MOZAMBIQUE

FPLM TAKES ACTION AGAINST BANDITS IN CHIBABAVA
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 4 May 84 p 16.

[Text] In Chibabava, Sofala Province, 29 bandits were killed and several .
others taken prisoner by the Armed Forces of Mozambique-FPLM, during military
offensives that have been under way since March of this year, which have made
possible the annihilation of five enemy groups, specifically those in the
areas of Chitoconue, Nhamboa, Nhango, Chissequera and Marombe.

Also during the continued operations by the FAM/FPLM, various kinds of ordnance,
including AKM type weapons, 60 mortar and antitank mines, machine guns, small
boats and ammunition, some of South African origin,weré seized, and several
ivory tusks were also recovered. Nearly 150 families were liberated as well.

The chief of staff of the FAM/FPLM Fifth Brigade in Sofala, Capt Henrique
Avelino Canxixe, who disclosed this information to us in Chibabava, said that
pursuit activity is under way against the main bandit groups, for the purpose
of restoring calmness to that section of the province.

Our source also noted that the armed bandits lately have not had any camps in
Chibabava, and are constantly fleeing, in an attempt to escape the punitive
action of the armed forces stationed in that area.

“"During the past few days, the armed bandits have not had any camps. Many of
them are hiding out in their relatives' homes, or else are infiltrating the
population. Therefore, we can claim to be convinced that they have no fixed
location, and are constantly in flight." This comment was made by Capt Henri-
que Canxixe, chief of staff of the FAM/FPLM Fifth Brigade in Sofala, while
speaking to a team from the national information service. :

DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE experienced from close range the military situation in
Chibabava, where, among other news coverage assignments, it witnessed “on
‘site" part of the action of the Armed Forces of Mozambique-FPLM in that part
of Sofala, as well as the local population's involvement in the battle against
armed bandits.

The source added: "Insofar as you are concerned, I think that comment will

be unnecessary, once you have had an opportunity to witness one of the confron-
tations between our forces and a group of bandits seeking food. The bandit
only surprises us, but lacks the capacity to confront us, and I think you will
observe this."

15



WIGERIA

ONLY 4 STATES REPORTEDLY PAY STUDENTS" FEES ABROAD
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 3 Nay 84 p 4
[Article by Chris Ayaeze], wd

[Text] ONLY four states in the federation have manazed to take care of their
students abroad. :

The other states abandoned their wards to the vagaries and uncertainties of ©
public and private charity in foreign countries as well as to scarce resources
of the country's missions overseas. .

This disclosure was made in Lagos yesterday by the Minister of Education, Alhafi
Yerima Abdullahi, when he met with commissioners of education in his office.

The meeting is being held behind closed door.

Alhaji Yerima said remittance of students fees overseas. called for prompt and
decisive action by all state governments concerned.

This, he went on, would go a long way to improve the image of the country
which was being tarnished abroad over non-payment of fees.

He noted that Nigerian students as well as our missions were being subjected
to great deal of embarrassment and untold hardship.

Issues to be deliberated upon at.,the commissioner's meeting included:

--Defraying expenses incurred on behalf of state governments by our missions
overseas ;

~~Settling ail outstanding bills of bona~fide students sponsored by state
governuents and

~-Streanlining the administration of all the scholarship programmes overseas
with a view to preserving our national identity and unity.

cso: 3400/957

36



The Daily Times understood that the search was to forestall any conspiracy of
fraud.

Lagos Bankers
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 4 May 84 p 1
[Article by Jimmy Aderinokun]

{Text] ELEVEN bank officials in various banks in Lagos were yesterday ar-
rested for trying to exchange more than ¥106,000 old notes for various persons.

A statement issued in Lagos from the Torce Headquarters gave the breakdown
as follows:

National Bank of Nigeria Marina Lagos--N10 34853 ABC Martins Street, Lagos--.
85,283; Pan African Bank Lagos--¥10,035; ABC ‘Surulere--H11,157,50; ‘Undon Bank
lupeju--#20, 320; Union Bank Marina--N5,500; Union Bank Oyingbo--¥14,920; Union
Bank Broad Street--¥9,665 with six signed Union Bank cheques and six paying in
slips already signed; TOMA Broad Street--¥690.50 and First Bank Secretariat~~.
812,157.

The statement added that all the 11 bank officials arrested were helping ‘the
police in their investigations.

The police warned all bank officials and the public to desist from unacceptable
exchange transaction.

cso: 3400/957



NIGERIA

TEXTILE INDUSTRY FACES BLEAK FUTURE
Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 7 May 84 p 24
{Article by Dapo Ajibola]

[Text] TEXTILE industry in Nigeria might be forced to close down in a few
weeks time. This is because the Federal Military Government has up to now not
issued import licences to the textile mills despite the fact that the Nigerian
Cotton Board has asked the government to allow importation of this before the
end of April, according to the chairman of the Nigerian Textile Manufacturers
Association, Mr. Olubunmi Ilo.

In a letter to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Commerce and Industry
through the Ministry of Agriculture, the Board said, inter alia: "as the
Board's Cotton lint is likely to be exhausted by the end of April, we request
that you please give urgent attention to enable licences to be issued to the
mills under the Approved Users Scheme for the importation in order to avoid
problems that may arise due to lack of raw materials".

Earlier, the Board had confirmed the availability of 75,000 bales of cotton
lint to the mills and to supplement this the Board now asks for import
licences to be issued by the Federal Government to cover 264,816 bales of
cotton lint, which is only 50 per cent of the shortfall in the mills.

Speaking to the Business Times, Mr. Ilo said that the nonavailability of cotton
lint to the mills now is the last blow for an already battered industry.

The closure of the mills will come one after the other any moment from now be-
cause most of them have cotton lint that would not last more than one week,
and over 200,000 employees will be out of jobs, he said.

The nineteen leading textile mills in the country had submitted in a batch
their applications for licences via the Association and the cotton Board to the
Federal Government having in mind the magnitude of having demand that will be
made on the mills this year.

With the cotton Board's supply ability standing at 75,000 bales the textile
mills would need as much as 530,000 bales to be able to produce between 400
and 500 million metres of textiles. In the meantime, the Association had de-
cided to accept the financial commitment which is 820,000 in the campaign for
increased cotton farming in the northern parts of the country for the 1984
season.

CSO: 3400/996 a



5. p 139.
6. p 140.
7 pial.
9631

CSO: 3419/671

The Offensive

Left: During the night a Soviet "Zil" truck captured from the
Ethiopians brings troop reinforcements, men and women. The new
offensive is to be the next day. A rocky peak dominates the
Nakfa front. On the other side is the objective: the first ridge,
still held by the Ethiopian Army, and the plain. It is not a
matter of just gaining ground but also of getting as:much Soviet
equipment as possible: tanks, guns, vehicles of all kinds.

The EPLF has no source of supply for weapons other than what it
captures from the enemy.

Colonel Vassili (holding out a document), chief Soviet military
adviser on the northeast front, in the Ethiopian officers' mess.
The Ethiopian colonel at his side, their chief of staff, was

to be taken prisoner. It was in his kit that these "souvenir
photos" were recovered. Folk tradition and psychological
warfare . . . The Soviet Colonel Vassili is posing dressed up
in traditional Ethiopian costume, in a straw hat and a big white
smock, in order to please his hosts. "M-24" armored helicopters
evacuated the Soviets. Abandoned were military and economic
technical manuals in Russian and, of course, the inevitable
bottle of "Moscovite" vodka. Jean-Francois Deniau was also to
find scattered in the sand some photocopied courses in Marxism
in Amharic for the use of Ethiopian officers.

In an imposing landscape a colunm of prisoners surrounded by
EPLF fighters is led into a camp. The EPLF recently freed nearly
3,000 Ethiopian prisoners of war. There were too many of them...



ZAMBIA WANTS NATIONAL GOODS--BULAWAYO. BUYERS from Zambia had expressed
interest in placing orders worth more than $3 million after visiting Trade
Fair stands, a spokesman for the Ministry of Trade and Commerce said yester-
day. The spokesman said the six buyers had been particularly interested in
building materials, mining equipment and spares, agricultural implements, and
machinery. “Although no definite orders were placed, good contacts were made.
Sanitaryware was another range which attracted their interest. All of them
said that they were now returning to Lusaka, hopefully to make arrangements
for payment agreements," he said. "Orders they would like to place would
amount to more than $3 million," he said. ‘Two buyers from Angola had been
particularly interested in canned foodstuffs, footwear, blankets, clothing,
cooking utensils and carpentry materials. "They were taken to some local
factories where they were impressed by the quality and range of products
being made in Zimbabwe. Although no definite orders were placed the buyers
said they were going back to their own country to make decisions about
sales," the spokesman said. [Excerpt] [Harare THE HERALD in English 14 May
84 p 1)

RECRUITMENT OF ASIAN ELECTRICIANS--HARARE City Council may recruit staff

for its electricity department from India and Pakistan to alleviate the man-
power shortage, a Harare councillor said yesterday. Clr. John Zhakata, the
chairman of the general purposes committee, told The Herald yesterday that the
council's efforts to recruit electricians from Britain had been unsuccessful
after the city electrical engineer, Mr Bruce Moore, went there twice. "We
have decided to recruit from Pakistan where there are many electricians," he
said. Members of the general purposes committee have been on an inspection
visit of the electricity department to see how the department operats. Clr
Zhakata said the electricity department was in a "chaotic situation". Last
month, the Mayor of Marare, Clr Tizirayi Gwata, called for an investigation
into operations of the department after councillors had got unsatisfactory
answers on why electricity staff were frustrated. [Excerpts] [Harare THE
HERALD in English 17 May 84 p 1]

cso: 3400/1008 END

69



UGANDA

PARLIAMENTARY ASSOCIATION FORMED WITH TANZANIA
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 4 May 84 pp 1, 8
{Article by Eva Lubwama and Tom B. Okello]

[Text] THE Uganda Parliament on Wednesday passed a motion calling for the
formation of the Uganda~Tanzania Parliament Association. The purpose of the
association is to promote the exchange of legislative-economic and cultural
information between the two sister republics.

The association will also enhance the recently formed joint Economic Commis-
sion between the two nations.

Tabling the motion, the Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office,
Mr Osindek Wangwor, said Tanzania has a lot to share with Uganda despite
the fact the has a one~party system

He added that the door was open for other neighbouring countries to associ-
ate with Uganda at parliamentary level.

Mr Wangwor emphasised the importance of parliament as an organ of any under-
standing between the people of the two nations.

Through the association, joint seminars on different topics will be held,
while reciprocal visits by members of parliament, as well as exchange of
literature especially the hansard will be encouraged, he added.

Mr Wangwor assured the House the running of the association will not require
a separate vote of funds and its expenditure will be minimal.

He outlined that already, Uganda Parliament is a member of many international
parliamentary organs and it was therefore proper to establish parliamentary
links with her immediate neighbours.

Supporting the motion, the Minister of Justice, Mr Steven Ariko, said that
Ugandan parliamentarians should not forget that it was the Tanzanian parlia-
ment's go ahead for the liberation war which brought peace and democracy to
this nation.

51



otherwise. The question security men were trying to find answers to was:
“Who issued passports to the suspects a~month-and-a-half after the Federal
Government had put a ban on the issuance of passports to Nigerians until
further notice? [By Ide Equabor] [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English
17 Apr 84 p 24]

FRAUD AT UNIVERSITY--IWO former executives of the Bendel State University,
Ekpoma have been ordered to explain how 840,000 withdrawn from the coffers

of the institution was spent within five days. The governor, Brigadier J. T.
Useni also ordered the two men, Professor M. I. Ogbeide and Mr. S. A. Kakulu
to stop parading themselves as vice chancellor and registrat of the univer-
sity respectively. Brigadier Useni gave the order at the week-end in Benin
while interrogating the two former executives on the withdrawal of the
N40,000. Professor Ogbeide, who admitted being in possession of the univer-
sity's. typewriter was also ordered by the Governor to return same immediately
or face severe penalty. Governor Useni said the state government reserved

the right to relieve anybody of his appointment when his services were no
longer required. He added that it was wrong for any person to impose himself
or herself on the government. [By Phillip Ahante] [‘lext] [Lagos DAILY TIMES
in English 23 Apr 84 p 1]

282 GHOST WORKERS--TWO hundred and eighty two ghost workers were identified
in government ministries and parastatals in Bauchi State during the month of
March this year. Following this discovery, 471,310 which would have been
paid to the ghost workers was saved by the government. This was revealed to
newsmen at the weekend by the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Finance,
Dr. Ismaila Mika Jimeta. Dr. Jimeta also stated that 461 workers could not
claim their March salaries as some of them were believed to be on course or
yearly leave. According to the Permanent secretary, the Ministry of Educa-
tion topped the list with 93 ghost workers, while the Ministry of Health had
41 and the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources had 40. [Text]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Apr 84 p 5]

BANNING PILGRIMAGES URGED--THE Federal Military Government has been called
upon to place a temporary ban on all forms of holy pilgrimage until the
economy of the nation improves. Speaking to a group of journalists at a
bazaar held at the National Museum Onikan, Lagos, by the Association of

Women Bankers, Alhaji S. A. Sule, President of the Nigeria Institute of Bankers
decried the huge sum of foreign exchange being expended on pilgrims. Comment-
ing on the Federal Government's announcement that Nigerian pilgrims would be
allowed to exchange 4800 for this year's pilgrimage, Alhaji Sule said ‘if
about one million pilgrims were allowed to go on pilgrimage, it means that a
collosal sum of N80 million would be involved. He described such expenditure
as wasteful and an expensive luxury the country could not afford at this hard
times. Alhaji Sule who had pioneered the call to ban the importation of rice
into the country said that another area of wasteful disbursement of scarce
foreign exchange included the importation of fertilizer. He said there were
large expanse of fertile lands in the country that would be cultivated to
ensure adequate food for the masses. [Text] [Enugu DAILY STAR in English

21 Apr 84 p 8]



[Answer] I thank you very much. Clearly we have come a very long way.

We would certainly need a lot more time to consider things from all angles.
But I should tell you straight off that in Po, where I have been interned
for . . . it will soon be 4 months and some days, I have had the opportunity
and the spare time to listen to the young men in power, to observe their
movement in the direction of very determined revolutionary renewal, and I
must tell you that every day we follow with pleasure their voluble atten-
tiveness to things.

Because I was the first president I ought to first off assess the difference,

as far as I am concerned, that there is between today's revolutionary government
and the government over which I had the opportunity to preside right after

the African states became independent.

Firstly, we didn't have any problem. One might say that we launched headlong
into the fray. Well, any government structure first of all presupposes

the safety of the nation, but when making the comparison with what is happening
today, one might say that these young men are much further along than we

were in the direction of organization and positive struggle motivated by the
will to be free, dignified, and independent. I must sdy that in record time--
for the revolutionary government hasn't been in place for more than 5 or 6
months-~our seemingly sleepy country has been roused. Although I don't
physically observe it from up close, one feels that the country is alive,

that Upper Volta has at various levels practically become a huge work site.

I know that the people are easily making the comparison between what was
yesterday and what is today.

All one has to do is see the voluntary, enthusiastic achievements being
accomplished every day in order to know that there is really a change and
that we who are of a certain era and are getting on in years must: resolutely
trust these young men. And at the same time we must thank them. Thank them
for having brought us out of discredit by taking this direction...

Thank them for having shown, through rallying such amazing energies, that
Upper Volta is not completely down the drain...

But never mind. I am convinced that in the end it is they who will be right.
In order to make a success of our revolution all that must be done is show
that we want to make a success of it together. Doubtless this could be ac-
complished by individuals in isolated fashion, but that would not be ideal.
That is:why in terms of myself I have decided to break silence and in case
I'm needed appear before the people of Bourkina and explain my position. If
I made errors in the past, let me be told about them and I'l] acknowledge them
and ask . . . Anyway, if you don't mind I'll give you an idea of what I intend
to say to my fellow countrymen:

55



until 3 January 1966 for Maurice to leave and he still isn't chief of state.
This is by way of telling you in passing that Ki-Zerbo is so anxious for power
that he is capable of the worst foolishness. For people who are really honest
want to put their intelligence at the country's service. They are here;

they haven't fled. Myself, ever since that time I could have left. I knew
what could happen to me one day or other. And starting on that 3 January
people made proposals to me about going to all kinds of places. But I said
no, I am going to die here. What have I done? I have stayed; I am here.

And I am even doing quite all right. Awaiting the time when the activities

of all and sundry are cleared up. I am here, faithful to what the 4 August
revolutionaries have marked out, and, if I have the opportumity and I still
have a few years of life remaining, one day I will be able to make my small
contribution, for the purpose of our country's moving ever forward. And that
is a deep-seated plan which lies within me. That is why I am happy you asked
me this question. As for the Ki-Zerbo's, they have not done the right thing.
Thanks to them, certain people here are under suspicion . . . and I am sure
that the Ki-Zerbo's are making a lot of fuss out there. Even if they are
earning money it is just to live on, that's all. No mercenary is going to
come here; don't worry.

At one time I heard that my personal relations with Houphouet were being
interpreted as more or less (The journalist broke in here and said that he
was going to come to this issue.) the sort which would permit Ivory Coast
to shelter some kinds of mercenaries who might make their way into Upper
Volta at any time, and I said, "Sir, that's not true." That is a misunder-
standing of Houphouet and a misunderstanding of the basis of our friendship.
I know Houphouet. It is because there was a clash at the beginning that he
had to react the way he did, but it is certain that one day Sankara and he
will be the best of friends.

[Question] To get back to Ki-Zerbo, you accused him just now of several
things; he refused to get involved, as it were. One might say that under the
CMRPN [Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress] he did, however,
make some progress since it ultimately seems (and quite a lot of facts demon-
strate this) that it was his party which served as political adviser to the
CMRPN government.

59



Meanwhile, cement dealers in Nigeria have appealed to both the federal and
state governments to issue them licences which would enable them import
cement. They also appealed to the governments to give directive for direct
purchase of cement from cement industries in the country.

One of them said, "without cement at a reasonable price, people cannot build,
and if cement is few in the market, it will be sold only to a privileged few
who would become rich by it".

cso: 3400/996

47



MOZAMBIQUE

PROVINCIAL INDUSTRY ADMINISTRATOR ON GAZA FISHING INDUSTRY
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 5 May 84 p 3

[Text] Milagre Mateus Mutemba told our reporter that Gaza's provincial direc-—
torate of industry and energy has a plan in the area of fishing which calls
for the consolidation of the three pre-cooperatives already ‘in existence,

the reactivation of the centers shut down by the enemy's activity and the
introduction of pisciculture into areas yet to be determined.

Last*year’, hundreds of tons of fish were caught in Gaza Province, in this
province's various fishing centers, the largest of which are located in the
districts of Massingir (Albufeira de Massingir), Chokue, Bilene Macie, Chibuto
and Xai-Xai. ‘Our source also remarked that several factors had caused meager
fish production last year, the major ones being the drought, lack of lumber for
boats and difficult access to the sea. In the latter respect, that official
told us that there is a project to clean up the side of the lakes.where fish-
ing is being done at present. "We don't even fish off the coast of the Indian
Ocean bordering our province, but rather in the lakes connected to the sea."

In discussing the formation of fishing cooperatives, the subject of our inter-
view claimed: "That is a political process which is steadily continuing. The
fishermen have shown a certain reluctance toward forming fishing cooperatives,
because an updating of prices is still lacking." Gaza Province has a fishing
potential which, when used to advantage, could improve the diversification of
the population's nutritional diet and, in particular, become an inexhaustible
source’ attracting foreign exchange, through exports of shrimp, which are very
plentiful in the Zongoene lagoon (Xai-Xai District), owing to its excellent
connection with the sea. 5

Commenting on the growth of industry as a whole, Milagre Mateus Mutemba said
that Gaza Province is still heavily dependent on Maputo. "If we want to

a part, we have to resort to Maputo." He added: "The Sogere Brewery Plant
sometimes shuts down, not because of lack of raw materials, but because there
are no containers for bottling the beverages." Milagre Mateus Mutemba thinks
that the ceramics industry is the most developed one in the province, and has
succeeded in meeting the population's needs completely.

2909
CSO: 3442/375

19



NICERIA

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PLANS 10-POINT REVIVAL PACKAGE
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 7 Apr 84 pp 1, 5

[Text] A 10-POINT comprehensive package designed to revive the economy has
been announced by the Federal Military Government.

General Muhammadu Buhari who released the package in Lagos last night in a
special broadcast remarked that the country's economy was, in "pretty bad
shape". {

The government was faced with a vast external and internal debt.’ As at ‘Febru-
ary 29 this year, total internal loans were 426.1 billion while external debt
was 47.2 billion.

The 10-point measures, government has adopted to revive the economy are:

--A review of the budget to reflect the realities of the present situation.
Expenditure will be matched, as much as possible, to available ‘resources to
avoid the phenomenon of excessive deficit budgetting which plagued the civilian
administration. Federal and state government recurrent and capital budgets
will be equally and similarly treated. Waste in any shape or form will be

cut to the barest minimun.

~~A programme for Nigeria's external financing requirements in 1984 is being
drawm up. Hajor government projects involving large roreign exchange commit-
ment will be rephased to redu ce pressure on the external sector. The present
control of external borrowings by state governments and other public agenices
will be tightened.

~-Several measures have been instituted through the Central Bank of Nigeria to
streamline banking operations, reduce the rate of drain on the economy and lay
a sound foundation for the ccatrol of economic financial transactions.

Thus~-Commercial and merchant banks are now responsible for issuing the Form M
certificate which provides for the mandatory registration of imports.

Initial problems on the issue of Form M by banks have been overcome.

37



ZIMBABWE

. BRIEFS

NUMBER OF CO-OPS--THERE are 1 320 registered co-operatives in Zimbabwe now
with a total membership of 94 000 in agricultural, industrial, service and
collective ventures, the Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Develop-
ment, Cde Moven Mahachi, said in Gaborone yesterday. Addressing the first
African ministerial co-operative conference in the Botswana capital, Cde
Mahachi said the Government was encouraged by the increasing number of co-
operatives being formed. A new understanding was that co-operative action
enabled a broadbased economic transfer that would ensure control of socio-
economic institutions by the majority. Cde Mahachi said measures were being
taken to ensure that dishonesty, corruption and mismanagement do not creep
into the movement. "I feel confident that taping from experiences of the long
established member countries of the International Co-operative Alliance, we
will emerge on a fairly sound base,“ he said. "We are gradually getting ac-
quainted with the ICA and I am sure we shall become a member in due course,"
said Cde Mahachi who attended as an observer. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 12 May 84 p 3]

RESETTLEMENT PROGRAMS WORKING WELL--THE resettlement programme is beginning

to pay dividends and some schemes expect a bumper harvest this season, the
Secretary for Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development, Dr Langford Chitsike,
said yesterday. He told a Commonwealth rural credit workshop in Harare that
senior Government officials were due to visit schemes in Mashonaland Fast and
West, and in the eastern districts to see for themselves. The Deputy Secretary
for Agriculture, Dr Sam Muchena, asked the conference why some people thought
the calibre of farmer being resettled would wreck the programme. Dr Chitsike
said experience in rural areas over many years had disproved the idea that
peasants cannot farm. Many co-operatives were so successful that supportive
services from Government were being stretched. People who thought money was
being wasted on resettlement should get their facts straight, he said. Com
mercial banks could invest in the communal sector if land tenure could be
enacted to provide security, he said. Plans were being made for co-operative
unions to gain access to financial institutions to raise money to lend to their
members. The honorary secretary of the Savings Development Movement, Dr George
Smith, told the workshop that savings clubs were anxiously waiting for a rural
development savings bank. This would help clubs in remote areas facing steep
transport costs to bank money. There are roughly 5 500 savings clubs with a
family membership of 150 000 who spend $5 million annually on inputs. The
Commonwealth rural credit workshop ends today. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in
English 12 May 84 p 3]

68



Briefs
TIMES Editor Freed

Ousted Governor's Wife Arrested
Maitatsine 'Followers' Held

Fraud at University

282 Ghost Workers

Banning Pilgrimages Urged
5 'Maitatsine Beheadings'
‘Ghost' Projects in Benue

UGANDA

Parliamentary Association Formed With Tanzania
(Eva Lubwama, Tom B. Okello; UGANDA TIMES, 4 May 84)......

Briefs
Accusation of Starving Prisoners
Tourism Program

UPPER VOLTA

Yameogo Makes Self-Criticism, Discusses Ki-Zerbo Activities
(Maurice Yameogo, Interview; L'OBSERVATEUR, 19 Mar 84)....

Japanese Assistance to Country Discussed
(Passek-Taale; L'OBSERVATEUR, 16-18 Mar 84)....scecccseees

Recent Events in Country Discussed
(Passek-Taale; L'OBSERVATEUR, 4-6 May 84)..csesceees

ZIMBABWE

Trade Minister on Need for Government, Private Sector Dialogue
(Lynda Loxton; THE HERALD, 17 May 84)...cscccccccccscccece

Rural Businessmen Come Closer To Getting Title Deeds For Land
(THE HERALD, 18 May 84)...ccecccccccccccccccccscvscesccees

Briefs
Number of Co-ops
Resettlement Programs Working Well
Zambia Wants National Goods

Recruitment of Asian Electricians

48
48
48
49
49
49
50
50

51

53

54

61

63

65

67

68
68
69
69



That the coup leaders were unable to caputre Biya or Semengue, or retain the
complicity of key people in the army or spread the rebellion outside

Yaounde, also remain unanswered questions. Conceivably Gen. Semengue, an
extremely able tactician, played a double game with the plotters, pretending
to go along with their plans but then squashing them on the day. During
Ahidjo's presidency Semengue on more than one occasion managed to preempt
plotters in this way. The announcement by Biya the day before the coup
attempt that northern officers in the Garde Republicaine would be transferred,
appears to have forced the plotters to strike immediately and almost certainly
prematurely. It appears that Biya did indeed know of their plans (AC Vol 25
No 8).

cso: 3400/997

30



Those Recovered Want More Support

The families recently recovered from ‘the bandits, whose total number is 1,000,
need more support in the form of food and clothing, to cope with the specter

of hunger that still hovers over the children (the main victims of malnutrition),
and also to eliminate nakedness.

In this connection, Captain Canxixe told us: "We are often forced to divert the
soldiers' rations to help the rescued families. Most of the population that
we are discussing shows a high rate of malnutrition, and we cannot allow them
to die of hunger. During this phase wherein our activities are having major
effects on the local life, we think that the authorities responsible for
supplies should pay more attention to this situation."

Meanwhile, reports obtained by our reporter from some of those rescued indicate
that many families have already started clearing the jungle to open up collec-
tive farms. Specifically, it is intended to start the second season production,
such as that of vegetables, for example.

"One of our great concerns now that we are freed from the armed bandits is start-
ing food production. Since we won't have time now to plant grains, we are
considering producing squash, nhemba beans and kale. Our greatest problem lies
in the lack of seed." This disclosure was made by the Nguezimane couple, who
were recently rescued by the FAM/FPLM.

Moreover, it should be stressed that all the released families are being organiz—
ed into communal villages, for the purpose of organizing them better for produc-
tion. One of the goals of their organization in types of collective living is

to study the method for backing them with consumer goods and production facili-
ties.

Political Instructors Mobilize the Population

Other reports obtained by our team of reporters in Chibabava indicate that
political instructors from the Armed Forces of Mozambique/FPLM are engaged in
the mobilization of the rescued families, aimed at their improved organization
for agricultural production and collective living.

One of the FAM/FPLM political instructors contacted by DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE was
Fernando Taibo Beruca, from the First Company of the 505th Battalion, currently
serving in the Hatongua District in Muxungue, who commented: "The. political
work with the rescued population is a priority."

Fernando. Beruca stressed, in connection with the work that is under way with
the recovered population: "The population must be liberated ideologically too,
because we think that without this activity, they cannot understand our current
realities, and the purpose of our struggle to physically eliminate the armed
bandits. Thus far, we have been making progress on our political front."



MOZAMBIQUE

OJM SECRETARY GENERAL ON VARIOUS PROGRAMS INITIATED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 May 84 p 4

[Text] Maputo (Agency)--The Mozambican youth, responding enthusiastically to
an appeal from the Politburo of the FRELIMO Party's Central Committee, have
already started implementing some of the programs devised in connection with
the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the beginning of the armed struggle
for national liberation. This announcement was made by the OJM. [Mozambique
Youth Organization] secretary general, Zacarias Kupela, at a meeting held
with native reporters. According to that official the programs marking
Revolution Day, which include the patriotic education of youth, volunteer
work, sports, cultural and recreational activities and socialist emulation,
are to be carried out essentially by the student youth. He commented: "By
giving priority to the educational institutions, we think that we shall succeed
in including all the youth in the celebrations marking that date which, to us,
will be recorded in the golden pages of our history."

With patriotic education, an effort is being made to have every young person
love his fatherland and be ready to defend it at any time. In this context,
Zacarias Kupela stressed that the students would receive the necessary politico-
military training, and would be called upon to become increasingly involved in
Compulsory Military Service, the local forces, the popular militias and the

vigilance groups.

According to the OJM official, there are concrete examples of the students'
participation in the defense of the fatherland, namely, in Inhambane, where,
during the vacations, the students participated directly in the battles against

armed banditry.

But patriotic education (a task incumbent on the whole society, and. not just

one particular entity) will not be limited to the mere training of students

in self-defense. According to Kupela, visits will be arranged to sites
destroyed both by the armed bandits and the Ian Smith regime, and South Africa.
The bandits themselves will describe the crimes that they committed against

the civilian population, and samples of ordnance captured by the Mozambican

Army will be organized, as well as films shown on the armed struggle for national
liberation. Kupela remarked: "We want our youth to hate the armed bandits
increasingly and to participate with redoubled intensity in their total elimi-
nation"; giving a reminder that, under the new conditions created by the

22



MOZAMBIQUE

CAHORA BASSA ENERGY TO REACH GAZA PROVINCE BY JUNE
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 5 May 84 p 3

[Text] Xai-Xai (Agency)--Gaza Province will start benefiting from the Cahora
Bassa energy early in the second half of this year, specifically, in June,
if there are. no problems in the execution of the plan. The first power
stations to generate the energy from Cahora Bassa will be the two main opera-
tional areas existing in the province, those of Xai-Xai and Chokue.

The electrification of the other sections of the province will depend essen-
tially on the completion of the electric substations under construction in

the districts, noteworthy among which are those in Chicumbane (Xai-Xai District),
Macie and Lionde, where high tension power transporting machinery will be
installed.

The foregoing statements were made recently to our reporter in an interview
granted by the Gaza provincial director of industry and energy, in which

he discussed the main problems and prospects for the development of industry
in this section of the country. And in this connection he told our newspaper
that the modernization of the current energy system is a matter of concern
to the authorities in this province, with a view toward improving and lending
greater efficiency to the hospital services, as well as to all others in
which this resource is essential.

The subject of our interview claimed that, based on the notion that industry
is a dynamizing factor in the country's economic development, and in view of
the fact that Gaza Province is essentially agricultural, there are at present
several different agricultural development projects which are heavily depen-
dent on timely backup from the industry and energy agency. In this context,
our interviewee remarked: "At the present time, since we are undergoing a
serious fuel shortage, the causes of which are more than well known, we are
giving priority to the agrarian enterprises, in order to facilitate the plow-
ing, harrowing and seeding during April, the second campaign season."

2909
CSO: 3442/375

18



NIGERIA

BAK OFFICIALS ARRESTED FOR NEW CURRENCY DEALS
Rivers State
Lagos DAILY TINES in English 3 May 84 p 1

/Excerpi/ FIFTY-ONE bank officials in the Rivers State, who wanted to exchange
old notes totalling ¥185,107 behind-the-counter were yesterday arrested.

A police spokesman told newsmen that the officials were apprehended in eight
commercial banks following complaints from the public.

The Commissioner of Police then sent out a crack team of detectives to foil
behind-the-counter currency deals.

All the suspects have made useful statements to the police and have been re-
leased on bail pending further investigations, he said.

And in Ibadan, Oyo State, police yesterday found 4236,700 cash kept in a room
at Felele Layout.

The money was recovered when police searched the house. A man is helping the
police on the matter.

Reports reaching our desk yesterday said that the man, in a bid to avoid ar-
rest, allegedly offered the police a 810,900 bribe and later increased it to
430,000.

A total of &8 second-hand vehicles of various brands were also said to have
been found in the premises of the suspect who claimed ownership of the vehicles.

This list of impounded vehicles include 35 Datsun panel vans, 20 Volkswagen
Kombi buses, 11 Datsun double cabin vans, two Bedford Tipper lorries, two
Peugeot '404' station wagon, one '404' pick-up van and six Toyoto buses.

In Lagos, bank officials were yesterday subjected to a thorough search by
securitymen in various parts of the Federal capital.

The officials were said to have been searched before going in and out of their
respective offices.

31



MALAWI

JAPAN TO PROVIDE AID FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 4 Apr 84 p 4

[Editorial: "Grant Stresses Agricultural Importance"]

[Excerpts] IT WAS learnt this week that Malawi is to receive a grant of
about K1.16 million from the Japanese Government to be used for purchasing
fertilisers and chemicals to boost agricultural production.

The agreement formalising the grant was signed in Nairobi, Kenya, by Malawi's
Ambassador based in Nairobi, Mr. M. W. Machinjili on behalf of the Government

of Malawi, and Mr. Kazuo Murakami on behalf ot the Japanese Government.

The provision of the grant for stepping up agricultural production is a laud-
able gesture which conforms with Malawi's priority needs.

The Japanese Government's grant to aid agricultural development is another
indication that Malawi's efforts in agriculture continue to attract inter-
national admiration and recognition.

cso: 3400/995

13



{Question] There is one item which certainly must receive your support,

which is the struggle that the present authorities and the Upper Voltan
people intend to carry out against any foreign domination. At the present
time Upper-Volta cares a great deal about its honor, and I believe that

from the time your government began by your refusing foreign base and particu-
larly French base installation in Upper Volta you were one of the few African
chiefs of state to do so. I think that on this matter of defense and the

dignity of our people, you certainly mst agree with the present CNR [National
Council of the Revolution],

[Answer] Absolutely. Absolutely, especially since at the very start of
Upper Voltan independence we didn't have the same logistical means to effec-
tively fight and assert our independence, as I was saying just now. But

I am very happy to observe that the Revolution of 4 August 1983 is making
improvements in terms of what I personally, as the first chief of state,

had had sight of--from the standpoint of giving the independence and dignity
of our people an official character--without being able to accomplish.

So I am saying that by their doing this the authorities have in practice
redeemed me, and I need only follow their lead in order for our independence
to be affirmed. You see, when I told the military bases not to stay here

it was because I was aware that they were one day liable to jeopardize our
independence. At the time I was much criticized, I was called conceited, etc. ..
But I assumed my responsibilities. And I believe that history has borne

me out, because if it were otherwise many problems with the 4 August 1983
Revolution actually becoming effective would have emerged at the present time.
But since God does things well . . . we needed a guard, an orderly in the
nursery of independence in order for his best children, who were being molded
in military schools, to come at a precise moment and affirm that independence,
by taking up the challenge that their old father had not had a wrong view of.
So I agree with them completely, and it is paradoxical that people, groups
and individuals, could question the policy of independence established for
the CNR, as they:do according to what we hear. Because there exists a will
to assert genuine independence as something inalienable given to each nation.
And each nation has the right to choose the society it likes. It just has to
know how to organize itself and make that society be effective and benefit
the nation, as I have the impression will be the case. While the abovementioned
people may be more or less shaken up for that purpose now, history will show
that they were wrong, and they will be covered with shame.

[Question] On that point, as you in fact know a certain number of Upper
Voltans seem not to appreciate this policy of national independence. Some of
them have fled the comtry. You are acquainted with them in their capacity
as politicians since you have had to cross swords, as it were, with them. I

57



operating theater, a dentistry area, a pathology laboratory, a refrigerated
plasma bank, etc. This hospital is well known among our fellow countrymen
in Doctors of the World and Doctors Without Borders. I was in the EPIF
headquarters, which is underground in a narrow valley; the entrance to it
under the stones and bushes is not visible at 30 paces. I spent several
nights underneath Nakfa, the dead city still in the center of fighting.
Elsewhere, on flat land out in plain daylight I saw a whole battalion but
only just as I was walking up on it, and the battalion was hidden under the
meager vegetation that grows scarcely 1 meter high in the sand. Each man, ©
under each bush, had dug his hole for the day. Each one was waiting with his
Kalashnikov, his two grenades, his flask, and his "foutah." An Ethiopian
colonél taken prisoner gave this explanation for his defeat: "The Front's
fighters seemed to come out of the ground all over the place." They do come
out of the ground.

So the EPLF has held up. By means of an austere political and social organiza-—
tion which covers both the front line and rear areas. By means of the courage

and tenacity of a people. By means of the quality of its leaders, who are

lean, have all been in combat, and among whom the oldest is 43. And in spite

of the crushing superiority of the Ethiopian military's aircraft and other
equipment. In spite of the massive assistance to the latter from the Soviet Union.

Currently the number of Soviet advisers serving alongside the Ethiopian Army
is estimated at about 3,000. At first they were only on staffs but later
they were in operations at the brigade level and now they are present at the
battalion level. In no other situation in the world is Soviet military
intervention so direct and does it involve so many personnel, apart from
Afghanistan of course.

Just as the British Empire had the Gurkhas who maintained law and order for
Her Gracious Majesty in India and the entire Commonwealth--Mrs Thatcher,

in this latter part of the 20th century, was to send some of them off once
again for the reconquest of the Falklands!--, the Soviets have found their
Gurkhas in the Cubans. But the Cubans have preferred, with a goodly share of
hypocrisy, to get out of the Eritrean sector and be assigned in the other
combat area, the Ogaden, where Colonel Mengistu faces another resistance
movement. As for the Soviet Union's other armed tentacle in the Third World,
South Yemen, its highly emotional feelings on Eritrea have stemmed not only
from the fact that it was a matter of fighting leftwing friends but also partly
from the fact of their being Arab brethren. The Soviets absolutely do not
want to lose the square Ethiopia occupies on the chessboard of world affairs--
in the middle of the Horn of Africa, fronting the Red Sea and directly next
door to the Arabian Peninsula--, a key space which dominates the whole region
with its strategic position and its 30 million people. But in order for the
Soviets not to lose it, then the price to be paid was for them to become
directly involved themselves.



NIGERIA

FURTHER ANALYSIS OF POST-COUP SITUATION PROVIDED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 9, 25 Apr 84 pp 4-5
[Commentary: ‘Cameroun: : Biya in the Balance"]

{Text] The violent coup attempt earlier this month has greatly weakened
President Baul Biya's position, Unable to rely on the police or the presi-
dential guard, he is now totally dependent on the army. The commander-in-
chief of the armed force, Gen. Pierre Semengue, appears to remain loyal to
Biya. And as was evident during the coup attempt, some of the key army units,
including the parachute batallion, were seemingly unambiguous in their support
for the government. But a lot of officers want Biya to be much firmer in his
handling of the political apparatus he inherited from former president

Ahmadu Ahidjo. They want heads to roll because of the coup attempt, and many
want Ahidjo extradited from France.

To regain authority and preempt a.coup, Biya might be tempted to dissolve the
ruling Union Nationale Camerounaise (UNC) party. ‘The battle between Ahidjo
and Giya supporters (AC Vol 24 No 16 and No 20) is unlikely to disappear in
the short-term. But by pushing Ahidjo supporters out of the UNC and the Na-~
tional Assembly, perhaps by abolishing both institutions, Biya might better
persuade the armed forces that he is authoritative enovgh to remain president.

During the last three months public opinion in Cameroun shifted markedly against
Biya, largely because he was seen to be indecisive, and too accommodating of the
previous regime. When he announced the cabinet changes of June 1983, in which
many key individuals in Ahidjo's regime were removed or reposted, there was
widespread optimism that. Biya would forge ahead with cleaning out~the UNC of

the acien regime, and then, firmly in control, set about liberalising local
politics. The discovery of a plot against the government in mid-August rein-
forced Biya's standing in the country. Trom then on, as he tried somewhat
desperately to defuse north-south tension, by compromise, his position weak-
ened.

Neither the extraordinary UNC congress last September, which formally sanction-
ed Biya's takeover from Ahidjo as leader of the one-party state, nor the Janu-
ary 1984 presidential elections, resulted in significant consolidation of Biya's
power. Waving thrown out a number of Ahidjo supporters in the June cabinet

28



Anyway . . . Let's move on to what we are certain about. What I mean is a
look at the week's events on the national level.

On Wednesday 25 April 1984, Mr Abdul Hamid Mirza, vice president of the Junior
International Economic Chamber, arrived in our country, visiting and encourag-
ing the Junior Economic Chambers of the countries in his area.

He was received by the minister of commerce, industry and mines who is the
sponsor of the Junior Economic Chamber of Upper Volta.

As he does every year on the eve of the first of May, the minister of civil
service, labor and social security addressed a message to the world of working
people. Unfortunately, dear Wambi, I was unable to get a copy of that message
for you, but there's no great harm in that.

But you should know that on the morning of the first of May the CSV [Upper
Voltan Trade Union Confederation] held a meeting at the Trade Union Center.
The CNTV [National Confederation of Upper Voltan Workers], USTV [Upper Voltan
Workers Trade Union Federation], and OVSL [Upper Voltan Organization of Free
Trade Unions] trade union groupings held their meetings together that evening
in the same place. :

The revolutionary trade unions (SNAID [National Trade Union of Tax and |
Estate Agents], SYNTSHA [expansion unknown], SYNTRAGMIH [expansion unknown],
SYNTER [expansion unknown], UGEV [General Union of Voltan Students]) had a
meeting at the Worker Education office which was just as successful as the

two abovementioned meetings.

But going beyond that, it was observed that this year the trade unions did
not, as is their normal custom, celebrate the immortal day in close ranks.

Dear Wambi, you must have heard the good news announced by the last cabinet
meeting having to do with a sizeable gold deposit having shown up in the
Sebba region. That must have reminded you of all.those well gilded tales
your Uncle Kiparince used to trot out for us about the mysteries and treasures
of that region. In fact he used to tell us about the gold-bearing trails
that blazed and rippled at night like fabulous reptiles which only skilled
panners for gold could tame.

Five years ago the news gave rise to such a stampede that the authorities
had had to send to the scene a National Army detachment which, I believe,
must still be there.

Such is life.
See you.
Your cousin Passek-Taale.

9631
CSO: 3419/648 64



“I must enphasise that Government is people-oriented, its policies are es-
sentially socialist~based and it is dedicated to raising the standard of
living of the mass of the people," he said.

On price controls, Cde Hove said the Government was very conscious of the
need to relate prices to the ability of the people to pay for goods. While
profit was not considered a dirty word by the Government, it was essential
that profits should be used beneficially and not just for lining the pockets
of shareholders.

"profits must be seen in the context of Government's fundamental policy of
wealth-sharing. Profits should benefit the shareholder, the worker whose
labour produces the profit and the people of the country as a whole," he
said.

Cde Hove said earlier that his ministry had eliminated the delays in processing
price increase applications.

The minister said Zimbabwe's success at international fairs and exhibitions,
during 1983/84 was indicated by the fact that orders received from African and
overseas contacts totalled $8.75 million.

cso: 3400/1008

66



ZIMBABWE

RURAL BUSINESSMEN COME CLOSER TO GETTING TITLE DEEDS FOR LAND
Harare THE HERALD in English 18 May 84 p 1

{Text] VICTORIA FALLS. THE Ninistry of Local Government. and ‘Town Planning
is to gazette 55 business centres in the communal lands in the "next few
weeks" in its drive to help traders in these areas obtain title deeds to
their land.

This was announced here this week at the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Com-
merce business forum by a ministry official when she was asked what progress
had been made in demarcating the business areas.

Members pointed out that the expansion and development of business in the
rural areas had been hampered by the inability of members to obtain title
deeds which could be used as security when applying for loans.

The official said that after the centres had been gazetted there would, how-
ever, be some delay before title deeds were granted as the sites would have
to be surveyed.

Only 55 centres--one each for Zimbabwe's 55 districts--had been pinpointed out
of the total 2 500 business centres in the country, because of the long pro-
cess of identifying them and because of the financial squeeze on the ministry.

Of the 55 districts, 47 did not have any centre in which title deeds could be
granted.

Until 1980, only 13 townships had been set aside for title deeds and little
development took place in the form of essential social and economic infra-
structural services. In fact, development had been ad hoc “as no good plan-
ning principles were applied".

“As a result, the ministry has to make sure that before centres are selected
for granting title deeds, proper selection and planning of centres is done,"
she said.

“The ministry, through the department of physical planning and district coun-
cils has been working flat out to produce layout plans for growth points,
district and rural service centres."

CsO: 3400/1008

67



Combating Hunger

Concurrently with the construction of housing, the families recently restored
to freedom are involved in starting. collective farms. Specifically, they are
engaged in second season production, as part of the improvement in the nutri-
tional diet and the effort to combat hunger.

Zacarias Nduma, in charge of the rescued people in Toronga, remarked: "There
are some who arrived in time, such as I, for example; for I have been here
since the end of last year. And they have managed to accomplish something
with regard to producing corn and mapira. But nevertheless, we all intend
to engage in producing vegetables."

A peasant woman named Roda Pitrosse who was contacted by our reporter cited
the lack of seed as the main obstacle to combating hunger. She said: "We
want kale, butter bean and 'nhemba' seed, as well as seed for other garden
produce, in order to start the second season production."

A Brief History

Toronga is one of the most productive sections of Chibabava District. Watered
by a vast plain on one of the banks of the Buzi River, its land is quite
conducive. to productive activities, as well as to raising livestock, such as
goats, bovine cattle and sheep, for example.

Until mid-1981, the time of its complete abandonment, Toronga stood out as
one of the richest sections of Chibabava; and, with the two communal villages
built here, it also became. one of the most heavily populated sections. It
should be recalled that refugees from Zimbabwe also lived here during the
war against Ian Smith. .

Upon the intensification of the activity of the Armed Forces of Mozambique-
FPLM, specifically, starting in mid-1983, Toronga was recovered and the
construction began on the village for the rescued families, some of who were
natives. An officer from the FAM/FPLM said: "To reconquer Toronga, we have
to tighten our belts, because we have found obstinate bandits here."

Boane Area, Maputo Province

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 May 84 p 2

[Excerpts] Over 250 families evicted by the rain which devastated the Boane
zone of Maputo Province at the end of January of this year are being settled
in the future communal village of Campoane, in the locality of Matola-Rio.

On Wednesday, this embryonic community as well-as the 25 June community,
located next to the state enterprise bearing the same name, were visited by
Jose Molane, first secretary of the party and governor of Maputo Province,
who learned on the site all the details regarding the construction of housing
and social infrastructure for the villagers.

25



launchers. Four hundred Eritrean People's Liberation Front [EPIF] fighters
were assembled in orderly fashion. They had no uniforms but.were a pictur-
esque medley of field service jackets, short pants, blue jeans, turbans,

and old bush hats. At their waists were ammunition and two locally manufac-
tured Chinese-model offensive grenades. Slung over their shoulders or around
their necks were the traditional "foutah," which no Eritrean ever takes off
and which serves as overcoat, bedsheet, blanket, or umbrella for them.
About a quarter of them were women, dressed like everyone else, armed like
everyone else. The skin coloring was of every shade, from very light-
colored mat complexion, to colors ranging from the color of copper to the
color of burnt bread--which are the colors of their mountains--, to deep
black. They had one characteristic in common: their ages were between

18 and 25. The fighters took off their hats and observed a minute of silence
with their heads bowed. This was the pre-attack ritual. I know of no other
example in another army of so moving a symbolic gesture, a gesture even more
moving perhaps than our minute of silence later on, much later on, as homage
to the dead. Then, brandishing their Kalashnikov's, they shouted in unison,
"Victory to the masses!" They won that battle. They captured other Kalash-
nikov's, Soviet machine guns, Soviet 122 mm guns, a half dozen Soviet T~35
tanks, some Soviet heavyweight Zil trucks, and hundreds of prisoners. But
it would not be the final battle. They are used to that. For 23 years they
have been fighting for the independence of Eritrea. Twenty-three years,

and what ups and downs . . . Marxists to begin with, they were supported by
the USSR and its friends. But today it is the Soviet Union with which they
are in direct conflict. Their history is worth recalling, since it is so
special and also such a good example of the complicated interplay of the
great powers, the tragedies of this world, and the courage of a people——a
history that runs from the corridors of New York to a trap in East Berlin.

In 1950 the UN established a federation of the Ethiopian Empire and the former
Italian colony next door, based on the advice of the English and the Americans.
Eritrea, a land of stark desert along the Red Sea, pastoral savannah’ in the
interior, and imposing, jagged mountains in its central region, has only

very little by way of resources. And Ethiopia needed access to the sea.

For the Allies it was a matter of giving a gift to and consolidating the
power of the negus, Emperor Haile Selassie, "fascism's first victim." But
the people of Eritrea were not truly consulted, contrary to the promises which
had been made. The federation wasn't working out well, and Ethiopia soon did
away with it by incorporating Eritrea into the empire. The United States. and
Israel supported the emperor in his conflict with the resistance fighters

of the various liberation fronts. The USSR and its satellites supported the
resistance fighters against Ethiopia. In the underground shelters where

EPIF militants live one can still find old yellowed posters from that period
on which a brawny Eritrean fighter is squashing a sinister Uncle Sam whose



ETHIOPIA

ERITREAN FRONT OPERATIONS, EXISTENCE DETAILED
Paris LE FIGARO MAGAZINE in French 12 May 84 pp 134-146

[Article by Jean-Francois Deniau in collaboration with Olivier Michel,
photographs by Jean-Luc Manaud: "Eritrea: At the Front With the Soldiers
of the Night"]

[Text] Jean-Francois Deniau, seen here with the mili-
tary and political leaders of the "Liberation Front
Fighters," spent 2 weeks deep in the heart of Eritrea
on the Nakfa front with the resistance fighters who

for 20 years have been struggling against the powerful
Ethiopian Army, which today is supported by the Soviets.
This report is a very special piece of documentation.

Some people in this world enjoy freedom through no efforts other than those
already made by previous generations. That is the real luxury that we in
France and in the West enjoy. But for the majority of people freedom is
denied. A number of them are struggling to obtain it, each in its own way,
on its own terrain--jungle or pebble-strewn land, marsh or mountains--,

with its own vocabulary, weapons, and ideas. But always struggling for the
right to be themselves. Andre Malraux recounted how in a Teruel trench

he met a soldier who had not eaten for 2 days or slept for 3 nights. He
was dressed in rags, covered with mud, and crawling with vermin. Malraux
asked him, "What are you here for?" The answer: "For dignity." The difficult,
faraway, obscure struggle of these people is sometimes ignored. They are
fighting for themselves, but their fight is also our fight. Freedom is not
divisible. That is why I really wanted to go and be alongside them in their
country and tell about it. In order for any resistance movement to survive
it needs means for subsistence, weapons, and hope. The last of these is not
always the least necessary. And there is no hope in the silence of others.

In a short while it was going to be nighttime. Only the tops of the cliffs
surrounding the dried-up stream bed were still red. In the front rank were
the machine guns, one per company, and the RPG focket~Propelled Grenade/ .rocket



MALAWI

BRIEFS

FABRIC MANUFACTURE--TO CONTINUE with their programme of launching the poly-
ester/cotton fabrics, David Whitehead and Sons were in Zomba on Monday night,
where they held “an all round-the-clock" fashion show in the Great Hall.
Speaking at the show, the general manager of the company, Mr. N. Rutherford
said the completion of the company's K20 million project will help in saving
some K46 million in foreign exchange in the country. [Excerpt] [Blantyre
DAILY TIMES in English 15 Nar 84 p 3]

SOLAR HEATER MANUFACTURE--SOLAR heaters will soon be made in Mzuzu, Brown and
Clapperton Northern Regional manager, Peter Arden has disclosed. This new de-
velopment comés about as a result of the establishment of an engineering division
for the company in Mzuzu. The new premises which B and C has been occupying
since November 1, 1983 were previously occupied by the engineering department
of Mandala, which has since ceased operations in Mzuzu, leaving only a spares
shop. According to Mr. Arden, solar heaters have in the past nine months been
manufactured in the Blantyre and Lilongwe workshops and sales have been en-
couraging. And with the establishment of the Mzuzu engineering division, the
Blantyre and Lilongwe workshops will be concentrating on bigger machinery.
[Excerpt] [Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 15 Mar 84 p 4]

NEW SUGAR EXPORT ROUTE--MALAWI is for the first time taking concrete stpes to
make Lake Malawi a viable new alternative for its exports, a senior transport
analyst said yesterday. A harbour is to be constructed at Dwangwa in Nkhotakota
to take care of sugar and other exports which are suffering from long delays

in reaching foreign markets. A spokesman of Malawi, Railways, the statutory
body charged with commercial movement on the lake, confirmed that construc-—
tion of a jetty at Dwangwa was afoot. He said, however, that consultations in
obtaining construction gear were being completed. He said the jetty would serve
as a connecting point in a lake route that would go through Chilumba and onward
to Mbeya to join the Tanzanian road and rail network. The need-for a northern
trade route for Malawi to supplement existing ones was highlighted at the re-
cent aid donors’ conference in Blantyre. With one voice, the donors urged for
steps to secure more routes for the country's goods and pointed to the need

to open up the north as a transport alternative. [By Jonathan Kuntambila]
[Text] [Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 15 Mar 84 p 1]

cso: 3400/995
14


The Power of Night

We left just before dusk, and we drove for hours on one of those tracks

of rock and sand that the EPLF has constantly kept on building in order to
provide lines of communication within the liberated areas. Generally speaking
the night protected us from the Ethiopian aircraft, the Soviet Mig-23's and
Antonov's which:were omnipresent and all-powerful during the daytime. But

one can never take enough precautions. The rule was that the vehicles at

the front drove with no lights and only the tail-end vehicle put its low
beams on in order to put a little light at ground level on the indistinct

line of the track under the wheels of the preceding vehicles. It was one
o'clock in the morning. The convoy stopped in a stream bed with some scattered
thorn bushes. Straightaway three shadows of resistance fighters appeared.
Under a tree an inconspioous electric bulb lit up a pipe and spigot which

came barely a handful of centimeters up out of the ground--a buried and
camouflaged gasoline depot. We filled up. A woman resistance fighter noted
the vehicle registration and the amount of gas in a ledger. All lights were
extinguished. The shadows disappeared in the dark and we set off again on

our bumpy way in the night.

How often was that scene repeated? The entire liberated territory is organized
that way, with underground depots of gasoline, ammunition, and even fresh
water. Sometimes in front of some entrance hidden among the rocks we would be
brought glasses of scalding tea, very black and highly sugared, which along
with local pancake-shaped bread seems to provide the bulk of their subsistence.

In front of us the desert was like a beach, and behind us there were successive
waves of mountain ridges compressed and made jagged by the wind. Out from a
shelter of branches hidden under a thorn bush suddenly came some resistance
fighters with their Kalashnikov's and their grenades. Night had arrived and,
in a few moments, this landscape of death would be filled with intense
activity. About 10 high-powered Soviet trucks taken from the Ethiopian Army
and transformed into mobile workshops, repair trucks, and mobile forges emerged
from the darkness and from shelter in nearby gorges. A garage the size of a
small factory was set up in front of us for the night. People did welding,
dismantling, and repair work. The latest prizes captured from the Ethiopian
Army emerged from the darkness--tanks, front-wheel drive armored vehicles,
Japanese jeeps. Out of three damaged tanks they made a combat-ready one.

At dawn we went back through that place. Total silence had returned. There
was nothing more than tire and tank tracks in the sand which sandstorms would
soon blur and cover over.

If the resistance fighters don't have the nighttime for themselves, they dig
themselves in and find another power of darkness in the power of being under-
ground. I was in a hospital, underground and camouflaged, that has an


MOZAMBIQUE

SELF-DEFENSE COURSES UNDER WAY IN VARIOUS DISTRICTS
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 May 84 p 2

[Excerpts] "You militiamen must work in cooperation with the defense and
security forces in this locality of Nhangau." This comment was made by the
first secretary of the city committee, Lourenco Jose Marra, in a speech closing
the second self-defense course, delivered on Monday morning in Nhangau, on the
outskirts of the city of Beira.

After demonstrating some combat techniques and tactics learned in the course,
the participants submitted a message, in which they declared: "We are ready to
liquidate the armed and unarmed bandits in our country. And we are ready to
take part in any task requested of us to annihilate the armed and unarmed

bandits."

Participating in the aforementioned course were charcoal makers, peasants,
fishermen, members and officials from the OMM [Organization of Mozambique
Women] and the OJM [Mozambique Youth Organization] and the population as a
whole who, after 90 days of training, will be reinforcing the number of citizens
trained to date in the locality of Nhangau.

The participants contributed the sum of 1,100.00 meticals to support the popula-
tion recently liberated by the FPLM/FAM in the districts of Maringue and Goron-

gosa.

At the conclusion, cultural activities were held, as a sign of happiness at the
completion of the course.

A course in self-defense involving all members of the local Saltworks Cooperative,
merchants and the population as a whole concluded recently in the Maropanhe District
ef Machanga.

According to a source from the administrator's office, at the present time ano-
ther self-defense course is taking place in Machanga as well, this one at the
district headquarters, in which 280 persons from various fields of activity
and places of residence are taking part. On the island of Chiloane, also in
Machanga, a self-defense course for men and women,with active participation by
500 persons, was started a few days ago.

2909

cso: 3442/375

20



201179

JPRS-SSA-84-067

11 June 1984

j jTION STATEMENT A)
Approved tez public reieasal }
a» Diwnibaties Unlimited

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

NTTA NTAVITY INGPECTED 8 |

FBiS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| NATIONAL TECHNICAL
| INFORMATION SERVICE

ARTMENT OF COMMERCE
US: BERINGFIELD, VA. 2216)

Aidt



He disclosed that the Agriculture Ministry is waiting for the new budget to be
out before it can take any positive steps to assist affected farmers.

Nearly §1 billion worth of crops and livestock was lost in the state during
the last planting season.

No less than 30 per cent of the cattle population, which is about 600,000 heads
of cattle are affected out of which more than 300,000 are likely to die due
to lack of fodder and water, according to estimates by experts.

According to the state commissioner for Agriculture and Natural Resources,
Alhaji 0. b. Mohammed the state government is making plans to assist the drought -
victims and save the few animals through provision of supplementary feeds.

Water will be carried by tankers to areas of water shortage and wells will be
dug in several places to increase water supply.

The commissioner enumerated three other measures which the state government
would be pursuing to combat the effect of drought. ‘These are:

construction ‘of small earth dams and the medium-sized dams all over the state
to conserve rainwater for livestock and human consumption;

--Establishment of fodder production units to ensure that enough fodder is
available for cattle, especially during the dry season, and

~~Proper management of existing grazing and forest reserves to ensure control
of use.

Daniel Tifato who studied the situation in Kaduna state filed this report:

As the rainy season approaches, the Kaduna state government is intensifying
efforts to provide relief materials to parts of the state that were badly
affected by drought.

The government notes that because of the early cessation of rainfall in the
1983 season, Kaduna state lost about 1.5 million tonnes of food and cash
crops including livestock.

To alleviate the suffering of badly affected people in the state the government
has despatched 10 water tankers to the norhtern part of the state.

When the state government launched the emergency Drought Relief Appeal Fund
recently, more than 3600,000 was realised. The state Drought Relief Committee
has taken the campaign to the local government areas of the state.

Already, the government has started selling fertilizer to farmers throughout
the state. It explains that this is being done to enable farmers begin culti-
vation early. This way, farmers will be able to harvest their crops in time
to avoid any early cessation of rainfall.

43



For the 10th anniversary of the Ethiopian revolution next September, Colonel
Mengistu wants a decisive military victory over Eritrea. The Russians are pro-
mising it to him if they are themselves able to win over Ethiopia. Meanwhile,
the fighting which continues to go on is useful to the Russians. The Eritreans
have only one solution left: to attack.

It is no longer guerrilla activity; it is war. From a frontline trench I wit-
nessed the start of the new Eritrean offensive. No longer was H-Hour at night;
it was at 1500, in broad daylight. In front of us was the plain. The one-eyed
woman fighter commanding the platoon spoke to her troops in a soft voice—-so
soft--a girl's voice. Everyone was called by his first name: Petrus, Paulus,
Salomon, Michel, or Abdallah. There were nicknames as well. One injured woman
returned to the front chose "Thatcher," as in England's "Iron Lady." Her neigh-
bor chose "Vatican" even though he is of Muslim extraction, because he liked
how it sounded. There are no ranks. Just as in the Chinese Army one recognizes
officers by the number of pockets in their jackets (and the number of pens in
their pockets). Here the only external sign of a "superior" is a pistol in a
belt. We exchanged cigarettes, a rare commodity. For reasons of economy (one
package costs US$3), the EPLF eliminated the 3 cigarette per day ration after
explanations and voting.

Behind us an Eritrean 122 mm battery provided support for the advance of the
resistance fighters. The Ethiopian batteries responded, but they were long and
the shells passed whistling over our heads. The next day the Ethiopian aircraft
took advantage of a very clear sky and fought back in its turn, causing the
Eritreans some difficulties; and a Mig-23 was shot down.

Can the Eritreans win? Moving from guerrilla activity to war, from the moun-

tains to the plain, from nighttime to daylight is never easy. They are deter-
mined to do so. There is already 300 km of continuous front line, with trenches
and underground earthworks (guerrilla activity is kept up but that is further

away, behind Ethiopian lines). Winning the war is no longer just a matter of
courage and organization but is also a matter of equipment. It is no longer only
the issue of the EPLF as opposed to Colonel Mengistu; it is the issue of the

future of Ethiopia and of the region, of its situation in relation to East and West.

The EPLF claims to be non-aligned. It has some good reasons for doing so...
Asked about their current beliefs the EPLF leaders answer that they are "certainly
socialist, but resolutely independent." Their original vocabulary has been
discreetly set aside without being repudiated. They have simply added an "s'"--
now it is "imperialisms" with an "s" which are the enemy.

The EPLF is alone. It deserves to be alone no longer. Regarding the Ethiopians,
for whom'I naturally have great sympathy--for them there do exist solutions
other than military ones for settling the conflict.



The Soviet Involvement

Eight hundred Soviet tanks (some given by Qadhdhafi), more than 100 armored
M-24 helicopters, trucks, and more pieces of long-range and field artillery
than can be counted (but which must be paid for!). And troops. In order to
avoid losses and having colonels captured who can be shown to the press,

the Soviet armored helicopters come in as soon as an Ethiopian unit gets in
trouble and they evacuate Soviet nationals leaving the Ethiopians in the field
to fend for themselves all alone . . . Cooperation is not easy. And in spite
of the Soviet advisers, the Eritreans are advancing.

In an underground PC [command post] at tea time, in the middle of the night,
I told the EPLF's principal military leaders a story that delighted the whole
Near East a number of years ago. After the Six Days War, which inflicted
spectacular defeat on the Egyptian Army that is not forgotten, the chief
Soviet military adviser--let us call him Marshal Popov--is summoned before
the USSR's Politburo in Moscow. The conversation is as follows:

"Comrade Marshal, you are a brave soldier. You are an impeccable communist.
You are an eminent citizen of our Soviet homeland. None of all of that is in
question. But could you be so kind as to tell us what on earth the advice was
you gave the Egyptian Army that they were defeated in less than a week?"

Marshal Popov reacts indignantly: ''T have nothing to reproach myself with;
the advice I gave was the best."

"But what did you say, Comrade Marshal?"

"It was the best advice, I tell you. The advice proven by centuries of
experience in our army. The advice in accordance with the traditions of our
great general staff. The advice confirmed by the most recent experiences."

"But what did you say, Comrade Marshal! What advice?"
"Retreat, retreat, retreat, and wait for winter."

In Eritrea it is not very likely that the Soviets are waiting for winter.

What they are waiting for is something else. They are waiting for Ethiopia
to have definitively swung over into the Soviet fold. All over in Ethiopia
Soviet cadres, and not just military men, are already working toward that end.
Constant pressure is being exerted on Colonel Mengistu for him to take a
decisive step--to organize his government on the basis of a communist party
affiliated with that of Moscow. When Chernenko just received Colonel Mengistu
in the Kremlin, he very bluntly reminded him about that. For the USSR that
step is the sign of its ascendancy being irreversible.


"Permit your first chief of state, who had the privilege of ushering in the
era of the successive reactionary governments, to take a quick general look
with you at the different factors which, at least as far as I am concerned,
have contributed to what is nowadays appropriately called national resignation.

Comrades of Bourkina Province, I have come to talk with you voluntarily.

My situation of being a political detainee in Po--where I am treated wonder-
fully well, moreover; you can see--might allow one to think that some pressure
were in some way or other being exerted on me. There is nothing of the kind.

I have come to try to convince you, by means of sincere and loyal self-criticism,
that in spite of the burdensome presumptions people have had about me it has
never entered my head to choose a side. which was not your side. Well, you

have chosen to champion the Revolution of 4.August 1983, at all costs, for

the purpose of establishing a new society in which justice for all is the
permanent creed of those who conceived that historic day. How could it be
otherwise for me, the man who attempted, during a certain era, to lead Upper Volta
along the very same track, which attempt soon ended up in failure for lack of
appropriate logistical means . . . The situation I am experiencing today

does not basically surprise me. In my opinion it is the result of a vast

number of precautions to be taken aimed at meeting objectives which for any
budding revolution require assurance of maximum security in order to radically
fire up and enhance the stature of the entire nation. That--I understand it
very well--requires temporarily imprisoning all former leaders, who are
potential leaders, whether they are opposed to this revolution or not.

CDR [Committee for the Defense of the Revolution] comrades of Bourkina Province:
it is in response to the opportunity afforded each person to climb onto the
Revolution bandwagon, even if that bandwagon is already in motion, that I

come today to speak to you with words full, as you can well imagine, of mean-
ingful emotion, and convinced that after having heard me out from beginning

to end you will agree to my being reintegrated in a trusted and activist
fashion into the great revolutionary family of Bourkina Province which saw

my birth and my growing up without ever offending anyone."

If I have been keen on providing you a general idea of what I intend to say, it
was by way of telling you after a fashion that the question you asked me

called for my giving you that introductory outline. But I must tell you as
well that time has also done its work, and I am in a position to answer any
specific question that you are led to ask me, because I knowingly and deeply
support the Revolution of 4 August 1983. Because basically it is bringing

us out of discredit, and that is what should have been done from the very start.

56



NIGERIA

ABUJA PURGES TO. BE FEWER THAN PLANNED
Kaduna’ THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY in English 15 Apr 84 pp 1, 14
[Article by Lindsay Barrett]

[Text] ABUJA--The long-awaited pronouncement on the purge of staff and other
matters in Abuja came as something of an anti-climas earlier this week when
the Minister of Federal Capital Territory, Major-General Mamman Jiya Vatsa held
a series of face-to-face meetings with the press. The announcement that only
275 people were to be affected by the present phase of: the purges elicited
surprise from some of the hournalists present at the minister's press confer-
ence on Tuesday morning.

In a pre-recorded appearance on the NTA Abuja progranimé Hot Seat on Tuesday
evening, General Vatsa was at pains to explain what he felt was the difference
between-"retrenchment" and disciplinary dismissal of staff. According to him
he has tried to avoid retrenching people on the general principle of redun-
dancy. He believed that the majority of the people working in the ministry
and its sub-units could be effectively re-deployed but those who have been
affected by the purge are those whose records showed gross acts of dishonesty,
or an inability to carry out their duties properly.

Gen. Vatsa was pressed on this issue very seriously both in his press confer-
ence and on television to the point where questions arose over the criteria of
selection used to decide who should be removed. Some questioners asserted that
there were accusations that members“of certain tribal groups were being per-
secuted in the exercise. Replying to this charge, the minister described such
allegations as "the whipping child" of Nigerians who are caught in such ex-
ercises because of their unsatisfactory performance... In the press conference
he grew slightly angry at the allegation to the point where he became personal
in his reply when he said: “I am from the North and my wife is from the South.
I can assure you that I have never used tribalism as a criterion for anything
that I do.

The television questioners also went to town on this issue. They wished to

know whether the minister's figures took into consideration the actual finan-
cial commitments, including outstanding debts, of the ministry.

39



Nhamatanda District
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 May 84 p 3

[Excerpts] To.settle the areas devastated by the armed bandits which have
now been recovered by the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM) in their military
offensive is the current concern of the political and administrative authori-
ties of Nhamatanda District, in Sofala Province. Hundreds of families
rescued from enemy captivity have already been rehabilitated, since January
of this year.

In statements made to our newspaper recently, the administrator of that
district, Daniel Salipe Jacob, said that the Nhamatanda plan calls for the
construction of communal villages in the southern part of the district,
primarily in the Mecuzi region; on sites where the rescued population is
starting to be concentrated.

The operations to receive the population have been conducted jointly by the
political and administrative entities, with the participation of the health
agency, which is giving special attention to children, most of whom appear
to be in an advanced state of marasmus.

The administrator of Nhamatanda commented: "We do not intend to abandon the
areas which were previously devastated by the armed bandits, because that
would mean turning over the countryside to depopulation and allowing the
enemy to regain its position."

In fact, as our reporter learned from the military stationed in Nhamatanda,
as the offensive advances, the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM), in coordi-
nation with the various district authorities, are encouraging security, so
that the region may become livable and may again produce the corn, mapira
and other products in which Nhamatanda is potentially rich.

At present, over 3,000 families rescued from the arméd bandits by the FAM-
FPLM during the course of the military offensive are concentrated in Nhama-
tanda District. During March and April alone, over 50 families were brought
to the district headquarters by the FAM-FPLM, and are now awaiting their
rehabilitation.

2909
CSO: 3442/373

27



Adds Obiora Moneke: The Kaduna state Ministry of Water Resources has purchased
a heavy weil drilling maciine to help in the fight against drought.

It will be used in probing the earth and sucking up water from far depths, as
water levels in Kaduna's major dams and rivers are said to have drastically
dropped, while. ordinary boreholes, wells and streams have dried up.

Austin Iyashere reporting from Ninna stated that about 4300 million was lost
to drought by peasant farmers in Niger state last year.

3

Hardest hit crops were rice, guinea corn and yams where crop failures between
50 per cent and 70 per cent were recorded in the northern parts of the state.
Livestock also suffered severely due to shortage of drinking water.

The State Commissioner for Agriculture, Alhaji. Nuhu Bawa, made these Yevela-. 7
tions at an interview. .

CSO: 3490/957

44



Any reader traveling along National Highway No 2, in the direction of Boane,
would certainly notice, on the left side, just beyond Matola, a cluster of
unfinished huts and field tents. From this still shapeless group of dwellings
the communal village of Campoane will come into existence in the near future;
and the party and government officials on the provincial levels intend to
create all the social conditions required for the rehabilitation of those who,
owing to the floods of the Umbeluzi River, had their homes and possessions
destroyed by the water.

Those conditions include, during a first phase, backing for the construction of
housing and social infrastructure, specifically, schools and health stations,
and wells for the water supply.

Governor Jose Moiane was informed by an official of the future communal village,
during his visit to the site: "The priority in the granting of plots of land

as well as building materials will go to the families that were left with
nothing because of the devastating effects of the water. Next will be the
families were were evacuated from the low areas of the river.”

In addition to these families, who currently number 250, according to the
same individual,there have been requests from several other families residing
in the cities of Maputo and Matola, to settle there.

The same source added: "At present, we have 30 requests for these facilities
which, for the time being, have been held in abeyance so that we can deal with
the first cases, which are the most urgent."

Covering a vast area, which is still in the phase of division into plots, the
future village will have a capacity to house many families. This fact was
attested to by Jose Moiane, who recommended to the district authorities the °
prompt construction of an elementary school, because there are several children
of school. age on the site.

132 Families in the 25 June Community

On the land adjoining the 25 June District, next to the enterprise of the
same name, 132 families have already been settled, most of whom now have
their own houses, although they are temporary.

During the visit paid by Governor Jose Moiane, the first secretary of the future
communal village explained that the houses are being built temporarily with
stakes and covered with thatch. “However, we have now started building
permanent houses, which will be of brick."

According to him, the construction work on housing has proceeded at a good

pace, and there are groups responsible for cutting stakes and other materials
for the construction per se, Our reporter also noted that the construction
of wells has already been started.



UPPER VOLTA

RECENT EVENTS IN COUNTRY DISCUSSED

Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 4,5,6 May 84 p 12
[Article by Passek-Taale in the colum "A Letter for Laye"]
[Text] Dear Wambi,

", , , Lord I am tired . .. and the hill is very high that leads to their
school. Make it, Lord, so I don't go there any more.”

For the first of May, some people expected the former minister of civil
service and labor, Mr Alexandre Zoungrana, to make amends to the Trade

Union Center as the second session of the Bobo Dioulasso TPR [People's

Revolutionary Tribunal/had suggested to him. As you must have learned,

that show did not take place, and for good reason...

On the previous day some trade union members are said to have gone to the
residence of the individual in question "to refresh his memory."

The gist of what Mr Zoungrana is then said to have stated is that he would
not go to the Trade Union Center. First, because it was advice the Bobo
Dioulasso TPR had given him and should be understood as such, and therefore
not be confused with a sentence. Next, because he had had no guarantee

of his safety. And finally, because he felt that if there was self-criticism
to be made, it should be total, that is by the whole CMRPN [Military Committee
of Recovery for National Progress] including its steering committee.

However, dear cousin, I do not know whether there exists a cause-and-effect
relationship between Mr Zoungrana's refusal to go to his Canossa and his
being moved out of the Civil Service Ministry as of the next day, or if that
measure was written in heaven and hence inevitable before God.

63



dollars are dropping from him. Also practically everywhere in the Third
World the language of the time was resolutely anti-American, anti-Western,
and consistently opposed to imperialism, capitalism, colonialism and other
"igm's" portrayed as the enemies of mankind. "Victory to the masses!"

But history ws produce change, and once again it was to produce change
without consulting the partiés concerned. In 1974 a military coup in Addis
Ababa swept out the tottering government of the old emperor, undermined

by the latter's own weaknesses and by the appalling drought which, it will be
recalled, struck the whole area of Africa south of the Sahara in 1973.

It was also undermined by the Eritrean war. Among the demands of mutinous
Ethiopian soldiers were, of course, the demand not to polish their officers!
shoes’any more, and also the demand to no longer have to risk dying far from
their homes, on foreign soil and without burial . . . The head of the new
goverment in Addis Ababa, Colonel Mengistu, opted for revolution and the
left. :-Faced with this new possible ally, the Soviets did not hesitate long.
They dropped their friends in Eritrea, and also in Somalia where they were
strongly established, in order to really play the Addis Ababa card.

The Eritreans did not give up. In fact, they liberated two-thirds of their
land. They took Keren, and they surrounded the capital, Asmara, and the main
port, Massawa. Everywhere the demoralized and poorly equipped Ethiopian
Army retreated and shut itself up in its camps. It was autumn of 1977.

Then an historic event occurred which undoubtedly no author of political
fiction could have thought up. Eritreans from the different resistance move-
ments and Ethiopian officials were summoned together to East Berlin. East
Germany's boss, Mr Honecker, made known to them that he had been mandated by
all the countries in the Soviet orbit, mentioning the USSR and Cuba by name,
to put an end to the conflict. At the same time, the Eritreans were advised
to go back under the aegis of Addis Ababa. Otherwise "not even the shadow
of a tree will remain to protect you." These talks lasted months, the whole
time in East Berlin.

But the Ethiopians maintained their stand of being opposed to any form of
independence. Revolutionary Colonel Mengistu did not want to or was not able
to.appear less imperial than the old man he had had killed . . .And while
these interminable Marxist discussions were going on, the USSR was rearming
the Ethiopian Army on a massive scale with the most up-to-date and terrifying
equipment including chemical shells. The USSR was sending thousands of
Nadvisers"--Cubans, East Germans, and Soviets per se, including a goodly
number of generals. From that time on, guns were to do the talking. The
fighters of the EPLF had been duped and betrayed. They had to give up a

lot of territory and practically all the towns they had captured, and they
took refuge in their Sahel area hideout. Plus, in order to survive, the
mountains. The mountains and the nighttime.



This latter activity involves not only the political instructors, from the
Armed Forces of Mozambique/FPLM, but also the party entities in some sections
of Chibabava District, outstanding among which, among others, are the dynamiz-
ing groups in that part of Sofala Province.

2909
CSO: 3442/375

17



UPPER VOLTA

YAMEOGO MAKES SELF-CRITICISM, DISCUSSES KI-ZERBO ACTIVITIES
Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 19 Mar 84 pp 7,8,9,12

[First installment of interview with Maurice Yameogo, former president of
Upper Volta, by Ouatamou Lamien, in Bourkina Province, 17 Mar 84]

[Text] First it was announced on National Radio on
17 March 1983 [as published] at noon. Then the news
spread like wildfire and was on everyone's lips:
"Maurice Yameogo is going to speak at 2000." And
2000 came. After the radio's first evening news, it
invited the audience to listen to an interview by
National Radio's director general, Ouatamou Lamien,
with the Republic of Upper Volta's first president
who is in internment in Po. Given the length of the
interview, which we have transcribed, we are publish-
ing only one part of it today.

[Question] Do you mind if I call you Mr President, inasmuch as you were
the top political leader on the national level after the start of the 1960's
and even well before then.

So, I will allow myself to call you Mr President. We are going to have

this discussion, which will perhaps last quite some time, in order to avail
ourselves of the opportunity to profit from your experience as chief of state
and also from your experience as a man who during a certain time has remained
outside historical developments in Upper Volta and who has, therefore, been
able to. follow developments in our country's history. And nowadays you are
in Po in circumstances which people are generally aware of, and I think that
you have pondered a great deal over the history of our country. It is in
that context that we want to start our discussion, and the first question
that arises is: how do you assess the 4 August Revolution experience? .It
has already been a number of months since 4 August, and you have been able to
follow things. How do you assess this experience that is being led by the
young men who want to give our country back some confidence and honor?

54



UPPER VOLTA

JAPANESE ASSISTANCE TO COUNTRY DISCUSSED

Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 16,17,18 Mar 84 pp 10,11

[Article by Passek-Taale in the column "A Letter for Laye"]

[Excerpt] -Dear Wambi,

Something appalling has happened to me. I will talk to you about it presently.
In any event, that has reminded me of what Sacha Guitry said: "When you lend
10,000 francs to a friend, you lose 10,000 francs and . . . a friend."

No harm done. Let's move on.

Some documents having to do with the financing of a project for increasing
food crop production in Upper Volta were signed last Friday in Ouagadougou.

According to the communique issued at the end of the signing ceremony, Japan
is making available to Upper Volta in grant form a financial package of

200 million yen (about 280 million CFA francs) for the purchase and delivery
of approximately 2000 tons of urea.

The commmique adds that the Japanese grant is aimed at encouraging and
increasing potential food crop production in Upper Volta, and it represents
Japan's sixth aid intervention in Upper Volta.

According to the communique, this grant brings the sum total of Japan's assis-
tance to Upper Volta up to 2,447 million yen (3,424 million CFA francs).

The documents were signed for Upper Volta by the interim foreign affairs

minister, Interior Minister Ernest Ouedraogo, and for Japan by its ambassador
in Upper Volta, Mr Joshi Kazu Suguitani.

é1



In Nigeria it is less easy to make any sharp rpotests, though retired Gen.
Ibrahim Haruna has vehemently attacked the harsh penalties laid down in

the decree. The general who is retired, now heads a legal practice in Kaduna:
he was recently tipped as next ligh Commissioner to Britain. The journalist
who published the suggestion, Tunde Thompson of the Lagos-based Guardian, was
then arrested. The Nigerian press--including that owned by the federal Mili
tary Government--has become much more critical of the Buhari administration
since the apparently inconsistent application of the new press laws. The
military have been remarkably clumsy in handling the media, considering the
influence which newspapers have witi the Uigerian public, and the worsening
image of the leadership in Lagos which journalists ‘still manage”to convey,
despite the restrictions.

A further costly blunder was the SMC's refusal to recognise another powerful
pressure group, the National Association.of Nigerian Students (NAUS)i: Minis- >:
ter of Education, science and technology, Ibrahim Abdullahi, maintains that
student associations were outlawed by the military government which preceded
the Shagari administration, and told.a.delegation of the union which wanted

to discuss the re~introduction of school fees that "as far as this. adminis-' ‘«
tration is concerned, yours is an off-shoot of the banned MANS."

Less publicised but perhaps even more damaging. to Buhari's security is the
current drive to clean up the army and check defence contracts, Brig. Nassarawa,
the Adjutant-General, (with the additional title of Custodian of Discipline)
has instructed military finance officers to devise a uniform system of payment
and allowances. (Hany officers rely on allowances more than on their pay).

An investigation into building contracts awarded by the. armed forces and the’
ministry of defence since October 1979 was set up by defence minister Gen.

Bali. It started work at the beginning of April,.and is to submit at least:

an interim report before next month's budget. The investigation panel is headed
by the permanent secretary in the ministry of defence, S. A. Ehizuelen, and

has been charged with listing the contracts and the degree of their completion,
reviewing major projects not yet completed, and apportioning blame and recom-
mending penalties where work is judged to be shoddy or. in. case of financial
discrepancies. Some members of.the army feel that.-this is a political witch-
hunt, though there is undoubtedly plenty of cause for the investigation.

CSO: 3400/996


NIGERIA

BUHARI URGES CHURCHES TO EXPOSE 'WEALTI' LAW VIOLATORS
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 7 May 84 p 24

[Text]. CHURCHES and other: religious bodies must expose’ people who want to hide
under: their..cloaks to preserve their ill-gotten wealth.

a
The Head: of State, Major-General Muhanmadu Buhari, threw this challenge to all
religious organisations in the country at the week-end.

General Buhari said all churches and religious bodies must carry out a house-
cleaning exercise;' “as a first step in re-installing ‘the essential role of
ethics in every aspect of our lives. "

The«charge was contained in his goodwill x méssagée to the opening of a symposi-
um on "Christian Work [thics; Opportunities for application to business" held
at the Presbyterian Church, Yaba.

He declared “all bad eggs who used the religious bodies to cover their ill-
gotten wealth should be exposed."

General Buhari expressed regret that rather than use business to raise indus—
trial manufacturing, manpower and technological experts in the country, it was
being utilised to steal government money, embezzle contract fees, smuggle
contraband and siphon the ‘country's wealth to foreign bank accounts.

“Business has become an avenue to get rich quick" he added.

The Head of State contended that if all christian businessmen and their
contemporaries in other religions had the fear of God and conducted their
business in the true spirit of their religious injunctions, "all our business
woes and other sharp business practices would vanish from the life-styles of
Nigerians."

The address was read by Dr. Ndidi Chibogu, an assistant director in the tinis-
try of Information, Social Development, Youth, Sports and Culture on behalf
of the minister who was to have delivered the message.

In a keynote address, Mr. Kanu Oji, a member of the association that organised
the symposium, called for the establishment of a national institute of profes-
sional ethics. He said that such an institute should be mandated to ensure that
professional bodies operated in accordance with the ethics of their professions.

CSO: 3400/957
35



5 'MALTATSINE BEHEADINGS'--AT LEAST five people have been beheaded in Bauchi
by people suspected to be followers of the banned Maitatsine religious sect.
Three bodies were picked up last week Thursday, at the Railway quarters while
two headless bodies were recovered by the police early Friday morning at Kofar
Ran, opposite the Triumph Office in Bauchi. Speculations are rife that the
Maitatsine followers, who are on the run from Yola, will strike at Bauchi
anytime from now. There were strong fears they might strike today. Mean-
while, the Nigerian Police has intensified night and day patrols to round up
all suspects. Already 100 suspects mainly aliens, have been arrested by the
police. Police sources declined to confirm whether they suspect any
religious fanaticism in the recent spate of killings. This reporter was
simply told investigation was going on. Following this development, fear has
ripped the entire civilian population of Bauchi. Last Friday morning, I
noticed a frantic rush at the various motor parks as many families were seen
sending their children to various locations in and outside the state. [By
Ocapa Ogenyi] [Text] [Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 25 Mar 84 p 1]

‘GHOST’ PROJECTS IN BENUE~-How was the sum of 41,264,103m spent by the former
civilian regime in Benue State for a project that never took off? This is the
question that the new military administration in the state is trying to find
an answer to in its on-going clean-up exercise to recover ill-gotten wealth
from the ousted politicians. Investigations revealed that the Benue state
Commissioner for Trade and Industry in the defunct civilian government with-
drew public money in the anme of some 'ghost' projects that were not in exis-
tence or at least had no physical evidence of existence. One of such projects
is the #21m Benue Asbestos Company which did not exist but for which over

Him was withdrawn by some government officials in the company's name. [By
Samson Namo] [xcerpt] [Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 25 Mar 84 p 1]

csO: 3400/966



Nkomati Accord, the youth of Mozambique will also have to heighten their
vigilance, so as to prevent the bandits' infiltration among members of the
populace.

Rebuilding of Infrastructures

With regard to the goals of the volunteer work and the manner of its execution,
Zacarias Kupela said that brigades from the Mozambique Youth Organization would
participate in rebuilding the infrastructures destroyed by the armed bandits,
and would cooperate in the shipping of equipment, medicines and other materials,
particularly to areaswith difficult access. Other brigades will collect cigar-
rettes, books, ball-point pens, notebooks and other items of use to our armed
forces.

According to Zacarias Kupela, also in the area of volunteer work, the youth
have expressed their availability and he cited the example of Sofala, whose
youth offered to rebuild Maringue, and that of Manica, where the local youth
are taking part in the rebuilding of the communal villages destroyed by the
armed bandits, in the district of Sussundenga.

Kupela continued: "Furthermore, every base organ will have a concrete task 1 to
perform in this specific area." ‘

The cultural.and recreational program calls for an organization for get~
togethers with the armed forces, and. Kupela noted that some groups will be
going to the country's different provinces as.early as this month. He also
said that the youth who distinguished themselves in the battle against the
armed bandits would be introduced publicly, and that organizational activities
are currently under way to attain that goal.

In the area of socialist emulation, the various educational institutions in

the country will compete with one another, to select the school which has the
best educational achievement, and the school which is the cleanest, and best
decorated and has the best garden, in a process wherein skills will be revealed.

2909
CSO: 3442/375

23



UGANDA

BRIEFS

ACCUSATION OF STARVING PRISONERS--TIwo Democratic Party officials who have been
held in Rubongi for the last month or so are being starved to death, according
to a press release issued by the National Publicity Secretary of the Demo~
cratic Party Hon. Ojok-Mulozi. According to the release, one of the three
prisons who were still being held was released recently. We was named as
Fabian Ouma while those still held under black diet were named as Joseph Wabwire
and Paul Mangeni. It will be recalled that eight D.P. leaders of Tororo

South were arrested on 17/3/84 by police on the instigation of the UPC lead~
ership in the area and transferred to Rubongi Barracks (Tororo) where they were
detained. Five of them were released shortly afterwards. The Democratic
Party apart from informing the government, police, and military authorities
about these false detentions, issued two earlier Press releases, to expose a
typical case of how many Ugandans find themselves in torture places. [Text]
[Kampala MUNNANSI in English 12 Apr 84 p 16]

TOURISM PROGRAN--THE Acting Senior Public Relations Officer of Uganda Airlines
corporation, Mr J. L. Bigirwa said yesterday in Kampala that the corporation
had.recently launched "an organised holiday tour programme” aimed at boosting
tourism in the country. [Excerpt] [Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 4 May 84
p 8]

cso: 3400/987

53



An interministerial consultation meeting between Mali and Upper Volta has
been taking place since Monday in Mopti, in the south central part of Mali.

According to Radio Mali, the consultation's goal is to strengthen the ties
"of friendship and cooperation” between our country and Mali.

On Wednesday evening the Ivorian minister of national education and scientific
research, Mr Balla Keita, delivered a message from Ivory Coast President
Houphouet Boigny to the CNR [National Council of the Revolution] chairman

and chief of state, Capt Thomas Sankara. Mr Keita was granted an audience

by the chief of state, and on leaving he stated, "[words missing] stay in

our country in the context of the first regular ministerial conference of’

the CAMES [African and Malagasy Council on Higher Education] member countries."

Mr Keita stated that the message dealt with the strengthening of the ties of
friendship linking Ivory Coast and Upper Volta. He also added that Ivory
Coast does not interfere in the internal affairs of other states, so it does

not wish ‘for interference in its own. For that reason it cannot serve as
a base for aggression against the Upper Voltan revolution or any other

country ...-
Such is life.

See you.

Your cousin Passek-Taale.

9631
CSO: 3419/648

62



Self-Defense Courses Under Way in Various Districts
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 May 84)...ccceccccccvevcccecececs

Youths Participate in Gondola Agricultural Production
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 May 84)..ccccccsccccccccecccceres

OJM Secretary General on Various Programs Initiated
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 May 84). ..cccccccccccccccccccccee

New Communal Villages for Bandit, Flood Victims in Various Districts

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE,.8 May 84; NOTICIAS, 5, 11 May 84)..

Chibabava Districts
Boane Area, Maputo Province
Nhamatanda District

NIGERIA

Further Analysis of Post-Coup Situation Provided
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, No 9, 25 Apr 84)..... tee e eee eeneee

Bank Officials Arrested for New Currency Deals
(DAILY TIMES, 3, 4 May 84).....06

Rivers State
Lagos Bankers

Problems Between Religions, Fear of Islam Noted
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, No 9, 25 Apr 84)....eeeeee

Buhari Urges Churches To Expose 'Wealth' Law Violators
(DAILY TIMES, 7 May 84)..ccccccccccccccccccccccvcvcceceees

Only 4 States Reportedly Pay Students’ Fees Abroad
(Chris Ayaeze; DAILY TIMES, 3 May 84)...ccccccccccccsccvcee

Federal Government Plans 10-Point Revival Package
(DAILY TIMES, 7 Apr 84)..ccccccccccccccccccccscvccsscccees

Abuja Purges To Be Fewer Than Planned
(Lindsay Barrett; THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY, 15 Apr 84).........

Textile Industry Faces Bleak Future
(Dapo Ajibola; BUSINESS TIMES, 7 May 84)..........065 seco

Steps To Counter Impact of Drought
(THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY, 15 Apr 84)...ccscccccccsvccccceccece

Drought Reportedly Caused Crop Losses
(DAILY TIMES, 20 Apr 84)..cccecccccccccccccccceccccccsvene

Scarcity of Cement Called Cause of Rise in Prices
(DAILY STAR, 21 Apr 84)...

ec c ee ecceee

-b-

20

21

22

24

28

31

33

35

36

37

39

41

42

45

46



NIGERIA

STEPS TO COUNTER IMPACT OF DROUGHT
Kaduna THE DIEOCRAT WEEKLY in English 15 Apr 64 pp’ 1; 14

[Text] ANY states, especially in the northern parts of the country, have
embarked on intensive measures to check the menace of drought and its ‘ravag-
ing effects on agriculture this farming season.

Some of the effected states have launched appeal funds ‘to finance their anti-
drought efforts; some are increasing the use of fertilizers and presticides
to improve crop production while others have sought expert aid from within
and outside the country to tackle the scourge.

One of the worst-hit states, Kano, will soon distribute ‘large quantities of
improved seeds to farmers. These species which mature earlier than the con-
ventional type are known to survive harsh weather conditions such as the dry-
ness caused by drought.

Our correspondent Shehu Dauda reports that as part of the effort to check the
effects of drought government has embarked on a wide campaign to make farmers
plant as wearly as possible, particularly during the first rains of the season.

An official of the state Ministry of Agriculture said that desert encroachmen
is being vigorously checked through systematic afforestation. At the same
time, the government plans to establish large demonstration farms to encour-
age rural farmers.

The war against drought is spear~headed by three separate government agencies
working in concert. These are the Hadejia~Jamaare River Basin Development
Authority; Kano State Agricultural Development Project and State Ministry

of Agriculture.

From Maiduguri, Ibrahim Musa Biu writes: The Borno State Commissioner for
Agriculture, Malam Mahmood Lawan says that despite the losses suffered by
the state as a result of drought during the last planting season, the state
government is unable to do anything at present to alleviate the sufferings
of affected farmers.

According to Malam Mahmood, the major hitch is lack of funds with which to

provide supplementary feeds for animals, fertilizers and seeds and repair
tractors in preparation for the rainy season.

42



General Vasta's then indicated that a total of some 4200 million was owed to
contractors up to the period ending December 31, 1983, and that these debts
were being scrutinised to ensure that only genuine claims were paid.

General Vasta's press conference generated some heated comments from the
pressmen on the question of the purges in spite of the minister's recurrent
instistence that he had closed the issue. ‘This persistence on the part of the
press finally led to the minister's revealing some tantalising details of the
methods used in carrying out the exercise. According to General Vatsa after
various allegations were raised by a committee made up of officers who had
never served in Abuja some of the affected people were called in private and
actually brought face-to-face with their accusers. It was only after a
thorough and cautious scrutiny of the final reports based on this exercise,
General Vatsa said, that the drastically reduced list which had originally
included over 500 names was approved for action. a

CSO: 3400/957



ZIMBABWE

TRADE MINISTER ON NEED FOR GOVERNMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR DIALOGUE
Harare ‘THE HERALD in English 17 May 84 p 1
[Article by Lynda Loxton]

{Text] VICTORIA FALLS. THE Minister of Trade and Commerce, Cde Richard Hove,
yesterday sharply rebuked "misdirected" members of the private sector who
blamed Zimbabwe's economic ills on the Government's socialist policies.

Opening the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce's annual business forum
here, Cde Hove said the main point of conflict between the Government and the
private sector was that “you as members of the private sector tend to look at
things from a purely economic point of view based on economic self-interest and
the need to increase profits, whereas Government tries to find a balance
between economic, political and social considerations".

He said businessmen frequently referred to increased State controls and the
private sector "erroneously" argued that "left to their own devices, free
market forces were best suited to achieve growth with equity".

"Where are their genuinely free market forces in operation? Where are their
market situations nowadays which are not either distorted and/or influenced
by economic, social and other currents?" asked Cde Hove.

The controls that attracted the most criticism included import, price and com-
mercial rent controls.

Cde Hove pointed out that import controls had been and would continue to be
necessary for balance of payments reasons although every effort was made to
ensure that normal economic life was disrupted as little as possible and that
levels of employment were not adversely affected.

For reasons largely outside the control of Government, sizeable reductions
in foreign exchange allocations had been necessary and a “high degree of co-
operation and careful planning between the public and private sectors ‘was
necessary’ if we are to get through this difficult period successfully”.

“Regrettably, however, when Government takes harsh but prudent measures to
direct the allocation of foreign currency or to curtail the drain of foreign
currency, it is saddled with misdirected accusations from the private sector
of economic mismanagement.

65



GHANA

DAILIES MARK 21ST ANNIVERSARY OF OAU
AB252119 Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 25 May 84

[From the press review]

[Excerpt] Today marks the 21st anniversary of the founding of the OAU and in
an editorial headed "Africa Is for Africans" the PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC notes
that although the struggle for total African independence has been bitter and
long the continent is truly witnessing the breaking down of the last vestiges
of imperialism, colonialism and neocolonialism. ‘The paper reminds Africans
that the stage reached is the hardest with the racist minority regime of
South Africa resorting to other tricks such as the signing of accords with
some frontline states, which are ostensibly meant to halt the armed struggle
in southern Africa, For this reason Africa must not be deceived into thinking
that the apartheid regime will relieve its hold on Namibia and give equal
status to blacks.

In the opinion of the GRAPHIC, what African countries should do is rally behind
SWAPO and the ANC, the two nationalist movements which are leading the fight for
black majority rule in South Africa and independence of Namibia, to deal a final
blow to apartheid. It stresses that peace as a precondition to development can
only be assured in the face of the atrocities of a recalcitrant enemy such as
South Africa through the intensification of the armed struggle. The paper
therefore calls on all independent African states to continue to give full
political, diplomatic, financial, and material support to the recognized
liberation movements in southern Africa. Finally the GRAPHIC asks African
states to remember that neocolonialism is still alive, Chad and Western Sahara
are two clear examples which demand the united front to resist and defeat

this other (?specter) of doom. Africa is and must be for Africans and it is
only Africans who can make this come true.

cso: 3400/1007

10



Opposing the motion, the Opposition Chief Whip, Mr Ojok Mulozi argued that the
motion had been too much rushed through.

This, he said, was a good sign from the Tanzanian Parliament, despite the fact
that there was no parliament in Uganda then.

The gesture of Tanzanian Parliament, he added, made it possible for parliament
to exist again in Uganda.

Parliament has been adjourned indefinitely.

cso: 3400/9867

52



mean political officials such as Ki-Zerbo--he is abroad at present--, who are
accused of carrying out a certain number of activities for the purpose of
jeopardizing what the CNR intends to do nowadays. Well, you know the man;
does this surprise you?

[Answer] It doesn't surprise me at all that Ki-Zerbo is abroad. Because all
you have to do is observe that at the time of each coup d'etat which has taken
place in Upper Volta he has always been outside the country, but with one foot
back inside, while he waits for everything to be all over so he can come back
and get his slice of the cake. But this time it is much more serious because,
knowing Ki-Zerbo as I know him, his need to make a conquest of the government
is so deeply fixed in his head that he is capable of anything. But he is not
able to do anything; I know him. He is currently outside the country, and
what he is is a big talker. But people who can do worthwhile work and can
question this or that stand of the CNR should not be outside the country.

They should be here, in order for dialogue to get underway in a loyal, brotherly,
and revolutionary fashion between the leaders of the moment and all revolution-
aries who agree to follow their program. But the fact that Joseph Ki-Zerbo
has gone outside the country is not high-minded; it is suspect. Not only

is it suspect, but also it is unworthy of a fine gentleman like him who says

he is professor of history and geography. Besides, look--as an illustration
I'm going to tell you soriething that many people do not know.

If Ki-Zerbo really wanted to expend his intellectual energies in the interest
of Upper Volta .°. . what about when he was the first African Educational
District Inspector appointed by me. Instead of devoting himself to that
task, he set about recruiting personnel for the MLN [National Liberation
Movement] of that time. That was all the work he did . . . At a certain point
I gave him the responsibility of writing an overall history of Africa.

Months and months passed, and his minister at the time--it was Tamini, I
believe--whom I had asked the status of it, had Ki-Zerbo come to a cabinet
meeting to explain. Ki-Zerbo said to me: "No, I don't want any suspicions
like that . . . the money came to my account; it's still there... .". He
thought I suspected him of having embezzled the money he had been given.

In 1963 when I carried out my ministerial reshuffle--Consider this well!

This is something people don't know, even the people in his circle don't know
it, and it shows his bad faith.--I called him and I told him: "Come into the
government. I'll offer you the office of minister of state in charge of min-
isterial coordination. Being in the middle of things you will show what you're
capable of." He asked me for three days to think it over. Meanwhile, he
sent somebody else to tell me that after reflection "he preferred to wait; it
was not the right time." I subsequently understood that in his intimate
circle the people were not officially informed about this, and he was said to
have stated that the fruit was sufficiently ripe to fall by itself. This was
1963. The fruit ripened so much that it has become green, for he waited

58



during the meeting, the Ghana branch of Amnesty International should have
a lot to send to its headquarters because the organization has been at fault
in judging the revolutionary process in the country.

The TIMES is of the opinion that either by design or as a reflection of its
general absurdity of looking at the concept of human rights, the organization's
attitude toward the revolutionary process has been (?lodged) with prejudices.
Amnesty has been concerned only about the have's and not the have not's. ‘The
paper points out that the procedures and other factors prejudicial to the
administration of justice, which (?cut) heavily against the ordinary man, still
persists in the conduct of the normal courts. These shortcomings have been
exposed by the positive differences between the courts and the tribunals.
However, says the paper, Amnesty International is yet to point out the contrast
between the tribunals and the normal courts. Amnes ty's (?perforced) concern
for human rights, which is opposed to the death sentence, and fate of people
facing trial or convicted without thinking of the harm suffered by the victims
is difficult to understand. The Ghana branch of the organization is aware of
the revolutionary process and does not need to be on the defensive over human
rights.

CsO: 3400/1007



JPRS-SSA-84-067

11 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

ETHIOPIA

Eritrean Front Operations, Existence Detailed

(Jean-Francois Deniau; LE FIGARO MAGAZINE, 12 May 84)..... 1
GHANA
Dailies Mark 21st Anniversary of OAU
(Accra Domestic Service, 25 May 84).......eeeeeeees seeeeee 10
Amnesty International Meeting Held in Accra
(Accra Domestic Service, 27, 28 May 84) wececceeeeee il
Attorney General Addresses Meeting
Newspapers on Organization's Position
MALAWI
Japan To Provide Aid for Agricultural Production
(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 4 Apr 84). .scceccccaccecvcrecvece 13
Fabric Manufacture 14
Solar Heater Manufacture 14
New Sugar Export Route 14
MOZAMBIQUE
FPLMTakes Action Against Bandits in Chibabava
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 4 May 84)...ccccccccscvccccceccvers 15
Cahora Bassa Energy To Reach Gaza Province by June
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 5 May 84).sccoeccccccccvcvversceees 18
Provincial Industry Administrator on Gaza Fishing Industry
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 5 May 84). ..cecscecccccvcccccececer 19
-a- {III - NE & A ~ 120]



NIGERIA

PROBLEMS BETWEEN RELIGIONS, FEAR OF ISLAM NOTED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL’ in English No 9, 25 Apr 84 p 7

[Text] NIGERIA: FAVOURED MUSLIMS. The recent decision by the Supreme Mili-
tary Council to allow Muslims making the Haj to Mecca to take 800 Naira, has
prompted a lot of criticism, not least from within the ranks of the armed
forces. All other ‘citizens are allowed only 100 Naira for foreign travel.

Non“Muslims have recently been alienated in a number of ways: the SMC abol-
ished Easter Monday as a public holiday (Shagari's administration first ,pro-
poséd the’ idéa) only to reinstate it after considerable pressure; there are
moves afoot to restrict the consumption of alcohol; Islamic missions have
been sent to purely Christian areas such as Anambra State; and attempts have
been made to impose Muslim standards on non-religious institutions. For in-
stance the Students Union of Sokoto University has been pressured by the
university's Muslim Society to ban drinking and mixed-sex functions and
entertainments. Nigeria, and even Sokoto, are secular-~at least on paper.

Southern fear of growing Northern/Islamic domination is perceived in the
difference in the treatment of ex-President Shagari and former vice-president
Alex Ekueme, Shagari, a Hausa-Fulani, has been held in comfortable house
arrest; Ekwueme, an Ibo, had been in prison. There is great interest now in
the handling of their cases by the military tribunals which have already been
sworn in. Both will be tried in Lagos--but in camera, according to Brig. Paul
Ufuoma Omu, chairman of the Lagos-zone tribunal. Indeed, all the tribunals
are likely to be held in camera. In view of the massive corruption of which
the former politicians are said to be guilty, the lack of openness is bound
to be widely resented.

There is also criticism of decree No. 3--Recovery of Public Property (Special
Military Tribunals)--on legal grounds. The SMC will act as a sort of higher
court, which will have to vet all tribunal decisions. The chairman of each
tribunal will be a military man, though judges have been appointed as ordinary
members. The whole procedure is so questionable that it has created sympathy
for the accused even among long-standing enemies of the Shagari administration.
In London; a group calling itself Friends of Nigeria's Progressive Leftists,
UK Chapter, has issued a strong condemnation of the decree.

33



MOZAMBIQUE

YOUTHS PARTICIPATE IN GONDOLA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 May 84 p 2

[Text] For the 1984-85 harvest, which is approaching, the OJM [Mozambique
Youth Organization] in Gondola, headquarters of the Chimoio District, has
already cleared an area of 15 hectares to be used to grow corn. Everyone
knows’ that the land was supposed to have been worked on during the current
agricultural campaign, but this was impossible because of the shortage of
fuel for the plowing.

According to a source from that organization, the same thing will not occur
during this season, because the proper authorization has now been received
to purchase fuel, as well as seed to be used for agriculture.

Concurrently, the OJM has a collective farm over an area of half a hectare,
occupied by manioc planters.

Plans also call for the raising of small-sized animals, consisting of ducks
during the first phase, with other species introduced later.

At the base, or more specifically in communal villages and districts, the
respective secretariats have also started agricultural production which, in
two communities,has resulted in the opening of collective corn farms the
crop from which is currently being harvested.

All these activities, both by the district secretariat and that of the base,
are aimed at raising funds for the OJM, by marketing the results accrued from
production; and at the same time they are part of the implementation of one of
the decisions of the Congress, to combat hunger.

Also on that production site in Manica, the young people have rendered assis-
tance to the agricultural enterprises working on the hoeing and harvesting of
corn,

Another activity that is under way is the motivation of the group to

make bricks for the construction and improvement of the villagers’ residential
dwellings.

2909

cso: 3442/375

21



NOTE

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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe. Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



NIGERIA

DROUGHT REPORTEDLY CAUSED CROP LOSSES
Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 30 Apr 84 p 11

[Text] NIGERIA's northern states, which lie on the fringes of the Sahel re-
gion, have suffered devastating crop-losses due to drought, a report by the
government's meteorological office says.

The report, made available to REUTERS, said some crops like rice were wiped
out while cash crops like cotton and groundnuts yielded less than 20 per
cent of the expected crop.

The losses are expected to run into hundreds of millions of kwacha following
the drought which struck last year when the rains arrived late and ended early
when crops were ripening.

The report did not include details of losses of animal herds but said the lack
of water and fodder for the important cattle herds of the north had made deep
inroads.

It sais that in the northeastern states of Borno, Gongola and parts of Bauchi,
the 1983/84 rice crop produced no grain at all, leaving only straw to be har-
vested.

Some 85 per cent of the maize crop, 95 per cent of groundnuts and millet, 75
per cent of the sorghum crop and 50 per cent of vegetables were lost to the
drought. —

The important cotton crop, around which a significant textile industry has
grown up in Nigeria, produced only 15 per cent of the expected yield.--REUTER

cso: 3400/996

45



change, it was expected that at least those who had been dismissed would
similarly be eased out of the UNC politburo and central committee. Nothing
happened.

The next crucial event in the decline of Biya's stature was the 18 November
1983 constitutional reform which allowed challengers in presidential elec-
tions. But the conditions of candidature made it practically impossible for
an incumbent president to be challenged successfully: candidates have to
get'500 signatures from the ranks of certain key public servants - all of
whom are chosen by the party and government, and are hence mostly loyal to
the president.

It was then hoped that his formal "election" as president would result in a
radical. change of cabinet and other key government and party postings. The
ousting of “the Ahidjo oligarchy and its replacement by well-known, competent
figures‘ working in the national interest, was widely considered a prerequisite.
In, faet several ministers and senior functionaries from the previous regime
remained in office. In March this year some of them appeared before the mili-
tary ‘tribunal in Yaounde. Quite obviously they had links, direct and indirect,
with ‘the plan to destabilise Biya. Those primarily accused by the government
and the Yaounde tribunal were Ahidjo and his two closest colleagues, the
former: prime minister M'Bello Boura Miagari, and former minister -of defence,
Abddulaye Maikano. Partly because few details about specific charges were
made public, the affair was soon seen as a crude attempt to settle scores be-
tween the warring north-south factions. ‘Thus, for example, thé present minis-
ter of planning, Youssoufa Daouda, who had been accused of complicity in _anti-
Biya plots, was not among those in front of the tribunal.

Throughout the last seven months Biya has found it increasingly hard to define
his objectives. There were many signs of strain: systematic police searches,
the difficulty of getting exit visas, and for example the banning of some
foreign journals. It also became apparent that a powerful group of the politi-
cal class was opposed to any significant change in the running of the country.
Composed of those from the south and centre of the country, this lobby ‘is group-
ed around Biya's wife and includes Gen. Semengue, Philippe Mataga, Biya's
cabinet director, Mbarga Nguele, the deputy cabinet director whose prime
function is to keep an eye on the secret service (Direction de Documentation) ,
and Henri Ombwa Damas, a businessman with close connections with the Biya
family. To some extent the group is responsible for the paralysis of govern-
ment prior to the coup attempt.

One of the amin questions arising from the coup attempt is why the Garde
Republicaine (the presidential guard) failed to oust the government. Then
there are doubts about the extent ‘of involvement in the coup attempt by the
police and the secret service, both of which were well looked after by Ahidjo.
We understand that if the coup had succeeded, the director general of the
Fonds National du Development Rural, Issa Adoum, was to have become head of
state on the understanding that he would have brought into government a lot
of young political aspirants representing most ethnic groups in the country.

29



--Basic Travel Allowance has been reduced to #100 as a short-term means of
checking its abuse and improving upon the country's balance of payments
position.

The iinistry of Internal Affairs is taking urgent steps to combat the menace
of multiple passports.

Ho foreign exchange will be made available to any new student who intends to
study abroad. However, genuine students who have previously been granted
foreign exchange to start their courses will be allowed to receive foreign
exchange to complete their studies provided that their applications are ac-
companied with adequate documentation including an authentic letter from a
Migerian embassy high commission in the country in which the student is
studying confirming that the student is in a recognised educational institu-....
tion.

& :
--Foreign exchange will be made available for postgraduate courses on sponsor-
ship by government etc. provided such courses are not obtainable in Nigerian
universities. nt

--In view of the envisaged increase in the burden of external debt servicing in
1984, additional borrowing beyond what is needed to pay existing arrears of
foreign debts will not be undertaken until a substantial increase in -the
country's balance of payments is achieved. .

--The economy will be diversified to reduce overdependence on petroleum as the:
main source of foreign exchange and government revenue. The export potential
of agriculture, liquified material gas, petro-chemicals . and iron and steel ,

will be exploited.

--Local industries will be revived. Adequate attention will be given to indus-
trial raw materials in allocating available foreign exchange. Import licences
have been issued on an emergency. basis to companies with facilities for, and
experience of, distribution on a nationwide basis for essential raw materials
which are urgently needed.

--Incentives to encourage the utilisation of local inputs will be granted to
local and foreign investors to stimulate industrial development.

--Industrial joint ventures will be encouraged.

CSO: 3400/957

38



MOZAMBIQUE

NEW COMMUNAL VILLAGES FOR BANDIT, FLOOD VICTIMS IN VARIOUS DISTRICTS
Chibabava District
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 8 May 84 p 4

[Excerpts] A village to be turned over to the victims of the armed bandits has
come into existence in Toronga, in Chibabava District, as part of the constant
activity by the Armed Forces of Mozambique-FPLM stationed in that section of
Sofala Province which, in addition to physically eliminating the criminals,
are including the recovery of the population. This rural community, with
nearly 200 families, is growing as more people are restored to freedom; while
work is continuing to minimize the specter of hunger that still hovers over
the villagers.

Another effort under way in the village of Toronga is associated with the
cutting of wooden stakes and those of other materials to build more dwellings,
because day after day more families are being taken into that community.
Meanwhile, other villagers are involved in improving their property, something
that actually represents the rebirth.of a lost life.

"I cannot say exactly how many houses we have in the construction plan,
because every day that elapses the Armed Forces of Mozambique-FPLM bring
more families with them whom they have rescued in various parts of this
Chibabava District. However, I can predict that this will be the largest
village in this zone." This comment was made by Zacarias Nduma, secretary
of the Toronga dynamizing group and in charge of those who are rescued.

Zacarias Nduma, who is also one of those rescued, commented, in addition:
"Besides building new homes, some of us are involved in improving those
already constructed. Some have already started building houses with two

or three rooms; while others are improving the inside and outside appearance
of their property. We are doing this because we never intend to leave here."

Also as part of the construction, some families in Toronga are producing
bricks in order to build dwellings with better features. It is emphasized
that all the houses. are being built using local material, although the most
efficient people have already installed lucite and zinc plating on the roofs.

24


If Colonel Mengistu were to happen to read these lines, I would like for him
to ponder that comment. A victory for him, in opposition to Eritrea's
independence, could only be achieved at a price, and it's a very high one--
the definitive loss of Ethiopia's independence. Just as there is a driving
impetus for freedom, there is a linking process leading to servitude.

PHOTO CAPTIONS

1. p 134. Death Without Burial

As guerrilla activity has moved down out of the mountains it has
become war. Although the EPLF fighters do take very proper care

of the Ethiopian wounded, they leave dead enemy bodies where they

are because of the traditional Ethiopian fear of dying without burial.

2. p 136. The Road to the Sea

From a frontline trench, Jean-Francois Deniau watches the advance
of the resistance fighters. A battery of Soviet 122 mm field
artillery captured from the Ethiopians supports the offensive.
The gunnery officer is a woman, as are nearly 30 percent of the
EPLF fighters. The most recent offensive enabled the EPLF to
gain a broad stretch of access to the Red Sea in the Northeast.
A resistance fighter enjoys the pleasures of the beach; another
keeps watch, with his Kalashnikov.

3. p 138. They Live Underground and Fight at Night

The martyred city of Nakfa, symbol of the resistance and liberated
in 1977. Thrée Ethiopian offensives have’ unsuccessfully tried to
retake it. Nowadays the front line is only 6 km away. Underneath
the phantom city and its sun-baked walls, there is another city,
this one underground and invisible.

4. p 138. Command post, communications centers, hospitals--everything is
buried underground to be protected from aircraft, the only
sign being the ventilation hole. Inside, the quarters are
decorated with amusing frescoes. Gasoline depots are also
buried underground. Refueling from them is done at night. Traffic

moves only at night.



[Answer] Fine. Although I am saying that when he was faced with the proposal
I personally made him he was above accepting it, that doesn't mean that he
didn't continue to engage in chicanery to make preparations with other military
governments, which were virtually made up from among his men, in order to be
able, when all was said and done, to succeed in his aims. One might say that
the CMRPN government was practically a Ki-Zerbo government. He was the one
giving the orders. I know, because everything gets to be known in Upper Volta.
When he used to go to Saye Zerbo's at one in the morning he would leave at
three or four. What was he doing that whole time? He was giving orders.

And everything is known; the people saw him go back in and leave. There are
guards there; we have relatives there. Well, that government was his. And

I don't-want to make needless denunciations. There have been rumors, but this
is confirmed. I have learned that when Saye was to make an official visit to
France, Ki-Zerbo had been asked to go in advance and wait there. At the end
of that visit a first step was to be taken in the process of transferring
authority to Ki-Zerbo by his being named Saye Zerbo's prime minister.

This is not "fiction." It is fact. Just his luck; that official visit
didn't take place.

9631
CsO: 3419/648

60



NIGERIA

SCARCITY OF CEMENT CALLED CAUSE OF RISE IN PRICES
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 21 Apr 84 p 1

[Text] THERE is now a big cement racket at the Nigerian Cement Factory,
Nkalagu, as a result, a bag of cement now costs 815 at the local market.

According to our reporter who visited Nkalagu to investigate the reason for
the high cost of cement, the racket began as a result of serious bottle-neck
created by the defunct civilian administration, following direct purchase of
cement by only a few privileged persons in the party and government, who then
re-sold the allocation to them to distributors.

Our reporter said that although the privileged buyers only had the coupons
with which to pay and carry cement which sells at N4.50 at the factory, these
privileged ones merely sold these coupons to traders.

If a man was allocated 10,000 bags of cement by the coupon for example, he
collects 410,000 from the trader whom he had sold the coupon. The trader on
his part adds N1.50 or more to cover his own profit and transportation. In
the market, the consumer then pays between 47 to H8 for a bag.

In the last two months however, the price of cement has risen so tremendously
that construction works has been stranded all over the country, because impor-
tation of foreign cement which used to complement the local production has
ceased and importers have not got the new licence to bring in cement.

Our reporter gathered that the cement factories in Ogun, Bendel, Benue and
Cross River States are not meeting the local demand.

Thus, the scarcity of cement has led to increase in price and to racketeering
at NIGERCEM.

The price of NIGERCEM cement remains at H4.50 factory price, but costs W15
in the market.

Sources close to the Nkalagu Cement Factory said that the factory has heen
facing a lot of difficulties in obtaining foreign exchange for its raw mater-
ials.

46



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

TIMES EDITOR FREED--The Editor of DAILY TIMES, Mr. Martin Iroabuchi and one of
his reporters, Mr. Isa Abu, have been cautioned and discharged in a contempt
case by an Ikeja High Court. Discharging the men yesterday, the High Court
Judge, Mr. Justice W. Ajao Oshodi, said he had taken into consideration the
plea of the defence counsel. He noted that the defendants have also complied
with his orders in an affidavit, adding that apologies as ordered had been
published. Before the court's decision, counsel to the editor and the report-
er, Mr. Tony Momoh, referred to his earlier pleas and pointed out that the
DAILY TIMES newspapers had complied with the court order. [Excerpt] [Lagos
DAILY TIMES in English 7 Apr 84 p 5]

OUSTED GOVERNOR'S WIFE ARRESTED--THE wife of the ousted Governor of Imo State,
Mrs. Victoria Mbakwe, and two directors of the controversial LAVAM project
were on Tuesday whisked away to Lagos by security men. The others are the
former director of the LAVAM Children's Project, Louis Onwunali and the secre-
tary, the Rev. T. N. A. Odoemelam. Mrs. Mbakwe and the two directors were
seen at the offices of the NSO, Owerri on Tuesday before they were taken to
Lagos. The reason for their arrest was not immediatley known but it is known
that the Imo State Military Government recently set up a judicial commission
of inquiry, headed by a high court judge, Mr. Justice Sunday Chiana Kwalam,

to probe the activities of the LAVAM Children's Project. [By Shirkey Peter
Kalio] [Excerpt] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 12 Apr 84 p 32]

MAITATSINE 'FOLLOWERS' HELD--NINE persons suspected to be members of the proscribed
Maitatsine sect, fleeing from law enforcement agents in Bauchi State, have

been arrested at the Aminu Kano International Airport, Kano. They were ar-
rested on Thursday night, in their hide-out in the premises of the airport,
ready to find their way to Jedda, in Saudi Arabia. According to Mr. M. Chibok,
the Public Relations Officer of the Nigeria Airports Authority, the activities
of the arrested suspects had been under surveillance for sometime because of the
way they always avoided other airport users. Mr. Chibok said that more credence
was lent to security fears, when the suspects finally settled down in an in-
conspicuous and remote area in the airport rather than use the departure lounge
of the airport like other travellers. The PRO told the Daily Times that their
arrest was finally made after their passports were examined and found to have
been issued only on February 20, this year, at Yola. The men also had in

their possession a strange Arabic writing and documents, which intelligence

men were busy translating to find out if they were messengers of some sort or

48



GHANA

AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL MEETING HELD IN ACCRA
Attorney General Addresses Meeting |
4B271025 Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 27 May 84

[Text] The attorney general, George Aikins, says the strict measures taken
by the government to deal effectively with criminals show that the.PNDC
[Provisional National Defense Council] is totally against inhuman practices,
The accusation against the government of violating human rights are therefore
based on the wrong impression that whatever happens in the country must -be the
direct responsibility of the government in power.

Mr Aikins, who is also the secretary for justice, was delivering the keynote
address at the annual general meeting of the Ghana branch of Amnesty Inter-
national in Accra yesterday. He said all the inhuman activities including
torture, kidnapping, killing and the disappearance of persons in the community
have for some time past been spearheaded by some reactionaries including some
misguided supporters of the revolution.

On capital punishment, Mr Aikins said though this has not been abolished, there
are no summary or arbitrary executions and that every sentence of death is
authorized by law. The attorney general said the government has also shown
concern about the poor conditions in the prisons and there are no political
prisoners in the country. People detained at the beginning of the 31 December
revolution, who are still being kept, are being investigated for specified
offenses and will soon appear before the public tribunal. Among those still
detained are Mr Riley-Poku and Kankam da Costa, who were investigated for
malpractices involving the procurement of defense equipment amounting to

6 million cedis. :

Newspapers on Organization's Position
4B281135 Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 28 May 84
[From the "Press Review"]
[Text] The GHANAIAN TIMES calls on the Ghana branch of Amnesty International
to send a message to headquarters to be realistic and discard its unhelpful
prejudices on what it calls (?handbag) values in order to gain credibility

and respect in Ghana. Commenting on the annual general meeting of the Ghana
branch of the organization, it says.from the facts and arguments by speakers

1