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JPRS 84837

28 November 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2876

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JPRS 84837

28 November 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2876

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

CHAD

CONGO

Ambassador to Paris Comments on Foreign Relations Issues

(Luis de Almeida Interview; TEMPO, 13 Oct 83) 1

UNITA's Increasing Success, Soviet Activities in Region Viewed

(Peter Nallas ; 0 DIABO, 28 Oct 83) ' 5

Lax Shipping Procedures Seen Damaging the Economy

(Bario Afonso; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 21 Oct 83) 8

Effects of Drought in Mbamba District

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 18 Oct 83) 10

Cabinet Decides To Circulate New Passport

(INFO TCHAD, 14, 24 Oct 83) 12

New Passport Approved

Increased Fees Imposed

Czechoslovak Trade Agreement Signed

(BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L

1 ACI, 7 Oct 83) 14

Ganga-Zandzou Says ACP Cooperation Insufficient

(MWETI, 11 Oct 83) 15

Falling Oil Revenue Prompts Economic Crisis

(Jean-Eudes Barbier; AFP, 15 Nov 83) 17

-a - [III - NE & A - 120]
Fire Causes Serious Socioeconomic Setbacks

(Editorial; ETUMBA, No 716, 1 Oct 83) 19

Briefs

CHACONA Constructs New Ship 21

DJIBOUTI

Briefs

Arabic, French Official Languages 22

GUINEA-BISSAU

Report by PAIGC Secretary General to Central Committee

(NO PINTCHA, various dates) 23

KENYA

President Vows Not To Retain Incompetent Leaders

(THE NATION, 21 Oct 83) 53

President Announces Release of Mutunga, Otieno

(THE KENYA TIMES, 21 Oct 83) 57

Release From Detention, by Mitch Odero, Enos

Nyagah

Scores Amnesty International, by Charles Kulundu,

Wachira Muchaki

Judicial Inquiry Into Charges Against Njonjo To Begin

(DAILY NATION, 24, 28 Oct 83) 60

Ex-Minister Will Receive Summons, by Gideon Mulaki

Proceedings Start, by Gichuru Njihia

Maximum Lending Rates To Drop by One Percent

(Mwaniki M'Thaiya; THE STANDARD, 28 Oct 83) 64

Mwangale Sees Hold for Better Cooperation With Tanzania

(Wachira Muchoki; THE KENYA TIMES, 20 Oct 83) 65

Moi's Arrival in Saudi Arabia Reported

(THE KENYA TIMES, 24 Oct 83) 66

Nation Tries To Climb Out of Red

(RAND DAILY MAIL- 1 Nov 83) 67

LESOTHO

Briefs

Japanese Grant Agreement 68

Bread Ban Defended 68

- b -
MALI

Details of Four Projects With Canada Given

(Alassane Niakate; L'ESSOR, 2 Oct 83) 69

Technical, Scientific Cooperation With France

(L'ESSOR, 2 Oct 83) 72

MOZAMBIQUE

Former Prisoner of RNM Recounts Captivity

(NOTICIAS, 14 Oct 83; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE,

14 Oct 83) . 74

Zimbabwe Trains Stopped by Bandits, by Mario Ferro

South Africa Supports Bandits, by Artur Ricardo

Government Seeks Return of Three Stolen Aircraft

(Maputo in English, 6 Nov 83) 78

Work on Chipembe Dam Continues

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 10 Oct 83) . 79

Goals of National Railroad School Described

(Pedro Joel; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 11 Oct 83). 82

Briefs

Fishing Enterprise 84

NAMIBIA

Nationalist Party Minority Power Trend Criticized

(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 5 Oct ,83) 85

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

More Portuguese Cooperation Sought

(0 JORNAL, 28 Oct 83) .. 87

SENEGAL

Abdou Diouf Accused of Dodging National Solidarity Issue

(Less Coura; LE POLITICIEN, No 91, Sep 83) 90

Muslim Fundamentalists Reportedly Seek Upheaval of Society

(LE POLITICIEN, No 92, 25 Oct 83)....... 92

Briefs

Spanish Wheat Donation 94

- c -
SOUTH AFRICA

Comment on U.S. Change of Views on Zimbabwe Government

(Editorial; BEELD, 17 Oct 83) 95

U.S. Ambassador Lauded, Appraised Simultaneously

(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 17 Oct 83) 96

Colored Leader Discusses Constitution, Politics

(Jac Rabie Interview; DIE VEDERLAND, 17 Oct 83) 98

Coloreds Bridge To Total Integration, HNP Warns

(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 12 Oct 83) 101

Labor Boycott Considered an Exercise in Futility

(Erich Leistner; DIE TRANSVALER, 17 Oct 83) 103

Private Sector Urged To Promote Economic Ties With Rest of

Africa

(Arnold van Huyssteen; SAKE RAPPORT, 16 Oct 83) 105

SWAZILAND

Food Crisis Due to Inadequate Distribution

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 7, 20 Oct 83) 108

Storage Space Shortage

Remedy Plans

DPM Thanks China for Maize Shipments

(Vusie Gamedze; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 12 Oct 83) Ill

Drought Conditions Remain Criticial for Irrigators

(G. H. M. Clark; THE TIMES OF.SWAZILAND,

25 Oct 83) 112

Government Withdraws Water Privileges

(Mandla Magagula; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 20 Oct 83) 113

Water Restrictions Imposed in Mbabane, Manzini

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 7 Oct 83) 115

EEC, British Drought Aid Reported

(Mandla Magagula; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 14 Oct 83) H7

Drought Threatens Sugar Industry

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 6 Oct 83) 119

Power Play at Polls Described

(Tonie Sakaike; DAILY DISPATCH, 27 Oct 83) 121

- d
Kangwane Rally Calls for Border Readjustment

(Mashumi Twala; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 11 Oct 83) 123

Reported Civil Service Reshuffle Denied

(THE CITIZEN, 2 Nov 83) 125

Foreign Investment for Industrial Development Sought

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 19, 21 Oct 83).. 126

Wooing Investors, by Mandla Magagula

Private Enterprise

Union Warns Employers Threatening Members

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 20 Oct 83) 128

Briefs

Hotel Industry Boom 130

Public Workers Fired 130

Plans for New Casino 130

Business Associated Companies 131

Detainees Reported 131

TANZANIA

Briefs '

Angolan Envoy on Independence Anniversary 132

ZAIRE

Mobutu Praises France for Backing Legitimate Government

of Chad

(ELIMA, 4 Oct 83) 133

Articles Outline Development of Cooperation With Belgium

(Mputu-Toko Dingani; ELIMA, 18-19 Oct 83) 137

Technical, Professional Training Stressed

Increased Budget for Agriculture

Belgian Cooperation With Zaire Increased

(ELIMA, 9-11 Oct 83) 141

New Spirit in Belgian Cooperation

Mixed Commission Meets

Briefs

Romanian Oil Exploitation Cooperation 146

e -
ZAMBIA

Briefs

Government, Unions Agree To Wage Ceiling 147

ZIMBABWE

Radio Truth on Minority Party Activities

(Radio Truth, 14 Nov 83) . 148

Mugabe Claims ZAPU Has New Strategy To Cause Disorder

(THE HERALD, 31 Oct 83) 150

Mugabe Says Government, Churches Must Go Into Partnership

(THE HERALD, 20 Oct 83) .. 151

Minister Asks Chiefs to Report Dissidents to Authorities

(THE HERALD, 31 Oct 83) 153

More Than One Hundred Thousand Zimbabweans in Zambia Seek To

Go Home

(THE HERALD, 17, 18 Oct 83) 155

Results of Survey

Light at End of Tunnel, Editorial

Mozambicans Reportedly Moving Across Border Because of

Drought

(THE HERALD, 15 Oct 83) 158

Mozambique Ports' Restoration 'Of Vital Strategic Importance'

(Editorial; THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 21 Oct 83) 159

Senator Raps Government's Private Industry Policy

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 21 Oct 83) 160

Muzenda Says Private Sector Must Decentralize Industries

(THE HERALD, 29 Oct 83) 163

Muzenda Notes Objectives of Socialist Education

(THE HERALD, 21 Oct 83) 164

Small Encyclopedia on Nation Published

(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 30 Oct 83) 166

National Delegation-Romanian Chamber of Commerce Sign

Agreement

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Oct 83) 167

- f -
'Ulfair' Price Controls May Impair Plant's Viability

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Oct 83) 168

Growth Points Plan 'Good'

(Editorial; THE HERALD, 31 Oct 83) . 169

Wheat Reserves Reportedly Low, Rain Damage'iHnes timated

(THE HERALD, 19 Oct 83) 171

Government's Use of Lake Water 'Serious' for Bulawayo Supplies

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Oct 83) 172

Cattle Farmers Throughout Manicaland Riled by Abattoir's

Closure

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Oct 83) 173

Major Japanese Trading Firm Signs Contract for Ferrochrome

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Oct 83) 175

Tobacco Season 'Turns Out Better Than Anyone Dared Hope'

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 21 Oct 83) .. ; 176

Experiments on Ethanol Using Cars May Reduce Foreign Currency

Drain

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 14 Oct 83) 177

Major Wire Producer Facing Survival Threat From South Africa

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 21 Oct 83) 178

Briefs

Economy 'On Upturn' 179

Nation's Borrowing Policies Praised 179

UNFPA Donation 179

Ombudsman Expalins Detention Review Delays 180

TINTO Industries Wins Contract 180

g ~
ANGOLA

AMBASSADOR TO PARIS COMMENTS ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ISSUES

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 13 Oct 83 pp 24-25

[Text of interview with Luis de Almeida, Angolan ambassador to France, by TEMPO

special correspondent Horacio Piriquito, in London on 6 October 1983]

[Text] London (TEMPOS"Peace in Angola will by no means come

about through UNITA; peace in my country will come about with the

solution of the Namibian problem," Luis de Almeida, Angolan

ambassador in Paris, told our newspaper in an exclusive interview for Portugal, [?following] a press conference last Thursday

in Lisbon.

Luis de Almeida is a prominent name in relations between Western

Europe and the African continent. Angola's ambassador to Paris,

he is the Angolan Government's "strategist" for the political initiatives of our former colony on the Old Continent. "The

umbilical cord between Portugal and Angola was severed when we

became independent," he declared with conviction, and then

unexpectedly asked» "Who is ahead in the national championship

soccer games in Portugal?" It is a fellowship hundreds of years

old, which no one can manage to forget.

TEMPOt Mr Ambassador, what do you think of the possibility of creating an association to reestablish relations between Portugal and the Portuguese-speaking countries?

Almeidai It is up to the Portuguese to define what they feel is needed to reactivate relations between our countries. We all have a common past; this should never

be forgotten or minimized, so anything that will permit an improvement in our

relations will be received by us with the greatest good will and interest.

TEMPO» You are unconditionally in favor of this association?

Almeida» I think that at this time it is for my fellow ambassador in Lisbon to

respond, because nothing has been defined yet. I know that in France, for example,

a movement is being designed to develop relations between that country and the

French-speaking countries on the African continent. Anything that would serve to

further relations between our two peoples would be well received by us.

TEMPO» President Samora Machel has just visited Portugal. Previously Portugal

welcomed the president of Cape Verde and is soon expecting a visit from Cdr Nino

Vieira, of Guinea-Bissau. When will President Jose Eduardo dos Santos pay a

visit?
Almeida» I cannot make any statement on this; only my colleague in Lisbon

could say something about it. I am ambassador in Paris and these are matters

that do not directly concern me. However, I know that Preident dos Santos has

already been invited to visit Portugal and I think the invitation has been

accepted.

TEMPO» When would the visit take place, then?

Almeida» It is up to the competent organs to arrange the visit.

TEMPO« In your understanding, what is your president's position on possible

sensitive relations within the MPLA apparatus itself?

Almeida» In answering this question, I could also ask you what position Dr Mario

Soares takes regarding any frictions in the Portuguese Government.

TEMPO» I beg your pardon, Mr Ambassador, but I am the interviewer here. I repeat,

what is your opinion and that of President Jose Eduardo dos Santos regarding

possible tension in the MPLA?

Almeida» We Angolans have a clearly defined policy which the government implements. There are no deviations. Reports often appear in TEMPO announcing political

disagreements in Angola, disagreements in the Angolan Government apparatus and

in the party, but I tell you that this is simply an invention of the press.

TEMPO» Most observers are forced to recognize that peace in Angola will come

about through UNITA. Why has the MPLA steadfastly refused to hold any discussion

with Jonas Savimbi?

Almeida» Peace in Angola will not come about through UNITA. Peace in Angola

will come about through a solution to the Namibian problem. UNITA is simply the

spearhead of South Africa. On the day Namibia becomes independent, whether TEMPO

believes it or not, UNITA will cease to exist as a terrorist movement. I hope

that TEMPO will print this in its entirety.

MEMPOt Mr Ambassador, at this time how do you view the changes taking place in

the West toward the African continent, particualrly southern Africa?

Almeida» There are ties de facto between Europe and Africa because of the colonization that went on for years and years, and these ties are not easily broken.

TEMPO»Don*t the European countries have a certain self-interest in what Africa

could offer them?

Almeida» This is true, but these relations must not be of a self-serving or egoistical nature. When one speaks of Africa, one must not think only in terms of

raw materials; Africa is not a European continent, as certain sectors would give

to understand. With independence, we cut the umbilical cord that linked Africa

to Europe.

TEMPO» In a period of world-wide economic recession, it seems to me that this

word "interest" is absolutely relevant. How would you comment?

Almeida» There are, in fact, countries which want to preserve this umbilical

cord, to obtain raw materials cheaply.

TEMPO» And how can the African countries resist this situation?

Almeida» By organizing among themselves and asserting their independence.

TEMPO» African specialists estimate that over 10 million Angolans are living

outside the country and that about 70 percent of them are skilled cadres. How do

you view this situation?
Almeida: How is that? Are you saying that there are 700,000 cadres abroad?

TEMPO» According to statistics I have seen, this is the case.

Almeida» It is not true that there are 700,000 cadres outside the country.

TEMPO» How many, then?

Almeida» The problem has never concerned me. There are in fact Angolans who

leave the country, but we cannot do anything about them.

TEMPOj On the other hand, thousands of cooperants, who are paid their weight in

gold, continue to flood the Angolan labor market.

Almeida» With regard to the Portuguese cooperants, this is certainly good for

Portugal because it represents a source of foreign exchange.

TEMPO» But it is bad for Angola and this is the issue....

Almeida» We are making efforts so that the Angolan cadres who left the country

can gradually return.

TEMPO» The heart of the matter is the educational policy.

Almeida» If, in fact, we have made great progress anywhere, it has been precisely

in the field of education. At the time of independence, there were about 400,000

children in our schools and now we have 2.5 million, all receiving a free education.

We are going to eliminate illiteracy in our country in the next decade.

TEMPO» And higher education?

Almeida» As you know, we have a team in the Ministry of Education which recently

was in Portugal to discuss teaching contracts and cooperation in various branches

of advanced science.

TEMPO» A basic question» At this time, what economic projects are under study

or in progress and what countries are financing them?

Almeida» There are many. We have concentrated our attention on investments in

the areas of petroleum, agriculture and mining. You know that we have considerable

cooperation with France. For example, Renault assembles trucks and Renault-Vs

in Angola. There is also a major development in the railroad sector, in transportation in general, and in fishing.

TEMPO» And who is financing the major undertakings?

Almeida» The banks have a certain amount of confidence in us, and we obtain

credit easily.

TEMPO» And what countries have supported you?

Almeida» Portugal, France, the United States, England and several international

banking consortia. I must say that the sums granted to Angola amount to billions

of dollars. We even have an irrigation project in the Bengo Region in which not

only Portuguese but also French and U.S. investors have an interest. I read in a

publication that the driving force of this undertaking is the Portuguese businessman Bernardo Guedes da Silva.

TEMPO» Speaking of Bernardo da Silva, what did you think of the press conference

he held in Lisbon on 20 September?

Almeida« I did not hear much about this conference. I did hear the Portuguese

radio, commercial radio, one night when I could not get to sleep, when they said

that Guedes da Silva advocated a change in Portuguese policy in foreign relations

matters; that is, instead of turning to Europe, it should be directed more

3
toward the Portuguese-speaking countries, because, from what he saw, Portugal

did not have much to offer Europe but had a great deal to offer to Africa and

could receive a great deal from Africa in return.

TEMPOt Mr Ambassador, what do you think of this "individualistic" way of making

policy?

Almeidat 1 am a diplomat and I do not have the right to judge the positions of

other individuals.

TEMPO» Even if these positions have to do with your country?

Almeidai Sr Bernardo Guedes da Silva is an adult and he knows what he wants.

His political behavior is his own business. He is one of the friends of the

Portuguese-speaking countries; he has fought for closer relations between Portugal

and these countries. This in itself is positive.

TEMPOi Do you have any comment to make on the presence of 600,000 Zairians in

Luanda, knowing that they are creating some disruption for public administration?

Almeidat Are there 600,000 Zairians in Luanda? There are, in fact, Zairians in

Luanda, but I don't know that there are that many. Besides, the problem should

not be put in these terms.

TEMPO« The fact is that the Zairians have been creating problems. What steps

could the Angolan Government take?

Almeidai The problem will be solved in the best way, but I cannot tell you

anything more.

6362

CSOJ 3442/32
ANGOLA

UNITA'S INCREASING SUCCESS, SOVIET ACTIVITIES IN REGION VIEWED

Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 28 Oct 83 p 23

[Commentary by Peter Nallas]

("Text! The economic, military and political situation in the territories which

the 25 April revolution turned over to minority Marxist parties is worsening considerably, as a result of the success of movements combating the regimes in Luanda

and Maputo and the evident inability of those regimes to solve the severe and

mounting problems.

Impartial observers who have watched the development of events in Angola and

Mozambique are well aware of the inaccuracy of the optimistic accounts circulated

in Lisbon by some news media, obviously "recruited" by the African Marxist

propaganda Machine.

with regard to Angola, UNITA and the FNLA are tightening their pincers around

Luanda, where tension is mounting because the population itself has already

perceived that the "nomenklatura" in power has been systematically downplaying

?he severity of the situation. The influx of the MPLA secret police in Lisbon--

where they are easily recognized by those who knew them as collaborators of the

DISA [Security and Intelligence Directorate], which was abolished and replaced

with another repressive secret police-reflects a stricter -

1

" « £«f

Aneolans who come here, most of them in the expectation of a'miracle that of

not having to return to Angola, thus escaping the inevitable «^f^JSlt

?he guerrilla movements are prepared to inflict on a political party, a Marxist

part?, which robbed their land, segregated them and savagely fought against them,

m international circles, there is amazement at the way this terrible secret

Nolans Sther these police watch, intimidate and report every movement, not

several arrests have been made in Lisbon, with no justification whatever.

Foreseeable Exodus

It is known that the advance of the UKITA guerrillas is proceeding apace Reports

fro. other points in Angola such as the city - "S^^^LS'.fSr '

which the MPLA is suffering there. People do not travel oy i<u.u

ambushes and attacks, and even air connections are very difficult to make.
Planes have adopted special procedures, landing and taking off at very sharp

angles (almost vertically), to take advantage of the limited protection of the

restricted areas. Outside these areas they run the risk of encountering antiaircraft artillery and of being shot down, as has already happened to planes and

helicopters.

All this leads observers to see a possibility—of great concern to the Portugueseof a mass exodus by the Angolans to the only "rearguard" left to them» the former

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i

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repudiated, opting-voluntarily or not~to serve

the MPLA. And how will the Portuguese—who are already battling an increasingly

acute crisis, a housing shortage and a skyrocketing cost of living—react to

an unexpected invasion whose tragic consequences even the most humanitarian

arguments cannot mitigate?

The so-called "returnees" say, and with good reason, that 'taany of these people

have persecuted and robbed us, looted our homes, killed members of our families.

How can we allow tham in our country?"

It is also known that the United States is watching the situation very attentively.

It may already have reached the conclusion, based on well-founded analyses of the

Angolan crisis, that the Portuguese are irreplaceable there and are needed to

repair the severe damage caused by a thoughtless and criminal decolonization.

The limited number of "cooperants" will never be able to fill the gaps created

when the territory was handed over to the MPLA. It is already evident that the

United States believes the UNITA will win, and is hastening to examine the possibility that the nationalist movement will carry out the project which has always

been its avowed intenti a mass return of the Portuguese whom the "decolonization"

drove away.

How will the Russians react to this change in a "game" which has such an effect

on its strategy? It is said in certain Western military circles, usually wellinformed, that since the Namibian issue is of vital importance to Soviet expansionism (the Russians continue to see the Republic of South Africa as the last

and powerful bastion against their aggressive designs), the Soviets would be

willing to withdraw the Cubans from Angola in exchange for a Namibian solution

to their advantage. Thus, a high-ranking Portuguese officer would be placed in

that territory as UN high commissioner, an officer who would not be hostile to the

Soviets (we are even hearing the name of a controversial military authority in

the Portuguese Armed Forces), while the USSR, employing its usual strategy of

"one step back, two steps forward," would "withdraw" to Sao Tome e Principe,

where, according to reports, a contingent of 3,000 Cuban soldiers has already

landed to reinforce another contingent of 1,500, plus 88 FAPLA (Angolan Armed

Forces) soldiers—an extremely large contingent when one considers that the

military forces of the archipelago total only some 400 men.

The same circles report that Russia may be preparing to establish a submarine

base in Sao Tome which would assure continued control of the Atlantic, a strategic

and vital route in the defense of the West.

The violent explosion which rocked the Continental Hotel in Luanda a few days

ago was ingenuously explained by the authorities as the result of a simple short

circuit, but anyone who saw the shattered windows of the building and witnessed

the ensuing fire, which was extinguished with great difficulty, does not believe
the story, and expects that a string of explosions will now be heard, heralding

the end of an oppressive regime which, in an evil hour, received the "green

light" from the same Portuguese officers who simultaneously turned on the

"red light" in the rearguard of their own country. But few people understood

that it was an early warning of the crisis which we all know is knocking on

our door.

6362

CSO» 3442/32
ANGOLA

LAX SHIPPING PROCEDURES SEEN DAMAGING THE ECONOMY

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 21 Oct 83 p 3

[_Article by Bario Afonso (ANGOP)i "Leasing of Old Ships Seen Damaging to Economy"]]

[.Text] The dishonesty of certain ship owners and the negligence

of some Angolan import firms are behind the severe damage to the

nation's economy from the maritime transportation of imported merchandise, declare experts connected with the Angolan merchant navy.

In fact, ENSA (Angolan National Insurance Company) recorded losses

amounting to about 432 million kwanzas (over $14 million) from

1978 to 1983 in maritime shipping alone, according to Aleixo

Augusto, general director of the ENSA.

This financial tragedy was primarily the result of chartering old ships which

sail under flags of convenience—with allegedly low freight rates, spillage,

theft, breakage and poor cargo handling, as well as poor accounting systems at

the nation's ports, which made it impossible to recover about 152 million

kwanzas from the shipping companies for losses of imported merchandise.

The leasing of old ships involves another vexing problem. As a young company,

in only 5 years ENSA has already registered 10 cases of major damage to ships

carrying cargo insured by ENSA, at a cost of 535 million kwanzas (or about

S17 million), which has caused some annoyance among its reinsuring companies.

ENSA has been penalized with a reduction in its annual commission.

Dishonest ship owners have declared damages of this type of voyages with astonishing frequency, in order to rid themselves of ships that are decrepit or a commercial failure. The goods reach their destination behind schedule, spoiled or incomplete; there is also abusive consumption of foodstuffs by the crew of the

transporting ship.

Thus, understandably, the shock is often felt in the nation's industry, which is

obliged to slow down production because of the delayed arrival of essential raw

materials, and some factories are even forced to shut down.

It is also undeniable that the country suffers huge losses when merchandise is

left to deteriorate for indeterminate periods at the nation's ports, while domestic importers are constantly filing claims with ENSA.

However, to speak about maritime shipping means "a priori" to wander through a maze

of modern piracy, which involves everything from purchase and sales contracts and

ship charters to the self-interest of certain ship owners who seek to make a

fabulous profit in a single operation, generally to the detriment of the so-called

Third World countries, the victims of every kind of injustice and swindle.

8
For the People's Republic of Angola, this process constitutes a "monster with

seven heads," none of which has yet been destroyedi the leasing of old ships

sailing under flags of convenience, with allegedly low freight charges, the dubious

honesty of the ship owners, the lack of control and accounting mechanisms and,

naturally, the negligence of domestic importers.

Analyzing the movement of the cargoes, it can be concluded that ENSA is more than

justified in complaining about this negligence by some of its Angolan clients,

specifically the import firms.

Of the 511 ships chartered from June 1978 to date to transport goods ordered by

Angolan importers (notably IMPORTANG [Angolan State Import Company]), only 144

were less than 10 years old.

Some 82 were 10 to 15 years old; 86 were from 15 to 20 years old; 110 were from

20 to 25 years old; 73 were from 25 to 30 years old; and 16 were over 30 years old.

This has meant a dizzying rise of 116 percent in the rate of damage this year, as

against 8.8 percent in 1978, despite the fact that in 1982 the Angolan Government

reduced imports.

Other statistics indicate that 202 of the chartered ships were registered in countries of

convenience, specifically Greece, Liberia, Panama and Cyprus. Some of them belonged

to ship owners of doubtful reputation, constant violators of international conventions on maritime transport, indifferent to the problems of underdeveloped

countries in the transportation area.

By a curious coincidence, one cannot help but notice that the ships which have

declared major damages were registered precisely to these ship owners, which in

itself indicates a shady relationship.

For example, ENSA suspects that the fire which broke out this year aboard the

"Blue Sea I," flying a Panamanian flag, which was transporting $450,000 worth of

special flour for baking, was a fraud perpetrated by the ship's owner because he

was going bankrupt, to the point of being $225,000 in arrears in wages to the

crew. It is also suspicious, because at the time of the fire the ship was not

navigable, since it had been heading to Las Palmas for repairs, with merchandise

aboard destined for Angolan ports.

The ENSA general director has recommended some measures that could immediately

curb the loss rate, such ast

"Ships leased for a determined period (time charter) may not be registered in

countries of convenience.

"Prior and careful examination should be made of the ships, their owners and

operators, if they are registered in countries of convenience.

"Duly classified and registered ships should be chartered.

"There should be no farther contracts with ship owners and operators who have

previously been involved in cases of gross damage to cargo insured by ENSA.

"Angolan importers should demand that their suppliers lease ships under 15 years

of age, always bearing in mind the type of goods to be shipped, and establish the

contracts and freight costs accordingly.

"The insured should know in advance the name of the ship and the ship owner, so

that a prior investigation may be conducted."

6362

CSOt 3442/32
ANGOLA

EFFECTS OF DROUGHT IN MOAMBA DISTRICT

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 18 Oct 83 p 1

[Text] The entire 1982/1983 agricultural campaign in Moamba District is lost.

The rivers that once supplied water to irrigate the fields and for public consumption have dried up. The herd continues to die off, and what little vegetation resisted the heat is now exhausted. This is the drama of the drought which

is devastating our country and which imperils the lives of hundreds of people in

Moamba District. In an effort to prevent the loss of human life, corn is currently being distributed to the neediest families.

The alert regarding the situation in the zone was sounded last Sunday by

Alexandre Maneu Tovela, Moamba district director for support and control, who

gave a status report on the drought to representatives of the FAO and the World

Food Program and to the Department for Prevention and Control of Natural Disasters.

In his report, Tovela said that the dramatic effects of the drought in the district could only be reversed by rain, and that until the rains came it would be

necessary to continue food assistance to these people.

In fact, since last April, the state, cooperative and family farms have not produced a single ear of corn, or any green vegetables or enough potatoes.

Help From Others

As soon as it found out about the poverty, hunger and malnutri tion, the World

Fodd Program, through the Department for Prevention and Control of Natural Disasters, channeled about 3,800 tons of corn to that district to help the families

most affected by the drought.

Since then, Moamba District has been distributing 9 kgs of corn per month per

person. This distribution, which began last April, could be continued in the

coming months if the people's crops continue to be ruined by the drought.

Tovela said that the emergency aid granted to Moamba District by the World Food

Program through the Department for Prevention and Control of Natural Disasters

will alleviate the hunger which is spreading throughout the district.

Visitors Evaluate Drought Situation

To evaluate the dramatic situation provoked by the drought in Moamba District,

the representatives of the World Food Program and the FAO, along with personnel

from the Department for Prevention and Control of Natural Disasters, went last

10
victS t0 MOamba District'

where corn is being distributed to the drought

On that occasion, they also visited the Incomati River bed, where they could

observe the critical state of the river.

In view of the situation, the FAO representative announced that a program is

under study to provide about 600 tons of seed corn in aid to Moamba and Magude

districts. 6 e

6362

CSOt 3442/32

11
CHAD

CABINET DECIDES TO CIRCULATE NEW PASSPORT

New Passport Approved

Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 14 Oct 83 p 1

[Excerpt] A new passport will be put into circulation. This decision

was taken by the cabinet in order to limit certain fraudulent practices.

"The ordinary cabinet met today, 13 October 1983, under the chairmanship

of Comrade Hissein Habre, president of the republic, chief of state, prime

minister. On the one hand, the cabinet examined a proposal to put the new

Chadian passport into circulation and, on the other, followed the report of

the chief of state's trip to France. In his presentation note on the first

item, the minister of the interior and security stressed the practices

harmful to Chad's image caused by the disorganized issue of passports. Thus,

the minister recalled, Chadian passports were, in practice, the object of

scandalous traffic. Taking the floor, the president of the republic for

his part stressed the features of the passport, which is a document of

sovereignty that should be issued by the authorities in a discretionary

manner. The current mentality considering the passport a proof of identity

was strongly condemned. After having materially examined the new passports,

the cabinet decided:

—first, to set 1 January 1984 as the deadline for the renewal of passports

now in circulation, and new passports will be issued starting 15 October

1983;

—secondly, until further notice, Ndjamena was accepted as the only center

for the issue of passports, Chadians living abroad thus having to send

their request for a new passport to the sole center in Ndjamena through our

diplomatic representation. Thirdly, as part of the general rate revision

of the various taxes collected on behalf of the state, the rates for

issuing as well as extending passports have been increased."

Increased Fees Imposed

Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 24 Oct 83 p 4

[Excerpt] Circulation of the new passport, envisaged for 15 October, took

place only on 19 October. This time lag is very likely due to the discussions

concerning the fees for this passport. As we were informed by the cabinet,

12
these have been greatly increased. Therefore, a passport costs 20,000

CFA francs today, and its extension will come to 13,000 CFA francs. With

these high rates, national education grant holders might be able to

obtain their passports free of charge. As explained to us by Commissioner

Moussa Sultan, restructive measures will be applied to the issue of the

new passport, in order to thwart the fraudulent traffic that has been going

on in Chadian passports. He cites an eloquent example. The former passport,

which cost 8,000 CFA francs, is being sold in Jidda, Saudi Arabia for 30,000

CFA francs. Thus, Yemenites, Libyans and other Africans are in possession

of our passports. Hence forth, these passports will be issued by the

minister of the interior, thus removing any irregularity at the level of

our foreign representation.

These new measures will also put an end to certain immigration service

deficiencies. Many of those who have asked for passports have paid the

stipulated costs without being satisfied or reimbursed. To limit these

abuses, any application for issue or extension of a passport is now to be

filed with the immigration service at no cost. The petitioners will only

provide their birth certificates and four photos. The files will be sent

to the various security archives for the statutory verification, and only

those applicants whose files have been approved will be subjected to the

payment of the required costs. A one-week time limit will be set as the

filing deadline, except in certain cases recommended by the national

security director. Everything is clearly set up to improve the immigrationemigration service (ATP).

9434

CSO: 3419/102

13
CONGO

CZECHOSLOVAK TRADE AGREEMENT SIGNED

Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French 7 Oct 83 p 2

[Text] The Peoples Republic of Congo and the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia signed a commercial agreement yesterday morning at the Ministry of

Cooperation in order to expand and intensify trade between the two countries.

The agreement provides for the Peoples Republic of Congo to export nonferrous

metallic ores and concentrates—including lead, zinc, tin and copper—to the

Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia. It will also export lumber, veneer wood

and firewood.

Other Congolese exports to Czechoslovakia will include rawhides, rubber ^

tobaccos, groundnuts, palmettos, palm oil, oilcake, cocoa, bananas, folklorxc

crafts, limestone, bottles and printed fabric.

The Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia will export to the Peoples Republic

of Congo various drive-chains for automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, tractors

and agricultural and industrial machines, battery boxes, hardware, household

electric appliances, dishware, sanitary facilities, machine tools, road rollers

and electrical installation equipment, etc...

The accord stipulates that each of the two countries may participate in the

fairs and other expositions organized in the other country and will provide all

facilities needed for the setting up of these fairs and expositions.

The ships of each of the contracting parties will receive, on each other's

territory, favorable treatment in accordance with applicable legislative provisions for foreign vessels with respect to navigation, use of port facilities,

ship provisioning, and treatment of crew, including the captain.

The present accord will be in force for a period of 5 years and [thereafter]

will be considered automatically renewed from year to year, unless and until

it is denounced in writing by one of the contracting parties at least 3 months

prior to the expiration of the current period of validity. Denunciation ot

the agreement will not affect the validity or execution of contracts already

concluded, nor the completion of projects underway in the context of the present

accord.

This accord nullifies and replaces the trade agreement signed by the Peoples

Republic of Congo and the Socialist Republic of Czechoslovakia at Brazzaville

on 28 July 1964.

9516

CSO: 3419/96 14
CONGO

GANGA-ZANDZOU SAYS ACP COOPERATION INSUFFICIENT

Brazzaville MWETI in French 11 Oct 83 p 1

[Text] Comrade Jean Ganga-Zandzou, member of the Political Bureau of the PCT

[Congolese Labor Party], president of the Peoples National Assembly, returned

to Brazzaville Saturday after an official visit to Mongolia. Before arriving

in Ulan Bator, the president of the Assembly took part in the deliberations of

the ACP-EEC [African-Caribbean-Pacific/European Economic Community] consultative assembly held in West Berlin from 21-23 September 1983, at the conclusion

of which he was elected to a renewable 1-year term as head of the AfricanCaribbean-Pacific countries group.

In a report Sunday to the national press corps, Comrade Ganga-Zandzou announced that a cooperation agreement was signed in Mongolia between the PCT and

the Mongolian Revolutionary Peoples Party.

"My visit to Mongolia was very fruitful," he said, speaking about his trip to

Mongolia, which he described as "a country which is being built in the spirit

of true socialism, with the help of friendly countries, especially the USSR."

Before arriving in the Mongolian capital, the Congolese parliamentary delegation stopped in Moscow, where it paid a courtesy call on the presidium of the

Supreme Soviet.

Before that, it had taken part in the work of the ACP-EEC consultative assembly

in West Berlin (FRG).

Still Insufficient

The work of the assembly was focused on problems found throughout the world

and in particular in the ACP countries. Among these are hunger, socioeconomic

development, emigres, etc...

In reality, despite the agreements the assembly has produced, economic conditions in the ACP countries have deteriorated more than those in the rest of

the Third World. The outgoing president of the ACP group, a Ugandan, acknowledged this when he said that "since the 1970's, the gross national product

(GNP) of the ACP countries has grown more slowly than the other developing

countries, and their debts have tripled between 1975 and 1981."

15
Comrade Jean Ganga-Zandzou confided that "up to now the degree of cooperation

between the ACP and EEC countries, though commendable, is not fully satisfactory to the ACP group. There are still many insufficiencies. We would prefer

to see the aid provided by the EEC group harmonize with the needs of the ACP

group.

"These insufficiencies were pointed out at the sessions in Berlin, and the ball

is now in the EEC's court. The results of the Luxembourg meeting will tell us

more."

We note that the next meeting of the ACP group will be held in Brazzaville in

February 1984. With that in mind, Comrade Jean Ganga-Zandzou, president of

the ACP group, intends to "do everything possible to insure that the deliberations result in ringing accomplishments."

9516

CSO: 3419/96

16
CONGO

FALLING OIL REVENUE PROMPTS ECONOMIC CRISIS

AB151530 Paris 4FP in English 1253 GMT 15 Nov 83

[Article by Jean-Eudes Barbier]

[Text] Brazzaville, Nov 15 (AFP)—The Congolese Government is facing economic

crisis as a result of falling oil revenue and increasing debt to pay for

an ambitious five-year development plan.

The years income, from Congos annual oil output of 5.2 million barrels,

initially estimated to reach 510 million dollars this year, will only attain

400 million, thanks to a drop in the oil price from 33 dollars a barrel to

29 dollars. And experts admit that the state cannot handle the number of

projects scheduled for the 1982 five-year plan. Originally budgeted at 2.75

billion dollars, it is now not expected to exceed 1.625 billion. However

80 percent of the contracts for schemes in the plan will have been signed

by the end of this year and four-fifths of these initial payments have already

been made to the firms concerned.

This situation could result in a treasury deficit of tens of millions of

dollars, and the government is expected to have to make severe cuts quite

rapidly, notably in the expensive public works sector. Already several

projects have been slowed down and a number of firms now have empty order

books as the government hesitates to commit itself to further spending in

the months to come.

Furthermore, the proportion of export revenue required to service a foreign

debt estimated at 87.5 million dollars is now approaching the crucial limit

of 30 percent, and Congolese officials will have to manage their finances

very carefully to control their development and limit dependence on outside

sources.

The regime of Denis Sassou-Nguesso, which is officially Marxist-Leninist,

has recently started to tackle the thorny problem of nationalised industries

running at huge losses, and has accepted the principle of turning them into

joint companies with the state holding 51 percent. The government could

also put the brake on a number of major and very expensive projects whose

return is not guaranteed in the medium term. A reliable source said the

343.75 million dollars earmarked in the five-year plan for improving the

17
road network—mainly in the north where only 20 percent of the population

lives—wiH be cut to 225 million.

Meanwhile efforts are continuing to find more oil, which accounts for 90

percent of Congos export revenue and funds 70 percent of the domestic budget.

Experts with the Elf-Congo company are trying to increase the return on the

main field, which has a potential output of 800 million tons, from around

four percent to 15 percent in a 62.5 million dollar operation. The result

of the experiment, using injected steam, will be known in a few months.

If it fails Congo will be brought face to face with the prospect of the oil

running out in ten years, bringing a collapse of its gross national product

(GNP).

At the moment no preparations have been made for this time. Congo is not

self-sufficient in food (agriculture represents only 12 percent of the GNP)

and its exports of wood are derisory. However 60 percent of the country

is covered with forest and the potential is great. Aware of these deficiencies, the regime has started a program of restructuring the agricultural

sector, and intends to regroup some 4,000 villages into several hundred

larger communities.

CSO: 3400/263

18
CONGO

FIRE CAUSES SERIOUS SOCIOECONOMIC SETBACKS

Brazzaville ETUMBA in French No 716, 1 Oct 83 pp 1, 2

[Editorial: "Workers Urged To Be More Vigilant, Aware"]

[Text] The state's productive sector has just deplored a great tragedy. We

are speaking of the major fire that took place at the Loutete State Cementworks (ClDOLOU). The consequences, both economic and social, are disastrous:

prolonged paralysis of any production activity, technical unemployment for the

workers and all the laborers. The national economy will lose valuable income,

and numerous families will be deeply affected.

This disaster will seriously set back the tasks and objectives toward which

ClDOLOU was working. It is a truly deplorable fact, considering the unanimous

commitment of Congolese workers to win the gamble of the Five-Year Plan for

1982-1986.

The socioeconomic implications of the damage sustained by ClDOLOU are a reminder to workers in general that enterprises, factories, barracks, schools, agricultural fields, etc. are hallowed ground. That is where we work, that is

where we earn our daily bread and the bread for our families. That is also

where we make our own contribution to the building of the nation. We must

protect these sites and conduct ourselves in a highly ethical manner on their

precincts. This points up the timeliness and wisdom of the incessant appeals

by the Party, its leadership, and especially its head, Comrade Denis SassouNugesso, for vigilance to avoid setbacks of all kinds.

In reality, it was with good reason that "people's vigilance" was made the

watchword for 1983. In his New Year's message to the nation, the president

of the Central Committee of the PCT [Congolese Labor Party] urged the people

"to make a firm commitment to consolidate the revolution by determined and

systematic work, iron discipline and finally by constant vigilance..."

The president of the Central Committee made the same appeal at Ouesso in July

1982 and then again at Brazzaville at the 1 May meeting at Heros Square.

Who, then, could have forgotten these appeals? And who could have lost sight

of the fact that the 20th anniversary of the Revolution was j>ust recently

celebrated under the slogan of consolidating our progress through hard work

and increased vigilance?

19
We also recall that people's vigilance was among the most prominent themes of

the 13th plenary meeting of the Central Committee, held from 29 August to 3

September 1983.

It is also significant to recall that the theme of vigilance is related to the

watchwords and guidelines concerned with methodical work, discipline, quality

control, and professional conscientiousness.

In other words, vigilance and professional conscientiousness are useful and

indispensable weapons by means of which to avoid disagreeable surprises.

Vigilance and conscientiousness are our best allies in preserving the gains

of the revolution, consolidating them, and making them grow for the greater

benefit of our people. At this time when the fate of the Five-Year Plan is

at stake, we must increase our vigilance and raise our level of awareness in

order to "march in close order and confidently traverse the difficult moments!"

9516

CSO: 3419/96

20
CONGO

BRIEFS

CHACONA CONSTRUCTS NEW SHIP—The naval shipyard (CHACONA) last Wednesday

launched a 180-ton metal-hulled ship, the "Chine Nouvelle." The ship, according to the Chinese agency, is the largest the naval shipyard has ever built.

It will be put in service with the National Trade Office (OFNACOM), which will

use it to transport merchandise to various localities accessible by river in

the northern part of the country. River transport is an important factor

in development of the Congolese economy. With this new ship, the capacity of

the Congolese river fleet is increased, thus contributing to penetrating the

isolation of the back-country. The naval shipyard was built with the help of

the Peoples Republic of China and turned over the the Congolese side in 1970.

Despite problems of various kinds encountered since that time, it has built

12 wood and steel ships. This year the shipyard is being renovated. In the

last 9 months, it has built two tugboats, in addition to the above-mentioned

ship. [Text] [Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French 1 Oct 83

p 2] 9516

CSO: 3419/96

21
DJIBOUTI

BRIEFS

ARABIC, FRENCH OFFICIAL LANGUAGES—A special meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Djibouti was held today at the town of Arcaile, under

the chairmanship of the president of the Republic of Djibouti who is also

chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Djibouti, Haji Hassan

Gouled Aptidon. The only item on the agenda of the Council of Ministers

meeting concerned the Arabic language—which has been included in the subjects

taught in schools in the country—and how the Arabic language has been received by the general public of the Republic of Djibouti. A statement released

after the Council of Ministers meeting states that the ministers reviewed the

report of the Arab language commission set up by the Council of Ministers in

June 1983 to study the quickest way of teaching the Arabic language to all

adult citizens of the republic of Djibouti and how to make the Arabic language

an official language of the country. The statement refers to Djibouti's full

membership in the Arab League and to the process of making the Arabic language

one of the two official languages of the country. In their statement the Council of Ministers stated that the Arabic and French languages will be the official languages of the state. This will enhance the unity of the people of

Djibouti and will create equal job opportunities for all the people of the republic. [Excerpts] [EA102002 Djibouti Domestic Service in Somali 1645 GMT

10 Nov 83]

CSO: 3403/7

22
r

GUINEA-BISSAU

REPORT BY PAIGC SECRETARY GENERAL TO CENTRAL COMMITTEE

Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 8, 12, 15, 19 Oct 83

[8 Oct 83 pp 4-6]

[Text] "If indeed we have not yet reached a situation of

despair, we must nonetheless make it clear that the economic situation we are experiencing is an extremely difficult and delicate one. On the other hand, the position of

a revolutionary is never one of despair, but one of search

for solutions and knowledge as to how to find them, bearing in mind that any solution must be consistent with the

principles of the party and the dignity of our people, and

it must contribute to the safeguarding, whatever the form

may be, even if it requires sacrifice by us, of our national sovereignty and independence." This statement was

made by Maj Gen Joao Bernardo Vieira in the report he submitted at the meeting of the Central Committee held in

Bissau from 28 September to 1 October.

Dear comrades:

Our Central Committee is meeting at a time in which our country is experiencing a certain number of difficulties of an economic and financial nature;

when the rise of progressive and revolutionary forces can be noted; when the

struggle of the peoples for their total liberation from a foreign yoke or

domination is intensifying and experiencing new successes; when the fascist

dictatorships are attempting through more barbarous and ferocious repression

to stifle the just aspirations of the people's masses; when finally, the

threats to peace and the safety of the peoples are multiplying and an unchecked armaments race is affecting peoples and nations, both politically and

economically, and despite their will.

I. Critical Assessment of the Country's Political and Economic Situation

In order for us to understand the political, economic and social situation of

our country properly, we must understand the characteristics of our society,

the structure of the various groups which make it up, its various strata, its

class interests, its collective behavior in the past, throughout the process

of national liberation struggle, and in the present, as well as its habits

and customs, its traditions and its culture.

23
1

To make a proper analysis of our situation, it is essential to know the

nature and the character of our economy, to study in depth the reasons for

its structural diversity over our territory as a whole, to analyze its development in historic time, to take into account and to assess justly its incorporation in the geopolitical context, regional first, continental next, and

finally, international and worldwide.

In the life and history of human societies, the dialectical principle of

reciprocal action is scientifically valid. In fact, human societies are

related together by links in a single chain, and they exert a mutual influence upon each other. We know today that the development of human society

pursues a course, throughout its length, which is subject to laws and not the

product of chance. It is basic for us to have a knowledge of these laws in

order to act more wisely within the framework of the process of the development of our own society.

In any society, a basic structure—the so-called infrastructure—and the

structures resulting therefrom, whether they are strictly linked in a chain

or whether they result from it and constitute the superstructure, must be

taken into account. The economy represents the foundation of society and is

its infrastructure. And the economy means first of all the "means of production" and "production relations."

The various forms of ownership are closely linked with the progress of productive forces and change with them.

Economics and politics are closely linked. In order to direct the economy

wisely it is necessary to have political power, because the directives or

commands derive or come from it, and the major choices and decisions to be

made depend upon it. And it is on this political authority that control of

implementation depends in the final analysis. But both this control and the

decisions, and even political power itself, are seriously challenged, or can

be, if the economic mechanisms which underlie a given structure do not function as they should or are chronically ailing. This means, and history is

full of examples, in our backward countries, where the level of development

of the productive forces is low, in particular, as is our case, that the

continuing deterioration of the economic situation can lead to the systematic

loss of authority and the deterioration and loss of political power. Comrades, we must learn the lessons of history and not only analyze them but

also meditate profoundly upon them, so that we can make the decisions required at the proper moment.

At the present time, there are major reasons for our being greatly concerned

about the economic situation in our country. Difficulties are multiplying

despite the serious effort some of us, and our people as well, have made. We

cannot fail to recognize that we are at a decisive point in our struggle for

the well-being of our people, for the advance of our country and for the

future of our children.

As Amilcar Cabral advised us earlier, "we must be aware of the struggle situation at each moment," and we must "hope for the best but prepare for the

?A
worst." It is for this reason that we have nothing to hide from our people,

who, moreover, know from their own experience the difficulties we are having.

But we must ask ourselves:

Does the party perhaps lack an orientation? Is it possible that we do not

know what path to follow, consistent with our potential and means and with

our goals, which are noble and seek only the building of a better future and

the happiness of our people?

In 1977, the PAIGC held its Third Congress. And that congress, the first to

be held after the winning of total independence, approved a whole complex of

basic decisions, not only pertaining to the future activity of the state but

also the relations between the party and the state. It defined goals and

urged certain types of solutions to problems of great importance to our life

and our struggle. The guidelines and directives which resulted from the

Third Congress retain their full contemporary nature today. This was why our

first Special Congress reconfirmed them. In other words, comrades, we have

in our hands a valuable tool which we can use in the service of our people

and for the building of the future of this land. Then after the holding of

our first Special Congress, we succeeded on the state level in drafting a

government program, consistent with the decisions produced by the two congresses, reflecting their orientation and justly embodying our basic concerns

and options.

But if this is the case, why are there so many things which do not proceed as

they should in our land, in the public administration, in the state enterprises, in a certain number of departments and even on some party levels?

,It is obvious that the failure lies in our personnel, because it is they who

must be the first element in transforming our reality. It is they who

through their thought and their action must be the factors which dynamize

our present life and struggle.

But in order fully to play the role which falls to them as simple citizens,

as workers, as patriots, as militants, the men of our land must be aware of

two basic things.

1) It Is Work Which Creates Wealth and Progress

The wealth of the country depends on the collective effort, on the joining

together of all efforts, but also on individual effort. The better the work

of each one of us is, the better the work of us all will be. But the work of

a single individual, however good it may be, cannot resolve the problems of

our land. And the reality is that the poor work of some, the laxity, the

carelessness, the lack of discipline, and opposition to change can lead to

the loss of everything. These things are cancers which are proliferating in

our society and which not only prevent us from advancing, but even push us

backward, contrary to our desires and our interests and our goals.

25
These cancers exist in many public departments. It is a question, of course,

of people who are either consciously or unwittingly and potentially our

enemies. We must be capable of identifying them and acting with firmness and

determination with regard to them and reeducating them.

There are individuals in our country, with varying levels of responsibility,

who think that by hindering others, by blocking their paths and creating

difficulties in the solution of problems which they could and should really

contribute to resolving, they can acquire greater weight and importance.

Obviously this is not true. And in fact they forget that, basically, they

are acting against their own interests and, naturally, against the interests

of the people, the state and the nation. These individuals should be denounced by our people and by the true patriots, militants and officials of

the party, so that we can take the suitable action against them.

2) Progress Requires Organization, Discipline and a Systematic Battle

Against Negligence

In fact, the historic experience of other peoples and nations shows that the

greater the degree of organization and the more effective the conscious discipline of the workers engaged in the production process and in services are,

the higher the level of efficiency, the greater the capacity to produce, the

better the results obtained for the whole of society, and the speedier its

economic and social development can be.

Now our efforts may be in vain or nearly so, if there is not an organization,

after production is increased, capable of providing staffing and making

proper use of it, in other words if that production is not channeled in suitable fashion toward the ends established by the state and approved by the

party.

In any case, both labor and its organization must be desirably staffed in our

structures, both on the state and the enterprise levels. Naturally, this is

also true for the work of the party.

It would be a good idea for us to organize competition, to promote a sense of

responsibility in our personnel, our cadres and our officials and leaders.

We know that this is already being practiced at various points in our land,

and with positive results in many cases. But it must be intensified, made a

normal habit in our daily life and perfected. We must work to transform fraternal competition into a means of putting our production capacity and initiative to the test, on the basis of open, serious and honest competition

among the competing parties, such as to create and develop mutual collective

aid.

Dear comrades:

If it is true that following the winning of our independence, we have succeeded in implementing a series of undertakings of great national interest

which are contributing to our development and the better organization of our

society on the economic level, including the general population census, the

26
drafting of operational and investment budgets, regional and integrated development programs, an economic and financial stabilization program, and,

finally, the drafting of the First Four-Year National Development Plan, it is

equally true that to date we have not been able to derive the needed and

essential benefit from these powerful tools of economic policy we have

forged, with a view to true economic recovery and a decisive leap forward to

new situations in many sectors, above all those vital to our economy.

It is our sincere opinion and firm conviction that the disastrous situation

of our economy at present is due in many instances to the fact that, although

the guidelines or paths to be followed have been properly conceived, and we

even have a full awareness of what we should do and of the future consequences of what we are undertaking, we are nonetheless incapable of carrying

out our decisions in timely fashion, that is to say in the proper time

period. And this circumstance changes the factors in the problem, sometimes

drastically, and creates obstacles, difficulties and problems for us. Then

we are very often forced to deal with unforeseen situations, and are obliged

to modify the initial plans to adapt to the new circumstances.

Comrades, we must be capable of determining the periods for the implementation of tasks and undertakings realistically, that is to say consistent with

our true potential and resources. We must, then, do everything within our

power to carry out the schedules established as strictly as possible. As the

British say, "time is money." Running overtime on projects, above all when

economic problems are involved, means in many, many cases not carrying them

out at all, or achieving them badly or lamely at the very least, with the

whole train of consequences ensuing from that fact.

On the economic level, we must focus our attention on the following, as decisive, priority and most urgent achievements:

1. The Economic and Financial Stabilization Program, and

2. The Four-Year Economic and Social Development Plan.

On the other hand, our Central Committee, as the leading organ of the party,

should recommend to the state levels that they work as efficiently as possible toward achieving the following general goals:

1. Increasing production and productivity.

2. Eliminating unemployment and underemployment.

3. Bringing the balance of payments and the trade balance into

equilibrium.

4. Balancing prices and measures for consolidating our national

currency.

5. Better rationalizing the training and distribution of cadres.

Comrades, we believe that all the responsible cadres and leaders should

embark fervently, in a militant and revolutionary spirit, upon the arduous

struggle we must wage for our economic development, becoming active and

demonstrating a spirit of initiative and creativity, within the guidelines

established by the party. The party must in fact be capable of controlling

27
the economic and financial activity of the country efficiently. The militant

cadres, the officials and leaders must create ever better study habits, in

order to reduce the risk of improvisation in our actions and in our life.

The better we know ourselves, the better we can understand our own reality

and the world environment in which we live, which, moreover, are interlinked.

In our land, ignorance is a temporary condition which goes along with the

level of backwardness still characteristic of us and the limited development

of our productive forces. But in the struggle for knowledge, a special role,

that of catalysts, falls to the party members. Therefore, they must not only

set an example of love of and dedication to study, but must also be capable

of leading an ever greater number of comrades and ordinary citizens to take

an interest in culture, the arts, technology and science, as the best way of

equipping ourselves to resolve our political, economic, social and cultural

problems. We will then improve our knowledge on all levels, so that our

independence and freedom will become daily more effective, valid and real!

Culture, science, technology and economic development are linked in the

single chain of the liberation process.

Dear comrades:

We must speak clearly. Things are going badly in many quarters of our

country. There are many weaknesses which are causing us serious difficulties

and with which we must concern ourselves. We believe that many of these

shortcomings could perfectly well be eliminated.

If indeed we have not yet reached a situation of despair, we must nonetheless

make it clear that the economic situation we are experiencing is an extremely

difficult and delicate one. On the other hand, the position of a revolutionary is never one of despair, but rather of seeking solutions and knowing how

to find them, bearing in mind that each solution must be consistent with the

principles of the party and the dignity of our people, and must contribute to

safeguarding our national sovereignty and dependence, whatever the form may

be, even if it requires sacrifice on our part.

However, one thing is certain, as our immortal leader, the late lamented

Comrade Amilcar Cabral, the No 1 militant of our great party, once said, and

we quote: "The masses will only remain faithful to the party, always representing its main strength, if their aspirations, undertakings and criticisms

are noted and respected by the higher leadership of the party."

Comrades:

We are practically on the threshold of beginning to implement the Economic

and Financial Stabilization Program, which will involve some changes in our

economic structure, and it is therefore desirable for the Central Committee

to undertake a profound discussion of the measures contained in this program,

which will have major effects on the improvement of the life of our people.

Our country is currently experiencing one of the most difficult economic

situations in its history since national liberation was won. Without wishing

28
to overlook or minimize the highly negative colonial legacy, from the point

of view of economics and finance and production, and bearing also in mind

that our economy is suffering from the disastrous effects of the world

economic crisis, the deterioration of the terms of trade and the constant

increase in the oil bill, it seems to us that while our economy is indeed

seriously affected by the international situation, it is equally true that

the crisis through which we are now passing has its basic causes in the

inadequacy of the structures we created and in the strategic errors committed

by the deposed regime.

Let us examine the general outlines of our present economic and financial

situation.

1. The primary sector, despite the projects carried out with a view to

encouraging popular production, has not yet succeeded in substantially increasing production, despite the major technical aid given to the peasants,

in addition to the improved production factors provided. This stagnation is

due basically to the lack of material incentives (available consumer goods),

which have been ever more acutely lacking. The result is very small exportable surpluses.

2. Trade has not played its key role in dynamizing production and as an

intermediary among the producers, basically for the following reasons:

—Low import levels, aggravated by the priority given urban centers to

the detriment of the rural sector, which is that which after all produces;

—Inadequacy of links between the rural retailer and agriculture and the

marketing of farm products;

—The unsuitability of the state retail trade structures for their economic and social functions.

3. In the so-called modern sector of the economy, we are forced to

admit the almost total failure of the public investment made, totaling some

tens of millions of dollars in increased public debt, without any increase in

domestic production. On the contrary, many industrial units are continuing

to absorb a part of our already limited foreign exchange resources.

4. A balance of payments with a deficit of more than $40 million, as a

result of the low level of exportable production, and the increasing need to

import equipment and consumer goods.

5. A large deficit in the operational budget (more than 40 percent),

covered basically by the issuance of currency.

6. Despite the low energy consumption levels, oil constitutes a disastrous weight in our import total.

One of the goals, the main goal of the party, is to promote the advance and

well-being of our people, and thus there is an urgent need to seek solutions

to the crisis through which we are passing.

29
It was within this framework that the Economic and Financial Stabilization

Program was drafted. It is nothing but a complex of urgent economic policy

measures which can effectively lead our country to overcome the current

crisis and face the future with confidence. Given the importance of these

measures, of the changes they entail, and thus given the economic and sociopolitical impact they will have, the Central Committee should analyze them

carefully and in depth so that the party, the leading political force in

society, can mobilize, staff and direct our people in the enormous effort the

economic recovery of our country demands.

We can state that the key elements in the economic and financial stabilization program are:

1. Dynamization of farm production through consistent incentives for

the producer, specifically just compensation for their production of consumer

goods and a policy of purchase prices from the producer which is more consistent with our economic reality.

2. Restructuring of the trade sector, based on the following

parameters:

—Conversion of rural retail trade to private enterprise, wherever

possible;

—Linking of rural retail trade, its existence as such, to the marketing

of farm products, especially the exportable surpluses;

—Conversion of the two large state trade enterprises into one importexport enterprise and one wholesale enterprise;

—Channeling of a major part of export income into imports for the rural

sector; and

—Incentives for the marketing and export of nontraditional products.

3. Promotion of budget balance through a consistent policy of containing expenditures. Reduction of the issuance of currency for the financing of the state operational budget to acceptable levels.

4. Recovery (insofar as possible) and reorientation of the modern

public sector toward the production of consumer goods for the domestic

market and goods intended basically for primary sector consumption.

5. Incentives for the speedy development of the priority productive

sectors oriented toward export, in particular in agriculture, fishing,

forestry and mining resources.

Development of foreign private investment in these sectors on the basis

of association with domestic capital.

30
6. Utilization of private production capacity, particularly in modern

agriculture, with an orientation toward export.

7. A credit policy adapted to development.

We will not go into further detail about the complex of measures included in

the stabilization program, in the belief that we have stressed the main ones.

The Economic and Financial Stabilization Program, if indeed it was drafted

bearing the basic and essential elements of our development strategy in mind,

was based on the experience we have had with a view to correcting certain

excesses, for example the almost complete state takeover of the productive

and economic apparatus, with the exception of popular agriculture.

In this connection, the conversion of retail trade to private enterprise will

effectively promote the development of a social stratum and allow an accumulation which may be important as a counterpart to greater efficiency in the

network for distributing goods and marketing farm products, which will have

as a basic result the dynamization of and resulting increase in production.

We must bear in mind that the merchant who does not own the means of production does not constitute a decisive economic force, despite the social and

economic importance of his function. On the other hand, through taxation, we

will be able to guarantee that the accumulation does not exceed the means

deemed desirable. In connection with the development of a certain private

agricultural sector oriented toward export, we must very carefully study and

define the correlation which should exist between this farm sector and popular agriculture. The latter represents self-sufficiency, a guaranteed food

supply, the basis for economic and political independence. Private agriculture should mean exports, acquisition of the means for the financing of development (including that of popular agriculture) and the acquisition of

consumer and equipment goods.

Private agriculture can and should be important, but not the decisive factor

in our development strategy nor even on the level of obtaining foreign exchange resources, and we should promote its development within these parameters.

The opening up of certain priority development sectors to foreign capital, by

preference associated with domestic capital, is understandable in terms of

the need we still have for a foreign contribution and support in technology

and economic and technical management, apart from a substantial reduction in

investment risks. Naturally, we must provide a framework for foreign investments such that its effects will be properly oriented and can be positive in

terms of our economy and the interests of our people.

II. The Party as the Leading Political Force in Society

We can say that from the last meeting of the Central Committee to the

present, despite the fact that some shortcomings have been seen in party

organization and in the functioning of some of its organs, we have taken

concrete steps forward. For example, since that time there has been a substantial improvement in party coordination of the activities of the mass

31
organizations, which in a general way have improved in structure, expanded

their field of action, and intensified their activities.

Within this context, the JAAC has developed as a certain and combative party

resource, both on the national and international levels, doing work which is

meritorious and worthy of mention. It has made possible an ever greater

mobilization of the most widely varied youth strata, from the worker and

peasant youth to the local and urban petty bourgeoisie. We believe that

some of the measures we took at the proper time, particularly with regard to

cadres, were wise. They made a new situation with regard to the JAAC possible, making it a more alive and dynamic body and making it ever increasingly a reliable resource for the PAIGC. From the time of its establishment

and organization within the FARP [People's Revolutionary Armed Forces] to its

establishment in the various regions of the country, the holding of mass

political demonstrations of solidarity with the peoples struggling for their

freedom, independence and national sovereignty; the organization of cultural

and sports activities; productive work and fraternal competition; the encouragement given to open, broad, honest and democratic discussion; active and

militant participation in commemorating the significant national political

events; the education and advanced political training of its leading cadres,

officials and militants—throughout the JAAC has been the valuable support of

the party in its action with the masses, in its political and ideological influence on them and in the achievement of the noble ideals of peace, democracy, freedom and progress for our people.

We want to stress here in particular the organization and the impetus the

JAAC was able to give to the ceremonies to commemorate the 10th anniversary

of the death of Amilcar Cabral, working closely with our party structures and

organization. The leading role the JAAC has been able to play as the true

vanguard of our youth stands out. It allowed it to pursue the work which,

step by step, led us to the holding of its first congress.

[12 Oct 83 pp 4-5]

[Text] We must assess the value of the work done by the practical and tangible results achieved. The holding of the First Congress of the JAAC was in

reality an event within the framework of our life and struggle which demonstrated its capacity for action and organization, showing that our youth is

not asleep but is in truth active. We are certain that the effort which had

to be made and the experience gained therein will bring the best of fruits in

the future.

There is a clear program of action, a better understanding of the difficulties and our real potential in terms of the means to be used. There is a

will to achieve and an enthusiasm to advance our youth organization. And

above all, there is confidence in our future and our party. We have then in

hand the necessary elements to achieve our goals.

However, despite its positive work and some successes, which should not go to

our heads, we believe that the JAAC can still do more and better, even with

the resources currently available to us. We believe it is necessary for the

32
JAAC, without limiting its enthusiasm, to keep more firmly in mind in its

actions the national and international sociopolitical context within which we

function, and that it join more closely and deeply in the strategy and tactics which frame the actions of our party.

Another mass organization for which we have great love is the women's organization. It is with great satisfaction that we also note substantial progress in its work.

In fact, and always in close cooperation with our party and under its guidance, our women have been able to organize throughout the national territory,

sinking roots well within our land, expanding their area of action and intensifying and developing their activities such as to make of the UDEMU, slowly

but surely, the single authentic vanguard organization of our women.

In reality and in a relatively short time, the UDEMU succeeded in mobilizing

the women in the various social strata in our land, carrying out a complex of

tasks of a militant and patriotic nature, successfully holding its congress

and its national conferences, intensifying its relations with the sister

organizations and certain international ones such as the Pan-African Women's

Organization and the International Democratic Federation of Women. The UDEMU

has also been able to contribute to the achievement of production and developmental tasks on the national level, and it has participated in the tasks of

competition and voluntary labor. It has held worthy commemorations of important national and international events, such as for example Guinean Women's

Day, the 10th anniversary of our late lamented leader, Comrade Amilcar

Cabral, and International Women's Day. It has carried out political activities in support of the PAIGC and in solidarity with other mass organizations.

It has organized and participated actively in political-ideological advancement and professional training courses.

We are certain that the UDEMU, enriched by the fertile experience it has

already gained, will be capable of expanding its sphere of action further in

the future. It will be capable of multiplying the number of its members and

cadres and of consolidating its organic structures. As the organized and

vanguard force of the women of our land, an important role also falls to the

UDEMU in the struggle our party is waging for the emancipation of the Guinean

woman, the assertion of her personality in our society and her economic and

social liberation.

Dear comrades:

As you know, for us in the PAIGC, our workers are the most important political and economic force in our society—above all our peasants, who are our

most powerful and numerous physical force. It is for this reason that the

PAIGC always devotes special attention to our trade union organization—the

UNTG [National Union of Guinea-Bissau Workers].

While it is true that the UNTG has continued to advance in its activities as

a whole, it is equally true that it faces a great task which is in no way

easy but must be carried out. On the one hand, it must create a number of

33
vocational trade unions which can truly function and will be the real expression of the interests of the members, while on the other it must ensure widespread unionization in the main labor centers and enterprises, and proper

staffing, orientation and leadership of the peasant masses, numerically the

main labor force in our land.

We believe that the UNTG, the development of which is beginning to occur in

the interior of the country, should make an effort to achieve the speediest

possible organization of its First Congress, which could, in addition to the

national conferences, contribute decisively to its advance and more solid

establishment on a national scale.

We must moreover recognize that the UNTG has been able, with the aid and

under the guidance of the party, properly to organize the national commemorative ceremonies within the context of its activities, in particular those

pertaining to 1 May.

Also within the sector of its activities on the enterprise level, the UNTG

has encouraged and developed a process of fraternal competition among the

workers and organization of production. We believe that the UNTG should continue to concern itself with the expansion and wider spread of its main

activities.

In connection with the mass organizations, we would like to recall what we

stated in the report of what was then the National Council of Guinea, in

connection with the holding of our First Special Congress in November of

1981. We quote:

"Any action on the level of the staffing and mobilization of the masses, in

order to produce results, must be serious and disciplined work carried out in

depth and having as its basic goal the strengthening of the awareness of

these masses of the task of national reconstruction.

"The experience in other sociopolitical contexts teaches us that when mass

organizations have clear guidelines and are combative, the party flourishes

and its word reaches the most distant population settlements, which rally

around it.

"It falls then to the mass organizations, the other social organizations, and

very particularly to its militants, to ensure the unrelenting defense of the

conquests of our people, our party and the 14 November Adjustment Movement."

With the certain support of the mass and other social organizations the party

can truly become the real political force which directs our society.

But in order for it to become that in fact, we must be capable of perfecting

relations between the party and the state and the mechanism for the control

of state activities by the party. And in this connection, we must admit that

we suffer from some weaknesses and that the reality falls short of our desires. But this may perhaps still be due to the fact that there are many

people—and among them, many of our leaders—who believe that the activities

34
of the state are more important than those of the party, because the state is

linked with mechanisms and structures which have to do directly or indirectly

with the current aspects of our everyday life: the health of our families,

the education of our children, our daily food, the maintenance of our homes,

our transportation, etc. And there are also even people who think that being

a minister is more important and more valuable than being a party leader.

This idea too is chiefly the result of the fact that there abroad, there are

many people who have preconceptions about political leaders, above all when

it comes to leaders of a single party, as is the case with us.

The constant implementation of the principles of the party will allow us to

consolidate the cohesion of our leadership, to strengthen the bonds of comradeship and friendship which unite us, to join together in collective responsibility; will contribute to closer, more honest and firmer links among

the higher leadership of the party, the officials, the members and the

popular masses; and will create the conditions for greater confidence in the

party, from the bottom to the top and vice versa.

Apart from this, it will effectively place the party in its true role as the

leading political force in our society.

Dear comrades:

Let us improve and consolidate the work of the party, linking theory and

practice, that is to say thought and action, closely, and truly carrying out

our decisions as we were urged, quite correctly, in the second thesis drafted

for the Third Party Congress. We quote:

"The center for the definition and drafting of the political, economic,

social, cultural, defense and security line, the party needs means of

material, technical and administrative action for the implementation of its

program and the aspirations of the working masses. Thus the party must

direct the state which, to the extent of the resources and strength available

to it, is its main and most proper instrument of concrete action."

In order to consolidate political independence and to establish an independent national economy, our party must continue to play its leading vanguard

role in fact, defining the stages and establishing the paths in accordance

wxth the goals to be achieved in the various realms of social policy. In

this connection we regard three elements as essential: national unity,

ideological-political work and the planning of the national economy.

Within the context of national unity, and as a tool catalyzing the democratic

activity of the nation, we must organize and ensure the intervention of the

popular masses in the regime, in the institutional spirit of a true revolutionary national democracy, which should manifest itself on all levels of the

state structure, and which is only viable through the creation of a National

People's Assembly, the highest organ of state power and the symbol of our

sovereignty. Its composition should reflect the spirit of our national

unity, on the one hand, and the diversity of the social characteristics which

is indeed the image of our society, on the other.

35
We should regard unity as a precious asset, an indispensable nurturing element, like our daily bread. Unity on the party level, unity on the level of

the mass organizations, unity on the level of the state structures—in a

word, national unity.

During our historic national liberation struggle, the political-ideological

work proved to be a factor in the mobilization of the energies of our people,

our combatants, our leaders, our officials and militants.

Thus we know that today, in order for us to achieve the goals set forth in

the program of our party, we absolutely need to intensify and deepen political-ideological work, in a tireless battle to make known what our party truly

is, to forge and train the new man in our land, so that the popular masses

will understand in depth who we are, where we come from, where we are and

where we want to go, as well as how we want to proceed.

While the planning of the national economy is included in the first program

of our party, as the keystone of our development, it is taking on a special

character and significance in the present situation we are experiencing. In

fact, we are preparing to set up and implement our first economic and social

development plan—the 1983/86 Four-Year Plan—the outline of which we have

just discussed. The drafting of a document is important, as are the completion and discussion of it too, but the main thing, once it is approved, is

its implementation and practical execution. This will only be possible with

the participation of the people's masses and the conscious and fraternal support of the mass organizations, supplementing the action of the party and the

state.

We must all be aware that the implementation of a plan requires much effort,

great discipline, constant control, organization, and even, sometimes, sacrifice and much dedication. But such a challenge, which puts our capacity to

the test, can be an excellent means of eliminating a certain number of evils

affecting our society and touching individuals in all our social strata.

On the other hand, if all of us, from the highest leaders and officials to

the ordinary men and women in the street, bear in mind the seriousness of our

economic situation and the conditions, not only of a political nature, but

moral, social and material as well, which it imposes upon us, we will all

embark upon a serious and coordinated effort to ensure the scrupulous and

timely fulfillment of the decisions and resolutions which we ourselves have

approved, and which we deem necessary to shape or correct negative situations

which have developed. Some of our realities are clearly visible:

—Low production of our consumer needs;

—Insufficient and chaotic supply and a real lack of capacity and

organization to improve it;

—A financial and monetary crisis, with domestic and foreign

consequences;

—Economic pressure exerted on the level of our frontiers;

—An unfavorable international economic and financial situation, with

its whole series of domestic effects on inflation and prices;

36
—Unemployment and underemployment problems;

—The negative consequences of the rural-city migration (rural exodus);

—Housing problems;

—Need for the implementation of the land law, and regulation of illegal

land sale situations;

—Problems of waste, speculation and profiteering; and

—The need for recourse to foreign aid, while at the same time this is

tending to decline systematically.

In brief, the lack of an economic dynamics has created a situation favorable

to the operations of people who are not conscientious but egotistical, concerned only with their own individualistic interests, and whose actions are

directed toward the use of illicit methods, mechanisms and schemes parallel

to those of the state, which serious affect our economy.

Thanks to some accumulated errors, the lack of exigency and rigor and corrective measures or exemplary punishment against the dishonest individuals in

the deposed regime, there began to develop, grow and proliferate, in the economic process taking place in our country since independence was won, and

above all in the administrative and state bodies, a phenomenon until then

little known, at least on the levels of greater responsibility: corruption.

But this is a terrible evil which, if not eliminated, will undermine the

foundations of the new society we want to continue to build for the good of

our people. Corruption is one of those plagues which when it strikes, destroys. Therefore, our party will do everything within its power to organize

its members on all levels, through its structures, and to mobilize our

people in a battle with no quarter against corruption, wherever we may find

it. The party must orient this struggle within the administration and our

state bodies, and enterprises. And, on the level of the state bodies, it is

necessary to act with full firmness against the demonstrably corrupt elements, and to apply our laws to punish them.

Our mass organizations, the indispensable aides of our party in the building

of an independent national economy and a better life for our people, also

have an important role to play in this struggle in which we must win.

And this victory will certainly mean better working conditions for the honest

and industrious people, an atmosphere of confidence within the masses, defense of the just and legitimate interests of the working classes, a decisive

step forward in our successful pursuit of harmonious development of our economy and the building of our economic independence on healthy foundations

leading us to relative prosperity and real independence, not only in the

political but also the economic, social and cultural realms.

Let me recall here what I said in the opening address at the First JAAC Congress held a short time ago in Bissau. We quote: "We must be sure that our

people, in the areas most remote from the urban centers, feel that we are

firmly determined to fight for the independence for which so much sacrifice

was made for so many years. We have provided proof in the hinterland of our

country, and we will do so again on 14 November. We are determined to

37
continue, and we will wage a battle without quarter against corruption, on

whatever level it may exist. No one has the right to betray the effort our

people are making to advance. We will combat such economic distortions as

the direct plundering of the wealth our workers create, but we will also

combat deviations from Cabral's line which would lead us toward a society in

which privileged groups live off the effort and the sweat of the workers."

The leaders, officials and members of the party must behave in exemplary

fashion if we want to consolidate and develop the confidence the masses place

in the PAIGC, if we want our great and glorious party to be really the true

vanguard and leading political force of our society.

Finally, comrades, faced with these realities and the urgent need to eliminate some of them and to change others, only by making our great party in

fact the leading political force in our society can we achieve the resolution

of the innumerable difficult problems which concern us greatly, and which

constitute obstacles to a life of calm and peace.

We can say that the holding of the First Special Congress of the PAIGC marked

the culmination of an important stage involving the adaptation of the party

of Cabral to the historic era in which our people are living.

The PAIGC, which has come to be a truly national party, has established a

complex of guidelines which are nothing but the natural extension, within

the particular context in which we live today, of the rich political heritage

created by our glorious party in its 25 years of productive existence. In

fact, a detailed analysis clearly shows that there is an energy-conducting

line linking the basic decisions of the Third PAIGC Congress to its First

Special Congress, deriving from the party program and entirely consistent

with its spirit and nature. And this could not be otherwise, unless we were

to betray the work of Cabral. If we want to be the true heirs to and the

implementers of the glorious work of national liberation carried out by our

people under the leadership of our party, and to continue along the path of

our heroes and martyrs who were willing to give the best of themselves, even

their lives, to achieve the beautiful dream of national independence, we will

have to be capable of taking inspiration from the dense and voluminous work

and genius of Amilcar Cabral, and of building a society of peace, progress

and social justice for our people, in which the exploitation of man by man is

nothing but a legend of the past.

[15 Oct 83 pp 4-5]

[Text] It is correct to state that our people, our generation and in particular the members of our party have, then, the necessary tools for pursuing

and completing the work of national reconstruction, with a view to the building of an independent national economy within the framework of a free, united

and progressive nation.

We are well aware that the building of an independent national economy is a

complex task, and that it requires continuous and persistent work, a spirit

38
of self-sacrifice and total willingness on the part of every citizen, organized, methodical, coordinated and dynamic action on the part of the central

structures, whatever their level.

Analysis of the Decisions of the Last Central Committee Meeting

Despite the valuable work the party, and the mass organizations as well, have

done since the first regular meeting of our Central Committee, following our

First Special Congress, we must nonetheless recognize various weaknesses

which must urgently be overcome, and which we have in fact the capacity and

the resources to correct. At the last meeting important decisions, including

the following, were made:

1. Approval of some normative documents for party life.

2. Approval of the establishment and structure of the following Central

Committee commissions:

—Ideological Commission

—National Verification and Control Commission

—Economic Commission

—Defense and Security Commission

—Commission for Justice and Local Administration.

3. It was also decided to establish the interregional committees for the

North (Cacheu and Oio regions), East (Bafata and Gabu regions), South

(Quinara and Tombali regions) and Center (Bissau autonomous sector and the

Biombo and Bolama-Bijagos regions).

4. We also approved the structure of the Secretariat of the Central Committee, with a new feature, as compared to the past, involving the appointment

of a secretary for defense and security, such as to allow more direct and

effective party action within the armed forces and our security bodies, where

there was an urgent need for truly active structures capable of carrying out

basic political work on these levels, so essential to the life of our party

and our state.

At that time we also approved certain measures in connection with the mass

organizations, the UNTG and JAAC in particular, such as to be able to guarantee continuity in their operation, on the one hand, and the improvement and

development of their activities, on the other, with the appointment of new

officials required by the situation at that point. We also designated a new

official for the party committee in the Bissau autonomous sector.

Today, when a little more than a year has passed, it seems to us that these

decisions were consistent with our needs and that they were just and correct.

Before going on to discuss the rest of the decisions adopted at that time,

however, we will examine and analyze the following decisions to which we have

just referred, because of their priority nature.

39
1. For example, we believe that the General Secretariat should complete the

documents establishing norms for party life and submit them for final approval at a meeting of the Central Committee, although we know that these have

already been the subject of some discussions.

The following documents are involved:

—Regulation governing party workers and political cadres.

—Norms for members' conduct.

—Regulation governing PAIGC membership cards and relations between the

party and the mass organizations.

2. Concerning the work of the Central Committee commissions:

a) General considerations

Comrades:

We think that the decision to create Central Committee commissions was correct.

In any case, this decision was dictated by the urgent need to develop and

consolidate the party structures, on the one hand, and to deepen the nature

of our work and create the practical conditions for broader and more efficient control of it, on the other. There is no doubt that this constitutes a

new experience, and therefore the members of the Political Bureau decided to

put these commissions to the test. They have done some work, but generally

speaking, however, their functioning has been irregular. We note that the

commission which has done the most regular work has without a doubt been the

National Verification and Control Commission. On the other hand, the secretariat has no knowledge of any activity whatsoever carried out by the Defense

and Security or the Justice and Local Administration commissions, whose reports were not received by our secretariat. We also believe that the Central

Committee should reexamine the structure of some of these commissions at this

session, as a result of facts which have occurred since then in our life, and

which require us to take steps with regard to certain comrades, some of whom

headed, while others were members of, these commissions.

We will go on to discuss the political and ideological work carried out by

the party through its various structures and on various levels.

Political and Ideological Work

I. Amilcar Cabral National School

We deem the normal and full functioning of the Amilcar Cabral National School

to be of capital importance to the political and ideological training of our

militants. This school has been able to implement its programs fully, both

in the 1981-82 school year and in the present one (1982-83).

In 1981-82, the first advanced political and ideological training courses

were completed in the regions of Bafata, Gabu and Oio. In this school year,

40
we have now been able to offer such courses in all the regions (including, of

course, the Bissau autonomous sector), and our regional cadres, beginning

with the members of the party and state committees for the regions, the

presidents and organization secretaries of the party in the various sectors,

and the officials of the mass organizations and the FARP [People's Revolutionary Armed Forces] participated in them. These courses made the training

and advancement of various party members possible, on the one hand, and retrained some of them, on the other. A course for party leaders who are members of the Central Committee was also offered. The new program for the

1983-84 school year has already been completely drafted, and it includes:

a) Seminars which began on 15 September of this year, and will last for

3 months, till about the end of the year, for the cadres of the Bissau autonomous sector. Participants will include the presidents of the zonal committees, section members, representatives of the FARP and members of the mass

organizations.

b) Seminars held continuously between January and June in the regions

of Cacheu, Oio, Bafata and Gabu.

A seminar lasting 1 month for members of the Central Committee of the party,

to be held in Bissau.

The party school program includes a varied series of subjects of great interest to our comrades, covering problems ranging from the ideology of our

party, the study of its statutes, program, principles and revolutionary

practice, to questions pertaining to the struggles of other peoples, the

national liberation movements in our era, revolutionary theories throughout

the world, economic systems and the struggle for peace and disarmament.

In connection with the activities of the Amalcar Cabral National School, we

should stress the aid given us by the professors and experts from the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,

parties with which we have long had the best relations of friendship and

cooperation. Unfortunately, we have not yet reached the point of being able

to do without the aid of others, although a valuable contribution has already

been made by some of our comrades and national cadres in achieving the school

programs.

We must take certain steps so that the party school can fully play the important role which falls to it within the context of ideological work and militant training on the national level, including:

1. The building of a suitable edifice. If this is impossible immediately or in the short term, the present school building must be repaired

and adapted to its goals.

2. Gradual development, but beginning now, of a permanent national

teaching staff.

41.
3. While teaching by foreign professors remains necessary, maintenance

of a corps of national translators as permanent employees.

4. Approval of the school statute.

5. Improved equipping of the school with teaching materials.

6. Drafting of the school's own budget.

7. Motivating friendly parties or solidarity organizations to aid us in

providing material and human resources and training cadres.

8. Gradual establishment of regional party schools.

II. Training of Cadres Abroad

On the party level as such, there have been three parties which have contributed most decisively to the basic and advanced training of our political

cadres. They are the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Socialist

Unity Party of Germany and the Bulgarian Communist Party. The comrades we

have sent to the USSR, the GDR and Bulgaria for training attended courses and

completed apprenticeships, both on the middle and higher levels.

It is our view that we should try to arrange the possibility of obtaining

scholarships from other friendly parties and organizations for courses and

apprenticeships in political-ideological training fields. We believe that

the high-level delegation representing the leadership of our party which is

scheduled to depart soon for a visit to socialist countries can and should

discuss this problem there. And it should also discuss the type of programs

best suited to the level and capacity to assimilate of the comrades we send,

and those which might be of the greatest interest to us in the current stage

of the development of the activities of our party and the conditions and

prospects existing in and available to our country. Given the difficult economic and financial situation we are experiencing, we should discuss with our

friends and comrades the possibility of their helping us cover the travel

costs of the individuals we send for training (a large number), a cost which

is a heavy burden for us.

For the better information of the members of the Central Committee, the Secretariat General of the party has drafted a document showing the distribution

of the comrades to the various countries' which have granted us scholarships,

and the type of courses or apprenticeships in which they have participated or

will participate. This information covers 1981-82 and 1982-83.

III. Commemoration of the 10th Anniversary of the Death of Amilcar Cabral

We can state with satisfaction and pride that, within the limitations to

which we are still subject, we have nonetheless been able to commemorate the

10th anniversary of the death of our founder and immortal leader, Comrade

Amilcar Cabral, in worthy fashion. In the course of the year we were able to

carry out various important activities such as cultural and artistic meetings, lectures, special political sessions, a round table on the personality

42
of Amilcar Cabral, publication of a popular edition of his works (in pamphlet

form), and, through the JAAC, an international youth symposium on Cabral the

man and his work. Special programs were also carried over the radio and in

the press both on the Radio Liberation schedule and in 0 MILITANTE and NO

PINTCHA.

On 20 January, the anniversary of the barbarous assassination itself, demonstrations of homage to and remembrance of the most prestigious figure in

the history of our people were held on the national level. They took place

in Bissau and in all the regions of the country, and were characterized by

the proper seriousness and solidarity.

In Bissau in particular, an impressive solemn march was organized, in which

party leaders, officials and militants, representatives of the mass organizations and the FARP, in brief, the combatants for the liberty of the fatherland and the people of the capital, paid homage in front of the Amilcar

Cabral Mausoleum to the founder of our party and our nationality, and the

other heroes and martyrs who have fallen in the struggle.

On that occasion, we had the opportunity to say, in our capacity as secretary

general of the party, and we quote: "In this hour of sorrow and meditation,

I appeal to our combatant people, to the militants in our party, to close

ranks around the leadership of our party—the PAIGC, so that we can seek, at

each moment and at each labor site, imbued with a renaissance of revolutionary spirit on 14 November, and through total surrender to the noble cause for

which we are fighting, to render homage to Cabral, building a happy, prosperous and just fatherland in peace and security."

At the end of the ceremonies on the 20th, National Heroes' Day, we had occasion to preside at the Congress Hall over another important ceremony at which

representatives of our mass organizations and the FARP spoke. The ceremony

culminated with an address delivered on behalf of the party leadership by

Comrade Vasco Cabral, permanent secretary of our Central Committee, on the

subject "Amilcar Cabral, the Thinker Who Conceived the Liberating Dawn of the

People and the Singing Future." In the course of the year, various other

demonstrations were held to render homage to our much beloved leader. And we

want to stress the active contribution made by friendly peoples, parties and

governments. The presence and participation in the commemorative events held

in our country by an orchestra and the Djoliba National Ballet, representing

our brothers in the People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea, was a significant example.

We think that, as we said in the New Year's message we delivered to the

nation, "making 1983 the year of the reassertion of the party" and "a year of

action and not just words" is the best homage we could render to the man who

was the leader of our people, their most faithful servant and the greatest

hero of our glorious national liberation struggle.

Moreover, we believe that since 1984 will be the year of the 60th anniversary

of Amilcar Cabral's birth, our Central Committee should immediately make some

decisions as to how we should commemorate this event and what scope these

celebrations should have.

43
IV. The History of Our Struggle and the Creation of a National Liberation

Struggle Museum

A number of times, we and some other comrades have called attention to the

pressing, if not urgent, need to begin to survey, gather, study and prepare

the elements for the drafting of a history of our national liberation

struggle, which is also obviously the history of the PAIGC. This is a

matter of primary importance not only to our party and to the mass organizations, but also to our people. We know that this is a difficult task which

requires a collective effort, in which not only the party and the mass organizations must participate, but also the combatants for the freedom of the

fatherland, and in particular our FARP, the state organs and our people.

This work must be carried out under the guidance and leadership of our party.

But it is our duty to inform our comrades and colleagues in the Central

Committee that, with regard to this problem, the Secretariat General of the

Party, and in particular its permanent secretary, have taken some steps with

a view to dealing with some of our concerns.

For example, as of the last months of 1982, we were visited by a high-level

Soviet expert, the secretary of the Lenin Museum in Moscow, who, with the

cooperation of a five-member national commission appointed from and on the

initiative of the Secretariat General of the Party, began this task which is

so basic and important to us. After some months' stay, and also with the aid

of another expert, this representative of the Central Committee of the CPSU

completed a valuable task, which can be summarized as follows:

1. Collection of the archive elements of interest.

Inventory of all of the documents and museum pieces of historical

interest. At this time, we are in possession of the original manuscripts of

Amilcar Cabral, duly classified, the manuscripts and documents of interest

and personal objects of Comrade Francisco Mendes, and some of those of

Comrade Osvaldo Vieira.

2. Organization of the items of interest in the PAIGC archives—messages, documents from the early days of the struggle, minutes of meetings,

catalogued cassettes, etc.

3. Location of the main sites of historic interest which should be the

subject of museum studies.

4. In January of 1983, a seminar was held under the leadership of the

experts on problems in museum management, in which all of the members of the

national team appointed by the Secretariat General participated.

5. The following guiding documents have already been drafted:

a) A document setting forth the main political-ideological orientational purposes of the museum.

44
b) Draft operational regulations for the museum, including nomenclature

and the form and content of its work.

c) A draft law on the maintenance of historic sites and monuments and

the means of protecting and preserving them.

In addition, the expert discussed the possible location of the museum with

us.

The return of this same expert from the Lenin Museum, which, as our comrades

know, is the largest museum of the revolution in the world, is expected this

coming November. He will be accompanied by a number of technicians, including an architect, who will make the final study prior to the building of our

museum of the revolution. From what they have told us, a museum, which will

of course be temporary, could be set up and commissioned by September 1984.

We think that, in view of its importance, this is a matter on which the

Central Committee should rule. But we are not forgetting that there are

still some basic problems we must resolve in this connection, the main one

being the training of permanent national cadres for the museum, to see to its

maintenance, preservation and operation. Such training is in principle guaranteed us by our Soviet comrades, but obviously much depends on our own efforts. Within the framework of CPSU aid and collaboration, we are further

assured of the reproduction of archive documents in photocopy or microfilm.

And further aid is also foreseen, in materials and cadres.

We think it is worthwhile to move ahead with this problem, and that the JAAC

and the other mass organizations should give maximal support to the gathering

of testimony and records pertaining to the facts of our national liberation

struggle.

We want further to inform you that, in accordance with the instructions and

the directives of the permanent secretary, the organization of our photographic archives has been undertaken. To this end, and with the help of two

Portuguese cooperative workers who are experts in this field, we have now

been able to catalogue, organize and properly label more than 2,000 photographs of the struggle, and a great many of the most significant pictures of

our immortal leader, Comrade Amilcar Cabral. There are still, however,

technical problems that still merit due consideration and must be resolved.

V. Some Special Considerations Concerning the Work of the Ideological Commission

Within the context of its activities, the Ideological Commission drafted a

program of work and a (guiding document) setting forth the nature of its

tasks, various aspects of its jurisdiction and the purpose of its work.

This commission may carry out some important tasks, such as:

—Supervision of the activities of the Amilcar Cabral National School.

—Organization of advanced political and ideological training courses

for party and state leaders selected by the Ideological Commission and

approved by the secretary general of the party.

45
-Supervising programs in the field of social sciences for all teaching

levels. This work, carried out in cooperation with the pedagogic studies and

guidance office of the Ministry of National Education, involves such subjects

as civic training, militant training, history, geography, philosophy and psychology. This task should be continued and will moreover be expanded to include the drafting of the pertinent manuals suited to the program approved in

the meantime.

—Holding of lectures, talks, seminars, and round-table discussions.

—The basic work for the future installation of a historic museum on the

national liberation struggle.

—The establishment of a historic PAIGC archive.

[19 Oct 83 pp 4-6]

[Text] Dear comrades:

We want to note here the fact that, unfortunately, some of the leaders of

the party and our state are not giving the necessary attention and support to

some of these activities, as happened, for example, with the courses designed

especially for leaders. We think that the comrades should in fact make a

cultural and ideological advancement effort, which serves the interests of

all of us and also of each comrade personally.

The Ideological Commission defined a complex of tasks to be carried out from

now on, the most important of which have to do with the essence of this commission as such. It is a question of creating space for thought with a view

to developing documents to guide the position of the party in the various

realms of national and international reality. This commission further plans

to carry out, as priority tasks:

—Control of state information, such as to safeguard the true utilization of the communications media in the defense of the principles of the

party and their proper diffusion.

—Control of and incentives for cultural activities, such as to bring

them within the framework of the party concerns and to make those who

dynamize them aware of the real needs of the country in this sector, as is

the case, for example, with the National Union of Artists and Writers of

Guinea-Bissau (UNAE).

—The wider and better use of films as a means of ideological information and dynamization, particularly through the creation of a film club.

—The drafting of popular biographies of revolutionary leaders of universal importance, such as for example Cabral, Nkrumah, Nasser, Lumumba,

Neto, and N'Gouabi, in Africa, and individuals from other continents ranging

from Marx, Engels and Lenin to Ho Chi Minh, Che Guevara and others.

46
VI. Some Special Considerations Concerning the Work of the Economic

Commission

Following its creation in July of last year, the Economic Commission of the

Central Committee met in Bissau from 29 September to 6 October 1982.

This meeting, over which the secretary general of the party presided, was

attended not only by the members of the commission, but by some ministers and

technicians in the economic sector as well. It thus became a meeting of the

Economic Council, which discussed the Economic and Financial Stabilization

Program at length and in depth, pursuant to the earlier meeting held in

Bubaque from 27 February to 2 March 1982.

The September-October meeting in Bissau then made decisions in the following

sectors, with a view to implementing the Economic and Financial Stabilization

Program:

—On budget policy;

—On monetary and foreign exchange policy;

—On control of the economy;

—-On foreign aid;

—On the trade system;

—On the activity of foreign enterprises in the construction sector;

—On wage policy; and

—On the policy for the state business sector and on the investment

policy.

An order of priority where the implementation and execution of the measures

contained in the various resolutions was concerned was also established.

The problem of the Economic and Financial Stabilization Program was linked

with the implementation of our First Four-Year Development Plan for 1983-1986,

designed to ensure the future recovery of our economy.

At its last meeting, the Central Committee recommended that its Economic Commission study the following problems:

1. Reorganization of the trade sector such as to compensate the peasant

for his production in goods and services, so that there will be effective

dynamization of the crop and livestock sector, in which the marketing component still falls far below the needed minimum.

2. The best method of using investments in the farm sector, including

the potential for the development of private farming, above all in the realm

of small and average operations, with a view to an expansion and improvement

of the domestic market, and so that the export crops resulting therefrom can

achieve the quality standards necessary for international trade.

3. Creation of a system of farm credit which will greatly benefit the

peasant and will facilitate an increase in production and its diversification.

47
The analysis, as well as the study of these problems, are included in the

final version of the Economic and Financial Stabilization Program, which has

already been approved by the pertinent state organs, and they are now further

covered in the contents of our First Four-Year Development Plan for 1983-

1986, the draft of which was also the subject of discussion and has been

approved.

VII. Some Special Considerations Concerning the Work of the General

Secretariat of the Party

As our comrades know, the Secretariat General of the Central Committee has

the following departments:

—Organization and Control;

—Mass and Other Social Organizations;

—Defense and Security

—Information, Propaganda and Culture;

—Administration and Finance and Foreign Relations.

These departments are directed and guided on the higher level by the secretary general of the party and the permanent secretary of the Central Committee. The latter must see to the coordination of the various activities.

In accordance with the Regulations on the Structure and Functioning of the

Leadership Bodies approved at the First Regular Meeting of the Central

Committee held in June and July of last year, the relations between the

departments of the Central Committee Secretariat and the regional, sectorial,

section and base group committees involve cooperation, control, assistance,

exchange of experience, etc.

It is on this basis, then, that the Secretariat General has acted. Within

this context, however, we want to make some comments concerning certain

departments of the Secretariat General.

1. Department of Organization and Control

At the various meetings attended by the regional secretaries of the organiation, some facts were noted which seemed to us pertinent. The main ones are

the following:

a) Nonfulfillment on the part of the regional party committees of the

requirement concerning frequency of meetings.

b) The failure of the majority of the presidents of the regional party

committees to devote due attention to party activities. They devote their

concern to state matters instead.

c) The need for the department of information, propaganda and culture to

devote greater concern to the structures existing in the regions.

d) The fact that an individual in the third or fourth position in the

party committee hierarchy in the region, as well as appointed by the Ministry

48
of Internal Administration to the post of president of the State Committee,

is immediately assigned the same function within the regional party committee. The comrades think, moreover, that this presumes that the appointment

of a party committee president in the region depends solely on the Ministry

of Internal Administration appointment, which they regard as serious.

e) It is irregular for the state departments which transfer their

employees, who are sometimes members of local party leadership bodies, to do so

without giving due consideration to the party structures to which they

belong.

f) The launching of political advancement seminars for militants,

leaders and officials was praised.

2. Department of Defense and Security

This department is a new one in our structure, but its reason for existence

emerged from the fact that, since the party is the leading force in our

society, it makes no sense for the armed forces and the national security

forces to have a political organization, a structure and political-ideological activity entirely or almost entirely unrelated to the party, its leadership in particular. After its establishment in September of 1982, we note

with satisfaction that we made a wise decision. Today, there is already

political and party work both in the FARP and in the security forces linked

with the party, functioning in accordance with its guidelines, and also with

an awareness of party problems other than those pertaining directly to their

sphere of action. This department has already been able to do valuable work,

which we can summarize as follows:

A. FARP

1. Holding of monthly meetings, averaging two, between September 1982

and April 1983.

2. Holding of a meeting with the members of the base committee of the

party at the Ministry of National Security and Public Order.

3. Implementation of missions to check on and control units, involving

15 units.

4. Methodical and systematic development of political work in the FARP.

5. Establishment of battalion canteens and a canteen for the FARP.

6. Holding of ideological advancement seminars.

7. Establishment of a medical commission.

8. Improvement of cultural activities through the distribution of films

to all the military units.

49
9. Establishment of a new system of supplying goods of first necessity.

10. Fulfillment of the activities plan established and observance of the

proper frequency of meetings.

11. The launching of competition in all the units.

12. Excellent sports results.

13. Organization of and activity ;by an FARP theater group and a MINIFARP theater group, as well as activities by the NO PINTCHA musical group.

14. Creation of a "Defense and Security" radio program.

Apart from the items already mentioned here, we should congratulate ourselves

on the fact that this department was able to organize the Second National

Conference of the Party in the FARP and the Security Forces successfully. It

was held in Bissau from 24 to 29 August last.

B. National Security and Public Order

This body had as its main activities:

1. Restructuring of its political organization.

2. Inauguration of political classes. :

3. Holding of a seminar with the members of the party base committees

in February of 1983.

4. Holding of a seminar with the section committees of the JAAC in

April of 1983.

5. Complete census of the party membership in all the frontier units

(commands and posts) in Varela and Cacine.

6. Census of the party militants in politics (April and May 1982).

7. Establishment of eight party base committees in the police units and

various departments (between 21 December 1982 and 23 February 1983).

8. Holding of the base committee election in the UDEMU.

9. Regularization of the party membership fee payment situation.

In conclusion, we want to say that despite the great amount which has already

been done to change and correct the situation in these bodies inherited from

the deposed regime, there is still a need to work and struggle with determination against the vestiges remaining, and to undertake a ceaseless battle

against dishonesty, the corruption which has come to be established as the

normal practice, certain arbitrary actions, negligence and bureaucracy,

50
bribery, blackmail and fraud. We are certain that with the support of the

party we will be able to put things in order and in their proper place, in

the interests of our people, of all the citizens and our principles of

respect for legality and individual rights.

3. Department of Information, Propaganda and Culture

We want to call attention to some of the basic problems:

a) The need to provide this department with some permanent office

cadres.

b) The need to attempt, through international solidarity and within the

framework of cooperative relations with friendly parties, to improve the

equipment, resources and conditions of work, above and beyond what has

already been achieved.

c) The need for a decisive effort leading to the regular publication of

our periodicals, 0 MILITANTE and PAIGC-ACTUALIDADES. With regard to the

latter, we believe that it can be a valuable aid in the practical work of

many of our militants and intermediary cadres, and we hail its recent appearance. But we think that the advantage of this publication will be lost

if we do not succeed in putting it out regularly.

d) The need to link the information work more closely with the ideological work and activities of the ideological commission.

e) The need for better organization of the party propaganda, and a study

of better ways of publicizing the news which may really be of interest.

IX. Some Special Considerations Concerning the Work of the Interregional

Commissions

Concerning the work of these commissions which, generally speaking, have

functioned well, we merely want to note the need for them to hold actual

meetings with the base levels and to listen to our population, not limiting

themselves solely to high-level contacts as has usually been the case.

During our personal visits to the interior of the country, it was direct

meetings with our people, above all in the old liberated zones, which enabled

us to determine and understand certain problems in their full depth—problems

which, moreover, had escaped the notice of the members of our commissions.

The work of these commissions revealed some of the concerns of the comrades

in the structures, for example:

—The situation of the political commissioners in the section;

—The lack of labor and residential premises; and

—Transport facilities.

When it comes to the people, the main concerns have to do with supply, frontier trade, the prices paid to the farmers, the lack of piped and drinkable

51
water, insect infestations, etc. There is, furthermore, another area of

concern involving illiteracy, the emigration of young people, theft, [fanado]

and the distribution and locking of [bolanhas].

X. Concerning Our Foreign Policy

In this connection, we must reassert clearly and categorically our position

of nonalignment, which also means, moreover, a firm and determined struggle

against colonialism, imperialism, racism and Zionism and for international

solidarity with the peoples struggling against oppressive dictatorships, for

the right of each people freely to choose its way of life and development,

and for peace and disarmament, democracy and freedom.

Within the framework of the party, we must above all consolidate and develop

our traditional friendly relations. And we must be able to carry out the

obligations undertaken within the time periods to which we commit ourselves.

If indeed we must remain open to all kinds of contact with parties having

made choices of an identical nature or similar to ours, these contacts should

only be transformed into normal, regular relations after an analysis thereof

by our structures.

Final Comments

Dear comrades:

We are at the end of our report, which will be the subject of profound analysis and discussion by the members of the Central Committee. We must openly

discuss the problems raised here and others related to them, and collectively

make specific and realistic decisions. The discussion should proceed in full

frankness, but also in the spirit of comradeship and respect we owe each

other. Criticism and self-criticism must be used constructively, enabling us

truly to correct our errors in the future and to eliminate our weaknesses.

Let us work ever harder to make of our great party an ever greater party!

Long live the PAIGC, the strength, light and guide of our people!

5157

CSO: 3442/23

52
KENYA

PRESIDENT VOWS NOT TO RETAIN INCOMPETENT LEADERS

Nairobi THE NATION in English 21 Oct 83 pp 1, 6

[Text] President Moi said yesterday that he would not retain incompetent

leaders.

Addressing the nation from Uhuru Park, Nairobi, he said among other things:

—Kenyatta Day symbolises the nation's struggle for independence, as well

as the inevitable sacrifices that our people made.

—Kenya needs more commitment and dedication from elected leaders, party

officials and leaders, party officials and those appointed to public offices.

—All councillors and officials must look upon the local authorities, not

as places from which to enrich themselves, but as organisations created to

provide services to local communities in partnership with the Central

Government.

—The practice of racial discrimination constitutes a negation of human

dignity.

The main text of the President's speech follows:

The full text of President Moi's speech follows:

'As we celebrate another Kenyatta Day, I wish to extend greetings to all

Kenyans wherever they may be. Kenyatta Day symbolises the nation's struggle

for independence, as well as the inevitable sacrifices that our people made.

Most significant is the unfailing tribute we give to the founding father of

the nation, the late Mzee Jomo Kenyatta.

As we remember him and all those who sacrificed their lives in the fight for

freedom and human dignity, let us rededicate ourselves to the cause of peace,

unity and progress. Indeed, the biggest gratitude we can give Kenya's galant

freedom fighters is to continue the struggle for human dignity, and the

placement of Kenya's destiny in our own hands through genuine political and

economic independence.

53
As you are all aware, we are celebrating this year's Kenyatta Day only a few

weeks after the elections for the fifth Parliament. It also follows the

formation of my new Cabinet and substantial restructuring of the organisation

of Government ministries and departments.

When I dissolved the last Parliament and called for elections, I made it clear

that the new nation needed to open a new chapter of leadership. We need more

commitment and dedication from elected leaders, party officials and those appointed to public offices. They are expected to be above tribal and sectional

considerations. They should also be mindful of the needs of the people and

not engage in activities intended to benefit themselves instead of those they

have been elected or appointed to serve.

The same spirit of self-sacrifice that earned us political independence 20

years ago is demanded of today's leaders in our struggle to build a strong nation. My Government will make greater effort to ensure that public resources

and opportunities are exploited for the good of all. The national code of

con- duct committee which I announced during the last Kenyatta Day will soon

present its report that will set out guiding principles on ethics for all

leaders—whether elected or appointed. This will greatly improve the level of

public accountability.

Within the Government itself, I shall require that Ministers, Assistant Ministers and public officials work as a team. Members of the Cabinet will, in

particular, have to strictly conform to the convention and practice of collective responsibility. The nation expects and deserves mature leadership from

those who have assumed positions of responsibility. In my previous statements, I have already made it clear that only those found to be competent as

leaders and servants of the people will have the privilege of continued service within the public sector.

The ruling party, Kanu, has an equally important role to play in shaping the

new course of our national objectives and aspirations. With a view to putting

more life into the party machinery, we will, in the near future, be holding

party elections in the same democratic manner that was in evidence during the

parliamentary elections recently concluded. In the meantime, the exercise of

recruiting party members will continue so as to ensure democratic and popular

Kanu elections.

Unity and discipline among the party ranks are essential and, for this reason,

squabbles among leaders must not be allowed. In the past, we have witnessed

frequent incidents of public confrontations between leaders holding party

posts. Whenever this has happened, wananchi have rightly assumed that their

leaders are not united. This is not acceptable and I call upon all party members and their leaders to close ranks and make positive combinations to the

building of a strong and united nation.

During my installation as your President a few days ago, I dwelt at length on

issues about Kenya's economic situation. Specific and effective measures

geared toward restructuring of the economy against the background of serious

world recession have been instituted in most sectors of the economy. In

54
particular, I noted with satisfaction the progress made in the use of the district as the focus for development in the rural areas. Indeed, this is the

basis upon which exploitation of both natural and human resources will be

maximised for our overall national development.

Resources

I am convinced that the future of this nation depends largely on how well the

resources in our rural areas are harnessed to facilitate self-sufficiency in

all types of food and to provide a basis for accelerated industrialisation.

One of the most urgent problems facing Kenya today is the magnitude of unemployment. Although this is a problem facing many countries the world over, be

they developed or developing, my Government will spare no efforts in reviewing

the tempo of our economic growth.

We are already assisting the private sector by ensuring that essential raw

materials and machinery spare parts are given priority in the allocation of

foreign exchange. The private sector should positively respond to this gesture by embarking on measures that will boost employment opportunities outside

the public sector. The manufacturing sector, in particular, should aim at the

export markets and take advantage of the export schemes the Government has set

up for encouraging exports of manufactured goods.

But, as I have stated on several occasions, our biggest hope for increasing

employment opportunities lies in the agricultural sector and countrywide domestic outlets. It is for this reason that my Government gives top priority

to the development of rural communities. This, coupled with basic training of

our youth in relevant trades, should help to alleviate the unemployment problem besides ensuring that most Kenyans participate in the development efforts

of the nation, whether in public service or the private sector.

In the recent past, many rural centres have assumed the status of the townships and even municipalities. There is hardly anything wrong with this.

Every small village and trading centre looks forward to the day when it will

be promoted to a higher status. That promotion and status must, however, be

earned through increased productivity and good management. Many of the urban

local authorities and the rural county councils are presently faced with serious financial and management problems.

The Government recognises the role of our local authorities and will continue

to support them whenever possible. But it must be clear to all leaders elected into these representative bodies that it is their responsibility to ensure

that each local authority is viable and that it meets the expectations of the

local community and the residents.

All councillors and officials must look at the local authorities, not as

places from which to benefit themselves, but as organisations created to provide services to the local communities in partnership with the Central Government. Resources owned or looked after by these organisations must be properly

managed and accounted for. The use of public land must, in particular, be

properly managed and supervised.

55
Operation

Another matter which has been of public concern for some years relates to the

operation and management of co-operative societies throughout the country.

There is no doubt that the co-operative societies occupy a fundamental role in

the social and economic activities of many Kenyans.

We cannot, therefore, afford to allow a situation in which hardeamed incomes

from co-operative endeavours are squandered or mismanaged by a few leaders and

officials. My Government will, therefore, strengthen measures aimed at

streamlining the co-operative movement as an important sector of our national

development strategy.

I wish now to turn, for a while, to the international scene, since, as a nation, we are only a part of a larger international community. Just this year,

I ended my tenure as the OAU Chairman. During the two years of my chairmanship, we were preoccupied with many African issues, including those affecting

Chad, Western Sahara, Namibia and South Africa.

Kenya is already on record for her active support for the liberation struggle

in Namibia and it is our hope that the perpetrators of racial domination and

colonialism in the country will see the sense and need to abide by UN resolutions geared towards Namibia's self-determination and attainment of political

independence. Similarly, Kenya has consistently condemned the policies of

apartheid perpetuated by the South African regime. The practice of racial

discrimination constitutes a negation of human dignity. It is, therefore, our

hope that apartheid will finally give way to nationalism, human freedom asnd

justice.

Accord

My Government supports fully the continuing OAU efforts to bring about accord

in the troubled country of Chad were the nationals have seen more violence than

peace during the whole period of independence and nationhood. Similarly, we

urge all concerned parties to devote their energies towards the search for a

solution to the Western Sahara question in conformity with the OAU resolutions.

Nearer home, my Government will continue to maintain and strengthen the policy

of good neighbourliness. Greater attention will be reserved for exploring

avenues of increasing trade and commerce with our neighbours. Already, there

are encouraging developments regarding some of the obstacles that have stood

in the way of full and meaningful co-operation among former partners in the

East African Community. We hope that an agreement will soon be reached in the

interest of all the people of the East African region.

In conclusion, let me emphasise the need for us to reflect on our past

achievements and failures with a view to planning for a more prosperous

future. As we approach the third decade of our nationhood, let us pause and

think of where we are heading and how our national objectives will best be

realised. Let us initiate and be ready to sustain a new spirit that will give

us determination and sense of purpose in all our endeavours.

In order to face the inevitable challenges of tomorrow, we must resolve to

work as a single nation in the Nyayo philosophy of peace, love and unity.

56

CSO: 3400/216
KENYA

PRESIDENT ANNOUNCES RELEASE OF MUTUNGA, OTIENO

Release from Detention

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 21 Oct 83 pp 1, 32

[Article by Mitch Odero and Enos Nyagah]

[Text] PRESIDENT Daniel arap Moi yesterday

released from detention Prof. Vincent

Otieno and Mr. Willy Mutunga who were

both teaching at the University of

Nairobi.

Prof. Otieno, a former dean of the faculty

of engineering, arrived at his Ngong Road

home, Nairobi, at 9 a.m. Mutunga, whose

family had left Nairobi to live in the countryside

following his detention, was also released in the

morning.

Prof. Otieno, who was reported by the relatives as

"tired" and could not talk to the press, expressed through

the relative his appreciation to the president for releasing

him.

"His relatives, family, were all later detained. -

friends and he are very Mutunga, who was a lecthankful to the president for turer in commercial law, was

dTT8 h,m'" thC re,ative arrested onJune 10, last year,

xt» A . _, and charged with being in

The president pomted out possession of a seditioushat cases of all those st.ll de- publication. He was later

tamed were under constant detained

{T!eZa

addJn8thaith

t

yw0

u

Uld Meanwhile, the president be released as and when they yesterday called on the univerreiormea. sk studcnts t0 join in the

inffc°£ Ot'eno was involved fight against tribalism and

in he first reason trial arising other social evüs in the

out of last year's August 1 country

disturbances along with Mr. Speaking to the students

Raila Odinga, son of a former who turned up to cheer him

vice-president Mr. Oginga near their halls of residence,

ii J&ac °

tien? the president reiterated that he MakOnyango, a former assi- had faith in the coum^

tant managing editor with youth

Sunday Standard. The three He'emphasised to the

57
students ofthe need to use the

education and skills they were

acquiring at the university to

help develop their country saying the yardstick for measuring a person's magnanimity

and earning recognition in

history was one's contribution

to humanity and not wealth

acquired.

And later in the evening the

president found time to watch

a football match at the city

stadium between two soccer

giants, Gor Mahia and AFC

Leopards.

On arrival at the stadium at

4.25 p.m. escorted by Nairobi

PC, Mr. Fred Waiganjo, the

president was welcomedwith

prolonged cheers from wananchi who chanted the Nyayo

slogan.

Before presenting the

Kenyattäbay Cup to the winners, Gor Mahia, President

Moi said all the teams should

at all times display attitude of

brotherhood both at the

stadium and outside. The

president also thanked all.

those concerned with the

organisation of yesterday's

match which realised a record

get collection of Shs. 326,000

jähd called on the City Comjmissipn to see to it that the

two clubs got their fair share.

The president was in high

praise ofthe high standard of

soccer displayed by the two

teams.

President Moi was accompanied by Vice-President

Mwai Kibaki and several other

cabinet ministers, including

the culture and social services

minister, Mr. Kenneth

Matiba.

Scores Amnesty International

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 21 Oct 83 pp 1, 32

[Article by Charles Kulundu and Wachira Muchaki]

[Text] PRESIDENT Moi yesterday blasted the London-based

Amnesty International for interfering in Kenya's internal affairs and declared that he will not be pressurised to release any detainees who were detained for the

preservation of peace and security.

And the president was efforts.to normalise relations

wildly cheered by thousands

of jubilant wananchi who

thronged Uhuru Park yesterday when he announced he

had released some political

detainees.

President Moi said he will

not be influenced by the

"dirty" writings of people

who lived more than 10,000

miles away from Kenya and

yet claimed to know what

was best for this country.

He disclosed that he will

continue to release the few

remaining detainees as each

detainee qualifies for release,

emphasising that each case

will depend on the individual

changed attitude.

President Moi also

disclosed the peace and cooperation in the East African

region was steadily returning

to normal and cited Tanzania and Uganda leaders'

with Kenya as an example

of the moves to bring back

the region co-operation that

once existed between the

three former partners in the

defunct East African

Community.

On the wider African unity, President Moi explained

that Kenya's close relations

with Ethiopia continues

uninterrupted saying "when

I say I want peace with

Somalia, this peace is not at

the expense of Kenya's close

relations with Ethiopia".

President Moi echoed the

call by Uganda President

Milton Obote, for'all Ugandan nationals living outside

that country to return home

and said: "I will use all the

powers at my disposal to'

help bring about peace in

Uganda".

And he appealed to Ugan58
CSO: 3400/215

And he appealed to Uganda exiles abroad to go back

home and assist President

Milton Obote in task of

reconstruction.

He observed that Obote

had recently madea reconciliatory move to all Ugandans living in United States

and other places to return

home for the sake of peace

and progress in the country.

President Moi reaffirmed

his determination to fight all

forms of tribalism and urged those who were voted out

during the last elections not

to divide wananchi for their

own personal ambitions.

He expressed his confidence in the youth of

Kenya, including the Nairobi

University students, whom

he said should face the

future with confidence.

He added that the voter

turn-out during last month's

elections was between 80 and

90 per cent and thanked all

Kenyans for the peaceful

manner in which they conducted themselves during the

election campaign.

He disclosed that in

future, voters roll will be

brought up-to-date to exchide those who have died

and those who have moved

«from one area to another.

Turning to some people

whom he said were bent on

using his name for personal

gain, the president strongly

warned such people that

they will face severe disciplinary action from the

government if found out.

59
KENYA

JUDICIAL INQUIRY INTO CHARGES AGAINST NJONJO TO BEGIN

Ex-Minister Will Receive Summons

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 24 Oct 83 pp 1, 20

[Article by Gideon Mulaki]

next] The Judicial Commission set up to inquire into allegations against the

former Minister for Constitutional Affairs, Mr Charles Njonjo, is to start

work on October 28.

The directive was signed by President Moi on October 20 and contained in a

special issue of the Kenya Gazette issued yesterday.

The inquiry will be conducted at the Old Chamber, Parliament Buildings, starting at 10 a.m. next Friday.

Among the commission's terms of reference are to inquire into allegations that

Mr Njonjo conducted himself in a manner prejudicial to the security of the

State, the position and image of the President and Government of Kenya.

The President has also directed the commissioners to summon Mr Njonjo and any

other person to testify on oath and to produce any books, plans and documents

that the commissioners may require.

The commission will also inquire into allegations that Mr Njonjo was a party

to a conspiracy or conspiracies to overthrow the Kenya Government in August

1982 or concealment of such conspiracy or conspiracies.

It will also look into claims that Mr Njonjo was a party to allegedly unlawful

activities of Mr Andrew Mungai Muthemba and whether he was party to the

convening of a Rungiri Presbyterian Church of East Africa prayer meeting on

June 12, 1983 and/or its conversion into an irregular political gathering with

tS intention of undermining the position and image of the President and political leadership of the country.

The commission is also to inquire into allegations that Mr Njonjo acted

against Kenya's national interest and policy of maintaining good neighbourliness and of opposing the inhuman regime of South Africa.

60
Allegations that Mr Njonjo was a party to a conspiracy to overthrow the

Government of Seychelles in November 1981, when President Moi was Chairman of

the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), will also be looked into.

The commission will also look into allegations that Mr Njonjo misused his office when he was Attorney-General and/or Minister for Constitutional Affairs.

It will also inquire into allegations that Mr Njonjo arrogated to himself the

duties and powers of the President; that he solicited or received or attempted

to receive or offered or made or attempted to make corrupt payments, granted

favours or acted to the prejudice of individuals, to seek political support,

to undermine the process of democracy and to protect persons involved in illegal activities.

The commission is also to inquire generally, or in particular, into any other

matter pertaining to the above matters and to submit a report in accordance

with Section 7(1) of the Commission of Inquiry Act.

President Moi directed Mr Justice C.H.E. Miller and Mr Justice C.B. Madan of

the Court of Appeal and Justice (Mrs) Effie Owuor of the High Court to be

commissioners. Mr Justice Miller is the chairman of the commission.

The President has appointed Mr Jared Benson Kangwana and Mr Benjamin Patrick

Kubo as secretaries of the commission. Mr Lee Gacuiga Muthoga, Mr Timan Ndere

Njugi and Mr John Walter Onyango Otieno have been appointed counsels to assist

the commission.

"And I direct that the inquiry may be held at such times and in such places as

the commissioners may from time to time determine" and that it shall "be held

in public or in private or partly public and partly in private as the commissioners may from time to time determine," the President said in the gazette

notice.

President Moi also urged the commission to conduct the inquiry with diligence

and speed and to make its report without undue delay.

In a separate notice signed by Mr Justice Miller, Mr Njonjo has been asked to

appear before the commission either in person or through his advocate to

cross- examine any witness or to adduce material evidence "without unreasonable delay," on his behalf "in refutation of or otherwise in relation to the

evidence .

Mr Justice Miller's notice added that the commission "will proceed to hold the

inquiry and receive evidence pertaining thereto, your (Njonjo*s) absence

notwithstanding".

Mr Justice Miller's notice was also dated October 20 and was to be served on

Mr Njonjo at his home in Haivasha Avenue, Muthaiga, Post Office Box 40666,

Nairobi. Mr Njonjo was also required to acknowledge the notice.

61

A
Proceedings Start

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 28 Oct 83 pp 1, 28

[Article by Gichuru Njihia]

[Text] The judicial inquiry into allegations against the former Minister for

Constitutional Affairs, Mr Charles Njonjo, starts today.

Yesterday, the counsels assisting the Judicial Commission and those for Mr

Njonjo inspected the Old Chamber at Parliament Buildings, where the inquiry is

to be held.

The commission is headed by Mr Justice C.H.E. Miller of the Court of Appeal,

Mr Justice C.B. Madan, also of the Court of Appeal, and Justice (Mrs) Effie

Owuor of the High Court are members of the commission.

The counsels were briefed by the two secretaries to the commission, Mr Benjamin Patrick Kubo, the Deputy Public Prosecutor, and a Nairobi lawyers, Mr

Jared Benson Kangwana, on the seating arrangements.

Mr Paul Muite and Mr W.S. Deverell will appear for Mr Njonjo. Mr Lee Muthoga

will head the team in assisting the commission. Other members of the team are

Mr Timan Njugi and Mr Onyango Otieno.

Briefing

Interviewed after the briefing, Mr Muite and Mr Deverell, said they were ready

for the inquiry. But they declined to say if Mr Njonjo will personally appear

before the commission today.

They also declined to give the number of witnesses they expected to call. J'We

are all set, but you should wait and see who will be here tomorrow morning.

Asked if a British lawyer who was earlier said to have been engaged would join

them in representing Mr Njonjo and if he had been cleared, Mr Muite said:

"Only two of us will be appearing for Mr Njonjo".

Mr Muthoga said: "We are ready for the inquiry." Asked how long it will

take, he said only the commissioners could determine that. He added that a

number of witnesses would help the commission in the inquiry.

Mr Muthoga said this would be the second judicial inquiry to be held in Kenya.

The first was held in 1964 over a maize scandal in which the current Minister

for Lands and Settlement, Mr Paul Ngei, was alleged to have been involved.

But he pointed out that a judicial inquiry was not a trial but a fact-finding

exercise. He said the witnesses would assist the commission and that his team

would only guide them on how to give information.

62
Today s session will start at 10 a.m., with an address by Mr Justice Miller.

The Attorney-General, Mr Justice Matthew Muli, will then address the commission before the counsels for both sides make their submissions.

Mr Kubo said rules and procedures to be followed during the inquiry had been

worked out. He said the counsels had been asked to appear in their robes

during the opening.

Although the inquiry is open to members of the public, tight security is

expected at the Old Chamber where it is to be held.

Mr Muthoga said the commission may, at times, go into private sessions if the

commissioners so determine.

President Moi suspended Mr Njonjo from his Cabinet post on June 29. He then

set up the Judicial Commission to inquire into allegations made against Mr

Njonjo inside and outside Parliament. After his suspension, Mr Njonjo

resigned as the MP for Kikuyu and also as the Kanu Kikuyu sub-branch chairman.

He was suspended from the ruling party on July 7.

Among the commission's terms of reference is "to inquire into allegations that

Mr Njonjo conducted himself in a manner prejudicial to the security of the

State, the position and image of the President and the Government of Kenya".

The commission will also inquire into allegations that Mr Njonjo was a party

to a conspiracy or conspiracies to overthrow the Kenya Government in August

1982 or concealment of such conspiracy or conspiracies.

It win also look into claims that Mr Njonjo was a party to allegedly unlawful

activities of Mr Andrew Muthemba and whether he was party to the convening of

a Rungiri presbyterian Church of East Africa prayer meeting on June 12, 1983

and/or its conversion into an irregular political gathering with the intention

of undermining the position and image of the President and political leadership of the country.

Another area to be looked into is if Mr Njonjo acted against Kenya's national

interest and policy of maintaining good neighbourliness and of opposing the

inhuman regime of South Africa. B

The commission will also inquire into claims that Mr Njonjo was a party to a

conspiracy to overthrow the Government of Seychelles in November, 1981 when

President Moi was Chairman of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).

It will also look into claims that Mr Njonjo misused his office when he was

Attorney-General and/or Minister and that he arrogated to himself the duties

and powers of the President.

CSO: 3400/216

63
KENYA

MAXIMUM LENDING RATES TO DROP BY ONE PERCENT

Nairobi THE STANDARD in English 28 Oct 83 p 1

[Article by Mwaniki M'Thaiya]

[Text] THE maximum leanding rates chargeable on loans and advances by commercial banks have been reduced from 16 to 15 per cent per annum, with effect

from November 1.

According to a statement from the Central Bank of Kenya, signed yesterday by

the Governor, Mr Philip Ndegwa, the maximum lending rates chargeable on loans

and advances by financial institutions will not exceed 20 per cent per annum.

Mr. Ndegwa's statement further said that the method of calculating lending_

rates by both banks and financial institutions would be based on the reducxng

balance method.

Charging of comitment fees, negotiation fees, front-end fees and such other

fees—already unauthorised for commercial banks—will not be allowed for financial institutions, according to Mr. Ndegwa's statement.

The measures take into account that commercial banks enjoy about 40 per cent

of their deposits in current accounts free of charge, while financial institutions have to pay interest to depositors on all the deposits placed on them.

"It is for this reason that a five per cent difference has been allowed

between the maximum rates chargeable by banks, and those chargeable by financial institutions. One of the objectives of these measures is to eliminate a

system whereby financial institutions have been able to charge effective rates

of over 30 per cent per annum by virtue of using add-on or flat method of calculating lending rates, as well as loading the rate with a host of fees and

other charges," Mr. Ndegwa said.

He said the measures were expected to stimulate lending activities and further

growth of the economy.

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64
KENYA

MWANGALE SEES HOPE FOR BETTER COOPERATION WITH TANZANIA

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 20 Oct 83 p 1

[Article by Wachira Muchoki]

[Text ] KENYA and Tanzania

have agreed to accelerate the improvement of relations between them, the minister for foreign affairs, Mr. Elijah

Mwangale,, said at a

press conference

yesterday.

Briefing the press on his

recent trip to New York

where he delivered Kenya's

foreign policy statement,

Mwangale said he held

fruitful discussions with

Tanzania's foreign affairs

minister, Mr. Salim Salim,

who expressed Tanzania's

desire to co-operate with

Kenya.

Mwangale said there were

concerted efforts between the

two countries to normalise

relations as soon as possible.

"There is an enhanced desire

to hasten the establishment of

normal relations between Kenyans and Tanzanians for the

benefit of the East African

region," he said.

Asked whether that meant

that Tanzania would reopen

its border with Kenya, the

minister said: "The decision to

close the border was Tanzania's not ours but we are

now optimistic — discussions

are going on ul all levels of

government."

The minister said thai

although there is no fixed

timetable or programme lor a

summit between the two countries, there is, however a

strong possibility that a

meeting between him and

Salim Salim will be arranged

in the near future.

Mwangale said President

Julius Nyerere of Tanzania is

among heads of state who

have been invited by the

Kenya government for the

20th independence anniversary

celebrations in December this

year: "We look forward to

receiving him together with

other invited guests."

Accompanied by his two

assistant ministers. Prof. Paul

Sumbi and Mr. Philip Leakey,

the minister stressed thai

geopolitical co-operation between Kenva and Tanzania

would be most beneficial in

economic terms.

On Kenya's foreign policy

statement which he delivered

to the 38th session of the UN

General Assembly last week,

the minister said ne expressed

Kenya's profound sadness and

condolences to the families of

the victims of the tragic incident that claimed 16 Korean

lives including those of four

cabinet ministers on October

9 in Rangoon, Burma.

"Kenya strongly condemned

this act and pointed out that

acts of terrorism and political

assassination will not solve

anything and, therefore,

deserve strong global

condemnation."

Outlining the issues he

highlighted in his.address to

the UN. Mwangate reiterated

Kenya's stand on apartheid

and termed it as an abhorent

and obnoxious system.

Saying that South African

authorities are consistently

engaged in a policy of

destabilisation of its

neighbouring states, the

minister condemned the attack

by South Africa on the

Mozambican capital of

Maputo early last week.

On the delayed independence of Namibia, the

minister said America had aggravated the situation by insisting that Cuban troops

should be withdrawn from

neighbouring Angola as a precondition for the independence negotiations:

"The issue of Cuban troops in

Angola is a totally different

issue and should not arise."

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65
KENYA

MOI'S ARRIVAL IN SAUDI ARABIA REPORTED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 24 Oct 83 p 1

[Text] JEDDAH, (KNA) - President Moi arrived in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to a

red carpet welcome shortly before 1 p.m. yesterday.

On arrival, he was met

by King Fahad Bin Abdulariz, who is the head of

state and also the prime

minister. Also on hand to

welcome the pesident on

his two-day' offical visit

were Saudi ministers and

Kenyan embassy officials.

President Moi and the

King then received the

national anthems of their

two countries.

President Moi was then

escorted to the royal

lounge where he and his

ministers were served with

the Arabian coffee. He

was later driven through

the streets ofJeddah to Al

Hamra Palace where he is

residing during the visit.

He held informal talks

with the King at the

palace before lunch.

Also in attendance during the one-hour talks

were the minister for

finance and planning,

Professor George Saitoti,

minister for foreign

affair, Mr. Elijah Mwangale, .minister for

energy and regional

development, Mr. Nicholas Biwott, minister for

tourism, Mr. Maina Wanjigi, as well as senior

government officials.

The King was accompanied by several ministers

of his government.

Later yesterday, President Moi was treated to

a royal dinner hosted by

the King. The two leaders

then held official talks.

Earlier on departure

from Nairobi, the president was seen off at Jomo

Kenyatta International

Airport by the vice-president and minister for

home affairs, Mr. Mwai

Kibaki, the chief of general staff. Gen. J. K. Mulinge, chief secretary and

head of civil service, Mr.

Jeremiah Kiereni, Nairobi

provincial commissioner,

Mr. Fred Waiganjo.

cabinet ' ministers,

assistant ministers, members of parliament and

senior frovernment officials, adds WACHIRA

MUCHOKI.

The president was accompanied by Wanjigi,

Mwangale, minister of

state, Hussein Maalim

Mohammed, assistant foreign affairs minister, Mr.

Philip Leakey, permanent

secretary responsible for

development co-ordination and cabinet office,

Mr. Simon Nyachae, permanent secretary in the

ministry of finance and

planning, Mr. H. M.

Mule, permanent secretary in the ministry of

energy and regional development, Mr. J. Karuga

and the managing director

of The Kenya Times

Limited. Mr.J. G. Shamalla.

During the Saudi Arabia

visit the president will'

discuss bilateral matte«

between Kenya and the

oil-rich country.

CSO: 3400/215

66
KENYA

NATION TRIES TO CLIMB OUT OF RED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 1 Nov 83 p 11

t

Text 3 NAIROBI - When Kenya's President Daniel Arap Moi was sworn in

for a third term of office last month

be pulled no punches.

Instead of the traditional inauguration speech of self-congratulation, he read what amounted to the

riot act to his ministers, Government officials and the population.

Kenya could no longer afford to

live beyond its means, he said, or to

borrow more than it could repay.

His tough message brought to the

fore the fundamental economic

challenge in Kenya which the general election signally failed to do.

The voting was marked by the

lowest electoral turnout for years,

and produced much the same mixed

bag of MPs within Uxi confines of

the Kenyan African National Union

(Kanu), the sole legal party.

It was a result well short of an

assertion of presidential authority,

or indeed of a mandate for reform.

Yet both of those are needed to

return the country to the stability

and prosperity which made it one of

the West's closest allies in Africa,

and a State once regarded as a

model of economic and political development for Africa.

The challenge now facing President Moi is twofold. He has to contain the apparent political dissent

both within the ranks of his party,

and outside it, which resulted most

dramatically in the abortive coup of

August, 1982.

He must also tackle the inefficiencies and weak management of

the bureaucracy, compounded by

corruption, which have undermined

the efforts being made to cope with

Kenya's economic crisis.

On the bottom line of any appraisal of Kenya's economic and

political prospectslie two statistics.

The first is the population growth

rate of 4% which on recent trends

sees the country's 18-million people

doubling by the end of the century.

This steady rise means a new strain

on social services, and more severe

unemployment Between 200 000

and 300 000 young people enter the

job market each year.

This is all the more serious be-

. cause of the second statistic: that

less than 20% of the country is good

to average agricultural land.

Kenya has no known mineral resources of any substance, and there

is only room for limited expansion

of two of its key exports, coffee and

tea, which accounted for 40% of

foreign-exchange earnings last

Inspite of businessmen's reservations, President Moi is determined

to get to grips with the economic

problems. The months ahead will

tell, but the country's record of

frank assessments and poor performance is not encouraging. —

Financial Times.

CSO: 3400/215

67
LESOTHO

BRIEFS

JAPANESE GRANT AGREEMENT—The governments of Japan and the Kingdom of Lesotho

have agreed on a grant aid totalling 78 million yen, which is equivalent

to $335,000, for the supply of Japanese rice. The total amount includes

the cost of 50 million yen, an equivalent of $215,000, for the commodity,

and all trade costs to be incurred, including inland transportation, of up

to 28 million yen, an equivalent of $120,000. The exchange of notes for

the grant aid were signed today in Maseru by his excellency, Mr Eiji Seki,

ambassador of Japan, and the honorable E.R. Sekhonyana, the minister of

foreign affairs. The government of Japan up to the present time has accepted

five trainees for Japan's International Corporation Agency training courses

from Lesotho as part of their technical cooperation. The food aid for which

the exhcange of notes were signed today is the first grant aid to the Kingdom

of Lesotho, and it symbolizes the good will and the friendship of the government and people of Japan for the government and people of Lesotho, and manifests the existing close cooperative relationship between the two countries.

[Text] [MB170910 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 16 Nov 83 MB]

BREAD BAN DEFENDED--A spokesman for the Lesotho Government today denied

reports from South African newspapers that Lesotho had banned the importation of bread from South Africa as a retaliatory measure against South

Africa's border restrictions against Lesotho. The spokesman said that the

South African media were determined to (?send) claims that would led to

unhealthy relations between South Africa and Lesotho. The spokesman said

that decisions to control the importation of food stuffs from South Africa

were not a new phenomenon. These were taken from time to time to protect

producers in Lesotho. He quoted the example on the restriction of eggs,

vegetables, and mealie meal, which were imposed more than 3 years ago, long

before South Africa, had imposed border restrictions on Lesotho. The spokesman said the decision to restrict bread imports was taken purely on economic

rather than political considerations, and had nothing whatsoever to do with

the border situation. [Text] [MB111554 Maseru Domestic Service in English

1130 GMT 11 Növ 83]

CSO: 3400/261

68
MALI

DETAILS OF FOUR PROJECTS WITH CANADA GIVEN

Bamako L'ESSOR in French 2 Oct 83 p 4

[Article by Alassane Niakate]

[Text] Canadian-Maiian cooperation has recently produced some

specific results. Four small projects affecting a variety of

fields, designed a few years ago by Canada, have just been inaugurated and officially turned over to our country by the Canadian ambassador to Mali, residing in Abidjan, Mr Ernest

Herbert.

These projects are: a handling system for the port of Mopti,

a water supply system for Djenne, a grain warehouse for Gao,

and a people's education center for the city of Tombouctou.

These projects thus involve hydraulic engineering, food sufficiency, and the social and cultural domain.

Things could hardly have happened otherwise, for Canada, ever

since it established contact with the nations of the Sahel, has

realized the great socio-economic, political, and human significance of the Niger River. Ever since the first years of the

Canadian-Malian cooperation program, priority has been granted

to projects related to the life of the river, both in terms of

support for COMANAV [Mali Navigation Company?] and also in terms

of financing for small projects affecting small groups of fish-,

ermen. Canada has provided advisers on navigation and management as well as technical experts. It has granted fellowships

for study in Canada. It has equipped COMANAV with two 275 kW

generators, two cranes, four motors for tugboats, and a radio

communication system for the main river ports. In addition,

it has helped to install 40 buoys, . with a great deal of the

work being done by local labor, as well as boiler work and

water tank construction. This is all tangible evidence of the

quality of Canada's cooperation program in river transport

systems.

69
The handling system which has just been opened in Mopti makes

use of technology adapted to meet the needs of COMANAV. It was

designed by a Canadian engineer, and has a mobile dock which can

be adjusted to any water level on the river. It can handle bulk

or bagged merchandise of any weight or size. It cost 240 million

FM [Malian Francs], and its completion required 7 years.

The water supply system for the city of Djenne developed by

Canada represents a victory over nature in a region which, although surrounded by water, suffered from serious problems with

its supply of drinking water. This water supply project is one

of many aspects of Canadian support provided to improve the water supply system in Mali. Canada has granted a subsidy of over

3 billion FM to cover such programs. Among the results of Canada's intervention, in addition to the system for the city of

Djenne, are a similar system in Douentza and Djre, and the Central Water Analysis Laboratory in Bamako.

The ambassador expressed his pleasure in witnessing the

hardworking spirit demonstrated by the people of Djenne, who_

organized in order to obtain the Canadian assistance, which is

quite limited in scope. Committees were set up in Djenne, leaders were appointed, the people showed a great spirit of initiative in establishing an equitable rate structure, and a necessary supply of operating capital was created in order to obtain

fuel supplies for the pump, and to be able to purchase spare

parts.

Ever since the severe drought which afflicted the Sahel 10 years

ago, Canada has implemented a major cooperation program. Among

the priorities set jointly by Canada and Mali, food has been

given a leading position. The Canadian federal government, which

is highly sensitive to Mali's needs in this sector, has developed

a group of projects related to food supplies.

Among others, these projects include the following: food

production, grain transport, drinking water supplies, plant

protection, the formation of cooperatives, and an active participation in the project to reorganize the grain market.

Canada supports the food strategy which Mali has developed.

The Canadian cooperation is also shown by sending grains through

multilateral organizations such as the World Food Program.

As a response to a request by Mali to increase its storage

capacities, the construction of a warehouse is another aspect

of Canada's action to meet the population's essential needs.

70
In response to this need, the Gao warehouse (a hangar of 600

m-) was built, along with sanitary facilities, a guardhouse,

a fence and gate. Its cost was 200 million Malian francs.

Canada chose the region of Gao for this facility as this area

was one of the regions most harshly affected by the grain shortage, because it is an essential transit point for food aid,

and it is a crucial point in attaining the objective of food

sufficiency.

With this 1500-ton storage capacity, Gao will be more able to

absorb and manage efficiently emergency food shipments.

The new people's education center in Tombouctou reflects the

importance which Canada assigns to developing and respecting

cultural and human values. This is another dimension of our

cooperation which Canada has continued to support. In Tombouctou, the infrastructure necessary for the development of U

human and social values was inadequate. Canada recognized that

this was a high-priority need and decided to help Mali to resolve this problem.

In turning over all these developments to local authorities,

the Canadian ambassador expressed his happiness and that of

his country/which has joined in association with Mali to

preserve local values. To do so, efforts have been made by

a variety of groups, by the UDPM {Democratic Union of Malian

People], by the government, administrative districts, by town

governments, and by the people of Mali.

7679

CSO: 3419/114

71
MALI

TECHNICAL, SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION WITH FRANCE

Bamako L'ESSOR in French 2 Oct 83 p 4

TTextl The Franco-Malian joint commission on agronomic,

^technical, forestry, hydrobiological and geological research

began its work on Friday morning at the Ministry ofJ3 täte for

Economy and Planning. This meeting was held 2 months before

the second session of the full Franco-Malian commission to be

held in Paris in November 1983. It is co-chaired: for France

by Mr Jean Pierre Raison, deputy director of research and scientific information at the French ministry of cooperation; and

fSr £li by Mr Zoumena Sacko, technical adviser at the ministry

of state for economy and planning.

in his opening speech, Mr Sacko spoke of the importance of this

session which? he said, will draw up a record of the cooperation £2tween ihe two countries, and will try to find effective

solutions for the financial and material problems facing our

scientific and technical research program, designed to be applied to development needs.

The speaker said he was convinced that the Malian and French

experts will, at the end of their work, find new prospects in

the field of scientific and technical research.

The same hope was expressed by the leader of the French

delegation who mentioned the need for the two parties to

reflect on joint projects and to begin a new approach which

will then have to be translated into action.

In addition to technical assistance and support provided for

training Malian people, Franco-Malian cooperation covers the

following areas.

First of all, agronomic research. In this area, France provides

assistance for the stations at N'Tarla and Sotuba, and for

72
various research projects on irrigated rice cultivation, river

crops, sugar cane, and chemical fertilizers.

Then in its zootechnical, forestry, and hydro-geological research

programs, Franco-Malian cooperation includes a campaign against

the deterioration of pasturelands, research on fish populations

of the central delta of the Niger River, a study of nursery production methods, etc.

For geological research, France has provided assistance with

the geological mapping of the Adrar des Iforas, with photogeological studies of western Mali, and with geochemical and

petrogeological studies of southwestern Mali.

As may be observed, Franco-Malian cooperation in scientific

and technical research responds to interests shared by both of

our countries. It is also in harmony with our food sufficiency

policy and our campaign against desertification.

7679

CSO: 3419/114

73
MOZAMBIQUE

FORMER PRISONER OF RNM RECOUNTS CAPTIVITY

Zimbabwe Trains S topped by Bandits

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Oct 83 p 3

[Article by Mario Ferro: "Jose Antonio Carroca, Liberated from Enemy Claws,

Says Bandits Did Not Want to Allow Zimbabwe Trains to Pass on Chicualacuala

Line"]

iText] When the armed bandits attacked trains on the

Chicualacuala rail line, they had only one purpose in

mind: To hinder the movement of goods from and to Zimbabwe,

stealing products such, as corn and sugar, and attacking

the passengers, taking all their property away from them.

These disclosures were made yesterday morning in Maputo by

Jose Antonio Carroca, a 43-year-old Mozambican, married

and the father of four minor children, who was a prisoner

of the armed bandits for 5 months.

Jose Antonio Carroca told journalists that he once again became a free citizen

the moment units of the FPLM [Popular Forces for the Liberation of Mozambique]

began to attack the camps of the armed bandits in the Province of Inhambane,

at which time he managed to escape. For several months, Jose Antonio Carroca

had the same jailer as Mrs. Devi Bai, and her son, Narendra Bhay, and Eduardo

Regado Ribeiro. They constituted a group whose members got to know each other

under extremely difficult conditions and who, as one of the persons admitted,

developed strong and unforgettable friendship.

Working for the Railroads of Mozambique for the past 19 years, Jose Antonio

Carroca was taken prisoner by the armed bandits on 18 April 1983 while doing

his job as train engineer on the run between the village of Barragem and

Mabalane, on the Chicualacuala line.

"It was about 2045 when the engine ran over a mine that had been placed on

the line. After the explosion, the train was derailed and the bandits opened

fire with their weapons, approaching the wreckage of the train. I was taken

prisoner together with a friend of mine who was traveling with me, on the

engineer's seat," Jose Antonio Carroca said. He then added:

"The bandits were not interested in the goods that were carried in the freight

cars. They forced me and my friend to go into the bush with the rations I

74
had on me. They took all my food away. They tied my arms with rope and

forced me to walk. At night they tied not only my arms but also my legs

so that I would not be able to escape."

Jose Antonio Carroca says that his prisoner status was due to the fact that he

was an employee of the Railroads while his friend, who was not a railroad

employee, received orders to return but was warned not to tell anybody that

he had been a prisoner.

"They told my friend that the FPLM would shoot him down if he were to tell

them that he was captured by the armed bandits. The bandits told me that they

did not want the trains to run on the line to Zimbabwe and they asked me why

I continued to work on the train. I told them that I had to work and that I

never refused any higher order in my entire life," Jose Antonio Carroca said.

For a long time, he went from one camp to the next, until he arrived at a

place where he met Mrs Devi Bai and her son as well as Eduardo Regado Ribeiro.

Like the other three persons, he heard aircraft flying over the place where

he was being held and on the next day he learned that the South Africans had

dropped 9 tons of miscellaneous weapons by parachute.

But before that,.in another camp, Jose Antonio Carroca got the good news that

Ezequiel Zacarias Coelho, 36, a locomotive mechanic, was alive and not dead;

nevertheless, the mechanic Coelho was a prisoner of the armed bandits, like

he; he never had any better news.

Both had an opportunity to talk in prison. Ezequiel was made prisoner on

16 February 1983 as the bandits attacked the train to which he was assigned.

The fireman was seriously wounded in the legs during the attack and was unable

to walk. "The bandits gunned the fireman down in cold blood," said Jose

Antonio Carroca.

Jose Antonio Carroca said that the armed bandits were in radio communication

with what they called the "outside" and what, as he said, was nothing more

than South Africa. "What country in the area, if not South Africa, could send

weapons to the bandits?" Jose Antonio Carroca asked.

He was liberated when units of the Armed Forces began to attack the enemy

positions. From that moment on, he was no longer tied up and it was easier

for him to move around; this enabled him to escape the enemy on 25 September

amid the confusion of the bandits as a result of the army's attack.

Just 2 days later he arrived at a barracks in the District of Panda; he was

then sent to the district seat and later on to Homoine where he spent the

night before moving on to Maxixe. At the beginning of this month, he crossed

the Bay of Inhambane in a boat and reached the provincial capital.

"There is one aspect which I would like to alert our government to. The

persons who work on the trains should get military training so that they would

75
know what to do when the armed bandits attack the trains. I do not know whether

this is possible but this is a matter of concern for me, ' said Jose Antonio

Carroca who then was asked a question by a journalist:

"Do you intend to go back to your job?"

"Yes, I have to work!"

South Africa Supports Bandits

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 14 Oct 83 p 4

[Article by Artur Ricardo: "Eyewitness Testimony by Two Citizens Who Were

Captured and Held in Mambuili"]

[Excerpts] Jose Antonio Carroco is an engineer for CFM [Mozambique Railroad]-

South; he was captured last April on the way from Magude (Maputo) to Mabalane

(Gaza) He said that his story began after the locomotive had been derailed

when it hit a mine that had been placed by the bandits. At the same time,

the bandits opened fire and killed several persons. He managed to survive

that and the bandits then turned up and asked him:

"Do you not know that we do not want trains to run here? Do you not know that

many people die on this rail line? Since you are a government worker, we

have orders to take you with us."

"No sooner said than done," Carroco continued, "they took me into the bush

with them. They took my food rations which were very good and they gave me

watermelon. Then they tied me up and I was subjected to several interrogations. After that I was moved to the base which is located in the District

of Chibuto, in the Province of Gaza; from there they took me to Mambuili m

the Province of Inhambane.

Captured without Reason

Questioned by journalists as to whether, during the time they were held at

the bandit bases, somebody might have given them the reason why they were

captured, they replied:

"Thevtoldme that they had orders to capture or kill government workers. They

explained to me that, since I was somewhat older, it was not worth the trouble

to give me military training. I was supposed to wait until there would be an

opportunity to find a job for me," said Jose Antonio Carroco.

"They always told us that we would have to go away, that we would have to go

to South Africa as soon as the airplane came. But it never came and we continued to live in misery. I was sick for 30 days and they took me to a male

nurse whom they considered to be a doctor. He had no medications and the^nly

thing he advised me to do was not to eat salty food or things with sugar,

Devi Bai said.

76
Those two citizens were eyewitnesses to the involvement of South Africa in the

operations of the armed bandits; they said that "last August, during the night,

we heard the noise of an aircraft that had come to unload equipment. They said

that it came from the outside But they did not want to specify which country.

But some of them said openly that the equipment came from South Africa."

They also said that, after the destruction of the Mambuili base, the armed

bandits lived in a very disorganized manner: "We were no longer under any

control in Pululo where they found refuge later on." This was a big help in

enabling these two innocent persons to escape.

Both told the domestic and international media that, after they ran into

elements of the People's Forces, they were taken to very safe places and they

were treated very well, from the bath they were able to take all the way to

the food they were given.

5058

CSO: 3442/31

77
MOZAMBIQUE

GOVERNMENT SEEKS RETURN OF THREE STOLEN AIRCRAFT

MB061206 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 6 Nov 83

[Text] The Maputo newspaper, DOMINGO, has published an account of how four

light planes and a helicopter working for the Mozambique state company TTA,

were stolen and taken to South Africa. The aircraft had just completed a

crop spraying operation in Botswana, and they were about to return to Maputo,

flown by foreign pilots with Mozambican copilots. One of the planes then

developed a fault and the Mozambican copilots and mechanics were ordered to

stay behind to await technical help. The other planes took off immediately,

changed route and headed for South Africa. The helicopter was left at a

small airfield in Botswana where a new crew arrived shortly afterward to

complete the theft. When the aircraft failed to arrive in Maputo, the Mozambican authorities immediately contacted Botswana and an alert was put out.

The following day, 22 October, a request for information was sent to all

countries in the region. Last Monday, South Africa revealed that the planes

had passed through Jan Smuts Airport in Johannesburg on their way to other

destinations in South Africa and Swaziland. DOMINGO newspaper says one

of the planes is being held under court order in Durban. The pilot of another plane contacted Maputo on Thursday and offered to hand it back. The

plane was picked up in Swaziland yesterday and flown back to Maputo. But

it is discovered on arrival that an important piece of equipment was missing.

Mozambique is continuing efforts to secure the return of the other three

planes [as heard].

CSO: 3400/246

78
MOZAMBIQUE

WORK ON CHIPEMBE DAM CONTINUES

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 10 Oct 83 pp 8-9

lExcerptsJ Work on relining the Chipembe Dam at Montepuez in

the Province of Cabo Delgado, is to start this month. A

project of great importance to the development of a very

fertile region, the Chipembe Dam's construction was started

in 1977 and involved the participation of 286 workers from

the Integral Construction Company of Cabo Delgado, with

technical advice given by specialists from the People's

Democratic Republic of Korea as part of the cooperation

agreements between that Asian country and Mozambique.

Through its special correspondents, who were sent to Cabo

Delgado, this newspaper is in a position to present a

picture of this economic undertaking whose completion is

expected by 1985.

Like N'guri, Chipembe is the "pretty little girl" of Cabo Delgado. Any group

traveling to that province will inevitably have to include a visit to Chipembe.

This is not only one of the most important projects now in progress in the

Province of Cabo Delgado; upon completion, the Chipembe Dam will transform

a vast area in the District of Montepuez, turning it into a development center

for communal villages and agricultural cooperatives and proletärianizing the

region's peasant masses. Chipembe is thus a promising installation for the

future. "A future city must be established in the Chipembe area," the Chairman

of the FRELIMO Party and President of the People's Republic of Mozambique,

Marshal Samora Moises Machel said rather significantly during one of his visits

to Cabo Delgado. This is a dream which is gradually becoming reality.

"The Completion of this project is the job of a team of technical advisors from

the People's Republic of Korea and a team from the Integral Construction

Company of Cabo Delgado as well as the Agricultural Enterprise of Cabo Delgado,

1 May, belonging to the Ministry of Construction and Water Power as well as the

Ministry of Agriculture, respectively.

"Construction work began in 1979 under the sponsorship of the Provincial

Directorate of Agriculture in Cabo Delgado with the technical support of

Korean advisors. But the work was just limping along. There were two reasons

for that: The absence of a blueprint and the shortage of equipment."

79
But there were other problems on top of these. It was not without reason that

the Provincial Agricultural Directorate argued that technical guidance for the

dam's construction should be shifted to the Provincial Construction and Water

Power Directorate; this proposal was accepted. The only trouble was that almost

a year went by between the proposal and the favorable ruling. Why?

Because of misunderstandings having to do with the "blueprint"—the article

author continues—in other words, there was considerable jousting between the

two government agencies and that of course only helped prolong the deadlock.

A new and bitter debate however sprang up during that time and that only fueled

the flames.

The Korean technical team guaranteed that the Chipembe area should yield rice

but technicians from the Agronomic Research Institute were doubtful: Rice in

Chipembe? Never. How to get out of this deadlock?

Minister Mario Machungo went to Cabo Delgado and issued an order: Go ahead

with work on the Chipembe Dam. Shortly thereafter, the technical team submitted a draft and this was followed later on by the purchase of the necessary

equipment, totalling 27 units and adding up to $300,000. A new start was made

on the project in a clearer atmosphere.

Today

"Things have been changing for the better" for the past 2 years; today, the

project employs 286 workers, including stone masons, carpenters, and other

workers on a higher skill level. The Montepuez River has been placed under

control with, the help of thousands of cubic meters of sand, piled up methodically by the caterpillar tractors and trucks. The artificial lake which was

formed in this fashion extends for several meters [as published], storing the

water which is to irrigate the plantations through a floodgate.

When we visited Chipembe less than a year ago, the workers of the Integral

Construction Company of Cabo Delgado were busy making blocks to be used in

lining the dam. They told us that more than 20,000 units would be needed.

"This job is of extreme importance to the dam's life. In other words, this

is why the dam will not break up due to the erosion caused by rain water and

the wind and this is why we have to line it with blocks," one of the CICAD

Ilntegral Construction Company of Cabo DelgadoJ officials told us; he then

added that "the crushed rock we are using here, we had to bring in from

Nakhoma." "We have 12 workers there, equipped with a compressor and a hammer,

that is, -jackhammers,Hhe said.

The dam's lining will be put in simultaneously with the construction of the

spillway for water level control. After that comes the electrification phase

which will complete the work on the construction of Chipembe.

The workers from CICAD assured us that they can meet the dam completion date,

that is in 1985. But they are somewhat cautious on account of the equipment

and the'fuel. Concerning the first point,they .deplored the lack of spare parts

i

80
J

and accessories to repair some of the damaged machinery without which they

cannot do the work at the same speed. "As for fuel, it is scarce although,

so far, we have not been forced to suspend construction work."

5058

CSO: 3442/31

81
MOZAMBIQUE

GOALS OF NATIONAL RAILROAD SCHOOL DESCRIBED

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 11 Oct 83 PP 8-9

[Address by National Railroad School Director Pedro Joel: "The Euphoria Is

Over, Training Must Begin"]

[Excerpts] The railroads gave various training courses until

1977 which did the railroads little good because they were

administered on a rather emotional basis. After the "training

course fever" a new phase began, starting in 1977. Training

was given in a different context, there was no more euphoria,

with everybody taking courses, "even applicants who did not

have any elementary education at all," said Pedro Joel, Director, National Railroad School, located in the city of Inhambane.

After the much-discussed failures leading up to 1977 and after the new guidelines had been drafted, the National Railroad School was officially opened in

1979.

Students attending standard courses graduated from that school with the 9thclass equivalency diploma. Applicants were supposed to have a 6th-class

diploma. Ways of mutual assistance were studied through contacts with DINET

(National Directorate of Technical Education), as well as the MEC (Ministry of

Education and Culture).

"But in the meantime other problems had arisen. We had a shortage of equipment

of teaching staff, and financial support, among other things. On the other

hand, we ran into practical questions. What courses should we give?

"Is it possible to train machinists in a school of this kind? Is it possible

to train milling-machine operators and mechanics? What about the other

specialties?

"In the end it was decided to give training courses in eight specialties:

Right of way, operations, traction, signalling and communications, diesel

traction mechanics, diesel-electric traction, steam engine workshop, and shunting operations.

"This planning process took some time and even after everything had been outlined, there were still some problems left. What about the instructors? The

MEC did not guarantee the resolution of this question," Pedro Joel revealed.

82
The railroads had to let some of their production supervisors (on the middle

and higher level) go and hire some aliens.

Installations in Other Hands

The Secretariat of State for Development of the Incomati and Limpopo Valley

took over the school's facilities in 1981 and 1982.

"There was a negotiated agreement to the effect that the support facilities

would be ceded for the training of some agricultural-livestock supervisory

personnel," Pedro Joel said.

A part of the school complex was occupied in 1982 by Public Works. This is

why the railroad sector did not give any courses during that period of time.

Training Executive Personnel

In the end, training courses were begun in three specialties: Movement operations, track, and engineers (traction).

The courses in each special field are subdivided into two parts. Looking at

the right of way, for example, we have Level 1 which provided elementary

knowledge on the techniques in the preservation of railroad lines; on Level

2, the subject matter is covered more in depth. Tools are supplied to teach

the trainees how to straighten the track, to solve problems that might come

up in the work sector, to change tracks, to make angle pieces and bisectrixes

and to do the grading. The two levels take a minimum of 12 [illegible in

original] months. The subject matter is taught so as to be immediately useful.

"Entrance examinations are given at the school, not before. We have trainees

with us who were selected from all provinces, except for Cabo Delgado, because

there are no railroad lines there," he added. Are the country's special

activities taken into account in planning the courses?

"Since we have to train men who can get things done, the training methods as

such must be tied in with the country's real situation. These individuals

cannot be trained in any other country because the practical field work varies

from one country to the next. It is impossible to train Mozambican executive

personnel in France because the operating procedures are different. The

French have mechanized and computerized almost everything whereas we only have

what we have," Pedro Joel replied.

5058

CSO: 3442/31

83
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

FISHING ENTERPRISE—The Mozambique-Soviet fishing company Mosopesca fulfilled

86 percent of its annual plan up to last month. It has caught more than 5,000

tons of fish and 200 tons of prawns. According to Mosopesca's director, the

enterprise expects to fulfill its fish harvesting target. However, the same

does not apply to prawns, because daily catches have dropped due to the

drought. A total of 10 Mozambican workers are undergoing specialized training in the Soviet Union, and 10 others are attending a refresher course in

Maputo. [Text] [MB131245 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 13

Nov 83]

CSO: 3442/38

84
NAMIBIA

NATIONALIST PARTY MINORITY POWER TREND CRITICIZED

Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 5 Oct 83 p 4

[Editorial: "The Party of Doubt"]

[Text] In yesterday's executive committee meeting the South-West's Nationalist

Party held its doors open for participation to both the National Council and

the multi-party conference. This is something that ought to be welcomed.

However, reservations and indolence are once again simply astonishing.

That party looks at the chance to participate in a multiparty conference with

the view that such a gathering of parties "can serve an important purpose as

a forum for exchanging thoughts and getting to know each other better," but

the party feels extremely uneasy about the fact that such a conference "can

degenerate into a decision making body and a pressure group by the majority."

In other word:

1. What the South-West Nationalist party wants is that the multiparty conference must be nothing more than a club—a gathering "for exchanging thoughts"

and a place where those present can meet for the purpose of "getting to know

each other."

Must South-West Africa's future be made dependent on a political club like

this?

2. The thing that supports this club idea even more is the fact that the party

is so terribly afraid that decisions would be made there.

Apparently the will of the majority must not pervade.

The question arises as to whether the South-West's Nationalist Party would

feel uneasy if the right to decision making Is not granted to that party.

Through the years it had acquired the habit of making decisions over others

from a minority position. This is also what it tried to do in the National

Assembly.

85
It wanted to impose its will on the established structure of authority and do

so from a minority position.

Moreover, this immediately brings under suspicion that party's demand that the

government of South Africa ought not allow "the legally established rights

of existing constitutional establishments" to be impaired.

Where was the protest of the South-West's Nationalist Party when Mr Danie

Hough, the previous administrator general, dissolved the National Assembly

and the Ministerial Council?

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86
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

MORE PORTUGUESE COOPERATION SOUGHT

Lisbon OJORNAL in Portuguese 28 Oct 83 "2d0 Caderno" Suppl. pp IV-V

[Text] Prospects for cooperation between Portugal and the

RDSTP (Democratic Republic of Sao Tome e Principe) were

boosted after the successful and on-schedule completion of

work on the improvement and expansion of that African country's

airport—a job done by a Portuguese enterprise.

The project, awarded to the firm of Ramalho Rosa, Lda.^at the end of 1980,

was financed to the extent of 40 percent by the Algerian Development Bank

(about $3 million in nonreturnable funds) and, for the rest, by the RDSTP and

the Portuguese government; the total value came to $6,742,000 at 1980 prices.

The work was begun only in 1982 because of inadequate conditions and the

central portion of the project was completed in September of that year. Only

some secondary work (painting and landscaping) remains to be done; this job

was started recently and will be completed during this month.

The extension of the Sao Tome Airport's runway to 2,200 meters will enable

Boeing-707 aircraft to land there; it was agreed that TAP [Portuguese Air

Transports] would start a direct run or would make a stopover on that airport

as part of its normal runs to Angola and South Africa.

It is furthermore hoped that the planned visit by President Ramalho Eanes to

this young African nation—for which no specific date has been set as yet—

might coincide with the opening of this airline and with the formal inauguration of the new runway.

Pinto da Costa wants Portuguese Cooperation

The satisfaction with which Sao Tome authorities welcomed the activities of

the Ramalho Rosa, Lda. Enterprise throughout this entire effort was expressed

by an audience which President Pinto da Costa gave to Manuel Machado Soares,

partner-manager of that enterprise which is working in Africa for the first

time.

During this meeting, the supreme leader of the RDSTP argued that cooperation

between the two peoples is a very strong tendency which the will of the rulers

can stregthen but which it would be difficult to impede.

87
In an apparent reference to Portuguese authorities, concerning the need for

greater cooperation between hoth countries, Pinto da Costa said that "when a

man is sick, the fact that the doctor speaks his language already cures him

50 percent."

In statements to 0 JORNAL, Machado Scares—who believes that we are "on the

threshold of broader cooperation"—stressed the "true team spirit," which he

encountered among all agencies that cooperated in this effort, especially the

Ministry of Transportation and Communications and the Ministry of Industries

of S. Tome, respectively, the project operator and the supervisory agency,

the Institute for Economic Cooperation, as project coordinator, ANA [expansion

unknown], EP .[expansion unknown], as the designing and planning outfit, and

Ramalho Rosa, Lda., as the construction enterprise.

"There was always a concern for finding the best solution and, even from the

technical viewpoint technical cooperation was better than we sometimes get in

Portugual itself," Machado Soares said.

This good understanding was the result of the fact that Sao Tome assigned its

best supervisory personnel to work with the Portuguese Enterprise while the

latter, in turn, conducted training courses for those individuals, particularly

concerning work with the equipment necessary for the project; under the provisions of the contract, that equipment will remain in Sao Tome.

This good coooperation was extended to the Algerians who had a permanent

supervisor for the technical part. Furthermore stressing the interest which

Algeria has in this type of undertaking, that country's prime minister and

minister of veterans visited the work site.

Delay in Payment May Harm New Projects

However, some problems are arising now regarding payment of expenditures as a

result of the updating of prices (the project was calculated at 1980 prices)

and due to the secondary work which is in the completion phase.

On the basis of the positions adopted by various Portuguese missions in the

field of cooperation, Sao Tome as a matter of fact does not doubt that Portugal

would finance those costs—something which, as a matter of fact, has not yet

happened.

As a matter of fact, Ramalho Rosa, Lda., is now waiting for the payment of

$3.5 million connected with the updating of prices and additional work.

The financial restriction policy, which the Ministry of Finance and Planning

has been implementing, seems to be behind this issue since the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs and the Secretariat of State for Cooperation have been concerned with boosting the development of relations between Portugal and the

new Portuguese-speaking African countries. It was learned, for example, that

some big Portuguese enterprises are contemplating various projects involving

considerable amounts of money for Sao Tome. However, as Machado Soares said,

"We cannot predict up to what point the failure to pay for this project which

we are doing might hinder all those other projects."

88
One thing is certain: Ramalho Rosa, Lda., does not want to stop working in

that African country partly also Because this is "a pleasant market where

we already know all the necessary channels."

There is no lack of work: "There are many requirements and prospects for small

projects. All that is lacking is financing from the World Bank, from the EEC,

and from the Portuguese for all this to materialize," Machado Soares concluded.

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89
SENEGAL

ABDOU DIOUF ACCUSED OF DODGING NATIONAL SOLIDARITY ISSUE

Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French No 91 Sep 83 p 1

[Article by Less Coura: "No, Abdou Diouf!"]

[Text] To be a good professional politician, one must first be a good charlatan and a talented mystifier. Abdou Diouf is now trying through his national

consensus, to bring together all the local charlatans and mystifiers at the

bedside of our ailing economy.

This will not improve the situation of our country nor the material conditions

of existence of our people. What change could an alliance between the PS and

the PDS bring to our workers? Already negotiations for the sharing of ministerial posts are apparently under way.

And President Diouf, failing to be the president of all the Senegalese, must

settle for being the head of a governmental coalition in which the PDS is to

have a single minister (that of Water Resources), a charge d'affaires at the

president's house, and perhaps a few unimportant management positions. Fara

Ndlaye, for his part, is apparently already prepared to succeed Samba Yela

Diop, which will not reduce the price of rice per kilogram to less than 130

CFA.

If Abdou Diouf, 2 years after the initiation of unrestricted democracy, is already eager to create the conditions for a return to a unified party, it is

only because he has something in mind.

No forecast calamity could justify this frenzied agitation over the supposed

national consensus. The political parties that respect the achievements of

our democracy do not have the right to throw up their hands in the face ot

the sacrifices and patience that the struggle for change implies.

If at least there were a consensus within the PS on the national consensus,

the step of President Diouf would have been comprehensible. But what is

currently going on behind the scenes indicates that Diouf will have to walk

over the dead bodies of a lot of his yesterday's companions within the PS

in order to realize his wonderful dream.

90
Will yesterday's companions agree, without a fight, to be sacrificed on the

altar of a dupe alliance between the general secretary of the PS and his new,

intimate friend Abdoulaye Wade?

Bara Diouf, journalist of "Soleil," has just discovered that the PS, of which

he is the managing member, has a few "black sheep" in it. All parties in

power, in every country in the world, have a few black sheep in them.

In our country, these black sheep are known. Those who, against all morality,

against all civic responsibility, against all humanism, have just sold off the

provisions destined to tide over the striken populations of the river region

are not phantoms. If, in order to sanction them, Abdou Diouf needs the green

light from Mr. Wade, he is betraying the contract of confidence that binds him

to our people.

The last manager of the Equalization Fund, who favored the signing of a contract of over a billion for the storage of cereals, is not a phantom. At

last word, he is on vacation on the Riviera with his wife and five children.

Instead of asking him for the accounts, we are going hammer and tongs for the

Senegalese society, which had benefited from the contract, in order to eliminate it for a traditional French society.

Our ambassador to Paris, who only works when he pleases, who doesn't care a

bit about the fate of our emigrated compatriots, and who blithely runs counter

to presidential decrees, is not a phantom either.

But, from the look of it, the consensus with Wade is a prerequisite to any

sanction. While we're at it, why not make Fara Ndlaye minister of the

interior?

It is true, as my colleague Charles Vial of "Le Monde" recently wrote, that

"a country in crisis in a world in crisis needs, more than ever, to feel a

solidarity within itself."

But here in Senegal, the question of national solidarity is being dodged.

And President Diouf will take the responsibility for this in history.

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91
SENEGAL

MUSLIM FUNDAMENTALISTS REPORTEDLY SEEK UPHEAVAL OF SOCIETY

Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French No 92, 25 Oct 83 p 2

[Text] For some time we have been observing a stepping up of agitation

of Moslem integrist elements in our country. No longer are they satisfied with public preaching on the sidewalk to crowds of believer idlers.

Now they are calling for an overturning of Senegalese society, which

would disappear in its present form to be reborn in the form of an

Islamic republic.

It is primarily the Jammatu Ibadour Rahmane, one of the numerous Islamic

associations spreading in the country, that is setting the tone. At its

dinner debate it demanded establishment of an Islamic republic, with the

argument that 90 percent of the country's population is Moslem. A

timid debate then began in LE SOLEIL, and a few aroused people, convinced, who themselves affirm that "no one in Senegal dares to attack Islam

directly," took advantage to point out lay individuals for public condemnation. It should be emphasized that this term, in their understanding, applies not only to the state, which respects and protects freedom

of religious conscience, but also to all individuals who have had the

misfortune to attend a French school or to assume the French style of

life, even if they remain devoted to Islam—very often their religion of

origin—but without pointless excess.

Hate of laity reaches the absurd with DJAMRA. We can understand this

sheet using anything it can find to break into the currently difficult

information field. However, when it affirms, in all seriousness, that

"Islam is part of the intrinsic values of Senegal" and that it is the

target of a "political, moral, economic, and ideological aggression all

under the veil of one term: laity," our ancestors must turn over in

their graves, those who defended Senegal at the price of their lives

against the bloody incursions of the Trarza Moors, who invaded our

country with the Koran in one hand and the sword in the other.

That is to say that Islam is as foreign to "our intrinsic values" as the

the Arab has no relationship to the serere or the diola.

In the name of whom or of what then does DJAMRA call on "Moslems to take

the offensive to capture the bastions of imperialism and its servants,

who, by persisting in the path of laity, each day sow the seeds of

instability and threat to the national unity."

This amiable colleague who reduces laity to a simple Trojan horse used

in turn by imperialism and neocolonialism itself provides the answer to

this question. 92
It is because "the majority (Moslem) is regarded as a minority, and the

minority (the Westernized lay people) is regarded as the majority."

The plan is thus clear: whether it be the Jammatu people or the individuals who hide behind Djamra, it is less a question of God, in reality, than of using Islam to plunge the country into disorder and thus

increase the prospect of overthrowing the existing government.

In summary, this is a political war that has been raging in our country

since the February election, a war being conducted under the cloak of

Islam, presented as the panacea for all our problems.

We can now better understand the semantic relationship that "Yaakaar"

tries to draw between the political message of Mamadou Dia and the

sermon on the Tabaski by El Hadj Abdoul Aziz Sy, the Tidiane chief

caliph. This bravado is pushed to the point of pure and simple blackmail by arguing that those who threw a stone at the leader of the MPD

[expansion unknown] should logically also do the same to the caliph.

Then they recall that 3 years ago the former president had published a

book entitled: "Islam and Negro-African Civilizations." Thus, they get

it out of the drawer and extract a paragraph in which it is stated that

Islam "by its gift of synthesis, political vocation, and sense of the

state (is) the instrument par excellence for a modern reorganization of

society, an effective ideology for territorial entities..."

It was understandable that Mamadou Dia, who regarded himself as the

father of morality and the supreme guardian of high morals for Senegal,

after an unproductive foray into Marxism, should have turned too

sharply toward Islam. In the twilight of a confused career, full of

bitterness, Islam appeared to him as the last resort in order to regain

the power that he had lost at least 2 decades before.

More surprising is that the "Takusaan" group should lend its support to

this destabilizing enterprise, for we believed Mr Wade to be a liberal

and a democrat in the purest tradition. Yet now his paper is opening

its columns, whole pages, to the one who passes for our local

Ayatollah: Ahmed Khalifa Niasse.

That old horse, who served time in prisons in Niger and Senegal because

he indulged in sowing seeds of Islamic revolution for the benefit of

his sponsor Al-Qadhdhafi, has thus emerged from his reserve to threaten

with his vituperation the existing government, the democratic institutions, the prominent religious families (which are obstacles in his

path, and, of course, all who regard themselves as laity.

We have the right to ask the question: what interest could associate Mr

Wade with a man for whom the constitution is a mere scrap of paper if

not the prospect of sharing roles in the new society that is to be

built on the rubble of the present society, sullied as it is by the

laity?

Fortunately, this is not about to happen, for Senegal's true Moslems

have been practicing Islamic religion for a thousand years and have

never needed to cut off heads in order to feel faithful to Mohammad.

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SENEGAL

BRIEFS

SPANISH WHEAT DONATION—-The Spanish Government yesterday gave our

country 2,000 tons of grain worth 150 million CFA francs. The ceremony

took place on pier 2 of Dakar Independent Port in the presence of the

assistant to the commissioner for food aid, Mamadou Dieng, and the

charge d'affaires of the Spanish Embassy in Senegal, Sarda Enrique. The

gift follows the appeal by our country aimed at meeting this year's food

shortage. It will be used exclusively to finance development and

cooperation projects. In his speech, Mamadou Dieng recalled that there

had been an earlier manifestation of Spanish-Senegalese friendship in

1982 with a gift of 2,000 tons of grain. He said: "Your country has

come forward again to help us get through this difficult period." He

also said that the establishment within the next few weeks of a

Spanish-Senegalese counterpart fund will inaugurate a fruitful

cooperation between our two countries. He also emphasized that the

establishment also of an ad hoc Spanish-Senegalese committee will

enable careful programing of the counterpart funds and their rational

use. Sarda Enrique declared that Spain is very happy to present this

gift to Senegal as a contribution to the already fruitful cooperation

between our two countries. He announced that his country will be

providing another gift in the coming months. [Text] [Dakar LE S0LEIL

in French 26 Oct 83 p 4] 9920

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94
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENT ON U. SQ CHANGE OF VIEWS ON ZIMBABWE GOVERNMENT

Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 17 Oct 83 p 10

[Editorial: "Angry and Full of Shame?"]

[Text] The first reaction on reading the reports that Mr Robert Mugabe

has so upset the Yanks that the Reagan Administration is considering

slashing U.S. aid to Zimbabwe by one-half is: One does not blame them.

All the praises for Mugabe and his experiment in independence, bestowed

by the United States, have been just too much to be believed.

While fingers have been pointed at South Africa and this country has been

charged with the destabilization of its neighbor, Mr Mugabe has been

able to get away with murder, and this is not always a matter of speaking

figuratively.

For reasons of their own it was important for the United States and

Britain to see the "democratic" experiment in Zimbabwe succeed and they

had closed their eyes to the events that were negating this while the

die was cast and had permeated beyond expectations for too long.

But U.S. patience with the undemocratic democrat suddenly ran short

when Zimbabwe refused to vote in favor of a U.S„ motion at the UN

condemning Russia for the shooting-down of the Korean passenger aircraft.

It took the United States a rather long time to realize that it had

mounted the wrong horse„

So, their anger is understandable; but even in international politics

nobody feels as angry as the one who is both angry and full of shame!

If only they have learned theis lesson!

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95
SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. AMBASSADOR LAUDED, APPRAISED SIMULTANEOUSLY

Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 17 Oct 83 p 10

[Editorial: "Help to Prevent That"]

[Text] Ambassador Herman W. Nickel is a valued diplomat in South Africa and

this is also due to his ability to look at the sometimes past U.S. ideology

and realize the realities of our country and its peoples.

His address last Friday before the World Business Council Conference in Capetown attests to his observation abilities. An appreciative observation will

also be taken of the fact that he elucidated to his choice audience the changes

which have taken place for the good of our country.

Money from the U.S. private sector is also contributing to the training effort

and investors from the United States contribute to the country's economy.

It is regrettable to see instances where capitalism is equated to "apartheid"

by many South African black peoples, due to the fact that they are still

mostly excluded from its benefits. Moreover, political agitators, hiding behind their own ambitions, are misusing this (hopefully temporary) situation.

As Mr Nickel rightfully advocated the answer is that such people be involved

in the system as soon as possible and to their advantage. Also, that the

western world will do harm to itself if it leans toward actions aimed at subverting South African economy.

However, Mr Nickel committed the same error as many other South Africa analysts

when he turned to projections of black population numbers. He came up with the

impossible demand that the economy and the state must accommodate these numbers.

If these predictions come true it will be impossible for the South African

economy to provide for the earning requirements of the new millions, not to

speak of the higher standards of living. Moreover, the state, whose income is

limited by the extent of the economy, will likewise be unable to provide all

the necessary services.

U.S. aid efforts in South Africa will best serve the cause of their own investors and that of the black peoples of South Africa by also concentrating on

96
the sort of training and information which can contribute in preventing that

prediction of population explosion.

Uncontrolled population growth is one of the greatest threats confronting the

world during the next 50 years. Hunger, disease, misery and violence, which

will ensue from it, can destroy more people than even a nuclear war.

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97
SOUTH AFRICA

COLORED LEADER DISCUSSES CONSTITUTION, POLITICS

Johannesburg DIE VEDERLAND in Afrikaans 17 Oct 83 p 2

[Interview with Jac Rabie, Transvaal Leader of the Colored Labor Party.

Article by Tinus Grobler: "South Africa Is Our Homeland - Rabie"]

[Text] Johannesburg — "If Gatsha Buthelezi wants the Labor Party to withdraw

from the new political order of things then he must also withdraw from his

homeland government in KwaZulu." This is the lashing given by Jac Rabie, the

Transvaal leader of the Labor Party.

DIE VADERLAND spoke with Mr Rabie on the subject of the coming referendum and

what the new political order of things will mean for the 2.6 million coloreds

of South Africa.

Question: What are the coloreds really thinking about the new political order

of things?

Answer: This is a sensitive subject. Deep within themselves they are of the

opinion that provisions must also be made for the blacks, but there are differences on how this has to be done. There is still dissention among the blacks

and this is something which they themselves must resolve. As far as the coloreds

are concerned, it is our right to govern ourselves.

Quetion: What is worrying the coloreds with respect to the new order?

Answer: The question has come up as to how much we can actually achieve by

serving in the government. The new constitution is still based on racial classification, group areas and the likes of these. This is bothering the people,

because they have had to submit to discrimination for so many years. But in

general we feel that we are finally being recognized as full fledged citizens

of South Africa.

Question: In other words the coloreds now feel that there is now a future for

them.

Answer: Without a doubt. But there are those who are still angry, because we

are still "coloreds." With the new order of things we will be able to show that

we love this country just as much as the other races.

98
The coloreds have themselves experienced an identity crisis. We have never

known where we belong—with our white or with our black forefathers; but the

opportunity is now there to reconcile with each other. People must now give

us a chance.

Question: What about the alternative?

Answer: It is too horrible to think of it—our country would go up in flames.

Many people are saying that with this order of things we are moving back 100

years. I would be glad to move back 100 years. In those times people had the

right to vote for me and I had the right to become a minister.

Question: What about the views of other parties and organizations?

Answer: One thing is sure: The one-man-one-vote system will not work here.

If people think that they can bring about a complete turnaround they are making

a mistake. Disorder will be rampant. The government has now created the

opportunity for people to confront each other face to face for ironing out

problems.

Question: Recently there has been a lot of pressure on the Labor Party in

getting it to withdraw from the new order scheme.

Answer: That is true. As in the past they wanted us to stand aside until

they found a solution from the concoctions they have dreamed about. They will

have to realize that thus far the coloreds had never yet had the opportunity

of living up to their political ideal. Now we will be able to work from within

in finding a more acceptable solution for all.

Question: Isn't the pressure from black organizations upsetting?

Answer: Of course it is; but they too must realize that they do have a measure

of political points of expression which we do not have. Buthelezi is seated

over a legislative body where he can produce legislations to his heart's content. But in particular he likes to condemn the Labor Party.

If he wants us to forfeit our right, then he must do the same; he must give up

his own ruling power. I have spoken with many black people who are terribly

happy about the new order of things, because being inside the government we

can now also fight for them—this is something Which Buthelezi cannot endure.

Question: What about the white parties that are opposed to the new order.

Answer: I hardly have the energy to sufficiently condemn the Conservative

Party. I must simply add that I have spoken with as many members of the Conservative Party as those of the Progressive Federal Party who are going to

vote "yes" in the referendum. These are logical thinkers; however, the Conservative Party's policy of an unidentified homeland for the coloreds is a lot

of trash.

99
South Africa is our homeland. Our forefathers did not come from Europe or

from the north of Africa—no, we were created here by both groups. We do

not have descendants from any other parts of the world.

Question: And the Progressive Federal Party?

Answer: They are going to go over and over the fact that the blacks are being

left out, but if we must withdraw now we too will be most surely left out.

We do not have a KwaZulu or a Bophuthatswana where we could have a say in the

interim. Like the other black leaders both Mangope and Buthelezi also have

whites in their governments, but there is not a single colored or Indian in

their governments. Presently, we are excluded from both white and black

governments. What must we. do? This is my question put to the Progressive

Federal Party.

Question: How do you view the future of the coloreds?

Answer: Better, but not suddenly a rosy one. There are many gaps in the new

constitution which need to be filled. It is nice to shout, but to accept so

great a responsibility is another story. One thing is certain, the colored

can no longer hang in a political vacuum—that is not the way to engender love

of country.

Question: In other words, the whites must vote "yes" on 2 November.

Answer: Assuredly so. A "yes" vote will show us that the whites are willing

to work together for the future of our beautiful country.

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SOUTH AFRICA

COLOREDS BRIDGE TO TOTAL INTEGRATION, HNP WARNS

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 12 Oct 83 p 6

[Editorial: "No Alternative"]

[Text] By word of mouth from its leader, Mr Jaap Marais, the HNP

[Reconstituted Nationalist Party] has reasserted that it views the

constitutional future of the coloreds in terms of their having their

own territorial area. The party has held this viewpoint ever since

its establishment, because the course being followed by the government

with respect to -the colored was then all too clear.

Even then influential figures of the Nationalist Party were starting

to make noises indicating their vision of a joint future for whites

and coloreds and that this bond in destiny would extend as far as the

constitution. Therefore, the HNP acted with farsightedness and made it

quite plain that it opposes bringing the whites and the coloreds into

a single political scheme of things.

Naturally this was not a popular policy, because it did not offer a

neat "solution" of the problem. For the main part the coloreds are

scattered over the greater portion of the Cape Province and to a lesser

degree in other provinces as well. This demographic reality has led

opponents of this policy to raise the question as to where to create

such a homeland.

The HNP's answer to this has always been that the greatest number of

coloreds are concentrated in a particular area and that this area must

serve as the nucleus of a future colored state. With respect to this

there is little difference between the coloreds and most of the black

peoples. Whatever applies to the black peoples should also apply to

the coloreds. When the HNP assumes power it will order a thorough study

aimed at a practical solution by setting up a homeland for the coloreds.

The necessity for such a solution is great, because the whites have no

alternative. If a territorial region of their own is not assigned to the

colored population it will continue to grow side by side with the white

population and then separate political final destiny for the two groups

will be totally impossible.

101
Bridgehead for Blacks

In such a process of increasing integration the coloreds will naturally

serve as a bridgehead for the blacks as a means of also obtaining

political rights in the white area. In the long run the whites will

not be able to go on denying such demands, because the acceptance of

the coloreds in the white political order of things will of necessity

means the obliteration of the color dividing line in politics...a process

which is going on right now.

Thus the idea of a colored homeland must not be considered in isolation.

It will not only serve as a means of preventing a mixing of whites and

coloreds, but also as a means of protecting the whites against an ultimate

black domination. Without it the whites will continue to run the risk

of becoming the prey of a black majority government.

Moreover, a colored homeland will also represent the logical fulfillment

of the policy of separate development. Although in the course of the

fifties and sixties the Nationalist Party launched its policy of separate

national states for the various black nations they neglected to consistently

extend this policy to the coloreds. The reason for this must not be sought

in the fact that this, so to speak, would have been "impractical," but

probably in the presence of strong pressure groups within the party who

wanted a solution along the lines of integration, even though they did

not come out and say so openly.

The whites have already learned a few hard lessons in their search for

a solution of the coloreds problem. Figuring among these is the failure

of a common voters list, because of the fact that this turned the

coloreds into a football of white politics and because of the refusal

of the coloreds to accept the Representative Colored Council. Now one

can already predict that the most recent experiment, that of bringing

the coloreds into Parliament, is also doomed to failure. Ultimately

we will have to look once again to the possibility of a homeland for the

coloreds and this even by those who now revile such an idea. There is

simply no alternative.

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SOUTH AFRICA

LABOR BOYCOTT CONSIDERED AN EXERCISE IN FUTILITY

Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrakaans 17 Oct 83 p 12

[Article by Erich Leistner: "Labor Boycott Will Not Hurt South Africa"]

[Text] In recent years there has been a tendency among some African

countries to discourage their citizens from going to work in South Africa.

In the course of a recent conference of the Southern Africa Labor

Commission, of which Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mosambique, Swaziland,

Zambia and Zimbabwe are members, the latter's labor minister stated that

this withdrawal of workers is also aimed at weakening South Africa and,

in so doing, contribute to the "liberation struggle."

In line with the recommendations of the International Labor Organization

some of the states intend to withdraw their workers gradually over a

period of 15 years and by the utilization of levies, which must be

paid by South African employers, establish a fund to be used in the

creation of alternative job opportunities financed within those states.

Along with this there are threats such as the immediate withdrawal of

workers and the impounding of South African assets,,

Unfortunately for the labor supplying countries this plan entails

disastrous consequences for them, because this will only speed up the

replacement of foreign workers in South Africa with local workers.

In light of the growing black labor force in South Africa and in

sister states such as Transkei and Bophuthatswana the employment of

foreign migratory workers is moreover hard to justify.

The number of foreign workers in South Africa has already decreased

from nearly 500,000 in 1974 to 282,000 in 1982. Seventy-seven percent of

these are working in mines. In 1974, 80 percent of all workers recruited

by TEBA (Employment Office) for South African mines were foreign workers

as compared to only 40 percent in 1982. In some of the mines the number

of job seeking migrant workers in 1982 was twice as large as the job

opportunities available. In the agricultural industry the 144,00 foreign

workers employed in 1964 shrank to 15,000 in 1983.

103
There are mainly four reasons why at the present South African employers

are employing fewer foreign workers» First of all the threats, on the

part of the countries of origin, to terminate the supply of labor and

do so for political reasons—this coupled with their efforts to force

wages upwards. Secondly, the rising price of gold which has put the

mine company in a position of having had to increase the real wages of

untrained workers by about 280 percent in the period between 1970 with

the result that South African blacks started to show greater interest

in jobs at the mines.

Thirdly, the economic recession is also a contributing factor inducing

local workers, who cannot find jobs elsewhere, to turn to the mines.

Fourthly, the rising cost of labor, which runs to about 30 percent of

operational costs, without being accompanied by an increase in productivity, is leading to greater mechanization with the attendant utilization

of fewer, but more productive workers.

Despite the decrease in the number of foreign workers the amounts of

money which they send home shows an increase. In the case of Lesotho,

with its more or less 120,000 mine workers in South Africa, this amounted

to nearly 111 million rand in 1982 as compared with 28 million rand in

1978. The former figure could amount to something like one-fifth of

the country's national product of recent years. The total amount accrued

to neighboring countries last year from the earnings of their workers in

South Africa can be conservatively put at 550 million rand.

Actually the problems waiting for those neighboring states, wanting to

reduce the number of migrant workers in South Africa even further, are

much greater than those for South Africa, because their capacity for

providing alternative job opportunities falls much too short.

7964

CSO: 3401/13

104
SOUTH AFRICA

PRIVATE SECTOR URGED TO PROMOTE ECONOMIC TIES WITH REST OF AFRICA

Johannesburg SAKE RAPPORT in Afrikaans 16 Oct 83 p 4

[Article by Arnold van Huyssteen: "Trade with Africa Will Shrink Still Further, But The Longer Outlook Offers Great Opportunities to South Africa"]

[Text] During the next 2 years South Africa's trade with the rest of Africa

is going to shrink still further due to the negative influence of the recession

and the great dearth of international loan funds.

At the same time there has now arisen an excellent opportunity for the private

sector to strengthen South Africa's trade ties with the rest of Africa on a

longer term. The climate is right, because African countries have a tremendous requirement for training, technological, as well as financial aid, according to Mr Jan Bouwer, executive director of the Credit Guarantee Insurance

Corporation (Kredietwaarborg-Versekeringskorporasie).

In talking with SAKE RAPPORT Mr Bouwer said that there is now a new spirit of

realism in the international economic field. The Reagan government's economic

policy has now also encountered a downfall in the stricter loan policy of the

IMF. Underdeveloped countries of the Third World are being forced to face the

facts with respect to their terrible economic conditions.

The enormous flow of money, stimulated by the need of international banks to

invest billions of petrol dollars, dried up a long time ago and African countries can no longer "count on" massive loans and aid programs.

He therefore expects a climate of greater economic realism which is perhaps

being reflected by the current visit to Portugal and to other Western countries.

by Mozambique's President Samora Machel. More and more countries of the Third

World have come to realize that Socialism does not feed hungry mouths.

Mr Bouwer says that for South Africa this implies a good opportunity for strengthening our trade and economic ties with African countries. In the international economic field Africa is moreover the weakest and South Africa's knowhow, experience and economic success formulas in the circumstances of Africa

are urgently needed for pointing out the right direction.

105
Cuss Word

Mr Bouwer says that although the state must help by creating the right climate

and by keeping open the communication channels it is up to the private sector

to extend a helping hand to Africa.

But the prerequisite is that we ourselves must be confirmed followers of the

free-market system and of the profit motivation as the best means of resolving

Africa's compounded economic problems.

In those instances where many of the black nations still regard "profit" as

a capitalistic cuss word, their attention must be drawn to the fact that the

capitalistic system is the only one in the world which has proven to be successful. Even Bophuthatswana is a good example of this.

Even countries like France are now learning the hard lesson that in practice

Socialism leads only to economic and financial chaos, while to a large measure

the Eastern Block countries are also dependent on Western credit.

The lessons of countries like the United States, Britain, Japan and West Germany

must therefore be taken to heart and passed on to Africa. But this help must

be given on a profit basis and thoughts of "free gifts" must be suppressed.

Zambia

Mr Bouwer points to Malawi as an example of the success of the capitalistic

system. Although 2 decades ago this little country was one of the poorest in

Africa, today the general living and development standards there are better

than in countries such as Zambia, Tanzania and Uganda where the socialist

experiment has failed miserably.

Countries like Malawi, Mozambique, Zaire, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Swaziland and

Lesotho are carrying on trade with South Africa openly, while many other countries have strong "under the table" trade ties with South Africa.

South African companies and employers organization such as ASSCOM [Association

of Chambers of Commerce of South Africa], the Afrikaans Trade Institute and

the GKN [sic] should now concentrate their attention in building ties with

African countries and, if necessary, do so through third party countries. The

requirement is that such ties must be built on a business basis and founded

on a profit motivation.

By so doing it is possible to establish strong ties capable of bridging over

political and ideological differences and insuring that South Africa will enjoy

the long term benefit of a growing and sound two-way trade traffic with those

countries. The good fruits of the advance work now being done during Africa s

"blackest period" can thus be plucked later on.

SAFTO, [the South African Export Promotion Organization], is the entity which

can provide excellent counsel and advice to any prospective exporter or to

other organizations. Although the Credit guarantee Insurance Corporation is

106
not actively involved with promotional work, it too can provide realistic help

and insurance advice.

The Credit Guarantee Insurance Corporation has already been actively involved

in the financing and construction of the Cabora Bassa Dam, the construction of

sugar and cement factories in Mozambique and Malawi, the construction of the

railway from Malawi to Nacala and also many other projects in Botswana, the

TBVC countries [the four independent homelands] and elsewhere in Africa.

7964

CSO: 3401/14

107
SWAZILAND

FOOD CRISIS DUE TO INADEQUATE DISTRIBUTION

Storage Space Shortage

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 7 Oct 83 pp 1, 20

[Text] THE Government is facing a massive food

crisis due to lack of adequate distribution

and storage facilities.

While hundreds of Swazi families reach

starvation point in the rural areas, UN and

Chinese provided food is piling up in the

central storage centre in Matsapa.

Some of the food has been left on trucks

because there is no room for it in the central

storage.

Now the UN's

World Food Programme (WFO) has

decided to delay

deliveries so that consignments are

delivered at twoweekly intervals.

An official at the Central

Stores of the Ministry of

Agriculture and Cooperatives at Matsapha

said the situation was

desperate. Some of the food

was waiting in railway

trucks while arrangements

were being made to find

places to store it," he said.

"We have begun moving

some of the food to some of

the distribution points," he

told The Times "The exercise began on Monday, with

the first consignments going

to Sithobela. Meanwhile,

the railway charges for the

food that has hot be offloaded are mounting."

The official said that until all the food had been

stored properly, there could

be no distribution. >

The chairman of the

Manzini food aid distribution committee, Mr Rhodes

Nxumalo, had earlier told

The Times that food being

stored at Ngwempisi RDA

could not be distributed until all the emergency supplies had arrived.

Government could not

afford the expenses involved if the distribution were

to be done in two or more

phases, he said.

"If we were to distribute

the food at Ngwempisi, this

would entail starting all

over again when the rest of

the food has arrived."

"We have to do the

distribution all at oncetaking in the food we

received from the. Republic

of China and that donated

by the World Food Programme of the United Na108
tions.

Expensive

"If we do it one at a time,

government could not afford -the expenses because

transporting the food is expensive."

Mr Nxumalo "said some

ministries and departments

did not co-operate with the

distribution committee as

much as they should. Some

ministries and departments

expected the district offices

to bear all the expenses.

"The ministries and

department should realise

that this is a national

effort," Mr Nxumalo said.

"Each department or

ministry should provide

transport at its own expenses, so that we get this

food to the people as fast as

possible. They should stop

demanding that the district

offices should provide all

the coupons for petrol requisitions. Where do they

expent us to get the money

. from to cover the whole exercise?"

The acting principal

secretary for agriculture

and co-operatives, Mr

Gilbert Dlamini, said '.the

district distribution committees had full responsibility

to- ensure the food was

distributed. He conceded,

though, that the.available

facilities were not enough to

accommodate'all the food.

"You will agree with me

that hunger is something

that comes unexpectedly,"

he said.

"There is no way you can

plan how much'food aid

you will need at any given

time. We had planned that

the food would arrive in July because that is when real

hunger'sets in. But donors

are donors; you can't tell

them to deliver on such and

such a date. They have their

own problems."

Mr Dlamini appealed to

the identified families to

bear with the distribution

committees, as everything

was being done to speed up

operations.

The Republic of China

has donated 988 tons of

maize which was bought in

South Africa. The cost of

the maize and transport expenses amounted to

E200.000. The food is being

stored at the Ngwempisi

Rural Development Area.

• The United Nations,

through its World Food

Programme, has donated

3,880 tons of maize, 389

tons of beans and 194 ton

of vegetable oil.

A spokesman for the

WFP office in Mbabane

said part of the maize had

already arrived from Zimbabwe. The beans, she said,

left Maputo for Swaziland

on September 22. The oil

consignment was exptected

to arrive soon.

Meanwhile, rural communities are complaining

that they are starving.

Communities have said

government should resolve

their operational problems

to allaviate the hunger that

had hit many families who

Jid not get any crop

because of drought last

Remedy Plans

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 20 Oct 83 p 9

[Text]

THE distribution of food aid

to destitute families in the

Manzini district will begin

very soon.

The chairman of the food

aid distribution committee,

Mr Rhodes Nxumalo said

that his committee was only

awaiting for the official

signal from the Ministry of

Agriculture and

Cooperatives.

"We are presently

awaiting instructions from

the director of Agriculture,

Mr Victor Phungwayo", Mr

Nxumalo said. "We expect

to start any day now and the

ball is in the ministrys'

court."

109
The food aid has been

piling up at the government

storage depots particularly at

the Central Agricultural

Stores at Matsapha and the

Ngwempisi Rural Development Area.

The food aid comprises of

maize . donated by the

Republic of China and the

United Nations, as well as

beans and vegetable oil.

The distribution of the

food has *een beset byvarious problems including

transportation. Mr Nxumalo

said that although the

programme would start

soon, the distribution

committee still faced the

problem of transport.

The Minister for

Agriculture Mr A.K. Htoplrc

answering questions at a

press conference recently

said that the Swaziland Meat

Corporation had offered to

provide transport and fuel

toward the distribution

programme.

Recently deliveries offood

aid was delayed so that

consignments could be

delivered at two week

intervals.

This was so that some of

the food could be delivered

to the distribution points and

help to alleviate the

congestion at the central

stores.

Earlier, an official at the

central stores said that the

situation was getting

desperate with some of the

food waiting on the railway

trucks.

He told The Times that

they had started moving

some of. the food <to

distribution points from last

Monday. ..

"The distribution

excercise began test

Monday, with the first

consignments going ' *o

Sithobela", he said. Mr

Nxumalo said that the

programme had been

hindered by the fact that

government had to see to it

that the food was distributed

all at once.

He said that they had to

take into consideration the

cost of staggering the

distribution of the food,

whereas it would be cheaper

to give the food out all at

once.

"Wc arc on the verge ot

alleviating the problem that

we had at Ngwempisi RDA

and we hope that the

programme will get

underway very soon", Mr

Nxumalo.

CSO: 3400/214

110
SWAZILAND

DPM THANKS CHINA FOR MAIZE SHIPMENTS '

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 12 Oct 83 p 3

[Article by Vusie Gamedze]

[Text] THE Depyty p^

Minister Ben Nsibandze has expressed gratitude of China for providing Swaziland with

food aid.

Mr Nsibandze said

Swaziland is experiencing

the effects of last years'

drought and the Republic

of China came to the country's rescue by providing

hundreds of tons of maizeHe was speaking during

the 72nd Anniversary of the

National Day of the

Republic of China on Monday evening at the Royal

Swazi Spa convention Centre.

"The maize will answer a

real felt need in feeding the

thousands of Swazi poeple

who. otherwise would have

been victims of famine,"

said Nsibandze.

Mr Nsibandze also

thanked the Republic of!

China forihe various forms

oftechnical assistance it has

rendered to the country.

"Particularly the

agricultural extension provided by the Chinese

Agricultural Mission which

has penetrated in many

parts of the country and introducing new farming

techniques and new

varieties of maize and other

food crops," said Mr

Nsibandze.

He added that the

business world has

benefited from Chinese

business ventures through

participation and the provision of employment opportunities.

He urged that two countries to strive always to improve human understanding between nations and to

minimize the differences

that divide the two countries.

"The two countries have

demonstrated that although

divided by great distances

and traditions, they have

common interests and they

should strive to cultivate

these • interests for

posterity," said Mr

Nsibandze.

Strides

He said throughout the

long years the people of

China have been guided by

an esteemed leadership that,

has made praiseworthy and

remarkable strides in the

social, political and

economic development

fields.

"Swaziland will continue

to strive for harmony,

peace and human

understanding. The country

is also confident that as

long as it goes along the

footsteps of the late King

Sobhuza II it shall attain

it's national development

objectives," said Nsibandze. ;.

Speaking at the same occasion, Chinese Ambassador to Swaziland, Mr

Chou Tung-Hua said the

celebration marks the

remebrance of the late King

Sobhuzä II and Dr Sun YatSen who dedicated

themselves to the cause of

freedom and equality for

their respective countries.

"The exchange of visits

by many prominent leaders

and the close technical cooperation between the two

countries have yielded considerably Rood results.

CSO: 3400/214

111
SWAZILAND

DROUGHT CONDITIONS REMAIN CRITICAL FOR IRRIGATORS

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 25 Oct 83 p 3

[Article by G. H. M. Clark]

[Text] THE drought situation in

the north-eastern lowveld,

for irrigator's dependent on

the Komati river, remains

critical and serious.

Currently the situation is

that the water the consumers saved in the Sand

River Reservoir through rationing since January 1983,

is now being drawn off to

augment the low flow of the

Komati River in order to

maintain an irrigation water

supply level which is only

meeting fifty percent of the

crop requirements.

The Komati River supplied 4030 acre feet of water

in September while 2852

acre feet were drawn from

the Sand River Reservoir.

At the month end there

.were 9870 acre feet (28%)

of available (livestorage)

water in the Sand River

Reservoir and the Komati

River was supplying 70 acre

feet per day with 170 acre

feet being drawn from the

Sand River Reservoir.

Level

At this rate there is only

sufficient water in the Sand

River Reservoir to keep up

the present level of irrigation until end of November.

Thereafter consumers

will have to rely on the (low

of the Komati River and

this is likely to reduce further unless it rains in the

catchment. Without rain

consumers can expect only

10% of their requirements

to be met from the river

flow.

By further increasing the

severity of the rationing the

point when the Sand River

Reservor is empty can only

be delayed by days, rather

than by months as has been

achieved to date through rationing.

This position could have

occurred in Jannuary 1983

if consumers had not voluntarily accepted water rationing from April 1982. For

most of 1982 consumers

were given between 60 and

80% of their requirements

while for the whole of 1983

they have had less than 50%

of their requirements. The

early recognition of an impending water shortage, .

and rationing over a period

of 16 months, has kept the

consumers supplied with

some water.

This has avoided a

replant situation which

could have cost in the

region of E20 million and

meant the loss of a considerable number of jobs.

It is difficult to assess

what the sugar cane producers have lost as a result

of the 1982 and 1983

drought. The Mhlume Mill

Group, which has an

outstanding sugar quota

performance record, had

expected by now to be producing its allocated quota

of 163 000 tonnes. This

year's production is' likely

to be only 143 000 tonnes,

which means the growers

will, have suffered a collective loss of E6 million.

Last year (1983) the production was 158 000 tonnes

and the drop in revenue between 1982 and 1983 is

estimated at about E4.5

million.

In order to partly

alleviate future water shortages, the enlargement of

the canal and the raising of

the weir on the Komati, to

abstract the full water entitlement, was agreed and

planned in January 1983.

This was down with the

agreement of all the water

consumers from the IYSIS

weir and canal. CDC were

approached for a loan to

undertake this emergency

enlargement and Roberts

Construction commenced

work in April 1983.

Gibb Hawkins & Partners designed the enlargement estimated to cost E2.5

million.

With the weir and the

canal IYSIS are in a position to capture an additional 69 cusecs of flood

water which would otherwise end up in the Indian

Ocean.

The ability to capture this

additional flood flow will

have enormous benefits

once and Sand River Reservoir is empty.

Everything possible

which could reduce the

risks, has been undertaken.

CSO: 3400/214

112
SWAZILAND

GOVERNMENT WITHDRAWS WATER PRIVILEGES

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 20 Oct 83 p 6

[Article by Mandla Magagula]

[Text] The government is withdrawing certain privileges from some industries

over the use of water, water.

The Acting Minister for Works, Power and Communications, Mr Magangeni Magongo,

tabled the Water Amendment Bill before the senate yesterday.

The Bill repeals section 21 of the 1967 Water Act, which provides for certain

industries to be exempt from the provisions of section 18 of the same act.

"When the existing law was enected, there were some industries who were enjoying special privileges over the way they used water," Mr Magongo said.

"Since these industries had already been granted those privilages, the legislature felt it would be unfair to withdraw them since the duration of the

exemptions would expire some four to five years away.

Our circumstances have now changed. All users of water in the country should

apply to the Water Apportionment Board.

"In addition, such application should be published in the newspapers to enable

objectors to lodge their objections so that the board can take all the circumstances surrounding the application into consideration before reaching a

decision. 6

Mr Magongo stressed that companies using water for industries processes should

ensure that such water is treated and tested before being released back into

public streams for human consumption.

Anyone failing to comply with this requirement would be liable to prosecution.

He specifically named Usutu Pulp Company and Havelock Asbestos Mine as the two

concerns affected by the new legislation.

These two companies, he said, had an obligation to ensure that they treated

and tested the water they used before releasing it to public streams.

113
He recalled that on one occasion the holding dam at Usutu had burst and the

water contaminated the Usutu River.

"That accident resulted in livestock and water life dying," Mr Magongo said

"Punitive action was taken against the company. Let me assure the House that

precautions have since been taken to ensure that similar accident does not

happen again."

Mr Magongo further assured the senate that there was a joint Swaziland South

African Commission which was responsible for the use of the waters of the common rivers between the two countries.

CSO: 3400/214

114
SWAZILAND

WATER RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED IN MBABANE, MANZINI

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 7 Oct 83 pp 1, 16

[Text] THE water board has imposed restrictions in Mbabane and Manzini with

immediate effect.

Board director, Mr Chris Mavuso, gave the bad news yesterday.

"Due to the persistent drought, the water level in both the Mbuluzi and

Usushwane rivers has gone down tremendously," he said. "Therefore, residents

of both Mbabane and Manzini urban areas are requested to stop the use of

hoses, washing of vehicles and watering of gardens.1

"It is in the public interest to conserve and use water sparingly.

"The restrictions are with immediate effect. Circumvention of these restrictions will be dealt with accordingly. The public is requested to co-operate

with the board during these hard times."

The senior water resources engineer in the Ministry of Works, Power and Communications, Mr Tom Brook, had earlier said the main water sources for the two

towns were fast drying up.

It had been thought Matsapha and Manzini would not be affected because the

rivers in the area managed to sustain their flow.

However, the Water Board has had to introduce the restrictions because the

level has fallen drastically.

There had been hope that once we get into the spring season the conditions of

the rivers would improve. However, the rains have not fallen as anticipated,

Mr Mavuso said.

"Such a situation could deteriorate until it became necessary for the Water

Board to cut off all supplies to houses and erect emergency standpipes," he

added.

There were reports of severe cuts in some towns especialy Hlatikulu and

Lavumisa and strict water restrictions have already been imposed.

115
Water in these towns is only available at certain times.

Fines of up to E100 are levied on anyone found either watering their garden or

washing their car.

Mr Mavuso appealed to the residents of Mbabane and Manzini to co-operate with

the Water Board until the restrictions are lifted.

People who do not comply with the restrictions could face prosecution.

CSO: 3400/214

116
SWAZILAND

EEC, BRITISH DROUGHT AID REPORTED

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 14 Oct 83 p 3

[Article by Mandla Magagula]

[Text] MORE than El million is to be pumped into the Rural Water Supply

Development Programme.

This boost for the RWSDP has been made by the EEC and the British government

to solve the water crisis.

A senior official with the Rural Water Supply Board said this was the first

time the EEC had provided funds for the programme.

Previously, Britain had been the sole provider of funds for capital expenditure under its overseas development administration.

"The EEC has given us E600 000 for this financial year," design engineer, Mr

Charles Parker, said yesterday. "Britain has given us E468,000."

Mr Parker said the main stumbling block, however, was the slow progress being

made with the rural resettlement programme.

Mr Parker said since homesteads were still scattered, the board could not move

as fast as it would like to in providing clean water supplies to rural

communities.

"To lay pipes over long distances is very expensive," he said. "In fact, it

would be unreasonable for us to start construction of water supplies in areas

which have not been resettled. Rural resettlement is very important for our

work."

Mr Parker said the board was being restricted to those rural areas where the

resettlement programme had been completed.

The board's policy was to bring clean water to rural communities without

incurring undue expenses.

117
So far, about 40 medium-size schemes have been completed, catering for up to

80,000 people in the rural areas. About 20 small-size schemes have been

completed.

Mr Parker said the board had one scheme earmarked for Sigcawini off the Manzini/Big Bend highway. There have been consistent complaints from residents

of Sigcawini that the board was doing nothing to provide them with clean

water.

Investigations have established that the residents draw water from an open dam

which they share with cattle and other livestock. The problem has been compounded by a dip tank nearby which sees cattle going into the dam on dipping

day, thus making the water unsafe for human consumption.

"We hope we shall be able to solve this problem now that the EEC has given us

a generous donation," Mr Parker said.

He disclosed that the Council of Swaziland Churches had already drilled three

boreholes south/east of the Mdumezulu Hills.

"One of these boreholes has a good yield of water, while the other two are not

that good," Mr Parker said.

CSO: 3400/214

118
SWAZILAND

DROUGHT THREATENS SUGAR INDUSTRY

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 6 Oct 83 p 16

[Text] THE drought is threatening the sugar industry with one of Its worst

seasons in years.

The Swaziland Irrigation Scheme (SIS) has said unless there are good rains before December 10, the Sand River Dam will dry up.

The general manager,, Mr Dave Clark, told The Times yesterday: "Having the

Sand River Dam dry up is too serious to contemplate. If there is no rain before December 10, the dam will be empty. That would be a disaster. It has

got to rain. I don't even want to think there will be no rain at about that

time. We can't talk like that."

He said the dam was about 10 percent full. Since the beginning of the year,

he said, SIS had been severely rationing the water. But now, because of the

continuing drought, the company had been forced to start drawing water from

the dam.

Mr Clark said SIS supplied irrigation water to Mhlume, Vuvulane Irrigated

Farms, Tambankulu Estates and many other individual producers in the northeastern sugar plantations area.

"Most of the sugar producers who depend on the Sand River Dam have been forced

to reduce their production levels. Some of them have abandoned a number of

fields because of the lack of adequate irrigation water."

Mr Clark said production was at present 10 percent because of the drought

situation. Nevertheless, he said, so far they had not resorted to reducing

the labour force.

Mr Clark warned that if there were no good rains, then there would be no crop

to talk about during the 1983/84 season. This, he pointed out, would naturally affect the labour force levels.

There was no immediate comment from senior management at Mhlume Sugar Company,

one of the major producers who depend on water from the depleted Sand River

Dam.

119
However, senior management at Mhlume have, in the past, expressed serious concern over the adverse effects the drought is having on production prospects

for this season.

The same goes for Ubombo Ranches who depend on the Great Usutu River for their

irrigation water.

The general manager at Ubombo, Dr Jerry Gosnell, was not available for comment

yesterday.

Because Usutu is at such a low levels, crocodiles have been leaving. The

river bed and entering irrigation canals on the estates.

The drought has not spared Swaziland Electricity Board, who sell large quantities of power to the sugar-producing companies for pumping irrigation water.

The deputy general manager at SEB, Mr Robert Freide, has told The Times that

sales of power to the sugar industry have been reduced considerably since the

drought hit the country two years ago.

And yesterday, Mr Freide told The Times that some recent developments had made

it difficult for SEB to say when the Luphohlo Hydro-Electric Scheme would be

commissioned.

CSO: 3400/214

120
SWAZILAND

POWER PLAY AT POLLS DESCRIBED

Johannesburg DAILY DISPATCH in English 27 Oct 83 p 15

[Article by Tonie Sakaike]

[Text] The tiny southern African Kingdom of Swaziland goes to the polls

today to choose an

electoral college which

will select a new rubberstamp parliament to carry out the wishes of the

royal establishment.

The voting system, unique to this remote mountain country, is expected

to reinforce the dominant role in government

of the royalist Supreme

Council of State, or Liqoqo.

But political analysts

predict a revival of the

dormant Imbokodvo

(stone that crushes)

King's Party, the only

party allowed in the

state.

Voting takes place after more than a year of

political uncertainty

marked by a fierce royal

power struggle which

came to a climax in August when Queen Regent

Dzeliwe, the chosen successor of the late and

revered King Sobhuza II,

was ousted.

She was replaced as

Regent, or "Great She

Elephant", by Ntombi,

one of Sobhuza's 50

widows, in a bloodless

palace coup.

Ntombi is the mother

of king-designate Prince

Makhosetive, a boy of 16

at present in a private

school in England who is

destined to assume supreme power over the

600000 Swazis when he

is 21.

The Liqoqo acted

swiftly against Dzeliwe's

supporters, detaining

some and dismissing

others, and dissent

appears to have been

crushed, at least for the

time being.

Deputy head of state

Prince Sozisa, a forceful figure in his 60's who

often addresses public

meetings with a revolver

strapped to his waist,

emerged as a power behind the throne.

When he announced

the dissolution ofthe old

parliament earlier this

month he stated as a

brusque parting shot

that some deputies had

behaved like an opposition and he did not want

to see this happen in the

new assembly.

The voting'system

seemfe designed to ensure his wish will be

granted.

No one is clear how

many Swazi voters there

are. All male and female

citizens above the age of

18 are entitled to vote,

but there is no electoral

registration as such. Voters are simply required

to produce identity

documents showing they

are adult Swazis.

No turnout figures

were released after the

last election in 1978.

The candidates — four

to each of the 40 Tinkhundla or voting districts — are chosen by

election officials guided

by the 13-member Liqoqo.

But neither candidates nor voters will

know who has been

chosen to stand until

polling day and canvassing is outlawed as

potentially disruptive.

On the day, everyone

gathers in a convenient

field or sports ground

and each candidate

stands by a makeshift

gate.

After an address by

election organisers —

candidates are not

allowed to speak — vo^

ters go through the gate

by the person of their

choice. The two candidates with the busiest

gates in each Tinkhundla then form an 80-

member electoral college.

The college meets in

secret for a week to

choose, from outside

their number, 40 members of the House of

Assembly. Its function

then ends.

The Liqoqo has the

121
power to appoint 10

more deputies and will

also namea prime

minister and cabinet

from among the 50 members of the house.

The House ofAssembly

names 10 people to sit in

the Senate and the Liqoqo the other 10.

The whole process

could takea month.

The system is intended

to ensure that the Liqoqo gets the parliament

and cabinet it feels will

be most co-operative

with the royal establishment.

Major decisions of

state are made by the

monarch and the Liqoqo

and are communicated

to parliament througha

government gazette.

These decisions have

never been publicly

questioned.

No one is sure about

what Prince Sozisa

meant by opposition-like

activities, but analysts

believe he may have

been referring to some

behind-the-scenes unrest stemming from'the

royal power struggle.

The power-play wasa

traumatic affair from

Swaziland. The authority of absolute monarch

King Sobhuza, who led

the country to independence from Britain in

1968 and who sat on the

throne for 61 years, had

never been questioned.

When he died last year

aged 83 no Swazi could

remembera time when

he was not leader, and

with no visible candidates it was difficult to

predict the make-up of

the next cabinet.

But the Imbokodvo,

which was inactive at

the 1978 election largely

because there seemed to

be no need for action

under King Sobhuza's

strong rule, has recently

moved members into

powerful positions of

state.

Politicians expected

the king's party to become more active after

this week's voting.

Prime Minister

Prince Bekhimpi, Foreign «Minister Richard

Dlamini, Justice Minister Polycarp Dlamini

and Prince Mfansibili.a

member of the Liqoqo,

were expected to

emerge stronger, political analysts said.

The political fate of

princes and politicians

who fell from grace

alongside Queen Regent

Dzeliwe was expected to

be sealed.

Prince Gabheni, Dzeliwe's main royal supporter, will probably be

among the more prominent losers. He has been

sacked already from the

Liqoqo and as Home

Affairs Minister.

Neither the royal feud

not the election was

thought likely to influence Swazi foreign policy in any fundamental

way. The little state isa

bulwark of capitalism

and free enterprise. .

Its economy is dominated by South African

and British interests and

Mbabane's royal rulers

are devoutly conservative and anti-communist.

The mass of Swazis

have revered their royal

family for generations

and there is no sign that

any fundamental change

is likely.

CSO: 3400/214

122
KANGWANE RALLY CALLS FOR BORDER READJUSTMENT

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 11 Oct 83 pp 1, 16

[Article by Mashumi Twala]

SWAZILAND

[Text] HUNDREDS of

Swazis attending a

mass rally in the

KaNgwane town

of Nfilazatshe

chanted freedom

slogans in support

of the Council of

Chiefs.

The council is rallying support for the

border readjustment

between Swaziland

and South Africa in

order to return all

Swazi teritory

abitrarily taken by

South Africa.

At least 1.000 Swazis attended the rally. The

speakers were the chairman

of the Swazi Council of

Chiefs in kaNgwane, Chief

Mkolishi, popularly known

as the prince of Mbhuleni,

and Mr David Lukhele, the

council secretary.

The crowds repeatedly

shouted that the border

should be removed as soon

as possible and demanded

that problems frustrating

the process should be sorted

out without delay.

Speaker after speaking

spoke bitterly of Enos

Mabuza and his lnyandza

movement for attempting

to frustrate the border readjustment talks for their own

personal gain."

They chanted: "We are

Swazis. We are tired of living

apart from our brothers and

sisters. The South African

government must take down

all tlje borders that they set

up illegally to separate us."

The speakers. accused

Mabuza's regime of corruption, intimidation and

hypocrisy.

They said Mabuza was

using his department of

education to solicit support

from teachers and children

for his views on the matter

and his submissions to the

commission of enquiry

presently investigating the

issue.

The speakers said people

opposing Mabuza's campaign were being intimidated -with threats of

dismissal from their jobs

and expulsion from their

homes.

The first speaker, Mr

David Lukhele, said the

Mabuza regime was using

school inspectors in their

campaign.

"School inspectors are

being made spies against

those opposed to Mabuza.

The inspectators must stop

this," he said.

"Civil servants are

governed by laws which

prevent them from par123
ticipating in politics. The

same should apply to the inspectors.

"If they take sides with

those governing them what

will happen ifthe side of the

faction they support falls?

We don't want to force people against their beliefs or

prevent them wearing the

uniforms of lnyandza. We

are saying that teachers are

being dismissed from their

jobs if they do no cooperate with lnyandza."

Mr Lukhele said

Mabuza's agents had forced

people to contribute more

than E3.000 towards the

legal expenses in their

defence at the Rumpf Commission of Enquiry.

At" the same time, he said,

other Mabuza agents were .

out to kill Chief Mkolishi

who leads the Council of

Chiefs.

Some chiefs, he said,

were being ordered to force

people to sign a petition

drawn by the lnyandza

movement to the Rumpf

Commission or were chased

away if they refused.

On the other hand, people willing to co-operate

were being promoted in

jobs or being offered

lucrative opportunities.

He said: "All these are

just some of the dirty games

played by Mabuza. Don't

be fooled by some of his

campaign utterances.

"He says you will no

longer enjoy the same

privileges you get here if

you are united with fellow

Swazis. He says you will

need passports to cross the

border into South Africa.

But even as you are here

you need such things like

permits to go into the cities.

"If we go to Swaziland

we will have our own land,

not rented land.

"Mabuza's agents are

confiscating people's properties to get money for

their campaign.

"Rightfully whose land is

this and who are you?"

The crowd roared: "We

are Swazis."

Mr Lukhele further accused Mabuza's regime of

misappropriating aid from

South Africa.

He said the prounification group was not

fighting anyone but striving

for the truth to reign.

Another speaker, Peter

Nhlabatsi, said it was ironic

that. Mabuza, who was

chosen at Badplaas, was

now banning meetings by

the people who elected him.

"This is a sad state of affairs. We should try and

speak the truth and not bear

the pain of running

frightened," he said.

He added that Swazis in

kaNgwane were prepared to

fight until the end to be

reunited with their fellow

Swazis and to get back the

land that rightfully belongs

to them.

. "Why should we be ruled

by foreigners. South Africa

should just give us back our

land and not let us fight.

Another speaker, Khuluja Zwane urged the people

not to run around in fright

but to stand for their rights

and proclaim their desire to

get back the land that was

unjustly taken away from

them. . .

CSO: 3400/214

124
SWAZILAND

REPORTED CIVIL SERVICE RESHUFFLE DENIED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Nov 83 p 9

[Text] MBABANE—The head of Swaziland's civil service, Mr Shadrack Sibanyoni,

has emphatically denied a newspaper report that there had been a "huge reshuffle" of top civil servants in Swaziland.

The report also said that the reshuffle included the transfer to other Ministeries of a number of civil servants in "key posts." It said the reshuffle

was aimed at earning "stifling dissension" among civil servants.

Mr Sibanyoni yesterday also condemned a similar report last Saturday, which he

described as "inaccurate and irresponsible reporting of the worst kind."

He said that if the reporter concerned had taken the trouble to attend the

Press conference at Parliament Buildings on Saturday, following Friday's general elections, he would have been given the true facts and figures regarding

the election.

He would have known that the 600 000 "eligible voters in Swaziland" he mentioned in his report, in fact constituted the country's approximate total

population.

Mr Sibanyoni also said that the electoral college did not elect 50 members of

the new House of Assembly, as claimed in the report. It elected only 40 of

them, the remainder being appointed by the Head of State.

Last Saturday, Swaziland's Minister in charge of Elections, Mr Mndeni

Tshabalala, strongly condemned a similar report in Saturday's edition of the

Rand Daily Mail.

He said it was "deplorably inaccurate," and appeared to have been designed to

mislead the reading public about the true political situation in Swaziland.

CSO: 3400/214

125
SWAZILAND

FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT SOUGHT

Wooing Investors

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 19 Oct 83 p 3

[Article by Mandla Magagula]

[Text ] xHE National Industrial Development Corporation of Swaziland

has assured investors

that no companies will

be nationalized in the

country.

THE chairman of

N1DCS, Prince Masitsela, gave this assurance when he addressed

an investment conference in Johannesburg

on Monday. -

"The Kingdom of Swaziland

would like to assure you all

that there is no need to be

concerned aboui the risk of

nationalisation because

among other reasons, the

country cannot afford to

antagonize the countri«*?

from which the compani>\.

came from. . given her

dependence on many of

these countries." Prince

Mi<sitsela said.

"Another factor". Prince

Masitsela continued." is that

while Swaziland is a member

of the International Centre

for Settlement of Investment

Disputes, we are of the

opinion that the mere fact

that an application could be

contemplated, let alone,

formally lodge it. with that

institution or any other such

courts, would be a stigma on

our open track record on this

aspect."

He said industrial relations

with many of the investors

attending the conference

had been warm and

mutually beneficial because

the companies had acted

both as markets and

suppliers in the past.

Prince Masitsela said

while ' there/are some

completely privately-owned

industries, there were at the

same time which had

Government share participation in them. Most of the

time, the latter situation had

come about at the invitation

of those industries which felt

that Government participation would be mutually benefical.

Even in those cases.

Prince Masitsela said, it was

interesting to note that

management rested with the

technical partners with all

the necessary independence.

"Swaziland has plent^ of

untapped agro-industrial and

manufacturing possibilities

whose development requires

foreign expertise and

investment", he said.

"It is in recognition of this

fact that Government

respects private entrepreneurs. As you may be aware

South Africa, Botswana. Lesotho and Swaziland have a

common customs union arrangement.

This in our case, enablesin

effect for a manufacturer in

South Africa to finish his

product in Swaziland to

make it possible for that

product to get a 'Made in

Swaziland' label and thus

enter in other makerts at less

cost."

Prince Masitsela said

Swaziland believed she had a.

unique ability to act as

broker between disparate

groups and . in the process,

be able to offer foriegn

companies unique trade,

market and investment

opportunities with other

African countries.

"Also. Swaziland's memb

crship in the Lone Convention gives companies

investing here preferential

access to the EEC markets

• and other African countries

with which we have bilateral

trade agreements, while

benefitting from your

technical expertise."

Prince Masitsela said full

foreign ownership was

permitted in Swaziland,

accompanied with considerable profit rcpatration regulations. All these aspects

stressed the importance the

Kingdom attached to private

enterprise m industrial devel

126
opnicnt.

He said Swaziland

believed that the mist

seccessful company was the

one that made a good profit

and achieved a -rate of

growth greater than its

rivals.

"Therefore, if such an

operation is to meet its

targets, it needs a minimum

of »dereference from

external forces". Prince

Masistela said. He said major

investments such as

Simunye "can never be

threatened by government

because it could cause a

strain on our otherwise

cordial telations."

The bask reasons why the

country attached a great

value of private enterprise

were narrowed to three by

government.

inese were to provide

work for the people, to raise

the standard of living by

increasing the per capita net

national income and.

improve balance of

paymentssituations.

Private Enterprise

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 21 Oct 83 p 5

[Text]

CSO: 3400/214

MONDAY'S investment

conference in Johannesburg

has once again underlined

the belief that private enterprise has a vital role to play

in Swaziland's industrial

development.

The conference was

organised by the National

Industrial Development

Corporation of Swaziland

(NIDCS).

' One of the main speakers

was the NIDCS chairman,

Prince Masitsela, who made

it clear that the chief security, forprivate enterprise lies

in political 'stabilityv

Prince Masitsela made

the point that the political

situation is the main determination of security of investment in Africa today.

Swaziland's political stability rests on three pillars, according to Prince Masitsela,

The Prince said'"these

were the cultural and

lingual homogeneity of the

Swazi people, the unifying

factor of allegience to one

King of the "absence of

class differentiation, particularly as to nobility and

commoners." ; ,

"The other reason why

foreign investment will be

secure in Swaziland is that

Swazis are naturally averse

to antagonising other people or countries, least of all

their friends," he said.

"Our relations with our

friends have been excellent

and we would like to maintain that reservoir of goodwill. Therefore, we can

assure you that there will be

no chance of foreign investment being arbitrarily taken

over with or without com127

pensation, and that

repatriation of profits will

be guaranteed."

Prince Masitsela conceded that whatever potential

for industrial development

"we may have, we musknot

lose sight of the fact that

our small largely rural

population means an extremely, limited market for

goods and services within

our borders."

This could only mean

walking a tight rope- between the Southern African

customs union and SADCC

which seeks to reduce

economic dependence on

South Africa.

Prince Masitsela said the

real benefits of SADCC are

probably long-term and still

to be seen, while those of

the common customs union

could be immediäte.

Factor

"Another factor which

may affect our ability,

marginally or otherwise, to

attract foreign investment is

the South African Government's policy of encouraging investment in the

republic's rural areas to

provide employment for

homelands' inhabitants by

offering internationally unmatched financial incentives- to industrialists," he

said.

this means that a potential investor would not just

consider Swaziland as a

matter of course, but would

like to look at it in comparison with South African

homelands in the light of

tne incentive effered at

their börders.
SWAZILAND

UNION WARNS EMPLOYERS THREATENING MEMBERS

Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 20 Oct 83 p 9

[Text] THE Swaziland Agricultural and Plantations Trade Union has condemned

employers who threaten to fire employees who want to join.

One of the key figures of the union, Mr Augustine Matsebula, warned at the

weekend that appropriate action would be taken against employers who intimidate workers not to join the union.

Mr Matsebula was addressing a rally at Mhlume. "Our trade union is provided

for in the Industrial Relations Act", Mr Matsebula told the rally.

"We would, therefore, like to warn these supervisors who threaten workers with

expulsion that their actions are doomed to failure. Some of our own Swazi

workers who are in so-called senior positions are discouraging workers from

joining the union.

They themselves should take out membership of the union because they are mere

employees of the company. Only those employees who sit at board meetings of

the company may stay out of the union.

"As for employers intimidating potential members, I would like to warn them

that they are breaking the law. We have been informed by workers here that

senior supervisors are always threatening to get employees who join the union

fired.

Nothing is going to stop the union functioning smoothly as it matures with

time. Intimidation and threats against workers are not going to deter us."

Mr Matsebula said even government officials had no right to intimidate workers

from joining their trade union. He went on to explain that members should pay

subscription fees because the union had to set up their own offices which

would be manned by full-time employees.

The money would also be used to provide transport for workers who were going

to appear before the Industrial Court in Mbabane.

128
"When some of you go up to Mbabane for hearings before the Industrial Court it

will be the duty of the union to provide you with transport and food", he explained. He warned workers not to be fooled by the co-called joint workers/

employers committee.

Mr Matsebula said these joint committees were instruments that helped companies perpetuate economic slavery over workers. The trade union was determined

to wipe out these committees.

Mr Matsebula has since disclosed that the union is planning a major meeting

for workers from Vuvulane, Tabankulu, Swaziland Irrigation Scheme, Mananga and

Sihhoye.

"People in these areas are still in darkness", Mr Matsebula said. Since the

Industrial Relations Act came into being, the union has held rallies at

Simunye and Big Bend.

CSO: 3400/214

129
SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

HOTEL INDUSTRY BOOM—THE relaxation of cholera vaccination rules has set the

hotel industry booming again. "Ever since the rule was lifted about two

months ago, tourists have been flocking into the country in great numbers,"

the managing director of Swazi Spa Holdings, Mr Gerald Sedleir, said. Last

weekend, all hotels in Mbabane, and Ezulwini Valley were fully booked. Mr^

Sedleir, said this was because South Africa had a long weekend. "This decision taken by the government to lift the rule is excellent and I welcome it

with open arms. This had given hotels a tremendous boost," he said, adding

that the cholera vaccination rule had been inconvenient to some tourists. He

said the last time hotels had such good business was during the tour of the

English soccer early this year. "Last weekend was the first time after the

soccer tour that tourists had a tough time in finding accommodation," said Mr

Sedleir. "From December 15 to 18 this year, we expect to have a busy weekend.

Neogitations are underway to bring Indian international star singer Latta

Maghsehkar to perform at the Spa," he said. On the same weekend, Reggae star,

Peter Tosh, will also be performing in Swaziland. "Many tourists will jam the

country and there will be a great need for accommodation. We will accommodate

several people in one room and the conference room will be converted into a

dormitory when the need arises," said Mr Sedleri. [Vusie Gamedze] [Text]

[Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 13 Oct 83 p 3]

PUBLIC WORKERS FIRED—HUNDREDS of daily paid workers in the public service are

to be retrenched. Some began receiving letters of termination of services

early last week. They said they had been told that there was no money to pay

their wages. The workers are daily paids in the Ministry of Works, Power and

Communications. They said the letters had been signed by the Principal Secretary, Mr Gilbert Mabila. Mr Mabila was not immediately available for comment.

A senior official in the Ministry said the redundancies had been approved by

the Cabinet. He could not give further details. Workers interviewed at the

Public Works Department depot near the Highland View Hotel said they had accepted the Government decision. "There is nothing we cand do to prevent the

loss of our jobs," a member of the workers' representative committes said.

[Text] [Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 14 Oct 83 p 24]

PLANS FOR NEW CASINO—MBABANE—The Italian consul-general in Swaziland, Mr

Lucco d'Orsi, said yesterday the building of a multi-million, five-star hotel

and casino at Piggs Peak, northern Swaziland, as reported in a morning newspaper, was still subject to the final approval by the Swaziland Government.

130
Mr D'Orsi said: "such an enterprise, involving loans to the Swaziland Government totalling more than R7,7-million, will require that full details of

the proposal be thoroughly scrutinised by the new Swazi Government and parliament. "Only then, after their approval, will a final agreement be signed between the Swazi and the Italian Governments. The latter has agreed to provide

a loan to Swaziland of 85 percent of the total cost. Mr D'Orsi also said that

the reported offer by the international hotel group, Sheritons, to operate the

new hotel and casino has also yet to be finally accepted by the Swaziland

Government. The building of the 104-roomed hotel and casino would take about

two years from about one month after final agreement between the various parties concerned was signed. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Nov

83 p 14]

BUSINESS ASSOCIATED COMPANIES—SWAZILAND Business Associated Companies are

drawing up plans how they will run their business. The secretary of the company, Mr Samuel Mamba said the plans should be completed soon. "The company

will start operating effectively as soon as money is obtained," Mr Mamba said.

He said at the meantime the company was making means of getting loans. He

confirmed that the company premises will be situated in Matsapha. "For a

start I can say we will start by promoting products produced by entrepeneurs,"

he said. "We will also find markets for their products and get them sources

where they will get raw materials at a cheap price," said Mamba. He said the

company will organise joint venture projects whereby a local enterpreneurs

will join with an overseas businessman and be partners in business in the

country and overseas. The company paid a courtesy call to the Prime Minister

Prince Bhekimpi about four months back to explain the objectives of the company. They told Prince Bhekimpi that they have decided to group together to

protect themselves against stiff competition from expatraite businessmen who

were dominating local commerce. Mr Mamba told the Prime Minister that many

Swazi businessmen have gone bankrupt because they had gone it alone. He said

another pressing problem was that when they asked for bank loans as individuals they could not get them as they did not have the necessary security. He

said as a result their businesses were taken over by foreign businessmen. He

added that even when a Swazi businessman had got a loan he could not go very

far in the face of stiff competition from well established expatriate businessmen. He said as a single strong company it would be much easier to buy

stocks in bulk at South African factories at reasonable prices. [Vusie

Gamedze] [Text] [Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 7 Oct 83 p 5]

DETAINEES REPORTED—Albert Lukhele, a brother to detained Chief Dambuza Lukhele

has also been picked up by police and is being held at Mbabane Police Station.

Mr Lukhele was arrested on Friday afternoon by security police at the High

Court where he was employed as senior clerk. No reason for his arrest had been

given. High Court employees yesterday told THE OBSERVER that the police did

not say anything but simply picked him up. Among those already arrested in

the police swoop are Chief Dambuza Lukhele who was arrested at Manzini Police

Station, and the wife of Swaziland Bottling Company Public Relations Manager,

Mrs Senanile Nkosi, who was also picked up from her home at Checkers in

Mbabane. [Excerpt] [MB101424 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 9 Nov 83

PP 1, 5]

131

CSO: 3400/249
TANZANIA

BRIEFS

ANGOLAN ENVOY ON INDEPENDENCE ANNIVERSARY—Dar Es Salaam—The Angolan Government has said acts of aggression or plots fomented jointly by certain Western

powers, the South African regime, and UNITA bandits were aimed at destabilizing the Angolan revolutionary process and the overthrow of its government.

Speaking at a news conference in Dar Es Salaam today to commemorate the eighth

anniversary of Angolan independence, the Angolan ambassador, Mdugu Eusebio

Sebastiao [as heard], said these facts would lead to the establishment of neocolonialism in Angola and consequently to the inevitable cancellation of the

process of Nambian independence. Ndugu Sebastiao reiterated that there was

not, and would never be, linkage with the presence of the Cuban troops who

are there by the request of the Angolan people to help in the reconstruction

of the country. He said the decalration made last year between the Cuban and

Angolan Governments continues to be valid, and is known by the public opinion

worldwide. Angola became independent on 11 November 1975 from Portuguese colonialism. Ndugu Sebastiao also told newsmen that the Angolan airliner which

crashed on take-off from Lugango Airport in the south of the country on Wesnesday was carrying some 125 people and crew instead of 150 as was earlier reported. [Text] [EA112143 Dar Es Salaam External Service in English 1000 GMT

11 Nov 83

CSO: 3400/250

132
ZAIRE

MOBUTU PRAISES FRANCE FOR BACKING LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT OF CHAD

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 4 Oct 83 p 7

[Text] President Francois Mitterrand yesterday afternoon

opened the 10th Franco-African summit, held this year at

Vittel, in eastern France. Representatives of 38 African

countries were in attendance.

Mr Mitterrand sat between Zairian President Mobutu Sese

Seko, who had hosted last year's summit at Kinshasa, and

the Ivorian head of state, Felix Houphouet-Boigny, the

oldest head of state in attendance.

He noted the presence of the longest-ruling head of state,

President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has just celebrated the

25th anniversary of his leadership of Guinea.

Twenty-four African heads of state or government have come

to Vittel, including Hissein Habre (Chad) and Thomas Sankara

(Upper Volta).

The President-Founder of the MPR [Popular Movement of the Revolution] and

President of the Republic, Citizen Mobutu Sese Seko, expressed the desire to

see the 10th summit of heads of state of France and Africa open a new, rich

and fertile page in relations between the member states and imprint a new dimension to Franco-African cooperation.

The head of state was responding to the opening speech made by his French

counterpart yesterday at Vittel at the 10th conference of heads of state of

France and Africa.

In his remarks, Mobutu touched on the Chadian crisis, the Western Sahara

issue, decolonization of Namibia, South African apartheid and Franco-African

relations.

"Beyond simple friendship with France, the conference of heads of state of

France and Africa is the symbol of Africa's commitment to the ideas of peace

and solidarity aimed at establishment of a new ethos in relations between

nations and peoples," said the Guide.

133
Speaking of the situation in Chad, President Mobutu said that it constitutes a

serious threat to peace, stability and security in central Africa. "It is a

dramatic challenge to the principles of international law and the principles

set forth in the Charters of the UN and the OAU [Organization of African Unity]."

In that connection, he praised France for its support to the Hissein Habre

regime and encouraged it to persevere in defense of that just cause. He also

hailed the efforts the Ndjamena regime has made to safeguard peace in Chad and

the country's territorial integrity. He reaffirmed Zaire's support for the

legitimate authorities in that country.

On the Namibian issue, he reaffirmed the OAU's position that the solution to

the problem lies in implementation of the terms of UN Security Council Resolution 435, which remains the sole basis for negotiations for Namibian accession

to independence.

President Mobutu deplored the hypocrisy of certain member states of the contact

group on this issue. "It is a question of credibility for the five members of

the contact group," he said. In that regard he praised France for its firm

and unequivocal position on the sovereign rights of the Namibian people.

In that context, he sharply condemned South African attacks against neighboring states and urgently appealed to the nations of the world to take actions

to pressure the racist [South African] authorities to review their position in

terms of international morality.

Citizen Mobutu Sese Seko said he believes the only solution to the Western

Sahara conflict is to implement the resolution of the 18th OAU summit, which

was re-endorsed at the 19th OAU summit in Addis Ababa: organization of a referendum of self-determination for the peoples concerned under the aegis of the

OAU.

In that connection, he urged all the nations of the world to support the efforts

of the pan-African organization.

After deploring the lack of solidarity between industrialized countries and

Third World countries in the face of the economic crisis seriously threatening

the latter, the head of state expressed the hope that the Vittel talks will

give real substance to solidarity and dynamic meaning to interdependence, to

the mutual advantage of both sides.

"We must translate our common commitment to build a strong and independent

Africa into concrete action," stressed the President-Founder of the MPR<

Yesterday at Vittel President Francois Mitterrand stated that "the territorial

integrity of a state" was the fundamental principle to be respected in searching for a solution to African problems such as the Chadian conflict, Western

Sahara and Namibia.

In his speech opening the 10th Franco-African summit, the French head of state

said: "Far from sitting in judgment, what is needed is adherence to principles,

134
the most important of which is territorial integrity, and thus the exercise of

sovereignty by the legitimate authorities, and thus the independence of the

people who live in that territory."

Alluding to Chad, Mr Mitterrand exhorted the African heads of state: "Let us

move vigorously to provide amicable and seriously considered counsel, for which

there is the utmost need, aimed at achieving a peaceful and harmonious resolution to the issue. When a state's integrity is attacked, the people themselves

respond, through those who represent them, and—if that is not sufficient—with

their own actions."

Mr Mitterrand said that, given the establishment of those principles, summit

meetings are quite useful as loci of "meetings and dialogues between sovereign,

equal and—I hope—fraternal countries."

The French president nevertheless pointed out that the Franco-African summit

was "a working session which cannot stand in for or represent a rehearsal for

the work of the OAU."

Warning participants against allowing local conflicts to expand into global

ones, Mr Mitterrand urged nations to avoid allowing every conflict to become

a part of the East-West crisis. When this happens, he said, "the conflict between the two super-powers intrudes itself on every kind of [regional] problem

that may arise anywhere."

In an obvious reference to the new Voltan president, Mr Thomas Sankara—who

believed the French Government had not shown him proper the appropriate respect

upon his arrival in Paris—Mr Mitterrand said (without naming Sankara) that

"the newest members of the summit must know that they are entitled to be treated

with equal respect."

On the subject of Namibia, the French president stressed the importance of

"fulfilling that independence toward which the people must and can aspire."

On the subject of development assistance, Mr Mitterrand noted that "France has

a moral obligation in general, and a particular obligation with respect to

Africa, as a result of historic and humanitarian ties." He emphasized that

despite the current economic crisis and the fact that the French budget is only

increasing 6.3 percent, France had made a commitment to increase the Aid and

Cooperation Fund (FAC) by 15 percent, to increase its contribution to international voluntary organizations by 17.2 percent, to increase its contribution

to international organizations by 19 percent, to increase its Public Development Assistance (APD) by 16.2 percent, to raise its assistance to the Least

Developed Countries (LDC's) from 0.13 to 0.14 percent, and to increase its

overall development assistance to 0.55 percent.

The French president, on the other hand, denounced the "inability of the most

important actors in the global economy to understand the modern mechanisms

essential to progress." Discussing the structural reforms needed in such organizations as the IMF [International Monetary Fund], he said that the new

liquidity in Special Drawing Rights (SDR's) should primarily be used to assist

developing countries.

135
"The destinies of the industrialized and developing countries are tied together," he insisted. (...) "If the economies of the developing countries do

not recover, the advanced countries will be increasingly strangled by their

own competition."

9516

CSO: 3419/87

136
ZAIRE

ARTICLES OUTLINE DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATION WITH BELGIUM

Technical, Professional Training Stressed

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 18 Oct 83 pp 1, 7

[Article by Mputu-Toko Dingani: "Belgian-Zairian Cooperation: Priority

for Technical and Occupational Teaching"]

[Text] After the visit of the Belgian secretary of state for development

cooperation, the Belgian-Zairian cooperation will operate in a more

effective manner. Schools such as the Kikwit Technical and Occupational

Institute, the Tshibasi Agricultural Technical Institute (near Kananga),

the Salama Industrial Technical Institute (Lubumbashi), and the Higher

Rural Development Institute (ISDR) (Bukavu) will reflect a dynamic

cooperation that has the primary aim of meeting Zaire's needs for

skilled labor and high-level specialists.

The training of technical cadres is one Belgium's priorities in giving a

new dimension to its cooperation with Zaire. Thus, the Kingdom of

Belgium, through its secretary of state for cooperation, has emphasized

the need to increase in a concrete way the support to the technical

schools by sending qualified teachers, by granting scholarships to

Zairians for study and training courses in Belgium, by supply of

teaching materials, etc.

The ISDR in Bukavu, the polytechnic and science faculties of the

University of Lubumbashi, the University of Kisangani, and the Bukavu

Higher Teachers Institute should continue to rely on the Belgian

cooperation. It is interesting to note that the Kikwit Technical and

Occupational Institute (ITPK) has since 1973 been receiving considerable

assistance from Belgium, which has already granted 10 scholarships.

Courses have been organized for workshop teachers, and the efforts of

the visiting Belgian teachers have contributed to better planning of

workshop activities and better evaluation. Also, the Belgian

cooperation program has provided machines for practical training, a

power-generating unit, laboratory instruments, and regular supplies for

daily operation of the workshops. The ITPK, which is run by the

Jesuits, has a good reputation and provides training that is highly rated

by the employers who use the technicians that it has trained. In 10

years, out of 162 candidates for the state examinations, 160 have

received their final diplomas. That is an excellent record.

137
The Salama Industrial Technical Institute trains technicians; seven

Belgian advisers and eight religious workers are involved. For the

last 5 years the institute has been an integral part of the Belgian

cooperation projects in Zaire. Francois Xavier de Donnea was amazed and

impressed by the work being done there. "I intend to continue and even

increase the cooperation in technical instruction, because after all^the

future of a country depends on the quality of training of its youth."

This reaction was noted everywhere the Belgian secretary of state

went in visiting projects affecting the youth. Since he is himself a

university professor, he felt more at ease in the universities and

higher institutes.

Positive and Concrete Role

At the University of Lubumbashi, Francois Xavier de Donnea promised to

raise the quality of the cooperation. This cooperation is already ,

taking place on the level of the polytechnic and exact science

faculties, which, thanks to the Belgian cooperation, have high-quality

equipment. Belgium is also taking care of the travel costs and salaries

of the visiting teachers. Also, the polytechnic faculty is in a twin

relationship with that in Mons. The future Belgian financial assistance

should enable the faculty of medicine to get underway.

The ISDR in Bukavu will not be standing idle. Before considering the

possibility of a twin relationship with a Belgian institution with the

same objectives (training of individuals who will be able to promote the

economic, social and human development of the rural communities;

producing as varied as possible documentation on all aspects of rural

life; and cooperation in studying economic and social problems facing

the rural area), the ISDR may soon receive documentation provided by

Belgium and obtain course grants.

The University of Kisangani, on the other hand, places great hope in the

Belgian-Zairian cooperation to grow and to extend to other faculties

(medicine) and the university clinics, in addition to the faculties of

psychology and sciences, education, and political and social sciences.

In this context, new measures may be considered to "restore life" to the

Yangambi faculty, which urgently needs water around the clock for

research. Also considered will be a joint approach to train Zairian

specialists within the country to avoid the long absences from the

national realities.

In final analysis, the Belgian-Zairian cooperation in occupational and

university training is going well. The Belgian secretary of state put

it in these words: "Good universities are one of the essential conditions

for development of a country. I am happy to observe that the University

of Kisangani is currently making great teaching and scientific progress

and that the Belgian cooperation program is playing a concrete and

positive role in this through the laudable efforts of our adviser

teachers and the administrator, Monsignor Gillon."

138
Increased Budget for Agriculture

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 19 Oct 83 p 8

[Article by Mputu-Toko Dingani: "Belgian-Zairian Cooperation"]

[Text] Today we will give the last part of the reportage on the Belgian

cooperation program in Zaire. In this connection, it is interesting to

note Belgium's firm intention to increase during the next 4 years the

amount allocated to agriculture. This financial assistance will

increase relatively from one to five. Thus, agriculture and agroalimentary industry will be favored in order to combat the malnutrition

that is afflicting certain parts of the republic. For example, there is

the Kananga Soya Biscuit Factory (BISOKA), a project financed jointly

with Belgium and that produces biscuits with high protein value that are

affordable for low-income elements of the population, and other small

projects could be developed. Francois Xavier de Donnea is convinced

that the future of Belgian-Zairian cooperation lies in micro-projects

that are closer to the population and not in huge projects that, after

the fanfare of the opening and the cutting of the ribbon, often fall

into "inactivity," inappropriate to the realities.

Everywhere we went, particularly in Kivu (though it is an area

relatively well-endowed with agriculture), we realized that the problem

of malnutrition is primarily a problem of the quality of the food and

not the quantity. As the director of the Scientific Research Institute

center in Lwiro emphasized, "malnutrition is one of the most terrible,

the most horrible afflictions because it strikes the child, the hope and

pride of the society." Malnutrition thus becomes a source of permanent

concern. Parallel with the measures to combat malnutrition through

improving the quality of food, Belgium is providing logistic support to

the operation of several Zairian medical facilities.

The Bandundu, Kikwit, and many other hospitals are among the medical

facilities included in the Belgian-Zairian cooperation projects.

Obviously, this cooperation can certainly not solve all the problems.

However, the reaffirmed determination to strengthen the medical

cooperation can only please and encourage those working in the area, the

Zairian doctors and the Belgian advisers, the religious workers, and all

those who by their idealism enable the various hospitals to "operate"

normally in order to better serve the public.

Fomulac-Katana, the Musuri-Kimbembe health center (Lubumbashi), the

Lwiro pediatric hospital as well as those at Kabare, Kirotshe, Masisi

and Rutshuru are all names that symbolize the medical cooperation

between Zaire and the Kingdom of Belgium, a cooperation based on

understanding and knowledge of Zaire's problems in order to make a

significant contribution.

It is important that this cooperation, which is progressing well, be

maintained, strengthened, and extended to all areas involving human

health. I39
We can thus understand the reason for radio CANDIP (Center for

Educational Production and Broadcasting), which carries out its

educational activities in order to improve the standard of living of the

rural population through development campaigns. Located at Bunia, radio

CANDIP broadcasts in several dialects used in Kivu and Haut-Zaire, and

its antenna gives it a range of 700 kilometers.

May this cooperation, regardless of any chance difficulties, gain a new

impetus following the visit of Francois Xavier de Donnea to Zaire--a

new dynamism, a new philosophy so that the ties forged over several

years will strengthen even more. May the store of friendship that

unites Belgians and Zairians be the guarantee of a better future. Also,

hopefully companies like EX FORKA, the largest industry in Kasai

Occidental, will attract the attention of the Belgian cooperation

program so that their operation can be revived.

9920

CSO: 3419/132

140
ZAIRE

BELGIAN COOPERATION WITH ZAIRE INCREASED

New Spirit in Belgian Cooperation

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 11 Oct 83 pp 1, 7

[Text] Belgium's state secretary for development cooperation, Mr FrancoisXavier de Donnea, has just completed a 2-week visit to our country. As we

wrote in a previous issue, that visit enabled him to take a first-hand look

at the implementation of the various projects underway with Belgian assistance;

to hear the views of the aid personnel themselves, "the primary agents for the

strengthening of relations between Zaire and Belgium;" and to hold talks with

Zairian officials on cooperation between the two countries.

That initiative, as we said at the outset of his long tour of the regions, is

the result of a desire to get firsthand experience of Zairian realities on the

ground. Informed observers see in it the start of an entirely new philosophy

of cooperation between Zaire and the Kingdom of Belgium, especially since this

is the first time since Zaire's accession to independence that a member of

the Belgian Government has decided to leave his office in Brussels to scour

the interior for 13 days in order to gain a broader and deeper understanding

of the real Zaire.

One could see the difference in style as Francois Xavier de Donnea, after completing his tour in the field and evaluating the results achieved in various

sectors, took the opportunity to establish priorities and identify new focal

points of cooperation.

The budget for agriculture, for example, will increase fivefold over the next

4 years, technical and vocational education will have priority over general

education, and transport and communication will continue to receive special

attention from Belgium, which intends to help improve access and outlet roads.

All these activities will be carried out while taking into account Zaire's

many needs, especially in the fields of health and food supply.

The Belgian state secretary for development cooperation noted the tranquility

that reigns throughout the Republic of Zaire, where all citizens peacefully

attend to their daily occupations. As peace is the decisive factor in the

development of a country, it is obvious that in order to safeguard territorial

integrity we must have a strong and well-trained army, an army of deterrence.

141
To that end, Belgium has reaffirmed its intention to continue cooperation

in that sector, in order to train military cadres and commandos at Kxtona, at

the UFO [expansion unknown] of Kananga, at Kotakoli, etc.

In the health field, the program of activities will be continued and improved

by" the provision of logistical support to various medical groups xn the xnterior.

In the words of the Belgian state secretary, cooperation must become more

"humanitarian," closer to the people. "In Belgium, we are often reproached

foHevoting all our efforts to the big projects, the prestige projects. It

is throSfmall projects, such as the one in Kimbembe (in Shaba) or the one

in Tshibasu (neaAananga) that cooperation will truly benefxt the people of

Zaire, since these kinds of projects are closer to^hexr needs. We want more

humanitarian cooperation, more open cooperatxon...

These are more than mere words: they reflect a certain realism that rejects

Inv hint ofpaternalism in order to make a real contribution to Zaxre's development? a realism that also recognizes there are differences between us and

that Zairian problems can only be resolved in a Zaxrxan way.

Tt- i<, true that Belgium was somewhat hesitant about making a final commitment

to maintain and consolidate an ongoing cooperation relationship, particularly

since some quarters of the Belgian public would like to see

fc^^xum stay com--

1*1 «,# \f 7«-5rP Fortunately, the ties of frxendshxp that bxnd Zaxrxans

anaBelgians »ere IVcjAlT So'che future can be faced »ith optics,.

Mixed Commission Meets

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 9/10 Oct 83 p 1, 11

TTextl The Mixed Belgian-Zairian Technical Commission met from 30 September to 8

October 1983 ^ the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

!

t0

l"- ed Questions relative to administration, public works, energy,

lasts and telecommunication^, transport and communications, the infrastructure

ol SOFSE [Finance Company for Development], OFIDA [Customs and Excxse Of f xce],

and tS cardiovascular research laboratory at the University of Kxnshasa.

?he results were gratifying to both the Zairian and Belgian sxde.

The Belgian delegation was headed by Mr Francois Xavier de Donnea. st^ secretary for development cooperation. The Zairian delegation was led ^ Cxtxzen

Kimasi Matwiku Basaula state secretary or^rexgn a faxrs. Jhe delegates

^rengt^ fri-o^P Belgium and

Zaire for the benefit of both their peoples.

(cS)! thereuyassuring that Belgium will continue to provide personnel and

logistical support for the center.

142
In his speech at the conclusion of the deliberations of the Mixed BelgianZairian Technical Commission, Citizen Kimasi said that while the work already

done is worthy of praise, it is nonetheless true that much more remains to be

done toward ameliorating basic conditions in Zaire's socioeconomic development.

In Zaire, he said, "we are accustomed to thinking that in order to attain our

development objectives, we must above all count on our own efforts, but that

does not rule out making use of outside assistance from friendly countries

such as the Kingdom of Belgium, with which we have woven many ties of solidarity to the benefit of both our respective peoples."

He said that the Belgian state secretary for development cooperation agreed

with the Zairians that the development of agriculture in our country is still

one of the primary means for enabling the Zairian people to achieve food selfsufficiency, which is one of the continuous concerns of the Executive Council.

It is for this reason, he continued, that the President-Founder of the MPR,

Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko, President of the Republic, has always made agriculture the country's top priority. It is one of the key sectors for the process

of Zairian economic development, one in which Belgium can make a useful and

valuable contribution. He added, however, that agricultural development can

only realize its fullest potential within the context of a harmoniously developed infrastructure that covers the whole national economy.

This is why, he said, that Zaire and Belgium have worked unceasingly to broaden

and deepen their bilateral cooperation in every domain that is involved in the

development of a modern society, including transport, energy, communications

and administration.

In that context, he said he was pleased with the results of the deliberations

of the Belgian-Zairian Mixed Technical Commission in the fields of transport

and communications, infrastructure, public works and administration.

Mr Donnea in turn also declared himself pleased with the results achieved in

the sectors of energy, transport and communications and infrastructure, which

are the key sectors, accounting for one-third of the budget for Belgian cooperation in Zaire.

He said he was also pleased with progress made in OFIDA, which is making a

major contribution to governmental revenue.

He also underlined the importance of other projects, such as those involving

ONATRA [National Transportation Office], SNCZ [expansion unknown] and RVF

[River Lines Administration]. He announced that the cooperation contract on

ONATRA will be renewed and that 48 experts will be seconded to that office for

a 4-year period, while 28 experts will be seconded to SNCZ. These experts

will be responsible for training their Zairian Counterparts.

With regard to the RVF, he also announced that two "couples de moteurs de

batteau" [translation unknown] will be provided to the RVF, and four locomotive engines will be put at the disposal of SCNZ, in addition to the one that

will be acquired through a state-to-state loan.

143
With regard to SNEL [expansion unknown], he announced that Belgium xs prepared

to co-finance the proposed hydro-electric power plant at Bombo. He also said

that there is the possibility of a partnership arrangement between REGIDESO

[Water and Power Distribution Administration] and the Intercommunal Water Company of Belgium.

In conclusion, he said he was pleased with the decision taken to provide OFIDA

with a Belgian president-general manager seconded by a Zairian and a number

of Belgian experts who will be put at OFIDA's disposal.

Here is the joint communique signed at the conclusion of the deliberations

of the commission:

"The Belgian-Zairian Mixed Technical Commission on transport and communications,

infrastructure, public works, energy and administration met in Kinshasa from

30 September to 8 October 1983.

"The delegation from the Kingdom of Belgium was led by Mr Francois Xavier de

Donnea, state secretary for development cooperation, and the Zairian delegation was headed by Citizen Kimasi Matwiku Basaula, state secretary for foreign

affairs.

"Mr Francois Xavier de Donnea was given audiences with First State Commissar

Kengo Wa Dondo; the state commissar for foreign affairs and international

cooperation, citizen Kamanda Wa Kamanda, and the state secretary for foreign

affairs, Citizen Kimasi Matwiku Basaula.

"During his visit to Zaire, the Belgian state secretary for development cooperation had an opportunity to visit various regions of the country where he

was able to get a first-hand look at progress in various Belgian-Zairian cooperation projects.

"In that connection, he paid successive visits to the regions of Bas-Zaire,

Bandundu, Kasai Occidental, Shaba, Haut-Zaire, Kivu and Equateur.

"While the Belgianstate secretary was making this trip to the interior of the

country, the two delegations of experts, meeting in Kinshasa, examined questions involving administration, public works, energy, posts and telecommunications, "anlpoft and communications, infrastructure, SOFIDE OFIDA and the

cardiovascular research laboratory at the University of Kinshasa.

"The exchanges of views on these various subjects concerned ways to strengthen

and make Sther improvements in cooperation between the Kingdom of Belgium

and the Republic of Zaire.

"The two delegations were pleased with the results of their deliberations,

which unfSdefin a most constructive atmosphere. The results will contribute

to the strenjthening of cooperation, solidarity and friendship between Belgium

and Zaire to the benefit of both of their peoples.

144
"At the conclusion of the deliberations, the heads of the two delegations initialed a special agreement concerning the CPA, thereby assuring that Belgium

will continue to provide personnel and logistical support for the center.

"The Belgian delegation expressed their sincere thanks to the Executive Council as well as the Zairian people for the hospitality and welcome accorded

them during their visit to the Republic of Zaire."

9516

CSO: 3419/87

145
ZAIRE

BRIEFS

ROMANIAN OIL EXPLOITATION COOPERATION-A delegation of the Romanian

Petroleum Industry (ROMPETROL), composed of three members and led by

the company's director, Constantin Colt, visited Kinshasa from 12 to 26

September in connection with the Zairian-Romanian joint economic,

technical and cultural cooperation commission. During the visit to the

Zairian capital, the Romanian delegation examined the various

alternatives for cooperation between Romania and Zaire ^respect to

oil The delegation returned to Bucharest on Tuesday. ROMPETROL is an

organization for economic cooperation with foreign countries m

exploitation of oil and gas. It engages in a variety of work and

services relating to the extractive petroleum industry including

geological exploration, storage of oil and gas including transport

fegardlesB of the size and complexity of the project. ROMPETROL, which

is receptive to all formulas of cooperation, firmly applies the

principle of exchanging benefits with its business partners. [Text]

[Kinshasa ELIMA in French 28 Sep 83 p 8] 9920

CSO: 3419/132

146
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT, UNIONS AGREE TO WAGE CEILING—According to a press statement

issued by the minister of labor and social services, Mr Frederick Hapunda,

the government and the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions [ZCTU] have agreed

to maintain the 10 percent wage ceiling to the end of the current

International Monetary Fund program, which will be expected to be up to

April 30 next year, and thereafter a free collective bargaining process will

continue. The statement said in the wake of this agreement between the

government and ZCTU, the government has directed both employers and union

to expedite the awarding of wage increases in industries where they are due

within the framework of the guidelines issued by the Prices and Incomes

Commission on the implementation of the 10 percent wage ceiling. The

government has also called on employers to make sure that those increases,

where applicable, are paid as soon as possible. [Text] [MB170850 Lusaka

Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 17 Nov 83]

CSO: 3400/263

147
ZIMBABWE

RADIO TRUTH ON MINORITY PARTY ACTIVITIES

MB141038 (Clandestine) Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe 0430 GMT 14 Nov 83

[Station Commentary]

[Text] Robert Mugabe alleges that two minority democratic political parties

are engaged in anti-regime activities. Speaking at Bindura last week, Mugabe

named the two parties as being ZAPU and ZANU (Mwenje), led by the Rev

Ndabaningi Sithole. However, the opposite is the case, and Mugabe knows this

as well as anyone. To this very day ZAPU is still negotiating with Mugabe's

ZANU-PF, to the knowledge of Mugabe, in an effort to forge a new unity between

the two parties. When we recall that it was Mugabe who insisted on contesting

the 1980 election separately and not as a partner in the Patriotic Front, we^

know that this split was not brought by Joshua Nkomo. In fact, men like Josiah

Tongogara were completely against the division of the parties in 1980, and like

Tongogara, were murdered by ZANU-PF because of their opposition.

Ndabaningi Sithole's ZANU (Mwenje) was the original ZANU, the party which decided to gain freedom for Zimbabwe without the use of violence. ZANU (Mwenje)

has consistently stated that it is opposed to violence to gain political ends,

and this attitude was also adopted by Bishop Abel Muzorewa's UANC party. But

both Sithole and Bishop Muzorewa openly opposed Marxism and a one-party state,

and they will content these aims of ZANU-PF constitutionally, without violence.

Despite Mugabe's allegations, both leaders have been stating their case openly

and have not approached South Africa or any other power for assistance. In

fact, at the ZANU (Mwenje) rally earlier this year, it was made plain that

Robert Mugabe and his ministers were invited to participate but declined.

Despite all the restrictions and intimidation used against the leaders of these

three parties, they are gaining support and the sympathy of the people at large.

They don't send youth brigades around to force people to attend their rallies,

yet thousands turn up. They do not have free adverts of their rallies and

meetings placed in the daily newspapers, nor do they supply free buses and

trains to carry their supporters, yet thousands attend their rallies. Mugabe

knows his popularity, enforced at best, is waning rapidly. Hence the use of

the Gukurahundi [5th Brigade] against the Matabele and the trend toward the

detention of the opposition leadership.

148
Muzorewa is at the Central Intelligence Organization Detention Center of

Goromonzi, and many of Sithole's people have simply disappeared into one

detention camp or another. Mugabe is frightened. He sees the power he

enjoys through the rule of fear is beginning to desert him. He knows it

cannot be retained for much longer, that he is surrounded by enemies, even

within the upper levels of his own party. Unless he takes drastic and

timeous action, he will be defeated.

CSO: 3400/250

149
ZIMBABWE

MUGABE CLAIMS ZAPU HAS NEW STRATEGY TO CAUSE DISORDER

Harare THE HERALD in English 31 Oct 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

ZAPU dissidents killed four farm workers

in a vehicle ambush near Mvurwi recently

as part of its new strategy to cause widespread disorder before the next election, the

Prime Minister, Cde

Mugabe, has said.

He told a rally at Dendenyore, Wedza, on

Saturday: fThey (Zapu)

are sending in dissidents

in groups of twos or

threes to ambush and

kill people in areas

where there is peace in

order to discredit the

Government."

In the Mvurwi incident

a gang of dissidents

ambushed a vehicle

carrying five workers

from Forester Ranch to

Goveti Ranch on October

8. Three of the workers

were shot dead at pointblank range, one died

later of his wounds and

the fifth was seriously

injured. In follow-up

operations security forces killed three of the

dissidents. The fourth

was captured.

Cde Mugabe- «aid it

was the caotured dissident who had told the

Government of the new

Zapu strategy.

UANC leader Bishop

Muzorewa also came

under fire from the

Prime Minister over his

recent visit to Israel

which he claimed he

undertook to study the

Bible. ,_, - Cde Mugabe said Israel trained some South

African commandos who

had been used by the

Smith regime and again

by the Zimbabwe-Rhodesia regime of which

Muzorewa not to try

and start another war

of his own and said the

Government would investigate his intentions

when he went to Israel.

"If he wanted tc study

the Bible, he should have

asked me and I would

have given him one of

the 22 Bibles I have free

of charge. They were

sent to me by South Africans immediately after

independence with letters instructing me

which verses to read,

the Prime Minister said.

CSO: 3400/238

150
ZIMBABWE

MUGABE SAYS GOVERNMENT, CHURCHES MUST GO INTO PARTNERSHIP

Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Oct 83 p 1

[Text]

THE Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, said yesterday it was becoming

increasingly necessary for the Government and the churches to go

into partnership with the common goal of alleviating man's social

and economic problems.

"This partnership needs to be consolidated if we are to achieve

maximum results from it," he told the closing session of the Zimbabwe

Christian Council conference on development in Harare.

The ZCC delegates and

their partners In development met to Harare for

three days to work out

details of the funding of

the churches' $40 million

projects over a five-year

period starting next year.

The projects, numbering

nearly 200 throughout

the country, are for water

development (boreholes,

wells and dams); agricultural production; evangelism; health; education;

rehabilitation; community

centres; and leadership

development and management training.

The Prime Minister told

the delegates that the projects discussed at the conference demonstrated their

unflinching desire to provide for the welfare and

socio-economic advancement of the Zimbabwean

society. .

The Zimbabwe Christian

Council, he said, should

not only confine itself to

the design and implementation of socially-oriented

projects such as clinics,

hospitals and schools but

it should also co-operate

with the Government in

preparing and implementing development programmes that enhanced

productivity of the material production sectors.

Examples had already

been set with the establishment of the Savings Development Movement and

the Silveira House Agricultural Development

groups.

151
But he said that because of the serious backwardness of the rural

people and the Government's policy to accelerate the transformation,of

both the production and

consumption patterns in

the country, the Government viewed the intensification of such initiatives

as long overdue.

"We are looking forward to the formalisation

of our planning work

with you and hope that

this is only the beginning

of a worthwhile venture

as we become true partners in our plans to develop the welfare of the

people ...

"If yesterday we Joined hands to liberate the

masses of this country

from one form of injustice, today we can

surely join hands again in

fighting yet another evil

situation in the form of

ignorance, disease at^

general underdevelopment."

The Government was

convinced that it could uplift the masses only if

it operated within a carefully planned economy —

an economy whose goals

were clearly spelt out,

modalities defined and appropriate institutions

were created in promoting development.

It was also equally important to continuously

analyse the .constraints

facing the country.

To facilitate the

achievement of the country's socio-economic objectives, the decisionmaking process at all

levels must be consistent

with those pronounced by

the Government.

"We cannot afford the

wastage of the scarce

human and material resources by investing in

areas and projects which

are not in harmony with

the national planning objectives."

He was most gratified,

he said, to realise that in

the preparation and formulation of the ZCC'c

five-year development

plan, the council had used

the transitional national

development plan as the

basis and framework of

its planning.

There was need for

greater dialogue to en-,

sure that the ZCC programmes were at all

times to line with those

of the Government, he

said.

CSO: 3400/238

152
ZIMBABWE

MINISTER ASKS CHIEFS TO REPORT DISSIDENTS TO AUTHORITIES

Harare THE HERALD in English 31 Oct 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE Minister of Trade and Commerce, Cde Richard Hove, yesterday

warned that areas whose people do not work with the Government will be left

out in development projects.

Speaking at the official installation of Chief Ngungumbane in the Mberengwa

communal lands, Cde Hove said development project will only be implemented in

areas whose people co-operated with the Government".

"I must warn you that in this country there is a disease called dissidents,

who want to topple the Government because they don't like it. They go about

murdering, robbing and raping innocent civilians.

"If there are some people in this country who want to fight, they should know

that ZANU(PF) can also fight better than them," the Minister said.

Day-Drearning

"If there are people in this country who think they can topple the Government,

they are day-dreaming.

"We hare often told Joshua Nkomo that if he wants to fight the ZANU (PF) Government and topple it from power, he should come out in the open and we shall

welcome his war."

Cde Hove said the Government had the power to ban minority parties in the

country "but for the sake of unity, we continue to allow them to operate."

He predicted that ZANU (PF) would be re-elected in the 1985 general election

"because all the people of this country support the party".

The Minister called on chiefs, as eyes of the Government, "to check closely on

all PF-ZAPU supporters to make sure they did not cook for or harbour

dissidents.

The Government expected chiefs to report the presence of dissidents to the

authorities, the Minister said.

153
Cde Hove said the Government knew of the root cause of the dissidents—PF-ZAPU

was behind them.

"We have killed some of [them and] some are now in our jails. This is why we

know the PF-ZAPU connection on the dissident issue."

The Minister said, however, he could not blame all PF-ZAPU members as responsible for the creation of dissidents because there were some people in

that party who worked well with the Government.

Those who agree to work and co-operate with the Government are still working

with us today. We do not hate them but we always tell them to talk to their

fellow members to urge them to desist from supporting dissidents," Cde Hove

said.

CSO: 3400/239

154
ZIMBABWE

MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND ZIMBABWEANS IN ZAMBIA SEEK TO GO HOME

Results of Survey

Harare THE HERALD in English 17 Oct 83 p 1

[Text]

MORE than 100 000

Zimbabweans living

in Zambia will return to their homeland if a scheme to

transfer their assets

can be worked out,

according to a survey by the Zimbabwe High Commission in Lusaka.

There are an estimated 200 000 Zimbabweans in Zambia.

The survey, carried

out last year, indicates that 65 percent

of the Zimbabweans

are planning to return this year.

Eleven percent want to

leave immediately and

another 20 percent said

they were thinking of

moving between 1984 and

1990.

It Is difficult to estimate

how many have returned,

because some apply for

passports from Zambia

while others send documents down to relatives or

friends in Zimbabwe and

get the.m to process the

requests, a spokesman at

the Zimbabwe High Commission In Lusaka said.

The main obstacle to

Zimbabweans' returning

home is not the bureaucratic procedure, but difficulties taking out their

capital and equipment.

According to the survey, in which about onethird of the 3 000 forms

distributed were returned,

there were 466 tractors,

307 private cars, 289

lorries, 18 buses and 1161

harrows, planters and

ploughs which people

wanted to bring with

them if they were to move,

plus ?13 million in other

assets, totalling about $35

million.

By June last year there

was also about $6 million

in the pipeline for Zimbabwean nationals whc had

already immigrated.

155
The situation was outlined in a report submitted to the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs soon after

independence. It was asked

that a "very strong case

should be put to (the Zimbabwe) Cabinet for

something to be done for

these nationals in Zambia", but after consideration at a meeting in Livingstone of the joint permanent commission in

August this year, where

the issue was referred to

the ministries of finance

in each country, nothing

has been done.

Zimbabwe has frozen

the funds of Zambiahs who

have assets in Zimbabwe.

The restrictions applied

under the same constraint«

of shortage of foreign currency, and fear of a drain

of skilled and experienced

personnel, are common to

both countries.

Many Zimbabweans

managed to get plots of

land under Zambian chiefs,

varying in size from 5 to

400 ha, which they still

hold and which they know

will not easily be matched .

if they return home.

The survey showed that

34,1 percent of the household heads who replied

wanted a farm larger

than 150 ha, 18,7. percent

wanted at least 10 ha

plots, while 31 percent

planned to live In towns.

Only 4,5 percent were going to join relatives in

communal areas when

they returned.

Generally Zimbabweans

in Zambia are involved in

marketing and transport

businesses and some have

become very wealthy, The

' High Commission report

pointed out that the returning emigrants were

"not beggars, but entrepreneurs with capital and

useful experience in agriculture".

Most who . answered

the questionnaire indicated they caine from Shurugwi (999), while 567 came

from Kwekwe and Chegutu, 513 from Mvuma, 329

from Chivhu, 324 from

Chilimanzi, 268 from Zvishavane and 240 from Ka-V doma. ***

Gf several people interviewed all mentioned they

would move if they could

get their money . and

assets out, but nearly all

were quite' happy to stay

in Zambia for the time

being.

"I would like to be resident in Zimbabwe and

visit Zambia, but I can

stay here and visit Zimbabwe," said one man.

The first move for getting back to Zimbabwe

for most people is getting a Zimbabwean pass-

.port, which has become

quite a desirable document in the region. The

High Commission said

people who nad travel

documents before 1980

have no problem getting

new ones, because "it was

a disadvantage tc have

one then, and they are

likely to be genuine".

"But we have to be very

careful. There are some

people from Zaire, for

example, who speak Shona

very well, so all new

applicants have to have a

long assessment interview

before a passport is approved."

Then the procedure for

moving property from one

country to the other is

often delayed and complicated. If an immigrant

has a lot of moveable property he has to sell anything over a stated

maximum and put the

proceeds into a local frozen account.

The funds he is allowed

go into the "forex pipeline", and may only emerge

a year or so later.

Light at End of Tunnel

Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Oct 83 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

THERE is certainly nothing unique about problems being faced

by Zimbabweans in Zambia who would like to come back home

but cannot do so without the millions of dollars worth of

property they accumulated during their stay in the country.

Other countries, like Tanzania, have found easier solutions

to the problem. The ex-refugees were offered citizenship and

thousands have accepted. It might not apply in our case but if

a simple but practical solution is not found immediately relations

between the two countries may be affected.

156
We »ay so because whereas the ZambianB are treating the

problems in strict economic terms, the Zimbabweans, who jointly

have some §35 million in cash and property blocked by the

Zambians, feel they are being prevented from going back home.

The Zimbabweans are doing their best to portray that

picture in order to put pressure on our Government to deal with

the Zambians on a strictly political level.

The Government is not oblivious to the plight of Zimbabweans in Zambia, most (but certainly not all) of whom left

this country because of the intolerable political conditions that

existed then. It has been handling the situation with the tact it

deserves.

Already there has been some favourable results. There is

light at the end of the tunnel. But all of us know the desperate

foreign exchange situation all of us are in. We are sure the

delicate negotiations that have been going on between the two

countries over the problem will result in a solution being found.

CSO: 3400/238

157
MOZAMBICANS REPORTEDLY MOVING ACROSS BORDER BECAUSE OF DROUGHT

Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Oct 83 p 1

ZIMBABWE

[Text] ABOUT 10 000 Mozambicans have crossed into

north-eastern Zimbabwe

during the last three

months and at least 50

families are moving into

Rushinga district almost

every day, the district administrator, Cde Kanyandura Kanyau, said yesterday.

In an interview , with

The Herald, in Harare,

Cde Kanyau said between

50 and 100 families were

crossing the border almost daily, and claiming

to be fleeing the severe

drought in their home

areas.

No Government comment on the report could

be obtained last night.

Cde Kanyau said the

Mozambicans had brought

along their livestock,

household goods and other

possessions.

"My district is one of

the remotest ' in Zimbabwe and we don't have

enough facilities, even for

the local population. The

recent migration has undoubtedly affected clinics and diptanks because

most of the people need

health care and their animals have to be dipped,"

he said.

The Mozambicans came

through Mary Mount Mission, Chitange, Makuni,

Chitandawo and Mukosa

clinic.

This happened despite

the fact that some of them

had been rounded up by

district officials, referred

to Harare for assessment

and subsequently repatriated.

Rushinga's district council chairman, Cde Luke

Shamuyarira said a solution must be found soon.

Meanwhile, more than

800 Mozambicans who had

illegally settled in some

parts of Mudzi have been

repatriated and none had

returned, the district administrator, Cde Morgan

Chiwawa, said in Harare

yesterday.

An agreement had been

reached between himself

and the nearest administrator in Mozambique tö

have the people sent back

home, he said.

Cde Chiwawa said his

district had been so

severely affected by the

drought that officials had

to keep bowsers at

schools to avoid their

closure.

Most of the boreholes

in the area were drying

up and 12 others need

constant attention. People

had to walk for long distances searching • for

water.

CS0: 3400/238

158
ZIMBABWE

MOZAMBIQUE PORTS' RESTORATION 'OF VITAL STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE'

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 21 Oct 83 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text] THE recent raid by South African forces on the ANC

offices in Maputo is yet another depressing indication that

those in power south of the Limpopo are prepared to follow the same sad path travelled by Rhodesia.

History provides lessons for those who are prepared to

learn, yet there is nothing in the policies or programmes of

the South African government which shows an appreciation of the fundamentally unjust situation in South Africa,

or of the inevitability of change. They seem prepared to

slide slowly into civil war, with all the tragedy this represents in human terms, and the increased polarisation of

racial groups which will result.

The new South African constitution, to be voted on by

the white population only, is a poor piece of window

dressing, cobbled together to give an impression that apartheid is to be relaxed. It is an insult to the blacks who are

denied political expression and representation in the country in which they live, and also to the Asians and coloureds

who are having their second-class citizenship underlined.

The undoubted economic and military strength of South

Africa has induced a false sense of security in that country.

Yet, for those who lived in this country through the recent

war, there are enough unfortunate parallels to indicate that

the process of violent change — in the absence of an acceptance of the need for peaceful change — has already begun.

The recent attack on Maputo is as much a symptom of

this as the increasing incidence of successful guerilla action

within South Africa itself.

v The inevitability of an increase in violent action in South

Africa will, of course, have profound consequences for

Zimbabwe. The disruption of a valuable market and complications in the passage of our exports and imports

through South Africa are the least we can expect-. In such circumstances, the rehabilitation of

Mocambiquer ports, particularly Beira, is of vital strategic

importance. It is to be hoped that President Samora

Machel's warmer relations with the West, emphasised by

his present visit to Europe, will command support for the

improvement of alternative routesthrough Mocambique to

the sea for Zimbabwe, Zambia and Zaire. What is desirable

now will assuredly become vital during the years to come.

CSO: 3400/225

159
SENATOR RAPS GOVERNMENT'S PRIVATE INDUSTRY POLICY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 21 Oct 83 p 6

ZIMBABWE

[Text] THE answer to Zimbabwe's

financial problems can only be

solved by a "complete turnabout

on the part of Government",

Senator Partridge said in the

Senate last week. In a wide-ranging

and hard-hitting speech in the

debate on the Finance Bill (which

is, by tradition, the budget debate

in the Senate), Senator Partridge

reviewed the out-turn of the

1982/83 fiscal year and expectations for the 1983/84 year.

Referring to the 1982/83 fiscal

year, the senator said the overall

out-turn resulted in a deficit of

S436m, compared to the budgeted

figure of $589m.

"I would not quarrel with this

.reduction", but it should have been

achieved by reducing revenue expenditure", he said. "It is inexcusable in a developing country to

budget for a deficit unless the

revenue account is balanced, and

the deficit is created by investment

of borrowings in development that

will produce revenue.

"This is a simple principle upon which a young country must operate, and it

departs from it at its peril", Senator Partridge told the Senate.

Last year, the senator said, the growth in the economy was only 1.8%. This

was achieved by a 14% increase from education, health and public administration, all of which were non-productive. The real trend was in agriculture

and mining, he claimed, where there was a drop of 8% and 3% respectively.

ONLY 7 000

Industry employed only 7 000

more Zimbabweans last year, the

total formal employment,

increasing by only 8 600 — against

a. background of 80 000 people

entering the job market. The trade

balance, he said, weakened to

'minus 136m in 1982, a figure

more than double that of minus

S59m in 1981. The current account

balance moved from minus $416m

in 1981 to minus $534m in 1982.

Money supply, because of

Government's deficit budgeting

increased by 20% in the 1982/83

fiscal period with consequent

inflation of some 177». "Not

forgetting the 15% increase in the

1981/82 period", he commented.

"The general picture". Senator

Partridge told senators, "is of a

declining economy with large-scale

inflation, increasing foreignexchange and balance-of-payments

problems, with a growing population requiring employment that is

not there. The only growth to be

found is in Government nonproductive sectors of employment,

which cannot be sustained."

Senator Partridge said Government attempted to relieve the

situation by borrowing more fromabroad, despite the long-term

consequences, cutting foreignexchange allocations — even to the

^extent of affecting exports —

' devaluation of the dollar, the

production of a minibudget, and a

reduction in public sector invest3" ment, but not in revenue expenditure. •

160
The consolidated funds

statement, Senator Partridge said,

showed for 1982/83 projected

revenue spending of SI 848m

against an actual expenditure of

SI 821m, a reduction of only 1%.

The revenue current account estimated at SI 885m, resulted only in

SI 755m, a drop of some 7%,

turning the budgeted surplus on

revenue account of $37m to a

deficit of S66m.

"The most important objective

for a country like ours and one

which', under proper management,

we are quite capable ofsustaining,

is to be self-reliant on revenue

account. If we do not ensure this,

it means we must borrow to meet

recurring current expenditure. This

is the road to bankruptcy," he

said.

The senator said that there had

been a drop in proposed capital

projects from S281m to SI90m. He

said it wouldjiave been better to

have maintained this capital programme and to have cut down on

the revenue account.

Turning to. the employment situation, Senator Partridge said

theje were 10 000 fewer

Zimbabweans employed today

than in 1975. This decline had been

in agriculture (89 500) and

domestic service (27 700), but

public administration, health and

education had increased by 67 200.

These three services, which in 1975

represented 9,36% of total

employed, he claimed now

accounted for 16,44%.

In 1975, he said, 16,4% of the

population was employed, while in

1982 only 13% had jobs, out of a

population running at

approximately 8m. -

".We need to increase employment opportunity annually by

714% to meet the annual need for

jobs", Senator Partridge told the

Senate. "This means in

agriculture, 20 000 .a year, mining

4 800 and manufacturing 1} 500,

presuming other sectors keep pace.

All this can be achieved only by a

tremendous resurgence of growth

in the private sector.

"Government must stop

fiddling about with its social

ideologies and get on with the main

task of restoring confidence in the

private sector and ensuring a

favourable investment climate.

Financial policy must be geared to

development and not ideologies."

The senator gave government

credit for an improvement in the

earnings of employees, which

moved from SI 049m in 1975 to

$2 915m in 1982, an increase of

278%. Expressed in terms of 1969

prices, he said, this appeared to be

an improvement of 19%.

"I believe that the main reason

for wages not increasing substantially beyond rising prices is

Government's wage and pricing

policy. The employer is faced on

the one hand with a recurring

threat of wage increases made

across, the board, without

reference to the industry or occupation concerned, for employees

he cannot dismiss. On the other

hand, there is a clamp-down on

prices ofhis products."

The employee was also being

"mulched" by Government,

Senator Partridge claimed. "If you

look at past budgets, we find that

the last three pre-Independence

budgets were made up of 45%

indirect taxation and 55% straight

taxation on income. The 1983

budget, however, had inverted the

position to one of 55% indirect to

45% income tax.

INCLUDES NEW TAX

"The latter percentage includes

the lower income tax that

Government proposes to

introduce", the Senator said. He

questioned the advisability of

introducing a fixed tax on the

lower income group, particularly

as at the moment, 54,9% of the

composition of the consumer price

index for lower income urban

families represented foodstuffs,

which were subject to recent heavy

increases with the removal of Government subsidies.-

"The $9m it is anticipated that

this tax would contribute could be

better made by a cut in the defence

budget ofthis amount," he said.

"The best thing that Government can do for the wage earner".

Senator Partridge told senators,

"is to repeal all the powers taken

in terms of the emergency regulations and return to the sanity ofthe

Industrial Conciliation Act and

negotiated wages. Domestic service

and agriculture should not be controlled, apart from a low-geared

minimum wage."

Turning to the 1983/84 budget,

Senator Partridge said current expenditure will amount to S2 031m

against anticipated revenues of

S2 079m resulting in a surplus on

current account of $48m. With

161
CSO: 3400/225

grants-in-aid of S32m and loans

repaid of $15m, this should give a

surplus of $95m. This, after repayment of loans and expenditure

on capital account, will become a

deficit of$450.

"This deficit and parastatal

losses is another recipe for

inflation", Senator Partridge said,

"and we can, therefore, anticipate

another 17% inflation rate for

1983/84."

NOT PRODUCTIVE

"Expenditure on defence had

increased by 13%, education 4%,

health 2% and home affairs 19%,

the senator said. These ministries

now represented half of the

budget, were the only ones with

major increases, and were not economically productive.

"No one would wish to curtail

education", the senator said, but

he warned of escalating costs if

Government's plans were.

introduced.

He said the 198.1 and 1982 enrolments were 455 536 and 410 453

respectively, in Grade 1, winch

indicated that the country could

anticipate an annual enrolment of _

about 400 000. In eight year's ~

time, Senator Partridge said, there

would probably be four million

students at school, compared to

the present figure of2 159223.

This would mean that in eight

years' time, the Education vote

would have to be doubled.

It was unlikely. Senator

Partridge said, that the revenues

anticipated in the 1983/84 budget

would materialise.

"We are probably the most

highly taxed community in the

world", he said. The tax amounted

to 17% of the gross national

product. With companies at

51,75% in 1984 — before

dividends are declared, which are

subject to 20% tax — there is in

effect, a tax of 61.4%. Married

persons receiving $17 000 a year.

will pay $4 053 in tax if allowed the

full abatements.

WHY BOTHER

"When we throw in a capital

gains tax of 30% on profits arising

from the sale of immovable property, and shares, why should anyone bother to invest".-he said.

"Add to this picture, the taxes on

non-residents of 10% on interest,

20% on dividends, 20% on fees of

technical, administrative or like

nature, the message seems pretty

clear. Government does not want

outside investors."

"It should also be remembered

that our income taxes are based on

a source concept so that income

arising locally is also liable to income tax," he said.

Senator Partridge forecast that

the outcome this year would be the

same as last, and he listed:

• Revenues would not be up to

expectations.

• Expenditure in ministries

would not be curtailed but in some

cases, exceeded.

• Capital development

objectives will not be achieved.

• Inflation will be high.

• Balance of payments difficulties will continue and import

allocations will be reduced.

• Price and wage controls will

continue.

• Profits will be low. private

sector development reduced, and

there would be little private investment from outside the country.

• A further devaluation would

probably occur.

"I hope I am proved wrong on

every count". Senator Partridge

told the Senate.

He said the only solution was a

complete turnabout on the part of

Government. He said a positive

approach was needed to encourage

private enterprise. "Socialism in

Zimbabwe with half the population on a subsistence economy is

no answer whatsoever."

162
ZIMBABWE

MUZENDA SAYS PRIVATE SECTOR MUST DECENTRALIZE INDUSTRIES

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Oct 83 p 1

[Text]

UNLESS the private

sector takes concrete

steps to decentralise

its industries the imbalance in development between rural

and urban areas will

continue, \he Deputy

Prime Minister, Cde

Simon Muzenda, said

yesterday.

Cde Muzenda said despite Zimbabwe being

more industrialised than

many African countries,

the majority of Zimbabweans still had a low

standard of living.

At the moment resources were concentrated in the main urban

centres and yet the

majority of the people

lived in rural areas.

Speaking during, the'

opening of Plate Glass

Mupandawana branch in

Gutu, Cde Muzenda said

that with the rising demand for various products throughout the

country, distribution

costs to rural centres

would be reduced drastically and enable businessmen to make a profit.

In order to lift the

living standard of the

masses, it was imperative that the private sector should co-operate

with the Government because it was the private

sector that controlled

the major resources of

the country. It was

therefore reasonable that

both the private and

public sectors should be

partners ' in the pursuit

of the social and economic advancement of society as a whole.

For the country to be

economically viable the

people should be contented and that could

only come if the fruits

of modern industrial society reached the majority of the people.

"That is why it is essential to be socially

conscious of our obligations in both sectors,"

Cde Muzenda said.

The interaction between .the Government

and the private sector

should lead to a policy of

shifting away from the

old-fashioned notion of

individual profit gain in

business. Instead enterprises should recognise

the notion of "growth

with equity" both at the

firm's level and the national level.

For economic growth

to be meaningful to society, it should benefit

the society which has

made such growth possible in the first place.

If the contradictions

between excessive love

of profit and the welfare

of the people were to be

reduced, the private

sector should view the

development of economically viable co-operatives as a complementary phenomenon in the

national economy. It was

in the -interest of the

nation as a whole to

eliminate unemployment

through the formation of

co-operatives.

The Deputy Prime

Minister praised Plate

Glass for paying attention to the underdeveloped areas of the

country. He hoped others

would emulate the example.

The decision by the

company to lay more

emphasis on rural activity was well founded and

might even encourage

other businessmen to

expand to rural areas

without fear of high

costs.

The Government would

ensure that growth

points became generators of progress. From

the growth points socioeconomic development

would spread to cover a

given region with reasonable speed.

CSO: 3400/238

163
ZIMBABWE

MUZENDA NOTES OBJECTIVES OF SOCIALIST EDUCATION

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Oct 83 p 1

[Text] Schoolchildren should develop an understanding of socialist theory,

the Deputy Prime Minister, Cde Muzenda, said yesterday.

He told parents and pupils at Allan Wilson School prize-giving day in

Harare that "a scientific acquisition of socialist concepts enables you to

understand and appreciate the society we are building."

Zimbabwe's budget for education rose from $104,2m in 1969 to $414,lm in 1983

as school enrolments increased from 800 000 to just under 2,5m. The number

of teachers employed during the same period went up from 22 000 to just under

63 000.

"The people's legitimate expectations for more and better schools had to be

satisfied. This is socialism in education and educational objectives in

socialist Zimbabwe must be viewed in the context of our national goals," he

said.

Cde Muzenda said the basis of socialism in education in Zimbabwe since

independence was found in the Government's economic policy statement—

Growth With Equity—in which it was stated that the fundamental and ultimate

goal of the people of Zimbabwe was the establishment and development of a

democratic, egalitarian and socialist society.

From such a policy followed the educational policy which made access to

education a basic right to be accorded to every Zimbabwean child, regardless

of race, colour, sex, tribe, ethnic group, social class, the wealth of

parents or their position in life.

To implement such a policy, he said, a number of decisions, including enabling

legislation, had to be taken. Firstly, the Government had to accord the

education vote a top priority. Secondly, the Government decided to declare

primary education free to all Zimbabwean children and thirdly, access to

secondary school was made available to the majority of primary school leavers

by the establishment of more than 450 new day rural secondary schools and

the expansion of existing mission and Government secondary schools from 1981,

Bridging the gap between the urban and rural areas was a socialist measure.

164
He said the Zintec programme was introduced to try to meet the increased

demand for teachers by the expanded school system and the former exclusive

white community schools were abolished by the Education Amendment Act of

1981.

"As a result of these decisions and implementation, the socialist principles

of making the people both the object and the means of socialist policies

were manifestly demonstrated by the quantitative expansion of the schools'

enrolments since independence."

Education and manpower development was one principal way of resolving

the "inherited socio-economic contradiction."

Cde Muzenda also said that education must aim to develop attitudes, values

and motivation of national unity and national security.

He also said that an individual within the education group must aim to

achieve these objectives:

—Personal development and fulfilment for the individual;

—Development of attitudes of self-reliance and community service where the

philosophy of education with production fits in;

—Development of social and technical skills; and

—Theoretical understanding of socialism—an ideology which addresses itself

to the problem of society and the masses.

To realise some of these broad socialist objectives, it had already been

decided that greater emphasis be placed on practical subjects like science,

technology, management skills, local culture and local African languages.

He added that socialism in education should also emphasise physical culture

as the whole security of "our socialist oriented state depends to a very

large extent on the physical state of its youths."

CSO; 3400/238

165
SMALL ENCYCLOPEDIA ON NATION PUBLISHED

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 30 Oct 83 p 6

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

CSO: 3400/238

A SMALL encyclopedia, Zimbabwe —

A Handbook, giving

facts and figures about

the country, has just

been published.

Compact and clear-cut,

the 12 chapters cover the

physical nation, system

of government, art, culture, recreation and

sport and the- flaura and

fauna* of the country.

Written by John and

Margaret House and

Beryl Salt, with illustrations by Sylvia Bird,

it took 21 years ta produce because of the

many changes since independence.

it will be periodically

updated and supplements

in terms of minerals and

agricultural products

will be printed.

In the foreword, the

Minister of Information,

Posts and Telecommunications, Dr Nathan

Shamuyarira, commented: "The immediate impact is that this is &

highly comprehensive

work, covering every

possible aspect of life

in Zimbabwe.

"A number of propagandistic guides and

handbooks on Rhodesia

appeared during the

years of the ccflonialist

settler regime. These

were a sad travesty of

the truth, no more a reflection of the country

itself than a blurred

image in a muddy pool."

Zimbabwe — A Handbook is aimed at foreign

embassies, new immigrants, schools and people in SADCC countries

who need to know about

Zimbabwe.

A spokesman for Mercury Press, who published the book, said: "It

will provide a benchmark against which

future achievement may:

be measured."

He said he believed

the external market for

the bcok would be as big

as the internal one.

The book should be on

bookshop shelves by the

middle of the week.

166
ZIMBABWE

NATIONAL DELEGATION-ROMANIAN CHAMBER OF COMMERCE SIGN AGREEMENT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Oct 83 p 9

LTextJ

PLANS for possible Romanian,

assistance in setting up small-scale

cottage industrial projects in

Zimbabwe were discussed recently

between the Zimbabwe National

Chamber of Commerce and the

Romanian Ministry of Light and

Chemical Industry.

The discussions were held in

Bucharest during a visit to

Romania by a ZNCC delegation

led by its president, Mr Abner

Botsh. The delegation was

attending the»Bucharest international Trade Fair.

Mr Botsh told The Gazette that

the delegation had a meeting with

representatives of the Romanian

Chamber of Commerce, and

managers of a number of

companies dealing in foreign

trade.

The two sides discussed possible

items that could be imported from

Zimbabwe and items that could be

exported to Romania. Among the'

items that could be imported from

Romania were chemicals, urea,

raw materials for the asbestos

industry, - small-scale production

machinery, and textiles. .

Possible imports from

Zimbabwe included horticultural

products, tobacco, minerals, and

canned fruits. Romania is

suffering from a shortage * of

foreign exchange and the possibilities of barter trade were explored.

Mr Botsh and his members

visited a self-contained cooperative community otftside

Bucharest. They were shown

various cottage industries,,

including, furniture, building

materials, food processing, and

transport.

A meeting with the Central Co-"

operative — a body which coordinates the purchasing and

marketing for co-operatives —was

arranged. Plans for possible

assistance for the body were

discussed.

The Zimbabwean delegation and

the Romanian Chamber of

Commerce signed a protocol

agreement which calls on both

chambers to improve cooperation!

and communication in the promotion oftrade.

Mr Botsh invited the president

of the Romanian Chamber to visit

the Bulawayo International Trade

Fair next year. The invitation was

accepted in principle.

CSO; 3400/225

167
ZIMBABWE

'UNFAIR' PRICE CONTROLS MAY IMPAIR PLANT'S VIABILITY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Oct 83 p 5

[ Text J THE viability of Africa's $4 million penicillin plant, soon to be

commissioned at CAPS Holdings

Limited's factory in Harare, is

expected to be adversely affected

by existing "unfair" price

controls.

CHL's managing director, Mr

David Porter, told The Gazette

that importers of finished pharmaceuticals are permitted to pass on

their costs to the consumer in a

60% mark-up. Manufacturers,

such as CAPS, he said, are not

allowed to pass on their higher

costs of production in the same

way.

"As a result", he said, "the

manufacturing arm of CAPS has

been rewarded for its $4 million

investment in plant and machinery, with a pricing formula that

makes it impossible for manufacturers to break even".

Had this pricing policy been in

force when the expansion was

planned, said Mr Porter, he would

not have been able to recommend

to the board that they go ahead

with it.

Nevertheless, "the final phase of

the development, which constitutes

the most advanced penicillin plant

in Africa, is near completion, and

the plant will shortly be commissioned", said Mr Porter.

Mr Porter plans to raise the

output of the new manufacturing

facility "to the level of its new

capacity through large scale

exports to territories to the north

of us".

CSO: 3400/225

168
ZIMBABWE

GROWTH POINTS PLAN 'GOOD'

Harare THE HERALD in English 31 Oct 83 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

THERE has never been doubt that the plan 1o set up growth

points as a strategy to end the twin evils of rural poverty and

urban drift is a good one. The trouble is getting it off the

ground.

By far the biggest stumbling block to the plan is the lack

of job opportunities in rural areas. And without jobs there can

be no growth.

Times may be tough -t- many firms are battling — and

doubtless this is a considerable factor in the lack of momentum,

but so, too, is a disappointing reluctance on the part of many

in the private sector to take a chance.

This negative response is not only unacceptable to the transformation process,'but exposes a deplorable lack of initiative

which bodes ill for swift economic recovery for Zimbabwe once

fhe recession comes to an end.

Some firms — still far too few — have refused to give way

to apathy and have moved at least part of their operations to

designated growth points. One agrees with the Deputy Prime

Minister, Cde Muzenda, speaking in Gutu on Thursday, that

their confidence and drive deserves high praise.

Cde Muzenda also made the point that it is in the rural

areas that the construction programme, despite cutbacks, is still

in full swing. Its needs are great and those nearest at hand to

supply them must inevitably benefit most.

169
Inducement enough one would think.

But motives hardly matter. What does is for more firms to

take the plunge, generating the necessary ''pull effect".

At the weekend Harare again witnessed the rounding up of

squatters and the destruction of their squalid shanties. Such

severe measures may be essential, but are no less distressing.

Nor do they provide a permanent solution.

Squatter camps are like the mythical hydra. Chop off its

many heads and it immediately grows others. Destroy one set

of shanties and another springs up elsewhere.

The rapid development of viable growth points is the only

practical means to reverse the magnetic pull of the cities.

CSO: 3400/238

170
ZIMBABWE

WHEAT RESERVES REPORTEDLY LOW, RAIN DAMAGE UNESTIMATED

Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Oct 83 p 5

[Text]

ALTHOUGH farmer« have already delivered

about half the expected 100 000 tonnes of wheat

from this year's winter crop, stocks have run

down, the general manager of the Grain Marketing Board, Mr Bill Long, said yesterday.

He said the quality cf grain that was coming in

was good.

CSO: 3400/238

This year Australia

supplied Zimbabwe with

20 000 tonnes of wheat in

.exchange for maize ordered under the World Food

Programme • for other

countries. The United

States had also delivered

a gift of 20 000 tonnes.

The chief executive of

the Commercial Grain

Producers' Association,

Mrs Pat Henson, said the

organisation was concerned that it had so far not

been able to estimate the

damage inflicted on wheat

crops by the recent rains.

"We are worried about

rain because it tends to

affect, the grade that can

be delivered," she said.

"Since there is a wheat

shortage, we are anxious

that the quality of what

we can afford to deliver

should not be spoiled."

Main wheat growing

regions are Lomagundi,

Mazowe Valley-Glendale,

Harare and Middle Sabi.

Very little was grown in

Matabeleland this year

because of the security

situation.

A Met spokesman said

that" during the last 24

hours a few thunderstorms were reported

along the watershed,

which covers Bulawayo,

Gweru, Harare and the

Eastern Highlands.

And in the next two

davs, rain is expected to

the north of the watershed, which includes Lomagundi.

"It is going to be less

than what we have received so far."

171
ZIMBABWE

GOVERNMENT'S USE OF LAKE WATER 'SERIOUS' FOR BULAWAYO SUPPLIES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Oct 83 p 5

[TextJ

THE 'Indiscriminate" use ofLake

Cunningham water, 80 km from

Bolawayo, for irrigation purposes

by the Government was described

as a serious matter at a meeting of

the Bolawayo City Council last

week'.

Discussing the city's water

supply problems, Councillor M L

Constandinos estimated that,

without any more run-off, the

city's municipal dams were now

only about 30% full and held only

about 10 more months supply.

About 7270 ofthe city's remaining

water requirements had to come

from the Inyankuni Dam, which

could only pump one-third of its

requirements.

He said that Lake Cunningham

had been' built so that council

could be assured of water for the

next 10 years. But it would only

come on stream in 1985 and was

already down to 50% of its

capacity.

INDISCRIMINATE

He blamed this on the indiscriminate use of the lake's water by

the Government, which had taken

the whole yield for irrigation

purposes between June 1982 and

July 1983.

This posed a very important

question, he said, because Lake

Cunningham was the only dam not

owned by the council although the

council had paid for 79,5% of its

construction with ratepayers'

money.

He added that the position was

now becoming critical. There

appeared to be "no intention on

Government's part to pay for the

water it had used". He felt that the

council was in a position to claim

costs from the Government and

that the matter had to be given

serious consideration.

The water situation should be

brought home to all users and the

facts about Lake Cunningham

must be stressed to the Government, as the dam would be an

.essential source of water for the

city.

Alderman E Hoyle agreed that

the question of the abstraction of

water from Lake Cunningham by

the Government should be taken

up. It was a serious matter and

should not be overlooked.

According to minutes of the

meeting held on October 5,

councillors discussed other

problems such as burst pipes and

efforts to restrict the over-use of

water by industrialists and

consumers in Bulawayo's low

density eastern areas.

It was said that if the council's

dams did not get. any substantial

run-off this year, then contingency

plans would have to be considered

now to try ' to "contain the

position-".

The Mayor, air E Mdlongwa,

agreed that every possible way

should be explored to again alert

the public to the -serious water

situation.

The council meeting resolved to

take action and on October 19 the

town clerk published a detailed

advertisement outlining the need

for more water restrictions.

LOOK AHEAD

It warned that it was now

necessary to "look ahead" to the

situation in 1984 at the Ncema and

Umzingwane dams if these did not

get sufficient run-offthis season.

This would require "drastic

restrictions" and it could be

necessary to "cut all domestic

consumption to 14 kilolitres a

month" and to cut non-domestic

consumption by 50%, said the

advertisement.

It appealed to all non-domestic

consumers to start now on water

economy measures and added that

the water supply situation was

under continual review by the city

council. The public would be

informed of any significant change

in the situation.

CS0: 3400/225

172
CATTLE FARMERS THROUGHOUT MANICALAND RILED BY ABATTOIR'S CLOSURE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Oct 83 p 1

ZIMBABWE

[TextJ

THE Col* Storage Commission is

to dose the Mutare abattoir in

December and from then on

operate only a cold store and

processing centre in Manicaland.

Livestock farmers throughout

the province are upset over this

move which they said was a breach

of a long-standing agreement with

the CSC and would result in great

inconvenience to cattle producers

in the area.

Last week a meeting was held

in Mutare between the Manicaland

Cattle Producers' Association,

representatives of the Mutare City

Council, the Master Butchers'

Association and the CSC to discuss

the imminent closure of the

abattoir on December 31.

Following the meeting on

Friday, October 21, the chairman

of the Manicaland Cattle Producers' Association, Mr D M

Wiggins, said in a statement that

all the cattle producers in the area

"remained extremely concerned"

at the continued insistence by the

CSC that the abattoir would be

closed.

"Considerable inconvenience

will be caused to our cattle producers, as the flexibility and ease of

obtaining bookings at the Mutare

works will no longer exist," he

said.

"The MCPA is continuing to

discuss the matter in order to reach

a satisfactory solution to the

problem."

The town clerk of Mutare

expressed "dismay" at the lack of

notice given to the city. He said

that as at the date of the meeting

no official notification had yet

been received about the matter.

It was also noted that the O'ty of

Mutare had a written undertaking

from the CSC to maintain a slaughter facility in Manicaland and

that, because the abattoir "had not*

been maintained and updated on

an ongoing basis," the decision

to close the facility appeared even

more high-handed.

A cattle fanner told a Gazette

reporter this week: "The truth is

that the CSC find the Mutare

abattoir uneconomic. It is costing

them more than if they had the

cattle slaughtered at Marondera or

Masvingo. But everyone except

the CSC wants the Mutare abattoir to stay open here because it is

more efficient than a new distribution cold centre would be, even

though it has received less

maintenance over the years than

other abattoirs."

He said that the CSC took over

the abattoir in 1946 on the clear

understanding that it would

maintain the facility to service

. Manicaland.

Asked to comment the general

manager of the CSC, Mr Eddie

Cross, told a Gazette reporter this

week that he attended the meeting

at Mutare last week to clear up

."misconceptions" about the

future of the CSC operations in

Manicaland.

He confirmed that the CSC's

abattoir in that area would be

closed at the end of this year. The

decision had only been taken after

an extended study of the condition

of the existing plant and

alternative options for. future

development.

Following reports by consultants

it had been decided that it would

be in the best interests of all

concerned to close down the

slaughter facilities, which were in a

very poor condition, he said.

173
After the closure of slaughter

facilities, the CSC would keep the

rest of the plant operational until

such time as a planned new cold

store and processing plant had

been completed. There would,

therefore, be no disruption in the

supply of beef and offal to local

retailers.

Mr Cross said it was acknowledged that, in terms of the 1946

agreement, the CSC was obliged to

provide the city of Mutare and '

fanners in the province with

slaughter and meat wholesaling

facilities.

"The Commission feels that it

has taken all necessary steps to

protect the interests of ail parties

and that apart from inconvenience

to certain commercial farmers

there would be no economic

prejudice to producers or

consumers," he said.

"The CSC also felt that the

terms of an agreement reached in

1946, or 37 years ago, could not be

rigidly applied today. The

solutions proposed were the most

cost-effective and were based on

national, rather than regional.,

interests."

During his visit to Mutare to

attend the meeting last week, Mr

Cross together with the Mutare

branch manager and the chief

planning officer of the Mutare

Council visited several potential

sites for the new CSC plant.

A decision would be made

shortly on the acquisition of a new

site which would be at least twice

the size ofthe existing factory site,

which was not considered suitable

for further extension, he said.

The new plant was expected to

cost SI ,6 million. Preliminary

work on the design had been

started and it was hoped that

construction of the new facility

could begin early in 1984 so that

the complex could be opened in

early 1985.

The new plant would be of

modern design. It would provide

facilities to receive and despatch

beef and produce a wide range of

cuts and products for sale to local

retailers. It would be the first plant

of this kind to be built in

Zimbabwe and would be a major

step towards fulfilment of the

Government's goal of active participation in the more efficient distribution of beef and beef byproducts. It was hoped that the

new plant would be a model on

which the later development in

Bulawayo and Harare would be

based.

Mr Cross said that although the

new plant would not initially have

facilities for slaughter of cattle,

due to proposed changes in the

nature of the plant„there would be

no loss in employment as a result

ofthe developments.

"Full provision is to be made for

the future construction of a

modern abattoir which would be

built when beef production and

consumption in the Eastern

District justified it," he said.

He added that the CSC regretted

the need to withdraw slaughter

facilities to local farmers.

CSO: 3400/225

174
MAJOR JAPANESE TRADING FIRM SIGNS CONTRACT FOR FERROCHROME

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Oct 83 p 20

ZIMBABWE

LTextJ NISSHO Iwgi Corporation — a

major Japanese trading house —

recently signed a contract with the

Minerals Marketing Corporation

of Zimbabwe for the purchase of

about $2 million worth of ferrochrome for export to Japan;

• The general manager of the

Nissho Iwai Harare liaison office,

Mr Hiroshi Sato, told The Gazette

in an interview that the ferrochrome will be shipped to Japan

this year.

No comment was available from

the Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe on the deal. No

figures were available on the

quantities sold.

The Corporation is also looking

at other possible exports to Japan;

mainly agricultural products and

minerals.

"Imports from Japan are valued

at about $50 million to $60 million

annually and exports from Zim?

babwe to Japan are around $30

million annually. And most of the

goods imported from Japan are

automobiles or automobile kits.

"It's quite difficult for us to get

business here as far as imports are

concerned so we are looking for

exports from Zimbabwe, especially

minerals and agricultural

products.

"Last year we exported maize

from this country, but, unfortunately, this year we can't export

because of the drought. But we are

also looking at other agricultural

products like coffee and sugar",

Mr Sato said.

"Before UDI we were one ofthe

major importers of tobacco leaf

from this country, and after

independence, we tried again fo

find a chance to export tobacco

leaf to Japan. But it is now

difficult for Zimbabwean tobacco

to re-enter the Japanese market

because alternative markets were

found during the UDI period."

The general manager said incentives would probably re-activate

interest in Zimbabwean tobacco in

Japan. Talks may already have

been held in this connection, Mr

Sato said.

Nissho Iwai has not made investments in Zimbabwe as yet because

it has not found a viable company

to invest in. The Corporation is

normally interested in joint

ventures and has such Ventura

with companies throughout the

world, he said.

On the general attitude of

Japanese investors towards Zimbabwe, Mr Sato said: "I think

Japanese investors are not very

clear on the new scientific socialism policy of the government

here. They don't understand it and

they are a bit wary to invest here."

"However, we are organising

visits by Japanese businessmen to

come to Zimbabwe to look at the

investment opportunities and

study local conditions. They also

look at opportunities for import

and export", the general manager

said.

CSO: 3400/225

175
ZIMBABWE

TOBACCO SEASON "TURNS OUT BETTER THAN ANYONE DARED HOPE'

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 21 Oct 83 p 17

[ExcerptJ

IT was a season which could

have been a disaster, but which

has turned out better than

anyone dared hope.

Sales began on April 6, and

the market was at first depressed, though there was a

marked upward trend in grade

prices during May, coinciding

with an improvement in quality

and with the first annual visit

of traditional customers.

During June price levels in all

but the riper orange leaf

grades dropped back.

During the first 12 week

period, from April 6 until June

29, the total sold was

33 760 738 kg, at a value of

$54 441313, and an average

price of 161,17c/kg.

CONSIDERABLE CHANGES

From June 30 to September

21 there were Considerable

changes in the market. There

were a number of meetings

between the ZTA, the TTA, the

TRB and manufacturers' representatives. West European

manufacturers expressed disappointment in the lack of ripe

open grained styles in the crop,

believing that producers were

aiming to maximise yields to

the detriment of quality.

Assurances were given that this

was not the case; and the

imbalance of styles on offer

was due to drought conditions.

Despite the criticism of the

market, prices improved

steadily, reaching a seasonal

high of 223c/kg in the 20th

week of sales. During the last

four weeks of this period the

strong overall demand

persisted, maintaining weekly

averages close to 220c/kg.

The factors causing the

improvement included the

weakening of the Zimbabwe

dollar against the US dollar;

severe drought in the US

reducing crop size and

availability of export grades;

reduction by 22 million kg of

the Brazilian crop; the fact that

South African production was

below self-sufficiency and that

the Zimbabwe dollar depreciated further against the rand.

In addition, the Zimbabwe

crop turned out to be more

acceptable than forecasts had

indicated.

CSO: 3400/225

176
ZIMBABWE

EXPERIMENTS ON ETHANOL USING CARS MAY REDUCE FOREIGN CURRENCY DRAIN

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 14 Oct 83 p 2

[TextJ

THE Ministry of Industry and

Energy Development is currently

experimenting on a car running on

100% ethanol and another running

on 25% ethanol, the Deputy

Minister in the ministry, . Mr

Dzikamayi Mavhaire, said this

week.

Addressing the Zimbabwe National Army Staff College on

energy in Zimbabwe, the Deputy

Minister said so far there have not

been bad effects noticed on the

engines of these cars.

"If these experiments succeed

we expect to reduce the drain on

foreign currency being used to purchase petroleum from other countries."

Mr Mavhaire said depending on

its availability, ethanol is being

blended with petrol within the

range of 10 to 20%. And plans are

underway to expand production at

Triangle and to establish another

sugar ethanol plant at Chisumbanje.

Zimbabwe's bill for the importation of petroleum and petroleum

products has increased from $5,8

million in 1978 to $12,03 million in

1982, an increase of 206,40%.

PRICE TAG INCREASES

"Actually, our bill could have

been much'higher than this had we

not introduced the blending of

locally-manufactured ethanol with

petroleum products since the' price

tag continues to increase

creating serious balance of payment problems for the country".

Mr Mavhaire said.

There is a glut of crude oil in the

world, which is cheaper than it was

a few years back. But this does not

help Zimbabwe as the country does

not purchase crude oil.

"Instead then we purchase refined petroleum products which are

dearer than crude oil. When vou

add the transportation, insurance

... then you will realise why our

petrol is a little dear."

The Deputy Minister also said

the government has established a

rationing unit, "so that in the

event of a critical shortage of

petroleum, rationing can be implemented without delay".

CS0: 3400/225

177
ZIMBABWE

MAJOR WIRE PRODUCER FACING SURVIVAL THREAT FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 21 Oct 83 pp 1, 8

[ExcerptJ

ZIMBABWE'S major wire and

wire rod manufacturer, Lancashire

Steel of Kwekwe, is facing a threat

to its survival. Pressures in South

Africa are mounting to shut out its

small, but vital, export quota to

that country.

Lancashire Steel; a subsidiary of

British Steel, is of considerable

strategic importance, not only to

Zimbabwe but also for the whole

SADCC region. It is the only big

supplier of twire products in the

region which is completely ' independent of South Africa.

Even in South Africa itself,

many wire industry and secondary

manufacturers there regard it as an

independent source of the

materials, which prevents what

they regard as a possible monopoly

situation.

This could arise if South African

wire interests succeed in getting the

South African government to

reduce the level of Lancashire

Steel v imports from Zimbabwe.

Pressures are now being mounted

there to achieve this, said a

representative of the wire industry

in South Africa.

He is at present visiting Zimbabwe to examine the present position of Lancashire Steel on behalf

of South African wire importers.

During an interview he told a

Gazette reporter that the stateowned South African steel corporation, ISCOR, in conjunction

with the Haggie Rand and Consolidated Wire Industries (all interlinked) was pressing the South

African Government through the

Board of Trade to impose a 607»

cut in the import quota for Lancashire Steel products.

Several large South African importers were most concerned about

the possible success of this move,

he said. If a dispute was declared

and it succeeded, it would leave the

South African wire companies in a

monopoly position.

At present, he said, these industrialists can rely on Lancashire

Steel as an independent source of

essential wire supplies.

"Lancashire Steel is very significant as an independent source. Its

products are readily accepted by

South African customers in secondary industry who do not -wish tobe controlled by the two main

South African wire industries," he

said.

"But in- South Africa, unlike

Zimbabwe, the state-controlled

ISCOR corporation is highly protective of its interests. Under the

umbrella of permit control exports

are considered laudable, but imports are not."

He added that he hoped Zimbabweans were aware of what was

at stake.

"The importation of Lancashire

Steel products only amounts to 2%

of the whole South African market

for wire materials. This is not at all

unreasonable. The balance of

trade is overall 3:1 in South

Africa's favour. It is also 3:1 in

ISCOR's favour in terms ofsteel."

But despite this favourable

balance of trade, he said ISCOR

was "unhappy" about allowing, in

return, imports of the relatively

limited range of products which

Zimbabwe's developing steel industry could produce.

If Zimbabwe was not allowed to

export to South Africa, then how

was it expected to balance its trade,

he asked.

At present the export quota for

Lancashire Steel products to enter

South Africa was about 1 000 tonnes a month, said the representative.

CSO; 3400/225

The pressure group, through

ISCOR, now wanted this to be

reduced to a 400 tonnes limit a

month, a cut of 60% in the quota.

He said this was "totally out of

line" with any decline in the South

African production — which was

one of the points being claimed by

the group.

Reports on the "strategy and

motives" of the anti-Lancashire

Steel lobby had been presented to

the Department of Industry, Commerce and Tourism in South

Africa in an effort to counter this

claim, he said.

He added that to his .own

knowledge Lancashire Steel had

always been ready to negotiate, be

"reasonable" and cooperate

with the South African companies

in marketing its products.

"But the South African groups

must accept Lancashire Steel's

'right-to exist. A» import quota of

1 000 tonnes a month is not

unreasonable. Four hundred tonnes a month is."

He added: "It is not as if Lancashire Steel is making money out

of its exports. It is fighting for survival. Its losses amounted to $2,2

million last year and, technically, it

is nearly bankrupt."

As previously reported in The

Gazette, the Lancashire Steel company has faced considerable problems during the past year or two,

and the reduction of its export

trade to South Africa by 60%

would almost certainly lead to its

collapse and the possible loss of

employment for the '800 employees

in Kwekwe.

Lancashire Steel is one of the

few large companies in Zimbabwe

which is not under South-African

influence. Its exports of about $4

million a year (about 40% of

which comes from its South

African trade) are a valuable

foreign-exchange earner.

178
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ECONOMY 'ON UPTURN*—Applications for retrenchment, short time and unpaid

leave are right down and it looks as if the Zimbabwean economy is now on the

upturn, the Minister of Labour and Social Services, Cde Kumbirai Kangai, said

yesterday. He told a news conference in Harare yesterday that on his return

from the regional meeting of the International Labour Organisation held in

Tunis since October 3 he had found no applications for redundancies.

"Normally when I come back from one of these meetings there is a pile on my

desk." The minutes of a recent meeting of his senior officials showed that

there had been a large drop in applications for short time and unpaid leave.

"So it looks as if the Zimbabwean economy is moving out of the recession."

There was an understanding that industrialists building up their labour

force would give preference to those put on short time, given unpaid leave

or retrenched before looking further for staff. "I hope that the business

community will keep its promise." [Excerpt] [Harare THE HERALD in English

18 Oct 83 pp 1, 3]

NATION'S BORROWING POLICIES PRAISED—Zimbabwe has been commended in

international financial circles for its borrowing policies, the Minister

of Finance, Economic Planning and Development, Cde Bernard Chidzero, told

the Senate on Wednesday. This, he said, had come about with the introduction

of amendments to the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe Act altering the size of the

reserve ratio to 40 percent of the bank's foreign liabilities as opposed to

the old system where the bank's reserves were equal to 25 percent of all its

liabilities to the public. Speaking during the second reading of the Bill,

Cde Chidzero said that under the new arrangement Zimbabwe's borrowing

capacity would be determined on the basis of its foreign liabilities. Also

amended in the Bill are provisions relating to the appointment and functions

of the bank's senior officials. The minister assured the Senate that the

Government recognised the Reserve Bank as a key institution in the country's

banking sector "and thus we must maintain its probity and keep it free of

political interference."—Ziana [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English

21 Oct 83 p 3]

UNFPA D0NATI0N~The United Nations Fund for Population Activities has given

Zimbabwe US$3,5 million to assist in population and development projects over

the next five years, according to a UNFPA publication. The support is in

addition to US$450 000 given to Zimbabwe for the 1982 population census.

UNFPA which opened an office in Harare this year, will support maternal and

179
child health and child spacing projects undertaken by the Ministry of Health.

UNFPA support to the ministry will include advisory services on management,

procurement of contraceptives, upgrading of storage facilities, fellowships

for staff training and the supply of essential equipment. UNFPA aid will

also be used in population and family life education and communication. They

will support education curriculum development in line with Government

policies. UNFPA intends to get involved in formulation and evaluation of

population policy. They will help the Government establish a population

and development planning unit within the country's development structure.

This unit will be responsible for the integration of demographic factors

into developmental activities. [Text] [Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English

30 Oct 83 p 7]

OMBUDSMAN EXPLAINS DETENTION REVIEW DELAYS—The Ombudsman, Mr Justice Moodley,

has explained the causes of delays in the reviewing of detention cases. He

told Zimbabwe Television last night, that he had submitted recommendations to

the government on how the Detentions Review Tribunal should speed up the processesing of cases. Mr Justice Moodley said the tribunal has far too many

cases to review, resulting in delays. He added that some members of the tribunal are part-time, which makes is difficult to call them at short notice to

review cases. The ombudsman, who was speaking in his capacity as chairman of

the Detentions Review Tribunal, said cases are dealt with in chronological

order, beginning with those submitted first, and no special perference is

given to others. The ombudsman said he has received tremendous cooperation

from various ministries in so far as the investigation of cases of maladministration is concerned. [Text] [MB140844 Harare Domestic Service in English

0600 GMT 14 Nov]

TINTO INDUSTRIES WINS CONTRACT-TINTO Industries Limited recently won an

$800 000 contract to manufacture 169 trailers for the Central Mechanical

Equxpment Department under a Japanese aid scheme. The contract—part of a

whole contract for the manufacture of 264 trailers—may have rescued the jobs

for workers in the trailer division of the company who are already on a fourday week, according to Rio Tinto's house magazine, Profile. Under the contract, foreign currency for the materials is being made available. The trailer divxsion manager, Mr John Plumb, said there had been a sharp downturn in

sales due to the world recession. The drought had also caused commercial

farmers to cut down drastically on investment. "In addition, reduced

foreign currency allocations to TIL became sufficient for the production of

only one large trailer a month. The consequences were less work all round,

leadxng to a shorter working week for the majority of the employees. Other

government orders placed with TIL this year were for 18 independent trailers

for the Ministry of Water Development, two 54-tonne low loaders for the CMED

and three 50-tonne low loaders for the Zimbabwe National Army. These contracts

increased the trailer division's turnover by up to 50%, the journal said.

[Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Oct 83 p 8]

CSO: 3400/225

END

180