In relation to development goals and following the decisions regarding the
new port and new Takamaka power plant, these achievements will have to be
oriented in particular toward major works concerning management (transfer of
available water resources from the east to the north and west), energy (new
power plants and renewable energy sources), transportation (highways and
shipping), etc.

Possible Solutions

The consistent and overall development of Reunion implies a determination to
rehabilitate and develop our economy's production sectors.

Agriculture

1. The goals to be achieved are obvious: maintaining and developing our means
of foreign trade and diversifying crops; reducing imports of foodstuffs and
moving toward self-sufficiency; stopping the rural exodus and upgrading agri-
cultural professions in order to settle adults on the land firmly and lastingly
and to encourage young people to commit themselves to agriculture; supplying
the food-agricultural industries.

2. The means of achieving these goals: An Office of Agricultural Development
(ODA), funded by the FIS, will be created for this purpose and will have the
following duties: to make proposals for laying the foundations of an agriculture
with viable property structures and also incorporating a revision of ground

rent and of taxes (buildings on property and wages), tenant farming, recovery
of uncultivated land, etc.; to list the possibilities of agricultural diversifi-
cation, foreseeable yields, areas to be devoted to this and incentives to be
provided; to provide training and supervision of farmers and training of youth;
to negotiate with credit establishments the terms of secured loans, advances

on harvests, etc.; to plan property improvements and operations, viable struc-
tures, irrigation, soil improvement and protection, control of experimental
plots, etc.

3. The appropriateness of the means and objectives will make it possible:

to maintain and to develop the production and productivity of agricultural
operations for export: sugar cane, vanilla, geraniums, vetiver, tobacco, etc.;
to promote the production of grain and fats; to continue and expand vegetable
and fruit production; to really revive cattle breeding and to strengthen pork
and sheep breeding, etc.

4. Planters and breeders will be supplied with farm equipment, fertilizer,
herbicides, pesticides, livestock feed, etc., through the Office of Foreign
Trade (OCE), which will be in charge of managing and handling the import and
distribution of the equipment and products in question insofar as such supplies
cannot be provided locally.

5. It is obvious that all of the measures considered must have a viable and
reliable distribution system, both inside and outside the region.

Finally, the establishment of this dynamics of Reunionese agriculture will
result in a dynamics of creating permanent and seasonal jobs,

56



sympathetic action with dockworkers who were dismissed after last week's gen-
eral strike. Five ships were in port on Sunday and five out of port. Not
all of them were waiting to enter the harbour, Mr Els said. At least two
were oil tankers which were lying in the shelter of the bay. Reports that
stevedores at Cape Town Harbour were questioned by Security Police were un-
founded, Mr Els said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 82 p4]

TREURNICHT PROBE--POLICE have denied that a suspect was being questioned about
the false Radio Highveld report that the Conservative Party leader Dr Andries
Treurnicht had been assassinated. A Johannesburg Afrikaans newspaper said

a Johannesburg man holidaying in the Free State would be questioned in connec-
tion with the incident. The newspaper also quoted "reliable sources" as say-
ing that the person concerned had planned his actions with a sound knowledge
of SABC communications and that the incident was not intended as a light-
hearted joke. The report said there were strong suspicions that the person
wanted to create a so-called "Verwoerd Syndrome" around Dr Treurnicht and

we had obtained the telex number of the outside broadcasts unit at the Pretoria
Show from correspondence between the SABC and the Post Office. Colonel Chris
Coetzee, police liaison officer at SAP Headquarters in Pretoria, said no ar-
rests had been made and that he knew nothing of the Free State reports. "As
far as I'm concerned, the story was a load of cock-and~bull," he said. The
investigating officer in the case is Brigadier H A du Plessis. A spokesman
in his office, Capt A J Muller, said the investigation was still continuing
and "no arrests have yet been made." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 7 Sep 82 p 13]

THREE GUILTY OF TREASON-~PIETERMARITZBURG--Three men--Patrick Maquebela, Mbon-
iswa Maqhutylana and Seth Gaba--have been found guilty in the Pietermaritzburg
Supreme Court of high treason. Counsel for defence is to deliver its plea

in mitigation today. The charges against the men arose from the bomb explo-
sions in and around Durban last year. Nine people were injured in the various
explosions which caused about R500 000 damage. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 7 Sep 82 p 2]

DEFECTOR QUITS SADF--THE Frelimo defector, Lieutenant Adriano Bomba, who flew
to South Africa in a MiG jet fighter aircraft, has left the employ of the
South African Defence Force, a spokesman for the SADF said yesterday. He

was commenting on reports that Lt Bomba is at present working for the resist-
ance movement in Mozambique--the Resistencia Nacional al Mozambique (MNR).

The spokesman said that the SADF had no knowledge of Lt Bomba's present where-
abouts, but confirmed that he had left the SADF in April for personal reasons.
He said that Lt Bomba, who had been granted permanent residence in South Af-
rica, had been employed in a civilian capacity as he said he had no further
interest in flying. He said that he had virtually been forced by Frelimo

to take up flying. While working for the SADF he was employed in the transla-
tion of Russian/Portuguese propaganda A spokesman for the Department of In-
ternal Affairs yesterday declined to confirm or deny that Lt Bomba had been
issued with a passport and/or other travelling documents since being granted
permanent South African residents. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
7 Sep 82 p 11)

120



GABON

PETROLEUM EXPLOITATION DRAFT AGREEMENTS
Libreville L'UNION in French 17-18 Jul 82 p 4

[Text] Second vice prime minister Etienne-Guy Mouvagha-Tchioba, who is also
the minister for mines and petroleum, accompanied by the permanent
undersecretary for hydrocarbons, Mr Samuel Dossou Aworet and several technical
experts from his department, signed a draft agreement Thursday relating to
the exploitation of the oil deposits of Doree Marine and Olende by the
Gabonese Government and two private companies, Enserch-Gabon and Murphy.

It was a solemn occasion, for it is the first time that the Gabonese
Government is a direct participant in oil operations in our country.
According to the officials from the ministry of mines and petroleum, it is
no longer a question of prospecting but rather of "government participation
in an oil-bearing deposit already in production."

Enserch-Gabon and Murphy, both of which are U.S.-based firms, have been in the
oil business in our country for several years, in a partnership with Elf
Gabon. So these companies have 12.5 percent ownership in the Olende No G5-31
concession which they have been operating since 14 October 1976 along with
other companies such as Elf Gabon (50 percent), Odeco (6.5 percent), Ocean
(6.5 percent) and Gulf (12.5 percent). Under the draft agreement they are
ceding 33 percent of their interests in this concession to the Gabonese
Government.

In addition, Murphy, which is a 20 percent partner in the Doree Marine No
G5-29 exploratory concession, is ceding 33 percent of its interests in the
concession to the Gabonese Government. It has been conducting operations
there, in partnership with Elf Gabon (60 percent), Odeco (10 percent) and
Ocean (10 percent) since 13 September 1974.

Now that the government has 33 percent ownership, it must designate a

national company which will therefore go into partnership with the two
above-mentioned companies.

9516
csO: 4719/1279

22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


a voluntary, unpaid,
part-time basis usually
in thelr own free time
and out of « love of
sport.”

‘The key finding of the
HSRC sports investiga-
tion points to an ineffec-
tive macro structure for
the provision of sport.

In 11 of the 17 sub-re-
ports it was found that
existing pressure areas
could largely be attri-
buted to fragmented and
ineffective macro provis-
fon. This, the
says, points to . the
necessity for a new and
effective structure.

‘The main causes of in-
effective macro sports
provision were inad-
equate means, fragmen-
tation in sports provis-

Take Away Powers, Says Report

THE ordinances in terms of
which Administrators are em-
powered to compel local auth-
orities. to reserve separate
sports facilities should be re-
pealed, a special committee of
the HSRC says.

In its main committee report
following an investigation into
the sport in the Republic, the
HSRC says the power at local
level to make sports facilities
available should be depoliti-
cised as far as possible.

“This implies tl the mak-
ing available of facilities lies
within the scope of the normal
activities of a local authority,
the report says.

“The autonomy of the local
authority should be respected.
Any form of compulsion is an
unjustified interference in the
autonomy of a local authority.

“In the Orange Free State
this type of ordinance does not
exist. This indicates that such
ordinances are not necessary

(in the Cape Province, Natal

and the Transvaal).”

The committee also recom-
mends that the autonomy of
each local authority to decide
to provide facilities for either
open or separate use be recog-
nised.

“This recommendation im-
plies that the Administrators’

116

fon, overlapping and
clashing of functions,
and divisiveness and
conflict between sports
institutions.

‘The multiracial com-
mittee consisted of Prof
G J L Scholtz (chair-
man), Mr A J Arense,
Mr K J Bodenstein, Mr
JW Brandt, Dr J GGar-
bers, Mr J B Haasbrock,
Prof C Hanekom, Mr R
Hemraj, Dr J M Lotter,
Prof HI Nel, Prof P A
Nel, Prof C F Nieu-
woudt, Mr J H Olivier,
Mr RW J Opperman,
Prof W J Putter, Mr ME
Ramagoshi, Dr W Rose-
nberg, Dr P Smit, Prof G
L Strydom, Mr G A L
Thabe, Dr F J G van der
Merwe and Prof J C van
der Walt.

‘powers to compel local author-
ities in the Cape Province, Na-
tal and the Transvaal to re-
serve separate facilities should
be repealed ...

“The primary function of a
local authority is to act in the
public interest — and this also
applies to the making available
of sports facilities.

“Public interest stretches far
beyond the interests of taxpay-
ers and it includes the interests
of all the inhabitants of an
area.

“The normalisation of sport,
also in respect of the making
available of sports facilities, is
an important factor in deter-

mining public interest. Sport is,
however, not practised in iso-
lation.

“Therefore account must be
taken of the interest in orderly
development of social relations
when making sports facilities
available. It is in everyone's in-
terest therefore that the open-
ing of facilities should take
place in an orderly way. An or-
derly provision of open facili-
ties requires uniform guide-
lines.

“A single body, outside the
political arena, should be re-
sponsible for this. A central
Sports Council should fulfil
this function.”



Regional Redeployment

As a French department in the Indian Ocean, Reunion can no longer ignore its
geographic environment. Thus one of the conditions of the island's long-term
development is to center it in its regional context.

This is also in keeping with the French Government's policy of aiding Third
World countries.

Starting with transfers of public funds from France to Reunion, the market
thus created can, through integrated plans with neighboring countries, share
in the implementation of this French Government policy.

For example, Reunion's market of 50,000 tons of rice can be supplied by
Madagascar, insofar as a respective production plan can be implemented.

Similarly, cooperation between Reunion and the countries of the southwest Indian
Ocean (Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Comoros, countries of the east African
coast) is desirable in areas as varied as fishing, weather forecasting, agricul-
tural, oceanographic, energy and basic research, etc. Let us not forget that
this region has a population of more than 12 million inhabitants.

Regional development projects must be implemented with additional facilities

to be installed in different countries, in accordance with specific plans and

the interests of each of our countries. In the area of culture, in which most

of the peoples of these countries have common roots, the broadest possible
exchanges must be carried out. Communication between our peoples is facilitated
even more since our countries are multilingual, French- and creole-speaking.
Which should open the way to rapid increase in the power of the radio transmitters
of nine countries and cooperation in radio and television.

Such all-round cooperation will require exchanges of population, not only for
tourism but also for work and business. Young Reunionese will be able to take
their rightful place in such future cooperation.

Such frequent exchanges, which may become massive, will pose transportation
problems. Shipping and air line companies must be established. They will

be semipublic corporations with the participation of all islands of the southwest
Indian Ocean.

Finally, in order for it to succeed fully, this regional redeployment policy
requires that Reunionese public officials not be as opposed as at the present
time to the leaders of those countries.

A consensus for development is necessary, which rules out any neocolonialist
thinking, and an attitude of constant exchange on an equal basis and for mutual
benefit.

Such regional cooperation will be a significant contribution toward making
the Indian Ocean a zone of peace, as desired by the governments of countries
bordering on the Indian Ocean and the French Government. This will also be
an effective support for front-line African countries fighting together with
the peoples of South Africa and Namibia against apartheid.

65



HOGAN JOINED A CONSPIRACY CLAIMS STATE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 82 p 5

[Text]

CSO:

When Miss Barbara
Hogan joined the
African National
Congress (ANC) it
was an act of con-
spiracy with the or-
ganisation to over-
throw.the State and

proved

should be found
guilty of high trea-
son, the Pretoria Su-

4700/1887

instructions _ related

African situation to the
ANC; to take a job in
the Urban Training

tions network with the
ANC. It is submitted
‘that this act was clearly
committed in fur
therance of the aims of
the ANC and constitut-
es a conspiracy with the
ANC,” Mr Swanepoel

said.
She also learnt a se-
cret code for communi-

SOUTH AFRICA

efit — is untrue,” Mr
Swanepoel said.

The aim was to
strengthen the position |
of workers as tools to
apply pressure and
cripple or preju-
dice industries.
It was clear that
she conspired with
Marius Schoon and
Steven to further
the aims of the
ANC.

"It is submitted
that she associa-
ted herself with
all the aims of
the ANC."

Defence Counsel, Mr
G_ Bizos_- counter-ar-
gued: “Miss Hogan's
main contention is that,
in view of the nature of
the ANC.as a# organi-
sation, the diversity of



The National Department of Socialist Competition went on to report that the
supply of foodstuffs to workers and canteens also declined as a result of the
exchange situation, which hampered the idnividual and collective organization
of the competition.

In non-productive enterprises, commerce and the hotel business, public admin-
istration and services substantially improved their organization and control,
primarily as a result of circulation of the competition book, the document
indicates.

The pilot plan for the national savings campaign begun on 7 June brought in
savings valued at 2,865,830 kwanzas. The ten enterprises in Luanda province
that made commitments had actual savings of about 1,700,000 kwanzas.

After analyzing the results of the pilot savings experiment, it was concluded
that they were positive and it was decided that this campaign would be expanded
primarily to cover priority enterprises and later all enterprises participating
in the socialist competition program, and then, in another phase, all remaining
enterprises, through an extensive membership campaign.

9805
cso: 4742/376

12



UGANDA

NEW BANKING SYSTEM TO BE ADOPTED
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 20 Jul 82 p 1
[Article by Joshua Rubongoya and Tom Okello]

[Text] New changes are to be introduced in Uganda's banking system, the
President and Minister of Finance, Dr A. Milton Obote announced in Kampala
yesterday.

The changes include the introduction of Internal Travellers' Cheque system.

The President was opening bank managers' seminar at the International
Conference Centre, Kampala.

The aim of the new system was to expand banking services to the rural
areas and cater for the rural population who accounted for 90 per cent of
the productive sector.

Dr Obote also announced changes in the bank licencing policy and intention
to allow overseas banks to open branches in Uganda without being impeded
by local incorporation.

He said the Banking Act 1966 and other laws would be amended to cater for
the new conditions,

On the theme of the seminar: "banking in the reconstruction and rehabilita-
tion of Uganda" Dr Obote said it defined the nature of problems facing

the country. "It reminds us of a flaw in the economy and the urgent need
to correct it.

"I trust that in this seminar you will discuss urgent measures to ensure
development of agriculture, agro-based industries, trade and business,"
he said.

The solution to Uganda's present problems required political leadership
with vision and commitment to policies designed to overcome the economic
ills, the President said.

125


SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

ATTORNEY-GENERAL SACKED--DURBAN-~President Albert Rene, of the Seychelles, re-
fused to give the Attorney-General of the island, Mr Barnard Rassool, a hearing
when he sacked him last Tuesday, according to informed Government sources on
the island. Mr Rassool was sacked from office after a brief interview with
President Rene. His dismissal has shocked senior Government officials. The
Citizen learnt this week that when Mr Rassool asked for an explanation for

his dismissal, President Rene declined to give one. The sacking comes three
weeks after an uprising by rebellious troops on the island which was eventually
smashed by forces loyal to President Rene. Government sources said, however,
that Mr Rassool was not implicated in the uprising in any way. He has been
replaced by a senior State counsel, Mr Pesi Pardiwalla, who was formerly a
senior State counsel in the Capital of Victoria. Mr Rassool led the prosecu-
tion in the trial of four mercenaries, Aubrey Brooks, Roger England, Bernard
Carey and Jeremiah Puren, who are now facing the death sentence. He helped
both the prosecution and the defence when the Pietermaritzburg hijack trial
went to the Seychelles to hear evidence. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 7 Sep 82 p 8]

cso: 4700/1887

7



cso:

4700/1898

Denial From Mudge
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Sep 82 p 1
[Text]

MR Dirk Mudge
denied this morning that
be has ever been on the
AG Mr Danie Hough’s
farm near Pietersburg in
the Transvaal, as was
reported in The Adver-
tiser yesterday.

The meeting,
described as secret, was
teportedly attended by the
SA Prime Minister PW
Botha, Foreign Affairs
Minister Pik Botha, the
AG, Mr Mudge and most
of the ethnic leaders in
SWA.

Referring to the repo
Mr Mudge this mong
said in a statement: “To
tell the truth, I have never
in my life been in Pieter-
sburg, or on Mr Hough’s
farm.

“The meeting about
which The Advertiser

29

knows, is definitely one at
which the DTA was not in-
volved.”, Mr Mudge ad-
ded.

He issued the statement
in his capacity as
Chairman of the DTA.

Mr Mudge denied in the
strongest terms that he or
any DTA leader had any
knowledge of or attended a
meeting on Mr Hough’s
farm which was attended
by ethnic leaders, the AG,
the SA Prime Minister,
Foreign Affairs Minister
and himself.

The DTA is aware of
talks in Windhoek’ and
vicinity to which The
Advertiser and Die
Republikein referred
yesterday, and at which
some DTA leaders were
present.

“About the content of
these talks I cannot give
firsthand details,” Mr
Mudge said.



SOUTH AFRICA

CIRCUMSTANCES, IMPLICATIONS OF SHEBEENS CONFERENCE DISCUSSED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 p 46

[Article by Jeremy Gordin:

[Text ]

OMETHING
had to be
wrong. What

was that profusion
of R400 suits, ex-
pensive dresses, fur
stoles and gleaming
jewellery, which
ought to have been

"The Lilies of the Field Were Put to Shame]

at an opening night
in Hollywood, doing
on a frosty Wednes-
day morning in the
middle of Johannes-
burg, almost all of
them topped by
pure black faces?

Yet there they

were: approximately 400 shebeen Kings
and Queens — big affluent menand busty,
equally affluent mamas, from Billy Cha-
kane and Joe Kgasi to Sophie Sojane and
Nana Smuts — trooping into the Carlton
Hotel’s premier conference room for the
First Annual National Tavern Association
Conference, sleekly dubbed FANTAC.

They were there to write a new
chapter in the weird and wonderful story
of the SA liquor market. especially as it
pertains to Blacks. In 1962 Blacks were
allowed to purchase “white man’s liquor”
and in 1980 government announced its
intention to let Blacks apply for licences
to sell it too.

Now, in 1982, the National Tavern
Association (NTA), organised by some
shebeeners in 1980 to present a united
front on legislation, was having its first
conference.

And never mind about Solomon and
the lilies of the field; even the captains of
industry who met PW Botha at the
Carlton in all their glory were not arrayed
like those shebeeners,

But this point was only a minor irony,
a mere foot soldier, compared to the
battalion of ironies that FANTAC both
symbolised and brought to the surface
during the course of the day.

For one thing, it was the first time in

100

25 years that the biggest of the big-shots
from the whole liquor industry — pro-
ducers, wholesalers and retailers — had
found a reason to come together in one
room. “

And what had brought them together?
A bunch of “hoodlums, crooks and
spivs,” as shebeeners’ consultant Colin
Hall fondly referred to his clients.

But the plumb on the pudding was the
Keynote Speaker, whose presence re-
presented the greatest irony of all.

After all — let’s not beat about the
bush — Dr T.A. (Tjaart) du Plessis,
Director-General of the Department of
Commerce, Industries and Tourism was
addressing a gathering of criminals.

And seated on the podium with him
were three major criminals: the president,
chairman and secretary of the NTA,
Peggy Bel-Aire, Lucky Michaels and Ray
Mollison. Eric Mafuna was also up there,
not in his role as representative of his
brand of brigandry (advertising) but as
MC.

Du Plessis did not say anything parti-
cularly riveting. But there, in among the
bureaucratic stuff, was the sentence: “It
is, however, very important that you, as
an association, pursue the question of
zoning (on which licences depend) with
an unrelenting tenacity until the machine-
ry towards this end has been perfected.”

What was not expected was the per-
formance of most of the other speakers
— which represents the next irony. With a
few exceptions, the speakers delivered
long lectures to the Kings and Queens on
how to run their businesses, how to
market, and so forth.

Who, one wondered, did they think



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

CASH PROBLEMS--WINDHOEK--The Coloured administration in South West Africa
faces financial dire straits. No budget for the new financial year has yet
been approved and therefore no cheque can be drawn by this authority from
the beginning of September. Officials may not receive salary cheques at the
end of the month. To compile, approve and accept a budget can take a long
time. It has to be cleared by the Attorney-General as well as by officials
of the Department of Finance. Mr Barney Barnes, chairman of the Coloured
executive committee, would not comment when asked about this dilemma. The
administration is paying R101 to pensioners each month, even though the SWA
Central Government only makes provision for R50 a pensioner. This will def-
initely contribute to the problem of balancing the budget. According to a
report in yesterday's Republikein the Coloured executive committee handed
in a budget with a defecit of R6-million which the Attorney-General would
not accept. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Sep 82 p 3]

PENSION FOR NUJOMA'S MOTHER--Windhoek--Every two months a heavily weaponed
convoy leaves Oshakati in the north of South West Africa under security.
Aboard the army vehicles is the pension money for senior citizens in the
operational area. With painstaking, methodical effort the dirt road
between Oshakati and Ongadjera is scanned for landmines to ensure that

the pension money, without which the old people could not survive, reaches
them safely. The group of old people gathering around the convoy when it
arrives safely in Ongadjera has become familiar to the pension pay-masters.
One familiar face among the pensioners is that of a weatherbeaten, wrinkled
old lady--the mother of South West Africa's number one enemy, terrorist
leader Sam Nujoma. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Sep 82

p 9]

cso: 4700/1926

36



The revival of agriculture, fishing, industry, construction and public works,
the development of crafts, tourism, transportation, and the increase in per-
sonnel in certain government administrations, trades and services will make
it possible to create stable and sufficiently remunerative jobs.

However, in view of the massive and structural unemployment, the lack of skills
of a large part of the available labor force, it will be necessary--in order

to employ as many people as possible--to have temporary jobs for a long time

to come. This is a temporary situation, but one resulting from the objective
limitations of the present situation. This means the resumption, but in another
spirit and on an infinitely greater scale, of development projects.

It should be noted that in the case of temporary jobs, a sizable percentage
of them must be reserved for youth (supervised studies, "literacy" campaign,
organization of related activites, etc.), women (small projects of community
interest, such as the maintenance of public parks, open areas, increasing the
number of day-care centers, etc.) and thousands of "construction workers"
through "government housing projects" for direct construction of their govern-
ment housing.

The creation of stable, full-time jobs, on one hand, and of temporary jobs,
on the other, receiving the interoccupational minimum growth wage will make
it possible to offer work to an additional 12,000 or 15,000 Reunionese men
and women every year.

But such an effort, without precedent in the country's history, will not make
it possible to permanently solve the problem of unemployment or underemployment.
It will take more than a generation to solve this problem.

Regional cooperation (see below) will have to offer possibilities of employment
for young Reunionese men and women.

Emigration

The decline in the number of departures for France shows the limits of emigration,
which the right has always considered a solution to the problem of unemployment.

Under no circumstances should emigration be considered as such.

However, considering the pressure of unemployment, it would be illusory to
believe that it could be stopped overnight.

There will always be departures for France. Voluntarily. Young people must
be prepared for them (professionally, psychologically and through objective
information). An appropriate agency, in coordination with the Planning Com-
mission, should guide young people toward jobs in France, jobs likely to be
subsequently created in Reunion's development process. Thus young people hold-
ing such jobs in France would appear to be more like specializing there, in
order to later return to their country and participate in its development,
rather than as permanent exiles as a result of their employment in sectors
which Reunion will never have.

61



cso:

was lost the minute he
started challenging Marius
Jooste on company policy
and thats precisely what
De Klerk did.

He wasn’t the first to try
and lose; there have been
‘others, most notably Henri
Laurie and Rudolf Opper-
mann. Laurie gave up, the
Position as a chief ex-
lecutive in the Sanlam
group before —_joining
Perskor while Oppermann
is President of the SA
National Olympic Com-
mittee.

Perskor for example is
anything but enlightened in
the modern context con-
cerning the handling of its
personnel, but goodness
forbid that you tell: Jooste
that.

Apart from possibly
strangling you, Jooste will
tell you that he has never
fired a person yet — even in
times of depression, reces-
sion and war. And ap-
parently to him thats about
as good as conditions need
be, On the other hand I
have to concede that he
has been extremely good to
many ~ loyal | Perskor
employees. Myself in-
cluded.

True, De Klerk claims
that he had been ‘fired’, but
equally I am willing to bet
‘that Jooste offered him an
alternative appointment as
well.

Besides, Jooste is too
powerful to be challenged.
He has too great a grip on
the entire group and is too
entrenched in the group’s
trusts to be uprooted and
removed. He also has
tremendous political clout,
even against the brother of
the leader of the NP in the
Transvaal as we have seen
this week.

More recently De Klerk
has faced considerable flak

4700/1898

because Die Transvaler
has lost _ considerable
-ground in the circulation
battle against Beeld. Die
‘Transvaler has almost
halved its circulation in the
past few years while Beeld
has doubled its circulation.

Die Transvaler has un-
doubtedly been put under
considerable strain through
Mr PW Botha’s rise to the
pinnicle of power and the
circulation scandai that
rocked the group two years.
ago. Dr De Klerk publicly
disassociated himself with
the alleged cooking of
figures. .

Then finally there are the
political problems.

The split in the NP and
the setting up of the
Conservative Party must
have and still will make its
toll felt.

Oom Ben Schoeman
‘told the Rand Daily Mail
last week that Perskor will
remain faithful to the NP
and under no circum-
stances will it support the
CP. He said furthermore
that Mr PW Botha was not
moving fast enough in his
reform policies.

MORE
COMPLICATED
The situation however is
a bit more complicated
than that.

In the first instance there
could well be members of
the various trusts and
boards within the group
who either support the CP
openly or are sitting on the
fence. This must inevitably.
cause strains. Two such
people are former Prime
Minister John Vorster and
former HNP leader Albert
Hertzog.

In the second instance
Perskor is largely depen-
dent on government for

. printing contracts and

32

' Jooste as a shrewd busines-
sman would undoubtedly
be loathe to be too cool
‘ towards the CP while there
isis a good chance of it com-
‘ing to power.

. And thirdly — Jooste
would be reluctant to
jalienate the group too
strongly from the conser-
vative Afrikaners of the
Transvaal on whom
Perskor depends so strong-
ly for business and
readership.

Indeed, one can already
discern a fairly neutral
editorial line in The Citizen
and Oggendblad.

De Klerk on the other
hand has made no bones
about it that he wants
nothing to do with hardline
rightwing elements.

And it is here that one
hhas to make a subjective
judgment of De Klerk. If
he has been forced out
primarily on ___ political
grounds, then I certainly
regard the matter as a
tragedy.

He is one man in SA
who has gone out of his
way to meet the Buthelezis
and Motlanas, understand
them and find common
ground. In fact he has done
wonders in trying concilia-
tion. He has done this
furthermore at the expense
to himself of a brilliant and
secure academic career
and this cannot be con-
sidered lightly. ‘

Wimpie' de Klerk’s loss
to journalism will indeed be
severely felt.

Hopefully, he’ won't be
lost to SA’s future progress
entirely.

The loss to SA public life
of the likes of De Klerk is
most certainly not the sort
of loss that SA can afford.

It goes without saying
that I am sorry to see him
go.



Old Age
New living conditions must be created for elderly people.

Pensions or retirement incomes must be granted to those over 60 years old who
have no incomes, as well as benefits for "small pensioners," etc., so that
they can live properly.

So that they can receive care under good conditions, in particular a corps
of home nurses should be established for aiding elderly people.

They should have specially provided housing in each district undergoing renova-
tion or in new urban areas so that they are not cut off from their families,
their neighbors and society and placed in locations "apart," which is often
the case today.

Information

A public information service for Reunion must be based on the essential fact
that there are 100,000 illiterate or semi-illiterate persons here.

Public information must enable the population to comprehend all aspects of
daily life (reasons for budgetary constraints, possibilities of progress, etc.),
to participate in the development effort, to understand the world in which

they live and the surrounding world, to be sympathetic to the great struggles
of humanity (against hunger, for peac, etc.), to express themselves concerning
their daily problems, to be informed, to be educated and to be entertained.

This is the role to be played by the FR3. A commission, headquartered in Saint
Denis and whose composition shall be pluralistic, will handle the selection

of television and radio programs. Measures must be taken to assure the pluralism
of the written press.

Culture

The access of Reunionese to world culture does not imply that they should deny
or despise their own culture.

On the contrary, Reunion'’s cultural heritage must be protected and developed
in all its aspects.

The creole language, which constitutes the basis of this cultural, historical
and popular heritage, must be studied, enriched and developed.

A coordinating agency, with the means for action and combining all cultural
currents and associations, will prepare a vast program for cultural action:
historical research, a survey of cultural assets, expressions in theater,
literature, music, the plastic arts, dance, song, etc.

The resources for such a cultural policy will be sought in related activities,

cinema, radio, television and exchanges between Reunion and neighboring countries,
France and other countries.

6h,



they were talking to?

For they were, in fact, talking to some
of the most successful, accomplished, and
ruthless entrepreneurs in South Africa —
people who, without training, without in-
frastructure, and with continual police
harassment, have done very well. But the
speakers didn’t seem to know it. And,
after lunch, some of those successful,
accomplished and ruthless entrepreneurs
were growing very sleepy.

Anyone who some marketing con-
knows shebeens and ferences do not re-
shebeeners, even _ present. Some
shallowly, knows shebeeners must
that they epitomise have felt if this was
informality, camara- what white business
derie, wit, shrewd- was all about, then
ness, and bonhomie best head back for
— everything, in the dusty streets.

short, that  weari-

Some speakers would have been wiser
had they paid heed to the style, attitude
and spirit conveyed by the apocryphal
Soweto story which Mafuna told at one
point: “A student came to Peggy Bel-Aire
at the height of the ’76 riots and said ‘We
are bringing politics to the shebeens.”
‘That's okay,’ Peggy replied, ‘but how do
you sell these politics? By the bottle or in
nips?’”

On the other hand the main manne
were not there out of love for their black
brothers. They were there because busi-
ness is business, and liquor profits in
Soweto alone are in the region of R12-
million for spirits, R1-million for wine
and R48-million for beer.

If legalisation goes ahead smoothly,
shebeeners will not only have to suffer
more long conferences of a marketing
nature, they will also have to discover
that the world of free enterprise is not as
free as its proponents claim, especially
when it comes to liquor.

Also, once some shebeeners are legal-
ised and paying tax and GST, they are
not going to take kindly to shebeeners
who remain illegal. They — the legal ones
— will find themselves representative of
the very forces they are fighting now.

And that zoning issue remains a big
one. It’s very nice of Dr Du Plessis to
encourage the NTA to stick at it so
doggedly. But the mind boggles at the
thought of several thousand shebeen
aunties adjusting to the idea that their
living rooms must now all of a sudden be
rezoned as “business premises”.

Can First World order ever really sit
easy on Third World patterns, or will
tissue rejection get it all in the end” e

cso: 4700/1891
101



UGANDA

MINISTER DISCUSSES ECONOMIC AGREEMENTS WITH YUGOSLAVIA, OTHERS
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 30 Aug 82 pp 1, 8

[Article by Sam Serwanga]

[Text] Part of a spareparts consignment for the repair of 200 Yugoslav
IMT tractors arrived here over the weekend.

The total consignment, worth 67.1m/- (671,040 US dollars), manufactured
by Agronojvodina, will be airlifted in three phases. The second and
third airlift are expected in a few weeks’ time,

The first part of 36 tonnes included tyres, tubes, accessories, and will
be transported to Namalere Research Station where the tractors will be
repaired.

This fleet, which is part of the 400 tractors were imported from Yugoslavia
in 1974, They had been operating without any major repairs because of
lack of spareparts. A total of 200 others were found in a state of
disrepair.

The agreement for the supply of the spareparts was concluded in March 1981
by the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry Mr Samwiri Mugwisa, with a
Novi Sad based manufacturing firm during a trade fair in Yugoslavia.

The firm which started in 1956 under Marssey Fergusson, will send technical
manpower to carry out the repairs for six months and train Ugandan counter-
parts in the servicing and maintenance of the fleet.

The firm's Eastern Africa representative, Mr Besnilov Miodrag-Mile, will
formally hand over the spares to the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of
Agriculture and Foresty, Mr Jacob Ogwang today.

Meanwhile, Mr Ogwang, has said that negotiations were underway with the
IMT tractor firm to supply another fleet of 400.

Talks were underway between Uganda and Yugoslavia for the establishment
of a complex maize farm near Masindi Port.

123



REUNION

VERGES PRESS CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS ECONOMIC RECOVERY PROBLEMS
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 1 Jul 82 p 2

[Text] At his press conference Tuesday, the secretary general
of the PRC [Communist Party of Reunion] discussed Reunion's
economic condition at length as well as prospects for change
in the coming months.

Our comrade began his analysis with a brief commentary on the situation in
France. The French leftist government, in order to reclaim its own domestic
market, has gone counter to the direction of the policies maintained by its
Common Market neighbors and by the developed capitalist countries of OECD
(Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development). These countries
have now come to the limit of their patience with the orientation of French
policy. It was in this context that the government took steps to defend
the franc. "There is room to argue the effectiveness of the measures taken,"
Paul Verges said, "but no one should gloat over the problems [the French
are having] in reducing unemployment and inflation. To hope for the worst
would be irresponsible," our comrade said.

The 4 August Program

It is against this backdrop that the economic situation on Reunion must be
examined. "The presidential majority on Reunion should avoid demagoguery.
It should tell the Reunionese people the truth about the gravity of these
problems," Paul Verges insisted. "Among other things, it needs to be
explained that recovery for our country will take longer than in France,
because of the heavy legacy of the Rightist government."

People should understand that legacy. "And if the leaders of the opposition
want to have any credibility," Verges said, "they must admit that it will
take a generation for Reunion to recover; because the disparities are too
great and their effects are felt by such a large majority of the people."

The PCR is certainly intending to be involved in that recovery. Toward that
end it will be publishing its proposed program. Our party's secretary
general said that the PCR "plans to make public its program on 4 August,

to emphasize its symbolic link to the night of 4 August 1789. It is to show
that on Reunion the time has come to abolish privileges. This is not going

he



Professor ‘Will Return to Face Allegations'

CSO:

tHe wife of Professor
Anthony de Crespigny,
the former member of
the President’s Council
whose hurried departure
from South Africa has
mystified friends and
colleagues, believes he
may return to face the
claim that he was work-
ing for a foreign intelli-
pence agency or that he

ad radical Leftwing al-
legiances.

Prof De Crespigny left
South Africa for Britain
suddenly at the beginning
of last month to visit his
ailing mother.

On August 19 it was
disclosed that the chair-
man of the President’s
Council and state Vice-
President, Mr Alwyn Sch-
lebusch, had _ received
Prof De Crespigny’s res-
ignation from the council.

Reacting to rutnours
surrounding Prof De
Crespigny’s resignation,
Mr Schlebusch said last
week that there had been
no pressure on the former
President’s —_ Councillor
from any Government

ency.

Mr Schlebusch said he
Nad received a telex from
Prof De Crespigny on
August 11 in which he
said he was obliged to re-
sign from the council be-
cause of pressing personal
and family reasons.

But Prof De Crespig-
ny’s wife, Rose Marie,
said from her Constaagia,
Cape Town, home yesfer-
day that her husband had
left South Africa in a hur-
ry to be at the bedside of

4700/1929

his elderly mother who
was gravely ill.

“This was the personal
family reason my husband
was referring to in his let-

ter of resignation from
the President’s Council,”
said Mrs De Crespigny.

“My mother-in-law has
made a full recovery from
her illness and I expect
my husband to return to
South Africa to dispel
these absurd rumours.”

But Prof De Crespigny.
who was head of the Pol-
itical Science Faculty at
the university of Cape
Town before joining the
President’s Council, told
a Sunday newspaper that
he expected his wife and
three children to join him
in London later. -

‘Lhe report also quoted
the political scientist as
saying that rumours about
him could be part of a
Right-wing plot to dis-
credit the Prime Minister,
Mr P W Botha, by trying
to show that he (De Cres-
pigny) had been unsuit-
able for membership in
the President's Council.

Other South African*

newspapers have claimed
that Prof De Crespigny
might have been working
in the Republic as an
agent for British Intelli-
gence.

Mr Lofty Adams, a
member of the Presi-
dent’s Council, said he
had spoken to Prof De
Crespigny the day before
he left for overseas and
the professor had "given
no indication that he was
leaving the country.

“Anthony De Crespig-
ny delivered the opening
address of my organisa-
tion Cope (Congress of
the People) in December
1980 and he impressed me
as being an honest conser-
vative,” said Mr Adams.
Prof De Crespigny was
a member of the Liberal
Party from 1955 to 1960
when he became a mem-
ber of its Natal Coastal
Region Executive. But he
has denied ever having
been a member of the
Congress of Democrats.
He has said he believed
the organisation claimed
him as a member possibly
to swell their membership
numbers and it was poss-
ible that they had passed

on his name to an allied
organisation such as the
ANC.

He claimed that he had
always been. anti-com-
munist on “very tradition-
al liberal grounds”.

He has also denied ever
having had radical Left-
wing allegiances and said
he had no knowledge of
an ANC document alleg-
edly bearing his name.

Quoting intelligence
sources a Sunday news-
paper reported at the
weekend that Prof De
Crespigny had been ques-
tioned about the appear-
ance on a purported list of
ANC members of the
name “De Crespigny”
followed by the same in-
itials and date of birth as
those of the former Presi+
dent’s Council member.



ANGOLA

NATIONAL MEETING ON IDEOLOGY OPENS

Combat Against Petit Bourgeoisie

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Aug 82 pp 1-2

[Text] At the opening session of the First National Party Ideology Meeting,
which began Thursday morning in Uige Province, Ambrosio Lukoki said that the
main task of the MPLA-Labor Party is "to educate the working masses on Marxist-
Leninist views and on the need to combat petit bourgeois ideology and behavior,
while bearing in mind the New Man, builder of the future socialist that we are
working toward in Angola."

The secretary of the Central Committee for Ideology then stressed that "ideolog-
ical work is a strategic task of the party" and went on to explain that the
basic objective of this work was "to make Marxism the guide for every citizen's
action."

With the meeting occurring at a time when the contradictions between socialism
and capitalism, between the forces for peace and democracy and the advocates of
anticommunism, are growing, the party Central Committee secretary said that
given the current situation in the region, only the defense of our homeland
will ensure that the revolution continues.

American imperialism and South Africa's racism, he said, are jointly responsible
for the war in southern Africa aimed at preventing Namibia from achieving real
independence and at weakening or destroying the Angolan revolution. To prevent
this from happening, the party leader pointed out that it was important to act
and to carry out the order of President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, according to
which "defending the revolution is an ongoing, compulsory job for everyone."

The meeting, which was chaired by the secretary for ideology of the Central Com-
mittee, reviewed the activities of the first half of this year, the operations
of the Ideology Departments of the provincial party committees, and the outlook
for new activities to be developed in future.

During the meeting, participated in by directors of ideology departments of the
Central Committee and other officials involved in this party activity, there
was intensive participation on the topics listed for discussion.



Briefs
Cash Problems
Pension for Nujoma's Mother

NIGER
Kountche Addresses Conference of Cadres
(LE SAHEL, 5 Aug 82) ccccccccccccccscccccccccccecceses
NIGERIA
Uganda Bill To Return Asian Property Termed Retrogressive
(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 30 Aug 82) .esccccceccceccces
Task Force: Rice Shortage Story Due to Saboteurs
(Aliu Zubair; DAILY TIMES, 8 Sep 82) sescecccccccvcecs
REUNION
Verges Press Conference Highlights Economic Recovery Problems
(TEMOIGNAGES, 1 Jul 82) ssccsccccesccccvccccccccscsees
PCR Development Plan Described
(TEMOIGNAGES, various dates) .secccscsccccsccccccccece
Central Committee Resolution
Secretariat's Press Conference
Major Features of Plan
SENEGAL
Briefs
IDB Loan
PAIM Orientation
SEYCHELLES
In-Depth Research on Creole Language Increasing
(A. Toualbis NATION, 21 Aug 82) ceccccccccecceccccsece
Briefs
Attorney-General Sacked
SOMALIA

SOJA Chairman Visits China
(Sonna; HEEGAN, 27 Aug 82) .....

eee cecccceccececens

-c-

36
36

37

39

kL

42

67
67

68

71

72



UGANDA BILL TO RETURN ASIAN PROPERTY TERMED RETROGRESSIVE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Aug 82 p 3

[Editorial in the colum "DAILY TIMES Opinion":

[Text]

AttHousH. most African countries
became politically independent over
two decades:ago, there is hardly any
that sufficiently controls her economy
up till now, because of foreign domina-
tion and the culpable dependence
_ syndrome of most governments.

One good thing which President Idi
Amin did throughout his otherwise,
bestial reign was the wresting of
his country’s economy from foreigners
and -placing Ugandans at the com-
manding heights of their own destiny.

Despite. the orchestrated condemna-
tion of Idi Amin by the Western
Press, the successful implementation
of his. Africanisation policy made
Uganda the envy of other East African
countries, like Kenya and Malawi,
whose economies continued to be
dominated by the Asians.

The Ugadan Parliament is said to be
currently considering a bill to return all
the confisticated ‘property to their
former owners.

If the bill is passed, the former foreign
controllers of the Ugandan economy
may also be asked to return to the
country within 60 days to identify

their properties, re-possess them, and
thereafter stay on to do their busi-

. nesses. .

We suspect that the Obote regime is
trying to woo the Asians and Britons
back to his country probably after
a deal with Britain over aid.

39

"Uganda:

NIGERIA

Stop the Bill")


Research

Parallel to this work in formulating a standard for Creole, research has

also been undertaken in education. These other studies are aimed at
determining the functioning of children, at school, in the family, in society,
so as to adapt the appropriate educational methods accordingly and on the
basis of the first instrument with which they express themselves, namely
language. This broad socio-linguistic study nevertheless requires human
means that the Creole Section, despite all the good will that it has put into
the task, cannot by itself offer, so reduced in size is it today. For this
reason, this socio-linguistic study, as well as the work carried out on the
language itself, cannot unfortunately be conducted to the desired scale.
Thus, this vast linguistic task would require either an increase in the
personnel in the Creole Section or the establishment of a research section
made up of a large and sound team, as far as training is concerned, that can
only be strongly called for, so fundamental is it to lay solid linguistic
foundations to involve not only language but, above all, today's students
who will tomorrow carry on, on healthy bases, the evolution toward the way
for a sure general blossoming out, so true is the fact that knowing and
understanding one's own language better, one gets to know and understand
oneself better, while at the same time getting to know and understand others
better.

5671
CSO: 4719/1347

70



cso:

4700/1889

He learnt the details from a civil servant

informant .only around May 1979, weeks before he

was compelled to resign as State President over
his role-in the Information scandal.

Two of Mr Vorster’s closest confidants have
confirmed the details to The Star. A third was
sworn to secrecy to prevent the facts becoming

public.

One of General van den Bergh’s closest friends
has also confirmed the details. -

He said that in or about 1973 he became
aware that General van den Bergh was suffering
from periodic blackouts, as well as severe migraine
headaches, which immobilised him at work.

“When he, had a blackout, he would simply
collapse forward.on to his desk,” said the source.

He named three doctors who were aware of
General van den Bergh’s problems, and tried to
treat him. :

These attacks, according to the source, had
taken place about once in six weeks and apparent-
ly dated back to a time after General van den
Bergh had suffered a severe electric shock at his
Bapsfontein farm, about 12 years ago.

Two senior civil servants, who were said to
know about. General van den. Bergh’s illness,
denied all knowledge of the matter.

But four informants have supplied The Star
with details to confirm the allegations.

And one member of the Erasmus Commission
confirmed that it. had. received evidence on
General van den Bergh’s illness.

This evidence, however, was not included in
the published evidence of the Erasmus Commis-
sion, nor, according to The Star’s inquiries, did it
ever reach the parliamentary committee which
sifted that evidence before making it public.

79



320065

JPRS 81866

28 September 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2695

onpy

10) 21608661

h

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE 10

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

SPRINGFIELD, VA"Z2161 139
AG7



SA HOPES FOR DIPLOMAT TIES DASHED IN BANGUL

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Aug 82 Pp

[Article by Henry Reuter]

[Text]

3ANGUL — Until a
couple “of. years; ago:
many South, Africans
regarded the . Central
African Republic as a
kind of black hope for.
breaking trade barriers,
an extension of the bul-
wark against interna-
tional ‘communism, a
beacon of  enlighten-
ment.

Jean Bede]: Bokassa,
when he grabbed power
from his nephew David
Dacko in 1968 launched
a manhunt for Chinese
communist bogymen
and . declared open
house for trade, com-
merece and investment.

When Dacko used the
Freneh to help him re
gain control in Septem-
ber 1979 he went fur
ther. He kicked out the
Soviet and Libyan “ad-
visers* and shook black
Africa to the core by
announcing he planned
to establish diplomatic
links with South Africa.

Uncle Jean Bedel«
had only amused the
world when he bad
himself declared em-
Peror and got away for
years with keeping his
‘political enemies in
chains and committing
appalling atrocities.

It_took a spate of
child murders and a
worldwide wave of in-
dignation ta force the

105

19

French to provide
Dacko with troops for
his mercy mission.

But in many African
eyes Dacko’s subse-
quent verbal crime was
more heinous than any-
thing Bokassq had com-
mitted — despite
widespresd agreement
here that Dacko had
tried hard in his
second period of rule
to rebuild demceratic
institutions as well as
the eccnomy: and to
correct many of Bokas-
sa’s abuses. 8

He allowed nolitical
Parties to fun-tion and
even arranged ‘n Anril
last year a frir >resi--
dential election in
which he was returned
to power.

After this he hecame
sick and sensitive to
the enmities he had
incurred by his re
marks on South Afr'ca.
Few were suror'sed
when the army, led by
Chief of General Staff
Andre Kolingba and re-
portedly also with
French backing, took
over quietly last Sep-
tember.

Dacko retired to his
coffee farm 50 km
from Bangui.

The country is now
run by President An-
dre Kolingba (47) and
a government of sol-
diers which calls itself
the Military Committee

SOUTH AFRICA



HOUSING POLICY OUTLINED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Aug 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

ZAMBIA

INDIVIDUALS wishing to build personal houses should be
allocated land in the peri-urban areas to avail land in the cities
for other projects, Prime Minister Mundia has directed.

The Government would
like to discourage the
mushrooming of shanty
townships by building
better houses for the
working population.

Mr Mundia issued the direc-
tive in Lusaka yesterday when
the toured the mass media
complex and the area around
it which is earmarked for
various Government projects
including housing units.

Mr Mundia instructed the
National Housing Authority in
conjunction with building con-
tractors to set an example in
building decent and cheaper
houses for Government
workers.

The houses should have at
least three to four bedrooms

and be decent enough for

human occupation.
He said: ‘‘We have got no
more time for shanty com-

pounds. We need proper
houses with three to four
bedrooms.”

Individuals who | needed
more land on which to build
personal houses should ‘‘go
back to the land’’ and leave
room for workers.

“All individuals who want
more land should be given
five to ten hectares in peri-
urban areas so that they can
grow food to feed people’.

4700/1899

Space

He asked the Commission
of Lands to see to it that
no extension of individual
houses was made to the area
around Chainama up to the
supermarket.

Designers should make sure
that they left enough space
from the road for traffic pur-

Ses.

Visitors should distinguish
houses built by the National
Housing Authority from those
built and owned by indivi-
duals.

Turning to workers, he said
the Government would build
houses for ZBS, Zana and ZIS
staff in the space at the com-
plex to alleviate transport
problems they were facing be-
cause of living far away from
their working places.

The Prime Minister ordered
the Commission of Lands to
stop allocating plots within the
areas around the complex to
individuals as this was reser-
ved for Government staff
housing schemes.

He told local government
engineers, planners and Lu-
saka district authorities that
the land opposite Chainama
Hospital should be developed
for attractive flats and houses
to impress visitors driving
along the Great East Road
from the Internationa! Airport.

128

‘*We don’t want to have new
chanties along the road and
other urban areas, and allow-
ing individuals to build selt-
styled houses in urban areas is
tantamount to promoting the
mushrooming of shanties.”*

The houses for the staff at
the mass media complex site
would be built by the Ministry
of Works and Supply while
those opposite Chainama Hos-
pital would be built by the
Youth Brigade builders and
National Housing Authority.

The idea was to put the
houses and flats up as cheaply
as possible,

He also visited the flats
being built for the staff of the
Preferential Trade Area (PTA)
and Copper Producing and
Exporting Countries (CIPEC)
close to the Zambia State
Insurance Corporation (ZSIC)
flats in Rhodes Park.

He urged the foreman there
to work flat out as the two
organisations would be open-
ing their offices in Lusaka in
the next two months.

Mr Mundia was accompan-
ied on the tour by Ministers ot
Information and Broadcasting,
and Works and Supply Mr
Mark Yambatamba and Mr
Haswell Mwale respectively,
permanent secretary tor Infor-
mation and Broadcasting Mr
Edward Lubinda and Mr
George Pelekamoyo Lusaka
Province permanent secretary
and Lusaka council officials.



BOTSWANA

Parliament Wants Frontiers Redefined
(Kwapeng Modikwe; DAILY NEWS, 23 Aug 82) cccccccccceccece

CAMEROON

Cocoa Prices Up
(CAMEROON TRIBUNE, 25 Aug 82) ceccccccccccccvcccccscececs

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Obiang Presents Constitution for Popular Referendum
(WEST AFRICA, 23 Aug 82) ccccccccccccccveccccccsccscccces

Massive 'Yes' for New Constitution
(AFRICA AFP, 27 Aug 82) cscccecccccccccccccccccsscscceces

Briefs
First Hispanophone Conference

GABON

Petroleum Exploitation Draft Agreements
(LIUNION, 17-18 Jul 82) .ccccccccccccccncccccscsccesscces

LESOTHO

BOSS Attempt To Discredit Defector Alleged
(Editorial; LESOTHO WEEKLY, 6 Aug 82) csccccccccecesecece

NAMIBIA

Reportage on Alleged Secret Meeting
(THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER, various ates) scecccccescsccccces

Summit on Hough's Farm
Disavowal by Hough
Denial From Mudge

De Klerk's Dismissal in Perspective
(Leon Kok; WINDHORK OBSERVER, 1 Sep 82) cecseccencesecece

Colored Leader Tongue-Lashes Mudge
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 1 Sep 82) ssccecccccccccscceccceceece

OC Spells out the Future of SWATF
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Sep 82) secseccscsccccccccsccccccessececs


cso:

4700/1889

for Reform.

Evidence of French
support came last
March when rebels led
by Jange Patasse
(Prime Minister under
Bokassa) seized the
Bangui. radio station
but were overpowered
.by troops led by a
French secret service

_aman. “
, Patasse then took re
tuge in the French Em-
bassy in Bangui, which
later arranged for him
to be quietly exiled to
Togo. .

France, which has a.

military base and re-

teins 1200 trocps, and
‘whith also foots the

bills (last ‘year it paid
about R80 milhon) is
now pressing the Kol:
ing>a . Government to
organise itself. :

It -w2nts Kolingba to
appoint civilian Minis.
ters and make at least a
teken move towards
elections and civilian
tule.

Kolingba, respected
as @ career military
man, has so far ex-
pressed no political am-
bitions,

A report from
Government —_ councils
suggests inviting the
Russians back —- to

106

'» Bangui

provide health services,
which the country

hacks. mn
Kolingba is not out-
spokenly anti - South

African. Shops in Ban-
gui still offer the
South African canned
fruit, vegetables and
meat, which comes in
through Libreville,
Gabon. :

His main problem —
like that of his
predecessors — is that
the country has no
Sound economic base. .

Only some 50000 of

, the 2,3 million people

are in paid. jobs —

about’ half in the

4000strong ‘army and

the civil service, the

rest being ‘servants,
drivers and other low-
paid workers.

. As for South Africa’s
hopes, these seem to be

4 enshrined, in a boarded

‘up building site in
where, during
Rokassa’s regime South
African interests em-
barked on building a
500-bed hotel.

Work was abandoned
fhysteriouslv nine years
after it started. They
still talk in whispers af
the grand thefts from
‘the site of everything
from .timber to: televi-
sion. sets.



Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 2 Sep 82 p 1

[Text]

emerged since then have
increased strains between
the DTA and the SA
Government.

Mr Mudge hinted to the
Windhoek Rotary Club
recently that he strongly
feared that the inhabitants
of SWA would be betrayed
by SA if a UN election is
imposed on SA which is
not free-and fair.

Mr Mudge has apparent-
ly also been extremely con-
cerned that the SA
Government Iras been giv-
ing too much recognition,
and attention to the ethnic
leaders in‘SWA at the ex-
pense of the Ministers’
Council and the DTA.

There has also been a
running fight between the
Ministers’ Council and the
Defence Force over the
liaison committee which
was set up between the
Defence Force and the
Owambo Government to
handle grievances against
the Defence Force.

Mr Mudge has made it
clear that this issue should
be handled at first-tier
government level and not
at representative authority
level.

The = SA-Government
supporting newspaper The
Citizen reported in a lead
article recently that all was
not well between the DTA
and the SA Government.

The article was

photostated in great.

numbers by the Ministers’
Council and the DTA and
widely distributed amongst
DTA members.

The article was regarded
as a government ‘plant’

which described the dif-
ficulties and outlined its
own standpoint.

Advertiser columnist Bill
Hulme who is closely con-
nected to the DTA has
reacted vehemently in his
column during the past two
weeks to The Citizen arti-
‘cle.

DTA Information Of-
ficer Mr Klaus Wolff also
sent off a letter to the
Editor of the Citizen, Mr
Johnny Johnson, last week,
protesting about the article.

Mr Mudge meanwhile
has kept a low profile.

The first person to
publicly suggest _alter-

natives to Resolution 435,

was DTA Deputy Presi-
dent Dr Ben Africa at.a
meeting in Rehoboth three
weeks ago.

UDI

Dr Africa said that if
Resolution 435 fell
through, the inhabitants of
SWA would have to con-
sider the options of setting
a government of national
unity, a new constitution or
a UDI declaration.

Asked after the meeting
by The Advertiser whether
these options had been
taken up by the Ministers’
Council or the DTA with
the SA Government, Dr
Africa replied emphatically
in the negative.

Ironically however the
options suggested by Dr
Africa have been at the
very basis of the discus-
sions between the AG, the
Ministers’ Council and the
ethnic leaders and were the
major issue in the Pieter-
sburg summit.

Disavowal by Hough

’“In Pietersburg it was
jointly decided to keep
quiet about these matters
until the present initiative
of Resolution 435 clearly
fell flat over the Cuban is-
sue.

US Assistant Secretary
on Africa at the US State
Department, Dr Chester
Crocker, has hinted public-
ly already that the US is
not prepared to take the
negotiations much beyond
the end of this year if full
agreement is clearly out of
reach.

Significantly however
Mr Hough said last week
on an Afrikaans TV
programme that the people
in SWA would know in the
near future which way the
wind would blow concern-
ing their future.

The Advertiser unders-
tands however that if an
alternative to Resolution
435 is sought, it will only
be regarded by the SA
Government, the Ministers’
Council and ethnic leaders
as an interim measure. Mr
Mudge said as much in a
public statement last week.

It is apparently felt that
SWA will eventually have
to broach Resolution 435 if
true independence and in-
ternational recognition is
to be achieved.

The interim situation will
allow for the interim con-
stitution AG 8 to be
changed or removed and it
will allow for the building
of internal parties anew to
take on Swapo. These two
aspects are regarded by the
SA Government as major
worrying factors at pre-
sent.

THE Adnministrator-General, Mr
Danie Hough, said last night allegations
‘that he and South African officials had
‘contrived a plan for new interim govern-
{ment in the Territory based purely on
ethnic grounds, were devoid of all truth.

27



[Editorial]

THE Government’s reform plan faces its ma-
jor test at the Transvaal National Party con-

* gress, starting in Pretoria today.

There will be searching questions. There will
be misgivings among some delegates.

But we don’t see any heated controversy de-
veloping, or any farther major walkout of
party members

For, as the Natal and Free State congresses of
the NP have shown, the party faithful may
have qualms about reform but they will not
abandon the NP because of those qualms.

Those who had the courage of their convic-
tions have already quit the party, forming or
joining the Conservative Party.

There is no sign that conservatives remaining
in the party are planning a rebellion.

With possibly only minor dissent, the reform
plan should be passed by the congress with
the customary acclamation.

However, we do not think any of the party’s
leaders, least of all the Prime Minister, will
believe this will be the end of the story.

Opposition to the reform plan is building up at
the grassroots.

Mr Pik Botha, the Minister of Foreign Affairs
and a leading verligte, admitted at the week-
end that the Government was bringing an
unpopular message to its people and that
there was resistance to change in the country.

“Nobody gladly accepts change because the
familiar always brings security.

“Let’s face it,” he added candidly, “there is
resistance to change in all of us.”

Nevertheless, Mr Botha made it clear that the
National Party would stand or fall by its pro-
posals, even if they were unpopular.

‘The Government would have to do what was
necessary for victory over South Africa’s
enemies, no matter how unpopular this was,

: or whether it cost the National Party votes,
he said.

There are voices in Afrikanerdom which
would have preferred the Government to re-

; think its proposals in order to make them
more acceptable to the volk.

‘There are voices in Afrikanerdom which

* would have placed unity above reform as
planned, claiming there is no purpose in put-
ting forward proposals that split the volk, for

cso: 4700/1929

86

* what good will it do if South Africa seeks
® safety from its external enemies but sections
: of the volk look upon each other as enemies
© within our borders? , _
‘But the Prime Minister, like Mr Pik Botha,
. has made it clear that the Government will
not backtrack.
So the party will rally behind the Prime Minis-
* ter, reform will go ahead no matter what the
+ Right says, and the split in the ranks of Afri-
«_kanerdom will become irrevocable.
: This is not something we regard with equanim-
: ity, since if the’ ruling tribe is divided, the
< country is that much more endangered.
‘There is this further aspect: The alternative to
reform, in the view of the Conservative Par-
£ ty, is a return to the doctrinaire apartheid of
tthe 1970s.
Can the Whites afford to dig in behind the
: barricades of Wit baasskap?

‘Can the country be saved by excluding the
° Coloureds and Asians, never mind the
$ Blacks, from any say in decision-making?

Can recalcitrance be a better watchword than
} reform at a time when Rhodesia has col-
{ lapsed, South West Africa is likely to end up
| in Black hands, and the enemy is at the
gates?

'Since this newspaper has always believed in

change, it cannot see how the country can
£ accept no change as a basis for safeguarding
; itsfuture.

On the other hand, if leaders distance them-
{ selves from their followers, can unpopular
{ reform be achieved except at dire cost to the
: unity of the volk and the nation?

e difference is thus not just between those
} who are for and those against change, but
over what degree of change should be intro-
duced. .
‘This argument will continue in the months to
come, no matter how much support reform
{gets at party congresses.
For in the end, the conundrum for South Afri-
* ca is this: Is the Government providing too
» much or too little reform — and can a coun-
try like ours survive without any reform at
all? .

The future of South Africa will be determined

by the answer.



cso:

er on the spread of riotin
from the black and col
townships on the Cape Flats
in September 1976 to Cape
Town's city centre:

“This is the work of cun-
ning people ... intended to
involve the general public (a
euphemism for whites,
notes Western) in what had
up til then been confined to
black and brown residential
areas, helping to create a cri-
sis hosis and thereby en-
surag much more publicity.”

Western comments:

not as intolerable as violence
and riot in the white city.”
The strategic motive also

in the middle, the coloureds
Indians.

and
“For the 90% of all the co-
loureds who lived in the Cape
Province in 1950, the Act was
the ‘first. legal restraint
on the property rights,

4700/1889

why assault the Indians so
heavily with the Act? Strate-
fept perhaps in Durbes Tae
fekzen is economic: -
“ whites’ fear
and eny ofthe Indian was a
source of rt
rar nay nce Pa
tion, whereby wealth was
obligatorily redistributed
from’ the Indians to the
whites.” But this su

ing Durban ae hea
ready

been devising a strate.
gy to redirect investment
from Indian business to Eng-
lish-dominated commerce
“even though the English sec-
tor was already the most eco-
nomically privileged in South
African society”...
‘Another way in which
Group Areas has worked to
the economic advantage of
whites and to the detriment
of blacks, coloureds and Indi-
ans has been through the ren-
ovation of housing, but this
Western sees as “property
market Gpportunism on the
part of white realtors”, rath-
er than a conscious aim of the
Act. :

Whites gained financially
by buying and then renting or
reselling the renovated
homes of people ejected by
the Act. In Cape Town smal
houses into which coloured
families had crowded were
now “remodelled bijou Chel-
sea cottages occupied by
middle class whites at a
much lower density”.
Western gives some stag-
gering examples of how
prices rose in Mow-
bray during the 1960s follow-
ing Group Areas removals of
coloured and the “chelseafi-
cation” of their houses —
houses which were by no
means slums. He took the
trouble to find out who the
directors were of the com-

81

panies who made those prof.
table transactions.
“The directors were local

and Claremont.

“And one of the architects
involved in these profitable
speculations, who lived in a
cottage in Newlands once oc-
cupied by coloureds, was
then busying himself without
self-effacement in liberal-re-
formist Progressive Federal
party politics and with prob-

of low-cost housing, be-

ing concerned about the se-

vere housing shortage for

coloured people on the Cape

_ Flats... to which he had in a
sense contributed.”

There is much else in “Out-
cast Cape Town”, to make
the white reader wince
(black readers, one suspects,
will know it all too well).

What of the effect on the
coloureds themselves? Be-
sides the pain and insecurity,
there is the destruction, as
Western sees the removal of
the coloureds from District
Six, of “one of the symbols of
whatever identity
may exist.” °

le asks whether the depri-
vation of security and identi-
ty is not leading coloureds,
especially young coloureds,
to forge new loyalties — with
blacks. There was evidence
of this in the 1976 riots.

Before 1948 Cape Town
was the least segregated city
ip southern ica. It has

transformed by : the
Group Areas ‘Act. Humanis-
ic geography, says Western,
implies looking at the city
through thé texture of the
lives of its inhabitants.
~ “Seen this way, the aston
ishing physical beauty-of the
Cape Peninsula is metamor-
phosed into a remarkably
leak experience of living for
many Capetonians.”



In a detailed analysis of the current situation, the participants found that
one of the factors hindering progress in industry resides in the great ir-
regularity in the supply of raw materials, secondary materials, and spare
parts. This situation has caused extremely serious consequences in the
efforts made in the area of enterprise production and organization, thus
making more difficult the attempts launched to overcome the current supply
shortage in terms of foreign resources with a view to minimizing the paralysis
of the industrial establishment. The representatives of 90 enterprises through-
out the country found that, in spite of current difficulties, it has been pos-
sible in qualitatively superior terms to prepare the 1983 plan draft which
contains the control figures approved for the first time in advance; this
permitted a broad and fruitful discussion of the industrial production plan
for the next year on more realistic and objective bases.

According to the final meeting document, the replacement of imports so as to
attain these objectives will have to be subjected to the conditions deriving
from the final results of production and supply plan execution. Keeping in
mind the current level of development within the national planning system, the
production sector planning offices will have to have authority in any case
that may come up to give their opinion on the importing of products that can
be replaced by domestic products before their licensing by agencies of the
Ministry of Foreign Trade on the basis of the above-mentioned activity reports.

Speech by Pascoal Luvualu

In closing the meeting, Pascoal Luvualu, of the Political Bureau, Central
Committee, MPLA-Labor Party, delivered an important address in which he noted
that the goals established by the plan must have the proper national and
international projection so that no mistakes will be made, such as they had
been made in earlier years. Talking about the country's current financial
situation, he emphasized that it springs, on the one hand, from the aggression
of the South African racists and, on the other hand, from the drop in inter-
national price levels.

The Party Political Bureau member also said that the capitalist countries are
trying hard to shift their financial situation to the underdeveloped countries,
forcing a decline in prices of products turned out by the latter and raising
their prices through blackmail.

In conclusion, the UNTA secretary-general congratulated the members on the
results of their work because, as he said, "These results will permit a sub-
stantial improvement in the organizational level of the country's enterprises."

5058
CSO: 4742/391



But this must not obscure the most important aspect, i.e., the failure of the
Reunionese educational system.

No one denies it any longer today. The reasons for this failure are essentially:
the very unfair socioeconomic and sociocultural conditions for tens of thousands
of school children; the total unsuitability of teaching methods and programs;
the language problem, which has not been attacked seriously and in the sole
interest of Reunionese children. -

B. Culture, Information and Freedom
A peculiarity of the Reunionese people is their diversity of ethnic composition.

Under its specific historic and economic conditions, the island has been popu-
lated by peoples from Europe, Africa, Madagascar, India and Asia.

Reunionese culture is defined by all the activities of the country's men and
women.

Nothing has been done to help it to develop. Nothing has been done to facilitate
exchanges with the region's peoples.

The rightist government's cultural policy was based on a desire for excessive
assimilation. Such an approach is unacceptable. It is offensive to the dignity
of Reunionese.

Information:

In a country in which illiteracy is very high and where printed matter is ex-
pensive, radio and television have an essential role.

The right had confiscated FR III, [expansion unknown].

Using that forum, for years it broadcast its propaganda, bombarded the popula-
tion with its slogans and distorted the policy of leftist forces, mainly that

of the Communist Party.

Freedom:

The exercise of real freedom means the possibility of exercising one's rights,
starting with those declared in the constitution: the right to work, the right
to health, the right to leisure, the right to an occupation, the right to culture,
the right to information, the right to knowledge, the right to housing.

For the majority of Reunionese, the exercise of these rights could not be
guaranteed during 25 years of rightist government.

Election fraud has tainted the political history of the last 24 years. As
a result, the right has been able to keep its men in positions of responsibility.

51



cso:

overlooked or rated as politically irrele-
vant. Treating the middle grounders in
this way fits in well with the Inevitable
Racial War approach to South Africa:
with an irresistible (black) force hurtling
towards an immovable (white) object.
there is no room for compromises. Middle
grounders are then regarded as obstruct-
ionists, in effect standing in the way of a
self-fulfilling prophesy. Compromise
options propounded by middle grounders
are dismissed as games or tricks. Of
course, many outside observers do not
relish a Final Showdown in South Africa,
but they are still highly sceptical about
the existence of a meaningful middle
ground in such a polarised community
and about the chances of success of
compromise politics.

There is, however, also an encouraging
side for the middle grounders, in that
there are foreign scholars who seriously
explore middle ground options for South
Africa. Foremose among them are a hand-
ful of astute West German academics,
some of whom have the added advantage
of entree to members of the South
African ruling elite (which in no way
makes them apologists for apartheid).
Sadly, their endeavours fail to get the
wider recognition they deserve in South
Africa, one reason being the heavy Anglo-
Saxon orientation of our academic
community.

Coming to the non-compromisers in
the leftist camp, they too are influenced
by external opinion. The bulk of world
opinion is already ranged on the side of
the ‘liberation movements’ in their armed
struggle, and this fact understandably
encourages the pursuit of a zero-sum out-
come. But even where the radicals do not
enjoy such open support, they are still
strengthened by the wideranging opinion,
also in governing circles in Western States,

4700/1891

93

that history is on the side of the black

non-compromisers: in time, the argument

goes, South Africa will inevitably go the

way of Rhodesia, and there will be no

middle ground between white minority

tule and black majority rule a la African
le.

Clearly, there is no lack of formidable
forces actually or potentially working
against the middle grounders. As if
domestic factors do not already make
their position difficult enough, inter-
national opinion further complicates
it. The middle grounders’ fate is, in fact,
for a large part determined by others.

Looking ahead, it cannot be overlook-
ed that the middle grounders, if shunned
by international opinion and paralysed by
mounting domestic polarisation, would
be faced with a profound dilemma, find-
ing themselves between the devil and the
deep blue sea, so to speak. They too may
then be forced to choose sides between
the two opposing poles, or may simply
opt out altogether by leaving South Afri-
ca. The white middle grounders who
prefer to remain, are likely to choose the
‘devil’ they know, and rally round under
the banner of white South Africa, rather
than deliver themselves to the ‘deep blue
sea’ of unacceptable foreign demands
coupled with radical black demands.
Former black middle grounders are like-
wise bound to choose the ‘devil’ they
know.

With racial polarisation then as com-
plete as can be, the ideal setting will have
been provided for the Final Showdown
so long clamoured for by the radicals and
prophesied by the sceptics.

The point has not been reached, thus
leaving the middle grounders with room
for manoeuvre. They face heavy odds and
time is a scarce commodity — but then
the stakes are so high. . . ea



SOJA CHAIRMAN VISITS CHINA

Mogadishu HEEGAN in English 27 Aug 82 p 6

{Article by Sonna]

[Text]

MOGADISHU, Thursday
— The President of the
Somali Journalists As-
sociation (SOJA), Jaalle
Ahmed Omar = Ashari,
now visiting People’s
Republic of China at the
head of a Somali dele-
gation, has briefed high
placed Chinese officials
on the simmering situat-
ion currently prevailing
in the Horn of Africa
which has been further
aggravated by the naked
aggression committed
against the SDR by Eth-
iopia and her allies in
their armed attack on So-
mali territory.

Jaalle Ashari told the
Chinese comrades about
Somalia’s strong desire
for the maintainance of
peace and order in the
region based on good
neighbourliness and ci-
ted as a living example’
President Siads repea-
ted offer to meet with
the Ethiopian leadership

72

anywhere at any time in
order to find a sound so-
lution to the problems
existing between the two
countries.

Menwhile, another
delegation from the So-
mali Ministry of Infor-
mation & National Gui-
dance left for Peking on
an invitation extended to
it by the Chinese Govern-
ment.

The delegation which
will be headed by the
General Manager of the
National Theatre, Jaalle
Abdi Hashi, a member of
the National Assembly,
is composed of journalis-
ts, composers, playwrigh-
ts, and academicians.

The Assistant Minis-
ter of Information and
National Guidance, Dr.
Khalif Musa Samatar, in
a brief address on the
occasion referred to the
cordial and deep rooted
friendly relations bet-
ween the two countries

SOMALIA



COLORED LEADER TONGUE-LASHES MUDGE

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 1 Sep

[Text ]

CHAIRMAN of the
Ministers’ Council Dirk
Mudge was a dictator
whose days of bribery
Politics were catching up
with him, Mr Barney
Barnes, Chairman of the
Coloured Administra-
tion’s Executive said
yesterday.

He was addressing the
Coloured Legislative As-
sembly in Khomasdal dur-
ing its special session cal-
led to table two motions.

The one motion deals
with the recent announce:
ment of a probe into al-
leged maladministration of
Government funds in
Namibia, and the other
calls for the immediate
suspension of all bird ex-
ports from the Territory.

The Black leaders in the
DTA were all completely
dependent on Mr Mudge,
and that is why they con-
tinued supporting him, Mr
Barnes said.

“Dirk Mudge continues
with his lollipop politics
because they (the Black
DTA leaders) always have
to be licked,” he said.

The Coloured leader
likened the Ministers’
Council to’ the “losers
political club of Namibia”
because most of the leaders
on it did not enjoy the ma-
jority support of their peo-
ple.

Mr Barnes was speaking

33

82 p 3

on_a motion tabled by
MEC Dawid
Bezuidenhout.

It thanked the Ad-
ministrator General for the
decision to launch a
judicial commission of in-
quiry into alleged ir-
Tegularities in Government
finance, and called on the
AG to allow the inquiry to
include a probe into:

@ How many members of
the Ministers’ Council and
National Assembly

received State loans for the
purchase of houses, farms,
stock or businesses.
@ How many members of
the Ministers’ Council and
the National Assembly
who received fixed or
movable property with
State finance, disposed of
these, and what profit they
made.
@How many of the farms
sold by the Chairman of
the Ministers’ Council
since 1978 were sold with
the assistance of Govern-
ment finance and what
amounts were involved.
Mr Barnes also called on
the AG to allow for
evidence before the com-
mission to be made in
public and urged him. to
prove his impartiality by
appointing a chairman to
the commission which was
not associated with Mr
Mudge in any way.
POWER-CRAZY
“When Dirk Mudge
stabbed his people in the

NAMIBIA



Secretariat's Press Conference
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 7~8 Aug 82 p 2

[Text] On behalf of the PCR Secretariat, our comrades Paul Verges, Elie Hoarau
and Lucet Langenier informed the press of the major features of the Reunion
development plan prepared by the PCR; the plan was adopted by our party's
Central Committee on 4 August.

Elie Hoarau provided a brief appraisal of the economic policy of the right,
which governed our island for 30 years, an appraisal characterized by the
serious crisis in the various sectors of our economy as a result of a colonial
policy followed until 1946 and a policy of assimilation with departmentalization.
The Communist Party proposes three ways of halting the country's underdevelop-
ment and putting it on the path of progress: maintaining and increasing
solidarity, the practice of solidarity among Reunionese themselves, and giving
Reunionese responsibility in the affairs of their country.

Technical and financial resources will, of course, be added to these major
principles. In any case, the mobilization of public capital will constitute
the driving force of development. This mobilization can be achieved through
the establishment of a Special Investment Fund (FIS) with a percentage of
public transfers and sums allocated for solidarity among Reunionese. Thus
each year, 1 billion francs will be injected directly into Reunion's productive
sector and into the social sector.

All of these arrangements require, of course, a review of the income policy
based on the cost of living, precise planning of development and real coordina-
tion among social partners. In his report, Elie Hoarau also talked about

the possibilities of developing agriculture, fishing, industry and crafts.

And one of the priorities of this new policy is the creation of jobs.

With the program which it has proposed, the Communist Party plans to offer
work to more than 10,000 Reunionese each year. It is obvious that the problem
of employment cannot be solved in the short term. "It will take at least

a generation to reach a satisfactory situation," Elie Hoarau stated.

He also stressed a unique aspect of the Reunion development program prepared

by the PCR concerning regional redeployment. "Reunion must be reincorporated
into its geographical environment. With public transfers and the market created
on Reunion, we can participate in the French Government's policy of aid to
neighboring countries," he stated.

Following this description of the major aspects of our country's development
program proposed by the PCR, our comrade Paul Verges answered journalists’
questions, which were concerned in particular with the program of the Socialist
Party Federation and regional redeployment.

The detailed program is currently being put into final form and will be printed
in the next few days and published by the end of the month. We are publishing
the dominant major features of this development plan for Reunion on pages

11, 12, 13 and 14.

45



Probe Already Begun

THE formation of an umbrella sports body for all universities is already under
investigation by university bodies.

The chairman of the South African Universities Sports Council, Professor
Tjaart van der Walt, rector of Potchefstroom University, said:

"We have been investigating the possibilities of an umbrella body for all
universities for quite a while now.

"The main aim of the investigation is to try to get bigger participation [word
missing] sports meetings from all universities

But it was not easy to get all South African universities to participate [word
missing] professor said.

"The problem is very much [word missing] cal," he added.

HSRC Sports Report Released

ONE of the most com- -

prehensive investiga-
tions yet undertaken
into sport was re-
leased in Pretoria
yesterday by the Min-
ister of National Edu-
cation, Dr Gerrit Vil-
joen.

Releasing the report
of the main committee
of the Human Sciences
Research Council, Dr
Viljoen said he hoped
the Government would
be in a position next
year to. express its
views on it, or parts of
it.

At a Press confer-
ence, he said the Gov-
ernment was aware
that the research and
the writing of the re-
port and the component
reports . required a
great deal of work.

“The total of 154 rec-
ommendations cover a
wide field, affect a
great many private and
public bodies and are, in
sbme cases drastic.

(“It will therefore be
understood that the
Government cannot im-
mediately decide on the
report but would like
first to give the public,
particularly interested

parties, an opportunity
to study the report and
its. recommendations
thoroughly and to com-
ment.”

The report —_ was,
therefore, now ‘being
released for general in-
formation and interest-
ed bodies and members
of the public were in-
vited to submit: theit
comments to'the Direc-

tor-General of National,
Education, Private Bag,

‘X122, Pretoria, before
the end of the year.

The HSRC report, Dr
Viljoen said, covered a
wide field, but three as-
pects were of particular
importance. These
were:

@ The _responsibili-
ties of society, particu-
larly the authorities, in
providing sport;

@ The inadequate
way sport in South
Africa was, organised
overall and the recom-
mendation arising from
this that a structure be
created for the co-ordi-
nated provision of sport
by the formation of an
SA: Sports Council, in-
cluding the. proposals
for its composition,
powers and functions;
and

114

@ The way.in which
‘the activities of the
council should, accord-
ing to the report, be fi-
manced from Govern-
ment and other
sources.

The investigation, Dr
Viljoen said, revealed
clearly that the admin-
istration of sport was
hampered by a badly
fragmented ‘overall
management sttuctureé.

“When the proposed
structure of the Sports
Council . is” considered,
however, thorough con-
sideration will have to
be given to the objec-
tives, composition and
powers of such a coun-
cil.

“Furthermore, the
recommendations con-
cerning the advantages
and necessity of the
continued existence of
certain national sport-
ing bodes in addition to
the proposed Sports
‘Council with its strong
overall co-ordinating
functions ‘will have to
‘be carefully consider-
\ ‘The report, Dr Vil-
joen’ said, ‘had’ been
drawn up from the
point of view of a phil-
osophy that awarded
high priority to the role

’


or 58.14 percent, had monthly incomes between 1,000 and 3,000 francs; 9,450
households, or 7.40 percent, had monthly incomes between 3,000 and 5,000 francs;
10,000 households, or 7.40 percent, had incomes of over 12,000 francs; 1,750
households, or 1.30 percent, had incomes of over 12,000 francs, [as published].

Family Benefits and Overall Parity:

With regard to family benefits, the rightist government did not meet the expec-
tations of families. Not only did it fail to satisfy the legitimate demand
for a family-benefits system as close as possible to that of France, but in
1980 it also decided to freeze the FASO [expansion unknown] allocation at its
1979 level, thus deliberately deviating from the principle of overall parity,
which it had itself proclaimed.

Such a position is intolerable and the leftist government can only take a
different approach in the coming years.

Regarding the use of FASO funds, it is unacceptable that they have long been
used, and this has not completely stopped, for operations which are not in
keeping with their designated purpose (AROF [expansion unknown], AREP [Reunionese
Association for Popular Education], Military Preparatory School, ARAJUFA [ex-
pansion unknown]).

Emigration:

In view of the social situation created by unemployment and poverty, the govern-—
ment organized the emigration of young people in order to avoid an "explosion."

Carried out on a massive scale and not with the aim of advancing, but rather
of getting rid of young people, emigration has led to the expatriation of
72,000 Reunionese (42,000 young men and 30,000 young women).

B. Health Care:

Health care in Reunion is characterized, in particular, by:

Priority being given to curative medicine rather than to preventive medicine.
Very high cost of health care in comparison to mediocre results.

For example, it may be noted that the number of cases of illnesses which must
be reported did not decline between 1975 and 1979. The same is true of venereal
diseases.

3. Failure of the Policy of Assimilation

It is undeniable that a significant effort has been made to develop educational
establishments, the education of Reunionese children and to recruit personnel
for this purpose.

For the 1977-78 academic year, Reunion's education budget was 1 billion francs,

or 14.6 percent of the Reunionese GNP [gross national product], compared with
only 6 percent in France.

50



Major Features of Plan
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 7-8 Aug 82 pp 11-14

[Text] Reunionese are going through a vital stage in their history. This
stage began on 10 May 1981 when the candidate of the left, the bearer of the
French people's hopes, was elected president of the French Republic.

While he was a candidate in the presidential election, this president formulated
a proposal for Overseas Departments [DOM]: Proposal 58 of his platform.

In its statement of 27 April 1981, right after the first round of voting, the
Central Committee of the Communist Party said that the proposals of item 58
of Francois Mitterrand's platform constituted an acceptable framework for pro-
moting social progress and development.

Since that date, things have taken definite shape. Reunion, like the other
overseas departments, will have an assembly, elected by proportional vote and
having the duty of administering both the department and the region.

At the end of the year, the president of the republic will promulgate the law
that will adapt the law on the rights of communes, departments and regions
to the specific characteristics of overseas departments.

This law, still in the planning stage, confirms the continuation of departmental
status and is intended to put an end to all attempts by the right to institute
proceedings for any change in status.

The law of decentralization and the measures for adaptation to DOM give Reunionese
the political means for development. It is up to them to seize this opportunity.

We are confident that they will do so; the elections for the General and Regional
Council will be held in 1983.

The conditions are now being created so that the reactionaries will be defeated;
the left will win.

Then what will be its policy? What will its choices be? What solutions will
it provide for Reunion's numerous, complex and definitely distressing problems?

The Reunionese Communist Party, which acquired its experience during 23 years

of struggle at the side of vital forces and in favor of the most underprivileged,
today makes its contribution to the great debate on development, its ways and
its means.

Appraisal
At a time when the left will be called on to direct the country's affairs,

it is good to make an uncompromising appraisal of the policy followed by the
right, a policy which has led to our present acknowledgment of a crisis.

6



plan as it is being drafted.

When the last election was held, the Presi-
dent’s Council had not reported on con-
stitutional reform; the Government had
not indicated what line it would take if
and when the council reported.

The Prime Minister has admitted that the
plan deviates from that which the NP put
forward in 1977.

Moreover, the plan has still to be worked
out in its fullest detail.

When it is completed, the plan should go
before the nation; the approval of Nat-
ional Party provincial congresses to the
principles involved is not enough.

No plan thrust down the throats of oppo-
nents, without their being given their
chance to register their opposition, will
succeed in the long run,

It-is true that opposition to the plan will

_ Rot melt away if a referendum shows
that the majority of South,Africans ap-

. prove the plan. Pre peer

But at least the nation’s’ will will have
been tested and the minority will have to
abide by the view of the majority, as hap-
pened in the case of the referendum on
the Republic. +

It is said that the Government will not

_ hold a referendum for fear of losing it,

cso:

but even though there is growing opposi-
tion to the reform plan, we doubt
whether the anti-reform forces will mus-

4700/1887

75

ter a majority.

Will back it

Indeed, when it comes to a referendum,
the mainly English-speaking Opposition
parties, the Progressive Federal Party
and the New Republic Party, will throw
their support behind the Government on
the basis that some reform, whatever its ,
limitations, is better than none.

Already the. New Republic Party has of-
fered the PFP an election pact in the Jo-
hannesburg North by-election — the
NRP to stand back provided the PFP re-
considers its rejection of the reform pro-

* posals, which the NRP considers to “be
the start of a new initiative.”

We can be sure the NRP, although it has
some reservations, will come out for the
plan in a referendum.

The PFP, whatever it says now, will also
support it, we believe, on the ground that
what the Government proposes is at least
the beginning of the reform process.

However, it is not on the basis of specula-
tion on the possible outcome that our
suggestion for the holding of a referen-
dum (or an election) is based.

It is that the plan drastically changes the
face of the country and the nation should
be given the opportunity to say “yes” or

"ig" to it. ,



OPENING OF TRANSVAAL NP CONGRESS REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 82 pp 3, 6

[Article by Jaap Theron:

[Text]

THERE is a strong possi-
bility that the Transvaal
National Party congress
will discuss the Govern-
ment’s new policy guide-
lines during open session,
Dr Jannie Pieterse, gen-
eral secretary of the
Transvaal NP, said yes-
terday.

The three day congress
starts at 2.15 today when
the Transvaal NP leader,
Mr F W de Klerk, will de-
liver the opening address
in the agricultural show
hall at the Pretoria show-
grounds.

According to an earlier
controversial decision it
was decided that the
Transvaal congress would
discuss the Cabinet’s new
future policy system be-
hind closed doors.

There had apparently
been fears that Transvaal
delegates, some of whom
are known for their
strongly critical attitudes,
could turn the debate into
a clash — something the
Government would not
like following the almost
unanimous support for its
new policy at the Free

State and Natal congress-
es recently.

Dr Pieterse said yester-
day the executive would
meet this morning prior
to the beginning of the
congress to consider let-
ting the congress debate
the new policy with the
Press present.

After Mr De Klerk has
opened the congress, at-
tention will be given to
party matters.

The Prime Minister,
Mr P W Botha, will ad-
dress a public meeting in
the Pretoria City Hall to-
night.

It is understood that he
is likely to refer to the
row between the internal
parties of South West
Africa about a constitu-
tional settlement.

Although there are still
Tumours that certain NP
representatives want to
defect to the Conserva-
tive Party because of the
Government’s new poli-
cy, they are not expected
to cause a showdown at
the Transvaal congress
this week.

It will be Mr De Klerk’s
first appearance as Trans-
vaal NP leader at the
Transvaal NP congress,
and he is expected to be
re-elected unopposed.

85

"NP Congress To Keep Doors Open?"]

The Transvaal head
committee as well as the
executive have already
approved a proposal that
every Transvaal Cabinet
Minister will automatical-
ly be a member of the
Transvaal NP executive.

This week’s congress
will be asked to confirm
these decisions with the
result that the composi-
tion of the executive
could change consider-
ably.

The new policy guide-
lines will be discussed to-
morrow morning in the
presence of the Prime
Minister.

Other important resol-
utions to be discussed to-
morrow include one from
Rustenburg which sug-
gests that sensitive deci-
sions on Government le-
vel should only be made
public after deliberations
have been completed with
all parties, and one from
the Overvaal constitu-
ency, which suggests that
the Government includes
a declaration of rights —
regarding the principle of
own affairs of each popu-
lation group — in its evi-
saged new constitution.



cso:

4700/1778

Really, the Asians who eventually settled
in East Africa were brought there as
technicians and labourers by the colo-
nial railways to provide cheap labour.
Throughout the colonial period, they
stayed as British citizens, possessing
British passports.

‘When most of these countries became
independent, the Asians . maintained
their nebulous status of being Asian
indigenes carrying British passports
and living in Africa.

‘Idi Amin did not like this. He asked them

to renounce their British citizenship
and get Ugandan passports. Maybe,
because of Idi Amin’s misrule most of

“them. preferred the option of leaving

the country.

Now, if they come back, there will
be the problem of property classi-
fication, because some of them were
confisticated by the state, while the
Asians sold others to Ugandans. Even,
lf .they come now, is the govern-
ment going to tell Africans who
have been running such businesses to
suddenly give them up to please the
Asians?

By now Ugandans should pe in the
process of being masters of their eco-
nomy. And that is a magnificent
achievement.

The bill, therefore, appears retrogressive

“and very largely an anathema to the
aspiration of most Africans. ‘’ nee

ho



On the foreign aid Dr Obote noted that the government had deposited locally
and internationally everything required for reconstruction and rehabilita-
tion. But he warned of the increasing difficulties of the third world
countries to negotiate for loans and grants, due to the hard conditions
posed by the foreign donors.

He paid tribute to foreign countries and donor agencies which had assisted
Uganda.

On insecurity in some parts of the country he said the origin was political
and not violation of human rights by government organs as expressed by
some international news media.

Dr Obote lashed out at groups involved in banditry, who viewed stability
in Uganda as their greatest enemy. He deplored the bandits' habit of
distributing fake pamphlets to foreign embassies in the country purporting
that Uganda security forces were murdering people after they themselves
had acutally killed the people who had not obeyed bandits' leaflet orders
to evacuate areas of their operations.

Commenting on some foreign media reports on Uganda, Dr Obote said a year
ago the international media reported that bandits were in charge of West
Nile but now that stability had been established no reports had been issued
by them on the prevailing peaceful situation there.

The international media contribute in this way to perpetuate insecurity
in Uganda, he added.

The Governor of Bank of Uganda, Mr Leo Kibirango pledged determination
of the Institute of Bankers to mobilise resources to finance Uganda's
development efforts by playing a positive role in the recovery process.

He outlined the fundamental objectives of the Seminar as a forum for bank
executives, to share experiences and knowledge acquired in their respective
technical and management roles.

The governor said that amidst the deteriorating economic environment
created by the military dictatorship, the banking industry could only
survive by persisting with its traditional approach to lending and investing
surplus funds into treasury Bills and government stocks.

Against this background a development finance department was established
recently in the Bank of Uganda.

The department is intended to provide among other things, refinance
facilities to commercial banks and guarantee loans given by banks to small
scale industries under credit guarantee scheme.

csO: 4700/1778

126



CANCELLATION OF SOCCER TOUR RAISES ISSUES

SOUTH AFRICA

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 pp 15-16

{Article by Dr Nthato Motlana:

[Text]

HE question of the rebel soccer
Te: has raised a number of issues

including some which are enough to
drive any decent person to fury. One of
these is the hysterical racist reaction we
have been seeing from so many whites
since the tour was called off. This has
been expressed publicly in the letters
columns of the ‘white’ papers and most
noticeably in the ravings of a certain
sports reporter attached to a newspaper
which has long enjoyed the reputation of
being sympathetic to the black man’s
cause.

Blacks have been called ‘wreckers”,
“ingrates”, “spoilsports” and “immature”
among other things. One letter managed
to bring in “cannibals”. Apart from the
abysmal lack of awareness and under-
standing displayed by these white people
who refuse to countenance the existence
of broader needs than soccer and who
automatically recoil the moment any
black man fails to say “‘dankie baas” for
whatever the whites dish up for him,
it is noteworthy that there is no question
of any of these letters falling foul of the
Taw.

The South African statute books are
littered with provisions which prohibit
the cultivation of animosity between
different races, but these provisions are
only ever used one way in practice.
Should any black publication appear with
any general critical comment on the
behaviour or characteristics of whites it
can be sure to expect trouble. But it is
always open season for whites to be able
to say whatever they want about blacks.

One other result of the tour’s flop is
that there has been a mild revival of the
sporadic interest which whites show in
black attitudes in times of trouble.

110

"Lessons From the Soccer Tour")

During the troubled times of °76 and’77
white businessmen could not hear enough
of what was going on.among blacks and
there were many blacks who were over-
whelmed with invitations to address
seminars and board meetings. Then when
the heat cooled off that flow of interest
dried up. Now once again white firms
have been rudely reminded, even in a very
inexpensive way, that they had better
take account of what blacks are thinking.

One of the most senior black managers
in a certain firm tells me he had suddenly
met all of his superiors in the last few
weeks. For three years previously few of
them had even known that he was work-
ing with them.

Thirdly, the big flop has given blacks
resounding evidence that if we work
together we can achieve results.

Ate: 1976 the cohension among black
people diminished. Certain elements out-
side the country were unhappy that they
had not been adequately involved in the
events of 1976 and tried to influence all
subsequent black political activity. As a
result ideological differences became the
order of the day and there was increasing
rivalry between different factions. This
tour has broken that stranglehold for the
first time and a beautiful unity has
emerged.

The background is that when the
cricket tour was arranged the black com-
munity was appalled and outraged, but
our outrage was expressed in private and
in shebeens and in the streets of the
townships. It went no further. But when
SA Breweries invited the rebel soccer
team in the mistaken belief that black
would flock in their hundreds of



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UNIVERSITY FERMENT--PRETORIA University executive has been asked by a group

of students for permission to hold a mass meeting to protest against the Uni-
versity council decision to open the campus to other races on a selective
basis. Mr Paul Grobler, secretary of the SRC said yesterday that a specific
motion would be debated at the meeting. The wording of the motion was not

yet known, but it would "very definitely" be opposed to the opening of the
university. The campus was also rife yesterday with rumours of plans for
amass protest march. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 82 p9]

SPLIT IN NP--CAPE TOWN--It was not impossible that the Prime Minister, Mr P W
Botha, himself could become a casualty of the split in the National Party,

Dr Alex Boraine, Progressive Federal Party MP for Pinelands said last night.
Speaking at the annual general meeting of the Helderberg branch of the PFP,

Dr Boraine said everyday events underlined the fact that the split in the

NP could not be interpreted in strictly political terms. "The nationalist
giant is beginning to topple as its very foundations have shifted ground.

So far, the Prime Minister has not been able to gain new support from tradi-
tional opposition voters, because the image he presents is both obsure and
embattled. His so-called new initiatives are characterised by rhetoric rather
than by action. He is in danger of being pulled apart by forces of reaction
on the one hand, and forces of reform on the other. He stands helplessly

and timidly in the middle watching the erosion take place from both sides,"
Dr Boraine said. "Therefore, it is not impossible that the Prime Minister
himself may become a casualty of the split." Dr Boraine said the public of
South Africa apparently felt that the Government must have known about the
abortive Seychelles coup. "They must also have known about South African
soldiers being involved in the Mozambique Resistance Movement. Is it possible
that senior members of the Defence Force are unaware of what is happening
under their very noses?" he asked. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
7 Sep 82 p 8]

DOCKS 'WORKING NORMALLY'--PORT ELIZABETH--No problems were encountered with
dock-workers at the Port’ Elizabeth Harbour yesterday, Mr Leon Els, a spokesman
for the South African Transport Department said. Dockworkers arrived for

the 6 am shift and work was resumed. Mr Els said other harbours were also
functioning normally. Talks on the Port Elizabeth Harbour situation were
held yesterday by the SA Transport Department's executive in Port Elizabeth.
Stevedores working for private companies had discussed the possibility of



Feasibility studies for the 4,000 hectare farm to grow maize, soya bean,
sunflower, and factory to process the produce had been completed.

“We have the potential for growing soya beans. This crop will help us
improve the production of animal feeds," he said.

He said plans were also underway to rehabilitate agricultural institutions.
The European Economic Community (EEC) has provided funds, part of which
will be used in the training of farmers and agricultural extension staff.

The USA government has also indicated it will provide assistance for the
rehabilitation of seven district farm institutes.

Mr Ogwang added that the British government has financed a cotton produc-
tion project in Budaka and Kibuku in Tororo District.

The 300,000 pound grant has been spent on the purchase of 25,000 litres
of ripcord chemical for spraying 50,000 hoes, and 40 bicycles.

Ripcord, a Shell Chemicals Ltd product is new and the manufacturing firm
has employed 35 field staff to supervise the project.

csO: 4700/1778

12h



JPRS 81866

28 September 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2695

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Study of ECOWAS Economic Integration Efforts Reviewed
(S. K. B. Asante; WEST AFRICA, 30 Aug 82) ceccsceceseeces 1

ANGOLA

National Meeting on Ideology Opens
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, various dates) .sscccecseccccccscceces 5

Combat Against Petit Bourgeoisie
Propaganda Work Stressed

Consultative Council on Industry Holds Meeting
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, various dates) ...... 7

Goals Announced
"ore Realistic? 1983 Plan

Military Situation in Benguela Province
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Aug 82) sccecceccccccccccescsscecees 10

Productivity Seen Unsatisfactory Countrywide

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Aug 82) .... i
TAAG Opposes IATA-Decided Price Increase

(JORNAT DE ANGOLA, 12 Aug 82) cececececccesccercccncncece 13
Cahama Residents Declare Readiness To Combat Enemy

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Aug 82) cccccececcccccccccccccccece ih
Briefs

New Huila Municipalities 15

Energy Minister to USSR 15

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



SOUTH AFRICA

SOUL-SEARCHING OF AFRIKANER YOUTH DESCRIBED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 pp 11-12

[Open letter by Eban Venter:

[Text]

JHIS letter is written to my people,

I ‘the loyal Afrikaners who knew me

in my childhood asa true Afrikaner
and who now reject me and many young
Afrikaners like me because they believe
we have turned against them. It is written
in the hope that by reflecting on that
which alienates us from you, we will be
able to strengthen our ties with you,

The fundamental awareness of my
roots I hold with great reverence. In
1658, almost 3% centuries and 13 gene-
rations ago, our arch-grandfather arrived
at the Cape. Centuries later my great-
grandfather, MP Daantjie van den Heveer,
advocated the official recognition of
High-Dutch. Paul Kruger consequently
rewarded him with two gold medals and a
statue of his daughter, my great aunt, was
erected on the Burgersdorp town square.
It became South Africa’s first monument
to a language. Through my ancestors I am
thus inextricably bound to Africa and the
Afrikaans language struggle.

In addition to these bonds, I was born
and bred in the very heart of Afrikaner
traditions. I grew up on a Karoo farm, I
was a member of the Voortrekker move-
ment, the Afrikaner’s struggle for politic-
al freedom was related to me, in the eve-
nings my father read from the Family
Bible by lamplight. . .

In the Burgersdorp district, where my
family has been living and working as
sheep farmers for generations, my parents
devoted themselves to the Afrikaner
struggle for economic freedom. By the
sweat of their brow they raised the state
of our family’s standard of living from a
reasonably poor toa financially independ-
ent one. Thus the means were provided
for me to attend university after school.

103

"Heaven and Hell in the Afrikaner Struggle"]

But at the University of Potchef-
stroom, strangely enough, an “Afrikaner
bakermat van nasionaal-christelike onder-
wys” I started internalizing a critical
awareness. I became critically conscious
of my political, religious and ethical
“moulding” on the one hand and of my
“volk”, church and culture on the other
hand.

My critical apparatus was composed of
“internal” and “external” elements. At
home I was taught to love (my) people
unconditionally. And my parents never
failed in teaching me to share unselfishly,
that nobody should be favoured one
above the other and that everyone should
receive equally what yas rightfully his or
hers. Thus I was “engraved” with the
principle of love for thy neighbour and a
notion of justice. From the “outside” my
critical consciousness was sharpened by,
amongst others, discussions at university,
ideas in opposition newspapers, radical
black consciousness literature and person-
al discussions and experiences with black,
“coloured” and “Indian” communities)
in Ikageng, Zwide, Soweto and elsewhere.

The light of deeply embedded pri-
nciples and “external” perceptions bared
the darker sides of various institutions.
The NP, set on the struggle for Afrikaner
freedom, was exposed as an authoritarian,
totalitarian power forcing grave injustices
on the majority of the South African
population (this authoritarian mentality
is duplicated in the ‘“‘baas/kleinbasie”:
farm worker relationships on farms etc.).
The pure doctrines of the NG, Gere-
formeerde and Hervormde Kerke suffered
credibility as the synod and most mini-
sters and members of church fail to extri-
cate themselves in practice and theory



Measures should be taken to improve working conditions.

Dining halls should be organized for enterprises in zones with a high concentra-
tion of workers (docking facilities, industrial areas, large construction sites).

The purchasing power of workers should be improved through increased wages
and effective control of prices.

In the fundamental area of housing, the criteria for receiving housing benefits
should be reviewed in order to extend these benefits to as many people as possible.

Education

From nursery school to higher levels, education must be suited to the reality
and needs of Reunion, especially concerning its development. The content of
education will have to take into account this requirement and also the geo-
graphical context of Reunion and its history. However, the purpose of education
is to enable everyone to gain access to universal culture by means of a tool

of privileged communication: the French language.

The new ministerial provisions concerning regional native languages must be
applied in the case of creole, which must be accepted not only in schools but
everywhere: in government agencies, in the courts, on the radio, on television,
etc.

Finally, substantial measures will be applied to help children of the most
underprivileged classes: free school dining halls from nursery schools to
the last year of high school, full scholarships, free school transportation
and school needs, organization of supervised studies starting in elementary
classes, etc.

The jocation~ of “schools will have to be established in a democratic way
to assure equitable access to establishments.

Health Care

Priority must be granted to preventive medicine.

The location of health care facilities, determining the establishment of
hospitals, must be established in the interest of patients. We will give
preference to small hospital units equitably distributed throughout the terri-
tory (diagnostic and health care centers, maternity centers, local hospitals,

convalescent centers, medical-teaching institutions).

The goal is to assure the right to health care for everyone, regardless of
social standing.

Finally, there must be lookout health services with the necessary means for
protecting the island against the importation of disease.

63



In other industries, fewer jobs were created between 1975 and 1979 (+729) than
between 1970 and 1975 (+1,285).

Considering only wage earners, in 1981 the distribution among the various sectors
was the following: public sector, 36,000 wage earners; private tertiary sector,
36,000; secondary sector, 17,000; primary sector, 6,000.

2. Growth Without Development

During the last two decades, there has not been any industrial development
and our agricultural production has not increased.

In view of this situation and the very acute problems of different categories
of workers, the right proceeded to make massive public transfers.

Reunion has become a consumer market. The growing demand for goods and services
mainly affects imported products.

The value of imports has more than doubled between 1975 and 1980 (1,757,742,000
francs as opposed to 3,748,890,000 francs).

The level of imports covered by exports dropped to 14.8 percent in 1980.
A. Employment, Social Situation, Emigration

Reunion's number-one problem is unemployment. It is not a question, as in
France, of cyclical unemployment, a result of the current crisis and one that
is likely to be resolved as the crisis abates; it is a matter of structural
unemployment, resulting from underdevelopment, the population increase of the
1950's and 1960's and the effects of the world crisis.

But it has reached a never-equaled level in recent years. Moreover, underem-
ployment has increased considerably: 1979: 109,000 jobs, of which 102,000
are permanent jobs and 7,000 are part-time jobs; 1979 [as published]: 112, 230

jobs, of which 70,530 are permanent jobs and 41,700 are part-time jobs.

The total number of unemployed, which was 29,000 in 1971, rose to 47,520 in 1979.
Social Inequalities:

The living conditions of the unemployed and their families are, of course,
more than precarious. In 1981, 14,204 families received only Monthly
[Unemployment] Benefits as their sole source of income.

In addition, the existence of high incomes, particularly those of professionals,
classes A and B of government employees and the managerial staffs of the private
sector, has led to glaring social inequalities which have justified the expres-
sion of "the two worlds of Reunion."

The interoccupational minimum growth wage used to be 1,233 francs per month.

In the same year of 1977, 35,290 households, or 26.14 percent, representing
125,000 people, lived on monthly incomes of 1,000 francs; 78,500 households,

ho



PHOTO CAPTIONS

1. p27 BELOW, RIGHT: Con-
crete bunks at the CMR
mine hostel. WRAB is
using this hostel
“temporarily” and with
great reluctance — forced
into it, say WRAB people
apologetically, by the
shortage of accom-
modation. There are 48
bunks to a room. WRAB
allows only 24 to be let
out, in an attempt to
mitigate the cramping.
However, the other 24
are generally filled by
“illegals” who pay the
legal residents not to
complain.

WRAB Would Like to Help

The initial attitude of the West Rand Administration Board to Ntlemo's article
was that it should not make allegations without substantiating them. Thus,
Wrab argued that references to bribery, to "eking out water from the toilet",
and to ingogos, etc., should not be published unless accompanied by specific
names, dates and details. After discussion, Wrab and Frontline agreed that
Ntlemo's article was a legitimate overview of hostel life, and that Ntlemo
was not presenting himself as an investigative reporter seeking an expose,

but as a hotel dweller describing what he saw about him. It was agreed to
publish his story in full, accompanied by the following reply from Wrab:

HIS is not WRAB’s “side of the

| story”, but rather an urgent appeal

for understanding and assistance,
where possible.

The Board is not averse to criticism of
conditions in hostels. In fact, we are try-
ing to do whatever is possible to eradicate
problems.

Unfortunately, not only Black hostels
but accommodation for single ‘people in
general is not a bed of roses, and least so
in Black residential areas where most
hostels are very old. We agree — it is not
nice, it cannot be nice and the writer of
the article (a hostel resident himself) has
our sympathy.

A hostel is a place where the good, the
bad and the ugly mix. Hostel dwellers
should however try to move to quarters
where they feel at home. Unfortunately
stories of corruption hardly ever turn into
complaints, therefore the Board cannot
eliminate people who are corrupt. We
would like to appeal to hostel dwellers
to come forward. The complaints should,
however, not be generalized — there are

98

honest, hardworking men too! WRAB
will treat every case as confidential and
the person complaining need not fear any
retribution. We would like to help!

It is a traumatic experience for a hus-
band to be separated from his wife and
children, but we cannot allow an ad-
ditional 72 000 families into this area —
our already critical housing shortage
would be distorted beyond recognition.
Men who would. like to see ingogos,
shebeens and illegal businesses removed
should complain to the superintendent of
the hostel or to Mr J. de Jager, Dept. of
Community Services (tel. 21-4911 x218).

Complaints like no water or a broken
stove should be reported to the hostel
superintendent immediately and if no
satisfactory response is received within
12 hours, the resident should also contact
Mr de Jager at WRAB. We will however
give immediate attention to the com-
plaints mentioned in the report.

At the moment the Board is involving
private enterprise to provide better single
accommodation. Migrant workers are



BOSS ATTEMPT TO DISCREDIT DEFECTOR ALLEGED

Maseru LESOTHO WEEKLY in English 6 Aug 82 p 4

(Editorial:

[Text]

"Another Bid to Sow Seeds of Confusion in Lesotho"]

MR. MICHAEL DERRICK STREAK, a mem-
ber of the South African Defence Force,
who defected to Lesotho recently, has re-
ceived a letter suggesting that he is an
agent of the South African Bureau of State
Security (BOSS).

The letter, which was mailed in Leso-
tho, is addressed to Mr. Streak in the care
of both the Department of Interior and the
United Nations High Commission for Re-
fugees in Maseru.

In the letter, signed by a “Sammy”,
Mr. Derrick is instructed to get in touch
with the United Nations Office which
allegedly works hand in hand with the
ANC, PAC and the Communists.

The writer of the letter also alleges to
have documentary proof that certain United
Nations officials holding foreign passports
are helping the “Lesotho Liberation Army”
(LLA) in Lesotho.

The letter further alleges that ANC
officials will get in touch with Mr. Streak,
and reminds him of the code which will be
used by the men. The names of two con-
tacts in Great Britain and New Zealand are
also given.

23

LESOTHO


cso:

4700/1894

cocoa farmers. Lagos organised the evacu-
ation of over 80,000 Nigerians from
Equatorial Guinea in 1975 because of the
“inhuman labour conditions” obtaining at
Santa Isabel. However, many of those
Nigerians have since returned.

Whether the new Constitution and open-
ing to the West can contribute to solving
these “economic” problems remains to be
seen, but it se-ms clear that the “political”
problems remain. Some Equato-Guinean
exiles have protested that the Constitution
was drafted undemocratically. As a mea-
sure of confidence in the authorities — and
also in Sen. N’Dongo’s opposition group-
ing which called for approval of the Con-
stitution — only about 30 per cent of the
Guinean community in Spain cast their
ballots at the Madrid Embassy. This de-
spite the fact voting was “compulsory”.

19


REPUBLIC TOPS AFRICAN CREDIT STAKES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 82 p 11

{Article by Aida Parker]

[Text]

cso:

4700/1887

DESPITE the increas-
ingly tough and sophis-
ticated economic on-
slaught mounted
against it, particularly
by leftist-liberal forces
in the US and Europe,
South Africa remains
Africa’s most cred-
itworthy nation.

That is the finding of
the latest six-monthly
assessment of country
risk published by the
New York magazine,
Institutional Investors.

Taking 100 as the
mean, South Africa
scores 60,5, 14,3 above
the global average rat-
ing.

In the African con-
text, it is followed by
Algeria, 55,7; Nigeria
52,3; Tunisia 46; Libya
42,8; Ivory Coast 39,9;
Kenya 35,1; Gabon 35
and Morocco 33,4. .

The slippage then be-
comes alarming. .Zim-
babwe scores a low 26,3;
Malawi 20,1; Mauritius
19,4; Angola 16,8;
bia 12,8; Tanzania 12;
Zaire 6,1 and Uganda at
the bottom with 5,4.

According to the
most recent World

102

Bank report, published
late last month, the cur-
rent account deficit of
ten East African states
presents “a gloomy pic-
ture.”

The states named are
Ethiopia, Kenya, Mada-
gascar, Malawi, Sudan,
Tanzania, Uganda,

, Zaire, Zambia and Zim-

babwe, which between
them comprise 90 per-
cent of Eastern Africa’s
population and output.
According to © the
World Bank, the joint
current account deficit
of these ten states rose
from $2 000-million in
1979 to $4 800-million

“This increase in the
deficit took place de-
spite stagnation or de-
cline in the increase in
the volume of imports,”
the bank said.

According to UN re-
ports, the’ total Third
World debt over the
past decade has quad-
rupled to $400 000-mil-
lion, most of this due
for repayment in the
next three to four years
— a factor which is add-
ing a critical dimension
to the current world

SOUTH AFRICA



teaching. After a few years
he, Dr Willem van
Heerden and a few others
broke ‘away and set up the
“newspaper Dagbreek. Dr
Van Heerden eventually
became editor and Marius
Jooste chief executive of
the group. Times were hard
but the group grew from
strength to strength.

Dagbreek eventually
merged its publishing in-
terests with Vaderland in
1962. and that became a
formidible group known as
Afrikaanse Pers (1962) Ltd
which I was to join. Jooste
again emerged as chief ex-
ecutive of the group and
set out to expand it con-
siderably.

A few years later
Afrikaanse Pers merged
with the holding company
of Die Transvaler, namely
Voortrekker Pers. This was
in effect more of a take-
over and the name of the
group was then changed to
Perskor.

Prominent new -new-
spapers that emerged after
1962 were the Financial
Gazette, Hoofstad, Og-
gendblad, Tempo and a 50-
50 deal with the Cape-
based NP publishing
group, Rapport.

Several newspapers were
also set up in the Black
states and White rural
areas, including _—the
Mmabatho Mail in
Bophutatswana_ which I
was appointed to launch
and edit.

The giant —_ English-
speaking publishing group
Argus meanwhile sold off
its lose-making magazine
section to the Republican
Press group controlled by
the Heyman brothers in
Natal and they turned the
tables and made a great
success of the magazine
business. Perskor subse-
quently took over this sec-
tion and it has become a
major contributor — to
profits. Prominent Perskor
magazines include Scope,
Farmers Weekly and
Radio & TV.

Most recently Perskor
took over The Citizen and
merged the Financial
Gazette with it. I was in-
volved with both those
Newspapers at varying
stages.

One important thread
continued to _ follow
through all these develop-
ments: Marius Jooste.

GAINED
STRENGTH

And he gained strength
with each of the develop-
ments.

Significantly, one of the
reasons that Voortrekker
Pers gave way to the
Afrikaanse Perse take-over
is that Voortrekker Pers
got wind that the Cape-
based Afrikaans publishing
group Nasionale Pers had
intentions of setting up a

* morning newspaper in the

Transvaal to compete
against Die Transvaler and
it felt it could not meet th
onslaught from the south
single-handed. This turned
out to be correct with the
subsequent launching of
Beeld.

The struggle was not
only economic, but
political. It was indeed a
struggle for control of
Afrikanerdom and
ultimately power in SA,
The man in the Cape who
assumed leadership of this
struggle was one Pieter
Willem Botha and his chief
rival in the Transvaal was
the then emerging ‘Crown
Prince’ of the NP, Connie
Mulder. The outcome is
now wellknown. “

The Perskor board
realised that the odds were
against Die Transvaler
with its then particularly
weak editorial compliment
under the editorship of
Carel Nofke and as such
the board dismissed Nofke
as Editor and replaced him
with Wimpie de Klerk.
Nofke was later to take up
a senior position with the
Department of Information
and has been SA’s main
spokesman in Washington
for the last couple of years.

31

De Klerk at that point
had considerable political
appeal although he had no
journalistic experience and
his appointment as Editor
of Die Transvaler was
hailed as a great political
triumph for the Transvaal
publishing group. In fact it
was felt that if Perskor had
not jumped in first, he
would have been nabbed
by Nasionale Pers.

Wimpie de Klerk indeed
was an outspoken ‘verligte”
academic at Potchefstroom
University and was famous
for having coined the
words ‘verligte’ and
‘verkrampte’. It also
seemed on the cards that
he would take over as Rec-
tor of the University, an
appointment which in fact
was later offered to him
and he turned down on the
grounds that he felt he
could make a far greater
contribution to SA through
“journalism

Not insignificantly, he
was the son of former
Senate President and
| senior Cabinet Minister
Jan de Klerk. He was also
la nephew of former SA
| Prime Minister Hans Stri-
jdom. And at the time of
| his appointement as Editor’
| of Die Transvaler, his elder
brother FW de Klerk was
a prominent NP. and is
now a_ senior Cabinet
Minister and leader of the
NP in the Transvaal.

Wimpie de Klerk made a
good start as Editor of Die
Transvaler, being open-
minded, rally-
orientated and willing to
learn. The paper _un-
doubtedly made consider-
ble ground in the early
stages of his editorship and
in the mid-seventies it was
generally accepted that he
would be the natural suc-
cessor to Marius Jooste.
Mr Jooste in fact ap-
pointed him co-MD in the
group in addition to being
‘Editor of Die Transvaler.

Now the problems.

CHALLENGE

Wimpie de Klerk’s cause



FUTURE OF SA INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL SPORTS DISCUSSED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 82 pp 3, 10

[Text] Howa Sees

Teachers’ Warning

Sport Slow Death

SOUTH Africa will
never be accepted back
into International sport
until all discriminatory
legislation — not only
that related to sport —
has been _ removed
according to former
South African Counell
of Sport president, Mr
Hassan Hows.

. “Sport will die a slow
death until social and
other discriminating
laws have been remov-
ed,” he said in Cape
Town in
HUman Sciences Re-
arch Council report on
sport in South Africa.

“Lord Chalfont, presi-
dent of the London-
based Freedoim in Sport
organisation, recently
confirmed this when he
visited South Africa asa

guest of the Sports
Foundation,” seid Mr
Howa.

“At the time, he sald
that South Afriea’s pos-

on Sports Contact

IF sports contact in
schools were to be
used to promote mul-
tiracialism, the
Transvaal Educat-
ors’ Society would re-
ject it, said Mr John
Lambson, president
of the society.

112

ition in international
sport would not change
until all discriminating
legislation had been re-
moved from all spheres
of soclety.

“I am not encouraging
people to mix. All Tam
saying is that everybody
should have the right to

make his own choice.”

Mr Hows recalled that
Mr Rudolf Opperman,
president of the SA
Olympic and National
Games Association, as
well as State President
Marais Viljoen, ‘recently
called Sacos the “enemy
of the State”.

“[ find it rather sur-
prising that the HSRC
tow recommends that
Sacos be given the op-
tion to be taken up im
the proposed SA Sports
Council.”

Mr Howa sald that he
could not comment em
the whole HSRC

Mr Lambson was
commenting on recom-
mendations concerning
mixed sport in South
African schools done by
a special committee of
the Human Sciences
Research Council which
investigated school

SOUTH AFRICA



e) Participation of civil servants in the development effort by paying to FIS
sums collected under the correction index.

An effort of the same nature will be requested of professionals.
£) Mobilization of local savings.

In addition to these proposals, existing measures should be retained and possibly
improved: equipment allowances, employment allowances, exemption from profes-
sional tax, tax allowance, etc., short - and medium-term loans at low interest
rates for the creation of new businesses.

All of these measures will make it possible to annually mobilize a total sum
of approximately 1 billion current francs (100 billion centimes).

4. A New Income Policy

Everyone knows that excessive inequality in the case of incomes constitutes
a decisive factor for an economy's imbalance, disruption and disintegration.

The reduction of social inequalities thus satisfies, on one hand, a legitimate
concern for fairness and, on the other, a requirement of harmonious development
and, finally, the duty of solidarity.

a) Raising low wages (increasing the interoccupational minimum growth wage,

new wage agreements). The measures considered for lowering prime costs, pro-
tecting and promoting production, will enable businesses to meet the wage demands
of workers.

b) Establishing a common basis of calculation for incomes in all sectors, based
on the actual cost of living. Trade unions representing workers in these sectors
will necessarily have to participate in the commission established for this
purpose and which will be convened every year (annual conference of costs and
incomes).

5. Necessary Planning

The FIS and the various allowances, assistance and subsidies must not serve
production chaotically. Production must be planned in a coordinated manner

and with a view to the harmonious and consistent development of the country,

in which all branches of activity must be considered and must have a reciprocal
and dynamic effect on each other. From agriculture to crafts, from industry

to tourism, along with fishing, forestry, new energy sources, education, cultural
expression, etc., the whole economy must be rendered consistent for rebalancing
its sectors and their harmonious development.

This requires an overall and consistent development plan which must be prepared
as democratically as possible and whose features must not be in contradiction
to the National Plan.

The features and projects of this National Plan must be established in coordina-

tion with the General and Regional Council, the Economic and Social Committee
and major socioprofessional organizations.

55


cso:

Most men in ‘Daggakraal,
Driefontein and Ngema work
in Amersfoort, Wakker-
stroom, Piet Retief, Ermelo,
Volksrus, Paulpietersburg or
on the Witwatersrand.
Resistance to removal has
sisted despite promises
y the department to give
stand-owners “compensatory
land of equal pastoral and ag-
ricultural value, with title

Families have also been
promised:
@ Adequate compensation in
cash for their houses.
@ Clinics, schools, water,
roads and sanitation facili-
ties in the new areas.
@ Transportation of their
livestock and all recldimable
materials — doors, window
frames and corrugated iron
— free of charge.

4700/1889

109

@ Compensation in cash of
all articles that may be da-
maged during removal.

e emporary housing in the
form of tents or prefabricat-
ed houses until they complete
building their homes.

@ Free food rations for the
first three days while fam-
ilies are settling down in the
new areas. .

It was evident at the meet-
ings this week officials did
not want confrontation. They
stressed they were negotiat-
ing with the people, not forc-
ing them to go.

t it was also apparent
indirect pressures were be-
ing put on the communities,
such as the bad condition of
the roads. Perhaps the Gov-
ernment will resort to other
forms of pressure if the resis-
tance continues. = —



cso:

and peoples and_ urged
members of the delegat-
ion to benefit from their
visit and to make _the
best possible use of this
opportunity.

The Charge d’Affai-
res of the Peoples China
Embassy in Mogadishu,

4700/1927

73

in his turn, said that the
invitation to the delegat-
ion was salient charac-
teristic of the growing
mutual cooperation of
the two nations, particu-
larly in the fields of cul-
ture and art.


A Letter Implicating Mr Streak as a BOSS Agent.... And the Purpose?
1982.7.

Best, Michael

We received your message andi we heard the Radin Les thn news,
bulletin that y-u have applied for p»litical assylum..... so the
_ thing worked cut allright. .

I told yru that the stupid foels will believe your story and that
they are to stupid to check your story. 7

See te it that yeu get in touch with the UN office... we know that .
they will be to eager to assist you.,.. because they are working
hand in hand with the ANC, PAC and the communists. I have'a very
interesting decument to prove that certain UN efficials ( with .
foreign passperts) are helping the LLA chaps in Lesnthn. The SB in
Lesotho will never suspect them I suppose.

It is ok with us if you. ga to NZ .. but you should jein _CCSAWR
like the other guys. Remember that your erntact persan in
GB is Peter and in NZ it will be Christ-pher .

>>

Yeur salary will be banked? in S as arranged. TS eo

Yru must try and get as much publicity as possible... in Lessthn
it will be n-~ problem, because they are d-ing everything in their
power t+ attack us.

S-me ANC guys will get in tAuch with you... remember the crde and
they should identify them t~ yu properly with that ende.

The UN pesple will give yu a travel decument, infact they are

deing this for all terrsrists of the world, including our scum

and the PLO. Russia is playing a leading role in this and we ‘know
that they are contr-lling the majority agencies «f the UN... you

can alsn accept that 99% of the UN nf¥initas officials are communists

Well Michael whe hope everything will go smonthly and that you will
succeed with this important mission...

They may fall-w you in Lesothe .. so be on the Lank aut and dont
do anytiing that might make then suspicious. Dent trust the SB
penple... but answer their questions ... you will know.

Best regards and gand luck.
Sammy -

The X car will go ta :tisi:
CcsO: 4700/1918

25



SOUTH AFRICA

PROSPECTS FOR POLITICAL COMPROMISE EXPLORED
Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 pp 13-15
[Article by Dr Deon Geldenhuys: "Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea"]

seeking the revolutionary, violent over-

[Text]
N a deeply polarised society such as thow of the present political system by

ours, the middle ground can be a high-

ly uncomfortable place, for the middle
ground is no neutral ground. Those
occupying the middleground are not
merely caught accidentally in the cross-
fire between the opposing poles, but they
are actually drawn into the battle itself.
They are the target of the two extremes,
attracting deliberate fire from both. The
position of the middle grounders, as they
may be called, is made no easier by the
internationalisation of South Africa’s
domestic politics. But here their problem
is quite different: foreign opinion often
tends to focus on the radicals and to
disregard those on the middle ground. In
the simple white-black conflictual frame-
work foreign observers commonly apply
to South Africa, there is little if any place
for a middle ground.

All of this is, of course, very vague.
Who stand on the middle ground? And
what are they supposed to stand for?

In essence, the middle grounders are
the compromisers. They stand between
those who, on the one hand, are commit-
ted to maintaining white minority rule
and, on the other, are determined to
settle for nothing less than straight-
forward black majority rule in a unitary
state. Neither of the two is a neat, mono-
lithic grouping. The former camp includes
those clamouring for the restoration of
the status quo ante (the apostles of rigid
Verwoerdian apartheid), and others pre-
pared to meliorate apartheid but without
endangering the whites’ ultimate mono-
poly on political power (the parameters
of many whites’ verligtheid). On the
opposite side, opinion ranges from those

91

the so-called liberation movements, to
others in favour of reaching the non-
negotiable goal of black majority rule by
largely peaceful means.

Needless to say, the right extreme, to
use a useful term, is exclusively white,
whereas the left extreme is an almost
exclusively black one, which includes
Coloureds and Indians alongside - Black
Africans, together with an insignificant
sprinkling of white radicals. There are,
of course, political movements active in
both camps.

To simply say that the middle ground
is that section of South African society
which now remains, is rather meaningless.
The first question which invariably arises
in our racially polarised society, concerns
the racial complexion of the middle
grounders. Some sceptics would ask
whether it is conceivable that there is a
significant number of blacks, particularly
Black Africans, willing to compromise on
majority rule. Other would likewise ask
whether there really are whites willing to
compromise on their control of political
power.

I. can safely be accepted that for the
overwhelming majority of Black Africans
and a large number (if not the majority)
of Coloureds and Indians, the first choice
would be a system of black majority rule
in a unitary state without any specific
constitutional safeguards for (racial)
group interests. Now the middle ground
blacks are those who realise that the
achievement of this ideal is made un-



At yesterday's meeting, the participants discussed and analyzed the document
on revising the political education system and documents on establishing polit-
ical instruction centers.

Propaganda Work Stressed
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11 Aug 82 p 2

[Text] The coordinator of Uige Provincial Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party,
Manual Quarta Mpunza, called for renewed propaganda and counter propaganda
efforts in this city Saturday.

Quarta Mpunza, who spoke at the closing session of the First National Ideologi-
cal Meeting of the MPLA-Labor Party, further urged an improvement in political
and ideological work and in teaching Marxist-Leninist theory and the history
of the MPLA.

"The enemy is demagogically exploiting our errors, our failings and the diffi-
culties the country is still facing," the party's Uige provincial coordinator
asserted, adding that "the enemy is spreading incorrect ideas among our people,
such as tribalism, regionalism and even racism, which are undermining national
unity."

Manuel Quarta Mpunza spoke of the need to select active teams to strengthen
the provincial departments involved in ideology.

He pointed out that the First National Seminar on Ideology, which began last
Thursday, reviewed the activities of the Political, Ideological Education De-
partments (DEI), the Cultural and Sports Education Departments (DECD), and the
Information and Propaganda Departments (DIP) of the party.

9805
csO: 4742/376



REFERENDUM ON CONSTITUTIONAL REFORMS URGED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Sep 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

WE HOPE the Prime Minister will recon-
sider his decision not to hold a referen-
dum on the Government's constitutional
proposals.

Evidence there is aplenty that there is con-
siderable opposition to the plan.

This comes mainly from the Afrikaner
Right — the Conservative Party and the
Herstigte Nasionale Party — but the
Free State congress of the National Par-
ty made it clear there is also considerable
concern among some Nationalists as
well.

Mr Botha told the congress that “at the
moment I see no necessity to hold a refer-
endum. The NP has a two-thirds majority
in Parliament.”

He had stated that he would hold a refe-
rendum if there were a “drastic depar-
ture from NP principles.

“I did not say I would hold a referendum if
there were a drastic departure from the
status quo.”

There had been a drastic departure from
the status quo, but there had not been a
departure from NP principles.

The status quo gave no political rights to
the Coloured people, and this was not an
NP principle.

Mr Botha also made it clear that the Gov-
ernment would see out the remaining
four years of its term of office.

No mandate

It is true that the Government has the
power to pass whatever reform legis-
+ lation it likes.

But it did not get a specific mandate from
the electorate to introduce the reform

7h

SOUTH AFRICA



IN-DEPTH STUDY OF GROUP AREAS ACT PUBLISHED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 4 Aug 82 p 9

[Article by Lin Menge]

[Text]

URBAN residential segre;
tion did not happen natural iy
and taneously in Sout
Africa. White authorities
were enacting legal segregay

tion in urban areas long
fore the word “apartheid” be-
came current. Why then, did
whites still feel the need for
group areas legislation?

For one thing, many of the
working class, poorer whites,
by whose vote the National:
ists had come to power in
1948, still felt threatened by
coloured penetration into

eir areas — while the
richer, mainly English-
speaking non-Nationalist
whites had the money with
which to distance themselves
from coloured penetration.
nate, Rationale oblis ed

supporters by pass
the Group Areas Act, but f
was not only Nationalists
who benefited from what
Joho Western; author of
“Outcast Cape Town” (Hu-
man and Rousseau, RZ3,50)
has described as “an instru-
,mMent for institutionalising
“the disadvantage of those not

in

tara, a social geogra-
pher who is now an assistant
fessor. of geograph y at
‘emple University, Philadel-
phia, based his book on field
work he conducted as a re-
search scholar at the Centre
for Intergroup Studies at the
University of Cape Town be-
tween 1974 and 1976. The re-
sult is, in the words of Prof
Erika Theron, a “factual ser-
mon” and the first in-depth
study on the Group Areas Act

and its implementation,
“Outcast Cape Town” is in-
deed a sermon, on the evil

80

consequences of fear and
greed. Even wrapped as it is
in the language of the cau-
tious scientific researcher, it
is not a pretty story.

Slum clearance and health
hazard arguments are cited
by officialdom as justifica-
tion for moving people (but
almost never white people)
from one part of a city to

jer.»

But the location chosen for
resettlement (at the periph-
ery of whites-only central
cities) reveals an intention
quite different from that of
the Government’s pro-

nouncements, says Western.
“The intention is the execu-
tion of social distancing and
not a concern for health

hazards,’
Western distinguishes two
motives, strategic and eco-

group areas
the strategic motive he
former Mit of
gutice Mr Jimmy Kruger on
the possibilities of urban
guerrilla warfare. Mr Kru;
‘said he did not think an on:

areas were
“Tt is in this it that we

‘ can understand the wholesale

The author finds sign:
cant an editorial in Die Burg

SOUTH AFRICA



This book (209 pages, excluding bib-
liography, etc.) can be conveniently di-
vided into four major parts. The first
(comprising chapters I-III) is necessarily a
background study. Writing with great clar-
ity and admirable brevity, Dr. Onwuka
examines the relevant characteristics of
West Africa as a sub-region, although he
prefers to regard it as a region (p. 9),
stressing, inter alia, the level of poverty,
divergences in GNP per capita as well as
average rate of inflation. He then groups
the ECOWAS countries according to the
metropolitan power with which they are
linked, for detailed study. The discussion of
the colonial.impact from the 1930s, is both
informative and useful.

Added to this is a fairly penetrating
analysis of the concept of integration as a
means of development. Drawing from a
selective list of “developmentalist” scho-
lars, integration and trade theorists, Dr.
Onwuka does not only justify the theore-
tical basis for a West African economic
integration; he also focuses attention on
the “prevailing conditions” relevant to
integration in the sub-region. He then
classified the multi-national economic
organisations in West Africa before the
creation of ECOWAS into three “‘orga-
nisations with the singular motive of secur-
ing the general objective of solving one or
more aspects of development problems;
those economic organisations that are
based on the common political and histor-
ical identification of their members; and
the monetary institutions” (p. 25). Each
group is discussed in detail. Hence origins
and developments of such familiar commis-
sions as the River Niger Commission, Lake
Chad Basin Commission and unions like
the West African Monetary Union,
UDAO, UDEAO and CEAO are covered
in an admirable style. This first part of the
book is not only instructive; it also offers
an adequate background to the study of
ECOWAS.

Part II (comprising chapters IV and V) is
focused on ECOWAS proper. Writing
with a rare combination of lucidity and
weight, and sometimes with remarkable
sharpness, Dr. Onwuka skilfully weaves
the tortuous road to ECOWAS around
four major regional efforts to create an
economic community that cuts across lan-
guage and colonial boundaries. These ma-
jor attempts — from the Liberia’s initiative
of 1964 through the ECA-FAO-sponsored
Bamako conference on co-ordination of
industries, the ECA-sponsored Niamey

conference to the Nigeria-Togo initiative
of April 1972 — have been discussed
against the broad background of a re-
freshingly diplomatic history. Greater
attention is focused on the “decisive Lomé
meeting” of December 1973, which thor-
oughly examined the Nigeria-Togo West
African economic integration scheme. This
is perhaps the first time that the proceed-
ings of this all-important Lomé ministerial
conference have been carefully
documented.

Also illuminating is the analysis of the
Performance of ECOWAS since its incep-
tion. Here, Dr. Onwuka adopts a “system
approach” and then uses “a scaling method
to determine the of economic re-
sponsibility of ECOWAS” (p. 93). Issues
to which this method is applied to deter-
mine “the locus of decision-making” in-
clude trade liberalisation programmes, pro-
tocol relating to free mobility of persons,
monetary and fiscal policies, transport and
communications as well as development of
energy and mineral resources. He rightly
criticises the failure of the ECOWAS
Treaty to incorporate “an obligation to
co-ordinate or harmonise the educational
and heatth systems of member states” (p.
108), since planning of education or man-
power training and health at the regional
level may help to “sustain the different
levels of economic development” of the
sub-region. Similarly, he questions the
long delay involved in arriving at Com-
munity decisions. Interestingly enough,
this subject has recently received attention
in the annual report by the Executive
Secretary of the Community to the May
1982 ECOWAS summit at Cotonou. Like
Dr. Onwuka, Dr. Diaby Ouattara has
called for a review of the Community’s
decision-making machinery in order “to
combine thoroughness with speed of ac-
tion”.

The impact which the major external
factors may have on the “effectiveness of
ECOWAS as an institution, or on its
member states individually based on past
and present. experiences” (p. 133) is the
main theme of Part III (chapters VI and
VII). The significance of external factors for
the development of the peripheral coun-
tries of West Africa cannot be over-
emphasised. Being former colonies, these
countries are integrated with the inter-
national economic system in dependency
relationships. Consequently, many deci-
sions relating to economic development
are either outside the capability of these
countries or seriously affected by major



| @ Johannesburg KANGWANE

Swazis to Lochie! TRANSVAAL

Iulus to Babanango =”

Basotho to QwaQwa
DAGCAKRAAL

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

Amerstoort © @ “TM Pitt Retiet

Volksrust

DRIEFONTEIN

tion to the removal was stat-
ed at previous meetings, they
refused to put questions after
officials had addressed the
meeting. The stand-owners
said they wanted officials to
send the local village com-
mittee an advance agenda of
any future meetings so that.
the committee could discuss
it with residents before the
meeting.

They also wanted minutes
of previous meetings to be
read at the beginning of each
future meeting. Otherwise,
they said they would not par-
ticipate in any talks with
officials.

Situated on three huge
farms, Daggakraal was es-
tablished in the district of
Amersfoort when the first
black families bought plots
with title deeds there in 1911.

The area grew over the
years and there are today
some 1000 stand-owners in
Daggakraal. Some of them
have allowed tenants to build
houses for their families on
the stands at a fee — a little
more than R20 each year.

There are also open lands

108

~KWAZULU

where cattle, sheep and
horses graze and-where crops
are grown — usually maize.

‘Three primaries and a ju-
nior secondary school serve
the Daggakraal community.
There are also eight shops,
including two owned by
Indians.

. Driefontein and the adjoin-

ing Ngema were established
in 1912 in the Wakkerstroom
district. Inhabitants also en-
joyed freehold rights, but the
two areas are much smaller
than Daggakraal.

They also have their own
schools, including a junior
secondary school, trading
stores and lands where vil-
lagers plough and graze
livestock. -

There is plenty of water at
Daggakraal and at Driefon-
tein, including Ngema. Be-
sides the rivers running
through the settlements, a
number of families have & re-
holes on their properties.

Each of the three cons:
nities has its own cemetery,
too, where their dead — oid
and g — have been
buried over the years.



den Bergh to a repor-
ter that the commis
sion’s task was to inves-
tigate the affairs of the
former Department of
Information, but’ that
he had suddenly found
himself judged.

One’ passage .of. the
finding that General
van den Bergh .“threw
his weight around” rel-
ating to the whole mat-
ter of the Reynders’
report was backed up by
a reference to a para-
graph in the report
“which does -not appear
therein.” :

In another reference
to a- commission find-
ing against General van
den Bergh, the report
refers to evidence he
gave on a highly secret
Project which he used
to illustrate his ‘rela-
tionship with the for-
mer State President,
Mr John Vorster (when
Mr Vorster was Prime
Minister).

The report stated
that General van den
Bergh was interrupted
in giving this evidence
by Judge Erasmus on
the grounds that it was
irrelevant. But the
same piece of evidence
had later been used to
make the finding that
General van den Bergh
was “the power behind
the throne.”

The report was also
critical of the finding
that General van den
Bergh had tried to in-
fluence the election of
a prime minister by
forcing the Boss ac-
countant, Mr Louw

Reynders, to bring out
a false report on the fi-
nances of the former
Department of Informa-
tion.

This finding had
been made on evidence
by Mr Reynders after
Mr Reynders had earli-
er repeatedly denied
that he had any fear of
General van den Bergh
or had been forced to
hand in his report ‘con-
cerning his investiga-
tion into the  depart-
ment’s finances.

This finding was also
made without putting
the evidence of Mr
Reynders to General
van den Bergh, who
had testified later.

A number of other
critical remarks on the
findings against Gener-
al van den Bergh were
made in the report.

In giving its reasons
why General van: den
Bergh should not be
prosecuted, the report
said: “When note is
taken of the evidence
on which the . (Eras-
mus) commission made
its detrimental findings
in regard to General
van den Bergh and the
real danger that the
evidence ¢ould be
made public in a court,
the desirability of .a
prosecution against
Seneral van der Bergh
is very strongly ques-

tionable.”

Relating to the sensi-
tivity of portions of
General van’ den
Bergh’s evidence, the
report said: “It is
‘strongly © recommended
that the Government

Evidence of an Illness Was Hidden

General Hendrik van den Bergh, former Secretary
for National Security, received prolonged treat-
ment for blackouts which occurred periodically
while he was on duty.

Astonishingly, the nature of the general's
illness was kept a secret from the then Prime
Minister, Mr John Vorster,-as Minister in charge of
National Security.

78

considers a decision -be
taken in the interests
of the country not to
make public the
evidence of the Eras-
mus Commission under
any circumstances.”

Portions of General
van den Bergh’s
evidence were, in fact,
not published when the,
evidence given to the
Commission was made
public. .

The report of the
Attorney General of
the Transvaal, Mr J E
Nothling, SC, also re-
commended that
General van den Bergh
should not be. charged.

It said .that while
contempt charges
against Genera} van den
Bergh were justified, he
could not recommend
prosecution because of
the danger that in at-
tempting to test the
commission’s findings
General van den Bergh
would ask the court to
make available his
evidence to the com-

mission and that of
other witnesses.
Even if such

evidence was given in
camera it would come
into the hands of de
fence counsel (“Advo-
cate S Kentridge, I un-
derstand,” said the re
port) and the court
personnel,

So, despite harmful
consequences to the ad-
ministration of justice,
including a “terrible
row in the Press,” .Mr
Nothling said that, for
the reason quoted, he
had decided against
prosecuting General
van den Bergh,



cso:

from the atrocities brought about by NP
policies, And the innocent Voortrekker
movement became a parallel to Nazi
youth movements indoctrinating the
youth with nationalism for the sake of
one “volk” only.

M, criticism of the Afrikaner might
seem ruthless. However I am sincere in
my attempt to understand your profound
commitment to nationalism for the sake
of continuing the Afrikaner struggle. But
it is unacceptable to me that this commit-
ment implies a struggle at the cost of
other people’s freedom. I deeply sympa-
thize with you when you fear that your
property, your land for which you have
toiled so hard your entire life, the soil
which you love so dearly, will be
threatened should a black government
come to power.

But do not blame me if I refuse to
visit my family on a barbed wire protect-
ed farm with a machine gun under my
seat. I speak the very same mothertongue
as you do. But do not reject me for dis-
sociating myself from Afrikaans, for it
has become the language of the oppres-
sor. I still believe in the principle of love
for they neighbour which you affirm
in your churches’ creeds, But forgive me,
I do not understand how you reconcile
this princple with your politics.

The new military laws will soon com-
pel me to take part in annual camps — to
defend and possibly die for an ideology I
do not believe in. This seems senseless
and irreconcilable with my beliefs. I am
thus faced with an alternative: refusal to
do military service which could lead to
military imprisonment for a year or who

4700/1891

10h

knows how long or leaving the country.

Opting for the latter means relieving
myself of the schizophrenic existence
between the heaven of “skaapboude en
bobotie”, the burnt orange of Karoo sun-
sets, hearing Afrikaans and the hell of
farmworkers ‘‘ja baasing”, scantily dress-
ed farm children on cold winter morn-
ings, uprooted women and children in

Tesettlement camps and the “suicide” of

political prisoners in detention without
trial. Because South Africa has become a
heaven which I cannot enjoy to the full
and a hell to which I can hardly bring
salvation.

Leaving the country will also save me
from a seemingly probable, apocalyptic
future situation when I shall have to
make a choice (of life) between my
people (with whom I share ties of love
and blood, but whose politics I find un-
acceptable) and the black people (whose
political aspirations I share, but not their
culture).

However, the choice to leave South
Africa would also be the most far-reaching
decision of my personal life, It implies
wrenching myself away from the bonds
tying me to the country of my birth.

What it does not imply is the abandon-
ment of the principles which I was
brought up with. These principles will
always constitute my foundation and my
“being-bound-to” Africa and Afrikaans.

The coming of Azania is a fact of
South Africa’s political future. In the
hope that that will result in a more just
dispensation for all, I shall surely, if I
have left South Africa by then, consider
returning to the southern part of Africa.
Meanwhile I am asking one more time,
the last time, that your love will be
accommodating enough to understand
such a decision in the years to comee



cso:

ity groups. They are to be in separate
Parliamentary chambers, with a ratio that
entrenches a white majority. Whites,
meaning the National Party, will continue
to dominate the Presidency and the
Cabinet which is where the real power
will lie. So the power structure will re-
main unaltered.

Moreover the Coloureds and Indians
will continue living in their own Group
Areas and going to their own separate
schools and universities. So the basic
elements of the social structure will
remain unaltered too.

But by giving the Coloureds and
Indians political rights the moral basis
will have been established for conscripting
them into the armed forces. Thus the
citadel of the “insiders” will be strength-
ened.

Ti. Africans, meanwhile, are system-
actically being turned into outsiders. It is
a numbers game. By deporting foreigners
and packing as many Africans as possible
into the homelands, an attempt is being
made to reduce the numbers actually
living and working in “white” South
Africa to the absolute minimum neces-
sary to keep the “white” economy going.

Then, through homeland independence
and the ceding of homeland territory
(with their appendant tribes) to neigh-
bouring African states, even these are to
be turned into statutory foreigners liable
to deportation and therefore vulnerable
and insecure. The sort of people who will
not dare to make trouble.

The ultimate goal, as Dr Connie Mulder
spelled out ten years ago, is that there
should be no black South Africans.

The whites will have been turned
magically into a de jure majority, sharing
South African citizenship with the
Coloured and Indian minority groups
whom they can easily dominate political-
ly.

For a time most of those Africans who

have permanent rights under Section 10
of the old Urban Areas Act will retain
these rights, even though they will have
lost their citizenship. But eventually these
rights too will wither away. Any rural
African born after his homeland has been
declared independent cannot qualify for
them, so in time there will be a smaller
percentage with urban rights — and even
these will be aliens in South Africa sub-
ject to deportation if they step out of
line.

The great majority will then be com-

4700/1891

89

pletely tied to the poverty-stricken home-
lands, able to work in “white” South
Africa only under the migrant labour
system which will be regulated by the
new, more rigorous influx control system.

10 this system each person must
register with a labour bureau in his
homeland, then wait until a requisition
order for labour comes to that bureau.

His qualifications, experience and
work record will-be recorded in a com-
puter bank, together with comments
about his reliability and attitude.

If his name emerges on the comput-
er call-up when the requisition data is
inserted, and if his attitude record looks
acceptable, he may get the job and be
able to go away to “white” South Africa
as a migrant worker on a year’s contract.

At the end of the year his employer
must dismiss him and return him to the
homeland. There is a call-in system enabl-
ing an employer to recall the same worker
for the job if he wants him, but there is
no long-term job security for the worker
himself.

The Government claims the regions it
has demarcated for economic decentralis-
ation will enable many more homeland-
dwellers to commute to work in nearby
industrial complexes by ‘ast train, and
will also create more jobs within the
homelands themselves.

But, with the exception of a few real
growth points, it is hard to see why this
should be dramatically more successful
than the old border industries programme
which failed so lamentably to meet the
employment needs of the homelands.

It is difficult to escape the conclusion
that the homelands will be no more than
poverty-stricken labour reservoirs where
stagnant labour can be stored at a sanitary
distance from ‘“‘white” South Africa and
out of its discomforting sight, with
computerised influx control taps to
regulate its flow to wherever “white”
South Africa happens to need some of it.

Meanwhile constitutionally _ these
homelands will be the means of depriving
the whole African population of any
future claim to political rights in South
Africa.

It may sound crazy and unworkable,
just as Verwoerd’s old apartheid dream
was crazy and unworkable, but that is
what all this talk of “change” is really
about.

That is P.W.’s Brave New Tomorrow.



Fishing

Fishing has a triple goal: to reduce the volume of our imports; to make our
products a significant aspect of trade; to raise the level of employment.

The means to be implemented will involve:

1) Coastal fishing, with: protective and regulatory measures; raising the
incomes of fishermen by reducing their taxes and operating expenses and providing
a social security service in proportion with that guaranteed to other categories
of the working population; increasing the resources available to them by arrang-
ing and constructing reception structures necessary for good working conditions
as well as through financial incentives: equipment subsidies, reduced fuel
taxes, etc.

2) Marine and fresh-water aquaculture. This production and job-creating sector
deserves to be developed. Of the preliminary measures implemented, it will

be necessary to regulate and intensify existing activities and to launch others,
while giving consideration to the existing possibilities: warm waters, climate,
latitude, etc., and taking care to maintain ecological balances.

3. Offshore and industrial fishing. Although the former has undergone jagged
variations, real possibilities still exist. Support for the development of
Reunionese shipping, organization of the local market and the development of
processing techniques (canneries, refrigeration, salting and smoking) can lead
to a significant development of this activity, which must be considered within
the context of regional cooperation.

Industry
The Reunionese subsoil's absence of raw materials limits our possibilities.
But we must not rule out, ultimately, the exploitation of marine and underwater

reserves: mineral salts, plankton, polymetallic nodules, etc.

In the near future, consideration must be given to our island's agricultural-
type economy.

1) The Sugar Industry

Strengthening the sugar industry has a twofold purpose: to cover our sugar
needs and export trade.

In addition, we must add the possibilities of industrial processing of cane
products other than sugar: bagasse, molasses, dyes, plastics, etc., making
it possible to consider the creation of refineries, distilleries and sugar
chemistry enterprises.

2) The New Industries
There are several types: a) Food-Agricultural: These are based on agricultural

diversification: oil mills, starch works, biscuit factories, canneries, etc.
b) Factories for soaps, cosmetics, perfumes. They can be developed from local

57



The Means for a National Development Policy

A. National Solidarity, Solidarity among Reunionese, Assigning Reunionese
Responsibility

As a result of the new situation created on 10 May 1981, Reunionese men and
women expect a new policy enabling them to live, work and make decisions in
Reunion.

This new policy can be summarized by the following key phrase: development
of the country; economic, social and cultural development.

Such development is possible by maintaining and increasing national solidarity,
the necessary solidarity of Reunionese among themselves, and assigning Reunionese
responsibility in managing the country's affairs.

National solidarity and the conditions for assigning responsibility to Reunionese
are provided by the plan for adapting the decentralization law of 2 March 1982
in DOM.

On the other hand, solidarity of Reunionese among themselves is a matter of
their own responsibility and their will to reestablish a national situation
for moving toward a Reunion which will advance on the path of economic, social
and cultural progress.

In order to achieve this goal, asking only the French Government and citizens
to put forth an effort and refusing to participate personally in that effort,
especially during this crisis period, would reveal a spirit of social welfare
which would discredit all of the proposals listed for the country's recovery.

It is for this reason that, among the means to be used to develop the country,
the call for solidarity among certain groups of Reunionese (in addition to
national solidarity) will constitute both a requirement and a test regarding
their determination to begin working seriously and to face courageously the
considerable task to be accomplished everywhere in view of the heavy legacy
of the past policy.

B. Technical and Financial Means

To assure the country's development, conditions favorable to production should
be created.

1. Lowering Production Costs

a) By affecting freight costs (increasing existing adjustments concerning raw
materials imported from France or Europe).

b) By seeking suppliers offering the best prices, regardless of the country

(studying possible departures from national legislation and community regula—
tions in this connection).

53



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

NEW HUILA MUNICIPALITIES--Lubango--The towns of Sendi, Kainda, and Chicongo,
belonging to the municipality of Kipungo, will soon be established as communes
according to an announcement by Huila Provincial Commissioner Mariano Puko
during a visit to this township. The conversion of these towns into communes
is a result of their importance in the context of the township's agricultural
development and the need for establishing a management setup with more agencies
under it so as to promote the better utilization of the area's economic po-
tential. People's stores will soon be established in the town of Sendi to
minimize the people's supply difficulties. According to officials in this
town, many people have been moving out to the commune of Cacula due to the
supply shortages in Sendi; it is expected that the situation will rapidly re-
turn to normal following the opening of the store. It was emphasized that the
town of Sendi, which at one time was a mission, has a second-level school and
a hospital with six male nurses. [Excerpt] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 27 Aug 82 p 2] 5058

ENERGY MINISTER TO USSR--Energy and Petroleum Minister Lt Col Pedro De Castro
Van-Dunem "Loy" last night left for the USSR on a working visit, heading a

large delegation from the two ministries he directs. [Text] Luanda JORNAL
DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Aug 82 p 2] 5058

CSO: 4742/391

15



REUNION

PCR DEVELOPMENT PLAN DESCRIBED
Central Committee Resolution
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 5 Aug 82 p 2
[Text] The Central Committee of the Reunionese Communist Party [PCR] met
in Le Port on 4 August 1982. It examined the draft development plan submitted
by the commission created to prepare the plan.

The Central Committee adopted the draft plan.

It assigned the party's Secretariat the duty of submitting it in final form
and making it public in coming weeks.

For the time being, the Central Committee has decided to publish a resolution
containing the principal features of the party's program.

Party members and organizations will thereafter provide for its wider circula-
tion with its analyses, aspects and solutions.

They will thus be participating in the broad debate to be opened on problems
of development.

The contributions of the Communist Party, the Socialist Party, organizations
and individuals will make up this debate.

The broadest possible consensus will thus be established--in reality--which
will make it possible to assure the victory of the forces of change in Reunion.

The Central Committee of the Communist Party calls on all Reunionese to consider
the importance of their present historical period and to participate fully
in the changes necessary for social progress and the country's development.

Le Port, 4 August 1982



In the case of vetiver, the average annual increase in the price paid to the
producer has remained below the rate of inflation in recent years, which means
a decline in the purchasing power of these planters.

Tobacco, in which renewed interest is being shown, could bring an attractive
return, but the cost of technical training and supervision and of various pro-
duction aid is considerable. It was greater than the total value of production
in 1980.

Livestock breeding is not developing as predicted either. It represented
26 percent of the gross agricultural product in 1975, whereas in 1979 it
accounted for only 21 percent.

The current conditions under which cattle breeding is being carried out do
not enable Reunion breeders to take full advantage of the advances made in
breeding techniques.

B. Fishing

Fishing has not undergone the prodigious development promised by the Sixth
Plan. It has even declined perceptibly.

For coastal fishing, offshore fishing and deep-sea fishing, 1980 was the worst
year since 1975 (1,468 tons as opposed to 1,785 tons in 1979, 1,781 tons in
1978, etc.).

The refrigeration installations of Port de la Pointe des Galets, on the other
hand, have been largely used by foreign shipowners.

Socially, the situation of fishermen is tragic and the right has not been able
to provide them with a satisfactory solution.

The crisis in our primary sector is thus quite obviously apparent. It has
caused a rural exodus and the labor force in agriculture, fishing and forestry,
after being eroded between 1954 and 1971 (from 43,509 to 22,100), declined
another 10 percent during the last decade (from 22,100 to 19,890 in 1980).

C. Industry
In assessing the promised industrial development, it must be noted that employ-
ment in this sector has continually declined, whereas the employable population

has risen.

Although several hundred industrial jobs have been created, there have been
thousands of layoffs in construction and the sugar industry in recent years.

In 1967, 21.8 percent of the working population worked in the secondary sector;
this percentage dropped to 19.5 percent in 1976 and to 17.7 percent in 1979.

In the case of construction, the number of wage earners dropped from 14,400
in 1974 to 9,370 in 1979.

L8



SUPPRESSION OF GENERAL VAN DEN BERGH'S EVIDENCE CLAIMED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Aug 82 p 5

[Article by Tony Stirling:

[Text]

A. top-level police re-
port sent to the: Prime.
Minister, Mr P W Bo-
tha, .asked for the
evidence’ of General
Hendrik van den Bergh
to the Erasmus Com-
mission “to be sup
pressed .“in the
interests of the coun-
The suggestion not
to’ make. public’ the
evidence’ of” General
van den Bergh. to the
commission emerges in
a report sent to Mr
Botha under the signa-
ture of the Commis-
sioner of Police, Gener-
al Mike Geldenhuys.
The. report was com-
piled after an imvestiga-
tion of charges of. al-
leged: contempt of com-
mission against General
van den Bergh by Brig:

adier . Theo : Scherman,’

chief of the -Commer-
cial Branch, which ‘rel-
ated. to. utterances «by
the former Secretary
for National Security
én the findings of the
commission.

The report strongly
recommended that the
charges of alleged con-
tempt of commission
against General van
den Bergh should be
dropped because of the
possibility; that his
evidence would becom
public. -

"Stop!

77

Don't Charge the General"]

The desirability of’ a
Prosecution was viewed
=m “highly question-
able.” :

The report ‘criticised
the evidence on which
@ number of findings.
were made by the com-
mission against General
van den Bergh.

fa’ recommending
that the general should
not be prosecuted the
report referred to four
highly: sensitive
projects of such a
nature that the
revealing -of- details
about them could do
the country untold da-
mage and “undoubted-
ly have international
repercussions.”

The report also sug-
gested there was merit
in some of the altega-
tions General van den
Bergh had made con-
cerning the commis-
sion.

In this -regard; the
report: referred to
evidence that the com-
mission’s chairman, Mr.
Justice R P.B Erasmus,
had given General van
den Bergh am assu-
tance that - nothing
could happen to him as
result of giving
evidence and that the
evidence would remain
secret. Ps

It said there’ was
thus merit in. the sug-
gestion. by General van

SOUTH AFRICA



ANGOLA

MILITARY SITUATION IN BENGUELA PROVINCE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Aug 82 pp 1-2

[Text] "The military situation in the south of the country is troubling. The
South Africans have been concentrating their forces along the border in the
past few weeks," warned Colonel Juliao Mateus Paulo (Dino Matross) to the local
information organs returning to the capital after having spent a few hours in
Benguela.

The Angolan State Security Minister added in this regard that such places as
Kuvelai and Kahama, as well as others, have been under intense fire, confirm-
ing an important, large-scale invasion of the southern part of the country.

He stressed that "the Angolan people and the armed forces must be prepared."

During his short stay in Benguela Province, this Angolan official met with pro-
vincial officers of his ministry and made individual contacts with some of the
local party and government leaders.

Dino Matross pointed out that their difficulties would be brought before the
government's and party's central structures for their consideration and con-
cluded that "the people of Benguela continue to support the party and govern-
ment structures."

9805
CSO: 4742/376

10



Discreetly or openly, it has tampered with every principal election. The reac-
tionaries are indebted today to the right for the positions to which they
desperately cling.

This situation is not the result of inevitability.

The current economic, social, cultural and political situation derives, on
one hand, from the legacy of the open colonial policy followed until 1946 and,
on the other, from the policy of assimilation followed from 1946 to the present.

Economically, colonization had created a plantation society oriented during
the last century toward producing sugar cane as its only crop. It was the
basis of the domination of Reunionese society by a class of large landowners,
manufacturers and merchants. It was a society of the tertiary sector and
social welfare. It was a society of true colonial relationships between large
landowners and manufacturers and day laborers, settlers, planters and workers;
a period of dominant racism and contempt for all social categories and classes
except this small ruling class.

The policy of assimilation pursued since 1946 has not been concerned about
the country's development and allowed the traditional economic sector and
this plantation society to decline. It artificially created another type of
society based on massive public transfers, which gave birth to this society
of the tertiary sector and social welfare.

At the same time, if the first world has been edged out by this second artifi-
cial world, the Reunionese economy has become more and more artificial, dis-
jointed, disrupted and fragile.

There is no longer any cohesion, since there is no longer any self-centered
development.

There is growth, due to the massive injection of foreign capital, but there
is no real development.

The intensification of assimilation and the frenzied effort to adopt foreign
models on every level have not eliminated the aftermath of two centuries of
slavery and one century of commitment. Racism is one of the underlying features
of Reunionese society, as is contempt for the native language, for non-European
cultural values and the domination of women by men.

All of that must also change, for development is not possible without the cul-
tural component.

Development and the ultimate end of massive, permanent emigration are some
of the conditions for cultural expansion.

52



SOUTH AFRICA

Referendum on Constitutional Reforms Urged
(Editorials THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 82) ..ecccscccccecsoees 7

Hogan Joined a Conspiracy Claims State
(THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 82)seccccccccceccccecscccceccovecs 76

Suppression of General Van Den Bergh's Evidence Claimed

(Tony Stirling; THE STAR, 21 Aug 82) -.scoe 77
In-Depth Study of Group Areas Act Published

(Lin Menges RAND DAILY MAIL, Aug 82) sscvccesccssves 80
Debate on President's Council Proposals Reported

(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 17 Aug 82) secscecee 82
Heunis Denies Government Spy Action Report

(Jaap Theron and Murray McNally, THE CITIZEN, 13 Sep 82) 83
Opening of Transvaal NP Congress Reported

(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 13 Sep 82) sees. 85
'Misled' Public's View cf Change Examined

(Allister Sparks; FRONTLINE, Sep 82) .scccccsecsccscee 87
Nonpolitical Role of Chiefs Defended

(Sylvester P. Mutsvairi; FRONTLINE, Sep 82) .cesseesee 90
Prospects for Political Compromise Explored

(Deon Geldenhuys; FRONTLINE, Sep 82) ceccecseece 91
Reflections on Education, Black Pride Offered

(Es'kia Mphahleles FRONTLINE, Sep 82) wees. oh
Living-Conditions in Migrant Hostels Described

(Benson Ntlemos FRONTLINE, Sep 82) ..ccccsccccccccccee 96
Circumstances, Implications of Shebeens Conference Discussed

(Jeremy Gordin; FRONTLINE, Sep 82) sccccccccccccesccee 100
Republic Tops African Credit Stakes

(Aida Parker; THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 82) seeeee 102
Soul-Searching of Afrikaner Youth Described

(Eban Venter; FRONTLINE, Sep 82) wecccccccccccecececce 103
SA Hopes for Diplomat Ties Dashed in Bangui

(Henry Reuter; THE STAR, 17 Aug 82) ..cccccccceccecees 105



tape recorders which all the same record all the intonations of the voice
and the redundances that support speech) but is molded and given life by man.

All this subjectivity, all of these redundances, inaccuracies, intonations,
gestures, all completely disappear in writing. As soon as words are put on
paper, they are detached from their prop, i.e., man; they no longer exist
save by themselves and can therefore form a logical and coherent sequel

only through very strict, very objective forms, namely linguistics and
grammar which serve in expressing thought as precisely, clearly and logically
as possible. Each word, each grammatical structure must therefore have a
rather pronounced value to suffice unto itself and guarantee a perfect
understanding of what is being expressed.

Standardization

This passage to writing, to making thought objective, implies standardization
of language, formulation of rules that are not chance events but are built
on the most generally expressed tendencies and on the evolution of language
itself in its history linked to the history of the people who speak it.

This standardization did not exist and therefore needed to be developed.

This explains the great confusion the Seychellois had to put up with when
going from the spoken to the written stage of Creole, changes primarily

in writing, but also in words and grammatical constructions occuring as soon
as one better understood the forms of language. But these changes still did
not mean standardization. They were experimentations, experimentations which,
although they are the sign of an intention for exactness, nevertheless end

up by having disruptive effects if they do not quickly approach a standard,

a set of rules resulting not from chance discoveries but from an in-depth
research into the functioning of language.

Creole Grammar

Therefore, various studies are in progress for preparing a Creole grammar or,
to be more exact, a Seychelles grammar since Creole varies from one country
to another.

In 3 months, several studies have been successfully undertaken by Mrs Marie
Therese Choppy with the help of a French technical adviser. Among other
things, one of these studies consisted in seeking the various values of and
the different meanings given to the particle "i"; another in finding the
many ways to express time in the Seychelles language. No less than 38
possible ways have thus been found to express the notion of time, a number
so unusual in the history of languages that this in itself shows the
undreamt-of richness of Seychelles Creole.

The results of the studies will be incorporated into a grammar, the first

section of which will be ready in December, in advance of the next school
year.

69



Mr. Streak, who has been granted
temporary political asylum in Lesotho has
expressed a desire to settle in New Zealand.

Commenting on the letter, political ob-
servers in Maseru said the letter had ob-
viously been written with the primary pur-
pose of discrediting Mr. Streak in the opin-
ion of the Government of Lesotho and the
United Nations officials.

A letter that could have been handed

over to Mr. Streak has been posted in Ma-
seru and addressed to the Ministry of In-
terior and UNHCR. One would not expect
BOSS to act so clumsily.

~ Commenting further on the letter, ob-
servers pointed out that the writer of the
letter was denifitely an Afrikaner who
studied English from an Afrikaans Medium

An Envelope

School in a Platteland town. Sentence struc-
ture is poor and spelling appaling. Sequence
of thought is “waffled.” .

The whole letter is indicative of an
effort to put as much defamatory matter as
possible within a short letter.

The view here is that there is no useful
purpose for the writer to allege that United
Nations officials are colluding with the “Le-
sotho Liberation Army” except to cast
doubt in the Lesotho Government’s outlook
towards United Nations officials working in

laseru.

The document has come too soon after
the recent fraud to scare Mrs. Phyllis
Naidoo from coming back to Lesotho. It
therefore fails to discredit Mr. Streak, but
seems to be a link in the chain of attempts
to alienate Lesotho from the liberation
struggle.

VERY URGENT & CUNFIDENTIAL.

Mr. Michael Derrick STREAK
cO. Refugee Section,
Dept. ef Interinr

Box 746 U.nn.c.R,
MASERU. LESCTHU. luv



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

IDB LOAN--The Islamic Development Bank (IDB), an instrument of the Islamic
Conference (ICO), has just awarded Senegal a U.S. $15 million loan, equal to
about Fr CFA 4.5 billion.. This sum is to be used to finance the importation
of soya oil. [Text] [Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 4 Aug 82 p 1] 9516

PAIM ORIENTATION--Following our article (in last Saturday's edition) on the
14th of Senegal's political parties, the African Party for the Independence
of the Masses (PAIM), the secretary general of that organization has advised
us that PAIM is "not exactly Marxist-Leninist, but rather socialist."

"It draws its inspiration," he said, "from African village life, from
African socialism, combining it with the methods of scientific socialism."
PAIM is headed by Aly Niane (secretary general), Abdou Bane, Ablaye Siby
and Issa Diop. [Text] [Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 3 Aug 82 p 4] 9516

csO: 4719/1279

67



Regarding the use of all possibilities: developing research in the area of
wind energy, tidal power and energy from the sea,

Territorial Development

The goal is to end investment giving priority to Saint-Denis and creating an
unbalanced situation for the rest of the island.

Regional zones of balance should be defined (the north, beginning with Saint-
Denis; the east, beginning with Saint-Benoit and Saint-Andre; the south, starting
with Saint-Pierre, Tampon and Saint-Louis; the west, starting with Saint-Paul
and Le Port). These zones will be equipped with various structural facilities,
infrastructures and centers of activity.

It is on the basis of this delimitation that investments of regional interest
will be planned and implemented.

A policy of disenclavement, relying on the establishment of structural facilities
in an effort to balance the regional zones, will have to help eliminate the
imbalances between city and countryside (for example, connection between Saint-
Louis-Tampon via Ravine des Cabris, Bras de Pontho).

Finally, the establishment of various infrastructures and the development of
city planning will have to give consideration to the urgent need to protect
farmlands and to respect the lifestyle of Reunionese.

Housing

In the area of housing, priority must be given to government and very government
housing. The policy of government housing must be revived. It requires: that
the public community start a policy of property reserves; that funds allocated
for the construction of government housing be increased; that the conditions

for their use be reviewed and in particular, that it be possible for future
occupants to participate in the construction of their housing, which will reduce
the cost; that the rent of SIDR, SHLMR and LTS [expansions unknown] housing
possibly be standardized in order to bring about a social transfer; that housing
benefits be extended to families who do not meet the present activity criterion;
in rural areas, that projects for creating villages be studied. This formula
would have the advantage of reducing the expenses for making the projects viable,
of facilitating the development of associated lifestyles and of organization.

With regard to resources, in addition to an increase in government funds, the
FASO's participation in financing the policy of very government housing can
be considered.

Employment

The creation of jobs is one of the goals of the new policy proposed by the
Reunionese Communist Party.

Economic, social and cultural development is the required condition for this.

60



COCOA PRICES UP

Yaounde CAMEROON TRIBUNE in English 25 Aug 82 p 1

[Text]

The old cocoa season, —
1981-1982 ended last week to
usher-in the new one — 1982-83
which opens September 1 with
some good news for the cocoa
farmer — an increase in the
price of cocoa.

Following a presidential de-
cree just signed, a kilogramme of
grade - One cocoa has been
raised from 310 frs to 330 frs —
an increase of 20 frs, while that
of ungraded cocoa moves up by
ten francs — from 90 frs to
100 frs. — all in a bid to encou-
rage the farmer.

The increase in the price of
cocoa comes along with a rise in
its production.

its production ana commer-
cialisation during the season just
ended August 10, 1982, (118,000
tonnes) saw an increase of 2,000
tonnes.

And in aadition to tne re-
cent increase in us prices and
because of the importance go-
vernment attaches to this eco-

Cso: 4700/1920

17

nomic crop according to the
Minister of Economic Affairs
and Planning, Mr. Bouba Bello
Maigari, some 10,000 million
francs have been set aside as
subvention for the next cocoa
season.

Addressing a meeting group-
ing administrative officials of
cocoa-producing ‘areas in the
country in Yaounde over the
week-end, Minister Bouba Maiga-
ti regretted that the last season
was éatastrophic in Cameroon,
explaining that the 10,000 mil-
lion francs government sub-
vention was intended mainly for
the campaign against cocoa
diseases and for regeneration,
installation of young farmers,
and the restructuring and streng-
thening of cooperatives.

He said this was also aimed at
attaining the 139,000 tonnes
objective of the country’s Fifth-
Five-Year Development Plan — a
tonnage which would match the
nation’s development objectives.

CAMEROON



cso:

back (leaving the National
Party to start the
Republican Party) we
believed that Mr Mudge
had stepped forward to,
save the country. But it
turned out that he did it in
the long term interests of
his own  power-crazy
plans,” Mr Barnes said.

Mr Mudge was a dic-
tator who wanted to
destroy all his opposition,
he added.

“He gets the support of
Black leaders in the DTA
because they are scared if
he resigns they know they
don't have the support of
their own people and de-
pend on Dirk Mudge and
his cheques to stay in
power,” according to Mr
Barnes.

But other leaders had
left.

“Where is Appie Louw,
Michael Meyer, Nico
Janse, Werner Neef and
Pastor Njoba?” Mr Barnes

“asked, referring to past RP

and DTA leaders.

While Mr Mudge ac-
cused second-tier
authorities of creating ‘em-
pires’ for themselves, the
‘Ministers’ Council and the
National Assembly’s
members indulged in the
same ‘empire building’.

“What about Mudge’s
R13m. empire at the
SWABC which is for the
convenience of Whites?”,
asked Mr Barnes.

He also accused Mr
Mudge for building em-
pires for his family, and
referred to the sale of his
farm Lazy Spade to Mr
Nico Oelofse who is
related to him by marriage.

“Did Dirk Mudge sell
Lazy Spade to Mr Oelofse
who got a Land Bank
loan? Did he get his che-
que from State funds?”, Mr
Barnes asked further.

BIG DICTATOR
_ “He’s the big dictator.

4700/1898

3h

He thinks he owns the
country,” he added.

! Mr Barnes also alleged
that Mr Mudge presented
Chief Kuaima_Riruako,
President of the DTA, with
a new BMW. motorcar on
his election as leader of the
Hereros.

He further referred to
R40 000 profit which Mr
Riruako made on the sale
of his farm to the Tswana
Administration, two years
after purchasing it with a
Government loan.

“How much did the
DTA pay for Dirk
Mudge’s aeroplane, and
before that, for the use of
the aircraft?”, Mr Barnes
asked,

“Where is the legislation
which allows menibers ot
the Ministers’ Council to
buy houses with public
funds?”

On a recent statement
by Mr Mudge that he
would permit a probe into
his personal money mat-
ters on condition that it
was a special commission
separate from the judicial
inquiry into Government
financial affairs, Mr Barnes
said: “Dogs Mudge’s
White skin permit him to
request a special commis-
sion to probe his private
money matters?”

Other empires of Mr
Mudge’s is the meat fac-
tory at Gobabis and the
drought relief scheme, ac-
cording to Mr Barnes.

SWA needed to be saved
from Mr Mudge, Mr
Barnes said.

Mr Mudge had looked
for trouble with the wrong
man when he picked the
Coloured leader.

“If you scratch on this
Hotnot, I'll scratch back
ten times. Pll give Mudge
the political hiding of his
life,” Mr Barnes said.



c) By reconsidering current regulations concerning the formation of prices
of imported products (freezing or reducing percentage margins, control of port
operations, etc.).

d) An Office of Foreign Trade will have to handle eliminating or solving the
problems mentioned in paragraphs a, b and c.

e) By reducing and adjusting social expenses in agriculture and by increasing
the duration of their assumption (totally or partially) by the government,
in the case of new businesses providing jobs.

2. Protecting Local Production

To encourage the creation of new activities and the development of Reunionese
production, its protection should be assured. However, such protection must
not be provided at the expense of the island's economy in general by raising
prices, restricting technical progress, creating circumstantial revenue, etc.
The solution to this problem of protection can be found by:

a) Encouraging Reunionese to consume. The sale of Reunionese products must

be promoted through appropriate processing and the use of large distribution
systems.

b) Giving priority to local producers in the case of government contracts.

c) Adjusting port fees on the basis of development needs.

d) Possible adaptations of the Joint Customs Tariff (TDC).

3. Creating a Special Investment Fund (FIS)

Development requires a sizable mobilization of capital. But for development
to be harmonious and consistent, funds available to investors must be central-
ized. An FIS should therefore be established, supplied mainly from funds
derived from national solidarity and from solidarity among Reunionese themselves.

Funding of the FIS and mobilization of capital will be achieved as follows:

a) Participation of nationalized businesses by restricting 1 percent of their
investments to Reunion, as provided by the law in Corsica.

b) Establishment of real overall parity in the case of family benefits, on
one hand, and generalization of FASO on the other, to assure real and more
extensive social redistribution.

c) Transferring to FIS funds deriving from gradual elimination of the 30-percent
allowance on the IRPP (Personal Income Tax) and on corporate profits.

d) Payment to FIS of a percentage of the moving allowance granted to civil

servants from the French mainland (a wish already expressed in 1970 by the
local Planning Commission).

5h



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

MASSIVE 'YES' FOR NEW CONSTITUTION
Paris AFRICA AFP in English 27 Aug 82 p 11

[Text] YAOUNDE, Cameroun, August 25--Equatorial Guinea has overwhelmingly
approved a proposed new constitution in an August 15 referendum, reliable
sources said here today.

Some 95.3 per cent of the electorate - 134,777 voters - approved the new con-
stitution, which provides for the president to be elected for a seven-year
term, a government headed by a prime minister and a legislature whose members
would serve five-year terms.

Only 4.2 of the population, or 6,100 voters, rejected the new constitution
in the referendum which lasted one week.

Details of the proposed constitutional changes were outlined earlier this
month by military Head of State Colonel Teodoro Obiang Nguema. The new con-
stitution would also create a National Council for Economic and Social Devel-
opment, a consultative body.

Col. Obiang, who overthrew one of Africa's most tyrannical dictators, Macias
Nguema, three years ago, is shortly expected to be elected president.

(In another development in Paris, Manuel Ruben N'Dongo, the exiled chairman
of the opposition Democratic Rally for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea
(RDLGE) said he will soon return to the capital, Malabo, at the invitation
of Col. Obiang.

(Mr. N'Dongo said he hoped negotiations between his party and the military
rulers would take place "as soon as possible, so that all the RDLCE party
workers and sympathisers living in exile can return".

(Mr. N'Dongo expressed satisfaction at the referendum results).

cso: 4700/1894

20



SOUTH AFRICA

"MISLED' PUBLIC'S VIEW OF CHANGE EXAMINED
Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 pp 16-18

[Article by Allister Sparks: "The Shape of P. W. Botha's Brave New Tomorrow"]

[Text]

I AST May South Africa House ran a
full-page advertisement in the
Financial Times under the heading,

“The Changing Face of South Africa”,

with a number of photographs of blacks

and whites fraternising in various ways.

But the sharp-eyed reader, looking
closely at those pictures, would have
noticed something odd. The main one
was not of interracial fraternising in
South Africa at all but of Harry Oppen-
heimer and Julian Ogilvie Thompson with
Mrs Goatisive Chiepe, Botswana’s Mi-
nister of Mineral Resources, signing De
Beer’s agreement for the opening of the
Jwaneng diamond mine.

It was a symbolic gaffe which pin-
points the trouble with all these claims
being made about change in South Africa.
They make a nice advertisement for
overseas consumption, but on closer
examination there is something phoney
about them.

The use of doublespeak and the
elliptical phrase has been raised to an art
form by our rulers. “Apartheid as we
have known it is dead,” said Piet Koorn-
hof in the United States two years ago.
Not surprisingly his American audience
and many others thought he meant
apartheid itself was dead, which is what
he wanted them to think. But it is not
what he meant.

Apartheid is not dead, oh dear no. It is
merely being reformulated, altered to try
to fix some of the more glaring weakness-
es in the old model. What Piet Promises
was counting on was that his audience,
and the American reporters present,
would skim over those crucial little words
in the middle “. . . as we have known

87

it.
The worst of it is that this deception is
being more readily taken in by the local
audience than the overseas one.

The desire for change within the
country is so intense, and has been
frustrated for so long, that the wish has
become father of the thought. The use of
the word * change” as a kind of slogan has
given it a reality in the minds of many.
They want so badly to believe in it that
they are not inclined to examine the
advertisement too closely.

They rationalise. It may not be perfect
but one must be realistic, pragmatic.
Don’t be negative, be prepared to com-
promise. It can’t be done overnight. At
least PW is trying. Hasn’t he got rid of
Treurnicht? Isn’t he admitting coloureds
to Parliament? At least things are moving
in the right direction.

But are they? Has anybody checked
on the direction?

Bacinessmen, relieved at last to have
something positive to tell their counter-
parts overseas, went ecstatically first to
the Carlton then to the Good Hope
Centre with few penetrating questions in
their notebooks.

As Hermann Giliomee has said, they
were so enchanted at being invited into
the club as insiders to help with the
nation-saving exercise that they didn’t
stop to ask what it was all about.

And the Press, sadly, has also lost
some of its vigilance.

There is a pervading sense of insecurity
in important sectors of the English-
language Press these days, and with the



TASK FORCE:

RICE SHORTAGE STORY DUE TO SABOTEURS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 8 Sep 82 p 1

[Article by Aliu Zubair]

[Text]

CoMPiainTs and allegations that rice was out of stock arose
AU from saboteurs and individuals who wanted the commodity for
‘trade, rather than public consumption as envisaged by the task
force.

The chairman of the Presidential Task Force or. Rice, Dr. Umaru
Dikko, made this assertion in Lagos yesterday. He emphasised that
there was no scarcity of rice in the country.

Dr. Dikko who was testifying before the House of Represen-
tatives special panel now probing the activities of the task force dis-
closed that the problem of rice had been completely tackled.

On an alleged loss of (NNSL) was to start
millions of naira as a appointing its own dis-

result of rice that got
missing in transit, Dr.
Dikko explained that
every bag of rice pur-
ghased was accounted
lor.

Explaining the task
force stand on not
adopting the open
tender for the procure-
ment of rice, he told the
panel that by law, the
task force was not in a
position to negotiate
price or tender for the
commodity.

He further added that
negotiation of price
this commodity would
as well raise its price.

Dr. Dilcko f further told

e] i
the PaRetlonal Supply
Company Limited

cso: 4700/1778

ya

tributors of any commo-
dities, including rice, fol-
lowing pressures and

NIGERIA



SOUTH AFRICA

DEBATE ON PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL PROPOSALS REPORTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 17 Aug 82 p 1l

[Article by Chris Freimond]

[Text]

cso:

BLACKS are still anxious to negotiate with
‘whites for a peaceful future — but a mutually
acceptable basis for talks appears remote. -

- These were the clearest messages toemerge

_from a debate in Johannesburg on Sunday be-

tween four leading politicians.

‘The debate was organised by Club 44, a
branch of the Jewish rd of Deputies, to
examine the President's Couneit sae Plans.

[t was particularly significant because for
the the first time the chairman ‘of Soweto’s
Committee of 10, Dr Nthato Motlana, entered a
public discussion on the PC.

The other speakers were Mr Harry Schwarz,
the PFP MP for Yeoville, and PC members, Mr
Japie Basson, a former PFP MP, and Mr Les
du Préez, a former executive member of the
coloured Labour Party.

All four speakers clearly saw negotiation as
the only way to avoid violence — but equally
clearly their views differed radically on where
negotiation should lead.

ions from the audience also indicateda
desire for strong lines of communication, but
whites revealed their fears of black dominance
and the uncertainty of “minority guarantees”,
and blacks showed irritation that their destiny
in South Africa was being decided by people
other than their own leaders.

Dr Motlana probably shocked many in the
audience with his cynically bitter disregard for
the white-dominated machinery of National
Party reform and his demand for immediate
democracy in a unitary state.

‘The PC’s exclusion of blacks made it “a

4700/1889

82

fraud, a charade and a joke”. It ignored 70% of
the country’s population and yet still hoped to *
solve South Africa’s problems.

If whites believed they could secure their ©
future by pretending blacks did not exist they
were making “one hell of a mistake”.

‘Mr Basson said the PC and its reform pro-

1s had to be geen against the party political
background of its creation.

‘olitical change could only come about to
the extent to which the ruling party was willing
and able to allow it. The Prime Minister could
only change South Africa when he was able to
change the National Party.

Mr Schwarz said it was essential to give
people a taste of the fruits of change to prevent
them becoming radicalised and regarding vio-
lence as the only answer.

Inthis regard one had to ask why discrimina-
tory legislation could not be removed immedi-
ately. A declaration of intent was necessary.

It was vital to negotiate change with the real
leaders and not those appointed by the Govern
ment. If reform was to enjoy legitimacy it
needed the broad support of all people.

Mr Du Preez — who once supported major-
ity rule ina unitary South African State—said
minority groups such as the coloureds feared
swamping by blacks if discriminatory laws
were repealed.

Violent revolution would not succeed in
South Africa and thesooner black.colouredand
Asian radicals realised this the sooner reform
could begin which would ensure justice and
equality for all, he said.



1) Passenger Transportation:

One of the basic features of the policy of the right was to favor individual
transportation at the expense of collective transportation.

This was one of the reasons for the increase in fuel consumption and road invest-
ments. This policy accentuated the gap between those able to own a car and
those for whom this is only a dream.

Two features will probably be retained: construction of an interurban expressway
connecting cities and combining speed and reliability; organization of a dense
network of bus lines serving all communities in the interior and connecting

with the interurban expressway. This could be covered under an agreement between
public transportation companies and a community participation plan.

The organization of urban transportation will have to be facilitated with the
participation of 1 percent of the total wages of companies in communes with
more than 100,000 inhabitants, withheld for that purpose, and a contribution
of the same nature from companies in communes with over 30,000 inhabitants.

2) Transportation of Goods

As a result of seasonal activities (cutting of cane, transport of sugar to
Le Port, etc.), existing vehicles are often underused. A plan for maximum
use of the current fleet should therefore be prepared in accordance with trans-
portation companies and with the participation of the regional government.

3) Ocean and Air Transportation

In addition to the proposals concerning freight, we are also making proposals
for the organization of mixed regional ocean and air transportation companies
among the islands of the southwest Indian Ocean.

Energy

The development policy must be accompanied by an energy policy whose major
features could be the following:

Regarding electricity production: Giving priority to hydroelectric energy:
extremely thorough studies will have to be made to determine all possibilities
for developing hydroelectric power; giving the greatest consideration to geo-
thermal energy and to projects undertaken in this area in the country; reorient-
ing the production of electricity of thermal origin to fuels other than oil

and gas (bagasse and coal).

Regarding the reduction of domestic energy imports: making use of the possi-
bilities offered by bagasse for moving toward the production of methane and
reducing imports of butane; making use again of wood and bagasse pellets for
cooking through a plan for producing "portable stoves" and equipment for
existing and future state-owned housing; systematic use of solar energy for
heating household water, obligatory equipment for government housing, serious
incentives for individual construction and even a schedule of fines.

59



HEUNIS DENIES GOVERNMENT SPY ACTION REPORT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 82 p 3

[Articles by Jaap Theron and Murray McNally]

[Text]

“J know nothing of apy
Government action
against Professor Anthony
de Crespigny,” Minister
of Constitutional Develop-
ment Mr Chris Heunis,
said yesterday.

Referring to startling
allegations in the weekend

African National Con-
gress (ANC) and the Brit-
ish intelligence service.
MI 6, Mr Heunis said: “I
do not know where the
Press get their stories
from.”

Prof De Crespigny, who
hit the headlines after his

cil — he quit by telegram
after arriving in London
—told weekend news-
papers that he had been
questioned by National In-
telligence Service (NIS) of-

ficials several times before
his departure from South
Africa.

He said members of the
NIS visited him from time
to time while he was a
member of the President’s
council, ~but he had
thought it was normal for
the security service to
keep a check on members
ofthe council.

Initial rumours - circu:
lating after his sudden de-
parture from South Africa
were that the NIS was
looking for him. Then fol-
lowed speculation that he
could be linked to the
British MI6, and there-
after rumours that his
‘same had been found on a
‘ist of ANC-members.

But Prof De Crespigny
has denied ever having
links with radical Leftist
organisations or that we
was even aware of the al-
ledged list of ANC mem-
bers.

83

SOUTH AFRICA

Friends of prof De
Crespigny yesterday de-
nied that he could have
been either linked to the
ANC link or involved in
espionage.

Mr Heunis made it
clear there had been no
action by the Government
against Prof De Crespigny
in his capacity as a mem-
ber of the President’s
‘Council. _

When prof de Crespig-
ny resigned from the
President’s council he said
in pressing personal and
family reasons.””

Close friends said he
‘had a complex personality
and a persecution para-
Rola.

It was suggested that he
could have fled South
Africa after having
‘jumped to the wrong con-
clusions following visits by
'NIS officials.



Businesses Taken to Task [Excerpt]

THE Human Sciences brella body could serve
Research Council re- as a valuable ‘starting
port on sport recom- point to make the pri-
mends that large firms vate sector more amen-
should form an umbrel- able to sport, and it
la Sports Council. could lead to better mu-
tual liaison and co-ordi-
“From the viewpoint nation of sports inter-
of sport, such an um- ests,” it said. _

It was significant that almost half of the industries and large business un-
dertakings involved in the HSRC investigation--excluding the mines--did not

accept responsibility for providing financial assistance or facilities for
sport.

"Since sports provision is the co-responsibility of sport itself, the individ-
ual, the private sector and the Government, the relative uninvolvement on the

part of the group known as large business undertakings can only be damaging
for sport in general.

“Although no private
institution can
forced to make a contri-
bution to sports provis-
ion in South Africa, it
must be pointed out
that the relative unin:
volvement among most
of the large business
undertakings is not in
the interest of national
sport, and not in the in-
terest of a country’s
sport that finds itself in
a crisis in terms of man-
agement and internat-
ional isolation,” the re-
port said.

CSO: 4700/1887

118



ARTISANS QUIT UNION--CAPE TOWN--The Public Servants' Association (PSA) is
facing a walk-out by disgruntled artisans and technicians, who accuse it of
"years of fruitless bargaining". They say that despite a grave shortage of
skilled people in the public service--estimated at between 30 to 40%--their
salaries have remained extremely low and uncompetitive. The final straw for
many PSA members in the Western Cape is a hike in their monthly subscriptions
from R1,50 to R2,50. "We can no longer afford to belong to a representative
body which accomplishes nothing," ex-members said yesterday. They allege

that the all-white PSA is controlled by the Broederbond and therefore does

not want to confront the Government with higher salary demands for its members.
The chief manager of the PSA, Mr R H Landman, said yesterday tht the Government
had agreed in principle that the public service should be in a position to
compete with the private sector. However, funds were not available to overcome
the huge backlog. "Not all groups can be granted the new structures simultan-
eously, but artisans will most probably receive their increases in the course
of the year," he said. Sources inside the association conceded, however,

that artisans and inspectors of works had received a raw deal and there was
dissatisfaction among "lower structure" employees though the vast majority
remained loyal to the PSA. "There has been a spate of resignations in the
Cape but we believe this has been organised by certain people for their own
ends," a PSA official said. "Besides those resigning are only a small propor-
tio of our total 40 000 membership." Mr H P Loots, former Western Cape vice-
chairman of the PSA, who has resigned his PSA membership, said many trained
artisans and inspectors of works had left the public service to work for more
than double their salaries outside. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL

in English 7 Aug 82 p 3]

KRUGERSDORP'S CD--Krugersdorp's Civil Defence Organisation last week became

the seventh in the Transvaal to be awarded the coveted A grading. The organ-
isation's emergency plan coordinator, Mr J A Steyn, said the evaluation panel
judged them on 380 points, including equipment, staff preparedness and commun-

ications. "They were most impressed by our high degree of organisation,"

he said. "The municipality has divided its services into various departments
and has appointed people to co-ordinate all operations dealing with any disaster
situation." Mr Steyn said an elite corps had also been formed and trained

in all aspects of disaster work. They operate on a 24-hour standby basis.

The radio control room is the nerve centre of the organisation and has contact
with all emergency services and schools and with some businesses and factories.
Also in permanent radio communication are two doctors and a clinical psycholo-
gist who will help with the personal needs of anybody involved in a tragedy.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR’ in English 24 Aug 82 p 10]

POLICE STOP SUZMAN--Mrs Helen Suzman, Progressive Federal Pary MP for
Houghton, who was stopped by police on Friday after visiting a black-owned
farm in the Western Transvaal said yesterday she might take up the matter
with the Minister of Law and Order Mr Le Grange. She was doing nothing
illegal, she said. Mrs Suzman, official spokesman on Black affairs, said
they had no reason to stop her as she was doing "nothing illegal" in the

121


Mr Hough’s statement
follows Teports in
Windhoek that — severe
strains had developed
; between the DTA and the
South African Govern-
ment.

In his statement, Mr
Hough said it remained the
intention of the SA
Government to continue
with efforts to implement
Resolution 435 “provided
obstacles in the way” could
be removed.

On allegations that sug-
gested an election would
snot take place in the
foreseeable future, Mr
Hough said he wanted to
stress that talks about a
more acceptable interim
system remained important
irrespective of the outcome
of the settlement plan.

- “It is well known that
the present government
system in SWA leads to a
great deal of dissatisfaction
amongst governing bodies
and the people of the
country,” said the AG.

Mr Hough said both the
Central Government and
the various ethnic
authorities had laid com-
‘plaints about the other
levels of government.

He and his advisers gave
constant attention to this
situation and were examin-
ing possibilities to remove
bottlenecks and as far as
possible to establish a
generally more acceptable
dispensation during the i
terim period before in-
dependence.

This was being done in
consultation with different
government leaders, who
were canvassed for their
opinions.

Talks were held on an
individual basis _ with
members of the Ministers’
Council and members of
the Executive Committees
of the Representative
Authorities.

28

The aim of the talks at
this stage was to discuss
openly ideas about
guidelines for future possi-
ble steps to be taken.

“I want to emphasise
and it was conveyed to the
participants as such, that
these talks are in essence
purely a reconnoitre and
that no-one will be bound
to their standpoints,” Mr
Hough said.

The AG went on to say
he could not understand al-
legations by DTA leaders
that they had not been
properly informed about
the progress made in
negotiatioans, since a SA
delegation informed all im-
portant political organisa-
tions in July.

He had also informed
the public in a recent inter-
view on what was happen-
ing about the future of the
Territory, the AG added.

IRRESPONSIBLE
Uncertainty and lack of
information led to specula-
tion, but reporting that
lacked controlled facts was
“irresponsible,” Mr Hough
concluded.

The SA Premier, PW
Botha addressed the OFS
congress of the National
Party in Bloemfontein last
night and made a brief
reference to Namibia.

He said no settlement
was possible in the Ter-
ritory until the Cubans had
left Angola.

Mr Botha added that
what worried him a great
deal was the fact that while
the communists had clearly
stated aims and goals, the
West had no overall
strategy to combat com-
munism.

Mr Botha did not com-
ment directly on yester-
day’s reports from
Windhoek.



cso:

Secretary’s half-yearly or annual reports,
(b) the series of the Community’s Official
Journals, (c) ECOWAS Policies ‘and Prog-
ramme series, and (d) the recent special
studies sponsored by the ECOWAS Secre-
tariat itself. The use of these primary
sources would have helped in providing a
refreshingly deeper insight into the general
operation or fortunes of this fledgling
organisation. Indeed, more “insightful”
information is required, for example, ab-
out the problems of implementation of the
Community’s comprehensive trade liber-
alisation scheme, in particular, the issues
about the harmonisation of customs docu-
ments of ECOWAS as a prerequisite for a
smooth application of the scheme. Similar-
ly, the reader of this book looks in vain for
information about the “ECOWAS re-,
gional company” concept which is an
important instrument of industrial de-
velopment for the subregion; and the series
of important meetings of heads of inter-
governmental organisations in West Africa
which have been held since the Monrovia
gathering of January 1979 to work out a
programmme for co-operation between
ECOWAS and such schemes at the CEAO
and the Mano River Union.

Besides, as the success of integration
partly depends on a conscious mobilisation
of popular support, one would like to see
the extent to which ECOWAS attempts to
mobilise the support of interest groups in
the West African subregion, in particular,
the Federation of West African Chambers
of Commerce, who are directly interested
in and likely to be directly affected by
many of the provisions of the ECOWAS
Treaty and policies of the Community.

4700/1894

After all, economic cosperation goes far
beyond treaty making, he negotiations of
protocols and the estalishment of institu-
tions and machinery.Furthermore, as a
pioneer study, the readers would like to
see a “full print” of ne ECOWAS Treaty
and its relevant protcols as an appendix to
the book.

But the more seious criticism of this
valuable book mvt be directed at its
production and priting. The whole study
is almost spoiled by inexcusably conspi-
cuous bad printiny or inaccuracies — spell-
ing mistakes, onmission of some very
“operative” phnses, clauses and some-
times whole sentnces — which are just too
numerous to isdicate here. Surely, the
University of fe Press must be seriously
censured for @ing such “an injustice” to
an otherwise useful scholarly work. The
book will cerainly benefit from a second
edition, and yerhaps immediately, too.

These defciencies, however, hardly de-
tract from tle positive usefulness of what is
offered. And, indeed, to carp at them
would be tantamount to counting the
petals of ne tulip instead of observing the
magnificent flower as a whole. For this is
no doubf a book to be read and dipped
into. Its diagrams and tables are clear and
provide pointed illustrations or evidence to
supportthe author’s analysis. It should find
a place on bookshelves not only in West
Africa but also in the halls of learning in
other sarts of the world. Development and
Integation in West Africa is to be une-
quivecally welcomed.



to be a Bolshevik revolution, but now that two centuries have passed since
the French Revolution, we must abolish the real feudal privileges that still
exist on Reunion."

The Real Debate

Our comrade was very optimistic about prospects for mobilizing as many
Reunionese as possible to bring about change in our country. The decision
to establish a unicameral assembly will clarify the issues by putting the
sincerity of the "ultras" to the acid test on the questions of letting go
and independence. It will split the Right between those who are willing
to accept democratic debate and the extremists.

The publication of the programs of the two main leftist parties will make it
possible to center the real debate on our island's economic development.

On this basis, and with the help of other forces supporting development,

it will be possible to create the broadest possible consensus to defeat

the Right several months from now, both in the municipal elections and in
the unicameral assembly. The Left will then open up a new era for Reunion,
an era in which the Reunionese can realize their full potential.

Toward Improved Regional Cooperation

The reconversion of the Reunionese economy will take so long that we could
start right now organizing projects in our region with countries (like
Madagascar) that produce rice, corn, or whatever, without compromising our
own effort to increase production.

In addition, the path taken by the French Government shows that conditions
are ripe for improved regional cooperation in the Indian Ocean. In fact,

it should also be noted that in our region--the islands of the southwest
Indian Ocean--the leadership of those countries is in the hands of progressive
politicians and parties of long standing. This is where we belong.

Along with the possibilities for regional economic projects, there are other
prospects for cooperation with our neighbors in education, meteorology,
joint ventures in fishing, transport, communication, etc.

These possibilities are objectively real. But to realize them the Left must
win on Reunion. So long as Reunion is governed by the “ultras," it will
lack credibility with its neighbors. This is one reason why the Left must
come to power on Reunion.

9516
csO: 4719/1226

43



external crisis. Some of the crucial external
factors, which are central to the economic
developing efforts of developing
countries like those of West Africa, and
which have figured prominently in the
North-South debate as it has evolved since
the mid-1970s, have been carefully analy-
sed. Dr. Onwuka highlights, among
other things, the poor export earnings of the
ECOWAS countries which occasionally
create balance of trade difficulties follow-
ing fluctuations in world commodity prices.
Trade preferences, commodity agree-
ments, compensatory financing and region-
al arrangements are discussed as “popular
devices” which may help to increase the
export earnings and thereby improve the
capability to carry out economic develop-
ment.

While Dr. Onwuka’s discussion of somé
of these “devices” is quite penetrating, he
seems remarkably uncritical in his assess-
ment of the benefits which West African
countries may derive from the trade prefer-
ences and STABEX provisions of the
Lomé Convention. For a careful analysis of
ACP-EEC trade patterns during the
period of the Lomé regime he suggests that
the Convention had little impact on ACP
(ECOWAS) trade flows. Indeed, the free
access to the EEC markets is not enough to
ensure a rise in exports of the ECOWAS
countries, which to a large degree depends
on trade promotion. Thus, although in
principle, the Lomé Convention is commit-
ted to take positive action to ensure effec-
tive access to EEC markets for the exports
of the ACP (ECOWAS) countries, in
practice, as analysed by the present review-
er in a recent study, market promotion for
these products has so far proved to be
disappointing. Similarly, the scheme for
the stabilisation of exports receipts of the
ACP countries (STABEX) is not only
inadequate because of the arbitrary con-
tent of trade and listed commodities be-
tween EEC and ECOWAS countries: it
also constitutes a disincentive to further
forms of processing of raw materials in the
ECOWAS countries since it applies pri-
marily to raw materials.

On the other hand, Dr. Onwuka’s de-
tailed appraisal of the role and implications
of technology on development process as
“essential components of integration pro-
cess” is both impressive and instructive.
Stressing the need for technology policies
for ECOWAS, he has formulated some
crucial policy prescriptions and finally
urges ECOWAS to take a leaf from the
experience of the Andean Common Mar-

ket in this area. It is worth emphasising,
however, the extent of effectiveness of the
Andean experiment. For recent studies
have shown that the effective implementa-
tion of the Andean “Foreign Investment
Code” has been hampered, among other
things, by the lack of trained personnel, of
evaluation criteria, and of institutional
capacities to handle the code’s application,
particularly in the field of technology
imports. It is quite appropriate, therefore,
that Dr. Onwuka has called for the need
for building the necessary technical re-
sources — engineers, architects, accoun-
tants and others — capable of conducting
negotiations with foreign and Community
corporations.

Part IV (chapters VIII and IX is indeed an
overview and conclusion of this study. It
focuses on issues that are likely to confront
the Community in the future. These in-
clude, for example, problems about equit-
able distribution of costs and benefits of
integration, the complex issues relating to
regional planning and policy, the divisive
issue of location of Community industries,
as well as the problems posed by the
parallel existence of such regional group-
ings in the sub-region as the CEAO or
Mano River Union.

On the whole, this skilfully-constructed
and lucidly-written study comes to fill a
real gap in our knowledge of ECOWAS.
So far there is no other comprehensive
account of the subject on this scale.
Perhaps one should add that this is general-
ly a book for the specialist student rather
than the interested layman. Discussions of
the complexities of the international eco-
nomic system and its impact on the process
of economic integration in West Africa, as
well as the analysis of the use of scaling
method of determine the locus of decision-
making of each economic development
issue, will no doubt make heavy demands
on the uninitiated.

One other limitation of the book is the
somewhat over-simplification of rather
complex problems like the Com-
munity’s industrial programme, the
issue posed by the parallel existence of
CEAO and ECOWAS as sub-regional
groupings in West Africa, and the deve-
lopments of the ECOWAS Fund since
its establishment. This oversimplification
may be due to the fact that the basic
research for this book “was conducted
from sources available in Britain” (pre-
face). Consequently, the author was un-
able to consult such extremely important
primary sources as (a) the Executive


NIGER

KOUNTCHE ADDRESSES CONFERENCE OF CADRES
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 5 Aug 82 pp 1, 3

[Excerpt] The head of state, Col Seyni Kountche, chaired a meeting of cadres
yesterday at the former National Assembly building.

In his remarks, the president of the Supreme Military Council (CMS) elaborated
on the following main points:

--the economic situation;

--the political situation in Africa; and

--statements about the government's recent decisions in connection with the
great national debate on Nigerian education.

On the first point, President Kountche first of all said that until 1975
agriculture and stock-raising were the mainstays of the nation's economy.
Unfortunately, drought and a number of market factors have made it impossible
for those two pillars to support our economy any more.

During the same period, President Kountche said, we fortunately witnessed
a large increase in the price of uranium, which went from 5,000 Fr per
kilogram in 1975 to 24,000 in 1979.

This growth in our financial resources provided the engine for a great deal
of economic growth in our country.

Since then, President Kountche explained, we have had to deal with a decrease
in the price of uranium and also with marketing problems, for it does no
good to produce unless one can also sell.

The increase in the dollar and higher interest rates charged by the banks,
added to the factors already cited, have made for a rather troublesome
economic plight.

Austerity is thus necessary at every level: individual and collective.
We must avoid waste.

The head of state, Col Seyni Kountche, nevertheless insisted on boosting the
morale of the cadres. Niger has a good reputation internationally, which will

3H



Umbrella Body For ‘Varsities

THE Human'Sciences Research Council lias recorh-
mended the establishment of one umbrella sports
body for all South ‘African universities, to be
known as the South African University Sports
Council. g

.The HSRC said the university body should be a
member of the proposed South Africar Sports
Council, with representation on the board.

The report also advised that steps be taken to
increase sports staff at universities.

“Existing practices at state universities regard-
ing the staffing of sports offices are inadequate to
render effective services to sport,” the report said.

The HSRC also recommended one umbrella
sport organisation for teachers’ training colleges
— to be known as the South African Sports Coun-
cil for Teachers’ Training Colleges — which would

-also fall under the South African Sports Council
and have representation: on its board, and a similar
organisation for school sport.

National Fund Suggested

THE Government
should consider increas-
ing and rationilising its
sport expenditure and
this should be principal-
ly channelled through a

should start a scheme of

Centrat. Sports’ Fund,
and

Central Sports Fund, © Additional funds for
the HSRC committee school sport should be
says. obtained by increased

The committee makes
several recommenda-
tions on where the
money should come
from:
©. The Government

Should allocate a total

“Spmount * annually, via
Parliament, to the Cen-
tral Sports Fund;

contributions from par-
ents. rae

The latter recommen-
dation is in accordance
with the increasing re-
alisation in teaching cir-

Seen

funding school expendi-

Claim 'Unfounded'

@ The

Government

THE committee of the
HSRC has rejected as
“gnfaunded” a claim by
Sacos'that ft represents:

most sportsmen “in .

South Africa.

The committee says it
should be borne in mind
that the organisation
draws its main support
from Indians and to a

lesser extent from
loureds. _

It! points out that
Asians, who include In-

“ture; the Teport ‘says.~

only account for about
13,8 percent of the total
South African popula-
tion.

“Also in the light of
the lesser extent to
which these population
groups participate in
sport, the claim is com-
pletely unfounded. Sa-
cos represents, at the
most, 10 percent of all
sports participants in
South Africa,” the re-

datas, ant “Colo treas ~— part“says.

117



PARLIAMENT WANTS FRONTIERS REDEFINED

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 23 Aug 82 p 1

[Article by Kwapeng Modikwe]

[Text]

cso:

THERE WAS general
consensus in the National
Assembly last Wednesday when
a call went up, that Botswana's
existing boundaries - particularly
along the Caprivi Strip - needed
to be redefined.

This emerged atthe Committee
Stage when the Assembly was
discussing the Tribal Land
Amendment Bill which had earlier
in the week passed through its
second reading, undebated.

Spear-heading the debates
were Mr David Monwela of
Maun/Chobe and Mr David
Magang of Kweneng East, who
contended that the boundaries
needed to be redefined.

Mr Monwela had wondered
whether “time was not ripe” for
Botswana to redesign her
boundaries while Mr Magang had
wondered as to whether “we
would be doing something good
to keep our doubts alive,” by not
showing the international
community the need to redesign
the boundaries with neighbour-
ing countries especially at Caprivi
Strip.

In the process, the Attorney
General, Mr Moleleki Mokama,

4700/1922

16

told the Assembly that it was still
premature to try to redefine the
boundary with a view to
repossess part of the Caprivi
which belonged to this country
before the Strip was established.

The Strip was established
around 1895 through negotia-
tions between the British High
Commissioner to the then
Bechuanaland Protectorate and
the German Representative in
Namibia, General Von Caprivi.

It is understood that the
General had thought that since
the Nile River was navigable, it
was the same with the Zambezi
River. For that reason, it is said,
he approached the British who
later agreed that the area which
later became known as Caprivi
Strip, be reserved for the
Germans to navigate the Zambezi
River, enroute to the Indian
Ocean.

Mr Mokama then asked: “If
you want to repossess part of
that land, who do you speak to?”
He reminded Parliament that it
would be difficult for Botswana
to do so at “this time because
legally neither the South African
Government nor the Namibians

BOTSWANA



ANGOLA

PRODUCTIVITY SEEN UNSATISFACTORY COUNTRYWIDE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Aug 82 p 2

[Text] The National Department of the UNTA [National Union of Workers of An-
gola], which coordinates the competition program, reported on the results
after 6 months of socialist competition, noting that productivity in the coun-
try was well below the targets set.

The causes of the slowdown in production are similar to those recorded for the
first quarter of this year and involve the policy to limit imports of raw ma-
terials, a result of exchange difficulties.

Consequently, during the first quarter of this year, production of foodstuffs
declined by 24.6 percent in the 70 enterprises participating in the competition.
Likewise, in the construction sector, a decrease of 5.7 percent was recorded in
73 competing enterprises.

In light and heavy industry, production dropped by 2 and 1 percent, respective-
ly. In agriculture, the decline in production was 11 percent in 72 enterpris-—
es participating in the Socialist Competition program.

Coffee and fish production increased considerably, the fish increase not because
of an increased catch but more as a result of ship maintenance.

As regards absenteeism, statistics show that during the 6-month period in ques-
tion, it was 3.54 percent, with the highest percentages recorded for construc-
tion, light industry, and agriculture, with 5.16, 6.49 and 5.77 percent, re-
spectively. The health, public administration and services sector had the
lowest figure at 2.05 percent.

The document also indicates that during this period, 12,446 workers performed
distinguished service, out of which 519 received the highest distinction. The

first figure represents 12 percent of the total workers participating in the
Socialist Competition.

During the 6 months, there were about 551 voluntary work days, in which 20,036
workers participated clocking 110,050 hours of voluntary work. We should men—
tion that 20.63 percent of these hours were devoted to farming, particularly
in Malanje province for the maize harvest.

i



Resettlement of Three Established Communities Planned
(Harry Mashabela; RAND DAILY MAIL, 16 Aug 82) secesee

Cancellation of Soccer Tour Raises Issues
(Nthato Motlanas FRONTLINE, Sep 82) .ecccececcccceece

Fature of SA International, National Sports Discussed
(THE CITIZEN, 7 Sep 82) ..

Perec ceccccccccscccece

Briefs
University Ferment
Split in NP
Docks 'Working Normally'
Treurnight Probe
Three Guilty of Treason
Defector Quits SADF
Artisans Quit Union
Krugersdorp's CD
Police Stop Suzman

UGANDA

Minister Discusses Economic Agreements With Yugoslavia, Others
(Sam Serwangas UGANDA TIMES, 30 Aug 82) wscscccssccccee

New Banking System To Be Adopted
(Joshua Rubongoya and Tom Okello; UGANDA TIMES, 20 Jul 82)

Hybrid Maize Reported Becoming Major Food Crop
(Edward Lwanga; SUNDAY TIMES, 29 Aug 82) sscccccccseece

ZAMBIA

Housing Policy Outlined
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 Aug 82) woe.

Judiciary Praised for Release of Detainees
(Editorials DAILY TIMES, 29 Aug 82) .sscscscccccccececce

-e-

107

110

112

119
119
119
120
120
120
121
121
121

123

125

127

128

129



JUDICIARY PRAISED FOR RELEASE OF DETAINEES

Lusaka DAILY TIMES in English 29 Aug 82 p 1

[Editorial]

[Text]

JUSTIFIABLY Zambia will today be agog in wild
jubilation and euphoric congratulations over the
speedy, dramatic ultimate release from detention
on Friday of the four men who were acquitted of
treason by the Lusaka High Court on Wednes-
day. .

The lucky four are lawyer Mundia Sikatana, Zam-
bia Army Major MacPherson Mbulo, Army
Colonel Patrick Mkandawire and former briga-
dier-general Godfrey Miyanda. To them we say
hearty congratulations for regaining your in-
dividual freedoms. 5

Their victory is a living testimony to the nation’s
value of fair trials under an independent and free
judiciary. It is also a victory for President
Kaunda in the speedy manner in which he revok-
ed the special detention orders after the High
Court had acquitted the four men.

His action shows a great respect for the due process
of law and the judiciary in this country. It pro-
ves, yet again, that in Zambia, and under Dr
Kaunda’s leadership, the rule of law is still the
king of all.

Hard pressed as she has been since Independence
in 1964, Zambia can today proudly boast that
the rule of law prevails. That and the in-
dependence of the judiciary is one of the corner-
stones of the stability that Zambia still enjoys.

The release of the four men has clearly shown that
Zambia is one of the few countries in the world
where it can be seen that political pressures do
not impede justice.

When, for reasons of national security, the State
is forced to arrest or detain individuals, these
people know that they have the right to have
recourse to the courts. Many have done so.
Some have lost. Others, like the lucky four, have
won.

129

ZAMBIA



RESETTLEMENT OF THREE ESTABLISHED COMMUNITIES PLANNED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 16 Aug 82 p 9

{Article by Harry Mashabela]

[Text]

AFTER living happily to-
gether for about 70 years, the
communities of Daggakraal,
Driefontein and Ngema —
numbering about 56000 Zu-
lus, Swazis and South Sotho
— in the Amersfoort and
Wakkerstroom districts are
now earmarked for destruc-
tion and resettlement
elsewhere.

The Government has de-
clared Daggakraal, Driefon-
tein and Ngema (otticially
named Kafferlokasie), blac
spots and wants the inhabi-
tants to move — Swazis to
Lochiel in KaNgwane, Zulus
to Babanango, near Ulundi,
the KwaZulu capital, and the
South Sotho to an unspecified
place in QwaQwa, the desig-
nated South Sotho homeland.

But the People have not
been told of the proposed in-

corporation of, KaNgwane, :

the Swazi homeland, into
neighbouring Swaziland.

for have the other ethnic
groups been told whether or
not the regions to which they
will be moved will become
part of their designated
homelands — KwaZulu and
QwaQwa.

Daggakraal stand-owners
were simply told by Mr W J
van Niekerk, Chief Commis-
sioner for Northern Areas,
last Tuesday that, in terms of
Government policy, Zulus
have to be grouped with Zu-
lus, South Sotho with South
Sotho and Swazis with
Swazis..

Driefontein and the neigh-
pouring Ngema have to give
way to a dam being con-
structed by the Department

107

of Water Affairs on the Um-
konto River.

But officials give no reason
other than it being a “a black
spot” for the removal of
Daggakraal.

The Department of Co-op-
eration and Development has
been trying to persuade in-
habitants to move away since
the early 60s. But the people
have resisted.

The protracted resistance
is perhaps best illustrated by
the poor condition of the dirt
roads crisscrossing the set-
tlements, a sign that mainte-
nance is neglected in an at-
tempt to pressurise
inhabitants.

Resistance is stronger at
Daggakraal. In Driefontein,
where Mr Van Niekerk ad-
dressed the 300 stand-owners.
in the area last Monday, the
local Driefontein Community
Board, headed by Mr Stephen
Msibi as chairman, was ac-
cused of “selling-out.”

But Mr Msibi’s village
board refuted the accusa-
tions, claiming it was equally
Op to the proposed re-
moval of the settlement.

At Daggakraal last Tues-
day, the nearly 1000 stand-
owners who met department
officials, including Mr Van
Niekerk, made it clear they
did not want to move.

They did not even want to
continue discussing the ques-
tion of removal with officials,

-they said, because they were

not given any agenda before
the meeting at a local school.

Arguing that their opposi-

SOUTH AFRICA



Conclusion

We said in the beginning of this document that we are on the eve of an historic
period for Reunion.

In fact, regardless of the current fluctuations due to the first months of

the left in power, the liquidation of the heritage of the past, the consequences
of the crisis, etc., it must be borne in mind that the left is in power for

7 years, and probably for 14 or 20 years, i.e., until the year 2000.

We must, at all costs, seize this opportunity, with the left in power for a
long time to come in the French Republic, to carry out the historic task of
developing the country.

The appropriateness of the situations in Reunion and in France, with progressive
forces in power, which has punctuated the great dates of Reunion's history,
is entering a new phase; the Revolution of 1848, the period of the Popular
Front; liberation in France; and today, the left in power for a long time.

We must be aware of this situation, seize this opportunity and be deserving
of it.

Le Port, 4 August 1982

11915
cso: 4719/1308

66



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

FIRST HISPANOPHONE CONFERENCE--The first Hispano-African Conference is to

take place in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea, in October. Equatorial Guinea is

the only Spanish-speaking country in West Africa, apart from the Saharwi Arab
Democratic Republic (SADR), which is de facto Francophone. The announcement

of the forthcoming Congress was made by the Equato-Guinean Minister for Cul-
ture, Sen, Leandro M'bomio, on a recent visit to Madrid, Spain. The conference
is to be funded partly by UNESCO and will study the relative merits of imported
and autonomous cultures. Among the personalities invited are M. Amadou Machtar
M'Bow, the Director-General of UNESCO, former President Senghor of Senegal,

the Nicaraguan Minister for Culture, Sen. Ernesto Cardenal, and the Spanish
poet, Sen. Luis Rosales. Many Spanish-speaking Latin-American countries will
be sending delegations to the meeting. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English

23 Aug 82 p 2192]

CsO: 4700/1894

21



ANGOLA

CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL ON INDUSTRY HOLDS MEETING
Goals Announced
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Aug 82 pp 1-2

[Text] The presentation, discussion, and passage of the
Technical-Economic Plan for the year 1982-1983 will be
the center of attention of the participants in the en-
larged consultative council meeting of the Ministry of
Industry which began yesterday morning in the installa-
tions of the TEXTANG production unit in Luanda in the
course of a ceremony presided over by Bento Ribeiro,
Minister of Industry, also attended by Pascoal Luvualu,
member, Party Political Bureau and secretary-general of
UNTA [National Union of Workers of Angola].

Representatives of 90 enterprises, totaling an average of 300 participants,
for 3 days talked about the production targets proposed in the draft, thus
reaching the high point of a series of meetings and assemblies carried out in
the factories, in the provincial delegations, and in the directorates of the
Ministry, in line with the methodology for the plan approved on a higher level.

The opening session was also attended by the vice ministers of planning and
of industry, respectively, Henrique da Silva and Justino Fernandes; Adolfo
Nsikalangu, secretary in the office of the president for economic affairs;
and Galvao Branco, assistant secretary-general, UNTA. Also present were
deputies from the People's Assembly, industrial workers, as well as national
managers, provincial delegates from the Ministry and labor union leaders.

Industry Minister's Speech

In addressing the opening session of the consultative council meeting of the
Ministry of Industry, Minister Bento Ribeiro delivered an important address,
beginning with a statement to the effect that "the current situation of our
economy is difficult. It is a part of the world recession which in a more
serious manner hits the poorest countries as well as in a situation of war
which is imposed upon us by the South African racists and their lackeys whose
objective is the destruction of the country's economic structure."



NAMIBIA

REPORTAGE ON ALLEGED SECRET MEETING
Summit on Hough's Farm
Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 1 Sep 82 pp 1, 3

(Text ] ALTERNATIVE plans are currently

being made for SWA in case UN
Security Council Resolution 435 falls

through.

A number of meetings
have been held in recent
weeks between the AG Mr
Danie Hough and the
Chairman of the Ministers’
Council, Mr Dirk Mudge,
as well as between the AG
and ethnic leaders.

A summit was also held
recently on Mr Hough’s
farm near Pietersburg in
the Transvaal and attended
by the SA Prime Minister
Mr PW Botha, the Foreign
Minister Mr Pik Botha, Mr
Mudge and most of SWA’s
ethnic leaders.

The Advertiser has been
fully aware of these
developments for some
time but was requested to.
keep quiet because the
matter was regarded as ex-
tremely delicate and sen-
sitive.

This morning however
the first shots of what has
been happening were fired
by the DTA official organ,
‘Die Republikein.

It is not clear to what ex-
tent Die Republikein has
been aware of the
aforementioned —_ events,

26

what its motives were in
publishing the story and
whether it too had been re-

quested to keep quiet about
the matter.
Die Republikein

however only reported that
meetings had taken place
between Mr Hough, the

-Defence Force and ethnic

leaders.

It said that venues in-
cluded the Daan Viljoen
Game Reserve = and
Oshivello.

The Advertiser can
reveal that regular
meetings had taken place

“between the AG and ethnic

leaders in Windhoek as
well.
CLASH

The top secrét meeting
on Mr Hough’s farm ap-
parently saw a_ terrific
clash between — Prime
Minister Botha and Mr
Mudge over Mr Mudge’s
handling of the SWA situa-
tion.

It was witnessed by most
of the people present at the
summit.

Developments that have



extent the social worker and the health
inspector, deliver services directly to the
community. They are in the best position
to leam from the community and to
educate it.

Whenever freedom is harassed, protest
develops negatively, abrasively. I need not
remind you about the way in which the
concepts of black community programmes
and black consciousness developed into
aggressive, resistance-inspired program-
mes, This was because they were not
allowed free expression at the very be-
ginning, during which process they would
have become a soul-searching instrument
aimed at constructive engagement of the
rootless disinherited personality in the
rediscovery of self — the African self.

As it is, black consciousness became a
mere political slogan that did not have
the opportunity to ask questions and
seek answers to them. It continues at that
elementary ad hoc level.

IL I were to project the possible
development of black consciousness, I
could see it sink the shaft of its sensi-
bility into the deep-deep levels of culture
where it can commune with the God of
Afrika and the ancestors; where it can

begin to know itself, rediscover the col-
lective consciousness,

From these levels it can inform our
education, so that we may also get over
the shame of being who we are, a shame
we feel simply because by rediscovering
our cultural strengths we shall appear to
be supporting Bantustans, and abdi-
cating our right to live in the urban areas.

We also feel ashamed because we make
the error of thinking that African culture
means tribal customs. We even adopt
meaningless phrases like “‘tribal music and
dance” “tribal beads” and so on, instead
of simply “African music and dance”
or “traditional African” this or that.

If we study African cultures we shall
discover that they share a spiritual
universe, a cosmology that transcends
terms like “tribe” to the extent that the
term “African culture” becomes meaning-
ful. And we are talking here of the
spiritual levels of culture.

Again, if we can get over the shame,
we shall be able to define our own terms
for ourselves. Black consciousness should
not be content to travel on the easy wings
of slogans and shallow sense of belonging.

It should not be afraid to go through
the pain of cultural self-exploration and
self-recognition, because of the mental
effort involved or because of the likeli-
hood of our beloved myths being shatter-
ed by the shaft of light that will be let ing

cso: 4700/1891

95



biggest of the papers trumpeting away
week after week about the wonders of
PW and his pending breakthrough to a
new tomorrow it is not easy for others to
swim against the tide of blind optimism.

Thus the critical question goes unask-
ed: Change to what?

Thank God for the Black Sash. With
great courage and an indefatigable tena-
city Sheena Duncan and her little band of
specialists from the advice offices have
become a lone voice of analytical fact
through all this tinsel-storm of pretence
and wisliful thinking.

Sitting there in their advice offices,
they know what the realities are. Illusions
cannot survive in such places, And what
these desperate women keep trying to get
across through all the waffle about new
tomorrows is that, for the 21-million
Africans of this country, things are not
changing for the better but for the worse.

Sheena Duncan has talked of the
coming of a “Genocide Bill”. An over-
statement, obviously, but its use is a
measure-of her exasperation and in the
context of the rural catastrophe that is
being engendered by the mad intensifi-
cation of the homelands policy it is not
altogether unjustified.

Ti. Black Sash has just published a
study of the resettlement programme
showing that 3-million people have been
relocated over the past 20 years. It is
possibly the biggest programme of forced
human resettlement in history. And it is
being intensified. Another 1-million are
scheduled for removal in terms of home-
land consolidation plans already decided
upon, and the Van der Walt Commission
will soon be announcing its final conso-
lidation proposals which will lead to the
relocation of countless more.

Conditions in these resettlement
camps are a disgrace to any country
calling itself Western, Christian or
civilised. Yet the programme of packing
more and more desperate people into
them goes on remorselessly.

The Cape squatters are bulldozed out
and sent back to the Ciskei and Transkei
again and again, even though there is no
hope of a livelihood for them there. Now
a new law is to make the removal of
squatters unchallengeable in court.

The influx control regulations are
being made much stricter. The Riekert
Report, hailed as reformist, made recom-
mendations which mean that the number
of blacks employed in “white” South
Africa should be kept to the minimum

88

needed by the “white” economy, and
this is now being implemented.

The loopholes that used to enable
thousands of blacks to enter the cities
illegally to find jobs are being systematic-
ally closed.

Many Africans were prepared to pay
the penalty of a R100 fine or a spell in
jail for the sake of a few months’ work.
This is being stopped by shifting the
responsibility on to the employer who is
not prepared to pay the penalty, so he
doesn’t offer the job. The fine went up
to R500 in 1979 and will soon go up
again to RS 000.

‘And just to make trebly sure, any
“legal” black who accommodates an
“illegal” will be liable to a fine of R500

Thousanas of Africans, many of whom

have been in this country for decades, are
being deported to Zimbabwe and
Mozambique even when their employers
want them to stay.

The process of denationalising black
South Africans is being intensified. The
Government is bent on handing over
KaNgwane and Ingwavuma to Swaziland,
in the most crass act of indifference to
people’s wishes that this country has
seen, just so that another 1-million
black people can cease to be South
African citizens.

Yet P.W. Botha is prepared to split
his party in order to admit Coloureds
and Indians to Parliament.

Where is the logic behind such an
apparently contradictory pattern of,
action? What exactly is the shape of this
tomorrow towards which the Nationalists
are trying to lead South Africa?

Change to what?

On the evidence, the conclusion has to
be that it is not an attempt to end white
domination at all, but to reinforce it.

The white citadel is to be strengthened
by trying to co-opt the Coloureds and
Indians as allies, while shutting out the
African masses more rigorously than ever.

This involves the sacrifice of giving
political rights to the Coloureds and
Indians, which has caused the National
Party to split. But, as Mr Botha so
patiently tried to explain to the block-
headed verkramptes, it is “healthy”
power-sharing, which means it is of a
kind that can never threaten white,
and specifically Afrikaner, domination
of the political system.

The Coloureds and Indians are minor-



Bento Ribeiro also pointed out that "as an underdeveloped country, we must grow,
we must achieve higher growth rates, so as to improve the living conditions of
our people and to create the technical-material foundations for the construc-
tion of socialism. We must however observe that, on the contrary, we are now
witnessing a general decline in output and a significant number of factory
shutdowns caused by the lack of raw material supplies. The intermittent pro-
duction efforts in the factories create difficulties on the organizational
level and promote lack of discipline. If we do not solve this central problem
in guaranteeing the proper flow of technical-material supplies to the enter-
prises, then we cannot hope to improve the current situation."

After touching on the importance of the plan's discussion on the base level,
in the factory production meetings, the minister of industry pointed out that
"we cannot try to build socialism without the broad and democratic participa-
tion of the working masses; knowing what he is doing, knowing what the plan
target and the output goals are, the conscientious worker will produce more
than the worker who is not aware of his tasks in the factory."

During the final part of the speech Industry Minister Bento Ribeiro essential-
ly covered the reorganization which is being contemplated in some industry
sectors. He thus announced that "in the food industry, the sugar output has
to go up next year to 37,000 tons, compared to an estimated output of 28,000
tons this year; the beer industry will have to maintain its current output
level of 800,000 hectoliters while the edible oils industry will have to in-
crease its output to 8 million liters. Among the light industry, we must
single out the textile sector which will have to keep its output at 20 million
square meters; the new production unit, TEXTANG II, in Luanda, is scheduled to
go into operation next year and work is to be started on the textile complexes
in Huambo and Malanje. The output of blankets will have to increase from
450,000 to 650,000 and the output of soap will have to be increased from 8,000
to 15,500 tons. In the heavy industry, the biggest advance will have to come
in the metal working industry establishments which will be converted for the
production of transportation equipment and materials. The mining industry
will have to achieve an output of 1,800,000 carats and regular exploration of
the iron mines at Kassinga will have to be started," Bento Ribeiro concluded.

"More Realistic’ 1983 Plan
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Aug 82 p 1

[Excerpts] The preparation of a 1983 plan draft which make it possible to chart
a more realistic strategy which can be adjusted to the country's current
economic-financial situation deriving from a profound debate and study of the
current situation in the industrial sector was the dominant note of work done
by the enlarged consultative council meeting of the Ministry of Industry ending
last night in Luanda.

For 3 days, hundreds of representatives of enterprises from all branches of
industry engaged in an open discussion of the principal and countless problems
affecting this vital sector of the Angolan economy; in a realistic approach,
they outlined measures capable of bringing about rapid recovery and revival
of the Angolan industrial establishment.



SOUTH AFRICA

REFLECTIONS ON EDUCATION, BLACK PRIDE OFFERED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 pp 12-13

[Article by Professor Es'kia Mphahlele:
With Whites"]

[Text]

A; an oppressed people, it has been
our fate that we cannot fruitfully guide
the choice of careers and educate in the
classroom for our own purposes. Some-
one else designs our education for his
own purpose.

There is very little, for instance, in
our curricula in school and university that
is intended to reinforce our confidence in
ourselves, sharpen our awareness of self
in the African context, to shape a
collective consciousness that is con-
structive, to stimulate us to create.

On the contrary, because we are being
educated for other people’s purposes
in the classical colonial sense — after all
we are a colonized people — because
we are considered primarily to be a
labour reservoir, we are being trained to
fit into jobs.

If such jobs are not ready for us we
shall have been trained also to look for
them, to present ourselves in suits and
ties and polished shoes for the interview.
We are trained to work for a white man
or under white supervision, and not to
create jobs of our own according to the
genuinely-felt demands of our com-
munities.

In addition to this deficiency, ours is
an authoritarian and not a humanistic
education, A handicap which, alas, we
share with whites, although few of them
will have perceived it or admit it —
blinded, deafened, insensitized as they are
by privilege and power, by tribal loyalties,

A curriculum that we have not our-
selves fashioned in accordance with our
sense of communal imperatives except at
the superficial level of a “job description”,
and on top of that an authoritarian
education — that is what we have.

94

"Education:

The result? Regulations and pro-
clamations come out of the bureaucratic
machine like a jet stream from a fire-
brigade hose; every official is armed with
a fire extinguisher strapped onto hi:
back ready for troubles; somebody from
the top breathes down the neck of the
school inspector, he in turn breathes
down the neck of the headmaster, who
breathes down the neck of the teacher.
who in turn bullies his students and
pupils.

Because the student was born too late
in this whole hierarchy, he has no one to
bully, so he revolts. He takes it out on
buildings and vehicles and on himself.

But even within the existing structures
all is not hopeless. Schools, colleges and
universities still have, if they have the
will, a fighting chance to inject enrich-
ment that will supplement what we are
programmed for in the classroom and
compensate for what is lacking.

This requires an administration com-
mitted to truth, intellectual integrity
and humanistic education that — in con-
trast to authoritarian education — in-
strinsically promotes freedom of inquiry,
of expression, of association and of the
creative spirit. 1 am talking here about an
all-inclusive humanism that engages not
mere cold intellect but also the heart, and
therefore has no room for master-race
attitudes or racist and colonizing drives.

The basis of it all amounts to self-
education, and this offers a clear pointer
to non-formal education — education
through community services, through the
day-to-day exchange of ideas, thoughts,
words, compassion, spiritual vitality, the
will to survive, to be. The doctor, lawyer,
the teacher, (including the minister)
the nurse, the trade unionist, to some

A Handicap We Share


CSO:

4700/1891

usually here for a short while to fulfill
specific tasks for the community and
like all other housing, single accommodat-
ion cannot be the sole responsibility of
the Government. Already the private
sector is involved in the building of
modern new men’s residences like George
Goch to the amount of roughly R8-
million.

In addition hereto some employers are
in the process of upgrading and improving
existing hostels. We would like to appeal
to private enterprise through this article,
to help us improve conditions in all the
hostels.

If residents pay a higher rent, we
might be able to provide better facilities
for them, but at the moment it is cheap
and the money received from residents
leaves no room for improvements.

If the West Rand Administration
Board, the private sector and the hostel
dwellers are willing to tackle this problem
together a more satisfactory solution will
be found. e

99



in society of competi-
tive, recreational and
therapeutic sport.

“This led the HSRC
to make recommenda-,
tions that apparently
assign a more import-
ant place in -Govern-
ment spending to sport
and its administration
than it has enjoyed un-
til now.” ~

: The Government
would have to clarify,
for itself the degree of
preference it should
give sport within the
limits of a naturally re-

SA Sports Council Urged

AN in-depth investige-
tion should be launched
into discriminatory
legislation and should
amake recommendations

justifiable discrimina-
tion In sport, the Human '
Sciences Research
Council has recom-
mended.

, main
on the HSRC’s probe

into sport in South Afri-

co

Presenting the repott
to the Minister of Nat-
fonal Education, Dr Ger
rit Viljoen, yesterday,
the president of the
HSRC, Dr J G Garbers,
said he hoped the inves-
tigation and the recom-

made would

le the basis for fu-

ture decision-making en
sports matters.

In its report, the
HSRC says the investi-
gation into discrimina-
tion should be interdis-

based on the findings
and recommendations of
17 sub-reports. The in-
vestigation was carried
out under _ the
chairmanship of Profes-
sor G J L Scholtz, of the
Potchefstroom Universi-

stricted financial cap-
ability.

A further striking as-
pect of the report, Dr.
Viljoen said, was that
emphasis was placed
throughout on sport as
a universally human
Phenomenon and on
the fundamental free-
dom of each individual
to take part in sport.

“This leads to a view
that everything poss-
ible should be done to
make sport accessible
to all.”

Central to this ap-
proach was a philos-

[Excerpts]

ty.

After considering all
the findings, the com
mittee says, it became
clear that consideration
would have to be given
to the desirability of
amalgamating or fusing
certain sport structures.

‘This led to the follow-
ing key recommends-
tions:

@ That’ an autono-
* South

© That the following
institutions be given the
ception to be taken up in
the proposed Sports
Council on the under-
standing that the inter-
ests of the employees
concerned would not be
prejudiced — the SA
Sports Federation, the
SA Trimsa Federation,
the RSA Sports Trust,
the SA Council on
Sport, or most of the Di-
rectorate, Sport Promo-
tion, of the Department
of National Education,
and the Sport and Ri:
reation Division of the
Department of Co-oper-
ation and Development.

The committee slso
recommends that:

‘© The South African
Olympic and National
Games Association and
the SA Association for
Physical Education and
Recreation remain in
existence and be en-
abled to carry out their

115

ophy that it was incum-
bent on society in
general to provide a se-
ries of services, facili-
ties and opportunities
for the enjoyment of
sport by individuals.

“I should think that
society and particularly
Government and the
State should play a sup-
portive role in the pro-
vision of sport, supple-
menting the initiatives
of individuals, .private
organisations and
clubs, rather... than
guaranteeing basic pro-
vision,” Dr Viljoen aid.

functions —_ effectively;
and

@ All representative
national sports control-
ling bodies be invited to
affiliate with the pro-
posed SA Sports Coun-
ell.

If these recommenda-
tions were to be imple-
mented, the report says,
‘a new era would dawn in.
tho important contribu-
tion of the Sport Foun- “
dation of Southern Afri-
ca to the provision of
sport.

“There was complete
agreement that this
institution, financed by
the Rembrandt group of
companies, should re-
main in existence in the
interests of sport in the
Republic. -

“Consultations — will
have to be held with
these companies in the
hope that sports services
of this nature will be
able to be expanded in
the future.

* A number of key find-
Ings indicate iandetyuate
sports provision ” * by’
sports bodies, the report
continues. .

“It was also found that
the rationalisation of
scarce resources was es-
sential. It should be
noted that sports man-
agement in the Repub-
Hic, from macro to club
level, ‘mainly depends
on the input of individ-
uals who are involved on


Finally, the living conditions of emigres in France must be improved. And
their return to the island (on vacation or otherwise) must likewise be facili-
tated. Measures to this effect have already been taken by the leftist government.

Social Policy

The Communist Party's goal is to improve the population's living conditions
by developing the country.

The social measures which it proposes are definitely in keeping with this goal.
In particular, they should not contribute to our economy's imbalances.

1. Social and Family Benefits

Family policy must be based on one principle: In general, Reunionese children
must not receive benefits less than those received by French children.

The proposals are as follows:

Implementation of true overall parity; all benefits are extended to Reunion
at the rate at which they are set in France.

They shall be provided to Reunionese families, in part directly and in part
in the form of social redistribution: This means an expanded and reorganized
FASO.

All families of wage earners will share in this institution of FASO (both the
public and private sectors).

The activity criterion, providing entitlement to family benefits, will be
eliminated in the near future, which means that all Reunionese families will
share in the funding of the FASO.

The FASO's receipts at the present time, approximately 124 million francs,
will be able to reach 350 million francs.

2. Social Redistribution

What we call social redistribution is all services and benefits in kind which
will be provided individually or collectively to Reunionese families.

The major features of this social redistribution will be: A major public dining
hall service with dietetic supervision, teacher training and training of per-
sonnel assigned to organize leisure-time activities; participation in the
generalization of supervised studies in elementary and secondary schools; par-
ticipation in the new government housing policy; various programs for occupa-
tional training and inclusion of young people in economic activities.

3. Other Social Measures

The social role of development projects must not be underestimated. The funds
allocated to them must be increased appreciably.

62



SEYCHELLES

IN-DEPTH RESEARCH ON CREOLE LANGUAGE INCREASING
Victoria NATION in French 21 Aug 82 p 12
[Article by A. Toualbi: "The Creole Section Fully Engaged in Research"]

[Text] The Creole Section has undertaken a gigantic task
over the past 3 months. This task centers around four main
areas: research, formulation of teaching methods, training
and evaluation of materials and training.

The major element of this task is unquestionably research
that is the subject of very special attention and that takes
two directions, one being standardization of written Creole,
especially through the preparation of a grammar, the other
being research in education.

Working from the basic principle that Creole has for a long time been
essentially a spoken language, in-depth linguistic research was deemed
indispensable so that the passage from the spoken to the written might take
place in accordance with standards aimed at clarifying the meaning and value
of words and at showing grammatical forms and structure.

Spoken and Written Language

The spoken language is basically different from the written one in that it is
very much subjective in nature. As soon as one speaks, one has recourse

not only to words themselves but also, and at times especially so (a baby
that still cannot speak still manages to make itself understood), to
clarifying talk with all kinds of expressions, from looks, from the face that
lightens up, gestures, the tone which may contain various feelings, such as
joy, anger, sadness, surprise, etc. Moreover, and justly so, because it is
enriched by all kinds of human expressions, the spoken language can do
without preciseness, nuances, exactness. If, while speaking, one were to
neglect respecting a strict grammatical point, if one were to make errors,

to repeat oneself, to be redundant, i.e., all kinds of expressions that are
not indispensable to understanding, such as "ou konnen," "zot," [as published]
"be," etc., which in linguistic terminology afe called emphatic, connotive,
denotative, etc., that would not take away anything from its richness because
a word is not developed in isolation (except that today through the use of

68



ANGOLA

TAAG OPPOSES IATA-DECIDED PRICE INCREASE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Aug 82 p 1

[Text] The Angolan Air Transport Company (TAAG) recently rejected the Inter-
national Air Transport Association's (IATA) decision to increase air fares by
7 percent for international flights, ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency] learned from
the Commercial Directorate of the enterprise.

The fare increase could be beneficial for TAAG if its business alone were con-
sidered. But, on making general computations, this increase would not benefit
the company in any way, because of the amount of foreign currency our country
would spend, TAAG's commercial director, Albino Vieira, said.

This 7-per cent increase stipulated by IATA, to take effect next October, will
benefit the more developed companies (American and European), to the detriment
of the less developed ones.

For the large companies, these benefits will amount to profits of $2 billion
(about 60 billion kwanzas), the maximum amount the market can bear, whereas for
other companies, these profits will not be realized, because they will lose a
large part of their passengers, thereby reducing their receipts.

The commercial director of TAAG further pointed out that at present the Angolan
air line still does not have enough revenue to reduce its operating deficit,
since the enterprise's profitability had been affected by various factors that
prevented it from increasing its income.

9805
CSO: 4742/376



SOUTH AFRICA

LIVING-CONDITIONS IN MIGRANT HOSTELS DESCRIBED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 pp 24-29

{Article by Benson Ntlemo with WRAB explanation:

[Text]

ERHAPS the words of my eldest

brother, who until lately has been a

hostel dweller, will give some light
about hostel life: “We are the nomads of
our times, For in a period of twelve years
the chances are that one has seen one’s
people for a year or less, not to say slept
on your own cosy bed for the self same
period.” People living in hostels are con-
tract workers who are allowed a vacation
of one month each year which when add-
ed up makes one year out of twelve.

I spoke to the inmates of the Prospect
Compound that caters for the railway
workers. Most everybody there could not
single out one factor which interested or
disinterested him. Mr Calvin Shingawani,
a driver, apparently particularised the
feelings of his fellow inmates when he
said, “Life is not good nor bad here, but
monotonous.” Asked if there was truth in
that they are shown films every Wednes-
day and Saturday he said sarcastically,
“There is nothing”.

There are different kinds of hostel
buildings — flats or small houses. Nance-
field comprises separate three roomed
houses erected in series. Each man has
got his bed in one of the two bed rooms.
There are six to eight or even up to 12 in
each room. People share the midroom as
a kitchen and diningroom.

In one room one can find a preacher, a
drunkard and a faction fighter. When one
prays the other drinks “mbamba” (sko-
kiaan) and the other one fixes his weapon
for slaughter.

In Nancefield Madala a man has only a
bed in his sleeping room. His space is as
large as the size of his bed. If he has
things like clothes, he has to put them
under the bed. This also applies to Jeppe
Hostel. The other hostels have lockers

96

and one small bench for each bed. Some
have to bring their own chairs for in case
there are visitors.

L George Goch the people living on
one floor cook in one kitchen which is
next to a large dining hall.

Stoves using coals are available and fire
is made by WRAB employees in the early
hours of the morning. There is another
hall on the pathway to the kichen where
the crockery is kept in lockers, Each man
has to take his pot, salt and other things
pertaining to cooking to the kitchen and
wait for his turn to cook. In most hostels
people keep their food with their clothes
in their lockers and they must make sure
that they buy meat that can be finished
in one day.

There are shower rooms in all hostels.
As often as not the water in the showers
is warm to hot. At Dube hostel it is cold.
Basins supposed for washing crockery are
used by some for washing themselves.
This gives them dual purposes.

Electric lights are there in all hostels
except where they have been broken,
then the men use candles. There are
different rules to different rooms but in
most cases if one man wants to sleep the
others have to put off the light and if
they want to keep on speaking they have
to do so in the kitchen, This is a cause of
trouble because when someone is drunk
he usually disregards the rules and makes
noise which may cause a quarrel with
those who want to sleep soundly.

"The Nomads of Our Times"]


EQUATORIAL GUINEA

OBIANG PRESENTS CONSTITUTION FOR POPULAR REFERENDUM

London WEST AFRICA in English 23 Aug 82 p 2148

[Text]

A CONCERTED attempt by Colonel
Obiang Nguema to improve the image of
Equatorial Guinea has been cautiously
welcomed by an opposition leader and
foreign aid donors. Colonel Obiang, who
overthrew the dictator Macias Nguema
three years ago this month, has presented a
Constitution to the people and asked them
to approve it by referendum. First returns
of the referendum, according to official
sources, appear to approve the Con-
stitution. Under the Constitution, Presi-
dent Obiang remains in power for seven
more years. After that period, real “elec-
tions” are promised.

Details of the Draft Constitution were
not available as we went to press, but it was
understood to include guarantees on Hu-
man Rights some political freedoms.

Colonel Obiang has been touting for
foreign aid and investment recently, parti-
cularly from the former colonial power,
Spain. Relations with the “West” have
improved from the time of Macias when
Russian advisers abounded in Malabo, on
the island, and in Bata, capital of the
mainland portion of the country.

High points in this new direction were
President Obiang’s May visit to Madrid
and the visit of the Pope to Malabo this
February. Only last month, President Mit-
terrand’s influential adviser, M. Guy
Penne, visited Malabo.

In April this year Colonel Obiang laun-
ched a fund-raising drive in Geneva.
Projects worth about $150m. were listed,
and loans for these projects have now been
secured. The money comes from the IMF
and 29 countries organised by the UN.

The most vocal of the opposition move-
ments, the (exiled) Democratic Movement
for the Liberation of Equatorial Guinea
(RDLGE), has apparently supported the
new Constitution, though it had previously

18

expressed reserves about the nature of the
vote. There are also questions about who
and how many the RDLGE represents. In
July, the President of the movement, Sen.
Manuel Ruben N’Dongo, was apparently
under the impression that full elections
would take place this month. He said in
Paris that his party would present candi-
dates “‘at the elections” if multipartyism
was to be allowed. However, the RDLGE
has now “wholly” approved of the referen-
dum on the Constitution.

According to Colonel Obiang, the Uni-
ted Nations have been involved in drawing
up the Constitution, which will include
guarantees for foreign investors that their
staff and plant will be safe. There would
also be guarantees for all the ethnic groups
in the country. They had all been con-
sulted, the President said. Under the rule

, Of Macias Nguema ethnic groups other

than the Fang — to which Macias be-
longed, as does Obiang — were persecuted.

The opposition recently claimed that this
sort of persecution was continuing under
Obiang; “Macias’ former Popular Militia,
which were integrated into the National
Guard, continue their arbitrary practices”,
Sen. N’Dongo, President of the RDLGE,
said in July this year. ‘Prisoners arrested
by Macias have still not been released and
the regime in power has shown itself
incapable of solving the acute economic
problems of the country,” he added.

The economic situation is indeed acute.
The main resource of the country is cocoa.
From a peak production in 1968 of over
80,000 tonnes per annum, cocoa receipts
fell steadily during the Macias years. Cur-
rent production is under 10,000 tonnes per
annum. The flight of Equato-Guinean poli-
tical refugees from the country was partly
responsible, as was the evacuation by the
Nigerian Government of skilled Nigerian



But uncompromising does not mean unobjective. The Communist Party does not
believe that everything, in connection with the policy followed during these
last 20 years, is totally negative. There are many achievements which no one
would think of challenging.

Over the years, Reunion has received significant funds which have made possible
the establishment of numerous physical plants. Efforts have been made in the
case of educational buildings, hospital establishments, works of art on major
highways, hydroelectric equipment, etc.

The existence of a Road Fund, abundantly supplied by the contributions of
motorists, has made possible a marked improvement in the highway system.

Socially, workers' struggles, which have always enjoyed the support of the
Communist Party, have made it possible to extract social achievements which
have been denounced by the right on every occasion, whether it is a question
of wage guarantees (interoccupational minimum growth wage, collective wage
agreements, etc.), extensions of social or family benefits, or legislation
regarding unemployed workers.

A European-type lifestyle based on massive public transfers has developed
against a background of underdevelopment and unemployment, giving the illusion
of a country on the path of progress.

Reunion has not developed. It is growing without development. This is the
result of our economic situation and its social consequences.

1. The Crisis of Production Sectors

The economy of Reunion is characterized by a crisis affecting production sectors:
the primary sector and the secondary sector.

A. Agriculture
Agricultural production is declining or stagnating.

In the case of sugar cane, although the plan for modernizing the sugar economy
has been completed and we are beginning the consolidation plan, the goal of
300,000 tons of sugar has not been reached. The value of sugar production
has only risen very slightly in recent years: 394,004,600 francs in 1978;
407,468,500 francs in 1979; 405,603,400 francs in 1980.

In the case of crops:

Reunion's second industrial crop, geraniums, has been going through a slow
death for several years. Nothing serious has been done to save it. The pro-
posed reconversion measures for the 3,000 planters have no guarantee and except

for a few single operations, they are doomed to failure.

The vast majority of geranium planters do not even have the interoccupational
minimum growth wage in order to live.

7



feasible by the certainty of resolute white
resistance. Rather than risk a bloody
racial conflagration, they are prepared to
settle for something less. For blacks to
openly declare themselves compromisers
is not easy in the prevailing climate of
polarisation. The term ‘black moderate’
has, through the government's use there-
of, become a discredited one in black
eyes, bearing a typical Quisling-
connotation. Notwithstanding these
constraints, it is a fair bet that a sizeable
number of black opinion leaders have a
keen sense of realpolitik and appreciate

| the need for exploring middle ground
political options. The appointment of
Buthelezi Commission is one such
example.

The white part of the middle ground
consists of those who acknowledge that a
white monopolisation of political power
is both indefensible and, in the long run,
undefendable, and who therefore realise
the imperative need for a new political
system providing for all racial groups to
share political power. Power sharing is
certainly not the same as simple black
majority rule in a unitary state. Exchang-
ing apartheid for the latter would not be
a case of political accommodation, but of
capitulation.

The white middle ground is not the
exclusive prerogative of any single politic-
al party. It can, however. be said that
parties to the right of the National Party
do not form part of the middle ground.
The National Party (even after the Big
Break) cannot readily be counted in the
middle ground either, but certain of its
younger MPs perhaps can.

A, far as the content of middle ground
politics is concerned, one has to be care-
ful, because the give-and-take of bargain-
ning and compromise demands flexibility.
But while the middle grounders steer
clear of the zero-sum rigidity inherent in
the white extreme’s blueprint politics and
the black extreme’s revolutionary politics,
they are certainly not without political
commitments. They have to stand for
something, not merely against or between
two extremes. Their baseline is likely to
include the following points: the reject-
ion of racial discrimination; the rejection
of political designs unilaterally formulat-
ed and imposed by one racial group, and
the acceptance of the need for joint
consultation between all racial groups in
devising a new political dispensation; the

92

recognition of the plural nature of South
African society and the need for safe-
guarding group interests in a new consti
tution; and emphasis on effecting politic
al reform peacefully. These aspects have
deliberately been stated in rather vague
terms and admittedly represent the low-
est common denominator. But then it is
in the very nature of middle ground com
promise politics that it cannot emulate
the extremists’ simple ‘solutions’ with
their slogan-like clarity and popular
appeal.

Since the various points just mention-
ed conflict with the non-negotiable
political goals of the extremists, they pre-
dictably react unfavourably. For the left-
ist camp, the middle grounders are re-
actionaries, trying to obstruct the liberat-
ion struggle. For rightist radicals, the
middle grounders are dangerous liberals,
prepared to sell out the whites. Until
recently Afrikaners in the middle group
were commonly awarded the added label
of ‘volksverraaiers’. The split in the
National Party will complicate matters,
since the parties to its right will portray
Mr P.W. Botha’s Nationalists as having
betrayed true, undiluted Afrikaner-
Nationalist ideology.

Being thus characterised is by no
means the worse fate to befall the middle
grounders. What is a serious problem, is
that the middle ground itself is in danger
of being dangerously eroded if polarisat-
ion between white and black increases.
There is no shortage of factors which
would harden attitudes on both sides of
the racial divide. To name only one on
each side: the lack of meaningful political
reform away from apartheid is bound to
strengthen the cause of blacks propagat-
ing a violent transformation to majority
tule; a white backlash against liberalisat-
ion can, in turn, easily be encouraged by
growing violence perpetrated by the so-
called liberation movements.

Tirernationat factors also come into
play here. Whites’ resistance to reform
may be further strengthened by external
pressure if a zero-sum alternative is
demanded of them — and black majority
rule is certainly seen as such. (It is only
necessary to recall the role of American
pressure in the 1977 general election.)

The nature of external demands can
also directly affect the middle grounders,
It is not uncommon for external opinion
to focus so heavily on the opposing racial
poles that the middle ground is either



DE KLERK'S DISMISSAL IN PERSPECTIVE

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 1 Sep 82 p 7

[Article by Leon Kok in column "From The Editor's Desk" ]

[Text]

I FOUND the news
this week of the ‘firing’
of Die Transvaler Editor

Dr Wimpie de Klerk by

Perskor Executive
Chairman Mr Marius
Jooste both amusing and
tragic.

Dr De Klerk was also
co-MD of Perskor.

I say this as one who
spent eight years in the
employment of the Perskor
group (including Die Tran-
svaler) — a group for which
I still have a great affinity.

1 will explain my
aforementioned remark.

Mr Jooste is not only the
greatest force within
Perskor, but is a tough old
elephant bull (at 75), a for-
midible businessman and
takes no nonsense from
anyone.

But I believe that he is
also an extremely likable
person.

There is probably only
one person whom Mr
Jooste doesn’t buck, and
that is Dagbreek Trust
Chairman Mr Ben
Schoeman who is at the
pinnicle of — Perskor’s
power. Oom Ben is no
softy himself.

Mr Jooste thinks nothing.
of putting Cabinet
Ministers in their place at
the drop of a hat, including
the Prime Minister, and

30

particularly when they
complain about what
Perskor newspapers might
be saying about them. I
say this out of personal ex-
perience. .

Mr Jooste’s attitude is
simply this: his group put
the present . government
into power, it has kept it
there and he owes the
government nothing.
Indeed, if anyone owes
anybody anything, the
gOvernment owes him one
hell of a lot. And on that
basis he is not prepared to
put up with any petty non-
sense.

The history of Perskor,
the NP and Mr Jooste are
in fact closely integrated.

Boer leader and former
SA Prime Minister General
Barry Hertzog won a
litigation shortly after the
Anglo-Boer war and. used
those funds to set up the
Transvaal-based new-
spaper Die Vaderland.
This newspaper has played
a significant role in the
struggle of both the
Afrikaner people and the
NP to this day. It is
presently edited by a good

“friend and former editor of
mine, Harald Pakendorf.
BROKE

Jooste joined this com-
pany after graduating from
the University of the Free
State and “a short spell in

NAMIBIA



What is important is that the right to challenge the
State in open court not only exists, but that the
right is exercised. That is the democractic way
and it is the way Zambians must all strive to
uphold, whether it means the arrest and subse-
quent release of a minister, or anybody at all.
That is justice.

cso: 4700/1899 END

130



ANGOLA

CAHAMA RESIDENTS DECLARE READINESS TO COMBAT ENEMY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Aug 82 p 4

[Excerpts] The people in the region of Cahama are ready to mobilize for the
fight against the enemy and for organization in handling production tasks.

Many of the inhabitants are presently moving the seat of the township after
coming in from their "mocundas" (small villages) with information that is
helpful in operations designed to confront the growing aggressiveness of the
racists and traitors.

According to municipal commissioner Antonio dos Santos, local party and govern-
ment authorities have decided to complete the efforts necessary to organize
the population with a view to combining all useful resources toward the solu-
tion of the region's problems.

In spite of the constant overflights of racist aircraft, the township of
Cahama seeks to meet local economic requirements. The workers are about ready
to join together in peasant organizations.

The latter are already harvesting large quantities of "massango," "massambala,"
corn, and beans which are the staple foods for the population in the southern
part of the country.

"This way of production and organization," said the municipal commissioner,
"helps this area on a large scale in getting materials for subsistence because
the war situation caused by South Africa does not permit the regular shipment
of food through domestic commerce agency."

The indoctrination and organization campaign launched by the authorities also
covers the military and police sectors and particularly is expressed through
the protection, by the people, of enemy positions as well as the report of
slander and rumors aimed at downgrading the policy of the MPLA-Labor Party.

Antonio dos Santos said that the solution to the achievement of prosperity

in Angola, above all in Cunene, "necessarily calls for the expulsion of the
racists from our country, with the support and determination of the armed

arm of the Angolan people, the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation
of Angola] and work for national reconstruction.

"In this sense, I urge the party, government, and military organizations in
Cahama to be ready to take all measures within their reach to solve the pro-
blems that are arising in the localities hit by bombings and to guarantee
peace to the population."

5058 Wy
cso: 742/391



species and partially imported products. c) Other industrial plants: At the
same time, new industries can be developed from imported raw materials. Assembly
lines for durable goods, manufacturing paints, varnishes, etc.

3) Training and Supervision Measures

The reasons for the failure of the industrial plans previously devised are
basically due to two factors: high production costs and the absence of protec-—
tion for local production.

It is therefore necessary to combat these factors through two types of measures:
a) protective measures and b) financial and tax incentives.

4) The Driving Force of the Economy: Public Capital

Although the mobilization of private capital is important, it is nevertheless
true that the driving force of the Reunionese economy, for a long time to come,
will be public capital: thus the essential role of the region's participation
in the process of our island's industrialization.

Crafts

Crafts was formerly a sector of activity which played a particularly important
role in economic life. It has been edged out today and yet possibilities still
exist. They must be utilized. The policy to be adopted is one of reviewing
the problem of taxes previously required of craftsmen, while at the same time
necessarily devising a series of measures incorporating them into a plan of
dynamism and profitability for operators and the community. Training and infor-
mation will accompany and support this undertaking of upgrading crafts.

Tourism

Priority must be given to domestic tourism, whose potential market has greater
specific importance. Satisfying the needs of Reunionese results in investments
and the creation of jobs. The contribution of foreign tourism will obviously
not be neglected.

Transportation

The new transportation policy must give consideration to the island's social
and economic realities.

Because of the rural exodus, underemployment and, finally, the important activity
of construction, Reunionese labor is a mobile labor force. That is a basic
social characteristic.

Moreover, because Reunion imports "much" of what it consumes and because it
exports "much" of its production, more than 1 million tons of goods are trans-
ported over the country's roads. That is an important economic characteristic.

Thus the cost of transportation can be a decisive factor in stimulating or

slowing the economy and an extremely important factor in determining the cost
of production and the cost of living.

58



UGANDA

HYBRID MAIZE REPORTED BECOMING MAJOR FOOD CROP
Kampala SUNDAY TIMES in English 29 Aug 82 p 7
[Article by Edward Lwanga]

[Excerpts] Hybrid maize is about ten years in Uganda. However, soon it
became one of the country's major food crops in addition to matooke and
finger millet. With the country's suitable climate all its needs is good
husbandry practices.

The biggest limitations so far facing the growing of hybrid maize in
Uganda is lack of certified seeds from some of our research stations and
seed multiplication schemes. However, the Government has tried to purchase
some rations konwn as "white star" from Kenya.

According to the Agricultural Extension Officer who preferred anonymity,
hybrid maize from Kenya performs well in our ecological environment and
the crop offers a big substitute in both human and animal nutrition.

Hybrid maize which is coloured green has a better performance than local
maize breed. Hybrid maize has a shorter gestation period (less than six
months) while local maize has nine months.

The Uganda maize is usually a victim of a virus disease known as "maize
streak." This is always characterised by strips yellowing of leaves
accompanied by retarded growth. Hygienic sanitation can, however, be a
good solution to the problem. But early planting is the best control
measure.

Apart from getting maize flour (posho) out of the maize grain, the crop
contains 10 per cent crude oil which can be extracted from the grain seed
under pressure. It can serve as pure cooking oil. This oil is the best
of all fromthe plant origin.

The new hybrid seeds have gained momentum in Uganda both to large scale
farming and peasant farming.

With the favourable natural climate and given the right kinds of seeds
in time, there is no doubt that hybrid maize will at one time take over
the growing of export crops like matooke and finger millet.

cso: 4700/1778

127



cso:

thousands the outrage became acute.
Some people got together and said some-
thing must be done.

Initially Azapo made the running but
then after a chance meeting outside the
bank in Dube, Mr L.M. Mathabathe took
the ball and ran with it, doing it almost
full time for days. It was he who arranged
the meetings and mobilised by now an
incensed public and to him must go the
principal credit for having brought about
this first, albeit modest, breakthrough
which we in the black community have
seen for a long time.

Up to then the whole opposition cause
had been presented as being purely a
black consciousness matter, with certain
newspapers referring in every second
sentence to BC. Mathabathe transcended
the BC constrictions and brought in
unity.

What is difficult to understand is why
the sponsors displayed such ignorance of
black attitudes towards sporting links
with the outside world.

Here I must concede that in hindsight
I too have erred in this respect, in attend-
ing the Terror Mathebula fight. This was
an error of judgement by me and many
people have never forgiven me for it. But
at least the World Boxing Association and
the World Boxing Council sanction fights
against South African opponents whereas
FIFA has specifically banned matches
against South Africa and for good reason.
Blacks see FIFA as fighting our battle,
and when FIFA says that soccer in South
Africa is far from integrated we echo
that enthusiastically. FIFA are heroes to
many blacks, and it is because of organ-
isations like FIFA as well as others like
Sanroc and individuals like Peter Hain
that those few changes which there have
been have taken place.

It should have been within the power
of a company like SA Breweries to under-
stand that.

Instead, with a few exceptions the
newspapers were all singing the same false
tune up until the time that the extent of
black reaction became impossible to
ignore. They were all saying, with George
Thabe, that soccer had done everything
possible to integrate.

But this is nonsense. There is no inte-
gration in school or at amateur level.

4700/1891

lil

South African soccer can by no stretch of
the imagination be described as complete-
ly integrated. The fact that a few clubs
now have members of the “other” colour
does not make even them integrated.
Chiefs is still black and Dion Highlands
white. -

M.... we could have lived with the
tour if Thabe and his cohorts had admit-
ted that football was facing impossible
problems because of what government,
the Transvaalonderwysunie and the racist
environment are doing to sport.

Instead they invited these foreigners
under the pretence that everything was
normal and that soccer had achieved all
that was to be achieved. Do they take us
for morons or cretins to accept this?

Now we have people talking nonsense
about how SA soccer has been set back
by decades. This is rubbish but if it was
true it would not be a bad thing. I would
like to see less obsession with soccer. Less
promotion of soccer and less expense on
soccer, so that some of our young people
would be left free to turn their minds to
the problems of their people instead of
filling them to exclusion with thoughts
of Kaizer Chiefs or Orlando Pirates.

I do not share the euphoria that has
been expressed by many blacks since the
cancellation. I am well aware that in the
totality of the struggle this is a very small
landmark. But it has been valuable in
several ways.

It has shown white companies that
they must take us seriously, and has
shown blacks the power of unity.

It has also reminded many blacks that
sport is not everything, and has reminded
us that we will refuse to sacrifice our
dignity for the sake of seeing a few stars
ona field.

It has shown up the split between
black aspirations and white understanding
of black aspirations, which is useful in
educating whites.

It has shown that no-one should
assume that because there has been a
lull therefore black opposition has dis-
appeared.

It has shown that when the bullhorn is
blown people with leadership are ready
willing and able to emerge from the town-
ships and to take to the streets and act,
and that the people respond. e



sport as part of an investigation into the entire sport situation in the
country.

He said TES had no objection in principle to these suggestions as it seemed
to him that the status quo would be retained.

No Objection

"We have no objections to sport contact in schools if it is used to promote
understanding and goodwill," he said.

"But if it is going to be used to promote the essentially political theory
of multiracialism, we won't stand for it."

TES had no objections to an umbrealla body for school sport in South Africa,
providing it was a federal concept.

"The umbrella organisation will have to reflect all sides of opinion; official
and unofficial," Mr Lambson said.

Decision-making concerning mixed sport in South African schools will be put
in the hands of the people who are directly involved in these sports, said
Mr Eddie Brown, president of the Transvaal Teachers' Association.

Tied Up

Commenting on recommendations concerning sports contact in schools made by

a special committee of the Human Sciences Research Council, Mr Brown said the
suggestions were tying up the De Lange Commission report on local management
exercising its opinion.

"It is a very good suggestion, it worked well for Craven Week and if this is
to be extended to all school sport, TTA thinks it is a very sound decision,"
Mr Brown said.

"It is the child and the parent who can take this decision and that is where
the decision should be taken."

Doubts

Mr Brown had certain doubts concerning the single umbrella body for school
sport. "If this body is goingto lead to increased participation and if it
facilitates local decision, it is acceptable.

“But if it has too many rules and regulations endangering the freedom of de-

cision on local level, we are not for it. As long as it doesn't become the
body first and sport second."

113



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

STUDY OF ECOWAS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION EFFORTS REVIEWED

London WEST AFRICA in English 30 Aug 82 pp 2223-2226

{Article by Dr. S. K. B. Asante]

[Text]

THE PROMOTION of economic co-
operation among developing countries is
now a well-accepted part of the inter-
national development policy. Almost all
issues in the field of international economic
relations are currently subordinated to the
quest for regional economic associations
and groupings among more or less geog-
raphically continguous areas. Over the past
two decades more than a dozen customs
and monetary unions, common markets,
free trade zones, and other regional co-
operative arrangements have been prop-
osed or established in Latin America,
Africa, and Asia. Some of these co-
operative schemes have never “gotten off.
the ground”. Others were torn apart at a
very early stage by deep political conflicts.
Despite the disappointments and the very
slow progress that some of these schemes;
have made, the countries concerned con-
tinue to display a genuine desire to nego-
tiate with each other for economic co-
operation. This process has received a
great deal of impetus in recent years,
particularly following the economic insta-
bility of the 1970s. In recent years, there-
fore, attempts at regional economic in-
tegration are in the forefront of the issues
with which the trade and development
policies of the developing countries are
concerned.

It is against this background that we
welcome a new illuminating study of ECO-
WAS* as the most concrete initiative in

*Development and Integration in West Africa:
the Case of the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS), by Ralph I. Onwu-
ka (University of Ie Press, 1982) already briefly
reviewed in West Africa of August 9, 1982.

this direction. Written by a young, brilliant
head of the University of Ife’s dynamic
Department of International Relations,
this book is of paramount importance in
that it makes a serious attempt to fill what
appears to be a near vacuum of publica-
tions covering almost all aspects of this first
major attempt at economic co-operation
and integration in the West African sub-
region cutting across divisions of language,
history, and existing affiliations and institu-
tions.

A recently-published work by John
P. Renninger, Multinational Co-operation
for Development in West Africa (1979),
only examines briefly the origins and pros-
pects of ECOWAS as one of the “numer-
ous inter-governmental organisations that
exist” in the West African sub-region with
which the author is concerned.

Important issues such as free
mobility of labour, equitable distribu-
tion of expected gains and losses from
integration, or trade liberalisation prog-
rammes have not received adequate atten-
tion in Dr. Renninger’s valuable
documentary volume. Similarly, as the title
implies, V, P. Diejomaoh and M. A.
Iyoha’s edited volume, Industrialisation in
the Economic Community of West African
States (ECOWAS) (published in 1980 for
the West African Economic Association) is
devoted almost solely to industrialisation
in ECOWAS and therefore it does not pay
sufficient attention to the other major
aspects of the Community. Thus, Dr.
Onwuka’s book is a valuable pioneering
work which addresses itself to almost all
aspects of recent developments in the West
African economic integration efforts.



NONPOLITICAL ROLE OF CHIEFS DEFENDED

SOUTH AFRICA

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English Sep 82 p 18

[Article by Sylvester P Mutsvairi:

[Text]

cso:

HE fallacy of Chiefs who masque-
rade as politicians is a very misguid-
ed conception that will delay the
emergence of the black man’s aspirations.

Chiefs are traditional politicians and
law givers from the time they are born till
they die. Politicians on the other hand are
elected by the people who have the
power to change them next time at the
polls. A chief is a hereditary leader who
cannot be changed.

Not all the chiefs are sophisticated and
educated politicians because this is not a
criterion to rule their tribes. They can
tule their poor tribes and exact astrono-
mical taxes from them to maintain their
status quo, but ordinary politicians must
show real improvement in the lot of their
people or they get axed out. A chief rules
over the tribe that understands his
language but an ordinary politician must
be able to use a foreign medium of
expression.

A chief cannot lead his tribe and other
tribes into a nation, otherwise his tribe
may wish to impose their language and
customs on other tribes as their chief
becomes stronger and a war would erisue.

A chief is a reservoir of tribal custom

4700/1891

"The Chiefs Are Not Politicians"]

90

and tradition which the educated black
should emulate also, but he cannot expect
urban blacks to owe allegiance to him.

The unfortunate mistake was brought
about by the colonisers who decided to
pay a chief a salary and who alienated
him from his tribesmen. A chief is now a
paid servant of the state and he therefore
cannot refuse orders from his masters
who build for him beautiful houses and
assembly chambers and offer him beauti-
ful cars in exchange for acceptance of
pseudo independence.

If anyone opposes this set up he gets
banned or gets jailed under various Acts
copied from the master, so homeland rule
is a sure policy of divide and rule.

The introduction of chiefs into politics
is an absurdity which obscures their true
functions to their tribesmen and can
therefore never unite the aspirations of
the South African black man as a whole.
Luckily chiefs have seen it fit to confine
themselves to their homeland rule which
seems to me not a serious matter worth
any attention. They should prepare their
men for entry: into proper nationhood
which is not far off. e



OC SPELLS OUT THE FUTURE OF SWATF

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 82 p 8

[Text]

WINDHOEK. — The fu-
ture of the SWA Territo-
rial Force, if Resolution
435 of the United Nations
should be implemented,
was the first time spelled
out by Major-General
Charles Lidyd on Satur-
day. :

Gen Lloyd, officer ¢om-
manding the SWA Terrl-
torial Force, spoke at a
medal parade at the show-
grounds in Windhoek to
celebrate the forces ‘sec-
ond birthday.

“After cessation of the
hostilities for a period of
time still ‘to be decided
upon mobilised troops will
be limited ‘to base and
monitored by Untag moni-
tors. Units who are not
mobilised at the time will
remain demobilised.””

“Thereafter all units”
support weapons'and am-
munition will be handed
in at ‘unit headquarters
where it will be kept in
safe custody by the units
concerned, under the sur-
veillance of Untag moni-
tors. Personal weapons
will not be handed in and
Untag will not take con-
trol of arms and ammuni-
tion handed in’, ;Gen
Lioydsiad.

Time schdule
“The: numbers of the
mobilised troops would

cso: 4700/1926

35

be reducéd in atcordance
with a preplanned. time
schedule. Members of the’
Black battalion’ would go
on leave with pay. They
would return to their
headquarters once a
month to draw their pay. «

Gen Lloyd stressed that
the members would: not
be pushed into the cold to
become victims of Swa-
po’sintimidation:~-

He pointed out that the
demilitarisation. of the
SWATE would be a tem-

‘porary =. phase —_ which’

should last only for the
duration of the election
campaign.

After election

1 “The development : 2of

“the SWA'TF is'part of the

SWA independance pro-
gress and after the elec-
tion the new constitution
will provide for a defence
force which will incorpor-
ate ‘the SWATF as it is

‘Tn the ‘iicahtiine? Gen
Lloyd said, the SWATF
would continue to. devel-
op with the eye on the in-
dependance of the coun-
try. It was imperative to
provide the. new ‘state
witha defence force
which could guarantee its
saféty and sovereinty.

NAMIBIA


performance of her duties. She said she was asked to accompany the police
to the Boons police station to wait for the Security Police. "I refused
to go as I had no intention of waiting for a Security Policeman to drive
from Rustenburg to question me." Mrs Suzman said she was not questioned
and on identifying herself, she was permitted to leave. At the invitation
of tribal elders, Mrs Suzman had visited the farm Mathopestad owned by
the Batlokwa tribe who are threatened with removal to the Rustenburg
district. The farm had been owned by their ancestors since 1911 and the
elders had the title deeds. "They feel sore and defrauded in the whole
thing," she said. She hoped that the authorities "will have second or
third thoughts about the removal." A police public relations directorate
spokesman said yesterday that the police at Boons had received a report
from Chief Arthur Mathope at 10.45 am on Friday that there were Whites

in the "village" about whom he knew nothing." A police sergeant at Boons
went to Mathopestad and asked Mrs Suzman to accompany him to the police
station, said the spokesman. Mrs Suzman identified herself and was per-
mitted to leave. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Sep 82

p 15]

cs0: 4700/1929

122



V Vict characterises hostel life is that it
borders on the abnormal. Old men are
relegated to mere bachelors because their
wives are back in their tribal lands and
they have to cook for themselves, wash
and iron for themselves. Usually a man
has to sit on his bed because more often
than not the table is occupied by people
drinking “‘mbamba” or beers.

Mbamba and beers are sold by reason
that some men, because they cannot be
registered, start making clandestine busi-
nesses like running shebeens in order to
make money. When they are financially
well off they bribe the hostel police
sergeant so that it becomes a “legal” busi-
ness known only to the hostel’s police-
men. When the hostel police hears word
that the S.A.P. are coming he warns them
to hide the illegal stuff.

Women may not sleep or even enter
into the hostel rooms except in hostels
like Dube or Nancefield where the law is
just a saying. Women are often the cause
of carnage. Those who frequent hostels
are so money-minded that when one of
them enters a room she does not feel
bound to know who she visits, she always
goes to the highest bidder. This makes the
one who first won her offended. Women
who frequent hostels are mainly ingogos
which is the word for those who can be
lured for 25 cents. Many people feel that
even if they were allowed to live with
their wives in hostels they would not do
so because the places themselves are
demoralising.

While shebeens in the hostels are run
illegally, also some other businesses there
are illegal. One may find watches, cassette
radios, and different types of clothes
being sold clandestinely. There are other
businesses outside the gates of the hostels
where one may buy different healing
mutis, even for venereal diseases. Also
sold are mutis to trap the one who has an
affair with another's wife.

At Nancefield I spoke to a number of
people at a hostel shebeen discussing
“tinxaka ta Makhombo” (dangerous
tribesmen e.g. kierie-toting Zulus or
Southern Sothos) whose reign of terror,
as they say, sometimes arrests the people
on their way to the station.. They all agree
‘on one thing; ‘something should be done
or we die”. But they have neither faith
nor respect for the police be they SAP or
WRAB. For the SAP they have fear
blended with hatred, for WRAB they
have disdain.

It is believed that money rules the

97

hostels. Stories of corruption are
numerous. Like off-duty SAP who come
in the number of three or four to rob
money from the so-called “illegals”, and
the on-duty WRABs who come for bribes
and act always as if the so-called “‘il-
legals” are mini-Oppenheimers. No
emphasis is laid on crime, although the
police are meant to be there to stop
crime. It is so dangerous that there are
times when nobody goes out either to the
toilet or the showers because both of
these places represent a jungle where
one’s life can be callously snatched.

Jeppe hostel is the worst in town.
Some men are so demoralised that they
seem to have no ambition in life — even the
ambition of life itself. “Macks” as they
are called are hostel-dwellers who have
been in town areas for a long time. Some,
due to over-drinking have become sha-
dows of their former selves; some have
been dehumanised and diseased by devot-
ing their time to the “ingogos’”’. But all
agree that they are not a threat to any-
one.

The main causes of friction in hostels
apart from Zulu faction fightings,
emanate from false consciousnesses.
People in KwaZulu are taught they are
the chosen people, so are people in Gaza-
nkulu and other homelands. These false
consciousnesses are preached as “‘self-
determinations”. This inhibits co-
existence because a Zulu, for example,
who was told he is special in his tribal
Bantustan cannot swallow his pride when
living amongst Pedis and others all of
whom have been indoctrinated like him.
Thus tribal pride prevents friendship
amongst people living in the same hostel.

The hostel people are often not happy.
“We have spent two days without water
and have to eke out water from the
toilet,” said one. “Is it not unhygienic
according to Arrie Paulus or whoever is
ruling us? Are we happy that when our
relatives visit us here they are arrested?
Some stoves have not been working 5
days and you have to wait for three hours
for your chance to cook. There is nothing
good here. . . no recreational facilities, no
place to study. . No compassion.”

And yet hostel dwellers believe that
hostel life is more convenient for them
economically than living in a Mr Zondi’s
house in Soweto. Most of them had lived
with relatives only to find that only in
the hostels can they spend as little as they
can and in the process be able to save
something for the people they left behind
in the tribal lands, e



help it overcome certain temporary problems. He therefore urged Nigerians
to continue to preserve that reputation.

Going to the second point in his remarks, President Kountche made the
following observation: the crisis the OAU [Organization of African Unity]
is currently going through threatens peace in Africa and especially the
stability of the small countries.

After noting Niger's efforts to safeguard that organization, President
Kountche urged the citizens to be more vigilant than ever before, because
if the OAU--which is a source of protection for African countries--were to
break up, the door would be open for all kinds of meddling.

With regard to the third point, dealing with the government's recent decisions
about the Nigerian education system, the president of the CMS first of all
said that it was time to put the recommendations of the Zinder debate into
action.

To do that, he said, it is first of all necessary to make new efforts in
planning and programming for cadres, for a national administration needs
to know what its cadre requirements are. This planning must be based on
the needs expressed.

President Kountche stressed that it is the responsibility of the state to
give instruction to the children and to provide them work in fields where
the state determines there is a need. For example, he said that if Niger
expects to get 4,000 new graduates, and the state only needs 3,000, the
other 1,000 should be able to get work in another sector such as agriculture,
stock-raising, small business, etc.

With regard to the closing of the boarding schools, the head of state said
that the government has no intention of shirking its responsibilities.

The government's concern is to put Niger's educational system in a real-world
context, to make it possible for the students to experience the nation's
realities, while giving parents the chance to watch over and follow the
progress their children are making.

9516
csO: 4719/1279

38