LIBERIA

SECOM, POLITICAL PARTIES URGED TO EXERCISE RESTRAINT
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 12 Nov 84 p 4
[Editorial: "Stop Unnecessary Confrontation"]

[Text]

LAST WEEK THE Special Elections Commission
refused to accept the pre-registration documents of the
Liberian Unification Party (LUP) after the party
‘organizers severely criticized SECOM’s guidelines and
declared their refusal to comply with section 4 (d).

SUCH A CONFRONTATION, in our view, was
unnecessary and should have been avoided; more so,
when from all intent and, purposes, LUP went to
SECOM’s office with all their documents including
checks to cover the required $50,000 in cash as well ds
the required securities and bonds.

LUP COULD HAVE made their point by making
their payment under protest and reserving unto
themselves the right to challenge this provision of the
Guidelines at the proper time. .

SECOM, ON THE other hand, cannot be found
blameless; for, one of the complaints the Organizing
Committees of political parties have been voicing is
SECOM’s unwillingness to meet them or discuss issues
with them until they have fulfilled the requirements
and registered as full-fledged parties.

SOMETIMES IN THE interest of fairplay, good-
will and the need to create a favorable rapport, it is
best to make the rules flexible and listen in an informal
way to some of the ideas of those whom you must deal
with.

AS A REFEREE, captain and monitor in this
political process, SECOM can ill-afford to lose its
temper. It will have to exercise patience, tolerance and
guidance. There will be occasions when rebukes will be
necessary, but at this stage we think SECOM should
be able to recognize political posturing as against
serious contentions on issues.

56



In his
of the
in the
he was
and an

appeal, Geraldo Waliuea was particularly addressing the puppets
camps known as "Cafima," and "Kubango," located respectively
provinces of Kunene and Kwando-Kubango where he himself operated;
specifically appealing to "Colonel" Zeferino, "Captain" Bula
"aspirant" known as Kalupeteca to abandon the senseless struggle

which is basically being carried on to the detriment of his own people
and family members, and he concluded’with the observation that
"independence is achieved only once."

8568
cso:

3442/96

22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
jast line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

‘BRIEFS

EDITORIAL PRAISES BUTHELEZI--The moderate pronouncements of Captain Gatsha
Buthelezi of KwaZulu in influential American newspaper will not be popular in
the meddlesome international circles which have recently attempted to instigate
a renewed hate campaign against South Africa. A violent change in South
Africa will destroy the foundations for the future, the leader of the largest
ethnic group in South Africa said in an article in the Washington Post.

He pleads strongly ror negotiations. It reveals a sense of realism about the
South African situation which is altogether wanting in other South Africa non-
whites, who often pretend they are spokesmen for all non-whites. The govern-
ment is, at this moment, busy with a political mental scrimmange over the
position of blacks outside the independent national states. The time is now
riper than ever for constructive suggestions so that the government can help
bring about necessary evolutionary changes in this regard. For this reason
the logical result of Captain Buthelezi's moderate statements are looked to
with much anticipation; namely practical input which can help to find a
solution for one of the nation's greatest problems. As a leader of South
Africa's largest ethnic group, he ought to help solve the country's biggest
problem of relationships between peoples. It cannot be done without acknowledged
black leaders. If he follows his words with deeds, his intentions will be
clear. He now has the opportunity for this, an opportunity which he should
use, not only in the interest of his own people, but in the interest of all
oe peoples of South Africa. [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 1 Nov 8h Pp 12]
1249)

SEPARATE SCHOOLS--The Group Areas Act will not be abolished in the establish-
ment of schools; each community must have its own schools, residential areas
and amenities, Mr Piet Clase, MP from Virginia, said at the Free State Uni-
versity. He was guest speaker at the dedication ceremonies for HOD [Higher
Education Diploma] students and said that the principles upon which present
education policy is based require separate schools for each population group,
separate education administrations and departments, and the acknowledgement
of freedom of choice in educational affairs, but only within the framework
of schools for each population group. The classroom is not the place for
engaging in partisan politics. Politicians must recognize that the educa-
tor is above attempts to privateer for the sake of partisan objectives. In
the new political dispensation, no education can evade political change.
Education is inseparably bound to the education policy of the ruling party.

116



MOZAMBIQUE

STATUS OF MARITIME-RIVER FLEET REPORTED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 6 Nov 84 p 16

{Text ] -Maritime and river traffic along the Beira~Chiloane-Machanga-Mambone-
Vilankulo route in both directions will be stepped up when the vessel Patria is
put back into service this month for the transportation of passengers and
freight to and from these regions in the provinces of Sofala and Inhambane.

The Patria, which is a part of the fleet owned by the Beira River Transport
enterprises, has been out of use for about a.year, but.repair work has since
been done and a new engine imported from France installed, among other things.

The investment in the repair of the vessel is estimated at about 4,750 cantos,
including purchase of the engine, although it was paid for in foreign exchange.

This vessel was designed for the transport of 140 seated passengers and 35 tons
of freight.

Xavier Vombe Madeu, director of the Beira River Transport enterprise, said in
an interview granted to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE that "The recommissioning of the
Patria is a step toward meeting the need for maritime transportation links
between the provinces of Sofala and Inhambane.

"Currently only the final details of repair remain, such as the installation
of the engine and the electrical control board," he added.

Other Details

With the recommissioning of the Patria, the number of vessels being operated
by the Beira River Transport enterprise is increased to three.

The complete fleet of the enterprise includes five vessels, two of which have
suffered breakdowns (repairs have been begun on one of them in the Beira Ship
Repair Yard [RENAB] workshops). According to Director Xavier Madeu, the
construction of yet another maritime-river vessel is planned for the near
future, again with a view to strengthening the fleet.

5157
cso: 3442/91

65



increasingly depend. By way of proof I need only mention the substantial.
quota of foreign financing obtained this year, both in terms of the general
budget and the investment budget as I have just described them to you.

(Tomorrow's issue will carry explanations by the minister delegate for
planning.) :

Investment Budget

Niamey LE SAHEL in French 9 Oct 84 pp 2-3

[Investment budget presentation by minister delegate for planning on 7 Octo-
ber 1984]

[Text] As the statement issued by the Council of Ministers on Thursday,
4 October 1984, revealed, that body adopted an investment budget along with
the general budget.

As a result, no mention was made ofthe National Investment Fund (FNI), with
which the people of Niger are now quite familiar.

It will also be recalled that on Thursday, 27 September 1984, the Council of
Ministers approved Ordinance No 84-34 establishing the investment budget.
This text abrogates Law No 69-39 dated 22 September 1969 creating the SNI,
which thus ceases to exist. . . 7

What are the reasons for this situation, and more specifically, those which
led the government to establish an investment budget?

It would perhaps be well to recall the general context within which this
decision was made. .

In fact, the world crisis has become more serious since 1981-82, leading to
more severe economic imbalances in all sectors, and in particular in that
involving the terms of trade and the payments, public finance and investment
balances.

This situation, which is particularly difficult for our countries, led the
Supreme Military Council and the government to begin to implement, in 1982, a
process of profound review designed on the one hand to alleviate the effects
of the crisis, and on the other, to undertake steps toward economic consoli-
dation and recovery.

Thus thanks to the major results achieved by the various national seminars,
the national committee for following the situation, the teams for drafting
the Interim Consolidation Program (PIC) and the short-term recovery programs
on which the minister of finance commented yesterday, as well as thanks to
many other additional actions, Niger, unlike a number of other countries, has
been able to maintain the initiative with regard to its economic. policy.

Moreover, the 1984-1985 PIC will reach its end on 30 September 1985, and it
is important that the consolidation of the gains it undertook to make and

. 16.



reliability--that' is, number of forces and quality of weapons. In Africa, for
very obvious but. not very respectable reasons having to do with the policy of
arms sales, the industrialized countries publish a great number of more or less
specialized magazines in which they candidly. announce to the entire continent
all the new arms procurements made by African countries and even go so far as
to provide sometimes surprising details concerning their armies. When one
also considers that SIPRI [Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]
in Stockholm and many other organizations fighting for peace also have very
good information networks and that they do not hesitate to publish that infor-
mation periodically, one realizes’ that in Africa, national defense secrets are
a long way from including information on armed forces equipment.

To anyone reading those publications, which are sold practically with no re-
strictions and in particular to the military, who find in them a valuable
source of information on potential enemies, it is becoming increasingly obvious
that all African countries are going in for an increasingly extensive moderni-
zation of their armies. That modernization is not always in accordance with
the noble principles’ proclaimed.

What is worse, this modernization--under the pretext of freedom of choice and
of the need for freedom to maneuver in case of conflict--is being actively en-
couraged by every arms manufacturer in both the East and the West. But that
diversification of arms sources--as was demonstrated in particular by the
Falklands experience--guarantees in fact only relative freedom to maneuver.
Moreover, it also seems to be a clear indication of will on the part of the
country engaging in it to prepare for some vague action that it intends to
carry through to the end. Unless it denotes simply a concern for building up
a public image. For Africa, even on those terms, it remains a belligenic case.

Law of the Sea

Experts at centers for the study or exploitation of oceans assure us that the -
sea is a fabulous Ali Babats cave whose precious riches range from simple fish-
ing to over a dozen or so varieties of wealth, the most notable of which are
petroleum (naturally), multimetallic nodules, aquaculture, and biomass. All
those things and many others besides have prompted the possessors of technology
for prospecting and exploiting marine resources to follow in the footsteps of
the Dutchman Grotius, who, in his famous "Mare Liberum," laid. down the rule
that the fringe of territorial sea should extend for only 3 miles, with the rest
being open to all. The Third-World countries have always rejected that idea.

In 1958 they succeeded in getting territorial waters extended to 12 miles while
yielding to pressure from the big powers and conceding freedom of passage in
straits. This only revived the sense of frustration felt by the littoral states,
which felt that what they viewed as their national heritage was being encroached
upon. As you know, that led to the convening of the famous Third UN Conference
on the Law of the Sea--which lasted from December’ 1973 to December 1982.

The results of that interminable conference are certainly fortunate as regards
the claims of the Third-World countries. In particular, those countries ob-
tained agreement that beyond the 12-mile limit to territorial waters, an "ex-
clusive economic zone" extending 200 miles from the shore would be delimited

12



pene err

fate * Sony Maa

ite.

1985 GENERAL, INVESTMENT BUDGETS ANALYZED ,

General Budget Presentation

Niamey LE SAHEL in French 8 Oct. 84 pp 2-3 ibs he

[Text] The budget year just beginning comes within a rather unfavorable
economic context. Since a great deal has already been said about the aspects
characteristic of the world economic situation, it will suffice for us to
add, in the specific case of our country and for the fiscal period just
beginning, the continuing increase in the cost of our foreign debt service,
the deterioration in our terms of trade, together with a difficult farm
season as well as the hindrances affecting trade with certain of our tradi-
tional commercial partners.

In view of this situation, no enduring solution can be found through a day-
by-day approach. It is for this reason that, for a certain time now, the
government has undertaken steps on the macroeconomic scale, despite the
complexity of the task, the purpose of which is to bring those of these
parameters of which we have mastery under control, with a view to consistency
and efficiency.

If the structural reforms in our economy have required a certain period of
time to make their effects on domestic production and supply felt (a pre-
requisite to any growth which protects the basic balances in our economy),
the fact remains that in the short term, financial recovery represents a
basic step toward the structural adjustment efforts. The planning minister
will be able to inform you better on this subject shortly.

To return to the recovery which is the stamp of the 1985 budget, let us
recall that it comes within the framework of the programs agreed upon with
the International Monetary Fund (IMF). I would remind you of the main goals
therein, as follows:

--On the macroeconomic level, reduction of the balance of payments deficit
and price stabilization, while maintaining the economic growth effort.

--To achieve these goals, the following policies will have to be implemented:

a) In the budgetary sector, the deficit in the state finances must be reduced
through an improvement in income and control of operational costs.

71



As a result, the report’ to the effect that the Angolan and American delegations
discuissedénly the question of the withdrawal of the Cuban internationalist
forces from Angola is also without any basis. ‘

Let me take this opportunity to inform this august assembly that a more detailed
report on this matter will be delivered to the various chiefs of state and
government, whom I would like to thank for the moral and diplomatic support they
have given the Angolan people. .

Thank you very much.

5157
CSO: 3442/92

29



SOMALIA

BRIEFS

NATIONAL DISTRICT ELECTIONS SLATED-~Second Vice President Afrah today announced
that national and district assembly elections will take place on 31 December
1984, The number of polling stations in the country will be 1,655. [Summary]
[Mogadishu Domestic Service in Somalia 2045 GMT 8 Dec 84 EA]

CULTURAL AGREEMENT WITH PRC--At the headquarters of the Ministry of Culture

and Higher Education in Mogadishu today, the SDR and PRC governments signed

an agreement on cooperation in the fields of culture, education and information.
The agreement, which will officially come into force in 1985-86, provides

for exchange visits of delegations, exchanges of broadcasting information,
exchanges of radio and TV programs, and technical aid. It calls on the two
sides to strengthen cooperation in the exchange of films aimed at enhancing

the interests of the two peoples. The agreement was signed on behalf of the
SDR by the deputy minister of culture and higher education, Fatimah Ahmad ‘Ali,
and the Chinese depulty minister for culture, (Lu Jihanyang) [Excerpt]
(Mogadishu Domestic Service in Somali 1700 GMT 8 Dec 84 EA]

cso: 3403/2

100



BENIN

FRANCE SIGNS HYDRAULIC PROJECT FINANCING AGREEMENT
Cotonou EHUZU in French 1 Nov 84 p 8
Zirticle by I. M. Li7

fiext/ A financing convention involving.a total credit of. Fr. CFA 1,250 mil-
lion was signed yesterday in Cotonou between Benin and France. Signing for
Benin was comrade Hospice Antonio, Minister of Finance and Economy, and for
France M Jacques Besnier, director of the CCCE JGentral Economic Cooperation

Fund/. ss

The funds made available by the CCCE are intended for carrying out the Bour-
gou-Nord hydraulic project, which provides for drilling of 240 wells in the
rural districts of Gogounou, Kandi, Segbana, Banikoara, Karimama, and Malan-
ville in the course of 12 months.

Comrade Hospice Antonio, surrounded by his technical staff, declared at the
close of the signing ceremony that "the People's Republic of Benin appre-
ciates the efforts of the CCCE to stem the tide of misery in our provinces.
He expressed the wish that initiatives by the French financial institution
might multiply in the agricultural and industrial sectors with a view to
"improving the quality of. life for our rural populations."

"

M Besnier, for his part, stressed the constant concern of the CCCE to fur-
ther the economic and social development of the People's Republic of Benin
by taking action in fields given priority status by the government. He in-
dicated that by giving its approval to this project the CCCE wished to res-
pond at the same time to the appeal by the UN, which is designating the
years 1981-1990 as the potable-water decade.

In conclusion, he recalled that the present agreement brings to Fr CFA 13
billion the total sum granted in financing loans to the People's Republic
of Benin by the CCCE in the past 5 years.

Finally, we point out that this CCCE loan is repayable. in 30 years with a
40-year extension. .iy. 03° ot x :

6145
cso: 3419/139

36



He warned that for-
eigners who engage in
bribery would be de-
ported.

On the abuse of duty
free privileges, Mi-
nister Jones said it
is the responsibility
of the National In-
vestment Commission
to monitor the acti-
vities of those who
enjoy business. tax
exemption to ensure
that there is no foul
play.

He cited incidents
of privileged establi-
shments, importing
goods for businesses
and individuals that
are not tax-exempted.

From time to time,
the Finance Ministry
has temporarily frozen
duty. free ppivileges
to curb abuses: of the
system.Minister Jones,
during the interview
yesterday, gave the
impression that this
method has met with
little success.

cso: 3400/315

61



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

ADDITIONAL BPV RECRUITS--Two hundred youths recently enlisted in the
People's Vigilance Brigades’ (BPV) in’ Puri Township, ANGOP has learned from
a document of the Uije Provincial Secretariat of the party youth organi-
zation, JMPLA. ANGOP further ‘learned that another 247 youths belonging

to the peasant youth brigades of the Comandante Jika associations of

Puri Township have complied with party guidelines for national defense

and increased production. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
13 Oct 84 p 3] 12430

NEW HUILA OFFICIALS--Minister of Provincial Coordination Evaristo
Domingos "Kimba", a member of the Political Bureau of the MPLA-Labor
Party, has issued a dispatch naming Eduardo de Jesus to the post of
deputy municipal commissar for Humpata in Huila Province. Eduardo de
Jesus has previously served as deputy municipal commissar for Quilengues,
which will now be filled by Jose Carlos Cambambi, according to another
dispatch from the minister. Also in Huila Province, Isaac Ricardo

has been appointed to the post of deputy municipal commissar of

Caconda. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Oct 84

p 3] 12430

ITALIAN AID--Approximately 1,000 tons of pasta and 100 tons of noodle
products were delivered last week to Angola in a ceremony attended by
the head of the western countries department of the State Secretariat
for Cooperation, Mario Amaral. The aid; delivered over by the first
secretary of the Italian Embassy in Angola, Goerge Vezette, is a
supplement to "food aid 84", granted in fiscal 1983 and ratified at |
the last meeting of the Angolan-Italian joint commission, held in |
December. This past August, some 10,000 tons. of rice were also |
delivered to the Angolan Government. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA
in Portuguese 9 Oct 84 p 2] 12430

CUBAN-ANGOLAN YOUTH MEETING-~In' preparation for the first all-day
rally of friendship and solidarity between Angolan and Cuban youth,

a meeting was held Friday between the second National Secretary of the
JMPLA-Party Youth, Angela Braganca, and the first Secretary of the UJC,
Union of Communist Youth in Angola, Roberto Pavia. Angela Braganca
stated at the meeting that the objective of the planned rally will be

32



also with a view to giving the University the proper role it should play at
this critical juncture of our national life.

There is now no time for witch-hunting and purges. We believe the University,
in its reorganizational drive should steer itself clear out of politics or
political influences. It should help the Liberian people to achieve the
civilian rule process by educating the public. It should hold seminars,
symposia and lecture series on the constitution, the meaning of a multi-
party system, its positive effects, and negative aspects, if any.

The University should place itself in the position to set up political debates
between opposing politicians, create issues for discussions and put the entire
process of constitutional rule above the mundane things politics are seen to

be made of.

We expect the new administration to encourage academic discussions and freedom
of thought so that the institution may continue to play a significant role in
the social, academic and political life of the nation.

This is the role we see for the University and this can only be done if the
University itself remains broad-minded and engages in fair play in its
reorganizational process.

CsO: 3400/315

64



SOUTH AFRICA

HELEN SUZMAN'S STATEMENTS IN U.S. CRITICIZED
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 12 Nov 84 p 10
[Editorial: “Oh No, Helen!"]

[Text] There are those in America, such as the Solarz's, who want to hurt
South Africa economically in a crude way. Others, such as the Sullivans,
do this under the pretext of more honorable motives; specifically, that they
are exerting economic pressure in the interests of black South Africans.

In the end, coercive economic measures will, if they succeed, all lead to a
weakening of South Africa, regardless of intention--and a weakened South
Africa will more easily fall prey to the forces of chaos.

That pedantic or hostile Yanks are not worried about sucha result is
understandable. It will not be their problem if it happens.

What is entirely incomprehensible, however, is that South Africans such as
Mrs Helen Suzman see their way clear to idle chat which can do nothing but
strengthen the Yanks in their mischief. Recently again she said in an inter-
view in America that the South African government should not think that the
reelection of President Reagan will mean the end of the divestiture campaign--
and she in fact expects that it will be intensified.

Anti-South African Yanks can easily conclude from such statements that a
prominent politician such as Mrs Suzman acknowledges as it were that the
Americans have good reason to apply economic coercion to the South African
government and people--if it is not in fact welcomed. In this way, that
which the Yanks may see as a supposed South African desire can éasily become
the source of American thinking.

Hopefully Mrs Suzman can be persuaded in the future to hold her tongue before
she, together with the Tutus and Boesaks, gives hostile foreign countries the
impression that they are fighting the good fight against South Africa~-while
all along they are simply trying to bring the country to its knees.

12271
cso: 3401/14

101



EAST BLOC ACTIVITIES REPORTED IN ETHIOPIA

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITING' in German 30 oct 84 § p 2 ist
[Text] Frankfurt. Ethiopia is the focus of écotiomic activity iin:
Africa by Eastern bloc countries. ‘The GDR is helping to develop
industry, agriculture, and the public health service system in’ ».
Ethiopia. At the beginning of October! 1984, the GDR and Ethiopia signed «
an agreement whereby the GDR promised to provide’ further: assistance'to “i
Ethiopia to industrialize the country and to achieve the new Ethiopian
ten year plan (1984-1994), The Soviet Union ‘has’ undertaken’ the ‘con* ‘
struction of a large retaining dam with an’ adjoining power. plant and! ::
has promised further development aid: Eveh, Hungary Czechoslovakia;
and Cuba have become active in Ethiopia. near ya . °

In September 1984 a cehent works having a 1000 ton daily capacity” was:
officially dedicated in Mugher,:which is about.100 km west of Addis
Ababa. The cement factory has been built by the GDR through the "Ernst
Thaelmann" heavy machinery collective combine,’ VEB [SKET]¥ Magdeburg, :
and its subsidiary, the Dessau 'Cement ‘Construction Works VEB. eat ie

The electrotechnical plants of “the ceatral: control station’ were produéed
by the Electrical Project and Construction Works 'VEB, Berliti+Marzahn.”?
Cuban workers have been helping in the ‘construction of. the cement: factory.’
To finance these projects the GDR approved ‘credit in thé amount: of “50°: !:
million birr (1.birr =-about’1.35 DM).°?SKET has‘also“undertaken the!
construction of a large cooking oil factory’ in Bahr. Dar‘on Lake ‘Tana.="

In Combolcha in Wollo, the north east province of: Ethiopia,: a’ major’ *:

textile factory has recently begun production. The combine; Textiles #2260!
Collective Combine VEB, was the main contractor for its construction.
The textile factory which will process up to'7,000 tons of Ethiopian’ ‘
cotton annually will create about 3,500 new jobs. Oncé completed; :!
the factory should be able to produce 20 million _ Sanare meters of fabric 4 |

annually. gE

The GDR has delivered several state farm tractors and plows for. the:
cultivation of arable land. The machines are’ produced:by the ;
“Furtschritt" Agricultural Machine Combine *VEB} Neustadt (Sachsen).

In addition, E512 harvest combines produced by the Singwitz company ‘

42



Replying to the FAO representative, the secretary general of Niamey prefecture
stressed the importance of the program for “support to organizations for
marketing of grain stocks,” which was the product of the joint effort of Niger
and the Netherlands and began operation in September 1982. The program will
last 4 years and will cost 600 million CFA francs. For the phase carried out,
cost of facilities construction and salaries for training of cooperative
personnel will be almost 113 million CFA francs.

He stressed that increasing the storage capacity of cooperatives, improving
qualifications of personnel of the organizations handling rural training, and
improving the management of OPVN, will all be moving in the direction of Brig
Gen Seyni Kountche's constant concern to improve agricultural production to
attain food self-sufficiency. He added that no matter whether agricultural
production is high or low, these storehouses are a definite asset, because not
only will they make it possible to store the agricultural inputs that are
used more and more in intensive farming and protect them from the elements for
better efficiency, but will also enable protection of the grain supplies,
which are vulnerable, damageable and destructible by natural weather or human
factors. .

Our cooperative members, in future better instructed, trained, and with
supervisory skills for the battle against hunger, will use this equipment to
good purpose, the speaker concluded.

9920
CSO: 3419/152

84



discontent and the feeling of social injustice, thus undeniably eroding the
indispensable cohesion of nations.

Population Growth

The founder of polemology, Gaston Bouthoul, felt that wars sometimes occur
sporadically as a spontaneous reflex action by the group affected by a popula-
tion imbalance that jeopardizes its existence. Agreeing in a way with the
French philosopher Bergson, who said that "in reality, people fight to maintain
a certain standard of living below which they believe that life would no longer
be worth living," Gaston Bouthoul suggests preventive action in connection with
population changes to prevent war, which is an inhumane and destructive "demo-
graphic relaxation." It is a point of view well worth reflecting on.

In any event, Africa's annual rate of population growth is on the order of 2.8
percent--much higher than that of other continents. Considering that popula-
tion on this continent is poorly distributed and insufficiently organized,
there is reason to fear the consequences of the hard-to-control population
movements across permeable frontiers that have already caused miniconflicts
between states here and there. In addition to the fact that some countries on
the continent are coming closer and closer to the critical threshold of over-
crowding, with everything that can mean in the way of waves of migration to
bordering countries, it is all the more important to master the population
phenomenon in that some of those countries, being better off economically than
the others, are poles of attraction. And since those arriving often swell the
ranks of the unemployed or of those doing unskilled work, the mirage often ends
in idleness, the mother of all vices.

Mass Information and Freedom of Expression

Generally speaking, everyone knows that regardless of regime, people are the
sole concern of those in political power. So much so that to parody freely
what General De Gaulle said about the conduct of war, one could say concerning
democracy that except for a few basic humanitarian principles, there is nothing
but people and leaders. No panacea.

People generally agree in mentioning mass information and freedom of expression
as being among those basic humanitarian principles, all of which work together
to broaden the foundations of the national consensus that Africa's political
regimes pursue or seem to pursue. But consensus--agreement on the conduct of
affairs by the states--cannot be achieved when desired unless domestic public
opinion is a fully active partner--that is, informed as widely and quickly as
possible and then given as much latitude as possible to express itself freely.
It is all the more necessary-~indeed easier--to achieve this in Africa in that
because of the low literacy rate and the limited interest in reading on the
continent, overall public opinion within the countries is often limited to the
narrow confines of the intelligentsia.

In that context, information comes partly, and primarily, from the country's
political authorities and partly from its political parties. The former ad-
dress themselves to the population as a whole, whereas each of the latter



Future Political Structure 51
Rural Banking Program Expansion 51
Customs Officials Military Training 51
WARDA Tractor Donation 52
Details on Wage Raise 52
LIBERIA
U.S. Posture on Namibia Viewed as Obstructionist
(Editorial; DAILY OBSERVER, 22 Oct 84)... 53
Israeli Firm To Finance LTPC Rehabilitation Program
(NEW LIBERIAN, 30 Oct 84).. 55
SECOM, Political Parties Urged To Exercise Restraint
(Editorial; DAILY OBSERVER, 12 Nov 84). sececececeeeees 56

Lamco, Seamen Dispute Buchanan Port; Court Action Threatened
(McGill S. Borbor; DAILY OBSERVER, 13 Nov BA) ececececceeeee 58

Jones Attributes Sagging Economy to Tax Evasion, Corruption
(Sam H. Johnson; NEW LIBERIAN, 19 Oct 84)...+-eseeeeeeeeres 60

Sawyer Accused of Indifference to Students' Sacrifices
(NEW LIBERIAN, 2 Nov 84).

cece cceecctecceccesescsees 62

'Fair Play' Urged in University Reorganization
(Editorial; DAILY OBSERVER, 9 Nov BA) cee eec ccc eceeceeeccees 63

MOZAMBIQUE

Status of Maritime-River Fleet Reported
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 6 Nov 84)....eeeseeseeeecereereeeces 65

Improvements in Nacala Port Facilities Under Way ©

(DIARLO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 8 Nov 84)..sscseseseeteeeceeeeree 66

Fish Production for Domestic Consumption Being Pushed
(Jonas Cossa; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 17 Nov BA) ccceececeeeee 68

NIGER

1985 General, Investment Budgets Analyzed
(LE SAHEL, 8, 9 Oct B4)..-seeeececescerseeecsseerereserees 71

General Budget Presentation
Investment Budget .
IMF 'Bitter Pills', by Aboubacar Kio Koudize

FAO, Netherlands Donate Foodstuffs Storage Facilities

(LE SAHEL, 22 Oct 84)....+.- seceeeeeecees 83



BURUNDI

PROGRESS ON RWEGURA HYDROELECTRIC PLANT PROJECT
Bujumbura LE RENOUVEAU DU BURUNDI in French 31 Oct 84 pp 1-2

[Article by Serge Gahungu]
N

[Text] The energy-independence of our country is no longer a dream. The
speed with which construction work is proceeding on the Rwegura hydroelec-
tric plant--with a power ouptput of 18 MW [megawatts]--is proof of this.

An observer dropping in on the work site and hearing it said the civil
engineering work~-~under contract with the STRABAG [expansion unknown] com-
pany--is very well along should not. be surprised, especially if he learns
that construction is proceeding on the basis of a 24-hour workday.

The construction of this hydroelectric power plant on the Kitenge River is
“a major project, on which "the work started in July 1983 will be completed,
in accordance with current projections, in September 1986," it was indicated
by the manager of the project, Mr Anatole Kanyenkiko, an engineer with the
REGIDESO [Water and Power Distribution Administration]. Thé project is pro-
ceeding on the basis’ of: several contracts covering: Civil engineering work,
the electrical and mechanical portion of the project, the sluice system and
the penstock. ‘

The backfill of the dam is 25-percent complete, Mr Kanyenkiko indicated.
Actually, the deviation of the river, for the construction of the rock-fill
dam, “was completed in March 1984. The river now flows into a sluiceway
(already operational sincé March 1984), which is a tunnel 318 meters long
and 2:4 meters in diameter.

The next work tackled and completed in August: 1984 was the excavation
(earthwork) for the dam, Work for the spillway (a tunnel that will be able
to evacuate up to 40 cubic meters per second under flood conditions), is
almost’ completed (110 meters of 120 meters of work involved have been com-
pleted). ‘ The reservoir will cover an area of approximately 2.6 square kilo-
meters; the total capacity of the“reservoir will be about 24 million cubic
meters of water.

The trench for the intake duct, which will be 2,400 meters long and 2.40

meters in diameter, has been excavated over a length of 1,900 meters. The
coffer and concrete work will begin very shortly.

39



The fishing representative of the GDR explained to” us that everything was”
taken-into account in the plan for the fishing project.’ Thus .the undertaking
was provided with a freezer plant intended to serve the vessels, located ‘in
one of the PESCOM warehouses in Munhava: It is'now fully operational,’ follow-
ing repairs dictated by operational failures’ which ‘occiirred during testing.

It will be recalled that the two vessels carry. experts with long experience-in
fishing. Some of them have already worked, in Cuba and Mauritius, among other
tropical countries, not‘ to mention theit country ‘of origin, | which Suggests that
they will have no-difficilty’ “fitting in, '

5157 are
C80: 3442/91

70



Now as the current crisis situation clearly reveals, the basic economic data
are difficult to stabilize over a more or less long period of time, because
of the unforeseeable and sometimes profound changes which occur.

Planning, and more specifically programming, should as a result involve
sufficient flexibility to allow the necessary adjustments.

This is the goal of the flexible programming based on a 3-year programming
document,” accompanied each year by an investment budget.

This method makes it possible to follow the implementation of a plan with
both flexibility for adjustment and the strict administration required.

Now let us turn to the 1984-1985 investment budget.

The 1985 investment budget is balanced in terms of income and expenditures at
69,560,629,000 francs.

Its resources come from:

--The general budget, with an allocation of 6 billion francs;

--Sums drawn from loans totaling 33,179,488,000 francs; and
~-Nonreimbursable aid in the amount of 30,381,141,000 francs.

Let us recall that in the course of the 1983 fiscal period, the state allo-
cated resources totaling 48,480,000,000 francs to investments. The distri-
bution was as follows: . .

--National Investment Fund--8,950,000,000 francs;

~-Sums drawn from loans--22,800,000,000 francs; and

--Nonreimbursable aid-~16,730,000,000 francs.

In 1984, allocations totaling 52,020,000,000 francs were made for investment,
from the following sources:

--National Investment Fund--7 billion francs;

~~Sums drawn from loans--26,670,000,000 francs; and

~-Nonreimbursable aid--18,350,000 francs.

These figures (48 billion in 1983, 52 billion in 1984 and 69 billion in 1985)
provide significant evidence of the determination of the state to maintain a

certain level of activity, and even to begin to launch economic growth again.

With regard to expenditures the distribution by program is as follows:

79



Neeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eee

084133
JPRS-SSA-85-001

4 January 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Reproduced From |
Best Available Copy

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved for Public Release { 999 { ? { 3 ( l 9

Distribution Unlimited

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY .

NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



"If Coloreds reject group territories, how can the HNP still think that they
want a homeland?" asked Mr Marais.

Mr Arthur Booysen, leader of the Freedom Party, said his party rejects the idea
of a homeland for Coloreds, and apartheid measures.

“We do not even discuss it or speak about it. South Africa is our country and
we claim the right to live and move about in any part of South Africa."

12494
CSO: 3401/42

105



Oil Drilling Prospects 33

Country Joins IFAD 34
Czechoslovwk Women Congratulate OMA 34
Economic Cooperation With Yugoslavia 35
BENIN
France Signs Hydraulic Project Financing Agreement
(EHUZU, 1 Nov 84)....... eoeee
Briefs
Libyan Envoy on Chad 37
Norwegian Petroleum Cooperation 37
Algerian Rice Donation 38
Chinese Medical Aid ‘ 38
Libyan Television Industry Gift 38
BURUNDI
Progress on Rwegura Hydroelectric Plant Project
(Serge Gahungu; LE RENOUVEAU DU BURUNDI, 31 Oct 84)..
CAPE VERDE
Briefs : ,
Aid From Students Abroad 4l
ETHIOPIA
East Bloc Activities Reported. in Ethiopia
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG, 30 Oct 84)......20eeeee0e an eeneceeeees 42
GABON
Technical Cooperation Agreement Signed With Brazil
(Neltohs; L'UNION, 28 Sep 84)...ccsccceccesccvcccvcceeccee wee 44
GHANA

Teacher Recruitment for Libya Discussed

(Ayikwei Armah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 16 Oct 84).. .47 l
Labor, Social Welfare Secretary: TUC's Demand Not Justifiable |

(Akwele Ajavon; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 10 Nov 84)......... ~ 49 !
Briefs

Hungarian Gift to PSWU 50

Netherlands Cottage Industries Grant 50

Estimated Diamond Earnings 50

Togo-Bound Contraband Intercepted 50



SOUTH ‘AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON BLACK TRADE UNIONS, STRIKES . ou h ust oe
+ RAPPORT Discusses Strike ~ ;
Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 11 Nov 84 p 14

[Editorial: "Strike"]

{Text], The strike by black workers, especially on the Witwatersrand, is not
merely a passing incident. It is turning into a strategy for protest that
could have very serious consequences.

Analysts of the situation point out that this ds not a protest to force nego-
tiation on identifiable problems, but rather that it is stimulating defiant
agitation against order and authority.

It is an exercise “in methods of paralyzing the ‘ational economy.

It is a challenge to the state to take action, in order to then try to gain
world sympathy as martyrs.

It is an attempt to hamper the government to such an extent that the image of
instability in South Africa is intensified. «+

It intends to generate confrontation and conflict, which, is bound to, result
in violence and counterviolence. . boca

It. is in addition coupled. with a great amount: of intimidation. The agitators
are clearly radical, and. they are misusing the ordinary worker to create an
atmosphere of revolution. . _

Attitude

Against this background, it is unthinkable that the state will not strike
back with great force. it is after.all the function of a constitutional .
state to maintain law and order so that all facets of society can ‘function

freely.

All members of all groups demand that the state check ‘disruptions. - The ordi-
nary black worker is entitled to protection of his freedom of movement and
freedom of labor. - ~ :

106



of the countries in the region, leading us to believe that they are part of
an overall strategic plan with very board goals.

Terrorist acts against civilian populations, the sabotage of main transporta-
tion routes, ports, electrical power plants, fuel stores and transport vehicles,
armed attacks on military objectives and disinformation campaigns could only be
the first phase of such a plan, designed to weaken the established state and,
through such military and political pressure, to force all of the neighboring
countries to accept a modus vivendi, thus establishing a national security belt
around South Africa.

It is logical to conclude that after overwhelming its adversaries with military
superiority, the next step to’ be taken by the regime in Pretoria will be the
elimination of diplomatic isolation and expansion of the economic, tehcnical
and scientific links and trade transcactions, which would extend from firm
foundations in the southern region to the whole continent, eliminating the
competition from Western Europe and the United States of America. Only the
puppet governments in South Africa would be allowed into this somber picture.

To summarize, Mr President, an analysis of the situation leads us to the conclu-
sion that the regime in Pretoria is seeking to perpetuate apartheid and to exer-
cise political, military, economic and social domination over the southern
region, with an expansionist eye on the entire continent.

Mr President:

I think that this strategy would be feasible if the foundations of the struggle
against apartheid were not to be found within South Africa itself. The apart~
heid system itself is such as to give rise to acute antagonistic contradictions,
placing all of the oppressed on one side in opposition to the dominant class.
Under these circumstances, superficial constitutional amendments can never be
the remedy for the mass struggle all of the oppressed and exploited South
African people are waging within South Africa. It is profound changes within
the political system which the situation requires if democracy, racial harmony,
social justice and peace are to be established. The resolution of the problem
of apartheid will liberate the world from the threat posed by a dangerous focus
of tension.

It is important, then, to know what Africa and our organization will do to
support this heroic struggle, led on the highest level by the ANC, representa~
tives of which are here in this august assembly. The importance of this organ~
ization to mankind is so obvious that it has already been reiterated a number
of times and in various ways. Angola has always evidenced its solidarity with
the struggle of the brotherly poeple of South Africa being waged by the ANC.

Angola also continues firmly to express its solidarity with the struggle of the
Namibian people under the leadership of the SWAPO, and it is not only making
vast sacrifices for the cause of this struggle, but also is consistently
dedicated to the search for ways of eliminating the hindrances to the applica-
tion of United Nations Security Council Resolution No 435 to the impasse which
exists. Within this context, it has made an effort to contribute to peace.in

27



REUNION

STATEMENTS ,, COMMENTS AFTER STUDENT UNREST
Verges Backs Student Demonstrations

Saint-Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 8 Nov 84 p'2

[Article signed E.0.: "Meeting With Paul Verges at the Port; The Youth
Movement Is an Historical Event, the Full Scope of Which Should Be Realized"

[Text] "It is the future of Reunion that’we have seen
throughout the country," Paul Verges stated in
particular.

The meeting with Paul Verges that took place Tuesday
evening at the Port was chaired by Fabien Lanave, chair-
man of the Reunion Federation of Senior Citizens. In

his intervention, he protested in particular against
police violence and repression. Then, Christiane Maunier,
a student at the vocational school, and Patrick Boitard, a
corJ Corganization Committee to Rally the Young] official,
explained the courage and determination shown by the young.
Speaking on behalf of the municipality, Jean-Yves Langenier
pointed out that they had received active support from the
mayor's office. This materialized at the start of the
movement by the vote of a debate at the Municipal Council.
During his intervention, Paul Verges insisted on the part
played by the young in the country and emphasized in
particular that government officials should have under-
stood the scope of the movement. He then spoke of a
"psychological mistake" of government officials; instead
of offering their support, they either called for repres~
‘sion against the young, or else failed to support them
when it was in their very best interest to do so.

First, after denouncing the part played by the media and the right-wing
press "to stifle the voice of the workers and the young," Paul Verges in-
sisted on the historical importance of the youth movement. "The month of
October 1984 will be remembered in the history of our country," he said.

He then recalled the demographic weight of the young in Reunion where "half
the population is under 20.". "It is the future of Reunion that we saw

86



We must see to it, in particular, that all of the documentation necessary for
the implementation of the program of economic recovery in the long range and
the conception and the drafting of projects are technically well-prepared
where all of the ministries and public and parapublic departments are con-
cerned. The technicians and the cadres on both the central and field levels
must bear this concern constantly in mind.

Success also depends on our total willingness to give priority to methods of
consultation with all. In this connection, the minister delegate for plan-
ning should be able to play his proper role in coordinating all of the activ—
ities of the state in the investment sector. The tools the mechanisms of
which I explained earlier mean that no state investment should be made out-
side the national programming system which has been established.

In order to do this and in order.to present the image of Niger in consistent
fashion, it is necessary that financing agreements be studied, approved and
signed in accordance with the agreed methods. The establishment of a
"financing agreement file" at the Planning Ministry would be an appropriate
means of maintaining an overall view of the public investments we seek.

Consistency in our actions is indispensable if we are to launch growth again.

Since our administrative cadres have always evidenced their determination to
work for the development of Niger, I know that all of them will give my
departments the support needed, because discipline is probably, in this
sector as in so many others, the basic condition for strict implementation,
and thus for success.

IMF 'Bitter Pills'
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 8 Oct 84 p 1
[Commentary by Aboubacar Kio Koudize]

[Text] Within a context of economic crisis, it is surprising that the budget
of a Third World country should show an increase of 7.14 percent.

And yet, this is the miracle just experienced by our country, which has seen
its general budget increased from 80,234,985,000 francs for the 1983-1984
fiscal year to 85,969,085,000 francs for the upcoming budget year.

This conduct, seen at a time when all of the underdeveloped countries are
experiencing an economic recession due to inflation, the high cost of obtain-
ing money (with the dollar spiral, as spectacular as it is scandalous), to
which must be added the international market prices for our raw materials-~
this conduct, we say, cannot be assessed in its just dimensions unless cer~
tain burdens specific to us are taken into account. Not the least of these
is the closing of the frontiers of one of our traditional trade partners.

But despite all of this, our economy is bearing up well, as are our finances.
The proof is the budget increase seen this year at a time when the interna-
tional economic situation is not favorable to it. Should the hand of the

81



Africa's Place in Geopolitics of East and West

Geopolitics--or "political geography," as it was called by Ratzel in 1903~-
refers roughly to the study or simply the awareness of relations between states
or even between social governments forming separate entities as well as to the
means of drawing the best possible advantage or suffering the least possible
damage from those relations. We all know that. We also know that as a science
(which it is), geopolitics is slanted toward the effects of adaptation by states
or groups of states to their geographic environments. It sketches out the rules
of the political game for dealing with the advantages and weaknesses of the
situation as it exists and the possible directions that efforts might take.

Generally speaking, the essential object of geopolitics for a nation-state is
the permanent search for strategic and economic opportunities in that nation-
state's continental and maritime periphery. As a result, two specific relation-
ships are the basic objects of interest:

1. The human phenomenon in relation to the geographic environment.

2. The possibilities offered by the seas in comparison with those offered by
the continents.

It is seen, then, that for a given state, geopolitics always presents constants
and variables. The former have reference to location and territorial utility,
the possibilities for external relations--especially with or by way of the sea--
and the advantages of transit for neighboring countries. The variables, on

the other hand, are related to three pairs of factors: population change and
the possibility of providing sufficient food resources; the potential wealth

in natural resources and energy resources and the ability to exploit those re-
sources; and, lastly, the cultural and spiritual affinities favoring certain
relationships and the politicosocial structures reflecting them.

In the ideologically divided world that we know, geopolitics is meticulously
worked out under the powerful spotlights of East-West relations. The result is
that the following are generally distinguished according to the seriousness of
the threats that might affect a nation's existence:

1. The national sanctuary: the inalienable national territory, the very idea of
whose destruction is unbearable.

2. The glacis or degrees constituted by spaces where the permanent deployment
of larger forces than those usually found there would lead eventually to a
radical threat to the life of the sanctuary through an unbearable modification
of economic and military data.

3. Zones of national interest comprising countries linked to a state by defense
agreements or vital cultural or economic flows, or simply by a similar philo-
sophical approach to the world's political and moral evolution. They also com-
prise the maritime zones crossed by the bulk of a country's merchant traffic.



FUTURE POLITICAL STRUCTURE--THE National Commission for Democracy.is to col-
late, evaluate and synthesize views on the future political structure of Ghana
for presentation to the nation. A statement signed by Col. J. M. Ewa, PNDC
Chief of Staff, said at the week-end that in this assignment which is the
first phase of the NCD's programme of action, its work would be guided by the
declared objectives of the revolution on the concept of democracy relevant to
the participation of the broad majority of the people in the decision-making
process. It will work in such a manner as to pring the rights and responsi-
bilities of the machinery of self-government to’the doorsteps of every Ghana-
ian in a meaningful process of genuine decentralization of the state adminis-
tration. The following persons, under the chairmanship of Mr Justice D..F..
Annan, are members of the National Commission for Democracy: Prof. Nana
Kobina Nketsia, Lt. Col. Christine Debrah, Dr Ayirebi Acquah and’ Mr S. Garba
The Secretary for Local Government, Mr F. A. Jantuah and his Under-Secretary,
Miss Gertrude Zakaria, are ex-officio members. Other persons may be co-opted
by the commission. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 12 Nov 84 p 1]

RURAL BANKING PROGRAM EXPANSION--THE Bank of Ghana has strongly suggested to
the Ministry of Agriculture to consider working out a programme under which
the 96 rural banks in the country can be assisted to grant loans in the form .
of farming tools to small-scale farmers. This arrangement would not only
supplement the efforts of the European Economic Community (EEC) but also save
rural farmers the agony of taking cash loans in spite of which they are not
able to obtain the requisite agricultural tools which the loans are meant for.
Mr Akwasi Akompong, an executive director of the Bank of Ghana, who suggested
this regretted that huge sums of money given out as loans to farmers by the
rural banks in the past were misapplied and therefore stressed the need for a
combination of farming tools and cash advances. He was speaking at the of-
ficial opening of the Asanteman Rural Bank, the 19th in Ashanti and 96th in
the country at Afrancho near Akumadan on Monday. Mr Akompong noted that even
though the EEC has been assisting the rural banks in many. ways including
training and the supply of farming tools to facilitate a rapid expansion of
the rural banking programme, there is the need for local arrangement to ensure
that farmers get from the rural banks all that they need to pursue their farm-
ing activities without any interruption. [Albert Sam] [Excerpt] [Accra
PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 Oct 84 p 1] : ‘

CUSTOMS OFFICIALS MILITARY TRAINING--MILITARY training is to’ be introduced
into the service scheme of customs officers, Mr I. Opoku Ntiamoah, Deputy Con-
troller of the Customs and Excise Department has announced in Sunyani. He
said military training will equip customs officials to discharge their duties
efficiently. In addition it will enable them to defend the country when the
need arises. Mr Ntiamoah was speaking at a passing our ceremony of 18 customs
officials drawn from the Brong-Ahafo and Greater Accra Regions after a four~
week training. He advised officials to be patriotic, nationalistic and dis-
charge their duties with zeal. Mr Ntiamoah expressed the hope that the offi-
cials would work cordially with other military trained personnel at their
various posts to ensure that the resources and revenue of the nation are pro-
tected. He also exhorted them to be more security conscious and be ready to
face any threat which might come their way in the discharge of their duties.
The officials undertook physical training, weapon training and drill during
the period. [C. S. Buabeng] [Excerpt] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in Eng-
lish 26 Oct 84 p 8]

51



hold its constituent assembly there. It is as if, today, PS dissidents
wanted to hold their meeting at the Party headquarters.

To want to unseat Madia Diop is one problem. But it is a quite serious
affair to agree to unleash dangerous and uncontrollable events. Neverthe-
less that is the situation we are heading toward.

For whatever Madia Diop may represent now, he isn't worth that. [Since]
Madia's CNTS had become reluctant to obey certain watchwords and directives
of the Party, the latter is quite free to oust it or disaffiliate it. But
under current circumstances it does not seem tous to be the most appropriate
tactic to impose a test of strength where everyone would ‘be the loser.

Or else, one must believe the CNTS is much stronger than one thought.

9772
csO: 3419/138

93



b) In the investment sector, the program is designed to ensure greater cau~
tion with a view to directing our investments toward the production sectors,
with a view to future returns.

c) In the indebtedness sector, the effort will be oriented to obtaining
financing consistent with our current debt service and our repayment capac~
ity, in order to prevent the state and the nation from succumbing to a
serious financial crisis one day.

d) The public enterprise aspect (in which the positive or negative situation
does not in the relatively short run affect the situation of the state as
such) is designed to improve management in such a way as to reduce the weight
of these enterprises, or, conversely, to raise their contribution to the
level of the effort being made by the national community as a whole. We
cannot insist too much on the solidarity which must govern the actions of
each since they always have effects, in an economy, on the situation of
others.

e) Finally, in the monetary sector, plans call for control of the monetary
mass, which is indispensable if indeed what we are seeking is to master
prices and our balance of payments.

The complex of these measures should contribute to reducing the deficits in

public finances and the balance of payments, bringing them back to a level
consistent with the finaricial means available to us, whether in terms of:

--Bilateral or multilateral cooperation programs;
--The allocations expected from the IMF; or

--The planned reduction of the debt service, for which, it must be recalled,
the IMF program is a prior condition.

Recovery in the field of public finance, as I have already said, represents
one of the prerequisites for the success of this program. It is in this
spirit that the finance law for the year 1985 was approved.

As in preceding years, the finance law for the ‘1985 ‘budget year contains
three parts, as follows:

a) The general budget, estimated this year at 85,969,085,000 francs, includ-
ing an investment budget allocation of 6 billion;

b) The related operational budget for public works equipment, balanced at
1,570,070,000 francs; and

c) The investment budget, in the amount of 69,560,629,000 francs.
This is something new, ‘therefore, because this year the national investment

fund is being replaced by an investment budget which includes within it all
of the investments planned by the state, both from its own resources and from

72.



ro deepen and strengthen the unity and fighting solidarity between the
peoples and youth of Angola and Cuba in the struggle against imperialism,
for peace and social progress. Thus, there will be 80 Angolan and

Cuban young people participating from the national organizations of the
UJC and JMPLA Party Youth. Angela Braganca used the occasion to exhort
all young people to participate actively in solidarity rallies, both at
school and-at work. Roberto Pavia in turn stressed the importance of
the event having expressed solidarity and fighting unity between both
organizations and peoples. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 7 Oct 84 p 2] 12430

SOVIET YOUTH REAFFIRM SUPPORT--Moscow--The First National Secretary of
the Agostinho Neto Pioneers Organization (OPA), Goncalves Muandumba,
expressed his gratitude on Monday in this city for the varied support that
the Lenin Pioneers Organization of the USSR has extended to the OPA.
During his meeting with the president of the Lenin Pioneers organization
of the USSR, as part of his visit to several socialist countries,
opinions were exchanged on collaboration between the respective organiza-
tions, the Soviet official expressing on that occasion the readiness

of the organization he heads to-continue supporting the OPA. The
president of the Lenin Pioneers Organization referred further to the
solidarity of the USSR pioneers toward the Angolan people, especially
the children and Angolan pioneers in the struggle against the work of
internal and external enemies. Goncalves Muandumba also met in Moscow
with the general secretary of USSR youth organizations, during which
they reviewed the relations of friendship and. collaboration existing
between the JMPLA-Party Youth and the Leninist Komsomol. [Text]

[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Oct 84 p 3] 12430

KWANZA SUL COMMISSARS SHIFTED--The Minister of Provincial Coordination,
Evaristo Domingos (Kimba), in various dispatches has shifted several
positions in his ministry. Municipal commissars removed from their
positions were Paulo da Conceicao from Waco-Kungo and Jose Valemtim

dos Santos from Porto Amboim, as well as Mateus Sebastiao from the post
of deputy municipal commissar for Lubango. In other routine appoint-
ments, Paulo da Cunha was named to fill the post of municipal commissar
for Porto Amboim and Andre:Paulino was named deputy municipal. commissar
for Sumbe. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Oct 84

p 3] 12430

OIL DRILLING PROSPECTS--The Angola Oil Services Company (ESPA) should
drill its first well on the Angolan continental shelf in the first
quarter of 1985, if all conditions are met, ANGOP has learned from the
management of Sonangol. Recently created by signature of an agreement
encompassing the Braspetro, Petrofina, and Sonangol companies, “ESPA's
attentions are being focused on the extraction of crude, a productive
activity extending also to financial investments with.a view toward
setting up adequate infrastructures for work of this kind. In this
context, both Braspetro as well as Petrofina and British Petroleum
expect to invest 20 million dollars each in the next three years.

33



hold use, an iron and steel foundry, a wire-drawing mill, a chain factory,
a steel-cable factory, a scrap-iron conversion plant and a screw, nut and
bolt factory.

The Brazilian partners are fully prepared to join with the Gabonese in actu~
alizing these units of transformation. The Banco do Brasil S.A. CADEX (a
Brazilian bank with a subsidiary in Libreville) has agreed to finance these
projects.

Signing of a Memorandum

During its visit, the CEBRAE delegation, headed by Mr Paulo Roberto do
Oliveira Niccolo, who is president of the Brazilian PME- support organization
was granted an interview with the secretary of state for PME's, Mr Emmanuel
Nze Bekale, and shortly thereafter met with the’ top officials ‘of the Gabon~
ese PME~support system.

At this meeting, a memorandum was signed stipulating the framework of this
technical cooperation between the two PME-support systems.

In this memorandum, the parties have agreed to develop “their cooperation in
the realms of training, technical assistance, industrial” cooperation and
exchanges of information.

For the Gabonese, the general manager of the PME organization, Mr Essono
Mengue, points out, the training sector carries the highest priority, com-
mensurate with the real need for technicians, on the part of the PME Depart-
ment and PROMOGABON, to attain their objectives. To this effect, the Gabon-
ese have asked their Brazilian counterparts to study, together with them,
the possibilities of developing cooperation towards the training of the
Gabonese businessmen on thé one hand, and of the Ministry's PME officials
and officials of the PME-aid organizations on the other hand.

Joint Enterprises

In return, industrial cooperation in the PME sector could lead to the crea-
tion of joint enterprises, particularly in the high-priority domains stipu-
lated in the’ 5th Economic “and Social Development Plan~(fishing, ‘lumber in-
dustry, cattle raising, farming, construction and related projects, repair
and maintenance services).

Since the attainment of these principal objectives requi'res first of all a
detailed knowledge of the promotional structures of both countries, the
Gabonese and Brazilians are organizing information and survey missions. Mr
Essono Méngue acknowledges, of course,: that in view of its 12 yéars of
experience and its high standing in Brazil, the’ Brazilian CEBRAE organiza~
tion's contribution to the fledgling structure of. the Gabonese PME's can be
far from negligible.

45



SOUTH AFRICA

FAR RIGHT INFLUENCE SEEN AS BEGINNING TO WANE
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 14 Nov 84 p 14

[article by columnist Dawie: "Action by the Far Right Comes to a Screeching
Halt"/

/Text/ The far-right's attack in the byelections in George, Parrow and Piket-
berg, which had as its main aim getting a foot inside the south's door, has
met up with so much bad luck that it is about to come to a screeching halt.
The alliance of the Conservative Party /KP/ and Reconstituted National Party

‘/ane/ which: had to take the south by a storm fizzled out as a joke which left
the voters laughing.

In George the HNP realized that in one way or another it had to inject new
life into a dying body and decided to bring in help from the north for its two
candidates (parliamentary and provincial). Help from elsewhere is not unusual
in a byelection, but just look at what happened.

It did not take long for the people brought from the north to get involved in
a fist-fight as a result of their action at a National Party meeting...a fight
that was explained away in a most comical manner.

Spineless?

The HNP organizer in the constituency has implied that the Transvaalers are the
“offsprings of fighting forefathers" and therefore they are "more aggressive"
than the Capelanders, so he assumes that the Transvaalers “Will take less abuse."
If they are put in a tough spot one can only expect them to go into action.

What an excuse! This comes down to saying that the Transvaalers are energetic
and full of fire, while the Capelanders are spineless, know nothing about
arguing and fighting and do not feel strong about their convictions.

If these imported workers "take less" this means that the Capelanders are more
willing to allow themselves to be stepped on and they can easily be made to
swallow anything.

Did the HNP spokesman ever give thought to fact that on the one hand we are
dealing with a highhanded attitude and civilized actions on the other?

114



GHANA

1 BRIEFS

HUNGARIAN GIFT TO PSWU--The Hungarian Union of .Civil and Public Servants yes-
terday presented a quantity.of sports and photographic equipment worth about
10,000 dollars.to the Public: Services Workers Union of the Trades Union
Congress (TUC) in Accra. The equipment include six sets of jerseys, 30 pairs
of hose, canvas. shoes, three footballs,’ three volleyballs, football boots, a
typewriter, duplicating machine, a.set of photographic equipment and a quan-
tity..of assorted books..:Mr Lajos Bozi,.Hungarian Ambassador in Ghana presen-
ted the items on behalf:of-the union while Mr K. Opare Ababio, general secre-
tary of PSWU received them,::, [Excerpt] [Accra PEOPLE'S .DAILY GRAPHIC in
English 26 Oct 84 p..8] 5. colo : .

NETHERLANDS COTTAGE INDUSTRIES GRANT-~THE Dutch Government has given a

£26 ,602,500 (665,000 dollar); grant through the International Labour Organisa-
tion (ILO) »to the, National Council on,Women and’ Development (NCWD) for the
establishment of cottage:industries on co-operative basis. Under a programme
code-named "Technology For :RuralWomen", 14 centres for processing gari, palm
and..coconut. oil, soap.making, charcoal production and fish farming, managed by
rural women have.been establishedthroughout the country. [Excerpt] [Accra
PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC; in English 1. Nov 84 p §1

ESTIMATED DIAMOND EARNINGS-~GHANA expects to earn about 5.4 million dollars
from 670,000 carats of:rough diamonds which will be exported by the Diamond
Marketing Corporation (DMC) from next year's production projections. Produc-
tion of 180,000 carats of rough diamonds from mid-September to December 31
this year will also earn the:nation'1.2:million dollars. ‘These were disclosed
by Mr.K. A. Quansah;Managing' Director of the Diamond Marketing Corporation in
an interview with the Graphic yesterday. The Managing Director said Ghana
Consolidated ‘Diamonds: produces, 95..per.cent of rough diamonds for DMC while
Local Diamond Winners also: produce five per cent of it. [Kate Baaba Hudson]
(Excerpt) [Acera ‘PEOPLE'S. DAILY. GRAPHIC in English 14 Nov 84 pp 1, 4]

TOGO- ~BOUND CONTRABAND INTERCEPTED--ABOUT ¢1.5°million worth of goods allegedly
being smuggled to Togo were.intercepted at Akpokofe.in the Volta Region at the
week-end. The goods included:120 cartons of matchets, 60 pieces of assorted
plywood, 32 maxi bags of cola-nuts and scantlings. The goods which were hid-
den under a heap of .firewood:were discovered when Border Guards, People's
Militia and the Police intercepted the vehicle carrying them. Meanwhile, the
driver of the: vehicle, Abdul Rahmani, is in military custody pending investi-
gation. [Text] [Accra’ PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 15 Oct 84 p 5]

50



With regard to the Techno-Metal mission, the general manager of the PME De-
partment referred to the possibility of assisting the Gabonese businessmen
to actualize these projects, the preliminary studies for which were financed
by the Brazilian Government. ‘He stipulated, however, that these projects
would have to conform to the January 1981 law governing the Gabonese PME's,

For the Brazilians, Mr Mauricio Kaufman stated that the businessmen of his
country are prepared to join together with the Gabonese to create joint
enterprises for the conversion of metals into locally usable products.
These units, he said, would be based on a simplified technology suited to
the country. "Before reaching this conclusion," he explained, "we studied
the Gabonese market and found that in ‘certain domains of the metallurgical
sector, the demand is still strong, namely, the forging of farm tools, of
manual tools for industrial and household use, a steel-cable factory anda
chain factory." :

In conclusion,’ Mr. Kaufman stated that, since the Brazilian bank CADEX has

already agreed to finance these projects, the only remaining requirement for
the concretizing of these projects is the Gabonese Government's guarantee.

9399
CSO: 3419/121

46



2. Expenditures

Like income, this total comes to 85,969,085,000 francs, including cle
21,833,000,000 francs allocated for repayment of the public debt. As in the
preceding year, plans for this year also call for the rescheduling of our
debt, and the figure mentioned is based on the results we hope will be
achieved.

This figure, which is up 26.76 percent over the 1984 figure, is more the
result of the monetary fluctuations we have experienced than a-real increase
in our commitments. oe

Personnel costs are up 550,937,000 francs, or only 2.13 percent. This’
reflects the desire of the government to limit these supposedly irreduceable
costs to what is strictly necessary, by slowing the hiring of assistants, and
allowing hiring only of the planned personnel.

This increase is easily justified in terms of the hiring of the planned
personnel and the normal promotion of those already employed. Expenditures
on equipment show a particularly large increase, from 12,798,900,000 francs
to 14,247,163,000 francs, or 11.31 percent. This increase is the result of
the updating of the credit allocated to actual consumption of water, elec-
tricity and telephone services. Practically all of the remaining credits
have been extended, if not revised downward, a sign of the caution which
should characterize our administration. Transportation credits were also
extended overall (increase of +0.16 percent). The allocations made for hous-
ing expenditures (leasing, maintenance) show a slight increase of 73,860,000
francs in comparison to 1984, because the needs of certain state administra-
tions for premises have been taken into account.

Third-party credit shows a slight decline of 4.80 percent.
III. The Investment Budget

This budget is balanced in income and expenditures at 69,560,629,000 francs,
of which 6 million francs is a general budget allocation. .

The balance of the income is derived from various sources pertaining to loans
and nonreimbursable aid, in the amount of 33,179,488,000 francs for the for=
mer and an amount of 30,381,141,000 francs for the latter.

I should not conclude this explanation without appealing, as usual, to the
civic spirit and self-sacrifice of each citizen, so that this ‘budget can be
executed under the best conditions, for the pursuit of our. development effort
depends thereon.

If this budget, which is a collective project both in terms of its drafting
and implementation, asks of all a continuous effort, it is designed above all
to safeguard the future. There can be no doubt that it is upon our determi-
nation and serious effort to deal with the problems facing us that the con-
cern of our partners, who are already aware of the achievements to date, will

75



NIGER

BRIEFS

FRENCH PHOTO LAB EQUIPMENT--The cultural counsellor of the French Embassy in
Niger, Christian Bouquet, yesterday turned over a gift of photo equipment to
the National Museum. This equipment, a complete photographic laboratory, has
an estimated value of 300,000 francs. [Excerpt] [Niamey LE SAHEL in French
16 Oct 84 p 2] 9920

FRENCH WHEAT DONATION--The secretary general of the Ministry of Rural
Development yesterday morning received 104 tons of wheat, part of the French
seed contribution in the framework of the government's off-season crops
operation. The air transport was paid by the European Development Fund (EDF).
[Text] [Niamey LE SAHEL in French 14 Nov 84 p 1] 9920 L

CSO: 3419/152

85



Excavation work for the surge tank (a tower 77 meters deep and 3 meters in
diameter) is finished. ©

The contract for the penstock (length 1,984 meters) and the valves was
awarded to NEYRPIC [expansion unknown], a French enterprise, in April 1983.
The valves are still being manufactured; the steel tubing, however, is due
to arrive any moment. Assembly of the penstock will commence around the
beginning of 1985. STRABAG is already preparing the access roads to the
penstock and is at the same time scraping and leveling the ground at the
site for the latter.

STRABAG is presently preparing the platform for the generating plant (the
power station). The contract for the furnishing and installation of the
electrical and mechanical equipment was awarded to the VOITHSCHORSCH [expan~
sion unknown] group. Design work has already peen completed, and procure-
ment of materials is under way for the start of its fabrication.

As an adjunct to the "Rwegura Project," it is planned to build two trans~
mission lines: Rwégura~Bujumbura and Rwegura-Kayanza-Ngozi. The contract
for the first of these was awarded to the GTME {expansion unknown] company
in June 1984; 80 percent of the equipment is now on site and 40 pylons have
already been installed. The line will be some 53 kilometers long and will
operate at 110 kilovolts. It will be ready in July 1985. Part of the
equipment for the second line has arrived; assembly work will begin in Janu-
ary 1985 and will be completed by the end of the same year. This will be

a 30-kilovolt line; it will be installed by REGIDESO. .

Financing, Mr Kanyenkiko said, will be provided by the KFW [expansion un-
known] of the ADB [African Development Bank], by the Kuwaiti Fund, by the
EDF {European Development Fund], by the CCCE [Central Fund for Economic
Cooperation] and by the Burundi Government.

The construction of the Rwegura hydroelectric power plant is a major pro-
ject; its total work site covers a distance of around 15 kilometers. The
first section of this project~-which is being built by STRABAG-~employs 45
expatriate personnel, 350 local laborers, 10 national project management
employees and 10 expatriate project management employees. The organization
of the work allows this personnel to work assiduously 24 hours a day and
under good workplace conditions.

9399 se
CSO: 3419/121 as

40



SOUTH AFRICA

REQUEST BY AV FOR AFFILIATION WITH FAK TO BE CONSIDERED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 12 Nov 84 pp 1, 2

[Text] A request from Professor Carel Boshoff of the Afrikaner National
Guard [AV] for affiliation with the Federation of Afrikaner Cultural
Associations [FAK] will be very carefully considered because of the
political color that the movement has, according to Professor Gawie
Cillie, chairman of the executive committee of the FAK.

At its first annual meeting in Hartbeespoort the AV decided to try
to affiliate with the FAK because schools will not accommodate the AV
without FAK affiliation.

Change

"We are going to consider it very carefully because of its implications,"
Professor Cillie said yesterday in Stellenbosch.

He said it is clear from the factions in the AV that the movement "was
conceived and born in politics." It originated when a group of people
refused to abide by the results of last year's November 2 referendum.

"The group apparently sees no possibility of promoting the Afrikaans
language and culture within the. framework of the new political
dispensation, and it is therefore their opinion that the dispen-
sation must be changed.

"In my opinion it is a purely political matter, and I do not think it
is appropriate for a cultural organization to become involved in it."

Professor Cillie said, if "we want. to concern ourselves with purely
cultural matters -- and this is what we try to do in the FAK -- we
have to accept the dispensation in which we find ourselves, whether we
agree with the results of the referendum or not, and seek means of
promoting culture within that dispensation."

The FAK aims to be a cultural organization within which Afrikaners of
various political convictions can feel at home. "We had succeeded at
that until the question of the National Guard was raised."

110



JPRS-SSA- 85-001

4 January 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER~AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Warlike Situations in African Society Analyzed
(Camille Nkoa Atenga; LE MOIS EN AFRIQUE, Jun-Jul 84)...... 1

ANGOLA

Savimbi Says Angolans Deceiving U.S. on Cubans’ Departure.

(Thinus Prinsloo; BEELD, 12 Nov 84)...s.eeeeeescoee 15
Soviet Comminist: Party Delegation Visit

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, various dates).... 18

Arrival in Luanda

Schedule of Activities

Departure of Soviet Delegation
Dos Santos Sends Message to Chernenko

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 10 Nov 84)....-.++.-4- a ecceceeeceeeceseee 20
Clemency Granted to 40 Former UNITA Members in Huila

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Nov 84)....-seeeee sceeeecceeseereceee 21
President Addresses oAU Summit Meeting

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 14 Nov 84)....-+eeeeeee 23
Workshops With GDR in Makarenko

(0. Bento; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 15 Nov 84)... -- 30
Briefs

Additional BPV Recruits 32

New Huila Officials 32

Italian Aid 32

Cuban-Angolan Youth Meeting 32

Soviet Youth Reaffirm Support 33

Kwanza Sul Commissars Shifted 33

-ae- (III - NE & A - 120]



SOUTH AFRICA

APPOINIMENTS, PROMOTION OF COLOREDS IN GOVERNMENT SERVICE DISCUSSED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans, 2 Nov 84 p 15

[Text] An announcement on the appointment and promotion of Coloreds in senior
positions in the government service is expected shortly, Rev Allan Hendrickse,
Chairman of the Cabinet Council of the Council of Representatives, said yesterday.

This follows on meetings ‘which the Cabinet Council held with ‘Mr F W de’Klerk.
Minister for Internal. Affairs, and Mr Chris Heunis, Minister of Political Develop-
ment and Planning.

Rev Hendrickse said yesterday ‘his Cabinet Council discussed last month, at some
depth, with the ministers concerned, the question of the appointment and pro-
motion of Coloreds in government service, especially those in senior positions. °

“We recognize that backward position'is not a result of one's own choice, ‘but’ is
due to circumstances. However much we accept the systemof promotion through

merit, we also believe in “affirmative action,’ as it is practiced in América," :-?
Rev Hendrickse said. Coie La weet ae Baa

According to Rev Hendrickse, ‘affirmative action' isa purposeful, positive measure
which must be applied in order that Coloreds be appointed to executive positions in
government. service. poe : : ‘

"The Cabinet Council holds the view that there are'plenty of Coloreds who could ‘be
appointed to senior positions based onmerit, and through the application of "af-
firmative action.’ M _ ne oe

It is acknowledged that the Commission for Administration, which makes appoint~

ments and. promotes employees in* government service, cofisists solely of whtes. If
a system of ‘affirmative action’ is introduced, the Commission will be carefully
scrutinized. eo aE SD : ws ie o ite via
"For example, the Commission for Administration could easily be viewed as-a body’
which only furthers the interests of whites.
"Tt must be borne in mind that four times as many opportunities for promotions exist
for whites, as exist for Coloreds. While whites canbe promoted in black affairs,

Indian affairs, white affairs and Colored affairs, Coloreds are limited to one group."

12494 vin ES
CSO: 3401/42 .

103



LIBERIA

‘FAIR PLAY' URGED IN UNIVERSITY REORGANIZATION
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 9 Nov 84 p 4
[Editorial: "The University's Role"]

[Text] In an effort to get the University of Liberia back in operation, the
new team of administrators appointed by the Head of State has been carrying
out the tedious task of assessing damage, appraising available teaching

materials, and, in the words of one administrator, "streamlining" the staff.

As these exercises go on, students and parents in the community are watching
events closely and wondering just when the University will be reopened.

Considering the damage which was done materially, administratively, morally
and psychologically, it is generally acknowledged that the task at hand is
not an easy one. It seems that an entire reorganization process is going on.

This process is all the more difficult in the absence of a Board of Trustees.
Nevertheless, we expect that the new administrators are peing guided by the
University Charter so that in whatever direction they may steer the institu-
tion, this may be sanctioned by the Charter. Anything to the contrary would
create problems for the future. ‘

In the process of "streamlining" the staff, it has been reported that a num-
ber of teachers or staff members have been dropped or may be placed on proba-
tion while their activities and movements are closely watched.

What criteria were used to replace them is not known; however, the University
of Liberia is an academic institution and politics or shades of political
opinions should not serve as a criteria for employment there.

The new administration has a task of not only putting together the pieces
which were broken on August 22, but it owes unto itself a duty of establish-
ing credibility unto itself. That credibility will be reflected in the type
of scholars they retain on the campus; the rapport it can develop with staff
members, students and the community. ,

We expect that the "streamlining" being done is not only in the interest of
promoting and achieving academic excellence and discipline on the campus, ‘but

63



GHANA

LABOR, SOCIAL WELFARE SECRETARY: TUC'S DEMAND NOT JUSTIFIABLE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 10 Nov 84 pp 1, 4, 5
[Article by Akwele Ajavon]

[Excerpt] THE Labour and Social Welfare Secretary, Mr Ato Austin, has said
that the recent demand by the TUC for a change in the PNDC's economic policy
is unjustifiable.

"The TUC has dealt very unfairly with the government's Economic Recovery Pro-
gramme and its demand gives the impression that the programme is a failure",
he said. coe

Mr Austin was speaking to newsmen before his departure to Geneva to attend an
ILO conference. . .

The Congress in a resolution passed recently protested against the govern-
ment's "submission to the dictates of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)
and the World Bank and urged it to wrestle the country's economy from the
grips of those financial institutions".

"As a result of these IMF conditions, working people in Ghana now face unbear-
able living conditions which manifest themselves in poor nutrition, high
prices of goods and services, inadequate housing, and crime", the resolution
said.

But Mr Austin maintained that the present hardships of workers can not be
plamed on the programme which he said is so far the best of all the options
open to the PNDC.

"Since 1976, wages and salaries of workers have not been commensurate with the
cost of living so the’ problem is not the creation of the programme launched by
the PNDC", he said.

According to him the demand does not take account of the crisis the programme

has averted and disregards the concrete achievements of the PNDC in the trans-
portation, agricultural and export sectors of the economy.

cso: 3400/320
49



SENEGAL

RELATIONS OF MAGAL DE TOUBA WITH GOVERNMENT EXAMINED
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French No 16, 16-30 Nov 84 pp 8-9

[Article by Y. Ndiaye]

[Text] After the Tabaski incident, relations between Touba and
the Abdou Diouf government are now being normalized. In place
of the sharp differences expressed in September, the Touba has
now made certain explanations which emphasize reconciliation
from the heart or mind between the spiritual authority repre-
sented by the Touba and the Senegalese state.

There were denunciations of government policy in the information field, attacks on
the ORTS [Senegalese Radio and Television Service], which was declared "personna
non grata" to the Magal de Touba, and criticism of "sectarianism." Those were the
complaints which were the essential features of the sermon of Serigne Abdoul Ahad
Mbacke, the caliph general of the Mourides, at the time of the Tabaski incident.
And as a result a "quarrel" broke out between the Abdou Diouf government and the
spiritual power of the Magal de Touba, the central event of the Mourides communi-
ty. To calm things down, a few people will be fired in the radio and television
service, which was violently attacked. And after that things will be normal.

The great Magal de Touba, which is the most important event in the life of the
Mourides community, and which was celebrated on 12-13 November, was officially to
mark this reconciliation. By receiving a government delegation, led by Medoune
Fall, the minister of armed forces, the caliph general of the Mourides community
in effect attacked those who distorted his views at Tabaski and who interpreted
his sermon as one way of seeking a quarrel with the government. Now, he has
added: "I never sought a quarrel with anyone and-I never was annoyed. I only de-
nounced an act of injustice and nothing more." Those were the statements made

by Serigne Abdoul Ahad in answer to the comments made by Medoune Fall. By clari-
fying the discussion, his intention was, it appears, to "clear up any misunder-
standing among the Talibes," to whom he was speaking.

Once he had made this point clear, the caliph finally prayed to God for the wel-

fare of the Senegalese people. This is because, he stated, this manna from hea-

ven which filled the heart and the mind, because it related to mind and matter at
the same time, is more durable than prosperity, which is a passing thing. He

98



ANGOLA

PRESIDENT ADDRESSES OAU SUMMIT MEETING
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Nov 84 p 9

{text] The president of the MPLA-Labor Party and the People's Republic of
Angola, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, gave the following address at the 20th Summit
Meeting of the Organization of African Unity yesterday.

Mr President and chiefs of state and government:

It is a reason for great satisfaction for the Angolan delegation to be gathered
together here at this 20th OAU Summit Meeting, precisely in the country where,
20 years ago, inspired by some of the most worthy sons of Africa, our continen-
tal organization, which throughout these two decades has been skillfully over-
coming the obstacles encountered on the path toward the liberation of Africa,
was established with clearly defined goals.

I cannot fail to stress the undeniable merit of the founders of the organiza-
tion and of the heroes, both late and living, who sacrificed their lives in the
struggle for freedom, and whose example continues to inspire us to pursue the
battle without quarter until the complete decolonization of our continent is
achieved.

Twenty years have passed and it therefore seems obvious to us that we have
accumulated sufficient experience to differentiate between secondary contradic-
tions and primary ones, such as to avoid the weakening of the organization
which could lead to its early demise. It is important then that we redefine
our goals and how to achieve them, so that the OAU will not become a stage on
which interests alien to those of the continent clash, but rather a rallying
point for ideas and actions which can lead us to carry out our historic mission
with more dynamism and tenacity.

Despite the successes achieved by the peoples on the continent in the 20 years
the OAU has existed, we must admit that we have experienced moments of serious
crisis, in which our capacity to safeguard the organization has been put to the
test by all of those who in one way or another evidenced their skepticism about
our political maturity and our competence, delighted to seize upon the slightest
failing in order to revive their hope of a return to Africa in a paternalistic
move designed to demonstrate the need for neocolonization. Therefore, we bear
the collective responsibility to prevent any breach in our ranks which would
encourage the interference and intervention of the imperialists, creating
instead images which give prestige and dignity to Africa and to the Africans.

23



As part of the schedule of events to be carried out within the scope of
the activities performed by the Angolan League for Friendship and
Solidarity with Peoples and in keeping with the excellent relations of
friendship and cooperation which exist between the Angolan and Soviet
peoples, an art exposition was put on yesterday at the headquarters of
the UNAP [National Union of Artist Associations] on which an illustrated
article is given elsewhere in our newspaper.

One of the highlights of the delegation's program is a visit to the
sarcophagus of Comrade President Dr Agostinho Neto as well as a trip to
the mausoleum dedicated to the founder of the nation and party.

Various meetings will be held with leaders of the MPLA-Labor Party and
visits will be made to a number of points of interest in Luanda before
the friendly delegation returns to Moscow on 12 November.

Meeting With Writers

At the same time, to commemorate the victory of the October Socialist
Revolution which is now being celebrated throughout the world's pro-
gressive community, a meeting will be held at 1830 hours at the head-
quarters of the Union of Angolan Writers with the Soviet. poet, Maiakovski,
with recitations by Angolan poets and with the music of Duo Tshisosi.

In this connection, invitations have already been extended to all music
and poetry lovers to attend ‘the meeting at which discussion will center
around relevant concepts and topics.

Departure of Soviet Delegation
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Nov 84 p 2

[Text] The Soviet delegation, headed by Telman Khalil Orudjev, member
of the Central Committee of the Communist Party in Azerbaijan, minister
of industry for fruits and vegetables and deputy of the Supreme Soviet
of the USSR in Azerbaijan, has now ended the visit it made to Angola.

During the visit the Soviet delegation met with Evaristo Domingos Kimba,
member of the Politburo of the Central: Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party
and minister of provincial coordination and of agriculture, and took
part in the ceremonies held in Angola to commemorate the 67th anniversary
of the great October Socialist Revolution which occurred in the USSR

and the 9th anniversary of RPA's proclamation of independence.

It should be mentioned that, during its sojourn in Angola, the USSR

delegation placed a wreath on the sarcophagus of President Agostinho
Neto, founder of the nation and of the MPLA-Labor Party.

8568
cso: 3442/98

19



SOUTH AFRICA

COLOREDS' SUPPORT FOR HOMELAND POLICY
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 31 Oct 84 p 11

[Text] More Coloreds support the Conservative Party's policy on Colored and
Indian homelands than support the new constitutional dispensation which was
brought into being in accordance with the policy of the National Party.

This claim was made day before yesterday by Dr Ferdi Harzenberg, Vice Chairman
of the KP, when he addressed a KP meeting in the constituency.

Dr Hartzenberg said that according to the Erika: Theron’ Report, .20 percent of
Coloreds accepted the idea of a homeland for themselves..A further 12 percent
would. have accepted it were it not located in the Richtersveld.

Against this, 17.8 percent of Coloreds in. the past election voted for the new
constitutional dispensation. "We can, therefore, remark on the support of 32
percent of Coloreds for our policy on Colored homelands," he said.

It. must be borne in mind that this support for a Colored homeland is expressed
in a dispensation in which such a concept is not feasible. If the Coloreds

ever have their own territory, as the KP is striving to bring about for them, |
they will become a truly great people. |

During the question and answer period, Dr Hartzenberg said, in answer to a
question from Parson Leon Louw, who said he is no Nationalist, that the KP is
also sympathetic to the families of the four South Africans who are to go on
trial in Britain on a charge of illegal purchase of firearms for South Africa.

It was worthy of note that Dr Hartzenberg's criticism of the government's
reprisals not to send the four back, was considerably more restrained than the
criticism by other KP leaders’ in recent weeks.

Roughly 400 persons attended the ‘gathering.

12494
CSO: 3401/42

102



still existing between the school and the community and called for the
need to dignify the teaching profession, presently still far from
having a desirable status.

At the end of the first part of the ceremony, Ferreira Bastos, director
of the complex, received a gold medal for the contribution he has made
to the RPA-GDR Friendship Club. For the same reason, silver medals
were awarded to Prof Alexandre Ngaca and student Teresa Henda by the
same club. Then came the recreational part of the ceremony featuring
the projection of a film on the music and song festival held in the
GDR.

8568
CSO: 3442/84

31



SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT THINKS WHITE MAJORITIES IN WHITE AREAS POSSIBLE
Bloemfontain DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 13 Nov 84 p 6

[text/ Pretoria--Dr A. P. Treurnicht, the leader of the Conservative Party
[Re7, said that white majority occupation in South Africa is possible. How-
ever, he could not say how he wants to get around to this when he was questioned
by DIE VOLKSBLAD.

Dr Treurnicht said that details on this have not yet been worked out and there
are several possibilities which.must be researched.

DIE VOLKSBLAD approached him in connection with the position he has taken about
the East Rand (where the byelection in Primrose is being held) during the
recent KP congress in Kimberly.

Heartland

Dr Treurnicht said that the East Rand is the white heartland and it is a serious
crime against white South Africa to allow our fatherland to become overpopulated

with black people.

He said that if the Conservative Party comes into power he will freeze the
development of two large (black) towns which are to be built there.

At the congress Dr Treurnicht pointed out that, as contained in the KP's program
of principles, the party will always "promote" white majority occupation in the
republic.

Further

During the interview Dr Treurnicht went further and said that white majority
occupation is "possible."

DIE VOLKSBLAD asked Dr Treurnicht how he intends to realize his efforts in
achieving white majority occupation in the East Rand area in light of the fact
that inl1980 there were already 1,085,500 blacks as against 524,340 whites (not
counting the more or less 60,000 Coloreds and Asians who live in the region).

112



LIBERIA

ISRAELI FIRM TO FINANCE LTPC REHABILITATION, PROGRAM
Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 30 Oct 84 PP 3, 6.

[Excerpt] An agreement establishing the ‘Liberia ‘Investors Timber Corporation
(LITCO), has been signed between YONA International, ‘an Israeli based corpora~
tion, and the Liberia Timber and Plywood Corporation (LTPC). ‘

oa
The agreement was signed recently in the State of Israel when a six-man’
technical team, headed by Captain Yancy Peters Flah, chairman of LTPC ‘board “
of directors, visited that country to conclude the agreement with YONA.

Under the agreement, LITCO will operate LTPC. through "an operating company: 7
called the Liberia Timber and Plywood Operation (LTPO) +." ses

According to the agreement, YONA International would be > responsible to Finance
the rehabilitation program of LTPC.

The agreement further states that all LIPC workers will receive their salary’
arrears, while full payment of LTPC's legitimate’ trade. creditors ‘will also be
made as well as payment of taxes owed government.

Provision for the payment of royalty to LTPC, as well. as payment of forestry
taxes are also included in the agreement. “ 7 . :

The agreement further states that the Miberian government’ will not: subsidize.
LITCO, and that there will not be any government guarantee for the funding

of the joint venture, as well as no payment of "management fees whatsoever.
,

The joint venture is expected to become’ operational November this year.

cso: 3400/315

55



SOUTH AFRICA

ATI EXPERIENCES DIFFICULTIES, CHANGES NAME
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 Nov 84 p 23

[Text] Johannesburg -- Products made in South Africa are eventually
going to become less competitive than imported products, which are more
easily imported as a result of South Africa's open economy.

So says Mr Basil Hersov, chairman of Anglo-Transvaal Industries, in the
latest annual report for the year ending at the end of June this year.

He sayd that the reasons for this development are the ‘lifting of the
LIEU [last in-first out] basis for supply valuation for tax purposes
and the gradual decrease in allowances for investments, which is going
to result in less money being used for the expansion and improvement
of manufacturing facilities.

Last year there was cautious optimism that trade conditions in South
Africa might improve during the middle of this year, but after the
temporary improvement at the end of last year the market declined
further.

Subsidiaries

Now no improvement is expected before the end of next year, he said.

The group's subsidaries will find it difficult during the current fiscal
year to equal last year's output, when the volume of business -increased
13.2 percent and profits before taxes were up 8.5 percent.

In the announcement of the general annual meeting to be held on November

22 of this year, it is recommended that the association's name be
changed to Anglo-vaal Nywerhede (Anglo-Vaal Industries).

12620
CsO: 3401/43

109



resources of foreign origin (loans or subsidies). Such a document will make
possible not only stricter control on the level of implementation of the
operations planned, but also a better assessment of the overall effort of the
state in the public investment sector. By providing an overall view of the
financial operations of the state, it also facilitates economic analysis.

1. The General Budget

This budget is balanced in terms of income and expenditures at the level of
85,969,085,000 francs, representing an increase of 5,734,100,000 francs
(7214 percent).

This increase, somewhat surprising in view of the context, is basically the
result of the fact that exceptional resources have increased substantially in
comparison to 1984.

We will return to this subject in the following explanations.
1. General Budget Income

Guided by the continuing desire to adapt the fiscal tool, the government has
introduced new fiscal provisions based on the recommendations of the fiscal
reform commission. They are designed basically to achieve:

--The development of fiscal legislation applicable to pensions, wages and
life annuities. This measure has to do with the data processing of taxes on
income, allowing the tax administration to obtain reliable information in
connection with the tax base, control and collection of these taxes.

--Extension of the principle of deductibility of interest on loans to all
loans contracted by taxpayers for the purchase of real estate located in
Niger. This deduction is applicable to the general tax on income (1GR).

--Extension of this same principle to the land taxes established on assets
located in Niger.

These two provisions are designed to avoid double taxation on the same
income.

-~The concept of the dependent child has been better defined, with a view to
preventing any abusive declarations by certain taxable households.

The Indirect Tax Sector

A preferential rate where the tax on services rendered (TPS) is concerned
will henceforth be applicable to telephone, telegraph and telex services
provided by the Posts and Telecommunications Office or by legal entities in
public or private law under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Posts and
Telecommunications of the Republic of Niger. The interest rate is 10 percent
as compared to an ordinary rate of 15 percent. This adjustment comes within
the framework of the program for the financial recovery of that ministry.

73.



change the normal course of the history of our country, now irreversible, in
their favor.

The Angolan people are aware of the price of their hard-won freedom, and as
such, they have an exact idea of how dear it is to the people living under the
colonial yoke, subject to all of the forms of exploitation, humiliation and
injustice.

For this reason and for others related to the humanistic essence of the society
we are building at the cost of tremendous sacrifice willingly made, we are
pursuing a consistent internationalist policy, giving aid in many forms to the
peoples who are still struggling to achieve their independence and dignity.

However, this position of principle is not pursued in linear fashion on our
continent, and it therefore carries with it consequences with regard to which
each of us must assume his responsibilities.

For a number of years, the serious situation in southern Africa, where the last
bastions of colonialism and racism still stand, has been pushed to the back~
ground, despite the fact that this is regarded as one of the tensest zones in
the world. The countries which are neighbors of racist South Africa have
turned around and find themselves still at grips with an undeclared war of
aggression which is now taking the form of direct military intervention, the
form of utilizing armed gangs to destroy political, military, economic and
social stability.

In view of the hesitation of the organization and the continent, and their
inability to act as a whole, the countries in the region have been forced to
act in isolation, seeking original solutions consistent with their domestic
interests. The time then has come to analyze the situation in southern Africa
as a function of its importance and seriousness, so that we can rise above the
thetoric attitude in support of the countries being attacked and the liberation
movements.

The conflict developing in southern Africa is a result of the expansionist
efforts of South Africa, which is seeking, through the use of its powerful
military, economic and financial resources, to gain positions on the continent
favoring the establishment of its hegemony. The danger this action poses to
the safeguarding of the sovereignty of each of the countries on the continent
should constitute a cause of concern. It suffices to mention that the capacity
to produce nuclear weaponry developed in South Africa already constitutes a
threat to the peoples on our continent, which all of us want denuclearized.

On the pretext that its opponent is the SWAPO, South African forces are
systematically invading the People's Republic of Angola, thus causing our
country tremendous losses in human life and material damage of incalculable
value. These violations of our sovereignty and territorial integrity
culminated in the occupation of a part of our territory, beginning in 1981,
after the great invasion perpetrated at that time, which was followed later by
other acts of agression.

25



The CORJ chairman also discussed the question of the TUC Cexpansion unknown]
and regretted the inadequacy of the credits allocated to overseas departments.
He also spoke against the discrimination exerted against young ‘people in
Reunion, which will receive only F 1,000 instead: of F 1,200 as ‘in France.

He also asked that TUC. credits should be used judiciously, to reforest the
west region for instance. :

CORJ Demand Reported
Saint-Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 17-18 Nov 84 p 8

[Article signed A.D.: "The CORJ Demands the Immediate Application of the Order
of 1974... and Its Participation in Consultations"]

[Text] At a press conference held yesterday by the ORS, Ari Yee Chong Tchi
Kan spoke on the question of scholarships and cafeteria meals.

He first said that he was pleased by the "first step" made by the government
following the powerful demonstration of secondary school students. "The
government announced that consultations would be opened; it is a good thing,"
he said. But he asked that discussions should start, soon and, in particular,
that CORJ be one of the parties invited at the round table. "The CORJ is
entitled to be a full-fledge party to this consultation. Public opinion
would not understand that the youth organization that formulated the movement's
demands be excluded," the CORJ chairman stated. "In whose name could Mr Le-
moine decree that the CORJ should be excluded? And how could the CORJ par-

ticipation bother him?”

Ary Yee Chong Tchi Kan then came to the vital element that surfaced recently
in the question of cafeteria meals and scholarships: the revelation that an
order issued in 1974 and never applied provided that the FASO Cexpansion
unknown] fund must finance cafeterias in. secondary and vocational schools,
not just in primary schools.

For 10 years, the CORJ official pointed out, right-wing governments and the
socialist government have thus misappropriated children's ‘scholarship money
to pay for lunch costs: "That means a serious loss of money for their’
families." It is now urgent to make up for this injustice: "The text of
1974 must be implemented."

The existence of the 1974 order is "the best proof," Ary Yee Chong Tchi Kan
concluded, "that our demands were not utopian, as some were saying, but that
on the contrary they lie at the heart. of the debate.” :

“9294 ms
CSO: 3419/179 «

91



addresses itself primarily to its own voters while trying, naturally, to nibble
away at voters from the other parties. In a single-party regime, the party
tries to convince as many citizens as possible with a view to obtaining in-
creasingly massive support for the ideals of that party.

It must be admitted that in Africa, information is not everywhere as free as

it deserves to be. For that matter, the evil in question is not specific to
Africa, as is also noted by the International Press Institute in its report
published in London this year. Under the signature of Peter Galliner, director
of that prestigious institute, one can read the following bitter lines:

"In many countries,... the image of guardian of the freedom of expression that
the press has built up so carefully over the years seems to be fading.

"It is increasingly difficult today to find a country of which it can be said
that its press has won more freedom. Almost everywhere, journalists are being
faced with growing physical persuasion aimed at controlling information."

So the muzzling of information to a greater or lesser degree is an evil more or
less common to all the regimes on the planet. But the thing that characterizes
Africa, and for that matter the rest of the Third World, is what Galliner oddly
calls "so-called journalism concerning the Third World," which, he says, "sub-
jects to public obloquy any man of the press with good sense who tries to crit-
icize the regime in power."

Large-circulation periodicals such as JEUNE AFRIQUE and LE POINT have looked
into the same problem and gone far beyond the subject of information alone to
discuss freedoms in general. Answering the question "Where Do People Live Free
in the World?", the French weekly LE POINT says this in the introductory para-
graph in its issue No 523 for 27 September 1982:

"Whether we are talking about the right to hold the opinion one chooses, pub-
lish what one likes, or read what one likes in one's preferred publication, or
about the assurance that one will not be arrested, illegally confined, or kid-
naped simply because of one's beliefs or thoughts, public freedoms are still
fragile plants that are not at all widespread in the world of 1982, and they
often fare less well in tropical climates than they do in temperate countries."

Faring less well in tropical climates than in temperate countries, JEUNE AFRIQUE i
does not put it any differently. Freedom of expression fares worse in Africa i
than elsewhere. This can be seen in particular in Africa's infatuation with

the foreign media, the verbal propensity to exaggerate and distort bits of in- |
formation in all social classes, and the fact that many articles are published
in foreign publications under assumed names. All of this results in great con-
fusion among the censors, who, like everyone in their circles of friends, enjoy
the freedom to take note of everything before giving the green light or turning
the light red. Their rulings are often more effective on paper than in reality,
given the movement of people across hard-to-control frontiers and the various
forms of collusion, notably among the elite.



Land Registry and Taxes

~-Establishmént “of a‘fiied fee of 1,000°francs for the ‘issuance of permanént
cértificates of exemptién from the differential tax’ on motor webicles’ (spe-
cial tax Jabel) or duplicates thereof.

-~Increase of this same fee from 500 francs to 1,000 francs for the issuance’
of certificates of national origin.

“Updating of the fees-collected for ‘the ‘ig&tianée ‘of’ jitengés to practice 4
(trade) and visas on foreign passports, and the issuance or renewal of rési-

dents and travel permits.

~“Encouragement of companies to ‘supply the tax administration regularly with
information on the results*of thei'r management, with the establishment of
penalties and fines for violations. °

~-Strengthening ‘of ‘colléction procedures applicable to® ‘coripaniés’” “fol lowing
cortection, | routine taxation or the application of penalties,
=-Elinination of special ‘surtaxes on ‘the land taxes’ paid on built~ ~up prem~
ises; with a view to lighténing ‘the taxpayers" burden; ‘to the extent that the
beneficiaries “(communes ‘and districts) compensate for the “deerédse resulting”
from the ‘relief offered them by* the state by full payrient of ‘this Vand * ‘tax.

~

customs Sector

--Updating of the single export ‘tax applizabre to *eertain product's “designated
on a limitative basis, in order to take into account’ thé “development of éco-
nomic conditions between 1967 (when this tax originated) and 1984. This step
is also designed to simplify taxation in this sector. . a

Reduction of the taxes applicable to imports of certain ‘automotive vehicles
(private or utilitarian vehicles offered new or used). This step is designed
to make our ‘taxation consistent with that of othér ¢ountriés in the sub-
region. As I said earlier, income totals 85,969,085,000 ‘fratics, including
62,422,000,000 francs in tax income. Since this figures represents 72.60
petcent of the ‘total, taxation retains its usual priority: role in budget
iticéme, although it represents a reduction fron ‘the ini tial "1984 budget’, in
which it accounted for 83.70 percent. Thig reduction ‘is explained by the
increase in economic difficulties having direct effects on certain sectors,
ineluds 2, in Particular “customs collections, . ~

AY aectine of 1,396, 245,000 franes, or 17 percent; ’ s also ‘seen for various’
products, as a result of taking only certain income into accounts Within “*
this income sector, it should be emphasized that income from property none~
theless shows a ‘relative increase, since the “decfine pertaing to other
miscellaneous income. The special resources, for their part, come ‘to
165769, 090, 000 francs, as compared to 4,904,005,000 francs in 1984, — repre-
senting’ ‘an incredse ‘of nearly 12 billion. this: increase is explained by the
more intensive effort for the consolidation of ‘the state resources: loans, ‘tax
contributions and miscellaneous resources.

Th.



~-Economic development program-~26,363,664,000 francs, or 37.90 percent of
the expenditures;

--Social development program--18,645,405,000 francs, or 26.80 percent of the
total;

--Program to support development=-23, 066,226,000 francs, or 33.16 percent of
the total;

--Overseeing development—~1,485,334,000 francs, or 2.14 percent of the total.

Therefore:

--The productive sectors will absorb 39.26 percent of the resources;
--The social sectors will absorb 26.80 percent;

~-The transportation outlet infrastructures 31.94 percent; and

--The other sectors 2.00 percent.

Rural development, a productive sector par excellence, and an element in the
economic development program, will receive 11,511,860,000 francs, or 27.17
percent of the total resources, and 66.42 percent of those allocated to the
productive sectors as a whole.

These figures reveal the effort the state is making to provide for the
future, with the allocation of a quarter of its resources to a sector which
has a direct impact on self-sufficiency in food, and nearly 40 percent of its
resources to those which consolidate and develop our capacity for agricul~
tural, mining and industrial production, which are the foundations for har-
monious and consistent development.

In these present times, it is in fact important to avoid "mortgaging the
Bag
future." And we have the means to do this. :

I said previously that the first asset we have available is the genius of our
people.

The almost hostile physical environment in which our people live and the fact
that despite it, they produce our national wealth and the encouraging results
achieved provide clear proof, if proof is needed, of the readiness of our
people and their capacity to face up to tests.

We have another immeasurable asset, and that is the reputation our country
enjoys on the international level, which leads our partners, both interna-—
tional bodies and friendly countries, to make a greater contribution to our
development efforts.

It is of the very greatest importance that we maintain and consolidate the
serious work which is the foundation of this esteem in which the interna-
tional community holds us.

80



These and many other evident truths, taken together or considered separately,
give proof of Africa's more or less latent anxiety while underscoring its de-
termination not to be caught short in case of conflict. And it is precisely
because of. them that the question really arises concerning the reality or, .
more precisely, the materiality of the threat to peace and security in Africa.

This brings us by a very natural path to the polemogenic and belligenic situa-
tions in Africa. It is a very natural path, I do not scruple to repeat, be-
cause strategists and other experts on defense problems generally agree in
maintaining that at least in a given set of circumstances, defining threats is
the necessary if not indispensable precondition for organizing the defense of
a country or simply of a sociopolitical entity. They do so even while recog-
nizing that the increasingly broad interdependence of states in the modern
world makes such definition difficult. Obviously, this can lead immediately
to questions concerning the necessity of nonnecessity of armies for a country--
that rare pearl--which does not recognize any threat. To such a country, I
recommend simply the daily recital of Talleyrand's "prayer"--"My God, protect
me from my friends"--in the absence of enemies against whom measures for one's
self-protection are necessary. But let us not drift so quickly into levity.

In any country, it is always possible--what am I saying? it is always certain--
that one will find situations bearing at least the seeds of conflict if not the
seeds of war.

Those are polemogenic and belligenic situations. Is there a clear dividing
line between them? In the final analysis, is it not a matter of purely dia-
lectical considerations? Those are some of the questions that can be freely
asked. And everyone is equally free to find answers. The essential thing here,
I believe, is to visualize as clearly as possible with respect to Africa a cer-
tain number of more or less gaping fracture lines which, if not avoided, may
seriously hinder the indispensable peace that must exist or does exist among
the continent's countries as well as between the industrial powers and the
African states considered separately.

Obviously, that last hypothesis may cause more than one superficial observer to
smile. But definitely not the bulk of those who, like you and me, are up to
date concerning the outlines of certain geopolitical concepts in which Africa
occupies a position of the first importance.

In any case, considered as a whole, Africa is undeniably faced with hereditary
and newly created situations that have propelled it from the shadows onto the
world podium reserved for the world's preeminent zone of conflict--a hardly
respectable position. That description is not a figment of my imagination.
Those situations, classified into two groups--polemogenic and belligenic--draw
their. poisonous roots entirely from two kinds of soil that are carefully tended,
more or less deliberately, both inside and outside the continent's states and
outside the continent itself.

The first group--consisting of polemogenic situations--includes the following
internal elements, among others: the organization of African societies, popu-
lation growth, political consensus, freedom of expression, mass information,



The chaos which political muddling in the labor union structure can cause is
universally known. If there are organizations in South Africa with these
very plans, they must be rejected in their entirety. And this rejection will
have to take place primarily within the ranks of the non-white workers them—
selves. Because it is these people who will suffer hardship if the political
intriguers have their way. -

It is not known what exactly is behind the problem at SASOL, but the 6,000
people who lost their jobs as a result of the non-attendance must now know
that belonging to a labor union does not mean that one can just simply aban-
don one's work. There is, after all, such a thing as self-discipline as
well. And blacks should not think that if they strike arbitrarily, then
employers will bend to every blow so that the wheels can keep turning.

Minister De Klerk directed a clear message to employees the day before yes-
terday about these problems. There are forces and influences at work that
want to take labor unions down a dangerous path. The government will not
tolerate this.

In short, the black worker will have to see to it himself that his house is
in order. Only then will he receive his due. This is indeed the crux of
our labor legislation. .

12271
cso: 3401/14

108



All of these limitations naturally give rise to substantial needs in terms of
the transportation, water resources, health and education networks, and above
all farm development.

--The third series of limitations has to do with the financial resources
needed to pay off the cost of the burdens listed above, and they are evi-
denced in particular in:

--The important role uranium plays in the national economy (7.3 percent of
the gross domestic product and at least 70 to 75 percent of the exports since
1978); and

--The limited development of certain other productive sectors (for example,
industry, with 6.64 percent of the gross domestic product).

In view of these limitations, what resources are available to us?

First of all, there is obviously the creative genius of our people. I will
return to this subject a little later.

And there are the top-level tools of economic management, among them planning.

In this connection and thanks to the documents of which I spoke in the very
first part of my explanation, the government has established a system of
flexible and overall programming.

Overall Programming

This means that we take into account, in a single document devoted exclusive-
ly to investment, all of the resources mobilized for this purpose by the
state, whether they be its own (that is to say the part of the general budget
allocated for investment) or resources of foreign origin (in other words,
loans and subsidies or nonreimbursable aid).

This is what the investment budget consists of, and it includes as a counter-
part to the resources, all of the investment expenditures of the state, what-
ever the means of financing them may be.

It is this centralizing aspect which basically distinguishes the investment
budget from the FNI, which because it included only the expenditures made out
of the definitive national resources, fell short, and by far, as we will ex-
plain shortly, of reflecting all of the efforts of the state in terms of
public investment.

Flexible Programming

Heretofore, the planning of investments has involved predicting the resource
and expenditure totals over a given period (3 years for the 3-year program,
5 years for the five-year plan, 2 years for the PIC).

78.



SOUTH AFRICA

COLOREDS' ENTHUSIASM FOR 'HOMELAND' QUESTIONED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 Nov 84 p 9

[Text] Herstigte National Party has been challenged by a Colored leader to
ask the President to hold a referendum among Coloreds to find out what their
views are on a Colored ‘homeland.

In a commentary of a speech by Mr Louis Stafberg, Head Secretary of the HNP,
about a Colored homeland, Colored leaders said, among other things, that
Coloreds will surely not accept a homeland if they reject group territories.

Mr Stafberg alleged in a speech last week that, among other things, a survey
made by the Council for Humanitarian Research revealed that 25 percent of
Coloreds support apartheid measures and that the plan of the HNP for a homeland
for Coloreds is feasible. He said the HNP and the Conservative Party are united
on the question of a Colored homeland.

Rev Allan Hendrickse, leader of the Labor Party and Chairman of the Cabinet
Council of the Council of Representatives, said that the right-wing politicians
in the country do not realize how very antagonistic Coloreds are to apartheid.

"If there are really Coloreds who are toying with the idea of a homeland, it is
for strategic reasons, for reasons completely different from those the rightists
would proffer. Moreover, a homeland is altogether impractical."

Mr Peter Marais, leader of the Peoples’ Congress Party and member of the Presi-
dent's Council, challenged the rightists to ask the government to hold a ref-
erendum on the question of a Colored homeland.

Mr Marais said that no respectable Colored person would support the concepts of
apartheid or of a homeland.

"T would really like to know how the RGN has come to those findings. Maybe
we should look at how the questions are asked," said Mr Marais.

He ‘said the politicans of the far right do the nation a disservice with their
idle talk of a homeland, because they play on Coloreds' suspicion of whites.

"The Coloreds did not reject the new dispensation because they want a new home-
land, as the rightists argue.-

104



of our island, including Paul Verges, general secretary of the Reunion Com-
munist Party.

After reviewing the troops, Mr Georges Lemoine met with the press. Asked by
RFO [expansion unknown] about the reduction of students' scholarships, his
first words were to condemn the movement of secondary school students.

In his opinion, this struggle was unnecessary, as everyone knew that measures
would be taken to mitigate the impact of the implementation of the new system.
"T regret what happened," he said in particular. The secretary of state was
very reserved as to the solutions that will be implemented in 1985 and in sub-
sequent years, thus confirming that the young were indeed right to fight for
free cafeteria meals and scholarships for those entitled to them. "He only
indicated that "this will be a subject for consultation."

Lemoine Claim Refuted
Saint-Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 8 Nov 84 p 3

[Article: "Answer to Mr Lemoine Concerning His Condemnation of the Secondary
School Students’ Movement"]

[rext] According to Mr Georges Lemoine, the F 12 million in additional credits
intended to cover cafeteria and boarding expenses after payment of the scholar~-
ships were sure to be made available.

In that case, and based on this alleged "certainty," why did he not send a
telex long before 23 August, to announce that these credits were being
granted?

Also, why did socialist officials, including Jean-Claude Fruteau, back down
for a while, stating that none of them had mentioned the amount of F 12 mil-
lion and that this was pure invention on the part of reporters?

Why did these same Socialist Party officials feel they had to blackmail the
government, threatening to reconsider their membership in the socialist
group?

Besides, the very wording of the communique issued on 23 October by the State
Secretariat to Overseas Departments and Territories clearly shows that nothing
had been decided yet. Actually, this had to go up all the way to the prime
minister before a solution was finally adopted. This proves that negotia-
tions were closely argued and that Mr Laurent Fabius's arbitration was neces~
sary; the latter made his decision only at the last minute, when confronted
with the powerful secondary school students' movement.

Actually, Mr Lemoine's statements served only to emphasize a little more

the uncertainty and vagueness of the government's position since this question
was raised. At any rate, we shall remember that the socialist government con-
demned the movement of the secondary school students of Reunion to protect
their and their parents’ interests.

89



WHEN LUP ATTACKS the section 4(d) of the
Elections Guidelines, requiring $50,000 cash and
$100,000 surctics, she may have a point well taken
when she seys if ‘‘diseriminates against the poor of
this country and deny the equal protection of the law.
It is a tendency to separate the sew rich citizens from
the overwhelmingly majority voters who are poor.”

THE POINT IS not only arguable, but valid for
Gi on. Nevertheless, for UP to use the oceasion
of presenting pre-registration papers as a venue for
chatlenhing the Guidelines and:declaring its refusal to
comply was rather tendentious.

AT THIS STAGE, we think groups should shy away from
confrontations; especially so, with the Special Elections
Commission. For once the Elections Commission is an-
fagonized, you find yourself travelling @ rugged political
road.

IT CAN BE very impolitic to be political sometimes.
Those who are forming political parties should do all they
can to satisfy the requirements of SECOM as soon as possi-
ble in order to get down to the serious tasks of winning sup-
porters by exposing to the nation the type of policies they in-
tend (o pursue and the type of nation they envision to build.

THE ISSUES CONFRONTING this nation are diverse
and complex. There are obvious forces which «lo not want to
have ‘these issués addressed and redressed; but those who
have come out’ in the vanguard to form political parties
should do everything to demonstrate patience, statesman-
ship, responsibleness and a true sense of duty.

THE PARTIES SHOULD also begin to appeal to all
shades of the Liberian people. The tendency to style one par-
ty as the party of the masses and-another as the party of the
rich only widens the already existing rift which this process is
endeavouring to bridge.

EVERY PARTY SEEKING registration should have
room for the poor, the rich, the man int the interior as well as
those along the coast. For, the nation-building process will
not rest solely upon the winning party, but it will rest upon
the unity which that party can forge out of its victory that
will galvanize the people to work assiduously for the progress
and development of their nation.

NOW THAT MR. KPOLLEH and his group have made
their point, we hope efforts are being made to reconcile their
differences with SECOM so that they may proceed in the
direction of registering and taking their rightful place in the
political arena which promises to be vibrant, entertaining
and constructive.

cso: 3400/315

57



LIBERIA

U.S. POSTURE ON NAMIBIA VIEWED AS OBSTRUCTIONIST
Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 22 oct 84 p4
[Editorial: ‘"Baffling an Oppressed People"']
[Text]

TWO LEADING AFRICAN figures recently attacked the
United States policy in Southern Africa for being unable to
deliver a beacon of hope for the independence of Namibia.

THE TWO AFRICANS, Bishop Desmond Tutu, General

Secretary of the South African Council of Churches, and Ke-
nyan President Daniel arap Moi, noted in unequivocal terms
that Namibia’s independence had long been delayed as 8
result of the United States’ support for South Africa.
' BISHOP TUTU, WHO has boen awarded the 1984 Nobel
Peace Prize for his role as a unjfying ‘‘leader figure”” in the
‘campaign to resolve the enduring problem of apartheld’ in
South Africa, criticized the United States because, after
imany years of negotiations, Washington has done little to
Ihelp the Namibian people to achieve their independence.

MOREOVER, WASHINGTON’S SO-CALLED policy of
constructive engagement in the southern African sub-region
has had no beneficial consequences in any direction, in br-
inging pressure to bear on the racist-ruled state. _

IN HIS CRITICISM, President Mol insisted that there is
no linkage between the presence of an estimated 30,000
‘Cuban troops in Angola and the independence of Namibia,
which has been fighting for its freedom from South Africa
for more than 18 years while South Africa-continues to defy
countless UN resolutions on the Namibian question.

MR, MOI SOUNDED a note for many African nations
when he said that the United States, like the other super
jpower, the USSR, is a friend of Kenya, which has assisted
‘her in many ways. He could have sald ‘a friend of many
“African nations’ including Liberia.

BUT WE FEEL safe in stating that Africans throughout
the continent and the world are very disappointed that after
nearly. four years in office, the Reagan administration has
been unable even to deliver Namibia from the racist and in-
humane tentacles of South Africa.

53



ANGOLA

SAVIMBI SAYS ANGOLANS DECEIVING U.S. ON CUBANS'DEPARTURE
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 12 Nov 84 pp 1, 2

[Article by BEELD Reporter Thinus Prinsloo: "Savimbi Says Angola Will Be South
Africa's Friend"]

[Text] In an exclusive interview with BEELD Dr Jonas Savimbi made the promise
that a new Angolan government, in which the UNITA movement would play a leading
role, is going to be more sympathetic toward South Africa than anyone else in
Africa.

At his headquarters in Jamba in southern Angola Dr Savimbi talked about his
friendship bonds with President P.W. Botha and Minister Pik Botha and the South
African help to UNITA, He warned that the MPLA government in Luanda is being
deceitful about the withdrawal of the Cubans from Angola.

Following a display of forces in the course of a parade in Jamba, where seized
Russian tanks were also displayed, the charismatic UNITA leader revealed to

some 40 or so newspapermen from all over the world that he is planning a great
Christmas offensive gains the MPLA government in Luanda. He is prepared to send
7,000 troops as reinforcements to his forces around Luanda. He has also made it
clear that UNITA must be included in any of the peace negotiations. If this does
not take place, he said that he would avail himself of the withdrawal of the Cubans
from Angola.

Dr. Savimbi claimed that he has complete control of one third of Angola and that
the UNITA forces in the rest of Angola, even up to Luanda itself, are attaining
great successes with guerrilla warfare. According to him the situation for the
MPLA forces around Luanda is "critical."

After the international press conference Dr Savimbi agreed to have an eclusive
talk with BEELD. When asked as to what his attitude vis-a-vis South Africa would
be if he were to play a leading role in a new government in Angola, without a
moment's hesitation he replied:

"I consider President P.W. Botha and Pik Botha as my friends. This does not mean

that they would have to sacrifice their interests; they should defend South
Africa's interests."

15



GABON

TECHNICAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH BRAZIL
Libreville L'UNION in French 28 Sep. 84 pp 1,6
{Article by Neltoh]

[Text] Gabon, the president of the Republic has said, is
"a glass house," indeed an open door to any economic oper-
ator coming, from a friendly country and desirous of con-
tributing to our, development... To this effect, business-
men's missions are visiting our capital, one after the
other, in quick succession. In addition to the Spaniards,
an official Brazilian delegation of its CEBRAE [Brazilian
Small- and Medium-Sized Business Support Center], the
equivalent of our PROMOGABON, was in Libreville from 25
to 27 September. :

On the basis of the broad outlines of cooperation set forth in the memoran-
dum of agreement signed between Gabon, and Brazil on 24 November 1983 with
regard to PME [Small- and Medium-Sized Business], and in response to the
resolutions set forth in the proceedings of the 2nd Meeting of the Joint
Gabon-Brazil Committee, held in Brazil on 30 July 1984, a Brazilian techni-~
cal mission of [that country's] PME support system was present in Libreville
from 25 to 27 September 1984,

At the conclusion of this visit to Gabon, the Brazilian and Gabonese part-
ners affixed their signaturés toa document stipulating the terms and condi-
tions of cooperation in the areas of training, technical aid, industrial
cooperation, and exchanges of information between their respective promo-
tional organizations.

This mission had as its objective the setting up of a structure for techni- {
cal cooperation between the Brazilian and Gabonese systems of aid to PME's. H
The mission was financed by .the UNDP (UN Development Program] under the
South-South Cooperation effort.

In addition, the Brazilian enterprise Techno-Metal sent its representative
to propose to the Gabonese group a summary study of specific projects con~
cerning the forging of farm tools, of manual tools for industrial and house~

44



He said the Ministries of Labour and Social Welfare and Foreign Affairs will
then study the contract between the recruiting agency and the person being
recruited.

This, according to him, is to enable the two ministries to ensure that there
exist in it, all kinds of protective measures to ensure the security of the
person being recruited.

He disclosed that all returnee teachers from Nigeria have been excluded from
the recruitment to Libya.

Commenting on the recruitment of Ghanaian teachers to Libya, Mr Paul Osei-
Mensah, general secretary of the Ghana National Association of Teachers (GNAT)
expressed grave concern over the agreement signed between the two countries,
reports Faustina Ashirifie. Mr Osei~Mensah observed that though it is neces-
sary for African countries to assist each other in times of need to ensure a
total development of the continent, governments should not do so at the ex-
pense of the peoples.

He was speaking to the "Graphic" in Accra when he was contacted on his. views
about the recruitment exercise currently going on for 500 teachers to be sent
to Libya by the end of the month.

The General Secretary disclosed that schools in the country are staffed with
as many as 42,000 untrained teachers and therefore it was expected that the
few trained ones would remain in the system to strengthen the profession.

He further intimated that last year, the Winneba Training College produced
only 32 qualified teachers, and noted that the demand for teachers in English
and French should have been related to the number of teachers produced each
year in those areas.

"My main concern is the number of qualified teachers being exported, in as
much as we must help each other, the number is too big as compared to the to-
tal output each year," he lamented.

Under a cultural agreement between Ghana and Libya, 500 language teachers are
being recruited to teach in Libya. Ten out of the number are French teachers
while the remaining are to teach English Zenobia Ofori Danquah reports.

The basic qualification for selection is either a degree or diploma in English
or French with a three-year teaching experience and in current service in the
country,

At the Labour College in Accra last week where the exercise took place more
than 500 teachers came in with their various qualifications.

On the interviewing panel were representatives of the Ghana Education Service,

the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare and two inspectors of English from
Libya, Mr Salem Ahmed Zayat and Mr Abdul Magidlel-Bisht.

cso: 3400/321

48



implement be pursued and supplemented by the creation of conditions for
longer-term development, which should be healthy and harmonious. In other
words, it should not give rise to the development of any new imbalances, and
it should correct those which have been detected (within the framework of our
larger options).

Finally, since 1974, the chief of state, General Seyni Kountche, has con-
stantly encouraged the people of Niger in the serious administration with
which we are familiar on the international level, and he has personally over-
seen and urged our public and parapublic sectors to make efficient use of the
available financial and material resources. All of these efforts deserve to
be crowned by appropriate institutional and technical measures.

It is this need which justifies the establishment of a medium-range program
for economic recovery, or in other words, the structural adjustment plan for
which we began preparations a few months ago.

This program is designed to achieve two goals:

--First, to guarantee the future of our country, that is to say to establish
the foundations for long-term development ‘by effecting the structural reforms
which were seen as necessary following a detailed and uncompromising analysis
of all of the sectors of our economy. .

--Secondly, it is a question in the meantime of alleviating the difficulties _
arising out of the world crisis, with an effort to achieve a certain
resumption of activity.

Within this overall approach, we must take into account two types of con-
straint:

~-Limitations of a structural nature, specifically:

--Our great dependence on the vagaries of the rainy season, where food is
concerned;

--Our geographic position as a landlocked country (Niamey is more than 1,000
kilometers from the nearest maritime port, which is Cotonou, while Maradi is
1,440 kilometers from Lagos);

--The extent of our territory (sixth largest country in Africa in area, with
almost 900 kilometers between Zinder and Niamey, more than 950 kilometers
between Agadez and Niamey, and more than 1500 kilometers between Ayorou and
Diffa); .

--Our situation in the heart of the Sahel, with only 12 percent of the area’
fertile on a strip 1500 kilometers long and 50 to 250 kilometers wide, with’
about 350,000 kilometers of favorable agroclimatic zones in all; and

--The youth of our population, which, while it is our greatest asset, leads

to tremendous school needs, of which the minister of national education has
moreover informed the public just recently.

77



Are you looking for the place occupied by Africa in this hierarchy? Seek and
you will find. You will also discover that ‘Africa was not consulted at all
before being given its onerous promotion.’ And its position is onerous notably
because the threat assessment that might bring intervention in Africa by a pig!
power may not be left upto Africa at all.. The reason; as everyone knows, is
that geostrategy, the instrument for achieving the goals defined by geopolitics,
exists. And it follows geopolitics. Just slightly ahead of strategy.

2. Belligenic Situations

We have now moved up a notch. This obviously does not ‘mean that a belligenic
situation is more certain to result in.a ‘passage at arms than a polemogenic
situation is. In our opinion, resolving a crisis situation depends on various
and sometimes complex factors, and one chief factor is assuredly political will.
But that will, no matter how adequate it might be when faced with a polemogenic
situation--once purely domestic factors have been mastered--would be powerless
in the face of a belligenic situation if ‘the often multidimensional and complex
interests at stake were to bring into confrontation. two "worlds" ‘that are ideo-
logically divided and intransigent. to boot.” That is why resolving a belligenic
situation--which constitutes a potential conflictual conjunction among states-~
always requires the use of varied, complex, and delicate means of regulation--
means that are national and international and direct or indirect.

Nonrespect for Principles of OAU Charter

As far as defense is concerned, the basiic objective proclaimed by the ‘African
countries is the third item under article II of the Charter:

"To defend their sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence."

To achieve those ends, the signatory states pledged to coordinate and harmonize
their general policies in the field of defense and security.

Also in connection with defense, and out of a concern to achieve more positive
and more certain success, the OAU's member countries solemnly agreed to the
following principles: ‘

"Noninterference in the internal affairs of states.

"Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of each state and for
its inalienable right to independent existence.

"peaceful settlement of disputes by negotiation, mediation, conciliation, or
arbitration." : “ mot

The African states--and this is a very normal. thing--are deeply jealous. of
their independence and‘insist just as jealously on respect for the frontiers
of their territories. That ‘(and here, of course, is where we diverge from the
standpoint adopted in ‘the Middle East conflict) explains the establishment of
national armies by one and all.to the extent allowed by their economic means
and with due regard for domestic policy considerations as well. I dare not say

10



WARDA TRACTOR DONATION--The West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA)
has presented two Fiat tractors valued at 1,520,750 to the Ghana Government
at a ceremony in Accra. {Excerpt] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English

25 Oct 84 pp 4, 5]

DETAILS ON WAGE RAISE--More light has been thrown on the 100 percent increase
in the present minimum rationalization wage which has been approved by the
National Economic Commission. An official statement today says the 50 per-
cent increase to be enjoyed by workers this month will amount to a rise from
35 cedis to 52 cedis 50 pesewas...The full 70 cedis will be paid at the end
of next month. The statement said in order that the increase does not
become inflationary, the tripartite ‘committee agreed on measures: to support
it. The government, the Trade Union Congress [TUC], and the Employers
Association shall take the necessary steps. to raise productivity, check
laziness, malingering, and indiscipline at work places. The Ghana Private
Road Transport Union will have to enforce the approved transport fares and
direct allocation of goods through the Workers Consumer Cooperative System
will be adopted to ensure-a more equitable and effective distribution of
essential goods to all workers. The statement added that the tripartite
committee is to launch a major campaign to ensure that. all the ‘supporting
measures are implemented. [Text] [Accra Domestic Service ‘in English 1800 GMT
7 Dec 84 AB] ia - he ,

csO: 3400/326

52



Briefs
French Photo Lab Equipment . 85
French Wheat Donation 85

REUNION

Statements, Comments After Student Unrest
(TEMOIGNAGES, various dates).......e5.. see ee eens ecececeeeee 86

Verges Backs Student Demonstrations
Lemoine Scores Students :
Lemoine Claim Refuted

Harassment of CORJ Chairman

CORJ Demand Reported

SENEGAL

CNIS-UDTS Confrontation Noted
(Mass Diack; LE POLITICIEN, 25 Oct 84)...eseeeeecereescececs 92

Commentary on PLP Tactics, Objectives
(Mass Diack; LE POLITICIEN, 8 Nov 84)...cccceercvescesencees 94

Sidy Lamine Niass on Lessons of Khadim, Islamic Distrust of West
(Sidy Lamine Niass; WAL FADJRI, No 16, 16-30 Nov 84)........ 96

Relations of Magal de Touba With Government Examined

(Y. Ndiaye; WAL FADJRI, No 16, 16-30 Nov 84)........- eee 98
SOMALIA
Briefs
National District Elections Slated 100
Cultural Agreement With PRC 100
SOUTH AFRICA
Helen Suzman's Statements in U.S. Criticized
(Editorial; BEELD, 12 Nov 84)....sseecesesscccccerecers weeee 01
Coloreds' Support for Homeland Policy
(DIE BURGER, 31 Oct 84)..ceseesccccescsccceere se eeeeee ween e102
Appointments, Promotion of Coloreds in Government Service Discussed
(DIE BURGER, 2 Nov 84) ..ceeeesecccecsecceene eee eeceeeceeeee 6 L038

Coloreds' Enthusiasm for 'Homeland' Questioned
(DIE BURGER, 3 Nov 84)...ccecvcscccectcecenccececesensecece 104



us. Prospects for the future include the establishment of a mixed fishing
enterprise involving Mozambique and the GDR.

In this connection, our reporters talked with Horst Dieter Seffner, the
fishing representative of the GDR in this part of the country, who informed us
of some details about the cooperative fishing undertaking planned for this
province. .

"Through this project which is still in the embryonic form, we want to support
the people of the city of Beira with our work, and to reduce the problems
caused by the shortage of fish," that cooperative worker said at a given point.

Horst Dieter Seffner explained further to us that for an undetermined period,
possibly until next year, "we will work alone, so that while we are studying
the specific situation in the waters of this sea, we can also become accustomed
to the climate of Sofala." ue

He went on to add that “it is only after this phase that we will work with
Mozambican cadres, and thus we will be in a better position to pass on to them
our experience, and to learn with them as well."

Good Prospects

It should be noted that each of the two vessels sent by the GDR to operate in
our country has a length of 250 meters and a capacity of 24 tons. They carry
equipment for traditional fishing, and each is operated by eight technicians.

Since they began their work, the two vessels have caught 35 tons of fish on
two sea trips, and they are preparing to complete a third. Each such effort
lasts an average of five days.

Commenting on production, our source said that although some difficulties still
exist, work is proceeding normally, and he went on to say that the prospects
are promising, "because your sea is very rich. All that is necessary is to”
know how to exploit this wealth.

‘With a view to speed and productivity in our work, we plan to reduce the time
we remain at sea from five to three days," the fishing representative of the
GDR stressed. Comparing production volumes, Horst Seffner stressed that “on °
our first trip we caught three tons in two days, while during the second, we
caught 12 during the same period. We are still correcting errors in order to
increase production, and.perhaps after a month our work will be better."

This individual explained that if the rate of production remains at the current
level, it can be expected that the experimental project will lead to a catch of
2,160 tons of fish next year. “our idea is to place the fish on the ‘market
immediately in order to avoid deterioration and other problems," he said.

One of the difficulties encountered by the crew members of these ships during

their. fishing activity had to do with insufficient facilities for preserving
the fish, since these vessels do not have cold storage systems on board.

69



I would like to take this opportunity to express our gratitude for the dedi-
cated fashion in which Haile Marien, the outgoing acting President of the OAU,
has focused all of his energy and wisdom on making possible the holding of this
summit meeting, of which we expect the achievements needed to revitalize the
principles of African unity and fraternity. The objective and brilliant
analysis of the main problems facing Africa and the militant political posi-
tions adopted in his report constitute a valuable contribution to the work of
this summit meeting.

On behalf of the delegation accompanying me and for my own part, I wish to
offer the most sincere thanks to the people of Ethiopia and its government for

the hospitality accorded to us.

To all of the delegations participating in this conference, and thanks to which
its holding has been made possible, I want to voice greetings and to wish you

the best success in our work.

Mr. President:

Your unanimous election to direct the destiny of our organization is the most
eloquent proof of the prestige, sympathy and admiration you enjoy, thanks to
your own merit, on our continent. Your experience, personal virtues and wisdom
make us absolutely certain that you will carry out your task with success. I
congratulate you for having responded to the desire of the member nations by
accepting this mandate, and I wish you the best of success.

The participation of the People's Republic of Angola in this summit meeting
comes just one day after the celebration of the ninth anniversary of ‘our
independence, to achieve which the Angolan people had to travel a long and
winding path in the process of the armed struggle we waged against Portuguese
colonialism for 14 years. These were 14 years of triumphant war by the people,
led by the MPLA, during which the Western powers and the regime in South Africa
always took the side of colonialism, both on the battlefield and on the inter-

national scene.

As you know, the People's Republic of Angola has since the initial proclamation

of its independence lived in the shadow of a war imposed upon us by the impe-
rialists, through racist South Africa, which has hindered and even threatened

the harmonious achievement of our development programs and the resulting i
satisfaction of the legitimate desires of the Angolan people. i

There have thus been 23 consecutive years in which the Angolan people have not
known peace, added to the 5 centuries of cruel colonization and unfettered i

exploitation.

The Angolan People's Republic occupies an important geographic position on the
continent, and the independent path it has freely chosen for its development
naturally collides with the various interests of the imperialists pertaining to
our economic potential, which the great capitalist powers have been accustomed
to exploiting with ease and without benefit to our people. It is within this
context that they use every available resource, including armed aggression, to

24



Agostinho Rufasse commented, moreover, on the present status of the transporta—
tion machinery. He stressed that a part of the equipment is out of use due to
the lack of batteries, radiators and tires, among other mechanical components.
These problems are the reason for the inactivity of two of the four container
machines, with a capacity of 20 tons, which the sector has.

Information obtained by DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE from that official indicates that,
also with regard to maintenance of port equipment, the first cadre-training
course for those who will have the task of providing technical maintenance for
all the machinery found in this sector of activity is now under way.

However, our source did not specify how many participants are taking part,

stressing that the course is limited to the port improvement project
described.

5157
CSO: 3442/91

67



LIBERIA

JONES ATTRIBUTES SAGGING ECONOMY TO TAX EVASION, CORRUPTION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 19 Oct 84 pp 1, 6

[Article by Sam H. Johnson]

[Text]

Finance Minister G.
Alvin Jones has said
that in 60 days, the
nation's sagging eco-
nomy will definitely

take an upward trend.
As the first step

towards
this, Minister Jones
says beginning next
week he intends to
boost revenue intake
by personally. supervi-
sing duty collection
at the Monrovia Free
Port, Robert Interna—
tional Airport and
other ports of entry,
an exercise which he
has carried out on
several occasions be-
fore with success.

"If need be, I will
operate my office from
the Free Port (which
is government's main
source of revenue),
the finance minister
said in an interview
with this paper yes-
terday.

The Finance Mini-
ster's 60-day vow

achieving~

comes in the wake of
last Monday's cabinet
meeting at which the
Liberian Leader ex-
plained disappointment
over government's
present revenue in-
‘take.

Minister Jones ad-
mitted that tnere is
a need to improve cur-
rent tax collection
although: the Special
Task Force has been
successful so far in
collecting arrears.

He attributed the
decline in’ revenue
collection to three
factors: evasion of
taxes, dishonesty among
finance ministry. em-
Pployees and the abuse
of duty-free privile-
ges granted some busi-
nessmen as investment
incentives.

He also said "con-
fidence problem" ca-
used by recent events
within the country had
affected the financial
situation, but noted

60

that things were im-
proving now that ten-
sion was abating.

He conceded that the
practice of soliciting

bribe is’ prevalent
among employees of his
ministry.

Mr. Jones observed
that. tax collectors
are conniving with bu-
sinessmen to evade
payment of duties on
goods entering the
Free Port. a

Reports from the mi-
nistry even tell of
employees there soli-
citing tips to pro-
cess forms for. busi-
ness individuals want-
ing to pay their
taxes.

The Finance Minister
threatened to take
stern measures against
corrupt employees, and
appealed to the busi-
ness community to re-
port employees who
solicit tips in the
performance of their
duties.



State Secretary Alexander Haig had told him in Jamba that if the Cubans do
not depart they must be willing to shed blood. UNITA wants to maintain a
strong stand with respect to the Cubans.

UNITA says that there are 40,000 Cubans in the country. At first. U.S. spokesmen
were saying the Cubans numbered between 15,000 and 20,000; subsequently they said
there are 30,000 of them. Now they are saying that only "combat" troops must leave.
This means that intelligence officers, pilots and planning personnel can stay.

UNITA has information that during the past 3 weeks the MPLA government has been
bringing in 2,500 black cubans. "Who is going to tell the difference between
black Cubans and black Angolans?"

This shows that they are not negotiating in good faith with the United States.
Even while they are talking about the withdrawal of the Cubans they are trying
to hide something. UNITA has proof of this.

The MPLA regime is hiding other cards under the table and the United States is
not going to like it.

With respect to this,Dr Savimbi pointed out that the MPLA government is planning
to grant citizenship to the Cubans who have served in this country. (This
implies that the Cubans would then remain in Angola as would-be Angolan citizens.)

UNITA has intercepted intelligence to the effect that the MPLA government admits
that South Africa is no longer a threat to it. UNITA is the threat and the reason
why they want to keep the Cubans in the country.

Dr Savimbi said that UNITA wants to be a part of the peace arrangements so that
there will not by any "complications." It is in the interest of those who are
negotiating for peace (in the south-west Africa-Angola dispute) to include
UNITA.

During the parade in Jamba in which 1,000 UNITA troops took part and was attended
by 8,000 UNITA supporters three Bulgarian citizens who were captured in Angola
were released. .

The three Bulgarians are not waiting for the Red Cross to help them get out of
the country. Two MPLA officers and a Cuban soldier who went to UNITA were also
shown to the international press group. The Cuban said that the morale of the
Cubans is very low.

7964
cso: 3401/15

17



Braspetro, for example, is currently pumping 12,000 barrels a day from
the Essungo field in the Congo river basin, in conjunction with Texaco,
Total and Sonangol. ‘According to the. same source contacted by ANGOP,
a very promising field is that of East Lombo, which is to undergo
exploration starting the first quarter of next year. [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in ‘Portuguese 16 Oct 84 p 2] 12430

COUNTRY JOINS IFAD--Through a resolution inserted in DIARIO DA REPUBLICA,
the Permanent Committee.of the Popular Assémbly approves the participa-
tion of the People's Republic of Angola [RPA] in the. agreement ‘to
establish the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD).
The IFAD agreement, adopted in Rome on 13 June 1976, is aimed at
accumulating and supplying additional financial resources for the
agricultural development of member nations.: To accomplish this’ objec-
tive, the "fund" furnishes financial assistance principally for projects
and programs specifically aimed at establishing, developing or improving
food production systems and strengthening policies and institutions
within the framework of national priorities and strategies, taking

into account the need to increase’ that production in countries which
are experiencing greater food shortages. Another objective is to
increase the potential for additional production in. other. developing
countries as well as to point out the importance of improving the
nutritional level and living conditions of the poorer classes in
developing countries. This participation is also in keeping with RPA's
foreign policy which.is oriented around the struggle for the establish-
ment of a new international order among all nations, that is, the
inauguration of a new International Economic. Order based on mutual
respect for national sovereignty, territorial integrity and other norms
and principles of contemporary international law spelled out in the

"UN Charter." [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Nov

84 p 3] 8568

CZECHOSLOVAK WOMEN CONGRATULATE OMA--Through a communique, the Central
Committee of the Czechoslovak Women's Union congratulated the Angolan
Women's Organization [OMA] on the occasion of the ninth anniversary

of RPA's independence. The communique asserts that the women of that
country will continue to support’ the efforts of the Angolan women to
preserve the revolutionary triumphs achieved in connection with the
new progressive society. The message reads in part as follows: "The
women of Czechoslovakia resolutely condemn all attempts by racist South
Africa and any internal reactionary forces which, with the aid of
international imperialism, are seeking to destroy the independence
and progressive involvement of our country." The communique ends with
these words: "Accept, dear Angolan comrades, the complete assurance

34



SIX YEARS AGO, political analysts. convincingly
predicted that Namibia would be free long before Zim-
babwe, since the former consisted merely of the transfer of
administrative authority from South Africa to’ African
hands, Zimbabwe, on the other hend, was, like South Africa
itself, a white colonial enclave whose liberation was perceiv-
ed as much more difficult.

ALAS, THANKS TO the combined pressure of many
African governments, the OAU and the forthrigktness of the
Thatcher government in dealing with the issue, Zimbabwe is
today a free country, while the independence of Namibia still
hangs in the balance.

AS FOR SOUTH Africa itself, the U.S. government has
taken a favorable attitude toward the so-called constitutional
reforms, which’ Washington knows are not only unfair and
unjust, but short-sighted because they exclude the over-
whelming Biack mejority.

WE KNOW OF no pressure applied by Washington on the
South African government (o desist from going ahead with
such an unworkable and unfortunate policy.

THE WORLD XNOW’S that it is the United States that
holds the trump card on the Namibian issue. This is not only
because of the extensive U.S. investments in South Africa.
The ,U.S. is the leader and ultimate defender of the free
world, of which South Africa likes to call herself a part,

SOUTH AFRICA IS also of strategic interest to ‘the
United States and for this reason’ the U.S. is working with
Pretoria to ensure that these interests are secure and utilized
to the fullest.

BUT THESE STRATEGIC interests hold much more at
stake for the South Africans and the protection of their evil
system of apartheid than they do for the United States.

AS THE U.S. elections draw nearer — barely two weeks
away — we know that there is not much that the Reagan ad-
mi ration can do about an issue they have failed to deal
with in four years.

HOWEVER, IT 1S important for the U.S. to know that to
Daftle and frustrate an oppressed and suffering people is one
sure way of sending them helter skelter in search of another

. friend — a friend who may not be on the best of terms with
America.

THE AMERICANS MUST also reflect on why they are
finding it so difficult and so costly to promote democracy
and human rights in Latin America. The critical question is,

what was Washington’s attitude, in the early days toward the

ANCs and SWAPOs of Latin America?

cso: 3400/315

54



ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS SENDS MESSAGE TO CHERNENKO
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Nov 84 p 1

[Text] Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, president of the MPLA-Labor
Party and People's Republic of Angola, sent Konstantine Chernenko,
secretary of the CPSU and president of the Supreme Soviet. of the USSR,
the following telegram: ;

"Upon the commemoration of the 67th anniversary of the great October
Socialist Revolution, I am using ‘this means to convey to you my warmest
congratulations on behalf of the Angolan people, the Central Committee
of the MPAL-Labor Party and the government of the People's Republic of
Angola.

"A total of 67 years has passed since that moment when the revolutionary
workers, farmers, soldiers and intellectuals overthrew the power of

the middle class and established the first socialist state in Russia,
and since then, it has not ceased to increase the number of countries
and political forces .which adhere to the principles of Marxism-Leninism.

"The application of those.principles of creative form to the conditions
of the Soviet Union: has enabled your great party to transform your
country into one of the major world powers and verify the viability

of the theory of the proletariat.

"We share in the avowed jubilation of the Soviet people in their celebra-
tion of the significant victories they have achieved over imperialism
and its agents and the progress they have made in the economic, social,
scientific and technical sectors.

"We express to the peoples of the Soviet Union and to the Central Committee
of their Communist Party our best wishes for progress and prosperity

and reaffirm our strong desire to continue to further the relations of
friendship, solidarity and cooperation existing between our peoples,
parties and states.

"Accept, Comradé Secretary General, the expression of my esteemed con-
sideration."

8568
CSO: 3442/96

20



throughout the country," he added; these young have shown that they would
not accept injustice, and this is why they represent a force with which we
shall have to reckon.

The mayor of the Port then showed that the scope of the youth movement should
be assessed carefully. "When the young demonstrated," he said, "they were
protecting the interests of their parents." Paul Verges then showed the in-
justice that prevails in the present system of scholarships, which are taken
away from families to pay for school cafeterias.

As far as the struggles of the young are concerned, the deputy to the Eurom:
pean parliament offered two observations. The first is that "all parents
should look with respect upon the young" who have fought for the vital in~
terest of families. The second is that it was only through their struggle
that the young won: if*they -had not demonstrated, they would not have obtained
anything.

Paul Verges also demonstrated how serious were the precisions contained in
minister Chenevement's letter to communist mayors. Alignment onthe system
used in the mother cowitiy will affect the granting of ‘scholarships and
nothing has been settled in this respect: eventually, the government intends
to deny scholarships to 13,000 children within the next 2 ‘or 3 “years. "Thou-
sands of poor families’ are’ threatened," -he ‘said. aes

This alignment should be seen in relation with the Problem of the corrective
index for government officials: ~ Indeéd, ‘under the prévious ' system, ‘scholar~
ships were attributed‘on-the basis ‘of the! corréctive indéx used for govern-
ment officials. And’ alignment consistéd in abolishing it... The mayor of
the Port then spoke of the psychological mistake of government officials

who did not undetstand ‘that they, too, were concerned’ by the scholarship
issue and who remained passive or even blamed the youth» movement and called
for repression.

In this réspéct, we should émphasize the responsible attitude of the General
Confederation 6f Labor of Reunion,’ the Women's Union of Reunion,”and the
General Confederation of Labot of the Postal Administration, which spoke in
favor of thé’ “young and gave ‘them all their solidarity and support. .
$

4p : .

"The Violence of Powerty"

After that, Paul ‘Verges “demoristrated the profound meaning of ‘the yéuth's
struggle. . bes z t

"The young did not - Fight only for their scholarships; "he said: «"The merit
of the young is that they camé out of obscurity."-A whole’ segment ‘of the

hich is subjected to "social violence" burst onto the Reunion

The young ‘ ‘showed ‘that they havé the right to live and that they will snever*
accept injustice. “Paul Verges spoke of the “violence of poverty" which means
"not having enough to eat everyday." In addition, under present conditions,
most of thdse who até unemployed ‘are young people. After pointing out. that

87



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

AID FROM STUDENTS ABROAD--Each Cape Verdian student in ‘the Republic of Cuba
will contribute 10 percent of his or her scholarship for the purchase of
medicines which will subsequently be sent to our country. ‘They will go to aid
victims of the torrential rains and storms which pounded the country last
September. According to reports received in our editorial office, this deci-
sion was approved at a general assembly of the Organization of Cape Verdian
Students (OECV), at which the Cape Verdian charg d'affaires in Havana,

Armindo Cruz, presided. [Excerpt] [Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 3 Nov 84
p 5] 5157

CSO: 3442/92

41



International Monetary Fund (IMF) be seen here? No! It is true that the IMF
has its "formulas," but the reality is that our country has never been wil-
ling to swallow "bitter pills." The discussions undertaken between partners
led to a dynamic compromise, allowing us both to advance our development pro-
grams and to obtain the financial means needed to satisfy certain of our
needs.

But the discussion is not about that. The conduct pursued, far from pleasing
us, calls us instead to greater sacrifice. Thus we must face up with even
more determination to the tests awaiting us, above all since the rainy season
this year did not measure up to our hopes.

The present budget was drafted under the slogan of financial recovery. This
presumes rigorous control of our monetary mass, which will allow us gradually
to reduce our balance of payments deficit and at the same time to guarantee
price stability, while maintaining, and if necessary stepping up, our rate of
growth. And this is why we are again called upon to persevere in rigor and
efficiency in management!

The task is complex and the stakes vital. But we must, whatever the price,
win the wager. The political will is there in any case, and that is the
essential thing.

5157
CsO: 3419/155

82.



“Health Officer, “a Maritime
Pilot, a Coast Guard Officer,
and an Immigration Officer.

Mr. Miller said these actions,
among other things, are intend-
ed to sabotage the operation of
the Union and such saboteur,
“he claimed, was the Lamco
Management which has
“misconstrued the entire case
and given wrong impression on
the matter to government.”

Contacting Lamco’s
management on the matter, the
Administrative Manager, Mr.
Lami Kawah, said that Lamco
is not opposed to the Union
organizing itself. Nor does
Lamco have objections to the
Union performing watchman
or gangway-man services pro-
vided that such arrangements
‘are mutually agreed between
the Union and Captain,

“In other words, the Union
may offer its services for hire
and negotiate for same with the
Captain, but may not impose
such services on them," Mr.
Kawah said.

He noted that with all
necessary explanation surroun-
ding Management's position on
the matter, the Union insists
that by probiting its By-Laws
and Constitution, the act is an
authorization by government

cso: , 3400/315,

for the Union to control all ac:
tivities in the Ports of Liberia,

-including the Port of Buchanan

which, according to Mr.
Kawah, is built and operated
by Lamco, under its Conces-
sion Rights.

He said in view.of this action
Lamco, on the -other hand,
‘maintained that in'keeping with
its Concestion Agreement with
government, which Agreement
is still-valid and in full force,
“no organization may interfere
in Lamco’s oper: merely
by virtue of the fact that the
By-Laws and Constitution of
such an organization have been
probited in Court.””

Another source in Buchanan
said that Lamco’s position in
the matter is not to.bar the
Union from operation. But the
source noted that the stipula-
tions within the Regulation of
the Union could not allow any
company to accept. :

The source said that accor-
ding to the Regulation, the
Union shall have ‘‘ali right to
recfuit and control all
stevedores and casual workers
and general port workers who
are employed by any Manage-
ment.”

it makes .it mandatory that
all contractual jobs at the
warious seaports in the country
‘be turned over to the Union to
perform jobs like loading and

59

unloading of vessels.

The source also said that the
Regulation stipulates that for
the safety of the vessel, its crew
and cargoes, the Union shall
have the right and full authori-
ty at all times to charge and in-
spect baggage, wrapped load
and hand grips entering and
leaving the vessel.

“For the safety of the vessel
and its crew, the Safety Team
of the Union shall inspect a
vessel to ascertain that it is in
better condition to ensure its
sea worthiness”, it said.

Such ‘mandatory actions are
what management is opposing,
the source.conicluded.



NIGER

FAO, NETHERLANDS DONATE FOODSTUFFS STORAGE FACILITIES
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 22 Oct 84 pp 1,3
[Article by 0. Z.]

[Text] The regional cooperatives union of Niamey department has been given 11
storehouses with operating equipment, a gift of the FAO and the Netherlands
Government. .

The official turnover ceremony was conducted by the secretary general of
Niamey prefecture in the presence of the Netherlands consul and represent—
atives of the cooperatives.

On this occasion, the FAO representative, Salah Niare, stated that in addition
to this investment, costing 101,312,631 CFA francs, there is the program for
training the managers of these storehouses and the salaried personnel of the
cooperative markets for the total of 11,374,350 CFA francs.

He added that this package is part of an overall figure of U.S. $1,669,600
financed by the Netherlands in the context of the program for "support to
organizations involved in marketing and management of grain stocks of the
Nigerien Foodstuffs Office-Niger Credit and Cooperation Union (OPVN-UNCC).”
The purpose of this program is to promote increased food security for our
country by improving the qualifications of some of the personnel of the OPVN,
UNCC, and agriculture staff; improvement of the management of OPVN; and
increase in storage capacities in the less well-equipped cooperatives,
particularly in the rice-growing areas.

In regard to the first objective, it involves training programs at all levels
being developed for part of the staff and personnel of these three
organizations. As for the second objective--improvement of the management of
OPVN, technical assistance is being provided by three experts (in management,
training and accounting).

In regard to increasing storage capacity in the cooperatives, the 11
storehouses and the training program for cooperative members will help to
solve the problem of storage management, agricultural inputs, marketing of
products, and management of the supply stores for staple products.

Mr Niare concluded by saying that through this program the FAO hopes to help
promote the country's food self-sufficiency and security.

83



ZIMBABWEAN EXPORTS ENCOURAGED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Nov 84 p21

[Text]

DEMAND and good payment
prospects exist in Uganda for a
wide range of Zimbabwean produ-
cts, says the Zimbabwe National
Chamber of Commerce (ZNCC),
which plans to send 2 trade mission
there early next year to coincide
with an exhibition of Zimbabwe
productsinthat country.

According to Mr Richard Hess,
the ZNCC’s,“export promotion
consultant who undertook a recent
preliminary market survey of
Uganda, a combination of high
demand for all sorts’ of imports
and “plenty of money circulating
within the country,’”’ has attracted
businessmen from all over the
world — except Zimbabwe.

“Uganda is quickly recovering
from the devastation caused by the
military regime in the 1970s and
the ensuing liberation war,” Mr
Hess’ report reads. “‘Altbough the
country still appears to be in a bad
way, with many buildings and
roads in dreadful condition, with
services such as electricity, water,
telephones and telex working only
intermittently... the economy is
rapidly picking up.””

Foreign exchange is readily avai-
lable for importers who have the
means to purchase it. “In 1982, a
system of auctioning foreign
exchange was introduced. Under
this system, US$2 million was
auctioned each week and sold to
the highest bidders. These funds
could then be used for payment of
imports. The result of this was to
rapidly bring goods back into the

cs0: .3400/319

shops. Things “suddenly became
available. The authorities have
been very pleased with this system
and plan to continue it. Currently,
US$3,75 million is made available
each week.

‘Although Ugandan importers
require import licences, they are
issued for ‘‘monitoring purposes’”
only, the report goes on. There is
no system of rationing of alloca-
tions. Anyone who wants to legiti-
mately import goods can get a lice-
nce and bid for the foreign cur-
rency, provided he has the neces-
sary local currency.

“Uganda’s total imports in 1983
were US$414 million... Official
statistics show that Uganda -has
never imported from Zimbabwe.
Apart from mineral fuels, the
other major import section is
machinery and transport. This has
been and still is necessary for the
rehabilitation projects. This
presents good opportunities for
some Zimbabwean engineering
firms. Uganda has to import
nearly all its requirements except
for a few raw materials produced
locally. :

“There is demand in Uganda for
many items produced in Zimba-
bwe. These include building mater-
ials, raw materials, intermediate
goods, agricultural implements
and inputs, machinery and spare
parts, water supply equipment
pharmaceuticals, railways stock
and a wide variety of consumer
goods. Quality, price and service
are the vital ingredients to ensure

118

success for Zimbabwe exporters.”
The Ugandan government and
importers in’ that country’ are
generally willing to look to Zimba-
bwe for supplies, states Mr Hess,
but there is a need for Zimba-
bwean exporters to visit Uganda
regularly “‘and demonstrate the
service which can be offered.
“Although at’ the time of the
consultant’s visit nothing had been
implemented regarding the PTA
provisions, both tariff reductions
and payment procedures were
expected to be introduced shortly.
This will give some assistance to
‘Zimbabwean exporters.”
The date for the mission has
been provisionally set at February
11, 1985. Companies interested in
both the ‘exhibition and the
mission, are requested to contact
Ms Rita Choto at the ZNCC in
Harare before November 28.

UGANDA



southern Africa and to independence. in Namibia. At the 19th Summit Meeting, a
detailed report was submitted. by the. Angolan delegation on the compromise,
arranged in Lusaka with South Africa,.and for this reason I do not want to |
repeat what has already been said, since I know that your time is precious.
However, I deem it important. to stress that:

1. The People's Republic of Angola accepted the Lusaka agreement after. the
SWAPO had been informed of and agreed to it. Thus it does not seek to avoid
its responsibilities as an African country with regard to the liberation of
the continent. Quite the contrary, it has sought to contribute to it.

2. This agreement had as its main goal the withdrawal of South African troops
from Angolan territory, as a first step in the direction of implementing United
Nations Security Council Resolution No 435/78.

In view of the situation created by Angola's insistence, the government of
South Africa had to establish direct contact with the SWAPO for the first time,
with a view to arranging a cease-fire agreement which would pave the way for
the implementation of Resolution No 435/78.

However, because the withdrawal of the South African forces from Angola was not
carried out within the specified. time, because of the failure of the talks
between the SWAPO and the regime in Pretoria and the dilatory maneuvers of the
latter, and also with a view to contributing to a solution of the Namibian
problem, the Angolan government initiated new diplomatic steps in the direction
of greater flexibility in the application of the conditions set forth to the
Secretary General of the UN on 26 August 1982 and the joint statements by the
governments of Angola and Cuba dated 4 February 1982 and 19 March 1984.

Thus it provided the American government with a platform containing the basis
for discussion of an overall agreement concerning the security of Angola and
the independence of Namibia, including the following fundamental points:

1. Completion of the withdrawal of South African forces from Angola.

2. Cessation of any type of logistic support to the UNITA puppets, and dis-
mantling of its bases in Namibia.

3. Implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution No 435/78.

4. After the withdrawal of the UN forces from Namibia and the reduction of the
South African contingent to 1500 infantrymen, Angola and Cuba will begin the
gradual reduction of the Cuban internationalist contingent, consistent with the
schedule submitted.

This platform contains the basic points in the official positions of the
Angolan government on this matter. Thus the governments of the United States
of America and South Africa now have yet another opportunity to demonstrate
their seriousness in negotiation and whether or not, they desire in fact to
settle the problems in our .region peacefully on the basis of respect for the
self-determination and sovereignty of the peoples.

28



b) Caste societies, in which the social groups or castes are ranked according
to their degree of religious "purity" or "impurity." Each caste constitutes

a closed world living in isolation according to very strict rules and in morbid
fear of being contaminated by contact with a member of another caste and, in
particular, the lowest caste. :

c) Class societies, which include within each particular class those individ-
uals who "play the same role" or "similar roles" in the production process and
have similar sources of income and, secondarily, fortunes or incomes of com-

parable orders of magnitude, similar lifestyles, common interests, and so on.

In Africa, societies of all three kinds are found in varying degrees of purity.
Despite that great diversity, however, it is possible to outline features com-
mon to all African societies.

In the first place, attention needs to be drawn to the essential and sometimes
paramount role played in all those societies by the community or small group
based on ties of kinship or simply the fact of living in the same area. The
groups in question are tribes, clans, and lineages, but also village communi-
ties. Consisting of members whose mutual interpersonal relationships are "im-
posed" by custom and tradition, these social units draw their strength from
the more or less hermetic totalities which they represent and cultivate to
stress their "opposite" identity from that of the outside world. Solidarity

is expressed primarily among members of the same lineage, the same village
community, or the same country. Usually living within a limited area, the mem-
bers are linked to each other by ties, of blood and marriage that are generally
renewed with each generation. The result is that kinship relations dominate in
social relations.

If we add to that the fact that all the peoples of Africa are strongly oriented
by ancestral tradition, we realize even more fully that the social reality un-
derlying all organization--and prevailing from one end of Africa to the other--
is the ever-hardy reign of traditional customs with everything they may involve
in the way of nepotism. The large extended family is a decisive sociological
reality that dominates and governs, more or less unofficially, people's be-
havior. If a member of one of those families obtains an administrative or |
political post, a crowd.of "brothers," "brothers-in-law," "cousins," and
"uncles" turns up to be supported in various ways that range from purely and
simply moving in with him to asking for lucrative jobs both within the entity
employing him and outside of it. Everything depends on "how long an arm" the
holder of the position: has.

As can be seen, the organization of this "larger family," which encourages
nepotism--out of respect for tradition, moral duty, and who knows what else--
is fertile ground for what is generally termed corruption. At the middle of
the scale, one could interpret that corruption as being the means used by some-
one who has no well-situated "relative" or has no means’ of contact with that
"relative" in time or even space to prevail on someone in a good position to
act not against but in accordance with his duty. Reducing it to the absurd is
the necessary means of finding a justification for the absurdity of corruption:
that chronic illness of certain African bodies which creates and propagates



have been put into use in Ethiopian agriculture. In the port of Assab

on the Red Sea, crane installations of the Takraf crane construction
works VEB, Eberswalde, are responsible for increasing transshipment
productivity. In Gondar in northwestern Ethiopia, East German medical
professionals are training ‘Ethiopian doctors and are active in the medical
faculty's clinic.

With assistance. from the Soviet. Union, a retaining dam with adjoining
power plant is presently being constructed in Malka-Wekana on the Wabi
Shebele river. Once installed; the power plant's capacity should be
152 megawatts. In the spring of 1984, the Czechoslovakian firm,
Skodaexport, .received the contract for. delivery and installation of the
four Francis water turbines and generators. In addition, Skodaexport
will deliver equipment to expand the switching station of ‘the. power
plant. In Assab, the Soviet Union is assisting in the expansion of the
only crude oil refinery in Ethiopia. This plant produced 800,000 tons
of. crude oil in 1982 as compared to 720,000 tons in 1981. Ethiopia
buys about 80 percent of its crude oil from the Soviet Union and the
rest from. Saudia Arabia. The crude oil refinery in Assab was constructed
by the Soviet Union in the 1960's.

The Soviet Union approved a long term credit of $1.8 million for the
construction of a factory for..tractor assembly and the production of
agricultural machinery. In this plant which requires capital -invest~
ments of $8.2 million, 1,000 tractors (80 horsepower) and an unnamed
number of combine harvesters can be produced annually. This plant,
the first of its kind in Ethiopia, began operation in the summer of
1984. Soviet’ experts had prepared an economic study for this plant.

In the summer.of 1984, the Soviet Union and Ethiopia signed a compre-
hensive economic agreement on cooperation in the areas of agriculture,
industry, mining, education, and job training. Consequently, the
Soviet Union will intensify its exploration for gold and crude oil
deposits, will construct a meat products factory and a textile factory
and will help in the expansion of the cement factory in Dire Dawa.

In addition, the Soviet Union has undertaken the construction of a
retaining dam in the lower Awash Valley in the province of Shoa. . From
this dam, it will be possible to'artificially water 60,000 hectares of
arable land. In 1983 the Soviet-Ethiopian exchange of goods’increased
to 186 million rubles. Ethiopian export to the Soviet Union thereby
increased by 36 percent.

Czechoslovakia built three industrial plants which number among the
largest in’ Ethiopia. They include a tire factory, a shoe. factory and a
tannery and were built about 90 km from Addis Ababa on the banks of

the Koki reservoir by the state corporation Investa, Prague. Czecho-
slovakia is also involved in the construction of the above-named textile
factory in Combolcha and is engaged in a brewery project in Harare.

Not too long ago, a leather factory built with assistance from Hungary
was officially dedicated in Addis Ababa. (BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,
30.10.84)

12348
cso: . 3420/18

43



and the movement of people and goods. External factors are the use of armies
and the geopolitical views held by others, notably the big powers.

Belligenic situations include the following in particular:
a) Nonrespect for the principles of the OAU.

b) Defense treaties in the traditional classic mold either between two African
countries or within a given region or subregion, as well as between an African
state and a non-African state.

c) The armament, of increasing abundance and quality, that is being accumulated
on the continent.

d) Diversification by the states of their supply sources for armament.
e) The Law of the Sea.

f) And, naturally, the arrival of atomic weapons.

1. Polemogenic Situations

Polemology, which establishes a rather clear dividing line between the terms
"belligenic" and "polemogenic," considers that the latter term refers to what
is likely to create not a war, which is what the first term implies, but a
conflict. That separation of concepts compels recognition from the standpoint
of the highly noble but very complex goal that is naturally pursued by every
political power in Africa as elsewhere: social peace for the benefit of devel-
opment and, as a consequence, the development of its population. Because while
peace among African nations is indeed, and can only be, the expression of a
shared will constantly affirmed by political leaders, it is nevertheless ad-
visable to emphasize carefully that such peace depends above all on civil peace
within each state on the continent. Civil peace is eroded by polemogenic sit-
uations much more easily than by belligenic situations. And as everyone knows,
a country's military effectiveness, today more than in the past, depends es—
sentially if not exclusively on its economic structures, political institutions,
and--and this deserves special emphasis--the social cohesion prevailing in that
country. This is all the more true in that observation to date has demonstrated
that in Africa, the conflicts that erupt for whatever cause within the states
often have repercussions--not always muted--in the peripheral states.

Organization of African Societies

Historians usually view societies as being divided into three traditional over-
all forms of stratification: .

a) Societies of rank or state societies, in which the stratification consists
of a hierarchy of ranks distinguished not on an economic basis or on the ca-
pacity to consume (a characteristic of the industrial societies), but on the
basis of infatuation--the honor given by that society to the various categories
of "social function."



BENIN

BRIEFS a ne

LIBYAN ENVOY ON CHAD--Comrade Romain Vilon Guezo, intérim head of state,
held an audience 19 September with brother Said Hafiena, special envoy of
the leader of the Libyan revolution, Col Mu'ammar Qadhafi. Brother Said
Hafiena, who was accompanied by brother Omar Sreka, deputy secretary of the
people's bureau of the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, was pre-
sented ‘to the presidential staff by comrade Frederic 'Affo, minister of for-
eign ‘affairs and cooperation. In a statement to the press, brother Said
Hafiena indicated that the purpose of his mission to'the People's Republic
of Benin was to inform our great comrade in arms of recent developments in
the Chadian situation. "Since Benin is an ardent defender of the indepen-
dence and freedom of African’ countries and péoples, we think it can play a
role in that situation," brother Hafiena addéei..'Spéeaking of the relation-
ship of amity, brotherhood, and coopération linking the Socialist People's
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya and our country, the People's Republic of Benin,
prother Said emphasized the "frankness" with which the leader of the Libyan
revolution and our great comrade in arms are addressing the "problems_rela-
ted to independence, freedom, integrity and‘ peace in Africa. ZLexcerpt/ [Cor
tonou BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 357, 358, 21,28 Sep 84 pp 2-3/
6145 “ a

NORWEGIAN PETROLEUM COOPERATION--Comrade Romain Vilon Guezo conferred on 19
September with a Norwegian government delegation led by Mr Arild Rodland,
secretary of state for petroleum and energy. “The delegation also included
Mrs Eivid Reiten, secretary of state for' finance, and Mr Hans Henrik Ramm,
special advisor to the finance ministers The chief of the Norwegian dele-
gation emphasized to the press that the purpose of their mission to our
country is to assess existing cooperation between Benin and Norway, a coop~
eration which, as he pointed out, operates” through Saga Petroleum, a Norwe-~
gian group engaged in prospecting and developing Benin's oil resources. Mr
Arild Rodland further declared that Beninese is an important element in Be-
nin's national economy, and one capable of transforming the ‘character of co-
operation between the two countries. In.that connection he emphasized that
"the presence of a Beninese delegation in Norway while a Norwegian delega-
tion is in Cotonou indicates the day-by-day ‘improvement in Beninese-Norwe-
gian cooperation." cerpt/ {Cotonou BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French
No 357, 358, 21, 28 Sep pp 3-47 6145

37



Teacher training should itself provide for renewal and adaptation. The new
constitutional dispensation is a reality to which the educator must resign
himself. Although an equal standard of education for all population groups
is being put into effect, the standard of white education must not be lowered
to achieve this. Separate schools are a necessity, but this does not mean
total isolation. The school has a duty to bring about contact on an organ-
ized basis in order to help various population groups become better
acquainted. [Text] [Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 1 Nov 84 p 12]
12271

117



"They ought to defend South Africa's position as an area power, however, it is
a fact that if UNITA plays a leading role in Angola, we will be more sympathetic
to the problems of South Africa than anyone else in the continent."

Dr Savimbi's dark eyes penetrate your own when he proceeds to say that after 9

years of "coexisting we understand your concerns as well as your hopes and desires.

Therefore we know you better than anyone else in Africa."

His relations with South Africa is not causing any problems with the Western
World of Africa.

"We in UNITA appreciate the fact that this year there have been such great
steps taken in dialogue (the Nkomati and Lusaka agreements). We encourage the
South Africans to continue on the road to dialogue."

"Something that we also greatly appreciate is the President Botha's courage in
making a beginning for the inclusion of other groups in power sharing and we are
very hopeful that this will be extended to black people."

"We feel that, as a power in this area South Africa has a role to play in
conflicts and in post-conflicts."

Dr Savimbi wore his green beret, with the three stars in the center, horizontally
on top of his head. It was noticeable that he carried his gleaming Ruger
revolver loosely in the holster at his side. The leather strap was not secured
so that the revolver could be taken out quickly. It appeared that the bullets

in the belt around his waist were of the hollow-point type which leave a big hole
where they strike. (Some of his officers, whom he greeted jovially with a
powerful handshake, would tell you that during the latest offensive he was in
the eye lines against their own wishes, doing so because he wants to motivate
his men).

Dr Savimbi said that since 1977 UNITA has not been supported by South Africa, but
by Arab countries such as Egypt, Morocco and Iran and also by Western countries
such as France as well as other countries in Africa.

UNITA has asked South Africa for the logistical support to transport material
coming from Arabic countries. South Africa has transported tons of this
materiel

Dr Savimbi made it. clear that UNITA will not be brought to its knees in the event
that the border with south-west Africa is closed, Steps have already been
taken for alternative logistic routes.

He has not yet entered into negotiations with leaders in Namibia.
"The situation in Namibia is a difficult one and that is the reason why we
have not tried to establish contacts. We are waiting for the situation to

clear up."

Dr Savimbi said that the U.S. Department of State must make its position clear,
because it is not clear to UNITA to make out what they are doing there. Former

16



absolutely that the strong orientation of African armies toward excessive arma-
ment and the procurement of increasingly sophisticated weapons, as well as the
signing by African states of defense agreements with non-African states, are
due to concerns arising from more or less manifest territorial ambitions on
the part of certain states on the continent. But who can state, also abso-
lutely, that they are not?

That harmonization of defense and security policies among the OAU's member
states remains in the sphere of wishful thinking. In its absence, and in the
absence of a defense instrument proper to the OAU, it needs to be pointed out
that failure to respect a single one of the principles stated above undeniably
constitutes a most acute belligenic situation.

Defense Treaties of African States

We said earlier that from the standpoint of geopolitics, sociopolitical logic
and indeed the inevitable necessities of daily routine make it advisable for
each nation-state to be an open system in a constant relationship of coexistence
with the others on its periphery. This naturally suggests other questions to
the political authorities and those responsible for defense in the African
states. Among those questions are the following:

1. What are the strategic and economic possibilities that each state must seek
in its periphery?

2. What is the most appropriate strategic instrument for achieving that objec-
tive?

But even before one gets to those questions, the will to coexist, or rather,
the will to live in unity and solidarity (notably in the case of states which
proclaim and sometimes maintain very favorable good-neighbor relations), are
enough in themselves to pose serious problems in relation to the organization
of security within the states. The reason is that what one state does to en-
sure its own security very naturally strikes the other as a threat to its own.
If that concern for security reaches the point that defense alliances are con-
cluded with an African country other than the peripheral country which is,
justifiably, developing anxiety feelings, that is enough to cast a considerable
pall over bilateral relations. And it is even worse when a country takes cover
under the umbrella of a power or superpower. Fortunately, those umbrellas are
available to every country in Africa. But that is far from helping matters.

Arms Race and Diversification of Supply Sources

The conventional opinion is that preparing for war nowadays consists of imple-
menting a strategy of deterrence--that is, of demonstrating to one's opponent
in a more or less ostentatious manner the potential reliability of one's forces.
That reliability has generally been regarded as a function of the number of
forces, the worth of the troops, and the quality and quantity of their weapons
and possibly of the weapons they may acquire through special agreements. But
while it is difficult to quantify the worth of an army's troops and officers,
especially in Africa, the same is not true of the other two parameters of

iL



Commentary on Black Trade Unions, Strikes

(RAPPORT, 11 Nov 84; DIE TRANSVALER, 9 Nov 84). sees 2106

RAPPORT Discusses Strike, Editorial
DIE TRANSVALER on Unions, Editorial

ATI Experiences Difficulties, Changes Name

(DIE BURGER, 2 Nov 84).. eee 109

Request by AV for Affiliation With FAK To Be Considered

(DIE BURGER, 12 Nov 84).. a eeee e110

Treurnicht Thinks White Majorities in White Areas Possible

(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 13 Nov 84).. eeeee e112

Far Right Influence Seen as Beginning To Wane

(Dawie; BEELD, 14 Nov 84)... ooe114

Briefs
Editorial Praises Buthelezi , 116
Separate Schools _ 116

UGANDA

Zimbabwean Exports Encouraged
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Nov 84)....cececceeccccesceesceeesLl8



Thus, our attitude is:

The state must do mopping up work with the right and power that is its due.

Black leaders must make clear their opposition to’ intimidators and tead their
communities in protest against radical agitators. . 5

Grievances and demands must be formulated clearly and bargained for in nego-
tiations.

Where there is no readiness to negotiate ‘and demands aré not formulated clear~
ly and reasonably, the basis for any demonstrations is lost.

In such a case, the authorities step in to enforce order.

Symptom

Our attitude as stated above does not weaken the other attitude of RAPPORT,
namely that all the unrest is a symptom of a confrontetion in South Africa
which cannot be exorcised by violence.

There are justified grievances, there is a need for a more satisfactory poli-
tical dispensation for blacks. The structures for meaningful negotiation must
become discernible as soon as possible.

The establishment of renewal and reform around the black communities, with
political accommodation as a goal, is an urgent priority. 1

DIE TRANSVALER on’ Unions

Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 9 Nov 84 p 10
[Editorial: "Black Labor Unions"]

[Text] There is nothing wrong with South Africa's labor legislation except
that radical elements in the non-white communities wish to misuse it with
ulterior motives and that white political groups sometimes make’ reproaches
about’ it primarily based on racial discrimination. If meaningful use is made
of the reciprocal protection offered to employer and employee by the ‘laws ‘and
the machinery for negotiation created by them is applied in an orderly fashion,
this can only promote a calm climate for labor. ‘ :

Various attempts have been made recently, primarily by the Left,.to create
unrest in the labor market. Such as the noh-attendance experienced earliér :
this week and the problems at SASOL [South African Coal, Oil ‘and Gas Corpora-
tion] which led to the firing of 6,000 blacks.

It is an abominable situation when proper order is chastised in this way. No
right-thinking South African will ever allow labor unions to be manipulated *
by radicals to such an extent that the country’s labor situation is as dis-
rupted as in the recent events in Britain.

io7



MOZAMBIQUE

IMPROVEMENTS IN NACALA PORT FACILITIES UNDER WAY
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 8 Nov 84 p 4

[Text ] Within the framework of improvements to the loading facilities in the
port of Nacala in the city of the same name in Nampula, work is in progress on
the installation of five loading cranes, two of them with a capacity of 20 tons
and the balance with a capacity of 5,000 kilograms. In this connection, the
administration of that railroad-port complex will increase its efforts to
guarantee repair and maintenance of all equipment in use there, as well as to
encourage greater worker productivity.

Agostinho Rufasse, general director of the port of Nacala, said in talking to
DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE reporters who visited that city some days ago that the
work of installing the cranes mentioned above was begun during the first half
of this year, and it is expected that it will be completed shortly.

This official went on to say that the execution of this work has been under-
taken by a domestic enterprise, Cometal-Mometal, which also produces this
equipment. The work in question is rather well along, in the view of our
interlocutor.

Thus the port of Nacala, one of the most important in the country, will after
the completion of the work described above have 15 cranes on the general load-
ing warves, two of the 13 with a capacity of five tons, one with a capacity of
10 and the others with a capacity of 20,000 kilograms.

It was noted that the port of Nacala occupies an extremely important position
in the handling of freight for neighboring countries, particularly Malawi, a
matter which was seriously discussed in connection‘ with improvements in the
trade relations between our two countries during the recent visit paid to that
African nation by President Samora Machel. |

Maintenance

On the subject of the maintenance of the equipment located in the port of
Nacala, it is expected that a team of technicians in the railroad-port sector
from the GDR will arrive before the end of this year. They will undertake a
survey of the condition of the transport and crane equipment, among other
machines, and will then establish a plan for the recovery and repair of the
damaged items.

66



ANGOLA

CLEMENCY GRANTED TO 40 FORMER UNITA MEMBERS IN HUILA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Nov 84 p 2

[Text] A total of 40 compatriots who belonged to the counterrevolutionary
group, UNITA, including one "captain," and who on 2 October surrendered
voluntarily to the Defense and Security Forces of Cunene Province,
received clemency from the Angolan authorities in this city.

These compatriots, who left the jungle accompanied by 30 citizens, did
so because of intense disagreements prevalent within that puppet group,
particularly with regard to tribalism.

Antonio N'Dufica, one of the individuals who received clemency and

who, as a soldier, had taken part in placing mines and staging ambushes,
confessed that internal contradictions among the counterrevolutionary
traitors and the atrocities which they are committing against defense-
less people are the reasons for his abandonment of the group.

N'Dufica also said that strong differences of opinion now exist in both
Angola and Namibia between individuals without a country and South
Africa inasmuch as the latter intends to stop supporting the policy
promulgated by those individuals and inasmuch as it (South Africa)

has nothing to gain from the military support it has been giving them.

"Captain" Geraldo Waliuea in turn, who, like the other members involved,
carried out his activities in Cunene Province from the counter-
revolutionary camp called " Cafima," asserted that there is presently
unprecedented disorganization within that puppet faction and that there
is therefore a possibility in the near future that hundreds of other
counterrevolutionaries will surrender to the Angolan authorities, some
of the former already preparing to emerge from the jungle.

Through the news media, Geraldo Waliuea advised his former companions
still in the jungle that the information circulating among them to the
effect that the Angolan authorities are killing the exiled members who
voluntarily surrender is completely false, and he appealed to all his
fellow citizens actively serving in UNITA to surrender in order. to
participate in national reconstruction.

21



Utilization of Armies

Utilization of armies? It must be admitted that what we are really talking
about is their underutilization or poor utilization: underutilization and poor
utilization from the standpoint both of the purpose of armies in principle and
of the OAU's ideals.

Far back in history--the history of places other than Africa--the military in-
stitution was established especially to conquer territory (making it the main
source of wealth) and to defend the values of the dominant class both at home
and abroad. Since in our day the surface--the entire surface--of the globe has
been divided up and distributed in the form of geographic zones and zones of
influence or authority, an army's role consists chiefly of deterrence abroad
of any attempt to challenge that division and of deterrence at home of any hint
of action against the established order. In the case of certain big powers,
the army may also go to the help of friendly countries. It is always a matter
of preserving the status quo.

As far as the OAU Charter is concerned, articles II and III of that charter
clearly define the objectives and principles of the African organization that
is open to all of the continent's independent countries.

Article II says that the organization's objectives are the following:

"a) To promote the unity and solidarity of the African states.

"b) To coordinate and intensify their cooperation and efforts to achieve a bet-
ter life for the peoples of Africa.

"c) To defend their sovereignty, territorial integrity, and independence.
"d) To eradicate all forms of colonialism from Africa.

"e) To promote international cooperation, having due regard to the Charter of
the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

"To these ends, the member states will coordinate and harmonize their general
policies, especially in the following fields:

Ma) Politics and diplomacy.

"b): Economics, transportation, and communications.
"e) ‘Baucation and culture.

na) Health, sanitation, and nutrition.

"e) Science and technology.

"£) Defense and security."



Parallel with this direct military intervention, and using as. supplements other
forces whose operations it directs, the regime in South Africa has sent armed
UNITA [National Union for the Total Independence of Angola] gangs into areas
north of those occupied, dropping them on various regions from planes at night,
and also dropping weapons, ammunition and food’ supplies by parachute. It is
important to note that in the specific case of Angola, South Africa has placed
its bet on Jonas Savimbi's UNITA as an alternative to the legitimate government
of the People's Republic of Angola, even going so far as to invite that leader
to attend the official inauguration ceremonies for Pieter Botha. This in’ it-
self perhaps would not have been scandalous had Savimbi not made it a point,
through his presence there, to flaunt before Africa and the world the alliance
he has established with the most. inhumane regime on our. planet.

In view of these facts, we believe that there can be no further doubt as to the
concept of liberation advocated by Savimbi, and it is for this reason that we
were wholly amazed at the silence maintained in Africa concerning this unpre-
cedented event, since what we are faced with is a betrayal of the interests of
all of independent Africa, consummated in an alliance of a so-called African
with what our organization has declared to be the number one enemy of all of
Africa. :

Mr President:

In order to provide some idea of the true dimensions of South African aggression
in our country, I will provide certain figures to illustrate the scope of the
damage done to the Angolan economy.

1. The attack on the Lumaum hydroelectric plant in the province of Benguela, ;
in June 1983, and again in July 1984, leaving the cities of Benguela and Lobito,
of vital economic importance to our country, without electricity.

2. The sabotage of the Gulf Oil Company installations in Cabinda.

3. . The sabotage of two freighters transporting foods and’ other goods to the
various civilian sectors for national reconstruction, in Luanda Bay on 30 July

1984.

4. The blowing up of fourteen Benguela Railroad locomotives in Lobito ‘in
September 1984, using mines manufactured .in Israel.

5.. The sabotage of the high tension towers carrying electricity to Luanda,
leaving the capital city without light and water for 4 days.

All of these are facts which reveal the implementation of a strategic plan by
racist South Africa with a view to completely destroying stability in the ©
People's Republic of Angola. a

Mr President:

The methods of destroying stability used by South Africa are identical in all

26



Consequently, the Socialist Party in the majority and in power must assume
its responsibility for protecting our young democracy which has undertaken
to take over and organize the country. If not, attorney Wade will have
been right to say that "Senegalese democracy is bugging off." And he
will only be mistaken in the names of its destroyers.

9772
CSO: 3419/138

95



the plundering that took place at the Oasis High School was "regrettable~-
yet, "all the 'nacos' in the world weigh less than the broken future of a
single Reunion scholarship student," Paul Verges had told the Port Municipal
Council--he stated that "a high official has no right to lose his head."

And, speaking of what took place at the Port, he pointed out that the
Municipal Council had been unanimous on Monday evening to ask the government
to stop all legal proceedings and to set up a commission of enquiry. Finally,
he explained why "the struggle of the young is the struggle of all the poor
and all social classes in Reunion."

Worsening of the Crisis

During his intervention, Paul Verges also pointed out that the crisis is
worsening and, in particular, will affect all planters next year. He showed
that the 1.27-percent increase in 1985 budget allocations was quite inadequate
and that this would result in increasing unemployment. He then pointed out
to studies made by the IDR Lexpansion unknown] and by the University, project—
ing 100,000 unemployed in 4 years. After making several comments on Mr Le-
moine's position on the question of the TUC Cexpansion unknown] :and on that
of the Young-Child Allowance, Paul Verges indicated that the situation would
be worse next year. "How can a leftist government have such a policy?"

Paul Verges asked.

Finally, the general secretary of the Reunion Communist Party explained that
the young fought for the application of a law that has not been applied for

10 years. "The struggle for justice will continue," he said, and through
their struggle "the young have shown the way to all those on the island who
are unemployed." "The great illusions of 1981 have been replaced by dis-

appointment and a renewed determination to achieve changes," Paul Verges
concluded.

Lemoine Scores Students

Saint-Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 8 Nov 84 p 3

{Article: "Georges Lemoine Had Hardly Landed When He Condemned the Movement
of Secondary School Students For Free Meals and Scholarships For Those En~
titled to Them; His Statement Shows That the Socialist Government Has Failed
to Understand the Historical Importance of the Struggle of Tens of Thousands
of Reunion Youngs"]

[excerpt] Upon his arrival at Gillot yesterday, Mr Lemoine
condemned the movement of secondary school students which,
in his opinion, was "unnecessary." He also confirmed that
there would be nearly no credit for development projects
and was not optimistic concerning the extension of the
Young-Child Allowance to Reunion.

The secretary of state to overseas departments and territories arrived yes~
terday morning at Gillot from Seychelles, in the private plane of President
Albert Rene. He was met at the airport by the commissioner of the Republic
accompanied by high prefecture officials and vatious political personalities

88



Article III, which deals with principles, says this:

"The member states, in pursuit of the purposes stated in article II, solemnly
affirm their adherence to the following principles:

"1, The sovereign equality of all member states.

"2. Noninterference in the internal affairs of states.

"3, Respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of each state and for
its inalienable right to independent existence.

"4, Peaceful settlement of disputes by negotiation, mediation, conciliation, or
arbitration.

"5, Unreserved condemnation of political assassination as well as of subversive
activities on the part of neighboring states or any other states.

"6. Absolute dedication to the total emancipation of the African territories
which are not yet independent.

"7, Affirmation of a policy of nonalignment with regard to all blocs."

It will strike even the least attentive observer that African armies as a whole
are based resolutely on the strategy of deterrence. As everyone knows, that
strategy of deterrence is a strategy not of nonutilization but of threatened
utilization. The question that comes naturally to mind is this: who, pre-
cisely, is the object of that threatened use? No political leader of an inde-
pendent African state would dare answer that the object is another independent
country on the continent. And for good reason!

In practice, therefore, the armies, whose literal mission it is to ensure the
defense and territorial integrity of the countries that established them, find
themselves in an awkward position both strategically and tactically.

This is so strategically because in practice, the defense policies of the
states do not "follow" the basic principles of the states themselves or, even

less, those of the OAU.

It is so tactically because as a result of that strategic ambiguity, it is dif-
ficult to form any kind of doctrine.

In that case, you ask, what is it in general that African armies do? My answer
to you is that naturally, they prepare for war. African armies prepare for
wars so as not to have to wage any. Very naturally, that answer raises other
questions. And it is precisely those questions which, if answered, would bring |
about many changes in application as regards both the organization and the use
of African armies. Since those armies did not come into being like those in
the East and the West, it would be futile--to say the least--for them to want
to imitate the "philosophies" of the latter.



SENEGAL

COMMENTARY ON PLP TACTICS, OBJECTIVES
Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 8 Nov 84 p 3
[Article by Mass Diack: "For A Military Dictatorship...?"]

[Text] One day the attorney Abdoulaye Wade of the PDS [Senegalese Democratic
Party] stated there were two ways to win over the government: the democratic
way and the way of armed force. The attorney of Babacar Niang, leader of
the PLP [People's Liberation Party] a convinced Marxist-leninist, and
supporter of the theory of encircling cities beginning with the countryside,
said nothing more than that during a press conference.

He simply stated that our country was about to take the road that leads
straight to a military coup d'etat, which he himself, in principle, does

not condemn. There could not be a clearer call to the army. It is well
known that for some time the latter has become the object of the opposition's
special attention. True, it is far from the direct and clumsy appeal which
formerly almost made the PDS leader pay dearly. Today the tactic is quite
different; they proceed by little steps.

And while Abdoulaye Wade has accustomed us to his sensational positions,
which in the end have no major repercussions, Babacar Niang,on the other
hand, is too prudent a man to commit himself rashly.

So, one should not be surprised if the PLP, contrary to the great majority
of the opposition, should today. decide to participate in the forthcoming
communal and rural elections, even if its leader states he "has no illusion
about the will and ability of the government to organize normal elections."
All that derives from a well thought out strategy having a certain Marxist
logic, which seeks to profit from all the weapons offered by the adversary
and sweep in to all the breaches left open.

One should therefore make no mistake about attorney Babacar Niang's true
intentions. His first objective of course remains the conquest of power,
but not the democratic way. The chosen weapon seems instead to be that

of brainwashing and destabilization. And it is important to place in this
context the statements of the PLP leader to the National Assembly when he
called for an appreciable increase in the material potential of our army,
on the grounds that security should take priority over development problems.

94



added: "After prosperity comes disaster," a reason for which he prefers the well-
being of the people.

The speech by Medoune Fall, which preceded the one by the caliph, was not a
declaration of allegiance, as everyone expected. The tone certainly was cour-
teous, but the content was nonetheless rather distant and not very forthcoming.
For example, he did not praise the good relations between Abdou Diouf and Serigne
Abdoul Ahad. He merely emphasized, in passing, that they were excellent, before
asking the caliph to pray for the prosperity of the country, which is going
through a difficult period.

This exchange of courtesies took place 24 hours after the Magal de Touba as such
was held. The festival commemorates the departure into exile of Sheikh Ahmadou
Bamba, the founder of the Mourides community. This festival brings to Touba a
large number of men and women, who come by train, bus, and fast automobiles, or
who come on the backs of donkeys or on foot. However, it should be noted that
this was in no way comparable to the crowds of past years, as the present economic
circumstances have had their effect. And as the peanut harvest had just began,
this did not make things any easier.

Fervor

During the 2 days of the festival of the Magal de Touba religious fervor was evi-
dent everywhere in Touba where, in each residential area, shrines had been erec-
ted to the glory of the prophet. Meanwhile, in front of the great mosque, where
the successors of Serigne Touba lie buried, crowds of people formed and broke up
along the streets, with clashes frequently taking place. In effect, everyone
wanted to pray before the tomb of Serigne Falilou Mbacke or kiss the threshold or
door of the mosque. ,

Finally, the Magal de Touba is a place for the sale of products which are usually
prohibited. The transactions take place with the police looking on unconcernedly.
They are charged with ensuring order and regulating the traffic. Everything can
be bought in Touba, except cigarettes, which, of course, are prohibited there.
You can buy anything from pistols (there are plenty of models available) to pro-
ducts for lightening the color of the skin (or "khessal"--made in Gambia).

However, contrary to the practice in past years, the Magal de Touba this year was
not particularly good business for the merchants of Touba. The organizers of
"night life" even so did good business in Mbacke (7 kilometers from Touba), where
perversions and debauchery are still a common practice. Until when? They expect
the caliph to look the other way because, as one observer was saying: "A good re- -
ligious leader should wear eyeshades."

5170
CSO: 3419/175

99



Square Off

In any case his "explanation" is a reflection on all decent Transvaalers and
it is an insult to the Capelanders.

The voters of George will surely know how to square off with this.

That is exactly how it goes in Parow and Piketberg where the Conservative
Party of Dr Andries Treurnicht must carry the banner of the far right. Dr
Treurnicht's antics got him so tangled up that there is nothing left of the
Conservative Party's efficacy.

There is so little evidence of the Conservative Party that you can hardly
believe that these are the same people who, with much bravado, came to storm
the two constituencies and if they fear that any further action will further
expose the leadership of their leader to public contempt that's well and good.

This does not only have to do with the incoherent talk about Coventry. What
is also making them vulnerable is the Conservative Party's continuous attacks
on the benefits paid out to the state president and two ministers. Let us
just look at the cases of Dr Treurnicht and Dr Fredie Hartzenberg.

Full of Risks

As a sequel to what we said alst week with respect to civil service, let us
first of all just say that we have always taken the view that members of Parlia-
ment ought to be paid appropriately. This is not only a difficult and extremely
sacrificing job full of risks, it is also necessary to make sure that the best
people are attracted for the country's government.

Needless to say: The salary which must be paid for the new position of executive
state president (as it has now been made public), this being a combination of
the two highest positions under the previous dispensation, appears to be
entirely too small. There are many people who think it should be twice as

much and even then they themselves would not be willing to take the job for

that much. For years it has always been thought that our top leaders, who must
bear all the responsibilities, earn too little.

What Dr Treurnicht and Dr Hartzenberg are now doing is casting suspicion on a
system which they themselves helped to create. Moreover, they themselves have
profited from this, not to mention the fact that National Party leaders have
not accepted certain benefits to which they are entitled, while Conservative
Party leaders have grabbed everything they could get their hands on.

The announcement of salary benefits for the politicians is a sensitive matter
for them, but is it not true that the allocation of the taxpayers’ money will
always be a matter of public interest.

As It Should Be

If it is not true, then the situation will be ripe for the sort of propaganda
which we are now witnessing.

Only presenting all the facts to the public's eyes can dispel that and this is
as it should be.

115
7964

cso: 3401/18



LIBERIA

SAWYER ACCUSED OF INDIFFERENCE TO STUDENTS' SACRIFICES

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 2 Nov 84 pp 1, 10

[Excerpt]

A senior student of
the University of Li-
beria has attacked Dr.
Amos ‘Sawyer for what
he referred to as his
“lack of concern for
the welfare of the
university students"
who have been out of
school since last Au-
gust's skirmish with
soldiers in the wake
of agitation for Dr.
Sawyer's release.

Mr. Edward N. Slan-
ger, a senior student
of ‘the College of
Agriculture and Fores-
try, told the NEW LI-
BERIAN in an inter-
view Wednesday that
he was amazed that
since his release trom
detention about a
month ago, Dr. Sawyer
had not said or done
anything to show that
he cared about the
welfare of the stu-
dents who had risked
everything, including
their lives and ca-
reers, to prevail on
government for his re-
lease from detention.

cso: 3400/315

Mr. Slanger explain-
ed’ that 4 lough Dr.
Sawyer was arrested
by government in his
capacity as a politi-
cian, students had gi-
ven him their unfling-
ing support because
of his position as
dean of the univer-
sity.

Mr. Slanger said
that while he did not
approve of the chan-
nel adopted by the
students to secure Dr.
Sawyer's release, he
felt that the solida-
rity shown by the stu-
dents. was in itself
a laudable stand which
ought to have been
reciprocated by Dr.
Sawyer through more
show of concern for
the sufferings of the
students.

"Ap an educator, I
had been expecting
more from him," Mr.
Slanger said, noting
that since his release
from jail, Dr. Saw-
yer had made several

62

public statements con-
cerning his political
activities but had not
on one occasion men-
tioned the great sa-
crifices made by the
students on his be-
half.

"Is he trying to
tell us that if we
vote for him that's
just how he will for-
get about us.", Mr.
Slanger wondered.

Dr. Sawyer could not
be reached for com-
ment, in spite of ef-
forts by the NEW LI-

.BERIAN to get his re-

action.



MOZAMBIQUE

FISH PRODUCTION FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION BEING PUSHED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 17 Nov 84 p 4
[Article by Jonas Cossa] ©

[Text ] A program designed to make use of maritime resources to supply the
people is being carried out by the bodies connected with the fishing sector in
our country. The plan to increase the volume of local fish production and thus
to reduce imports of this product also involves the cooperation of the GDR and
other friendly countries.

According to the information given to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE by a domestic source
involved in the undertaking, this major program is designed to make gradual use
of the foreign exchange saved for the purpose of financing imports of equipment
for the establishment of domestic fishing infrastructures.

"Thus as our self-sufficiency in fish increases, we will be able to import more
vessels, engines and other fishing equipment, apart from increasing our exports
of what we now buy and the fish we outselves can catch," our source explained
to us.

The program will be carried out in various parts of the country, where its
development is at various stages, our source stressed at a given point in our

interview.

In this context, an experimental fishing project is under way in Sofala, with
two vessels and their crews from the GDR, estimated at about 20 individuals,

participating.

The two vessels have been making a practical evaluation of the fishing potential
in the maritime zone of the province of Sofala since the end of October. In the
course of their activities, the technicians from the GDR are studying the sites
with the greatest abundance of fish, as well as the best techniques for catching
them, among other scientific aspects involved in this activity.

Benefits to Beira

It is important to stress that the experimental phase of the fishing project
also covers a detailed analysis of its economical viability, our source told

68



for the coastal states. Each state would have exclusive control over all the
resources in its zone. Those are certainly fortunate results, because beyond
what has been specifically achieved, an indisputable security system has just
been set up: by focusing international public opinion on this issue, it bans
any unilateral attempt by a coastal state to extend its territorial waters.

But smoldering away below is the fact that the United States and the Soviet
Union have understandably rejected any negotiation of the free movement of
navies, passage through straits by warships, freedom to carry out naval maneu-
vers, and passage through exclusive economic zones as well as the crossing of
archipelago waters. In other words, only territorial waters are off limits in
principle to foreign warships. We say "in principle" because those. ships are
allowed what is called innocent passage--that is, peaceful passage with no ag-
gressive manifestations and without prior notice. All of that seems clear to
the Third-World countries when it is a question of warships from the big powers,
for reasons that are very obvious even if they do seem questionable. But--and
Jet us remain in Africa--would it be equally clear if the warships in question
were from one of the continent's coastal or archipelago states? The Buddha
said: "Questions are much more important than answers." And this question de-
serves to be put to the conscience of an Africa where the delimitation of land
and sea frontiers is far from being a unanimously settled issue among the states
sharing those frontiers. With the new Law of the Sea, things do not seem par-
ticularly likely to improve, especially among African countries: between conti-
nental states with common borders, between coastal continental states and ar-
chipelagos, and so on.

Arrival of Atomic Weapons ,
Strategists and other observers of the international scene or simply of East-
West relations are more or less unanimous, considering the frantic efforts by
the two blocs to achieve strategic parity and what they call the nuclear stand-
off, in ruling out the probability of major armed conflicts. They are also in
general agreement in maintaining that the so-called secondary geographic spaces
are going to catch more and more of the spray from the stormy and contradictory
ideological waves from the East and the West and that conflicts are going to
crystallize constantly in the economic--and ideological--spheres. It must be
admitted that the facts seem to back them up, because while the artillery has
indeed been silent in the East and the West since 1945, it has practically not
stopped thundering elsewhere, especially in Africa, since that year. Even in
the eyes of Africans, therefore, nuclear weapons appear to be the preeminent
instrument of deterrence.

The only problem is that whereas there was a time when only a nuclear war be-
tween the superpowers or between the NATO and Warsaw Pact blocs was considered
possible, it is felt that that is no longer exactly the case today. There are
not only nuclear powers of secondary, importance in existence today, but also
countries sufficiently rich, even in Africa, and capable of acquiring nuclear
technology all the more easily in that the current diversity of nuclear weaponry
ranges from grenades to sophisticated rockets with multiple warheads. Are nu-
clear weapons a lure for Africa or just a mirage?

13



SENEGAL

SIDY LAMINE NIASS ON LESSONS OF KHADIM, ISLAMIC DISTRUST OF WEST
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French No 16, 16-30 Nov 84 p 2
[Commentary by Sidy Lamine Niass: "The Lessons of Khadim"]

[Text] Low blows here everywhere, transactions carried on over the heads of the
people, superstitions printed in some of the press--those are the evils which the
West has left us as an inheritance. This is a kind of evil which makes itself
felt both at the continental level (the case of the Organization of African Unity)
as well as at the national level. None of our institutions has been unaffected
by it. The system of justice, the press (this fourth branch of government), and
the administration--the disease is present everywhere.

This is just the result of more than 300 years of a policy carried out by the in-
vaders who, after having set foot on our soil, have ceaselessly trampled on our
rich cultural and religious heritage. With their religion and their schools of
thought, having in one hand their dungeons, their whips, and their cannon and
having in their other hands degradation and corruption, the invaders have done
nothing less than trample our culture under foot. Above all the invaders have
trained "black skinned people with white masks" as their successors, in order to
withdraw from our country without actually leaving it, since they continue to
exercise the real power from a distance of thousands of kilometers.

The Western disease, as here defined, has not stopped with the African continent
only. This disease is characteristic of the international situation. India is a
case in point. Just recently, Mrs Indira Gandhi ended up as a sacrifice in order
for her ashes to be scattered throughout her country. The lesson to be learned
is that being the heiress of Mahatma Gandhi did not necessarily confer the virtues
of the Mahatma on her.

This disease is also raging--and in a more murderous fashion—-in Latin America
and above all in Nicaragua, where the cowboy, Ronald Reagan, who has won the Ame-
rican elections, wants to continue the state of terror and anarchy, the better to
remove this obstacle which has stuck in his throat. There is Reagan, reelected
for 4 more years as leader of the United States, thanks to the test of force in
Grenada. And there you can see force and terror erected into a system of inter—
national policy for the U. S.A. for 4 more years, However, just because some-
thing is done once doesn't make it a custom. The people who are determined to do
something about it are stronger than the aggressors, who are acting in accordance
with and for their own interests.

96



ANGOLA

SOVIET COMMUNIST PARTY DELEGATION VISIT

Arrival in Luanda

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Nov 84 p 1

[Text] A delegation from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union,
invited to participate in the commemoration of the ninth anniversary
of Angola's independence, has been in Luanda since yesterday afternoon.

Headed by Orudjev Telmonk, member of the Communist Party's Central
Committee in the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan and minister of ‘horti-
cultural economy, the group was received at 4 February International
Airport by Coelho da Cruz, president of the Angolan League for Friend-
ship and Solidarity with Peoples [LAASP].

Remaining in Angola until 12 November, the Soviet party delegation will
hold work sessions with department heads of the Central Committee of the
MPLA-Labor Party and secretaries of the Angolan Youth Movement, the OMA
[Angolan Women's Organization] and UNITA.

Yesterday, the delegation was scheduled to be received by Lucio Lara,
secretary of the party's Central Committee for Organization.

The visit of the Soviet delegation to the People's Republic of Angola
is also in keeping with an exchange of experiences between the CPSU

and the MPLA-Labor Party which, on this occasion, covered social organi-
zation and subjects relating to’ the masses.

The delegation's sojourn in our country includes a vast program of
activities which will take it to. Huila Province where, in addition to
matters of a party nature, it will observe the realities of other
sectors of Angolan society.

Schedule of Activities
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA” in Portuguese 7 Nov 84 p 1
[Text] A delegation from the Soviet Socialist Republic of Azerbaijan is

now in Luanda to commemorate "Soviet Union Days" and participate in
ceremonies in honor of the anniversary of RPA's independence.

18



‘ : : : GHANA’

TEACHER RECRUITMENT FOR LIBYA DISCUSSED *

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Oct 84 p 5 “

[Article by Ayikwei Armah] wt Tee ath nt ane
{Text] THE Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare is working out a new proto~
col agreement aimed at regularising all previous procedures concerning | the re-
cruitment of Ghanaians by foreign agencies and countries.

The Employment Unit of the Labour and Social Welfare Ministry has been assigned
the responsibility of working out this new protocol agreement.

This was announced by the Secretary for Labour and Social Welfare, Mr Ato Aus-
tin, in an interview with the "Graphic" in Accra yesterday.

Under the proposed agreement, the new protocol will require all foreign mis—
sions or agencies in Ghana which seek to initiate any recruitment exercise to
apply to the Employment Unit of the ministry.

Mr Austin stated that the ministry will then assist the agency recruiting to
draft the necessary contract agreement and apply the provisions as contained
in the proposed draft general protocol.

The Secretary, who was speaking on the recruitment of Ghanaian teachers to
Libya, said Ghana would not be able to release the 500 teachers Libya is ask-
ing for and stressed, "we will give them a limited number which we can afford. "

This, he explained, was because Ghana itself is in short supply of teachers,
adding that "we want to rationalise the system of recruitment of all categories
of labour."

Mr Austin said the “Libyans have brought their contract: we have also brought
our contract and these are going to be studied by a tripartite committee in-
cluding officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to form the basis for
acceptance."

Mr Austin who stated that the drafting of the protocol agreement will also in-
clude personnel from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs so as to establish genér-
al guidelines for recruitment said, "Personal contact" between the foreign
agency and the person being recruited would first be signed.

47



SENEGAL

CNTS-UDTS CONFRONTATION NOTED
Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 25 Oct 84 p 2
[Article by Mass Diack: "Towards A Confrontation]

[Text] Trade union interaction in our country is beginning to take a dis-
quieting turn which, if one does not take care, may well lead to a dangerous
situation, to say the least. The forthcoming formation of the Democratic
Union of Workers of Senegal (UDTS), under the leadership of Alioune Sow of
the Froludes and others, Fambaye Fall Diop and Thierno Ba of the Committee
for Trade Union Restoration, will surely be the fuse that lights the powder

keg.

Since the bloody events of last July at the Labor Exchange there is no fur-
ther doubt that Madia Diop's goose is cooked and the ones who previously
made him the all-powerful chief of the CNTS [National Confederation of
Senegalese Workers] want nothing more to do with him.

He, and to a certain extent the federation along with him, eluded party
control. Hence, he had to be eliminated. And the plan set in motion is
quite simple: incite, if not encourage the creation of a new federation
which will provide the departure of many CNTS members. Then it will suffice
to make use of the by-laws which provide that "the confederation can lose
its designation if two-thirds of the members of its management committee
withdraw." Hence, no more CNIS and no more Madia Diop.

It is so simple that someone only had to think of it. But it may perhaps be
that at the Socialist Party level perhaps all the consequences of inciting,
or of supporting such a maneuver were not weighed. It is obvious that Madia's
friends will not let this happen without doing something about it. And there
are increasingly persistent rumors to the effect that Sunday they may possi-
bly be present at the headquarters of the Socialist Party to prevent the
holding of the constituent assembly of the UDTS.

Consequently, one can gauge the seriousness of the situation and imagine the
events which will certainly transpire, for which the Socialist Party will be
primarily responsible. Because in the end, the CNTS is still affiliated
with the PS [Socialist Party]. It is therefore hard to understand how the
PS can offer Party headquarters to a CNTS faction so that the faction may

92



ANGOLA

WORKSHOPS WITH GDR IN MAKARENKO
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Nov 84 p 3
[Article by 0. Bento]

[Text] The National Day of the People's Republic of Angola [RPA] and
that of the German Democratic Republic were proclaimed at the Makarenko
Karl Marx Student Complex at a ceremony presided over by Augusto Lopes
Teixeira, Angolan minister of education, and the accredited GDR
ambassador in Angola.

The ceremony was partly political, partly recreational, and it served
to illustrate the bonds of friendship, brotherhood and cooperation
existing between the two countries and peoples.

During the political portion Education Minister Augusto Teixeira and
GDR's accredited ambassador in Angola received certificates placing
them in the category of honorary members of the RPA-GDR Friendship
Club which had arranged the festivities.

Concerning the honor received, the minister of education exclaimed

that this distinction is in keeping with the initiatives being made to
strengthen the ties of friendship and cooperation between our two
countries, particularly in the areas of education and teaching. This
opinion was corroborated by thé German ambassador in Angola who, through
this gesture, expressed his gratitude to the directorate of the complex,
professors and students who comprise the friendship club.

The political part of the ceremony also included a speech by the head
of the complex's German professorial group in which he briefly traced
the long road taken by the GDR during its 35 years of existence, the
difficulties confronted and the successes achieved in all areas.

The director of the student complex also addressed those present and,
during his short discourse, also recalled the events which made the

11 November affair possible; he then spoke of education and teaching

and asserted that this sector should keep pace with changes being made
in our society. In conclusion, he expressed his regret at the separation

30



Conclusion

Despite the residual crises dotting the existence of the OAU, it is indisputable
that Africa as a whole is resolutely attached to pursuit of the indispensable
peace on which its unity and development depend.

But while it is noted that in the field of development, Africa shows realism in
sizing up the efforts required to achieve, as best it can and through regional
or subregional solidarity, the goals it has set for itself, one must admit with
equal frankness that it is not putting as much enthusiasm as is desirable into
reflecting on the problems of peace.

It seems indisputable, however, that all the states on the continent "are pre-
paring for war because they want peace." But preparation for war nowadays de-
pends on an unavoidable precondition: the assessment of situations likely to
engender conflicts.

Pope John Paul II said recently:

"Today it is necessary that peace be built like a cathedral and that each one
bring his stone." The idea of each one bringing his stone for the building of
peace in Africa suggests in particular that a careful inventory should be made
of what may divide the countries of Africa from each other and from countries
on other continents. I believe that doing so will provide everyone with the
additional light needed for a specifically African concept of defense.

11798
CSO: 3419/117

14 .



“LIBERIA

[Article by McGill S. Borbor] » a0 ‘

[Text] ‘ wnt ;

Union's ‘Constitution and By-

The National Seamen, Ports and General
/Laws'were declared “null ‘and’ *

Workers Union of Liberia (NSP&GWU). fe declared “nll en
with headquarters in Buchanan, has swhich" ‘made “the
threatened a-court action against the Lamco * .'Usidn’s setviees obligatory andv = «*
J.V. Operating Company for “‘trying to -: SY, ere met val BE Neon Fs
sabotage the operation of the Union” at the .

“He added that the Justice”. *
Minister*s. decision has created ?

Port of Buchanan, Grand Bassa County. « is Vy *gbetous “problear. for Phe <4 : _
But the Management of a Uniidn’ Which 'inchides a loss’ of rood
Lamco says it hasnoobjec- that the Union may more than ‘five “thousand

tions to the formation of
the Seamen’s Union, but
jnaintains that no union has
the right to impose services
on Lamco since the Com-
pany is binded by agree-
thebt with government,

In an interview with the Dai-
&y Observer on Friday, at his
Tubman Street office in
Buchanan, Mr. J. Zazaboi
Miller, Acting President of the
NSP&GWU, said that follow-
ing the processing of their
documents with the Probate
Division of the Second Judicial
Circuit Court in Buchanan, the
LAMCO Management has fail-
ed to grant them the rights to
function at the Port of
Buchanan as a “legalized
body” with all rights to operate
the harbour freely.

According to him, the
Union’s constitution and
regulations, which stipulate

“unionize”, operate and con-
trol all activities in every
within Liberia”, have been*ig:
nored by the Lamco Mandge
ment. ~
He said the Union is a legal
entity that is duly recognized by
government to function as a
National Labour organization
and noted that such functions
are exercised on sea, ports, at
industries and plantations.
Mr. Miller said that the
Union shall perform all stand-
by jobs on vessels when they
are anchored or berthed at any
of the ports of Liberia. He said
it shall take active part in the
function of the Ports in

* Liberia.

He further stated that
government’s position on the
issue as contained in the Justice
Minister's letter to the Union
dated October 12, 1984 which
was displayed to our reporter
by the Union said that the

58

dollars arid ‘leaving over 400

StriemBers jobless. ©? Jett

But according to’ an unof-
"the ‘Buchanan:
rievertheless
rendered non-compulsory wat-
chmai and gangway men ser-
vices to some twelve ships in
the Lamco harbour in
Buchanan and have received
payments up to $3,052 from
respective ship owners.

At another time, Mr. Miller
said the Union got the approval
from the Bureau of Customs
and Excise, Ministry of
Finance to have three members
of the Union serve on the
“Vessels Boarding Party.””

But he noted that at a later
time the Minister of Finance
“revoked the action” and in-
formed the Union that the
Vesels Boarding Party does not
include Union members but ‘‘a



It has always been the executive committee's view that it cannot take
sides with any political party.

Professor Cillie said the executive committee has not yet considered the
possible admission of the National Guard into the FAK. The executive
committee met Friday and until that meeting no such request had ever
been received.

Two founding members of the AV, Professor Carel Boshoff.of Sabra and
Professor Koos Ombard of the Free State University, serve on the

executive committee, "and so we will probably have a lengthy discussion."

No matter what side the executive committee chooses, it will not be the
desire of everyone.

Effort

Professor Cillie said the FAK decided at its annual meeting in Cape Town

in 1982 that it would set about its business’in a less exclusive manner,

and a considerable effort has been made since then to achieve cooperation
across language and cultural boundaries.

"The survival of Afrikaans is less endangered if more people are
discussing it, even if they do not belong to your group.

"The attempts at cooperation will not succeed, however, if you have

among you people who are so politically oriented and thus so exclusive,"
Professor Cillie said.

12620
CsO: 3401/43

111



Dr Treurnicht said that he is against the increasing urbanization in the white
area, The KP regards the region outside black towns as a white region.

The problems is presented by blacks living in white jurisdiction. If political
integration is allowed then that is the end of the whites. The KP is working

on the efforts to have the whites be a majority in their own areas, however, the
final details for this have not yet been spelled out.

Whereto?

DIE VOLKSBLAD asked Dr Treurnicht where and how would he move the 561,160
blacks in order to attain an equalization in the white and nonwhite -population

in the East Rand.

Dr Treurnicht said that there are several possibilities. Some of the thinking
which is now "going around" would couple an area like Soweto to a national ‘state.

He went on to say that the KP has supported the National Party in creating
growth points which must serve as migrating points from white areas. "We
think this is a project on which work must be done."

On further questioning Dr Treurnicht said that he cannot say how much this is
going to cost and where the people would be moved to.

Study

DIS VOLKSBLAD pointed out to Dr Treurnicht that although he says that white
majority occupation in white areas is possible he is not explaining how his
party will get around to this.

Dr Treurnicht replied that there are various possibilities which must be studied
and the KP will be doing better research on this than President P. W. Botha has
done with respect to the cost of colored homelands. Dr Treurnicht also said
that in light of the fact that there are various possibilities, he is not for
the moment committing himself to one or another.

7964
cso: 3401/18

113



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

WARLIKE SITUATIONS IN AFRICAN SOCIETY ANALYZED
Paris LE MOIS EN AFRIQUE in French Jun-Jul 84 pp 156-170
[Article by Lt Col Camille Nkoa Atenga of Cameroon]

[Text] Camille Nkoa Atenga is a lieutenant colonel in
the Cameroonian Armed Forces and a graduate of the staff
course.

Defense problems in Africa are both more complex and more tricky than all the
other problems with which the continent must deal. So much so that there is
reason to ask oneself whether they can be discussed in the open and even, es-
pecially, if they really exist on the continent and what their nature might be.

It is a naive question because even if we disregard the two world wars, in
which Africa had only to follow the crowd, the fact remains that wars, regard-
less of how limited in scope they may appear to others--and precisely because
they are limited--have put fire and sword first between tribes and then between
several African countries. And considering what we will call the "belligenic"
situations to be noted on this continent today, and indeed situations we will
term "polemogenic," there is nothing that seems to indicate that peace-—
especially when defined as the interval between two wars or two conflicts--has
been permanently established among the African countries, even those inspired
by good will. If, that is, the good will in question is expressed solely ac-
cording to Oscar Wilde's "philosophy," which said that “something that no one
talks about does not exist."

It is a fact that solid armies--to which, rightly or wrongly, some thinking
people sometimes do not hesitate to ascribe qualities that are not always
flattering--are flourishing in all the countries that are independent or simply
in the process of becoming independent.

It is true that among certain states, notably in West Africa, there are defense
"contracts" guaranteeing peace among them and even calling for mutual assistance
if one of them is attacked. An example is ANAD (Nonagression and Defense Aid
Agreement).

It is also true--although often falling within the scope of defense secrecy~-
that individual African countries have signed defense and security agreements
or treaties with certain powers and even superpowers.



Now, demonstrations are taking place in France every day. '' Demonsttations
“of farmers, workers threatened with layoffs, steelworkers’, eté. »Were’ these
workers" struggles condemned? ‘ No, ‘of course not. This definitely shows
a different attitude toward the’ peoplé of Reunion. We shall let each. of: us: !
qualify this atitude according to his own sensitivity. mu ‘ eae

Harassment of SORT Chairman

Saint-Denis TEMOIGNAGES in French 17-18 Nov 84 P 8
[Article signed J.M.: "The CORJ Chairman Is Denouncing a Machination Directed
Against Him in an’ Attempt to Weaken the Reunion Youth Movement" Rae :
+ Pe aren 4% ga Ce
[text] "For some time, the chairman of the CORJ (Organiza-
tion Committee to Rally the Young) has ‘been’ thé object’ of
a veritable’ conspiracy to bring him down politically!"
Speaking with a firm and solemn voice, Ary Yee Chong Tchi
Kan denounced yesterday, at a press conference,- ‘the ‘machina~
_ tion that some ‘have engineered against ‘him ‘to try ‘and im-
‘ plicate him in’ the burning of the ‘Air France vacation vil-»
lage. For xeporters, the CORJ chaixman algo gave “an’ account °
of his trip to’ Moscow, in the context’ of the preparation of
‘the 12th’ Festival of Youth that will’ take Place t ext year
in the Soviet capital.

"The information I havé enable me ‘to ‘say that an ‘attémpt ‘is ‘being made to
discredit the CORJ chairman among the young." This is ‘what Ari YeeChong
Tchi Kan is stating. He added that some people have built a case based on
false evidence to try and implicate him in the burning of ‘the Air France
vacation village’ that ‘took “place several months ago.

The fire, which according to investigators was the “result of" arson, was
never fully explained. The emergence of the Reunion’ young“on'the political
and social scene is a cause of concern in some circles. And they would like
to break the moverent “by’striking its head.’ This is why ‘they will use ‘all
means to attack ‘the’ CORT chairman: ° ‘ mPa Bore s fobs

we

"I am sure that the scheme will fail and turn ‘itsélf against the. person or.
persons who are behind it," he said. "Are we going to‘see ‘again the’ same
provocations that in the past were the talk of political circles," he asked.
By taking this case’ to the public, Ari» Yee Chong Tchi’Kanis' making: Reunion
citizens aware of a machination directed” jagainst an n official: veptesentative
of the struggling youth.” ae ’ i

The CORJ chairman started his press conference by giving an account of the
preparation of the 12th World Youth Festival, fior which he visited Moscow
on 2-4 November. The festival will take place in the Soviet capital next
July. It will gather over 20,000 young from all over the world and will be
placed under the sign of the struggle for peace. "The festival movement,"
in the words of Ari Yee Chong Tchi Kan, was created immediately after World
War II to form a chain of solidarity and friendship.

90: -



of our firm solidarity and assistance in your activities for a better
and happier life for Angolan women and children and for peace and
friendship among nations." [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
15 Nov 84 p 3] 8568

ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH YUGOSLAVIA--"Economic and trade relations
between Angola and Yugoslavia are not commensurate with the political
relations between the two countries." This statement was made by

Ivan Senk, director of the Yugoslav exposition at the Luanda Inter-
national Fair, ata press conference held at the FICOM [International
Trade Fair] devoted to Yugoslav Day. Nevertheless, the director, of
the Yugoslav pavilion said that ‘trade between his country and the RPA
might exceed $30 million in 1985, the amount achieved by the two countries
in 1980. He went on to say that the Socialist Republic of Yugoslavia
has given the RPA a line of credit totaling $50 million for investments
and $15 million for the import of essential goods. Twelve Yugoslav
companies are represented at the Luanda International Fair, occupying
an area of 400 square meters under cover and 120 square meters out in
the open. Among other things, the Yugoslav companies are exhibiting
agricultural machinery, clothing, furniture, medicines and foodstuffs.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Nov 84 p 2] 8568

CSO: 3442/84

35



This determination, this faith in God, and this divine clarity of vision--that is
what guided Sheikh Ahmadou Bamba in his struggle against the colonialists who
thought they had won before they became involved in a confrontation with him.
However, later on it turned out that it was the invaders who withdrew from our
country more and more, whereas the political line of the Khadim attracted more
and more supporters. This is still true now, despite the small-minded speeches
which have lost touch with reality and which continue to support, in one way or
another, a lay state for Senegal. However, Khadim and all of the holy leaders of
this country fought against this kind of lay state. However, when they want to
please their masters, any kind of praise will do.

The lessons of Khadim are still those of Islam and of the Koran, which he faith-
fully preached. They showed themselves in concrete terms in his actions and in
his words, Among other things, these lessons teach us the virtues of persever-
ance, patience, and determination in action.

Today it is before hundreds of thousands of the faithful that the historic day

of his exile to Gabon is celebrated. On this day we must recall above all that
the work of Khadim was essentially to convert the country to Islam. This desire
has already become more noble because the concept of a lay state is a dead let-
ter, and Islam is making progress. This is a lesson which should draw the at-
tention of our petty leaders who take their instructions from abroad. They should
recall that the people are determined and that blustering speeches won't do any
more.

5170
CSO: 3419/175

97



ALGERIAN RICE DONATION--Before his final departure from the People's Republic
of Benin at the end of a two-year stay marked by frequent positive gestures
of friendship and active cooperation, M Mohamed El Moustapha Maiza, ambas-
sador of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, on behalf of his
government, presented to the peoples of Benin and Nigeria, severely struck
by drought, a gift of 1,000 tons of rice. On that occasion the Algerian
ambassador took the opportunity to recall the bonds of friendship which link
the People's Republic of Benin and the Republic of Niger to his country.
Ltext/ /Cotonou LA CROIX in French Aug 84 p 2/ 6145

CHINESE MEDICAL AID--Under cooperation agreements between our two countries,
the People's Republic of China has made a donation of medicines to the Peo-
ple's Republic of Benin. The donation, valued at Fr CFA 374170000, con=
sists of 16.5 tons of medicines including antibiotics, "anthalgics," and
anti-inflammation medications, as well as technical equipment, all intended
for the medical facilities at Natitingou and Kandi, where Chinese missions
are operating, At the presentation ceremony His Excellency Sun Shiceng

fs published/ pointed out that this is the second consignment of medicines
and medical equipment donated by his country to the People's Republic of
Benin in 1984. He then thanked our great comrade in arms, President Mathieu
Kerekou, and the government and: people of Benin, for the solicitude and sup-
port enjoyed by the Chinese medical team in our country. He took occasion
to hail the friendly and cooperative relations between the People's Republic
of China and Benin, and to express his wishes for their further development.
Lixcerpts/ [Cotonou EHUZU in French 30 Oct 84 pp 1, 8/ 6145

LIBYAN TELEVISION INDUSTRY GIFT--Brother Mohamad Al Mabruk, secretary of the
peoples' committees managing Libyan public services, on 3 October presented
to comrade Ali Houdou, minister of information and communications, two tele-
vision reporting vans donated by the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jama-
hiriya. The first van is 10.30 m long and 3m high. It is equipped with a
complete television control system including three large cameras permitting
simultaneous recording at several ranges, together with a light camera. It
has an operating radius of 20 km and will allow Beninese television viewers
to watch documentary broadcasts both live and taped. The second van is 7.10
m long and equipped with an electric generator to provide power for the re-
cording van, and carries also a complete lighting system. The total value
of the gift is Fr CFA 868,111,600. On the occasion of its presentation the
heads of the Libyan and Beninese delegations paid tribute to the excellent
relations, marked by friendship and active cooperation, which link the two
countries. They both expressed the wish that those ties may continue for
the development of_the ideologies and civilizations of the Libyan and Benin-
ese peoples. Ltext/ [Cotonou BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 359, 5

Oct 8 p 7/ 615

CSO: 3419/139

38