3.5 An overriding goal, and thus one of the most important political
conditions as well, must aim at the effective participation of all,
individually and in the group context, in the political process.

3.6 This means participation at all levels of decision making and in all
processes which may affect their interests.

3.7 This means that all must be able to serve at the highest legislative
and executive levels, whatever the future political system. This can also
mean, in fact, that in some paradigms the head of state and/or government
is not necessarily a white (as, indeed, is not excluded now), but the
office must be constituted and restrained by executive authority in such

a manner that the power associated with it cannot be used for the domination
of one group.

3.8 The above-cited participation, and thus power sharing as well, must
be of such a nature, however, that one group cannot rule over or dominate
another. The rights and aspirations of groups must be protected and
satisfied.

13238/12858
cso: 3401/15

55



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SAFTO BARRED FROM DISCUSSING SANCTIONS~-The South African Foreign Trade
Organization [SAFTO] has been barred from publicly discussing any issue
relating to foreign trade sanctions. SAFTO is a government agency, created
to encourage South African export business. Its general manager,

Warren Smith, has confirmed he is no longer allowed to comment on any
sanctions-related question, either on or off the record, to the media.

Mr Smith says the ban is unfortunate, as the organization is meant to
function as a promoter, but he recognizes South Africa is engaged in economic
warfare and trade information has to be limited. [Text] [Umtata Capital
Radio in English 0600 GMT 25 Nov 86] /8309

cso: 3400/461 END

119


DIVIDED COUNTRY SAID TO BE MNR AIM

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Nov 86 p 1

[Text]
THE MNR bandits,
having flooded our of
Malawi from late Sep-
tember, are now be-
lieved to be trying to
cut Mozambique in two
and set up some sort
of administration
north of the Zambezi
River, and they could
also intensify their at.
tacks on the Beira Cor-
ridor,

These acts of terrorism
are seen to
supported
Africa which wants the
MNR to establish itself
finally as a political force
and so complete the de-
stabilisation of Mozam-
bique.-

‘This would permanently
end Mozambique’s capa-
city to support any. lib-

eration struggle inside
South ‘Africa, and by
greatly delaying the re-
commissioning of the
Beira Corridor, would con-
tinue the dependence on
South Africa of countries
such as Zimbabwe and so
stall the imposition of.
sanctions against the
apartheid regime,
Sources have told ‘The
Herald that the MNR has
cbeen concentrating its
forces’ in the Zambezia
and Tete provinces —

/12828

CSO: 3400/453

which lie north of the
Zambezi on each side of
the spur of southern
Malawi. The bandits are
attacking centres in up to
pattalion strength.

Zambezia is the richest
province of Mozambique
and at one time, with its
mineral and agricultural
wealth, accounted for at
jeast half of all Mozam-
bican export earnings:

In the past month a
number of administrative
centres. have been over-
run: by heavily armed

capture of the bandits is
the bridge over the Zam-
bezi linking the towns of
Sena and Dons. This is
the longest road and rail
bridge in Africa and car-
ries the only rail line lin-
king north and south
Mozambique. The only
other rail bridge across
ie Tiver is at Victoria
‘The sources, some of
whom have recently been
briefed by Mozambican
leaders, have said that
the South “Africans are
arming the MNR througa
Malawi — despite the
Nkommati ‘Accord which
forbids such behaviour — «
8o thet the bandit organ-
isation can establish it-
self in the north, thus
giving it some political
statug, °
‘The sources interpret
the recent mass move-
ment of the MNR out

21

on

of Malawi mainly to the
Malawian government
being

to blockade Malawi”.

The positive aspect of
this Malawian move, said’
the sources, was that the
MNR could no longer rely

Malawi as a
Tear base and for supplies
and would be forced to
rely on being resupplied
from the sea,

By concentrating on

the north, the MNR is

not in the same. position
as the Unita bandits in

aimed at cutting a coun-
try in two to destabilise

it totally.

‘Untta operates in the
south and can obtain sup-
Plies and military support.
from South African ge-
Lary forces ne

support it
has been cuuclal more
than once in the face of
determined Angolan
drives to crush the ban-
its, They also receive
st ies through Zaire,
ie MNR operations in
the north are going to be
extremely difficult for
the organisation as it was
in these areas that
Frelimo first established
iteelf when it began the
armed struggle using

Tanzania as # rear base

and politicising the

people,

t By thé time of the Por-
ese 5

Mozambican

dence in 1975 much
of thig area could be con.

, eidered as berated by

Frelimo fighters,

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

The acale of the MNR
attacks is so vast, said
the sources; that it is ob-
vious that someone with
massive resources is be-
Pages Soares

po ut
Africa.

Among the centres at~
tacked and occupied by
the MNR are: Zumbo,

and bwe; Milange
near the south-eastern
border Malawi; and

where 3000 houses were
destroyed; and Alto
Molocue and Mutarara
also in Zambezig to the
west of Malawi in the

lon. * eye

platear regi or



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in.parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



COUNTRY'S RATE OF INFLATION SUBSIDING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 4 Nov 86 p 23

{Text ]

THE country’s sky-high
inflation rate of almost 20
percent should moderate
sharply in the next 24
months— and even in the *
next 12 — if the Friedma-
nite view is to be believed
that growth in the money
supply dictates, with a
lag, the growth rate of in-
flation.

Latest figures from the
Department of Finance’s
“Financial Perspective” |
show that growth in the
money supply __has
plunged from a high of
23,4 percent in 1981 to
11,7 percent at end-July
this year and the prelimi-
nary figure for August
“suggests a further de-
cline in the percentage”.

The department's fig-
ures are based on the M3
definition of money sup-
ply — that is, banknotes
and coins in circulation
plus deposits with bank-
ing institutions, building
societies and the post of-
fice.

‘Among more than a
dozen leading private sec-
tor economists and plan-
ners questioned yester-

/12828
CSO: 3400/445

day, not one felt the rate
of inflation would subside
in “this simplistic way

“Explained one: “No-
one still. believes. the
Friedman principle is the

be-all and end-all.

“Certainly it has a
place — if you can keep
the growth in government
spending and in the
money supply well below
the rate of inflation con-
tinuously for two or three
years, then there is a ten-
dency for inflation to
come down quite dramat-
ically — as it did in the
US and UK some years
ago.
“But for socio-political
as well as abnormal econ-
omic reasons, there are
forces at work in South
Africa which can greatly
distort the
supply/inflat
tion.

“In particular, we have
too little. money chasing
too many expensive prio-
tities — few of them pro-
ductive in a direct econ-
omic sense except rela-
tively very long-term.

“One thinks of priori-
ties like Black housing,
rural development, the

115

need to do without for-
eign investment, sanc-
tions and market and
technology replacements
spending.”

Most optimistic view is
that the rate of inflation
will subside to about 17
percent next year, 15/16
percent in 1988 and 14
percent in 1989. — Sapa.

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



The attitude of students in some urban areas is cause for concern. "Regular
learning habits are being lost; students don't bring their books to school and
aren't willing to do homework or accept teachers’ authority or allow their
work to be evaluated by examinations and tests," he said.

Many teachers also have a negative picture of themselves because of poor
salaries and children who do not show respect. Today 49.4 percent of black
teachers are 30 years old or younger, while senior students are either teens
or in their early twenties.

Also important is the fact that a generation is growing up of "street
children," led by young people who have been rejected by the educational
system, Dr Hartshorne said.

The Department points out that incidents in schools have decreased since the
adoption of security and other measures and that instruction is back to nomal
in many areas.

Tomorrow: Problems in black education; how it is run and what it
accomplishes.

[21 Oct 86 p 15]

(Article: "Problems Block Equal Educational Opportunity"; first paragraph is
DIE BURGER introduction]

(Text] The Government has committed itself to eventual equal educational
opportunity for all South Africans but points out that this cannot come about
overnight. Black education is behind in many ways and faces unique problems.
In today's article education correspondent Grietjie Odendaal outlines some of
the problems, as well as what has already been accomplished.

The Government has repeatedly committed itself to equal educational
opportunity for all South Africans, regardless of sex, race, religion, and
color. At the same time, it points out that equality cannot come about
overnight, given the differences in historical background and current
circumstances, and the rising costs of education.

The importance of education is clear from this year's budget of R6,082.5
million for education in South Africa, which is even more than the R5,257
million for defense. ‘The budget for black education this year was R1,157.83
million, 27.8 percent more than in the previous fiscal year (the figure for
white education is R3,069.285 million).

In dealing with demands raised during school boycotts, the Government pointed
out that acceptance of the Department of Education and Training's good
intentions is important to the restoration of order in education and stability
in the black comunity.

The original reasons given for the boycotts included the introduction of

student grades, the removal of age restrictions, affairs between male teachers
and schoolgirls, and excessive use of corporal punishment.

64



"The hesitancy surprises me. The state president should not hesitate. Perhaps
the white leadership does not feel it has the backing it needs for this change.
The state president should call responsible leaders together and discuss.

"Some people make conditions before talking. I do not see the need for the
condition that certain people should be allowed there before we discuss. If
we could get the best brains it would be to our advantage, but to wait until
someone is there is a defeatist viewpoint," he said.

/12232
cso: 3400/449

75



To explain their company's failures, the workers point to instability in the
position of manager (the plant is currently operating with its 12th manager);
standard prices throughout the republic, a fact that in their view creates a
loss that must be made up considering the costs of transporting goods over
long distances.

The workers also mentioned the separation of the import and export accounts
and poor management. In this regard, it has not been possible for some time to
certify the accounts of the SOMIEX boards of directors. Should it be admitted
that some SOMIEX workers are rich and that SOMIEX is experiencing difficul~
ties? There are also the activities of what are referred to as the "untouch~
ables," i.e., the traders and businessmen through whom SOMIEX imports certain
essential products.

People know these traders and their names which are mentioned in the hall.
They get rich at the expense of SOMIEX but serve the "sordid interests of a
minority," to repeat the expression of the president of the republic who
stated that no one is untouchable. Providing SOMIEX with merchandise at exor~
bitant prices, the company sometimes sells it back to them at a very low
price, as was the case this year when SOMIEX sold off its supplies of sugar to
the traders in order to pay off the Mali Development Bank (BDM), thus regis~
tering a loss of CFA fr 2.5 billion by selling the sugar at a loss. It should
also be stressed that for the first 6 months of the 1986 fiscal year, the
company showed a deficit of 3.5 billion, after the state had renounced 4.5
billion in taxes that SOMIEX owes the public treasury.

As long as SOMIEX does business with middlemen, it will never get on its feet,
warned General Moussa Traore, insisting on the need to put an end to the
"infernal cycle" of middlemen. The head of state, moreover, agreed to employee
demands to reestablish SOMIEX's monopoly of a certain number of products; this
monopoly had been abolished by a decree of the minister of finances and trade
dating from 15 August 1986. These products are: sugar, tea, soap, oil, salt,
cement, and flour.

In agreeing to worker demands, the head of state also warned them of the fact
that they must accept the restrictions resulting from the monopoly. After
exhorting the employees to avoid compromise and to assume all their responsi-
bilities, the secretary general of the party emphasized that he would not
allow SOMIEX to become a burden on the Malian state. Nevertheless, he under=
scored the usefulness of the plant and declared that he favored its restora-
tion.

9824
CSO: 3419/18

1



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

STUDIES ON NEW MOSSEL BAY GAS REFINERY SITE OUTLINED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 24 Oct 86 pp 1-2

[Text] Mossel Bay--The Southern Cape gas refinery is to be built outside
Mossel Bay between the railroad, the N2 highway and the Herbertsdale road, the
director general of Mineral and Energy Affairs, Dr Louw Alberts, said here
yesterday afternoon.

Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs Danie Steyn has already approved the
purchase of the land in the vicinity of the Bartelsfontein branch line. A
selling price has already been negotiated with the various owners, and the
area is large enough to later double the facility, if necessary.

Dr Alberts emphasized that the "government has thus far given no consideration
to the possible postponement of the project."

"However, as is the case with any gigantic project of this nature, there are a
number of factors that influence its feasibility, and a complete report will
have to be presented to the Cabinet for a final decision. It is expected that
this will be presented by the end of 1987. In the meantime, the public will
be kept informed about the study insofar as this is possible."

Dr Alberts said that the area in question is " excellently suited" to the gas
facility, according to meteorological and topographic studies. A project team
that recently restudied the area found that the placement of the gas facility
will be acceptable from an environmental point of view.

Favorable

Furthermore, the soil is not highly productive for agricultural purposes, it
is rather far from populated areas and cannot be seen from any residential
areas. The building site is also well situated with respect to road and
railroad connections as well as electrical supply.

The necessary infrastructure, such as an airport, harbor facilities, shopping
centers and fuel distribution points, is already present in the vicinity.
"The position of the facility is also extremely favorable for the gas pipeline
from the ocean platform."

70


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT TO HALT KWACHA DECLINE--Comrade President Kaunda has revealed that
the party and its government will not hesitate to take any measures it may find
necessary to curb the depreciation of the kwacha. Comrade Kaunda said this

in Mongo today, adding that the party and its government will continue to
monitor the situation closely (?and) it will introduce a number of measures

to (?address) the problems. Stressing that Zambia, like many other countries,
was still facing severe economic problems, Comrade Kaunda said the party and
its government shared the same sentiment as most people in the country about
the continuing depreciation of the kwacha, the wide fluctuations in the
kwacha~dollar exchange, and the subsequent high cost of living. Comrade Kaunda
also expressed concern over the global effects of the heavy external debt from
Third World countries which he said was now estimated at over $900 billion.
[Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 21 Nov 86] /8309

ZAMBIA, ZAIRE RAISE COBALT PRICE--The price of cobalt has risen sharply on

the free market following an agreement signed on Wednesday in Kitwe between
Zambia and Zaire to fix the producer price on $7.00 a ton, up from the previous
level of $3.00. Prices were bid up on the European free market from around
$4.50 to $6 a ton. Traders now say that the price should remain steady at just
above $6, provided the agreement is adhered to, [Text] [Lusaka Domestic
Service in English 0600 GMT 21 Nov 86] /8309

CSO: 3400/459

28



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S CARLISLE COMMENTS ON WITHDRAWAL FROM COUNCIL
MB251253 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1238 GMT 25 Nov 86

[Text] Cape Town, Nov 25, SAPA--The government "hijacking" of a President's
Council report on the Group Areas Act was a signal to the white electorate that
reform had now come to an end, Mr Robin Carlisle, the PFP leader in the council
said today. He announced that he and his two colleagues in the council,

Mr Pieter Schoeman and Mr James Rennie, had given notice that they would move
the discussion of the report at the council's first plenary session and that
they had “withdrawn from all" undertakings to the council until then. "We

are also not prepared to wait indefinitely for a plenary session," Mr Carlisle
said. If it became apparent that the government was not prepared to hold a
plenary session to prevent discussion of the report by January next year, "we
will have to take another look at our situation.”

Mr Carlisle spoke at a press conference following a meeting of the steering
committee that decided to confirm its earlier decision that the report he
referred back to the council's constitutional committee for "further
investigation."

The steering committee rejected a motion by Mr Carlisle calling for an urgent
public discussion of the report by the full President's Council. It rejected
a similar motion by the New Republic Party's leader, Mr Bill Sutton. After
the meeting Mr Sutton said he would have to think about the committee's
decision and discuss it with his party caucus before making a statement.

Mr Carlisle and his two colleagues said the government had effectively "hijacked"
the confidential report at a point where it was due to be signed by the
committee on November 17. A meeting of the steering committee was called last
Thursday at “extremely short notice" and was therefore not attended by the

three opposition party leaders.

"The report on the Group Areas Act and other related legislation was in the
process of being tabled," Mr Carlisle said. Concensus had largely been
arrived at and the date for signing set. "During this process the report was
hijacked by the state president although this is hotly disputed by the chairman
of the President's Council (Dr Piet Koornhof). The Constitutional Affairs
Committee was not consulted in the process."

99



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

MINISTER SAYS FIVE-YEAR PLAN AIMS AT BETTER LIVING STANDARDS
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 9 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] Real social justice in independent Zimbabwe will be attained through
the concerted efforts of the country's public and private sectors, the
Minister of Co-operative Development, Cde Maurice Nyagumbo, said yesterday.

"All of us should gear ourselves for the attainment of the goals of the five-
year National Development Plan (1986-1990), which aims at improving the living
standards of our people.

"Expansion of businesses is a movement towards those goals," he told a meeting
of his constituents at Stapleford in Mount Hampden. Cde Nyagumbo is the MP
for Dzivarasekwa, a constitunecy which includes Mount Hampden.

The meeting with his constituents was to mark the opening of a supermarket
and a beer outlet, costing an estimated $80000 and which took nine months
to complete. The two facilities are run by Cde Leonard Kadonzvo. African
Distillers funded the construction of the two projects, and its more than
250 workers from the surrounding areas will be the immediate beneficiaries
of the supermarket.

Cde Nyagumbo said that there was a tremendous amount of goodwill within the
private sector to assist the Government in realising its objectives under the
five-year National Development Plan, but he felt that much more needed to be
done in order "for all the actors to fulfil the plan targets."

Under the plan, sustained efforts will be made to raise incomes in line with
growth in productivity in the economy, and in order to raise the living standards
of the population, special efforts will be made to raise incomes through
increasing agricultural productivity and by extending social and economic
services to all the rural areas. Programmes in areas such as housing,

health care services, education and working conditions will be further

expanded as part of the strategy for raising the standards of living.

Speaking just before the official opening of the two outlets, the managing
director of African Distillers (Afdis), Mr Ian Gordon, said that Afdis
was the country's main producer of wines and spirits, and that in the last
20 years they had been able to reduce reliance on external raw materials
for their manufacture "substantially".

35



its just number of election districts. But what about the Cape? Will it have
to reduce the number of its election districts still further? That would not
be desirable because of the size of the province. Some of the rural districts
can hardly be made any larger. The idea is going around of leaving the Cape
its 56 seats but of eliminating the indirectly chosen members of the House of
Assembly (eight) and having them elected. These seats could then be given to
the Transvaal.

Announcement

As long ago as September of last year Minister of Home Affairs Stoffel Botha
stated in Parliament that an announcement on redistricting would be made
before the end of the year. More than a year has gone by since then without
any announcement on that subject. The reason is obvious: P. W. Botha is 70
years old and will in all probability retire within the next 2-3 years. He
would like to do so after general elections. If those elections are based on
a new redistricting (which would strengthen the Transvaal), there is little
chance that Botha's Cape lieutenant, Heunis, will be able to succeed him. The
solution: hold the elections according to the present distribution, even
though that favors the Cape atrociously over the Transvaal.

12593
cso: 3401/34

60



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

IRAN TO FINANCE 10 PERCENT OF MUTARE REFINERY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p 3

{Text]

THE IRANIAN Government
has offered to finance 10% of
the total cost of rebuilding the
Feruka oil refinery in Mutare,
in addition to providing tech-
nical support for the project,
an embassy spokesman has

said.

‘The Third Secretary in the
Iranian Embassy, Mr A
Bonakdar, last week told the
Gazette: “While our president
was here last year, we offered
the Zimbabwe Government
assistance of all different kinds
in rebuilding the refinery —
making consultations, examin-

ing the different problems that

might come up, and sending
advisors and technicians.
“We also said that we can
offer about 10% of the whole
cost of rebuilding the refinery,
but since last year we have not
had any answer from the Zim-
babwe Government, who say
they are still” studying the
whole project, and examining
problems which. might come

/12828
CsO: 3400/454

up. .
“At a recent meeting wit

Mr Kangai, our ambassador '

pointed out that even for
studying the project, we could
provide technical assistance to
the Zimbabwe Government,
since we have- experience in
this field.

REBUILD

“Our experts believe that
they can rebuild the Feruka oil
refinery because it was based
upon crude oil,’’ he said.

‘The cost of rebuilding the
refinery has been estimated at
$400 million, which would
mean that the Iranians would
be providing funds in. the
region of $40 million.

* Meanwhile, the Minister of
Energy, Water Resources, and
Development, Mr Kumbirai
Kangai, was this week quoted
as saying that the government
had decided to build a new
multi-purpose oil refinery at
Feruka to process light, heavy,

31

and any crude oil, for Zim-
babwe and other neighbouring
states.

He said that the oil refinery
could not be rehabilitated, and
that a team of experts had al-
ready started working on the
project.
© The Feruka oil refinery was
constructed during the early
1960s and opened the year be-
fore the declaration of UDI by
the Rhodesian Front govern-
ment of Mr Ian Smith. Oil em-
bargoes against Rhodesia were
declared promptly and the
refinery continued to operate
for only a matter of months af-
ter November, 1965.

‘The refinery itself has been
mothballed since, but its
storage tanks have been used
for the refined fuels pumped
through the pipeline from
Beira, particularly since exten-
sive damage was suffered by
the storage facilities in Beira

inflicted by South African-
sponsored dissidents.



million students) are farm or rural schools. The schools that have been
disrupted represent 250,000 students out of a total of some 1.8 million and
are primarily the senior secondary schools near large cities.

This year has also had its quota of disruptions, and some schools have been
closed a few weeks because of boycotts and disturbances. Because of the
decision made in April in Durban by the National Education Crisis Committee
(NECC) to return to school and also because of emergency measures taken by the
Government, not much has come of the plan to make this year--10 years after
the Soweto revolt--the year of the school boycott.

In the second semester the Department instituted strict security measures in
schools. Students had to reregister so that those who are not willing to
learn and who block others' chances could be removed.

There has been criticism of this decision, since it was not discussed with
parents, teachers, and associations. Confusion about it caused feelings to
run high. In particular, the fact that students "had to be identified" made
many feel that identification cards would only be a new form of the "dompas"
[stupid pass].

When asked whether the step was not bad strategy in a sensitive situation,
Deputy Minister of Education and Training Sam de Beer said that the measures
were a professional matter, intended to protect students, teachers, and
buildings.

"The NECC does not speak for all parents, and it was impossible to inform all
parents and all interested parties about the plan before the second semester.
Involvement by parents is welcome, however. We cannot permit education to be
used as a political meeting place, and there are certain educational standards
we must meet. Thus, the step was necessary."

As part of the new measures, 33 schools in Soweto, the East Rand, and the East
Cape were closed. The Department emphasizes that no school was closed
unnecessarily, and that this must not be viewed as a retaliatory or
disciplinary measure. The students from the schools had already begun to stay
away before the first registration was completed this year. Some of the
teachers--of whom there is a great shortage--had already been transferred to
other places.

Between 87,000 and 90,000 students did not reregister at the second
registration, according to the official figures. Dr Ken Hartshorne of the
Center for Secondary Education at the University of the Witwatersrand,
however, says that the number may be closer to 250,000.

After the second semester, it was officially reported that the average
attendance figure was 80 percent. There is some doubt about that. Dr
Hartshorne said recently at a symposium in Johannesburg that attendance
figures do not necessarily reflect the real learning process.

63



A "Guillotine" was applied to prevent discussion of Mr Carlisle's and

Mr Sutton's motions this morning. Only one opposition leader, understood
to be Mr Fanie Herman of the Conservative Party, did not vote in support
of the motions. Mr Carlisle then gave notice in terms of Rule 30/4 of his
intention to move his motion at the next plenary session. It will now
automatically serve before the full council when it next convenes.

An option that was considered was to make public the contents of the report,
but after legal advice was taken, this was decided against.

At the press conference Mr Schoeman said that if he were to judge from

the statements of the state president and Mr Piet Badenhorst, the deputy
minister of constitutional development, the "hijacking" was aimed more at a
watering down of the report than at delaying it. Mr Carlisle said he did not
believe the content of the report was a problem it was what Mr P.W. Botha
and his cabinet had in mind in their efforts to remove it from the political
arena. "He has offered his oppositions, to left and right, the greatest gift
in political history," he said. "This is going to demonstrate to the white
electorate that reform has come to an end. I think he's made a ghastly
mistake. They have done the symbolic thing to demonstrate that reform has
come to an end."

There was an election, either a mini-election or a full white election due,
probably in autumn next year.and the removal of the report could also be aimed
at shoring up right-wing support of the government, he said.

/8309
CSO: 3400/462

100


PLAN FOR SULPHURIC ACID SELF-SUFFICENCY BY 1987

JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p 1

[Text]

THE ZIMBABWE Phospate In-
dustries (Zimphos) and Anglo
American Corporation (AAC) are
spending over $17 million on
major expansion projects in Ha-
rare and Glendale to increase the
production of sulphuric acid from
locally mined pyrites.

‘When fully operational by De-
cember 1, 1987, imports of elemen-
tal sulphur from countries such as
Canada will be unnecessary, and
the country will be self-sufficient in
sulphuric acid for at least the next
five years, with a potential to export
to any of the Sadcc states.

About 85% of the sulphuric acid
produced by Zimphos is used in the
manufacture of superphosphate fer-
tilisers — one of the subsectors
identified for implementation in the
Sadce region's five-year industrial
‘coordination and programme, from
1986 to 1990.

Anglo American Corporation is
investing about $2.7 million to in-
‘crease Iron Duke Mine's output of
pyrites by 43% by Decemiber, 1987,
from the present 69 000 tonnes of
‘ore per year to about 99 000 tonnes.

/12828
CSO: 3400/454

‘The mine, about 10km from
Glendale in Mashonaland Central,
is Zimbabwe’s only producer of
pyrites. Of the 99 000 tonnes tar-
geted, about 93 000 tonnes will be
absorbed by Zimphos to meet the
needs of its plant, which is being
modernised and upgraded.

It has possible reserves of over
3,3 million tonnes, which equals
more than 50 years of production at
present offtake levels. A company
spokesman for AAC said that two
new hoists will be built for the
shafts, and crushers and electric
locomotives will be manufactured
locally.

The.spokesman said that the use
of locally mined pyrites will save
about $3 million in foreign curren-
cy a year, and the manufacture of
sulphuric acid by Zimphos will also
save another $3 million (in 1985
values) a year.

“We have the potential to export
to other Sadcc countries if they have
foreign currency to pay us. These
projects will also mean that the
country will no longer have to rely
on South African triple super-

41

phosphate,”” he said. od

‘The Iron Duke Mine project will
create new employment for 40 peo-
ple, and the corporation had budg-
ted slightly less than $500 000 on
housing. “We are also improving
on other houses at the mine built
about 30 years ago. This is being
done. because the mine is still go-
ing on and will be there for another
30 or more years."”

‘The spokesman said that Zimphos
will spend about $15 million on ex-
panding production of sulphuric
acid from Iron Duke Mine's pyrites.
‘The company’s plant, which is
about 30 years old, has reached the
end of its economic life, and will be
modernised and upgraded.

‘A new bed roaster will be in-
stalled, and the contract has been
awarded to Simon Carves Limited
‘of Britain. Work is scheduled to be-
gin at the end of this year and should
‘be complete by November 1, 1987.

“The whole AAC/Zimphos
project has to be completed and ful-
ly operational by December 1,
1987,” said the AAC spokesman.



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ANC WELCOMES BARCLAYS' PULLOUT--The African National Congress, ANC, of
South Africa has welcomed the decision by Barclays Bank to divert [as heard]
from apartheid-ruled South Africa. The ANC representative in Harare,
Comrade Reddy Mazimba, has described the decision as an important result of
the Commonwealth initiative. He urged other companies to withdraw from
South Africa. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT

24 Nov 86] /8309

cso: 3400/463

83



What is certain, according to Marise de Oliveira, is that she saw no whites on
President Savimbi's staff. The highest posts are held by "old~timers"—~men
about 50 years of age who are UNITA's heroes--or by a younger generation whose
members are about 30 years old. She did not even see any white soldiers,
although she knows that there are Cubans who have joined UNITA.

Interest in Radio News

Another detail that sets life in Jamba apart from normal life is easy to spot:
since a war is going on, all the soldiers carry weapons, and everyone displays
an ardent interest (which seems exaggerated to anyone overlooking the fact
that a war is on) in the news programs broadcast by the local radio station.

"Tt is rare to see someone who is not carrying a radio and listening to
broadcasts in Portuguese, Umbundu, and Kioko as well as those from foreign
countries, specifically the GDR, the BBC, the Voice of America, Deutsche
Welle, Swiss stations, France Antenne, Radio Luanda, and South Africa.
Everything stops while people listen to the news, which is soon going to be
expanded to include two more languages: Russian and Spanish. For that
purpose, two married couples--one Russian and the other Cuban-~are already in
Jamba. They joined Savimbi's movement and went to Jamba to work."

The local radio station is called "Galo Negro" [Black Rooster], that being the
symbol of UNITA, and it can be heard throughout Angolan territory and in the
bordering areas. It broadcasts at various times throughout the day, and it is
operating out of powerful trucks pending completion of its permanent
facilities, which are now under construction.

Its new building will also house a printing plant, and that will make possible
a substantial improvement in the graphic appearance of the UNITA bulletin,
which is now being published in Portuguese, as well as the startup of other
projects.

Marise de Oliveira then talked about the atmosphere of camaraderie, not only
among the guests but also between them and their hosts, which she experienced
from the start.

Since the country has an abundance of wild animals, there was also a hunting
trip. The idea came from Joao Soares, who asked if it would be possible to
organize a hunting trip so the group could appreciate the fauna in that area.

"IT, Joao Soares, and Manuel Monteiro were the only ones who went, besides the
UNITA officials accompanying us. Joao Soares fired his gun several times, but
did not hit anything. Our honor was saved by a soldier--I don't remember his
name--who killed a pacaca, which we enjoyed for days afterward."

There was also a birthday party for Joao Soares, who had a birthday during the
stay in Jamba.

"President Savimbi and his wife, Ana Savimbi, participated very warmheartedly
in the party."


Minister Says Five-Year Plan Aims at Better Living Standards
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 9 Nov 86) cccccesscsccecccccececessceeen

Minister of Energy Urges New Dam on Zambezi
(THE HERALD, 1 Nov 86) ceccceccvcccceccccecceeccosscscsees

Minister Concerned About Unemployment as Destabilizing Factor
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 31 Oct 86) cecccecessccoeceeceseco

Zimalloys Break Output Records
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 31 Oct 86) ceessoesceescecscceeecs

Plan for Sulphuric Acid Self-Sufficiency by 1987
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 7 Nov 86) sesececesssceovecevccsoe

Agritex Outlook on Crops Optimistic
(Funny Mushava; THE HERALD, 10 Nov 86) w.oeseceoeeoeoeeces

Reconstruction of Oil Refinery Seen as Gesture of Independence
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 7 Nov 86) cocesesscsvsvecoececeson

Briefs
Dam To Be Ready for Winter Crop
Drought Relief
Sweden Gives Chance to Zimalloys
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Marais Calls Pik Botha Agent of U.S. Policy
(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 Oct 86) sssccccesccecceoecceeccceeseeees

Government's Township Counterreyolutionary Strategy Activated
(Lester Venter, Norman West; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Nov 86) ..

Police Official Warns of Terrorist Threat
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Oct 86) ceccceeccesceccccsceeverececeeees

Former Head Urges Exodus From Broederbond
(Carel Boshoff£; DIE AFRIKANER, 1 Oct 86) cesccoseoeeee

Right-Wing Alliance May Replace PFP as Official Opposition
(DIE AFRIKANER, 1 Oct 86) seeceeescooece

Possible Consequences of Early Elections Viewed
(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 Oct 86) ..-

HNP Congress Rejects White Financing of Black Education
(DIE AFRIKANER, 15 Oct 86) sesceccceeecccecceeeeveercceces

35

37

39

40

a1

42

4h

46

46

47

48

50

51

56

58

61



The problem of water supply had to be viewed, studied and solved on a regional
scale. It should include the whole environment.

“We have learnt that the various hydrological systems are intimately related
with many feedback channels operating. We are aware that only an inter-
disciplinary approach, involving hydraulics, geology, chemistry, agriculture
and economics, enables a balanced and real understanding of the environmental
system,"

Cde Kangai said political divisions, which had in the past been a major
handicap in the study of the water cycle and its exploitation, should no
longer be an obstacle.

Professor N. Thanh of the France-based International Training Centre for
Water Resources Management, said while the participants did not look
specifically at the planning of the Zambezi River basin, the topics covered
by the course had given them an insight into water management.

The fact that so many participants had turned up from neighbouring countries
including Uganda and Tanzania, showed the importance governments were attaching

to sound environmental management.

Topics covered included integrated river basin planning, pollution control,
waterworks treatment and monitoring of water.

/12828
CSO: 3400/452

38



those not paying, and black City Council personnel provided the names of
renters who did pay to the "comrades."

The first evictions were followed by nightly disturbances in Soweto in which
22 people were killed. After a bomb exploded outside her house, the director
of housing in Soweto, Mrs. Del Kevin, resigned and the evictions were halted.

Rent

According to Malan, the rent for the smaller type of house in Soweto is just 4
rands a month. Each month 52 rands are collected from the renter, of which
R48 is for electricity, water, and sewers. ESCOM [Electricity Supply
Commisson], the Rand Water Council, and the Johannesburg City Council have
continued to provide electricity, water, and sewer service, although they have
been unable to recover the costs from the Soweto City Council. That body's
expenses for electricity, water, and sewers and for the salaries of its mainly
black personnel amount to 7 million rands a month, according to Malan, but in
June the City Council's revenue had already fallen to 1 million rands. Now it
is is even less. So far, ESCOM, the Rand Water Council, and the Johannesburg
City Council have financed the deficit from their own funds.

Earlier this year the government made plans to require employers to withhold
the rent their black workers owe to black local governments from the workers!
pay and pass it on to the local governments. After protests by the
Progressive Federal Party the government dropped the plan.

According to the chainman of DIE AFRIKANER's Economic and Financial Committee,
ESCOM, the Rand Water Council, and the Johannesburg City Council will not be
able to continue to pay the unpaid bills of Soweto and the other black
townships from their own reserves. The government's original intention to
have the regional services councils make up the deficits also cannot be
carried out because those councils still have no funds.

12593
cso: 3401/34

69



In sharp contrast to
Tucsa, Sactu developed 2
very specific political un-
jonsm = reflected by the
chairperson’s address at its
inaugural conference:
“You can’t seperate politics
and the way in which peo-
ple are’governed from their
bread and butter, or their
freedom to move to an
from places where they can
find the best employment,
or the houses they live in.

“Trade unions must be
active in the political
sphere as they are in the
economic.”

A third mistake that
Tucsa made after Sactu’s
formation was its constant
refusal to join Sactu in
campaigns that were im- |
portant to the whole Afri- |
can working class — because
it was against Sactu’s politi-
cal direction.

Onc:immediate example
here was Tucsa’s refusal to |
support the “one pound a
day campaign” in 1957 —in
spite of being approached
by Sactu. Instead, Tucsa’
continually tried to under-
mine Sactu — through at-
tempts to discredit it as a
political organisation and
not a trade union. Tucsa
only offered to help those
militant unions who would
join its liaison committee.

ut this “assistance”
was nothing more than
another means of try-
GBD ing to subjugate Afri-
can-unions. ~
Because of Tucsa’s hos-
tility to militant African
unions, it never challenged
State repression when
Sactu was harassed and
went underground in the
1960s.

I would even suggest
-that were it not for the
harassment of progressive
African trade unions,
Tucsa might not have sur-
vived the 1960s as a union
claiming representation of
African workers,

/12828

cso:

3400/444

When trade unions re-

presenting black workers
re-emerged after the 1973
strikes in Durban, Tucsa
tried to keep away its Afri-
can membership by organ-
ising paralled unions. These
unions did not have their
own independence, but
were subordinate to Tucsa’s

white unions and bureau- |

cratically controlled by
these officials. This was an-
other major mistake by

"Tucsa — that was to cost |

them dearly after 1979
when African unions were
Officially recognised. Tucsa
further tried to’ protect its
black membership from the
emerging democratic la-
bour movement by making
closed shop agreements
with management.

This was a very serious
misjudgment since employ-
ers in SA have never
proved to be allies of black
workers.

he cumulative effects

of all these historical

practices have crystal-

lised into bureaucratic,
undemocratic and political-
ly conservative unionism
within Tucsa. Tucsa’s final
surrender to the democratic
labour movement has been
due to its lack of two essen-
tial qualities necessary for
the survival and-growth of
any trade union represent-
ing black workers.

Firstly, strong, democrat-
ic and worker controlled
factory structures are need-
ed'- a quality glaringly
lacking in Tucsa.

Because of Tucsa’s busi-
ness unionism and its domi-
nation by. white workers, it

78

has been unable to evolve
Structures amenable to
democratic control by
grassroots membership. Co-
satu’s rapid growth in part-
nership has been due to its
ability to evolve democratic
structures.

Tucsa’s inability to de-
velop such structures is
showing itself through the
weaknesses of ex-Tucsa un-
ions to challenge employers
‘on, for example, retrench-
ments and factory reloca-
tions —as in parts of Natal’s
textile industry.

And democratic organi-
sation is vital if workers are
to mount and sustain an
effective challenge to the
power of employers and the
State.

The Second quality for
successful organisation of
black workers is a union’s
ability to relate workers’
economic struggles to the
broader political struggles
in SA.

Tucsa, because of its
historically conservative
approach to politics, has
been unable to take up po-
litical issues affecting the
black working class. Tuc-
sa’s unwillingness to take
up issues of political op-
pression was still evident
even as late as 1984 in the
preamble to its constitution
— “loudly” silent on politi-
cal rights for workers.

In fact, it is the develop-
ment of a vision and an
ideal of an alternative soci-
ety that has fuelled the
militancy of the democratic
labour movement ~ thereby
becoming popular with the
black working class.

Given the historical and
structural problems within
Tucsa, the future of labour
relations in SA is a future
certainly without Tucsa —
and the black working class
is the last to bemoan Tuc-
sa’s fate.



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 DECEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

-o--.\ DTIC QUALITY ErerEerEn a

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



MINISTER SAYS FOREIGN INVESTMENT CONTINUING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 31 Oct 86 p 2

[Text]
MANY business
undertakings» abroad

still believe in and util-
ise the ample develop-
ment opportunities in
South Africa in spite of.
the disinvestment cam-
paign, the Minister of
Trade and Industry,
Dr Dawie de Villiers,
said yesterday.

Reviewing the Decen- -

tralisation Board’s annual
Teport for the year ended
March 1986, released in
Pretoria, he said it was of
“particular significance”
that 92 of the total record
number of applications
received had come from
abroad.

This represented an in-
crease of 19,5 percent
over 1984/85 and a dou-
bling compared to
1983/84.

“This indicates clearly
that in spite of the disin-
vestment campaign there
are many business under-
takings which believe in
and avail themselves of
the ample development

opportunities in South
Africa,” he said.
The. board’s . report

showed that, in spite of
the unfavoutable écon-
omic climate, the scheme
for regional industrial de-
velopment. instituted in
1982 continued to yield
promising results.

/12828

CSO: 3400/446

-ptoved-during the review
‘od z :

“Incentives for ©1243 !

projects in the Republic
and the self-governing
homelands had been ap-

period.
_. “Although it represents ‘
an. increase of only two
percent. gver..the figure
for the previous year, the
results are impressive in
terms of the potential
number of job opportu-,

nitiés and investment.”

The 1243’ projects in-
volved the creation of
87 635 job opportunities,
which was an incteasé of
13 percent compared with
1984/85.

A total of 19 977 jobs,
or 22,8 percent of the
total, related to projects
of foreign origin.

“This upward trend is
also manifested in an in-
vestment of Ri 29,8 mil-
lion if all the projects
should come to fruition,
which tepresents an ‘in-
crease of 10,5 percent
over the previous year,”
Dr De Villiers said.

Sincé the inception of
the scheme in 1982, a
total of 4 423 project ap-
plications had been ap-
proved with an employ-
ment creation potential of
298 764 and investmient
totalling R4,8 billion by
industrialists.

Dr De Villiers said if
the indirect effect of job
creation in secondary in-
dustries was taken iftto

104

account it was clear the
e was making
an important contribution
to development in the +
non-metropolitan areas.
‘The Minister said it was

+ significant the six most

pular points had pro-

Pied 47 percent of the

total development in
terms of expected job cre-
ation in 1985/86 “while as
much as 78 percent of
such. development was
provided-by the-18 most *
ular points”.
Phe scheme also pro
vided a. very. important.
stintulus for the develop-
ment of small industries.
“During the review
year, 62 applications for
the simplified wage con-’
cession package for small
industrialists were ap-
proved, the majority of

which were for projects in
the self-governing
states.”

By the end of March
this year, the board had
recorded’ 1 502 projects,
employing 84 863 people,
already established.

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



GDR Official Discusses Bilateral Gcoperation
(Bodo Weidemann Interview; NOTICIAS, 20 Oct 86) weccceeeoe

Zimbabwe Businessmen Meet With Counterparts in Maputo
(Maputo Domestic Service, 25 Nov 86) weccoecceececsceccees

Divided Country Said To Be MNR Aim
(THE HERALD, 11 Nov 86) secccccsecccsccccccccccccceccccses

More Refugees Trek to Zimbabawe
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 2 Nov 86) wecocceccccccccccccesssesoeses

French Cooperation Delegation Visits Beira Harbor
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 25 Nov 86) ...secoe

Fishing Industry Growing in Cahora Bassa Lake
(Basilio Langa; NOTICIAS, 11 Oct 86) cssceccceeeeecesscoen

Briefs
New State Administration Ministry
Grain To Reach Tete
Beira Project Interests UK Envoy

ZAMBIA

Briefs
Government To Halt Kwacha Decline
Zambia, Zaire Raise Cobalt Price

ZIMBABWE

GM Reportedly To Open Plant in Harare
(Umtata Capital Radio, 14 Nov 86) cccecesccseccccccsescvce

Ministry of Transport Considering Buying Soviet Aircraft
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 7 Nov 86) wovccecccscvccccsvecevee

Iran To Finance 10 Percent of Mutare Refinery
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 7 Nov 86) cecccecceccccccecccceecs

Indians To Boost Rural Expertise
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 7 Nov 86) ceccccsecccecsvccecccees

French Teach Peasants Tractor Training
(THE HERALD, 7 Nov 86) cececccceccecccsccscscecscssccoeces

African Trainees Complete Rehabilitation Course
(THE HERALD, 1 Nov 86) .ccccecccevccccccccccrccsccesscsces

17

20

21

22

23

24

27

27

28
28

29

30

31

32

33

34


TWO MINISTERS PRAISE FORELGN COMPANIES' COMMITMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Nov 86 p 13

{Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

TWO Cabinet Minis-
ters yesterday paid tri-
bute to foreign com-
panies which were re-
sisting pressure to
withdraw from South
Africa — and for con-
tinuing to step up their
involvement in the Re-
public.

The Minister of Health
and Population Develop-
ment Dr Williesvan Nie-
kerk, in opening the new
head office of a pharma-
ceutical company, Merck
(SA) (Pty) Ltd at Mid-
rand, said that the com-
pany's positive approach
was in contrast to that of
some of the international
community.

At the opening of the
RI million new headquar-
ters of an organisation
selling German cars,
Auto Bavaria, Deputy Fi-
nance Minister Kent Durr
thanked the directors of
BMW Germany for their
vote of confidence in the
country’s future.

He said that the South
African motor industry
played a pivotal role in
the economy. The coun-
try’s motor manufacturers
today had more than
R3 700 million invested in

/12828

CSO: 3400/446

the Republic, and the
component supply indus-
try’s input was some
R2 500 million.

The industry provided
work for more than
200 000 people.

Mr Durr — who said

that indications were that
the economy had bot-
tomed out, and was head-
ing for an upswing — said
that South Africa appre-
ciated the vote of confi-
dence.

“And more important-
ly, your recognition of the
hardship and misery
which disinvestment
would be bound to
cause”.

From its side, the Gov-
ernment was serious
about reform and chang-
ing attitudes in South
Africa for the better.

In the new South Afri-
ca that was emerging, the
motor industry had enor-
mous future growth po-
tential, he said.

Dr van Niekerk, at
Midrand, hit at South
Africa’s critics.

“Because of our appar-
ent shortcomings we
stand accused, judged
and sentenced by the in-
ternational community,
ignoring facts and prin-

105

ciples of fairness, ration-:
ality and objectivity, re-
sulting in emotional and
sometimes hysterical out-
bursts of condemnation,”
he said.

He, too, stressed that
the government. was
firmly committed to cre-
ating equality in stan-
dards of living, and facili-
ties for all South Afri-

cans.

Companies like Merck,
who stayed in South Afri-
ca, and helped the broad-
er population by provid-

ing health products, equal
opportunities, stability
and employment, were
helping the people of
South Africa, in contrast
to companies which disin-
vested.

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



that it would be possible to reach workable agreements with Zimbabwe and
Zambia in the field of border trade and thus provide the fishermen with the
products they need most.

In recent years, many fishermen from various places in Tete Province have
settled along the lake to engage in small-scale fishing. PESCOM's manager
said: "We need 3,000 metric tons of salt per year to supply the fishermen."

And private owner Antonio Baraca said: "If I don't receive products in the
near future, I am going to close my place. Especially salt. All the
fishermen are selling most of their catch in Zimbabwe." The private operator
has a fish marketing center in Cazindira in the Magoe District on the border
with Zimbabwe.

11798
CSO: 3442/27

26


JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY STRESSES SANCTIONS WILL HARM BLACKS
MB140929 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 14 Nov 86
[Station commentary: "South Africa's Regional Importance"']

[Text] It is important for Western nations, which are falling over themselves
to impose punitive measures against South Africa, to be made aware of the fact
that their actual victims will be the black peoples of the southern African
continent. Sanctions and the economic boycott are not going to bring the
South African Government to its knees, for a number of reasons. Chief among
them is the inherent strength of the South African economy. There is no doubt
that sanctions will harm that economy and there are already signs of this, but
South Africa has more experience than any country in the world when it comes
to meeting the challenge of boycott action. Its oil from coal technology~-the
most advanced in the world would never have developed if it had not been for
the oil embargo imposed against the country. Similarly, its armaments industry
has all but completely nullified the arms embargo imposed a decade ago.

There is no doubt that South Africa will survive economic sanctions. Going on
past records there is every likelihood of it emerging even stronger from this
test. The same cannot be said for the rest of the states of southern Africa.
All of them, to a lesser or greater degree, are dependent on South Africa for
its transport infrastructure, the most developed in the entire continent, its
ports, general trade, mining expertise, medical and technical assistance, and
host of other services, not to mention the revenue they earn from the jobs
South Africa provides for their work force.

This was the tenor of President P.W. Botha's news conference in Paris this week.
More harm will be done to neighboring states than to South Africa, he told news-
men, It will be a tragedy for the whole region if Western governments persist
in testing this truth, they will then have to bear the responsibility for pre-
cipitating total chaos in an already impoverished region, while having to wit-
ness the object of their action, South Africa, emerging from it relatively
unscathed.

/12232
cso: 3400/449

85



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FEARS OF TOWNSHIP REMOVALS GROW IN PORT ELIZABETH
MB201707 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1600 GMT 20 Nov 86

[Text] Fears are mounting in Port Elizabeth townships that another forced
removal is imminent. Peggy Killeen has the details.

Residents of poverty-striken Red Location say they have been warned by (Ibayi)
town council police, using loud hailers, to prepare to move to Port Elizabeth's
furthermost townships, Motherwell, tomorrow. The residents are supposed to
move voluntarily to the new Motherwell transit camp next week, but they are
signing a petition to the state president telling him they do not want to be
removed. One woman said she will resist any pressure exerted on her by the
authorities. This afternoon a delegation of civil rights groups was asked

to leave the township by security forces. Today a PFP member of parliament,
Andrew Savage, released a report condemning forced removals in Uitenhage and
Port Elizabeth. The (Ibayi) town council was unavailable for comment.

18309
CSO: 3400/463

80


of Social Welfare yesterday the delegations of both countries reviewed their
relations of friendship and cooperation, particularly in the field of social
welfare. Yesterday the Bulgarian delegation was received by (Rosa dos Santos),
responsible for social welfare, and Diego Jorge de Jesus, minister of labor

and social security. During its 8-day visit the Bulgarian delegation will take
part in other activities with the Angolan authorities, namely [words indistinct].
[Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMI 20 Nov 86] /8309

csO: 3400/459



POLICE OFFICIAL WARNS OF TERRORIST THREAT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Oct 86 p 12

[Text]

DURBAN. — If South
Africa wanted to sur-
vive it would have to
stop terrorism at its
roots, Lieutenant Gen-
eral L P Neethling,
senior Deputy Com-
missioner of the South
African Police, said in
Durban yesterday. |

Speaking at the annual
conference of the Natal |
Branch of the Security |
Association of South
Africa, Gen Neethling
said it was commonly ac-
cepted that to counter the
threat of terrorism in or-

der to survive, it had to be
stopped at the roots.

To achieve this, certain
steps had to be concen-
trated on, namely taking
diplomatic measures
which would result in the
necessary _ international
co-operation, gathering
intelligence at street le-
vel, taking strong security
measures and creating a
public awareness.

He quoted Israel as a

prime example of public
awareness, saying that 80
percent of bombs and ter-
rorist devices were detec-
ted by the public in Israel.
The best sort of police
action was successful pre-
emptive measures.

/12828

CSO: 3400/442

In addition, he said, it
was necessary to regulate
the media and to maintain
public composure by win-
ning the battle in class-
rooms to open people’s

minds.

“We have tried a way

to redirect terrorism, but
have received negative
criticism — ‘How can you
take children and lock
them away and teil them
to think differently’ — yet
this is an accepted inter-
national action,” he said.

South Africa had ex-
perienced an unbelieva-
ble escalation in terrorism
in the last 14 years, with
the number of incidents
of. international” signifi-
cance rising from 300 a
year in°1971 to 3000 a
year in 1985.

It was evident that the
ANC were using the un-
rest situation to further
their revolutionary aims.

In the last two years,
security forces had recov-
ered weapons worth
about R750 000 in arms
caches.

Current unrest had led
to a shift in the emphasis
of targeting and civilians
had become the main tar-
gets, despite denial by the
ANC, especially after
negative publicity over-
seas.

50

At the beginning of last
month, South Africa had
been given a clearer defi-
nition of what was going
on when the Libyan lead-
er, Colonel Muammar
Gaddafi, visited Harare
and “very clearly offered
to train and supply the
necessary logistics and
weaponry to all enemies
of the Republic”, saying
this was an act of self-de-
fence from the continent
of Africa.

“We shouldn’t take this
too lightly. Libya is the
only country of late that
has got some internat-
ional powers involved. In-
deed we have a very se-
rious __ threat,” Gen
Neethling said.

Five new books on ter-
rorism agreed on at least
four or. five themes in

total: that only a handful
of states, especially the
Soviet Union, were re-
sponsible for the majority
of incidents around the
world; the main aim was
to demoralise Western
democracy; that terrorism
was certain to escalate in
future; and that the world
powers had not dealt ad-
equately or forcefully
with the threat. — Sapa.

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



Asked how this could be reconciled with the "liberation before education"
propagated in some circles in South Africa at the moment, he said he did not
get the impression that this was the view of the people he met.

However, it could be part of the political tactics of the ANC for the moment
which did not necessarily have anything to do with the views of their
educationists.

Asked for his views on the academic boycott, Professor Gerwel, who takes over
the rectorship of the UWC on January 1, 1987, said he could not express his
personal views without them being tied to the institution which he headed.

However, "it is a pity that Dr Conor Cruise O'Brien forced the issue," he said.

Until his coming, and his talk at the press club earlier this year, which
prompted demonstrations at the University of Cape Town, it had been a part
of the academic debate.

"It was an on-going process. If I must say anything, I must say I blame him
for forcing people into taking absolute positions prematurely while the debate
was in process."

Asked what differences he saw between UCT and UWC, he said that just as there
were South Africans and South Africans, there was also a difference between
the institutions.

UCT was an institution of "anglophile, liberal tradition" while UWC was "an
intellectual institution of the South African left and the extra-parliamentary
movement."

In answer to another question, he said government fiscal cuts should not be
seen as a specific attack on South African institutions, but part of a world
trend.

"I don't think they like us, and perhaps the economic situation could be used
for that purpose, but it is not applicable to this country only.

"Universities in other countries are under financial pressure from government
as well."

/8309 |
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92



Dr Alberts said that detailed surveys will now be carried out in order to do a
reliable feasibility study. In addition, research will be done on the
proposed routes for the gas pipeline from the ocean platform, the finished
product pipeline to the dispatch area, water pipelines, communication routes
and the harbor in order to determine what changes are necessary to unload the
construction modules.

He gave the assurance that access rights will be paid to private property
owners if surveys are done on private property. "Where easements must be
registered on private property, normal agricultural activities will continue
undisturbed after the laying of the underground pipes," Dr Alberts said.

The studies will include a look at housing, social, recreational, medical and
commercial services. In addition, ecological, botanical and limnological
surveys, a visual influence study and a survey of the fears of the public will
be conducted.

"Where possible, use will be made of the assistance of academic institutions
so that scientific knowledge is available for similar projects in the future.
There will be follow-up studies at regular intervals so that the environment.
can be protected at all times."

Methods for dealing with solid and liquid waste products, as well as the
accumulation and transport of fuels, will be studied.

Dr Alberts said that the public will have to endure a minimum of
inconvenience. Complaints and questions about activities in the vicinity that
cannot be resolved with the party in question can be directed towards the
Central Energy Fund.

Studies will also be conducted on:

--The acquisition of the physical components of the facility;

--Where and how this will be purchased;

~-What the local capacity of the facility will be;

--How international specifications and standards must be applied;

--The development and creation of local support services.

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71



INDIANS TO BOOST RURAL EXPERTISE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p ll

[Text]

/12828

‘YHE INDIAN Government is to
finance the establishment of a
rural technology development and
training centre in Zimbabwe, for
the development of various,
machinery and equipment to be:
used in the rural agriculture,
energy, transport, and housing
sectors.

The $1 millior.centre will be set
up under the auspices of the Indi-
an Council for the Advancement of
Rural Technology (Cart), whose
functions are the development of
technology appropriate to rural
areas, as well as carrying out;
research studies, surveys, and
evaluations on, rural area
requirements.

Cart is a society under the Minis:
try of Rural Development, and has
carried out research and assistance
work in several developing
countries.

The director-general of Cart, Mr
T Balakrishnan, this week told the
Gazette that it was hoped the centre
would be established by the end of
this year, or in the first part of next
year.

Mr Balakrishnan, who was in
Zimbabwe to attend the three-day
international exhibition of develop-
ment technology held at Dombosha-
wa, and to finalise the agreement for

CSO: 3400/454

the setting up of the centre; said: “It
was tentatively agreed earlier that
the Indian Government would assist
the Zimbabwe Government in set~
ting up a rural technology centre,
with the technical inputs being
provided by the government of
India.

“We are prepared to fund the set-
ting up of the centre, in order to in-
troduce, and to promote, technolo-
gies best suited to the development
of the rural areas.

“People tend to interpret ‘ap-
propriate technology’ as second-
class technology which developed
countries pass on the developing
countries, but this isnot the case at
all — it is merely what is appropri-

ate to a country, its economic and

social-requirements.

“A lot of developed countries. in
their impatience to get things done,
have: developed sophisticated
machinery and equipment —
without taking into consideration
who will be using that machinery,""
he said.

Mr Balakrishnan, who for six
years was the regional'advisor (rural
development) for the Carribean at
the United Nations, said he had so
far been impressed with energy and
agriculture units developed in
Zimbabwe.

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE



RECONSTRUCTION OF OIL REFINERY SEEN AS GESTURE OF INDEPENDENCE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p 3

[Commentary]

THE announcement this week by the Minister’ of
Energy and Water Resources & Development, Mr
Kumbirai Kangai, of plans to reconstruct Zim-
babwe’s oil refinery at Feruka was a glimpse into
the future.

The project is an exciting one for many reasons.
It could, depending on the type of final installation,
make Zimbabwe completely independent of South
Africa for its fuel supplies. This is a situation that
has not only political and security considerations,
but also great economic benefits.

The construction of the facility itself would be a
much-needed boost to activity within the Mutare
area, which since the closure of the border and the
refinery, and the decline in cross-border traffic to
Beira has been hard hit. Zimbabwe as a whole would
benefit from refining a range of fuels and by-
products from crude oil, a much more economical
process than importing fully refined products. Apart
from the fuels, the by-products would be the source
of raw materials for a number of downstream in-
dustries, some of which are now importing their
requirements.

The new Feruka refinery — for apparently it is
necessary to effect a reconstruction rather than a
re-opening of existing facilities — will not be a threat
to refineries already operating within the Sadcc
region. The output of the Maputo and Ndola refiner-
ies is not sufficient to supply the needs of Mozam-
bique, Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Malawi.
Therefore the plan cannot be criticised because it
duplicates facilities already existing within the Sadcc
area, a point made in a different context by the Presi-
dent of Zimbabwe, the Rev. Canaan Banana, when
he opened the Unido conference in Harare earlier
this week.

44

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE


From January to August this year 9,743 people emigrated.

In the whole of 1985, 11,401 people emigrated, and in 1984 8,550 people left
officially.

The number of people coming to live in South Africa has dropped dramatically
in the past two years.

In 1984, 28,793 imigrated; in 1985 the number dropped to 17,284; and this year
until August only 4,808 people came in.

Of the people who emigrated in the first eight months of this year, 1,614 fell
into professional, technical and allied categories, 2,352 fell into other
categories and 5,777 were wives and dependants of these people.

For the corresponding first eight months of this year and last year the
following professional emigrated:

--Doctors: 69 in 1986; 45 in 1985.
--Accountants: 201 in 1986; 85 in 1985.
—Educationists: 195 in 1986; 89 in 1985.
--Engineers: 328 in 1986; 311 in 1985.

/8309
CsO: 3400/461

113



/12828
cso:

The State Security Council
was created in 1972. It meets
twice a week and is headed
by the State President, Mr P
WBotha, It includes the Min-
isters of Defence, Foreign Af-
fairs, Law and Order and
their senior officials.

The council is one of four
standing Cabinet commit-
tees. Its proposals are chan-
elled through the Cabinet to
the various executive arms
of Government.

‘The principal function of
the sce is to collate intelli-

gence from various agencies
and to formulate strategy op-
tions. oe

Day-to-day furigtions are
conducted by a work com-
mittee of the departmental
heads.. we

From this point, on a de-
scending ‘administrative
scale, the NSMS begins.

This body is underpinned
by 12 inter-departmental
committees representing
every aspect of administra-
tion, from culture to the con-

‘itution.

* Below these are located 10
Joint Management Centres,
roughly’ reflecting the de-
marcated national develop-
ment regions of the country.

3400/448

Each JMC has four com-
mittees, for joint  intelli-
gence, security and commu-
nications, and one for
political, economic and so-
cial affairs.

The JMCs co-ordinate 60
sub-JMCs, which roughly
correspond to the boundaries
of the proposed regional ser-
vices councils.

In turn, the sub-JMCs over-
see more than 400 mini-JMCs

at local authority level.

The chairmen of these
lower-level bodies are fre-
quently — but not necessarily
— military or. police officers.

Powers of co-option allow
for the creation of “discus-
sion forums” in which grass-
roots leaders can participate.

At this level, even such es-
sentially parochial questions
as the condition of roads and
the provision of water taps
can come up for discussion if
they are the causes of griev-
ance.

The sudden, dramatic
growth and penetration of
the JMC system coincides
with the SADF’s deeper in-
volvement in restoring order
to the townships.

Senior SADF officers have
always adhered to what they
call the “80-20” theory — that
is, the solution to conflict in
South Africa can only be 20
percent military,

The remaining 80 percent,

-they insist, lies in the field of

politics.

49



/12828
cso:

3400/454

Exciting as this project is however, it cannot at
the moment be considered as a priority, either for
Zimbabwe or for the region. At present the press-
ing need is for rehabilitation of the Beira corridor
and port, for which donors pledged $180 million
recently. .

With the establishment of the international
authority, it is to be hoped that progress on the work
necessary will now accelerate, enabling the port fa-
cility to handle a greater proportion of Sadcc ex-
ports and imports, and also demonstrate to the world
that the region is capable of taking its own problems
seriously, acting promptly to overcome them.

Seen in the overall context of the Beira corridor,
the Feruka refinery is a logical next step, but it de-
pends on the more efficient operation of Beira port
and the continued security of the Beira pipeline it-
self. It is, however, a reminder of the sophisticated
facilities that can be created and operated for the
benefit of Zimbabwe and the whole Sadce region
once the primary objective of efficient road, rail and
pipeline links to an upgraded port at Beira is
achieved.

45



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LEBOWA LEADER SAYS BLACKS SHOULD BE IN PARLIAMENT
MB131134 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1111 GMT 13 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 13 November, SAPA--The government should include blacks
in parliament so that the outside world could see that changes were taking
place in South Africa, the chief minister of Lebowa, Dr Cedric Phatudi, said
today.

Speaking to reporters at Jan Smuts Airport on his return from Europe, he
said Westerners understood democracy to mean a government representing the
majority of the people.

"Until we have a new constitution where blacks will be included in parliament,
the South African Government will not be accepted by the rest of the world.

"There are changes taking place. Apartheid is being broken down, but the out-
side world has very little concrete eivdence of this. South African embassies
abroad should be integrated.

"It will make a strong impact to people visiting our embassies if indigenous
blacks were included in embassy staff," he said. He said it was not enough
sending coloured and Indian friends to work in these embassies.

Dr Phatude said he and Lebowa Government representatives laid wreaths at
Delville Wood in France in the company of white South Africans.

"We should be together, not only at Delville Wood, but in Cape Town as well.
By integrating as we did in France, we can prove that we are breaking down
apartheid.

“Although there were scary stories that there were going to be bombs, we did
not see them. There were possibly people trying to make the atmosphere tense.
We did not see anything like that," he said.

Dr Phatudi said he believed in a federal solution to South Africa's problems,

but there was a hestancy by the white leadership to implement a system "which
is inevitable."

74



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NPP CONDEMNS U.S., BAN ON AIR LINKS
MB231750 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1716 GMT 23 Nov 86

[Text] Durban, Nov 23, SAPA--The National People's Party [NPP] has condemned
the U.S. Government's decision to ban air flights from South Africa.

By placing the ban the U.S. was contradicting its own claim that it was
promoting constructive engagement in South Africa to expedite reform and an
end to apartheid, the NPP said in a resolution at its congress in Durban.

Other resolutions which also received unanimous backing called for the
scrapping of the Group Areas Act and Separate Amenities Act and for the release
of jailed African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela and other political
prisoners.

The meeting also condemned all forms of violence and urged all parties to
create the climate towards the lifting of the state of emergency.

It also rejected the principle of separate or ethnic local authorities and
called for all communities to be given direct representation on local

authorities.

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84


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MINISTER CONCERNED ABOUT UNEMPLOYMENT AS DESTABILIZING FACTOR

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 31 Oct 86 p 7

({Text]

ONE OF THE most serious
problems, and one that will
dominate the national economy
during the next 10 years, is the
unemployment situation, the:
Minister of Finance, Economic
Planning and Development, Dr
Bernard Chidzero, said last week.

Describing the problem as “the
most destabilising factor in the
economy"', Dr Chidzero said that
some 90 000 youths flood the job
market annually and by 1996, more
than 100 000 jobs would need to be
created in the formal sector. °

‘Addressing officers at the Zim-
babwe National Army staff college
in Harare, the minister said the high
population growth, which is ‘well
above average” by world standards,
is one of several factors that have
aggravated the situation.

Under the Zimbabwe Govern-
ment's First Five-Year National De-
velopment Plan, a number of poli-
cy measures will be initiated, among
them, changes in the educational
system and its curriculum geared
“towards producing school-leavers
and graduates with the right skills
"as demanded by the economic and
social requirements of the new ord-
er. The concept of education with
production is a case in point,” he
said. ’

Unless vigorous family-planning
programmes are implemented. the
country’s population will have
grown to over 10 million by 1996.
“This fact, depending on the level
of economic activity, will strain em-
ployment opportunities and the:pro-
vision of adequate social services.

“*More people will have to find
jobs in areas of new or expanded ac-
tivity such as horticulture, produc-

/12828

CsO: 3400/455

tion of rubber, etc, and also in the
informal sector. With the govern-
ment’s thrust on rural development, -

conditions in the communal areas
will improve, thus curbing rural-to-
urban migration.

“*At the rate at which education
infrastructure facilities are being
provided, the level of literacy would
be very high — thus changing the
social structure of our community;
we would have a more enlightened
peasantry, working class and intel-
ligentsia,"’ Dr Chidzero said.

Turning to the five-year pian, the
minister said that given an annual
growth of 5.1%, the gross domes-
tic_product (GDP) will be over

$13 500 million at 1985 prices by
the year 1996. The productive sec-
tors (agriculture, mining and
manufacturing) will constitute about
50% of the GDP. ~
“The manufacturing sector will
contribute about 30%, compared to
about 25% today, and will therefore
considerably dominate the economy
in terms of its contribution to the

GDP. This would indicate a con--

siderable level of industrialisation.

“Another indicator is that per
capita income will be about $600 in
1980 prices, or double this figure
in current price terms (about
$1 200), compared to $640 and
$800 respectively in 1986. We
would still be far behind the aver-
age per capita incomes of industri-
al countries, but much better than
many developing countries." he
said.

Efforts to reduce dependence on
South Africa will be made, and
Zimbabwe will, under the plan, try
to establish industries that produce.
or expand the production of inter-
mediate. capital and consumer
goods to meet national require-
ments, as well as tor export to PTA,

39

Sadcc and international markets.

“This will provide additional em-
ployment and expand the country’s
technological base that is so vital for
sustained economic development. .
Success of this venture will lead to
an export growth of 7% per year." |

In addition, the country will open
new markets and also expand trade
with countries in the EEC, CMEA,
OEDC, ASEAN and other group:
ings of countries, “to ensure a deci-
sive shift from the South African
market for our goods such as
textiles. '

“'To.this end." Dr Chidzero said,
“transport routes to the sea are vi-
tally important. The routes and har-
bours in Mozambique are, ge-
ographically speaking, the natural
and also the cheapest modes of
transport for Zimbabwe's imports
and exports. This is also valid for
other countries, notably Zambia,
Malawi and Zaire.

“Indeed, for Zimbabwe, a strong
orientation towards Mozambique’s
routes, and cooperation with coun-
tries with a similar interest, is the
only correct answer to national de-
velopment and to the issue of sanc-
tions against South Africa. There-
fore, security on these routes is of
paramount importance to ensure
continued flow of traffic without
major disruptions."*

Although Zimbabwe is part of the
international community, and de-
velopment in the world economy
“‘and expectations of the interna-
tional community"* are bound to
have un impact — for better or
worse — on the country’s socio-
economy, the Zimbabwe Govern-
ment will not hesitate to introduce
measures conducive to the achicve-
ment of targeted national goals.

““By the same token. positive de-
velopments in the world economy
and the express positions of
progressive countries will be taken
advantage of so that they benefit us
to the fullest."* said Dr Chidzero.

ZIMBABWE



"We would like to see the Canadian Government and those Canadian firms
still in South Africa to reconsider their stand in the light of Canada's
changing policy to the Soviet Union and try to make their influence felt,
through greater and not less commitment to change in South Africa.

"Overkill has been achieved and the one time carrot and stick approach
to South Africa has gone from stick to baseball bat to telephone pole
and the carrot has wilted and shrunk to such a degree as to be all but
invisible, even to a rabbit," the association said.

/8309
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109



RAND MINES DEVELOPING NEW KHUTA COAL STREAM

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Nov 86 p 32

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

THE Rand Mines group
has brought its new Khu-
tala coal mine into pro-
duction — and the mine
yesterday despatched its
first coal to Escom’s 4 000

tion.
Developed at a cost. of
R440 million (in today’s
money terms), Khutala is
one of two Escom-tied
coal mines being devel
oped by Rand Mines. The
other is Majuba, near
Amersfoort, Transvaal,
which will produce coal
for Escom’s new Majuba.
station.

The group’s first Es-
com-dedicated coal mine
— Duvha — reached full
production last year and
is today one of the largest
open-cast coal mines in
the country. Both Khuta-
la and Majuba will be

went along the overland
conveyor belt to the Ken-
dal power station today
marks the beginning of a
1,5 million ton stockpile
which Escom will build up
at the power station: be-
tween now and June
1988, when the first of six
generating sets will be
commissioned. The mine
has been designed to pro-
duce 1,1 million tons at
full production.

3400/445

So far, two under-
ground sections are in op-
eration at Khutala, with
coal coming to surface up
a 600-metre incline shaft
on a conveyor belt cap-
able of handling 54000
tons a day. The mine is
currently producing at a
rate of 25000 tons a
month.

The number 2 seam lies
some 100 metres below
surface, while the number
4 seam is about 20 metres
above it. Both are about
6,5 metres wide. The

number 5 seam is about’

15 metres above the num-
ber 4 seam and is 2,2
metres wide.

Situated near the town

create jobs for some 3 200
people — 2 800 of them
Black.

118

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA-86-123

15 DECEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
INTER~AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Briefs
Sweden Offers Transport Aid

ANGOLA

Portuguese Journalist Visits Jamba, Attends UNITA Congress
(TEMPO, 18 Sep 86) .ccccccccccccccecsccecesceeeeescccceeee

Briefs
MPLA Mass Burials
Delegation Visits Yugoslavia
FAPLA Kills Seven, Captures One
Bulgarian Labor Delegation Visits

BOTSWANA

Soviet Envoy Praises Bilateral Relations
(Gaborone Domestic Service, 8 Nov 86) .cscccccceceeeccoeee

MALI
President Discusses Somiex Problems
(Mohamed Soudha Yattara; L'ESSOR, 11-12 Oct 86) we.ecccooe
Nomad Settlement Program Detailed
(A. Albadia; L'ESSOR, 7 Oct 86) .o...
Briefs
Traore Receives Iranian Ambassador
French Aid
MOZAMBIQUE

Agreement Signed With GDR for Trai
(NOTICIAS, 20 Oct 86) ..

-a-

ng, Work Programs

wwNNS

10

12

14
14



At this point Dr Gow asked not to be quoted.
However, later in the conversation, Dr Gow
said his opinions had perhaps been a bit
strongly stated. He felt he would have to study
all the articles and statements before he could
reply.

Rayner and his colleagues wonder how “aca
demics like this (and Dr Gow is by no means
alone) will react when the number of black stu-
dents at the university increases to reflect the
society it is there to serve”,

Rayner said: “More important perhaps is
that a university education must be paid for
privately — there are some bursaries for disad-
vantaged students, but not nearly enough.

“The expensive universities, and the more
liberal ones are the most expensive, are out of
reach of most of the black population.

“Given this, should the right of access of a
privileged few be defended, when so much tal-
ent and potential goes unrealised?

“The second argument we have encountered
is that South Africa is moving towards reform
and we must not interfere with that progress.
Why criticism should affect such a process is
not clear, nevertheless we question whether the
Policies of the present South African Govern-
ment are directed to alleviating the situation.”

Also aired overseas are the pleas of Profes-
sor Karl Tober, who has recently visited uni-
versities overseas, for help to improve the “op-
pressive conditions of black students” and to
help South Africa prepare for a post-apartheid
era, according to a report in the Collegian, pub-
lished by the students of Pennsylvania State
University.

According to a photostat of the front page of
the publication, Professor Tober also empha-
sised that there was a white backlash by the
Moderate Student Alliance, which opposed ef-
forts to upgrade the conditions for students at
the university.

“The organisation makes the KKK look like
a heavenly choir”, he said.

“They hold demonstrations, show posters of
violence and make a lot of noise. But for all the
efforts by the apartheid government and its
Supporters to suppress the education of Soutii
African blacks, Wits and Cape Town universi-
ties have continued to oppose and to fight the
system,” Professor Tober said.

On Friday Profesor Tober declined to com-
ment after he was given a copy of the report.

112828
CSO: = 3400/443

Later that day he announced he was to retire at
the end of 1988. “It is not-a sudden decision, I
am happy in my job and I love it.”

Meanwhile the University Freedom of
Speech Association today called for Professor
Tober’s resignation for “failing to control and
discipline radical students responsible for vio-
lence and intimidation” on the on campus.

Mr JR Lambson, chairman of the associa-
tion said the call was also in response Profes-
sor Tober's remarks about the SMA quoted in
the Collegian report.

“Professor Tober’s Statement, if correctly
quoted, demonstrates his Prejudice against
moderate students and his abject failure to con-
trol and discipline radical students responsible
for violence and intimidation on campus,” Mr
Lambson said. .

“The University Freedom of Speech Associa-
tion calls for his immediate resignation.

“The Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Student Af-
fairs) must also accept responsibility and
acountability for failure to control and disci-

pline and control students and should also re- |

sign.”

| The University Freedom of Speech Associa-
tion is‘made up of about 100 Parents of Wits:
students and was formed earlier this year after
left-wing students blocked Unita representa

tives from speaking at
the university.

Last year Professot
Tober was presented
with a petition signed by
students and some staff
members critical of what
they claimed was his fail-
ure “to uphold the rights
of students to demon-
strate peacefully on cam-
pus”,
More recently he has
urged those proposing
cultural boycotts to make

a distinction between the :

suporters and opponents
of apartheid. -

He has also told par-
ents of students at the
university they should not
fear for their children’s
safety.

This week, months
after the violence, the

102

mother of two daughters
at Wits, Mrs D Jones of
Johannesburg, wrote a
letter calling for control
of the “gangs causing
chaos on campus”.

“This nonsense has
dragged on long enough
now, we need to see a
clear and firm policy so
the university can turn
over a new leaf by the
new term next year.”

“The country is in no
position to squander edu-
cational opportunities”.

But an insider says
there’s no chance of the
university’s problems
being solved overnight,

‘Changes will have to
come or Wits just won't
survive the post apart-
heid era,” he said.


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

STATUS OF BLACK EDUCATION, 10 YEAR PLAN REPORTED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 20, 21 Oct 86
[Series by education correspondent Grietjie Odendaal]
[20 Oct 86 p 7]

[Article: "Vitality Despite Boycotts"; first paragraph is DIE BURGER
introduction]

[Text] Black education in South Africa conjures up an image of general
disruption. A closer look reveals that, despite problems, progress is being
made. Ina series of three articles [third article unavailable], education
correspondent Grietjie Odendaal outlines the situation in the schools, current
problems, and future plans for black education. Today's article discusses the
disturbances in the schools and the worries expressed about them.

In recent years black education has become synonymous with crisis, boycotts,
and disturbances, and worries are being expressed about whether it will ever
be possible for the situation to return to normal again. Despite this
picture, a closer look reveals that over the past 3 decades, black education
has been marked by evolutionary growth and vitality.

When it is realized that black students form 75 percent of all students in
South Africa and that their number increases by 250,000 annually, it puts into
perspective how serious the situation is and what challenges it presents.

The first disturbances were in 1976 in Soweto, when the proximate cause was
the use of Afrikaans as medium of instruction. Since 1983 school has been
interrupted by boycotts and disruptions. This shows up in the drop in Matric
pass figures last year. This year's results are cause for worry and
pessimism. Black students' results are expected to be the poorest in 10
years.

According to statistics from the Department of Education and Training, only

between 250 and 280 schools were disrupted last year by boycotts and
intimidation; this is out of a total of more than 7,500--of which 6,896 (1.12

62



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S TOWNSHIP COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY sTRATEGY ACTIVATED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Nov 86 pp l, 2
[Article by Lester Venter and Norman West]

[Text] The.Government has activated a far-reaching new coun-

ter-revolutionary strategy to restore order to troubled

black townships.
ment centres with direct lines of communication from
street level to the highest reaches of Government.

Described as a campaign to win hearts and minds, the tightly co-
ordinated system — mobilising all levels of administration — is designed
to pre-empt revolutionary forces and to “deliver good government and
security to the people”.

The system — it is called the National Security Management System —

has been in place for seven years but has remained more or less dormant. It

has now been activated
and vastly expanded as
the State’s primary re-
sponse to the current,
two-year wave of poli-
tical unrest.

This was confirmed by
senior Government
sources in Pretoria this
week and in a confidential
booklet circulating in

olitical circles. Sse

age 2.)

the SMS has two legs:
one concerned primarily
with security matters, the
other with economic, social
and constitutional issues —
all at local and regional
level.

Already 400 “Mini Joint
Management Centres” are
operating throughout the
country.

They are made up of local
representatives of govern-
ment departments, munici-
paksauthorities, commercial
opganisations and a variety
of bodies with local interests,

Speedy

Their task is to identify —
at grassroots level — prob-
lems and grievances that
hold a potential for causing
unrest and ensuring that they
are resolved as speedily as
possible:

‘The “mini JMCs” report
upwards to regional JMCs
which, in turn, report to the
State Security Council and
other Cabinet committees
and onwards right to the core
of Government in Pretoria.

The aim is to pre-empt
radical elements who exploit
local grievances in order to:
incite unrest and so make
parts of the country “ungov-
ernable”.

By implication, the Gov-
ernment’s counter-strategy
acknowledges that there has
been foot-dragging and
competence by many Got
ernment departments at
local level. It is designed to
cut red tape and to solve
problems quickly.

The system is based on the
Government's belief that it is
facing a carefully planned
revolutionary onslaught
which can only be countered
by pre-empting its adversar-
ies.

Shadowy

Critics of the system fear
the NSMS, with its strong
military and police compo-
nent, will become a shadowy
form of government operat-
ing parallel to visible institu-
tions.

It has been criticised by
Professor Deon Geldenhuys,
of Rand Afrikaans Univers-
ity, as reaching too far be-
yond democratic account-
ability.

“The solution of the politi-
cal problem is not to be found
in beefing up the security sys-

48

It is based on a vast network of manage-

tem, but acceding to the le-
gitimate demands of the peo-
per says United Democratic

‘ront treasurer Mr Azhar
Cachalia.

But participants in the
NSMS reply that the new sys-
tem is designed to do just
that.

The reason for including
all relevant areas of admini-
stration, including welfare,
culture, housing and provi-
sion of services, they say, is
to quickly alleviate valid
grievances that could grow
into security problems.

A senior State Security
Council (SSC) official said: “It
is not secret, not shadowy,
not parallel and not ‘funded
for executive action.

“The NSM system exists to
co-ordinate the elements of
government. It could not fea-
sibly replace the existing sys-
tem.”



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RAJBANSI SAYS REVOLUTIONARIES WILL NOT SUCCEED
MB231601 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1525 GMT 23 Nov 86

[Text] Durban, Nov 23, SAPA--Revolutionaries would never succeed in grabbing
political power in South Africa and they should be under no illusion about it,
a cabinet minister and chairman of the Ministers Council in the House of
Delegates, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, said in Durban today.

Mr Rajbansi, who is also leader of the National People's Party, controlling
group in the Indian parliamentary chamber, was addressing his party's Natal
provincial congress.

He said South Africa found itself exposed to various challenges and threats
and there was need for a clear understanding that power-sharing, and not total
surrender of power, was the answer.

Power-sharing could be achieved only at the negotiating table and not through
violence, he said.

Referring to reform in South Africa, Mr Rajbansi said that side-by-side with
the government's reform initiatives, private enterprise should also put
reform measures into action by providing equal opportunities in their
undertakings for people of colour.

"Real reform" should also come from the shop floor, he said.

/8309
cso: 3400/462

97



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MORE REFUGEES TREK TO ZIMBABWE
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 2 Nov 86 p 7

[Text] Mozambicans from the most northely areas of Bawa and Zumbo, are still
making their way to Zimbabwe after its capture by MNR bandits last month.

Early last week a number of young men arrived at Kanyemba where they have
settled at Chief Chapoto's home. Most of them had walked on their way to
Zimbabwe to stay with relatives.

At least 30 families have settled at the home since the bombardment and looting
of Zumbo by MNR bandits earlier last month.

Said a young man, Alimu Joao, who came to the area two days after the town
had been overrun by the bandits: "I will never go back again because these
people (MNR) are killing us for no reason. We do not know what the situation
will be like and returning there will only put our lives at risk."

Others who have fled the brutalities of the bandits have settled at Bawa
where there are Mozambican soldiers. The small settlement is situated near
a place where the Luangwa River meets the Zambezi.

At Zumbo the bandits have burnt and looted most of the buildings and the
town is now deserted. It is understood that most of the families left for
Zambia to settle with relatives.

Those families that have settled in Zimbabwe have vowed never to return until
the situation improves although it's a long time since they have heard of the
situation back home.

“We cannot go back because when we left there was war. Some of us left
Bawa because we think that the bandits will come back and attack the settle-
ment as they did to Zumbo," said a woman who refused to be named.

It is understood that during the fighting between the Mozambican army and the
bandits some of the refugees were ferried by trucks to safer areas. The
refugees only brought with them few belongings or nothing at all except the
clothes they were wearing.

/12828
CSO: 3400/453

22



attention to the best after they complete their training so that they can
become instructors. Another aim of ours is to complete the planned vocational
training centers in Mozambique no later than 1987 so that they can absorb
those instructors. To do that, it is necessary to pay even closer attention
to those experiments in Mozambique, because they represent a big investment
that must pay off. This means that we are going to train cadres in vocational
training who can gradually take charge of the training process and the process
of developing the country's national economy. We also agreed that advisers,
instructors, and specialized cadres would be sent to the RPM to support the
existing vocational training schemes. Beginning in 1990, if I am not
mistaken, a new vocational training system will exist in Mozambique, and we
want those instructors to cooperate to that end. We are going to accept
specialists from your country who will study the operation of our vocational
training systems at the various levels--management, organization, and so on.
We also want to help your country achieve its own approach to vocational
training--one suited to your specific realities-~and we want your specialists,
in return, to be familiar with our reality and to participate in it. Each
side must become more familiar with the realities of the other side, because
it is not possible to export educational systems from one country to another.

Question: How many foreign workers are currently in the GDR, and what
percentage of that total is made up of Mozambicans?

Answer: In the field of vocational training, we have 5,000 students from 30
countries. We have about 25,000 foreign workers, and among the latter, the
largest group is from Mozambique.

Question: What are the requirements for young Mozambicans who want to apply
for work in the GDR?

Answer: Completion of the sixth grade would be ideal from our standpoint, but
that is not realistic, so we have had to adopt a training program to raise
their educational level. Also, young people between the ages of 16 and 18
form the largest group except among the students at the Strassfurt Friendship
School, who number about 900 and who began their stage of vocational training
this year.

Question: Does this mean, then, that the talks with our country's minister of
education were concerned with the question of our students in Strassfurt?

Answer: The talks with Minister Graca Machel were not concerned only with the
school in Strassfurt. We had a 2-hour meeting, and Strassfurt is certainly
not a subject that can take up that much time. Other topics, such as the
sending of advisers, instructors, and skilled workers, were also analyzed.
The question of the new vocational training system was also discussed.

Question: As far as the vocational training centers being supported by the
GDR in our country are concerned, how much have you invested?

Answer: For each vocational training center in Mozambique, we invest about 2
million marks (40,000 contos) in equipment, and that does not include our

18


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL TURMOIL ON WITWATERSRAND UNIVERSITY REPORTED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 2 Nov 86 p 14

[Article by Luke Zeeman]

[Text]

FEAR and loathing have surfaced
among the academic staff at Wits Uni-
versity.

The campus has been rocked by vio-
lence, and bomb and police intrusions, but
now accusations of racism and political ac-
tivism have been levelled at staff members
by other staff.

‘Some academics believe the time is long past ,

for ambivalence with regard to the issues fac-
ing the country and others say they are afraid
to speak out. “I fear for my family,” a staff
member said.

In one case men in the same department

don’t even greet each other and staff turnover "

is high.

The cultural boycott mooted several years
ago is also beginning to bite and there are fears
that academic standards could be affected.

Despite its liberal image, apartheid has not
entirely disappeared from the campus. It still
exists in small tea lounges for black staff, a
constant irritant to the liberal staff members
who daily pass the bombed office of Tom
Lodge, which has still not been repaired. .

Three campaigners against discrimination at
Wits are Dr Richard Rayner, Dr Judith Mas-
ters and Mr Neil Caithness.

They argue against an all-out cultural boy-
cott and suggest South African academics who
submit manuscripts to international journals,
or apply to attend conferences overseas, should
be required to sign a declaration to the effect
that:

@ They do not support an academic or social
system that is based on inequality or discrimi-
nation.

@ They are in favour of science as a united and
co-operative activity which is not divided by
artificial barriers of race, sex or religion.

This view, aired in Nature, was met with
howls of protest from their South African col
leagues. Reactions varied from accusations of
fascism and McCarthyism, to vigorous defences

of the grant-awarding bodies and the Govern- |

ment in South Africa.

To clarify the position they wrote another —

article which was recently published in the
New Scientist. In it they claimed, as an exam-
ple of the racism still encountered at the more

liberal institutions, that a current staff member ‘

of Wits had written of the “biological basis for
apartheid” and “the human species might be
described as being in an arrested state of spe-
ciation”. ‘

The staff member was not named but on

looking up the reference given, it was written ;

by Dr Chris Gow, of the Bernard Price Institute

of Palaeontological Research at Wits.

Dr Gow also stated that “advanced separat-
ist thinking such as has emanated from Stellen-
bosch during the past year suggests consolida-
tion of the homelands, an independent non-Ban-
tustan, and a free-for all mining/industrial
complex on the reef.

“Biologically, this seems a very sensible way
of keeping options open while allowing very
different populations to do their own thing.

“Biologically, the trend of this ‘Age of Envy’
to reduce everyone to the lowest common de-
nominator, will be resisted. Biology may not be
enough to fend off disaster. With the assistance
of human reason it might succeed.”

This was written in the late 1970s and this
week I asked Dr Gow, a senior researcher,
whether his opinions had changed:

“I don’t want to get involved in this thing. It’s
difficult. One of these blokes works here with
me and he is a rabid anarchist — a real stir-
rer,” he said.

101



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT CONSIDERING BUYING SOVIET AIRCRAFT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p 1

{Text ]

ZIMBABWE may acquire
Tupolev aircraft from the Union
of Sor Socialist Republics
(USSR) instead of buying new air-
craft for Air babwe from -
American or British sources as
previously planned.

The Ministry of Transport is now
considering new options for
replacement aircraft for the nation-
al airline, following the recent visit
of a government team to Moscow.
It is believed the options include
buying a long-haul, narrow-bodied
Tupolev and two wide-bodied, but

short-haul, Tupolev aircraft. Rus-
sia does not manufacture long-haul,
wide-bodied aircraft.

‘As reported in the Gazette in
March, Air Zimbabwe was
negotiating with the American Boe-
ing aircraft company to purchase
three 737 medium-haul aircraft to
replace its ageing Viscounts for
regional and domestic routes.

Tt was also negotiating with Mac-
Donald Douglas of America to buy
a DC1O long-haul aircraft — a ver-
satile cargo-and-passenger carrier
much favoured by'several African
countries, and in service with Air
Zambia.

Now, however. the scene has
changed following various financial
considerations, and the recent
strained relations betWen Ameri-
ca and Zimbabwe.

It is believed that the major part
of a contract with Boeing to pur-
chase three 737 medium-haul air-
craft may not be finalised. Instead,
only.one Boeing 737 aircraft will be
purchased.

A team from Air Zimbabwe is at
present visiting th: Boeing plant in

{12828
CSO:" 3400/454

Seattle and is working with techni-
cal staff there in order to prepare for

~ the anticipated handover of the sin-

gle Boeing 737, which is expected
to arrive in Harare in December.

The purchase of the originally
proposed DC10 long-haul passenger
aircraft. may not be finalised
although it is understood that a let-
ter of intent was signed previous-
ly. Instead, AZ may receive a nar-
row long-haul Tupolev and/or two
short-range Tupolev machines
manufactured, according to local
aircraft engineers. to fifties technol-

ogy and specifications.

These aircraft, need two or three
stops on long routes such as the Ha-
rare to London flight. They are said
to be unpopular with passengers,
aircrews and maintenance en-
gineers, due to their technology and
lack of state-of-the-art travelling
comfort.

The national airline needs new
long-range aircraft to replace the
noisy and fuel-expensive Boeing
707s. At present it is leasing one
115-seat Boeing 737 at considera-
ble cost for regional and local
operations.

New aircraft on its domestic and
regional routes are even more bad:
ly needed to replace the old remain-
ing Viscounts.

Speculation is rife among tour
operators in Harare as to what type
of Tupolev aeroplanes may soon be
seen on Air Zimbabwe's routes, in
competition with other airline's air-
craft more favoured by tourists and
most regional travellers. .

Asked to comment on whether
Air Zimbabwe would soon be opér-
ating Tupolevs in place of its form-
er plans to acquire modern Boeings

30

and a DCIO, the Secretary for
Transport, Engineer Desai, told a
Gazette reporter this week that he
could not comment upon or confirm
what he described as “pure
rumours’. !
It is understood that the Russian
aircraft negotiations include an aid
package. However. so did the
negotiations with the American

Boeing aircraft manufacturers. 4
A spokesman for Media Associ-
ates, which acts as Boeing's public
relations representatives in the
Sadce region, confirmed that discus-
sions between Boeing and Air Zim-
babwe and government representa-
tives had been going on about the
. purchase of aircraft for about three
years .
“All we can say at this state, as
~Boeing’s public relations represen-
tative here, is that we have not
received either confirmation or
denial that a sale has either been
made or cancelled,’’ he said.

The acquisition of aircraft radi-
cally different from those formerly
operated by the-uirline will involve
it in considerable extra expense.

Not only will aircrew and en-
gineers need to be extensively re-
trained and re-qualified, the airline
will be faced with carrying a com-
pletely new range of spares. At
present there is a certain compati-
bility and familiarity between the
types of Boeing aircraft operated
and those’ it had intended to
purchase



RENT BOYCOTT SPARKS BOOM IN SPENDING

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 3 Nov 86 pp l, 2

{Text]

RETAIL sales are being boosted b:
between R60m and R80m a mont
because of the rent boycotts in black
areas throughout the country.

Economists say the boycott is effec-
tively a massive subsidy to the black
consumer.

The huge cash injection into the eco-
nomy is said to be as high as R400m and
is money which should have been remit-
ted in rents.

Blacks have withheld rent in 54 town-
ships nationwide and retail executives
report a direct correlation between rent
boycotts.and increased sales.

Reet retailers, while reluctant to re-
lease exact figures, say sales have risen
by 10%-20% in real terms in the past six
months.

Checkers MD Clive Weil explains:
“Blacks do not put their money aside as
more sophisticated consumers do. The
(rent) money is being spent.”

Edgars Vic Hammond says con-
sumer spending is strong, particularly in
black areas.

(R341m) for the 26.weeks to September
28.

OK Bazaars sales director Ken Coote
says it is difficult to quantify the effect of
the rent boycott. Still, he says, OK will
show an increase in sales in real terms
for the past six months — and he admits
the rent boycott has played a role.

At Spar, volume is up 5% in real terms
for the current six months compared
with the same period last year. Spar
executive-director Sidney Matus says
turnover has been particularly high at
stores popular with blacks.

The rent boycott and a feeling of safe-
ty among black shoppers explains Spar’s
success, says Matus. .

lagers

3400/445

gars recently increased ~
sales by a massive 24% to R423m ‘

Mark Swilling, head of the University
of Witwatersrand-based Community Re-
search Group, conservatively estimates
that black councils are losing R40m a
month, but says he would not be sur-
prised if the figure were closer to R60-

Real gross domestic expenditure in
_the third quarter increased at a runaway
annual rate of 20% and real gross domes-
tic product by 2% to 3% in the third
quarter.

Market research shows black spending
has been on the upswing for six months.
Retail industry sources report blacks
also feel more comfortable shopping in
white areas since the state of emergency
was imposed. .

A private market survey on buying

trends, commissioned by Checkers, con-
firms the boost in sales since the
rent boycott was im .

ein 10a, ase ery, back
3 jum from 86 in February,
186, to109 by July. a

Private stockpiling by black buyers
anticipating another consumer boycott
has also sj sales to some extent.

- Township unrest has provided an add-
ed boost for large retail chains as black

* shopowners have been reluctant to carry

large stocks, fearing burglary and loot-
ing. .

Metro Cash and Carry MD Cecil Smith
says this has sent many blacks into white
shopping areas with their rent money.
Metro expects to achieve its 31,5c share
earnings target forecast and to pay an
interim dividend of 6c.

Meanwhile, the rent boycotts have led
numerous tonwship councils to the brink
of bankruptcy. |

In Soweto, where 94% of residents are
not paying rent, town clerk Nico Malan
estimates the council has lost R59m
since the boycott began int June.

Tom Boya, deputy president of the
Urban Councils Association of SA, ex-
plains: “The fact that rent — the main
source of income — has not been paid has
rendered the townships ungovernable
and has resulted in their collapsing.”

111

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



A 1917 poem by H.A. Fagan comes to mind:

Forgive, o fathers, us if where

The bloody battle once was fought

And to the nation's altar there

The dearest sacrifice was brought,

Now by the weakling later-born

Devoured are the fruits with shame,
Your love of liberty is trod with scorn,
Dishonored is your glorious name.

If in our land your souls yet live,
Forgive then, fathers, o forgive!

Whoever still believes in the AB, or who shuts his eyes to these realities,
should know that he will not be excused on the day of truth.

As former chairman of the AB, I appeal to the remaining members who still
have the welfare of the Afrikaner people at heart, to now totally break
with this organization. It has disavowed its purpose for existence.

[Box, p 8] Key Portions of the Broederbond Circular Letter

...are recognized within the geographic area of the Republic of South Africa
by the basic positions which follow. Freedom of association, including the
right to associate and the right not to associate, is relevant--it thus
includes recognition of the formation of an open group as well.

Ethnicity is important and is indeed a reality affecting the identification
of minority groups and communities, but this does not imply an elevation
of group rights to an absolute principle.

3.2 A Christian test of government assuredly consists of determining
whether a government governs in the general interest of all of its citizens.
It may not favor some at the expense of others. It must, fairly and justly
in equal measure, govern all its citizens. In this regard the constitution,
in its own right, must fulfill the requirements of justice.

3.3 Further, the exclusion of effective black participation in political
processes up to the highest level is a threat to white survival which
camot be averted by the maintenance of the status quo or a further
consolidation of power in the hands of whites.

3.4 It is thus necessary that all citizens of the state be able to
effectively participate in the legislative process as well as in the process
whereby the government comes to power. This can include processes by means
of which representatives are elected directly or by an electoral college,

or are designated by other procedures. A government which is assured of its
continued mandate to govern by only one segment of a community, will favor
segment. That is unacceptable for the white man and the Afrikaner,

all other population groups.

54



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CANADIAN BUSINESS GROUP CRITICIZES DISINVESTMENT
MB241647 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1641 GMT 24 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 24, SAPA--The Canadian Business Association [CBA] of
South Africa regrets the withdrawal of the Bata shoe company, the largest
Canadian employer in South Africa, because of pressure from the Canadian
Government, the CBA said in a statement today.

The CBA said the move was not consistent with the association's belief that
greater involvement yields greater influence on the turn of events in
South Africa.

"This is exactly what (Canada's) minister of external affairs, Mr Joe Clark,
said recently when he announced that Canada was lifting its sanctions and
its curtailment of relations with the Soviet Union," the statement said.

He made it clear that the sanctions had not worked nor had had thei desired
effect, so Canada would try to work within the system to influence events in
that country.

“We believe that South Africa's case is no different," the CBA said.

"The Canadian Government perhaps believes that South Africa is a softer
and easier target for its moral righteousness," it added.

The CBA believes that time will show Mr Clark to be wrong and that Canada will
find itself with "no influence in South Africa and will only have to resort
to meaningless platitudes on the floor of the United Nations."

It also believes that corporate pull-out and foreign refusal to buy South
African goods will not bring about the downfall of apartheid any faster
than the momentum for the same that has already been set in motion.

“We feel that had the West given the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, some
measure of recognition and support for his efforts, however small they believe
them to be, he would have been in a far better position to override his right
wing and push through these necessary changes," the CBA said.

108



NAVY GETS NEW TRAINING SHIP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Nov 86 p 12

[Article by Bert van Hess]

[Text]

SANCTIONS and
threats of sanctions are
already proving to be a
much needed shot-in-
the-arm for the ‘Or-,
phan Annie’ of the SA
Armed services, ‘the ,
SA Navy.

The deteriorating
world political situation
has brought home as per-
haps never before the im-
portance of the Cape Sea
route, and of training
young South Africans to
join the Republic’s mari-
time family.

It is with this in mind
that the SA Navy formal-
ly took over a year’s lease
from the Merchant Mar-
ine its sail training ship,
the Howard Davis, at the
weekend.

The 53,7 ton 17,4 metre
vessel undertook her: first

training jaunt at the
weekend, loaded to the
scuppers with young sea
cadets and a crew of hard-
ened sailors. .

Faces were green and
there was a marked lack
of interest in supper on
the initial afternoon-night
sail from Cape Town’s
Granger Bay to the naval
base at Simonstown.

/12828

CSO: 3400/448

Among the young sail-
ors was 17-year-old Ros-
souw Botha, youngest son
of State President Mr P W
Botha and a standard 9
pupil at Cape Town’s
Hoérskool Groote
Schuur.

‘After an initial queasi-
ness, he handled the sail
like a veteran — and on
docking said “this is the
greatest. It’s a naval life
for me”.

According to Commo-
dore Ray Eberlein, Chief
of Naval Staff Personnel,
the back-to-sail principle
for training is a vital’ one
in making young South
Africans more sea-mind-
ed.

He told The Citizen be-
fore the maiden voyage of
the Howard Davis — her-
self a one-time contender
in the 1971 Cape-Rio race
and communications ship
in the 1982 South Atlantic
Punte del Este — “This is
the first step in an ambi-
tious programme to make
our youth, boys and girls,
more sea minded”.

He said naval men be-
lieved there was no finer
way of preparing for to-
day's electronic age on
the sea than by doing
basic training on an old-
fashioned windjammer.

72

Sailors of the Navy are
holding thumbs and hop-
ing that the relatively
small Davis is only the
first step to the Navy get-
ting its own version of the
Chilean navy’s 113-metre
four-masted Esmeralda.

The Esmeralda — in
addition to her training
trips to different parts of
the world — has been a
valuable ambassador for
Chile.

Commodore Eberlein
said that plans were to
take groups of boy scouts,
Voortrekkers, Girl
Guides, Cubs, Sea Scouts
and other young South

Africans to sea for days at
time.
There they would

learn, for instance, that a
gybe was not some form
of dance and a tack was

not-a small item to-place
on an unpopular teacher’s
seat.

“Just as the SA Air
Force has been a valuable
source of pilots for SA
Aitways, and in the pro-
cess a pool of highly-
skilled pilots has been
built up, so our new sys-
tem could build a pool of
sailors,” he said. .

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FISHING INDUSTRY GROWING IN CAHORA BASSA LAKE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Oct 86 p 8
[Article by Basilio Langa]

[Text]  (AIM)~-Sources connected with fishing in Tete Province have informed
the AIM [MOZAMBIQUE INFORMATION AGENCY] of the existence of growing activity
by fishermen in the lake formed by the Cahora Bassa Dam. They sell their fish
in Zimbabwe and Zambia. The Cahora Bassa region, particularly south of the
lake, is the most peaceful of all the rural zones in Tete Province.

Tete borders on Zimbabwe to the south and on Zambia and Malawi to the north.
It is one of the Mozambican provinces where military security has deteriorated
in recent years as a result of Malawian support for the armed bandits since
the Nkomati Accord was signed between South Africa and Mozambique.

Cahora Bassa Lake comprises the entire stretch of the Zambezi River from Zumbo
on the three-nation frontier formed by Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mozambique to the
Songo District in the center of Tete Province, where the dam is located.

The lake, which covers an area of 2,740 square kilometers, is 270 kilometers
long and has a maximum width of 40 kilometers. It was built in the colonial
period to obstruct the advance by FRELIMO guerrilla fighters.

A large share of the hydroelectric plant's energy potential is not being used
to a significant degree, however, because over 500 of the poles supporting the
high-voltage lines to South Africa, where the energy would be stepped down and
sold locally, have been knocked down.

The hydroelectric plant, which was built with primarily Portuguese capital and
has a total capacity of 2,075 megawatts, is the sixth largest in the world,
but it supplies energy only to a few urban centers in Tete Province.

At present, Mozambican fishing authorities are showing great interest in

developing their sector in the lake by taking advantage of the favorable
security conditions in the southern part of the lake.

24


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TEACHERS GROUP OUTLINES PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF INTEGRATION
MB251208 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1157 GMT 25 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 25, SAPA~-There are 205,000 vacant places in white
schools throughout South Africa--and these could be filled by black pupils
eager for an education, says a report by the South African Teachers Association
[SATA].

SATA--which was established in 1862 and represents more than 3,000 white
English-speaking teachers in the Cape-—-completed its report on open schools
recently. It has recommended that state schools open their doors to children
of all races. The report comes at a time when many Johannesburg and Cape Town
schools have called for the scrapping of racial classroom barriers, and when
the largest single British investor in South Africa, BP [British Petroleum]
Southern Africa, has offered R50 million to help schools wanting to go open.
The BP cash would be used as bridging finance to make up for the government
subsidies which the schools would lose if they become open.

SATA conducted its study after a resolution at its annual conference last
year. The report has been accepted unanimously by members. It is also being
reviewed by the Transvaal Teachers Association [TTA]. "We are examining the
report carefully. There is a lot of support among TTA members for open
schooling," the TTA general secretary Mr Jack Ballard said yesterday.

The SATA sub-committee said the unanimous acceptance of the report showed an
awareness of teachers’ moral obligations to all South African children and a
commitment to an open society. The opening of schools to all races would not
solve all South Africa's education problems. By 1990 the school population
would be about 9.5 million-~and 8 million of these would be black. "Clearly,
while we would like to see these 205,000 vacancies taken up by black pupils
who need them, we will not solve this country's education problem of sheer
numbers by opening white schools," said the report.

The report said it was unacceptable to pour money and expertise into the black
education system to raise it to the same level as that of white education.
Sharing existing white facilities and expertise was a more economic solution.
For schools to be open to all races, all apartheid legislation would have to go.
Also, for an open education system to work, schools would have to provide
compensatory educational programmes for those pupils who had come from an
educationally disadvantaged background.

/8309

CSO: 3400/462
90


But Marise de Oliveira emphasized that the 2 weeks in Jamba were devoted
mostly to working and gathering information concerning the reality of what
UNITA is. She related one detail to us:

"Anyone who thinks, as I did, that Africa is always hot is mistaken. I will
never forget how cold I felt that first night in Jamba. I was wearing light
clothing, and to fight off the cold, I went to bed wearing two TEMPO T-shirts
I had with me and a Kispo that someone lent to me. The fact is that the
temperature really drops at night, even if it is Africa."

It was also on one of the first nights there, at about 4 o'clock in the
morning, just as she was preparing for bed after 1 more day of visits and
meetings, that a soldier knocked on her door to deliver a souvenir from
President Savimbi. It was a package wrapped in brown paper with a few strips
of gold paper and a pretty bow. Marise immediately unwrapped it with the help
of her roommate, Fatima Morais.

The package contained an impressive ivory rooster painted black--the symbol of
UNITA~-and a copy of the book by the UNITA leader that Nova Nordica had
published in Lisbon. The inscription read:

"To Marise de Oliveira, head of Nova Nordica and secretary general of the
newspaper TEMPO, From Angola to the brother peoples of Portugal and the world
of Portuguese civilization and language in general! What I think and do is
open to debate, which I accept. My country ought to be the subject of
debate not by foreigners but by Angolans, taking into account the political
influence of the modern world. I thank you for coming and for publishing this
poor work by a frustrated but determined Angolan.

"Jamba, Sixth Congress, 25 August 1986, 4:00 am. Jonas Savimbi."

The various visits by the Portuguese guests included trips to the War Materiel
Repair Shops, where there is a great deal of Russian war materiel captured
from the MPLA forces ("Work there continues nonstop, and I saw them making
steel parts to replace other parts used as patterns."), the General Uniform
Shops, where work also continues without interruption and 400 uniforms per day
are produced, and the hospital, which has an operating room, sections for
pediatrics, maternity, infectious-contagious diseases, X-rays, and orthopedics
and a laboratory for analyses. Marise de Oliveira told us:

"Working at the hospital are several doctors, including one who left the MPLA
and came over to UNITA and Portuguese-trained doctors from the international
organization known as Doctors Without Frontiers. Two Belgian doctors were
also there for the purpose of studying the effects of chemical warfare, which
is being used by the MPLA and has already caused many cases of blindness."

Marise de Oliveira told us the following:

"Tt was there that I met Sister Regina Bimbi, a nun from the Congregation of
Saint Theresa of Jesus, with whom I had a long talk. She asked me to get in



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

VLOK IN CHARGE OF JMC'S--The introduction of Joint Management Centres
throughout South Africa has been code-named the "Nonzame Plan", according to
a booklet circulating in political circles. It is said to have been named
after the first black township investigated for the purpose of devising a
strategy, "KwaNonzame", near Middelburg in the Cape. The man now charged
with putting it into operation is the Deputy Minister of Defence, Mr Adriaan
Vlok. Details of the plan are contained in the October issue of an information
booklet published by "Africa International Communications". It is marked
"confidential", Certain townships have been earmarked as areas for priority
action. After which: Security forces are to stabilise the situation. Legal
local authorities are to be installed, rebuilt or improved. A start is to

be made on physical development. Social welfare will be accelerated. Local
councils will be equipped to present the best possible image. Information

and counselling programmes for local residents will be speeded up. A start

is to be made with the training of local officials. A national communications
programme to persuade people to support Government actions is to be imple-
mented. [Text][Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Nov 86 p 2][Article

by Norman West] /12828

CSO: 3400/448

73



TEMBISA PEOPLE DEFY AUTHORITIES, PLAN OWN "SUBURB!

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 2 Nov 86 p 2

{article by Mono Badela]

[Text]

A SERIOUS situation is develop- | ters into their own hands”.

ing on the East Rand — thousands
of Tembisa residents geared them-
selves this week to confront au-
thorities on the issue of housing.

Some 3000 homeless people in
Tembisa decided at a meeting this week
to go ahead with their plan to erect shanty
homes for themselves in an open space
near a railway station — despite having
being refused permission.

Last Saturday the same people con-
verged on empty land in the middle of
Tembisa to erect shacks.

They were responding to the massive
housing shortage and the failure of the
authorities to construct houses for the
homeless.

With the help of the Tembisa Working
Committee — a local United Democratic
Front affiliate — they arrived on the open
‘space at 6.30am and started to mark out
sites, which were then allocated to each
family.

At noon, however, they were ordered to
disperse within five minutes.

On Tuesday, at a meeting held in a
Metal and Allied Workers’ Union hall,
they reaffirmed their decision to go ahead
with their plans.

The Wits University-based Community
Research Group stated in a report that
the actions of the Tembisa squatters,
whose only demand was the right to
occupy unused land to build shelter for
the homeless, was one of many similar
struggles around the country.

/12828

CSO: 3400/444

The report said that since the abolition
of passes in June, black communities were
now trying to “resist what the government ..
calls orderly urbanisation by taking mat-

In Uitenhage, Cape Town, Brits,
Soweto and: now in Tembisa, squatter
movements had emerged to directly chal-

lenige the authorities to determine whe:
they should live. :

According to CRG’s report, Tembisa
has an unofficial population o1 at least
220.000 people —
township was originally designed to cater
for.

The authorities have consistently re-
fused to build additional houses in
Tembisa.

According to a TWC spokesperson,
councillors and officials of the East Rand

Development Board told residents there °

_was no money for housing construction
when they applied for houses.

“People went to the council to ask for
houses, but were given waiting lists in-
stead.

“They were promised houses — but”

some have waited for years for a house.”

Residents also complained that the in-
come derived by ERDB from their
monthly rentals was spent on the con-
struction of outlying_‘‘model_ townships”
like Ekangala on the far East Rand — not~
‘on houses for the people of Tembisa.

Consequently, the community decided
to launch a rent boycott.

The conflict over housing and the sub-
sequent rent boycott led to the collapse of

- the Tembisa council in August.

Mayor Lucas Mothiba and four other
councillors resigned in August.

79

40 000. more than the -

JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

"Since then the council has been run by
newly-appointed administrators under the _
leadership of Solomon More.

The CRG report says the decision by |
Tembisa’s squatters to occupy empty land
follows an intensification of the housing
struggle in the area.

A few months ago the authorities de-
cided to house migrant workers ahd mem-
bers of the “community guards” in four- |
roomed houses that had been built for
families. . t .

Families decided to occupy some 100
houses without authority — but were re-
peatedly arrested and fined.



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

INTER~AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

SWEDEN OFFERS TRANSPORT AID-~The Swedish Government will give a 95 million
dollar grant to the Frontline States and liberation movements in southern
Africa to assist them to resist mounting pressure from racist South Africa.
About 7 million dollars has been earmarked for the rehabilitation of the

Beira transport system, Another 40 million dollars has been set aside for the
development of the Lusaka~Dar es Salaam route. A spokesman for the Swedish
Embassy said 11 million dollars has also been granted for emergency relief
programs in Mozambique and Angola. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English
0600 GMT 7 Nov 86 MB] /12232

cso: 3400/451



Both proposals are made in the most recent social report of the company and
are the result of disinvestment pressure abroad. A company source said dis—
investment was not an issue with UK-based multinationals.

In the report the chairman of BPSA, Mr Ian Sims, says the organisation believes
--among other things--in universal adult franchise, common citizenship for all,
peaceful negotiation towards a just constitutional system, an end to violence
on all sides, freedom of association and equal education.

He also calls for political participation of blacks in central government, the
scrapping of the Group Areas Act, the abolition of Population Registration Act
and an economy which is open to all within the framework of private enterprise.

/12232
CSO: 3400/450

107



SOCIOLOGIST ANALYZES CAUSE OF TUCSA'S DEATH

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 2 Nov 86 p 4

[Text]

characteristic feature

of South African soci-

ety, because of its ten-

dency towards polar-
ization, is that organisa-
tions — both political and
labour — who occupy the
“middle ground” do not
hold out for too long.

Even the few exceptions
to this rule hold out primar-
ily} due to massive State
support and protection.

The Trade Union Coun-
cil of SA_has been no ex-
ception. One of the most
significant developments of
the post-Wiehann era in the
SA; labour scene has been
Tuésa’s rapid decline. This
deeline has been rather ob-
scufe since the focus has
been on the growth of the

democratic labour move-

met.

Since the latter’s emer-
gence in the mid-seventies,
it has successfully waged
struggles against employers
and. won important battles
resulting in victories un-
heard of in SA labour rela-
tions.

Though the phase of dis-
integration that Tucsa is
going through is related to
the growing militancy of

the democratic and pro-
gressive labour movement,
its source lies in four very
significant historical errors
committed by Tucsa.

Tucsa was formed in Oc-
tober 1954 — two years be-
fore the promulgation of
the Industrial Conciliation
Amendment Act of 1956.
This act specifically ex-
cluded provisions whereby
racially mixed unions
would be legally registered.

Though Tucsa supported
the recognition of African
trade unions and opposed
the act in this regard, its
reasons for doing so consti-
tuted the first mistake that
was later to prove fatal.

he main reason for Tuc-

sa’s support for African

unions’ recognition was

that it hoped: that by
allowing African unions to: -
register they would be in-
corporated into the existing
industrial relations mecha-
nisms — thereby diverting
their attention away from
politics.

Tucsa feared that leav-
ing African unions outside
the collective bargaining
framework would lead to
such unions being taken

77

over by political organisa-
tions. Tucsa wanted to con-

trol African unions and .

contain their ability to chal-
lenge the status quo, as. was
clearly outlined by Tucsa’s
statement on May 29,
‘Trade unions should
jing to guide the na-
tive along the path of re-
sponsible trade unionism
without endangering their
own standards of leader-
ship ... Suppression will in-

~ still in workers the desire

for political power to allevi-
ate their lot. This is a possi-
bility which we can’t con-
template without grave
misgivings if the European
people wish to remain in
Africa.”

Tucsa’s support for rec-
cognition of African unions
was essentially another at-
tempt to entrench white.
domination. Tucsa’s inter-
est in maintaining the. sta-
tus quo — racial domination
— was further displayed by
its rejection of African
trade union membership,
which constituted the sec-
ond major mistake as far as
winning African’: workers
was concerned.

Tucsa rejected African
trade union membership
because of opposition by its
white rightwing constituen-
cy.

This meant that at a time

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

when African workers were
struggling for their rights as
workers, Tucsa dumped
them to protect the inter-
ests of the privileged white
workers. Tucsa was then
faced with a major contra-
diction; on the one hand it
wanted to control African
unions for purposes of po-
litical subjugation, but at
the same time it could not
allow affiliation of these un-
ions because the white
workers wanted to maintain
racial exclusivity, particu-
larly in relation to Africans.

Tucsa tried to overcome
this dilemma by forming a ‘
liaison committee to main-
tain some kind of link and
influence over African un-
ions.

he more militant Afri-
can unions at the time
rejected this grand plan
by’ Tucsa, because it
gave African unions a sub-
ordinate position within the
trade union movement.
These unions were not '
just concerned with the eco-
nomic situation of African
workers but also with politi
cal rights for African work-
ers and the mass of the
oppressed black people.
Tucsa, by its very ideo-
logical orientation, was in-
capable of tackling the po-
litical problems of African
workers. It was these mili-
tant unions that united and
formed the SA Congress of
Trade Unions in 1955.



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

INDIAN LEADER PRAISES TRICAMERAL SYSTEM--The leader of the National People's
Party and chairman of the House of Delegates, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, says far-
reaching political and social changes have been brought about in South Africa
under the present parliamentary system of three houses. Speaking at his
party's second annual congress in Johannesburg, Mr Rajbansi said the new
political dispensation was being accepted by more and more people and that
there had been much progress in discussions on cooperation between the various
groups participating in the system. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service
in English 1115 GMT 16 Nov 86] /8309

SUPPORT FOR INTEGRATED SCHOOLS--English-speaking government schools in Natal
have given a resounding yes to opening schools to children of all races. The
principals’ Association of the Natal Teachers Society has learned from a major
survey that its English-speaking members have given their whole-hearted support
to accepting children, regardless of race and color, into state schools, The
principals agree that integration is inevitable and will be hastened once the
Group Areas Act is scrapped. The president of the Natal Teachers Society says
two major problems are the restructuring of the state educational system and
the need to break down the prejudice of white parents. [Text] [Umtata Capital
Radio in English 0600 GMT 23 Nov 86] /8309

SUPPORT FOR NATAL-KWAZULU INDABA--Durban, Nov 23, SAPA--The National People's
Party [NPP] today voted unanimously in support of a resolution moved by its
leader, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, backing the Natal-Kwazulu indaba. Calling for
equal representation for all population groups in any indaba plan for a multi-
racial Natal, Mr Rajbansi said he decried a proposed indaba plan which gave
whites 20 seats in a planned second chamber by dividing them into English and
Afrikaans speaking and only 10 seats to Indians. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA
in English 1817 GMT 23 Nov 86] /8309

SAUDI MUSLIMS SLAM NGK STAND--A Saudi Arabian body, the World Assembly of
Muslim Youth, last week condemned as "inappropriate and provocative" an

NGK resolution calling Islam a "false religion". And in Cape Town yesterday,
the Muslim Youth Movement (MYM) said the NGK and the Police Chaplain General
must bear "full responsibility" for the detention of "12 Muslim students"
and the injuries to two policemen on Saturday morning. It said an apology
and withdrawal of the NGK resolution and the dismissal of the Chaplain
General, were preconditions to "any further dialogue between the MYM and the
NGK". [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 3 Nov 86 p 2]/12828

CSO: 3400/443
103



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EDUCATION REPORT RECOMMENDS HIGHER STANDARDS
MB141504 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1454 GMT 14 Nov 86

[Text] Pretoria 14 November SAPA--A comprehensive report detailing problems
in black rural education and making far-reaching recommendations to improve
the situation is to be released early next year together with a government
policy document laying out its response. This was announced at a brief cere-
mony in Pretoria today by the minister of education and development aid, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, after he, his deputy Mr Sam de Beer, and the director-general
of education and training, Dr Braam Fourie, were handed copies of the report
to study.

A number of the report's recommendations which could be implemented immediately
had already been put into practice, according to a statement by the department.
These included jointly organising and administering a group of schools by one
capable principal, introducing the subject "skills and techniques," revising
agricultural syllabi, utilising farm school amenities as community and cultural
centers to encourage parent involvement, introducing higher secondary standards,
and extending management training programmes from the urban areas.

Highlighting the importance of rural education, Dr Dirk Meiring, deputy direc-
tor of the Department of Education and Training [DET] said 5500 of the DET's
7,348 schools were in rural areas, where more than 1 million of a countrywide
total of 1.8 million pupils were taught by some 30,000 teachers. Rural educa-
tion problems in South Africa were typical of those in most developing countries,
where the majority of the population was in the country areas. Rural education
was one of the DET's biggest challenges dur to the fact that the best qualified
teachers were generally drawn to the cities, too many puppils dropped out of
school too soon, and that secondary facilities in these areas were not always
sufficient due to the relatively small numbers at individual schools.

In a "bold venture" the DET had launched an "inter-sectoral" investigation into
rural education in April last year, making extensive use for the first time

of "outside" expertise to ensure a thorough scientific evaluation of problems
and recommendations. It was now known, for instance, that 47.94 percent of the
DET's total pupil numbers were in rural areas, Dr Meiring said.

The "huge task" had been completed in a realtively short time, but work on
rural education had not come to a standstill. “over the last 2 years, for

88


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHT-WING ALLIANCE MAY REPLACE PFP AS OFFICIAL OPPOSITION
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 1 Oct 86 p 1
[Unattributed article: "Rightist Alliance in Election"]

[Text] A rightist alliance in the upcoming general election is now
becoming a probability.

There is considerable optimism now, after last week's discussions between
the leading figures of the HNP [Reconstituted National Party] and the KP
[Conservative Party], that the two parties will soon come to an agreement.
While policy differences still exist, those differences are apparently not
great enough to scuttle an agreement.

The leader of the HNP, Mr Jaap Marais, told DIE AFRIKANER that sufficient
grounds now exist for an agreement between the HNP and the KP. The
differences which are still there, however, completely rule out any talk
of unification.

Mr Marais said the talks took place in a very good atmosphere. Nonetheless,
the discussion was intensive and straightforward.

An extensive discussion on black-white relations was conducted, Mr Marais
declared. No problems in this regard were encountered, while the parties
were also in accord on the policy which should be followed in respect to
the coloreds.

Mr Marais said further that unanimity was also reached in regard to the
concept of a Boer nation-state. Both parties support the concept of a
White South Africa and do not consider it reasonable to narrow the borders
to the area of the former republics.

As far as relations between South Africa and African nations are concerned,
the parties agree that they must be established on a bilateral basis and
not in a rigid political structure, Mr Marais said.

Mr Marais said that as far as the parties' divergent positions on Mr John
Vorster are concerned, differences in accent still exist.

56



The analysis of a few statements contained in the document is sufficient
to make any reasonable reader realize what it is we are dealing with here.
If the AB adjudges that a fair analysis is not being given, it is earnestly
beseeched to make the document public in its entirety.

The principles from the constitution, "the broad goals and basic
preconditions," which are adopted as a starting point, are taken from the
preamble to the constitution-~surprising, because it is precisely the
constitution which is to be rewritten with "the broadest possible diversity
of participation" including, by implication, the ANC.

The principle of no domination of one group by another is again introduced
as a magic formula to ensure that the white minority (13 percent of

25 million) would be able to withhold its consent under the new procedures.
What will happen if the black majority withholds its consent is not said.
Later it is solemnly declared that power sharing must be such that no
group dominates another.

"This would mean that there would no longer be an entrenched white government.
There can, however, also not be an entrenched black government, or, for
example, an entrenched Zulu government. The majority of government members
could indeed be black, but the system and the procedures must work in such

a way that all the groups can actually participate and not be dominated by
one group."

The explanation is provided that the government must interfere as little
as possible. "Thus, if a certain organization wishes to remain white, for
example, the government must not force it to change its requirements."
Even the office of state president, "who is not necessarily a white person,
must be constituted and restrained by executive authority in such a

manner that the power associated with it cannot be used for the domination
of one group."

AB members are expected to believe that the black populace will allow itself
to be dictated to regarding what it is and what it must agree on; they are
to believe that the black majority will allow itself to be manipulated to
suit the white minority. Such expectations are absurd and incredible. The
real truth is that a white minority and a black majority will come to
oppose each other in an undivided South Africa. The black majority will
decide what rights it will grant to the white minority. No power on earth
can restrain the majority from this, and no one will be able to rush to the
aid of the white minority if the latter believes that an injustice is being
perpetrated upon it by the majority.

In the document, segregated residential areas are viewed as temporarily ("at
present") desirable to provide an opportunity for subjective emotions to

be conditioned. There can be no objection to "gray residential areas,"
however.

52


JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

MALI

BRIEFS

TRAORE RECEIVES IRANIAN AMBASSADOR--Last Friday, General Moussa Traore, secre-
tary general of the UDPM and president of the republic, met with His Excellen-
cy Mobjtaba Shafir, ambassador of the Islamic republic of Iran to Mali. The
Iranian diplomat took the occasion to wish the head of state, who has just
celebrated his 50'th birthday, good health and long life. He also offered
wishes for the prosperity of the Malian people as a whole since they have just
joyfully celebrated the 26'th anniversary of their independence. Thus discus-
sions dealt with the efforts of the Malian people, its party, and government
to maintain mutually advantageous peace, security, and cooperation between the
countries of the world. Hence allusion was made to the long tete-a-tete dis-
cussions in Harare in Zimbabwe by Presidents Moussa Traore and Ali Hassan
Khameini of Iran, a meeting which made it possible to look forward optimis-
tically to the development of ties of friendship and cooperation between our
two countries. [Excerpt] [Bamako L'ESSOR in French 29 Sep 86 p 1] 9824

FRENCH AID--Last Saturday, France and Mali signed 14 agreements according to
which the French government will grant our country CFA fr 1.118 billion in
loans. These loans will help finance a variety of programs in agriculture,
stockraising, education, transportation, health, sports, arts, and culture.
These programs accord directly with the main objectives of the development
program drawn up by the Malian government, namely self-sufficiency in food by
controlling water and preventing drought and desertification, the opening up
of land, and education. For Modibo Keita, minister of foreign affairs and
international cooperation, these programs show that the French government is
taking the right approach in following the priorities defined by the Malian
government. Earlier, Francis Plateau, French ambassador to Mali, recalled the
various actions France has taken to help our country. He stated that the
objectives of Franco-Malian cooperation, corresponding with those of the party
and government, are intended for the development of our country. He stressed
that more than 300 French technical assistants are currently working in Mali
and that 600 Malian scholarship students and trainees are trained in France or
in francophone countries. To this, according to the ambassador, should be
added French aid to Malian development projects, emergency operations (food
assistance in 1984 and 1985), and locust control this year. Finally, the
ambassador expressed the desire that Franco-Malian cooperation be strengthened
for the well-being of the Malian and French people. [Excerpt] Bamako L'ESSOR
in French 4-5 Oct 86 p 2] 9824

C80: 3419/18

4



/12828
csO:

ley tobacco crops are
good like the other Ma-
shonaland areag together:
with the maize crops
which is doing well where
there ig irrigation. About
99 percent of communal
and resettlement farmers
are still preparing land
for their dryland maize
crop,

Sorghum, cotton,
groundnuts and soyabean
erops have not yet been
planted and where they
have, it is not yet on a
large scale. Only 8 per-
cent of cotton farmers
have so far planted.

In the Midlands it has
been hot and dry with.
isolated scattered light to
heavy showers with an
average rain of 15mm to
30mm. The planting of
major crops is in pro-
gress. Viei maize and
irrigated crop ranges
from knee height to tas
selling, but the shortage
of white sorghum plant-
ing seed is now being
noticed in the province.

Grazing js generally}
poor to fair in the com-
munal lands and fair to
good in the other farm~
ing sectors: The water
supplies have improved
with the recent rains, but:
there will be enough for
both people and livestock.

All distrigts in Masvi-
ngo have had rains with
the highest recorded at
Maranda and Mwenezi
with 102mm. Land pre-
paration for maize ig in
progress and 80 percent
germination has been re-
ported while viel maize is
at_knee height.

‘The whale of Manica-
Jand has received about
60mm of rain and the
irrigated flue-cured toban-
co 1s now, being top dres-
ged. Dryland seedlings for
fboth virginia and ‘burley
tabaeco are at hardenihg
stage.

3400/455

About 39 pareent of the
potential maize heetarage
is ‘being planted white
im some areag there is
germination. Land is gtilt
being prepared for the
other major crops, Live-
stock and grazing in the
‘province is good ani there
ig enough water for both
domestic and livestock

use.

Between 75 anc 80 per-
cent. of the wheat crop
has so far been harvested.

The average rainfal! in
Matabeleland North,
where it is mostly pert~
ly cloudy and hot, is.
35mm with the highest
recording at Binga, with
34mm. .

‘There: ig land prepara-
tion for maize, sorghum,
cotton, groundnuts, soya-
Heans, sunflower and
Thunga crops. Livestock’
and grazing is slowly
picking up with the early
rains, but generally there
ip adequate water for
both livestock and
domestic use. :
utent rain has fallen

roughout Matabeleland |
South where it is gene-
rally hot and dry with:
sgattered thunderstorms. |
'No maize, sorghum, ;
cotton, .groundnut, soya-
bean and rapoko crops
have so far been estab-

| Bahea while sunflower
and mhunga have not yet
| been planted.

43



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MARAIS CALLS PIK BOTHA AGENT OF U.S. POLICY
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 Oct 86 p 1

[Text] Mr Pik Botha is acting more as an agent of American policy than as a
representative of Afrikaner policy in South Africa.

These were the words of the leader of the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party], Mr
Jaap Marais, at a public meeting in Pretoria during a lashing attack on the
minister of foreign affairs.

Mr Marais referred to statements made by Mr Botha during a trip to the Far
East last month in which he said that South Africa must be given time to rid
itself of its apartheid policy. Mr Botha said that apartheid is "wrong" and
"morally indefensible." "Reform" is being announced gradually so that whites
in South Africa will accept it, Mr Botha said on the same occasion.

Mr Marais said that whites, and in particular Afrikaners, must thus be
indoctrinated to accept racial equality. "The Afrikaner must be indoctrinated
by the Americans, just like Mr Botha, into accepting a black state president.

"Mr Pik Botha is more an agent of American policy than a representative of
Afrikaner policy in South Africa."

Mr Marais said that it is incredible that a South African minister of foreign
affairs is issuing apologies to the world for a policy rooted in the history
of the Afrikaner people. This policy goes back 300 years and is not an
invention of the NP or of Dr Verwoerd. ‘The policy of apartheid is simply an
official formulation of an intuition that the Afrikaner has had from the
outset, Mr Marais said.

12271
cso: 3401/30

47



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UDF, INKATHA UNITE TO CONDEMN INKATHA VIGILANTES IN TOWNSHIPS
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 2 Nov 86 p 2
[Article by S'bu Mngadi]

[Text] | AT an extroardinary meeting in Magabeni, Natal this week,’
United Democratic Front and traditional Inkatha Supporters

united in condemning gun-toting Inkatha “thugs”. 3

“The ‘meeting, ‘called “by'
Magabeni Chief Siyanda
Luthuli_was attended by
over 600 residents and
chaired by KwaZulu urban ,
representative AZ Mlotsha. 3
*Mfotshwa and other In- |
katha. dignitaries, including |
KwaNatal Indaba delegate
Simon Oscar Xaba, heard |
speakers tell of gun-toting
thugs roaming: townships un-. |
‘der instructions to ain
UDF supporters. The
vigilantes were Fregedly led ,
by local councillor and In- .
katha Central Committee °
member Colbert Nkushu-

bane. |
An_ Inkatha _ member,
claiming he was instructed
to join the vigilantes, said he
was told they had “buckets
of bullets”. “What kind of
Ikatha is this? It is not the
Tkatha we know,” he said.

Nkushubane said he was a
victim of a smear campaign
and his house was petrol-
bombed twice recently.

Defending Inkatha,
Mlotshwa said while a man
could be a ty member,
what he did in his own time
did not necessarily demon-
strate that party’s policy.

Since August, Magabeni
Youth Organisation execu-
tive members Jomo Mkhize
and Sipho Shange and a fe-
male Inkatha member have
been killed in clashes purpor-
tedly between Mayo mem-
bers and Inkatha vigilantes.

Nkushubane and nine In-
Katha supporters have been
charged in the Umbumbulu
magistrate’s . court with
Mkhize’s murder and: public
violence.

/12828
CSO: 3400/444

76


JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

BOTSWANA

SOVIET ENVOY PRAISES BILATERAL RELATIONS
MBO0802020 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1910 GMT 8 Nov 86

[Text] The Soviet ambassador to Botswana has congratulated this country for
its contribution toward peace and stability in the region. The ambassador,

Mr (Viktor Krivda) said his country supports Botswana wholeheartedly for
maintaining its position despite threats from her apartheid neighbor. He was
speaking at an occasion yesterday marking the Soviet Union's October Revolution.
He said Botswana's 2 decades of independence have remarkably changed this coun-
try's social and economic well-being for the better, as well as its interna-
tional image. Mr (Krivda) promised that his country will extend friendly re-
lations between the two countries for the benefit of both nations and for the
sake of world peace. He added that his country is working tirelessly to
eliminate all nuclear arms and other mass destruction weapons by the year

2000; He stressed that mankind's unity was paramount to achieving peace.

Speaking on the same occasion, the minister for external affairs, Dr Chiepe,
thanked the Soviet people for their trust in this country. She wished them
well in their efforts for attaining world peace and stressed the fact that
nobody would survive a third world war.

112232
CSO: 3400/4421



JPRS-SSA~ 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FORMER HEAD URGES EXODUS FROM BROEDERBOND

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 1 Oct 86 p 8

[Commentary by Carel Boshoff: "Broederbond Establishes Guidelines for
Surrender"; first paragraph is DIE AFRIKANER introduction]

[Text] The Afrikaner-Broederbond [AB] in a recent circular letter to
members, has taken a number of positions which have caused wide-spread
comment. In it, for example, the Broederbond makes provision for the first
time for a black state president, while at the same time negotiations with
the ANC are subtly advocated. A former chairman of the AB's executive
committee, Prof Carel Boshoff, appeals in the accompanying article to
members of the AB who still have the welfare of the Afrikaner at heart,

to resign from the AB.

That the AB has reached the end of its existence is irrefutably proven by
the latest circular letter "Fundamental Political Preconditions for the
Survival of the Afrikaner."

As an analysis of the document will show, we are not dealing here with
preconditions for the survival of the Afrikaner, but with guidelines for
its surrender to a black majority government.

For this, an organization such as the AB is not required. Liberalistic
institutions such as the present-day National Party, among others, are
sufficiently capable of carrying out this process if the Afrikaner goes
along with it.

It is unthinkable, however, that the guidelines would be accepted by a
large portion of Afrikaners who still belong to the AB. It is also not
suprising that dissatisfaction and rejection of the AB's position is heard
from all quarters. This time the leadership of the AB tried to twist the
insight and trust of the majority of its remaining members too far. People
who do not belong to the AB but who nonetheless had a certain degree of
patience with it were also shocked and disillusioned at the frank manner
in which Afrikaner surrender is being propagated. The consequences for

the AB will be commensurate.

51



BLACKS

Status of Black Education, 10 Year Plan Reported
(Grietjie Odendaal; DIE BURGER, 20, 21 Oct 86) oeecoveeooe

Black Rent Boycott Costing Government Millions
(DIE AFRIKANER, 8 Oct 86) cscecceeeececccescececcsecrceves

Studies on New Mossel Bay Gas Refinery Site Outlined
(DIE BURGER, 24 Oct 86) cosecccceceveecscvccsecessceseeson

Navy Gets New Training Ship
(Bert van Hess; THE CITIZEN, 5 Nov 86) occccccceceeescvece

Briefs
Vick in Charge of JMC's

Lebowa Leader Says Blacks Should Be in Parliament
(SAPA, 13 Nov 86) cesccecccccccescceescccesescesseesessces

UDF, Inkatha Unite To Condemn Inkatha Vigilantes in Townships
(S'bu Mngadi; CITY PRESS, 2 Nov 86) wovcceceeecceecececece

Sociologist Analyzes Cause of TUCSA's Death
(CITY PRESS, 2 Nov 86) wcecececccccccsercrcccssccscecccece

Tembisa People Defy Authorities, Plan Own ‘Suburb’
(Mono Badela; CITY PRESS, 2 Nov 86) weoecceeeseccceeeseoes

Fears of Township Removals Grow in Port Elizabeth
(Umtata Capital Radio, 20 Nov 86) ...0-

Clergyman To Form Black Moderate Organization
(SAPA, 21 Nov 86) ccooee

Briefs
Fund for Private School Blacks
Examination Period Ends for Blacks
ANC's Nzo Appeals for Unity
ANC Welcomes Barclays' Pullout

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

NPP Condemns U.S., Ban on Air Links
(SAPA, 23 Nov 86) sevceccccecceccccssssccenevesscessoccces

Commentary Stresses Sanctions Will Harm Blacks
(Johannesburg International Service, 14 Nov 86) soesooeece

Researchers Find Large Numbers of Non-Whites in White Suburbs
(Andrew Thonson, Simon Hoff; THE CITIZEN, 14 Nov 86) «seo

-d-

62

68

70

72

73

74

76

77

79

80

84

85

86


JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK RENT BOYCOIT COSTING GOVERNMENT MILLIONS
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 Oct 86 p 5
(Article: "Black Rent: State Losing Millions--Soweto Owes 20 Million Rands"]

[Text] The black rent boycott is costing the state 40 million rands a mont
or 1.3 million a month [sic]--but the government admits that it has no policy
to deal with the situation.

A research team from the University of Witwatersrand has calculated that
650,000 black families in 54 black townships are refusing to pay their rent.
This is leading to a loss to the state of 480 million rands a year.

Owe

In Soweto alone black residents owe the city, Council 20 million rands. In
Port Elizabeth the rent boycott is on the rise, according to the research
team, and it is now spreading to the black townships in the rural areas of the
Free State.

The number of rent boycotters is constantly rising, as appears from reports
that have appeared on the subject in recent months.

In July only one quarter of the renters in Soweto refused to pay their rent.
According to the city clerk of Soweto, Nico Malan, only one third of black
renters pay their rent now.

However, the government is not prepared to take action. A spokesman for the
Department of Constitutional Development and Planning declared that it is the
task of the 235 black local governments to collect the rent. He called on
them to take the necessary steps.

Boycott
The boycott is political in nature, as is made clear by the statements of
black leaders in the townships. In August the Soweto City Council decided to

evict 155 renters who were able to pay but refused to do so. Intimidation
increased, however. The black City Council members themselves were among

68


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FRENCH COOPERATION DELEGATION VISITS BEIRA HARBOR
MB251213 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 25 Nov 86

[Text] A government delegation from France is in Mozambique for talks with
Mozambican Government officials to prepare for a joint session to review
the level of bilateral cooperation.

The joint meeting of the Mozambique~France cooperation commission is scheduled
to take place early next year. The French delegation is headed by the director
of scientific cooperation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, (Jacques Leroux).
The delegation visited the port of Beira yesterday and was briefed about the
corridor's transport system, which is the subject of high priority by the
region's SADCC development (?alliance).

The French and Mozambican officials flew to Beira in a newly built plane

(18 r-42) manufactured by France and Italy. The plane has been sold to

Air Mauritius. The French took this opportunity to demonstrate to Mozambican
officials the aircraft's quality and capacity. Mozambique's Cooperation
Minister Jacinto Veloso and the secretary of state for civil aviation,
Azarias Chichava, were among the officials invited for the trip to Beira.

/8309
CSO: 3400/467

23



certification, it is important that every teacher have at least a Matric and
three years of training. Thus, the Department provides for in-service
training and further training.

The salary structure for teachers is also under study. At present black
teachers with the same training as their white fellows receive the same

salary.

Efforts are being made to ensure a better teacher-student ratio. At present
the ratio is 1:40.5 in primary schools and 1:32.5 in secondary schools,
compared to roughly 1:17 in white higher schools and 1:22 in white lower
schools.

--The failure rate is unacceptably high because of socio-economic and cultural
factors, as well as because of the medium of instruction. English is used as
the medium of instruction from Std. III, and a worsening standard of English
in final examinations shows that misunderstanding of that affects subject
knowledge. Only 10-15 percent of black students complete secondary education
with any degree of success. A dropout rate of 10 percent in the Matric year
is normal, even before the final examination.

Because of educational problems, most students are underachievers. That is
why a bridging period has been introduced for 5 and 6-year olds to enable
children to adjust to formal education. Local studies have shown that out of
a total of 126,000 sub-A students in 1978, only 19,000 had been promoted to
Std. V in 1984.

--Black education is not compulsary as it is for whites. In some schools it
has been made compulsary, with permission from parents, and 182,107 sub-A
students in 392 schools receive compulsary education. This will be expanded
horizontally each year to higher classes and other areas, with parents!
permission and cooperation.

~-Free textbooks have been provided to black students since 1979, and as of
this year free writing materials as well.

Liaison Bodies

Because education does not stand apart from the community it serves, the
Department welcomes more involvement by and better liaison with local interest
groups. It has declared itself ready to negotiate with those groups about the
form of liaison bodies in which parents, teachers, and students will be
represented; but it has also warned that students will not be permitted to run
schools.

"Young people who still need to be educated cannot run schools. If they
could, they wouldn't need to be educated any more," Dr Viljoen said.

Naturally, because of these promises, however vague, everybody will be keeping
a close eye on education, warns Dr Ken Hartshorne of the University of the
Witwatersrand. ‘Thus, it is necessary to pay particularly close attention to
expenditures and decisions affecting all educational communities.

66


in the first half of next year. (If the elections are to take place in
November, they will already have been announced by the time this article is
published. )

Thus, it is virtually certain that general elections will be based on a
distribution that gives the Transvaal 76 seats, the Cape 56, the Free State
14, and Natal 20. The Transvaal has 45 percent of the seats and the Cape 33
percent. This ratio, however, is far from reflecting the numbers of voters in
the various provinces. On 30 June of this year, 1,584,617 voters--almost 53
percent-~lived in the Transvaal, as compared to only 838,313--27 percent-~in
the Cape. ‘Thus, the Cape is strongly favored in the present distribution of
seats among the provinces.

Disproportion

If one looks at the numbers of voters in election districts in the various
provinces, the disproportion becomes even clearer. On 30 June, for instance,
the Transvaal had no fewer than 49 districts with more than 20,000 voters. In
the Cape there was only one with more than 20,000 voters (Durbanville). ‘The
Cape also has the smallest district--Prieska--with 9,451 voters. (Walvis Bay
with its 4,461 voters is left out of consideration. )

The Transvaal with its average of 20,850 voters per election district also has
many more voters per district than the national average of 18,130. In
contrast, the Cape has an average of only 14,969 voters per district. In
Natal there are an average of 17,631 voters per election district, while the
mumber is 16,724 for the Free State.

If justice is to be done to the Transvaal, it must receive an additional 10-12
seats. The Cape would have to provide most of those. This would strengthen

De Klerk's position and at the same time considerably weaken that of Chris
Heunis.

This erosion of Cape political power has been under way for 2-3 decades
already. The cause is simply the large-scale population shift from South to
North, where the great industrial development is occurring. The result was
that at each redistricting the Cape lost election districts to the Transvaal,
to the dismay of Cape politicians. That is why the number of seats per
election district was fixed in 1973 [sic]. It was decided that in the future
the number of election districts could not be changed for 10 years. The last
redistricting, that of 1980, was based on this distribution.

Involvement

In 1978 P. W. Botha was still able to be elected prime minister from the Cape
as a result of the involvement of the then Transvaal NP leader, Dr. Connie
Mulder, in the intelligence scandal. Botha's election prevented the Cape from
losing additional seats to the Transvaal.

Now, however, the situation has become intolerable; no government can permit

its electoral system to give such a false picture of the distribution of the
electorate. The system will have to be altered so that the Transvaal receives

59



Bodo Weidemann arrived in our country on 13 October and left on Saturday to
return to his own country. In Maputo, in addition to his contacts with the
secretary of state for labor, he had a 2-hour meeting with Minister of
Education Graca Machel, a meeting he considered very productive. Discussed at
that meeting were questions related to the sector of vocational instruction
and matters having to do with the Strassfurt Friendship School, where 900
Mozambican students have completed about 4 years of their 7-year course of
study.

Also in the capital, the GDR's secretary of state for cooperation had the
opportunity to visit a few vocational training schools that are supported by
the GDR. He visited MABOR, which he praised for its degree of organization
and working atmosphere, and went to Inhaca Island to relax.

11798
CSO: 3442/27

16



FRENCH TEACH PEASANTS TRACTOR TRAINING

Harare THE HERALD in English 7 Nov 86 p 9

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

“MORE than 120 com-
munal farmers in
Chiweshe have been
taught to use ang main-
tain tractors by the
French under a technical
and cultural co-operation
agreement signed with
the Government.

"The French govern-
ment last year gave four
tractors to Mwenje, Ka-
nyemba, Tsungai and To-
mboedza,, _ c0-operatives
under an $833 000 agree-
ment.

The tractors were to
enable communal farmers
to ease draught power
shortage. As a pilot pro-
ject, farmers had to be
traineg im the use and
maintenance of the trac-
tors, Each co-operative

3400/455

sent members for train-
ing at the Institute of
Agricultural Engineering
near Domboshawa.. :

‘The agricultural ad-
viser in the French em-
assy, Mr Phillipe
Abadie, told The Herald
that the farmers were
taught economic,
managerial and: financial
aspects.

He said the programme
will last three years. The
French advisers had in-
troduced a one tool bar
carrier plough which was
widely used in India and
West Africa.

Mr Abadie said the
plough could ‘be used for

cultivation, roll har-
rowing, ridging, planting,
harvesting and transport.

33

JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE



Nota bene: The difference between a "gray residential area" and common
integration is not stated. It is indeed unthinkable that people can only
live in an area and not also vote there, go to school, participate in
sports, and engage in recreational activities. How the small minority
of whites is going to see to it that the gray residential areas remain
limited to voluntary areas only, is also not stated.

The position is taken that there is room on the South African scene for a
free market and private property together with a socialist system. This
must be rejected as pure nonsense. In a single country with a single
economy the governing authority will determine the economic system.

The "controversial issue" of inequality, not only in regard to property
but also in regard to the general welfare, will be one of the first issues
which a majority government will address by way of a redistribution of
wealth, and whoever attempts to prevent it, will bring the entire power
struggle down upon his head at the outset.

What is irrefutably valid is that not only "statutory, discriminatory
measures" are untenable in a unitary community, but discrimination in
practice. Integration cannot be stopped halfway. Whether the elimination
of it in such a unitary state would, in the final analysis, be a precondition
for the survival of the Afrikaner, or a process of swallowing him up, is

not hard to predict.

According to the document, the Christian test of a government consists of
determining whether it governs in the interests of all its citizens. This
means that the "exclusion of effective black participation in political
processes up to the highest level" represents "a threat to white survival."

"Al1 citizens of the state must accordingly be able to effectively
participate in the legislative process as well as in the process whereby a
government comes to power."

‘This means that all must be able to serve on the highest legislative
executive levels, whatever the future political dispensation." In this
way a black state president and a majority of black government members are
accepted as a logical conclusion.

Dr Verwoerd once said to British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan: "We
believe in providing those people with those rights to the fullest extent...
But we also believe in balance. We pelieve in leaving exactly that same
opportunity within reach of the white man...." It is this balance which
the AB has lost in this document.

This is the tragedy of the organization which in 1976 tasked its executive
board with formulating a masterplan for the survival of the Afrikaner and
which has now come forward with a masterplan for a bloodless coup against
itself. And it is presenting this as a life-saving attempt.

53



instructors. In addition, every Mozambican citizen who is trained or learns
special skills in our country costs us from 36,000 marks to 40,000 marks (from
750 to 800 contos).

Question: What are conditions like for Mozambican workers in your country?

Answer: They are exactly the same as those for any GDR citizen in the same
category as far as wages, social benefits, and unions are concerned.
Social benefits for housing, medical care, and medicines are absolutely the
same because the deciding factor as far as we are concerned is man.

[Box, p 8]
Who Is Weidemann?

Bodo Weidemann, the man we interviewed, is 57 years old and has been secretary
of state for vocational training in the GDR for countless years.

He told us that he has been dealing directly with Mozambique on matters
related to vocational training for the past 10 years.

Weidemann has licentiates in economics, electrical engineering, and
pedagogical training. But he began as a metalworker and also worked as a
lathe operator and an electrician before taking charge of vocational training
in his country.

According to what we were told by an East German source, Bodo Weidemann once
tried to earn a doctorate, but was prevented from doing so by the fact that he
is considered indispensable in the area for which he is the top official. Is
he frustrated? Apparently not, because for someone like him, who feels that
"nan is the most important factor," what greater joy could there be than to
train man?

11798
CSO: 3442/27

19



RESEARCHERS FIND LARGE NUMBERS OF NON-WHITES IN WHITE SUBURBS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Nov 86 p 10

[Article by Andrew Thomson and Simon Hoff]

[Text]

/12828
cso:

THERE are fewer Whites
living in Mayfair, Johan-
nesburg, than people of
other races, and in the
city’s three most crowded
suburbs, about one-third
of the population is
Black.

These are some of the
findings made by two
Rand Afrikaans Universi-
ty researchers, Johannes-
burg city councillor Mr
Johan Fick and Mr
Christo de Coning, who
say their research con-
firms the de facto obsoles-
cence of the Group Areas
Act.

Mr Fick and Mr De
Coning estimate there are
9000 Coloureds, 6 000
Asians and 5 000 Blacks
living in Hillbrow, Berea
and Joubert Park. The
White population of these
areas is 65 000.

In Mayfair, the number
of Blacks (including
Coloureds and Asians)
narrowly outnumber the

3400/443

legal White residents by
about 6 600 to 6 321.

The Group Areas Act,
currently under consider-
ation for amendment by
the President’s Council, is
not being actively en-
forced by authorities in
the interim. The council is
expected in many quar-
ters.to recommend a re-
laxation of the regu-
lations.

Mr Fick and Mr De
Coning say racial mixing
has also occurred to a
great extent in Clairwood
and Greyville in Durban;
North End and Korsten in
Port Elizabeth; — and
Woodstock, Salt River,
Wynberg, Landsdowne
and Observatory in Cape
Town.

86

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE
ZIMALLOYS BREAK OUTPUT RECORDS
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 31 Oct 86 p 1
[Text] valuable foreign currency for Zim- the refinery had been rehabilitated
babwe. It is in demand for making during the month of July. This had
IN MARKED contrast to its stainless and special steels abroad. been a very hectic month for the en-
problems some two years ago the In addition, the company has now gineering department, as virtually
Gimbabye (Alloys refinery at increased its production of high- all the furnaces and kiln ancillaries ;
weru is setting new production - -arbon ferromanganese by convert- were worked upon and a number of
records this year and morale ing its $1 furnace from the produc- improvements to the plant were car-
high. staff is reported to tion of ferrosilicon chrome to high- ried Out ng the outlook for the |
5 carbon ferromanganese production. iscussing the outlook for
In the refinery’s low-carbon fer- Until sow the Oe eee company in the present year Mr |
Tochrome operations, an average tion of high-carbon ferromanganese Roy Lander, the chairman, said that |
daily production of 101,2 tonnes. ood supply only about 40% of lo- chromium alloy markets were be-

was achieved in August, with the
highest daily production rising to
126,7 tonnes. This-was bettered on
September 9, when a new daily
production record of an ‘‘amazing”*
143,9 tonnes was set, together with
a record 21 taps of the molten me-
tal as against the previous daily
record of 18 taps.

These figures are a great im-
provement over previous results.
Only last year the performance of
Zimalloys low-carbon operation
was described in the chairman's an-
nual statement as having been
“‘most disappointing’.

‘The turnaround follows a furnace
overhaul during July, metallurgical
improvements, and a higher grade
of chromite ore, according to a
report by consulting metallurgist Mr
Norman Jackson.

Most of Zimalloys low-carbon
ferrochrome is exported and earns

cal demand for Zisco and metal
foundries’ in Zimbabwe. But it is ,
expected to supply all Zimbabwe's ‘
needs from now on, with a conse-
quent considerable saving in foreign

currency formerly needed for the
alloy.

Formerly Zimalloys produced
only about 2 000 tonnes ‘of high-
carbon ferromanganese annually
from imported ores, as against Zim-
babwe’s annual needs of some
5000 tonnes. But, following the
furnace conversion and other im-
provements, it can now produce all:
annual local needs within only about
six months.

Other uses for the furnace are
now also being considered.

‘Commenting on the recent excel
Jent production figures the spokes-
man said that all three furnaces at

coming more specialised and con- +
sumers were demanding adherence

to more stringent specifications.

“For the most part our raw
material inputs are satisfactory and,
given the marked improvement in
techniques now employed at the
refinery, we are well-placed to meet
the challenges of the more demand-
ing market,”” he said.

But he added that the situation
was less clear for ferrosilicon chro-
me. Improved sales would depend
largely on Zimbabwe's ability to de-
velop new markets.

/12828

CSO: 3400/455

40



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CLERGYMAN TO FORM BLACK MODERATE ORGANIZATION
MB211855 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1847 GMT 21 Nov 86

[Text] Port Elizabeth, Nov 21, SAPA--A moderate black organisation is to be
started in Port Elizabeth on December 16, SAPA's correspondent reports.

The Rev M.E. Maqina said the organisation wants to reach out to other groups
in the country working towards peace and cooperation.

Preparations for the organisation first meeting have been in hand for some
time and about 150 delegates from eight areas are expected to attend.

Mr Maqina, a former AZAPO leader, said the organisation will primarily be
a black nationalistic movement.

He said the organisation "Save the Child," which endeavours to save black
children from violence, could be seen as a predecessor.

Mr Maqina has also started a Black Christ Centre to aid unemployed people
in need,

/8309
cso: 3400/463

81



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY ELECTIONS VIEWED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 8 Oct 86 p 8

(Article: "Early Elections the End of F. W."; first paragraph is DIE
AFRIKANER introduction]

[Text] Early general elections would have major implications for the leader
of the Transvaal NP, F. W. De Klerk: they could ruin his chances of
succeeding P. W. Botha. Early elections would be held on the basis of the
present distribution of seats, which favors the Cape at the expense of the
Transvaal. The simultaneous rise of the rightist parties would result in the
annihilation of De Klerk's power base.

One of the most important reasons for holding early general elections is
rarely mentioned: the struggle among members of the cabinet to succeed P. W.
Botha as State President.

Early general elections would have a major effect on future leadership
elections, given the fact that the Transvaal NP leader, F. W. De Klerk, would
virtually be wiped out. Based on the present distribution of seats, De
Klerk's power base of 52 Transvaal NP seats would virtually be annihilated for
all practical purposes by the attack from the rightist parties. According to
expert estimates, the HNP and the CP together could win between 30 and 40
Transvaal seats. If that happened, the Transvaal NP's voting strength in the
caucus would be reduced to between 12 and 22 MP's, and even some of those
would vote for Heunis. This would be fatal for De Klerk's hopes of succeeding
P. W. Botha.

Redistricting

If general elections are held off until after a redistricting, that could
perhaps only help De Klerk's chances against his main opponent, Chris Heunis.

Any general elections held before October of next year will have to be held on
the basis of the current distribution of seats, since redistricting can easily
take 9 months. From statements by P. W. Botha and other cabinet members it is
clear, however, that early elections are being planned--either in November or

58


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FUND FOR PRIVATE SCHOOL BLACKS--The Department of Education and Training has
set aside more than R1 million for boarding bursaries for black students at
secondary schools. The bursaries are available to Standard Six, Seven, and
Eight students who are boarding at schools under the department and also
students at private schools in South Africa and the national states which are
registered with the department. The spokesman for the department said that
applicants must have a good academic standard and a positive approach to their
school work. Further details are available from headmasters and the closing

date is in June. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT
14 Nov 86 MB] /12232

EXAMINATION PERIOD ENDS FOR BLACKS--Johannesburg, Nov 24, SAPA--Black
matriculants write their last exam today and despite disruptions earlier
this month a Department of Education and Training spokesman declared the
exams "successful." Apart from scheduled exams "certain bona fide pupils
will be rewriting African Language Paper 1"-~the only exam to be disrupted
when pupils were allegedly chased away from the exam centre in Soweto on the
first day of exams, Mr Peter Mundel said. The rest are writing Functional
Physical Science (Standard Grade) Mercantile Law (Standard Grade), Physical
Science (Higher and Lower Grade), South African Criminal Law (Standard Grade)
and Venda (Standard Grade). Figures of the number of candidates who wrote
and when exam results could be expected would be made known in a press
statement later this week, Mr Mundel said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA

in English 1033 GMT 24 Nov 86] /8309

ANC'S NZO APPEALS FOR UNITY--The African National Congress of South Africa
has appealed to all patriotic South Africans irrespective of their political
affiliation to unite and work together in dismantling apartheid. ANC
Secretary General Alfred Nzo said this in an interview. He called for unity
and stressed that it was time South Africans intensify the liberation struggle
inside the country, making apartheid unworkable and the country ungovernable.
Comrade Nzo also called for unity of purpose in the international community
in the imposition of mandatory economic sanctions in order to bring about a
peaceful change. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT

21 Nov 86] /8309

82



FAVORABLE CITRUS CROP PROSPECTS IN EASTERN CAPE

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 25 Oct 86 p 10

[Article by Jenny Cullum]

[Text] SOUTH AFRICA’S 1986 cit-

/12828
cso:

Tus crop is expected to earn
well over R500 million —
and 1987 crop prospects are
favourable so far.

Among developments
planned for next year are:

@ Increased emphasis on
the “easy peelers” — exotic
soft citrus fruits. :

@ More attention to the
local market.

@ Investigation of local
packaging alternatives to
the familiar “pockets” of
oranges.

Sales of valencia oranges
are still in full swing on
overseas markets, with to-
tal export volume up 5% on
the previous season, al-
though the crop dropped by
3%.

Early season varieties of
navels, lemons and grape-
fruit brought record export
prices, with favourable ex-
change rates for the first
half of 1986 and a buoyant
overseas market.

However, overseas mar-
kets are heavily supplied
with competitive citrus
fruit from South America,

3400/446

which has caused a price |
drop in valencias,

Export sales normally
carry on till the end of |
November, when the mark- +
et is taken over by North-
ern Hemisphere citrus.

The total crop topped
R500 million for the first
time last year and the Cit-
rus Exchange is “cau- |
tiously optimistic” that the ©
overall 1986 results will be {
satisfactory, in spite of the |
strong competition, says
assistant general manager
Mr Arend Venter.

‘The Eastern Cape’s cit-
rus areas — Sundays River,
Gamtoos and Fort Beaufort
— produce 15% of SA’s

crop.

Citrus is the third-biggest
agricultural revenue
earner for the Eastern
Cape and is expected to
double production in the
next five years.

The packing season,
which began with the open-

ing of Port Elizabeth har-
bour’s new R8,8-million
pre-cooling facilities, has
just ended.

By next year a new R2,8-
million packhouse will re-"

117

JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

place the Sundays River
Co-operative’s old building.

Prospects for the coming
season are encouraging,
with good irrigation water
supplies, heavy recent
rains and blossom setting
on the trees.

Special attention will be ©
given to boosting the pro-
duction of “easy peelers” — |
exotic soft citrus varieties
of clementines, ellendales,
satsumas and minneolas —
which are very popular
overseas.

These were first ex-
ported in 1980 and the vol-
ume has increased rela-
tively slowly. Total
production is about 500 000
cartons.

Mr Venter said that
growth would be more
rapid from now on. ‘

The industry has decided
to pay more attentidn to the
local market and is investi-
gating upgrading the image
of citrus fruit.

Local packaging is being
probed and tests are being
carried on a variety of con-
tainers, including cartons
and bulk bins.


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQU!

BRIEFS

NEW STATE ADMINISTRATION MINISTRY--Presidential Decree No 65/86 establishing
the Ministry of State Administration was published in Maputo yesterday. The
ministry is headed by Colonel Jose Oscar Monteiro, minister for administration
in the Office of the President. According to an official source, the decree
was issued because experience has demonstrated the need to assign more
importance to the area of state administration, specifically as regards the
training of management organizations at both the central and the local level.
[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 11 Oct 86 p 8] 11798

GRAIN TO REACH TETE--The first half of a 6000-tonne shipment of grain from a
temporary depot in Mutoko should reach Tete Province in Mozambique before
Christmas, a spokesman for North Eastern Transport has said. The other half
would be delivered in 30-tonne transporters during January, the spokesman
said. The company is fulfilling two contracts funded by the European
Economic Commission under which it is ferrying essential food and other
supplies to hard-pressed Mozambicans. The operation is being run by a team
of drivers, engineers and administrative staff from a depot in Mutoko.

Other NET teams had recently completed a similar "mission of mercy" by
ferrying 5000 tonnes across the border to distribution points, through the
World Vision organisation. Their second contract involves transporting

farm implements and vegetable seeds into various parts of Mozambique under
a Dutch government aid programme, the spokesman said. [Text][Harare THE
HERALD in English 12 Nov 86 p 1]/12828

BEIRA PROJECT INTERESTS UK ENVOY--James Allan, British ambassador in Maputo,

has expressed his country's desire to participate in the Beira corridor project.
He said this in Beira last Wednesday during a meeting with Governor

Francisco Masquil with whom he exchanged views on the development of various
ongoing projects in Sofala Province. Also during the meeting, James Allan

was briefed on the problems facing the projects in Sofala because of armed
bandit activities, as well as hunger threat facing over 100,000 people living
there caused by drought and armed bandit action. [Text] [Maputo Domestic
Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 26 Nov 86] /8309

CSO: 3400/467

27



president of the republic and head of a publishing house that has published a
book of poems by Savimbi, and Duarte Teives, a lawyer friend of Joao Soares.

With the customs formalities completed, Marise de Oliveira and her companions
were taken to one of the airport's three buildings, where they had breakfast.

"When breakfast was over, we left in a truck for Jamba. We became covered
with a lot of dust from the road, but we were compensated for it later by the
cleanliness of that genuine city. There are no insects-~I was not even aware
of the annoying mosquitoes--and the houses have all the comfort one could
reasonably expect. Each consists of two rooms and a bathroom with a shower.
There is no lack of hot and cold water or electricity. Each neighborhood has
a "Jango," which is a kind of circular reception hall with seats all around,
and a dining hall, since all meals are taken in common."

Most of Jamba's inhabitants are soldiers, and as such they wear their uniforms
day after day. But there are also many civilians, and they wear Western
clothes. Everyone works for the movement and leads a life similar to that of
any worker in a normal city. But with a difference: reveille is announced
with a ruffle of drums, and no money circulates. There are no banknotes or
coins: everything is furnished by the movement. Our interlocutor said:

"Everyone goes to work like we do here. The children are left at the day care
center, or they go to primary or secondary school, where the course of study
goes as far as what used to be the fifth year in a lycee."

There was a pause, then the head of Nova Nordica continued without concealing
a feeling of sorrow:

"There is also an orphanage where children are surrounded with the greatest
affection. Their parents either died or disappeared in the current war. One
of the things that impressed and shocked me most was the talks I had with some
of the city's inhabitants who had come from every corner of Angola looking for
peace. They told me of horrible things they had experienced on their way to
Jamba; mothers who had had to abandon their children, and others who had been
mutilated for trying to resist when their sons were taken away from them to go
fight for the MPLA. Those are tragedies that I will never forget."

She went on to say:

"I spoke with a young driver who lives in Jamba. At that time he was working
day and night and often getting only 3 or 4 hours of sleep. I asked him why
he was doing it, and he said: 'It is the contribution I am making to my party:
it is my sacrifice so that peace will be achieved.'"

That young man has a brother studying in the United States, but there are many
young fellows who prefer not to study so they can fight for UNITA.

They point out: "The movement needs cadres--it needs young men who will get a
higher education and then return here to contribute their knowledge. But it
also needs those who fight with weapons in hand, We belong to that group."



AGRITEX OUTLOOK ON CROPS OPTIMISTIC

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Nov 86 p 5

{Article by Funny Mushava]

[Text]
ALL provinces have so

far received raing with |

the weather being gen-
erally hot and dry, ac-
cording to the first

Agritex report on
crops this season.

While irrigated crops .
are doing very well in all
provinces, dryland. crops
are reported to be grow-
ing poorly.

In Mashonaland West it
is generally warm to hot
with scattered showers in
some places. The seasonal
rainfall to date in the
province ranges om.
25mm. to 62,5mm in the
Kadoma region; 50 mm+
in ‘the Chegutu- region;
20mm to 75mm in the
Makonde region; 50mm
to 120mm in ‘Chinhoyi;
88,8 mm in gome places in
the Hurungwe region;
and 60mm to 756mm over
the whole of the Karol
region.

‘The irrigated flue-cured
tobacco in the province is
growing very well while
the early dryland crop is
being water-planted. The
seedbeds are generally
disease-free, the report
says.

Burley tobacco has not

et been planted as
eedlings are still being
hardened in the seedbeds.

‘The irrigated “maize
crop in the Chegutu re-
gion is well up while the
dryland crop has not: yet
been planted in the Ban-

ket, Makonde and Huru-
ngwe_areas. Very little
has been planted in the
Kadoma, Chinhoyi, Karoi
and Chegutu regions and
also very little of the

Sorghum has not yet
been planted in the re-
gion. >

4 Dryland
cotton has also germin-

ated. .
Some of the dry planted
cotton in the Makonde
region has germinated
but is wilting. In the
Karoi region, planting is
near completion in the
commercial farming areas
and is in progress in
other areas of the region.
The irrigated ground-
nut crop has germinated
and is doing well while
most of the dryland crop
has not been planted yet.

It is expected that a _

larger hectarage of this
crop will be planted this
season than last year.

‘The livestock in the pro-
vince is now putting on
weight and is in good con-
dition except where there
is overgrazing in the com-
munal areas, where the
condition is poor to fair.
There is a slight increase
in tick infestation in the
Makonde region.

Water supplies in all
areas are adequate except
in the Muzvezve and Jom-
pani resettlement areas in
the Kadoma region where
the situation is still had
even though few showers
have fallen.

42

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

In Mashonaland Central
it has been hot with signi-
ficant rains ia some areas,
Land preparation for sum-

crops is in progress.
The flue-cured tobacco
crop ig just as good as
that in Mashonaland West
communal farmers
are to start on the crop
this season in Musana to-
gether with a co-operative
in_Mt Darwin. ‘ :

The irrigated maize
erop is doing well with
some stands above knee
height, Planting is con-
unuing in scattered arena

and poor germination is
reported in dry planted

crop.
Land preparation for
sorghum is under way

under way for the dryland
crop, whilé the irrigated
one in the large-scale
commercial areas is grow-
ing well.

Communal area lve~
stock is in poor condition :
while that of the commer-
cial areas is good edpe-
cially where there is some
supplementary feeding: in
winter, The water sup-
Pilea are enough for both
domestic and livestock use
except for some valley
floor areas in the Mr Dar-
win region.

In fashonaland East
it 1s hot and dry: with rain
having fallen’ in most
parts of the province.
Totals to date range from
10mm to 164mm and
there was hail in the last
week of October in. the
Marondera area.

__The flue-cured and bur-

ZIMBABWE



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE JOURNALIST VISITS JAMBA, ATTENDS UNITA CONGRESS
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Sep 86 p 20

[Text] People all over the world talk about Jamba, which is the Angolan
headquarters of UNITA, the movement headed by Jonas Savimbi. Several hundred
journalists from all kinds of countries have been there, but there are few
descriptions of the place. As head of Nova Editora, the publishing house
which has now published Savimbi's latest book, Marise de Oliveira, who is also
secretary general of TEMPO, participated as a guest in the UNITA congress.
Here she tells us what she saw and how she lived during the 2 weeks she spent
in that region of Africa, which covers an area three times larger than
mainland Portugal. For the first time, Jamba is being described with the
details that only a woman does not miss. And Marise de Oliveira was the first
white woman to visit UNITA's capital.

She told us: "Jamba is a real city, divided into neighborhoods, that arose out
of nothing in the middle of the jungle. All the houses have running water and
electricity. It has a permanent population of 13,000, and everything is
spotlessly clean. What they have accomplished there struck me, who am a
neophyte when it comes to knowing about life in Africa, as a real miracle."

Marise de Oliveira told us that the invitation to go to Jamba resulted from
the publication of Savimbi's book by the publishing house she heads.

"An airplane took us from the capital of Zaire, where we had spent the night
after arriving from Lisbon, to the Jamba airport. We arrived just before
breakfast on 22 August. It was an uneventful trip, and we landed on a wide
landing strip with a hard-packed surface. UNITA officials were waiting for
us, and they courteously helped us take our luggage to the customs section.
We were not expecting to find a department like that, and we were amazed at
how thoroughly the officials did their job."

Marise de Oliveira was traveling in the company of Mrs Fatima Morais, an
Angolan living in Porto who is a member of LIMA, the Savimbi movement's
organization of Angolan women; Mrs Palmira Saudalau, also an Angolan, and her
husband; Manuel Monteiro, chairman of Centrist Youth; and Miranda Dias and
Carlos Fontoura, two members of the UNITA Central Committee who live in
Portugal. They were to be joined 10 days later by Joao Soares, son of the



Mr Gordon also said that there was a proposed programme for upgrading the
company's housing for its workers at Stapleford. Eighty of the company's
workers are accommodated at the housing estate nearby, while 40 others are
being assisted in buying their own houses.

Cde Nyagumbo described the efforts of the company saying that its record was
one of a happy story "import substitution and increasing local content which
contributes to savings in foreign currency, which releases this much-needed
resource for developing capital goods for both the domestic and external
markets",

He also praised the company's approach to industrial relations saying that a
contented workforce is a disciplined workforce. “Workers should aim for
increased productivity and both management and workers should learn to
regard each other as being equally important."

The event was attended by Dr Swithun Mombeshora, the Deputy Minister of
Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement, workers and management of Afdis

and by Harare City Council councillors,

/12828
CSO: 3400/452

36


ORGANIZED BUSINESS CRITICIZES NORWETO PLAN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Nov 86 p 18

[Article by Erik Larsen]

[Text]

THE development of «

the controversial Black
township of Norweto
would result in another
underfinanced, disad-
yantaged and unviable
Black municipality
with all its implications
for continued unrest
and financial crises.

This is the opinion of
the Johannesburg
Chamber of Commerce,
representing over 4200
business enterprises, and
the Johannesburg Central
Business District Associa-
tion.

Ina joint submission to
the Department of Con-
stitutional Development
and Planning on the draft
Guide Plan for the Cen-
tral Witwatersrand, the
two organisations criticis-
ed the plan because the
private sector — com-
merce and industry —was
not allowed to participate
on the Guide Plan Com-
mittee.

“The objective of the
committee, which com-
prised only. representa-
tives of the three tiers of
government, appears to
have been to co-ordinate
the actions of various gov-
ernment departments in
pursuit of a preconceived

/12828

cso: 3400/445

State policy, rather than
undertake proper realistic
foreward planning,” said
the two organisations in
their submission.

The organisations
slammed the Guide Plan
Committee’s proposal for
the development of Nor-
weto, which is to accom-
modate more than
250 000 people north of
Sandton.

They said the township
should not be built for en-
vironmental reasons, in-
cluding pollution of the
Hartbeespoort’ Dam; its
distance from the north-
south development axes,
and consequently difficul-
ties for transportation to
Sandton, Randburg, Mid-
rand and Verwoerdburg.

Resistance was also ¢:
pected from middle-
come Blacks to move
there, because they would
probably rather be ac-
commodated in “grey”
areas or remain in upmar-
ket sections of existing
Black townships. i

Another consideration

was the need to create an
entirely new and costly in-
frastructural system and
community facilities; as
well as the diseconomies
inherent in housing and
transporting those in low-
er income groups who
might be settled there.

“The proper approach
to the shortage of land for
non-White housing
should, we submit, be to
abandon the unworkable
concept of total residen-
tial and municipal segre-
gation by race.”

They ~ claimed ° that
“White” suburbs are
already full of Blacks, liv-
ing in servants’ accommo-
dation; so upwardly mo-
bile Blacks, who can af-
ford it, should be allowed
to become householders
in White areas.

“There is no valid justi-
fication for the wasteful
practice of allowing thou-
sands of ‘White’ dwellings
to stand empty or under-
utilised while other races
suffer shortages.

“Experience in locali-
ties like Johannesburg’s
CBD, Hillbrow and May-
fair show that the skies
need not fall. Undesirable
and anti-social behaviour
and overcrowding can
best be —_ controlled

116

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

through non-racial laws
and regulations which
already exist.”

The two organisations
submitted that account
should also be taken of
the extent to which home-
less people are moving
into unused office and in-
dustrial premises near the
city centre; and for the
need to accommodate
squatting through proper
self-help schemes.

“We realise that this
runs contrary to the incli-
nations of the politically
dominant White minority
and that (as in the USA)
residential and schooling
desegregation present
grave problems and gen-
erate much more heat
than the removal of dis-
crimination in the work-
place or in sport or enter
tainment; but in a South
African. .. metropolitan
context _ demographics
and morality — and inter-
national pressures too —
leave us with no feasible
alternative but to face and
overcome those.”

‘The two organisations
also placed on record that
they have “grave reserva-
tions” concerning both
the proposed Regional
Services Councils and the
methods envisaged to
finance them.


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH GDR FOR TRAINING, WORK PROGRAMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Oct 86 p 1

[Text] Signed in Maputo on Saturday between our country and the GDR were a
protocol and an annex concerning vocational training and manpower. ‘The
agreements were signed by each country's representative in that area: the
Mozambican secretary of state for labor, Aguiar Mazula, and the GDR's
secretary of state for vocational training, Bodo Weidemann.

Also signing the documents in question were Werner Schmidt, department head in
the GDR's Secretariat of State for Labor, and A. Jonas, our country's national
director of legal affairs.

On that occasion, Aguiar Mazula mentioned that the agreement on vocational
training had been extended last year for another 5 years and that it will now
expire in 1990. The basic objectives are to go after results that will have a
favorable impact on our economy and to strengthen the traditional ties of
friendship and cooperation between our two countries, governments, peoples,
and parties.

For his part, Weidemann said that having had the opportunity to sign this
protocol on behalf of his government gave him grounds for personal pleasure.
"Tt is very important because it means that we are participating in the
development of the People's Republic of Mozambique," he said, adding that the
agreement represents a qualitatively new step in bilateral cooperation in this
specific area. "We are training young cadres not only as skilled workers but
also at the management level," he said, and he then affirmed the GDR's
commitment to doing everything possible to continue on the road to vocational
training.

This agreement covering vocational training in the GDR will include the
granting of 50 scholarships for the training of skilled workers and
instructors. In addition, the annex to the protocol calls for the continued
employment of young Mozambicans in enterprises and industrial combines in the
GDR. About 5,000 are currently employed there, and provision is made for
accepting 2,000 more in the near future.

15



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MALI

PRESIDENT DISCUSSES SOMIEX PROBLEMS
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 11-12 Oct 86 p 2

[Article by Mohamed Soudha Yattara: "The Monopoly is Reestablished with All
its Advantages but Also All its Restrictions"]

[Text] "If emergency solutions are not found for SOMIEX, it will have to
close shop. It is neither in the interest of the people nor of the workers to
allow this import and export company to disappear." That was the comment of
the head of state, General Moussa Traore, when he met on Thursday 2 October
with SOMIEX [Malian Import-Export Company] officials at the Palace of Culture.

The party's secretary general, who was accompanied on this occasion by Prime
Minister Mamadou Dembele, BEC Secretary for Economic and Social Affairs Oumar
Coulibaly, and Minister of State Companies and Businesses Mahamadou Wague,
first reminded his audience that the authorities were asked at the conclusion
of the fourth ordinary congress of the National Council to open a discussion
concerning economic questions affecting the country. "My presence among you is
to be explained," the head of state commented, "by the seriousness of SOMIEX's
problems."

According to Minister of State Companies and Businesses Mahamadou Wague, there
has been a slowdown in sales, excessive debt, and a lack of working capital.
Yet SOMIEX was once a state sector showpiece, because in 1972 its turnover was
equal to the income recorded for the state budget. It is true that the company
had earlier received new blood.

After this period of prosperity lean times unfortunately followed, beginning
in 1978. After that there was a period of decline, to such a degree that
SOMIEX made a massive layoff of 939 workers.

But this decision does not seem to have solved anything more than did the
government's decision to erase SOMIEX's debt before Mali's entry to the UMOA.
In the light of the debates that have arisen concerning this company, one
gains the impression that SOMIEX resembles a beehive in which not everyone
contributes to making the honey but everyone freely helps himself. Such a
procedure can only result in problems, because even if it is quite full, the
hive will eventually be emptied one day.

10


Black Sash Launches Campaign for Children's Release
(SAPA, 14 Nov 86) cescceceeeecsoveccvececcesesoevcocceecce

Education Report Recommends Higher Standards
(SAPA, 14 Nov 86) ccececeecsosececcevceevcosccsccsscvesees

Teachers Group Outlines Practical Aspects of Integration
(SAPA, 25 Nov 86) cccccccceccccsccececccecercccsessse soo

UWC Rector-Elect Speaks on Talks With ANC
(SAPA, 21 Nov 86) seccccsssocceeeeercessseccscecssseeoeoro

PFP Votes To Continue Dialogue With ANC
(SAPA, 21 Nov 86) ceccoeccceeccevcccvcccecccsesvsssceesoes

Indaba Encountering Problems in Chamber Composition
(SAPA, 25 Nov 86) cesccccccecccecccccccrcescescesoessesoo00

Rajbansi Says Revolutionaries Will Not Succeed
(SAPA, 23 Nov 86) occccveccccceeecceccceescossccessoeseres

NPP Reaffirms Commitment Role in Parliament
(SAPA, 23 Nov 86) cevecessscevccceccecccecssscscecccsccces

PFP's Carlisle Comments on Withdrawal From Council
(SAPA, 25 Nov 86) seescoessccesvcccceecceccesevevceceseeos

Political Turmoil on Witwatersrand University Reported
(Luke Zeeman; THE SUNDAY STAR, 2 Nov 86) ose

Briefs
Indian Leader Praises Tricameral System
Support for Integrated Schools
Support for Natal-Kwazulu Indaba
Saudi Muslims Slam NGK Stand

ECONOMIC

Minister Says Foreign Investment Continuing
(THE CITIZEN, 31 Oct 86) sesceseccccccccecccecesssescceeeo

Two Ministers Praise Foreign Companies’ Commitment
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 5 Nov 86) cssssceceeoeoeeee

British Petroleum Finances Plan To End Apartheid
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 16 Nov 86) soseseceovcccccccsvececcecces

Canadian Business Group Criticizes Disinvestment
(SAPA, 24 Nov 86) secececcsvccccvcccecccesrscecesvscsccess

87

88

90

91

93

96

97

98

99

101

103

103

103

103

104

105

106

108



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRITISH PETROLEUM FINANCES PLAN TO END APARTHEID
MB160957 Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 16 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] BP [British Petroleum] Southern Africa--the largest single British
investor in this country--has called for the complete abolition of apartheid
and provided a breakthrough R100-million plan to speed it on its way.

It becomes the first multinational to put its money where its mouth is by
suggesting how to build a new South Africa through concrete assistance: Its
know-how, organisational skills, research facilities and cash.

BPSA and other unnamed institutions and business organisations will handle and
finance the projects collectively.

The initiative stands in direct contradiction to the efforts of countries and
organisations which hope to pressure the government into change through sanc-
tions, disinvestment and other financial and political penalties.

The organisation has come up with two specific plans which it believes will
set precedents and point the way forward for similar examples in various parts
of the country:

State schools which want to admit pupils of all races will be provided with
bridging finance of up to R50 million to make up for the government subsidies
they will lose when they go private.

District Six, the mixed Cape Town suburb which became, paradoxically, a per-
manent legacy of apartheid when it was razed in terms of the Group Areas Act,
should be rebuilt as the first open residential area.

BPSA is prepared to set up a non-profit corporation in cooperation with other
parties to make it happen--and it believes a new District Six will become a
symbol of hope. Another R50 million will go to development costs.

The first project has already been put to the government and on the evidence
of recent ministerial statements there is every possibility it will receive
sympathetic official reaction.

The second initiative needs government approval, but President Botha has al-

ready opened the door to the creation of mixed residential areas under certain
circumstances.

106



As educational complaints were investigated and justified steps taken to
correct them, the complaints became more political and militant in nature, and
intimidation increased greatly, according to the Department.

Dr Gerrit Viljoen, minister of education and development aid, said in his
policy statement on black education that "the political arena has not been
entirely separated from education," and that "progress in the area of
political reform is directly connected with lasting progress in educational
reform."

"The depoliticization of education must occur through satisfying reasonable
political strivings of black people in South Africa. It is also necessary to
negotiate so as to bring about the implementation of the principle that each
community has the right to participate in political decisions concerning its
interests and future."

However, order is necessary for progress and political reform, and thus also
in order to achieve equal education, he said. That is why schools cannot be
allowed to be used as political meeting places for radical students.

Despite progress, many critics say it remains an open question whether
separate can ever be equal. They make comparisons among different departments
and among per capita spending and facilities for various racial groups,
without taking into account historical problems and progress achieved.

The equal opportunities that are promised must be seen against the background
of great problems and great need for improvement. The problems the Department
has to struggle with include: large numbers; high failure rates; too few,
uncertified, and poorly paid teachers; the lack of adequate career-oriented
education; and the fact that black education is not compulsary, whereas
education is for whites, Indians, and coloreds.

Among the most important problems that demand a solution are the following:

~-The number of black students in South Africa--75 percent of the total--has
increased from 800,000 (8 percent of the black population) in 1953 to 6.2
million (24 percent of the black population) this year. The number of black
students increases by 250,000 every year, which means that some 300 large
schools must be built each year and at least 8,000 teachers trained.

In the 10 years up to 1984 the number of black secondary students in South
Africa increased by more than 5 times, from 147,000 to 753,000. The number of
full-time Matrics increased by 727 percent in the 8 years up to 1985, to
91,000. This year 106,000 full-time Matrics--15,000 more than last year-~
registered for the final examination. In addition, 130 private school
students will take the examination.

~-More than 50 percent of all black teachers are involved each year in some

kind of in-service training. Some 94.6 percent of teachers are either not
certified or not adequately trained. Although 82 percent have a professional

65



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

ZIMBABWE BUSINESSMEN MEET WITH COUNTERPARTS IN MAPUTO
MB250558 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 25 Nov 86

[Text] Mozambican and Zimbabwean businessmen held a meeting in Maputo
yesterday to exchange views on possibilities of participation by the two
enterprises [as heard] along the Beira corridor. The representatives of
the two consortia, from Mozambique's southern region and Zimbabwe's Beira
Corridor group, discussed—among other things--participation possibilities
by the two enterprises in Beira city in the fields of hotel management and
the establishment of a retail trade network. They also discussed a number
of issues concerning banking. The Zimbabwean businessmen promised to
present a proposal concerning the development of a number of agricultural
projects in Manica Province.

The two parties are scheduled to meet again in January in order to analyze
more closely the fields of maritime and railroad transport as well as cargo
handling in Beira port.

The two consortia recognized the need for establishing an enterprise that
will provide technical, economic, and legal backing for the creation of
joint enterprises that will operate along the Beira corridor.

Besides this meeting, the Mozambican and Zimbabwean businessmen also held
talks with Mozambican Government officials yesterday.

/8309
CSO: 3400/467

20



touch with the mother superior of her order, Mother Lucinda Antunes, who lives
in Fatima, and convey Sister Regina's very affectionate greetings."

Incidentally, Jamba has a Protestant church and a Catholic church. The
Catholic church is served by four priests.

Besides what was mentioned above about the media, we should mention that a
press agency is operating in Jamba, It is the Kwacha UNITA Press, and it is
headed by Major Toni Costa Fernandes. It receives news from the principal
international agencies, and the only reason it does not yet transmit news by
telex through normal channels is that the technical problems involved have not
yet been solved.

During the 2 weeks that the head of Nova Nordica was in Angola, 20 journalists
from all over the world visited Jamba to write articles. Specifically, their
number included reporters from PARIS-MATCH, LE POINT, Time-Life, and others.

With the conclusion of the UNITA congress--reported elsewhere in today's
edition--the visit was over, and it was time to return home, but not without
fond remembrances of the moments experienced and the friendships created.

“We returned to the airport riding once again in trucks over "Savimbi's
roads.' We endured the dust and also had the thrill of seeing a herd of
elephants resting in the shade of the leafy trees. We spent the night at the
Boa Esperanca Base, a place near the airport, where we were welcomed with the
hospitality to which we had become accustomed. Then the plane took us to
Pretoria, where they put us up at a magnificent hotel. We saw with amazement
that the hotel had guests of all races--not only whites, but also Orientals
and blacks. That was the final surprise on this our first visit to Africa,
which won us over and aroused in us a desire to return."

11798
CSO: 3442/29


According to personnel of the State Secretariat of Fisheries who work there,
the possibility of infiltration along the southern side of the lake by bandits
is remote, and it would be highly dangerous.

One worker commented: "This is a deadend."

It is about 200 kilometers from the city of Tete to the lake region by asphalt
road.

Signs of the drought that has hit the province are obvious in the landscape,
which is dominated by small valleys with sandy beds that once formed the local
network of tributaries feeding the lake on the Zambezi River.

The dry grass and desert shrubs lend charm to the legendary pastoral vocation
of the region, where the livestock consists predominantly of family-owned
goats, flocks of which graze there and swarm all along the road disturbing
traffic.

“There are no bandits here. The only inconvenience the motorist has to put up
with is the goats, which cross the road without warning," commented one of the
passengers in the car.

"They are sold very cheap--from 1,500 to 2,000 meticals per goat. In Maputo a
goat costs as much as 15,000 meticals," added another passenger.

The local manager of the Enterprise for the Marketing of Fishery Products
(PESCOM), Jose Castigo, revealed that over 1,000 settled fishermen, five fish
marketing stations, and an equal number of mobile stations were to be found
along the lake.

Only dried fish are sold, since PESCOM does not have a cold-storage boat for
collecting fresh fish.

Jose Castigo also admitted that the local inhabitants have been selling a
large quantity of fish in Zimbabwe and Zambia in exchange for family consumer
goods.

He added that the most necessary products for packing and marketing fish are
salt and cornmeal.

The manager argued that in that province, PESCOM "should be authorized to
export lake fish to Zimbabwe and import scarce products into Mozambique for
trading with the fishermen."

He said: "The fishermen travel long distances to take their fish to the
frontier. If PESCOM were authorized to export fish, fishing activity in the
lake would improve considerably."

For his part, the manager of the Chicoa Combine, Abrao Pira Bau, maintained

that “we have still not found the ideal source for supplying the fishermen,
but around us there are countries with an extreme shortage of fish." He added

25



Mr Rowan Haarhof, the PFP's northern Transvaal regional chairman who seconded
the motion, said that the ANC enjoyed "significant credibility among millions
of South Africans," whether this was liked or not.

The ANC was therefore a significant factor and the PFP would be "failing its
own policy" if it did not talk to and listen to this organisation as well as
others.

Moving his amendment, Mr Van Rensburg called on the party leadership to
"vigorously pursue meaningful dialogue with all significant political groups
in South Africa and at the same time dissociate the PFP from any strategy
or method applied by organisations which involve the use of violence."

Mr Van Rensburg was loudly hissed by a number of delegates as he read out his
amendment, and Mrs Suzman was applauded when her point of order was accepted
by Mr Gastrow.

Mr Van Rensburg continued speaking, saying he accepted the chairman's ruling
but did not agree with it.

He said he had no argument with the sentiments in the original resolution and
that he in fact agreed with it.

His amendment was to give it another interpretation and not to replace or
change it.

He was called to order a second time after the chairman accepted another
point of order from Mrs Helen Suzman.

Mr Van Rensburg said the resolution as it stood gave the impression the PFP
was "giving preference to one political organisation (the ANC)."

The PFP should vigorously pursue dialogue with all organisations outside
parliament, be seen to be open-minded and fair and not in favour of any
particular one.

There were many organisations in South Africa, of which some were moderate
and some less so.

“One of the unfortunate consequences of openly preferring one of them, would
be to undermine the more moderate organisations."

Mr Van Rensburg said he feared the impression the resolution would give to
the rest of South Africa.

Mr Van Rensburg was hissed by delegates a number of times during his address
but received a round of applause when he finished.

A second amendment was then moved by a Mr Paul Malherbe, who called upon the
party leadership to continue initiatives like the contact with the ANC "with
the express purpose of developing alliances committed to bringing about a
change of government."

94



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH LAUNCHES CAMPAIGN FOR CHILDREN'S RELEASE
MB141102 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1000 GMT 14 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 14, SAPA~-The Black Sash vowed to have released by
Christmas thousands of children detained under the emergency regulations
when they launched a "Free the Children" campaign in Johannesburg last night.

"Tf we don't succeed by then we won't stop trying. Children belong at home,
not in jail," Black Sash regional president Mrs Ethel Walt said at the launch.

Mrs Audrey Coleman of the Detainees Parents Support Committee [DPSC] said
eight children were held under the Internal Security Act in 1982.

"In 1984 there were nine held under the provisions. During the last state of
emergency in 1985, 2,016 were detained and it is estimated 8,000 children have
been held since the present state of emergency begun on June 12."

A spokeswoman for the Black Sash said the number of children in detention
at the moment was not known.

A clinical psychologist warned that a generation of children suffering serious
psychological trauma as a result of detention was emerging.

"Tt is well known that battered children often become abusing parents. There
is a strong possibility that the problems of the psychologically battered ex-
child detainee will face our nation in the future."

A spokeswoman at the Black Sash said the organisation could not disclose the
strategy for having the children released as the campaign was in a formative
stage.

Organisations supporting the campaign include the Union of Jewish Women,
Women for Peace, the DPSC, the United Democratic Front, Child Welfare, Lawyers
for Human Rights, Concerned Social Workers, the Committee of Concern for
Children among other organisations, as well as a wide range of educational,
legal and religious groups.

/8309
CSO: 3400/462

87



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

MPLA MASS BURIALS--Free Land of Angola [dateline as received]--The rising
death toll of the Luanda Government troops fighting UNITA forces in Kuando-
Kubango Province could be the maincause of recent wide-spread desertions,
civilians who escaped from Menongue asserted Saturday. In an interview, 1

of the escapers, a 56-year-old Mr Alberto Lopes Mutunda, along with 16 fellows
of Liahuka village, alleged that the highlight of the latest military offen-
sive launched by Luanda troops, trucks loaded with dead soldiers, arrived at
Menongue mortuary covered by tree branches and blood streaming from dead bodies.
He said that there were daily massive burials and a caterpillar had to dig open
pits where the bodies were dumped. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in English to
Southern and Central Africa 0600 GMT 17 Nov 86 MB] /12232

DELEGATION VISITS YUGOSLAVIA--An Angolan party delegation left 16 November

for Belgrade, in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, on a working
visit expected to last several days. Louis Dokui Paulo de Castro, candidate
member of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, heads this delegation, which
will analyze some aspects of Angola-Yugoslavia interparty relations. This dele-
gation will pursue, among other things, the interparty cooperation accord be-
tween the MPLA-Labor Party and the League of Communists of Yugoslavia. [Text]
[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 18 Nov 86 MB] /12232

FAPLA KILLS SEVEN, CAPTURES ONE--A further seven UNITA bandits have been killed
in the (Quelva) municipality as they attempted to carry out yet another
Machiavellian action in that area of the 9th Military Region. The territorial
forces battalion stationed in the area captured one UNITA member and a
considerable amount of arms and ammunition. This clearly shows the determina-
tion of the Angolan people in their fight against the renegade bandits. [Text]
[Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 21 Nov 86] /8309

BULGARIAN LABOR DELEGATION VISITS--A delegation from the People's Republic of
Bulgaria, which has been visiting Angola at the invitation of the secretariat

of state for social affairs, was received today by Cordeiro Ernesto Kassundomba,
secretary of the National Union of Workers of Angola. This morning the
delegation, which is headed by (Georgi Dimitrov), vice chairman of Bulgaria's
labor and social affairs committee, was scheduled to tour the [words indistinct]
home, an institution run by the Department of Social Welfare. At about

1500 this afternoon (Georgi Dimitrov) will meet with Ferreira Neto, Angolan
minister of health, and at 1600 he will lay a wreath at the tomb of

Agastinho Neto, the immortal leader of the Angolan revolution, At the Department



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP VOTES TO CONTINUE DIALOGUE WITH ANC
MB211826 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1824 GMT 21 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 21, SAPA--The Progressive Federal Party today re-
solved by majority vote at its congress to continue dialogue with the banned
African National Congress and other extra-parliamentary organisations.

The resolution was only passed after a substantially different amendment
omitting specific mention of the ANC and moved by Mr Horace van Rensburg, MP for

Bryanston, was ruled out of order, by the chairman, Mr Peter Gastrow, MP for
Durban Central.

He accepted a point of order raised by Mrs Helen Suzman, MP for Houghton,

that Mr Van Rensburg's amendment was in fact a substantive replacement resolu-
tion which could be considered separately but could not be deliberated on by
the congress because it was submitted too late.

A second amendment calling on the PFP to continue its initiative with the ANC
and other groups with the purpose of developing alliances committed to bringing
about a change of government was rejected by congress.

Votes by delegates for and against this motion had to be counted after an initial
show of hands did not make a majority rejection clear.

The original motion, moved by Mr Douglas Gibson, Transvaal leader of the PFP,
firstly congratulated the party leadership for initiating contacts and
discussions with the ANC.

Secondly, it urged the leadership to “continue with such initiatives and to do

the same in respect of other extra-parliamentary organisations and leadership
figures."

Motivating, Mr Gibson emphasised the importance of opening up lines of
communication with the extra-parliamentary groups to help solve the problems
in South Africa, and said no pre~conditions should be set, as the National
Party government had done, which were impossible to meet.

The fact that the PFP talked to the ANC did not mean it supported it.

"We believe the PFP has a superior policy to ANC and we reject their policy
of violence," Mr Gibson said.



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NPP REAFFIRMS COMMITMENT ROLE IN PARLIAMENT
MB231851 Jonannesburg SAPA in English 1846 GMT 23 Nov 86

{Text] Durban, Nov 23, SAPA--The National People's Party [NPP] took several
swipes at the government at its Natal congress in Durban today but reaffirmed
its commitment to working for change within the tricameral parliament.

Mr Amichand Rajbansi, NPP leader and chief minister in the House of Delegates,
told the congress the NPP was part of the overall black struggle against
apartheid and the tricameral system was an extension of that struggle.

Mr Rajbansi said the system would lose respectability if the President's
Council (PC) continued to ignore the wishes of the majority of parliament.

Asked if the NPP would take action if this happened again. Mr Rajbansi said
he did not make threats, but felt very strongly about the matter.

Referring to one of the congress resolutions calling for the immediate repeal
of the Group Areas Act, Mr Rajbansi said the decision must be taken nationally
and not delegated to local authorities because some municipalities were liberal
but others would retain provisions of the act.

Mr S. Pachai, NPP chairman, said the NPP had influenced legislation through
the parliamentary standing committees.

“We are not sitting in parliament like dummies and doing the dirty work of
the Nats," he said.

Mr P.I. Devan, NPP Natal chairman, said real power was still in the hands of
the National Party.

He said that on four occasions when the House of Delegates rejected legisla-
tion, the House of Assembly turned to the PC, which had a "built-in," NP
majority, and the bills became law.

“When it comes to real reform the PC blocks it.

"There is an artificial majority in the PC comprising of nominated members
of the government. To enjoy credibility, at least two-thirds of the members
of the PC should be elected," he said.

/8309
CsO: 3400/462
98


BLACK-WHITE WAGE GAP SAID LESSENING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 4 Nov 86 p 23

[Text]

THE Black-White wage
gap is still large but de-
clining at a growing rate.
Although this is in line
with national policy, it
could have a detrimental
impact on Black interests
if “certain conditions are
ignored. . .”

This caveat emerges in
the latest “Financial Per-
spective” of the Depart-

ment of Finance, just re-'

leased.

The report notes that
average wages for all
groups of the population
rose by some 12 percent’a
year during the late 1970s
and by about 18 percent
year thereafter. _

“If the average annual
wages of the population
groups are expressed as a
percentage of the average
annual wage of the
Whites. (which have the
highest average wage),
the income differential in
terms of this comparative
base is still large but de-
clining,” says the report.

“When comparing wag-
es and incomes it must be
remembered that the
quality of labour is not
homogeneous. Having
moved from the tradition-

al subsistence economy
into a modern industrial
economy at a fairly recent
stage, Blacks generally
have not yet attained the
levels of training and ex-
perience that would qual-
ify them to fill managerial
and other highly ‘skilled
posts. They predominate
in the semi-skilled and
unskilled categories of
work, and this position is
reflected in the unequal
levels of average wages
shown (in the tables in the
report).

“It is the aim of South
African Government
policy to reduce the in-
come differential between
the various population
groups.

“The raising of the in-
come of Black labour is,
however, related to cer-
tain marginal conditions.

“If these conditions are
ignored, the raising of
Black income will actually
have a detrimental effect
on the interests of the
Blacks.” — Sapa.

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

/12828
CSO: 3400/445

114



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

HNP CONGRESS REJECTS WHITE FINANCING OF BLACK EDUCATION
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 15 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] The HNP congress took a strong position against the gigantic amount of
white tax money that is being spent on Black education.

A motion by the executive committee to the effect that the black community
must itself bear the responsibility for its education was unanimously adopted
by the congress.

Mr Meinhard Peters, who introduced the motion on black education, referred to
the major role played by black students in the disturbances. Black students
who first came forward during the 1976 disturbances have now become the cadre
for the revolutionary forces in South Africa.

The budget of the Department of Education and Training grew by a factor of 26
between 1972 and 1983, Mr Peters said. In 1972, the budget for the department
was 27 million rands. This rose to 704 million rands in 1983. This figure
does not include funding spent by the governments of the national states on
education.

The amount spent on black education is growing at an annual rate of between 30
and 40 percent, Mr Peters said. In the 1981-82 budget, the increase was as
high as 51 percent. In contrast, the budgets of other departments are
increasing by 15 to 17 percent.

A large part of this money is being spent on new schools for blacks. In the
period from April 1979 to March 1982, 7,500 new classrooms were built. This
meant 232 new schools in just 3 years. For every white child at school, there
are five Black children attending school.

Mr Peters said that the financing of black education is coming entirely out of
the pocket of the white taxpayer.

12271
cso: 3401/30

61



Tomorrow: Education creates prospects for the future. An attempt is being
made to ensure employment and to meet the labor needs of the country through
career-oriented education.

[Box]
Important developments in black education in the past 10 years include:

--A 10-year plan to improve black education was announced this year. No
further details have been made public yet, but it is based on an annual 4.1
percent increase in the total education budget. In allocating money,
preference will be given to departments where there is the greatest need for
improvement. ‘The budget is expected to increase from R6.082 billion this year
to R1LO billion in 1996. The largest part of this money will go to improve
teacher education, to improve the student-teacher ratio, to accomodate the
increased numbers of students, and to improve effectiveness.

=-The establishment of a Department of National Education, which exercises
control over policy, salaries, standards, examinations, conditions of service,
and certification. All education departments in South Africa and in the
independent homelands have a voice in the national department.

—The minister of education and development aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, distanced
himself from Dr Hendrik Verwoerd's "limited interpretation" of the function of
black education.

--Dr Viljoen said that a black minister of education will be appointed as soon
as possible.

[Box]

Black Teachers (RSA) 1985

Certified

With Matric plus Degree or higher 2,165 2.1%
With Matric plus 3 years 3,808 3.83
With Matric plus 2 years 28,340 28.2%
Without Matric 44,331 44.1%
Not Certified

With Matric plus Degree, etc. 9,804 9.8%
Without Matric 12,026 12.0%
Total 100,477

12593

CSO: 3401/32

67



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

MALI

NOMAD SETTLEMENT PROGRAM DETAILED
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 7 Oct 86 p 6

[Interview with Tombouctou Deputy Mohamedou Ag Assadeck, by A. Albadia: "Belle
Sao: A New Life for the Nomads"; date and place not specified]

[Text] The long drought and its tragic effects (famine, desertification) have
upset the centuries-old way of life of the people in many areas in our coun-
try. In the north, the nomads who practiced transhumant herding have under-
taken to settle down with the help of the political and administrative author-
ities.

Our correspondent in Tombouctou, Assoura Albadio, met with the mysterious
eity's deputy, Mohamedou Ag Assadeck. The latter spoke with him concerning the
operation to settle the Kel Tinaguelhej, a group from which he himself had
come: "My group, like the majority of nomads, owned animals and practiced
stockraising and transhumance. As a result of the drought, we lost nearly all
our livestock. That was why the people expressed the desire to settle down and
work the soil.

Belle Sao located in the Niger valley 30 km east of Tombouctou was not chosen
by chance. Each group has its own nomadic circuit and it is there that the Kel
Tinaguelhej have always spent the hottest months of the year (April, May, and
June).

In August 1985, following a decision by the Bourem Inaly administrative au-
thorities granting us this plain for farming, the first families settled in
Belle Sao.

[Question] What was the reaction of the nomads to this settlement?

[Answer] After they were settled there, the people developed 15 hectares for
rice growing by irrigation and 2 hectares of market garden during the 1985-
1986 season. They did all the work of preparation themselves and purchased the
fuel for the operation of a motor-driven pump lent by the governor of Tombouc-
tou for the season. Again in the context of their settlement, this year they
have developed 20 additional hectares, thus increasing to 35 hectares the area
on which they are farming rice.

12



The strongest point in favour of the ANC's policy of violence was that it
had only resorted to this after all peaceful avenues had been closed to it.

If the PFP believed in the peaceful way it was up to it to show the way.

The PFP should persuade the ANC to at least suspend violence until a change
of government could be brought about.

Violence was a proven cause, as had been shown in the cases of Kenya,
Zimbabwe and Mozambique, and efforts should be made to persuade the ANC that
peaceful ways could also succeed.

Mr Malherbe's amendment was voted down and the original resolution was
approved after two delegates voted against it and one abstained.

/8309
CSO: 3400/462

95



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

GDR OFFICIAL DISCUSSES BILATERAL COOPERATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Oct 86 p 8

[Interview with GDR Secretary of State for Vocational Training Bodo Weidemann
by Joaquim Salvador in Maputo on 18 October; first paragraph is NOTICIAS
introduction; boxed material by author as indicated]

[Text] The GDR's secretary of state for vocational training, Bodo Weidemann,
granted an interview moments after the signing in our country's capital of a
protocol on cooperation between the two countries in that area and in the area
of manpower. The interview, which was granted last Saturday, constitutes a
compilation of pertinent questions regarding bilateral cooperation, and we are
therefore publishing it below.

Question: What are the prospects for this protocol on vocational training,
and what areas and levels will be affected?

Answer: In the first place, 50 young people are going to be trained as
skilled workers in such branches as civil construction and the related
administrative areas-~as accountants and office employees-—in keeping with the
wishes expressed by the People's Republic of Mozambique [RPM]. They will also
be trained in metallurgy, especially as metalworking mechanics, so that they
can repair machinery and thus participate in national reconstruction. I feel
that accountants and office employees are also very necessary so that they can
draw up balance sheets and effectively manage the enterprises where they will
work once their training is over. The best of those 50 scholarship holders
will continue their studies so as to become management cadres or teachers.
Your country needs vocational instructors capable of working out a suitable
system for training young people and adults.

Question: The annex to the protocol signed last Saturday deals with matters
related to manpower. What specific plans does the GDR have in that area?

Answer: We are going to increase the number of Mozambican workers in the GDR.
About 7,000 will be working with us in 1987, and that means an increase of
2,000 over the current number. They will work in different sectors of the
national economy after first receiving vocational training, and then, after
their return here, they will be skilled workers. We will devote special

17



JPRS~SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

DAM TO BE READY FOR WINTER CROP--The $20 million Mazvikwadei dam, near
Banket, will be completed before winter-cropping season, and farmers will be
asked to stop using water from the Darwendale dam for irrigation, the Minister
of Energy, Water Resources and Development, Cde Kumbirai Kangai, said in
Harare yesterday. He said that the Darwendale dam waters would be reserved
for Harare residents using the tunnel to Lake McIlwaine, the city's main
water supply. The Mazvikwadei dam in Mashonaland West province is being
built with a soft-loan from the Italian government and would have enough
water for irrigation. Other dams being built included the Bangazani dam in
Chipinge which would be completed within the next six months, the Clifton
storage dam in Chegutu, the Rufaro dam in Marondera and Mangwe dam near
Plumtree. [Text][Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Nov 86 p 5]/12828

DROUGHT RELIEF~-More than 8000 people in Mazvihwa communal lands, Zvishavane,
have started receiving dorught-relief food aid under the public works pro-
gramme launched this month. A total of 600 bags of maize and 230 bags of
beans have already been distributed to 8307 families engaged in development
activities. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Nov 86 p 1] /12828

SWEDEN GIVES CHANCE TO ZIMALLOYS--Zimbabwe Alloys could increase its market
share in Europe as a result of a restructuring programme being carried out
in Sweden, one of the leading producers of ferrochrome. Alternative sources
are now being sought because Sweden has imposed restrictions on all forms of
trade with South Africa, and Zimalloys stands a chance of increasing its
exports. In a restructuring exercise, to be carried out this month, Fer-
rolegeringar AB, a company in Trollhattanx, Sweden, will close down its
production plant of ferrochrome. It had an annual output of 30000 tonnes.
According to the general manager, Mr Nils Gunnar Lindeberg, this will "open
the chances for Zimalloys in Gweru to increase its market share in Europe."
Another company, Swedechromes is now looking at the possibility of buying
Zimbabwean chrome ore, because the traditional supplier, Finland, has
recently decreased its exports to Sweden. "Yes, we are very interested and
are looking into the possibility of acquiring ore fines from Zimbabwe,"

said the general manager of Swedechromes, Mr Goran Wahlberg. "Zimbabwe is
one of the few viable alternatives for us as the government in Sweden is now
restricting all trade with South Africa," he added. [Text][Harare THE
FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p 2]/12828

CSO: 3400/454

46



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UWC RECTOR-ELECT SPEAKS ON TALKS WITH ANC
MB211849 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1833 GMT 21 Nov 86

[Text] Cape Town, Nov 21, SAPA--There was a need to re~introduce the African
National Congress into the legitimate political process in South Africa and in
that way reconstruct civilised society in this country, Prof Jakes Gerwel,

the rector-elect of the University of the Western Cape [UWC] said today.

Addressing the Cape Town Press Club, he said the people of South Africa were
searching for a new centre as the government's hold on civil order had lost
legitimacy, and the country was falling apart.

Professor Gerwel was one of a group of academics from the UWC and University
of Cape Town [UCT] who went to Lusaka earlier this year to meet ANC
educationists.

His talk to the press club today hinged around his impressions after those talks.

"The centre in this country has come loose. People are searching for a new
centre ... a new social order."

The ANC men he met, which included many of the executive, and Mr Alfred Nzo
who was Mr Oliver Tambo's number two, were "truly patriotic" people "driven
by ideals" and were "aggressively non-racial in approach and conviction,"
Professor Gerwel said.

The education people he met were "not prescriptive" and were interested in
discussing education techniques.

"They were anxious to hear our views."
Their discussions were not in the rhetoric of politics but it was clear that
the political processes of change in South Africa took up every moment of

their lives.

They were open to advice and perceptions other than their own, he said, and
recognised the importance of universities in the society they planned.

91



JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

GM REPORTEDLY TO OPEN PLANT IN HARARE
MB150925 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0700 GMT 14 Nov 86

[Text] The world's largest vehicle manufacturer, General Motors, is re-
ported to be setting up a plant in Harare. The giant American company
recently decided to pull out of South Africa. Here is Howard Barrell:

[Barrell] A report today in Zimbabwe quotes the head of General Motors
African operations, (William Mott), as saying the company is considering
setting up a vehicle assembly plant in Zimbabwe. (Mott) is quoted as say-
ing Zimbabwe is a great market and a great country. In the view of obser-
vers, Zimbabwe is the economic and industrial hub of the region's two main
economic groupings the SADCC and the Preferential Trade Area. But, Zimbabwe
does suffer from a shortage of foreign currency, and this could affect its
ability to import car kits for local assembly. But Mott indicated there
could be a way around this. GM wanted to buy Zimbabwean chrome, and this
could mean a barter deal whereby Zimbabwe provided GM with chrome in ex-
change for car kits. The idea is, however, far from being finalized.

/12232
cso: 3400/451

29



For this purpose they obtained two motor-driven 20-horsepower pumps. The
first was offered by the minister of territorial administration and grass-
roots development at the end of the 1985-1986 season by way of encouragement.
The second was acquired thanks to a loan repayable in 4 years to the BNDA. It
should be noted that their operating costs are fully covered by the group. The
people have just completed building a shop and a settlement office.

The Belle Sao administrative committee is responsible for the execution and
follow-up of all the operations in this settlement project. In the very near
future, certainly this month, the people will open their literacy center. The
creation of the Ton is planned for the end of 1986.

As you may know, this settlement process began only a year ago, and that is
not much time to establish all the organization necessary, but with determina-
tion, the people have decided to do everything to achieve their objective.

9824
CSO: 3419/18

13



In regard to the KP's policy of an Indian homeland, the parties hope to
find a formulation within which both parties’ positions can be accommodated.

Mr Marais said that the dialogue between the two parties on matters of
policy will be continued. Final formulations on policy matters have yet to
be settled upon. Both parties will, however, have to proceed to negotiations
regarding a distribution of electoral seats if a general election is
announced.

"phe most recent series of discussions definitely led to better relations
between the two parties," Mr Marais declared.

The progress which has been made between the HNP and the KP is bad news
for the NP [National Party]. If a general election is held in the near
future--as is generally expected--an HNP-KP alliance could win as many as
53 seats. Such a result would mean that the rightist alliance would
replace the PFP [Progressive Federal Party] as the official opposition in
parliament.

Two independent analysts for Christian Higher Education, Mr Barney Uys of
the University of Pretoria, and Prof Dirk Laurie of Pootchefstroom
University, both come to the conclusion that a rightist alliance will

take over from the PFP as official opposition. Mr Uys predicts that the
rightists will win 40 seats, with a best possible showing of 53. Prof
Laurie's prediction is 29 and 51 seats, respectively. According to Mr Uys,
the rightists will win 38 seats in Transvaal, 1 in the Orange Free State,
and 1 in the Cape. He predicts that the NP will retain 92 seats.

13238/12858
cso: 3401/15

57



ECONOMIC UPSWING PRECLUDED BY SANCTIONS, INFLATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Nov 86 p 8

[Article by Andrew Thomson]

[Text]

A MODEST upswing
in the economy since
late 1985 could lead to
increased expenditure
on stocks and fixed in-
vestments next year,
but a boom is. pre-
cluded by capital sanc-
tions and inflation.

This was the gist of an
address to businessmen
by Dr R M Gidlow, econ-
omic advisor to thé South
African Reserve Bank, at
an open session of the ex-
ecutive council of the Fe-
derated Chamber of In-
dustries, held at Johan-
nesburg’s Carlton Hotel
yesterday.

Dr Gidlow said the ear-
ly 1980’s were character-
ised by negative external
influences on the South

African economy. These
included the appreciation
of the dollar against the
rand, weak commodity
prices (especially for pre-
cious metals) and sub-
dued economic growth in
the West.

Although the West was
now emerging from reces-
sion and promised an
overall three percent
growth rate next year, the
volume of South African

/12828

CSO: 3400/446

exports was unlikely to be
significantly increased.
Nevertheless, the Re-
public’s short-term econ-
omic prospects had been
enhanced by falling oil
prices and recent sharp
rises in the prices of gold

and platinum.
“These favourable de-
velopments have oc-

curred at a time when the
domestic economy has, in
any case, been showing
tentative signs of im-
provement,” said Dr Gid-
low.

“A modest upswing in
the economy appears to
have been initiated during
the third quarter of 1985,
and during the year which
ended in June 1986 a
growth rate of about one
percent was recorded, as
measured by the real
gross domestic product.”

Dr Gidlow said the
economy was entering
“unchartered waters” as
previous expansionary
phases had been based on
an increase in exports.

Although the value of
exports had risen consid-
erably since late 1984, the
resulting surpluses on the
current account of the
balance of payments were
being largely absorbed by
“outflows” from the capi-
tal account.

110

“In short, the upswing
in the economy is being
inhibited partly by the ef-
fects of trade and, more
especially, capital sanc-
tions.

“This, together with
net emigration (which is
causing a shortage of
skilled labour), means
that the current advance
in the economy is unlikely
to be as vigorous as would
otherwise be the case.”

Dr Gidlow said that
next year “the ready
availability of relatively
cheap bank _credit”
should facilitate stock
purchases, and there were
grounds for anticipating a
stabilisation in the decline

(since 1982) of real gross
fixed investment.

“There may even be
some recovery,” he said.

“Jt should not be con-
strued from these com-
ments that a boom is in
the offing. A boom in
South Africa is normally
associated with, inter alia,
rapid rises in real private
consumer spending.

“The ongoing erosion
in real personal dispos-
able income precludes
any large and sustained
upsurge in consumer
spending.”

JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Dr Gidlow said the rate
of inflation, as measured
by the Consumer Price
Index, steadily acceler-
ated during 1985 and,
after a modest decelera-
tion in the first half of this
year, accelerated again to
average out at 19,7 per-
cent for the year which
ended in September.

Inflation could recede
if the recent appreciation
in the external value of
the rand could be sus-
tained.


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EXPERT PREDICTS CRITICAL SHORTAGE OF KEY PERSONNEL
MB221101 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Nov 86 p 6
[By Glenda Spiro]

[Text] South Africa will experience a critical labour shortage at management
level because of the large number of people fleeing the country.

This is the view of Mr Martin Westcott, managing director of a leading
management consultancy which carries out regular surveys of one million
economically active South Africans.

Mr Westcott estimated that about 3,000 people left the country every month.

Although the figure had not gone up in the last year, he estimated that the
number of people actually emigrating had increased by 25 percent.

“We had the same figure of people leaving last year but then many of those
people were foreign nationals who had worked out their contracts.

"Now the official emigration figure and the number of people who go and live
in another country but do not actually emigrate has increased substantially."

The reason these people settled in other countries without formally emigrating
was because they did not have the money one was allowed to take out, so there

was no point in making it official, he said.

He predicted the long-term result of this brain drain to be a big threat to
industry who would experience a "tremendous shortage of competent people."

“When there is an upswing in the economy a lot of organisations are going to
experience staff shortages they won't be able to overcome easily.”

Official emigration figures from Central Statistics in Pretoria are available
up to August this year.

They show that the end-of-year figures could be double that of last year or
even higher if the trend continues for the second half of this year.

112


/9986

Economic Upswing Precluded by Sanctions, Inflation
(Andrew Thomson; THE CITIZEN, 5 Nov 86) .

Rent Boycott Sparks Boom in Spending
(BUSINESS DAY, 3 Nov 86) .esecescecceseecesoese

Expert Predicts Critical Shortage of Key Personnel
(Glenda Spiro; THE STAR, 22 Nov 86) cceseseoe

Black-White Wage Gap Said Lessening
(THE CITIZEN, 4 Nov 86) ccccvecccceccececccccevcsecececeee

Country's Rate of Inflation Subsiding
(THE CITIZEN, 4 Nov 86) wosseecoseesesoes

Organized Business Criticizes Norweto Plan
(Erik Larsen; THE CITIZEN, 12 Nov 86) ..coessoeessccococes

Favorable Citrus Crop Prospects in Eastern Cape
(Jenny Cullum; WEEKEND POST, 25 Oct 86) .secccesecceesceco

Rand Mines Developing New Khuta Coal Stream
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Nov 86) ..

Briefs
SAFTO Barred From Discussing Sanctions

110

111

112

114

115

116

117

118

119



example, Standards 6 and 7 have been introduced to 407 rural schools," he said.
Dr Vilgoen said, “we mean business with this report... we hope to release it
fully early next year together with a policy document." Education in rural
areas particularly was the door to improvement and a higher standard of living
for black communities.

The investigation covered seven main spheres of rural education. These were
the state of rural education and comparisons with a few selected developed and
developing countries; a demographic analysis of the situation in South African
education; the present spectrum structure and curriculums; teacher education;
school administration, organisation and control, physical accommodation and
equipment; and the financial aspects, laws and regulations.

/12232
csO: 3400/449

89



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

AFRICAN TRAINEES COMPLETE REHABILITATION COURSE
Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] Thirteen participants from 1l African countries yesterday completed
a nine-month training course on management of rehabilitation services at the
Management Training Bureau in Harare.

The diploma course, which started in February this year, is the first of
its kind to be launched by the International Labour Organisation in con-
junction with the Management Training Bureau.

The course aimed at equipping the participants from rehabilitation centres
with knowledge and skills on how to run their centres efficiently, and
touched on rehabilitation management, organisational behaviour, accounts,
production, marketing and safety and health at the work place.

Of the total 13 participants, 12 obtained diplomas and one got a certificate
of attendance.

The participants came from Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi,
Lesotho, Botswana, Swaziland, Simbabwe and Southern African liberation
movements.

Addressing the delegates at the closing ceremony yesterday, the secretary
in the Ministry of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Cde Zuwa
Makoni urged the Government and the people to establish the necessary
training infrastructure to integrate disabled persons into normal life.

"This can only be done through a careful study of their needs, nature of
disability and the proper management of the rehabilitation programmes."

He said according to a survey carried out in 1981, there were over 250000
severely disabled people, in Zimbabwe alone, all with more than 276000 dis-
abilities.

It was therefore necessary to pay more attention to the training of personnel
in the rehabilitation programmes of the disabled people instead of waiting
for assistance from outside Africa.

/12828
CsO: 3400/452

34



JPRS-SSA- 86-123
15 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

INDABA ENCOUNTERING PROBLEMS IN CHAMBER COMPOSITION
MB250755 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0746 GMT 25 Nov 86

[Text] Durban, Nov 25, SAPA--The KwaZulu/Natal Indaba is having difficulty
reaching agreement about the second chamber intended to guarantee group rights
in a possible bi-cameral provincial government system. Indaba sources said
yesterday the KwaZulu government, Inkatha and the three major Afrikaans
delegations, the Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut, [Afrikaans Institute of Trade]
the Durban Afrikaanse Sekekamer [Afrikaans Chamber of Commerce] and the
Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurverenigings [Federation of Afrikaans Cultural
Unions] held unsuccessful discussions last week to try to reach agreement about
the powers of the chamber.

Several proposals for a second chamber have been discussed and rejected and the
latest model, still under discussion, is for 50 seats to be divided equally
among "cultural background" groups. These proposals have met with some
opposition. Delegates appear to be split about the powers that the second
chamber should have over decisions made by the proposed 100-seat first chamber,
which would be elected on a non-racial, one-man-one~vote basis.

At the National People's Party [NPP] Natal congress last weekend, the NPP's
leader, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, expressed opposition to the proposals, saying
they would result in whites effectively outnumbering Indians by two to one in
the chamber.

A special meeting of the Natal region of the People's Congress Party was also
held at the weekend. ‘The party threatened to withdraw from the Indaba if

“the flouting of these principles (of non-racial, democratic and fair government)
make it impossible for us to continue participation in the deliberations."

/8309
cso: 3400/462

96


JPRS-SSA-86-123
15 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

MINISTER OF ENERGY URGES NEW DAM ON ZAMBEZI
Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] Zimbabwe needs another dam on the Zambezi River because the alter-
native, another thermal power station, would be environmentally unsound,

the Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Development, Cde Kumbirai Kangai,
said in Harare yesterday.

He said there had been arguments about the viability and impact of further
dams on the Zambezi River--a river shared by Angola, Zimbabwe, Zambia and
Botswana. The trade-offs of such a venture were difficult to analyse at
this stage, so it was important for all the countries to plan together on
the use of the river.

Cde Kangai, who was closing a regional seminar on the environmentally-sound
management of water, said: "If we do not build another dam on the Zambezi
River to generate more hydro-electric power, we will have to build another
thermal power station with the attendant pollution problems."

It was up to the experts who had attended the two-week course to advise their
governments on questions of conflicting environmental problems and socio-
economic goals.

Cde Kangai noted that the United Nations Development Programme and other
donor countries were helping Zambezi River basin countries to launch a joint
action plan for the environmental management of the river.

Zimbabwe had to pay particular attention to its water supplies because while
it had a mean annual rainfall of above world average, there was considerable
variation and high evaporation loss.

These conditions meant that the country needed a large storage capacity

to balance river flows. There were over 8000 dams in Zimbabwe, of which 150
were large dams with a capacity of more than one million cubic metres. The
country also had between 40000 and 50000 boreholes.

Cde Kangai said these figures meant that water had to be soundly managed

not only to maximise its potential but to guard against environmental
degradation.

37