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cso:

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the less support it can give to the South African
liberation movements. Naturally this conundrum is
much more obvious in the case of the frontline
states. Such is the importance of South Africa that
even the government of a small West African state
like Sierra Leone must decide on the political import-
ance it attaches to the liberation of South Africa.
Mere words do not count for much any more.

FOOTNOTES

1. A Freetown newspaper, For di People, has published some
material on this subject in recent weeks.

2. In our issue AC Vol 27 No. 17, we referred to Kalmanowitch
as managing director of LIAT. We believe that he is in fact the
company president.

56



BOTSWANA

COMMENTARY VIEWS SOURCE OF NATIONAL STABILITY
MB030758 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 3 Oct 86
[Station commentary: "Twenty Years of Freedom in Botswana"]

[Text] The flags are out in Botswana this week as the people celebrate 20 years
of independence. In 1966, Botswana was on the list of the world's 20 poorest
countries. In 1986, Botswana is one of the fastest developing countries in the
Third World.

For 2 successive years, Botswana's growth rate has exceeded 20 percent. There
is a healthy balance of payments, and the per capita growth domestic product

is high for Africa, almost 1,000 rand, compared to only 60 on independence.
Moreover, Botswana is one of the few genuinely democratic and politically
stable countries in black Africa, thanks largely to her homogeneous populations.
But, sadly, the impressive figures conceal the fact that poverty still stalks
the land. Four-fifths of the rural populationis still involved in agriculture,
predominantly subsistence farming. The farmers produce only 8 percent of
Botswana's food requirements, and at the height of the recent drought, 44 per-
cent of the population was receiving emergency food relief. In the urban areas,
there is mass unemployment and slum conditions. An excessively high birthrate
has undone much of the progress made in providing schools and better class
facilities.

The economic progress in Botswana has been chiefly due to the development of
the diamond mining industry, with Botswana providing more than 50 percent of
the output of all De Beer's mines in southern Africa, assisted by a thriving
livestock industry with most meat exports going to the European community. De
Beer's expertise in developing the mining industry, as the foundation for
Botswana's economic progress, is one link in the South African connection that
has seen the country's economy surge ahead.

A significant contribution to the annual budget comes from customs payments
received from South Africa, in terms of the Southern African Customs Union. The
deferred payments and remittances for Botswana from the 28,000 Botswana working
in South Africa are also significant for the economy. Eighty-two percent of
Botswana's imports are from South Africa. The railway line that crosses
Botswana from south to north is a main artery for the bustling rail traffic

22



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an interesting expression of the NP's constitutional thinking is implicit in
the president's reference to city states, the expansion of the freedom of
self-governing national states, and an umbrella body on the pattern of the
European Parliament, as well as in Mr Chris Heunis's later remark about a
joint state council.

At the start Mr Botha said the keynote of the congress is. real freedom. The
broad framework within which the government is striving for orderly,
evolutionary deliverance, in the end stressed by the president as a
cornerstone of NP policy, was even.clearer after last night.

Botha's Congress Speech Criticized
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 20 Aug 86 p 4
{Column by Gawie: "NP Losing Step With Political Realities"]

(Text] The NP's propagandists took care beforehand that nobody expected a
"Rubicon" speech by the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, in Durban. And that
was also the way it was. Mr Botha did not make any important announcement
concerning his policy of "reform," and those who were waiting for an important
breakthrough must have gone home bitterly disappointed. The references to the
proposed National Council did not contain anything new. Mr Botha's speech was
characterized by diligent motions to try to impress the voting public,
alternating with gestures in the direction of the leftists and the rest of the
world. Thus, for example, there was talk of both powersharing and division of
power; the West was attacked for its campaign against South Africa, but at the
same time there was an offer to consult with Western leaders on peace in
southern Africa, and "reform" and group security were mentioned, as it were,
in one breath.

Mr Botha and his government have now obviously reached the stalemate situation
that has been predicted for them for a long time already. They can of course
still flounder for a long time in their present position, tread water and come
up with all kinds of gimmicks, but they have actually reached the end of a
cul-de-sac. They will have to choose between a public policy of surrender
without any pretenses or a return to white interests. Nothing has actually
remained of all kinds of grandiose "reforms," or else they would have been
given priority in the Durban speech. The NP has reached this position because
it has misread politics over a long period of time. ‘The party's leadership
let itself be misled into thinking that it could safely stake its white,
Afrikaner power base on a drastic swing to the left; that it could attain
consensus among,the "moderates" in South Africa and that it could acquire the
good will of foreign countries (and especially the West) by abolishing social,
economic and a degree of political separation.

The NP has of course been warned numberless times that it would not be able to
unrestrictedly take along its supporters, who are really for the most part
disposed toward the right, with it on its path of integration. It was also
warned that consensus with non-Whites in one system is impossible, no matter
what scholarly constitutional terms are brought into play. ‘The HNP has since
1969 pointed out that concessions will not internally lessen the pressure on

65



worked about six years long on planning on the township. We can thus not be
expected to come up with well-thought-out alternatives in 60 days (the allowed
time for remonstrances and comments on the draft guide plan)," Mr Steynberg
said. Quite a few questions are still in the air concerning the state's exact
Placement of the township. Mr Steynberg expressed the hope that answers to
the questions will be furnished at the first coordinated protest meeting which
his committee has arranged. Several officials from the Department of
Constitutional Development and Planning have been invited to attend that
public meeting at 2:30 this coming Saturday afternoon at the Hennopsrivier
Elementary School.

13084
3401/186

76



ANGOLA

SOVIET DELEGATION VISITS HUILA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 21 Aug 86 p 3

[Excerpts] The Soviet delegation from the Krasnodar region trade unions which
has been in the country for.a week on a work and friendship visit, at the
invitation of the Huila Provincial Secretariat of the National Union of Angolan
Workers (UNTA), held a meeting on Tuesday afternoon with the native and foreign
press at the Anibal de Melo Press Center, in Luanda,

During the meeting, the head of the delegation and president of the Krasnodar
Region Council of Unions, Nikita Oleg, reported to the journalists the results
of this second visit to Angola, which has "strengthened the relations between
the trade unions of both countries, thus allowing for a greater exchange of
views and a more thorough understanding of the real situation being experienced
by Angolan workers, particularly those of Huila Province."

The 6-day visit to Huila was also focused on the holding of some lectures on
trade union and labor activity, and put the visitors into direct contact with
the workers from the N'gola brewery industry, the Antonio Agostinho Neto Central
Hospital, the Museum of Natural History, and agencies of the municipality of
Humpata.

Nikita Oleg remarked: "We have noted that, despite the existing difficulties,
the workers are engaged in the tasks of national reconstruction. They are
striving to fulfill the goals devised by the upper echelons, and we could
observe this at the N'gola factory, in the municipality of Humpata, at the
Namibe railroads, and at so many other sites that we visited."

The fact that Angola is struggling with the lack of cadres, which does not
always allow for the normal operation of the most varied sectors of the national
economy, was also mentioned by that trade union official from the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics.

However, Nikita Oleg declared that the greatest experience gained on this. visit
was related to the socialist emulation process under way in the country, all
of the results of which are published in, or attached to ethical newspapers

at the workers' disposal in the most varied areas of industry. Moreover, the
delegation which is due to return to its country in the middle of this week,
also reported on the work carried out by the Soviet trade unions, which are
currently engaged in implementing the instructions from the 27th Congress of
the CPSU [Communist Party of the Soviet Union].

2909
CSO: 3442/10 12

OO ee



to you. Your time was up in April. You first have to hold an election before
we will listen to you again."

To Hell

Mr Hoon claimed that Mr Desmond Lockey, Labor MP, agrees with him that the KP
would win a coming general election and that he told Mr Lockey the KP would
say to hell with consensus if it comes to power. The KP will simply put
legislation -- to restore the sovereignty of Whites over themselves, which the
other two houses of parliament refuse to discuss through in the Volksraad,

have it ratified by the President's Council and "signed by President Andries
Treurnicht." In his summary, Mr Danzfuss said the general feeling among the
delegates was that if the government does not want to give the KP the
democratic right to hold elections, the party then "must look" to undemocratic
ways. The KP will then hold protest marches and is willing to use the force
of nationalism to reach its goal.

Intimidation

The intimidation of KP people must also be counteracted aggressively and the
KP must participate in elections on all levels in order, among other things,
to use cultural organizations to take its stand. The KP must also have the
government's refusal to hold an election "juridically" investigated and see
whether it cannot act against the government in the legal sphere. The day the
KP comes to power,’ it will not let itself be stopped by "a little piece of
paper" (the Constitution). It will use democratic methods to attain its goal,
but if that is not granted to it, it will not let itself be stemmed by any
provision in the constitution. Mr Danzfuss also said the delegates felt that
the KP should concentrate more on the future of the whites, for enough has

already been said about is intended with respect to the blacks, Coloreds and
Indians.

There are not any differences in rightist circles that can be solved only by
partition, but differences of "nuances" have appeared. Some delegates believe
in the remnant idea where each ethnic group should get its own area and what
remains is then the Whites’; others think a part of South Africa should be
given to the Whites and that there then would also be a gray area, while still
others advocate the idea of an Afrikaner ethnic state.

Differences

The congress is asking the party's main council to give attention to a special
congress where the differences can be removed, Mr Danzfuss said. Dr
Treurnicht and Hartzenberg, as well as Mr Hoon, did not refer to this in their
answers.

71



GHANA

OPERATION MERCURY EXPRESS ENDS 27 SEPTEMBER
AB271944 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 27 Sep 86

[Text] The 8-day military training exercise codenamed "Operation Mercury
Express" ended today. The exercise also involved revolution organs like the
CDOS [Civilian Defense Organization] and the militia, and civil agencies
including the police, the prison service, the fire service, and the customs,
excise, and preventive service.

At a debriefing session with officers of the various units which took part in
the exercise, the force commander, Major General Guainoo, said the aim of the
annual exercise is to lead to a total improvement in the country's defense
posture, and this year's exercise has been much improvement in the readiness
of the country's defense forces. He said the defense of the country is a
national responsibility and all the country's resources both economic and
political must be harnessed toward that goal. Gen Quainoo commended the role
the regional secretaries of Greater Accra and the Eastern Region and the
civil agencies played in the exercise. He mentioned in particular the CDOS
and said the Armed Forces have responsibility to enhance the capability of
the Civil Defense Organizations so that they can help with civil defense in
the work place and in the border towns and villages. This, he said, must be
done with a sense of commitment and sincerity.

"Operational Mercury Express" is a command post exercise intended basically
to test the channels of communications available to the Armed Forces and
other security agencies. It was held in the Akuse-Kpong-Tema area. The
second phase of the exercise codenamed "Operation Warlord" will be held in
the second half of next month around Komenda-Sekondi Komenda-Sekondi~Takoradi
area.

Yesterday, (Colonel Belec), the French defense attache based in Lagos,
visited the operation area to see the troops in training.

/7051
CSO: 3400/184

29



continue to suffer as they have suffered in
the past.

And, of course, it is desirable for the
business community to operate in a peaceful
and stable climate. There is no other way in
which we can forge ahead.

How significant is the black business com-
munity?

Black business, understandably, is very small
because it was restricted legally over the
years. It was only in 1975 that black business,
for the first time, obtained legal rights. We
couldn’t even form companies before 1975.
It’s only yesterday really that black business
has been placed in a position to grow and
develop and to create jobs which are neces-
sary and vital for the future of this country.
NAFCOC has about 15 000 members and
there are approximately 10 000 black
businessmen. Many of them trade in the
backyards of their homes in the townships
because of a lack of facilities, but the fact that
they are small today doesn’t mean that they
will always be small. What we need more
than anything is the
creation of greater and
expanding opportunities
for black businessmen to
become part and parcel
of our economic system.
If this is not allowed,
the free enterprise s
tem has no future in our
country acall.

You speak with some bitterness about
government's policies and practices, What is
your view of the Afrikaner nationalist
today?

fam somewhat surprised about the way in
which they have treated the black people
after obtaining leadership in this country,
because they must have suffered enough to
recognise that to keep any section of the
population down, does create emotions that
ultimacely work against the unity of the
nation. And they have, in fact, destroyed the
togetherness of the people of South Africa
by introducing a policy that is unworkabl
that can never make South Africa the grea
country that it has to be, a lighthouse for
Africa. ‘That's how I see our role in the future
of Africa, South Africa has a distinct role to
play, and that role can only be played if we
are together. The Afrikaners alone will
never succeed to play the leadership role that
they must play. But together with the blac!
people we can lead Africa in a new direction
towards economic freedom and justice.

100

[know that this might sound rather ridic-
ulous for me to say, but [ think the .\frikaner,
even as a minority group, still has hope if he
changes his philosophy. Already back in the
Sixties, the Lusaka Manifesto did in fact
recognise that white South Africans were
Africans. The whole of Africa accepts white:
as part and parcel of African society. ‘There-
fore, there is nobody who contests the right
of the Afrikaner to be here and to play his
part, But he is not going to remain dominant
in the Africa of the future.

Ifhe doesn’t accept that, there will be
continuous turbulence in the country, con-
tinuous trouble for him, because history has
overtaken the Afrikaner. [ keep on coming
back to togetherness. The Afrikaner will only
emerge as a great force in our future society
if he is willing to share leadership with other
people. But he cannot retain power without
too much trouble on his part, too much
anxiety, t00 much fear. He will have to main-
tain the State of Emergency fora long time,
We've got to base our future not on military
strength, but on the strength of convictions.
T think this is where we should be going,
‘The strength of character ‘this is what is
going to make the Afrikaner a great factor in
the Africa of che future.

Do you believe it is still possible to create the
kind of democracy that you urge?

Ifit is not possible, we have made it so. It
could have been possible. But we must never
get toa point where we believe that certain
solutions cannot be found because if we get
into a situation where we ourselves are con-
vinced that we cannot obtain certain desir-
able reforms, then there’s no hope. I believe
democracy is possible if there is a will on the
part of South ‘ans to bring it about, and
it must be a sincere and an honest desire.

Ts sanctions the right way to hasten
change?

eved that sanctions ~ if
they have to be applied — should be seen a
measure of last resort, when everything cl
has failed. This has certainly been the policy
of my organisation. We don’t believe in sanc-
tions.

But we also have a policy about foreign
investment in this country, which recognises
the fact, the need, for investment to be
conscious of the impediments facing blac!
the need for upgrading standards of living, of
giving equal opportunity to che workforce.
We have, therefore, propounded a philoso-
phy of conditional investment in the country.

Foreign investors should help us to create
conditions that will lead us into the estab-

Thave always beli



MALAWI

BRIEFS

CHIKANGAWA FINANCE COMPLETE--Financing arrangements for setting up the $30.4
million integrated saw and panel mill at Chikangawa are complete, with the
International Finance Corporation (IFC) confirming it will invest the equiv-
alent of $3,4 million, IFC is taking equity participation equivalent to
$500,000 in Viphya Plywoods & Allied Industries (Viply), the joint venture
company that will operate the mill, The rest of the finance will be as a loan
to help fund implementation, The other shareholders in Viply are ITMWI
International--a holding company set up by Heilborne of West Germany and
Luxembourg-based ITM International--which has a DM 6 million ($2.9 million)
stake; Investment & Development Bank of Malawi (Indebank) with a MK 1,2
million ($605,800) stake, and Viphya Pulp & Paper Corporation (Vipcor), a
subsidiary of Agricultural Development & Marketing Authority (Admarc).
Vipcor's 52 per cent share is funded by a ECU 3,97 million ($4.10 million)
conditional loan from the European Investment Bank (AED 24:4:86). With West
Germany's Kreditanstalt fuer Wiederaufbau (Kf£W) providing a DM 38 million
($18,7 million) loan and ITM subsidiary Meridien International Bank DM 7.5
million ($3.7 million) in credits, project finance is complete. Work is ex-
pected to begin on 5 October; the first four months will involve site prepar-
ation and drawing detailed designs. [Text] [London AED in English 27 Sep 86
p 16} /9274

cs0: 3400/179

36



SWEDEN TO PROBE NEW PAPER PLANT

Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Sep 86 p 5

[Text]

A SWEDISH consulting
company has been em-
to- make feasibiii-

ty studies for the con-
struction of a third paper
manufacturing plant in
‘Mutare, the Secretary for
the Ministry of National
Buzwani

Schooi exercise books,

19274

CSO: 3400/176

text books and -news-
papers in Zimbabwe are
made from newsprint
which is manufactured by
a single company in
Mutare. ‘Talk in
educational e¢ircles lately
has been that shortages
of exercise books may
soom be experienced by
sphoole because of the
aged machinery used at
the Mutare factory.
However, Cde Mothobi
hoa aa rejected such allega-

ceThe problem of news>
print shortage has been
brought to the attention
of the ministry and steps

-have been taken to al-

leviate the problem. The
Mutare Board and Paper
Mills (Pvt) Ltd has been
allocated foreign curre-
cy on an ad hoc basis for
the importation of spare
parts to increase the
operation of the plant to
‘full capacity, ang a Swed-
ish consultancy has been
employed to undertake

feasibility studies for the
construction of a third
plant in Mutare.”

Cde Mothobi. said that
it was Government policy
— as regards the manu-
facturing sector — to en-
courage import substitu-
tion through promotion
of local industry.

“About 80 percent of
stationery supplies to
schools is of local manu-
facture and it is Govern-
ment intention to in.
crease the local content
whenever be a
practi¢able. But i sh
to discuss ‘details with
the Ministry of Industry
and Technology.”

‘The Government was
aware of the problems
encountered in the supply
and delivery of books and
the ministry found the
system of contracts as
the best way of handling
the problem, The system
entails the selection of

viable booksellers to en-

61

and-

ZIMBABWE
sure : an orderly dis- '
tribution of books,

stationery included, to
Government and district
council schools,

Cade Mothobi said: “The
question of approving
booksellers who specialise
in stationery only is cur-
rently under review by
his ministry, since they
were initially selected
and approved on an ad
hoe_basis. .

“Educational dis-
tributors are selected by
an Inter-Ministerial Com-
mittee comprising
ministries of National
Supplies who are Educa-
tion, Trade and Com-
merce and .Local Govern-
ment, Rural and Urban
Development.”

The selection is based
om a’ criteria laid down
by the committee ang an
individual supplier has to
meet all the criteria be-
fore being approved.

The criteria includes
factors such as financial
resources, retail facilities,
stock volumes, and acces-
sibility to the general pub-
Ue.


ACCRA LAUNCHES WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Sep 86 p 14]

[Article by Emmanuel Dentu]

[Text]

/12379

Ghana’s capital, Accra, long pla- '

gued by a serious: sanitary problem,
has begun a crash programme to
control garbage mountains which
threaten to unleash an epidemic.

The just-launched Waste Manage-
ment Programme aims at clearing
huge mounds of garbage and open-
ing drains choked with rotten, stink-
ing wastes.

The city’s one million residents
will also have to be taught not to
dump on the nearest street.

With West German aid the city
has bought 200 waste containers
(placed at various points in the city),
26 waste disposal trucks and a
workshop to maintain them and to
rehabilitate a much larger fleet ofi
old vehicles. ian

Four experts provided by the
West German technical assistance
organisation GTZ carried out the
initial feasibility survey lasting a
year and a half, and are staying on
for another two years to put the
programme on a sound footing.

Part of the reason for Accra’s
rubbish mountain is a population
that has doubled since 1970 to one
million.

Each day all those residents, to-
gether with 400 000 people who visit
Accra daily, generate 1000 tons of
refuse which ought to be disposed of
by the city council.

But the council, like many other
Ghanaian institutions, has suffered
economic decline and been unable

cso: 3400/122

32

to maintain services. City Council’

chairman, Mr Enoch Mensah, said
the systematic flouting of sanitation
and planning regulations had com-
pdunded the problems.

The $1,5 million programme will
concentrate on the 60 percent of
Accra’s worst affected, the other
40 percent being mainly industrial
or middle-class residential estates,
where a relatively high standard of
sanitation still exists.

By the end of this year the council
reckons it will have cleared all the
huge piles of garbage and opened all

the choked drains, enabling the:

newly created wastes management
department to maintain a good
level of sanitation.

The choked drains have been a
particular worry to the Accra City
Council. Residents of Accra’s poorer
areas have the rather unfortunate
habit of dumping refuse into the
nearest gutter, even where pre-
scribed means of waste disposal
have been provided.

As the gutters get choked and.un-
able to carry off rainwater, floods
come with disastrous results.

The council has started a wide-
ranging public education pro-
gramme to teach residents not to
dump refuse indiscriminately and to
obey planning regulations.

Accra residents will also have to
pay for the abuse they have inflict-
ed on the city’s health. The council
has increased city taxes to pay the
waste programme's annual cost of
550 million cedi (about $1,5 million).

GHANA



SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA NP CONGRESS SPEECH SEEN FROM VARIOUS VIEWPOINTS

Botha Still Advocates Reform
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 13 Aug 86 p 10
(Editorial: "Sincere and Purposeful"]

[Text] Reasonable people with reasonable expectations can draw much courage
from the tremendous opening speech by the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, at
the Federal Congress of the National Party in Durban. Even though that party
and its leaders do not have all the answers to the country's problems at their
fingertips, the philosophical clarity, sincerity and purposefulness in Mr
Botha's comprehensive reasoning was an inspiration to congress goers. A
platform on which trust can be built has been created anew for reaching, as he
put it, a unique democratic system of justice which takes the realities of our
society into consideration.

The president addressed the outside world with the message that South Africa
is not going to let itself be overwhelmed by threats and sanctions. Mr Botha
does not see the shabby morality of a manipulated world opinion, the double
standards of the Republic's accusers and the wrong being done against the
country as a reason for despair, but as motivation for creating a strong
national will to triumph over reverses. A central aspect of that national
will is the dynamic pursuance of a negotiated political arrangement, to which
he repeatedly linked the government in a significant second part of his
speech. His warning was "let's not underestimate" to all those who, ina
chorus of denunciation, demand concessions that will be tantamount to
abdication and suicide. His equally powerful message to the country itself
was one of continued reform.

Concerning the pace of reform, a key sentence was that consultating the white
voters on the result of negotiations -- either by way of a referendum or by
way of a general election -- can occur sooner than most people expect. This
outlook does not tally with accusations of unwillingness to reform. At the
same time, the assurance was also given again that dialogue is not being
allowed to lead to the jeopardization of anyone's self-determination.
Provision must be made for protecting minority groups in a manner other than
mere paper guarantees. It goes without saying that negotiations cannot be
preceded by all sorts of blueprints. That could wreck them in advance. Yet,

64



lishment of a new society. We would like to
see some investment consciously diverted
into black areas to enable blacks, for the first
time, to show that the free enterprise system
does work. Until now very little investment
has been diverted into the undeveloped
sector of our economy. An alternative to
disinvestment would be to consciously divert
money into black projects to enable blacks to
become part and parcel of the free enterprise
system. If govemment remains committed to
its old philosophy — to the old way of doing
things — then we will have no alternative in
the end but to move ina direction that will
help'us to bring more pressure on govern-
ment in order to shorten the misery.

You mean through sanction:

T will not want at this stage to say we are for
sanctions because our policy is still che poli
of conditional investment. Up to last year we
were still endorsing that philosophy. But I
must warn that NAFCOC is having a con-
ference of its regional bodies in October
when this whole policy is going to be very
carefully reviewed in the light of what has:
developed up to now.

Where do we stand? We have asked
government to do certain things. [ believ
that a government which is really dedicated
to carrying out the will of the people, will
listen more to what the people want chan
what they themselves want. [ chink that my
group is going to be thinking more about
what pressure we can bring to bear on
government to get it to at least move a little
faster, more boldly, in a direction that could
strengthen our position. If more reforms are
made, government will really be strengthen-
ing the hand of the moderates.

What reforms have you asked for which
would help to back up the approach of the
moderates?

Last year, our package consisted of scrap-
ping all discriminatory laws. We didn’t want
them to simply reform bad laws, but to scrap
them and to do so with grace. Government
mustn't feel that it is showing weakness by

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101

scrapping bad laws such as the Group Areas
Act and the land acts.

Blacks’ occupational rights are limited to
13% of South Africa. Lots of land is lying
idle, [ know of many farms that are just lying
fallow. The owners have moved to the towns
but blacks are congested in their areas
because of the lack of land. And, therefore,
[ think the land acts and such laws as the
Group Areas Act —all that discriminatory
legislation — must be boldly taken off the
statute books.

Schools must be opened. Why must we
send our children to white schools outside of
our country when we are paying the same
kind of tax? We are subject to the same tax
laws, yet we cannot say how our tax money
must be utilized. Ic ation without
representation. That is called tyranny.

The second development for which we
have asked is to allow blacks into parliament.
Why must we serve on advisory organisa-
tions, advising people how to govern us? I
recently said we will not serve on the
National Statutory Council because we are
tired of advising whites how to govern us.
We want to be involved in governing the
country,

ta

In what way would you expect government
to involve blacks?

We can discuss an acceptable formula, but I
believe that the scrapping of apartheid is
something about which there is no need tor
debate any more. Government itself has
said apartheid is an outdated concept. It must
show it in deed. In fact, the constitution
must outlaw apartheid. Until we get there,
we will have lots of trouble.

Now in addition to that, Mandela must be
free and the ANC must be unbanned. ‘The
reason he is in jail and the ANC was banned
was because they fought the pass laws, The
pass laws are gone. Some of the things that
caused a lot of trouble in those days are now
gone. Government has gone a long way
towards accommodating the very things for
which these people were asking. Why not
unban the organisation to show grace? Gov-
emment must show grace, it must show a
willingness to change.



VISITING INDABA SAID TO BE GIVEN ONE-SIDED VIEW

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 12

[Text]

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ACCORDING to a spokesman of the Kwazulu Natal
Indaba, who visited Namibia last week, apartheid had
‘suffered a political death’ in the country.

The Indaba, who were given the ‘red carpet treat-
ment’ on their four-day visit here, met only with
members of the interim government, and no opposi-
tion groups.

As is the case with so many ‘foreign’ visitors who
are hosted by the authorities on visits to N: jamibia, the
Indaba has left the country thinking that ‘all is well’,
and impressed with the ‘complete and utter dedica-
tion to sincerity, forthrightness and an endeavour to
get all the people of Namibia to work together’.

They were also impressed with the interim govern-
ment in the belief that ‘any decisions which rely on
colour or ethnicity in any way as a norm is absolute-
ly out for the future’.

Reconciliation between groups in Namibia, the In-
daba noted, was ‘successfully being carried out’.

We are forced to point out that the Indaba was one-
sided in its meetings while in Namibia; it did not try
and gauge the feelings and opinions of opposition
groups outside the interim government. As a result
of this, it is going to carry their erroneous ideas and
misconceptions about Namibia, back to Natal.

Since the Indaba themselves are working towards
their proclaimed goals of ‘peace, prosperity and
stability in South Africa’, they would show themselves
more open to solutions, had they bothered to find out
the views of opponents of interim government rule.

42

NAMIBIA



Black health, education and employment were finally the states responsibility.
“But we as a suffering people know that even one child saved from the terrible
effects of malnutrition is a South African saved and preserved for the future.
One family that produces more food than it needs is a family that is not going
to become a victim of sanctions (and is) making a contribution to the
alleviation of poverty."

Chief Buthelezi announced that he now intended to “campaign relentlessly” to
get foreign countries to step up humanitarian aid to South Africa to balance
the effects of limited sanctions on ordinary people. He warned that such aid
was often grabbed by the very political organisations which had vastly
increased black suffering by advocating sanctions in the first place--but they
wanted it not for humanitarian but for political purposes, so that they could
continue their devastating work.

Inkatha had to gear itself for partnership with these governments offering
humanitarian aid so that it would be meaningful to those who were suffering
from sanctions.

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84



ANGOLA

UNITA'S STRUGGLE DEFENDED
Lisbon 0 TEMPO in Portuguese 25 Sep 86 p 18
{Commentary by Jonas Savimbi; first paragraph is 0 TEMPO introduction]

(Excerpt ] "Let us work with all Angolan patriots to create an independent,
democratic and free Angola," urges. UNITA president Jonas Savimbi. He notes
that the military strategy adopted by his forces "is aimed at inflicting cas-
ualties on Fidel Castro's troops and, whenever possible, not against those of
the MPLA." He points out the advantages of the communists in this war, as
well as their weaknesses, warning that they are "selling out the Angolan
people."

London (September, 1986)

UNITA's objectives are clear and have been made known to the world. We will
drive the Soviet and Cuban forces and the forces of the Eastern bloc coun-
tries out of Angola. We will work with all Angolan patriots to create an in-
dependent, democratic and free Angola. We reject foreign ideologies which pre-
suppose masses of industrial workers and men without souls.

Our strategy is to increase the costs of the foreigh occupation of Angola until
the Cubans and Soviets can no longer bear the burden. A combination of mil-
itary, financial and political costs will finally drive the imperialist forces
from our shores.

Today, the Soviets and Cubans are exploiting Angola to an extent never equalled
by the Portuguese. Soviet fishing fleets are devastating our coasts and fish
has disappeared from the Angolan diet. Our diamonds and minerals and Cabinda's
petroleum are going to "pay" for weapons and Cuban troop support. The MPLA
government is paying Fidel Castro $1,000 (150 contos) a month for each Cuban
soldier in Angola, representing a total annual cost of $480 million (72 mil-
lion contos). These mercenaries can remain in our country only as long as
there is money to pay them. This is why UNITA attacks the diamond mines, sab-
otages the bridges and destroys the industries which support the Cuban occu~
pation.

This policy is not harmful to our brothers in occupied Angola, because the
wealth produced never reverts to them. It-is taken by the Cubans and Soviets
to pay for their repression here and to finance Cuban expeditions in other
countries.



NAMIBIA

Transitional Government To Pressure RSA for Elections
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 12 Sep C1.)

Many Splits Seen in Government of National Unity
(Gwen Lister; THE NAMIBIAN, 26 Sep 86) .--..+-seeeeeeeeees

Politics Heads Agenda at Clerics. Meeting
(Brendan Seery; THE STAR, 25 Sep 86) ...-+--+--

Visiting Indaba Said To Be Given One-Sided View
(THE NAMIBIAN, 26 Sep 86) ...seeeseree

Abduction, Murder, Rape Charges Raised Against SWAPO
(Andreas Z. Shipanga; THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 4 Oct 86) ...

Political Prisoners Enter 8th Day of Hunger Strike
(John Liebenberg; THE NAMIBIAN, 26 Sep 86) ..-

Whites Oppose Opening Schools to all Races
(Jim Freeman; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 18 Sep 86) ....--0-

Student Leader Outlines Reasons for Discontent in Schools
(Hafeni Nghinamwaami; THE NAMIBIAN, 26 Sep 86) wscceenceee

Interim Government Said To Spread 'Myth' on Schools
(THE NAMIBIAN, 26 Sep 86) .ssceecececescrccecsceseesescers

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Briefs
Talks With EEC

SIERRA LEONE

RSA Connection Reportedly Behind Conflict With Lebanese Interests
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 17 Sep 86) ...ceeececeeeerrererceees

ZAMBIA
Briefs
Delhi Reports on Africa Fund
RSA Reportedly Training Dissidents
ZIMBABWE

Three Transport Unions Back Sanctions Against South Africa
(THE HERALD, 1 Oct 86) ....eeeeees

Nkala Praises Police Successes Against Criminal Rings
(THE HERALD, 1 Oct 86) .....66

-e-

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38

40

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43

46

47

48

50

51

52

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57

58

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is reminiscent of the same stage reached years ago by the Turnhalle
Conference - they go so far as to condemn in principle, but never any
further in practice. .

CANNOT EVEN MAINTAIN THEIR SOCALLED PRINCIPLES

NEITHER ARE most of the parties in the interim government able
to stand by, maintain, and carry out their ‘principles’. In principle
all those parties have accepted Resolution 435 as the settlement plan
for Namibia, but in practice, they are still opposed because of the
strong eventuality of ‘a Swapo electoral victory.

In principle they are opposed to apartheid, but in practice they main-
tain it, by keeping schools and hospitals racially ‘exclusive’.

In principle they are opposed to AG 8, the Proclamation providing
for the division of Namibia into mini-bantustans, but in practice most
of the parties there are able to exert a strong influence on the popula-
tion through the maintenance of these ethnic authorities.

In principle they claim to be in favour of a bill of fundamental rights,
put in practice the bill has not been implemented.

There are many similar examples.

GOVERNING BY MEANS OF INEXHAUSTIBLE RHETORIC

THE INTERIM government seems to ‘govern’ purely by rhetoric,
which is never-ending and can seemingly never be believed.

It’s mostly a case of ‘promises ... promises’.

They’re apparently quite satisfied that the Nicholas Wintertons,
Kwazulu Indaba’s and other foreigners are ‘impressed’ with the pro-
gress in Namibia, but the small amount of progress there has been,
was effected by the Administrator General in 1977, and is certainly
not due to them. :

‘And the interim government will be running out of excuses for its
own ‘mis-rule’ of Namibia eventually. For they have claimed time
and again that they ‘have-the power’ to effect the changes so badly
needed in-this country. Why then don’t they-prove it? .

Quite simply, they are hamstrung for two reasons: the first being
that the South African Government (whether they like it or not) still
pulls their strings; and the second that they are hamstrung by inter-
nal dissension.

‘They cannot present a united front, let alone claim the title ‘Govern-
ment of National Unity’ is a legitimate one.

If anything, they are succeeding in uniting the people against them,
and for this, they have only themselves to blame.

EVEN THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL IS DIVIDED

WHILE THE SIX parties in the interim government agree that a con-
stitution should be drawn up before independence (mainly in order
to ensure ‘guarantees’, since this is in conflict with Resolution 435
which provides for the drawing up of a constitution after elections)
they cannot decide on the ‘constitution’ itself.

Some want another ethnic blueprint; others want to disguise ethnici-
ty as ‘culture’; and a few don’t want it at all.

But the rush for a constitution is on, perhaps because they realise
their time is running out. .

39



SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS OF KP ORANGE FREE STATE CONGRESS VIEWED
KP Envisions Possible Force
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 11 Aug 86 p 4
[Article by political reporter: "KP Ready for 'Force' to Pressure Government"]

[Text] The KP will maintain white hegemony over itself by force and is
willing to use the force of nationalism, undemocratic methods, protest
marches, the disruption of NP meetings and the aggressive counteraction of
intimidation in order to force the govermment to call an election, party
leaders and delegates said this weekend at the party's [Orange] Free State
congress in Bloemfontein.

Differences in "nuances" about the party's constitutional policy also came to
the fore, and, among other things, it was said that greater emphasis must be
placed on the future of the Whites. A request was made for the differences to
be cleared up at a special congress. A long and broad agenda was discussed by
four groups behind closed doors at the congress. A summary of the discussions
was later given by Mr Max Danzfuss, under chairman of the KP in the Free
State. After that, Dr Andries Treurnicht, leader of the KP, Dr Ferdi
Hartzenberg, chairman, and Mr Jan Hoon, Cape leader, gave answers. A part of
the agenda dealt with methods which the KP can follow if the government.
continues to "further dismantle democracy" by, among other things, refusing to
hold a general election. Dr Treurnicht said, inter alia, the day when
President Botha subjects the Whites of South Africa to black majority rule, he
will create the climate of rebellion. He (Dr Treurnicht) also believes, as Dr
Verwoerd did, in white hegemony over his own people and country, and "I will
maintain that by force," he said amidst great applause. Dr Treurnicht also
claimed that NP people say the voters should not be concerned about joint
authority for Blacks. "We just talk that way. We will spoof them," he
claimed the NP is telling the voters.

In a Dignified Manner
Dr Hartzenberg said the KP's must not allow any NP minister to ever again hold
a meeting in the Free State. "You must not use force. You must do it with

finesse. It should be done in such a dignified manner as at a church council
meeting. In the Free State you should tell them: we are no longer listening

70



SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU BRANDS APARTHEID EVIL, UNCHRISTIAN
MBO91956 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1846 GMT 9 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town 9 October SAPA--Archbishop Desmond Tutu said in Cape Town
today opposition to Apartheid was a religious and theological concern and not
primarily a political matter.

Addressing the 54th synod of his diocese, he said Apartheid was evil and
unchristian because it said the value of human being “resides in something
other than the fact that we are created in God's image." He said Apartheid
was a heresy and a sin "because it treats others of God's children as less
than this when it excluded them from the decision-making process when matters
affecting them are decided. Consequently opposition to Apartheid is not a
political matter primarily. It is through and through a religious and
theological concern.”

The anti-Apartheid campaigner and Noble Peace Prize winner said Apartheid
inflicted unnecessary suffering on "God's children simply because they were of
the wrong race and colour." He said “it is not just wrong or even criminal.
It is blasphemous.”

“We must be clear that injustice and oppression make both the perpetrator and
the victim less than what God wants them to be. They degrade and dehumanise
and imprison both the oppressor and the oppressed. That is what the bible
teaches and were being truly biblical, truly religious in opposing such a
system. It is to be unbiblical and irreligious to uphold and support”
Apartheid, said the archbishop.

/12913
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79



920094

i : JPRS-SSA-86-110
by NOVEMBER 1986

© Sub- Saharan Africa Report

OIBTRIBUTION Ea z

aareg Se munkie talena
wie. Dieeiouton Uniimited

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
i SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



SOUTH AFRICA

TBVC MINISTERS DISCUSS TRADE, COOPERATION ISSUES
MB090623 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2047 GMT 8 Oct 86

[Text] Pretoria, 8 October, SAPA--The South African Minister of Trade and
Industry, Mr D.J. De Villiers, today hosted a meeting in Pretoria for his
counterparts from Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei [TBVC], according
to a statement by the Bureau for Information for the Secretariat for
Multilateral Cooperation in Southern Africa.

"The meeting formed another link in the continuing multilateral interaction
among the five Southern African governments aimed at accelerated socio—
economic development," the statement said. "The minister of the five states
strongly condemned the negative and retarding effect of economic sanctions,
since sanctions against South Africa will detrimentally affect development and
economic growth throughout the subcontinent and thus be totally
counterproductive. Sanctions would also retard the process of political
change in South Africa. The meeting was preceded by in-depth technical
consultations on 4 September by the multilateral technical committee on
industries, commerce and tourism.

“One of the main features of multilateral cooperation in Southern Africa is
the scheme for the promotion of regional industrial development. Ministers
today reviewed progress with the implementation of the scheme. The impact and
effectiveness of the regional industrial development programme was assessed.
Recommendations will now serve before each of the five governments.

“The various states also reached consensus on and finally endorsed the
principles of the introduction of schemes to ensure the establishment of
economically viable and productive industries which will sustain long-term
growth and employment. Details of these schemes will be released shortly.”

"The regional industrial development programme with its advantages of
associated agglomeration is one of the most important tools available to the
five governments for stimulating socio-economic development. Ministers also
discussed a number of issues related to foreign trade and the customs union.
A multilateral working group will, in the near future, attend to the promotion
of small businesses in the five states, taking into account South Africa's
initiatives towards privatisation and deregulation of certain economic
activities. Tomorrow the ministers of the five states will meet again for
consultations on the promotion of tourism in Southern Africa."

/12913

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Official Visits Luena, Moxico
Nicaraguan Delegation Visits
Foreign Workers’ Housing Completed
Education Planning Session

BOTSWANA

Commentary Views Source of National Stability
(Johannesburg International Service, 3 Oct 86) .....sseceee

Foreign Minister Addresses UNGA on RSA, SADCC
(PANA, 7 Oct 86) ......

Briefs
Country To Assume Railroad Control
Limpopo Water Poisoning

ETHIOPIA
Briefs
Shoa Villagization Figures
Hararghe Villagization Figures
Economic Agreement With Finland
GHANA

Operation Mercury Express Ends 27 September
(Accra Domestic Service, 27 Sep 86) ...ecececcccccecececece

Foreign Exchange Auction Described as 'Great Success'
(Accra Domestic Service, 19 Sep 86). .ccscecececeececececece

Accra Launches Waste Management Program
(Emmanuel Dentu; THE STAR, 23 Sep 86) ........ eee eeeeeceees

KENYA

Briefs
Agreement With CSSR Signed

LIBERIA
Israeli Cooperation Seen Increasing
(Monrovia Radio ELWA, 8 Oct 86; Monrovia Domestic

Service, 7 Oct 86) w.ccccccccccccccccscccccccceeeseceeccees

Agricultural College Assistance
Medical Project Likely

MALAWI

Briefs
Chikanwaga Finance Complete

-~be

22

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26

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29

30

32

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34

34
34

36



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

UDF CRITICIZES GOVERNMENT--Johannesburg 10 October SAPA--Mozambique would
overcome the political blackmail carried out by South Africa in repatriating
its workers, the United Democratic Front [UDDF] said today. “The South
African Government should by now be aware that despite its sabre-rattling,
countries like Mozambique understand perfectly well that their sovereignty
shall always be threatened for as long as Apartheid still reigns supreme,” a
statement by Mr Murphy Morobe, the organisations acting publicity secretary,
said. The UDF would consult the trade union movement on what action to take.
The South African move continues "Pretorias old policy of wanting to turn its
neighbours into house niggers,” the UDF said. But Mozambique, Angola and
Zimbabwe jealously guarded their independence, the statement said. [Text]
{Johannesburg SAPA in English 1034 GMT 10 Oct 86 MB] /12913

NYANGA'S FIRST POLICY STATION--Cape Town, 8 October, SAPA--A beerhall gutted
during unrest earlier this year is to become Nyanga's first police station.
This was confirmed by the police liaison officer for the western province,
Captain Jan Calitz, who said the planned station would not be a fully-fledged
police station with a full administrative staff, but rather more of a charge
office to be used as a base for patrols in the area. The new charge office is
about 3 km from the nearest police station in Guguletu. It will come into
operation at the end of October. A spokesman for the provincial
administration community services, Mr Sampie Steenkamp, confirmed that the
town council of Guguletu had approved an application by the police to use the
beerhall as a police station. Renovations were in progress, he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 0727 GMT 8 Oct 86 MB] /12913

ONE MILLION I.D.'S ISSUED--More than 1.3 million new identity documents were
issued to blacks between 1 May and 3 October this year. A spokesman for the
Department of Home Affairs says about 20,000 applications a day have been
dealt with since last week. The increase in the number of applications from
black people could be ascribed to a publicity campaign to encourage people to
apply for new identity documents. The department has also made more people
available to assist the applicants. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in
English 0915 GMT 8 Oct 86 MB] /12913

KANGWANE TO GET LAND--The deputy minister of development and of land affairs,
Mr Ben Wilkens, has announced at Louisville in Kangwane that more than 46,000
hectares of land is to be transferred into the jurisdiction of Kangwane before
the end of this year. Mr Wilkens, who had discussions with the Kangwane

106



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

SHOA VILLAGIZATION FIGURES--A meeting organized to assess the implementation
of the villagization programme in Shoa region during 1978 F.C. and to work
out situations conducive to the current year was held here yesterday.

The meeting, attended by members of the villagization coordinating com-
mittee set up at all levels, was opened by Comrade Debela Dinsa, member

of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the WPE Committee for Shoa
region. Comrade Debela said that the programme has been successfully
implemented in the region as a result of the active participation and
effort of the peasants to improve their way of living. Comrade Debela

said that the objective of the meeting was to assess ways of carrying out
effectively the villagization programme during the current year. Comrade
Dadi Hunde, Head of Economic and Social Affairs of the WPE Committee for
the region reported that more than 154,400 dwelling units were puilt during
1978 E.C. and that work on 36,500 houses is in progress. Comrade Hunde
pointed out that about 199,900 family heads along with over 428,990

family members were regrouped during the year under review. [Text][Addis
Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Sep 86 p 1)/12828

HARARGHE VILLAGIZATION FIGURES--Ninety-eight per cent of the peasants
living in the highland provinces of Hararghe region are reported to have
been mobilized into settling in new village in line with the villagization
scheme. Briefing the Agitation and Propaganda Unit team of the National
Villagization Coordinating Committe, which had a working tour to the
region, Comrade Kassaye Aragaw, member of the CC of the WPE and First
Secretary of the WPE Committee for Hararghe region noted that only last
year 470,368 family heads comprising over two million people were moved
into 3,604 villages constructed under the auspices of the villagization
programme. Comrade Kassaye emphasized that the agitation made by the
party cadres and representatives of government and mass organizations in
explaining the advantages of villagization to the peasantry had greatly
contributed towards the success of the programme in the region. He said
that during the first round of the programme in January 1985 over half
million peasants were moved to their new homes within 28 days thereby
laying a strong base for the second round. Following the efforts made
to resettle in their new villages the peasantry in eight provinces of
Hararghe region, who used to live in a scattered manner for centuries,
Comrade Kassaye stated that 98 per cent of the programme was achieved.
The members of the team, led by Comrade Wolle Gurmu, Head of Department of
Revolutionary Ethiopia Television and Chairman of the Agitation and

27



BOESAK TO INVESTIGATE DISCRIMINATION IN CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 28 Sep 86 p 12

[Text]

ALLAN Boesak’s NG Sen-
dingkerk synod this week
decided ‘to further investi-
gate discrimination in ap-
plying the death sentence ~
and the ethics of capital
punishment.

The synod refused to ac-
cept as final a report which
said there was not enough
evidence to conclude that
the SA legal system dis-
criminated racially in apply-
ing the death sentence.
The . report said more
black people than white peo-
ple got the death sentence in
SA because of “several fac-
tors which have nothing to
do with discrimination. —
such as the country’s (ra-
cial) numerical make-up”.

“We can’t leave the mat-
ter there,” ‘said moderator
Boesak. The subject clearly
needed to be investigated
more thoroughly, he said.

A delegate said the ethics
of capital punishment
should also be investigated.
Another wanted a “sen-

tence” of necklace murders
included in such an investi-
gation to “make it more
complete and balanced”.

The synod decided to re-~
fer the issues of discrimina-
tion and ethics for investiza-
tion by the Commission for
Doctrine and Study.

Boesak ruled that neck-
lace executions'could not be:
equated with formal State.
executions. It was agreed
that the synod’s abhorrence
of these killings should be
dealt with at a later stage
under a separate motion.

@A statement by the NG
Sendingkerk’s outgoing mo-
derature on last year’s un-
rest was rejected by the syn-
od this week.

The statement, issued on
August 12, 1985, put a “too
simplistic interpretation on
our society and the causes of
violence” said Dr Hannes
Adonis of Goodwood, moti-
vating a motion rejecting
the statement.

The statemerit identified

SOUTH AFRICA

“the weak economic circumstances and accompanying unemployment" are possible
contributory factors to the committing of cruel murders and damage to property.

The statement expresses the moderature's “conviction” that the system of

apartheid and the inequality assigned to the coloured populati "
responsible” for the unrest. Popubatfon were “greatly

Another speaker said the statement oversimplified the issue.
Adonis' motion was accepted by a majority.

/12379
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86



In the beginning of this week, a landmine rocked a military convoy of the
South African death force [as heard], the SADA. According to the highly
censored information of the Botha regime, only six soldiers were injured in
the blast. After this big explosion, which threw the racist soldiers into
disarray, (?creating fear) in the hearts of the generals in Pretoria which
resulted in the shedding of self-confidence between soldiers and their [words
indistinct] against the innocent people of Mozambique.

Malan has said that the Mozambican people and government must be ready to bear
the consequences of their support to the ANC freedom fighters. Malan and his
cohorts in Pretoria pretended not to know the Tumkhonto We Sizwe is the people
of South Africa and the people themselves are Umkhonto We Sizwe and they are
inside South Africa itself. To fight them in means to Malan to look for them
not in Mozambique, not in Angola, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Botswana, or Zambia, but
he must start looking for them in Pretoria, in Cape Town, Johannesburg,
Durban, Bloomfontein and through the length and breadth of that country. That
is where Umkhonto We Sizwe is. And, of course, that is where the people of
South Africa are.

It is only today that the racists are thinking of the Nkomati Accord, an
accord which they themselves have turned into a discord. How long has
Mozambique been speaking about Pretoria's support to the self-styled
Mozambican National Resistance Movement? How many South African military
officers have been captured already in Mozambique in their physical
involvement in that country? Where then were the clauses of the Nkomati
Accord which today the racist regime is shouting about?

Countrymen: Who amongst us can believe that Pretoria signed the Nkomati
Accord in good faith? Who can believe that the accord brought any change or
attitude towards the people and the Government of Mozambique? Who can believe
that the Botha regime had adhered to any of the said clauses of the accord?
Comrades and friends: Only ignorance and [words indistinct] would make us
believe that the Botha regime has attempted to honor any of the clauses of the
Nkomati Accord. As far as practice and experience shows, the Botha regime has
long thrown the clauses of the Nkomati Accord in the dirty dustbins of
history. It has never stopped for a moment supporting these bandits in
Mozambique.

However, countrymen, in keeping with the normal behavior of a wounded,
cornered and dying beast, it will kick nearby objects, uprooting trees by the
roots. The Botha regime is likewise speaking wildly in a desperate attempt to
get someone along with [words indistinct]. Hence Malan's warning to
Mozambique.

Compatriots, in the face of continued aggressive threats against the
neighboring states and internal brutal repression, we have one thing and one
thing alone in mind: to intensify our armed offensive throughout the country
so that we can outstretch the enemy personnel and make it impossible for him
to move into Mozambique, to move into Angola or Zambia. We have to attack
everywhere at every time and cause permanent panic and restlessness in the
enemy camp. Let every soldier and police, every puppet and [word indistinct]

81



among which is the obvious evidence of an attempt to find concrete solutions
to improve the living conditions of the population in the municipality of Soyo
and also of Zaire Province.

In this context, the extensive projects to expand the heliport ‘(with a land-
ing capacity of four helicopters) the Ministry of Transportation's port, the
commercial area, and the residential and recreational areas were also enter-
prises visited with considerable interest by the ministers from Botswana,
Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi: who,on the proper occasion, did not fail to.
express their gratification at the opportunity offered by the Angolan Govern-
ment, at a time when everything is being done so that, when peace is achieved,
we may jointly develop the economic potential of the African continent's
southern region.

It'is important to stress that, in the first phase of the project for develop—
ing the oil area in the municipality of Soyo, nearly $58 million has already
been invested, and its second phase will cost $60 million. The construction
of a residential area and the supplies of electric power and drinking water to
the Kwanda base, as well as to the municipality of Soyo's population, are the
pressing concerns. of the oil operating companies' administration, from the
standpoint of providing greater economic strength, which this region of the
People's Republic of Angola well deserves.

2909
cso: 3442/10



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

TALKS WITH EEC--President da Costa had talks with EEC officials in Brussels
from 18-19 September on the implementation of projects under the third Lome
Convention, and a new fisheries agreement (AED 20:9:86), Sao Tome & Principe
has been allocated ECU 6 million ($6.2 million) under the current convention,
most of it for rural development. Since Lome 1 started in 1975, the country
has received ECU 23 million ($23.7 million) in EEC aid, of which ECU 7 million
($7,2 million) has been in Stabex payments to compensate for shortfalls in
cocoa export earnings, The current fisheries agreement with the EEC expires
at the end of November, and the talks covered access for EEC vessels in return
for financial compensation. During Da Costa's visit, the European Commission
also announced the transfer of ECU 300,000 ($308,550) in emergency aid to com-
bat malaria, Incidence of the disease has risen sharply since the start of
this year, causing the deaths of some 200 children. {Text] [London AED in
English 27 Sep 86 p 15] /9274

cso; 3400/179

51



y Ethink it will be. I think it’s a
vicious indictment against any government
when the Leader of the Opposition resigns
in the fashion that Van Zyl Slabbert has
resigned. It seems to me that what he was
saying was, you are hitting your head
against a brick wall.

‘The problem with a negotiated settle-
ment is, of course, that the initiative lies in
the hands of the government. But the
government is not willing to take that
initiative.

‘To make demands such as those that
Mandela and the ANC should renounce
violence is just the height of naiveté.

It seems to me that, by saying this. Botha
is making a statement. He is saying he

is not prepared to negotiate, because he is
setting conditions that can never be
fulfilled.

I think the chance of a negotiated
settlement is very remote. At the same time
we did say that mass action is going to
heighten tensions and contradictions within
the ruling class, co the extent that it may
splicapart . . . that will also be decisive as to
whether we will have a peaceful or a violent
solution.

What would you ultimately envisage — a
sharing of power or rather a transfer of
power? What would the people regard as
“liberation”?

What would be regarded as the end of the
presenrState, or liberation, is when the
ANC or the new government assumes
complete authority. Even if there should be
a period of transition. this would not yet be
regarded as liberation, What the government
would need to do, before there could be
any negotiation, is co release Mandela and
unban the ANC.

One does not preclude the possibility of
some transitional period. But these ovo
i¢ preconditions will have to be met.
Without them, there can be no negotiation.

And then, would you envisage a transfer
rather than a sharing of power?

Oh yes, certainly, I would take the view
thac we would be talking about the transfer
of power, I chink it would still be possible
to negotiate the transfer of power. Buc it is
the transfer of power we would be interested
in.

But you would envi

age continued white
participation in politics?

Oh ves. If vou look at the Freedom
Charter, which | chink will basically form

93

the constitution of the new society, I think
that is made abundantly clear. This is why
the democratic movement makes the point
that it is important for whites to participate
in the process of struggle. rather than to
wait and participate in a liberated country.

How do you believe whites could
participate now?

By supporting campaigns such as the End

Conscription Campaign and the Release

Mandela Campaign. I think it is important
for white people to
understand thac it is not
going to be possible to
create middle of the
road organisations and

I'm afraid they will
actually have to come
into the heat of the

battle, by joining organisations such as the
UDF and the Release Mandela Campaign,
and by taking an active part in the creation
of an alternative system of education. I think
they can play a significant role in these areas.

Do you envisage a specific role for the
business community? What could this be?

It's difficult to work out an agenda for
them. As far as Iam concerned, we are
ing certain demands of the State, and
at this poine the business people are to a
large extent inseparable from the broader
detinition of the State. They will have to
initiate their agenda themselv

You have referred both to the working
class as well as national political move-
ments. Do'you draw a distinction between
the working class struggle and the national
political struggle, or do you see these as
elements of the same struggle?

Vhey are intertwined. We experience both
national and class oppression. But we
cannot address the question of class
oppression without first addressing the
question of national oppression. [ see these
als CWO Movements of the same proces:
At this stage the UDF approach is very
central to answering the question of
national oppression. Buc | think ata later
ge the leadership will have to move
tirmly into the hands of the working class in
addressing the question of class oppression,

Do you therefore foresee two phas:

the struggle?



Disagreement On Indian Rights
Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 11 Aug 86 p 4

[Article by political editorial staff: "Difference of Opinion About Rights of
Indians"]

[Text] Differences of opinion arose among delegates to the KP's [Orange] Free
State congress in Bloemfontein about a proposal that all rights of Indians in
the Free State are going to be taken away without any extra compensation if
the KP comes to power. The proposal was introduced by Dr At van Wyk of Parys.
Dr Van Wyk introduced the proposal under a point of discussion on internal
affairs. The proposal was first to take away the rights of Indians in the
Free State "without compensation," but he later said Indians will indeed be
compensated for what they have spent, but nothing more.

Displeasure

Mr Frans Wessels from Bloemfontein said the proposal unnecessarily gives a
negative color to a point of discussion in which the congress is expressing
its displeasure because Indians are admitted into the Free State without a
referendum. Mr Tom Bartleman from Marquard said such a proposal just gives
people a stick to hit at the KP. The Indians are now getting legal rights
under the present government, and delegates have to think of what would happen.
if the economy should fall flat. Mr Theuns Crawford from Warden said the
proposal should be accepted so that the Indians are not "disillusioned" if the
KP comes to power. The proposal was accepted after a vote.

Traumatic

Mr Daan van der Merwe, MP for Rissik, said in his answer he is glad the
proposal was accepted because the Indians know what the KP's policy is. He
said it was for him a "traumatic and shocking experience" to sit on the
standing committee which had to discuss the matter. The National MP's from
the Free State did not say a word. "It is difficult these days to be
civilized and orderly in parliament, and one needs the mercy of the Lord."

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72



KENYA

BRIEFS

AGREEMENT WITH CSSR SIGNED--Kenya and Czechoslovakia yesterday signed an
agreement of cooperation in culture, science, education and health care. The
permanent secretary in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr Bethuel Kiplagat,
who signed it on behalf of Kenya, said the agreement would enhance close co-
operation between Kenya and Czechoslovakia. Mr Kiplagat expressed the hope
that Czechoslovakia would provide Kenya with some scholarships in technical
fields to boost the volume of trade between the two countries. The Czecho-
slovak Ambassador to Kenya, Mr Milan Dudas, signed for his country. [Text ]
[Nairobi STANDARD in English 3 Oct 86 p 3 EA] /7051

cso: 3400/180

33



see to it that all political prisoners and de- ©

tainees, on both sides, were released; would
bring the end of apartheid, and independence
for our country. .

Our illusions were shattered on the 26th
February, 1979 when the Secretary-General’s
Report on the Implementation of the Settle-
ment Plan made no provision for monitoring
the restriction to base of those SWAPO
cadres in Angola and Zambia who decided
not to return peacefully to their country, and
determined that SWAPO cadres under arms
would be moved to designated locations in-
side Namibia and confined to base there, un-
til the election process had been certified.
The prospects of bands of armed men roam-

“ing the country after elections and of a force
of Namibians under -arms in neighbouring
states, was wholly at variance with what we
had been led to understand was to happen in
these elections. We, like all parties other than

SWAPO, protested, and the long drawn-out,

process of negotiations again commenced.

I shall not bore you, or our readers, with
the details. We all know them. We did not in-
troduce the issue of Cuban linkage; the
Americans and the South Africans did. We
continued to insist on impartiality. by the
United Nations, which other countries, in-
cluding South Africa, seem to be less con-
ceined about. We are concerned about it be-
cause elections will be a sham without it.
What reasonable person would go into elec-
tions when the institution to certify the result
- the United Nations - is on record as desig-
nating one part which will participate in those
elections, as the sole and authentic:represen-
tative of the people of Namibia.

It is meaningless to distinguish between the
General Assembly, the Security Council and
the Secretariat in this regard. The General
Assembly is responsible for the designation
of SWAPO as sole and Authentic represen-
tative and of SWAPO’s elevation to. the

_ status of Permanent Observer. It also votes

the millions of United States dollars-which
SWAPO receives from the United Nations
each year. The Secretariat administers the
programmes from which SWAPO: derives
this benefit and, as the servant of the General
Assembly, pays the money.

‘The Office of the UN Commissioner for
Namibia distributes tens of thousands of in-
formation kits on Namibia, containing
SWAPO’s Constitution and Political Pro-
gramme and a colour poster of Comrade
‘Nujoma. Needless to say, NO word is men-
tioned of the existence of any other political
party. The Secretary-General has confessec
his lack of power to do anything about this
ridiculous state of affairs, The Security
Council, although permitted to do so by its
Provisional Rules of Procedure, fails con-
sistently to behave impartially by allowing
other Namibian parties to address the Coun-
cil, as SWAPO is routinely permitted to do,
when the Council deals with the question of
Namibia.

/12828
CSO: 3400/203

45

What conceivable reason do ‘we have,
under these circumstances, to believe that the
United Nations will administer free and fair
elections? Even after we, the Transitional
Government of National Unity, had done a
considerable part of that which was to hap-
pen under the terms of the Settlement Plan,
by releasing the political prisoners previously
held by South Africa, introducing a Bill of
Rights and securing the agreement of the
South African government to a system of
proportional representation, to move the
process further down the road, a representa-
tive of the six parties which, through the
TGNU, had been responsible for these steps,
was denied the opportunity of addressing the
Council last:November, to the considerable
embarrassment of the Secretary-General.
What a fraud! :

It is not yet too late for the United Nations
to correct its errors and, as I suggested to you
in my last letter, Mr Nujoma would be in a
position to make the decisive difference. As
you apparently misunderstood what I wrote,
jet me repeat it: .
Independence is perfectly possible. The. ‘war’
can end tomorrow. All that prevents it is
SWAPO’s nonsensical insistence on the title
so cavalierly conveyed on it by the United
Nations - the ‘sole .and authentic representa-
tive of the Namibian people.’

If Mr Nujoma would stop pretending that
he does not need to speak to other Nami-
bians, other than those who were bought or
seduced into accepting his leadership, there
would no longer be a problem. Even South
Africa is on record as assuring the interna-
tional community that it will not stand in the
way of the implementation of any agreement
which the Namibian parties may reach.

SWAPO still has an opportunity to break
the deadlock. One request by Mr Nujoma
could have the General Assembly embrace
not one but all Namibian parties. His call
would open the UN Institute for Namibia
- that horribly misnamed institution.- to all
‘Namibians and not only carefully screened
SWAPO members. It could produce millions
of rands for the improvement of health ser-
vices, education, housing and community de-
velopment in. Namibia, funds presently
squandered on explosives and guns, interna-
tional conferences and the salaries of interna-
tional civil servants who have never even set
foot in Namibia. The solution is within
reach.

That is what I asked Mr Nujoma to do,
Professor Lombard, not to join any uncer-
tainly laid table. If he does that; if he accepts
other Namibians in other parties as his
brothers and sisters and joins with them in
calling on the United Nations to abandon its
biased posture; if he agrees to meet with us to
agree to end his foolish war against Nami-
bians - how many South Africans are killed
by his cadres? - then independence will be at
hand. I repeat Nujoma is the concerned na-
tionalist you seem to think he is and not the
power-hungry fraud that I used to know.



INTERIM GOVERNMENT SAID TO SPREAD 'MYTH' ON SCHOOLS

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 12

[Text]

112379
cso:

3400/155

THE INTERIM government’s chief propagandist, Mr
Sean Cleary, has done it again. This time putting to
the outside world the myth that a Cabinet decision
has ensured the opening of schools to all races by ear-
ly 1987.

We wish to emphasise, once again, that a decision
taken in principle, cannot be regarded as having been
put into practice, before such stage as the legislation
providing for apartheid education has been changed.

We also wish to point out that certain second tier
authorities do not concur with the purported Cabinet
decision. In addition, it hardly seems as the the
Cabinet as a whole concurred.

There is a long way to go before education in this
country is integrated, and propaganda sent abroad
about ‘open schools’, may impress a few gullible peo-
ple abroad, but does not change the situation on the
ground in Namibia - a situation which would appear
to continue unchanged for the foreseeable future.

50

NAMIBIA



NAMIBIA

POLITICAL PRISONERS ENTER 8TH DAY OF HUNGER STRIKE

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 1

[Article by John Liebenberg]

[Text] Twelve political prisoners at the Windhoek gaol are entering their
eighth day of a hunger strike, initiated because of a number of grievances
which include the receipt of only one letter a month and one visit a month.
Mr David Smuts of the law firm Lorentz and Bone, who is representing the 12,

confirmed that negotiations were continuing with the Commissioner of Prisons,
John Robberts, with a view to settling the matter. He added the grievances of

the 12 should not be 'trivialised' but would not comment further.

The chief grievances include the
fact that the prisoners: may receive
only one visitor a. month and that
they may send and receive only one
letter a.month each. Other com-
plaints include the lack of exercise
facilities and a demand for radios.

The 12, who have not eaten since
their strike began last Thursday, and
who are drinking only water, are
long term political prisoners, with
jail terms ranging from five to 24
years.

They include Sam Mundjinji, Veiko
Ngitewa, Erastus Uutoni, Desiderius
Ankome, Vilho Kashilulu, Frans
Angula, Eliakim Shumbe, Ber-

nadinus. Shikongo, Josef Sagarias,

Teofilius Jason;

112379

cso:

3400/155

It is not known at“this. stage
whether the prisoners are in good
health, or whether they. are being
visited regularly by a medical doctor.

Approached on the hunger strike,
Colonel Robberts déclined to com-
ment but said that inquiries should
be directed to interim government
Deputy Minister of Justice and
Prisons, Mr Katuutire Kaura.

Mr Kaura confirmed that the
demands included television sets in
all cells, unlimited correspondence,
unlimited visits from family
members, that they be allowed to buy
food supplies, and shortwave radios
‘because they don’t want to listen to

~ SWABC anymore’.

All 12 men, he said, fell in the

46

category of prisoners, ‘which
means that they are only entitled to
send and receive one letter each per
month, and one visit from family

" members. :

Approached for comment on what
the condition of a person who had
been on a-hunger strike for 7 days
would be, medical practitioner Dr
Kenneth Abrahams, said that
although they would be showing no
signs of vitamin deficiency or
noticeable weight loss, they would be
listless and generally weak,

He said that if they had not eaten
after two weeks of a hunger strike,
then force-feeding should be
considered,



particular can play a greater role here.
Does that fit in with the government's decentralization policy?

Decentralization can only work if the goose who lays the golden eggs does not
have its neck wrung. It is thus even in the interest of decentralization that
the economic capacity of the PWV area be strengthened. I think that
decentralization could be regarded as extremely successful if one third of the
expected 10 million people who must be urbanized are settled in the so-called
deconcentration points. ‘This once again emphasizes the continued importance
of the PWV area as a work provider and residence.

Objections to New Township
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 20 Aug 86 p 14
[Article: "Norweto in Crossfire -- Circle of Objections Gets Wider")

[Text] The circle of objections to the proposed black township of Norweto,
north of Sandton and Randburg, is getting wider by the day. Even farmers of
Brits want to forestall the establishment of the township, east and north of
the Diepsloot Nature Reserve. According to Mr Vic Read, chairman of the
coordinating committee of protesters, about a thousand people are already
supporting the campaign. About 10 regional meetings have already been held
since the contemplated black township was announced on 8 August as part of the
draft guide plan for the central Witwatersrand. About 30 residential areas
are supporting the campaign. The latest areas to join the protest campaign
the past few days are Sandton, Randburg, Lanseria, Brits and Schoemansville.
"Most of those people want to be recognized in such planning beforehand," Mr
Read said. That is one of the most important cbjections. "What is happening
here is also going to happen elsewhere. That is why it is important that,
regardless of their political views, people now stand together and say: up to
here and no further.

Mr Coert Steynberg, member of the coordinating committee, said yesterday the
campaign was not born from the fact that it is just now a black township. Any
township of that size in that particular rural area will disturb the ecology.
The proposed township will house about 270,000 people. If one assumes that
that represents 90,000 breadwinners, about 2,000 buses will be needed to
transport the people back and forth from place of work to home. There is no
railway in the area. "Just the increase in traffic will be something
tremendous," he said. Then there is still pollution and the availability of
water. Mr Steynberg pointed out that a northwesterly wind normally blows over
the area. That will mean that residential areas like Sandton, even the city
of Johannesburg, will be saddled with the black township's air pollution.

The farmers of Brits, who also want to vote, are getting worked up; they are
dissatisfied that their main route to the Johannesburg market will run through
the township. It is claimed that in times of unrest that could cause quite a
lot of problems for them. Mr Steynberg did not want to express himself about
an alternative placement of the township. "It is not our purpose to throw our
dirty laundry on someone else's roof. Moreover, we hear that the government

75



SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA OFFICIAL SAYS BLACKS WILL DISMANTLE APARTHEID
MB081038 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1024 GMT 8 Oct 86

[Text] Frankfurt 8 October SAPA--Stepped up sanctions were unlikely to change
Pretoria's policies, the general secretary of Inkatha, Dr Oscar Dhlomo, said
in West Germany today. Addressing a businessmen's symposium on South Africa
in Klostergut, near Frankfurt, he said domestic forces, rather than the well
intended outside pressure, would bring about decisive change. Outside
intervention would be most effective if it strengthened the bargaining power
of black democratic forces inside the country, Dr Dhlomo said in remarks
prepared for delivery. This was preferable to destroying the economy on
which black consumers and workers depended, he said. Dr Dhlomo, who is also
the KwaZulu Minister of Education and Culture, said white South Africans-—
including those who were "fairly liberal"--had largely accepted what he called
the government's moving goalpost theory. This made South Africa believe it
was futile to appease foreign opinion by meeting any demands which would
immediately lead to new demands in a never ending movement towards white
capitulation. Pretoria argues it would not make political adjustments in
response to foreign or domestic demands, but according to the rulers own
timetable and strategic logic.

The government's perceptions of the costs to be borne as a result of sanctions
depended on the other alternatives. If it means political suicide, it would
go a long way towards the bitter end and live with increased pressure rather
than capitulate.

“The people who will dismantle apartheid are the oppressed black South
Africans," Dr Dhlomo said. "To do this they will need to be strengthened by
Western Governments.” They needed to be equipped with the necessary skills
that would enable them to render apartheid unworkable. This was the only way
in which the West could ensure that apartheid was not replaced by a far more
vicious system. “In other words,” he said "the West must begin now to work
earnestly in partnership with democratic forces inside South Africa in order
to lay the foundations for a post-apartheid democratic system of government
that will not turn out to be a threat to the West itself.”

/12913
cso: 3400/163

85



POLITICS HEADS AGENDA AT CLERICS MEETING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Sep 86 p 4M

[Article by Brendan Seery]

[Text]

WINDHOEK — The kwa-
Zulu-Natal Indaba came
to Windhoek last week-
end and its members saw
and were conquered by
what they felt was the
spirit of a new. deal
Sweeping the land.

Less convinced that the |

ills of Namibian society

are close to being cured °

are the country’s church-
men, who, as the Nata-
lians were leaving Wind-

hoek, began meeting in :

the annual conference of
the Council of Churches
of Namibia (CCN).
Representing ‘the ‘ma-
jority of Christians in the
territory through its
members, which include
the Anglican, Catholic,
Episcopal, Methodist and
Evangelical © Lutheran
churches, the council has
proved itself one of the
most outspoken oppo-
nents of Pretoria and the
status quo in Namibia.

ATTACK

Strong: statements at-
tacking South Africa and
the Pretoria-installed
Multi-Party Conference
(MPC) Government in
Windhoek, and calling for
the. implementation of
the United Nations Reso-
lution 435 settlement plan
can be expected from the
churchmen. ° .

Over the years, Nami-

bia’s' churches’ and the‘
; CCN have fought running :

batles with the authori-
ties over apartheid and

the continuing South Afri- '

can administration of the

territory.
Alleged. abuses of
human rights by the secu-

rity forces have often
been thrust into the spot-
light only after the inter-
vention of clergymen.

Clashes between
church leaders and the’
establishment led to:
well-publicised expul-
sions — such as those of.
Anglican Bishop Robert
Mize in 1968, Bishop Colin
Winter in 1971, Pastor
Wolfgang Kreuger of the
German Evangelical Lu-
theran church of SWA in
1973, and Anglican Suf-
fragan Bishop Richard
Wood in 1975.

Since the middle and
late 1970s, the positions
of heads of the major
local churches have all
been held by Namibians,
and so deportation has
ceased to be an option for
the Government.

However, the continu-
ing conflict between the
two has seen the deten-
tion of church workers,
as well as the refusal of
the passport authorities
to grant travel docu-
ments to leading clerics.

On one -oceasion, the
CCN offices in central

40

NAMIBIA



NEW NATAL HIGHWAY PREDICTED TO BRING DEVELOPMENT BOOM

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 25 Sep 86 p 17

{Text]

19274
cso:

3400/157

THE NEW modern highway between Durban’!

and Transkei will “shrink” Natal and be a major

-catalyst for massive development and boom con- |

ditions in the area.

“This was predicted by Mr Ray Smith, Natal’s
Director of Roads, in an interview at the opening of
the pew ‘stretch between Ramsgate and Port Ed-
ward,

‘The highway also eliminates the last two one-way :

bridges on the South Coast.

* “Tt will shorten the time taken to travel between
Durban, which is the centre of power in Natal, and
the South Coast,” said Mr Smith. “This can only bene-
fit the whole area.”

“Communications are the lifeline of development :
and the new road will cut transportion costs dramati- -

cally, which in turn will cut costs of deliveries.”

“The benefits of development could be judged by a‘

Shelley Beach supermarket which had opened recent-

ly: and was said to have cut grocery prices by 25.

percent.
‘Development means that living will be better.
Some exclusiveness will be reduced, but it will still

be available. But the North and South coasts are ;

places for people and must be developed.”

Mr Smith said the 18%-kilometre stretch had cost

Ri9 million and meant that motorists would no
longer need to use the old winding road between
Ramsgate and Port Edward.

The four-lane road was capable of carrying in- :
creased volumes of traffic and the last two remaining ;

one-way bridges on the South Coast, over the Tongasi
and Impenjati rivers, had been elimii
fording the motoring public a superior route.

s Before the road construction began in September :

1981, the traffic count was 1600 vehicles a day. How
ever, with the opening of the casino at the Wild Coast
in. November 1981, the volume of traffic increased

considerably. Early in 1984, 3 400 vehicles a day were °

counted, reaching a peak of 5500 vehicles a day in
December 1984. .

An even higher growth-rate is expected, especially
after the multimillion-rand expansion programme
at: the Wild Coast, which should be finished before
Christmas. The new road effectively reduces the time
between the casino and Durban by half an hour.

110

inated, thus af- _

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-86-110
4 NOVEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ANGOLA

UNDP Funds Transport Projects
(Harare Domestic Service, 5 Oct 86) seccveccccccrcveeeeeecs

Retrospective Look at UNITA's Efforts Toward Negotiation
(Figueiredo Paulo; TEMPO, 18 Sep 86)...

UNITA's Struggle Defended
(Jonas Savimbi; 0 TEMPO, 25 Sep > eno

SADCC Delegation Visit to Soyo Described
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 20 Aug £1.) ee

Refugee Resettlement, Soviet Internationalists Visit Benguela
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 15 Aug BE) cecccenccecceceeeeescerererre

Soviet Delegation Visits Huila
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 21 Aug [<>

BPV Organization in Huambo Described
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Aug 1.) ee kas

Benguela Provincial Commissar Visits Cubal, Ganda
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 14 Aug 86) ..sseeeeeeeesererereeerers

Ho Chi Minh Institute Trains Technicians Despite Difficulties
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 20 Aug 1.) ea

Kuito Experiencing Transportation, Equipment Shortage
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Aug 86) ..++eeeeeeeeeeee

Briefs
EEC Financial Aid Figures Given
Bengo Coffee Harvest Figures

-a-

10

12

13

14

16


--A lack of discipline among some pupils.
--Intimidation of teachers.
--Damage to school property.

=-The destruction of a school bus, and the headmasters car being driven by
unlicensed drivers.

--The desecration of the United States flag.

--Only a small number of parents paying school fees.

"We still have great hopes for Pace College,” he said, “and we have gone back
to the community to ask what should happen at the school." Mr Mason said
AMCHAM was prepared to meet any “prescriptive suggestion" the black community
might have concerning Pace, but cautioned that quick action was needed as “we

are having money trouble keeping the school going."

It costs R250,000 a month to keep the college in operation, according to Mr
Mason. Fees are R3,500 a year, and bursaries are available.

To solve the present crisis, Mr Mtshali pointed out, staff members at Pace
must be assured first that the school is going to continue and their jobs are
not in jeopardy.

"I began with the college, and I would not like to see it close now,” he said.

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103



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

COMPUTER INSTALLED--A high-technology industrial systems designer, Power-
tronics, recently installed a computer-based control system for producing
asbestos-cement roofing sheets at Turnall AC, The machine imported from

the United Kingdom is expected to produce four and a half tonnes of asbestos-
cement an hour for 24 hours a day, In the picture Powertronics managing
director, Mr Oloff Smyth programmes the system at Turnall AC in Harare,
{Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Oct 86 p 8] /9274

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63



/12379
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to have these institutions in
abundance.

‘The per capita allocation of funds
for education is also determined on
aracial basis. The black schoolchild
receives an average of R40 a year
while his white counterpart receives
R600.

Tt should be stressed that education
ig almost exclusively reserved for
white children in Namibia. They en-
joy the privileges of compulsory and
free education while our black pupils
have to struggle to get to school, let
alone to universities, because they
simply cannot afford it.

‘The unavailability of job oppor-
tunities for our students is a factor
responsible for the lack of interest in
education on the part of our people.

I want to make clear to those who
are proponents of apartheid, and in
particular the interim government
Education. Minister, Mr Andrew
Matjila, that the abovementioned
problems are realities in Namibia.

We in Nanso are not interested in
the socalled ‘integration’ of education
where the ‘rights such as language,
culture and religion will always be
honoured’.

We call for the total eradication of
the present evil system, so that our
parents may have the opportunity to
decide on our education. Until such
steps are taken, there will be
widespread discontent. among.
students in Namibia.

49



that, govemment is just going to continue to
meet resistance from the black community.

What is your view of the ANC? Do you
share its ideals?

I share some of its ideals, I certainly share
the ideal of the creation of a non-racial
democratic society in South Africa, which is
the main objective of the ANC to my know-
ledge. We differ on the methods of achieving
that goal. We must endeavour to achieve our
objectives in a peaceful environment
because if we polarise our society further, it
will be very difficult to restore things to
normality. I think we need to build bridges,
we need to get together and talk rather than
fight.

Do you believe it is possible to achieve a
settlement through negotiation?

Well, I have got certain reservations about
government's willingness to share power in
a meaningful way with black peoplé. The
white community feels threatened. They
will only share power to the extent that it
does not jeopardise their existing firm
control over the country’s economy and
political life. Blacks, on the other hand,
would not settle for anything less than equal
Opportunity and equal rights. I think this
will have to be in a one-man-one-vote situa-
tion. We cannot have an ambivalent system
which allows a certain part of our community
one-man-one-vote and the other another
type of system.

Do you believe the government would ever
agree to a one-man-one-vote system?

They may not agree to it but I think wisdom
must eventually prevail. If, as government
claims, we are committed to the ideals of
democracy, then eventually there must be
recognition of individual rights rather than
group rights. Democracy centres around
individual rights, so that the choice remains
with the individual to decide what

he wants.

The individual must be recognised as the
unit of democracy. Goverment errs by look-
ing at everyone in terms of membership of a
group, in terms of differences in skin colour.
Tn fact, we have tried to build a nation on
the basis of the recognition of differences
rather than on the recognition of the com-
mon areas of agreement. We have exploited
the differences.

I think we should turn the whole focus
onto areas of common ground and build on
those. Skin colour is certainly a factor, but I

98

regard it as very peripheral and even irrele-
vant in any assessment of our needs in the
coming years.

Blacks want to be part
of the political and eco-
nomic life of the coun-
try. They want to make
acontribution. White
people can’t always be
‘on top and black people
at the bottom. People
must be at the top or the
bottom according to their

abilities. If this country has a black leader
with the ability to lead us, then he must be
accepted as the leader of our country. We
should not be looking for a white leader ora
black leader, but simply for a competent
leader. Colour is completely irrelevant.

You say you share the ANC’s stated ideal
of a non-racial democracy but that you
differ with its methods of achieving that
goal. What is your strategy?

First, we have to do the obvious things. We
have to relax the barriers chat have separated
our nation into two somewhat irreconcilable
factions. We've got to remove colour ba
We've got to allow black people participation
in government. We have to open schools to
whoever wants to be there. There should be
no black schools and white schools, there
should be schools for our nation.

But to get there will demand that we enter
into some serious dialogue, and in order to
prepare for that dialogue we must enable all
interested groups to be able to participate in
the final dialogue that must come. For
instance, this is why I feel it is necessary to
have a man like Mr Mandela out of jail. It is
necessary to recognise that the ANC has
some support in this country and should be
free to participate in the final discussion. All
the players must be at the discussion. Even
the ANC is willing, I believe, under certain
conditions, to participate in discussions.

Do you think government is right in de-
manding that it will only talk to the ANC if
it renounces violence?

I think this is an unnecessary prescription, an
unnecessary requirement. I believe talks
must begin. They must not be delayed by.
such conditions as the cessation of violence
because, in any case, the ANC argues that
government itself is violent, that it must
renounce violence. So now you have a stale-
mate.



between South Africa and countries to the north, such as Zimbabwe and Zambia.
The impact of the Botswana railway can be seen in the fact that the greater
percentage of the population [word indistinct] along the railway line. The
closure of this railway line, because of sanctions or other political motiva-
tions, would be a severe blow to the economy of Botswana. More so than most of
her neighbors, Botswana's economic and political stability in the future is
dependent on continuing economic cooperation with South Africa.

/7358
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23



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

EEC FINANCIAL AID FIGURES GIVEN--From 1979 to March of this year, the People's
Republic of Angola received 81.235 million European Currency Units (ECU) in fi-
nancial aid from the European Economic Community. This figure was recently
provided by the EEC delegate in Angola, Kieran O'Cuneen, in an interview with
the Angolan News Agency (ANGOP). O'Cuneen added that 25.6 million ECU (an ECU
is more or less equivalent to one US dollar) was given to Angola before the
country joined the Third Lome Convention on April 30 of last year. The first
aid package, made under an assistance program to non-member countries, was used
to underwrite ten projects, six of which were designed to develop fishing in
Namibe Province and cost 21.160 million ECU, O'Cuneen said. In the first phase,
the Common Market, in cooperation with the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR), also financed port rehabilitation studies, rural water-supply
projects in Huila, Namibe and Cunene provinces, and programs to resettle dis-
placed persons in Uige Province,, he added. Since Angola joined the Third Lome
Convention, which is an instrument linking 66 African, Caribbean and Pacific
countries to the EEC, 55.635 million ECU has been received in financial aid
through regional and national programs, non-governmental agencies and emergency
assistance and food programs. Some of the more important programs were a
17.622-million-ECU emergency aid program and the 8.5-million-ECU Benguela Rail-
road project, said O'Cuneen. O'Cuneen reiterated the twelve nations’ willing-
ness to allocate 95 million ECU to the People's Republic of Angola through the
European Development Fund between 1986 and 1990, the term of the Third Lowe
Convention. This aid, which was announced last April during an EEC delega~
tion's visit to Angola, will be concentrated in agricultural projects, infra-
structure repairs, development of fishing and industry and personnel training
programs, mainly in Huila, Namibe and Cunene provinces. According to the EEC's
representative in Angola, a similar amount will be allocated to regional pro-
jects sponsored by the Conference on the Coordination of Southern African De-
velopment (SADCC), adding that additional funding will be made available under
emergency food and refugee projects. When asked to give his opinion on how

the entry of Spain and Portugal into the Common Market will affect these two
countries' trade with the People's Republic of Angola, O'Cuneen replied that
only the Spanish-Angolan fishing agreement will have to be renegotiated through
the Community. This high Common-Market official added that the twelve nations
will contribute US$110 million to finance projects to be implemented by SADCC.
He said this was announced by the EEC at SADCC's last annual conference, which
was held in Harare in January of this year and attended by the nine nations of
southern Africa and the international donors. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA
in Portuguese 16 Aug 86 p 12] 8844

19



SOUTH AFRICA

MACHAM'S PACE COLLEGE BESET BY PROBLEMS
MBO91647 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1319 GMT 9 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg 9 October SAPA--What has gone awry at Soweto Pace
College? The college's official opening four years ago was accompanied by a
blaze of publicity, and many regarded it as a landmark educational institution
that had opened new vistas on the horizon for hundreds of black youngsters.
Companies that had put together the R10 million needed for the project were
overjoyed, and all had great expectations about the college. But the recent
troubles that befell the college--the first of its kind on the Witwatersrand--
imply that the project has been anything but successful.

Mr Rex Pennington, Pace's headmaster and former rector at Michaelhouse Boys
School in Natal, resigned suddenly in March. The deputy headmaster, noted
poet Mr Oswald Mtshali, tendered his resignation in August after an incident
involving pupils and the SADF. He described the incident as “the last straw
on the camel's back."

Pace was established to create and strengthen black representation in commerce
and finance, but it is clear that somewhere along the line something went
wrong. The college achieved disastrous matrix results last year when, out of
the 131 pupils who sat the exams, only 10 got matriculation exemption and
eight others received school-leaving certificates. There have been several
boycotts, and on one occasion the school had to be temporarily closed.

“The fact that we created it as an elitist school may have something to do
with the problem," says Mr K.R. Mason, the executive director of the American
Chamber of Commerce in South Africa (AMCHAM). He also believed that the
location of the college--in Jabulani--could be a problem, as it was a volatile
neighbourhood. Also, he added, people tended to associate American companies
with the American Government. “We're not political, we're not part of the
government. Our sole function is to get people educated.”

Mr Mthsali agreed that an elitist tag has been attached to the college. “I
feel that because this school is in Soweto, it should serve the interests and
wishes of the people of Soweto. It should not have been made to operate in
isolation from the other Soweto schools."

Mr Mason listed the following problems at Pace:

102



Mr Manu Sarpong and the other members of the committee then took the oath of
secrecy. Other members on the committee are Mr S.K. Appilah, and Dr A.B.
Ahmed, both of the Bank of Ghana; Mr D.K. Osei, Ghana Commercial Bank; and Mr
Kwame Osei of the Ministry of Trade. The rest are Reverend $.R.S. Nicholas
of the Association of Ghana Industries; Mr E.0. Labisuan of the National
Revenue Secretariat; the director of the National Monitoring Unit at the
Castle; and the PNDC representative at the Bank of Ghana, Major Samson
Okaing.

/7051
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31



Bophuthatswana, in pursuit of its aim of establishing
itself in the Sierra Leonean diamond industry. Until
very recently, Sierra Leone’s diamond exporting
companies were dominated by Jamil Said Moham-
med and a handful of others.

On the weekend of 8-10 August, a party of six
Israelis arrived in Sierra Leone on LIAT’s behalf
aboard a UTA flight, having received special landing
permits from immigration authorities. They visited
the mining regions, especially Boajibu, and left on
Wednesday 13 August. Several of the Israelis, includ-
ing a Mr and Mrs Poulovi and one Simonyi had
reportedly visited South Africa in the recent past.
Moreover one of Kalmanowitch’s principal secretar-
ies is a white South African, Christa Nel, who was
once a confidential secretary in a state ministry in
Bophuthatswana.

It is evident that LIAT has close connections with
South Africa, that it is intent on grasping the Sierra
Leonean diamond trade, and that it has gained great
influence. Momoh himself is reported to have said
that ‘LIAT have (sic) come to stay, and they are
going to stay.’ At the moment it seems likely that
projects like FOREX and the bridge from Lungi
airport to Freetown will proceeed. However it would
be wrong to assume that LIAT is in complete control
of the government. For example, at the moment
the government is preparing a programme for the
agricultural sector which involves the import of
200 tractors. It has been reported that agriculture
minister Suffian Kargbo recently visited Saudi Ara-
bia to discuss the import of tractors, and yet various
sources in the ministry of agriculture say that the
import of tractors has also been discussed with
LIAT. This suggests that the government is bargain-
ing hard with both sides, the Lebanese and Arab
interest on one hand, and the Israeli-South African
connection on the other. Presumably, whichever
offers the best deal will win the support of the
government. :

The bargaining currently in progress poses a moral
dilemma for Momoh’s government which is increas-
ingly facing other African governments, not to men-
tion those of South Africa’s Western trading
partners. In Sierra Leone’s case, the dilemma invol-
ves consideration of how to break the Lebanese hold
on the economy which has been a disaster for the
country and is a handicap to Momoh’s new govern-
ment. A South African and Israeli-sponsored alter-
native, such as that offered by LIAT, may be
distasteful to opponents of apartheid but it offers
strong attractions to the government and, perhaps,
to the country. On the other hand the more compro-
mises which black Africa strikes with South Africa,

55



SOUTH AFRICA

PRIORITY GIVEN TO FARMING LAND IN WEST CAPE PLAN

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 25 Sep 86 p 2

[Article by Frans Esterhuyse]

[Text]

THE Government has proposed that good agricul-
tural land in the Hottentots-Holland basin should
be protected as a matter of priority in the develop-
ment of the area.

The proposals are contained in a draft plan re-
leased today. by the Department of Constitutional
Development and Planning for representations and
comments by interested parties.

The Hottentots-Holland basin includes Somerset
West, the Strand, Gordon’s Bay, Firland, Gustrouw, i
Broadlands and Macassar. |

MORE COMPACT :

The plan proposes that urban development of
the area should be more compact with higher pop-
ulation densities. .

The new draft plan is the third regional plan
drawn up by the guide plan committee for the
Cape metropolitan area.

The committee found that the possibilities for
the expansion of industrial areas were limited.

However, a service industrial area could possi-
bly be provided at Gordon’s Bay and the Broad-
lands industrial area could also be expanded. The
Macassar industrial area should not be enlarged
further.

Among other recommendations are that:

@ Natural assets of particular ecological impor-
tance, such as mountain areas, river banks,
streams and vlei areas, he protected;

@ Places of historical interest be preserved;

@ The tourist potential be expanded;

@ Urban development should fit in with pro-
grammes determined by the local authorities con-
cerned and the provincial administration;

@ Existing harbour facilities at the Strand and
Gordon's Bay beexpanded if necessary;

@ New powerlines and Substations, as far as pos-

19274
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109

sible, should be so placed that a miriimum of dam-
age was done to the environment. _

The committee recommended that urban devel-
opment on gradients steeper than 1:6 had to be ap-
proached with “great circumspection” and prefera-
bly discouraged.

No urban development or other permanent
structures should be allowed within an area judged
by the Administrator to be a flood plain. However,
the Administrator might relax or waive this prohi-
bition in special circumstances.

Where exceptional natural assets are affected
by township development, such natural assets, in-
cluding water courses, should be retained as open
spaces in township layouts.

INTEGRAL PART

Service industries, which normally form an inte-
gral part of a central business area, could be al-
fowed in suitable places not allocated for industri-
al purposes in terms of the guide plan.

In such cases, however, approval would have to
be obtained and the sites
should be zoned appro-
priately.

Anyone wishing to
make representations on
the draft plan can write
to the Director-General,
Department of Constitu-
tional Development and
Planning, Private Bag
X644, Pretoria 0001,
within 60 days.

Copies of the draft
plan are available for
inspection at the depart-
ment’s offices in Pre-
toria and Cape Town


SOUTH AFRICA

PROPOSED NEW BLACK TOWNSHIP DETAILED
Plans for Black Township
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 13 Aug 86 p 13

[Article by Helena Botes: "Black Township Government's Challenge -- a Chance
for Privatization"]

[Text] Verwoerdburg- - "The development of a new black residential area near
Verwoerdburg offers the govermnent the opportunity to privatize that township.
The private sector and the people for whom the area is intended can contribute
to satisfying the needs of Blacks." Mr Piet Geers, town clerk of
Verwoerdburg, was commenting on the development of a black residential area on
the eastern and northern side of the Diepsloot Nature Area. That development
forms part of the draft guide plan for Central Witwatersrand which has been
compiled by the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning.
Whether the town council of Verwoerdburg is going to raise objections to the
guide plan is an open question at this stage. According to Mr Geers, the
guide plan will be submitted to the town council.

The proposed residential area, which will be located about 20 kilometers from
Verwoerdburg, will cover an area of 3,400 hectares and house 250,000 people.
Housing for all population groups is needed. According to Mr Geers, the
infrastructure in the area is excellent and is also well provided with roads.
"This will result in workers traveling shorter distances, thus saving time and
money," Mr Geers commented. Mr Geers does not see the proposed residential
area having any drawbacks for Verwoerdburg.

Need for Township Questioned
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 12 Aug 86 p 6
(Question-and-answer column: "Those Towns Inevitable"]
[Text] The proposed establishment of a new black town near Diepsloot,
northwest of Johannesburg, has clearly evoked opposition. Otto Krause
discussed this and the broader question of black urbanization with Mr Johan

Fick, chairman of the Department of Development Studies at the RAU [Rand
Afrikaans University], and city council member of Johannseburg.

73



She recalled that nine independent countries in southern Africa had created
the southern African Development Co-Ordination Conference (SADCC) to develop
their economies collectively and to reduce dependence on external sources
generally and on South Africa, in particular, with a high priority on the re-
habilitation of transport systems. “As economic sanctions against South Africa
had increased the threat of retaliation bythe apartheid regime towards SADCC
nations, she urgently appealed for assistance to ensure that SADCC lifelines,
such as the Beira and Maputo, corridors, Tazara and Benguela railways, were
secured.

In additional programmes in agriculture, food security, energy, commerce and
industry and many other areas had to be accelerated. Additional resources were
needed so that they could defend their independence and continue the momentum
of development. Those who had influence on South Africa must dissuade it from
destroying SADCC projects and destabilizing those countries, she said.

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25



Yes ~also to the village committees. In the
bantustan of Lebowa, for example, some-
villages are actually being run by the people
themselves. Members have resigned from
the bantustan parliament and are identifying
with the people.

I expect that Lebowa is going to fall,
sooner rather than later. It is going to col-
lapse, because the process of struggle there
has been so heightened. and the contradic-
tions within the bantustan itself are such,
that it is just falling apart. This is an example
of what people's power can do. Education
is another example of the potential of
people’s power.

The people are insisting that an altemative
system of education should be taught in the
existing schools, by teachers being paid by
the Department of Education. The National
Educational Crisis Committee is setting up
commissions to investigate such a system.
The idea is that as soon as the commission
has prepared a curriculum, this will bring
about yet another phase in the development
of the struggle. The people therefore want to
take control of the schools as well. It is
happening, in front of our eyes.

When you say the ANC exists within the
country, do you mean as a formal
organisation or rather through popular
identification?

I think ic would probably be both. Firstly, on
the popular level, I would say the ANC
exists because the mass of our people iden-
tify with the ideals of the ANC. They identi-
fy with che Freedom Charter. they identify
with Nelson Mandela. Now I don’t think
you can get more ANC than that.

On a second level, it seems to me that the
ANC is conducting a very systematic political
campaign within the country. I cannot vouch
for the fact chat there are ANC structures
within the country. But political and even
military events would seem to confirm that
such structures exist.

When you say a transfer of power has
begun to take place, do you also mean that
the authority of the government is dimin-
ishing accordingly?

Sure. The government resorts to violence
and criminal acts against the people to the
extent that it has lost control. So the more
violence we see. the more control the
government has lost. There are some
elements, particularly in the white com-
munity, who believe that the military might
of the regime can reverse this historical
process. But that is absurd.

91

Even the tactics of our people have
changed. They are no longer going into the
streets simply to throw stones at armed
soldiers. Instead, they are neutralising that
army by events such as May Day and the
consumer boycotts which are not containable
through violence — which cannot be
controlled or suppressed by the use of
violence, .

This is a very significant development in
the struggle. More than thar, the struggle is
also beginning to create tensions and
contradictions within white society.

The End Conscription Campaign, for
example, is another indication that the
struggle had reached the point of
no return.

So do you see eventual victory as inevitable
despite the strength of the State?

Oh yes. There is no question about that. Of
course, one has to acknowledge that the
intensity of the violence against the people is
going to be horrendous. For a start. if the
State were to collapse today. can you imagine
the kind of blood-letting that will take place.
First of all, what do you do with those armies
in the bantustans? They all have their private
armies and they are armed to the teeth.
Won't they be crossing through the sub-
continent just creating havoc? It is in the
process of the collapse of the State that you
will have more violence.

One could argue in the Sixties and early
Seventies that the Scate was firmly
entrenched because it was then using its
political institutions to control and suppress
the masses. But vour armed forces are your
last resort, and that is where we are now in
this country.

How do you see this eventual victory
occurring? At this stage it would appear as
if “people's power” would be mostly
restricted to the townships. What would you
say the next phase could be and how do
you see an eventual transfer of power
taking place?

First of all we have begun to see the
movement of mass action from the
townships, where it was limited in previous
years, into the countryside, to a point where
I think the political struggle in the country-
side is so advanced thar it leaves many
townships lagging behind.
So. firstly, I see people's power spreading
out of the townships into the rural areas and
then into the cities.
“This has already begun
to happen in Port



When enough Cuban officers have returned to Cuba in coffins, Castro will face
the wrath of his own people. We already know, through the Cuban prisoners of
war, that the war in Angola is unpopular in Cuba. The United States can help
our cause by getting the truth to the Cuban people through Radio Marti and the
Voice of America, thus weakening Castro's already shaky regime. :

Our military strategy is aimed at inflicting casualties on Fidel Castro's
troops and, when possible, not those of the MPLA. Some authentic Angolan
nationalists have been forced by the Cubans to combat the MPLA. Just as not
all the German officers in World War II were Nazi fanatics, there are also
Rommels and von Stauffenbergs in the MPLA, nationalists who oppose the Cuban
occupation. These unwilling combatants are our brothers and our objective is
to treat them well when we capture them. Many MPLA prisoners are now fighting
on the side of UNITA. Each UNITA victory strengthens the position of the
nationalists within the MPLA and hastens the day when they will join with us
to drive out the Soviets and Cubans.

Strength of the Communists

UNITA's guerrilla war against the Portuguese was much easier than the one it
is waging against the Cubans and Soviets. The Portuguese may have been bet-
ter infantry soldiers than the Cubans, but, compared to the new African colon-
ialists, the Portuguese were inferior in terms of the quantity and quality of
weapons. The Portuguese used very few tanks and they had, at most, 5 helicop-
ters, whereas the Soviets and Cubans may send 15 helicopters into a single
engagement. The Soviet Union may not have enough food to feed its people of
the technology to turn out computers, but it knows how to produce weapons.

(In fact, the UNITA troops rely on the Kalashnikov AK-47, a cheap automatic
carbine which stands up to sand and water better than anything the United
States has to offer at comparable prices.) The Soviets also supply weapons
in huge quantities. In the last 18 months, MiG-23 and MiG-21 fighter planes,
armed MI-24 helicopters (the weapon used so effectively against the Afghan
people) and T-62 abd T-55 tanks, as well as trucks and armored personnel car-
riers, have been unloaded in Angola, to the tune of $2 billion (300 million
contos).

Compared to the Soviets and Cubans, the Portuguese were as weak politically as
they were militarily. They attributed almost.no importance to the political
aspect of the war and they did not have international support. On the other
hand, the MPLA was already being singled out with aid and rewards from Soviet
bloc groups long before it was a factor in the war against Portugal. The com-
munist guerrillas and the occupation forces have the benefit of a propaganda
machine established throughout the world. When the Cubans and Soviets assumed
power in Angola, their propaganda machine immediately went into action in the
Organization of African Unity, in the United Nations and in front-line organ-
izations all over the world.

The communists’ third force in combating the nationalist resistance movements
is their ability to impede news coverage of events, with the surprising com-
placency of the West. Very few images of Kampuchea or Afghanistan are seen on



How necessary is the establishment of new black towns?

It is inevitable if one bears in mind that the process of black urbanization
has only scarcely begun. According to conservative demographic data, we will
have to accommodate 10 million new black urbanites before the end of the
century. In practical terms this entails the building of 10 new Soweto's over
the next 14 years. That is almost one new big town each year.

How are we progressing with that at this stage?

I am aware of the fact that quite a lot of planning has already been done by
government authorities. However, the placing of those towns is extremely
sensitive politically; like with a bus stop -- everyone wants the bus stop in
their area as long as it is not right in front of their own home. It thus
appears to be inevitable that the government will simply have to make the
logical decisions and not take the immediate vehement reaction too seriously.

How do you see the situation in the PW [Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging]
area?

My feeling is that around seven out of the 10 million new urbanites will have
to be accommodated in the PWV area. This means that the need for new towns in
this area is going to be acute. The situation is aggravated by the fact that
most existing black towns do not have much expansion opportunity except for
high densities. Available ground is a central problem. It is thus a pity
that people squabble over the placing of one new town in the PWV area; namely,
that near Diepsloot, while about five new towns will have to be built here.

What about the objections to Diepsloot specifically?

I think that the establishment of a new town in that area is inevitable;
firstly, because of the fact that Alexandra is full to the bursting point and
does not offer any chance for large-scale expansion. For example, studies
have even indicated that to properly upgrade Alexandra, its population would
have to decrease. Secondly, the existing labor needs of Randburg and Sandton
have to be handled. And thirdly, there is the expected large-scale
development in Midrand. We also know that some black people who now work in
Sandton ride the bus four hours a day from Soweto to their place of work and
back. That is an untenable situation.

But is it not a mistake to always build only sleeping towns for Blacks and not
economically independent towns?

I want to hope that current planning will address that matter by placing those
towns to have them connected with expected industrial developments. The
seriousness of this situation is indicated in a recent study by my department
at the RAU, which found that less than 10 percent of Soweto's total labor
force works inside Soweto. If it is accepted that just about 250,000 new job
opportunities a year will have to be created in South Africa by the end of
this century, the fact is emphasized that black towns will also have to be
fully utilized in this connection. The informal and small business sector in

74



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO FREEDOM ON ARMED ESCALATION AGAINST APARTHEID REGIME

EA092123 Dar es Salaam Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1815 GMT 8 Oct
86

[Text] Compatriots, in our program this evening, Comrade Solly Rekebe
comments on the need to strengthen the People's Army, Umkhonto We Sizwe, to
destroy the Apartheid regime, the source of tension in the sub-region:

(Rekebe) The people's patience is not endless. A time comes in the life of
any nation when there remain only two choices: submit or fight. That time
has now come to South Africa; We have no choice but to hit back by all means
in our disposal in defense of our people, our freedom, and our future.
Indeed, countrymen, the time has now come when the war between the gestapo
police and army on the one hand and the masses of our people on the other has
reached heights never reached before. In words and deeds, every patriot has
become a combatant and every combatant is a patriot.

In the first nine months of this year our army, Umkhonto We Sizwe, has seen an
ever escalating armed offensive against the racist minority regime. It has
seen the masses of the oppressed people ready to fight to the bitter end and
if need be to pay the supreme sacrifice for the liberation of their
motherland.

We are proud to say today, compatriots, that South Africa is in a state of
total war--a war that involves the entire nation. Only yesterday, the
Pretoria generals were hopping from one black area to another, recruiting
blacks for their murderous army and police force. They are recruiting the
blacks under the slogan: Total War Against Communism. We can talk also about
the concentration camps where our children are being brainwashed and sent to
work in the interests of the regime. All these, countrymen, are desperate
attempts to save the sinking (?ship) of Apartheid.

Compatriots: We are here talking about a people at war. We are talking about
a people who have had enough of Apartheid. They are no longer prepared to
submit to its oppression, discrimination, and exploitation. They can no
longer stomach being treated like aliens in the country of their birth. They
have confidence not only in the justice of their cause but in the
inevitability of their victory. The strength of their conviction is matched
by their readiness to die for those convictions. They will, therefore,
sustain their struggle whatever the cost.

80



ANGOLA

RETROSPECTIVE LOOK AT UNITA'S EFFORTS TOWARD NEGOTIATION
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Sep 86 p 21
[Commentary by Figueiredo Paulo}

{ Text] London--The reconciliation of the Angolan people is the primary goal
of the UNITA--National Union for the Total Independence of Angola.

The most precious possession of our country-~its people--is about to be de-
stroyed by the apparently interminable series of conflicts between UNITA and
the illegal regime imposed by the MPLA (Popular Movement for the Liberation
of Angola).

After years of harsh struggle, the UNITA appeals in good faith for an end to
hostilities and the creation of a realistic and workable relationship with
all the factions in conflict.

Since its creation in 1966, UNITA has worked continuously for national unity,
based on the common goals of the liberation of Angola from foreign domination
and the creation of a just society, in which all its people would share
equally in the wealth which nature has given the country.

Even during the war with Portugal, UNITA never stopped searching for a way to
establish harmony and cooperation among the Angolan liberation movements. From
the beginning of its history, UNITA has advocated a united front of all Angolan
patriots, recognizing that, during the anticolonial struggle, the greatest dis-
agreements were between the Angolan people and the Portuguese Government--and
not among the various liberation movements.

In July and August of 1966, UNITA met in Lusaka, Zambia, with Anibal Melo, one
of the leaders of the MPLA, but with no results. In September of that year,
Dr. Jonas Savimbi and other UNITA leaders met with Holden Roberto, leader of
FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola), also in Lusaka, to discuss
the formation of a United Angolan Democratic Front. Once again, there were no
conclusive results.

In 1968, the president of UNITA transferred his permanent base to Angola. Thus,
in 1969, began the reorganization and consolidation of UNITA inside the country.



CSS: COST OF NATION'S PUBLIC SERVICE SOARS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 2 Oct 86 p 2

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

19274
csO: 3400/157

THE costs of the country’s public service

.and its establishment continue to ex-

pand, making a mockery of govern-:
ment’s commitment to a smaller, more:
efficient service.

According to Central Statistical Ser-'

vices figures released yesterday, the
numbers employed by central govern-
ment increased by 4,4% in the year to
June, and the total payout for the first

uarter of the financial year — April to
June — by 168% compared with the
‘same period last year.

Central government employed 397 227
workers in June — 152 650 of them white
—according to the figures. This was
17289 more than in June last year.

‘And the salary payout for the three
months to end June was R1,356bn —
greater by R228,353m than for the same

three months last year.

Based on these figures, the central '

government's annual salary bill will

soar to nearly R6bn for State depart-.
ment workers, and the personnel in the’

SADF, police and prisons, if the 13th
cheque is taken into the calculation.

PFP spokesman on the public service
Reuben Sive said the figures conjured up
a picture of bureaucracy gone mad. No
small part of the increased numbers and
pay bill was due to the infrastructure
which had to be created to accommodate
the tricameral parliamentary system.

Even a 10% pay hike at the start of the
new financial year in April — which is
less than the expectation — would add
more than R500m to Finance Minister
Barend du Plessis’s 1987/88 budget.

At the end of June, too, the provincial
administrations employed 265 355 work-
ers — 7 096 more than in June last year.

108

SOUTH AFRICA



“We would be able to walk tall, black and white seeking the good of all and
not regarding one another as actual or potential enemies. We would be
overwhelmed by the welcome and friendliness of the world.”

Archbishop Tutu also said violence was “always an evil thing,” whether it was
the violence of those “seeking to uphold a discredited and bankrupt political
system" or of those who, having been victims of the system, cry “enough is
enough." He mentioned specifically the “brutality” of security forces who
"fire ammunition at the drop of a hat as if the targets were anything but
human.” He attacked the "almost mindless violence of those who use the
gruesome necklacing method to despatch those they call collaborators" and the
“reckless violence of indiscriminate bombings of civilian targets.

/12913
CSO: 3400/163

78



SABTA CHALLENGES DTA FOR PASSENGERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Oct 86 p 21

[Text]

/12379
cso:

3400/146

THE Southern Africa
Bus and Taxi Associa-
tion (formerly the Black
Taxi Association) yes-
terday ‘ announced a
campaign to attract
passengers from the
State’s - trains’ and
“White-owned bus com-
panies”. a

The move,  an-
nounced by Sabta presi-
dent Mr James Ngcoyo
in Pretoria. yesterday,
would be part of a “tar-
get’. sanctions” ’ ‘cam-
paign, and brings to a
head a - long-running

feud between Sabta and
the Department of
Transport Affairs.

The Department re-
fuses to grant unlimited
taxi permits through its
road transportation
boards as it feels that.

104

this would jeopardise
the national transport
infrastructure and cause
massive road traffic con-
gestion. ee,

‘Transport. Minister
Mr Hendrik Schoeman
recently addressed Sab-.
ta’s annual general
meeting at Sun City on
the issue.

Mr Ngcoyo said yes-
terday that Sabta would.
soon start issuing coup-
ons. to “international
companies”, to be sub-
sidised and resold to
their staff.

Sabta would also es-
tablish service and pe-
trol stations country-
wide.

“International com-
panies and Black South
Africa will be urged to
support this endeavour.

SOUTH AFRICA



bourgeoisie. ‘They are all doing that.

It is unacceptable to me that when you
run a paper, all you do is to give one
column or one page to what you call “labour
news”. This is actually to distort social
reality completely. They do that be
they realise that the working class hi
numbers. So that if we just make a little
comer theirs, they will probably buy the
paper and by so doing actually subsidise it
for the petty bourgeoisie.

Do you therefore believe that the press
should serve the liberation struggle, or that
it forms part of the struggle?

The press cannot be neutral. When news-
papers in this country claim to be neutral,
they are actually serving the interests of the
ruling class.

I would take the view that no reporter can
be objective, no newspaper can be neutral,
and that for newspapers to be acceptable to
people, they must reflect their social reality.
‘This is the bottom line. And they are not
doing it.

If you read a paper, and it applies to all
these liberal papers, black and white, some
of the things they say seem innocent enough,
but you know that they are deeply rooted in
ideology.

There is a view that white-owned “liberal”
newspapers were often destructive of black
journalism. How do you feel about this?

This is correct. ‘The destruction that you talk
about occurred at various levels. First of all,
these newspapers never made an attempt to
upgrade black journalists, ‘This was in fact the
strongest hold they had over black journalists.
You get an underqualified person and you do
nothing to improve the quality of his work.
Tn this way you ensure that he remains
inadequate, and cannot move out of your
ambit of influence. You create a dependency
complex, you lock him into a relationship in
which he will be perpetually disadvantaged
and you as a newspaper owner will be
advantaged over him.

Secondly, the abuse of black reporters —
both personal and profe:
spread. Black journalists would go out, geta
story and come back, and the police version
would still be the decisive factor. This of
course is very frustrating.

Would you include the Rand Daily Mail
under your criticism of the “liberal” press?

89

Oh yes, certainly. In fact, the RDM was one
of the main culprits. In the period of ’76, for
instance, you had an entire newsroom of
people who were not on staff, who were
freelancers, but were expected to report for
work every morning at 9am. And these re-
porters would be sent out to very dangerous
situations, where violent confrontations were
taking place. They were not employed, they
had no cover. Some of them actually ended
up in detention. They were held for report-
ing on the unrest. And they were not on
staff, These were some of the issues which
made it necessary for us to launch a union of
black journalists.

A lot of people never quite understood
why at that time we insisted on an association
of black journalists. Some assumed we were
being racist, others that we were being shal-
low in implementing black consciousness.
But the reality was that these people were on
the lowest rung of the ladder, and that to
move out of this situation they had to
organise themselves.

So, in other words, your link with black
consciousness was more a question of
strategy rather than a reflection of your
ultimate political values?

Certainly. Although one always held to the
principle of non-racialism, one accepted that
it was tactically important to take the action
we took at that stage.

Would you argue similarly that, while
participation in the struggle is obviously
predominantly black, that this does not
reflect on the ultimate value of non-
racialismP

Sure. My position is that whatever we do, we
need at all times to reflect social reality, and
that reality is that the black people are in the
majority. And that is going to be the
pervading factor throughout.

But still within a broader framework of
non-racialism?

Oh yes, certainly, It’s still a question of one
man one vote. The only answer to our
problem is majority rule, but of course we do
that understanding that we do it within the
framework of non-racialism.

Another interesting aspect of your career is
that you've had a particularly intensive
exposure to ideology from an early age. You
obviously come from a core ANC back-
ground. When the black consciousness


ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

DELHI REPORTS ON AFRICA FUND--India has begun consultations with the Nonaligned
countries on the modalities of the Africa fund to assist the frontline African
states to reduce their dependence on South Africa. The fund was set up under
India's chairmanship at the Harare summit. The minister of state for external
affairs, Mr Eduardo Faleiro, is already in Lusaka on a 2-week tour of Zambia,
Angola, Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe as a special emissary of the prime
minister, Mr Rajiv Gandhi. Mr Faleiro's discussions with the Zambian prime
minister, Mr Kebby Musokotwane, who is just back after an extensive tour of
India, centered mainly on various aspects of the fund. Mr Faleiro is being
assisted in his talks by Mr N. Krishnan, India's permanent representative at
the United Nations and other senior officials. Mr Faleiro will call on Mr
Kaunda before he leaves for the Angolan capital, Luanda, tomorrow. [Text]
[Delhi Domestic Service in English 0830 GMT 6 Oct 86 BK] /7358

RSA REPORTEDLY TRAINING DISSIDENTS--Lusaka, 2 Oct (ZANA/PANA)--Racist South
Africa is training about 2,000 Zambian dissidents to invade the country, Zambian
President Kenneth Kaunda has disclosed. The Government-owned ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL,
in its lead story today, quoted President Kaunda as telling a news conference in
Gaborone Botswana yesterday that South Africa had mobilised remnants of the
{words indistinct] and other dissidents to come and disrupt peace. Mushala, a
game ranger by profession, was killed by Zambian security forces in [words in-
distinct] sabotaging institutions and [words indistinct] later in the north-
Western Province. A disgruntled Mushala is said to have left game ranging for
South Africa for military training after not being given a high post in govern-
ment he had asked for. President Kaunda told newsmen before his departure at
the end of a four-day state visit to Botswana that the mobilisation of dissi-
dents [words indistinct] problem [word indistinct] it took the government
(2eight) years to corner Mushala. But I appeal to loyal Zambians to remain
united and be ready to (?confront) the situation, Kaunda said. The MAIL also
said Kaunda's revelations followed the formation of an underground political
organisation in South Africa calling itself the United Freedom Movement for
Zambia (UFMZ). [Text] [Dakar PANA in English 1150 GMT 2 Oct 86 MB] /7358

cso: 3400/175

57



who have connections with the Lebanese, some of
whom are Muslims. This faction is the source of a
series of leaks which indicate that LIAT has close
links, through Israel, with South Africa.'

Evidence of the South African connection was first
uncovered by a West German business intelligence
consultancy, which found that LIAT shares are held

by a South African company called Bophuthatswana
Mankelsuertretung. This company has other business
connections with LIAT too. The president of LIAT
(Sierra Leone) Limited, Shaptai Kalmanowitch’, has
visited South Africa within the last two months.
LIAT internal memoranda even refer to their ‘head-
quarters’ in South Africa. Some of LIAT’s expatriate
staff are of South African or Israeli nationality
although they travel on British passports. One of
them lives in a house built for visiting heads of state
of the Organization of African Unity in Freetown’s
OAU village.

The Lebanese business community has been trying
to resist LIAT’s encroachment, without much
success. In June, local businessman Jamil Said
Mohammed (AC passim) sponsored a visit to Free-
town by Yasser Arafat. Publicly the visit was pro-
claimed a success for Arafat’s Palestine Liberation
Organization (PLO). Momoh and Arafat issued a
joint statement stressing their opposition to Zionism
and apartheid. Behind the scenes Arafat offered
Momoh US$8 million if he would sign a secret
protocol giving the PLO a training base for 300
PLO fighters on Banana Island. Initially, Momoh
agreed to this. Then the pro-LIAT lobby in the
cabinet persuaded him that it would be unwise to
have such a large and well-armed foreign force
within an hour’s helicopter ride of Freetown,
especially when some businessmen have a tendency
to recruit private security forces from among people
of Palestinian origin. Arafat left with his $8 million
still in his pocket and no secret protocol.

This gave a resounding victory to LIAT, which
is trying to consolidate by going into joint venture
with local businessmen in a variety of projects.
Probably the most ambitious scheme is one involving
the Sierra Leonean businessman M.K. Suma, owner
of the luxurious Lagoonda leisure complex, where
Momoh is sometimes to be seen relaxing in the
evenings. LIAT and Suma’s company - called
SUMATU - plan to take over the activities of the
National Trading Company (NTC) under the new
name Forex Trading Company. Together they pro-
pose to establish duty free shops, accepting foreign
exchange only, to be managed by FOREX. They
want to use the old NTC building for this, and also
to inherit its import licences for commodities such
as sugar, milk, onions, and rice. Rice is the staple

53



He added that the drop in oil prices cannot be used to justify a further wor-
sening of the situation the coumtry is now in. "It should serve to show us

what we are capable of: we can increase production through greater effort and
dedication," he concluded.

8844
cso: 3442/11

15



be open? Why did you stand idly by when
these poor people were making every effort
to secure the assistance. of. the Council of
Churches? Where were you when two of.
them lost their jobs with that same Council?
Do you endorse the concern expressed in the
leadership ranks of the Council of Churches
that one should not interfere in such matters
as they concern sensitive issues in SWAPO?
Or is the prospect of doing this simply not ex-
citing enough? How can you, as a practising
Christian and a Professor of Theology, try to
evade the issue by noting in parenthesis to
your claim to be disturbed, that the allega-
tions still seem to be quite vague.

Quite apart from anything else, you met
with Hamutenya and Ben Gurirab in Lusaka.
They were the two who, prompted by fear
that human rights groups were about to ex-
pose SWAPO’s abuses, made the announce-
ment in London this year that the movement
was holding 100 spies. What did you ask
them about these detentions and the welter of
accusations uncovered by the Interntional
Society of Human Rights and the Parents’
Committee? If you were indeed disturbed,
you would have prepared a list of questions
dealing with specific cases and ensured that
you got answers. If such answers had been
Tefused you, you would have had reason to
be still more concerned.

If the circumstances of my own experience

at Nujoma’s hands - which is now far less -

relevant than the ‘fate of the hundreds that
SWAPO is holding today - are of interest to
you, you could make enquiries of the Inter-
national Red Cross, Amnesty International
or the UN High Commissioner for Refugees.
The circumstances are unquestionably well
documented in their files. :

May I suggest that you embark on the
necessary investigation, get the facts, and re-
think your position.

SWAPO‘S IDEOLOGY

As I made clear in my first letter, this is not
a matter of great interest to me. The facts
are, however, that SWAPO’s policy docu-
ments, since 1976, espouse scientific social-
ism (which as any Sovietologist, or member
of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, will tell
you, has nothing to do with your experiences
in Switzerland, or’ the social democratic
policies of many Western political parties) as

the official policy of the movement. This was '

one of the issues on which I split from
Nujoma.

This policy jargon permeates SWAPO’s of- '

ficial documents; reference to studies pro-
duced by the United Nations Institute for
Namibia is beside the point. Of course its in-
troduction is a product of the years of ex-
Posure to Soviet and Eastern Bloc thinking
and the situation of dependence in which
SWAPO finds itself, vis-a-vis the Warsaw
Pact nations, Cuba and Angola. Thousands
of young Namibians are being exposed to
just the same ideological nonsense in those
countries today.

44

All those tags - people’s power, ownership
of the people, socialist and peace-loving
countries, national liberation movement and
hundreds of others routinely used by
SWAPO, derive from Lenin. You can read
them in any edition of Problems of Peace
and Socialism, published by the World Peace
Council. Surely you understand the meaning
of the names German Democratic Republic
and People’s Republic of Angola. Is that
what you have in mind when you speak of
SWAPO's mustering people’s power and do-
ing so democratically?

What I find most remarkable is your as-
sumption that Mr Nujoma and his band are
somehow bluffing the Soviets - simply, ...un-
derstandably us(ing) the common language
of ‘scientific socialism’ when. dealing with
these allies, but opening their hearts to you
about their real non-communist intentions
after just a few hours. If this is correct, don’t
you. think they must be very embarrassed

now that you have exposed their little ploy?
Surely Mr Gorbachev and the Soviet Polit-
buro must be rather upset at having been
deceived for so long.

Or do you think, Professor, that the So-
viets too are bluffing when they speak of the
national liberation movement as.the third
component of the world revolutionary pro-
cess, to which SWAPO has irrevocably com-
mitted itself? Do you think that the Soviets
are supporting SWAPO for reasons of hu-
manitarian concern or Christian charity.

Have you ever read Soviet writings on the.
national liberation movement and Moscow's.
expectations of those vanguard parties which
succeed in gaining power with the assistance:
of the Soviet Union (Maydanik, Mirskiy
1981; Inozemtzev 1981; Zagladin 1972; Mitin
1974)? Perhaps you have read the Political
Programme. Nujoma understands what the
Soviets want. Under the heading SWAPO
Foreign Policy, we find:

SWAPO holds high the banner of interna-
tional anti-imperialist solidarity. In pur-
suance of anti-imperialist solidarity, the
movement has resolved:

(e) to foster and strengthen the anti-
imperialist unity among the national libera-
tion, world socialist, progressive and peace-
loving forces in order to eliminate all forms
of imperialism, colonialism and’ neo-
colonialism,

Or, as a last possibility, Professor, do you
think you - and not the Soviet bloc - might
have been taken for a ride?

RESOLUTION 435

It always comes back to that, doesn’t it?
Let me state my position very frankly: My
Party, while it was not consulted in the pro-
cess of formulating the Western Settlement
Plan, endorsed that plan in 1978. It welcom-
ed the adoption of UNSCR 435 and called
for its early implementation. We believed the
United Nations would act impartially, would



STUDENT LEADER OUTLINES REASONS FOR DISCONTENT IN SCHOOLS

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 11

[Article by Hafeni Nghinamwaami]

[Text]

OUR country is run by the worst
system on earth, that which has
apartheid as its guiding principle
and oppression, repression and
exploitation as its means to main-
tain this principle.

In pursuing the philosophy of apar-
theid in the education sector, the
Pretoria government in the late
1940s and early 1950s, passed laws
which made provision for ‘Bantu
education’.

In 1954 the Bantu Education Act
brought into being separate educa-
tion departments for blacks.

According to this Act ‘the Bantu
child should be trained. to remain
essentially Bantu’. By this it was im-
plied that black children should re-
main ‘hewers of wood and drawers of.
water’ obviously for the white
‘bosses’.

Further implications are that the
black child was to be taught not to
think, for fear that he would be on
the same level as-the white child.

Although it is claimed that the
Bantu education system has been
abolished, the structures are today
still the same although the name has
been changed to ‘National
education’.

I want to make it clear that Bantu
education is still alive in Namibia.

In 1978 a South African Minister,
when asked about the possibility of
mixed education, said that it was not
in the interests of black children. He
went on to say that black children
were backward, and as such, needed
‘special attention’. According to him,
this was the justification for apar-
theid in education.

A former champion of apartheid,
Mr HF Verwoerd, was quoted as say-

48

ing ‘When I have control of black
education, I will reform it so that the
blacks are taught-from childhood to
realise that equality is not-for them’.

Education for blacks in Namibia,

is considered by the authorities as a
privilege and not a right.

We find in our schools glaring ir-

regularities to do with syllabi, cur.
riculae, teacher ‘qualifications,
schoolfees, recreational facilities and
many more.

Because our pedple have no say in
the compilation of the syllabi, we find
that the curriculae in our schools em-
phasise the study of language,
Afrikaans in particular, at the ex-
pense of the sciences.

The study of history for example,
is not encouraged, and those who do
study history are never given’ the
chance to study the history of their
own country and people. History
taught in our schools is a distortion
of the truth and an insult to Africa
as a whole.

Our culture is despised and our
students are taught the cultural
norms and values of the colonialists

at the expense of our own cultural

values.

Most of our schools suffer from
understaffing, and the teacher-pupil
ratio in black schools is approximate-
ly 1:50. ;

This is done to ensure that teachers
will not be able to attend to in-
dividual problems of pupils who need
special attention.

We do not have special schools for
the retarded and the physically han-
dicapped such as the blind (except a
few in the north) while whites seem

NAMIBIA



SOUTH AFRICA

ARCHBISHOP TUTU SEES CHANGE FOR PEACE, SECURITY
MBO91942 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1839 GMT 9 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town 9 October SAPA--Archbishop Desmond Tutu said today South
Africa stood a very good chance of achieving peace and security if the
government was prepared to lift the state of emergency and free political
prisoners. Delivering his charge to the 54th synod of his Cape Town diocese,
Archbishop Tutu said there was, incredibly, still much goodwill between black
and white "if only we will not be wantonly wasteful in dissipating it."

"Why don't we see that, with all the risks involved, a real chance (is) to
lift the state of emergency, to release all political prisoners and detainees,
to allow exiles to return home without fear of reprisals, to unban all
political organisations and then to sit down and negotiate together a new
constitution for a new democratic and non-racial South Africa?”

“What does the government have to fear with all its formidable military might
which, as we have been told innumerable times, they have not yet unleashed to
its fullest extent, from releasing Nelson Mandela and the others?"

"Surely if there were to be a serious threat of a breakdown of law and order
they would be able to deploy the same military forces, and they say we told
you so. At least there we have a risk with a chance, whereas we all know that
at present we are inexorably set on the road to self-destruction. I think we
have more than just an outside chance. We have a very good chance to make
it," said the archbishop, who is sharply opposed to Apartheid.

The Noble Peace Prize winner said he welcomed the “refreshingly realistic and
courageous" statement by the Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis Le Grange, at
the recent Cape Congress of the ruling National Party to the effect that the
might of the security forces alone would not end the unrest gripping the
country. Archbishop Tutu said this was a move away from the “knee-jerk
response that South Africa's troubles were due to agitators and communists.
“When we make the correct diagnosis we are well on the way to prescribing the
right remedy for the sickness. Now what we want to see is a translation of Mr
Le Grange's perception into effective action to destroy the iniquity that is
Apartheid." When this had happened, South Africa would not be the pariah of
the world but would have its borders open for all those who wished to invest
in the country, he said.

77



ANGOLA

REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, SOVIET INTERNATIONALISTS VISIT BENGUELA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Aug 86 p 3

[Excerpts] BENGUELA--The provincial government has set up an agricultural pro-
ject for bananas, corn, vegetables and livestock at the Equimina Reception
Center to integrate people dislocated from the jungle into the production pro-
cess,

Party and local government agencies, working in close cooperation with the Pro-
vincial Delegation for Social Affairs, have’also built a village in Balombo,
where there are 1,955 refugees. The village will also be used as a transit
center for the coastal city.

The refugees at the village will farm collective fields to improve their own
food supply and sell surpluses to the cities.

The secretariat of state for social affairs in Benguela is now caring for
12,464 dislocated persons in Benguela Province, who are scattered among the
province's nine cities, Baia Farta is sheltering 2,807 refugees.

It should also be noted that the secretariat is also caring for 317 orphans
found in the jungle, who are housed at four child-care centers in Benguela,
Bocoio, Cubal and Ganda.

Basic Training for Party Militants Concluded

Thirty-six students successfully concluded the first basic course for militants
and candidates for Party membership. The course began in January at the 17th
of September Political Instruction Center (CIP) at Cubal.

Political subjects, such as the history of the MPLA, its development into the
Labor Party, and the stages of the armed struggle, as well as other subjects
on the revolutionary process in Angola, were taught in the eight-month course.

At the graduation ceremony, Deolindo Fundanga, first party secretary for the
city of Cubal, said that the building of socialist society, the strategic goal
of the revolution, demands constant improvement of political and ideological
consciousness on the part of the masses and Party militants.

He added that mastery of politics and ideology by Party members will enable
them to analyze better the people's spirit, concerns and needs.

1o



RSA CONNECTION REPORTEDLY BEHIND CONFLICT WITH LEBANESE INTERESTS

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 17 Sep 86 pp 1-2

[Text]

Last month, we published revelations about the
conflict of Israeli and Lebanese interests in Sierra
Leone (AC Vol 27 No 17). We pointed out that this
conflict was connected with the establishment locally

of a company, called LIAT, which had also invested’

in the South African ‘homeland’ of
Bophuthatswana.

Africa Confidential has now received further
information suggesting that behind the Israeli inter-
est in Sierra Leone stands South Africa, which is
apparently setting up a sanctions-busting network in
Sierra Leone.

LIAT Finance Trade and Construction Limited is
officially based in Frankfurt, although sources in
West Germany have never heard of the company
and are unable to trace it. As we have already
reported, LIAT is poised to take over various com-
mercial interests in Sierra Leone previously in the
hands of Lebanese and Afro-Lebanese businessmen,
many of whom have been based there for at least a
generation. The government of President Joseph
Momoh is treating the matter as of the utmost
importance. Momoh is anxious to break the extensive
commercial and political power of the Lebanese,
who are deeply unpopular. Many Sierra Leoneans
will give their support to Momoh’s shaky govern-
ment if he can shrug off the Lebanese stranglehold
on the economy. However others, including some
who have little enough love for Lebanese tycoons,
are worried by Momoh’s choice of instrument -
LIAT.

Lebanese businessmen dislike LIAT not only
because it is forcing some of them out of business,
but also because of the Israeli connections which we
have already described. The Sierra Leonean cabinet
itself is split between those in favour of giving LIAT
a major share in the economy and those who are
opposed to it. The latter group includes politicians

52

SIERRA LEONE



Zambian Company Offers Dar es Salaam Route for Exports
(THE HERALD, 2 Oct 86) ...

Sweden To Probe New Paper Plant
(THE HERALD, 30 Sep 86)...

Zisco Bids Due for Management Contract
(AED, 27 Sep 86) .......eeece

Briefs
Computer Installed

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVEPNMENT

BLACKS

Botha NP Congress Speech Seen From Various Viewpoints
(Various sources, various dates) .........eeee eee csceseces

Botha Still Advocates Reform, Editorial
Botha'’s Congress Speech Criticized, by Gawie
Black Political Absence Noted, by J. S. Liebenberg

Use of Bible for Political Motives Rapped
(DIE VADERLAND, 19 Aug 86) ...c....006 cbeeeceeeee seeeeeeees

Details of KP Orange Free State Congress Viewed
(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 11 Aug 86)... .ccccccececececcecceceesececs

KP Envisions Possible Force
Disagreement on Indian Rights

Proposed New Black Township Detailed
(Various sources, various dates) ..ccecseeceecececceceecece

Plans for Black Township, by Helena Botes

Need for Township Questioned
Objections to New Township

Archbishop Tutu Sees Change for Peace, Security
(SAPA, 9 Oct 86) ...sseeeeceeseee eee cece eee eeeeneee eeeeee

Tutu Brands Apartheid Evil, Enchristian
(SAPA, 9 Oct 86) ...cceceeseeceeeeee See e cree nec ee rereeenes

Radio Freedom on Armed Escalation Against Apartheid Regime
(Radio Freedom, 8 Oct 86) ...cscccccecccccccccecccccscceees

Chief Buthelezi Challenges SACC Support
(SAPA, 10 Oct 86) ..ccceccccecccccccvcccsvcccccececececs soe

-~d-

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63

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64
67

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83



SOUTH AFRICA

USE OF BIBLE FOR POLITICAL MOTIVES RAPPED
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 19 Aug 86 p 10
{Commentary: "The Bible and Politics")

(Text] The Afrikaner has always been blessed by the fact that his leaders
were and still are deeply pious people. However, when politicians -- and
clergymen -- begin to use the Bible as a political manual, they are embarking
on a dangerous path. Religion and politics are both emotional matters. Add
the two together and the result is an explosive combination that can send
people off on their own and others' destruction. Our own recent past is proof
of how unwise it can be to use the Bible to try to justify a specific
political system. With selective texts, our politicians and our Afrikaner
churches tried to offer apartheid as biblical. And now they are both
embarrassed about this. Still, there are indications that political and
spiritual leaders have not yet learned a lesson.

Dr Treurnicht's weekend statement and some of the reactions to it demonstrate
only too unpleasantly that there are political and spiritual leaders who claim
the Bible for their ow political views. Dr Treurnicht attacks Mr P.W. Botha
because, according to him, the president is offering the reform policy as in
harmony with the Bible. But it is only too clear from the KP leader's words
that he in turn is claiming Bible sanction for his own policy. As a matter of
fact, that is also just what Bishop Tutu and Dr Allan Boesak are doing.

Our interpretation of President Botha's position is that he believes in the
future based on belief in God and that he and his government are continuing in
that belief with reform to bring about justice. We cannot find fault with
that. That is not using the Bible to justify a political system. If
President Botha had meant more than that, however, we would also have to
protest. But Dr Treurnicht is committing the same sin that he accuses the
president of. Our politicians, regardless of their party connection, had
better deal with the Bible cautiously. Misuse of it usually boomerangs.

13084
CSO: 3401/184

69



BOTSWANA

FOREIGN MINISTER ADDRESSES UNGA ON RSA, SADCC
MBO71726 Dakar PANA in English 1630 GMT 7 Oct 86

[Text] New York, 7 Oct (PANA)--Botswana's minister for external affairs G.K.T.
Chiepe said yesterday in New York that although her country could not impose
economic sanctions against South Africa, it would not stand in the way of those
who decided to do so. Those, especially the major trading partners of South
Africa who can, but will not impose sanctions on that country, must not use us
as an excuse for their inaction, she added. Chiepe was addressing the 41st
regular session of the UN General Assembly.

She also expressed her conviction that it was not too late for the leaders of
South Africa, both black and white, to sit down together, in a spirit of
reconciliation, at a conference table to negotiate a non-racial and democratic
future for South Africa. However, she observed, negotiation must be preceded
by the release of Nelson Mandela and all political prisoners, the unbanning of
the ANC and the PAC [Pan~Africanist Congress] the lifting of the state of emer-
gency and removal of troops from black townships and the return of exiles.

In southern Africa, she warned, the political fuse had been lit and was hissing,
ready to ignite a catastrophic conflagration at any time.

On economic issues she said that the General Assembly's special session to con-
sider the economic crisis facing Africa had raised the hopes of the continent's
people that the world's conscience was awakening to the need to help Africa
help itself.

African leaders, she said, had admitted past mistakes and made firm commitments
to implement the African priority programme for economic recovery if the world
would respond with medium term and long term programmes of assistance.

Developing countries, she said, had repeatedly complained about protectionist
policies, low commodity prices paid by developed countries, high interest rates,
the crushing debt-service burdens and the low levels of external concessional
assistance. As a remedy, they had called for a new international economic
order.

24



Black Political Absence Noted
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 14 Aug 86 p 10
[Column by J.S. Liebenberg: "The Absent Party"]

[Text] There has been a lot of speculation and guessing beforehand about the
National Party's Federal Congress which ended last night in Durban. And
there is still speculation and difference on the meaning of what was said
there. While some journalistic observers offered it as drasstic policy
changes, others were disappointed because, according to them, nothing new was
announced. When I asked a senior and informed authority what he saw as the
real aim and meaning of the congress, his reply took the wind out of the sails
of quite a bit of speculation. According to him, the aim of this and the
coming provincial congresses is simply to consolidate the National Party
behind the government.

It is on the one hand true that nothing was announced at the congress that has
not been said before. That is even true of the prospect for black city states
and a South African charter of human rights. But the National Party having
formulated policy in such a coordinated manner and so clearly is indeed new.
That was the last time the case in the late Dr Verwoerd's period. And that
policy is now going to be submitted, in its details, to all the provincial
congresses for confirmation. It is then also true, seen in this way, that the
leaders want to consolidate the National Party behind them. The message is
clear: there must no longer be doubt about policy. Here stands the main
leadership of the National Party and that is its policy. And elections can be
conducted on the basis of that policy; also a mandate obtained, first from the
congresses, then from the voters. Not only the PFP, but also not one of the
rightist groups like the KP, the HNP and AWB have a properly formulated policy
to offer. The fact that its policy was clearly formulated was always a
characteristic difference between the National Party and its opponents in the
past. It is now again so after the Federal Congress. They thrive to a great
extent just on criticizing the government.

The message has been brought clearly to the National voter and will remove a
lot of doubt. It is equally clear to the opposition; and, yet more important,
to the outside world. As in the past, everyone now again knows where the
National Party stands and where they stand with it -- everyone, except perhaps
the most important group outside the party that ought to know: the black man.
As an Afrikaans journalist and as a white, I can go along with what I have
heard in Durban the past two days. I also believe that is true of the white
voter. If head leader P.W. Botha should decide on an election —- and that is
his exclusive prerogative -- I think he would bring the National Party back
into the government with a strong mandate for this policy. But while I was
aware of the white National motivatedness, enthusiasm and unity there in the
big beach-front hall, I could not help wondering about the black man. He was
conspicuously absent as an observer in the hall. While he was being talked
about, he was busy elsewhere: in the places where earnings are still available
to him in spite of the recession and boycotts; in his own residential
neighborhoods looking after his own affairs as well as he can; or intimidating
and murdering his own people in a gruesome manner for an aspiration which is

67



ZIMBABWE

" ZAMBIAN COMPANY OFFERS DAR ES SALAAM ROUTE FOR EXPORTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Oct 86 p 8

[Text]

19274
cso:

nations in Zimbabwe via the port
of Dar es Salaam, as an alterna-

tive to the southern route for Zim- ,

babwean import and export
cargo.

‘The depot, located at Kurasini wi-
thin one kilometre of the Dar es
Salaam port area, and run by the
Zambian company, Sea Cargo In-
temational, is ideal for the handling

Project cargo, according to the com-

Pany’s operations manager, Mr
Stephen Barlow. It has an area of

3400/176

13 500 square metres and storage
capacity for up to 1 000 containers.

Sea Cargo is the largest single
user of the port, handling 60% of
the port’s export traffic — over
500 000 tonnes a year. Imports han-
dled amount to 65 000 tonnes a year

“It is entirely self-sufficient, giv-
ing us total control of all freight
handled”, Mr Barlow said. ‘‘No
other shipping line or freight oper-
ation has this advantage — they all
have to operate either within the
confines of the port or at some dis-
tance from the port area".

The depot has access to $1 mil-
lion worth of handling equipment
and the services of a customs officer
on the spot. Sea Cargo recently or-

60

dered another $500 000 of replace- |

ment equipment and is currently
streamlining all aspects of the
depot’s operations. This will include
diversification into the handling of
containerised cargoes of tobacco,
tea, groundnuts and cotton exports.

“Transit
kept to a minimum. We guarantee
to load containers around the clock
when railwagons are available from
‘Tazara. Container facilities at the
port are being developed and the
port redevelopment scheme, backed
by international and multilateral
finance, is progressing”, Mr
Barlow said.

through the port is ;

i

The railway system works’well, ;
he said, but is under severe res- :

traints, and pressure is bound to
build up in the advent of increased
traffic from Zambia, Zimbabwe and
Malawi. ‘For these reasons we are
actively investigating the use of
trucking services to cor the
services already provided by
Tazara”.

In view of “the uncertainty of the
southern route for Zimbabwean im-
port and export cargo””, Mr Barlow
said, Sea Cargo is “‘pioneering a
new service to key destinations in
this country”, and the Kurasini
depot’s facilities will enhance the ef
ficiency and competitiveness of this
service.



ANGOLA

KUITO EXPERIENCING TRANSPORTATION, EQUIPMENT SHORTAGE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Aug 86 p 3

[Text] Kuito--ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency] learned from an official source
that the indexes on agricultural-livestock in Bie Province have declined
considerably during the past 3 years, showing relatively low levels.

In fact, the indicators on agricultural-livestock production in Bie note the
lack of significant progress during this period, despite the effort of the
provincial authorities aimed at revitalizing production in the potentially
prominent. areas, and redoubling the peasants' participation in the peasant
cooperatives and associations.

The current status of the agricultural sector in the province is marked by
various difficulties of a material nature, such as the shortage of transportation
facilities, and the late reception of fertilizer, which have caused failure to
fulfill the production plans and programs.

Statistical data on the aforementioned sector disclose that, during the past 3
years, the fulfillment of the production programs and plans devised has not
exceeded 40 percent: in the areas of largest. output. The number of animals of
the cattle and hog species dropped over 50 percent, and the monitoring of
activity in the peasant cooperatives and associations was inefficient.

A total of 36 out of the 44 tractors received are broken down, and their recove-
ry is being hampered by the lack of accessories and spare parts. This situation
is compounded by the meager supply of fuel and lubricants, the quantities of
which have been inadequate for making the small amount of agricultural equipment
operational over the medium term.

The provincial authorites are engaged in a genuine campaign for structural
improvement of the agricultural sector, aimed. essentially.at a radical change
in its operation, with a view toward ensuring the effective discharge of the
major role that it plays in the national economic context.

New Intermediate-Level Health Technicians Trained
During the academic year 1985-86, nearly 40 individuals successfully completed

the intermediate-level health course at the Comandante Bula Intermediate Insti-
tute.

17



LIBERIA

ISRAELI COOPERATION SEEN INCREASING
Agricultural College Assistance
AB081909 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 1710 GMT 8 Oct 86

[Excerpts] The Israeli ambassador accredited to this capital, (His Excel-
lency Aria Isthfam), on last Monday, paid a courtesy call on the dean of the
College of Agriculture and Forestry, Dr G. Bismark Reeds at his (Fendel) of-
fice and pledged his country's support to the University of Liberia College
of Agriculture and Forestry and assistance to provide for implementation for
the green revolution recently launched by government. The ambassador and Dr
Reeds discussed the need for providing training possibilities for the staff
of the College of Agriculture and Forestry in Israel among other things.

In his remarks, the ambassador promised that Israel would send an expert in
vegetable production who will assist the college in its efforts to improve
the existing varieties at the university farm. Before departing, (Ambassador
Isthfam) expressed appreciation to Dr Reeds for the warm welcome extended him
and his entourage and assured him that a collaborated assistance would exist
between the University of Liberia and the State of Israel so as to concretize
the already cordial relations existing between the State of Israel and
Liberia.

Medical Project Likely
AB080930 Monrovia Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 7 Oct 86

[Text] The Israeli ambassador to Liberia (Aria Isthfam), has hinted his
government's intention to undertake another medical project in the country.
The new project, which will be geared toward preventing many illnesses among
Liberian children, will form part of an agreement with Liberia.

According to presidential commentator (Francis Duwana), this was disclosed
today when Ambassador (Isthfam) paid a courtesy call on the Deputy Minister
of State for Administration, Yancy Peters Flah, at the Executive Mansion.
Ambassador (Isthfam) recalled the success of project [word indistinct] which
provides eye treatment for many Liberians, and said his government is proud
of the role played by Liberian doctors. He disclosed that the first agro
specialist will arrive in Liberia in November this year to provide expert
services at the Central Agriculture Research Institute, CARI, in Bong County.

34



diet of the country. LIAT is to hold 40% of the
shares in FOREX, SUMATU will hold 35%, and
25% will be held by the government. Initial capital
of about $5 million is to be advanced by LIAT and
SUMATU. The government will contribute the NTC
building. In a memorandum to the government sig-
ned by M.K. Suma and Gerd Zerhussen, the manag-
ing director of LIAT, it is stated that FOREX
will ‘ensure a regular supply of essential and other
commodities in quantities sufficient. . .to end shor-
tages.’ The same document also promises to end the
flow of foreign exchange onto the black market -
previously a pervasive and destructive feature of
many Lebanese business deals. In return, LIAT and
Suma are asking the government to grant FOREX
the following facilities:

@ control of the duty free shop at Lungi, Free-
town’s airport.

@ unrestricted import licences.

@ export licences for unnamed commodities.

@ total retention of all foreign currency earned.

@ a five-year tax concession.

Diamonds

If, as our sources suggest, the South African state
has a disguised interest in LIAT, examination of
these conditions reveals a likely motive. If LIAT is
granted its demands, it will be most useful as a
sanctions-busting outfit. It will be able to import
South African goods into Sierra Leone, re-label
them, and export them as Sierra Leonean produce.
This would be particularly relevant to the diamond
market since both South Africa and Sierra Leone
are diamond exporters. LIAT would be able to keep
all the foreign exchange it earns thereby without
paying any tax. The pro-LIAT lobby in Sierra
Leone’s government is pressing for adoption of this
plan. The LIAT/Suma memorandum goes on to
urge ‘Government’s immediate agreement to these
proposals so that the FOREX company could take
off in the next few months.’

In the context of FOREX being used as a possible
sanctions loophole for trade in diamonds and gold,
it is notable that De Beers is rumoured to have some
interest in LIAT. There is some evidence to support
this contention given that LIAT is sponsoring a
delegation of Sierra Leoneans including minister of
mines Birch Conteh on a visit to the headquarters
of its parent company in Bophuthatswana. It is not
clear whether the visit will be official or not. How-
ever we believe that LIAT is arranging to entertain
Conteh’s delegation in Sun City, the tourist capital of

54



BENGO COFFEE HARVEST FIGURES--CAXITO--Joaquim Pereira Figueiredo, manager of
the Nambuangongo I State Enterprise, reported to ANGOP that 295 metric tons of
coffee have been harvested at the enterprise since the harvest officially be-
gan. He said that this figure, which is half the amount planned, was achieved
in a way that indicates that the enterprise is well organized. The Nambuangongo
I State Enterprise employs 778 workers and has first-aid stations at every lo-
cation, all of which are used not only by the workers, but also by the people
from the surrounding area. In addition, Figueiredo believes that the frequent
assistance and inspection visits to Nambuangongo I by Jacinto Jose Antonio are
positive. Antonio, an alternate member of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Commit-
tee, is the national political manager for Mozambican companies. [Text]
{Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 16 Aug 86 p 12] 8844

OFFICIAL VISITS LUENA, MOXICO--LUENA--Jaime Baptista Donge, Moxico provincial
commissar and member of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, recently made
working visits to Lumbala-Kaquengue Commune and the village of Karipande (city
of Alto-Zambeze) to implement the program of the Party's Provincial Committee.
Donge, who headed a mixed party/government delegation, met with the people to
hear the main problems facing them. In Karipande, the Moxico provincial com-
missar and his delegation also had contacts with the people and members of the
Security and Armed Forces stationed in the area, and then visited the city of-
fices (Cazombo) to hold a meeting with the Party's Municipal Executive Commis-
sion on restoring the people's life to normal. The Party leader called on the
people to increase agricultural production to cope with the hard times the
country is going through because of the war fomented by imperialism. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 16 Aug 86 p 12] 8844

NICARAGUAN DELEGATION VISITS--Yesterday morning a delegation from the Sandinist
luis Afonso Velasquez Flores Pioneers Organization arrived in Luanda to take
part in the Sixth International Pioneers Camp. The delegation, consisting of
four Pioneers, is headed by "Guide" Luis Manuel Aguilar Bastos. The Nicaraguan
Pioneers traveled. to Luanda with the assistant cultural attache from the Ango-
lan Embassy in Havana, Tany Narciso, and the Angolan teacher, Tereza Guerra
Cardoso. Upon its arrival the delegation of Sandinist Pioneers was greeted at
the airport by the Angolan ambasador to Cuba, Manuel Pedro Pacavira, a member
of the MPLA-Labor Party's Central Committee, and by officials from the JMPLA
[Youth of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola]-Party Youth, and
the Agustinho Neto Pioneers Organization. [Excerpt] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA
in Portuguese 21 Aug 86 p 3] 2909

FOREIGN WORKERS' HOUSING COMPLETED--A residential complex in Futungo de Belas
for the foreign employees of the Angolan Oilfield Service Company (ESPA) was
officially opened Saturday in a ceremony attended by Jonhy Pinock Eduardo, the
company's manager, and invited guests from other oil companies. With a total
area of 3,500 square meters and a budgeted cost of US$2,000,100, the complex
has 20 residences, a school and a social center. The project was built by As-
taldi International, an Italian construction firm, and financed by Bloc 4
Operators Group. In his inaugural speech, the ESPA manager said that a super-
market and a dining hall will be opened shortly for the convenience of the
company's Angolan employees. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
19 Aug 86 p 3] 8844

20



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK LEADER DISCUSSES CONCEPT, IMPLICATIONS OF ‘PEOPLE'S POWER*

Cape Town LEADERSHIP in English Vol 5 1986 No 4 pp 84, 86, 88, 90, 92

[Interview with NEW NATION Editor Zwelakhe Sisulu by Riaan de Villiers; date

and place not given]

{Text]

Fwwelakhe Sisulu (35) is one of South \rica’s
leading journalists. He is theson of Walter Sisulu
(75), former secretary-general of the ANG, who
was sentenced to life imprisonment in the Rivonia
trial with Nelson Mandela and is still being held
with him in Pollsmoor prison.

His mother, Albertina Sisulu, one of three life
presidents of the CDE, was under house arrest for
18 years until 1983. She has been detained seceral
times since then and has been convicted of furthering
the aims of the ANC. An appeal against a sentence
of four years’ imprisonment, reo suspended, is still
pending. She was also one of the accused in the
treason trial in Pietermaritzburg in whith charges
were quashed.

Despite this, Sisulu describes her as the person
who really managed to keep the family together”

Sisulu was born in Johannesburg and was
educated there and in Swaziland. He joined
SAAN’s cadet course in 1975 and worked as a
reporter at the Rand Datly Mail, the Eastern
Province Herald and the Sunday Express. He
was then appointed as news editor of one of the

Urwus group's black papers, Sunday Post.

During this period he rose to a leading position
in trade unions for black journalists.

slr the end of 1980, the Media Workers’ Associ-
ation of South Africa (MWASA), with Sisulu as
president, went on strike at several papers in sup-
port of a demand for recognition by newspaper
managements. Suniday Post was closed and Sisulu
and several colleagues were served with three year
banning orders

From July 1981 he was detained for eight
months in terms of Section 6 of the Terrorism Act.
He was kept in solitary confinement throughout this
period.

Vier the expiry of his banning order he joined the
Sowetan — the successor to Post — as political re-

87

porter. In 1984 he was awarded the prestigious
‘Viemann Fellowship for journalists and studied
fora year at Harvard University. Following his,
return he accepted an appointment as editor of
New Nation, a new newspaper published by the
Catholic Bishops’ Conference.

This is an amalgam of two interviews con-
ducted with Sisulu by Riaan de Villiers, a
Leadership contributing editor. A shorter version
appeared before the State of of F:mergency was
declared in Die Suid-Afrikaan. Sisulu was de-
tained in terms of the new emergency regulations,
butiwas later released.

De Villiers: What is your brief from the
Catholic Bishops’ Conference?

Sisulu: My brief is to produce a newspaper
which will reflect the daily struggles of the
people.

Taccepted the position because I believed
the newspaper was going to produce the kind
of journalism which is needed in this country.
sked for, and was given, complete
editorial freedom. I decide what goes into the
paper, and how. At the same time, I do not
believe this is how one should run a paper.
‘The type of structures that exist in the ma:
media will not meet the need of a changing
South Africa and consequently of a changing
media. We are accordingly in the process of
trying to set up our own democratic structures
within the paper.

We have a curious type of newsgathering
network. We have few full-time reporters
We work closely with various trade unions,
community organisations and youth organi-
sations, and much of our news is provided by



19274
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3400/153

Windhoek were badly da-
‘imaged by a fire, and the
Council reported other
incidents where burglars.
have allegedly rifled fil-
ing cabinets loking for:
CCN documents. Some
years ago, some church
properties in Northern
Namibia were damaged
in mystery expldsions. . ;

The CCN has been ac-
cused-by the Government
of being blatantly pro-
Swapo, and indeed, some
of its office bearers are!
also officials of Swapo. |

While the Council is:
vocal about alleged
chuman__rights. abuses.
committed by security
forces, it has also been
accused of turning a
blind eye to claims of
atrocities and brutalties
committed in Swapo
camps in Angola and
Zambia.

Since the installation
of the MPC Government
in. June last year, the.
churches and the CCN
have adopted a higher
profile in criticising the
status quo.

ATTEMPT

Many within the CCN
feared that the new Gov-
ernment — composed of
six local political groups
and in which Swapo had
refused to participate —
was an attempt by Pre-
toria to bypass Resolu-
tion 435 and declare UDI
for the territory.

Under the auspices of
the CCN, Namibia’s often
fractious internal “oppo-
sition” politicians met in
April this year at the Ai-
Gams Pastoral Centre of
the Catholic Church in
Windhoek. An unusual
spirit of co-operation be-
tween these groups was
translated at the close of ‘
the conference into a dec-
laration pledging united
action in support of the
UN plan.

In June, church groups
and local opposition poli-

ticians ‘further ““demon-"
strated their new-found”
unity’ in a procession
through Windhoek’s
townships to commemo- .
rate the Catholic feast of
Corpus Christi. __._.4

Preaching at the ser-
vice after the march,
Vice-Bishop  Zephania
Kameeta of the Evangeli-
cal Lutheran Church told
Namibians that their “via
dolorosa” — the way of
suffering — had come,
just as it had come for
Jesus Christ.

He told his: attentive
audience: “Either you are
on the side of those who
are proclaiming the pres-

-ent. situation of racism

and oppression, or on the
side - of those’ who,
through the body of
Christ and his Gospel, are
breaking down the walls
of-slavery and separation
and are on their way to
liberation”.

At a Swapo rally in
July, Bishop Kameeta led
the masses in a prayer
for the downfall of the
MPC Government.

Earlier this month, the
CCN leaders launched
another attack on the au-
thorites, with a legal
challenge of the eight-
year-old curfew in the
Owambo war zone.

Bishop Hausiku, _ to-
gether with . Anglican
Bishop. James Kauluma
arid Evangelical Luther-
an Bishop Kleopas .Du-
meni, submitted argu-
ments to the Supreme
Court in Windhoek claim-
ing the curfew ‘regula-
tions were violations of
the MPC’s own Bill of
Fundamental Rights.

According to an affida-
vit filed by Bishop Kaulu-
ma, the curfew violated
the Bill’s guarantees. to
freedom of _ religion,
movement and associa-
tion. The restrictions
disrupted normal family
life and worship, ‘the
Bishop testified.

41


this outdated system of Apartheid wear the same garment of insecurity
everywhere they are, for Umkhonto We Sizwe is everywhere.

Once more, we make our clarion call to those servants of the racist regime
that even at this late hour they must take their historical place among the
masses of the people. They should turn their murderous guns against their
commanders and masters. The future of South Africa belongs to the people of
which they must be part tomorrow. Let us unite in action and act in unity in
our constant attacks and advance with (?hearts) and one voice saying: An eye
for an eye, a tooth for a tooth; every patriot a combatant, every combatant a
patriot.

/12913
cso: 3400/163

82



NKALA PRAISES POLICE SUCCESSES AGAINST CRIMINAL RINGS

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

THE Minister of Home
Affairs, Cde Enos Nka-
Is, has commended the
police for their discé-
pline and efficiency
that hag led to their
recent
busting criminal rings
at an unrivalled rate
since independence.

“Thig is how it should
be,” Cde Nkala,, under
-whose ministry the police
faly; told The Herald in
an interview.

“The police have been
superb and I want to
seompliment . them, The
ases they have been un-
earthing show . they are
a well organised commu-
inity of investigators. I
zm very happy about
‘hat and I encourage
them to go on,” he said.

‘The commissioner of
‘police was working hard

19274

cso: 3400/176

successes in’

t6 motivate his men and
‘some of the seniors were
directing their attention

to effectiveness, efficiency
‘and better performance.
He said: “They: no

Quoting. examples of
police — successes, le
Nkala said his men had

put paid to the rampant
cross - border smuggling
and car thefts by mem-
bers of a religious sect
that had caused him and
the nation great concern

transgressing the law.
‘The operation against

car thieves was continu-

ing, he said.
‘the minister told how,

on Monday morning, his
house guards saw some-

3 acenes, “We
hhave been catching quite
jg number of mandrax
‘smugglers quietly. And
there is this recent case
of mbanje in Harare. We

‘broken the

have
international ring.”
Asked to state when
Zimbabwe would start
vetting South African re-
turnees, the minister said
‘thig had been going on
for a long time. .
A committee would soon
‘formed consisting of
several ministries, depart-
ments and the Reserve

59

ZIMBABWE

“Those’ who went out
because they, felt they
were unsafe and a0w
think they are safe should
pring ‘back the. assets
they took from this:
country; if they don’t
then I don’t think we
need them. ‘

“Some of those. return-

¢rom Zimbabweans but if |
are in the critical
skills sphere there is no
problem:.”” :


SOUTH AFRICA

CHIEF BUTHELEZI CHALLENGES SACC SUPPORT
MB101126 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1118 GMT 10 Oct 86
[Issued by Chief Minister Office, Ulundi--embargoed until 0930 GMT 11 Oct 86]

[Excerpts] Ulundi, Saturday 11 October--Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi today
called on South African Christian women to challenge those SACC [South African
Council of Churches] affiliated churches over the SA Council of Churches
"callousness" regarding violence against blacks.

He also warned that certain organisations which had pressed for sanctions
would try to grab for their own political purposes those funds which the West
intended providing for humanitarian aid to black victims of sanctions.

Chief Buthelezi was addressing a rally of thousands of delegates from all
provinces who started gathering here yesterday for the biggest rally of the
Inkatha Womens Brigade in the black national cultural liberation movements
history.

He presented evidence of how the SACC had urged European churches to admit ANC
representatives to their oganisations and to encourage the ANC and what church
leaders called the "closely related" UDF. This was despite official ANC
support for necklacing enunciated by the pro-violence organisations general
secretary, Mr Alfred Nzo, who (in an interview with the London SUNDAY TIMES
last month) specifically approved this practice.

It was strange, he said, that SACC churches on the one hand encouraged the
escalation of black poverty by supporting sanctions and on the other hand
expected people to contribute towards church funds. If they and their
husbands, brothers and sons could not get jobs, where did the churches expect
them to get money for offerings and tithes, he asked.

A great responsibility rested on Christian women to challenge their churches
on these matters, the Kwa Zulu chief minister and Inkatha president said.

Chief Buthelezi said that Inkatha was under no illusions. It knew that no

black organisation could ever make up for the deficiencies of the “terrible
failure” of the government.

83



Propaganda of the National Villagization Coordinating Committee had observed
the progress of the villagization programme and assessed the process after
discussion with pertinent comrades. The members of the team at the end of
their evaluation tour noted with satisfaction that the implementation of

the programme within such a short period of time in the region is a com-
mendable achievement and exemplary to other regions. [Text][Addis Ababa

THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Sep 86 p 1]/12828

ECONOMIC AGREEMENT WITH FINLAND--Revolutionary Ethiopia and the Republic

of Finland yesterday signed an economic cooperation agreement for the period
between 1988 to 1990. The agreement signed at the National Committee for
Central Planning (NCCP) encompasses such areas like agriculture, light

and power, education, water development, construction and maritime transport.
The agreement was signed by Comrade Seyoum Alemayehu, Head of the Foreign
Economic Relations Department of the NCCP, and Mr. David Johanson, Deputy
Director of the Co-operation Development Department of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs of Finland. According to the 1984 join agreement the
Republic of Finland has given Ethiopia aid for such fields like milk resources
development, electricity, education, water development and road construction
which totalled 41,800,000 birr in 1984, and 21 million birr in 1985, It

is also expected that the country's aid allocation will be around 30

million birr for 1986/87. [Text][Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English
1 Oct 86 p 1]/12828

CSO: 3400/204

28



the MPLA. In 1984, a declaration from the UNITA Central Committee on the sit-
uation in southern Africa stated:

"UNITA struggles for real national reconciliation through the formation of a
government of national unity, which would have to take into consideration all
the genuine political sentiments in the country."

Also in 1984, a letter sent by the UNITA leaders to the African chiefs of
state reiterated the movement's willingness to negotiate an end to the war
which was costing so many Angolan lives. Finally, in October 1985, UNITA
President Savimbi sent a letter to the UN secretary general, requesting assis-
tance in ending the war in Angola.

UNITA's quest for unity is the result of its deep and realistic understanding
of the history and society of Angola.

The Angolans, like the peoples of Africa and other countries of the world, have
different points of view on various issues, viewpoints which must be incor-
porated in a government of national unity. As has been demonstrated, UNITA's
efforts on behalf of national reconciliation date from the beginning of the
struggle for independence and they have been exhaustive efforts.

6362
CS0: 3442/15



ABDUCTION, MURDER, RAPE CHARGES RAISED AGAINST SWAPO

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Oct 86 p 22

[Article by Andreas Z. Shipanga]

[Text]

OPEN LETTER TO
PROFESSOR CHRISTO LOMBARD

l.appreciate your open response to my
(first) open letter to you, and welcome the
opportunity of responding. Unlike you, I am
not uneasy about the public character of this
exchange, being indeed of the opinion that
debate.on important questions is often more
useful when subject to public. scrutiny. I
heartily concur with the suggestion that open
communication, openness to each other and
to the truth, is part of the Christian way of
life. Please accept my comments in that

spirit.

May I note firstly that I am pleased to see
that your suggestion that SWAPO ought to
clarify the human rights issue brought for-
ward by the Parents’ Committee, has finally
found its way into print. As it is a matter of
such importance, I should have expected to
have seen.a letter from you to the editor in
the next issue of the Namibian expressing
concern at its omission from the first article,
and an appropriate explanation about the
printer’s devil and an apology from Ms
Lister. Perhaps you were intending to get
around to it later and were simply overtaken
by the publication of my letter to you.

1 am also concerned by the solicitous tone
you have adopted throughout your letter for
SWAPO’s welfare. You were amazed that
the movement did not go further to develop
itself as a party with the kind of political pro-
gramme which we could discuss with the
leadership so openly. Being impressed by the
depth of experience and leadership in the
higher SWAPO ranks, you have to ask (the)
question ... Is the SWAPO leadership not too
much of an elitist character? Acknowledging
SWAPO’s overwhelming grass roots sup-
port..., you wonder whether the SWAPO
leadership can really keep up grass roots con-
tact with the suffering people, also those af-
fected directly through the war. Admitting

NAMIBIA

- apparently with some embarrassment - to a +

personal hang-up about violence - a condi-
tion which I should have hoped was:rather
common among civilised humans, ‘not to
mention theologians - you ask if the internal
SWAPO offensive (has) not already failed in
accompanying the armed struggle with
responsible non-violent. campaigns and ac-
tions - protests without which the comrades
up north may very well keep on dying for in
vain for quite some time.

These are proper questions for revolu-
tionary strategists to consider, and it is even
possible that Mr Nujoma will be grateful to
you for raising them. I am sure that on recon-
sideration, however, you will understand that
your concern for SWAPO’s success and your
far less sympathetic treatment of the Transi-
tional Government, does violence to your
protests about objectivity. Nothing-in your
letter gives me pause about my original
assessment of your sympathies. Your par-
tisan treatment of the questions you address
defines you as a spokesman, and no amount
of sophistry will succeed in disguising that.

You are, of course, entitled to your views.
I thought at first that you had been duped
and were in fact well-meaning. I was surpris-
ed that you were so outspokenly supportive
of Mr Nujoma’s coterie, after such a brief ex-
posure, and attributed it to naiveté. I should
like to believe the same of you now, but your
response - which avoids the points made in
my letter to you - makes that more difficult.
Let us however try again, in the spirit of
Christian charity to which Jesus enjoins us.

ON THE QUESTION OF ABDUCTION,
TORTURE, MURDER AND RAPE
BY SWAPO

If these allegations disturb you - as I
should hope they do - why on earth have you
not taken the trouble to investigate them?
Are the members of the Parents’ Committee
not part of the common humanity to whom,
and to the truth of whose words, one should

43


In 1969, a special letter was sent to the president of Zaire, suggesting what
could be done to create a united democratic front of the Angolan liberation
movements. On 10 June 1970, another letter was sent to the People's Republic
of the Congo, through its ambassador in Cairo. The letter, signed by three
members of the UNITA Central Committee, asked the then vice president of
Congo-Brazzaville to offer the Angolan liberation movements his good offices,
looking to contacts as an initial phase of the formation of a front. The
letter was never answered.

In addition, at the summit meeting of the Nonaligned Movement, in Lusaka in
1970, the UNITA delegation met with several African delegations to discuss
the question of unity.

During the war, memoranda and letters:were sent annually to the secretary gen-
eral of the Organization of African. Unity (oau], and other memoranda éncour—
aging unity were sent to the presidents of various African countries. UNITA
then announced that it wanted to join with the FNLA-MPLA alliance of June 1972,
put it received no reply. Other initiatives toward unification continued until
the end of the Portuguese colonial period.

Unfortunately, many of the UNITA initiatives were unjustifiably considered by
the other Angolan movements to be a sign of weakness,

After the 1974 military coup in Portugal, UNITA initiated efforts to build a
unitarian platform among the three liberation movements, the better to nego~-
tiate with the Portuguese Government for the transfer of power. These efforts
led the president of UNITA to travel to the capitals of several countries,
where he obtained the support of African chiefs of state in the search for
Angolan unity. The result was the signing-of the Mombaca Accord, in December
1974, by the leaders of the UNITA, the FNLA and the MPLA.

Following this accord, the liberation movements joined in drafting the his-
toric Alvor Accord, in January 1975, which created the tripartite Transition
Government to administer Angola until elections could be held, scheduled for
October 1975. The date fixed for Angolan independence was 11 November 1975.

After the Transition Government was installed, the old hostilities began
again. Following the initial encounter between the MPLA and the FNLA in the
streets of Luanda and other cities, between March and July 1975 the UNITA
served continuously as mediator in an attempt to preserve the coalition gov-
vernment and to keep the principle of national unity alive. The UNITA assumed
the role of peace maker, suggesting and organizing a reconciliation meeting
in Nakuru, Kenya, in June 1975.

Unfortunately, there was neither a reconciliation nor elections. Soviet-
Cuban intervention led to the illegal installation of the MPLA in power, com-
pletely destroying the Alvor Accords. Angola fell under foreign domination
and the armed confrontations began to divide the nation.

In the Fifth UNITA Congress, in 1982, the delegates reiterated the movements’
preparedness to negotiate an end to the armed conflicts between the UNITA and



TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT TO PRESSURE RSA FOR ELECTIONS

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 12 Sep

THE TRANSITIONAL Government is to
try and pressure South Africa into permit-
ting an internationally-supervised election

[Text]

19274
cso:

in Namibia — probably late next,year... - ‘oNam"
woe ©" Of its’sticky-starting blocks,

National Education
Minister and current
Cabinet chairman, Mr
Andrew Matjila, said the
TG did not wish to hold

the proposed election un-;

der the watchful eye of a
United Nations monitor-
ing force, but rather un-
der the auspices of the
Western Contact group
of Britain, France, Ger-
many and Canada.

Briefing journalists in
Windhoek earlier. this week,
Mr Matjila specifically exclud-
ed'the United States from the
group of supervisors — proba-
bly because of a general feeling,
that a US presence would af-
fect the outcome of an
election.

But the same applied to a
United Nations assistance
group.

Mr Matjila stated bluntly
that Swapo would win a UN-
supervised election because
“the population would be told
that UN troops are Sam Nujo-
ma’s troops”.

Health and Welfare Minister

Moses Katjiuongua confirmed.

this morning that a delegation
of Cabinet Ministers would
travel to South Africa soon to
discuss the Namibian situation

3400/153

with SA State President P W
Botha. °
It’s believed that this will
happen within the next month.
-Unwilling to confirm this,
Mr Katjiuongua said the main
focus of the talks in the Repub-
lic would.be the discussion of
the “post-August | situation”.
Six weeks ago, the deadline
passed for Mr Botha’s offer to
implement United Nations
Security Council Resolution
435 if Angoia repatriated the

estimated 30000 Cuban |

37

86 pp 1, 3

troops it has drafted into its i
fight against Unita rebels. i
The latest TG initiative is an
attempt to at least get the chase
to Namibian independence out

. TheTGalso has only till next
June to fulfill: its South Afri-
can mandate ‘to administer
Namibia while: finality was
reached on what the people of
the. country: want for the
future,

Mr Katjiuongua reiterated
the TG’s view that ‘435 is dead’,
adding thatif a Namibian con-
stitution is completed soon, it
could serve as the basis of a
continued government of the
country until the final recipe
for an international settlement

" is drawn up:

Mr Matjila added -at the
briefing that the TG wished to
form its: own Department of
Foreign Affairs to barter inter-
nationally for independence.

He said he was impatient
with the South African depart-
ment as it had made little
progress on the issue.

NAMIBIA


ANGOLA

HO CHI MINH INSTITUTE TRAINS TECHNICIANS DESPITE DIFFICULTIES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 Aug 86 p 3

[Excerpts] HUAMBO--Since 1979, 145 technicians will have been trained at the
Ho Chi Minh Industrial Training Institute in civil and industrial construction,
metalworking, welding technology, agricultural implements and automotive me-
chanics by the end of the 1985-1986 school year, said Manuel Eugenio, the
school's director, in an interview with JORNAL DE ANGOLA.

The main purpose of the institute, which has been in existence since 20 Septem-
ber, 1979, is to train professionals for the fields of teaching and technology.
The students begin teaching production in their workplaces during the second
semester of the first year. In the last year, students must go through a two-
part program: the first part deals with teaching and the second part deals with
the students' major and takes place on the job.

The director added, however, that the Institute's scientific teaching philoso-
phy that should be a part of the students' education is not being taught at the
moment because of a shortage of Angolan teachers on the faculty, the majority
of whom is foreign. This has forced the institute's administration to set up
commissions to verify programs and teachers' competence,

The institute is experiencing a number of difficulties which are hindering nor-
mal functions to some extent. There is a shortage of textbooks, reference
manuals, and construction materials for production classrooms, such as brick
and cement.

The institute's faculty consists of seventy teachers in the various fields of
study: 30 Soviet specialists, 4 Bulgarians and a Congolese in addition to a
total of 28 Angolan teachers, 5 of whom are trainees and 2 of whom are aides.
The most promising students about to graduate have been approved to join the
faculty.

Finally, to speak of something other than problems, the institute is receiving
assistance from some provincial government entities: SONANGOL is providing fuel
to run the institute's machines.

8844
CSO: 442/11

16



He also encouraged Party members to direct their efforts accordingly against
the enemy's schemings and work efficiently to assist the city meaningfully in
the economic battle the country is waging.

Graduation ceremonies at the 17th of September CIP were attended by members of
the Party's Municipal Committee and Joao Kanguelenga, the Provincial Commis-
sion's control and inspection coordinator. It will be remembered that Roberto
de Almeida, Central Committee secretary for ideology, inaugurated the center
during the second national political song festival held in Cubal.

Soviet Internationalists visit Sugar Cane Plantation

A group of 27 Soviet internationalists, headed by the consul general in Bengue~
la Province, visited the 1 May Sugar Mill in Catumbela Commune last weekend.

Antonio Francisco de Assis, the enterprise's general manager, gave the visi-
tors detailed explanations of the production unit's operations and difficul-
ties.

The purpose of the visit was to further solidarity with the Soviet people in
the struggle to improve the Angolan economy and strengthen the existing friend-
ship and cooperation between the two peoples and the two Parties.

8844
CSO: 3442/12

11


Inkatha Official Says Blacks Will Dismantle Apartheid
(SAPA, 8 Oct 86) cesceceeeerermeseeseeesecererreeneeneeenes

Boesak To Investigate Discrimination in Capital Punishment
(CITY PRESS, 28 Sep 1.) ee ie

Black Leader Discusses Concept, Implications of ‘People's Power'
(Zwelakhe Sisula Interview; LEADERSHIP, No 4, 1986) ...-+--

Cosatu Condemns New ID, Continued Influx Control
(Mono Badela; CITY PRESS, 28 Sep 86) ceeseceeceseeeecereres

NAFCOC Chairman on Black Business, ANC, Moderates
(Motsuenyane Interview; LEADERSHIP, No 4, 1986) ..

Macham's Pace College Beset by Problems
(SAPA, 9 Oct 86) cereereecerecerrsccrereseeseeree®

SABTA Challenges DTA for Passengers
(THE CITIZEN, 3 Oct 86) -esseeeeeeeeeeeeee

TBVC Ministers Discuss Trade, Cooperation Issues
(SAPA, 8 Oct 86) ...-- Seececcceseccceseses

Briefs
UDF Criticizes Government
Nyanga's First Policy Station
One Million I.D.'s Issued
Kangwane To Get Land

ECONOMIC

CSS: Cost of Nation's Public Service Soars
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 2 Oct 86) cicccreseeceeeceers

Priority Given to Farming Land in West Cape Plan
(Frans Esterhuyse; THE ARGUS, 25 Sep 86) .-.-eeee

New Natal Highway Predicted To Bring Development Boom
(THE DAILY NEWS, 25 Sep 86) --secereeeeres

Steel Scrap, Waste Beat Japan Sanctions
(Hamish McIndoe; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Sep 86) ..

/7310

85

86

87

96

102

104

105

106

106

106

106

108

109

110

111


Cabinet concerning land matters, said that the South African Government and
the government of Kangwane had both agreed that the land was to be used for
agricultural purposes, to be developed to its full potential. [Text
{Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 7 Oct 86 MB] /12913

cso: 3400/163

107



the country. However, not one of these warnings was heeded, and the
government has recklessly plunged forward on the path it has chosen. ‘The
result was the situation in which the NP now finds itself: its supporters are
deserting it by the thousands. At the same time, foreign pressure on the
country has reached an unprecedented high point. There is of course no
question of a constitutional formula between the government and blacks, in
spite of all the pretentious names for proposed bodies and systems.

The question that must be asked of Durban is: have Mr Botha and his colleagues
learned from this bitter experience? If one looks at Mr Botha's speech, the
answer can be none other than in the negative. The government and its
advisers are still reading and interpreting politics wrongly, with certain
serious consequences for itself and eventually of course also for South
Africa. Obviously the most serious mistake that Mr Botha and his party are
committing is grossly underestimating the rightist opposition to the
government. Mr Botha and his people are seemingly blissfully unaware, for
example, of the great aversion among rightists to the constant visits of
foreign meddlers to South Africa; that is why they are again making an offer
for discussions with the West. And that is why they are persevering with
intentions to continue "reform." If the president had estimated the extent of
rightist opposition as he should have, he would have given a much more
vigorous speech.

The government has apparently also entirely lost perspective on black
politics, if Mr Botha's speech should be regarded as a yardstick. Probably
one of the most surprising statements by Mr Botha was that about city states
for blacks. What would now suddenly inspire blacks to enter into an
arrangement of town councils after numerous black town councils have already
ceased to exist -- and after the government has for months already been
unsuccessfully trying to get black volunteers to come forward for the National
Council? The government does simply just not want to understand that black
politics is dominated by radical groups and that the appetite of these groups
for political power has already been roused to a feverish pitch by the policy
of concessions. To now offer these people city states as a political solution
leaves the impression that understanding of reality has been lost.

Mr Botha also failed to explain to his audience how democracy is expanded and
the security of groups extended at the same time. In practice that would mean
that blacks are involved in the political system, but that white schools and
residential neighborhoods are maintained. Have not the Coloreds already given
the government an ultimatum on this? What blacks with any credibility would
take part in such a system?

Nothing need be said about Mr Botha's appeal to foreign countries to recognize
the TBVC countries. That was probably meant for internal political
consumption. The president's speech underlined that the government is clearly
no longer dealing with the country's problems in a realistic way. It is
losing step with the hard political realities of our time. Such a party can
naturally not give any real leadership; it is simply leading the country
around in a maze of pseudo-solutions based on confused thinking. If this
situation is allowed to continue much longer, all of South Africa may pay a
very high price.

66



EDUCATION PLANNING SESSION--MENONGUE--The 56th regular session of the Advisory
Council to the Ministry of Education held here recommended several measures for
improving education in the People's Republic of Angola. The council considered
the session, which ran from the fourth to the seventh of this month, important
for educational progress in the province inasmuch as it better defined material
to be taught and raised the scientific and cultural level of the people in
general, especially the workers. The more important conclusions read at the
close of the session included those calling for retaining cadres in the pro-
vince, especially teachers, to ensure a base for the socioeconomic development
of the province. A recommendation was also made to formulate an overall plan
for promoting education and teaching in the province within the framework of
the province's socioeconomic development plan in order to overcome the large
number of problems now being experienced in these areas. The Advisory Council
recommended the return of the teachers from Kuchi, who had been sent to Huila
and Namibe provinces because of the drought in that area for the last two years
to provide teaching staff for the 1986-1987 school year, depending on coopera-
tion from party and government agencies in those provinces. In discussing the
report on the implementation of the Ministry of Education's plan of action
during the first semester, the council emphasized standardizing the format of
the sectorial reports to take into consideration the reasons for failure to
implement the measures planned, so that an objective understanding may be
gained of the factors hindering or preventing effective implementation. Report
guidelines are to be submitted to the Ministry of Education's Planning Office
within 2 weeks. In closing the session, Education Minister Augusto Lopes Tei-
xeira, a member of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, said that the war is
affecting not only the educational sector, but also socioeconomic development
as a whole, as well as public order and peace, which is so necessary for the
country in general and especially for the people of this province. [Excerpts]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Aug 86 p 3) 8844

cs0: 3442/11

21



television. Whereas UNITA makes a great effort to bring Western journalists
into the liberated areas of Angola, the Cubans do not allow the print medium
or television to report the atrocities committed in the areas under their
control.

Democratic Guerrillas and Marxists

As against these important advantages of the Soviet and Cuban colonialists, the
anticommunist freedom fighters have some advantages on their side. The first
of these is their religious faith and the folk institutions of their country.

Marxism-Leninism is atheistic and materialistic. — By definition, it attempts to
crush religious faith and the Communist governments demand a monopoly on the
loyalty of the people. However, in deeply religious countries such as Afghan-
istan, Nicaragua and Angola, the suppression of religion had an opposite effect
and intensified the opposition to the colonial regimes. The MPLA constitution
denies membership in the party to any individual who has “any religious creed."
This is why it is such a small political party, comprising only about 0,3 per-
cent of the Angolan population.

The majority of Angolans are animists, 27 percent are Catholic and 12 percent
are Protestants. All of them have been.persecuted. The properties of the Cath-
olic Church were expropriated by the Cubans; atheism is constantly preached in
the hospitals, in the schools and at political rallies. The Cubans and So-
viets deride the religious befiefs of the animists; they resort to the follow-
ing ruse: they take off in their helicopters and planes, fly around for a while
and then tell the local people that they looked and didnot see God in the sky.
All this has resulted in strong opposition to the regime in power in the occu-
pied territory of Angola. In August 1985, the Catholic Church of Angola sanc-
tioned UNITA's request for an end to the warfare and a negotiated settlement of
the conflict.

The second weakness of the communists is economic. The Soviets can supply weap-
ons, but they withhold economic aid. Whereas the objective of UNITA is to de-
stroy the export economy which finances the Cubans' war against the Angolan
people, the Soviets and Cubans involuntatily collaborate with UNITA through the
nationalization of all the industries and the collectivization of the agricul-
ture. In all the countries.under their domination, the communists lower the
standard of. living, they destroy the opportunities to work and they impoverish
the people in such a way that, in this respect, they are losing sight of the
consequences of the guerrilla war. .

Once a great exporter, Angola must now import about 90 percent of its food
needs. ‘The diamond and gold mines which once made Angola a rich Portuguese
colony are currently losing money. Only the communists could lower the produc-
tion capacity of a gold mine to such a degree. The economy is supported--and
the Cuban occupation is financed--solely by the petroleum produced by Gulf Oil,
which belongs to Chevron, an American multinational. Lenin said that the cap-
italists would sell the rope by which they would be hanged. Today, they are
selling out the people of Angola. But tomorrow, dear reader, it is their turn.

6362
CS0: 3442/15



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

COUNTRY TO ASSUME RAILROAD CONTROL--A spokesman for the national railways of
Zimbabwe [NRZ] has said Botswana's railways are run by the NRZ, but negotiations
for that country to take over the system have been going on since 1974. The
spokesman said Botswana's operations staff are being trained by the NRZ in
readiness for running their side of the line. A timetable is also being worked
out to be introduced with the takeover, when trains in Botswana can be handled
by employees of the Botswana railways. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in
English 0600 GMT 13.Oct 86 MB] /7358

LIMPOPO WATER POISONING--An official of the Department of Water Affairs stated
in South Africa in connection with the poisoning of the waters of the Limpopo
River in eastern Botswana. The deputy director of water affairs, Mr Derek
Quinston, did not give further details on the arrest but said the substance used
in poisoning of the water look like a highly toxic chemical known as (aldercaps).
However, he said the Limpopo water was still being tested in a long and compli-
cated analysis. Mr Quinston said (aldercap) is a highly poisonous chemical used
as a pesticide to kill bacteria in the soil and is dangerous to human beings and
wild animals. He said the chemical is banned in countries such as Australia,
but not in Botswana and can easily be obtained from South Africa. Mr Quinston
said his department was alerted to the pollution of the water by a game warden
in the area last week after several wild animals and birds have been found dead
in the Limpopo area. Residents of villages along the Limpopo have been warned
against drinking water from the river. Affected villages included (Lenseling
Ruti), Point Drift and areas along the Limpopo river frontage to the Shashe
river confluence. Mr Quinston said his department expects the chemical to clear
up in about 2 weeks. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1110 GMT
Oct 86 MB] /7358 .

CsO: 3400/177

26



/9274
cso:

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hand doesn’t seem to know what the right

hand is trying to do.

Do you regard the imposition of sanctions
as a significant development?

I think they will play a significant role. |
think they will have a great impact on the
psychology of white South Africa.

s generally believe the economy is
The fallacy of that notion is
going to be forcefully brought home to
them. White South Africa also clainys it is
blacks who are going to suffer. but the
economy is so integrated that there is no
way sanctions are going to hit blacks
without hitting whites.

Also, I think government has tended to
play games with the public in this regard.
For instance, the threat of repatriating
foreign workers is a typical example of
cutting off your nose to spite your face. If
they repacriate the workers. chat will affect
production on the mines and this will
obviously have a major eff
economy.

95



unqualified people, for instance, in remote
rural areas.

We now feel that we should involve these
people more closely in the running of the
newspaper.

We are also looking at ways of involving
community organisations and trade unions so
that they have a direct say in what the paper
does and s:

You have referred to the type of journalism
which you regard as relevant in the current
situation. Is this what you mean — that
newspapers should be democratised, or that
they should practice a certain kind of
“committed” journalism?

Both, Even in the mass commercial media,
you still have a lot of committed journalists.
But their commitment is really frustrated by
the fact that the newspapers or those who run
the paper do not have the same amount of
commitment.

You just feel frustrated. You give so much,
and so much doesn’t get in. And of course
the people hold you personally accountable if
something doesn’t uppear.

I think we've reached a point where
journalists should not only be reporting on
what is happening in society — they should
help society find solutions, to look for
alternatives. It is noc enough to say, X said
this and Y said that, as if you-yourself do
not have a point of view or a contribution to
make.

Does this mean moving away from the
conventional idea of so-called objective
reporting? What would you call this?

Certainly. For lack of a better word I would
call it people's journalism, because it is the
type of journalism where you involve people
in what they do. You get people to write
about themselves and how they perceive
themselves and their society. And I think
there is a major difference there. When one
speaks about objectivity in the sense that it is
being used in South African journalism, one
presupposes the existence of a conflict, of a
difference of views.

While I accept that there is necessarily
conflict in society and a difference of views,
T take the position that it is the majority view
that should prevail. And this is essentially
what I believe people’s journalism would
be about.

Asa black journalist you have gained
exceptionally wide experience of various

88

types of newspapers — “liberal” white-owned
newspapers such as the Rand Daily Mail,
“black” newspapers published by the white-
owned press, and so on. How do you view
these types of newspapers, the way in
which they have operated, and perhaps
their contradictions and shortcomings?

Of course, the major problem one has with
the major media is the fact of monopoly
ownership. It was really SAAN and Argus
who controlled the newspapers. In fact, you
felt the contradictions more when you were
actually working for a so-called black paper
where you were supposed
to be the voice of the
people, but it became
very clear to you that you
were actually a cool of the
white management.

If you look back, for
example, to the turn of
the century and the
‘Thirties, there was an

upsurge of black-owned newspapers which
were actually projecting the black point of
view. What happened? They were all taken
over by the English and Afrikaans mono-
polies and turned into tools of the ruling
class.

Even today, the black papers are
entrenching the interests of the ruling cla
and not advancing the interests of the
working class. I think this is where this
paper is going to make a difference,
because we are taking cognisance of the
leading role the working class is playing in
this country and is increasingly going to
play. And by virtue of this leading role they
have to play, we believe that they should
have a direct say in the paper that we run.

What is, therefore, your major objection
against these papers ~ the fact that they
are owned by monopoly capital, or that
they are undemocratic?

Firstly, the fact chat it is monopoly capital
and then that it is white monopoly capital.

But the second and most serious problem
is that, although these papers purport to be
speaking for the people, they in fact do not
speak for the people because no structures
for ongoing consultation have been created
to ensure that there is a people’s input into
these publications.

Then, and this is particularly true of the
so-called black papers published by the
white press, they serve to create and serve
an elite. So basically you have black papers
serving the interests of the black petty



ANGOLA

SADCC DELEGATION VISIT TO SOYO DESCRIBED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 Aug 86 p 1

[Text] Yesterday, the heads of the delegations from the Republics of Botswana,
Zambia, and Malawi to the ministerial meeting of the countries belonging to
SADCC, which is now opening in the nation's capital, visited the municipality
of Soyo, where some of the major undertakings have been established for the
development of the oil industry in the People's Republic of Angola and also of
the southern region of the African continent.

Archibald Mogwe, Botswana's minister of mineral resources, Zimbabwe's industry
minister, Mahachi, Zambia's finance minister, K. N'Singo, and Malawi's minister
of industry and tourism, W.B. Deleza, observed yesterday the real capacities of
the area in the oil sector, during a stay of nearly 5 hours, spent particularly
at. the Quinfuquena oil terminal at the Kwanda Logistical Base, in its port,
covering the entire housing area, technical services, offices and storage
facilities, over anarea of nearly 160 hectares.

In fact, the delegation from Luanda began first by visiting and receiving
detailed explanations from the Quinfuquena base's control room, where it was
given a complete briefing on what is going on at the terminal, from the amount
of oil entering and the amount in stock, to the volume coming from the oil
tankers.

The tanks’ oil storage capacity is nearly 70,000 cubic meters, and the daily
production of that product exceeds 6,000 cubic meters.

Accompanied by the vice minister of petroleum, Desiderio Costa, and our coun-
try's ambassador to the Federative Republic of Nigeria, Armindo Santo Vieira,
the honorable representatives of the countries fighting in the front line
against economic dependence on Pretoria's racist regime were also informed
about the projects implemented (and still being stringently executed) since
1979, the time when SONANGOL [National Angolan Fuel Company] began building the
bases to support the oil companies operating in the area, such as Fina, Texaco,
Elf, Agip, Espa, Braspetro, and many other service companies set up primarily
at the Kwanda base.

The visitors were provided by the companies’ officials and representatives with
countless data on the projects sponsored by SONANGOL in the region, prominent



Certainly. Given the objective situation in
our country, given the content of our
struggle, we will unavoidably have to go
through two phases,

Would the second follow political
liberation?

T think it would inevitably have to follow
the political struggle.

Do you believe the leadership of the
broader political movement is likely to
remain those established leaders of
organisations like the ANC who are in
prison or overseas, or that its eventual
leadership is more likely to be generated
locally from the current struggle?

I think it will have to be both. Leadership
comes from the process of struggle. In fact,
whatever government finally assumes
authority, I believe will be comprised of
people from within and without the
country. But I think we have to recognise
that all those people are in fact from within
the country.

Since the new State of Emergency was
declared on June 12, large numbers of
people — including yourself — have been
detained and press curbs have been
imposed. Government has repeatedly
claimed that violence is diminishing,
seemingly implying that it is regaining
control over the country and is succeeding
in suppressing the challenge to the State.
As a result, sanctions are also in the
process of being imposed on South Africa.
How do you see the situation now?

Firstly [ wanc to respond to the question of
violence dying down, I find it extremely
contradictory that, while the State claims
that violence has died down. itis increasingly
imposing curbs and restrictions on the
media. If violence was really decreasing.
the logical thing to do would have been to
ease up on the media. Vhe fact that they
are clamping down on the media gives the
lie to thac allegation. It is noc true.

As regards the Saate of Emergency itself.
Thave already said chat our country has
reached a point of no return: that people's
power had taken root and is in fact
unstoppable. I think all the State of
Emergency will do is to foree those
structures that have been operating overtly.
to operate covertly.

‘The State no longer possesses the me:
to destroy people's organisations, ‘They
cannot, for instance, destroy the United
Democratic Front, because even if they

ns

94

said it was banned, even if they imposed
additional restrictions on it, those restrictions
would merely exist in the imagination of
the State.

‘Two months ago, the State knew what it
was dealing with. It knew the leaders and
structures of organisations, New, the
response is likely to come from covert
structures.

As has always been the case throughout
our history, once campaigns are initiated at
a covert level, the intensity of violence
increases. And this seems to be the phase in
which government has now firmly placed
the country.

Government may claim that it is
neutralising certain structures, but I submit
that this is not true. Those structures are
just going to assume different
characteristics.

So you think this will just initiate a new
phase in the struggle and that the govern-
ment will fail to regain control?

Yes. Also curbs on the press have thrown a
blanket over information, and when you
control information, you create additional
splits and tensions within the community.

Will the mass detentions not cripple
organisations?

A loc of leaders anticipated the State of
Emergency. In fact, the bulk of the
leadership is not in detention. Basically,
they're in hiding. This is why structures
have not been disrupted. On the contrary,
the main effect of the detentions will be to
radicalise more people, More white people
have been detained during this State of
Emergency than ever betore. The harsh
realities of detention that those people and
their families. relatives and friends are
going to experience are going to radicalise
them even more. We are not simply talking
abouta handful of white people being
detained. \ very large portion of the
detainees are white.

Do you have any comments on your own
detention and release?

Much of what I could say could noe be
printed. MET can say is that, judging by the
way in which questions were put to me and
the way the interrogators conducted
themselves. I did nor have the sense chat
the State was in control. E sensed panic
within the police structures. One also felt
there was no co-ordination,

You have this vast machinen, with which
information is being vathered. But the lett



How can moderate people like you play a
role to make it possible for government
and such organisations as the ANC to get
together?

Well, in a very humble way, I believe we
are making a contribution through
NAFCOC. We have started speaking to
black leaders first. We believe that it is
necessary for the black community to get
together because it is also vastly fragmented
ethnically as well as ideologically, and the
fragmentation appears to be widening rather
than narrowing. Ic is important, therefore, to
recognise that before we can really come to
the table and agree with the white com-
munity, blacks must themselves be commit-
ted to a future of togetherness.

Therefore, we have called meetings. Last
year we had two conferences ~— one to discuss
the disinvestment issue, and the other to
discuss the basis on which black unity can be
achieved.

The first meeting drew a wide range of
interests, including unions and such political
organisations as the United Democratic
Front, AZAPO, the Inkatha movement, the
urban councils and even community ofgani-
sations,

And, of course, you also spoke to the ANC
in Lusaka.

Yes, this was also part of NAFCOC’s effort
to bring together the black community and
to try to see how we differ, where we differ
and why we differ.

What was your impression of the ANC?

My general impression was that they were
very reasonable in their demands. They were
sympathetic about our concern for the
economy. The talks were largely based on an
agenda prepared by NAFCOC and one of
our main concerns was the economic involve-
ment of blacks in the future and the survival
of the free enterprise system.

There was a fair measure of support for
what is described as a mixed economy with
elements of capitalism and socialism. They
recognise that certain strategic industries are
still going to have to be run by government,
in the same way as we have now, but they
recognise, and we agree with them, that
there will be need for a redistribution of the
land in this country in such a way that black
people can get more access to the land and
utilize it in the interests of the country and
for the benefit of the economy.

99

We agreed on a number of things. For
example, we agreed that the free enterprise
system in our country is not free at all —
something we have been saying all along. We
found them to be very reasonable. We are
encouraging the government to initiate
direct talks with the ANC. I disagree with
the government that because there are some
communist elements in the ANC, you should
not talk to the organisation, If they can talk
to Samora Machel, who is a communist, and
they can talk to people in Angola who are
also communists, they should be more wil-
ling to talk to communists inside their own
country.

How are you encouraging government to
speak to the ANCP

[recently made a public statement at the
NAFCOC conference in Cape Towa in
which I appealed to government on these
lines. The speech received wide publicity
here and overseas so government is aware of.
our position insofar as the ANC is concerned.

We certainly want to speak to government
about this'as soon as possible. We would
hope to speak to the State President or Chris
Heunis (Minister of Constitutional Develop-
ment). We have already had discussions with
the Minister of Foreign Affairs, Pik Botha,
and have actually requested him to give very
serious attention to the issue of Nelson
Mandela.

One hears of so many incidents in which
black moderates are victimised and killed in
the most brutal manner by radical elements
in black townships. What has been your

experience?

‘The black business community has suffered
during the unrest more than any other group
in this country. They have lost assets worth
millions of rands and we are now running a
commission of inquiry into the reasons for the
destruction of black business. The reason
may be that black businessmen are seen to
be co-operating in one way or another with
government or wi tem. It may be
because business is perceived to be
associated with capitalists and the elite and,
therefore, contributes very little to the free-
dom struggle of the people.

So the business community must show
that it is involved in the struggle for libera-
tion, for freedom, for justice. And more and
more, you are going to find black business-
men voicing the same concerns that the
community is articulating because if they do
not do so, the alternative is that they will



ZIMBABWE

ZISCO BIDS DUE FOR MANAGEMENT CONTRACT
London AED in English 27 Sep 86 p 17

[Text] Bids were due in on 30 September from companies invited to tender for
the project management contract for Zimbabwe Iron & Steel Company's (Zisco's)
longediscussed rehabilitation programme, AED understands that the bid invita-
tions were sent out to various embassies and high commissions in Harare in
early August.

Companies invited to bid are Austria's Voest-Alpine Industrial Services, which
drew up the recommendations for the programme in 1983 and is a former technical
adviser to Zisco; British Steel Corporation Overseas Services (BSCOS), which
reviewed the programme for Zisco in 1984; Japan's C Itoh & Company, Kawasaki
and Kobe Steel; Mannesmann Demag Sack of West Germany; France's Sogelerg/
Cofransid; MCC of China; Italy's Italimpianti, and Mechnical Engineering Con-
sultants (Mecon) of India,

The programme is aimed at reducing costs and enabling Zisco to produce higher
value export products rather than increase capacity. Major elements include
construction of a sinter plant, continuous casters, and a special steels plant
as well as upgrading of the rod mill. The delays in getting it moving have
reflected government concern over undertaking such a large investment--in 1983,
costs were estimated at over $100 million--given Zisco's position as one of the
largest loss-making parastatals,

The issue of tenders coincided with further government moves in August towards
full state ownership, The issue to the Industry & Technology Ministry of a
further 19,3 million shares raised the government's interest in Zisco to 91.26
percent, The state's shareholding was last raised in January, to 89.6 per-
cent, when the ministry took up 14.7 million of the new shares issued when
Zisco increased its capitalisation by 20 percent, In 1985 the capitalisation
of 2$163.5 million ($98.9 million) in interest-free loans had boosted public
ownership to 88.9 percent from 57,79 percent.

Meanwhile, the company seems to have become the latest victim of the management
upheavals that have beset the transport parastatals over the past year, Manag-
ing director Christopher Mapondera was suspended by the board on 16 September,
but reinstated by Industry & Technology Minister Oliver Munyaradzi later the
same day, No reasons were given for the board's action, but sources say it
was unrelated to ongoing investigations into the parastatals by a commission
headed by High Court judge Justice Smith. Zisco is at present the focus of
the commission's attentions,

19274

cso: 3400/179 62



irreconcilable with that which is presented to South Africa and its people at
the congress.

For me as a white, as an Afrikaner and as a ‘South African in a heterogeneous
country, the policy of common rule coupled with group protection and self-
determination in one's own circle is fair and proper. But is it also that way
for the moderate black? And is the moderate black still in the majority? Is
he not also just seeking, like his radical brothers, justice in the simpler
way of black domination? I cannot see that the black press is propagating the
Durban message with objective good will. And then I yet wonder whether that
message, as well-meaning and sincere as it is, is ever going to get to the
black man. And it is so very important that the message does reach him, for
it is along with him that we must govern this country -- not along with the
Progs [Progressives] or the KP's or along with the EEC, the USA, the
Commonwealth of Nations or the OAU.

13084
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68



ANGOLA

BPV ORGANIZATION IN HUAMBO DESCRIBED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Aug 86 p 3]

[Excerpts] HUAMBO--Franca Eusebio, provincial coordinator, said in an inter-
view with this newspaper that the Huambo provincial administration of the
People's Security Brigades (BPV) plans to set up 10,000 brigades, 2,000 inter-
mediate posts, 10 health groups, 5 basic schools to train cadres and activists,
and 10,000 defense commissions and recruit 100,000 brigade members and all
provincial-level leaders.

According to Eusebio, there are now 603 trained brigades with 11,387 brigade
members, 10,493 of whom are men and 894 are women. Of these, 402 are Party
members, 1,328 are members of Party Youth, 713 are agents and 5,638 are organ-
ized peasant prospects for recruitment.

He’ added, however, that the lack of transportation facilities may hinder the
plan sent down from the BPV national administration, since some cities are over
20 km from Huambo.

Seventy provincial-level brigade meetings, 44 municipal meetings and 16 lec~
tures have already been held to educate brigade members about "what the
People's Security Brigades mean to the people."

Forty-six block and residents' commissions have been organized for homes and
workplaces at the provincial level to ensure active participation on the part
of workers and residents in BPV activities. The commissions’ initiative is
citywide to encourage improved cooperation with brigade members.

It should be added that brigade members also work with defense and security
forces to protect the railroad and highway in the province, and that on occa~
sion they have killed or taken prisoner several puppet bandits.

According to Franca Eusebio, municipal BPV authorities enlisted all the chiefs
and elders to reach and better mobilize the people, since the chiefs are consi-
dered to be very important by the people.

In the BPV's activities, it should be pointed out that there is no staff
capable of taking charge of sports, culture or ideology.

The BPV provincial office, sensitive to the suffering in Kwanza Norte, has
taken ‘up a collection among brigade members and companies in Huambo and Caala
amounting to about 500 kwanzas to aid the families of victims of the barbaric
attack by puppet bands in Camabatela.

8844
CSO: 3442/11 13



COSATU CONDEMNS NEW ID, CONTINUED INFLUX CONTROL

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 28 Sep 86 p 12

[Article by Mono Badela]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] THE Congress of SA Trade that it was giving Presi id ji
f giving President i

Unions is gearing up to PW Botha’ six. months to tn faidoo said in terms of
tackle the new identity “scrap the influx control ers “are regarded as for-
book ~ after its central ex- laws — or Cosatu would take eigners”
ecutive committee meeting action. Barayi has since The new. ID still rein-
condemned the.new ID and been restricted and cannot forces division, he said, and
the continued system of in+ be quoted. drives a wedge between
flux control. 1 . . . workers — treating some

Cosatu general secretary But Naidoo pointed out workers “as urban residents
Jay Naidoo said affiliates, that.pass laws were enacted and others as migrant work-
regions and local branches by the apartheid regime to ers with no right to perma-
would discuss the idea of a nency in big cities”
national campaign. Cosatu control and dehumanize the Mets he sid, was contra
would circulate pamphlets lives of workers in SA, dictory to Cosatu's. princi-
and posters to start an edu- The introduction of the lee because it believes in
cation campaign as a basis new ID had in no way eased vy undivided and non-racial
for these discussions. the workers’ plight, he said. South Africa.

“We will seek a mandate The ID system’ and in- He said Cosatu would
to call upon employer or- flux control strengthened still fight for workers’ right
ganisations to oppose these the hands of capitalists to to seek employment wher-
laws,” Naidoo said. exploit and oppress the ever they wish and live with

He said the proposals for working class in striving to their families wherever
a national campaign would generate super-profits. they wish and to provide
be discussed with other pro- . Naidoo said the new ID proper housing for them.
gressive organisations “so still excludes people from
that we can build a unified the Transkei, Bophuthats-
national campaign”. wan. Venda’ and Ciskei

On December |, Cosatu from being citizens of
president I:lijah Barayi told South Africa, the land of
an inaugural rally at Dur- their birth.

.. . It also compels employ-
ban’s King’s Park that. the ers to sign contracts with all
new federation would also’ workers from the “indepen-
assume a ‘political role and dent” homelands.

/12379

CSO: 3400/146

96



a |

The new intermediate-level technicians specialized in public health, general
nursing, serology, and pediatrics.

Artur Kapitango, administrative director of the institute, announced that, on
the teaching staff level, there are prospects for sending Bulgarian instructors
to the province, who could compensate for the shortage currently being experi-
enced in the province.

The creation of a library for consultations is another prospect considered by
that school's administration.

2909
CSO: 3442/10

18



WHITES OPPOSE OPENING SCHOOLS TO ALL RACES

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 18 Sep 86 pp 1, 3

{Article by Jim Freeman]

[Text]

‘WHITE’ SCHOOLS will not summarily
open their doors to children of all races,
regardless of an announcement to this ef-
fect by National Education Minister An- _

drew Matijila.

Mr Matjila yesterday an-
nounced that the Cabinet “had
made a decision which has fi-
nally given effect to a recom-
mendation in the ‘Report of
the Education _ Commit-
tee’,...on the admission of
pupils to all schools in the
country regardless of race and
colour.” 7 -

“The decision ... meansthat
this recommendation in the
report will already be im-
plemented as early as the start
of the 1987 academic year in all
schools in the country. From
1987, race and colour will no
longer play a role in the admis-
sion of pupils to any school, in-
cluding schools in which edu-
cation is provided by a
Representative Authority”

Mr Matjila added that the
decision had been taken amica-
bly and unanimously by the
Cabinet.

Both the National Party’s
representative in the Cabinet

19274
cso: 3400/153

— Agriculture Minister Eben
van Zijl — andthechairman of!
the executive committee of the
Administration for Whites, Mr
Kosie Pretorius, have violently
disputed Mr Matjila’s
statement. ,
“It’s the greatest nonsense In
the world” raged Mr van Zijl.
—He said the Cabinet had vot-
ed unanimously on Tuesday to
implement an earlier decision |
in which provisions of the’ Edu-
cation Report were accepted
provided the recommenda-
tions were tied to the. Bill of
Fundamental Rights which
stipulates that rights such as
language, culture and religion
will always be honoured.
This, said Mr van Zijl, was a
very different thing from what
Mr Matjila had interpreted.
Mr Pretorius said his ad-
ministration had taken note
“with disappointment” Mr
Matjila’s statement that “it will
also not be possible to reduce

47

culture to race and colour and!
on these grounds to refuse a
child admission to a school”.

However, the Administra-
tion for Whites saw no reason
to take the issue to court as the
authority felt it was working
within the terms of existing
legislation.

Mr Pretorius added he was
“glad to hear that there‘are in-
terpretation differences which
could possibly rectify the issue.

“Our attitude from the be
ginning was that we are pre-
pared to bring into line with the
Bill of Fundamental Rights all
legislation. But as far as the
Education Report — and par-
ticularly the control and
management recommenda-
tions — is concerned, we be-
lieve and indicated to the Cabi-
net that this is a case of con-
stitutional importance that
can only be finalised by the
Constitutional Council”.


‘lizabeth. where by
using mass action, the
people were able to
split the government
and the business
community
Eventually I see

people's power encroaching on and

eventually penetrating the white areas, [t is
very difficult for me to say concretely how
this will happen, but when the stage has
been reached where tensions are being
created within the ruling class, between the
government and the business people, one
would expect that those contradictions and
tensions are going to be heightened as the
political struggle gains momentum.

Do you believe power may eventually
be transferred through a process of
negotiation?

Tt is something that I have thought about
often. But there is no way in which one
say at this point that a negotiated settlement
is going to work, as opposed to a violene
confrontation. There are so many elements.

I think the government will be increasingly
forced into piecemeal political reforms —
like bones being thrown to the dogs — to
stall the momentum. But these only fuel
the struggle.

‘These so-called reforms are really the
underbelly of the current government.
Because the more they give. the more the
people are going co demand and the greater
their expectations are.

Ulaimately ect that the tensions
within the ruling class will rise to such a
level chat it will snap at any given moment.
[think ultimately Botha is going to be
pushed into a position where he has to say
political compromise is the only way.
whereas the conservatives within the
National Party will say there is a military
solution to this.

\c thac point they will probably experience
another split. It’s difficult to say which side
will predominate. It's a dynamic situation
and it's developing every day. Bur | do
expect an escalation of violence on the part
of the State.

But with increasingly difficult targets?

Yes, because the targets can no longer be
easily isolated and neutralised. When you
still had campaigns being solely launched
and controlled by political organisations,
you always ran the risk of being neutralised.
Now [think we've gone beyond that point.
“The authority of the organisation is still

92

being accepted. but the masses are taking,
the lead.

Meanwhile, the advent of mass action
and people's power is weakening the organs
of the State, day by day. ‘The organs of
control in the townships have all but
collapsed. Now even the bancustan
authorities are facing collapse.

How long do you think this process could
take?

Iecould take quite a long time. Obviously,
a negotiated settlement will be a lot quicker
than a violent confrontation, We've spoken.
about the possibility of increased violence
by the State and rampaging armies from the
bancustans. Demilitarisation is always a
difficult pro

And, of course, we cannot ignore the
possibility of the army adopting a scorched
earth policy — in other words, sensing
inevitable defeat, and then going for total
destruction; that. when the State realises
that it cannot last for another month or
another week, it will ensure that whoever
takes over the country, takes over a country
that is thoroughly devastated. At such a
point the State is also likely to encourage
secessionist movements. There is a great
danger of secessionist movements developing
in this country. One is worried by the so-
called federal options being bandied
around. One only needs to look back at
what happened in Nigeria with the Biafran
conflict. | would submit chac similar
preconditions exist in this country and that
the intensity of such a conflict would be a
hundred times greater than chat in Nami

I think one can sense already that the
State is pucting into place, or creating,
conditions that will be favourable for
secessionist movements. For example,
when we look at an area like the Ciskei. it
is absurd to speak of a Ciskeian nationalism.
It is being grabbed out of thin air and
people are being told. this is your identity.
You have to tight co defend it.

So the State. whether consciously or
unconsciously. seems to be purting into
place the dominoes and at a given time
they will knock one domino over and the
whole pack will come cumbling down. So
that when the time comes, when they are
off the scene. they would want to see a coal
collapse, cotal violence engulf the country,

Do you also foresee the possibility of a
relatively less violent transfer of power, for
example, through a negotiated settlement?

That would obviously have been a better
option. Buc the more [think about it. che



GHANA

FOREIGN EXCHANGE AUCTION DESCRIBED AS 'GREAT SUCCESS'
AB192050 Accra Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 19 Sep 86

[Text] At the foreign exchange auction held today under the new auction
system, 128 cedis was declared as the exchange rate for the week. There were
in all 75 bidders but one bidder was disqualified leaving the number at 74.
Twenty-nine bidders were successful. The highest bid was 152 cedis to the
dollar and the lowest 90 cedis. The total foreign exchange made available by
the Bank of Ghana was $2.5 million. Out of this, $2,467,951 was utilized.

The chairman of the foreign exchange auction committee, Mr Yaw Manu Sarpong,
who announced the rate, said successful bidders will be informed through
their bankers. This means that up to Friday, next week, foreign exchange
transactions at the banks will be at the rate of 128 cedis to the dollar
except for those at Window 1 where the exchange rate will continue to be 90
cedis. These transactions include government debt servicing, cocoa sales
abroad, crude oil purchases, and essential drugs. Requests by government
establishments for exchange will be supplied at 128 cedis to the dollar.
Individuals who have foreign exchange and wish to exchange it will also do so
at the banks at 128 cedis to the dollar until the next auction on Friday.

Commenting on the proceedings so far, the governor of the Bank of Ghana, Mr
J.S. Addo, said considering the short notice to the public, the exercise has
been a great success. Asked whether a longer notice would not have attracted
more bidders, Mr Addo said a long notice would rather heighten the degree of
speculation. He said the bank expects a lot more bids at the next auction.
Before opening the box, the chairman of the auction committee, Mr Manu Sar-
pong, a former deputy governor of the Bank of Ghana, said the auction system
has been introduced to help Ghana out of her present economic difficulties.
He stressed that the success of the scheme will depend on positive responses
from the public to the new situations that are likely to be created by the
arrangement. A great burden, therefore, lies on all, not just members of the
committee but on the Bank of Ghana and the banking system as well as the Cen-
tral Bank, the business community, employers and employees alike, and the
mass media. This new arrangement he said, should serve as a mirror of our
vision and courage. It should also reinforce our hope, purpose, and restore
confidence in the economy. He noted with satisfaction, the interest and
enthusiasm shown by the public in the scheme. He praised, particularly, the
media and the Bank of Ghana for whipping up people's appetite for information
on the scheme.

30



ANGOLA

BENGUELA PROVINCIAL COMMISSAR VISITS CUBAL, GANDA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Aug 86 p 3]

[Text] BENGUELA--In a meeting with the people in Ganda, Maj Joao Lourenco,
Benguela provincial commissar, reiterated that the solution to the people's
main problems lies solely in improving efforts to produce products with a
potential in Angola.

Lourenco, who spent two days visiting Ganda and Cubal, added that it was im-
perative to increase production of corn, sisal, coffee, and cotton, the area's
chief crops.

Benguela Province's highest official said that wringing one's hands and eating
less do not feed or clothe anyone, and thus international aid will not solve
the most pressing problems, but only slightly alleviate them.

Lourenco, a member of the Party's Central Committee, pointed out that it is
imperative to develop the area's agricultural potential to the fullest where
the variety of produce could help greatly to earn hard currency and improve
the people's diet.

In Ganda the first secretary of the Party provincial committee visited the
coffee facilities, including the experimental station and the Domestic Trade
Company, and held separate meetings with the Executive Commission of the Party
Municipal Committee and the chiefs and elders.

In Cubal, Lourenco visited cotton fields, sisal production units, and the hos-
pital and maternity clinic at leisure, in addition to holding meetings with
Party officials and the chiefs and elders.

It. should be pointed out that Cubal is participating in the national sisal
production plan and now has ten (10) sisal units, including both private and
state-owned units. A reliable source informed ANGOP that five of these are
shut down for lack of spare parts for transportation equipment and stranding
machines.

Cubal, which covers an area of 9,794 square kilometers and counts about 214,000
inhabitants, is mainly a rural agricultural region.

In Cubal the Benguela provincial commissar also reminded the people that every

citizen should be concerned about defense and know the rudiments of warfare in
order better to defend his commune, farm or workplace.

4



THREE TRANSPORT UNIONS BACK SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

THE three Zimbabwean
transport unions affiliated .
to the International
ort Workers Fede-

ration have pledged their
full support for making
sanctions against South
Africa effective, .

The general secretary
of the Railways ‘Associat-
ed Workers Union, Cde
Anderson Mhungu, said
at a week-long: ITF semi-
‘nar in Harare yesterday
that three unions —
Rawu, Transport and
General Workers, and the
-Air Transport ‘Workers
Union — firmly stood by
the Government of Zim-
‘babwe and the world com-
munity to dismantle
apartheid. .

Hence, they were ready,
to respond to the ITF’s
call for transport workers
throughout the world to
mobilise forces to ensure
there wag a boycott of all
goods leaving or entering
South Africa.

The ITF made the cull
at its 86th congress in
Luxembourg in August.
The organisation was
Mounded in 1896 and nas
more than 5 million mem-
bers world-wide, including:
Africa. Cde Mhungu is
vice-president for Africa.

Cde Mhungw reaffirmed
the determination by

19274
csO: 3400/176

transport workers to back
their governments’ efforts
towards the . liberation
struggle of South Africa
ang Namibia.

“The ITF's declaration
is an expression of its

stand against colonialism _

“im general and apartheid |

in. particular’

In the August declara-
tion, the international
trangport organisation ex-
pressed its total rejection
of apartheid and was
determined to do all in its

power to bring it to a.
speedy end. t
According to the decla-

ration, IT¥F’s priorities
were to give the maxi-
mum support to “genuine
transport workers’ unions
in South Africa”.
» “The emergence,
against enormous odds,
of strong trade unions
the majority com-
munity in South Africa
has transformed the
South African social and
economic scene. But the

transport workers’ unions '

are still in great need of
aid and encouragement.”

The declaration added
that the fight for free-
dom in South Africa
would be won and the
international trade union
movement in general and
ITF in particular “have
an important role to play

58

ZIMBABWE

and must commit them-
selves to the cause,
‘Anything less will be a
betrayal of everything
TTF stands for”.

The declaration called
on all affiliates to vigor-
ously campaign for the
imposition of immediate
end effective sanctions .
against the South Afri-
can regime and- urged
those governments who
had not responded to the
call to do so. :

It said that interna-
tional embargoes on the
export of oil and arms to
South Africa were rigidly
observed and generally
extended to South African
cargoes and trade, if
necessary aided by indus-
trial action,

It also condemned the
massive number of:
arrests and detentions of
trade unionists and poll-
tical leaders,

“The appalling situa-
tion in South Africa is
a challenge to ‘the ITF
and to the international
community as a whole. It
4s right to cogdemn and
deplore apartheid — but
sentiments must be
translated into action, if
the ITF is to be worthy
of tts long and proud
traditions,” the declara-
tion said.



STEEL SCRAP, WASTE BEAT JAPAN SANCTIONS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Sep 86 p 3

{Article by Hamish McIndoe]

[Text]

SA steel scrap and waste exports
worth about R7m a year will con-
tinue to be landed in Japan de-
spite sanctions, according to the
Metal Merchants’ Association
(MMA).

Describing ferrous scrap as a “fa- -
celess commodity”, an source
said yesterday exporters would con-
tinue with shipments to Japan in the
face of an embargo on SA steel im-

19274

cso: 3400/157

rts.
pore said: “Tokyo's steel import ban
will be virtually impossible lice
in the case of steel scrap. ly, SA
scrap loses its origin as break-bulk
vessels load at various points around
the world en route to Japan.”

SA ferrous scrap imports to Japan
were ed to reach the 45 000-ton
mark this year, he added,

END

111

SOUTH AFRICA

Bans on the import of SA steel
scrap were included in the recent
European Communty (EC) and
Japanese steel sanctions.

Meanwhile, the MMA is to oppose
an application by the Non-Ferrous
Metal Industries Association
(NEMIA) to impose a 15% ad va-

‘em duty on non-ferrous scrap ex-

— covering mostly copper al-
loys, aluminium and lead.

The MMA is to file its objections to
the Board of Trade and Industries and
the Department of Customs and Ex-
cise before the end of the week.

The duty was gazetted.on Septem-
ber 5 and becomes law by mid-Octo-
ber unless overturned on the strength
of the MMA’s submission.

On paper, lower local scrap prices
would s safeguard industry jabs and
maximise foreign exchange earnings
through value-added exports.


INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

UNDP FUNDS TRANSPORT PROJECTS
MBO50751 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 5 Oct 86

[Text] The road networks of nine Southern African countries are being pooled
through two projects just approved by the United Nations Development Program,
UNDP. The projects, estimated to cost $4.3 million, will benefit Angola,
Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and
Zimbabwe.

The United States Agency for International Development, USAID, will contri-
bute $1.5 million to the cost of one project. A jointly funded UNDP and
USAID project will provide technical assistance and training to improve the
operational efficiency and increase the carrying capacity of the regional
transport network. The other UNDP project will cover data processing, road
operations, equipment, and commodities.

/7051
cso: 3400//180



movement emerged, you were also linked to
a BC organisation, MWASA. Now the
non-racial ideal seems to predominate once
again and BC seems to be on the wane.
How has your thinking changed through
this period and how do you see these
developments?

ITeis true to say that I come from a very strong
ANC background. I myself have always
believed in the ideal of non-racialism. Even
when I got involved in the BC movement,
that wasn't testimony of the abandonment of
the principle of non-racialism. As I have
indicated, | felt at the time that it was tactic-
ally important to take the stance that the BC
movement was taking. I think the BC
movement was important in this country. It
galvanised the youth into a very cohesive
force, politically and organisationally. Also,
the first political experience of a black youth
does tend to be one of militancy and anti-
whitism. ‘That is a natural reaction. So for a
lot of people, BC is the first phase of their
political learning process.

Although I myself still held dearly to the
principle of non-racialism, I went with BC
because I believed that it was tactically
correct at that stage.

But as time went on, BC was no longer a
set of values or a set of beliefs — it became a
set of individuals. Its weak ideological base
also became a problem. So one anticipated
the resurgence of the non-racial democratic
movement,

So, although I lived through BC, I have
always taken a very strong Charter position.

Even within BC at that
time, although we were
working together, there
was a tacit acknowledge-
ment on either side that
there were various st
and political tendencies
within BC. It is only
when BC pretended to be
a single political strain that
it began to run into problems.

1S

How do you see the situation now, includ-
ing the split between Azapo and the
UDF?

I don’t want to comment on specific organi-
sations or persons. But my experience is that

there is only one political constituency that

has been growing in this country, and that is

the non-racial democratic movement. And it

is growing day by day, in leaps and

bounds,

The other movements or organisations
may engage in posturing, but their influence
is diminishing. Of necessity, the working
class movement is growing by the day. And it
is no coincidence that the working class
movement is firmly in the non-racial
democratic camp.

Would you ally this movement specifically
to the UDF or the ANC? Or would you
say that the non-racial democratic ideal is
bigger than any of these organisations?

{tis allied to the UDF and the ANC. Rightly
or wrongly, the UDF is seen as being in
alliance with the ANC, so that I would see
the ANC as being the major vehicle which
has popularised the non-racial position.

There has been sharp criticism of the
government's conspiracy theory of black
Protest; that, if you have a certain level of
popular support for certain movements or
ideals, it is senseless to say that unrest is
fomented by the UDF, which is a front for
the ANC, which in turn is controlled by
Moscow. What are your views on this?

First of all I think it is the height of naiveté
to think that the ANC is in Lusaka. The
ANC exists within South Africa. For the
government to think that the ANC is still
banned is really very fanciful. We know it
and they know it. They are just playing a
game about the conspiracy.

‘There is no conspiracy. What is happening
is that we are beginning to see a transfer of
power. Whether the government wants to
accept it or not, we have begun to see a
process of change. This process is not being
brought about by Botha’s so-called reforms,
It is being initiated by the people them-
selves, led by the working class. It is the
people who are winning these victories for
themselves.

The fact that in this country today we have
what one would call people’s power means
basically that the transfer of power has be-
gun. People are beginning to control certain
areas, in the urban and rural areas. It is a very
significant development. We've reached a
stage where the government cannot even ban
the UDF or COSATU. Even if the govern-
ment banned them, those bannings would
exist only in name.

When you talk about “people's power”,
are you referring to the street committees
and area committees in the townships and
elsewhere?



Minister Flah said he was proud that Liberia's relations with Israel have
been improved. He recalled his visit to the State of Israel 2 years ago, and

said he was impressed to see how the Israelis have cultivated their desert
land into a productive agricultural field.

/7051
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35



NAFCOC CHAIRMAN ON BLACK BUSINESS, ANC, MODERATES

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town LEADERSHIP in English Vol 5 1986 No 4 pp 66, 68, 70

[Interview with NAFCOC Chairman Motsuenyane by Martin Schneider in Winterveld;

date not given]
[Text]

Meeting Sam Motsuenyane is not a simple
matter. The most convenient way is to meet in
Johannesburg or Pretoria, but then you will gain
only a superficial insight. Rather, drive through
Pretoria and take the Mabopane road until you get
to Soshanguve where you can meet at the offices of
the National African Federation of Chambers of
Commerce (NAFGOC).

But to get to know him better, continue through
Soshanguve and enter the Winterveld. You will
know this is the Winterveld because you are un-
likely to have seen as many shacks, mud houses
and make-shift dawellings. They say there are at
Least 400 000 people squatting here on the dry and
dusty plains. Press on and turn left onto a rocky
and potholed track. Turn right through a gate and
enter a little oasis. This is Sam Motsuenyane’s
home.

His borehole irrigates citrus trees and vegetables
in the bone-dry red earth. His house would have
seemed even more out of place had it still been
standing. The modern and spacious home is nowa
ruin, having been firebombed. So Motsuenyane
and family live in a caravan on the property.

The scene becomes even more incongruous when
you realise that the man in the pin-striped suit
chatting to you at his home in the heart of what is
arguably South Africa's biggest squatter com-
munity is also a director of Barlow Rand and
Barclays.

Sam Motsuenyane is the son of a farm labourer
who fought in the Anglo Boer War on the side of the
Boers. A man with intense Christian convictions,
he pushed himself through matric when his father
was no longer able to support his education. He
obtained a diploma in social science at night school
and used a Ussalep scholarship to obtain an ag-

97

ricultural science degree at the University of North
Carolina.

He says friends have urged him to live in more
genteel and salubrious surroundings, but he ex-
‘plains he is perfectly happy out there in the Win-
terveld.

Motsuenyane has been president of NAFCOC
since ts founding 18 years ago. He was interviewed
by Martin Schneider.

Schneider: What is your assessment of the
position in which the country finds itself?

Motsuenyane: Of course, South Africa is in
a very difficult period ~ one that is fraught
with all kinds of possi s. We could
either continue to remain under a State of
Emergency or government could move for-
ward and get the country out of its present
plight by freeing people like Nelson
Mandela, unbanning the African National
(ANC) and involving blacks in
ons aimed at creating a new
Il chat is necessary to.

What effect would the unbanning of the
ANC and the release of Nelson Mandela
have on the black community?

It would certainly enable government to
restore some measure of control over the
black community. Black leaders themselves
would be speaking to their people and
probably with much greater effectiveness
than the government can ever do. And this
to me is the only way we can restore a
measure of control and direction. Without


NAMIBIA

MANY SPLITS SEEN IN GOVERNMENT OF NATIONAL UNITY
Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 26 Sep 86 p 11
[Article by Gwen Lister]

[Text] ONE OF THE BIGGEST mistakes of the interim govern-
ment was to insist that it be accorded the title of ‘Govern-
ment of National Unity’. Nothing could be further from
the truth than this. The in-fighting and inter-party rivalry
in their ranks has reached unprecedented levels, to the
extent where it is almost impossible to believe anything
they say. :

Seldom, if ever, do they present a ‘united’ front. It is not only in
the courts where the various parties represented in the interim govern-
ment are at loggerheads, but on virtually every issue of national
importance. °

ON THE VITAL MATTER OF EDUCATION

EDUCATION is but one of the matters on which the members of the.
interim government differ radically. .

A recent Cabinet statement said that from the start of 1987, schools
would no longer be able to maintain their race exclusivity, but would
be open to all.

But parties inside that same Cabinet dispute the ‘decision’.

The interim government press heralds the announcement with
‘Schools are open’, indicating once again how they kowtow to pro-
interim government propaganda. It reminds me of the interim govern-
ment decision that discrimination must go, and another local
newspaper heralds this announcement with ‘AG 8 gets the boot’.

Although this was months ago, we’re still waiting for it to happen.

DECISIONS ‘IN PRINCIPLE’ BUT NOT IN PRACTICE

MOST OF THE decisions have been taken in principle, but are not
put into practice, primarily because the parties do not agree.

The interim government has claimed time and again that they’ve
brought an end to discrimination, detention without trial, compulsory
race classification and so on, but in practice they have done nothing.

No legislation, in tune with their Windhoek Declaration, has been
put into effect, once again, because they are unable to agree among
themselves.

And the issues they are divided on, concern the most vital national
issues such as integrated education, integrated hospitals and so on.
‘Their lack of initiative in bringing about change in these vital areas

38