According to the invitation to the meeting, voting. rights: were limited to those
members who paid membership dues’ for the previous term. After some discussion
it was decided that the 13. new thembers--including: five AV branches--who have
already paid membership dues for the coming term:may also vote.

There were also hitches in designating polling. officers. Mr D. J. (Gannie)
Viljoen, who at. that stage was presiding over the meeting, designated polling
officers, but the meeting decided that it wanted to have a say in the matter.

Mr Alex Danzfuss, Mr Gerrie van Niekerk and Professor Pierre Theron were desig-
nated polling officers for the nomination of anew chairman.. After that, the
meeting decided before each vote who should be the polling. officers.

The chairman was elected by secret ballot. All the others were done by a show
of hands.

Even before the new executive committee was nominated, part of the draft con-
stitution was scrapped, following a proposal by Mr Gannie Viljoen. This sec-
tion provides for the automatic admission of members of the Cultural Council
as members of the FAK.

The feeling was that the FAK should not be obligated in this respect. The
proposal was adopted unanimously.

It was decided that the FAK should be informed of the change in the constitu-
tion.

Criticism

Criticism of the former executive committee was expressed regarding the sup-
posedly weak organization of the Cultural Council in Bloemfontein in March.
Many of the members of the Cultural Council. didnot receive invitations to the
meeting, it was said.

Professor Johann Strauss acknowledged that there were problems. At his request,

Mr Pikkie Louw, who was responsible for organization, clarified the matter. He
offered the excuse that the council had not had a secretary. |

12271
cso: 3401/201

56



YUGOSLAV EMBASSY QUERIES DONATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 May 85 p 13

[Text]

cso:

3400/315

HARARE. — The Yo-
goslav Embassy in Harare
has asked to see where
the Zimbabwe Congress
of Trade Unions is storing
prefabricated _ building
materials worth R253 000
donated to it by Yugoslav
labour movements in
1983.

An embassy spokes-
man said concern about
the material follows the
ZTCU’s failure to build
the college for which it
was intended, for the past
two years.

“We want to see where
and how it is being stored
and find out from the
ZCTU the problem it is
facing which has delayed
the building of the col-
lege.”

He said that when the
ZCTU approached the
Yuguslavs for assistance
about three years ago, the
Yugoslavs had been given
to understand that the
ZCTU had acquired land
for the college and that
foundations had already
been laid. :

“As a result the labour
movements in Yugoslavia
put together some fab-
ficated building material
worth R253 000 and do-
nated it to the ZCTU.
They also offered to sup-
ply three technicians to
help build the college.
Right now we are still
waiting for the ZCTU to

tell us to bring out the ©

technicians,” the spokes-
man said.

120

JPRS-SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE


of 1,003.95 kilograms of a total of 14,830 kilograms or rice was ascertained," ac-
cording to PIC [Criminal Investigation Police] charges.

This deterioration took place during the period between December 1984 :and February
1985, when the rice remained in the port stored in railway cars.

The causes of this deterioration, according to the outcome of the police investiga-
tion, were determined to be poor storage and maintenance of the merchandise, as

well as the fact that it was not shipped.

According to the facts brought out in the preparatory brief, moreover, the losses
resulting from this occurrence are considerable.

8834
CSO: 3442/290

22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

8,000 TONS OF WHEAT FROM RSA--The ZAMBIAN NEWS AGENCY, ZANA, reports
from Lusaka that the Kaunda government has ordered 8,000 tons of wheat
from South Africa to help overcome a serious shortage of bread in the
country over the past weeks. The wheat is expected to arrive in Zambia
next week and to last for about 5 weeks. Zambia does not produce much
wheat because of the climate which does not permit much irrigation.

At the beginning of this month, Zambia asked the South African Transport
Services to transport urgently 10 million liters of diesel fuel to the
country. ‘It made the request after the oil pipeline between Lusaka and
Dar es Salaam in Tanzania had to be closed for technical reasons. [Text]
[Johanessburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 25 May 85]

REGIONAL OIL PROCESSING PLANTS PLANNED--His excellency President Kaurida
has said the party and its government plan to establish oil processing
plants throughout the country that would use local raw materials to
produce essential commodities. Speaking when he arrived ‘in ‘(Fuwe)
yesterday to start a 2-week working holiday, Dr Kaunda said instructions
had been given to the party secretary general, the prime minister, and
secretary of state for defense and security to ensure that each province
has an oil plant. He said such plants should be established throughout
the country at district and ward levels, using local raw materials like
sunflower, soya beans, and groundnuts to produce cooking oil, soap,
candles to help beat the high cost of living among the people. Dr Kaunda
said the three top leaders should ensure that such plants were imported
from any cheaper source, especially China and India, to encourage the
establishment of local industries as a means to reduce the high cost of
living. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 30 May 85]

INCREASED CONTACTS WITH BOTSWANA--His excellency the president,

Dr Kenneth Kaunda, has appealed for increased contacts at grassroot
level between the peoples of Zambia and Botswana. Dr Kaunda said while
he and his counterpart, President Quett Masire, enjoyed very close
contacts, it was equally important that those in the lower levels also
maintained close contacts so as to share their experiences. The
president made these remarks early today when permanent secretary in
the office of President Masire, Festus Mogae, called on him. He told

116



With this rapid continuing development of its new dispensation, the government
demonstrates once again that it is taking the constitutional future of the
Blacks quite seriously, and that it has committed itself wholeheartedly to the
road to reform and is not hesitating to tackle the most difficult problems ener-
getically. In this the government deserves all the possible support that it

can get.

8117
c80: 3401/203



Coloured.”
. Permit

On housing, Mr Baden-
horst said the Group
Areas Act provided that a
permit could be issued to
a person allowing him to
occupy premises in an
area reserved for another
group. But he could not
‘own property in that area.
However, Article 12 of
the Act deemed a person
who married or lived with
somebody of another
group to be a member of
that group — with the ex-
ception of the White
group.

Mr Badenhorst said the
Act was flexible enough
to cope with any prob-
lems in regard to mixed
couples and group areas.
This applied to occupa-
tion of land and the use of
facilities, for which per-
mits could be issued.

He referred to restau-
rants, community facili-
ties, cinemas, theatres,
hospitals, schools and
welfare institutions.

“However, mixed mar-
riages may necessitate
some adaptions of policy
in regard to the use of
some facilities. For ex-
ample, it is not at the mo-
ment policy to grant
exemption permits for

‘open cinemas’.”

regard to education,
Mr Badenhorst said the
children of mixed couples
would have to attend a
school of the race group
to which they were classi-
fied under the Population
Registration Act.

cso: 3400/309

If there were problems
in this regard, permits
could be issued to a child
to attend the school of an-
other group.

Rights

Dealing with voting
rights, Mr Badenhorst
said that the right of a
White, Coloured or In-
dian person to vote in the
new tricameral system for
the relevant House in
Parliament remained in-
tact, in that there were
separate voters’ rolls tor
each house.

The White person
would however, lose his
or her municipal vote.

“If the couple live in a
Coloured residential
area, for example, the
White person would not
qualify to vote for the
Coloured local author-

ry.”
The Group Areas Act
determined that a White
who lived with or who
married a Black,
Coloured, Indian, Chi-
nese or Malay was
“deemed to be of the
same population group as
his or her spouse”.

Section 21 of the Act
provided that a person
could apply for a permit
to own, occupy or use im-
movable property in an-
other group as his or her
spouse.

Section 21 of the Act
provided that a person
could apply for a permit
to own, occupy or use im-
movable property in an-
other group area.

76

“Both the White and
the non-White spouse
would have to apply for a
permit to live in a White
Group Area because on
contracting a mixed mar-
riage the White becomes
disqualified in regard to a
White Group Area.”

Ownership

The “disqualification”
applies to ownership, oc-,
cupation and use of im-
movable property.

Mr Badenhorst said a
mixed couple could then
either live in the group
area of the non-White
spouse, or apply for a per-
mit to live in a White
group area or a group
area to which neither be-
longed.

The Population Regis~
tration Act allowed for a
spouse to apply for re-
classification to the group
of his or her partner. Ori-
gin, appearance and ac-
ceptance were the stan-
dards by which decisions
were made on these appli-
cations.

“In the case of the re-
classification of one of the
partners after a mixed
marriage, the couple and
their children will go
about their activities in
the same way as any non-
mixed marriage.”

Mr Badenhorst said in
summary it was clear that
the continued social, edu-
cational and constitution-
al ordering of society in
terms of group relation-
ships would not be dis-
turbed by the repeal -of

the.Mixed Marriages Act.



_ JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

GHANA

JAPANESE ASSISTANCE INCREASES
London TALKING DRUMS in English 13 May 85 pp 10-11

[Article by Poku Adaa]

[Text] The Japanese Ambassador to Ghana, Mr N. Nakano
has ended a tour of duty in Ghana. Our correspondent
Poku Adaa takes this opportunity to report on the degree
of cooperation between Ghana and Japan.

Ghana and Japan have for many
years maintained very cordial relations
and several areas of cooperation have
flourished between the two countries
since the early sixties. Japanese
assistance used to be chanelled through
the Japanese Overseas Cooperative
Organisation (JOCV) which sent in
teachers, auto mechanics, Judo in-
structors etc. However due to language
barriers and concentration of Japanese
diplomacy in Asia, the cooperation
between Ghana and Japan appeared to
be declining. In recent years however,
Japanese assistance to Africa has
blossomed and expanded and in
particular, her technical and financial
assistance to Ghana has leapt to high
favourable levels.

Japan is synonymous with electronic
wizardry and very ubiquitous in the
home of most urban dwellers in. the
form of video, radio, television sets —
the Sonys, the Hitachis, and so on, In
the Ghanaian public eye and mind, it is
the transfer of technological equip-
ment and electronic gadgets that
engages attention. Specifically, the
rehabilitation work being earmarked
for the post & Telecommunication
Corporation and the Ghana
Broadcasting Corporation. Apart from
these two, several lines of credit have
been opened for a number of public
institutions, which have all benefited
from Japanese diplomatic generosity.
generosity.

12



GOATS FOR EXPORT TO MIDDLE EAST

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 12 May 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

3400/314

ZIMBABWE'S first large-scale export order for

live goats is due for
Easi soon,

After an abortive start
_to the scheme earlier this
year i} is mow expected
that 1200 young goats
and eight tonnes of Boat
meat will be airfreighted
to Dubai in the United
Arab Emirates by the
end of this month or
early in June.

‘Mr Dave Aiair, vice-
chairman of the Sheep
Association,

made by one of two Dubai
importers who had visit-
ed Zimbabwe.

Under the agreement
with Mr Mohd Mardoum,
goats between five and
12 months old will be sup-
plied and the slaughter
$f goats in Zimbabwe for

e meat! would comply.
with the stipulated re-
quirements of Islamic re-

is belief:

change

dous,” said Mr Adair,
Initially, monthly con-

signments of live animals

and meat are envisaged

with more

ed, principally in Zimba-
‘bwe's communal lands,

delivery in the Middle

“The indications are
that Dubai will take as
much as we can Pp! 7
The potenticl for the
wural’ economy is also
enormous, After putting
our efforts into goats, ~e
then hope to start export~
ing sheep to the Middle
East,” said Mr Adair,
who is also director of
Zimbabwean livestock and
sheep production consul-
tancy.

The agreement with
Dubai, where goat rather
than sheep is eaten, lays
down. that only 20 per-
cent of e live goats

white; most
. of the lgnmente will
be of bec Ss Bey red,
grey pi

‘The exports ane to be
airfreighted to Dubai,
landing there at @ cost to
the buyer of about US$70
a head, much of it ab-
sorbed by freight costs.

A network of local buy-
ers ig being established
throughout the country.
They will be appointed
on @ village or area basis
and will receive a com-
mission for uiring
y oats whieh will
be bought for up to about:
$20 a head.

125

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



COMMENTARY ON VIOLENCE OF BLACKS AGAINST BLACKS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 27 May 85 p 7

[Article by Thami Mazwai]

[Text]

When supporters of
political groups attack,
maim and even kill po-
tical rivals as has hap-
pened in the Eastern
Cape and Turfloop

University, then this :

situation demands |
more than a “stop it :

-you fellows”.

* The Bishop Des-
mond Tutu peace mis-
sion, initiated by

Father Lebamang Se- |

bidi, is the first most
important step taken,
and the ball is now in

the.courts of the orga- '

nisations, with or with-
out the hélp of the

clerics, to ensure that .

this peace initiative is
consolidated,

There is no doubt
that sane black South

Africa wants peace — .

it knows how impor-
tant this ‘is. And no
doubt, the leaders of
the organisations
themselves, who
pledged themselves to
work towards this
peace, .are now busy
ensuring that what was
sown did not fall on
rough ground. ~

"But while the peace '

process continues, it is

important to have
another Jook at the sit-
uation, consider the
dangers and implica-
‘tions, and learn from

i.
“= While the leader-

ships of Inkatha,
‘Azapo and the UDF
re aware of the dan-
‘gers, the many foot-
soldiers of these orga-

~inisations are..ignorant

‘of the harm this fight-
ng is doing to the dig-
inity. Of the liberation

Sof the system who have .

{joined the general ‘pe-
hae ‘bomb throwing
knowing tival. grou
will be blamed; mours
y@ action by’. indirect
yagents, of the system
usuch as agent provoca-
“teurs; and .

‘@ fanatics within the
‘organisations getting
out of hand.

s Already petrol
{bombs are” flying “in
Imany parts of the
jcountry: They also fly

71

lin areas where there,
rare no rivalries, and
‘only one organisation
exists. It needs no bril-
liant analysis to guess

‘who the petrol bomb ;

j throwers are.

| Secondly, that agent
iprovocateurs are NOW
‘abound is beyond dis-
‘pute. How does one
cexplain a situation in
‘which thousands at a
service accept the
peace package and
hardly does the
icheering die down
iwhen officials of one
igroup are attacked.

* The UDF and
‘Azapo to a lesser ex-
tent, must seriously
address themselves to
the fact that agent pro-
vocateurs have infil-

‘trated their organisa-
: tions and are manipu-

lating the situation to
suit their evil ends.

Agent provocateurs
are people hired by a
system to provoke con-
frontation.

The third danger in
the situation are the fa-
natics, the hardliners
who simply adopt the
attitude: “If you are
not with me, you are

JPRS-SSA~85~052

24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

against me”. These fa-
natics are easily mani-
pulated by agent pro-
vocateurs and mischie-
vous elements. They
are thus a danger.

The above three are
the immediate dangers
in the situation, but;
there are more sinister
implications over and
above these dangers.
These include: ce

© the black com- -
munity is being thrown ©
into confusion and dis-

. illusionment;

@ the white com- °

. munity: and “Govern-

‘ment need no better
reasontoclingto
power with. justifica-
© support organisa-
tions overseas are .dis-
ppointed;
© thie internal organi- .
sations themselves lose .
. credibility; and
© chaos reigns with no
form of control.

‘That the black com-
munity-wants.peace

: was shown by the num-

bers that went to Re-



--The essential needs for supplying the population and for exports.

--At the present time we are engaged in an unremitting struggle against armed
banditry; this results in the priority to increase production for supporting
security and defense forces (uniforms, footwear).

--Development of our industry should bé based upon utilization of. our agricultural,
mineral, fishery and energy resources.

~-Moreover, there has been no change in the structure of industry we inherited
from colonialism. Alteration of this structure requires creation of basic
industry, which is a long process. Several possible projects in this area
are now being studied, particularly with a view to utilization of natural gas

and iron ore.

--Foreign capital and external financing are needed for all these priorities and
prospects. : :

Not only do we need foreign means of payment, ‘put we must also develop our.
managerial and organizational capabilities in the productive sector, and intro-
duce new technologies.

In this process, various forms of association with foreign capital are possible.

--Due to the need it had to assure business operations, the state still has respon-
sibility for production units where its direct intervention is not justified.
The state must concentrate on strategic companies and mobilize cooperative and
private initiative to take their place in the various industrial sectors.

--Moreover, to develop industrial production, it is important that business firms
really be a building-block of the economy, that is, that they be operative,
dynamic and profitable, and with a degree of autonomy that corresponds to their
responsibilities.

8834
CSO: 3442/302

29



Short term:

With short term | mean: 1985-1990.
Perhaps the most tragic aspect of our
fighter-gap, is that It can no longer be
filled by a SA fighter in the short term.
Modern fighters are complicated things
and their development.is a lengthy pro-
cess. If the prototype of a SA fighter
was to be completed in 1985, produc-
tion could not start much before 1989,
which is too late. There is one solution
~- Israel. Many people associate IAI
(israel Aircarft Industries) with the Kfir,
which is of course a no-no to us. But
before they produced the Kfir, Israel
built a direct copy of the Mirage 5,
know as the Nesher or Dagger. Produc-
tion of this fighter stopped some time
ago. If South Africa could place a large
order for this fighter, the production.
line can be opened at relatively low
cost, as the jiggs etc. are still available.
These Neshers will be no better than
the current Mirages, but the increase in
numbers will be of great help. And with
an inflation rate of around 1000%
Israel will probably welcome any large
export deal.

Medium term:

For the médium term (early 1990’s)
our only hope is a South African or part-
ly South African fighter. A joint venture
with Taiwan will probably be the best.
Israel has her hands full with the Lavi
and will not have money for developing
yet another fighter.

Suppose, just suppose you could be
the designer of a new fighter for SA,
what form will your product take?’ A
large F15 like fighter can match ail our
‘requirements, but is too costly to build
in large numbers. At the other end of
the scale, the F16 is affordable in the
right numbers, but lacks all-weather
capability and is too slow for use as an
interceptor. (Our next fighter must be a
multi-role machine, for interception,
dogfighting and long fange penetra-
tion.) Some countries have solved this
problem by buying small numbers of
heavy fighters plus larger numbers of
lighter, cheaper fighters. We can’t af-
ford such luxuries, so a compromise is
the only solution. An F18:-like plane,
with higher speed, will be almost ideal.

100

Any future SA fighters have will have
to be in the same'class ‘as the next
generation of fighters, which include
the US Advanced Tactical Fighter
(ATF), Europe’s EAP and ACX and the
more modest Lavi and Grippen from
Israel and Sweden. These planes use
the latest technology, including canard
or forward swept wings (or both), com-
posite construction, relaxed static
stability, fly-by-wire etc. In my opinion,”
the ideal SA fighter’ should be twin
engined, with a thrust to weight ratio
better than 1 and a wingloading of
perhaps 300 kg/m2, all-weather and

beyond visual range capabilities Is e
must. Such a fighter can become the
backbone of SA’s and Talwan’s alr-
forces and may be considered by Israel
as a F4 replacement.

To make full use of any future addi-
tions to our air defences, the alrforce
should seriously consider the acquiring
of an Awacs system. Now many
readers (and politiclans) may think
South Africa does not need such an ad-
vanced (read “expensive”) system, but |
do not agree. Of course all existing
systems are totally unavailable to us,
but that shouldn’t stop us. The first
step would be to acquire some suitable
airframes. Due to the Introduction of
silent, more fuel-efficient airliners in
the early 1980's, there are now scores
of Boeing 707 and 727’s in
“graveyards” all over the USA. Acquir-
ing these openly is out of the question,
but | am sure we can get some in a
covert manner with good old South
African ingenulty. Developing a
suitable radar may stretch Armcor’s
resourcefulness to the limit, but Is
possible, keeping in mind that they can
be considerably less capable than thelr
American cousins. Another necessity
ls the acquiring of an alr-air tanker
fleet. Airframes can again be unused
707's or even 1100's, and equipping
them for airborne refueling will ‘be
much easier. The introduction of even a
small force of, say, 3 Awacs platforms
and four or five large tankers will add
an entirely new dimension to our
defences.


JPRS~SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GAZA PROVINCE SHOWS ECONOMIC GROWTH IN PAST YEAR
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 22 May 85 p 8

[Text] Substantial economic growth was registered in the province of Gaza ‘during
the past year, in comparison with the 1982-83 period, it was found by the first
augmented session of the Provincial Government, held recently in the city’ of
Xai-Xai, under the direction of Governor Aurelio Manave.

The meeting took account of activities carried out during the past year and dis-
cussed political, economic and social questions, as well as evaluating the draft
of the Central State Plan for the current year. Among those involved in the work
were provincial directors, district administrators and persons invited from
various social and economic sectors of the province. .

Development of the decentralization and reorganization process in the agricultural
sector has introduced improvements in the management of the major companies, a
fact reflected in the increased yields per hectare of several crops.

Despite these increases, however, only rice, Peanuts and. some vegetable crops
have reached their goals.

This situation is due to several factors, including deficient organization and
poor management of certain.companies, poor maintenance of the drainage and irri-
gation infrastructure, late arrival of imported seeds, lack of fuel and spare
parts:and the influence of climatic factors,

Seeking Local Solutions

In view of the many adversities hindering realization of plans and taking into
account the struggle against hunger, in 1984 the Provincial Government applied
much of its effort in seeking alternative local solutions for its problems.

In fact, the state sector created and promoted a movement to help family pro-

ducers.

The result of this movement was to distribute land, furnish seeds.and provide
factors of production to this sector, including yokes of oxen. This assistance
was also extended to private producers, who received tractors as well as oxen
and land. Their activities are coordinated by an Association of Private Farmers
as a way of facilitating the channeling of state support to this sector and
controlling its production.



JPRS~SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK PRESS WARNS ABOUT IMPLICATIONS OF VIOLENCE
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8 May 85 p 2
[Article: "Black Press Warns About Violénce"]

[Text] Johannesburg--A warning was issued this week in the black press that
the violence that is presently limited to black residential ateas will "inev-
itably" spill over into other areas... At the same time, it is being warned
that if whites become the target of attacks, the consequences will be too
gruesome to think about.

It was said thatthe ANC has expanded its. campaign in South Africa, and as
part of this has declared war on the largest company, Anglo-American.

The inability of blacks.to halt violence among themselves--which is evident
from the failure of the reconciliatory gathering that Bishop Desmond Tutu
attempted to hold last week in Soweto--has received much attention in reports
and editorials. (The UDF [United Democratic Front] and AZAPO [Azanian People's
Organization] did not show up at this gathering.)

The Sunday newspaper SOWETAN SUNDAY MIRROR sums up feelings as follows: "The
irony of the long predicted revolution in South Africa is that it is affecting
the presumed. agitators--blacks--more seriously than the presumed oppressors~-—
whites.

"Revolutions do not discriminate in their atrocious attacks on people. There
will be many more cases that will unfortunately affect those who are the most
innocent--if there is such a group in South Africa.

“The fact is that: blacks are presently feeling the worst%effects of vevolution—
arynchange in the physical: sense. The violence, directed inwardly by children
and adults, strikes mostly blacks.

"This ig not to say that it should be the other way around. and that whites
should be the target. If this begins to happen, the consequences will be too
gruesome to think about, to use the words of a politician.

"The uppermost classes have the deftnéss and time to. strike back in a much

more organized fashion than has been seen in the riffraff attacks of black
against black.

61



JPRS-SSA~-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO PROVINCE ESTABLISHES CONTACTS WITH TANZANIAN CITY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 May 85 p 2

[Text] This month, representatives from the districts of Mueda, Palma and
Mocimboa da Praia, in Cabo Delgado, will visit the Tanzanian city of M'Tuara
for meetings with local authorities on issues relating to the border exchange
between these two regions. At the meeting, there will be a discussion of
topics associated with commercial exchanges, combating speculation and border
violation problems. The Mozambican delegation will be headed by the Mueda
administrator, Jose Sambone.

Two months ago, the representatives of these three districts of Cabo Delgado
Province held a meeting aimed at finding more suitable mechanisms for solving
a series of problems occurring in the two regions, which are located on the
shores ‘of the Rovuma River. Similar meetings took place in certain districts
of Tanzania.

The commission to ensure border exchange between these two neighboring regions
(Cabo Delgado and M'Tuara) was formed in 1983, with the task of ensuring better
understanding in the relations between the two border provinces. At the time
of its creation, the commission devised a series of recommendations which,
however, were nat properly implemented.

Moreover, the administrator from Mocimboa da Praia, Robat Caisse, explained
that there are Tanzanian citizens producing, fishing and hunting on Mozambican
territory. However, he added that some of them are stealing native goods and
promoting the black market in our country. "There are also Mozambicans who
are violating the border space, going to Tanzania to purchase or sell products

illegally."

Robat Caisse also remarked that there are individuals from the districts of
Palma and Mocimboa da Praia who are using the ocean route to engage in
clandestine trade in Tanzania.

He commented: "It is difficult to arrest these individuals, because they use
small boats, and the maritime and police authorities assume that they intend

to go fishing."

The administrator from Mocimboa da Praia recounts that the latest serious
incident took place in Palma, when two persons were killed as a result of

32



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REGIONAL SERVICE COUNCILS CONSTITUTED OF ALL RACES
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 May 85 p 12

[Text] When the bill dealing with regional service councils was made public
yesterday, one more brick was laid in the structure of the new constitutional
dispensation in South Africa, and a new era was thereby inaugurated for the
third-level government that will hopefully contribute to the creation of a
constitutional future for Blacks.

This bill, together with the steps taken earlier this week to reorder the
second-level government, to conform to South Africa's particular needs, gives
further confirmation to the government's policy of partnership-i in-decision-
making in communal matters, self-determination in one's own affairs and con-
sensus government.

The institution of regional service councils is of great significance in the
development of the political rights of Blacks. For the first time in history
they will be able to make joint decisions with the Whites, the Coloreds and
the Asians in a local government-body where common affairs and services are
concerned.

One must interpret this in the light of the assurance given by Minister Chris
Heunis this very week, that the door to second-level government is not closed
to the Blacks, as well as in light of the view expressed by the national presi-
dent earlier this year that Blacks must participate in the decision-making pro-
cess right up to the highest level of government.

The black representatives in the regional service councils will, among other
things, be able to lay claim to a part of their new tax levies, which are to
be collected for the development of their communities. The insufficiency of
their own sources of income is just one of the shortcomings that seriously un-
dermine the effectiveness of black community councils.

It is therefore unfortunate that certain authorities, which are constantly ex-
horting the government to institute reforms and to improve the living condi-
tions of the less affluent communities, and who initially even supported the
plan for regional service councils, are now suddenly grumbling about financing
them. It is so easy to campaign for taxes and tax-levies, but is it always
moral?

64



Whichever steps are taken, the alr-
force needs more money. Fighters are
expensive beasts — a medium sized

SA fighter will cost at least R365 million -

and even Dagger-type planes will not
be less than R20m aplece. (If you think
that Is a lot of money — the F14 costs
$45m — that’s around R90m!) Where
this money comes from is a problem
for the politicians. Our job Is to make
sure, they are very, very aware of the
dangerous South African fighter-gap.

cso: 3400/348

101



LONRHO PLANS TO INCREASE ITS STAKE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 10 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

"LONRHO plans to spend over $25

million on a capital investment
programme which will see the
-Athens Mine in Mvuma begin pro-
ducing gold, expansion of the
Independence Mine in Mutare,
modernisation of David White-
head’s spinning plant in Kadoma,
and the transfer of both Zimoco
and Turnpan into new premises.

‘The managing director of the
Lonrho group, Mr A C L Parvin,
told The Gazette this week that
while Lonrho does normally make
‘substantial reinvestments on capi-
tal requirements, several special
projects planned over the next 12
months have raised the amounts
well above normal. i

“There is a lot going into the
mines’, he said, ‘which will be
quite separate trom normal capi-
tal expenditure. For example, we
have been doing a lot of explora-
tion work at the Athens Mine in
Mvuma — the site of the old
Falcon copper mine.

“We plan to convert those wor-
kings from q pilot scheme to an
operational one. This will require
between $10 and $12 million in
equipment, replacements, develop-

ments, re-lining of shafts, and so *

on, We want to expand the pro-
duction side of the plant there’’.
Mr Parvin said that once opera-
tional, Athens Mine will add
“something like 13kg of gold a

3400/314

123

month’? to the country’s produc-
tion level. More money is to go
into the ongoing expansion o! the
Independence Mine in Mutare, and
of course, into “normal’” capital
expenditure ‘at all the group’s
mines in Zimbabwe.

‘The programme includes about
$6 million in new i
ment for David Whitehead Textiles,
Mr Parvin continued. Mr °Ray-

mond Woolley, David White-

head’s chief executive, told The
Gazette that ‘“‘we have applied to
government, for permission to
modernise part of our spinning
plant at Kadoma.

“The total cost will be in the
region of $6 million. We also have
‘one or to smaller projects in hand,
both in Chegutu and Kadoma,
again for modernisation ot plant”.

This drive towards modernisa-
tion, Mr Woolley explained, has
been necessitated ‘by the need to
ensure retention of a presence in
the export market. ‘The quality
standards in the international mar-
ket demand that we replace and
modernise our technology”.

Zimoco, another Lonrho com-
pany, will be moved to new premi-
ses in Douglas Road, as may Turn-
pan, said Mr Parvin, while the
Wattle Company ordinarily has a
capital expenditure requirement of
about $2 million. .

IJPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



Along the same vein, he cited two other examples of cooperation, namely the
ceramic factory of Umbeluzi and a sock-making plant in Maputo, which will have a
production capacity of 5 million pairs annually, although in the beginning this
production will be only 1 million pairs annually.

In regard to the ceramic factory, the Czechoslovak diplomat said that technicians
from his country made a contribution by discovering the raw material for its pro-
duction at a nearby location, thus successfully replacing imported materials.

"The work was begun with use of local raw material, but was interrupted because
the tropical storm "Domoina" caused flooding and washed sand into the factory,"
said Brezak, adding that his country later offered $200,000 and made technicians
available for maintenance of the plant's equipment.

Expressing understanding of the factors outside Mozambique and his own country as
well.that hinder accomplishment of established cooperation projects, Brezak —
stressed Czechoslovakia's solidarity in the struggle being waged against arthed
banditry, providing appropriate assistance. .

8834
CSO: 3442/290

42



JPRS~SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON CORN PRICE DISPUTE, THREAT OF BOYCOTT
Structural Changes Advocated

Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 10 May 85 p 14

[Editorial: "Short But Fierce"]

[Text] It was a short-lived but fierce battle.

And there were too many reproaches and hard words to allow one to believe: that
the corn dispute will now simply fall’ into oblivion. Even so, there is joy
that the farmers and the government are again sitting and talking around the
same table.

There will always be problems about the determination of the producer's price
for corn, for the simple reason that there are so many interest groups. If
the farmers are satisfied, then the consumer will certainly. complain. Then
there are the ranchers and the dairy industry, who must also adapt to the
price of corn. To say nothing of input costs.

In such a complicated situation, priority must as a rule be given to the broad-
er interest. ‘This is why it was asked again recently that the state withdraw,
so that the mechanisms of the free market system can gradually go into effect.

“Not that this is going to be that easy in the case of the corn trade, since
the producer and the consumer are poles apart, with a chain of intermediary
interests. It is after all a fact that farmers cannot deliver their products
to the supermarket themselves.

But with the silos and the corporations and the wholesale and retail dealers,
the detour is in fact an extensive one. To say nothing of the control council.
No wonder the producer's price and the price ultimately paid by the consumer
differ so considerably.

These are all matters to which continuous attention should be paid. And many
other matters as well, such as total strategy, planting quotas, or a restruc-
turing of the industry.

84



rate is high; we have the food problem; we are lacking in industrial experience.
We are constructing this now; so we.cannot claim that, 10 years hence, there
will be no need for the Cape Verdian to emigrate. -What is certain right now

is that we are not going to encourage emigration.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: A possible return, such as the one occurring in certain
European countries, would be fatal to the country at present....

Pedro Pires: There has been a return, but’ in rather small numbers; obviously,
a return en masse would cause some problems... It is alla matter of the
national economy, and the degree of development in a country which does not
yet have the capacity to assimilate or absorb the entry of a large number of
persons needing employment. Meanwhile, we are creating the conditions, we .
are preparing a second development plan especially geared toward the productive
sector. It is possible that then we may have more clearcut ideas, and that
the sectors for investment of our emigrants’ savings will have already been
determined. ‘It is, therefore, a matter of time, a question of development.

We are working in that direction.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: When discussing the deficient areas of development, Prime
Minister, you mentioned agriculture, tourism, civil construction and construc—
tion materials, but you never mentioned. fishing. 1.would like to know what is
going on with fishing, particularly in view of the fact that, insofar ‘as we
know, Cape Verde has rather abundant waters.

Pedro Pires: We cannot claim that our. waters are very abundant. We are making
studies, so as to determine through research: what their capacity actually is.

This is one of the priority objectives of the State Secretariat of Fisheries.

So this does not mean that we have not paid heed to fishing. About 2 years

ago, we even changed the government's structure, creating a State Secretariat
for Fisheries. It was our idea to.create an instrument capable of guaranteeing
them and promoting the sector's development. The fact is that, in that area

as well, very little has been done. There was no experience;' in addition to

the fact that the state could not do everything either. There must be business-
men, and there must be development in the occupational fishing subsector itself.
Starting now, the State Secretariat of Fisheries has been working and intensify-
ing the information on the sector; and hence it will soon be in a position to
propose a policy for the sector, a policy to guarantee the sector's develop-
ment. We attach great importance to that sector of our economy, and we think
that it has a major role to play. .

It is important to note that we are not opting for the ‘creation. of large
enterprises with foreign participation, despite the proposals that have been.
made to us. We preferred to wait, ‘to heighten the understanding of the sector,
so as later to start its development. It was more a question: of ‘caution; of
concern and of good judgment in devising a policy than a lack of.interest. It
was, in fact, good judgment: to know the sector better; in short, ‘to have all
the information, so as later to determine a policy. If .we ‘had begun ‘to
develop fishing without the capacity for it, it would be a development ensured


PFP Split Over Attitudes Toward SADF, Security
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 85)..cccccccsccccccccccseeecescneees

Local Authority Power Extended for Minister
(THE CITIZEN, 31 May 85)..cceessecccccssccccecccscscseces

Registration of White Men for Commandos Ordered
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 3 May 85).cccscceeceesceecneccccnccecvess

Black Press Warns About Implications of Violence
(DIE BURGER, 8 May 85)-ssscceccereesccccescescscccvessons

Regional Service Councils Constituted of All Races
(DIE BURGER;: 10 May 85).sscecceccsceccveevccceeceececeees

Afrikaans Seen as Bond Between Afrikaners, Coloreds
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 11 May 85)...cceeececcecccscevscveece

Coloréds Not Yet Accepted for Membership in FAK
(Gawie Cillie; DIE BURGER, 11 May 85)...

Cooperation With Coloreds Seen as Diminishing Unrest
(DIE BURGER, 17 May 85)..ceececsceccccccccesceceeseereees

Commentary on Violence of Blacks Against Blacks
(Thami Mazwai; SOWETAN, 27 May 85)...sscceecceseecescvece

Heunis Explains Repeal of Mixed Political Parties Ban
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 27 May 85)...seeseesessseeees

Mixed Marriage Classification Spelled Out By Minister
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 28 May 85)....-sepeeseseseeee

Special Black Courts To Be Abolished
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 85)..cccccecccsccsccvesesecccssonces

Amendments To Mixed Parties Act Published
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 85)..ccccccecscecesscccccccesseeecee

May Effort To Instigate Black Workers’ Strike Fails
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 15 May 85)..ccccecesesccccccccccecece

Unemployment, Unrest Remedied by Work Programs
(DIE BURGER, 10 May 85). .cceseccccccccrecccrecevevesncece

Noncomplying Farmers Threatened in Corn Boycott
(DIE BURGER, 7 May 85) cicesvecsccsccccccccscerceceenneees

58

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70

71

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82



At another point in the interview, the Norwegian official said that his nation's
foreign policy in regard to Africa follows two paths: reduction of trade and
other contacts with the Republic of South Africa, due to its apartheid policy, and
an increase in development assistance, with first priority given to the "front-
line" and SADCC nations.

Anti-Apartheid Measures

“Norway is very strongly opposed to apartheid and in favor of democracy," said
Saeter, emphasizing that, due to his country's experience with German occupation
during World War’ II, "we realize that small countries have difficulties in facing
powerful countries. That is why we feel it is very important to show solidarity
with Mozambique."

To illustrate his point, he said that trade between his country and the Republic
of South Africa [SA] has fallen to 0.4 percent recently, with measures underway
to reduce’it even further.

‘We proposed to parliament a system of licensing trade with South Africa. We are
going to discuss with companies involved in these transactions alternatives to
trade with that country. We will establish special fines for infractions of the
legislation, and will offer government assistance in seeking other trading part-
ners," he asserted.

In regard to Norwegian investments in South Africa, he said there were none.

‘we realize that even if we reduce trade further it will not be economically im-
portant for South Africa, but it will be politically important, because it will
be a signal to the other industrialized countries that we want more sanctions
against that country, so that there will be changes in the apartheid policy,"
he noted.

He added that Oslo also supports the boycott against furnishing military equip-
ment to South Africa and that this should also include telecommunications material
that. can be used for military purposes as well as civilian. He revealed that

9 days ago his country proposed to the other Scandinavian countries adoption of
joint action in this field, aiming at reduction of contacts with South Africa.

Constructive Conversations

"TZ had constructive conversations with the ministers responsible for the areas
where our cooperation is being carried out," said Odd Saeter, in discussing the
results of his visit to this country.

He said he is quite pleased with the level of cooperation between his country and
Mozambique in the fields of energy, maritime transport, industry, commerce, agri-
culture, health and education.

He characterized cooperation in the area of energy as "very good," pointing out

“that "we are very well impressed by the way the energy supply has. been restored"

after the March storms that destroyed 31 pylons for high-tension power lines.

39



JPRS-SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COOPERATION WITH COLOREDS SEEN AS DIMINISHING UNREST
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 May 85 p 16

[Text] Before and after the referendum, many prophecies of gloom were uttered
by left-wingers and far-right radicals, predicting that the new constitutional
dispensation was doomed to failure. It was predicted that one constitutional
deadlock after the other would bar the way, and that confrontation rather than
consensus would be the watchword. In short, the new dispensation was not giv-
en the ghost of a chance of survival. —

But what actually happened? Far from the dispensation's going up rapidly in
flames, there is increasing evidence that the new system is not only viable,
but that it has met with surprising success.

The parliamentary machinery has run smoothly thus far, without any talk of ser-
ious constitutional crises. Still more important are the contributions the new
dispensation has made to the cultivation of favorable attitudes and the growing
realization among all South Africans that the salvation of ‘this country lies in
cooperation and negotiation and not in confrontation and boycott.

This is a particularly encouraging development because in the difficult time
of adjustment and reform that South Africa must now face, mutually favorable
attitudes must play a decisive role.

Typical of what is happening are’ the pronouncements made by two leading colored
officials who, at one stage of their political career, were strong supporters
of a politics of confrontation and boycott.

In the House of Representatives, Rev Allan Hendrickse called the abolition of
the two offensive laws an important result of the policy of negotiation, while
Mr David Curry, at a symposium on unrest, violence and urban terrorism, was
pleased to refer to all the wonderful things that are happening in South Africa.
As examples, he named the new--and successful--dispensation, which is empowered
to provide housing for South Africans and the fact that Blacks by the thousands
are streaming to South Africa for refuge.

There are reasons to suspect that the comparative peace and calm being exper-
ienced by West Cape Province, in contrast to the disturbances occurring else-
where in the country, may be attributed in great measure to allowing Coloreds
to participate in the decision-making process in this country. For the sake
of the nation's future, we hope that this message will gain greater and greater
acceptance.

8117 40
C80: 3401/203



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MAY EFFORT TO INSTIGATE BLACK WORKERS' STRIKE FAILS

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 85 p 10

[Article by Dawie: "Without Further Ado, Black Workers, Too, Have Now Come Out
against Disinvestment]

[Text] However one may look at it, there is reason for thankfulness in the
nearly complete failure of yesterday's effort to instigate a nationwide strike
by black workers in South Africa.

The organizers of the plan clearly hoped that they might use the current econo-
mic and security situation in the nation to cause large-scale disruption. In

.certain circles there was ready evidence of how hundreds of thousands supported

the summons [to strike].

Deaths

In fact, nothing came of it. Why not? It is essential that we try to find the
answer to this question.

Let it be said from the very outset that it certainly does not mean that the
masses of Blacks remain indifferent to prison deaths, such as the one to which
the job-boycott campaign was linked. Everyone feels very much concerned, and
until we get the answers that the investigations will produce, these occurren-
ces will have to receive a great deal of urgent attention.

Back, then, to the question of the lack of success in making use of such an
emotion-laden event to inflict a further set-back on the nation.

One of the first "excuses" offered yesterday was that it only shows how fearful
the workers are in today's difficult economy, of losing their job or receiving
a reduced salary. The argument behind this is that it is economic power and
money that has talked louder than anything else.

This may be true, but then, of course, it would mean that South Africa's black
workers struck a hard blow against disinvestiture yesterday..If that is how ~
they feel about a day's work boycott or a two-hour strike, what must they not

think of the many more horrible aspects of disinvestiture?

79



234125

JPRS-SSA-85-052

24

June 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

pric QUALITY INSPECTED &

—
co
CO
ao
a
ie
co
ro |
cS
CO
oo

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY

: | NATIONAL TECHNICAL
" | INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 2216] |
I

DISTRIBUTION STA’
Bpproved for public release;
gp: , Distribution Unlimited _

133
Bn AGT


BOTHA DEFENDS AFRIKAANS LANGUAGE

JPRS-SSA-85-052

24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 85 p7

CAPE TOWN. — Afrikaans was a language of “self-

[Text] respect and recognition of the right of others”, not the

cso;

language of the oppressor, the State President, Mr P W
Botha, said at the Afrikaanse Taalmonument yester-
day.

Mr Botha said Afrikaans was a “useful, typical South
African spoken language”.

“Forty-eight percent of the population claim that
they can speak the language as against 44 percent who
say they can speak English.

“There is a significant need for reading material in
simple Afrikaans among developing groups. And a
large number of people is at issue here.

“English, our other official language, is at present a
second language for eight-million people in the country
and Afrikaans already fulfils this role for seven-million.

“Add to that almost five-million people in the RSA
with Afrikaans as a home language, then you will
understand why a co-ordinated work attitude on a large
scale is necessary in the terrain of Afrikaans.” .

_Mr Botha said that when Jan van Riebeeck landed at
the Cape in 1652 his plan had been to establish a re-
freshment station.

God’s plan, however, had been “the creation of an-
other civilisation with a new language from Africa’.

“We know today that the refreshment post has disap-
peared so that something better and greater could ap-
pear,” he said. “Through suffering comes life. High
above the temporary materialistic desires of man, there
lives in him a wonder spirit which yearns to find ex-
pression in the association with his fellow-countrymen
and people.

“That wonder spirit seeks expression in creations
such as literature, the fine arts and worship and praise
to God. -

“And Afrikaans, this child from the soil of Africa,
has already become an instrument for mil of
people — yes, for more than just the Afrikaner — by
means of which their thoughts can be transferred to
their fellow-man.

“We believe that man has a soul and a nation has a
Soul. And where it is neglected and abused, where it

3400/335
105

does not develop in a balanced manner, there follows
deformed growth.

“This monument must never be the symbol of de-
formed growth. This monument must never be a sym-
bol of a language hidden under a bushel.”

Just as the Vrouemonument, the Voortrekker Monu-
ment or the 1820 Settlers’ Monument could not be
monuments of hate, so the,Taalmonument could not be
a monument of hate.

“Afrikaans is not the language of offensiveness. It is
not the laugyage of the oppressor. Neither is Afrikaans
a premature baby that must be protected in an incuba- :
tor. H

“As patron of the Afrikaanse Taalfonds 1 want to”
again express here at the Taalmonument my belief in
‘the Afrikaans language and in the people who use and .
love it. :

“Afrikaans and this beautiful southern land are un-
deniably grown together.

“Let us all stand together and let the-symbolism of
the Taalmonument be true in our own lives and also for
the future of the language. '

“Let us roll up our sleeves and forget differences
among ourselves so that we can expand Afrikaans in a
creative manner and according to the need of the socie-
ty, high up into the air, into the future.” :

Afrikaans was “the God-given instrument through’
which millions of people in Africa performed their daily
talks, maintained their community life, exercised their’
culture and served their creator. :

“It was not the language of people who were
ashamed of their existence.” i

Mr Botha said Afrikaans was the language of “cre-
ation and convincement, of expressiveness in consulta-
tion and dialogue, of self-respect and recognition of the
right of others, of people with a call to lead in Africa.” |

It was not the language of a “narrow-minded dwarf
tribe”. : :

“It is the language of a nation that finds it so beauti- |
ful that they want to share it with others. It is the lan-
guage of the joy of life without despair and lack of
faith.” — Sapa.



Industrial Sector Outlines Priorities, Difficulties
(NOTICIAS, 17 May 85)...sececcecccccnceceesecenceececeecs

Radio Plant To Increase Production
(Abdul Carimo; NOTICIAS, 17 May 85)...ceeceecsccseccceees

Cabo Delgado Province Establishes Contacts With Tanzanian City
(NOTICIAS, 18 May 85)..cscccecseccecccrecccceereveececees

Iran To Donate Food, Medicine, Vehicles
(NOTICIAS, 22 May 85) .scecscccccccccvccccccececcecceceees

Gaza Province Shows Economic Growth in Past Year
(NOTICIAS, 22 May 85).ccecesceccecceccecetovereeseseveens

Norwegian Cooperation Secretary Discusses Projects
(Noe Dimonde; NOTICIAS, 7. May 85)..csesscsccvcssccccvsces

Czechoslovak. Ambassador Reaffirms Friendship, Cooperation
(Vaclav Brezak; NOTICIAS, 7 May 85)...cccscccesscessccece

Frelimo Provincial Committee Approves Niassa 1985 Plan
(NOTICIAS, 18 May 85).ccccssccessccccsccccssccescvcesenes

Former 'Bandit' Collaborators Integrated in Mapinhane
(NOTICIAS, 16 May 85)..ccecccecccccccvcccccvcvecccececeee

Briefs

Soviet Book Exhibition Opens
Trade-Union Cadre Training

SOUTH AFRICA

AWB Threatens Violence To Maintain Law and Order
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 1 May 85)..sccesvececcvcccccccsvcvssences

Effect of Reforms on NP Support Described
(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 9 May 85)...cccecceccecveceeee

Church Paper Discusses ‘Total Onslaught'
(DIE TRANSVALER, 9 May 85)..ccseccscccceeecssststececeees

Alan Paton Supports Idea of Federation of States
(THE CITIZEN, 24 May 85).eccccccccccccccceccseecncceesees

Executive Committee of Cultural Council Replaced
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 30 May 85).ccecsccecceceecescccececcesees

Viljoen Retirement Rumors Denied
(Bert van Hees; THE CITIZEN, 30 May 85)....ecssecccceesee

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JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

IMMIGRATION SAVES MONEY--Cape Town.--Immigration saves South Africa millions
of rands each year in training costs and, being applied on a selective basis,
does not affect the local labour force, said Mr T, H. Hattingh, executive
director of the European Immigration Company. Speaking at their annual
meeting in Cape Town, Mr Hattingh said only immigrants who had professions for
which there was a demand in South Africa were allowed to settle in the country.
Four new jobs for unskilled workers were created with every skilled immigrant
who came to South Africa, he said, Last year more than 140 immigrants became
South African citizens. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30° May 85
p 11)

cso: 3400/335

106



JPRS~SSA~-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR OUTLINES PRIORITIES, DIFFICULTIES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 May 85 p 3

[Text] There was a mass exodus of managers and technicians from foreign companies
immediately after independence. To avoid their closing down completely and to
combat sabotage, the state felt obligated to intervene in these companies. With
neither experience nor proper training, Mozambicans found themselves responsible
at all levels for operation of these firms. During this phase of.a desperate at-
tempt by the agents of colonialism to destabilize our business firms, the Mobiliz-
ing Groups [GD] played a fundamental role in organizing the workers and in neutral-
izing the maneuvers of the enemy.

As a result of these factors, there was a decline in the levels of industrial pro-
duction during the first years of independence.

However, gradual reorganization of production and distribution through the partici-
pation of the workers and the state in the major economic units led to the emer~
gence in 1978 and 1979 of the first signs of industrial growth. This trend con-
tinued and even accelerated throughout 1980 and 1981. Thus, by the latter year
industrial production was 13.7 percent greater than in 1977.

Meanwhile, new production capacity was entering into operation, the more prominent
being:

--Production line for making noodles in Maputo;

--Corn milling in Maputo;

--Manufacture of synthetic fabrics"in Marracuene;

--Manufacture of cotton fabrics in Nampula;

--Manufacture. of blankets in Pemba;

~-Manufacture of tires in Maputo;

--A naval repair yard in Maputo;

--Assembly line for buses in Beira.

Moreover, other large industrial ventures are now underway, such as Mocuba textile,
and there are activities underway to carry out small projects such as construction
of a small factory for making hoes in Beira, a vegetable-oil plant in Niassa and
installation of a forge in Maputo to produce various manual work tools.

But several problems still persist in industry, including:
--Deficient management;

27



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GREATER ROLE FOR AFRIKAANS IN BUSINESS ADVOCATED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11. May 85 p 12

[Editorial: "Forward Afrikaans" ]

[Text] Without trumpet fanfare or drum roll, Afrikaans made its appearance
60 years ago as an official national language. On 8 May 1925, a joint session
of the House of Assembly and the Senate recognized, with no dissenting votes,
Afrikaans as an official language by adopting a corresponding change in the
constitution.

The people involved with the issue at the time did indeed clearly recognize
the importance of the step. Dr D. F. Malan, the minister of education, said
in his speech for the second reading that for the country's "Dutch speakers"
there is only one language that is truly their own, namely Afrikaans. "It is
the symbol of the people, of their existence." By recognizing it, "the Dutch-
speaking part of the South African people will feel for the first time that
they are fully recognized and that in their own country they are fully free
and at home."

In an editorial entitled "An Historic Event," DIE BURGER also wrote that if
the unanimity prevalent in Parliament carries on outside it as well, then it
could be la turning point in the history of South Africa."

In the final analysis, the constitutional modification changed little.
Afrikaans was already rather well established as a language. Even Hansard
was already being published in Afrikaans.

Afrikaans already had an adequate grammar and literature--and several years
later, in 1947, the renowned Dutch poet A. Roland Horst declared that a number
of Afrikaans poets had brought Afrikaans poetry up to world standards.

But all this was not enough; the language still had to fight for its place in
real life. Certainly the most important means was to insist at all times on
bilingualism. During its time in power—-1924-1933 and since 1948--the National
Party has made an effort to promote bilingualism in the civil service, often
against strong resistance. Bilingualism, it was snarled, is "a positive handi-
cap," "a big mistake," "an Afrikaans fetish," etc.

. 86



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT, UNREST REMEDIED BY WORK PROGRAMS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 May 85 p 12

[Text] The decision of the cabinet to expand the special programs for job-
creation in urban districts will be welcomed by everyone who is concerned about
the great increase in unemployment among all the population groups in the na-
tion.

Although the 100 million rands allocated for the programs is a modest amount
when compared with the enormous extent of the problem, it will nevertheless
bring relief to a significant number of unemployed persons. They and their
families will thus be freed from the suffering, uncertainty and anxiety that
go hand in hand with unemployment.

People will appreciate the fact that the government, despite its vital re-
trenchment program, has relinquished the amount pledged. By this action it
has given an example to the private sector, which must also devise plans to
help create more jobs. This is a task that the government cannot accomplish
by itself.

Despite the political origin of the chronic disturbances in the nation, unem-
ployment plays an important role in them as well. Where there is an increase
in unemployment, there is often unrest and violence. It is therefore a good
thing that East Cape Province, which is seriously affected by the recession
and the violence, will be receiving special attention.

Not only has the serious economic recession in the country led to lay-offs for
many people, but new job-seekers are also being seriously affected.

According to the interim results of this year's census, the population of
South Africa now stands at 27 million. At the present rate of growth, it will
increase to 39.5 million by the year 2000, and to 137 million by the year 2050.
Therefore an important phase of the battle against unemployment is the greater
attention that must be given to family planning and counseling.

8117
CSO: 3401/203

81



that situation, but, I repeat, we have not yet succeeded in eliminating the
danger of famine completely because that depends on. the country's ‘economic
development. We are working to achieve that, by developing agriculture and
developing fishing, and obtaining the largest possible amount of food
products within our country. ‘

Obviously, ‘the famine problem that is being experienced at present in several
countries has its reasons. That tragédy will be overcome only by means of a
correct policy for development of the agricultural sector, or the agricultural-
livestock sector; but it also requires scheduled support from the international
community. The countries are not equipped to solve that problem by themselves.

Speaking of causes, we have the natural ones,.such as drought, the encroachment
of the desert and the deterioration of the environment; but there is also the
question of agrarian policy and the policy on development. Those countries
have a subsistence economy, that economy which was destroyed by the introduc-
tion of imported crops, to the detriment’ of the local crops, or by the intro-
duction of new eating habits, to the detriment of the native crops. People
created new consumption patterns, new eating habits.

Hence, we should ask whether those eating habits are proper, and whether those
consumption patterns are in keeping with the country's potential. There is a
deepseated need for reflection, entailing a restructuring of mentality. It is
a problem that does not confront.the farmer or the peasant alone, but also,

and primarily, the city-dweller and the cadre. The question relates not only
to the policy for development, for agrarian development, but also to consump~
tion habits, the model of consumption, food dependence, the price policy, the
type of ownership, incentives for production, etc.

We are facing a great challenge, and to conquer that challenge the political
leaders of those countries will have to find a better course of action, a
course of action which certainly entails a great deal of determination, a
great deal of confidence, a great deal of sacrifice and a great deal of work.
And it also entails consciousness of ‘an effort associated.with investment in
the country's future, with a policy of accumulation, a policy of austerity
and making good use of the available resources.

Now that problem has been gaining political forums. It is, essentially, a
question of a political system which is associated with the policy for
development, with the consumption habits; while at the same time constituting
an-enormous challenge to the cadres, the "elite," the city-dwellers, and also
the rural workers. It is a problem associated with the whole world, which
must be resolved, from the standpoint of fostering widespread development,
but favoring the elimination of food dependence. I repeat: the countries,

by themselves, are not equipped to find the:means for solving those problems,
they need assistance, scheduled support, for years; because the situation is
extremely difficult and quite deteriorated.



IJPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH. AFRICA

CHURCH PAPER DISCUSSES. 'TOTAL ONSLAUGHT’
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 9 May 85. p 14
[Article: "'Total Onslaught' of Domestic Origin"]

[Text] In its defense against what is termed the total on--
slaught against it, it is of no use for SA to point its
finger at other states in Southern Africa. This is the
reasoning of the editorial commentary. by WOORD EN DAAD,
the mouthpiece of the Reformist movement of Southern Africa.

The concept of the “total onslaught" has existed for some time in the South
African context. In addition, the concept is used to point out to domestic
voters (thus primarily whites) that SA is being "attacked" from all sides--
literally and figuratively--and that a double standard must be applied with
reference to SA. The use of this concept has also had the effect--even if
by implication--of. causing the average South African to lay his conscience to
rest, implying that the real villian is outside SA and that things are sup+:
posedly going relatively well domestically--as long as the foreigners keep
their noses out of SA's affairs. The question is: how valid is or was this
approach, and to what extent has it reflected the truth of the situation?

It is well-known, and it. is true, that SA must defend its borders against

SWAPO and against the ANC (on the borders with Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozam-
bique); thatiit is forced to endure sharp criticism from abroad (both well-
intentioned and malicious criticism); that SA has been subject to sanctions

and boycotts; that Third World countries together with the USSR are consistently
hostile to SA in the United Nations; that even a conservative and positive
American government under Reagan has put more and more pressure on SA; that
domestically it has revolts and political protest to deal with, etc. Seen in
this way, the onslaught is in fact comprehensive, and it is as if every country
in the world has something against SA.

For some time, the emphasis of the direct physical onslaught has been on the
military defense of SA's borders, and this has proven to be. one of the most
important facets of the total onslaught. However, in the recent past it has
quite relevantly come to the attention of South Africans that the emphasis of
the "total onslaught" has shifted from the borders to within the country. From
a far-removed bush war, the conflict has begun to crop up in SA's populated
cities. As such, this has begun to radically change the view of the concept
of total onslaught.

51



+|There-has been considerable reac:
tion to the airing of thoughts on the
make-up of the SADF by Mr P A
Myburgh Snr and General {S
Guilford. In this article the writer
presents further ideas for con-
sideration and discussion.

professional” with considerable
misgiyings which have since been
bornd out. The problems of attracting
the calibre of man required have in-
deed been major and the reports of a
lowering of the intelligence tevel
among recruits were far from exag-
gerated and have given the training
units many headaches. It was only
during the economic slump that the ar-
my succeeded in again attracting a
high calibre of recruit in any numbers
and these are only being retained with
considerable difficulty now that. the
economy Is again demanding skilled
manpower in some numbers.

2. While the conscript soldier certainly
did bring some problems for the US Ar-
my in Vietnam, these were hardly a
major cause of its fallure to save that
unhappy situation. The war in Vietnam
was lost simply because America: at
no stage demonstrated — and in fact
probably never had --- any intention of
winning it, intending merely to assist
South Vietnam not to lose. The North
Vietnamese were quite aware of this
and that naturally gave them the inner
strength to carry on ~~ the worst that
could happen was that they might not
win, there was no way that they could
lose. For the American soldier, profes-
sional or draftee, the situation was the
opposite, he knew that he was fighting
to no purpose. On the subject of. con-
scription per se, the real problem lay
not in the fact of conscription, but in
the-execution theréof. The injustices
and inequities of the ballot system
which’ was employed created much
bitterness and also robbed the Army
of many of those it most needed to
recruit, leaving its.Jower ranks made
up to an unhealthy extent of the under-
privileged and the undereducated
and distinctly undermotivated. This
same danger lurks in wait in General
Guilford’s suggestion of a “smaileran-
nual call-up”.

93

3. The British Army of the Rhine may
be regarded as the most efficient for-
mation of its size in the NATO deploy-
ment, but my exposure to officers of
various NATO armies has certainly not
given me the impression that it is
regarded as the most effective: it is
simply too small, in some regards too
ill-equipped, and too disrupted by the
demands of Ulster to match the Ger- -
man, US and, probably although | have
no experience of them, French forma-
tions, 5

4. The German 100 000 man army was
certainly a model of efficiency and did
give the Germans an edge in the early
phases of the Second World War, but
it did this only because it had been
built and run as a leader cadre for a
future larger army. Thus when con-
scription for the army was reintroduc-
od, there was a large and seasoned
body of men available who could im
mediately. be promoted one or two
ranks and take over the training and
running of thé new army. Then too, the
100 000 man army was used to train up -
a large reserve body in a form of
disguised national service in that
many men were rotated through it
déliberately, serving the shortest
possible period that would not give the
game away. The army that made short
work of all opposition until the winter
of 1941 and very often after that, was
essentially a conscript army led and
trained by professionals, it was cer-
tainly not a professional force.



gina Mundi in Soweto
and Dan Qege stadium
in Port Elizabeth.
Thousands.

Not only this, but
the people who went
to these services were
adults, the midriff of
the black community.
These are the people
who give respectability
to our organisations,
and they.showed their
concern by going to
the peace services.

Meetings are mostly
attended by youths,
but for the peace meet-
ings even the adults
came. No other display

+ -by the community can

show the need for
peace. :

Tt is with this in mind
that one imagines the
pain and disappoint-
ment in the black com-
munity when students
at the University of the
North savagely beat up
the leaders of a rival
political group at the

* campus recently.“

While the Students
Representative Coun-
cil (SRC) at the uni-
versity gave an excuse
a few days later exon-
erating the student
body, one knows that
the Turfloop SRC is
supportive of the UDF
and the people as-
saulted were Azapo.

It needs no guessing

cso: 3400/334

to know why the
Azapo men were
beaten up — political
rivalry. That this must
come from one of our
universities, anda
campus with a history
of integrity and com-
mitment, is one of the
most disappointing
episodes to emerge
from this current po-
litical violence. Onk-
gopotse Tiro must
have turned in his
* grave. .
Many in the com-
munity are tolerant of
the fact that university
students are normally
.. €motional, particularly
0 on touchy issues like
Political affiliation.

But beating political
rivals near to death is

taking it rather too far.

Taking the violence
into perspective, one
has no doubt that even
the banned African
National Congress

'~ (ANC) and Pan Afri-

canist Congress (PAC)
are just as embar-
rassed by. it. - Exiles

monitor and analyse
events in the country
more carefully that
_ the people still inside. -

One can imagine the
; Pain they feel when we
} slaughter each other.

No point

{ This infighting has
jalso given all justifica-
; tion to white South Af-
‘rica and the Govern-
Ment that blacks can
} never rule the country.
}-Current Affairs last
;. Wednesday said this
; much. And, opinion in
White circles, national-
jist or liberal, is that the
ipresent violence
:among our organisa-
“tion shows that we will
: destroy the country.

I personally . reject
: this with contempt, but
“many other people,
black at that, may ac-

_ Ceptit. . °
The effect of the vio-
‘ Ience on overseas or-
ganisations supporting
: the liberation struggle
- is obvious. They get

| disappointed. There is -
‘no point in them going *

on disinvestment cam-
paigns, sports and cul-
tural boycotts when
WE spend our time as-
saulting one another.

Another implication
that seems to have es-

‘‘caped is that Azapo

and the UDF oppose
: the Government as

: they claim it is unde- *

mocratic. Among
other things, democ-

racy entails accommo-
dating the opposing
i viewpoint. This the SA

When our organisa-
‘tions try and extermi-
ate one another, can
they claim a commit-
“ment to democracy
with straight faces?

; Are they prescribing

, one version of democ- ,

,Tacy to the Govern-
ment while prescribing

: another form to them-
sélves? And their form
entails exterminating
all opposition?

The, fighting among
our organisations also
brings into focus the
question: “Can they _
control their follow-

; ers?” One can only |
+ hope they can,
_ Lastly, one of |
the organisations in-
volved in.the fighting
claimed that not every-
body who puts on its
“T-shirt is their fol-
‘lower. The organisa-
, tion was denying that
‘its followers were re-
. Sponsible for an act of
violence.

I wonder if that or-

ganisation will also '
deny people wearing
, their T-shirts when.
| these, people go on
! praiseworthy cam-
aigns.



confrontations which occurred on the coast, at a site where a boat was tres-
passing on the sea, and was discovered.

He noted: "When these trespassers were discovered, they tried to divert their
course to the open sea, and the police, with weapons, fatally hit the two
crew members."

Robat Caisse also explained that, in April, a truck coming from Nampula which
was carrying 16 tires, 16 inner tubes and an additional 16 bags of flour was
apprehended. What happened was that, a short time later, the products were
diverted to Tanzania. The problem is being investigated in Pemba, in orde:
to find those implicated. .

2909
CSO: 3442/304

33



He congratulated the Armed Forces of Mozambique (FPLM) on their. decisive
contribution to the conquest of our independence and the preservation of
our country's sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Maj-Gen Mariano Matsinha addressed special congratulations to the population of
Niassa dn its endeavor and great dedication demonstrated by the consolidation
of our revolutionary conquests and by the exemplary fulfillment of our party's
directives.

The Niassa leader concluded his remarks with an appeal stating that the decisive
times in which our country is living require of all members of “our FRELIMO
Party the greatest dedication, combativeness and energy in carrying out the
party tasks, mobilizing and organizing the entire population in fulfillment

of the fundamental directives decided by the Fourth Congress."

Leader Matsinha remarked: "The plan of activities which we have devised and
approved is‘our working tool for attaining that goal."

2909
CSO: 3442/304

45



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

AGRICULTURE UNION EXPANSION CAMPAIGN--The Swaziland Agricultural and Plantations
Workers Union (SAPWU) (Usuthu branch) held its elections on the weekend. The
elections are part of the massive campaign being launched by the SAPWU to obtain
union membership throughout the country. So far, Ngonini Estates, Peak Timbers,
Libbys and tobacco plantation in Nhlangano are being sought for affiliation.

The Usuthu branch of the SAPWU is now to open negotiations with the Usuthu Pulp
company management for official recognition. During the elections, Mr Caleb
Nkonyane was elected chairman, his assistant is Mr Jan Sithole. Abbie Gama was
elected secretary and his vice is Mr Andreas Nkambule, Mr Bernard Ntshangase was
elected treasurer. Committee members are Brendene Masuku, Juaqim Dlamini and
Moses Mgabhi. [Text] [Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 6 May 85 p 5]

EXTRADITION TREATY WITH CHINA--There are indications that an extradition treaty
may be on the way between Swaziland and the Republic of China. The Commissioner
of Police, Mr Majaji Simelane returned from China yesterday and said there was a
possibility of establishing a criminal extradition treaty between the two
countries, He had been invited by that country's government for an exchange of
views on police administration and crime solutions. Mr Simelane said there are no
limits for crime and that. it exists everywhere and involves everybody. He said
the need to establish a criminal extradition treaty is enhanced by the cordial
relations existing between China and Swaziland which dates back at the time when
the late King Sobhuza II was alive. He maintained that police will work on

the footsteps of the agreements existing between the two countries. He was
shown various police institutions, equipment used-by that. country's police force
and many areas of policing. Mr Simelane described his tour as highly successful
and promised that a full text of his visit will be released soon by the police
public relations department. He was accompanied on his trip by his wife and
Senior Superintendent Francis Maphalala. Mr Simelane left Swaziland for China
on 6 May. [Text] [Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 17 May 85 pp 1, 3]

CSO: 3400/337

114



The National Party.can still say honestly that it regards white survival and
interests as a non-negotiable priority...And the day that it digresses from
that is the day it forfeits its own right to.exist. But that day is not in
sight. .

In the meantime, the NP and the government should seriously consider whether
the time is not right to openly and officially declare that it renounces and
rejects "apartheid." Then the burden -is on the shoulders of our enemies to
show that this is not the case, something that they will have trouble doing.
Because then they will have to explain what, is going on in South Africa and
will not be able to depend on the word apartheid as a magic formula denoting
everything that is loathsome and objectionable.

12271
cso: 3401/176

50



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FORMER 'BANDIT' COLLABORATORS INTEGRATED IN MAPINHANE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 May 85 p 2

[Text] At a rally held a few days ago, 20 former collaborators of the armed
bandits were introduced and integrated with the population of the communal
village of Mapinhane, in the district of Vilanculo, Inhambane.’

The rally was directed by the first secretary and administrator of Vilanculo,
Eduardo Gimo, who on that occasion announced the integration of the former ~
collaborators into the village. Members of the district committee secretariat,
defense and security, the mass democratic organizations and other ‘Party and
state cadres took part in the meeting.

According to Eduardo Gimo, the Mozambique Red Cross and the population of
Mapinhane will assist the newly integrated individuals with clothing and food.

The 20 former collaborators of the armed bandits were located in the Muhame
camp, situated on the border between Massinga and Vilanculo. They surrendered
to the Armed Forces of Mozambique, and the district military commander, Vasco
Goba, sent them to the district committee headquarters which, in turn, trans-
ferred them to the hospital, where they were given medical examinations.

Of the newly integrated group, 14 are youths of school age, who have already
been enrolled in the Mapinhane primary school. They are receiving assistance
from the party and state agencies in the form of military training:, to reinforce

their security.

At the meeting, Capt Crisanto Boca introduced an armed bandit who had been
captured in the locality of Mapinhane while engaged in a reconnaissance mission.
The bandit told the populace that he had joined the ranks of the armed bandits
in 1982, and operated in the Buchane, Ngonhane, Chissirirre.and Belane camps and
other areas, where the respective camps have now been destroyed by our forces.

2909
CSO: 3442/304

46



MIXED MARRIAGE CLASSIFICATION SPELLED OUT BY MINISTER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 May 85 p 11

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

THE children of a
White man who mar-
ries across the colour

line after the repeal of

the Mixed Marriages
Act will be classified as
“Cape Coloured”, re-
gardless of the race of
his wife. :

This is one of the con-
sequences of “legal”
mixed marriages, spelt
out by Mr Piet Baden-
horst, Deputy-Minister of
Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning.

In analysing the politi-
cal ‘and social implications

of mixed marriages, Mr-

Badenhorst said it had to
be remembered that the
population register was
the basis of the new dis-
pensation in regard to
exercising individual
rights. :

In terms of the Popula-

“tion Registration Act, the
children of a White father*

and a mother who was
Cape Coloured, Griqua,
Malay, Chinese, Indian,
“other Asian” or “other
Coloured” should be clas-
sified as “other
Coloured”.

Classified

However, since the
classification was no long-
er used because of objec-
tions from Coloured lead-

75

ers, the children would be
classified as Cape
Colouréd. “The Cape
Coloured — classification
has no geographical con-
notation,” said Mr. Ba-
denhorst.

In the case of a White
mother and a father be-
longing to any of these
groups, the child would
be classified in the
father’s ethnic group.

Where a White person
married a Black, the chil-
dren would be classified
as Cape Coloured regard-
less of which parént was
White and which was
Black.

“Children from a

White-Black —_ marriage
must, in terms of the 1950
Population Registration
Act, be classified in a
group of which neither
the father nor the mother
isa member.
+ “One can presume that
in practice, the children
will later be reclassified to
the group with which the
parents eventually asso-
ciate.

“This already happens
with the . children . of
Black-Coloured mar-
tiages, where the children
are classified as Xhosa,
Zulu and so on according
to the group with which
‘the parents associate, or
they are classified as Cape

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

Perhaps one positive effect of the most recent dispute is that the state: and
the farmer will now séek with greater earnest solutions to. all the problems.
And that some farmers will realize. that they must: make an effort to compete
on the open market. :

Grievances and protests about decisions affecting the farmer and his product
should under no circumstances turn into venom -and petulance. This made, the
most recent fight an unusually unpleasant. and bitter one. ‘Then there is also
unfortunately strong suspicion that politics played a role.

If one result of all these problems is that the-minister and NAMPO [National
Maize Producers’ Organization] come closer to a solution in the present nego~
tiations and in the future, then the fierce corn dispute was perhaps worth it.

Political Aspects
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 6 May 85 p 8
{Editorial: "Price Politics]

[Text] Naturally the corn farmers will deny that their campaign of protest
concerning the producer's price of their product was politically inspired.

Nor do we wish to allege this. .We do want to warn them that the danger of

their being taken along in.political tow is now more real than ever.

The language being used by their leaders and the actions being advocated are
of the type that invite confrontation with the government and are well suited
to certain political parties in particular. ‘This will also not be the first
situation to be exploited by both the Left and the Right against the government.

Ina grain elevator boycott, for example, the farmer can only lose. After all,
a government that has fought foreign boycotts for so many years may never and
will never allow this same weapon to be used against it by its ow people.
What sort of leaders or advisors are these who advocate such actions? And
whose interests are they in fact serving?

These are the sorts of questions for which the corn farmers must find answers
in the week that lies ahead.

No one can maintain that they are not suffering hardship. But even the most
hotheaded among them will have to acknowledge that the Nationalist government
has rushed to their aid every time. If this cannot happen this year to: the
same degree, then there must be good reasons: for it..°

Besides, they are not the only ones who are suffering. ‘And here we wish to

issue a warning that we have previously issued’ to farmers in general: they
should be careful with their pressure for state assistance not to create a

chasm between them and other South Africans. Many. businesses are going under ,
these days. No one-can help them. ‘And we already hear a murmuring: "Should

the unsuccessful farmer be subsidized at the expense of my survival?" This is
something else to which their leaders should pay attention~-if they are serious-
ly. and unselfishly concerned about the fate of the corn farmer.

85
12271
CSO: 3401/177



After enumerating the various areas of cooperation, such as furnishing paper for
school books and exploring for petroleum, he said his country is furnishing raw

materials for the plastics industry.

He said he felt that in cooperation programs priority should certainly be given
to furnishing assistance to factories that face a lack of production factors due
to scarcity of foreign exchange.

In further reference to cooperation programs, he said these have increased 40 per-
cent in the 1984-85 period. He said that last Friday his government allocated
funding of 10 million Norwegian kroner in addition to the extra donation given
for the purchase of diesel fuel in the aftermath of the storm that interrupted

energy supplies to Maputo.

In assistance to the Merchant Marine, Norway participates in water-resources pro-
grams and intraining of officers, as well as furnishing spare parts for vessels
in coastal gransport. He said that inauguration of the Seamanship School is
scheduled for 31 May, and that it will have the benefit of Norwegian assistance.

While in Maputo the Norwegian official met with Foreign Affairs Minister Joaquim

Chissano, Industry and Energy Minister Antonio Branco and State Secretary for
International Cooperation Antonio Sumbana, among others.

8834
CSO: 3442/290

40



PRETORIA'S ZAMBEZI WATER PLAN CRITICIZED

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 May 85 p 1

[Text ]

cso: 3400/315

BULAWAYO.

SOUTH AFRICA'S pro-
jected plan to divert
water from the Zam-
bezi_is a non-starter,
the Minister of Energy,
Water Resources and
Development, Cde Oli-
ver Munyaradzi, said in
an interview.

The Pretoria government
had not approached the

government on this, Cde’

‘Munyaradzi said, add-

ing ‘that it was some’

German engineer who
had suggested that it
was feasible for South

Africa to divert the’

Zambezi waters.

According to reports in
South African news-
papers, the Pretoria
government was at-
tempting to use the
Botswana government
in its bid to acquire
Zambezi water, but ac-
cording to the Helsinki
rules, South Africa was
not entitled to a share
of the Zambezi River
water,

Following Press reports
from South Africa, the
Senate suggested ‘that
“itis highly unlikely
that a Project of this
magnitude would be
implemented _ without.
first obtaining the
agreement of other

states within the Zam-

bezi River basin”

- END -

126

IJPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



500 RECRUITS SENT TO RSA MINE

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SWAZILAND

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 6 May 85 pp 1, 3

[Text]

cso:

Observer Reporter

A FRESH batch of
500 migrant workers
left Swaziland for
sHartebeesfontein
mine in South Africa.

This comes less
than a week | after
about 800 Swazi
miners were returned
home after a miners
strike action at the
Anglo-American gold
mines, in which 14

000 miners from
South Africa,
Lesotho, Mozambi-

que, Zimbabwe and
Zambia were sacked.

According to
Teba’s managing
director, Mr John
Oliver, the 500 miners
are to cover the im-
mediate shortfall in
manpower at the mine

_Where about 3000
miners were sacked in
the exodus.

He confirmed that
the miners left the
country last Thursday
for Hartebeesfontein.

3400/337.

Mr Oliver said
negotiations for the
return to South Africa
of the 800 discharged
miners .are still conti-
nuing.’ He said if
Anglo .American
agreed to their return,
it would be up to them
(miners) to consent.

Earlier, Mr Oliver

, went on record as say-

ing he was confident .

of the future of the
discharged miners

. Since it has been

established that they

* did not take part. in

the strike.
Mr Oliver was op-

: timistic that a ‘large

number of the
discharged’ miners

would ‘be allowed,

: back to work. He said
: his office and some of

the miners are par-
ticularly interested
in the negotiations
and are still waiting
for the outcome.

110

The strike is
reported to have cost
Anglo-American. the
world’s largest gold
mine, about E25m.

About seven weeks
ago, almost the entire
Vaal Reef complex’
workforce of more ;
than 40 000 miners °

* went on strike over |

the granting of salary
increases to a small !
number of monthly!
paid workers. coupled :
with a number’ of

‘other grievances.

They were then sent
home in buses in that
country’s largest
dismissal of workers.

Before boarding the
buses, the miners
queued up at .Ernest
Oppenheimer sports
ground for their pay-
ment.



SOUTH AFRICA'S POLICIES CONDEMNED DURING TALKS WITH YUGOSLAVS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 May 85 p 13

[Text]

cso: 3400/315

BELGRADE — Zim-
babwe’s Prime Minister,
Mr Robert Mugabe, and
Yugoslav Prime Minister
Milka Planinc yesterday
sharply condemned what
they called South Africa’s
‘aggressive and racist poli-

cies.

The two leaders urged
the international com-
munity to undertake
Measures to protect the
independence and sover-
eignty of Black Africa’s
group of Frontline states
which they said were con-
stantly endangered by
South Africa.

‘They said that in addit-
ion to threatening the
Frontline group compris-
ing Tanzania, Angola,
Mozambique, Zambia
and ‘Botswana, South
Africa was continuing an
illegal occupation of
South West Africa.

The call came in talks
and in toasts at an official
dinner which Prime Min-
ister Planinc gave in Mr
Mugabe's honour. The

119

Zimbabwean _ Premier,
who arrived in Belgrade
yesterday, will leave for
Romania today.

Sources close to the ,

two sides said Mr Mu-
gabe’s talks with the Yu-
gosav Prime Minister also
covered the situation else-
where in Africa, ways to
further improve bilateral
economic ties and major
international political and
economic problems.

Mr Mugabe, on his
third visit to Belgrade
since his country’s inde-

_ pendence in 1980, praised ”

‘Yugoslavia’s help in Zim-
babwean development
projects, particularly its
companies building a con-
ference centre in Harare
at a cost of R120 million.

Yugoslavia has been
supplying arms to Zim-
babwe under an agree-

* ment signed in 1981 dur-

ing Mr Mugabe's first
visit, but details of the
deal were never dis-
closed.

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS~SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

FARMERS TO BE PROTECTED FROM BANDITS

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 85 p 7

[Text] THE Government is under the SADCC arran- Cde Richard Hove, said
firmly resolved to pro- gement. everything was ‘being
tect farmers ggemnet Cée Muzenda, who was done within the present
banditry, the puty addressing a field day at economic constraints to
Prime Minister, Cde ‘Vuti in Karol, said: “Our meet the tractors and
Simon Muzenda, aid — ghort- and long-term goa spares needs of farmers.
yesterday. should be a He saig the Govern-

But he appealed to programme of education ment was “very con-
farmers to co-operate for ‘aspiring and practis- —geious’” of the fact that
with law enforcement ing farmers. the foreign exchange
agencies to enable them “Young people should — gtlocations for tractors
to go about their busi- be initiated into various ang spares had decreased
ness. of feeding the programmes of agricul- jn both nominal and real
nation. ent would tural eotivities to ulre terms, i

Governm: sure that ey acquire es =
work “fiat out” to ensure the necessary ‘know-how pacenent” costed the
that ell Zimbabweans and attitudes that go in- Po" strong national
could go about their dally , to making successful tractor fleet should be
business under stable : farmers.” 1700 units a year, only
conditions of | ‘Jasting He said that unless about 800 unity had been

and security”. farmers took up mew imported a year over the

Cde Muzenda said pro- ideas their grip on ex- last 10 years and last
ducerg should be forth- ternal markets could be year only 400 units were
right in carrying out Jost to competitors chas-
their national patriotic ing: export opportunities. It had been estimated
duty to. harness the “Any new technology  - that the commercial agri-
country's resources to that comes up needs to cultura? sector would
come up with enough for be gpread to all people, need 1053 tractors this
domestic consumption sald Cde Muzenda. year while the small-
and a surplus for export. “Hstabliched farmers, ex- scale and communal scc-

ities missed == ports and Government tor would need 400, all of
during | the | drought should strive to reach which would cost $29
ghould be used now to the growing community ‘million,
increase both the quan- of farmers.” However, in terms of
tity and quality of crops Addressing .the same current resources, only
for Zimbabwe to fulfil its meeting, the Minister of $13.1 mfllion would by
role of epocoming the ‘Trade ‘and “Commerce, _ available for tractors and
breadbasket - a lion spares,
a role it was accorded $25 million for

cso: 3400/314

124



JPRS-SSA-85-052

24 June 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

CAPE VERDE

Prime Minister Discusses Past.Progress, Future Role
(Pedro Pires Interview; DIARIO-DE NOTICIAS, 23 May 85)...

GHANA

Japanese Assistance Increases
(Poku Adaa; TALKING DRUMS, 13 May 85)..ssseesseeeeseenees

LESOTHO

Prime Minister Denies Destroying Opposition Parties
(THE COMET, 27 Apr 85) .cccceeceececcsescccccceseeceerenes

Country Needs 23 Million Dollars Against Drought
(THE COMET, 27 Apr 85) ccccccccccceccsscseetees

MOZAMBIQUE

Niassa Government Restricts Distribution of Supplies
(NOTICIAS, 7 May 85) .cccccececnecsececcenreceeeneneeceees

CAIA Director Reveals Causes of Low Production
(NOTICTAS, 8 May 85) .ccccecescerecscccccerenscccccesceses

Domestic Trade Employees Arrested in Rice Issue
(NOTICIAS, 8 May 85).......

CIFEL Plans To Reduce Imports
(NOTICIAS, 17 May 85) .cccscceccccecceescencsencseeseeees

Agro-Alfa Enterprise To Increase Output
| (NOTICIAS, 17 May 85).ceeecesesccnsccccceecenverececceeee

-a-

1

12

15

16

17

18

21

23

25



Aithough Middelburg Steel & Alloys
holds a local patent for the metal, it is
nevertheless encouraging develop-
ment and production abroad. At pre-
sent it is involved in discussions with
a major European producer. The ra-
tionale involved is simple: Chrome is
an important component of 3CR12.
Should the alloy meet with the
response abroad that Middelburg
Steet & Alloys anticipates, world-wide
chromium consumption could feasibly
be doubled within a five year period.
The spin-off for South Africa, which
holds 85% of world chromium
reserves, is obvious.

Prototypes are therefore operating
in the UK, Australia and the USA. This
would mean that while some steel
would be exported, Middelburg Steel &
Alloys primary target is really going to
be the exportation of the technology
involved, with the objéct of increasing
chromium exports.

Getting companies abroad to adopt
the technology could prove to be in-
teresting. For a while Middelburg Steel
& Alloys has been totally involved in
chromium production and has
therefore had the impetus and motiva-
tion to evolve an alloy such as 3CR12,
development overseas has been
restricted by an entrenched across-
the-board approach. On the one hand,
stainless steel producers have tended
to go upmarket in an attempt to get a
greater return per ton of output, while
mild steel producers, on the other
hand, have been loath to venture too
far upmarket due to a fear of getting
involved in a high technology steel
with its concomitant high capital in-
vestment costs.

As aresult of the lack of stimulation
in the middle market, the comparable
alloys that have been produced
abroad do not. compare well with
3CR12. For a start their weldability Is
largely-limited to thinner applications.

103

At 1800 - 1900 per ton, 3CR12 com-
pares favourably in capital expen-
diture terms with some of the quench-
ed and tempered steels. However, in
considering the economics involved,
total costs such as downtime,
maintenance and loss of production
expenditure have to be taken into ac-
count. Once these figures have been
added to the initial cost of galvanised
mild steel, Middelburg Stee! & Alloys

feels that 3CR12 is a better overall pro-
position.

A recent product produced by ~
South Africas developing metal
industry Is an alloy with many
of the characteristics of
stainless steel. This metal will
have a number of applications
In the military field. .

Production of the steel at the new
plant is at present running over 1000
timonth, with capacity for 4000 - 5000
tons per month. Capacity has increas-
ed significantly since the beginning of
1982, and Middelburg Steel & Alloys
feel confident that there witli be no pro-
blem in supplying an ever-increasing
demand.

Another major aspect of the R150
million extension at Middelburg Is that
a plant producing cold-rolled stainless
steel has enabled Middelburg Steel &
Alloys to supply a focal market which
has ; previously relied on imported
steel.

Prior to the new plant, Middelburg
‘Steel & Alloys was only prodicing a
hot-rolled steel with mainly industrial
applications. The ability to enter the
domestic cold-rolled market is no
small advantage, considering that the
traditional split between heavy and
light gauge consumption Is traditlonal-

+ ly about 1:3.

Middelburg Stee! & Alloys therefore
ensured a smooth transition from im-
ports to its locally produced product.
and that this has meant a saving ir
foreign exchange In the region of R4C
million p.a.



In commenting on this, the article states that history has shown that people
who gain power through violence are likely to lose it inthe same way.

In South Africa we have seen how generations of blacks have pleaded for a place
in the sun. Generations of white have refused this.

Afrikaners themselves have had to’ fight for their place in the sun. Afrikaners
have written about the injustices perpetuated against them. They have taken
up arms after nothing else was of avail. ©

The writer of the article says that he does not propose that dark-skinned
citizens follow this road. However, he notes that rightist Afrikaners have
recently said that Afrikaners fought for what they have and that if blacks
want to take over, then they must fight for it. This type of attitude is
irresponsible and inflammatory, according to the article.

The article says that the duty of people such as "Fedup en Dik" of Kempton
Park is to tell and Dr Andries Treurnicht and his followers that the country
is heading for disaster if their racist policy continues.

No one wants to see schools or anything else burning. No one wants people to
be killed.

The ball is in the court of white South Africa to change this. Not because
of fires and deaths, but because they recognize. that blacks belong in this
country, and that blacks are demanding their God-given right to live here in
peace.

12271
cso: 3401/206

63



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EFFECT OF REFORMS ON NP SUPPORT DESCRIBED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND ‘in Afrikaans 9 May 85 p 10
[Editorial: "No White South Africa"]

[Text] It is true that Minister Chris Heunis' acknowledgement that there is
no such thing as a white South Africa is going to cost the National Party [NP]
votes, even a lot of votes, as Conservative Party member of parliament Mr Louis
Theunissen predicts.

Nor is this the only thing that will cost the NP votes. Mr Theunissen could
have added to the list the acknowledgement in the new NP policy document that
it has made mistakes in the past; President P. W. Botha's acceptance of power—
sharing; Minister Heunis' acknowlédgement that blacks, whites, coloreds and
Asians in SA are all one nation.

However, the votes that the NP is going to lose are votes that it cannot afford
to keep. They are the votes of people, including good Afrikaners, who are
reaching for the unattainable, who want to preserve the unpreservable, who are
still thinking within the framework.of an Afrikaner dream which all our strug
gle, work and endeavors in the past could not bring into being.

Even though they.are abandoning it, the National Party should not reject these
people. We must have understanding for the disenchantment, the bitterness and
the refusal to accept reality, which is caused by disillusionment and intense
disappointment. Most ‘of them will with time overcome their emotional reaction
and accept reality, especially as the new dispensation gets under way and proves
itself as being for the benefit of whites and Afrikaners as well.

However, the National Party could scarcely continue trying to pretend that it
is pursuing the old course, that what is now going on is merely an extension
of its old policy. First of all, this is conspicuously not the case. And
secondly, pretending to be preserving the old attitude becomes a stumbling
block for reform, since it can then be said at home and abroad that the NP it-
self acknowledges that it is still standing by "apartheid." As it is, our
enemies are attempting, with too much success, to purport that this is in fact
the case, and too many of our own blacks believe this as well.

49



CAPABILITIES, WEAKNESSES OF AIR FORCE EXAMINED

JPRS-SSA-85-052

24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English May 85 pp 13, 15

[Article by Paul Grober]

[Text]

“The South African airforce is the
Strongest airforce in Africa and is
Stronger than any other force or com-
bination of forces on the Continent.”
This claim has been made on televi-
sion, over the radio, in magazines and
in newspapers. Not once, but many
times. Thousands of South Africans
have heard it. Some may even believe
it. Frankly, | do not. Without even trying,
| can think of some combinations of
Airforces that can spoil our whole day.!
think the time has arrived to take a
critical and objective look at the pre-
sent capabilities of the SAAF,

The threat against South Africa has
been discussed many times, so | shal!
give only a short overview. Angola, the
strongest of the so-called front line
states, increased her fighter strength
by over 300% in the last 3 years. Cur-
rently, Angola operates Mig 15, 17, 19,
21MF 21bis and Mig 23’s, and she is
about to receive sorne Su 22's. Zirn-
babwe is also expanding and is buying
F7 (Chinese Mig 21) and Orao fighters.
Mozambique, Zambia and Tanzania all
have Mig 21's, And then there is Libya.
Why do | mentioned Libya? After all,
Libya is 5000 km away from us. The
reason is simple. Most of the aircraft in
Libyan service are Libyan in name only,
They are flown by Russia, East German

98

and other expatriate pilots and is under
direct Soviet control. This is the USSR’s
so-called African stockpile, for use
wherever they may be needed. It is not
unthinkable that some of these fighters
may be sent to reinforce black Air-
forces before any attack against SA.
This will create massive problems for
our small number of Mirages. (The Li-
byan arsenal consists of + 500
fighters, mostly Mig 23's, 25’s and Su
22's. :

Two other factors are very disturb-
ing. Firstly, the USSR is taking into ser-
vice a range of new fighters, the Su 27,
Mig 29 and Mig 31. This means that in
future more and more “obsolete” Mig
23 and 26’s will be given freely to
African states. (Small numbers of the
latest generation fighters may be sold
to or “presented” to them as well.)
Secondly, the USSR is building her first
real aircraft carriers. The days when
there was no air threat from the South
is thus rapidly coming to an end.

But what is the present Capability of
our airforce? Unfortunately, security
legislation forbids the publishing of
any numbers. In fact, the SADF have
never released any important figures.
So, we have to rely on information from
Flight International, The Military
balance, etc. If these figures are cor-
fect, we are indeed in very big trouble.
The number of front-line fighters is



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CIFEL PLANS TO REDUCE IMPORTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 May 85 p 3

[Text] Coordination of efforts to overcome the emergency situation resulting from
natural calamities and problems caused by armed banditry is important so that in
a later phase the stage of recovery can begin and solid foundations can be laid
for the development of Mozambican industry.

Among the efforts the nation is making to rehabilitate our industry, an important
one is the work of the Industrial Foundry and Rolling Mill Company (CIFEL), which,
in producing iron and steel, is expected to give a real boost to the nation's
future steelmaking performance.

CIFEL's managing director, Octavio Muthemba, told NOTICIAS recently that the com-
pany is constantly striving to reduce imports of materials and is now collaborating
with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) to better
assure the development of the industry.

In 1982 CIFEL produced its first steel ingots after a period of experiment and
introduction of improved techniques, an activity that had the collaboration of
the UNIDO. This operation produced ingots weighing about 120 kg and about 1.2
meters in length.

Last year CIFEL bought some equipment for steel casting, including a traveling
crane with a 10-ton capacity.

Octavio Muthemba said his company and UNIDO have a project to improve rolling-mill
output, including technical assistance to the company, so that ingot output--where
Romania is also cooperating--can be increased to about 50,000 tons annually.

It is stressed that in the casting process using scrap iron and cast iron as essen-
tial raw materials an electric furnace is used that the company has had for some
time. Among the essential components of this process are the ingot molds, which
were built by the workers with the assistance of technicians hired by the UNIDO.

CIFEL believes that conducting occupational training programs is of particular

importance so that the workers may in fact stay abreast of the development of the
Mozambican iron and steel industry.

23



The schedule for corn in the Angonia district requires that planting begin on
1 November, which would have implied that plowing should have begun in June and
July, to be followed by harrowing, which was not possible in the 1984-85 crop year.

As an alternative to overcome the fuel problem, Arnaldo Ribeiro said that there
are areas where there was only one plowing, followed immediately by planting,

and there are areas where only harrowing was done, followed immediately by plant-
ing, to say nothing of the areas where planting was done without even clearing
the land.

Arnaldo Ribeiro did not fail to mention the problems of minor impact that were
influential in preventing cultivation of 5,000 hectares, as the company intended,
such as lack of spare parts for tractors and a labor shortage, among others.

At the time, the company had only 700 workers in the field, compared with the
2,000 workers needed to assure adequate production.

The excessive rain occurring this year in the Angonia district also affected
production at the agro-industrial complex... There were weeks when neither tractors
nor personnel could enter the fields due to the heavy rain.

Potato Production

In the case of the potato crop, production factors, technical means and rain were
of equal influence. As told by Director Arnaldo Ribeiro, there was a problem of
planting: as there was no fuel during during June, there was no planting during
July.

So the seed potatoes that had been harvested in March 1984 remained in the ware-
houses for a period of 7 to 8 months, eventually being spoiled. The loss of
seed potatoes last year amounted to about 8,000 contos.

A careful selection was made among the spoiled potatoes and enough seed potatoes
were found to plant 75 hectares of potatoes in the early season, which is negli=
gible for the company. During the rainy season this unit planted 300 hectares

of potatoes.

The seed used in the 75 hectares will not assure good prospects for sharvesting.
Its early germination was very weak.

The situation for corn and potato production in the early season is very dismal.
Production is really very poor and will result in food shortages, especially in
the city of Tete and areas affected by the drought.

Alternative Program

In view of its failure to comply with the overall production plan for the 1984-85
crop year, CAIA is trying to assure output of some crops by the end of the crop
year.

For this purpose, a production program has been prepared for planting 325 hectares
of Rhine potatoes, 250 hectares of sweet potatoes, 200 hectares of wheat and 200

19



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW METAL WILL HAVE MANY APPLICATIONS IN MILITARY FIELD

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English May 85 p 20

[Text]

Middelburg Steel & Alloys, part of
the Barlow Rand Organisation recent:
ly completed a R150 million expan-
sion programme to its Middelburg
Steel plant. Part of the extensions is a
rolling mill which produces an exciting
new alloy ~- 3CR12 —- which has ex-
tensive applications in the mining,
chemical and general fabricating in-
dustry.

3CR12 is a corrosion-resisting steel
developed to fill a gap in the materials
market between mild steel at the one
end, and the more sophisticated
stainless steels at the other.

The new metal is basically a 12%
chromium steel which. has been
modified to give it the optimum grain
size and metallurgical properties
which will allow sound structural

. welds, while at the same time retain-
ing the corrosion, heat and abrasion
resistance expected form a 12%
chromium steel.

It Is designed for use in those areas
where wet abrasion or scaling at high
temperatures would preciude the use
of carbon and mild steel.

3CR12 is not meant to.replace the
use of conventional stainless steels
such as the 304, 316 grades in applica-
tions where these steels are already
used. On the other hand, replacement
areas will be painted steel, rubber-
lined: steel, galvanised steel and

. Similar coated steels.

102

3CR12’s prime value to industry lies in
its. corrosion resistance. Tests con-
ducted by various institutions, “in-
cluding the CSIR, has shown that
there is a marked increase in corro-
sion and wet abrasion resistance with
the 12% Cr steel.

3CR12 has proved to be highly
useful as flooring systems and hand
rails. The flooring being standard as
solid plate, egg grating and expanded
metal. All these flooring ‘types’ have
Proven highly successful in corrosive
and wet abrasive areas,

The use of cable support systems
and electrical boxes has been growing
substantially over the last few years.
3CR12 takes the heavy punishment en-
countered in the mining and chemical
industry’in its stride, while the mild
Steel life is greatly reduced by the
severe Conditions.

More than a thousand 3CR12 pro-
totypes have been tested in various in-
dustries and conditions. In addition to
these prototypes, extensive technical
investigations are continually . being
conducted by various institutions.

These investigations. gave Mid-
delburg Steel & Alloys as well as other
South African researchers a head start

in the area of low cost corrosion
resisting chrome steels.



In fact, production of the "Xirico' model, begun in 1980, besides increasing output
threefold, represents a technological advance, as the main objective derived from
the need to provide greater information coverage to all the population, most of
whom live in the countryside and do not know how to read.

Electrical Transformers: Another Advance?

Mozambique and the German Democratic Republic are studying the possibility of
producing electrical transformers in our country to overcome the serious shortage
of batteries for radios and other electronic equipment.

This program, according to comments by the company's management, will permit the
public--those that live in the city--to in fact have radio sets, without inter-
ruption due to lack of batteries.

No Radios in Market

For anyone living in the nation's capital (but not only them) the lack of radios
continues to be a harsh reality. In effect, all the output of radios, as mentioned
above, is mostly channeled to ZUID and a few other distributing firms.

A meeting led by Julio Carrilho, minister of construction and water, held with the
workers of the Electronic Appliance Factory and of the FADEL kerosene-lamp plant,
helped to clarify the matter.

One worker insisted it would be necessary to distribute radios to the population
without intermediaries. Now the distributors have been picking up the sets at
the factory gate and then circulating in the market. But the radio market they
serve extends to some neighboring countries.

Radios: Technological Advance

The production of radios and receivers in Mozambique can be
divided into three distinct periods. The first 5-year period,
from 1973 through 1977, saw 8 private factories producing 174,000
sets, which is 35,000 per year and 4,400 per factory annually.

The second period refers to 1978-79, with 3 private companies
and the FAE (Electronic Appliance Factory) producing a total of
66,000 sets, the equivalent of 33,000 annually. About 50 percent
of the output was from FAE.

The third period is that running from 1980 through 1984, with
production of the "Xirico" radio set by the FAE, totaling 500,000
radios, which corresponds to 100,000 sets annually. This rate
of production is equivalent to a tripling of annual production
in comparison with the previous periods.

8834
csO: 3442/302

31



Mr Johnson said the

Mozambican route is
considered the cheapest
means of getting sugar to.
the port, however, there
has also been the pro-
blem of dissident activity
which has also con-
tributed in the derail-
ment.

He said it would not
be economical to
transport the goods via
Durban port because of
the great expense involv-
ed.

Fewer
trains

He said the associa-
tion has held consulta-
tions with the CSM,
Mozambican Railways
to seek a solution to the
problem which he said
has cost his association
considerate sums of
money.

This has resulted in
fewer trains arriving

csO: 3400/337

from Mozambique
meaning exports of
fewer tons of sugar to
the ports.

“If the world prices
were higher. we would
consider finding an alter-
native route to transport
the sugar. So far it is
easicr 10 absorb the addi-
tional costs.’*

Artificial sweetners
have also played the role
in reducing the sugar
demands in the world
market. said Johnson.

Since the demand for
sweetners has ‘increased,
Swaziland has had her
quota reduced.

The grim’ situation in
Swaziland cannot be
changed in the
foreseeable future unless
disaster befalls

Swaziland's competitors
in the world market.
“The Swaz"-nd sugar
industry is on. Me
most efficient in the
world. It is expected that
it will survive the present

crisis. But this will only
happen on the revenue
je by maximizing
returns by taking advan-
tage of any improvement
that occurs in crisis of
ihe future market and
increase domestic use of
our high quality pro-
duct. .

In the areas of ex-
penses, it is necessary for
the association and ‘its
members to take majors
to keep costs increases to
an absolute minimum.

Critical

* The position is critical
and. any failure to
recognise this and not
take remedial -majors
could be disastrous for
the largest industry in
Swaziland.

‘112



JPRS-SSA-85-052
H 24 June 1985

SOUTH. AFRICA

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF CULTURAL COUNCIL .REPLACED
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 30 May 85 p 1
[Article: "Cultural Council: Entire Executive Committee Replaced"]

[Text] The entire executive council of the Bloemfontein
Cultural Council, which earlier this year allowed affilia-
tion with. branches of the Afrikaner People's. Sentinel (AV),
was replaced yesterday evening.

The election at the annual meeting of the Cultural Council was marked by
attempts to have rightist candidates elected to the executive committee. How-
ever, the more than 100 delegates voted overwhelmingly in favor of an entirely
new executive committee.

At the meeting, which lasted more than four hours, the constitution of the
Cultural Council was altered extensively to prevent. branches of the AV from
automatically becoming members of the FAK [Federation of Afrikaans Cultural
Societies]. Several points of criticism were also directed at the departing
executive committee.

Ousted

The new executive committee consists of Professor Jan Senekal (chairman),
Professor Pierre Therron (vice-chairman), Dr Frik van Heerden (secretary),
Mr Buks Fouche (treasurer), and Mr T. D. Potgieter, Mr Jan Stemmet and Mrs
Nicolene Swanepoel (additional members).

Professor Johann Strauss, who was ousted yesterday evening from the post of
chairman and member of the executive committee, ran unsuccessfully for three
offices. He was nominated for all three by Mr Alex Danzfuss, a known CP
(Conservative Party] supporter.

Other candidates who did not make it were Mr Jan Lambrechts, Mr Pikkie Louw,
Mr Alex Danzfuss and Professor J.-C. Lombard.

There was initially confusion about who was allowed to vote.

55



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SWAZILAND

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 17 May 85 p 6

[Excerpt]

CsO: 3400/337

a
@ To promote research

Observer so as to provide useful
‘eporter and relevant information

ON Tuesday this week

the Minister of
Finance, Mr Sibusiso
Diamini officially
launched the newly
formed Economic
Association of
Swaziland (ECAS) in
a colourful ceremony
held at the Yen Saan
hotel. Like all associa-
jtions, the Economic
Association of
Swaziland has objec-
tives which are. as
follows:

@ To provide a forum

for discussing economic
issues, particularly as
they affect Swaziland’s
development.

@ To publish papers of
interest to economists
and others interested in
the- economic develop-
ment of Swaziland.

@ To establish links
with relevant organisa-
tions beth inside and
outside Swaziland for
purposes of pursuing
Swaziland’s develop-
ment. :

NEW ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION INAUGURATED

to decision makers.
@ To promote interac-
tion among economists
in the public sector,
private sector and
academic institutions.
The draft constitution
of the association states
the following facts on
membership:
@ There shall be two
types of membership-
namely full and
associate.

@ Full membership
shall be open to anybody
who has had at least one
economics course from a
university or similar in-
stitution.

@ Associate member-,
ship shall: be open to
anybody without a for-
mal economics training.

@ Membership is
granted upon payment
of the annual subscrip-
tion fee referred to in
Clause 4,

109



HEUNIS EXPLAINS REPEAL OF MIXED POLITICAL PARTIES BAN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 May 85 p 3

[Article. by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

THE National Party is
unlikely to open its
doors to people of
colour when the 16-
year-old ban on mixed
political parties is lift-
ed.

The Conservative Party

‘will also remain an all-

White body, but the other
six major political parties
in Parliament all say they
will open their mem-
bership once the Political
Interference Act goes.

Mr Chris Heunis, Min-
ister of Constitutional
Development and Plan-
ning, announced at the
weekend the Govern-
ment’s intention to repeal
the Act.

“Since the enactment
of the Act, circumstances
have changed drastically.
In terms of the constitut-
ion, Whites and the
Coloured and - Indian
communites now have
equal political rights,” Mr
Heunis said.

But, he added, the re-
peal of this law ‘did not
mean that the Govern-
ment had deviated from
its principle that all
groups should participate
in decision-making as
groups.

Mr Heunis made it
clear that with the Act’s
repeal, Blacks would also
be allowed to join “open”

73

political parties.

The Minister said he
proposed to introduce the
new legislation this ses-
sion. However, since it
must then go to the
Standing Committee on
Constitutional §Develop-
ment and Planning, it is
not yet certain that the
Bill will go through alll its
Stages at the present ses-
sion, due to end on June
15.

Although people of any
colour may then support
any political party, the
new constitution and the
Electoral Act contain
provisions that only a per-
son of the relevant race
group may be nominated
as a candidate for one of
the three Houses — the
House of Assembly
(White), House of Rep-
resentatives (Coloured)
and House of Delegates
(Indian).

Dr Christoffel van der
Merwe, political scientist,
(NP, Helderkruin) and
NP information officer,
told The Citizen that he
did not believe the aboli-
tion of the Act would
bring about any dramatic
changes in the country’s
present political struc-
tures.

Political parties were
now free to form informal
alliances. While the aboli-

JPRS-SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AGRO-ALFA ENTERPRISE TO INCREASE OUTPUT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 May 85 p 3

[Text] The Mozambican agricultural-implement company, Agro-Alfa, headquartered

in Maputo, intends to produce 12,000 machines this year of different types for

the agricultural sector, such as animal-traction plows and wheels, manual grinders,
trucks and mechanical-traction plows and ditchdiggers. This production plan repre~-
sents approximately a threefold increase in comparison with the previous year,
when the company produced 5,000 machines. Starting in 1987, Agro-Alfa hopes to
have annual production of 24,000 machines of 16 different types. The efforts for
increasing production are part of the program of industrial rehabilitation and
Agro-Alfa is being helped by a Swedish company of the same industry.

Agro-Alfa resulted from the 1978 merger of five companies in the same industry,
all based in Maputo, namely MENDOL, FORPOR, ETNA, JAMEL and Justino Fernandes.
It now has three plants devoted to production and assembly of components.

Its importance in the nation's economy results from its close complementarity
with the effort of agricultural producers, as it makes a variety of agricultural
machines and implements, namely animal-traction plows and wheels, harrows, manual
grinders, trucks and mechanical-traction plows and ditchdiggers. Agro-Alfa

also intends to produce other supplies for the sector.

Jose Goncalves, the company's managing director, feels that the company's gradual
development since 1978 has been important to the programs our country has been
developing recently in the field of industrial rehabilitation; .just as important
is the fact that the company is exclusively devoted to production of agricultural
implements intended to help the peasants in the struggle to improve production.

It is to be stressed that the ‘industrial rehabilitation programs include activi-
ties to implement small projects to aid agriculture such as a small factory in
Beira for making hoes as well as installation of a foundry in Maputo to specialize
in production of agricultural hand tools. The latter is another project associ-
ated with Agro-Alfa.

Production of farm implements at Agro-Alfa is to be aided by the Swedish firm

AB Overums Bruk on the basis of an agreement signed between Mozambique and SIDA
(Swedish International Development Authority).

25



CONSERVATIONIST FIGHTS COAL MINING NEAR UMFOLOZI

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 31 May 85 p 11

[Text]

cso:

3400/335

DURBAN. — - Natal:

Parks Board officials are
angry and bitter that a
company has been grant-
ed the right to mine coal
near‘ the world famous
Umfolozi Game Reserve
and that another com-
pany has been granted
prospecting rights in the
Hluhluwe corridor in Zu-
‘and.

* is ‘known that the
weld famous conserva-
tiomst, Mr Ian Player,
who was recently appoint-
ed to the board of the
Parks Board, went to the

thighest levels to try and
prevent the mining opera-
tion get. . off the

* ground.

According to’ Dr John
Vincent, a director of the
Parks Board, :tk va.
pany is due to sta a
tions before the «=. of
the year to the west ot the

Umfolozi River and near
‘the world famous wild life
sanctuary.

He said it was a tragedy
for nature conservation-
ists that mining would be
allowed in the area.

‘It went without saying

91

that the operation would
disturb the balance of
nature, would chase away
bird and wild life and
would ruin many of the
areas which had remained
intact since the area had

_ been proclaimed a nature

reserve.

‘He forecast that the air
would become polluted,
that the river itself would
also become polluted.

IJPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



by someone else, and not a development of our own. Now in this area, we want
to have a development that is actually our own. I admit that we have acted
slowly, that we could have accomplished more and better; that is possible.
Despite everything, I-don't think that this marking time-was bad. From now
on, we shall be in a better position to Progress more rapidly.

I repeat, we attach a great deal of importance to the sector, and we also have
great hopes for it. In the fishing area, we intend to develop a native capacity
that will later be able to meet our needs.

Communications Are an Extremely Important Element

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Mr Prime Minister, you mentioned earlier the geographical
situation as a serious factor imposing conditions on Cape Verdian society.
Hence, communications in general and the news media in particular constitute
an extremely important vehicle for the development itself. What has the
government actually done in that area? :

Pedro Pires: I think that we have also progressed considerably in that area.

In the field of telecommunications, let's say, our country has a normal connec-
tion with other countries. We have a project under way that will make it
possible to have a considerable telephone network, both inside each island

and in the link between the different islands. It is an extremely important
factor.

In the realm of air connections, we-lack only a daily connection with one
island: Ilha Brava. The others are all connected, and the Brava ‘runway is
already under construction. We are improving the. Boavista, Fogo and Maio
runways, and we have already improved ‘the Sao Nicolau runway. We have built
a new one on Ilha de Santo Antao; we have improved the one on Praia greatly;
and we intend to improve the one on Sao Vicente. The Praia runway now has
lighting, which facilitates the connection with Sal and with other countries.
Our aviation company is also operating normally.

With regard to the ocean connections, we have a fleet which ensures the coun—
try's connections with other nations and the inter-island connections. In

the area of ocean transportation, I.don't think the situation is bad either;
we might even say that the communications between the islands are being
carried out in a rather satisfactory manner. We don't mean by this that the
connections are good, because we are still lacking some elements, namely, the
materialization of the project to purchase a ferryboat’,, which will make the
regular connection between all the islands. With respect ‘to ports, we also
have a program. At the present time, the port of Praia is under reconstruction;
the port of Palmeiras is under construction; and we have a program’on Ilha do
Sal for the port of Sao Nicolau. Later we shall attend to’the one of Boavista,
the development .of which is in the study phase,

The most complicated case is the Port of Fogo, which:was destroyed by the sea.
Both in connection with this one and the port of Brava, we are preparing the



cso:

3400/309

tion would open the way
for formal alliances, he
did not see this as likely in
the immediate future.
Asked about section 36
of the constitution, which
bars any political party
from putting up candi-
dates under the same par-
ty banner for elections to
different Houses, he
pointed out that two
members of the House of

. Delegates (Indian) were

members of the Coloured
Labour Party. They were
present in the Indian
chamber as “‘indepen-
dents”.

“There is still uncer-
tainty over this clause,
but it is so easily circum-
vented that 1 think it will
also go,” Dr Van Der
Merwe said.

If this clause too disap-
peared, then any political
party could enter candi-
dates for election to any

of the three houses.
Questioned on the
possibility of the National

Party opening its mem-
bership to all races, Dr
Van der Merwe said:
“The matter has never
been discussed in the Nat-
ional Party and only party
congress can decide such
a matter. However, I be-
lieve it is very doubtful.

“We are happy to work
with the majority parties
in the other Houses with-
out trying to form a ma-
jority: in all three
Houses.”

The Conservative Party
is adamant on remaining
an all-White party. But all
the other major parties
have welcomed the in-

74

tended repeal on mixed
parties, the PFP and NRP
in the House of As-
sembly, Labour Party and
Democratic Workers’
Party in the House of
Representatives, and the
National People’s Party
and Solidarity in the
House of Delegates.

Dr J N Reddy, leader
of * Solidarity, denied
weekend newspaper re-
ports that Solidarity was
to merge with the PFP.

“Tt hasn’t even been
discussed. The announce-
ment that the Jaw would
be repealed was only
made at the weekend. To
speculate on future action
is absolutely premature,”
he told The Citizen in an
interview.

The Labour Party has
also denied newspaper re-
ports that it plans to form
an election pact with the
PFP.

The Labour Party lead-
er, the Reverend Allan
Hendrickse, said: “The
Labour Party has not had
talks with any political
party in the country about
the possibility of forming
alliances so that elections
_can be formed on a com-
mon front.

“There are obviously
many points on which the
party agrees with other

“political parties, but this

does not’ mean that it
would form pacts or alli-
ances with these parties.

* “We will fight elections
where we believe we
stand a chance. of win-

ning.”



Certain of those who campaign for economic sanctions against South Africa are
quick to say how prepared the masses would be to make "sacrifices." Those who
take this stand--and they usually lack for nothing themselves--claim that the
"oppressed masses" already endure such tribulations that it does not matter to
them if they have to suffer still greater ones.

Is It True?

Is this true? Are South Africa's black workers so utterly without hope for a
better future that they are deliberately ready to plunge their families into
the greatest misery for one, two or ten years (Who knows how long?)? Do they
believe that if everything here crumbles into a heap of ruins one day, a pros-
perious utopia will rise up from it the next?

Authoritative surveys have already shown the contrary, of course, but to hear
Bishop Tutu and others on their trips abroad arousing people's feelings against
South Africa, one would never think that they are aware of these facts. They
make it sound as if greater poverty is welcome and will actually be a pleasant
experience for the Blacks.

But perhaps: it is not only an economic argument that forced the conclusion yes-
terday. Perhaps the reason is that further disruption will serve the interests
of no one, either socially or politically.

Have we not here seen evidence of that great majority that they so easily drag
along in order to create a chaos? Is it not proof of a positive attitude that
still exists and that contains hope for the future, provided we continue to
build on it?

Unions

Perhaps it is even an indication of how Blacks are beginning to tire of the
chronic unrest in the nation. A propos of this, in recent years there have
been signs that workers are not staying off the job any more so readily as was
true earlier. Perhaps some of them have learned that they are the ones who
suffer every time, and that that is not the way to reach one's goal.

Another factor that cannot be overlooked is that the black unions' large-scale
efforts to manipulate the workers have backfired. It does not look as if they
yet possess the power that they so readily assume for themselves.

Still a Chance

There must, of course, be acceptance that these efforts will be sustained. The
possibility exists that henceforth the black unions will be used more and more
for political and other purposes, even though they could not handle such a role
yesterday.

Out of yesterday's events, one major deduction must be made: the time is not
ripe for reasonableness, although the radicals say that it is. Let opportunity
be grasped with both hands, in order to assure that unreasonableness and dis-
ruption of communication do not get the upper hand.

8117
CSO: 3401/203 80



In the realm of the economy, taking into account the solution to the most
pressing problems, because we have not yet managed to create the conditions
that could be regarded as irreversible for development’ (there are shortcomings
which are structural), we shall have ‘to do a great deal of work, invest a great
deal and achieve a great deal. In spite of everything, the results have been
encouraging. With the international assistance, we have succeeded in resolving
a group of problems; so that, at present, we no longer have the serious problems
existing in other countries, for example, involving supplies.

The most pressing problems, those, have been solved, Now, we intend to lay the
groundwork for development. We are concerned with a production project which
we think we shall be able to resolve. So, the results have been positive.

We have problems in the. social realm also; but, it must be admitted, they have
been more or less resolved. Now, it will be merely a matter of resources and
time.

We think that our country has progressed a great deal in cultural aspects as
well although, viewing culture in its erudite definition, perhaps but little
has been done in that respect. However, considering culture in its technical
aspect, that is, technical-occupational training, leadership ability, the
ability to conceive, so to speak, I think that we have progressed greatly.
Furthermore, if we view the policy on culture from a different standpoint,
namely, that of the population's general cultural level, it is remarkably
higher than it was 10 years ago. And this is a very important element for
the country's development and for the promotion and guarantee of development ;
because the people will be better able.to perceive, and to learn the scope of
the measures and the requirements.

Considerable Progress Has Already Been Made in Battling Illiteracy

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: One of the main features of the government's cultural and
educational policy at the present time is combating the illiteracy that still
remains. What is the deadline set for its total eradication?

Pedro Pires: We have a deadline, which has been. more or less indicated: 1990.
However, I did not want to cite dates because, for one reason or another,
sometimes we cannot meet the established deadlines. What I do say is that
considerable ‘progress has already been made in battling illiteracy, always
bearing in mind that there is much that cannot be done with the illiterate
person. -In order. to progress in the areas of rural development, and coopera-
tivism, in short, for better management of the domestic economy, we do, in
fact, need minimal training. The entire reform of the sociéty and its develop-
ment, therefore, demand that the agent of that reform have minimal training.

It is a requirement for development.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: You said earlier that the groundwork for development would
be laid. I would like to know, in this’ connection, what groundwork is consi-

dered a priority at present.



On the same occasion
the Indvuna of the
Tinkhundla Mr Mndenj°
Shabalala called upon
the nation of register
“people they are staying
with illegally before the
end of this month.

Mr Shabalala
;pointed out that it was
dangerous to keep
unknown people without
Teporting their presence
to the tindvunas of your
area.

“You might ex-
perience difficulties
when such people die,‘
because you cannot bury ~
strangers in a foreign -
Jand. It might put you in
a very bad position.

“If such people were
registered and happens
that they die, you will be

held responsible,” he
warned.

He noted that some

people were not taking the
Tinkhundla system
serious and wondered
why because it was
established by the late
King Sobhuza 11.

He reminded people
“of Lubuli to work hard
and be united if the}
country is to come out
with something con-
structive,

The Indvuna mention-
ed that at one stage the
tinkhundla system slow-
ed down. This is because
its funds were withheld
and the system was

‘blocked.

“Thanks to the pre-
sent government who
made it possible for the
Tinkhundla to get off

the ground again,” he
said. .

cso: 3400/337

108



AMENDMENTS TO MIXED PARTIES ACT PUBLISHED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 85

[Text]

cso:

3400/334

* Constitutional

“CAPE TOWN. — A Bill

amending the Political In-
terference Act to allow all
races to join any political
party was published yes-
terday.

According to a memor-
andum attached to the
Affairs
Amendment Bill, the
legislation repeals the
provisions of the Political

‘Interference Act which

prohibit interference by
one population group in
the. politics of another
group.

Arising from the an-
nouncement that provin-
cial councils will be abol-
ished in 1986, the Bill also

. provides that casual vac-

ancies in provincial coun-
cils will not be filled.

A further provision
defers local government
elections until 1988.

Section two of the Pol-
itical Interference Act,
together with section one,
prohibits mixed political
parties, electoral assist-
ance across the colour
line and mixed political

meetings. This now falls ,

away.

Another section pro-
hibiting political parties
from receiving financial
support from another
country remains with
steeply increased penal-
ties for offenders.

Fines for receiving fi-
nancial assistance from

abroad are increased -
from a maximum of R600

to R3 000 for first offend-
ers and from R2000 to
R10 000 for second or
subsequent offences.

A clause which stipu-
lates that no prosecutions
will be instituted without
the express direction of
the Attorney General has

| been dropped. — Sapa.

78

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA .-


Local industry cagtherefore loot
forward to a readily accessible pro
duct with a much reducing leadtime
while the country as a whole wil
benefit from the strategic importancc
of not having to rely an overseas sup
pliers.

Pricing is competitive, while at thr
same time ensuring an adequat:
return on a major capital Investment.

Middelburg Steel & Alloys constan:
ly liaises with industry while structu
ing and developing its developmer:
programmes. It therefore feels cont
dent of a positive reception for both It
stainless steel and its new 3CR12.

CSO: 3400/348 °

104



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT FIGURES GROSSLY INACCURATE, MEANINGLESS
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 May 85 p 15

[Text]

Unemployment figures
for blacks in South Af-
rica are “grossly inaccu-
‘rate’ and meaningless.”
‘ White unemployment
thas risen rapidly during
the recession but the fig-
ure is lower than for
other races.

A study of employ-
ment, released by the
Trade Union Council of
SA (Tucsa) shows that
unemployment among
all races has risen

Sharply, but official sta-
tistics do not accurately
reflect the situation
since they are based
only on the number of
fegistered jobless.

‘Trade unions and aca-
demics have in the past
disputed unemployment
figures released by the
government, while unof-

ficial reports have esti: ,

mated the figure at over
2,5 million and still ris-
ing.

cso; 3400/334

The Tucsa analysis re-
veals that unemploy-
ment jn March this year
was 68,5 percent higher
than a year earlier. .

Of all the races,
according to the study,
the hardest-hit (exclud-
ing blacks) were Asian
workers, where the per-
centage increased by
more than 100 percent. |
Coloureds were the next
on the list at more than
70 percent and whites
followed at just over 50
percent. :

Tucsa says it has ig-
nored figures for black
unemployment ‘since
these are “grossly inac-
curate and meaning-
less.” In fact Tucsa
would like the govern-
ment to gather its unem-
ployment statistics, not

89

‘on a racial basis but as is
commonly done in other
countries, where the un-
employed are catego-
tised into non-skilled,
semi-skilled etc, and not
according to race. °
“The figures for job
advertisements in the
newspapers are also tak-
ing a nose-dive. The fed-
eration attributes-the
causes of retrenchment

te
@ The general recessio-
nary conditions in the
economy and lack of
sufficient demand for
local products,
© Competition by im-
ported products and,
@ Government decentra-
lisation policies which,
for political consider-
ations, motivate busi-
nesses to move from ur-
bantorural areas. __.
The federation ques-
tions the wisdom of
these “depressing econ-
omic policies” aimed at
fighting inflation in a
country where so many
of its residents are near
the subsistence level:



VILJOEN RETIREMENT RUMORS DENIED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 85 p 2

[Article by Bert van Hees]

[Text]

cso:

CAPE TOWN. — Ru-
mours that the Chief of
the Defence Force,
General Constand Vil-
joen, is retiring at the
end of October due to
the abortive comman-
do raid in Angola last
week, have been cat-
egorically denied.

Gen - Viljoen’s retire-
ment was announcéd in
Parliament yesterday by

3400/334

the Minister of Defence,
Gen Magnus Malan, who
named Lieutenant-Gen-
eral Jannie Geldenhuys,
Chief of the SA Army, as
his successor.“

A senior Defence
Force spokesman said
yesterday that Gen Vil-
joen had served for five
years as Chief of the De-
fence Force, and had ask-
ed last year to go on re-
tirement. .

There was “absolutely
no connection” between

57

the general’s retirement
and the incident in An-
gola last week in which a
South African - soldier,
Wynand du Toit, was se-

-riously injured in a clash

with Angolan forces
which left two others,
Louis Pieter van Breda
and Rowland Liebenberg
dead.

JPRS-SSA~-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



ALAN PATON SUPPORTS IDEA OF FEDERATION OF STATES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 May 85 p 9

[Text]

IF South Africa was a
federation of states,
there would be an im-
mediate abatement of
the fear, anxiety and
mistrust that presently
characterised its socie-
ty, Dr Alan Paton, said
last night in Johannes-
burg.

Delivering the Hoernle
Memorial Lecture of the
South Africa Institute of
Race Relations at the
University of the Wit-
watersrand, the 83-year-
old author said the salva-
tion of South Africa
would not come from the
National Party, the Unit-
ed Democratic Front, or
any new or existing party
or organisation.

Dr Paton said he had
entitled his lecture “Fed-
eration or Desolation” as
‘he believed that feder-
ation ‘was the only poss-
uble form of constitution
that held any hope for the
country. The State Presi-
dent, Mr P W Botha, had
been called a hypocrite,
his new dispensation had
been described as a giant
hypocrisy, and a cosmetic

swindle, but he did not

believe that. .
“To me, Mr Botha is an
Afrikaner who is trying to
break out of the bondage
of his history — a history

53

in which the British and
the Blacks were two of
the greatest determina-
nts”, Dr Paton said.

“Afrikaners are emerg-
ing from the morass of
apartheid, and one can-
not expect them to
emerge white and shin-
ing.” South - Africans
should make up their
minds to travel the hard
road ahead, or relapse
into despair.

“If we relapse finally
into despair, we ought to
get out of South Africa as
soon as possible. It is not
fair to stay, and to weak-
en the spirit of others,”
he said.

;, It was a prostitution of
language to liken the re-
public to Nazi Germany.

“If South Africa were
Nazi Germany, oppo-
nents of apartheid would
be dead. “Yet as I say
this, I remember that
Steve Biko is dead, Neil
Aggett, Andries Raditse-
la, Sipho Mutsi, Zachari-
ah Mzulane, and the

‘people. at Crossroads and

Uitenhage — they are all
dead.

“I remember that, and
it fills me with shame, but
it will not allow me to say
that South Africa is like
Nazi Germany.”

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



PRIME MINISTER DENIES DESTROYING OPPOSITION PARTIES

Maseru THE COMET in English 27 Apr 85 p 6

[Text]

THE Prime Minister, Dr.

Leabua Jonathan says

claims by the opposition

parties that he has de-
. stroyed the opposition are
| completely unfounded.

Addressing a pitso at Ri-
baneng in the 'Masemou-
su constituency in Mafe-
teng last Saturday, the
PrimeMinister said the

. Basotho themselves have
rejected the opposition
parties because of their
bad political record which
has been charactirised by
murders, theft robberies
and acts of subversion
against the state,

Dr. Jonathan said the
Marematlon Freedom
Party wanted to rob the
people of their power in
spite of the proven fact
that power lies with
people, He added that the
reason that there are not

many - monarchies left ~

in the world today is be-
cause some people did

. not respect the power of
the people as Marematlou
were doing.

CsO: 3400/327

15

The Prime Minister said
the Basutoland Congress
Party (BCP) was destroy-
ed because it wanted to
deceive both the people
and God. He said it is im-
perative that those who
occupy positions of re-
sponsibility should re-
spect the people because
they owe those positions
to the people.

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

LESOTHO



It also indicates the need for mobilizing the population to provide and
channel the products to the fixed marketing stations.

In the mobilization area, the final communique from the fifth session of the
FRELIMO Provincial Committee in Niassa recommends that the people's mobiliza-
tion to fulfill the decisions from the Fourth Congress be continued, specific-
ally with respect to the battle against the armed bandits and famine.

Meanwhile, in his closing speech, the member of the Central Committee's Polit-
buro and leader of Niassa Province said that this session had, once again,
allowed for a thorough, realistic analysis marked by candor and objectivity,
describing our FRELIMO Party's work methods, the real situation in Niassa,its
problems and the most suitable means for surmounting them, bearing in mind
that our people are always available to fulfill the instructions from the

FRELIMO Party.

a . ak
Major-General Matsinha said that, upon analyzing the military situation, the
fifth session of the party's Provincial Committee had noted an organizational
improvement in our Armed Forces, local forces and popular militias.

He remarked: "We have also noted that the district first secretaries have
already assumed that the battle against the armed bandits is the job of all
the people, both military and civilian."

Despite these improvements, the fifth session of the Provincial Committee in
Niassa nevertheless noticed that several difficulties still persist, and must
be urgently surmounted.

Hence, it was recommended that the positive aspects be used to advantage to
reinforce the organization that has been observed, resorting to local solutions

for this purpose.

In this connection, mention was made, for example, of the need to mobilize: the
population for the production of footwear made from old tires.

At this session, the Provincial Committee also remarked that, throughout all

of Niassa Province exciting times are being experienced, with the preparations
for the 10th anniversary of national independence; with the comment that, when
the supplementary plans for marking it.are approved, this will clearly demon-
strate the desire and commitment to have this festive occasion worthily cele-

brated in the province.

For this reason, Mariano Matsinha, in his closing address, hailed President
Samora Machel, the glorious Armed Forces of Mozambique and: the population of

Niassa.

The Niassa leader praised President Samora. Machel with particular affection and
emotion for his exemplary courage,and heroism and his unbounded love for the

fatherland, the people and the revolution.

44



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AWB THREATENS VIOLENCE TO MAINTAIN LAW AND ORDER
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans.1 May 85 p 1
{Article: "AWB Threatens to Grip SA With Violence"]

ue [Text]. Pretoria--The Afrikaner Resistance Movement. [AWB],
which has pledged its support to the Conservative Party in
Harrismith, is planning. to "grip [South Africa] with violence."

Mr Eugene Terre'Blanche, leader of the AWB, said that the AWB has [sent] a
message to Mr P. W. Botha: "You have waited too long to check or stop us.
The AWB is advancing. The AWB is gripping South Africa with violence."

Mr Terre'Blanche said that although the AWB is not tyrannical, if the govern-
ment wants to capitulate and surrender, then he says that there is a national
consciousness among whites that is saying to the government that if they want
to run and surrender, then they will do so alone. If the government cannot
maintain law and order, then the AWB will do it for them.

Sang

After a meeting at city hall, Mr Terre'’Blanche led a procession of 2,000 people
to the Sunnyside police station. The crowd sang as they marched and carried a
banner bearing the words "Law and Order." At the police station, Mr
Terre'Blanche presented the police with a vote of thanks for their maintenance
of law and order and said that the AWB is always at the disposal of the police
for the maintenance of order and the protection of people and fatherland.

The vote of thanks was presented to Col J. W. Loods while several white and
black policemen looked on.

12271
cso: 3401/201

48



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SPECIAL BLACK COURTS TO BE ABOLISHED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 85 p 13

{Text]

CAPE TOWN., —
Draft legislation pro-
viding for the formal
abolition of Commis-
sioners’ Courts and the
Commissioners’ Ap-
peal Court had been
sent to interested par-
ties - for comment,
according to. a Depart-
ment of Justice mem-
orandum tabled in Par-
liament yesterday.

‘The memorandum is in
Tesponse to recommenda-
tions of the Hoexter
Commission of inquiry
into the ‘structure and
functioning of the courts,
and sets out the Govern-
ment’s standpoints and
actions.

On special courts for
Blacks, the commission
found thet, since their
institution, the Black
population had under-
gone a material change in
their standard of living,

cso: 3400/334

way of life, family life and
education.

The preservation of
these special courts, with
the exception of Chiefs’
Courts, could no longer
be justified.

it recommended that
the latter be retained for
as long as they continued
to meet the needs of the
Blacks, and that they re-
main under the adminis-
trative control of the Min-
ister of Co-operation and
Development.

Both Commissioners’
Courts and their Appeal
Court should be abolish-
ed as soon as possible and
their functions transfer-
red to other relevant
courts in the judicial sys-
tem.

The memorandum
tabled yesterday said the
Government had already

77

indicated it accepted
these, and other related
recommendations, of the
commission.

The legal functions of
the Department of Co-
operation and Develop-
ment — including those
of the Commissioners’
Courts, the Appeal
Court, and the Divorce
Court for Blacks — had
been transferred to the
Department of Justice on
September 1 last year.

Complete administzat-
ion of these courts, as
well as staff matters and
legal training now fell
under the directorate:
Justice.

“Draft legislation to

It was important to
note this draft legislation
expressly provides that
magistrates’ courts may
take judicial notice of in-
digenous laws and cus-
toms, as is curréntly the
case with Commissioners’
Courts.

“The Government...
attaches great value to the
Preservation of this part

| of South African Law.”

| _ The Divorce Court for
Blacks was provisionally

| being retained, pending
the finalisation of the
Family Court Bill, now
being considered by a

| Joint committee of Parlia-

iment, the memorandum

{ said. — Sapa.

provide for the formal ©

abolition of the first-men-
tioned two courts has
already been forwarded
to interested parties for
comment.”


We Are Always Available to Contribute to Peace

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: The question of peace is a key question in international :
policy. What role could Cape Verde play in this respect, considering its
capgcity for dialogue and its relations with the other countries? .

Pedro Pires: Although we are available, we cannot have a great ambition. We
want to be useful and to make a contribution; however, the problem of peace
is an extremely complex problem. The problem of peace is not just a matter
of the absence of war but, primarily, the elimination of the threat of war;
something that is an extremely complex problem, considering the atmosphere
that exists, one of confrontation, the policies of concentration and the
hegemonic policies.

As for the focal points of tension and war, it is obvious that our’ capacity
for intervention is quite meager, because it is limited to our’continent. alone,
and no more than that. Peace is an extremely important issue; it is a major
factor for development, and it is always worthwhile running some risk for the
sake of making a contribution to its achievement, and to the search for it...
For all these reasons, in short, to the extent of our size and our resources,
we are always available to make a contribution, provided it is requested.
Actually, the problem of peace, and the elimination. of. dangers of war, consi-
dering the means for destruction that exist today, is a current problem, which
should be a concern for all people. Lo

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: What is the current status of the relations between Cape
Verde and Guinea-Bissau?

Pedro Pires: Cape Verde's relations with Guinea-Bissau are normal, we might say.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Only normal?

Pedro Pires: Yes, I think that they are normal. They are no more than that.
What is necessary is that they be normal, that the necessary communications
be established and that othersbe gradually established in different areas, in
areas of cooperation. Cape Verde is receptive to all cooperation, and I think
that there is complete receptiveness on’ the part of Guinea as well. There is
a voluntarist policy on both sides.

The Cooperation With Portugal Is Quite Extensive
DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: And how has the cooperation with Portugal progressed?

Pedro Pires: Cape. Verde's cooperation with Portugal is quite extensive and is
progressing in several directions: in the area of training,’in. the area of
technical assistance, in the commercial area, in. the economic area and in
the cultural area. There is a widespread and.diversified cooperation, not
only on the state level, but also on the individual and business levels and
that of other institutions. It is remarkably extensive. It has been carried
out quite well, albeit with a few problems here and there. The only thing
that cannot have problems is what is stagnant.

10



The one aspect of the total onslaught concept that has never. been sufficiently
emphasized is SA domestic policy. If the scope of the onslaught is analyzed,
then it is almost consistently the case that the primary motivation for activ- :
ity against SA arises from opposition to specific aspects of its domestic
policy. This means simply that in this respect the "total onslaught" is of
domestic origin.

Although the extent of opposition to SA cannot be denied, the danger of the
popularized concept of the "total onslaught" lies in the fact that it is used
as an explanatory framework to keep voters happy with fespect to the actual
situation, and in the fact that voters for their part accept it as a legiti-
mate and comprehensive explanation for reality or for the de facto ins and outs
of affairs.

The problem with this is that too many people have soothed. théir own conscience
and continued to live under the delusion that the government will indeed con-
jure up the solution--even if for some it offers away to dismiss everything
abroad as an irrelevant reality that can be. ignored.

If the supposition is correct that the root of comprehensive action directed
against SA-is found in domestic policy (about which there can certainly be-
little doubt), then the appropriate thing to do is in fact to take domestic
political policy with respect to the accommodation of people of other colors
as a point of departure. It is no. use to point a finger at other states in
Africa, nor is it any use to simply emphasize the uniquenss of SA. This is
why the limited constitutional changes that were announced represent. the most
important political breakthrough--even though it should be viewed in a limited
sense--in years.

However, it. would be unrealistic to assume that a domestic political settlement
will by necessity and in a short period of time bring about a drop in opposi-
tion to SA. After all, this world is not paradise, but it will at least raise
defensible arguments through which persuasion can be effected.

12271
cso: 3401/176

52



Commentary on Corn Price Dispute, Threat of Boycott
(DIE TRANSVALER, 10 May 85; BEELD, 6 May 85) .eceseceeeeee

Structural Changes Advocated, Editorial
Political Aspects, Editorial

Greater Role for Afrikaans in Business Advocated
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 11 May 85).....ececececececeseees

Tutu Accused of Double Talk on Disinvestment
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 14 May 85).....cceecececccccscece

Unemployment Figures Grossly Inaccurate, Meaningless
(SOWETAN, 29 May 85)..ecesceccececcvcccevcevcveeceseeves

Private Sector Will Be Taxed by New Councils
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 85)...csececeecsscecsccucceceececees

Conservationist Fights Coal Mining Near Umfolozi
(THE CITIZEN, 31 May 85). ...ccccsececceccecevancsceuceecs

Issue of Conscription Versus Professional Army Examined
(Helmoed—Romer Heitman; ARMED FORCES, May 85).......seeee

Capabilities, Weaknesses of Air Force Examined
(Paul Grober; ARMED FORCES, May 85)....cceeececseccccecese

New Metal Will Have Many Applications in Military Field
(ARMED FORCES, May 85).....scccececscecccccccececscecnees

Botha Defends Afrikaans Language
(THE CITIZEN, 29 May 85)....cccccecnccccccccccsscvsccenes

Briefs
Immigration Saves Money

SWAZILAND

Prime Minister on Ngwavuma Negotiations, Refugees
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 9 May 85).....ccccececececececscvees

New Economic Organization Inaugurated
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 17 May 85).......ceecsceececccececes

500 Recruits Sent to RSA Mine
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 6 May 85)....ceeecccccseseccsscvcces

Sugar Industry Difficulties Described
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 7 May Cc) ere

-~d-

84

84

85

86

88

89

90

91

92

98

102

105

106

107

109

110

111


Writer

Dr Danie Geldenhuys,.the Academy's head secretary in Pretoria, said yesterday,
"The only basis on which the Academy selects people is academic and. scientific
merit."

The Academy presently has no’ colored or black members. Membership was offered
some 2 years ago to Professor Adam Smal, renowned colored poet.and writer and
professor of social work at the University of the Western Cape, and to Mr

S. V. Petersen, also a renowned poet. They turned down the offer.

12271
csO: 3401/205

69



For example, more than 15 CIFEL workers,. among other :employees, will be trained
abroad in the People's Republic of Bulgaria, in rolling-mill operations.

Moreover, two of the company's engineers are taking welding courses in India
and” another is studying maintenance in Egypt.

It is expected that two other workers with courses in chemical engineering will
go to Brazil for a training course in foundry operations.

8834
csO: 3442/302

24



They have rejected the existing cultural organizations as exclusive entities
that wanted to remain exclusive. Add to this the political animosities and
the arrogant harshness with which Afrikaans was sometimes asserted, and it is
obvious why these people chose to simply go their own way. And why they even
went through a phase of Anglicization.

The remarkable thing is that, in spite of all these things, Afrikaans has been
preserved and extended among coloreds. Even more, they have forged it into a
rediscovered weapon in the struggle for their own rights.

Their Own

Which proves at least two things: . first of all, that Afrikaans is not exclu-
sively dependent on the white Afrikaner ‘for its survival (it did not, after
all, come into being only among whites); secondly, that a language does not
need formal "cultural organizations" to assure its survival in a particular
community. This task is provided for by internal, spontaneous desires within
people.

Thus, today the situation is such that when coloreds.iay claim to Afrikaans,
they do so on their own. They need thank no one for this, because it was from
the very beginning one of their own possessions, and they had to maintain it
themselves, even through the most difficult of times.

These are the circumstances in which the new campaign is now being tackled, as
it were, from the ground up. A joint effort is being initiated from square
one to involve coloreds as full-fledged language allies.

Gap

It is a small beginning, and many wounds remain to be healed, but this could
result in one of the strongest and most beautiful cultural campaigns ever to
be undertaken in this country.

After a congress on Afrikaans held by cultural organizations some 3 years ago
turned out to be somewhat disappointing, we pointed out the need for a new
form of cooperation and predicted that there is a gap that will be filled,
probably by other people.

Creative

This is now taking place. Those whites whose color prejudice is greater than
their love for Afrikaans are becoming smaller in number. And coloreds who are
ready to see hope for the future in the new political dispensation are growing
in number. It is thus only logical that there be cooperation in many areas
besides politics.

In their common language, millions of people in this country have a binding
factor that could in the future lead to beautiful creative deeds.

12271 67
C80: 3401/205



JPRS-SSA~85~052
24’ June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REGISTRATION OF WHITE MEN FOR COMMANDOS ORDERED
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD. in Afrikaans 3 May 85 p 2
[Article: "Ail Men Between 18 and 55 Must Register"]

[Text] Kimberley--All white men between 18. and 55 years of age living in the
Kimberley magisterial district should remember to register next week at. one
of the various registration centers. Men who refuse or neglect to do so can
be prosecuted.

Comdt F. Schreck, commander of the Kimberley commando, said that men who do
not register will be detained. The means for tracking them down are legion.

He said that plans have already been made for tracking down men who do not
register voluntarily. People should not think that they will get out of it
with all kinds of excuses.

Need Not

Only permanent members of the South African Police and national servicemen
now serving their two-year term of duty need not. register.

The registration centers will be open daily from 6 to 10 May between 7:00 and
19:00. Men should bring with them their identity documents or any other docu-
ments that identify them.

Centers

In Kimberley, the following places will be registration centers: St. Cyprian's
Cathedral, Trinity Methodist Church,: the meeting halls of the Vooruitsig,
Kimberley West, Kimberley North, Newton and Bakenskop NG [Dutch Reformed]
Churches, Staatspresident Swart, Herlear and Eureka primary schools, as well
as the N. J. Heyns School, city hall, Beaconsfield Library and the headquarters
of the Kimberley commando. A center will also be set up at the hotel on
Modder River. .

12271
Cso: 3401/201

60



JPRS-SSA-~85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NIASSA GOVERNMENT RESTRICTS DISTRIBUTION OF SUPPLIES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 May 85 p 2

[Text] The Fifth Special Session of the Provincial Council, executive body of the
Niassa province government, decided at its 27 April meeting to prohibit reexport
to other provinces of all public supplies that constitute the province's quota.

According to our correspondent in Lichinga, after thoroughly analyzing the situa=
tion of public supplies in the province, with particular impact on the city of
Lichinga, it was found that among existing major problems were reexport of some
goods that constitute Niassa's quota and the lack of strict control in distributing
goods received.

In this context, the council decided to create a supply commission consisting of
the secretary of the Provincial Party Committee for Economics, the provincial
director of domestic commerce and the president of the Executive Council of the
city of Lichinga, among other party and government officials.

Meanwhile, by decision of the Niassa. Provincial Council, the Mira-Lago boarding-
house of Flora Tumbo in Lichinga was closed recently. This measure was announced
to the workers of the hostelry at a general meeting by the provincial security
director, whose agency called the meeting.

The decision to close the establishment was taken because its owner was involved
in illegal reexport of large quantities of tea, intended for the people of Niassa,
to the city of Maputo.

Our correspondent cites a local source as having said that there are strong sus-
picions that the tea being reexported, in five crates found in the facilities of
the Lichinga airport, was destined for the black market in Maputo, given the
shortage of this product in recent days in the nation's capital.

Meanwhile, this case has been turned over to the proper authorities for more de-
tailed investigation.

8834
CSO: 3442/290

17



JPRS-SSA~85~-052
24 June 1985

. MOZAMBIQUE

IRAN TO DONATE FOOD, MEDICINE, VEHICLES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 22 May 85 p 8

[Text] A donation from the Islamic Republic of Iran is to arrive in Maputo next
week, Fruit of a collection taken up by the Red Cross of Iran, the donation,
according to Ahmad Naghmell, charge d'affaires of the Iranian embassy in Maputo,
consists of food products and three vehicles, one of which is earmarked for
Experimental Television.

The donation, to be unloaded in the ports of Maputo and Nacala, consists of 4,500
tons of wheat, 4,050 tons of rice, 4,000 kilograms of farinha, 60 tons of canned
fruit and fish, 90 tons of cereals, 60 tons of powdered milk and 12 tons of bis-
cuits.

The gift from the Iranian people, solicited by the Red Cross, to be delivered by
the Iranian embassy, also includes 30 tons of soap, 10 tons of sugar, 4 tons of
cooking oil, 30 tons of medicines, 1 bus, 1 truck and 1 minibus, the latter al-
ready earmarked for Experimental Television, according to the Iranian diplomat.

The vehicles are manufactured in Iran.

This donation is to be given to the most needy persons, by authorities of our
country, who are to choose and define the priorities, "although we can also
help inthe distribution," in the words of the Iranian charge d'affaires.

The diplomat said later that the Iranian people are at war and that if it were
not for that Iran could give more assistance to Mozambique. He expressed hope
that in the future "we will have closer ties with Mozambique, in the economic,
cultural and political fields." : .

During the press conference held in the Iranian embassy, that country's charge
d'affaires, Ahmad Naghmell, spoke of the current situation of the Iran-Iraq war,
asserting that what has been done so far shows clearly that Iran "wishes to be
as humane as possible, although this country's enemies are determined to pursue

the war."

Asserting that in this stage of the war all international laws have been forgotten,
the diplomat added that "we are against war, but we are forced to participate

in it and pursue it. But no matter how much Iran is forced to make war, it will
never make war like its enemies are doing."

34



cso:

3400/309

South Africans would
have more confidence if
the State President put
forward a declaration of
intent.

“This declaration
would be labelled rhetoric
and cosmetic and there-
fore disbelieved, but I do
know that such a declara-
tion would help some
people to emerge from
the melancholy that af-
flicts them,” Dr Paton
said.

Mr P W Botha’s new
dispensation was an inad-
equate attempt to moder-
ate the fear of Whites ob-
sessed by the idea of cen-
tral power getting into the
hands of someone other
than themselves.

“It is another irony of
our history that the White
people of South Africa,
having chosen a unitary
state in 1910, are now
afraid of the idea of an-
other. They are afraid of
a state that might do to
them what they have
done to others. White
people do not like to talk
of this fear — some of
them even pretend that it
does not exist,” he said.

“T have no doubt that if
South Africa became a

54

federation of six or eight
or 10 states, with a federal
government given as limi-
ted power as it is possible
for a federal government
to have, there would be
an immediate — though
not complete — abate-
ment of the fear and
anxiety and mistrust that
so characterises our pres-
ent society,

“I believe there would
be a great increase in con-
fidence, both political and
economic. Only then
would we have a right to
contemplate a Federation
of Southern Africa.”

Among the early re-
sults he would expect
from a federation would
be a return to the rule of
law, abolition of deten-
tion without trial, changes
in the security laws,. and
alterations — if not the
abolition — of: the urban
areas, group areas and
population —_ registration
Acts.

“I would expect the
wounds of conquest to
start healing (and) a
greater measure of happi-
ness in our lives. A
change in the attitude to-
wards South Africa on the
part of those people —
both righteous and seif-
righteous — who. now
have little for us but con-
demnation.”



hectares of wax beans and for increasing the area devoted to peach trees and plum
trees by 25 hectares, in addition to garlic and onions.

Fuel supplies are indispensable for the success of the emergency program. Immedi-
ate shipment of production inputs that are now in Beira is one aspect that should
be given particular attention, said Arnaldo Ribeiro.

It should be mentioned that the CAIA workers are carrying out this plan very en-
thusiastically; at present they are engaged in planting beans and preparing vege-
table plots.

The Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex emergency program was recently approved at
a meeting of the Provincial Government. :

8834
CSO: 3442/290

20



Outside governmental bodies, it was the task of organizations such as the
Economic Institute of the FAK [Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Societies],
the Reddingsdaadbond and. the AHI [Afrikaans Institute of Trade] to give
Afrikaans economic worth. as well, and.as a language of commerce to.make its
survival all the more certain.

Official recognition as a national language and. the compliance with the prin-
ciple of bilingualism in the civil service imply a great number of advantages
for Afrikaans.

However, in everyday life the Afrikaans speaker cannot hide behind fortifica-
tions written into the constitution; there he must work hard to preserve his
language. How often does one still hear of shop assistants, secretaries or
businessmen who belittle Afrikaans? Is it not a fact that Afrikaans is treated
in a very slipshod manner in the advertising world--and must often submit to
the most atrocious translations thinkable?

If Afrikaans cannot assume its rightful. place in the business world, its legal
entrenchment as an official language will with time be of less and less help.

And this means that many Afrikaans. speakers will have to abandon their laxity

in preserving the language.

There is indeed one ray of hope for the future of Afrikaans: indications are
‘that the language is gaining ground among coloreds. Too many white Afrikaners
have self-righteously appropriated the language for themselves and claimed
sole possession of it, while the language is nevertheless flourishing among
coloreds, and also among other non-whites, who are in some respects making an
irreplaceable contribution.

Whatever constitutional models South Africa is now moving towards, Afrikaans
as an official language is not only non-negotiable, it is not even up for
discussion. But then every Afrikaans speaker must certainly put his shoulder
to the wheel to make his language more attractive economically and in other
senses, and to eliminate narrow connotations based on color out of love for
and a bond with the language, so that it becomes a broad means for closer ties.

Otherwise, it runs the danger of becoming with time merely an interesting
fossil with entertainment value.

12271.
cso: 3401/205

87



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CZECHOSLOVAK AMBASSADOR REAFFIRMS FRIENDSHIP, COOPERATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 May 85 p 8

[Report on press conference held by Vaclav Brezak, ambassador of Czechoslovakia,
in Maputo on 6 May: "Czechoslovakia Supports. Mozambican Positions"]

[Text] "Czechoslovakia, just as all other socialist countries, appreciates the
dynamic basis of Mozambique's foreign policy in the struggle against colonialism,
neocolonialism, racial discrimination, apartheid, in the struggle for peace,

the end of the danger of war and for construction of socialist society," Vaclav
Brezak, Czechoslovak ambassador to the Peoples Republic of Mozambique [RPM]
asserted in Maputo Monday.

Vaclav Brezak, also dean of the diplomatic corps accredited in Maputo, was speak-
ing at a press conference on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of his country's
liberation by the Soviet army, expelling the fascist occupying army of Nazi
Germany.

The Czechoslovak diplomat recalled that Mozambican-Czechoslovak cooperation has
existed since the period of the armed struggle for the liberation of Mozambique,
being strengthened later, after our nation's independence in 1975,

In reference to that, he said that "the relations between Czechoslovakia and Mozam-
bique serve as an example of mutual cooperation in the interest of peace and of
social progress and security in the world."

He also recalled that the highest stage of this cooperation was reached at the
time of the visit of a Mozambican party-and-government delegation! headed by Presi-
dent Samora Machel, in October 1981.

Urged to make an evaluation of the practical results of established cooperation
projects, the Czechoslovak ambassador emphasized that there were some projects
that did not reach the expected development, due to general conditions in the
nation, despite the fact that others had turned out well.

He cited the example of the geological exploration program, interrupted due to

the actions of armed bandits, which contrasts with the Ifloma project in Manica,
which was carried out with the participation of Czechoslovak technicians.

41



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NONCOMPLYING FARMERS THREATENED IN CORN BOYCOTT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 7 May 85 p 1
[Article: "Farmers Who Deliver Corn Are Threatened"]

[Text] Bloemfontein--The corn dispute has taken a serious turn in that farmers
who are delivering corn are being threatened that they and their children will
be isolated and cast out from community life.

Other developments in the corn dispute:

NAMPO [National Maize Producers' Organization] is going to talk to black labor
unions and consumer organizations in order to explain to them the implications
of the corn boycott.

The LP [member of parliament] for Parys, Mr Pikkie Maree, the LP for Schweizer-
Reneke, Mr Willie Lemmer, and the LPR [member of provincial council] for
Bothaville, Mr Faan Nel, are no longer distancing themselves from the govern-
ment's decision concerning the price of corn. They announced yesterday that
they now support the government in its dispute with NAMPO (see story on page
two).

Some corn farmers are questioning NAMPO's handling of the dispute.

Allegations are being made that the affair is gaining an increasingly partisan
hue.

The minister of agricultural economics, Mr Greyling Wentzel, has warned against
stirring up unrest.

The government will also speak with black consumer organizations and trade
unions in order to explain the affair to them.

Mr Faan Nel, who in addition to being LPR for Bothaville is also a member of
NAMPO, said that a fellow member of NAMPO told him yesterday that “he will be
cast out from the comunity." His children will also be "cast out" if he de~
livers his corn. 7

82



LOCAL AUTHORITY POWER EXTENDED FOR MINISTER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 31

[Text]

cso: 3400/335

CAPE TOWN. — The
Laws on Co-operation
and Development Secon’
Amendment Bill tabled. +
Parliament yesterday
gives the Minister of Co-
operation, Development
and Education the right
to take over powers of a
Black local authority if
such a local authority
should fail to exercise it.
The Black Local Auth-
orities Act, 1982, has no
provision that ensures the
continuation of local
authority functions in the .

59

May 85 p 11

event of all the members
of a Black local authority
resigning, or where a
meeting cannot be consti-
tuted and it is not possible
due to circumstances to
fill vacancies by an elec-
tion.

An accompanying.
memorandum states that
the proposed amendment
is therefore necessary to
ensure the continuation
of the functions of a Black
Jocal authority by a per-
son or body indicated by
the Minister. — Sapa.

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



A number of. farmers have called him and said that they. are. being threatened
with the possibility that they and. their families will be isolated and cast
out from the community. if they deliver. their corn.. "I will not allow a
revolver to be held to my head, and I'm not worried about it," said Mr Nel,
whose trucks began to deliver his corn yesterday. ~

Mr Nel says that now he understands why the price of corn was not increased,
after initially having joined forces with his LP, Mr Pikkie Maree, in dis-
tancing themselves from the government's decision.

Mr Maree and Mr Nel appealed to farmers to stop holding back their corn.

Several farmers in the Orange Free State, the Western Transvaal and the
Springbokvlakte feel that the boycott cannot succeed and. that they are going
to deliver their corn.

Mr Sarel Haasbroek of Bothaville says that it does not become South African
farmers to demonstrate and boycott.

Mr Julius Zerwick of Christiana says that it is clear to: him that the dispute
is "an out-and-out CP [Conservative Party] fight." Mr Albert Groothof and
Dr Stoffel de Beer of the Springbokvlakte also feel that there are political
motives behind the campaign.

12271
cso: 3401/206

83



INDEPENDENTS PUT OUT ELECTION MANIFESTO

JPRS-SSA-85-052

24 June 1985

_

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 85 p 5

[Text]

Independent — Zimbabwe
Group has published its general

f ‘electig, manifesto. .

“ It reads: “Realising that the group
has established itself as an important
and influential body and has been suc-
cessful in building ication
bridges and mutual respect between all
communities, it is our afm and in-
tention to continue in that direction,
to build upon the confidence that exists
and to involve ourselves in influencing
the decision-making process of govern-
ment,

“It follows'.therefore that we shall

direct our energies towards the cause
of peace, unity, development and
Prosperity in ae

The group affirms its lo; the
Fepublle of Zimbabwe ang sapport the
Speration ‘betweun all tha peariee “ot

ration » . of
Zimbabwe, es

It believes a “strong and

‘State can be built only on the basis of

social justice for individuals within the

‘The IZG affirms the right of the
individual to the freedom of worship,
speech, association saat oe Po
ownership. de ‘y e lo-
sophy at indivioiae te benefit from the

3400/314

118 Pe

fruits of their own endeavours, \

., It believes in the “principle of
@emocratio process, the right of all
citizens to elect a government of thelr

. choice and the philosophy of freq, poll-

tical association”.

In the economic field the IZG says
it will try to help maximise the full
economic Sevelopment of the country,
recognising that although Zimbabwe
_has a mixed economy, private enter-

Prise offers the “best’ philosophy for.

ig economic growth and miaxi-
mum employment”, . .

‘The recognises the right of
all Zi an citizens to the highest
possible standards of education, health
and housing, :

It believes, that the English la:
should remain
the re
It recognises the importance of con-

servation and 0} ss all forms of”
indiscrimina’

te activities that endanger
the environment. _ .

‘On agriculture the IZG supports
the of strong commercial and
comnminal agricultural sectors, .

On getattons Rik it Anna tar itor ww
supports the expansion le =
ment of worldwide trade relations,
particularly within Africa, and believes
in non-interference in the internal
affairs of other nations. :

the official tanguage of


YUGOSLAV FIRM MAY BUY HARARE INDUSTRIAL STAND

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 May 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/315

-ENERGOPROJEKT En-
gineering’ and Construc-
tion Company of Yugo-
slavia might buy a stand
in Willowvale, Harare, if
‘they obtain the necessary
permission from their
government,

Harare City Council had

agreed to gell a stand in
Willowvale to the com-
vpany for $27200 with
‘provision. for buildings to
;a minimum value of
+ $35 000,

n

meeting of the finance and
dev. ent committee
that company had

* (told the council that they

had to seek permission

from ¥ ia before
they acquire the
property, The company
said permission might be

granted before December

31 1987,
Ag the company was

interested in occupying
the stand, they had re-
quested to lease the stand
for two. years with an
option to purchase it if
they got approval from
Yugoslavia,

Rnergoprojekt 4s build-
ing the $65 million Shera-
ton Hotel and Conference
Centre to be opened this
year. %

Cde Kanengoni recom-
mended to the committee
that the company be al-
lowed to occupy the stand
on a rental is before
finalisation of all forma-
litles. The company had
asked to occupy the stand
before ‘the end of last
month. i

The ‘company would:
now rent the stand for:
two years at = monthly:
rental of $1800 subject to |
an agnual increase of 121 |
“percent, if the recommen-
‘dation is approved by
council,

121

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



--Delayed or even nonexistent bookkeeping in many firms;

--Vague and unclear charters and bylaws of some firms;

--Deterioration of quality of product;

--Low productivity in some firms;

--Deficiencies in’ concept and planning of investments;

--Deterioration of installed equipment due to poor maintenance or lack of replace-

ment parts;
--As our industry is dependent to a great extent on imported raw materials, it is

highly sensitive to any change in the nation's importing capacity.

Thus, the combination of factors that led to the current economic crisis, above
and beyond their direct impact on production units, hit industry especially hard
through deterioration of the nation's importing capacity.

The factors mentioned above and the aggressions against our country, the natural
calamities as well as the gravé consequences of the international economic crisis
for .our.country caused a decline in industrial production in recent yeats, re-
ducing the flow of imported raw materials, agricultural raw materials and domestic
minerals for industry and for export, due to increased costs of materials and

equipment.

Despite all these setbacks there are accomplishments that assume special importance
precisely because they demonstrate our capability in facing the problems that con-
front .us. We give below some of the many examples of accomplishments in various

industrial units that show this capacity well.

Priorities and Prospects

At this moment the central concern is utilization of all external means for re-
habilitating existing productive units.

It will thus be possible to assure supplies (raw materials, spare parts and
some replacement equipment) so that we can, in the first place, make use of the
capacity already installed in the country, in the state sector, the cooperative

sector and the private sector.
Thus, in some branches of industry programs of this type already exist, such ast

--In the textile sector, programs are being implemented in the three major facto-
ries, with the assistance of various international institutions, notably the
Caisse Centrale of France, the World Bank and the Peoples Republic of China;

--In the metalworking sector, for producing agricultural implements, there is
a program being implemented with the help of the SIDA [Swedish International
Development Authority].

Through these programs of industrial rehabilitation, it. will be possible to con-
centrate effofts:on addressing the following priorities:

--The needs of agricultural marketing, due to the role it plays in combating
hunger and increasing exports.

28



Pedro Pires: I shall begin by saying that it is not my idea. There is a part
of.it that is mine, not exactly the idea of the planting, but the idea of
having the population participate in that planting. For that, I can take
credit. : .

There was, in fact, an address ‘of mine aimed at promoting everyone's partici-
pation in all the planting, making the people take an interest, so as to

learn whether, with the people's participation, it is possible to plant many
thousands of trees. Hence, that was my contribution, a. contribution associated
with participation, confidence and help in observing how things: should be done.

The rest involves precisely an effort by native technicians, both in planting
the trees and in connection with the work related to conservation and to
protection of. the water in the soil. e

There is, actually,an activity involving many people, from the conception to
the execution. However, the greatest contribution is fromthe technicians,
who have in fact done extraordinary work.

Cape Verde Is Willing to Create Its Own Rain

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Does this mean that, as Corsino Fortes said, not as state
secretary of news media, but as a poet, the people of Cape Verde “are willing
to make their own rain fall"?

Pedro Pires: It is on the basis of great confidence in, ourselves that we are
constructing the country; on the basis of great confidence: and also on the
basis of the principle that we’ must be the.ones to construct. our country, and
not others. Hence, we could claim that Cape Verde is willing to create its
own rain, not to despair, not to loge courage in the struggle that we know
lies ahead of us.. It is on this basis, then, that we shall be able to assess
the results achieved. :

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: One of the historic issues. in Cape Verde is emigration.
With the hope resulting from what we are observing around us, will Cape Verde,
over the medium term, have the conditions necessary for creating and meeting
the vital needs of its population, thereby preventing the flow of emigration?

Pedro Pires: Because, before being optimistic, we must be realistic, I can

say that it will all depend on the results of the work we are doing. ‘There

is also another important factor to be considéred: the rate of population
growth. Hence, a great deal will depend on the behavior ofthe population

and the results of the effort for. development that we are expending. It will
not be easy, because the conditions. are, extremely difficult, in addition to
our having a structural food shortage ‘that poses serious problems. for .us. :
For this reason, we do not feel .that we shall be in a position, over the medium
term, to solve the emigration problem, although our. goal is to do everything
in our power to reduce the country's dependence. on other: nations. As we
lessen that dependence, we shall create conditions for raising the number of
permanent jobs. This has not happened up until the present. The unemployment



JPRS-SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FRELIMO PROVINCIAL COMMITTEE APPROVES NIASSA 1985 PLAN
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 May 85 p 2

[Text] The FRELIMO Party Provincial Committee in Niassa held its fifth session
from 6.to 8 May, at which it approved the plan of activities of its secretariat
for this year, and the same agency's report on the work done by the party in
the province during 1984.

It also approved the supplementary plans on the provincial, district and local
levels to mark the 10th anniversary of national independence, and elected its
Control Committee and the provincial secretary for the economy of the FRELIMO
Party in Niassa. Cristiano Taimo was elected to the latter post.

A lecture on the politico-military situation in the country and in the province
particularly, delivered by the provincial military commander, Col Bernardo Goy-
Goy, afforded those participating in the session a real, thorough understanding
of the consecutive defeats that our Armed Forces have been inflicting daily on
the armed bandits.

The democratic mass organizations and the. socio-professional ones, as well as
the populace of the district of N'Sauma, lauded the holding of this session
through messages read during the course of its work, in which they expressed
their readiness and determination to fully implement the decisions and instruc~
tions adopted there, in connection with the combating of the armed bandits and
of famine.

In fact, the final communique from that session defines a group of tasks for
the party members in particular and for all the workers and the population of
Niassa, in general, in the areas of defense, economy, organization and mobili-
zation.

In the defense area, the communique cites, for example, the need to foster the
constant training of the local forces, to ensure the patrolling and defense of
the communal villages, cooperatives and settlements.

In the economic realm, the document recommends that there be a renewal of the
traditions existing in Niassa, in the process of removing the population's
surplus products, consisting of the use of local resources’to transport the
products.

43



Pedro Pires: The groundwork has been laid in several directions; because, here
in our country, it is impossible to have an agriculture serving as an accumu~
lation for subsequent industrial development. We have to progress ‘in the
industrial area, whether it be in the fishing area or the services area;

in services, including tourism, through the construction.of the airport and
the development of the many types of capacity that we have; without forgetting
that the groundwork for development, besides those material components, demands
an extraordinarily important element: that of human capacity. We mentioned
earlier an administration that would be capable of devising and executing the
development. Now, another element for development entails a heightening of our
technical capacity, our capacity for management, our capacity for planning,
etc. On that basis, we think that there are good prospects, although we are
halfway along the road.

The economic development of Cape Verde is not simple: It must take into account
the dispersion and the small size of the market. Hence, all this must be very
well balanced. We think that there are already good examples in Sao Vicente,
as well as the possibility for the development of construction materials on
Ilha de Maio, and the starting of other small industries. We are creating

the conditions; we are, in fact, creating the groundwork for development.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: You claimed a few moments ago that "up until now" Cape
Verde has not had capable technicians. Do you mean that, at the present time,
you already have available that number regarded as necessary?

Pedro Pires: We shall begin having it available. In this case, however, we
must make the distinction that there are technicians and other technicians.

I mean, individuals are not formed only theoretically; although the universi-
ties may be the starting place, in my view the struggle lies in work, in
action.

Hence, considering the work done thus far, we can claim that our technicians
are maturing. As I have said, the first ones are reaching a phase of maturity,
of full development.

So, we could say that we are on the way toward having available the technicians
deemed necessary, and that we already have some. We are making a great effort
for training, not the classical training, but post-university training, the
training that is acquired from work, from action, confronting difficulties,
needs and demands. ‘There is a greater number of them now than there was a
year.ago, or 2 years ago. And we shall have an even greater number within 1, 2
or 3 years.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: One of the things that most surprises us is the rather
herculean effort, considering the geographical conditions in particular, that
is being expended in Cape Verde in the area of forestation and the battle
against erosion. That even seems to us to be one of the priorities in the
government's policy. Is that true? However, some claim that this is a
concrete idea of the prime minister.



Other Projects

Meanwhile, several agricultural projects intended to solve immediate problems

were carried out during the past year. They included, among others, small projects
for irrigation, drainage, support for rural development, and repair of infrastruc-
ture, Most of the projects are still in operation.

The Marrambajane and Chalucuane projects, which were begun early this year, are
examples of such activity. The first, located in the Chilembene valley, has an
irrigation capacity of 1,500 hectares and is intended for the family-farm sector.

This project emerged as a result of the local people's initiative, who dug about
200 meters of channel by hand. The state, in turn, provided machinery for widening
the channels and irrigation ditches. At each end of the main canal two large
motorized pumps were set. up to pump the water from the river to the farmland.

The Chalucuane project, which is located in one of the most fertile areas of the
Chokwe district and will -be another. means of solving the food problem, irrigates,
in a first phase, 350 hectares.

The first augmented session of the Gaza Government also devoted particular atten-
tion to the problem of shipping and marketing farm products, bearing in mind the
use of surplus for supplying industries, seed reserves and better supplies of
basic foodstuffs.

In this context, it was decided that the district Executive Councils would furnish
data monthly to the provincial government about agricultural products marketed,
through AGRICOM [Agricultural Products Marketing Company], in order to permit
rational distribution of the output by all districts. oo

The provincial government is also to define the percentage of products for con-
sumption and for seeds in each district, bearing in mind the needs of each. It
was also-agreed that each district will be able to use up to 50 percent of the
goods marketed. The rest is to be kept in a district warehouse and can be used
only upon authorization by the provincial government.

In this way it is hoped to avoid, for example,a situation in which large quantities
of goods are accumulated in a particular zone of the province, while other zones
are in need of the very same goods, It will also be possible, through this method,
to minimize the problem of lack of local seed production, as each district will
have to hold back part of its production for. this purpose.

8834
CsO: 3442/302

37



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

Mr Mogae, who has been in the country to study the country's system of
decentralization, that although Zambia had the system very well on paper,
it has not yet done very well in practice. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic
Service in English 1115 GMT 27 May 85]

LESOTHO'S STAND TOWARD RSA--His excellency the president has praised
Lesotho for standing firm in its principles despite pressure to do other-
wise from the racist minority regime of South Africa. The president

was speaking at State House in Lusaka when Lesotho's senior private
secretary to the prime minister of Lesotho, Mr (Retsemaile Mokete),
delivered a special message to him from the prime minister of Lesotho.
Speaking during the brief function, Dr Kaunda said that Zambia greatly
admired the leadership and people of Lesotho for their courageous stand.
Dr Kaunda particularly applauded Lesotho's continued fight against
apartheid, though the kingdom is completely surrounded by racist South
Africa. Contents of the message Mr (Mokete) delivered from the Lesotho
leadership were not immediately known. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service
in English 0500.GMT 24 May 85]

SOVIETS PLAN STEEL MILL-~Lusaka--The Soviet Union has submitted proposals to
Zambia to build a steel mill and a centre for the introduction of advanced
technology in the country's crucial copper industry, Soviet diplomats said
yesterday. The mill, to be built at Kafue, 45 km south of Lusaka, would have
annual capacity of 150,000 tons, they said, adding that’ the government had
not yet responded to the plans. The copper centre would specialise in
maximising extraction of metal from low-grade ores, the diplomats said. The
grade of Zambian copper ore has fallen sharply over the past 10 years as
deposits are being exhausted.--SAPA-REUTER. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

in English 21 May 85 p 9]

cso: 3400/323

117



COUNTRY NEEDS 23 MILLION DOLLARS AGAINST DROUGHT

Maseru THE COMET in English 27 Apr 85 p 8

[Text]

LESOTHO has asked for
M23-—omillion — dollars
drought assistance from
the world community.

The request was made
by the Minister of Plan-
ning, Employment and
Economic Affairs, Mr. Re-
tselisitsoe Sekhonyana at a
three-day Drought Relief
meeting in Lusaka, Zam-
bia last week.

Mr. Sekhonyana said 4
million dollars of the re-
quested money would be
used towards achieving
self-sufficiency in food
production.

The drought stricken
countries represented at
the meeting were Angola,
Botswana, Lesotho and
Zambia.

The United Nations
Under Secretary General,
Mr. Abdul Rahim Farah
said atthe end of the
meeting that these coun-
tries had asked for a total
of more than 180 million
dollars to meet their dif-
ficulties. °

He said even Zambia
which has had good rains
recently after a prolonged
drought needs food aid
because crops would not

CSO: 3400/327

16

be harvested until July.

The Botswana delega-
tion said plans to improve
water, education and
health services in their
mainly desert country had
been set aside and re-
allocated to deal with the
drought.

Mr. Farah said that
Angola which produced
oil, diamonds and’ coffee
is potentially one of the
richest countries in Afri-
ca, He said agriculture
and industry have been de-
vastated by the bush war
against UNITA ~ rebels
which forced over 500,000
people to leave their
homes,

The meeing was the
latest ina series of meet-
ings to determine ' the
needs of individual coun-
triés following an inter.
national conference in Ge-
neva, Switzerland last
month which called for
17 billion dollars in aid
to Help fight drought af-
fecing more than 20 coun.
tries in Africa and boost
food production.

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

LESOTHO



DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Could it be said that Portugal, considering its limitations
on the economic, level, has done everything possible to make those relations
good, and to have that cooperation occur?

Pedro Pires: Yes, I think so. Portugal has done everything possible « on behalf
of the normal progress of its cooperation with Cape Verde.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: After all this, could it, in fact, be claimed that the
people of Cape Verde are no longer the "victims of the east wind"?

Pedro Pires: That is a poet's image, and it is always a difficult stint to
respond to poetic images. I think that "victim of the east wind" harbors
within itself a certain amount of fatalism. And we are no longer fatalists.

The great lesson from these past 10 years, the confidence that we have now of
our potential and our capacity, and in the future of our country, prompts us
to say that, if the victim has anything to do with the fatalist, with the one
doomed to the inevitabilities of nature, famine, drought,. desert formation,
erosion, etc., we have by now eliminated’that concept. But, if the concept

of the victim is the concept of. the one who withstands, the one who withstands
all kinds of bad weather, persisting in his effort to work, his effort as a
guard and as a watchman, if it is the concept of the withstanding victim, then
we are still the victim, unwilling to accept any defeat, we might say, and
ready to withstand the drought and to withstand all kinds of bad weather.

Lf the concept of the victim is, in.fact, that of withstanding, then in that
sense we are still the "victims of the east wind."

2909
CSO: 3442/306

11



Minister of Finance Discusses Job Shortage at ECAS Inauguration
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 15 May 85) ..esecesseeesccecccccesvoe

Briefs
Agriculture Union Expansion Campaign
Extradition Treaty With China
TANZANIA

Nyerere Admits Socialization was Mistake
(THE CITIZEN, 24 May 85)..seeeccecccccecevcscvesseccccees

ZAMBIA
Briefs

8,000 Tons of Wheat From RSA
Regional Oil Processing Plants Planned
Increased Contacts With Botswana
Lesotho's Stand Toward RSA
Soviets Plan Steel Mill

ZIMBABWE

Independents Put Out Election Manifesto
(THE HERALD, 10 May 85)...ccceeccecccecccuvceeeeeeeeeeees

South Africa's Policies Condemned During Talks With Yugoslavs
(THE CITIZEN, 27 May 85).cceceeeccscccccceeccceenceenesce

Yugoslav Embassy Queries Donation
(THE CITIZEN, 27. May 85) ..cccesseeccrcccccccceesceeesseee

Yugoslav Firm May Buy Harare Industrial Stand
(THE HERALD, 13 May 85).ceessecececcsecccccccccceseevonns

Drought Relief To Continue in Parts of Gwanda
(THE HERALD, 10 May 85) ...eseeseceecccccceccreeeeeeesvees

Lonrho Plans To Increase Its Stake
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 10 May 85)....eseesececcceceecees

Farmers To Be Protected From Bandits
(THE HERALD, 10 May 85).ccsessccccccccecerercecvecseseces

Goats for Export to Middle East
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 12 May 85)....sesecccccccceeccnceseeees

Pretoria's Zambezi Water Plan Criticized
(THE HERALD, 13 May 85)....

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118

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\

PRIME MINISTER ON NGWAVUMA NEGOTIATIONS , REFUGEES

© :
Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 9 May 85 pp 5, 16

[Text]

.

Observer Reporter

THE Prime Minister

’ Prince Bhekimpi has

said that negotiations
over the Ngwavuma
issue are going on bet-
ween’ Swaziland and

- South Africa.

He stressed that it is
the kingdom’s policy
to discuss such- ‘mat-
ters peacefully no
matter how - serious
the situation might
be. :

“We will get out land
peacefully without
fighting for it ahd we are
still praying to have it
back .without any
hassles,” he said.

Speaking at a meeting
of the Lubuli Inkundla
yesterday the Prime
Minister said Swaziland
has no case’ to ‘answer
towards the ‘Zulus who
are claiming the land,
since they (Zulus) in-

herited the land from the
whites.

However, he regretted
that a certain homeland
leader ‘has attempted ‘to
block the arrangements
‘over the border ad-
justments issue.

“But that action does
not bother us,”” he said
Swaziland was
negotiating peacefully
with the South African
government and that the
kingdom will soon get
the land

The’ Prime Minister
has also appealed to all
the Swazis who are not
employed and staying in
towns to go back to their
homes in rural areas and
cultivate the land to
make the en eet.

“More an@ifhore peo-
ple are roaming the

streets everyday sear-

ching for jobs which
they never find. Some
end up getting money
through dubious means,

no wonder there are so
many thugs today in
towns,’” he noted.

He indicated that time
will come’ when . all
unemployed people will
be answerable to-that if
found doing nothing in-
stead of going back to
their respective homes to
cultivate the land.

Prince Bhekimpi said
refugees from
neighbouring countries
were flocking into
Swaziland because of
starvation in their coun-
tries and they,need to. be
fed. .
“Where will we get

food for the refugees
and: the Swazi nation if
nobody is prepared to go
Gack and till the land?

“We don’t expect
anybody in this country
to die of hunger when we
have rich soil and the
weather which is still
favourable.’”

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985.

SWAZILAND



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKAANS SEEN AS BOND BETWEEN AFRIKANERS, COLOREDS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 May 85 p 12
[Article by Dawie: "Exciting News for Afrikaans: First Movement of its Kind"]

[Text] It is possible, just possible, that a campaign announced this week
could be the beginning of a new kind of cultural movement that has never before
existed in our country. For the first time, an effort is being made across
the color line to promote Afrikaans among all the population groups.

The activities of the Paarl Afrikaans Language Foundation and its. plans for
the future are exciting news for everyone with an interest in Afrikaans.

Thaw

A need for this sort of development, in which white and colored join hands in
the area of culture and also try to involve blacks as much as possible, has
been felt for some time, but it has remained a need, to the frustration of many.

For the first time there is movement in this direction, and there is no doubt
that the new political dispensation has much to do with this. What.is now hap-
pening on the language front is merely an example of the general thaw in frozen
attitudes that has for so long kept mutual relations within the country in check.

Bridges

In the past, attempts at a joint campaign in the interest of Afrikaans have run
ashore on the rocks of prejudice and mistrust.

However, many people have continued to believe that bridges rather than walls
should be built, and many have directed their hope towards the existing cul-
tural organizations to assume a leading role.in this. Their expectations have
been dashed every time.

In due course, it has become clear that even if the Afrikaans cultural organi-
zations were to open their doors to non-whites, precious few of them would take
advantage of the opportunity, The negative attitude of these organizations
towards even the natural language allies of the white Afrikaner has resulted
in the fact that coloreds no longer show interest. _

66



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DOMESTIC TRADE EMPLOYEES ARRESTED IN RICE ISSUE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 May 85 p 8

[Text] Upon conclusion of the preparatory brief for the respective criminal case,
three employees of the Domestic Trade Ministry and the Port of Maputo were ar-
rested because they were found to be criminally responsible for the deterioration
of rice last February in the port of Maputo, this newspaper learned yesterday
from the Criminal Investigation Police. One is a high-level employee of the
Domestic Trade Ministry and the other two work at the port, where one is a section
chief and the other is a cargo checker. After being arrested they were turned
over to the People's Court of the city, along with the documents concerning the
case, to be tried.

The rice ‘that spoiled in the port of Maputo had been part of a substantial ship-
ment that arrived in our country in December of last year; a portion of it remained
in the port of Maputo until affected by the heavy rains that occurred last February.

Shortly after the arrival of this shipment, the rice that was for the city of
Maputo was immediately unloaded and distributed for local consumption; the portion
that was for the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane had to wait for transportation.

When the deterioration of a substantial part of this cereal became known, it was
possible to reclaim 882 sacks after careful preparation in a food-processing
plant in the nation's capital.

An explanation given at that time by the Port Authority alleged that when the
rice was affected by the rain it was already under the responsibility of the
Consumer Goods Importing Company (IMBEC), remaining in the port stored in railway
cars. It is presumed that this storage was not well done, and as a result the
rainwater got inside the railway cars.

As soon as police officials became aware of the occurrence, they initiated ap-
propriate investigations among all parties involved in the matter, which have now
culminated in the arrest of the three employees mentioned.

Results of Investigation

During the investigations made into this matter by the Criminal Investigation
Police, "the criminal responsibility" of the three persons "in the deterioration

21



respective plans. Therefore, it maybe claimed that the matter of the ‘port
infrastructures has already been.settled. The solution just depends on. time.
A considerablé amount has been accomplished in the transportation area, but
we still have problems. Despite everything, with the program that we have,
we shall have many of the structural problems solved within a few years.

Now, it is all a matter of effectiveness. We already have the necessary
investments for solving the most pressing problems.

In connection with land transportation, the situation is considerably more
complicated; although, from our point of view, the problem ‘there is primarily
one of organization. The state's intervention there will not make itself
felt; in other words, the state's intervention in that area will be minimal.
The problem entails organization, orientation and discussion with the business
owners in the sector.

All the Years Have Been Years of News Media
DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: And what about the news media?

Pedro Pires: The news media are very important to us, owing to their extremely
varied functions: the function of reporting, of giving news, but also the
function of training; in addition to which, of course, is their significant
cultural function.

Hence, this is also a problem that we have already resolved. We have already
converted the weekly publication into a semiweekly publication (your ‘presence
here is extremely important, because it is a major element in the implementa-
tion of that policy), which will facilitate the role of the written press.

The minimum has been guaranteed. Now it is a matter of improving ‘the quality, ©
improving the material conditions, and also improving the technicians, the
professionals participating in that séctor.

As for radio, the idea is to create a national radio. There is also a program
in this area already; we have the legislation ready, and we have an ‘institution
that will be responsible for this. The problem is one of putting the technical
resources into operation. We have a serious problem in connection with the
personnel; but at present there are many people who are interested. Since it
is a new sector, people view it with a certain amount of mistrust, in connec-
tion with the future of a career. We think that people are now viewing the
sector's development in a better way. So, there are already what we might
term the psychological conditions for its development.

In the television sector, we have an experimental television that is rather
small, without much ambition. In spite of everything, it could'also play a’
rather important informational and cultural role.. It: is.a:matter of our
knowing how to use it for our benefit.. From what has been’done: thus far, we
think that, despite its limitations, we can still improve its quality consi-—
derably.



The contract signed with the Swedish company in 1984 has a 5-year duration and
covers technology transfer, technical assistance, investment in equipment and
occupational training. Raw materials for production of agricultural implements
are practically assured for these 5 years.

Moreover, there will be large investments in construction for the three Agro-Alfa
plants starting this year. The total amount for the project of cooperation between
Agro-Alfa and AB Overums Bruk is 500,000 contos.

In the field of occupational training, Agro-Alfa workers in the areas of tool shop
and foundry will serve an internship in the Swedish agricultural-implement company.
Moreover, occupational training will be provided in Mozambique within the frame-
work of this program.

At present most of the Agro-Alfa output is being channeled to the provinces of
Maputo, Gaza, Inhambane, Tete, Nampula, Zambezia and Niassa.

Despite the substantial improvements made in ‘production of agricultural implements
since the company was established, some serious organizational problems remain

that must be solved.

This was one of the questions raised by [Industry and Power] Minister Antonio
Branco, at the official opening of the Week of Industry at Agro-Alfa. For ex-
ample, the company was given the task of immediately defining all positions and
responsibilities within its organization structure, including management, the
party cell, trade unions and others, so that all may know their responsibilities.

8834
CSO: 3442/302

26



In structuring the SA Army,
therefore; we must take into account
the possibility of a conventional,
mechanised assault across one or
more boundaries in support of a
“horde” and of widespread internal
unrest, terrorism, sabotage and
guerilla operations. This forces us into
a dual structure along the lines of our
existing organisation and requires an
overall strength of roughly the same
order, that is to say around the 350 000
theoretically mobilisable mark. The
conventional or manoeuvre force
alone will need to field some ten or so
large brigades or small divisions,
thereby taking up something like
150 000 men with only minimal provi-
sion for supporting troops and ser-
vices and for reserves. Mr Myburgh’s
70 000 man force would, | fear, be used
up rather quickly in a real war. Also, he
has made no provision for any of the
supporting elerrents his rather small
brigades would require in anything but
combat against his forseen “hordes”.
The small Spanish brigade to which
Mr Myburgh refers appears to be
essentially an intervention force which
is intended to handle short-term or
minor problems or to be linked up with
by conventional ground forces. It is
hardly a basis on which we can ground
the organisation of our manoeuvre for-
mations.

The matter of internal security, rear
areas support, et al, would probably
require some 150 000 of the remaining
200 000. Whether these 150.000 men
are seen as a part of the Army or as a
part of the Police or as an independent
“third force” or whatever, is largely
academic. This manpower would still
have to be found by means of a na-
tional service system. To my mind it
would still have to be preferable to fill
some of these slots with men cycled
out of the conventional force for
reasons of age, business com-
mitments, etc who could take on the
bulk of the non-continuous duties of
such a force. The not inconsiderable
standing or semi-standing element
that would be required in wartime will
have to be drawn from among younger
mén in competition with the conven-
tional or manoeuvre force.

95

We are thus not left with much
leeway from the present force
strength that is theoretically available
to us. The remaining 50000 of the
theoretical 350 000 figure will be targe-
ly used up by the various centralised
services and to allow for those person-
nel who would for one or another
reason not be available for call-up.
This is always assuming that we do
not indulge in a major expansion of
either the SAAF or the SAN, which bet-
ween them are at present estimated to
draw about 43000 men in wartime
from the overall national total of
around 400 000 theoretically available.

Against this background, a profes-
sional force is simply not a feasible
proposition. A small professtonally-
manned manoeuvre element forming a
part of a larger, militia-based, army
would, on the other hand, be an ex-
tremely attractive concept. Compris-
ing, perhaps, a mechanised brigade
supported by some motorised infantry
and a small airborne element. this
would provide a force to carry out any
necessary cross-border strikes,
without having to resort to either
calling-up reserves and thereby com-
promising security, or to Interrupting
training cycles. At the same time,
such a force would insure to some ex-
tent against possible military adven-
turism on the part of our potential
enemies. It would also provide a smalt
conventional covering force which
would go some way towards freeing
us from the danger of being forced In-
to either major pre-emption or
“strangulation by mobilisation”,
which Is always a serious weakness of
any militia-based defence and which
has been In large part responsible for
Israel’s aggressive stance — a stance
which the international political situa-
tion will not allow us.



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU ACCUSED OF DOUBLE TALK ON DISINVESTMENT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 May 85 p 8
[Editorial: "Double-Barreled Propaganda"]

[Text] The precarious political activities of Bishop Desmond Tutu in his
attempts to get at the South African government are going on their merry way,
as is again evident from his statements on his American visit.

One of the most striking features of his statements is his double-barreled
propaganda on the question of foreign economic sanctions against South Africa.

On the one hand, he frequently says that he cannot speak out in favor of dis-
investment, ostensibly because this would be a punishable offense in South
Africa. But is it not in fact because he clearly understands that he has no
mandate from South Africa's blacks to advocate sanctions which, if they were
to succeed, would hit those people the hardest?

Yet he makes no secret of how he feels about the issue. He even encourages
Americans demonstrating in favor of disinvestment to continue their actions.
"Apartheid" will supposedly die out quickly if America pursues the same policy
towards South Africa as it is pursuing towards Nicaragua, against which a
general economic boycot was recently imposed.

The other day, the bishop was "magnanimous" enough to give the South African
government a two-year grace period before he would campaign for economic steps
against the country.

Some time or another, he will have to stop riding more than one political horse
at a time. Goodness only knows if and when this will happen, since he appears
to be totally swept away by the intoxicating atmosphere of Tutu glorification
being accorded him in America. This is becoming so bad that Sunday the mayor
of San Francisco compared him in one breath with Jesus Christ, Martin Luther
King and Gandhi! :

12271
cso: 3401/206

88



There remains only the problem of. the national news agency. We already know
how that institution must operate, but.at present I consider it preferable

to start up what we already have, to improve the working conditions that
already exist, to lend greater efficiency'to the resources that we have
available and to leave the opening of the agency for later; even though it

is an extremely necessary and useful.element. -It.is all a matter of priority.
We must wait a few months, and develop what we have, so as’to progress later.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: We have the impression that. 1985 is the year of the news
media in Cape Verde. One need only note the challenge represented ‘by televi-
sion, national radio, the move from the weekly to the semiweekly publication
and the dream that will become Cabopress.

Pedro Pires: All the years have been years of the news media. This year is,
but last year was also; because we have been creating the conditions that have
made that progress possible. The problem is that was an effort that people
failed to see, often having the impression that nothing is being done. It was
not until later that they, in fact, started observing it. :

We Have Made a Great Effort to Develop Agriculture

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Mr Prime Minister, among the many questions that we would
like to ask there is one very important one regarding famine which, as we
know, is afflicting a considerable portion of the world, especially the African
continent. How does Cape Verde stand in relation to this problem?

Pedro Pires: We have not yet succeeded in eliminating the causes of famine, or
the danger of famine. As I remarked earlier, we have a structural food shortage
and our economy does not have sufficient resources with which to promote a
development capable of allowing the elimination of that shortage. We need
financial investments to heighten that development. Therefore, there is still
the danger of famine; because its causes have not yet been completely surmounted.
It is a problem of development and distribution.

But insofar as chronic famine, acute famine, is concerned, one does not find in
Cape Verde the desperate situation. currently being experienced in other’ coun-
tries. We have succeeded in resolving, I would not say 100 percent, but a
considerable portion of the food problem. We have made an effort, a great
effort, to develop agriculture. One can observe our quite well supplied

market. For this purpose, we have had rather sizable international support,
through bilateral and multilateral cooperation. We have available’for this a
large distribution network and, at the same time, a rather good storage capacity.
We have a series of programs: of support for children. from age zero to 6 years,
support for children of school age and support for the vulnerable groups.

The problem of acute famine and the distribution situation ‘have been more or
less solved in Cape Verde; because we are familiar with our..problems in the
food area, we have enacted a policy that removes us from.a situation of acute
malnutrition, a situation of acute famine. Hence, we have*managed to surmount



Despite these underlying
misconceptions, Mr Myburgh's ‘argu
ment is certainly valid when it comes
to contrasting the quality of the pro-
fessional soldier with that of. the un-
willing conscript or even the short-
term volunteer. The problem lies in the
difficulty of attracting and paying suf-
ficient of these professional soldiers
to field an army capable of doing the
job. This is not made any easier by the
growing complexity of land warfare,
which raises the minimum intellectual
Jevel. required..of even ‘the simple
soldier to where the army must be in
direct competition with industry and
commerce for his services. This, in
turn, raises two difficulties, one of
which is finding the funds to pay a pro-
fessional army. The British have
calculated that a private soldier costs
somewhere around £12 000 per annum
to pay and maintain. The second dif-
ficulty is of even greater import to a
developing economy such as ours —
while it is unhealthy to withdraw men
from the economy for regular camps,
etc, would it not be even . more
unhealthy to withdraw a large number
permanently from the economy?

Mr Myburgh addresses. these pro-
blems, in effect, by underestimating
the threat, seeing it as essentially
African manned and operating on a
basis closely akin to that of the Cen-
tral Asian horde. While this is certain-
ly one possible form which the threat
might take, it also represents an easy
way out for one arguing the pros of a
small professional army. Unfortunate-
ly, an army size, structure and
organisation predicated on dealing
with such a threat would be unable to
deal with a moderately large and.well-
equipped mechanised proxy force
operating in support of such a horde.
In this regard it is as well to bear in
mind the size of the Soviets’. Ro-Ro
and Ro-Flo fleet. While their actual
naval amphibious capability is hardly
startling, it is this component of their
merchant marine that gives them
Strategic mobility of the first order. It
is certainly sufficient to move all the
vehicles and stores of a typical All
Arms Army to anywhere in the world
with half-way reasonable port
facilities without in any way stretching
its resources. The Soviet deployments
of equipment and Cuban troops to
Angola and Ethiopia were carried out
in relatively short order without mak-
ing much use of this capability and
were certainly impressive enough.

94

Given that a nation’s defence plann-
ing must ‘be carrled out on “worst
possible case that can be at all deait
with” basis, we. must take into ac-
count the possibility of .a multi-
division proxy force arriving on our
doorstep over a relatively short period.
Certainly not a period of days or even
a few weeks, but certainly much faster
than we could reorganise our army to
meet such a new threat. Those who
would argue that such a deployment is
“impossible” would do well to look
again at Angola and Ethiopia. Certain-
ly one senior officer who is no longer
serving must have been rather embar-
rassed by those events, having shortly
before gone on record in discussion
with a recently retired NATO genera!
that “it is logistically impossible for -
any external power to deploy and
operate a division-sized or larger force
in Africa south of the Sahara”.

We all live and learn, but in the war
business it is as well to learn from
others mistakes rather than our own,
and to gamble only if there is no other
way. We have, in fact, spent most of
the post war period gambling that

- there would ‘be no conventional or

semi-conventional near. or medium-
term threat. We were lucky. One result,
however, has been that, despite recent
and continuing: major re-equipment,
the Army is still badly under-equipped
in some crucial categories. Address-
ing this problem is going to represent
a major drain on available funds at .
precisely the time when we should be

‘looking at the question of fighter and
attack aircraft replacements for the
SAAF, which will soon be facing a bloc
obsolesence problem and is already
very, short of long-range attack air-
craft. We really cannot expect to get
away with the same gamble a second
time.



totally inadequate and a large percen-
tage of this already small number are
approaching the end of their useful
lives. (The Mirage-Ill was designed fora
service life of 25 years. The Mirage Il
C2’s are already 22-years old!) Even
more serious is our inability to replace
any losses, in war or peace. Even if the
Mirages were updated, at tremendous
cost, this fundamental problem will re-
main.

Now let's ignore numbers for a while
and compare our best fighters with
some of the world’s leading combat air-
craft. It is generally accepted that the
current best fighters are the FIS and
F16. With fuel, pilot, ammunition and
missiles, the F16 has a thrust to weight
ratio of 1.02 and a wing loading of 397
kg/m. The F15 has a thrust to weight
tatio of 1.15'and a wing loading of 333
kgim2. Russia’s latest fighters have
equally impressive performance. In
comparison the Mirage F1 has a thrust
to weight ‘ratio of 0,63 and a. wing
loading of 460 kg/m?. It is hardly
necessary for me to comment that this
is rather less than Satisfactory. (For the
sake of new or young readers, .| shall
explain that a high thrust to weight
ratio improves acceleration, while low
wing loading makes a fighter more
agile. The combination of HIGH thrust
to weight ratio and LOW wing loading
improves sustained turn rate, the single

most important factor in air to air com: *

bat).

But what caused this unsatisfactory
situation? Firstly, the fact that we have
been involved in a COIN war for so
long, led many people to think a con-
ventional war against us is impossible.
This led to overspending on the army,
very little spending on the navy, and vir-
tually no spending on air defence.
Secondly those who do plan for a con-
ventional war, base their planning on
the capabilities of. our immediate
neighbours. Keeping in mind Russia's.
tremendous airlift capability, this is a
rather short sighted approach. | think
aircraft that can be airlifted in at short
notice sould-play a bigger role in our
planning. To summarise — we have a
definite fighter-gap, and our
technological lead may disappear in a
very short time.

99

The measures that can be taken to
solve our problems can be divided into
3 categories: immediate, short term
and mediun'term. |.exclude long term -
plans, for: if we rely on long term.
measures to close the fighter-gap,
there may be no SAAF by the time they
come into effect!

Immediate:

There is in fact very little that can be.
done immediately. Modernisation,
regrouping of squadrons etc. only delay
the inevitable and don't solve our big-
gest problem, the inability to replace
any losses. And modernisation is not
so inexpensive as some people like to
think. To update 1960's Mirages (built
with 1955 technology) into agile 1985
dogfighters, will ‘waste millions of

.fands, money which could be better

spent on fighter research and develop-
ment.

One possible immediate stopgap
would be a bigger role for the Impala
mk II. Now the Impala is no fighter,.and
no improvements can change that, but
they happen to be available in
reasonable. numbers. The MB 326K
(Italian cousins of our mk II's) can carry
2 teat-seeking missiles. | don’t know
whether our Impalas have such a .
capability, but if not it can be added at
reasonable cost. To the best of my
knowledge, the Impala can out-
manoeuvre any Mach 2 fighter (due to
low wing loading —~ only about 210
kg/m). So, by combining the agile Im-
pala with the look-and-shoot Kukn, we
can create:a relatively effective POINT
DEFENCE interceptor for, say Durban
and Cape Town. | must stress, however,
that this can. be no more than a
stopgap.



NYERERE ADMITS SOCIALIZATION WAS MISTAKE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 May 85 p 12

[Text] NATROBI. — Tanza-

cso:

nian President, Julius
Nyerere said in an in-
terview released yes-
terday thatthe sweep-
ing ‘socialist policies he
instigated in 1967 were
partly to. blame for the
country’s cufrent econ-
omic crisis. :

: Dr Nyerere told Nor-
way’s state broadcasting
organisation that the goal
of self-reliance set out in
the country’s socialist
blueprint, the Arusha
Declaration of 1967, had
not been reached and that
his government had made
“a number of mistakes”.

:, Too: many  entérprises
were nationalised, he
said. He is currently tour-
ing. Nordic. countries,
which. provide the bulk of
the. East African coun-
try’sR1,2-billion a year

It had also been:a mis-
take to have replaced the
co-operative _rhovement
with loss-making central-

. teased in Nairobi, -

3400/323

with . the International
Monetary Fund . (IMF)

because of its conditions. ~

If he had agreed to the
conditions, which he did
not divulge, “we would

have reached breaking

point .... and I would
have been forced to use

1980, accusing it of de-
manding —_ unacceptably
harsh conditions like a
huge devaluation, freeing
of government prices and

spending cuts. .

The talks later resumed
as “Tanzania’s economic
crisis deepened: Output
in almost every sector has

fallen over the years, in-”

dustrial plant is working
at less than 40 percent of
capacity and there is a
chronic foreign exchange

shortage.

Dr Nyerere said Tanza-
nia would continue to ne~
gotiate with the IMF until
it-reached an acceptable
agreement,’ but said the
fund. was “an instrument
of destabilisation of the
Third World”.

He said: that donor

omic reforms from poor
countries. “It is a new.
conditionality

say) if you do not have an-
agreement with the IMF,
we will not give you aid”

115

“Completely frankly;
at present an agreement
with the IMF is a certifi-
cate of respectability, a
certificate of humiliation,
a. certificate of neo-colo-
nialism . . .” he said.

He said it was iniqui-
tous that starving Africa
should have to pay R24-
billion of interest on its
R300-billion of debts this

year.

President Nyerere left
Bonn yesterday for Stock-
holm after-two days of of-
ficial talks in West Ger-
many with top govern-
ment and industrial offic-
ials.

“During his stay in
Bonn, ‘Dr Nyerere met
President Richard von
Weizsaecker, Chancellor
Helmut Kohl, the Foreign
Minister, Mr Hans-
Dietrich Genscher, and
other leading West Ger-
man politicians to discuss
bilateral and international
questions.

He also met top indus-
trial and economic ex-
perts to discuss expanded
trade possibilities for
Tanzania, but: said this
could not be achieved
without the — financial
backing to improve indus-
trial output in his country.
— Sapa-Reuter-AP.

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

TANZANIA



"While saying this, it is also an absolutely urgent necessity that black
organizations unite," stated the editorial.

It is going. to be a rocky path, as Bishop Desmond Tutu must have discovered
at this early stage. Organizations such as the UDF and AZAPO must grow up and
stop their petty fighting. The reality of the presence of Inkatha in black
communities will have to be accepted as well.

Children will have to accept the fact that they must suffer. the consequences
if they become active participants in revolutionary change.

In an editorial, the daily SOWETAN says that scarcely a day goes by that vio-
lence does not break: out in-black residential areas. Some observers believe
that a subculture of. violence is being created. This is especially true with
respect to schoolchildren. Violence is becoming chronic.

Many blacks are beginning to accept violence as part of their lives. The
problem is limited to black residential areas, but will inevitably spill over.

The newspaper refers to the recent bomb explosions at two mining companies in
Johannesburg and says that this not only focused international attention on
the lot of mine workers, but also must have jolted South Africa's leaders.

"We are afraid that unless something is done quickly, violence will. become
uncontrollable. Children in residential areas are relying increasingly on
the use of violence to help their cause."

A report in the Sunday newspaper CITY PRESS states that the attack: on. the
offices of the two mining companies represents an important. expansion of the
ANC's guerrilla war.

The ANC has added to its list of targets the names of companies that in its
opinion trample on the interests of workers. According to the report, ANC
spokesmen have acknowledged that they are responsible for the attacks, and
have confirmed the growth of their armed struggle.

The report says that the ANC has now declared war on South Africa's largest
company, Anglo-American Corporation, and on one of the most important other
companies, Anglo Vaal.

This has important political and ideological implications, not only within the
ANC, but also in the broader context of the conflicts that are now threatening

to develop on a national scale.

In the article "Joe's 'Burg" in the SOWETAN SUNDAY MIRROR, reference is made
to a letter in a newspaper for whites in which whites are asked to stand to-
gether against the disturbances in black areas. The letter was signed by
"Fedup'en Dik" of Kempton Park. .

62



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA _

COLOREDS NOT YET ACCEPTED FOR MEMBERSHIP IN FAK
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11.May 85 p 4

[Article: "Professor Gawie Cillie: Coloreds Not in FAK Yet"]

[Text] Professor Gawie Cillie, chairman of the FAK [Federation of Afrikaans
Cultural Societies] said yesterday in Cape Town that he is "excited" about
steps taken by the Afrikaans Language Foundation (ATF) to make Afrikaans the
connecting language of South Africans of all colors, "but right now there is
no talk of coloreds becoming members of the FAK."

Professor Cillie was approached for comments after Mr Sybrand van Wyk, chair-
man of the ATF, announced that the ATF recently raised its number of colored
members to five. The ATF is the first Afrikaans cultural organization to open

its doors to coloreds.

"The FAK was talking in the tenor of the need to promote Afrikaans across color
and language borders as early as 1982. We are working on a large project on
language, aimed at English speakers and blacks," Professor Cillie said.

Own Affairs

"We would be glad to help coloreds create their own cultural organizations. We
are very enthusiatic about any efforts to have people speak Afrikaans."

The ATF is not affiliated with the FAK, but according to Mr Van Wyk, the two
entities cooperate "closely."

This attitude of Professor Cillie reflects a view expressed in cultural circles
that the FAK should remain the Afrikaner's "own affair," while Afrikaans is a
"general affair."

The SA Academy for Arts and Science, on the other hand, has no color restric-
tions in its constitution and statutes.

68



The most notable Ghana-Japan
contract of cooperation was signed last
year under which a grant of $26 million
was offered to Ghana to be used in the
buiding of a microwave telecommuni-
cation project in the country to be
undertaken by the Nippon Electric
Company of Japan. This project which
will take 18-24 months to complete will
hopefully enable instant transmission
of radio and television signals to all
parts of the country. It was at the
signing of the contract on this tele
project, the Japanese Overseas
Economic Cooperation Fund for Tele-
communication Expansion Project,
that the NEC Director, a Mr I.
‘Takahara was reported to have said:
“The Nippon Electric Company
(NEC) is prepared in rain or shine to
help Ghana in all her sophisticated
economic programmes . ...”’ and how
true that was, for a few days later, the
same company chalked another con-
tract for the supply and installation of
new equipment for the GBC, designed
to introduce colour television into the
country. The contract worth over £70
million is part of a £210 million grant
which the Japanese have offered and
for which her major electronics com-
panies are directly involved and
benefitting.

As part of this huge grant, 65
million has been set aside for financing
a material and child nutrition improve-
ment programme. According to the
Japanese ambassador M. Nakano,
“Ghana’s children need good nutrition
to become strong and healthy leaders
of the future and the grant is to provide
Ghanaian mothers with canned fish to
those who have never been near the sea
in their lives’. A beautiful cunning
diplomatic way to open export markets
for Japanese sardines in Ghana, no
doubt.

13

In the field of health, the Noguchi
Memorial Research Institute for
Yellow Fever is the most remarkable
testimony of Japanese assistance and
their continuing concern about the
functioning of the Research Centre was
demonstrated with the grant of 80
million Yen for improving power
supplies to the centre. In 1983,
Ghana’s Primary Health Care
programme received a Japanese aid of
250 million Yen. In addition to these,
the Japanese generosity came in
response to Ghana appeal for food aid
in 1984 when in April, $350,000 was
offered as a contribution to the
National Emergency Food Programme
and again $800,000 were donated for
the resettlement of deportees from
Nigeria in March 1983.

Japanese economic assistance to

Ghana are penetrating all spheres of
the National Economic recovery
programme. The rehabilitation of
facilities at Ghanaian ports has
attracted a Japanese grant of $24
million repayable in 30 years at a 3.3%
rate of interest. It makes all the sense
for if the Nippon company is to ship all
their hardware for the P&T Corp and
GBC projects, then the ports at Tema
and Takoradi must be overhauled for
easy access.

In road construction and
maintenance, the Japanese have
offered considerably technical and
financial assistance. A grant of 600
million Yen was taken in 1982 for the
reconstruction of Nkawkaw-Kumasi
roads. The grant of 200 million Yen in
1981 was used for purchase of
Japanese trucks. Thus one can
understand the large number of
Mitsubishi vehicles involved with road
maintenance work in the country,
giving a clear evidence of the aggressive
trade that Japan is pushing for her
industries at home. In December 1983,
another 500 million Yen was granted
for the repair of the Accra-Aflao road.

For the past three years, the
agricultural sector of Ghana’s
Economic recovery programme has
received substantial packages of credits
and loan from the Japanese
government.



Similarly, a small standing internal
security force which could handle riot
control and small-scale insurgency
problems would bring several advan-
tages, not least freeing the police from
the unhappy riot control task to con-
centrate on its role as the “friend and
helper” of all inhabitants of the coun-
try. Ideally, we would be looking at a
“third force” in this regard, rather than.
an element of the Army, the employ-
ment of which will always make a riot
look like a revolution in the making to
overseas observers. Such a “third
force” could also conveniently and
practically be tasked with border con-
trol and similar missions. Army inter-
nal security elements would then only
need to be called up in the event of
war or large-scale insurrection at
which time the “third force’ would
come under army control.

Given such standing forces to han-
dle a large proportion of less-than-
worst-case situations, we could pro-
bably reduce the period of national
service once the SWA situation is out
of the way. Men called up for the
manoeuvre force would probably still
need to serve for fifteen to eighteen
months if they are to be thoroughly
trained and, have that training firmed
by means of lengthy unit and
formation-level field exercises. Men
called up for the internal security
elements of the army and for some of
the supporting services of the
manoeuvre force, could probably be
adequately trained up in a twelve
month period. The need for extended
call-ups would then also fall away ex-
cept in the most serious situation,
greatly reducing the burden on the
Citizen Force and Commandos. An
ideal refresher/updating training cycle
under these circumstances could be
based essentially on that already in
use with many units and would pro-
vide for:

1. One day per week for leader group
and administrative personnel;

2.0ne weekend per month for leader
group, administrative and other key
personnel and specialists;

96

3.An annual field exercise, either as a
part of the parent formation or simp-
ly as a unit;

4.Promotion and other courses as
needed, if necessary in place of the
field exercise in alternate years, the
latter then being replaced by a
shorter -- say one week —- training
period.

The standing forces themselves
could be made up of a mix of profes-
sional officers, career and short-service
NCOs and short-service other ranks.
The short-service career pattern for
both NCOs and the other ranks could
profitably be linked to a retraining
scheme which would Prepare the
former soldier for a career in civilian
life. In some cases this would be easy,
as the man concerned might have serv-
ed as an artisan or as a Specialist in
some field needing skills easily con-
verted to civilian application. Where
this is not so, a lengthier and more
complex training period would be need-
ed, preferably provided by funding a
place at a technikon. Personnel com-
pleting short service contracts could
also prove a valuable source of future
resident farmers in border areas, given
suitable training — an approach used
with some success by the Pakistan Ar-
my, albeit on a lower level. Another
Possibility might be to follow the old
German example and link the short ser-
vice NCO career to a guaranteed post
in the civil service which would provide

the necessary retraining.

We have thus arrived at something
Closely akin to General Guilford’s con-
cept with the major difference that the
national service call-up, while shorten-
ed, has not been reduced. This is of.
vital importance if we are not to en-
counter the same interlinked dif-
ficulties of morale, motivation and
discipline which plagued the US Army
of the Vietnam era and for some time
beyond.



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CAIA DIRECTOR REVEALS CAUSES OF LOW PRODUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 May 85 p 2

[Report on interview with Arnaldo Ribeiro, director of the Angonia Agra-Industrial
Complex [CAIA] of Tete Province: "Delays in Planting Reduce Production"; exact
time and place of interview and name of interviewer not given]

[Text] The Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex was unable to farm all the areas that
had been planned for the 1984-85 crop year. Several technical factors were influ-
ential in preventing the production goals from being reached. One of the conse-
quences of insufficient planting is loss of 8,000 contos of seed potatoes. In an
interview given our staff, the director of the Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex
(CAIA), Arnaldo Ribeiro, mentioned the major causes for low production in that
agricultural complex, which is the granary of Tete Province.

The district of Angonia not only includes production of the state sector, but also
of the family, cooperative and private sectors. These sectors have been supported

directly by the CAIA.

In the state sector, which includes the CAIA firm, prospects are poor, as the area
cultivated in the 1984-85 crop year is much less than in previous years.

This firm produced 16,000 tons of corn 3 years ago. This year, the amount that
has been planted will not yield an output anywhere near that figure. .

Due to several difficulties faced by the CAIA firm during the 1984-85 crop year,
an area of only 1,300 hectares was planted to corn. This planted area was not
properly controlled; if it had been, the company would have obtained high yields.

The small area planted to corn was due to the fuel problem, besides the fact that
the technical means used were old.

Due to difficult transportation conditions via either highway or railway with
Beira and Nacala, fuel supplies were much less than what the company needed.

The director of the Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex asserted that the little fuel

that the company received did not arrive until the second half of November, later
than required by the technical agricultural plan.

18



JPRS~SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SOVIET BOOK EXHIBITION OPENS--"The victory of the Soviet Union over fascism was

a victory not only for the Soviet people but for all humanity over exploitation
and it created conditions for the liberation of other peoples," declared Deputy
Education Minister Carlos Beirao during the inaugural ceremony for an exhibition
of Soviet books commemorating the 40th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi-fascism.
The exhibit, resulting from collaboration of the USSR embassy in our country and
the National Book and Record Institute [INLD], was inaugurated last Monday in the
INLD Library No. 2 (better known as the Coop Library), with the presence of the
deputy education minister, the Soviet counsel, Pavel Chmelkov, and INLD director
Armenio Correia, as well as the diplomatic corps accredited in the Mozambican
capital and the Soviet community residing here. Through Soviet publications in
Portuguese, French, Spanish, English and Russian, INLD Library No. 2 is presenting
to the Mozambican public a record of that victory which, as the deputy education
minister said, created conditions to aid the liberation of many peoples of Africa,
Asia and Latin America. [Excerpts] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 May 85 p 2]
8834

TRADE-UNLON CADRE TRAINING--Seventy trade-union leaders are to be trained or re-
trained in two courses being held in the city of Quelimane and in Macuse,’in the
province of Zambezia. Those who will benefit from the training are union activists
or secretaries of rank-and-file committees, These initiatives are among the
efforts being made to raise the quality of union leadership. According to OTM
[Organization of Mozambican Workers], cadres were selected who will later attend
courses in that organization's central school. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portu-
guese 7 May 85 p 2] 8834

CSO: 3442/290

47



IJPRS-SSA-85-052

24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ISSUE OF CONSCRIPTION VERSUS PROFESSIONAL ARMY EXAMINED

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English May 85 pp 6-8, 11

[Article by Helmoed-Romer Heitman]

[Text]

The conscript versus professional
army issue has brought one of the very
rare debates of a defence issue in this
country. As such, it has done our
defence much good. Much of the
debate has, however, been rather ill-
informed, with really only Mr Philip
Myburgh and General |.S. Guilford pro-
viding an informed and thought-out
contribution, Both in effect argue for a
combined regular/reserve force and
this does certainly seem to hold out
the best prospects for meeting our
defence needs without damaging the
economy. Both do, however, also leave
some weaknesses in their arguments.
Another argument that has received
some prominence is Sir Richard Luyt's
~~ expressed in an address to the
Black Sash — which is dangerously
ill-conceived. :

Before looking at the arguments of
Messrs Myburgh and Guilford and at
the general picture, it is necessary to
deal briefly with Sir Richard Luyt’s
frightening misconception of the
defence situation. Specifically, it is

. Necessary to finally lay to rest the no-
tion that because South Africa went
through two world wars without con:
scription, there is no need for it now.
Neither in 1914 nor in 1939 was there
any immediate direct threat to South
Africa. We could, therefore, take the

92

time to build up and train forces up to
a level where they were combat-ready.
This would hardly apply in the Present
case where there is a direct, if not yet
immediate, threat to South African ter-
ritory. The luxury afforded us in 1914
and 1939 will thus not again be
available. We will have to fight what
the Americans like to call a “come as.
you are war". Finally, Sir Richard
would do well to bear in mind that we
did not find sufficient volunteers after
the desert campaigns to fill out the
originally planned force for Europe,
having to settle for sending only one
division. This in the middle of a war
widely regarded as “just” and
marketed as such by the press. How
would we in peacetime find sufficient
volunteers to man a useful army to
deal with some future threat in the
face of press and political opposition?

Mr Myburgh's argument, well resear-
Ched and reasoned though it is, does
P some extent rest on misconcep-
ions:

1. Did the British, Canadian,
Australian and New Zealand armies
really switch away from conscription
out of military conviction, or was it
perhaps in rather larger part due to a
political situation which did not readi-
ly allow conscription to continue? Cer-
tainly the US Army “went



JPRS-SSA-85~052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

RADIO PLANT TO INCREASE PRODUCTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 May 85 p 3
{Article by Abdul Carimo]

[Text] ELECTROMOC (State Electronic and Electrical Manufacturing Enterprise)

is trying to reach proper utilization of its installed capacity to produce 360,000
"Xirico" radio sets annually by working three shifts, as it is now using only one.
From this year through 1989 it will have a program in cooperation with a firm of
the German Democratic Republic [GDR]. Moreover, Mozambique and the GDR are study-
ing the possibility of producing electrical transformers in this country in order
to overcome the serious shortage of electrical batteries. Until now, 500,000
"Xirico" radios have been produced in.Mozambique.

With about 180 workers, of which 81 are women, the Electronic Appliance Factory,
which is part of ELECTROMOC, was established in 1980 and produces 620 radio sets
daily. Its output is regularly sold in this country by ZUID, which receives 95
percent of the sets produced, by UNIVENDAS, which supplies the Tete market and
also by the Bras & Costa firm, which supplies the Niassa market.

The managing director of ELECTROMOC, Valeriano Pedro, told NOTICIAS that the raw
material used in making and assembling Xirico radios is guaranteed by the GDR,
which has been cooperating with our country in this industry since 1980. By the
end of this year the Electronic Appliance Factory hopes to produce 170,000 radios.
The established plan is for 180,000, but the plant has had some work stoppages
due to. the energy problem.

"We have two important sections in this factory. One, pre-assembly, is devoted
exclusively to working with the electronic component and the mechanical part.
The other is devoted to final assembly and technical tests," one of the company's

managers told us.

Stronger Cooperation with GDR

As the company's managing director said, in the 1985-89 period ELECTROMOC will
continue its cooperation with the German Democratic Republic in order to better
utilize installed capacity of 360,000 radio sets a year, working three shifts.
The latest population census indicated that there are 3 million families in Mozam-
bique, only 1/2 million of which have radios.

30



The Volta Regional Agricultural
Development Programme
(VORADEP) and its Upper Regional
counterpart (URADEP) have been
given nearly $2 million dollars for the
purchase of Japanese fertilizers and
recently 200 million Yen was made
available by the Japanese government
for the purchase of fertilisers by the
Food Production Corporation. In the
area of fishing, the Department of
Fisheries have received a 420 million
Yen fishing vessel through a grant
offered in 1983, and in several coastal
areas in Ghana, cooperation fishing
organisations are being offered
technical and practical advice involving
new methods in fishing.

Japanese outboard motors, spare
parts and fishing gear have found

ready markets here in Ghana and for
them business have never been any
better. In actual fact, trading activities
between Ghana and Japan have been
on the increase since the sharp decline
of the late seventies.

For the Ghana Water and Sewerage
Corporation, it was a momentous
occasion when they received a 47
million tons worth of heavy duty
trucks, tyres and tubes and spare parts
from the Japanese government. That
was a gift, of course but when you have

learnt to use a gift satisfactorily,
hopefully you will desire to buy more
of same stuff in future. That says quite
enough for Japanese trade planning
and foresight.

One of the publicity stunts and
advertising ever mounted by a
Japanese company was that of the
electronics company Fujitsu Ltd. The
company organised a highly publicised
seminar for a large number of
engineers around the country at which
a new Telecommunications switching
system was unveiled and for which the
Japanese ‘‘praised’? the PNDC
Economic recovery programme and
assured the P&T corporation that the
new switching system would be the
panacea for all their problems!

Japan’s assistance to Ghana
continues because they have found a
favourable atmosphere for the
marketing of their goods. But above
all, the popularity of Japan’s industrial
goods in Ghana accounts for the
expansion of their trade and economic
cooperation with Ghana.

cs0: 3400/330

14


PFP SPLIT OVER ATTITUDES TOWARD SADF, SECURITY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 85 p 4

[Text]

HOUSE OF AS-
-SEMBLY. — The
Leader of the i-
tion, Dr Van Zyl Slab-

bert, took on the job as
defence spokesman of
his party in order to
save it from a looming
split, the Minister of
Defence, General
Magnus Malan, said.

“He has my greatest ,
sympathy,” the Minister
said in replying to the de-
“bate on his budget vote.

“It is a sword hanging
over his head because
there is a serious row in
the Progressive (Federal)
Party over attitudes to-
wards the SA Defence
Force and the security of
our country.”

The party’s Rightwing
was not prepared to ac-
cept the Leftwing’s views
which won the day at
their congresses last year.

cso: 3400/335

“They were not pre-
pared to take over the
Left’s policy and dissemi-
nate it. They do not agree
with the policy and they
are honourable men, not
a bunch of yes-men,” he
said.

Dr Slabbert should say

why he suddenly started

taking an interest in de-
fence because, “generally
he is a fence-sitter.”

Objector

If the Leader of the op-
Position had not taken on
the job himself, “he knew
he would have to give it to
one of his Leftwing men
and then one is not sure
whether you’re not giving

it to. a man with a member
of his family who is a draft
dodger, an objector or a
campaigner against cons-
cription, such as the
member for Pietermaritz-
burg North (Mr Graham

58

MaclIntosh).”

If this happened, Gen
Malan said, it would tear
the PFP in two as the
Rightwing ‘simply would
not have accepted it.

His heart bled for Dr
Slabbert during the de-
bate on Tuesday when Mr
MacIntosh _unjustifiably
crucified the SADF.

.Mr MacIntosh was
éticking up .for South
Africa’s enemies by

pleading the case of a
traitor, Roland Hunter,

He wanted to answer

‘Dr Slabbert’s question re-

garding the Cabinda issue
with counter-questions.

Both Dr Siabbert and
Mr Vause Raw (NRP,
Durban Point) asked the
same question: Why the
urgency?

“Neither doubted the
need for the operation,”
Gen Malan said.

“My question is: If not

JPRS~SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

now, then when would be

_4 more suitable time?”

There was a revolution-
ary climate in the entire
subcontinent.

In the past six months,
since Gorbachev's take-
over of control of the
Kremlin, Angola had
been given 28 MiG 23’s, a
sophisticated R18-million
aircraft with which the
Mirage could not be fairly
compared.

Among other aircraft
Angola had also received
eight M125 helicopters at
a cost of R100-million.

“The balance of power
is being disturbed in the
region and in considering
the budget this will have
to be reckoned with,”
Gen Malan said.

There was no abate-
ment in the onslaught
against South Africa, only
a shift of accent, of access
toutes and of sophis-
tication, he said.


JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SWAZILAND

SUGAR INDUSTRY DIFFICULTIES DESCRIBED

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 7 May 85 p 5

[Text] swaZILAND'S largest

. 7 2 .
employers, the sugar in- 15million The reasons were: The
dustry which has a work remains of the ravages o}

t ons the Cyclone Domoina

force of 16 000 people is
facing serious financial
crises.

The price of sugar at
the world market today
is at its lowest ever ac-
cording to the Sugar
Association General
Manager, Derrick
Johnson.

And there are indica-
tions that retrenchments
may be in sight if the
grim situation persists.

Mr Johnson said, if
the millers and sugar
cane growers continue to
endure this economic
burden, they may be
forced to meet the
‘‘drastic situation with
drastic action.”’

He has been asked if
the crises would amount
to a major cut-back in
staff in the industry.

Sugar-exports amount
to more than 40 percent
of all exports in
Swaziland. Annually
about 4-000 000 tons of
sugar are consumed
globally. ~ .

floating

However, the  situa-
tion is such that about 15
million tons are just
floating and not cir-
culated. Mr Johnson
pointed out that this
meant that even if the
situation could improve,
it will be easy to quickly:
add up production since
the ‘floating sugar’
would have a’chance to
g0 into Girculation:

Cyclone
Domoina

Swaziland is expected
to produce 4-000 000
tons of sugar this-season
and 95 percent will be
for exports.

Presenting a grim
statement to the Press
Mr Johnson noted that,
the sugar industry got
off at a very bad start
this year.

111

resulting in constant
derailment of the trains
carrying sugar to
Mozambique.

“One result of these

_ disruptions has been that

about 3 500 tons of raw
sugar had been spoiled
because of delays in
transportation and the
sugar was caught in the
heavy rains in February
this year,

Financial
losses

“Another result has
been the financial loss
due to delayed
shipments. We are
snaturally hoping that the
problem of movement
via Maputo: would not
be repeated but | fear we
cannot feel too op-
tinistic at this stage.”



MINISTER OF FINANCE DISCUSSES JOB SHORTAGE AT ECAS INAUGURATION

Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 15 May 85 p 1

[Text] “ MORE than 27.000 school-leavers will fail to
‘find jobs by 1990 because of the present
‘ economic situation, the Minister for Finance,
, Mr Sibusiso Dlamini has warned.

: ‘The present economic, ‘ situation is such that 5 500

| school-leavers will fail, every year, to find jobs until
+ 1990, he said. .
‘. Officially launching the newly formed Economic
| Association of Swaziland, Mr Dlamini said: “Much
| as we are striving to increase opportunities in the for-
| mal séctor, we must acknowledge that the formal sec-
* tor will not be able to absorb all job seekers and
‘ hence, we must look to the informal sector and
* agriculture.” . .

+ Mr Dlamini said however, it was extremely dif-
; ficult for government to formulate a policy towards
; the informal sector since it does not know what they
{ Produce, what their demand for production is,
whether there are any opportunities to increase pro-
duction and incomes and their constraints are at the
moment.

“It is in the light of such questions that I look for-
ward to a great deal more from ECAS on this and
similar issues,” he said.

He described as explicit the objectives of the ECAS
which he noted, affect Swaziland’s government.

As one who daily strives towards optimal solu-
tions to Swaziland’s development problems, and who
daily stsuggles with the scarcity of data and informed

* discussions on these matters, I cannot commend this
highly.

. “Policy makers cannot sit on the fence, decisions
must be made, one way of the other;.yet too often
policy must be formulated against a background of
inadequate information, thus greatly increasing the
chances that it will miss the mark,”’ he said.

The ECAS will hold meetings twice a year but may
be called time and again to meetings should the need
arise. .

cso: 3400/337
113

JPRS~SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SWAZILAND



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

CAPE VERDE

PRIME MINISTER DISCUSSES PAST PROGRESS, FUTURE ROLE
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23 May 85 pp 30-32

[Interview with Prime Minister Pedro Pires, by Alexandre Manuel and Fernando
Paulouro Neves; date and location not specified]

{Text] DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Ten years after independence, what assessment can be
made of the course of action that has been pursued?

Pedro Pires: An assessment of this kind could have several features. However,

I would begin by saying that, throughout these past 10 years, the most important
issue has been the assurance that.we can now lead our country, and that, despite
the difficulties, we can build a viable economy in Cape Verde capable of meeting
our needs over the long term. I say this because, at the outset, it was all
like an adventure. We experienced an extremely difficult situation, with limited
resources, lacking any experience, information or tools with which to administer
and promote the country's development.

These past 10 years were difficult but, at the same time, they enabled us to
become familiar with the country and to gain assurance that it is viable, and
that with work, hard work, we can improve the situation and make the set
goals viable.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Hence, an affirmation of great hope.

Pedro Pires: Absolutely. And of course, since independence has been achieved,
we must work in several directions: in the public domain, in administration,

in the institutions and in the economic sector. In this respect, we can claim
that, at present, the institutions in Cape Verde are operating normally, the
organs of power are operating, the state is operating, and so is the administra-
tion. To be sure, there are difficulties and limitations, inasmuch as we lack
experience and have no cadres, as I have already noted earlier.

The problem posed now is that. of reforming and lending effectiveness to the
administration; because without’ it we cannot construct the country, nor can we
be successful in devising and accomplishing the country's development in several
areas.



PRIVATE SECTOR WILL BE TAXED BY NEW COUNCILS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 85 p 10

[Text]

cSO:

3400/335

‘THE new regional ser-

vices councils spelt politi-
cal death for ‘city coun-
cillors aspiring to become
members as they would
be forced.to make “‘con-
cession after concession”
and tax the private sector
until it hurt, the chairman
of the Johannesburg City
Council’s - management
committee, Mr Francois

* Oberholzer, has warned.

However, he said the
new dispensation for local
authorities would be
worth it if peace was fi-
nally brought to the
townships.

Mr Oberholzer _ was
speaking during a four-
hour debate at the city
council’s monthly meet-
ing on Tuesday on a mo-
tion “supporting the steps
taken at central Govern-
ment level to create anew
constitutional dispensa-
tion by evolutionary

vely contribute towards 4
stable and peaceful co-
existence of all communi-
ties in the city.

Despite Progressive
Federal Party opposition,
the council accepted the
motion proposed by the
deputy-leader of the NP

. and member of the man-
agement committee, Mr
Danie van Zyl.

Mr Oberholzer said the
RSC’s would draw funds
from the local authorities,
forcing an increase in mu-

nicipal services fees for’

which individual coun-
cillors would be blamed
by voters.

Mr Oberholzer added
that Whites would be
“provoked” as never be-
fore and would have to
exercise extreme patience
and wisdom in a period
which would see Blacks
sitting in the same council
chamber as Whites for the
first time.

The leader of the oppo-.
sition PFP caucus, Mr
Sam Moss, called on the
State President to make a
clear statement of intent
want real power sharing

power
and the abolition of dis-
ea ee

90

JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Speaking of the role of international institutions in this war, he said that they .
do not always understand the truth about the Gulf War, interpreting issues poorly.

He gave an example, which he considered illuminating, that when Iraq launched
150 missiles against Iran these institutions said nothing. But nine missiles
launched against Iraq by Iran were enough for the international committees to
vehemently condemn Iran.

"In this war, there are two important aspects to keep in mind: who started the
war and who respects international law," declared the charge d'affaires of the

Iranian embassy in Mozambique.

8834
cs0: 3442/302

35



JPRS-SSA-85-052
24 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

DROUGHT RELIEF TO CONTINUE IN PARTS OF GWANDA

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 85 p 3

THE drought relief programme which was to have
[Text ] ended in April in anticipation of a bumper harvest
4g to be continued in some areas of Gwanda.

The Gwanda district drought relief committee
agreed at a meeting recently that although most
people would stop getting drought relief food in the
district some parts should continue to receive it. The
extension of the programme after the April deadline
comes after recommendations by Agritex which had
conducted @ survey,

The Agritex officer for Gwanda, Cde Nomangwane
Nyoni, said the survey had considered those people
who had been affected by the drought efter they
had planted in time and followed tex recom-.
mendations about what crops to plant. Some of these
People had harvested nothing, .
She told the meeting that crop failures in these
eas were due to a lackyof Tain but added that the
ey did not include people who had poor harvests
because their crops were destroyed by birds,

The meeting agreed that the drought relief
programme should continue in the form of food-for-
work on development. jects such as the construc-
tion of dams, roads, clearing of irrigation schemes,
digging of wells and moulding of bricks for the
expansion of schools in the area.

Under the programme supplementary © feedin,
schemes for malnourished children would continue
funds become available. ‘This programme should in-*
clude all primary ‘school pupils. . .

Areas most affected are Hwali, Mulambapell,
Maranani, Tehoboy!, Vela, Govatema, Matshetsehent,
Sitezi and Magadient. .

cso: 3400/314

122



To sum up, we should now begin to.
head towards fielding a powerful
citizen army complemented by small
regular standing forces to handle most
of the low-intensity and/or small-scale
problem that might arise. The army pro-
per will continue to need to be national
service based for the foreseeable
future, although it should be possible
to reduce the period of service once the
SWA situation is cleared up. The Army
will also need to retain its dual struc-
ture to provide both a conventional
manoeuvre capability and a territorial
defence cum internal securlty capabill-
ty if it is to address the dual threat
which is the most likely prospect fac-
ing us in the event of hostilities.

~~

4) All strength figures estimated from
those published in The Military
Balance.

cso: 3400/348

97



JPRS-SSA~85-052
24 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NORWEGIAN COOPERATION SECRETARY DISCUSSES PROJECTS .
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 May 85 p 8

[Report on interview with Odd Saeter, Norway's state secretary for cooperation,
in Maputo on 4 May, by Noe Dimonde: "We Seek Flexible Forms of Cooperation" ]

[Text] The Norwegian Government is committed to a partnership with the Mozambican
Government in searching for "flexible forms of increasing cooperation and assis-
tance to Mozambique at this difficult time," caused by the actions of armed bandits
in our country, Odd Saeter, Norway's state secretary for cooperation, declared in
Maputo Saturday during an interview granted to NOTICIAS.

The Norwegian official, who was speaking moments after having initiatéd:, discus-
sions with Foreign Affairs Minister Joaquim Chissano, characterized his country's
cooperation with the People's Republic of Mozambique [RPM] as "an act of solidarity
with Mozambique.

"It is our political and moral duty," he emphasized, asserting that it is a matter
of great importance for Norway to render assistance to our country "in an honorable
manner during these difficult moments."

Saeter explained that in the areas covered by Norway's programs of cooperation and
assistance flexible procedures are sought so that acts of banditry do not jeopar-

dize established programs.

Normal Solutions

"We must not permit terminology to get us confused about realities here in Mozam-
bique. We think this way of seeking.solutions to problems is very normal," he
said in answer to a question about the political stance of his country, which,
being an industrialized state belonging to NATO, advocates cooperation with the
RPM even though the latter's adherence to nonalignment and construction of so- ~
cialismhas been viewed in certain circles as an obstacle to that sort of relation-

ship.

"Our policy in regard to Mozambique and other countries of the SADCC [Southern
African Development Coordination Conference] is in harmony with our foreign
policy and we have a strong consensus in this respect," said Odd Saeter, pointing
out that this principle "has been respected by various governments regardless of
the party colors they represent."

38