CEMENT COMPANY THREATENED BY COAL SHORTAGE

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 10 Sep 86 p 16

{Article by Ikechukwu Ani and Martins Anyaegbu]

[Text]

‘OAL supply is now be-

coming a serious threat to
the existence. of the Nigerian
Cement Company
(NIGERCEM), Nkalagu.

Col. Lambert Ihenacho,
chairman Nigercem manage-
ment board told newsmen at
the Enugu Press Centre that
the supply of ¢oal, which: the.
company uses for firing kilns-
“became unsteady as from July
30, this year, thereby. posing
great danger 10 the continued
survival of the company.

According to Col. Ihenacho,
investigation on the reasons for,
the: disruptions in the supply
of coal by the Nigerian Coal
Corporation, revealed that the
shortage was due to the
scramble for coal for export to
parties who were now preferred
by the coal corporation.

He declared, ‘“‘apart from
the fact that, this coal burns
spontaneously thereby
endangering plant, equipment
and human life, it is also Self-
consuming, and to add to this
problem the supply has become.
irregular’.

The chairman disclosed that
arrangement for a. stop-gap
supply from Enugu coal mines
had been reached with the coal
corporation.

“This has sustained us, but
the future is not bright as we
can be grounded any moment
from now unless the coal

/12828
CSO: 3400/40

corporation takes positive
steps to expand the mines to
accommodate ‘the new export
customers’, *
Col.'Ihenacho further.-said
that import licence allocation
to NIGERCEM has never been
enough. In 1985, he said:only
N3 millidnWas received by the
company, adding “this meant
that all. the materials: required
for reactivation could not be

jy that, “even within
the limit of our import licence
we were unable to take delivery
of spares worth — 700,000
pounds stérling for lack of con-
firmation of letter of credit by
overseas banks”.

However, the chairman said
that. the company has been
supplementing ‘as much as
possible: with ‘local spares and
materials made at Aladja Steel
Company, Nigerian Railway
Corporation, PRODA, and the
Nigerian Paper Mill, Jebba.

Col. Ihenacho- announced
that the .NIGERCEM has
succeeded in finding local
source of gypsum whictris only
imported material in the
production of cement.

Commenting on the

55

company’s casn tow problem,

the chairman. said that because

of the cash requirement to:

purchase spare parts,, raw
materials, and at the ‘same
time, meet other day-to-day

needs, the company.continued -

to accept payment for cement
even though there - . were
customers whose deposits were
yet.to be supplied.

According to him, “‘it is:

estimated that within the next
five. months, the company
would require about . N16.
million to import materials and
spares and purchase vital
equipment.

On communication, Col
Thenacho _ regretted that
NIGERCEM was now. almost
cut-off from the outside world
by bad road lea to the
factory. ‘Although the federal
government ministry of works
promised to repait the road, he
said, “up to now, nothing fas
happened”.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

REPORTAGE, COMMENT ON LABOR CONGRESS DISPUTE

Four Unions Walk Out

[Text]

HE Central Working
Committee

Union --of Universities
(NASU)}, National Union

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 10 Sep 86 p 13

leum and Natural Gas
Workers (NUPENG) a re-
presentation at the

meeting of the Nigeria | meeting,

° Labour Congress (NLC) Earlier,’ about 50
ended abruptly yesterday workers of the oil industry
as representatives of four rep-ecenting over 20 com-
industrial unions walked panics beseged ths NLC
out of the meeting. Svcretariss demanding

The “walk-out was the withdrawal of the
staged by representatives general. secretary of the
of the Non-academic Staff Minority faction of

(NUPENG) Mr. Alphonus
Okewese and his group

of Posts.-and Telecom- from the meeting. | he
munication Employees spokesm:
(NUPTE), the Nigerian workers; Mr. Coleman
Ports Authority Workers Marry of the Nigeria
Union (NPAWU) and the ational roleum
Dock-workers Union of Company (NNPC) said
Nigeria (DUN). the workers could
This followed the deci- no longer tolerate,” an
sion of the CWC not to imposed luadership.

allow both factions of the
National Union of Petro-

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MAIZE FARMERS FACE UNCERTAIN FUTURE--A question mark hangs over SA's maize
industry only weeks before the planting season starts. A substantial
number of farmers will find their creditworthiness has disappeared, and
banks' and cooperatives' doors closed to them, says the National Maize
Producers' Organisation (Nampo). The SA Agricultural Union and Nampo are
conducting a survey to determine how many farmers are unable to find the
credit to finance the new crop. Nampo economist Kit le Clus says bankruptcies
among farmers are accelerating. For this reason, and because of the new
pre-planning pricing system, less land will be planted with maize. Nampo
has urged farmers to reduce production substantially this year or face the
threat of huge export losses. It has recommended that the industry take
out of production 1l-million of the 4-million ha normally planted with
maize. Le Clus stresses there is uncertainty in the drought-plagued maize
industry. If the new pricing system is to succeed, substantial government
aid will be needed to assist farmers to switch from traditional maize
production. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Sep 86 p 3]
/9317

FOREIGN INVESTMENT HELPS BOOST REAL ESTATE--Residential property has
followed parts of the commercial sector with a slight improvement in the
past month. Foreign investment in real estate through the financial rand
is already being felt on the home front. Although prices have not yet
moved and estate agents are quick to caution that the slight upturn could
be a hiccup, they report increased inquiries, higher sales and a better
business mood. They attribute the change to, among other things, falling
interest rates and optimism. Reserve Bank permission to bring in capital
through the financial rand has meant more customers. Some are permitted
100 percent financial rand purchases while others must split their deals
50:50 with the commercial rand. Camdons's joint MD Scott McRae recently
sold a house in Johannesburg's northern suburbs to a British buyer for
R360 000. He was granted permission within 10 days to pay fully through
the financial rand. Pieter Hamman at de Huizemark says the general
increase in Johannesburg home sales has been across a wide area. And
real estate in the Western Cape is sending signals that it is at last
coming out of the doldrums. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English
16 Sep 86 p 1] /9317

csO: 3400/71 END

115



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

PASSPORT VALIDITY EXTENSION--The validity of Nigerian passports has again
been extended from two to five years by the Federal Government. A directive
to this effect which became effective from last month has been communicated
to all passport offices in the 19 states of the Federation. Also notified
are Nigerian embassies, high commissions and consular offices in foreign
countries. A top official at the Federal Passport Office in Lagos told

the Daily Times that the extension took effect from August 22. In January
1984, the ousted Buhari/Idiagbon administration placed embargo on the
renewal of old and issuance of new Nigerian passports indefinitely. An
official notice then by the Internal Affairs Ministry directed that all
issuance of passports should be suspended while those brought for renewal
should be withheld. However, the embargo was lifted on December 28, 1985,
and the validity of passports which used to be five years was reduced to
two years. A senior passport official confirmed the story of the extension
of the validity of Nigerian passport from two to five years. Last July,
Col. Shagaya refuted reports that Nigerian diplomatic missions were under
instructions not to issue or renew passports for Nigerians resident outside
the country. He said following incessant reports of loss of passports by
Nigerian students abroad, the ministry found out that many students had
been selling their passports to foreign nationals particularly those from
the neighbouring countries. The minister said these Nigerians went back to
the missions to report that their passports were lost or stolen and sub-
sequently succeeded in obtaining new ones. [Excerpt][Lagos DAILY TIMES in
English 18 Sep 86 p 2]/12828

QUOTA SYSTEM IN MILITARY--The quota system of recruitment into the Nigerian
Army does not affect the performance of officers in training, Major-General
Paul Omu has declared in Lagos. Major-General Paul Omu who is the commandant
of the Command and Staff College, Jaji, told airport correspondents that the
quota system of recruitment was entrenched in the constitution and has
nothing to do with performance of officers in training. He emphasised

that the quota system has not been abused in the Command and Staff College,
Jaji. Major-General Paul Omu argued that the size of the army is not large
compared to the size of the population of the country. According to him,
retention of a large army in peace time was necessary because "you have to
train your men in peace time and do not have to wait until you have a war
before you start to train your men". Further justifying the large size

of the army under economic recession, Major-General Paul Omu said training of
soldiers is a continuous exercise even though in a poor economy there were
bound to be some constraints. The commandant noted that diversification

of military establishments was not possible because of geographical constraints

and use of long range weapons. [Text][Enugu DAILY STAR in English 28 Aug 86
p 1J/12828 :

NAVAL OFFICER RETIREMENTS--Thirty-three senior naval officers have been
retired from service. They include the former governor of Ondo State,
Commodore Michael Bamidele Otiko, and Rear-Admiral Victor Oduwaiye, Director
of Administration in the defunct Supreme Headquarters. Commodore Otiko's
retirement took effect from November 1, 1985, while that of Rear-Admiral
Oduwaiye took effect from January 1, this year. Captain M. Kentebe (widow
of former chairman of the Nigerian. Football Association, Edwin Kentebe)

64



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MUGABE HAILS BOTSWANA RELATIONS-~The prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe,
has sent a congratulatory message to the.Botswana president, Dr Quett Masire,
on that country's 20th independence anniversary. Comrade Mugabe said the
past 20 years have witnessed a steady and sustained improvement in the social
and economic welfare of the Botswana people as a result of commendable prog-
ress in developing various sectors of the national economy. The prime min-
ister said these admirable achievements have been accomplished in times when
Botswana made great sacrifices in support of the Zimbabwean liberation
struggle and the continued struggle in South Africa and Namibia. He reaf-
firmed Zimbabwe's solidarity with Botswana, and said he is confident that the
excellent ties of friendship and cooperation between the two countries will
continue in the years ahead. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English
0400 GMT 30 Sep 86 MB] © /6662

CONSTRUCTION OF GOLD REFINERY ANNOUNCED--The Reserve Bank of. Zimbabwe has
announced the construction of a gold refinery. in the country. A statement
issued by the bank today says the decision was taken after consultations with
the government. The move is aimed at reducing dependence onother countries
where Zimbabwean gold is being processed. The.statement added that an agree-
ment has been reached with Australia to provide the required technical
assistance, which includes the training facilities. [Text] [Harare Domestic
Service in English 1600 GMT 1 Oct 86 MB] | /6662

CSO: 3400/104

75



to be buried. This is one of the reasons why the South African people call
for sanctions as a means to shorten their suffering.

Addressing the issue of effects of the sanctions on the neighboring coun~
tries his excellency the president of the People's Republic of Mozambique,
Samora Moises Machel, told the summit of the Nonaligned Movement. in Harare,
and I quote: In reality South Africa has applied undeclared sanctions since
1975 against the countries of the region apart from the destruction caused by
aggression; end of quotation. While South Africa considers the application.
of sanctions against it as immoral, it has, nonetheless, applied sanctions
against its neighboring states. The apartheid regime has systematically
destroyed communications and transportation systems that assured the economic
life of the countries of the region. By sabotaging, by way of armed bandits
under its command, the access to the Mozambican ports of Maputo, Beira, and
Nacala, and the Angolan port of Lobito, South Africa is impeding the economic
emancipation of the peoples of ‘southern Africa that at present is being under-
taken by the Southern African Development Coordinating Conference, SADCC, In
this context the losses caused by the. apartheid regime until 1985 to the mem-
ber states of the Southern African Development Coordinating Conference are
estimated at $10 billion.

Mr President, apartheid is a crime against humankind and, therefore, must be
eradicated. The elimination of apartheid demands that the whole international
community take effective, concerted and forceful measures. I reiterate here
the appeal we made on vatious occasions ‘to all member states for them to
denounce, condemn, and fight by all means the South AFrican (2hellicose)
policy, to reiterate the moral, deplomatic end material support to the ANC and
other democratic forces in South Africa that are struggling for a just and
democratic society, to fight the armed banditry and state terrorism that
devastate our region, and demand that South Africa should henceforeth termi-
nate its support of terrorism, to provide concrete, multifarious assistance
to the frontline states, particularly Angola and Mozambique, so that these
two Frontline states may strengthen their defense capability and safeguard
their independence, national sovereignty and territorial integrity and ensure
a good functioning of the ports and railways system vital to the economy of
the hinterland states.

The 22d summit of the heads of state and government of the Organization of
Africa Unity held in Addis Ababa in July and the eighth summit of the non-
aligned countries held in Harare in September 1986 adopted two special declara-
tions on southern Africa. In them the heads of state and government reiter-
ated their commitment and determination to struggle for the establishment of
freedom and justice in South Africa and in Namibia through the total dismant—
ling of apartheid. They expressed the support of the two organizations for
the demands by the Commonwealth countries contained in the Commonwealth
agreement on Southern Africa. The heads of state and government of the two
organizations adopted concrete measures to be implemented inter alia the
following: 1) to pressure the. South African regime to change its policies;

2) to support the people of South Africa and Namibia in their straggle against

ll



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

ZIMBABWE

HERALD ATTACKS REAGAN 'DIPLOMATIC SNUB!
MB291707 Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Sep 86
[Editorial: "Reagan's Snub"]

[Text] Given his negative postures in the Middle East, Central America, and
southern Africa in particular, it could have been almost predictable that
President Ronald Reagan would turn down the invitation by the Frontline
States for him to visit the region with a view of finding a solution to the
political problems of southern Africa caused by the apartheid regime.

In these areas of conflict and strife the Reagan administration has consist~
ently sought the destruction of all that is progressive and humane, in favour
or:retrogressive, oppressive and all other forces of brutality.

Hence in the Middle East the U.S. seeks to strengthen the Zionist State of
Israel against the legitimate aspirations of the dispossessed people of
Palestine.

In Central America, Washington seeks to bring back to power the criminal
elements which formerly supported the.sanguinary regime of Anastasio ‘Somoza,
while in southern Africa "constructive engagement" was the camouflage. for
President Reagan's policy of strengthening the apartheid regime against the
Frontline States.

The policy culminated in the encouragement given to the Mozambicans by Wash-
ington to sign the Nkomati. Accord, which South Africa never honoured, and
the decision to supply arms to the South Africa-backed UNITA bandits to
fight against the Angolan Government

What had raised hopes regarding. the invitation to President Reagan by the .
chairman of the Frontline States,. President. Kenneth Kaunda, was the Front~
line heads of state's offer to visit Washington to talk to Mr Reagan should
he not be prepared to visit southern Africa.

But President Reagan has now turned that offer down. The reason for this can

only be that he has no serious intention to contribute positively to the
solution of the southern African crisis.

70



SERS-SSA~86-107
as the case may be". ® October 1986

He added that the body would recommend to the president the appointment of
ministers and other key positions, saying that “of course, the emirs and
chiefs feel that the ministers should come from the elected members of the
house of representatives.

The emirs and chiefs recommended that the membership to house of representatves
should however, be elective.

At the state level, the emirs and chiefs suggested that similar arrangement
be applied and that it consisted of the house of assembly and the house of
elders.

The house of asembly be elective while that of elders be by nomination and
manned by excivil servants "who left their services with honour" such as
ex-governors, ex-chief judges and ex-grand khadis, chiefs, emirs and other
prominent people the governor might find fit and have the same function
as those in the senate.

The Barade also said the emirs and chiefs recommended that the post of president
and governor be zoned on a rotationsal basis to afford the opportunity for
all capable Nigerians from any tribal group to aspire to such posts.

According to the emirs and chiefs, the term of office of any elective post
"should not be more than five years and not "renewable," and that politics
should be on part-time basis with members receiving only "seating allowances".

The Barade said the emirs and chiefs also resolved that they should not be
partisan but expressed the need "for adequate constitutional protection,"

Call for Islamic Laws
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 18 Sep 86 pp 1, 4

[Text] _ EMIRS and chiefs in the North have suggested that
Muslims be allowed to be governed by Islamic laws and
non-muslims by customary laws.

The traditional rulers said it was time Nigeria did away
with alien legal systems and evolved laws entirely its own, ac-
ceptanle to the people. .
Baraden Sokoto, Alhaji Ibrahim Dasuki. briefing newsmen
on the outcome of Tuesday's meeting of emirs and chiefs in
the North in Kaduna yesterday, said our current legal system

was imposed oh us without
-consent or consultation.

The rulers said we should go to
what was acceptable to us.

According to the Baraden
Sokoto, the traditional rulers felt
bitter about this situation and
Suggested that “there should be a
referendum for Nigerians to
determine what kind of legal.
system we would have rather
than the one imposed’’.

The traditional rulers noticed
with concern how our judiciary
was associated with lack of con:
sidence, particularly at the local
level where minor cases were un-
necessarily delayed.

The Barade said the traditional
rulers said in the next political
era there should be a house of
chiefs which should be resjonsi-
ble for dealing with all matters
related to chieftaincy affairs.

28


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

The force would be increased by 7500 people in October when the Railways
Police merged with the SAP. In addition, about 6000 cadets were being
trained this year in police colleges,

It was hoped also that 6000 municipal policemen, who would play an important
role in maintaining law and order, would be trained by the end of the year,

Many short-term insurers have already pushed up rates for new businesses
and existing business is due to be brought in line next month.

The average insurance claim has doubled this year in the wake of what police
say is a marked increase in crime, particularly vehicle theft.

The brunt of the increases will be felt in the PWV area, where crimes have
soared by as much as 40 percent.

In the first six months of this year alone, a total of 6052 vehicles--30 a
day--were reported stolen in Johannesburg, Sandton and Randburg. This is a

40 percent increase on the corresponding figure for 1985.

Insurance Rates Go Up

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Sep 86 ppl, 2

[Text]

CRIME in suburban SA is soaring as
police have turned their attention to
combating political violence.

One major insurer reports that car
thefts are up by 86% and household goods
by 30% on last year,

Insurance premiums have already
jumped by 40% in some instances, and
industry sources say they will have to
increase to cope with the spiralling
crime rate:

Progressive Federal Party (PFP) jus-
tice spokesman David Dalling said: “By
deploying such large numbers of police
in the townships, the force available to
counter ordinary crime has been greatly
reduced.

“The normal crime investigation and
prevention has taken a back seat to the
political role of the police.”

The SAP’s Lieutenant-Colonel Vic
Haynes said: “The SAP does not deny
there is room for improvement in the
Prevention and combating of crime.”

Haynes pointed to the decision by Par-
liament to increase the size of the police
force from its present 48000 to more
than 86.000 by 1994,

He said: “The police do their best with
the available manpower and are still
capable of achieving a reasonable suc-
cess rate.”

The SAP will not comment on the
number of police stationed in the town-
ships, nor will it say if these additional
forces have come at the expense of se-
curity elsewhere.

But a private security industry source

/12828
CSO: 3400/90

estimated that 80% of the police force
was in the townships, leaving 20% for
other areas.

Owners of private security firms re-
port that business is booming as more
and more people have given up faith in
the police and turned elsewhere for pro-
tection. .

Commercial Union recorded a maxi-
mum 18 stolen motor vehicles in any
piven month last year in the firm’s
largest Johannesburg branch. This year
52 cars were stolen in July alone and
another 47 were taken last month, said
MD Bill Rutherford. :

SA Eagle GM Brian Wilkinson said:
“Because of the work, the police are
being forced to cope with at the moment,
they might not be able to give their full
attention to these problems.”

Wilkinson said claims made by SA Ea-
gle policy holders for car thefts have

jumped for the period January to August

y 86% compared with last year. In the
case of household theft, there has been a
30% increase.

Insurance firms. have traditionally
worked on a 10% recovery rate for stolen
vehicles but report that they have been
lucky to get 3%-4% this year.

one insurance executive claimed the
police have virtually stopped looking for
stolen vehicles. ;

Insurance executives complain that
rising premiums are hardly keeping
pace with claims. |

Rutherford said: “It’s like the man who
was trying to fill up one of those big
American cars with petrol. He finally
says ‘Stop the engine — you're gaining on
me”

99



foreign currency domici-
Kary account shall be uti
zed only for eligible trans-
actions.

21. Notwithstanding the
provisions of subsection (4)
of section 1 of this Decree,
the relevant provisions of
all existing - enactments
including the following,
that is to say —

(a) the Bill of Exchange
Act;

(b)the Central Bank of
Nigeria Acti

{ce} the Exchange Contre!
Act 1962;

{d) the Banking Act 1969;

{e) the Exchange Control
(Anti-Sabotage) Decree
1984;

(f)the Foreign Currency.
(Domicilary Accounts)
Decree 1985;°"~ .
shall be read with such
modifications as, to bring
them into conformity with
the provisions of this
Decree.

22.-(1) The Minister
may, after consultation
with the Central Bank.
make such regulations, not
inconsistent with the provi-
sions of this Decree, as may
be required for carrying
into effect the intendment
of this Decree. *

(2) in particular. the

Minister may, after consul-
tation with the Central
Bank, - make regulations
relating to the following—

{a) concerning the various
forms required under this
Decree;

(b) designating additional
sources of foreign exchange
under section 4 of this
Decree; ~

(c) the form of permit to
be issued to an Authorised
Dealer appointed under this
Decree; and

/12828

CSO: 3400/39

{d) the rate of levy on
certain transactions under
this Decree. ~

23. In this Decree, unless
the context otherwise
“ Authorised Dealer’ means
any bank or other corpo-
rate body appointed as such
by the Minister under the
provisions of this. Decree;
“Central. Bank” means the’
Centrai Bank of Nigeria,
“First-Tier Foreign
Exchange Market” means
the foreign exchange
market operated by thee
Central Bank up to the date
specified by virtue of
section 17 of this Decree;
“Foreign currency” meahs
convertible —_foreign
currency; ‘‘Market” means
the Second-Tier Foreign,
Exchange Market establi-
shed pursuant to section 1

\(1) of this Decree;
“Minister” means the
_Minister charged with.

responsibility for matters
relating to finance, and
Ministry shall be construed
accordingly.
24—(1) This Decree may
“be cited as the Second-Tier
Foreign Exchange Market
Decree 1986.
{2) This Decree shall come
into force on such date as-
the Minister may, by order
published in the Gazette,
sappoint,
“Made at Lagos this day of,
1986.

President, Commander-in-
Chief of the Armed Forces,
Federal Republic of Nigeria
EXPLANATORY NOTE:
(This note does not form
part of this Decree but is
intended to explain its,
purport)

The Decree establishes
the Second-Tier Foreign
Exchange Market for
trading’ in ‘foreign curren-

35

cies and other foreign
exchange instruments,
Accordingly, it provides
that only approved trans-
actions supported by docu-:

_ments and complying with
‘ specified conditions may be
conducted in the market.

The Decree, in addition,
abolishes the mandatory
requirement that residents
of Nigeria must surrender
foreign currencies imported
into the country and per-
mits. the Minister to
liberally grant authorisa-
tion to’ organisations as
Authorised Dealers in the
Market. .


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

VIGILANTE GROUPS APPROVAL--Communities wishing to embark on the formation

of vigilante groups in Ondo State to check crime received the blessing of
law-enforcement agents in the state yesterday. Such groups would be provided
with policement to assist in ensuring security of the people in the areas
concerned. In addition, they are free to contact the police on its two hot
line telephones just installed at the state police headquarters in Akure.

The state police boss, Mr. David Isang gave the go ahead while speaking

with newsmen in his office yesterday. Mr Isang said he had spoken to

several traditional rulers on the issue but was surprised that there had

been no positive results. "If the formation of vigilante groups is an
offence in any other part of the country, it is no illegal here", Mr Isang
had said. He then urged the people of the state to provide useful information
to police in order to arrest criminals within the society. [Text][Lagos

DAILY TIMES in English 28 Aug 86 p 12]/12828

STATE BOUNDARIES DEMARCATION--State boundaries are to be demarcated, Commodore
Ebitu Ukiwe announced in Lagos yesterday. He said the Federal Department of
Surveys had been directed to gear up efforts to demarcate the boundaries

so as to minimise the perennial inter-state boundary disputes. He said

some progress had been made in this regard adding that a joint meeting of
officials of the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing and the representatives
of Cross River and Imo states was held in May this year to finalise
arrangement for the survey and demarcation of the boundary between Imo and
Cross River states. Commodore Ukiwe also said work had commenced on the
delimitation of the boundary between Benue and Plateau states. He said

work would soon commence on the survey and demarcation of Anambra and Benue
states boundary. The Chief of General Staff told media executives that

work was also in progress to solve the boundary problem between Benue and
Kwara as well as Ondo and Kwara states. He assured that other states

boundary problem would be tackled in similar manner in due course. [Text]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 23 Aug 86 pp 1, 3]/12828

AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS CANCELLED--The new management committee for Etsako
Local Government area of Bendel State has cancelled the ¥1,365,000 Agro-Teck
projects, planned for the area five years ago. Of this amount a sum of
849,950 has so far been spent on the three chosen projects whose
infrastructures were still "just at foundation levels", the chairman for the
management committee, Mr. Ojebor Ibilibor, hinted in Auchi yesterday.



CONSUMERS CHARGE DISTRIBUTORS EXPLOITING SFEM TO RAISE PRICES
Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 14 Sep 86 p 31

[Text] FOR the proposed Second-tier Foreign commodity companies in the state.”

Exchange Market (SFEM) to succeed in
Sokoto State, the. government would
have to scrap the system of distributing

goods through accredited distributors

and agents.

According to a group of concerned
community’ leaders who- called at: the
Times office in Sokato, distributors, dea
dealers and agents of esseni:ial commodi-
ties in the state, were already sabotaging
the proposed marketing innovation by
hiking prices of almost all available
commodities by more than 600 per cent.

The group condsting of about 100
elderly man. and women, housewives,
civil servartts and a few market stall ope-
rators emphasised that “unless govern-
ment did something urgent to curtail the
excesses of the distributors, dealers and
agents, “SFEM” was doomed to fail even
before it officially too off in the state”

Led by Alhaji Atta Sokoto, the
protesting consumers explained that it
has already become impossible for resi-
dents of affordable prices owing to what
they termed “the unholy alliance
between distributors and managers of

3400/40

They cited the example of prohibi-
tive costs of detergents and sugar in the
open markets.

‘A swift follow-up survey in the major
markets in Sokoto, Birni-Kebbi, Arugun-
wu, -Yariri, Zuru and Gusau revealed
that whereas distributors and dealers still
collect same number of cartons of the
various commodities on the same
approved prices fixed years ago they sold
same at more than 600 per cent above
the approved prices.

A carton of medium sized packet of
‘detergent, according to our findings, was
allocated to dealers at a fixed price of
N28 but. che dealers, distributors and
agents sold it between N250.00 to
300.00.

The exorbitant prices are applicable
to other essential commodities.

The protesting community leaders
appealed to the government to save them.
from the clutches of the unpatriotic dis-
tributors

31

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

4


SOI ar
28 October 1986

electricity supply for between 12 and 16 hours a day and that various contracts
awarded or to be awarded under the electrification programme of the authority
would ensure that 63 towns and villages would be electrified under the
programme which he described as a feat “unprecedented since the creation of

the state in 1976".[Text][Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Sep 86 p 16]/12828

OIL RESERVES EVALUATION CENTER--The NNPC has started to estimate the crude
oil in 1,600 wells in 145 oilfields to determine the country's reserves of
hydrocarbons, the oil and gas sector co-ordinator, Mr. Gbadebo Adesemowo,

has said in Benin. He told newsmen that an American consulting agency,
Mccrod Lewis Energy Services, had already undertaken an evaluation study

of about 600 wells in 15 fields between 1984 and last year, adding that the
current evaluation would last about two years. Mr Adesemowo said the NNPC
had earlier set up a national hydrocarbon reserves evaluation committee
charged with preparing the groundwork for computing an acceptable system for
determining the country's hydrocarbon reserves. He said based on the
recommendations of the committee and the consultants, the NNPC had built
evaluation centre in Benin. The sector co-ordinator further said the petroleum
corporation would urge its joint venture partners in the country to stream-
line their oil reserve computation system at the corporation's evaluation
centre. He said that technical systems being used by the oil producing
companies were open to manipulations, pointing out that any variation in the
“input parameters" used by companies could result in significant differences
in reserves results. Mr. Adesemowo said another unit of the NNPC, data
processing centre would save the country substantial foreign exchange, adding
that Shell Petroleum Development Company (Nigeria) Ltd., had saved the
country between six and 10 million dollars annually by establishing a seismic
data processing centre. Answering questions, the sector co-ordinator said
the NNPC had not made any significant oil discoveries since last year, but
pointed out that the tempo of oil exploration in the country had been stable
at about 60 per cent to 70 per cent. He said he would not support the recycling
of the country's natural gas, estimated at 150 trillion standard cubic feet,
because the local utilisation of the resource had not been maxmised. The
Chief of Genral Staff, Commodore Ebitu Ukiwe, is expected to declare open

the reserves evaluation centre tomorrow. [Text][Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in
English 15 Sep 86 pp 1, 3]/12828

YOLA FLOUR MILL PROJECT--The United Bank for Africa Limited, recently led

a consortium of six banks to provide a 813.65 million loan to the Inter-
State Flour Mills Limited based in Yola, Gongola State. The Mill, which

is dually equipped to process wheat grains and home-grown grains such as
maize and sorghum, on completion, will produce 200 metric tonnes of flour
per day. Speaking at a ceremony at which officials of the consortium-banks
formally signed a contract for the loan, UBA's Executive Director (Corporate
Resources Sector), Mr. 0. Sarumi, representing the Managing Director & Chief
Executive, Alhaji U.A. Mutallah, said that Inter-State Flour Mill is the
first of its kind in the country. Mr. Sarumi said that what constitutes the
strongest recommendation in favour of Inter-State Flour Mills Limited is

its duality. "Unlike the existing flour mills in Nigeria, the viability

of this flour mill need not be chained to the availability of wheat,
imported or otherwise. The mill will produce wheat flour and switch over

to the processing of local grains. [Text][Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English

22 Sep 86 p 3]/12828

63



SACTU BLAMES APARTHEID FOR HIGH FATALITY RATE IN MINES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Sep 86 p 9

[Text]

/12828
cS0:

LONDON — South African mines have a “disas-
trous record,” says the South African Congress of
Trade Unions (Sactu).

In a statement from Lusaka, it claims that an
average of almost two miners are killed and 10
injured every day in accidents on gold mines.

“This high fatality and injury rate ... stems
from apartheid. It is the racist and exploitative
conditions in the pursuit of super-profits that
makes mining in South Africa one of the most
dangerous occupations in the world.”

Sactu condemns Gencor, saying its health and
safety record is “among the worst in the interna-
tional rating system”.

It calls on all miners to demand recognition of
the National Union: of Mineworkers at their
workplace as the first step towards ensuring
adequate health and safety standards.

3400/90

100

JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT COMMITTED TO PURSUING NEW EDUCATION SYSTEM
Ukiwe Statement
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 23 Aug 86 pp 1, 13

[Text] The sun of 88,333,356 has been remitted to Nigerian missions over-
seas for the settlement of fees and allowances of government scholars.

Of the amount, N3,423 million went to the United States, while 83,989 million
was sent to the United Kingdom.

Chief of General Staff said yesterday that arrangements were still on to
remit more funds abroad.

Commodore Ukiwe said the Federal Government was determined to pursue 6-3-3-4
system of education, adding that the workshop equipment were being procured
for schools.

He said the important implication of the 6-3-3-4 system was that after three
years of junior secondary education, "with appropriate testing and counselling,
students will be able to choose future career which is consistent with their
interest and aptitude."

He said the three major choices open to them are:

To proceed to senior secondary to read the sciences, liberal arts, technical
education,

To enter teachers college, for preparation as primary school teachers; or

fo enter technical college or similar and appropriate institutions for craft
and vocational training.

The chief of General Staff said government was determined to provide not only
workshop and teaching equipment, to the schools and tertiary institutions,
but also library facilities.

He said government had already set aside 4295,000 from the first quarter
allocation to meet the needs of the country's institutions.

4h


countrywide gained a similar
grade).

@iIn 1985 the State of Emergency
muddled things, with Soweto head-
masters refusing to supervise ex-
aminations and being threatened
with tough action by the DET. The
examinations were postponed to
this year — and results are still not
available.

A look at the statistics of any
random year comparing the ma-
tric results for white, coloured, In-
dian and black pupils reveals a lot.

For example, last year’s results:
@ WHITES: (Transvaal Education
Department) 92 percent passed
@ COLOURED: 72 percent passed
@ INDIANS: 86 percent passed
@ BLACKS: 52 percent passed.

The same race groups also field
candidates writing the same exam-
ination — the Joint Matriculation

Board — and their results for last
year were:

@ WHITES: 93 percent

‘@ COLOURED: 78 percent
INDIANS: 86 percent

@ BLACKS: 15 percent.

When this year’s academic sea-
son began black student groups
said no examination fees must be
paid by pupils and any already
paid had to be refunded. The same,
they said, went for school fees.

Now that the DET has closed
schools in some areas until the end
of the year, many pupils will not be
able to write their examinations.
And with more than 300000 pupils
not re-admitted to school after re-
fusing to re-register for the second
term, another bleak year has been
added to the sorry saga of black
education.

No Classes Until 1987 for Thousands

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 21 Sep 86 p 12

{Article by Jon Qwelane]

{Text ]

HUNDREDS of thousands of black pupils will not
continue with their education until at least the begin-

ning of next year.

This is because the DET has closed 33 schools in the
Eastern Cape, Soweto and the East Rand.

However, the department says many of the pupils
at the closed schools have stayed away and boycotted
classes for a considerable period, and therefore “only
a small number” have been affected by the closure
and the DET is “very willing” to accommodate them

at nearby schools.

In addition to the many pupils affected by the
closure of schools, an estimated 300000 pupils — a
figure which the DET say is “pure speculation” —
have been refused re-admission because they did not
register for the second term.

What this now means is that end-of-year results for
this year could be the worst in 10 years — even sur-
passing 1985 when Soweto headmasters refused to
have anything to do with matric examinations, result-
ing in the postponement of the examinations to a few

months ago.

On Wednesday some 200 educationists and mem-
bers of the private sector at an education seminar in
Johannesburg said the DET must meet the Nation-
al Crisis Education Committee to discuss the schools
now closed, with a view to getting them re-opened.

83

JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986



vee YUN OUTLUs

28 October 1986

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

EUROPEAN FISCAL, TECHNICAL AID FOR MILK PRODUCTION, PROCESSING

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
19 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by W. An., Frankfurt: "More Milk for Africa; Investments for
Processed Products as Well"]

[Text] Since the previous report appearing in the issue of 30 December 1985,
additional new dairy projects have been started in all parts of Africa,
projects that are important in making supplies available to the native
population. The Swedish company Alfa-Laval AB, Stockholm, which is
represented in the Federal Republic of Germany by a number of subsidiary
production enterprises, calls itself the world's leading company in the field
of dairy equipment in its 1985 annual report. African subsidiaries are
operating in Nairobi (Kenya), Casablanca (Morocco), Harare (Zimbabwe), and
Johannesburg (RSA).

The French company Societe des Investissements Laitiers Outre-Mer, a joint
operation consisting of 40 cooperatives, recently signed two delivery
contracts in Egypt for over 15 million French francs each. The first contract
involves the installation of a production line with an annual capacity of 500
tons for the production of butter. The project's sponsor is the Egyptian firm
Shahin in the new town of Sadat City. The second delivery contract was
concluded with the University of Alexandria for a test facility for the
production of dairy products.

The European Investment Bank (EIB), Luxembourg, granted Tunesia a credit in
the amount of 2.5 million ECU's (1 ECU = about DM2.20) for construction of a
dairy near Bou Salem, 130 kilometers west of Tunis. Total investment
expenditure is estimated at 16.2 million ECU's for this project. The dairy,
which will have a processing capacity of 80,000 liters of milk daily, is
being built by the firm Laiterie du Nord-Ouest (Laino), Tunis. It is expected
to be ready for operation by the end of 1988.

In Algeria the Italian firm Intercoop recently landed a contract valued at

95 billion lire for the construction of two dairies in Ain Defla and Blida,
each of which will be capable of processing 175,000 liters of milk daily. The
project sponsor is the state Office Regional du Lait et des Produits Laitiers
du Centre (Orlac). Financing has been backed by the Algerian Banque de


Ukiwe Statement
Anambra Problems, by Ikechukwu Ani, et al.

Commission of Inquiry on Student Crises Established
(John Nwosu; WEEKLY STAR, 24 Aug 86) ..

Figures on Kano Illiteracy, Education Given
(Musa Ilallah; THE TRIUMPH, 9 Sep 86) ..

Drop in National Revenue Reported
(Chris Agulfefo; WEEKLY STAR, 24 Aug 86) ........eeeeeee

Cost of Living Soaring in Jos
(Obi Udefuna; DAILY STAR, 24 Sep 86) .........-2000e bees

Survey Provides Living Standard Data
(Carol Obasuyi; DAILY TIMES, 13 Sep 86) ........eeeeees

Anambra Food Production Strategy Delayed
(Christian Ngwu; DAILY STAR, 29 Aug 86) .....ceceeeeeees

National Bank Increased Agriculture Loans in Past Year
(BUSINESS TIMES, 8 Sep 86) ..... sesecece Seen eeeeeeeeees

Bond Issues by States Delayed Pending Legislation
(BUSINESS TIMES, 8 Sep 86) ..cececcecccccccccenccersceee

UNDP Grants To Train Women, Technical Teachers
(THE TRIUMPH, 17 Sep 86) ........ sec eececeeceeeeeeeceees

Example of India's Coal Mechanization Being Studied
(Ndu Ughan Adu; BUSINESS TIMES, 8 Sep 86) ..... seneeeeee

Cement Company Threatened by Coal Shortage
(Ikechukwu Ani, Martins Anyaegbu; DAILY STAR, 10 Sep 86)

New Power Station To Be Built at Oji River, Anambra
(Ikechukwu Ani, Tony Enem; DAILY STAR, 5 Sep 86) .....--

Role of River Basin Authorities Discussed
(DAILY TIMES, 22 Sep 86) ......eeeseeeeee cence eee sees

Weather Radar Installed at Kano Airport
(Olu Ojewale; THE TRIUMPH, 12 Sep 86) .......seeeeeceees

Kaduna, Warri Petrochemical Plants Delayed
(Andrew Isibor; NEW NIGERIAN, 20 Sep 86) ...... .

Briefs
Vigilante Groups Approval
State Boundaries Demarcation
Agricultural Projects Cancelled
Indian Aid With Agro-Industries

-e-

41
42

43

44

45

46

47

49

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60
60
60



FEDERAL BUDGET TO EMPHASIZE NAIRA-FINANCED PROJECTS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Sep 86 p 24

[Article by Raheem Mohammed]

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

HE Federal Govern-

ment is to place
greater emphasis on
capital projects with high
naira content in the 1987
budget in preference to
those that have heavy
foreign exchange implica-
tions,

This indication is
contained in the 1987
budget, guidelines signed
by the permanent
Secretary Federal
Ministry of Finance, Mr.
U.K. Bello and sent'to all
heads of Federal
Ministries and Parasta-
tals.

According to the
circular, it is necessary for
proposals on capital
expenditure to isolate
foreign exchange
components of the project
in order to ensure that the
objective is realised.

The circular also
stipulated that for on-
going projects, emphasis
should be placed: on
projects with high linkage
effect and are nearing
completion.

3400/40

It directed that new
projects included in the
proposals must first be
cleared with the Ministry
of National Planning and
evidence of such clearance
must be shown during the
submission of the
proposals. -

In the preamble, of the
circular, the government
said that from all
indications the revenue
prospects in 1987 are
likely to continue to
remain uncertain.

For this ministries and
departments are directed
to undertake a thorough
appraisal of their revenue
heads with a view to
arriving at a reliable and
reasonable projection of
their 1987 revenues.

They should also
explore and make
recommendations on new
revenue sources related to
the services they render

The guidelines also
directed the ministries
and departments to
submit their proposals
not later than Monday
September 29.

38

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

" ZIMBABWE

MINISTER CRITICIZES REAGAN VETO OF SANCTIONS BILL
MB301741 Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 30 Sep 86

[Text] Several cabinet ministers, government officials, and members of the
diplomatic corps today attended a reception in Harare to mark the 20th inde-
pendence anniversary of Botswana. The acting minister of foreign affairs,
Comrade Maurice Ngagumbo, said Zimbabwe will never abandon the principal
policy of solidarity with the ANC, PAC [Pan-Africanist Congress] and SWAPO
in their just struggle, despite the Pretoria regime's destabilization policy.

Comrade Nyagumbo expressed the hope that the international community, espe-
cially Western countries, will appreciate the urgency of the need to impose
comprehensive mandatory sanctions against the apartheid state. The minister
condemned the untenable position of some Western allies of South Africa, which
for their own selfish ends continue to provide protection for apartheid and
disregard the horrendous consequences for the region as a whole. Comrade
Nyagumbo expressed disappointment with President Reagan's decision to veto a
sanctions bill, which will have made a modest contribution to the internation-—
al campaign against apartheid.

He said it is gratifying to note that the relations and cooperation between
the two countries, which dates back to the time of Zimbabwe's liberation
struggle, continues to stand and to be consolidated.

The Botswana high commissioner to Zimbabwe, Mr Phineas Makepe, said although
Botswana does not have the capacity to impose sanctions on the racist regime,
it fully support countries which are in favor of imposing them against South
Africa. Mr Makepe called for the release of all political prisoners, the
lifting of banning orders on individuals and organizations.

/6662
csO: 3400/104

69



For example, it will not be possible now to introduce one of the prime reform
steps, the legislation on the planned National Council, during this session.

There are sound reasons for this, such as the fact that the preliminary
negotiations took longer than was hoped, while the most serious inhibiting
factor, the intimidation of leaders, is still present. It is not possible to
act rashly and with excessive haste.

\
Chief Buthelezi himself witnesses to the unwillingness of "those who have
chosen violence" to negotiate with Blacks who stand for non-violence.

skill

All of these factors will simply have to be spelled out continually by the
government. One example of this is the candid interview with Minister Chris
Heunis that was published in today's newspaper.

It is indeed possible to rely on the intelligence of the public. But such an
effort at information will require the most scrupulous attention and the best
available skills.

It is a fact that democracy places strong demands on effective communication.
Indeed, there is no alternative for assuring success against revolutionary
forces that will surely destroy democratic freedoms.

12271
cso: 3401/178

78



020099
JPRS-SSA-86-107 _
“28 OCTOBER 1986

- Sub-Saharan Africa Report :

DMC QUALITY BISECTED 2

a

- 19980213 148

[RBIS] FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE co

| REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

15
a3
PE AL



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TEACHERS' GROUP OPEN TO ALL RACES--Johannesburg Sept 29 SAPA--Membership of
the Transvaal Teachers Association [TTA] has been opened to all races. Its
annual conference at Johannesburg College of Education at the weekend

amended the TTA Constitution to grant membership toall certificated teachers
employed or eligible for employment in any school in Transvaal. New TTA
president Professor Rod Connacher said, "It is a significant indication of
the attitudes members now have. The decision is not a spontaneous one~~it
has been widely debated." The TTA is also to canvass members views on

a non-racial teachers federal council, open.schools and a single ministry

of education. Outgoing president Mr Hugo Ackermann told the conference:
“While we are bound by the paramenters of an own-affairs system while negotia-
ting with the TED [Transvaal. Education Department], there are no such confines
when dealing with national issues." Earlier this year, the Natal Teachers
Society conducted a survey to discover the views of its teachers on non-racial
education. Most were found to favour the concept. [Text] [Johannesburg
SAPA in English 1126 GMT 29 Sep 86 MB] /6662

COSAS FAILS TO HAVE BANNING OVERRULED--Durban, Oct 1, SAPA--The Congress of
South African Students [COSAS], which was declared an unlawful organisation
last year, has failed in a bid to have its banning overturned. In a judg-
ment handed down in the Supreme Court, Durban, today, Mr Justice Leon dis-
missed with costs an application by COSAS for an order delcaring the banning
to be of no force and effect. The minister of law and order, Mr Louis le
Grange declared COSAS to be an unlawful organisation in terms of Section 4(1)
of the Internal Security Act in a notice published in the Government Gazette
on August 28 last year. The application against the minister was heard by
Mr Justice Leon earlier last month. In his judgment Mr Justice Leon said
there was nothing in the court papers to suggest that the minister's conduct
in issuing the notice had been anything. other than impeccable. The judge said
the minister had followed the provisions of the statute. He had considered
the reports and recommendations of the advisory committee and other relevant
information and had reached a decision only after that. Mr Justice Leon said
the minister had acted in terms of the statute in issuing the notice after
having strictly complied with the requirements of the statute. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1245 GMT 1 Oct 86 MB] /6662

HUMAN RIGHTS CHARTER: 'FAVORABLE' REACTION--Our Pretoria office reports that
very favorable reaction has been received to an invitation by the South Afri-
can Law Commission for recommendations on a possible charter for human rights.

104



NAMIBIA

Briefs
Study of Sanctions Effect
Autonomous Publications Board
Inquest Witness Protection
Uranium Mine Closing
NIGERIA

Labor Congress Calls for Socialist Government
(DAILY STAR, 28 Aug 86) .....eceeeeeceececeees ce ceeeeceeee

Reportage, Comment on Labor Congress Dispute
(Various sources, various dates) ....... cece ee cece eee eeeee

Four Unions Walk Out

Group Accuses NLC

Daily Times Comment

Umoh on 'Power tussle', by Umoh James Umoh
THE TRIUMPH Editorial

Northern Emirs, Chiefs Make Recommendations
(NEW NIGERIAN, 18 Sep 86) ...csccceccccccceccececececnees .

One-Party System, by Suwaid Ali, Aliyu Modibbo
Call for Islamic Laws

Government Announces Cabinet, Governor Changes
(NEW NIGERIAN, 19 Sep 86) ...scecceccececcececers seceeeees

Consumers Charge Distributors Exploiting SFEM To Raise Prices
(SUNDAY TIMES, 14 Sep 86) ...ceseceecceseceeceeoee eececeee

Government Issues Text of Decree on Foreign Exchange Market
(DAILY TIMES, 24 Sep 86) .......e.e0e. see e cece eeeee eeeee

Nkomo-Mugabe Reapproachment in Zimbabwe Praised
(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 10 Sep 86) .........+6-- ee ce eee

Government Policy on Disputed Land Supported
(Editorial; DAILY STAR, 9 Sep 86) .........

Federal Budget To Emphasize Naira-Financed Projects
(Raheem Mohammed; DAILY TIMES, 24 Sep 86) ..

Sale of Military Weapons to Robbers Under Investigation
(Rex Okechukwu, et. al.; DAILY STAR, 11 Sep 86)

Navy Views Updating of Flagship With Modern Weapons
(DAILY TIMES, 17 Sep 86) .......

Government Committed to Pursuing New Education System
(DAILY TIMES, 23 Aug 86; DAILY STAR, 18 Sep 86)

27

27
28

31

32

36

37

38

39

40

41



The leader of the task group which is investigating the charter, Mr Justice P.
Olivier, says although recommendations can still be made until 28 November,
the commission had been flooded by proposals, letters, and memorandums from
various groups in South Africa. The investigation into the possibility of

a charter for human rights was requested in April by the minister of justice,
Mr Kobie Coetsee. Mr Coetsee specifically asked that the investigation be
aimed at the protection of human and of group rights by the courts, and that
the expansion of human rights in South Africa be examined, The most important
problems being investigated include that of whether such a charter should be
incorporated in a future constitution or whether it should be introduced by
parliament. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT

2 Oct 86 MB] /6662

csO: 3400/98

105



/12828
CSO:

3400/39

rade, Alhaji Ali Chiroma. Afterall, Chiroma as
a compromise leader, has, from ail indica-
tions managed to steer the ship of the Con-
gress by constantly striking a balance bet-
ween extremist leftist tendencies and right-
wing pressure.

It is most ridiculous that some of the objec-
tions by the dissident group include the can-
didature of Nigeria’s frontline and respected
Labour leader, Alhaji Hassan Adebayo Sun-
monu for the presidency of the Organisation
of African Trade Unions Unity (OATUU). It is
baffling that. opposition to his candidature
should begin here and now, at a time when
the issue had been resolved with the Federal
Government, 0.A.U. labour commission,
majority of African Labour centres and other
bodies endorsing his candidature.

We feel, the already battered labour move-
ment ought to be allowed to recuperate and
not to be-pushed or stampeded into eventual
disintegration. .

A house divided against itself especially in
the light of the recent ostracization of labour
would only make it more vulnerable at a
crucial moment in its history when a force of
its type is much needed to advance the
aspirations of the country’s working class.

The rebel unionists have their intra-union
crises to contend with and certainly would be
doing a disservice to the masses of workers
that they lead ‘if they extend their quarrels to
the central labour congress.

Defeated contenders to the N.L.C. throne
might do well to wait. until 1986 when the
Congress’ elections will be due rather than
be seen as individuals of morbid ambitions,
preoccupied only with the bring-down syn-
drome.

We are happy that the provision of Decree
No. 22 of 1978 which recognises only one cen-
trai labour congress is still in force. itis in the
interest of government and workers as part-
ners in progress to retain the law. We venture
to warn that the N.L.C. Jeaders should sit
acwn vo resolve their differences in the in

vest of & siruggies and‘cf nations

26


JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PLAN TO UPGRADE EAST RAND TOWNSHIPS--The East Rand Development Area (formerly
the Development Board) is planning a multimillion-rand project to extend and
upgrade the three East Rand townships of Tsakane, Duduza and kwaThema.

When the project is completed, the three townships could have a combined
population of more than half a million. Mr J.H. Opperman, East Rand
Development Area (Erada) chief director, said the plan was drawn up 30

years ago by the Metz Commission, but was not implemented because the
Government then regarded blacks as temporary workers in "white" South Africa.
"The three towns will grow together, but they will still be administered

by three separate municipalities," he said. He pointed out, however, that
plans for kwaThema were still not final as the township had its own town
council which had the right to come up with its own proposals. The councils
of Tsakane and Duduza have collapsed following the resignation of councillors
last year. "In the case of Tsakane and Duduza, they both have no councils
and we are only there to support the communities until such time that there
are elections for new councillors." Mr Opperman said 28 000 new stands
could be created in the envisaged consolidation plan for the three areas.
kwaThema presently had 10 000 stands, Tsakane 8 500 and Duduza 4 000, he
said. Mr Opperman said work would begin on October 16 to instal water and
sewerage facilities in every household in Duduza. The township presently
uses the bucket system and residents have to collect water supplies from
street taps. "We are going to spend R9 million in this project in Duduza."
He also announced that 272 houses commissioned by Erada for Tsakane have
been completed and occupied. "We promised these families that they would

be properly accommodated, and now our promise has been carried out."

[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Sep 86 p 18] /9317

SOWETO HARD HIT BY UNEMPLOYMENT--Massive unemployment in Soweto is revealed
in a Unisa Bureau for Market Research survey released in Pretoria at the
weekend. Frustration, the survey found, was greatest among the 20-24 male
age group, where 40% were mainly unemployed. The youngest group was unable
to find work despite being better qualified than their parents. The economic
circumstances of some Sowetans was causing frustration, while another group
was enjoying relative prosperity. In the 25-34 age group, the unemployment
level was 41%. In 1970, two-thirds of all Sowetans between the ages of 20
and 64 earned a salary. Last year this declined to 46%. About 30% of all
males in the 20-64 age group were not gainfully employed, 59% were earning
salaries, and 3% were pensioners. The survey found average household income

85



and understanding between the various groups with which the establishment of
the new system began and which has already yielded good fruits.

From the hubbub that the two far-rightist parties in the House of Assembly are
kicking up against the measure, it appears that either they have not yet
figured out that the whole idea behind the new system is cooperation and
consensus and that confrontation and conflict are obsolete, or they are not
capable of getting a grip on the new style.

The parliamentary system in South Africa must not suffer from the actions of
politicians who do not understand how important it is that democracy be
expanded effectively in this country.

12271
cso: 3401/178

80



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

CAUTIOUS ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION UNDER NEW 3-YEAR PLAN

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 14 Aug
86 p 2

(Unattributed Article: "Guinea Cautiously Liberalizes; Hopes for International
Support for New 3-Year Plan"]

[Text] According to reports from Western experts, the 3-year economic
development plan just enacted by the government of Guinea is likely to receive
support, especially from the international organizations. Nor, in view of the
government's liberalization measures, does it rule out the possibility of
stepped-up private investment. The plan particularly favors the development
of traditional agriculture and of the infrastructure, the expansion of the
agricultural sector for farm export products, of energy and minerals resources
and of industry. In this context, the government has established new
investment regulations for a dozen economic sectors which are regarded as
"high priority." These regulations guarantee all foreign investors their
right of ownership as well as the right to transfer profits out of the
country. Moreover, foreign and domestic investors are to have access to
public contracts without discrimination.

Over the last two years, Guinea has greatly intensified trade with France, the
United States, Belgium, China, Italy, Morocco, the other countries of the EC
and the East Bloc states. France, the former colonial power, plays a special
role here. Not only is it Guinea's most important trading partner, but it
also holds first place in terms of economic cooperation. The major objective
of the Guinean government is to revitalize the country's economy, which had
been completely disrupted as a result of the decades-long mismanagement of the
Sekou Toure regime (who was toppled in the spring of 1984), by means of wide-
ranging reforms.

The first signs of an improvement in the agricultural sector, which represents
80 percent of the total number of jobs in the country, has been registered
since the beginning of the year. The lifting of the "harvest taxes" and of
the former restrictions on the rural populations's freedom of movement were
the primary factors of decisive importance in improving the situation.
According to data from the Ministry for Agriculture, numerous agricultural
products continue to be smuggled into neighboring countries and sold there for



On the Anambra State Tractor Hire Scheme (ASTRAC), the commissioner emphasised
that some of the broken down tractors in the state were unable to be repaired
due to lack of spare parts.

He stated that the tractors could not serve all the farmers in the state
because the financial resources of the state did not give room for the
provision of numerous tractors.

The commissioner expressed that the agricultural yields realised by the
Anambra State Ministry of Agriculture were normally distributed or sold
to the working class before giving consideration to other citizens.

/12828
SO: 3400/40

50



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LEADING JOURNALIST DISCUSSES PRESS RESTRICTIONS
MB261657 London BBC World Service in English 1309 GMT 26 Sep 86
[From the "24 Hours" program introduced by Nick Worral]

{Text] South Africa has imposed more restrictions.on press reporting in the
current state of emergency in the country. The government's Bureau for
Information, which has controlled official news on unrest since the emergency
was imposed in June, is to close its media center. It will no longer be
available for instant response to press enquiries. Reporters will now have
to use the telex to seek information or confirmation of reports. A short
while ago I called up (Patricia Sidley), who is president of the Society of
South African Journalists. I asked her what this new move would mean for
journalists in South Africa.

[Begin recording] [(Sidley)] I think, legally speaking, it probably means
less than a lot of the press are going to feel. There is a misconception
that the press have to have information from the Bureau of Information. In
fact it's really only a journalistic ethic that you should receive what the
state has to say and go and find it. The one area where it will be affected
is on troop movements or defense force activity, where the only source of
news has been the bureau. Now that is going to be much closer, if we hear it
at all.

[Worral] Because in practical terms there are considerable restrictions on
what you can report, presumably you have had to rely on the bureau to be able
to report certain aspects of the state of emergency.

{(Sidley)] That is what the government had wanted. They had wanted that
most of the media should rely on the bureau. In fact part of the problem
that has contributed to the bureau's rather spiteful action is thati they
have been absolutely unreliable. A fair amount of information that news-
papers could have got on their own has not come from the bureau.

[(Sidley)] My personal belief is that they have deliberately sought to mis-
lead, in addition to which they are simply incompetent. But then they are
not to be expected to behave as journalists. Few of them are journalists.
If any at all they come from the Department of Foreign Affairs. Really they

92



It shows that Washington has not the slightest intention of altering its
policies and schemes in the region and that President Reagan does not want
these policies to be tampered with or watered down by any reasoning or logic
which the leaders of the Frontline States might place before him.

This then raises the question why the U.S. secretary of state, George Shultz,
is coming here?

The only answer to that is that the U.S. secretary of state is coming to talk
to the Frontline States individually with the hope of dividing them to en-
hance President Reagan's conduct of support for South Africa's policies of
destabilisation in the region.

In the face of President Reagan's diplomatic snub to the Frontline States,
who were massively supported by the eighth summit of NAM in their opposition
to the apartheid regime, it is difficult to treat Mr Shultz's proposed visit
seriously.

President Reagan's refusal to meet the Frontline States shows his southern
African policies are deliberately conceived.

It escapes no one's notice that while the President of the United States is
not willing to meet the authentic leaders of this region, he recently rolled
out the red carpet for the leader of the UNITA bandits and ally of President
Botha, Jonas Savimbi, and gave him a reception usually reserved for a head
of state.

16662
cso: 3400/104

71



JPRS-SSA-86-10"
28 October 198¢

NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT ISSUES TEXT OF DECREE ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Sep 86 pp 5, 18

[Text]

THE FEDERAL MILE

TARY GOVERNMENT
hereby decrees as follows:

1.—(1) There is hereby
established a Second Tier
Foreign Exchange Market
{hereafter in this Decree re-
ferred to as “the Market’)
where transactions B
ign exchange shall
conducted in accordance
with the provisions of this
Decree.

(2) Subject to this Decree,

(
“the Central Bank of Nigeria

Prevail and that other law

shall, to the extent of the in- -

consistency, be void.

(4) For the avoidance: of
doubt, the provisions of the
Exchange Control (Anti-
Sabotage) Decree 1984 shall
not apply to transactions
lawfully conducted in. the
Market. -

2.—{1) Transactions in
the Market shall be conduct-
ed in any convertible foreign
currency.

(2) Without prejudice to
the generality of the provi-
sions of subsection (1) of
this section, transactions in
the Market shall, in addi-

tion, be conducted through
‘the usual money market
instruments, that is to

(b} foreign coins;

(c) travellers’ %

(d) bank drafts;

(e) mail or telegraphic
transfers; and ,

(f) such other money
market instruments as the
Central Bank may, from
time to time, with the ap-
proval of the Minister,
determine.

3.—{1) Any person execu-
ting any transaction in the
Market shall not be re-
quired, and if required, shall
not be obliged, to disclose
the source of foreign cur-
rency to be sold in the
Market.

°

(2) No foreign currency
imported pursuant to this
Decree shall be liable to
seizure or forfeiture or to
suffer any form of expro-
priation by the Government
of the Federation or of a
State except as provided in
section 19 (5) of this Decree.

4. For the avoidance of
doubt, foreign currency
from the following sources
may be sold in the Market,
that is to say—

{a) foreign currency domi-
iliary accounts maintained
in authorised banks in Nige-
tia in accordance with the
Foreign Currency (Domi-
ciliary Accounts) Decree
1985;

(b) foreign currency held
or imported by—

(i) Nigerian citizens re
turning home from abroad;

(ii) foreign nationals resi-
dent in Nigeria:

(iii) foreign tourists visit-
ing Nigeria;

{c) agency commissions,
Professional feds did &thér
forms of invisibld &xhtihgs;

(d) non-oil export proceeds
earned by exporters of Nige-
rian commodities;

{e) -unspent balance of
foreign currency held by
Nigerians resident in Nige-
ria;

( foreign currency impor-
ted by ‘foreigners to pur

chase goods in Nigeria;

sources; . .
th) funds held in approved
- external accounts by oil pro-

«G) foreign currency impor
bart tourists to Nigeria;

(k) foreign currency pro-
vided by the Central Bank;

() foreign exchange im-
ported for direct investment
in Nigeria;

(m) foreign currency from
such other sources as the
Minister may, from time to
time by order published in
the Gazette, specify.

5.—(1) Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary
contained in any other

32

enactment
including—
.{a) the Exchangy Control
Act 1962;
{b) the Banking Act 1969;
{c) the Exchange Control
(Anti-Sabotage) Decree

whatsoever,

(d) Foreign Currency
{Domiciliary Accounts)
Decree 1985;
the Minister may, for the
purpose of this Decree, ap-
point any bank or non-
banking corporate organisa-
tion as an Authorised
Dealer of foreign currency;
which authorisation shell be
liberally granted to organi-
sations that show evidence
of adequate resources and
capacity to operate in
accordance with the provi-
sions of this Decree.

(2) An Authorised Dealer
appointed under subsection
(1) of this section shall oper-
ate in the Market subject to
such terms and conditions
as the Minister may specify
in the letter of appointment.

6.—(1) The Minister may
revoke the appointment of

any Authorised Dealer, if
he has reason to believe
that it is not in the national
interest that such person
shail continue to operate as
an Authorised Dealer under
this Decree,

(2) Any person aggrieved
by the decision of the Minis-
tet in subsection (1) of this
section to revoke — his
appointment as an Author-
ised Dealer may, within 28
days of the receipt by him
of the Minister's letter of
revocation, appeal in


FIGURES ON KANO ILLITERACY, EDUCATION GIVEN

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 9 Sep 86 pp 1, 2

[Article by Musa Ilallah]

[Text]

KANO State has
about 4,800,000 il-
literate adults whose ages
range between 15 and 75
years, out of a popula-
tion of about 12 million.

Disclosing this at this
year’s International
Literacy Day’ celebra-
tions in Kano yesterday,
-the Director of the State
Agency for Mass Educa-
‘tion, Mallam Umaru Aji
said this figure was based
on an assessment con-
ducted by the Federal
Ministry of Education.

; Mallam Aji said equal-
fy _frightening.. are. the
high figures of primary
and post primary
schools’ dropouts and
tertiary graduates.

The Director stated
that the Agency would
soon put forward its pro-
posals to the state
government on how to
minimise, contain or
even eradicate these pro-
blems within the short
span of five years.

“Recounting the

achievements of, his

Agency, the Director

said that over 250,000
/12828

CSO: 3400/40

people had benefited
from its numerous pro-
grammes since its incep-
tion in 1982.

The Agency has gonea
long way in raising
peoples’ consciousness
to acquire education and
allow their children to at-
tend schools which
hitherto was a problem
in the state, the Director
emphasised.

Alhaji ‘Aji also ex-
plained that his Agency
had shen practically,
how the concept of
literacy and non-formal
education had been ap-
plied to functionality,
productivity and the real
world of work.

In nis address, the stae
State Commissioner for
Education, Alhaji
Ibrahim Isma’ila, stated
that the state had
witnessed. a tremendous
expansion in education,
especially in the primary
and post-primary sec-
tors.

According to the
education commissioner,
the state, with 241
primary schools and an

44

enrolment of 49,586
pupils and 16 post
primary schools enroll-
ing 4,099 students in
1968 now has over
800,000 nupils and 220
post primary schools

_ with 105,000 students.

The commissioner pin-
pointed such problems as
falling standard of
education which accor-
ding to him, is the
bedrock at the primary
schools levg! and the pro-
blem, of School drop-
outs, as facing education:
in the state. :

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA


Urban Growth Threat to Vaal Water

/9317
cso: 3400/73

The vigorous economic development of rural: areas and growth
towns not dependent on Vaal River water will marginally siem the
tide of urbanisation towards the PWV.

This was one of the suggestions given by Professor Hentie
Boshoff, lecturer in economics at Potchefstroom University, to
solve the future heavy demand on the PWV water supply.

- Speaking at the Engineering Association of South Africa’s water
symposium in Sandton yesterday, he said the present urbanisation
rate was placing a heavy demand on the PWV water supply.

Population growth, especially with the scrapping of influx con-
trol, would only aggravate the problem. .

Improved technology could lead to the recycling of water, but
this alone could not close the growing gap between water demand
and supply. He urged stricter laws governing usage, water prices to
reflect the scarcity and the introduction of efficiency standards.

113



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

ANAMBRA FOOD PRODUCTION STRATEGY DELAYED
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 29 Aug 86 p 12
[Article by Christian Ngwu]

[Text] The Anambra State government has mapped out new strategies to ensure
increased food production in the state.

The include the 'Graduate Farming Scheme' in which at least 4 hactares of
land would be provided in each locality for unemployed graduates in the
state, and 'the Village Adoption Scheme' in which necessary facilities
would be provided in the rural areas to encourage rural farmers.

Also 100 hectares of land are to be provided by each local government area
of the state for cultivation by farmers on a cooperative basis.

These facts were made known in Enugu by the Anambra State commissioner for
Agriculture, Dr Fidelis Ogah in an interview with our reporter.

Dr Ogah said that the plan had not been implemented because of the lean
financial resources of the state, but hoped that it would take off as soon
as funds were made available.

The commissioner condemned the attitude of some farmers whom he said do not

xepay the loans granted to them, adding that out of the N3 million envisaged
to have been disbursed to the farmers, only about N1.3 million were issued,

owing to lack of fund.

He noted that the state rural farmers were adequately educated on modern
methods of farming by the use of agricultural extension staff and the
services of the agricultural development project, and added that his
ministry was making serious effort to ensure that farm inputs get to farmers
early enough.

Dr Ogah however, lamented that the fertilizers normally distributed to

farmers were not enough owing to drastic reduction in its importation and
added that there is no fertilizer production company/firm in Nigeria.

49



DROP IN NATIONAL REVENUE REPORTED

Enugu WEEKLY STAR in English 24 Aug 86 p 16

{Article by Chris Agulfefo]

[Text]

HE, Chief of General Staff,
Commodore Ebitu Ukiwe,
has disclosed that the nation
recorded a‘slump in federally
collected revenue to the tune of
cover N10 billion in the last half
of the fiscal year, thus causing
a. chain reaction that was
detrimental to the smooth
functioning of the economy.
During that period, a little
over N5.175 billion was

collected as against the
projected revenue of 415.6
billion expected by the

government.

The Chief of General Staff
discléséd this when he briefed
media ¢xecutives at the State,
House, . Marina, —_ Lagos,
on Friday.

Commodore Ukiwe said that
the total revenue which accrued
to the federal government from

_ January-to June, this year, was
184.4 billion, comprising mainly
3.2 billion share of the
Federation Account and other
miscellaneous revenue.

‘Also, receipts into the
Economic Recovery Funds as
at the end of June amounted to
931,663 million, and this is
against the projected receipt of
42.4 billion during the fiscal
year, while the ‘otal expendi-
ture up to the end of June was
N5.672 billion.

/128
csi

2828
0: 3400/39

< Recovery Fund, 322,374
-million has so far been
disbursed. ~

quarter, the country
total inflow of N1,558,395,000,
which is'N922,623 less than the
total inflow: of N2,481,018,000
during the first quarter.

During the same quarter, a
total outflow of N1,941,395,000
was recorded.

‘Thus, he said, while the tota!
‘projection for the year was.
‘9.582 billion, the actual

war

performance
'N4,039,413,000 - against an
outflow of N4,274,326,000.
Commodore Ukiwe who was
presenting President Babangi-
da’s first yeas progress report
to media executives, said that
with regard to the Second-Tier

45

Foreign Exchange Scheme, a
decree to that effect has been
signed by the president, and thé
date of actual operation would
be announced by the minister
of finance.

He said that-in order to
intensify revenue generation,
consideration is being given to
the idea: of a complete re-
organisation of the Department
of Customs and Excise in line
with government views in the
Gusau Study Group on
Smuggling.

He noted that in the first five
months of this year, the depart-
ment collected a total revenue
‘of N1.39 billion, an increase of
corresponding figure of last
year.

JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SECURITY CHECKS ON RETURNING RESIDENTS--The government has announced that
it will now conduct thorough investigations on returning residents before
their applications to stay in the country can be considered. The minister
of home affairs, Comrade Enos Nkala, said the returnees must have security
checks before they can be readmitted to Zimbabwe. He said the new regu-
lations also require that the returnees show proof of their means of
sustenance on returning to Zimbabwe. The minister said because Zimbabwe
has an obligation to protect itself, returning residents will continue

to be monitored by the state security in order to prove that they are
not a security risk. He said, however, that those with special skills

and those bringing back assets and foreign currency will have a sympathetic
hearing. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMI [no date
given]] /9604

COVERNMENT ASSISTANCE FOR FARMERS--The prime minister, Comrade Robert
Mugabe, has said farmers should not regard their farms as symbols of
prestige, but should use them productively for the benefit of the nation.
He was officially opening the 37th annual conference of the Zimbabwe
National Farmers Union in Mutare today. Comrade Mugabe urged the farmers
to play their useful role in the fulfillment of the objectives of the
5-year national development plan. He said the farmers' contribution to
the plan will be judged by the (?real) extent of their involvement in the
development projects. He assured them that the government will continue
to create conditions for expanded production in commodities, which are
of specific importance to the country. In this regard, the prime minister
said provision of a sound infrastructure, such as water storage and
marketing facilities, will be proffered for all categories of farmers.
[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 24 Sep 86] /9604

EEC FUNDS FOR BEIRA CORRIDOR--Public and private sector groups involved in
the development and rehabilitation of the Beira Corridor need financial
assistance to complete the project. THE HERALD newspaper reports that

the chairman of the Beira Corridor project, Mr Dennis Norman, has revealed
that the EEC's corridor group--Denmark and the Netherlands—-have pledged
more than $100 million. About $280 million is needed for total completion
of the project. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in Ndebele 0700 GMT

23 Sep 86] /9604

74



Even though the DET says it is “only a very small
number” of pupils affected by the closures, the chair-
man of the Soweto Parents Crisis Committee, Mrs
Sebolelo Mohajane, says there are “thousands of chil-
dren out of school because of the closure ... we must
look at the black child who is in the middle of a crisis,
we must start assisting that child now”.

Parents, educationists and pupils say the system of
black education is a total failure and must be
scrapped to make way for something else. The DET,
on the other hand, says it is “willing to discuss every
aspect of the development and upgrading programme
fully, both past and present”.

But many parents, pupils and an increasing number
of educationists seem to favour the novel idea of “peo-
ple’s education” which was dealt with at length at the
seminar.

Educationist Dr Ken Hartshorne describes the con-
cept of “people’s education” as the “working out of the
educational consequences of the Freedom Charter”,
being inextricably bound up with the concept of “peo-

/9317
CSO: 3400/69

84

ple’s power” which was the collective strength of the
community.

He said “apartheid education” had been damaging
to black and white children, being “authoritarian in
nature and influenced strongly by Christian National
education”.

But the Government looks askance at the concept of
“people’s education”. Last week Dr Gerrit Viljoen,
Minister of Education and Training, said he was
in favour of the idea if it meant the involvement of
communities in their schools by way of school com-
mittees, boards and representative councils for pupils.

However, if it meant a “revolutionary” system of
tuition aiming at politically indoctrinating pupils it
would not be allowed.

A concerned East Rand parent suggests another
idea for black schools: the return of black education to
the pre-Verwoerdian era when all schools in the town-
ships and rural areas were run by the churches,

He suggests that the annual moneys budgeted for
the DET be channelled to the churches, who must then
run schools and recruit and train teachers.


SALE OF MILITARY WEAPONS TO ROBBERS UNDER INVESTIGATION

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 11 Sep 86 p 16

[Article by Rex Okechukwu, Azubuike Nkala & Fide Ugwu]

{Text]

'HREE soldiers are now

helping the police in their
investigation into circums-
tances surrounding the sale of
some military weapons and
uniforms to a team. of
detectives posing as armed
robbers.

The arrest followed incessant
reports that some armed
robbers arrested in recent times
were found with military
weapons.

As a result of this
development, detectives posed
as armed robbers and visited
the. 82 Division Army
Headquarters and Signals in
Enugu, asking for a deal.

According to our source, the
three suspects, described as a
corporal and two privates,
promised to release at N55

‘uniforms and = ammunition
which could have normaily cost
500, for the use of the ‘armed
robbers’

/12828
cso: 3400/40

It was gathered that the

suspects further demanded
4500 for arms which could
have also cost about ¥3,000.

The detectives handed over
NSS and the suspects produced
nine rounds of .762 mm calibre
life ammunition and hand
gloves to cover the “robbers”
finger prints on any objects.

At the end of the deal, the
detectives identitied themselves
and arrested the soldiers.

DAILY STAR gathered that
police detectives were working
round the clock to determine
the extent of any influence
from the superiors of the
suspects.

‘A source close to the police,
indicated that the deal had
been prospering since a long
time.

‘According to the source, the
bank robbery at Nnewi,
sometime this year, and other
similar incidents in the state,
were committed with

39

sophisticated military

weapons.

The source also revealed
that, without prejudice to
whatever military action the
suspects might face, their case
fell under the armed robbery
and firearms decree.

According to the source,
police were now seriously
determined to fish out the old
“customers” of the suspects,
adding: ‘we will smash a heavy
gang at the end of the
investigation”.

It was also gathered that
detectives were poised to get to
the background of the
suspects, with a view to finding
out the specific criminals they
had deait with in the past.

The public’ relations officer
for the police command, Mr
Olayinka Babatunde,
Balogun, confirmed the story,
and added that the suspects
had made useful statements to
the police.

JPRS-SSA-86.
“10
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA- 86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RECESSION FORCES DRASTIC CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Sep 86 p 1

[Article by Michael Chester]

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/73

Two-thirds of black families and
nearly one in every three white
families have been forced to
make drastic cutbacks in their
lifestyles because of the cash
squeeze of the prolonged reces-
sion, according to a research
study released today.

But a faint flicker of improve-
ment has been recorded in signs
that, although there is still de-
spondency, consumer pessimism
about the economic outlook is
not as deep as a year ago.

The  Markinor Research
Group, in its Consumer Pulse
monitor of trends, has found
that the number of whites fear-
ing still worse to come has
shrunk from 78 percent a year
ago to 47 percent.

But pessimism runs much
deeper among black families.
Even here, however, the number
convinced that the economic sit-
uation will deteriorate still fur-

109

ther in the short term has at
least slipped from 97 percent
last year to 89 percent now.

“Expenditure on items such
as clothing, eating out and en-
tertainment, groceries, liquor,
transport and holidays is scru-
tinised for ways of economis-
ing,” says the study.

“More consumers are. shop-
ping on price. Convenience foods
and takeaways are being substi-
tuted with less expensive, if
more onerous, alternatives.

“Saving has become impossi-
ble for most people.”

Most whites were convinced
the main reason for hardship
was economic’ — falls in the
gold price and rand exchange
rate, Government mismanage-
ment of the economy, and the
drought, all aggravated by the

‘ political situation.

Blacks were almost unani-
mous that the problem and solu-
tion were political.



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 OCTOBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Africa-wide German Activity in Water Supply Development
(W. An.; FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,
18 Aug 86) .....eeeee dee e ence c cece cece ee eeeenceeseeseeeeees

European Fiscal, Technical Aid for Milk Production, Processing
(W. An.; FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

19 Aug 86) ....... a
CHAD
Minister Appeals for Aid To Combat Locust Invasion
(Ndjamena Domestic Service, 6 Oct 86) ...... eee e cece eee eees
GUINEA
Cautious Economic Liberalization Under New 3-Year Plan
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 14 Aug 86).
MOZAMBIQUE

Foreign Minister Addresses UNGA on Apartheid
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 1 Oct 86) ....--++ee.

Financial Aid Agreements With Sweden Signed
(Maputo Domestic Service, 1 Oct 86) .....+eeeee wee eeeecceee

Includes Emergency Aid
Rehabilitation of Navigation Aids

Commentary Says Malawi Only RSA's 'Simple Agent'
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 25 Sep 86) ...-++++--

Briefs

Sofala Province Transport Down

Frelimo's Gruveta Addresses Malawi Convention
Election Process Extended in Zambezia
Minister Concludes Seychelles Visit

10

13

13

13

14


built-in cupboards. At all
stages the potential owners
will have the choice.

Mr Dookie says in the past
large amounts of money had
been wasted because soon after
moving into the State-built
homes people undertook major
alterations. |
@ The aim would be home own-
ership, keeping rented housing
toa minimum.

@A new rental formula was
being drawn up which would
include incentives to purchase
homes. This would be an-
nounced soon.

@ Apart from starting and de-
veloping new housing schemes,
money would be set aside to
upgrade existing towns, such as
Chatsworth and Phoenix, pro-
viding better infrastructure. *
@The infrastructure in new
townships would be given pri-
ority. Transport links with such
things as bus terminals and bus
bays would be settled. before
people moved into a new area,
with clinics and schools going
up as soon as possible. Pre-

79317
cso: 3400/72

viously ‘the development of
homes had taken place first.
@ Special attention would be
given to rural areas as a sepa-
rate entity from the urban
areas.

Here basic structures with a
water supply would be provid-
ed and would meet health re-

quirements. Infrastructure
would be improved as demand
grew.

@ Various legislative amend-
ments were being considered
which would allow local auth-
orities to push ahead with the
development of new townships
before they were legally pro-
claimed. °

The amendments would also
permit building societies to
grant financial assistance up to
a limit of R80 000 in the inter-
im period.
@ Land would no longer be sold
priced only on square me-
terage. The type of plot and po-
sition of the plot would be
taken into account. = *

102

@The Department was study-
ing possible de-regulation in
the housing sector as many
people were being deprived of
homes as a result of over-regu-
lation.

Mr Dookie said the money
budgeted for housing was an
indication of how seriously the
problem was being taken.

Between 1920 and 1980 the
Government had spent
R750 million, providing 84000
housing units, .

This year R127 million had
been budgeted to provide 4000
housing units and 7600 ser-
viced sites and the tempo
would increase.

A further R49 million had
been made available to his De-
partment from the special
housing and employment de-
velopment scheme announced
last month by the Government.

This money would be used to
buy more land and start work
‘on more homes. But because of
planning delays much of the
work would not be undertaken
this year. .



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

KANO WATER SALE CANCELLED--The Kano State Water Resources and Engineering
Construction Agency (WRECA), has suspended indefinitely its decision to
reintroduce water selling stations in the state. This followed a directive
from the new Military Governor of the State, Wing Commander Mohammed Umaru.
In a press briefing by the WRECA Managing Director Engineer Magaji Abdullahi,
it was revealed that the new Military Governor has asked the WRECA to stop
the action, because the bulk of the public stand pipe water consumers, are

at the bottom of the economic ladder in the society. Engineer Magaji said
the new military dispensation also feels that in view of the present economic
situation in the country particularly in the rural areas, such consumers
might be hard pressed. Therefore, all preparations towards the establishment
of the water selling stations is henceforth stopped, he added. The Managing
Director also said all potential water vendors who purchased forms from the
WRECA revenue department will be refunded their money. [Text][Kano THE
TRIUMPH in English 9 Sep 86 p 16]/12828

BISHOPS CRITICLZE BIRTH CONTROL MEASURES--Catholic Bishops in Nigeria have
called for a review of the current campaign for population control in the
country, a communique issued at the end of their second plenary meeting

at Ede in Oyo State disclosed last week. The communique said that it was
unfortunate that pills and injections as well as other contraceptive devices,
which had been banned and declared unfit in other countries, were being
freely used in Nigeria. The Bishops urged Nigerians not to accept a
programme of population control "that amounts to poisoning themselves",
adding that they should rather adequately inform themselves about the
efficacy of the alternatives to natural family planning methods. The
communique commended the commitment of the present administration to return
the country to civilian rule, but added that it needed to revive the nation
“morally, spiritually and politically". On the economy, the Bishops called
on the policy makers to ensure that whatever they did were for the needs
and greater good of the vast majority of Nigerians. [Text][Kano THE TRIUMPH
in English 15 Sep 86 p 12]/12828

BAUCHI PROJECTS DELAY--Out of the 52 million Naira earmarked for the

execution of programmes under the Bauchi State integrated rural development
programme this year, only six million Naira has so far been disbursed and
spent on projects, Governor Chris Garuba has said. He told newsmen at a
briefing to mark his government's one year in office on Wednesday that the

low level of disbursement to the programme was due "to the prevailing

economic situation which was not for seen when the budget was being prepared."
Efforts were however, being made to generate more funds through levy and other
sources, he said. Colonel Garuba said so far, the amount disbursed had

gone into the construction of 300 kilometres of new roads, and the rehabilitation
of 1,500 kilometres of others, while 898 kilometres of roads were

constructed through communal efforts. He said 560 kilometres of roads were
set for construction this year and about 1,800 kilometres earmarked for
rehabilitation and repairs. Colonel Garuba said four contracts had been
awarded for the reactivation, commissioning and drilling of 230 boreholds

in 212 towns and villages throughout the state, in addition to the 250
boreholds to be drilled by the Directorate of Food, Roads and Rural
Infrastructure. The governor said 18 towns in the state were now enjoying

62



/12828
CSO:

states reported using it.
The percentage of house-
hold using gas and electri-
city as commonest fuel
“were low, being just over
3 per cent and under.10
per cent’ respectively for
all the.urban areas of the
country.

The survey equally
reveals tie disparity in
wall building and roof
types. In urban and rural
area, in the rural areas,

-mud houses dominated;

44 per cent of all houses
were mud unrendered
while 21 per cent were
mud rendered.

‘Cement block walls
accounted for 17 per cent
and thatch walls had 15

3400/40

per cent; other types of
walls accounted for only 3
per cent. In the urban
however, cement block
walls and mud wall with
cement plaster (i.e. render-
ed) came in almost equal
proportions (44 per cent
and 41 per cent respecti-
vely). Mud unrendered
walls had 14 per cent
while other types of walls
accounted for only one per
cent.

For the materials of
roof, iron sheets were the
commonest type account-
ing for 24 per cent of all

roofs in the urban and 48

per cent of those in the
rural, .

48



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMENTS ON MULTINATIONAL NATURE OF RSA
MB010746 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 1 Oct 86
{Station commentary: "Various Peoples With a Common Destiny"]

[Text] In its obsession with sanctions as a means of forcing South Africa
to do experiments the Western world remains totally unmoved by the funda-
mentals of the South African situation. Chief among these is the fact that
South Africa is a country of many nations, all of them minorities.

The strife in most other African states stems from a similar situation. The
difference between South Africa and these other states is that while they
have 2 or 3 different nations within their borders, South Africa has 13. The
whites form 1 group, the coloreds--or people of mixed descent--form another,
the Asians another, and the blacks comprise 10 different nations.

The whites, coloreds, and Asians speak the same languages, English and
Afrikaans, and their cultures and traditions have similarities. The 10 black
nations, on the other hand, have 10 different languages, 10 different cul-
tures, and their traditions and value systems are also totally different, not
only from each other but also from the whites, coloreds, and Asians. In the
past, there was rigid separation between all the groups on all levels. This
policy came to be known as apartheid and later as separate development with
the accent on development. Over the past quarter of a century, South Africa's
10 black nations were given their own national states in the interest of
(?their) self-determination. A total of 4 of those 10 now have sovereign
independence, and the other states are self-governing. In the ongoing pro-
cess of modern. democracy in South Africa, the colored and Asian groups, which
do not have their own traditional territory and which share so many tradi-~
tions with the whites, were also accorded political self-determination with
the establishment, 2. years ago, of their own chambers in South Africa's
central parliament. The final stage of constitutional development in South
Africa involves the accommodation of black political aspirations at central
government level.

It was against this background that President P.W. Botha said this week: We
cannot accept any constitutional model that does not fully account for the
multicultural nature of our society, Western governments need to come to terms
with this reality if they are to have any positive influence on developments in
South Africa.

/6662

CsO: 3400/98 97



Group Accuses NLC

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1l Sep 86 p 1, 2

[Text]

GROUP of trade
unionists within the
igeria Labour Congress
said in Lagos yesterday
that Nigerian workers
were not organised
enough to be involved in
the running of the country
sin 1990.

Addressing a press con-
ference ‘yesterday, the
‘leader of a group known as

“Democrats within’ the

“NLC, Mr. Godwin Uluo-
cha, said that.thefactthat -

Decree 22 of 1978 central-

“ised industrial unions, did.

not ‘mean that workers
-were united,

The group, which com-
prised of 10 unions, also
accused the NLC leader-
ship for not rendering
yearly accounts to the
registrar of trade unions.

The democrats, how-
ever, denied that they are
a splinter group in the
NLC.

“We will not split the
NLC, we are only trying
to establish our identity”
said Uluocha.

Mr. Uluocha said the
group opposed the
candidature of Alhaji
Hassan Sunmonu for the
presidency of the
Organisation .of Trade
Union Unity: (OATUU)

because Sunmonu was not
a member of the NLC
National Executive Coun-
cil (NEC) at the time he

was nominated.
csaryeen the acting
eral, socrotary of ne

for OATUU or any other
international body: only
needed ta be one v:ho
must be associated with
the trade union move-
ment.

“The fact is that the
choice must represent the
views of the workers of his
country. He must also be
a seasoned _ trade
unionists”, Osunde said.

On the accounts of the
NLC, Dr. Osunde pre
sented documents to
prove that the NLC had
rendered its accounts
from 1979 to 1985.

“The registrar of trade
unions has not raised
queries on the accounts
rendéred, and we contest
this anywhere.”

Two days, ago, the
group known as “demo-
crats”, walked out of the
NLC, Central Working
Committee (CWC) meet-
ing, when it desided that
the two factions of
National Union of Petro-
Jeum’ and Natural Gas
Workers ,(NUPENG)
should leave the meeting.

22

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

material witnesses were not available, or refused to provide even elementary
information, such as the names of the deceased. The security forces proposed
that inquest documents, except for the frontispieces, should not be made
public. The Van Dyk Commission said it could not contest, on the available
evidence, that there was an inherent threat to civilian witnesses in judicial
inquests into war-related deaths. "Against that should be weighed the
interests of the community, particularly the right of the public to know how
unnatural deaths were caused," the commission said. [Text] [Johannesburg
SAPA in English 1856 GMT 6 Oct 86] /9599

URANIUM MINE CLOSING--The biggest open sky uranium mine in the world, the
Rossing mine, might be closed as a result of economic sanctions imposed by the
United States on South Africa, according to well-informed sources in Windhoek.
We recall that last week the American Congress approved a package of economic
sanctions for implementation against the Pretoria regime, including an embargo
on South African uranium, with the aim of forcing South Africa to dismantle
its apartheid policy. The mine's management declined comment on the issue,
despite rumors circulating in financial and industrial circles mentioning the
possibility that the mine might close down. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service
in Portuguese 0500 GMT 7 Oct 86] /9599

CSO: 3400/150

18


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN HOUSING MINISTER DESCRIBES PLAN TO SOLVE HOUSING PROBLEM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Sep 86 p 11

[Report on interview with Indian Housing Minister Baldeo Dookie by Bruce
Cameron; date and place not given]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — Final details
are being completed for a
housing strategy involving mil-
lions of rands to wipe out over
the next few years the 40 000-
unit housing backlog for In-
dians.

Indian Housing Minister Mr
Baldeo Dookie is confident he
can break the back of the back-
log within five years, with 10
years required to wipe it out
finally. .

The biggest problem he faces
is the shortage of land and the
ravaging effect the Group
Areas Act has had on the In-
dian community’s land owner-
ship. .

Mr Dookie says he has been
unfairly criticised for not get-
ting moving fast. enough on
providing houses. But he says
his critics are now in for a sur-
prise.

After taking over a depart-
ment which inherited a legacy
of very little from the old con-
stititional structure, he says he
had to start more or less at the
beginning.

There had been no forward

planning and in 1981 Govern-

ment policy was changed.

Houses could only be construct-

ed for people earning less than

R150 a month.

At the same time nothing
was done to stimulate a cli-
mate for the private sector to
take over.

This, he said, was a major
mistake. “Housing is one issue
where budgets cannot be cut. It
creates frustrated communi-
ties.”

When he took over, housing
for Indians fell under various
Government departments and
local authorities with the result
that there was no single plan or
proper assessment.

The first task he set was to
draw up a housing strategy es-
tablishing needs and priorities.

The plan for Natal has been
completed and one for the
Transvaal is nearing comple-
tion. __.

At the same time land is
being identified for townships
and various options are being
considered for the construction
of homes.

The target of the new strate-
gy is to reduce the cost of hous-
ing and take account of the fi-
nancial position of each indi-
vidual.

Mr Dookie said: “People
must not be faced with such
large housing costs that they
are not able to afford to eat

101

properly, buy essentials or pay:
for education.”

Some of the major policy de-

cisions taken include:
@ Initially, of the sites provid-
ed by the Department, 80 per-
cent would be for the construc-
tion of homes for the low in-
come groups while the rest
would be made available on a
site and service basis.

This ratio would, however,

gradually be changed, making
more ‘self-help sites available.
People earning less than R800
a month would qualify for con-
structed homes.
@ Because of the criticism of
the type of housing and the
high initial costs owners would
be given far greater choice.

Prototype “starter homes”
were being constructed or
planned in Durban, Richards
Bay, Lenasia outside Johannes-
burg, and Pelican Park in Cape
Town.

‘These starter homes could be
built in four stages. The first
stage would be a basic roofed
shell with electrical and water
fittings, a kitchen and bath-
room.

The next three stages would
include room partitions and
plastering and various finishes
such as paint, carpeting and


GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES CABINET, GOVERNOR CHANGES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 19 Sep 86 pp l, 3

[Text]

THE Minister of Mines,
Power and Steel, Pro-
fessor Tam David-West,
and the Governor of
Benue State. Colonel
Yohanna Madaki, have
been removed from
their posts by the
Federal Government.

The government also ap-
pointed three ministers and
swapped the places of
others,

Chief Press Secretary to the
President, Chief Duro
Onabule, releasing the details
yesterday, said the new Gover-
‘Nor ‘Of Benue State is Col-
onel Ishaya Bakut who now
takes over from Colonel
Madaki, removed from
Gongola State only a few
weeks ago.

The new ministers are Air
Commodore Bayo Lawal,
Minister of Sports and Social
Development; Mr. Tony Momoh,
until now, General Manager
(Publications) of the Daily Times.
of Nigeria, Minister of Informa-
tion and Culture and Alhaji
Ismaila Mamman, Commis-

sioner for Finance, Kaduna State?
now Minister of Trade.

/12828
CSO: 3400/39

Major-General Muhammadu
Gado Nasko, Minister of Trade,
now takes over the Ministry of
Agriculture and Water Resources
from Lt.-General Alani
Akinrinade (rtd) who moves over’
to the Ministry of Industries, .

Minister of Industries, Alhaji
Bunu Sheriff Musa, takes Over
from Professor Tam David-West.

President Ibrahim Babangida
swore in the new appointees at
the council chambers, Dodan
Barracks, Lagos.

Congratulating the new
ministers after they took their
oath of office, President
Babangida reminded them of the
difficult economic times the na-
tion was passing through.

He saidit was a Great challenge
which required hard work to
tackle it.

He expressed the hope that the
new ministers would.
demonstrate a total cémmitment
to the task of revamping the
economy.

Minister of Defence, Major-
General Domiat Bali, Chief of
Army Staff, Major-Geiicral Sani

‘Abacha, Chief of Naval Staff.

Rear Admiral Augustus
Aikhomu, Chief of Air Staff, Air-
Vice Marshal Ibrahim Alfa and
the Inspector-General of Police.
Mr. Etim Inyang and some
members of the Armed Forces
Ruling Council (AFRC) witness-
ed the swearing-in ceremony.

The changes were the third by
government. +

The first reshuffle last January
witnessed the swapping of port-
folios by six ministers, the second
in August saw the appointment of
dght new governor's, Teassign-
ment of five governors ana ine
redeployment of eight governors,

30

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA


NATION'S SALARIES COMPARED TO EUROPE, U.S.

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Sep 86 p 5

[Text]

/9317°
cso: 3400/71

SALARY earners in SA were “church mice” com-
ared with European and US salary-earners, a Direc-
rs and Boards financial journal report said.

A comparative study found South Africans took
home only about half of what their American counter-
parts did and even less compared with the best paid,
the Swiss.

The lower down the scale, the better off South
Africans seemed, comparatively speaking: foremen,
supervisors and sales reps earned 64% and took home
56% compared with their US colleagues, while senior
executives, directors and feneral managers earned
64% and took home less than 50%.

The Swiss averaged 115% of US salaries, with take-
home pay as high as 114%,

South African salaries were 70% of US salaries for
junior/middle management and professional staff,
‘who took home 56%, and 70% for senior/middle man-
agement, who took home only 50%.

‘The report said in recent years SA sal earners
had been in a much more competitive position com-
pared with the US.

It also said there “was no doubt” the SA econom:
had “suffered badly” due to movements of the U
dollar and other currencies in relation to the rand.

SA salary positions had reversed compared to
Europe. Economic depression in SA “had severely
slowed job progression”.

The report said: “Traditionally, SA has drawn her
skills from Europe via immigration, using high sala-
ries, job progression and sunshine as the lures.

“However, the high rate of inflation, the impact of
the punitive exchange rates and the heavy personal
tax burden have severely damaged our competitive
situation.”

It said South Africans were not fully aware of the
position and were still maintaining a high level of

ving which was given a false front, from the view
that “it is better to spend today than save for tomor-
row because of high inflation’. — Sapa.

111

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



EXAMPLE OF INDIA'S COAL MECHANIZATION BEING STUDIED

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 8 Sep 86 p 1

[Article by Ndu Ughan adu]

[Text]

JHE Nigerian Coal
Corporation is

studying the coal
mechanization process
of India with a view to
knowing how suitable it
is, to the country’s
(Nigeria) coal industry.

The Minister of Mines,
Power and Steel, Professor
Tam David-West told the
Business Times last week in
Lagos that this was.one of
the areas of co-operation he
sought from the Indian
government on his recent
tour to the country,

Professor David-West
who returned to the country
jast week said that the
general manager of the
Nigerian Coal Corporation,
Mr. Festus Ugwu, was still
in India to further study the
mechanization adding that
if found suitable, this would
boost the country’s coal
production.

He said that what the
coal industry needed most

at the moment, was produc- .

tion mechanization to
increase supply and meet
market demands.

/12828
cso: 3400/40

Said the minister: “The
manual system of coal
production has reduced
production considerably.””

A few months ago, the
minister said that it was
expected that the coal
sector could be made to
earn substantial foreign
exchange for the govern-
ment,

“With respect to produc-
tion, negotiations have
reached advanced stage
with investors to supply
equipment producing coal
on large scale and profit
oriented basis.”

It is, therefore, expected
that the coal corporation
would produce three million
tonnes of coal from Enugu
and Benue Mines for local
and export markets in 1986,

Accordingly, the corpora-
tion had worked out pricing
modalities for the country’s
coal, the Minister added.

Between 1976-1982,
attempts were made to
mechanize the industry
through a contract signed
with a Polish firm, KOPEX,
at a cost of N30 million out
of which about ¥28 million
had been paid out.

54

The Minister said that
the contract did not yield
much result adding that the
machines had been lying
waste at the coal mines
because of their unsuitabi-
lity to our soil.

The Nigerian Coat:

Corporation earned only
127,173.60 dollars from the
exportation of 5,000 tonnes
of coal in 1985.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT REVISES SPENDING ESTIMATE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 86 p 3

[Text]
i t, show the
Vv i Barend du Plessis’ budget, §
pie picker ei ba has level of excess has declined since June,
months, moving closer to The bud- when spending for the first three months
geted projection of a 15,8% increase was 24.4% above the ates that govern-
on actual expenditures last year. ment made special, one-time expendi-
row! expendi nditures for August were tures at the beginning of the year that
figure according tothe account of rev may be smoothed out by next March.
enues and issues published in last Fri- In August, the Jareest increases, in
day’s Government Gazette. issues were Terre Develop ad
For the first five months of the fiscal bly Administra Dev lopment oa
year, including August, spending to- ant ence. i
i Development and Planning — the
talled R15,8bn, an 18,3% increase over mat Si
the same period a year earlier. largest single departmental budget
A senior government official said his broken down in the figures — declined
earlier statement that spending for the y or 4 a
year would be about 3% over budget was Issues reflect funds issued by govern-
still “reasonable”. ment to departments for expenditures.
‘Economists analysing the budget, ‘They may not match actual spending in
however, said spending would more like- a given month.
ly end up 5% above budget. At the same time, revenues continued
Government also Published a revised to be slightly sluggish. Tax revenues in
estimate of its expenditure for the cur- August — a month marked avy
rent fiscal year, reflecting a 1,7% in- collections from mining groups — rose
crease a the budget fabled in March just 33% from August 1985 to R3,3bn.
: ent of Finance said to! ‘or the first five months, revenues rose
expenditures for the year were budgeted by 12,2% — slightly below the 12,9%
at Rs8,2ibn_ “Fela 18s eee ade i projected by Du Plessis to Rigen
original budget provided for an increase aa na nes nehovernment
f 13,9%, to R37,57bn. : ; roe ing for the
° The figures on government issues, al- pith a deficit be fore porn Government
" > a” first five months of R2,9bn.
though still well above Finance Minister projected ‘a R4,0bn deficit in its first
budget.
/9317

cso: 3400/73

108



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

ZIMBABWE

CHURCH CONFERENCE ON ANTIAPARTHEID MEASURES
MB241406 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1357 GMT 24 Sep 86

[Text] Harare, 24 Sep (SAPA)--Presbyterian churchmen meeting in Harare
have included support for selective sanctions and disinvestment among
measures the denomination's 70,000 members throughout southern Africa
could adopt to help end apartheid. However, a tenuous reference to a
possible economic boycott of South Africa was counter-balanced--or
contradicted--by an unequivocal call to the church to encourage “those
who are striving to maintain or to create employment opportunities."

Presbyterians have been urged by the traditionally conservatively-minded
church to consider participation in civil disobedience, joining in consumer
boycotts, or refusing to serve in the South African Defence Force, but

the general theme of resolutions adopted at its general assembly in

Harare this week was reconciliation and communication.

The 150 delegates from South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia resolved to send
a message to the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, and the minister of law
and order, Mr Louis le Grange, expressing dismay at indiscriminate arrests
which had netted respected members of the Presbyterian Church, and also
at recent security legislation reducing the power of the courts. The
message voiced concern at the South African Government's alleged failure
to "address the real causes of the country's problems," concluding with a
call for a firm undertaking to dismantle apartheid totally.

Other resolutions adopted urged support for detainees, participation in
the End Conscription Campaign, and less harsh treatment conscientious
objectors.

The assembly urged the South African Government to permit all who object
to wearing uniform to complete a maximum of 4 years alternative service
with religious or welfare organisations. Religious convictions should
not be the sole ground for conscientious objection. The assembly also
demanded reduction in the period of imprisonment that can be imposed on
an objector.

72


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

Umoh on ‘Power tussle'

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 22 Sep 86 p 18

{Article by Umoh James Umoh]

[Text]

HE “power tussle
T within the Organi-
Sation of African Trade
Union Unity (OATUU)
has taken a new and
dramatic twist. The

ners secretary of
the OATUU, Mr.
Dennis’ Akumu, has
decided not to seek re-
eléction -during the
;forthcoming
conference of the
OATUU © slated - for
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
‘in-October this year.

Reliable sources: “very
close to’-the OATUU,
secretariat in- Accra,
Ghana told the Business.
Times in Lagos last: week
that Mr. Akumu has
already informed the
Kenyan Government of
his. decision. not to
continue as. general
secretary of the OATUU.
after the October, 1986
conference of this African

continental dabour
movement: in Addis
Ababa.

Mr. Akumu has been the
general secretary of the.

OATUU since the
inception of _ the
organisation in 1973.

. Before his appointment as
the general secretary of
the OATUU, Mr. Akumu
‘was the general secretary
of the — Central
Organisation of Trade
Union (COTU) of Kenya.

It is not known whether:
Mr. Akumu decided

voluntarily to withdraw |

from the OATUU power.
struggle or was under
pressure to do so.
Reports from | the
OATUU secretariat in
Accra disclosed that Mr.

Akumu hinted his
colleagues in the
secretariat about many’

meetings he held with
officials of the Kenyan

lJabour movement |
Central Organisation of
Trade Unions (COTU)
the Organisation which,
had sponsored. him tu the
Organisation of African
Trade Union Unity
AOATUU) during the
ina conference of
the OATUU in 1973.
According to, the Accra
reports, Mr. Akumu also.
«met with officials of the
Kenyan. Ministry of
Labour. At the end: of
these meetings, Mr.
Akumu informed _ his
OATUU _ secretariat

colleagues that he would
not contest as the general:
secretary of the OATUU.
during the fortheoming
Addis Ababa conference,

conference of the OATUU |

hosted in January, 1985
by the Nigeria Labour’
Congress. The Lagos
conference ended in a
deadlock and no elections
were held because of the
controversy over lack of
Proper accountability by
the OATUU leaders and
because of a dispute over
the voting rights of
OATUU affiliates who
had not paid their trade
union dues up-to-date.

A caretaker. committee .

was
controversial Lagos con-
ference to reconcile the:
OATUU “accounts and
then summon another
conference within one
year.

The caretaker
committee was headed by
the president of the
‘Nigeria Labour Congress,
Alhaji Ali Chiroma.

This committee did not
receive sufficient co-
operation from the
OATUU secretariat in
Accra. Another conferene
of. the OATUU held_in

set up by the -

Accra. Another conference.
February, 1986, split the
organisation into two
factions.

The former president of
the Nigeria Labour:
Congress, Mr. Hassan
Sunmonu is now leading
the majority faction of
OATUU with 29 affiliates
The other faction of
OATUU is led by a.
Libyan Union leader, Mr.

:EI Nefishy as president
and Mr. Dennis Akumu as.
generalsecretary. =

The decision of Mr.,

Akumu not to contest the ;
post of general secretary
of OATUU during the
forthcoming October
conference’ must have
been based on the desire
of his country Kenya; to
Preserve the unity | of

‘OATUU.

Since Mr. Akumu ‘has
been at the central of the

‘OATUU | contrayersy. in.

Lagos in February, 1985
and in Accra conference in:

‘January, 1986, it seems -

the Kenyan government
was not very pleased for
their son to be
responsible for the crisis
inthe OATUU,
It is

during the ina yn 3
Mr. Akumu held with his

country’s labour

that

- movement - the COTU,

and the Kenyan Ministry
of. Labour, he must have
been advised to withdraw
from the OATUU - so as
to restore unity and
sanity in that
organisation.

The ‘withdrawal of Mr.
Akumu from the power
tussle .in OATUU is
bound to affect the aspira-,
tions of the ‘Nigeria
Labour Congress to
sponsor a candidate to
contest OATUU
presidency. .

When 4 Nigerian, Mr.
Hassan Sunmonu was

in Accra in

24

“February, 1986 to head a
majority faction of
OATUU made up of 29
affiliates it was only
because most of them.
‘were opposed to Mr,
Dennis Akumu
continuing as general
secretary of OATUU and
Mr. EI Nefishy of Libya.
continuing as the
‘president.

Now that Mr. Akumu is:
out of the OATUU race
for ‘power, the affiliates
will ‘now settle down to
make their reql choice of
new leaders to run the
affairs of the OATUU.

If the NLC still insists’
on fielding a candidate to”.

jeontest OATUU
presidency or post of
general sécretary, such a
candidate will no doubt
face stiff opposition.

. The OATUU held
another conference in
tAccra in February, this
"year. Again the passion
for OATUU power was so
‘intense that the NLC
‘delegation at the’ Accra
conference headed a
faction.

._ If that happens, will the
NLC not create another’
faction of OATUU? Even
if. the NLC is united’ at
home and presents one
candidate, it will be a
trade union miracle for
that candidate to win
OATUU presidency. But:
snow the NLC which
caused the OATUU to
split into two factions at
the Accra conference has
‘now split into two
factions, +

- All is not well with the
Nigerian Labour
Congress. One faction of
NLC favours the candida-
ture of Mr. Hassan Sun-
monu, the former
president .of the congress
while another faction of
the NLC has nominated
the general secretary of
the Non-Academic Staff



JPRS-SSA-86~107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST DEPLORES LACK OF HONEST POLITICAL REPORTING ON RADIO, TV

Durban POST NATAL in English 17-20 Sep 86 p 10

{Article by Ameen Akhalwaya in 'My View' Column]

[Text]

f
PAM Ewing’s terminal-
ly-ill lover, Mark, disap-
peared from Dadlas, pre-
sumably lost in a plane
crash: But Mark reap-
peared in a different
guise in Flamingo
Road. Then he reap-
peared in Dallas...

Fallon’s baby was kid- |
napped a few months
ago. Then the baby was
kidnapped again. But
he/she wasn’t kidnapped
twice. It was just that
Dynasty (or was it Fal-
con Crest?), having had
a run on Bop-TV, was
now appearing on SABC-
TV.

For the casual viewer,
keeping track of who’s
who and who's doing
what to whom in which
programme is mind-bog-
gling enough, but it is
even more confusing try-
ing to keep track of the
TV channel on which all
this soap-sudded skuldug-
gery is going on.

To add to the chaos, M-
Net is preparing to take
off, while the SABC
has changed its radio
frequencies.

Now I don’t know what
their situation is in Natal.
But on the Reef we have
— in addition to SABC
radio’s usual English and
Afrikaans, ethnic and pop
programmes — Radio
702, Radio Bop, and occa-
sionally Capital 604.

702, Bop, and Capital
are supposed to be home-
land-based stations, but
who really believes that?

On 702’s hourly news
programme, for exam-
ple, seldom is there news
about its supposed home-
land, Bophuthatswana.
The callers on John
Berk’s popular 702 chat
shows are almost all
from the Reef. In fact,
telephone callers are
asked to dial a Johannes-
burg number.

Now the SABC has in-
troduced a pukkah non-
homeland station called
Radio Metro. Aimed at
urban blacks, Radio
Metro has knocked a.cou-
ple of racist theories for
a six. In Government lan-
guage, urban blacks
means urban Africans,
which really translates
into relatively higher in-
come, better educated,
more sophisticated (in
Western terms) people.

For years Government
and apartheid apologists
have been telling us how
each population group's
language, traditions, and
culture have to be pres-
erved. So they gave us a
host of ethnic services,
such as Radio Bantu,
English and Afrikaans

radio, and now Radio
Lotus for Indian listeners
(though nobody has ex-
plained how the wide

90

usage of English on Lotus
programmes helps to
preserve one’s language
or culture as defined by
apartheid apologists).

___The apologists have |
yet to explain why there

is no separate channel
for people classified col-
-oured, though there are
one or two racist jokes
filed away about that.

Back to Radio Metro.
Listeners have been lin-
ing up to phone their.
messages through the
station. A significant pro-
portion of callers is from
Indian and coloured
group areas, as well as a
tiny proportion from
white areas.

Tell us, dear SABC and
supporters, how come
people across the colour
spectrum have warmed
to Radio Metro? What
does that do to your lan-
guage and cultural pres-
ervation theories?

The same must be
asked of advertisers and
advertising agencies.
Peopie in the media busi-
ness will confirm how
difficult it is to obtain na-
tional advertising for
publications circulating

in Indian and coloured
group areas,

Agencies claim Indian
and coloured people
should be treated as
whites in terms of adver-
tising. But that doesn’t
mean apartheid’s grea-
test apologist, the SABC,
sticks to its rules.

With the imminent ad-

vent of M-Net, the SABC
has lopped off large
chunks of TV2, and TV3
and given them to TV4.

How are the languages
and cultures of black
people going to survive
against this foreign on-
slaught, SABC? Are black
people being brain-
washed — as far as right-
wingers believe — into
changing their lifestyles
to those of JR, Sue-Ellen,
and the rest of the TV
gang?

Or are blacks being
forced to watch Bop-TV?
If they dre, then the same
problem arises. Many en-
tertainment programmes
on Bop are in fact the
same as those on SABC,
and in English to boot.
Hence the large number
of whites who tune in to
Bop.

Bop has few pro-
grammes in Tswana.
That again is a problem
for the cultural preserva-
tion theorists.

While we are waiting
for the answers we'll
never get, listeners and

viewers are awash in
soaps and music. It’s all
splendid escapist stuff,
which people need to
keep balance and sanity
in their lives.

But if we have to take


l'Agriculture et du Development Rural (BADR). Intercoop is also responsible
for training specialized personnel in Italy and for providing technical
assistance for a year following the start of operations.

In the West African region, the announcement was made in the Ivory Coast in
the spring of 1986 that the Societe Nandjelait will build a dairy in the
Yopougon industrial zone. The large French trade organization SCOA, Paris,
has a 34 percent participation in the Societe Nandjelait's capital of 60
million CFA [African Financial Community] francs (100 CFA francs = about
DMO.65). The dairy is supposed to be fully automated and will have a cost of
about 2 billion CFA francs. The local Abinader Group and Sodima Yoplait
International are the main participants in the financing.

The Banque Ouest Africaine de Developpement (BOAD), with headquarters in Lome
(Togo), recently granted the Societe des Industries Alimentaires et des
Produits Laitiers en Cote d'Ivoire (Sialim), Abidjan, a credit in the amount
of 1.8 billion CFA francs for financing facilities intended for the production
of sweetened and unsweetened condensed milk and for the production of high
temperature, ultra-uperized milk. Sialim will have an annual condensed milk
capacity of about 16,500 tons following start-up of the new facilities, in
which imported powdered milk will be processed.

In early June 1986, the executive board of the World Bank Group approved
financial participation by the International Finance Corp. (IFC) in a dairy
project in Cameroon, which is being carried out by the Societe Industrielle
Laitire du Cameroun.

In East Africa, the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal & Fisheries Resources,
Addis Ababa, held international competitive bidding in Ethiopia in the spring
of 1986 for technical consulting in a dairy industry project. In the case of
this project, financing is being done by the African Development Fund.

The Dairy Marketing Board (DMB) in Zimbabwe is currently conducting a
development program at the cost of 7 million Zimbabwe dollars (1 Zimbabwe
dollar = about DM1.40) for increasing the country's milk production to about
200 million liters annually. This program also includes construction of a new
dairy in Bulawayo and establishment of two milk storage depots in
Matabeleland.

CSO: 3420/57



The assembly adopted a resolution urging "critical consideration" of the
Kairos document drawn up mainly by black theologians, and of the Presbyterian
Church's "relationship to the struggle for liberation." This was the
nearest the church has so far come to any expression of understanding for
the stance of the African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress.
Delegates pointedly dropped earlier plans to resolve that they "cannot
endorse the call for uncritical solidarity with the liberation movements
contained in Chapter Five of the Kairos document."

But a Presbyterian report on "Church and Nation in South Africa," endorsed
by the assembly, says that although the document contains "many profound

and true things" about modern South Africa, it falls into "self-righteous-
ness" by seeing those who fight for liberation as "absolutely good" and
those who oppress as "absolutely evil." "The document thus opens the door
to that self-righteous fanaticism which regards one's enemies as God's
enemies, so that any measures against them are justified. The Bible has

in the past been twisted to support the anti-Christian ideology of apartheid.
Let us beware of twisting it now to make it something that backs political
fanaticism on the other side," the report warns.

19604
cso: 3400/83

73



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION MOVE TOWARDS NON-COOPERATION CRITICIZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Aug 86 p 18
{Editorial: "An Unfortunate Reaction"]

({Text] The reaction by opposition parties in the House of Assembly to end the
cooperation of their whips with the whip of the governing party can be to no
one's advantage, and will least of all contribute to the orderly organization
of the business of Parliament.

Whatever reasons the opposition parties might have that are not essentially
connected with them, nothing positive can be achieved by approaching things in
this way. It almost appears to be a policy of boycott, and statements that
are made outside the House of Assembly concerning debate inside it are
somewhat reminiscent of extra-parliamentary maneuvers by Slabbert, Boraine and
their kind.

This phenomenon is all the more unfortunate since it is happening at a stage
in which the country's highest authoritative body must make decisions about
trend-setting developments. One of the most important of these is the
recommendation that all three houses of Parliament hold joint debates on
certain issues.

The enbroilment in the House of Assembly could to a certain extent push this
important proposal into the background, which would detract from this new
evidence of the viability and possibilities of renewal in the new
constitutional system.

The successes that have been achieved thus far with the three-chamber
Parliament and the willingness for renewal have inspired most of the
participants with enough self-confidence and faith to convince them of the
necessity of making it work.

The advantages associated with joint debates are obvious. This would assure a
more efficient use of the time of ministers and members of Parliament. While
in the past ministers have had to deal with second-reading debates in all
three houses, they will now be able to handle this in one session. In this
way, it will be possible to continue the development of better communications

79



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

AFRICA-WIDE GERMAN ACTIVITY IN WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
18 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by W. An., Frankfurt: "Large Number of Water Projects for
Africa--Considerable Business for German Engineering Firms"]

[Text] Just as in the West African region (BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

10 Jun), now German technical consulting firms are also becoming active
successfully in all of the other areas of the continent in the field of
hydroeconomy. The projects are concerned primarily with water supply to areas
threatened with drought. Special attention should be given to the activities
of GKW Consult, Consulting Engineers for Water, Waste, and Sewerage Technology
GmbH, Mannheim, which has been able to win new contracts in Egypt, Tunesia,
Ruanda, Burundi, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe.

In Egypt, GKW Consult was made responsible for preparation of a study
regarding water supply to the city of Gizeh and in Tunesia for carrying out
operational planning for waste water removal in the Tunis metropolitan area.
In Ruanda the company assumed responsibility for preparing a water supply
feasibility study. In Burundi, it was entrusted with construction supervision
for water supply to the capital city of Bujumbura. In the eastern part of the
continent, in Somalia, GKW Consult was awarded the contract for operational
planning and construction supervision with regard to water supply activities.
It is involved in rural water supply measures in Sudan. In Kenya the firm is
charged with hydroeconomy operations management. In Tanzania the company is
involved as a consortium partner in the field of water supply, and in Zimbabwe
it is also consulting as member of a consortium involved in the development of
rural irrigation facilities.

The firm of H.P. Gauff Engineers GmbH & Co., Nuremberg/Frankfurt, was given
new consulting assignments in Kenya, Uganda, and Zambia. In Kenya it was
granted responsibility for managing an emergency program for improving water
supply to the city of Kisumu, after already having completed a feasibility
study and preliminary project design for water supply and treatment in
Kisumu. This project is being financed by the Federal Republic of Germany
with the assistance of the KfW [Credit Institute for Reconstruction] in
Frankfurt.



"Taking into account the current level of excessive unemployment in the
country, as well as the large number of dependents of each breadwinner,

it becomes clear that an increasing number of people would be subjected to
severe poverty. and starvation as a result of sanctions."

Seifsa director Sam van Coller said yesterday the estimates were based on
the assumption of total sanctions against South Africa. The survey was
conducted by Seifsa's economic division among the 4 000 employer bodies
linked to the federation.

An estimated 455 000 people work in the country's metal industries, of
whom 355 000 are in blue-collar "scheduled jobs." Between 70 percent and
75 percent of all workers are black.

A full-page Seifsa advertisement appeared in British national newspapers
on Friday, three days after a more low-key newspaper appeal by the coal
industry.

The Seifsa advertisement depicts a smiling black girl with telescopic gun-
sights centred on her heart.

Under the heading, "You can be sure, sanctions against South Africa will
find their mark," the advertisement warns that 2,5-million people in SA
and surrounding states are directly cash-dependent on workers in the
metal industries.

/9317
CSO: 3400/68

107



What the incident demonstrated, however, was that the Bureau cannot provide as
capable and reliable a service to the public as professional journalists do.
It is simply not equipped for that.

The pity is that the credibility of the Bureau of Information, as well as that
of the government, thus comes under fire--and this during a state of crisis in
which credibility is of utmost importance. We have been warning about this
from the very beginning.

It is questionable whether the newspapers that presented a casualty figure of
21 as early as Thursday morning were complying with the emergency regulations,
which impose such strong restrictions on the press.

However, such newspapers will be able to defend themselves in any court with
an argument that will definitely hold water, that they were acting in the
public interest with an eye to the truth.

Election Fever

This type of situation leads to renewed doubt about the emergency regulations
themselves--aside from the objections raised by the Bureau of Information
concerning its ability to play an effective information role. But let us take
a look at the other question.

An effective effort at information for the public appears to be just as
necessary with regard to the events in Parliament, where opposition parties in
the House of Assembly have begun a sort of game of "I-won't-talk-to-you."
This is very odd for politicians, and will be interpreted by the country's
enemies as a taint on Parliament.

The opposition is laying all the blame on the government, which supposedly
does not have enough issues on its reform program to effectively continue this
session.

How much does the apparent desire of the opposition parties to cut the session
short instead have to do with the sudden outbreak of election fever?

After all, a group of opposition members of Parliament does appear anxious to
return to their electoral districts. Even the Progressives are talking about
taking over the government.

These members of Parliament probably reason that in their unsettled state,
they have found a useful stick for hitting at the government, and they do not
care about the harm that they are doing to the prestige of Parliament.
Intimidation

There may be reservations concerning whether there has always been effective

liaison work on the part of the government in this question. But it must also
be remembered that the reform process does not work like instant coffee.

77



WORK PROGRESSING ON MISSION IN MAPUTO

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Sep 86 p 4

[Text]

MAPUTO — The new buildings for the South African
diplomatic mission in Maputo are going up on a
prime site in the centre of the capital. _

-Work on the complex is going ahead despite the
dwindling prominence’ of the Nkomati Accord, of
-which the new buildings are the most visible manifes-
tation. © <3

Most parts of the compound:— which comprises a
two-storey office building and 16 townhouses — were
prefabricated in Durban. because of the shortage of
skilled workers in Mozambique: -

Observers attach significance to the fact that the
Frelimo ‘Government gave permission for work on
the compound to go ahead despite the. serious politi-
cal difficulties that have beset the Nkomati Accord.

QUIET DIPLOMACY GOES ON

The decision underlines the strange duality of Ma-
puto’s attitude — keeping the accord going, in name
at least, while at the same time angrily and repeated-
ly accusing South Africa of deliberately violating it
by continuing to supply the MNR insurgents.

The South African Government firmly denies these
allegations and is believed to be continuing quiet dip-
lomatic efforts to promote the accord. Construction
of the compound is seen as reaffirmation of South
Africa’s commitment to the accord.

South Africa is anxious to make the most of the
accord, including the diplomatic presence it allows in
Maputo, because it is one of the few ‘such advances
Pretoria has been able to make in the largely hostile
African continent.

South African diplomats are expected to move into
the mission offices by the end of the year. |

/9317
CSO: 3400/72

103

JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MISSION CHURCH SYNOD REJECTS STATE OF EMERGENCY
MBO11642 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1311 GMT 1 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town Oct 1 SAPA--The synod of the NG Sendingkerk [Dutch Re-
formed Mission Church] today rejected the reasons for the imposition of the
state of emergency and said it would continue to press for the release of

all detainees. It also accepted that when a Christian felt bound by conscience
to follow a "line of criticism" which brought him into conflict with the

state, he always had to obey God rather than a human being. "In such a case
he or she must accept the punishment and suffering that goes with it in the
spirit of Christ and his apostles in accordance with the Belhar Confession."

These points came up during discussion of a report on detention without trial
compiled by the church's temporary. commission on current affairs. The report
said the church had, through protest, repeatedly exercised its prophetic
responsibility towards the government in the matter of detention without
trial. "The reaction of the government to this prophetic criticism shows
clearly a hardening of heart and an increasingly uncompromising attitude in
regard to detention without trial.

"The point of departure in this. matter will have to be that the church stands
here directly opposed to the government."

The government could not stand the test of the “higher law".

The commission recommended that the synod decide that a number of biblical
principles were applicable. Among them were that:

--no one could be detained unless a charge was laid against him so that he
could defend himself in a court under the normal process of law;

--no detainee could be denied the pastoral care of the church;

--every citizen should have the freedom to express his opinion in a respons—
ible manner on all matters affecting politics and the community.

All the recommendations of the temporary commission were accepted by the
synod.

88



JPRS-SSA-86~107
28 October 1986

NEW POWER STATION TO BE BUILT AT OJI RIVER, ANAMBRA

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 5 Sep 86 p 1

[Article by Ikechukwu Ani and Tony Enem]

[Text] _
HE Federal Military
Government has given

approval for the building of a
120-megawatts, modern power
station at Oji River, Anambra
State.

This project, which would
cost the government between
8200 million and 41,000 million
is said to be cheaper than the
envisaged cost of reactivation
of the Oji River power station,
commissioned in 1956 by
Queen Elizabeth the Second.

Briefing the press yesterday,
in Oji River, the director of
distribution, eastern region of
the National Electric Power
Authority, (NEPA), Mr G.A.
Ndubuaku, said that
‘immediately the new station
goes into operation, the present
Oji River Power Station will be
demolished’.

Mr Ndubuaku contended
that the cost of reactivating the
Present station would tar
exceed the amount needed for
the building of a new one,
adding that the technology of
the present station was
different and outdated.

He disclosed that the spare
parts needed for its reactiva-
tion could not be manufac-
tured and said that if people
were specially commissioned to
produce them, one by one, it
would cost much ‘‘since most
of them are now obsolete”.

/12828
cso: 3400/40

The director also argued that
the boilers now used to activate
the coal roduce fire had
become difficult to operate.

Mr Ndubuaku noted that
before all the spare parts
required for the reactivation of
the station could be assembled,
it would have been easier to
build an entirely new power
station. According to him, ‘‘it
is more economical to build a
new power station . than
reactivating the old one’’.

The station manager of the
ji River power station, Mr
Anthony Ogbolu, however,
said that the station,
established with 30-megawatts
capacity, had gone down to
only tive megawatts and could
no longer serve its increasing
consumers.

Mr Ogbolu exptained that
power demand had exploded,
thereby creating more respon-
sibility for the National
Electric Power Authority, He
confirmed that the new station
would be sited at Oji River and
would still use coal.

The station manager who
conducted newsmen round
the power station, also said
that regular supply of coal
required for the energising of
power has been difficult.

At) Onitsha Transmission
Station, the chief engineer, Mr
O.N. Wachukwu, disclosed
that only three power stations
in Nigeria were hydro-

56

operated. Those stations, he

said, were line Kainji Dam,
Niger State; Shiroro power
station in Kaduna and Jebba
station in Kwara State.

Mr Wachukwu emphasised
that the hydro stations use
water as a means of obtaining
energy, adding that they do not
Fequire fuel or raw material to
feed the plant.

The thermal stations which
he said were operted with coal
are located in Oji River,
Anambra State ; Ughelli and
Sapele, Bendel State; Atam,
Rivers and two stations in
Lagos.

Che chief engineer told the
pressmen who were on a
facility visit to NEPA
installations in the state, that
the Onitsha transmission
station acts as a gate-way to
power from Bendel, Benue,
Imo, Cross River, Gongola and
Anambra states,

The NEPA week continues
today with “a consumers’
day” at Onitsha: The Enugu
day comes up tomorrow.

NIGERIA


BOND ISSUES BY STATES DELAYED PENDING LEGISLATION

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 8 Sep 86 p 16

[Text] :

STATE governments

wanting to raise
money in the bonds
market to finance some :
of their projects will”
have to wait at least for
the interim.

“BUSINESS TIMES ga-
thered from reliable source
from the capital market
district that the federal
government has written all
state governors to that
effect,

The action it was learnt,
was taken’ to enable the
Federal Government
fashion out an enabling law
that would regulate state
governments’ direct
financing in the market as
none presently exists.

Before the said federal
government's instruction,
in the absence of an
enabling law but in line
with the government's
acceptance of the
recommendations of the
Okigbo committee, state
governments wanting to
raise money in the market
had had to obtain a letter of

consent from the ministry -

of finance as a back-up for
their issues in order that
the concerned securities be
given Trustee Status under
‘Trustee Investment Act
1986.

/12828
CsO: 3400/40

Ogun and Lagos State
Governments’ loan stocks
which have L2en granted
quotation on the Stock
Exchange recently before
sthe federal government's
temporary road _ block
might have obtained such
letters of consent from the
finance ministry.

Ogun State is raising a
N15 million 12 per cent loan
stock due to mature in 1996
for its water scheme while
Lagos State is to raise N30
million 12% per cent loan.
stock with 1995 as the
gestation period. for the
development of Lekki
Penninsula (Phase 1),
adding that the federal
government took the
decision “to streamline
things”, said our source.

According to a top
merchant banker who also
commented on the issue,
the federal government's
decision was said to be an
after thought considering
that the president in his
silver jubilee independence
anniversary speech called
on state governments to
avail themselves of the
disciplines of the capital
market to raise funds. And
just in line and right on
time, Lagos and Ogun State
governments responded,

52

It was understood that
many other states have
made inquiries and indicat-
ed interest and “that might
have made the
government a little bit
weary”, said our source
adding “stringent condi-
tions may be introduced”.

However, as contained in
SEC Quarterly (volume 3
No. 1) of March this year,
any state government
wanting to raise funds in
the bonds market has to
appoint an issuing house
which should forward the
application with the
following information
among other things:

A profile of the state
stating its estimated
population, major economic
products of the state, major
industries. Existing debts
of the state, sources of
revenue for the past three
years.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY SAYS MALAWI ONLY RSA'S 'SIMPLE AGENT'
MB252027 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 25 Sep 86
[Station commentary]

[Text] The 25th of September is a day that has left an indelible mark

in the history of Mozambique. The day marks the beginning of the armed
struggle against Portuguese colonialism. That struggle was for national
liberation, democracy, peace, justice, and equality. However, today, as
thousands of Mozambicans celebrate this day, peace is still far from

being achieved in Mozambique. Even so, as President Samora Machel said

in Tete province recently, the Mozambican people are determined to continue
searching for peace.

It is in this context that the President's recent visit to Tete should

be viewed. Mozambique's enemies have found Malawi fertile ground to use
in the destabilization of the Mozambican people's state. President Samora
could not blame ordinary Malawians for this situation [words indistinct]

a group of Malawian ministers [word indistinct] police and security
officials who have sold their souls to the South Africans and other foreign
militarists. The president said that although South Africa's [word
indistinct] forces were operating from Malawi, the Malawian people do not
want to go to war with Mozambique. He said the use of Malawi was an
attempt to divert the direction of Mozambique's fire power.

What President Samora meant was that the Mozambican armed forces, who are
being honored today, will not be fooled into forgetting who the real enemy
is. Just as in the past, when the Mozambican people fought against and
defeated Portuguese colonialism, the enemy today may also be correctly
identified. Malawi is only a simple agent ruled by South Africa and its
imperialist allies who are the real enemies of the Mozambican's people's
state.

/9604
cso: 3400/75

14


COMMISSION OF INQUIRY ON STUDENT CRISES ESTABLISHED
Enugu WEEKLY STAR in English 24 Aug 86 p 16

[Article by John Nwosu]

[Text] THe Head of State, Major

General Ibrahim Baban-
gida, has constituted a
commigsion of inquiry into the
events leading to the students
crises in various institutions of
higher learning in May, this
year.

An instrument constituting
the commission just gazetted
explained that the commission
shail investigate and determine
the factors surrounding the
recent crises in the institutions,
having regard to the immediate
precipitating factors of the
crises, and the role of student
unionism and leadership in
creating the disturbances.

The commission shall also
determine the extent of loss of
life, injury to persons and loss
of property, and investigate the
effect and influence, if any, ot
the institutions’ staff and other
individuals and organisations
in promoting the crises.

The commission shall also.
investigate and determine the
role of the _ institutions’
authorities, including the law
enforcement agencies, during
the control of the disturbances,
and in the light of its findings,
aportion blame, if any, and
make any other recommenda-
tions considered desirable by
the commission in order to

3400/39

prevent any such disruption of
higher educational system in
future as a result of events in
any institution.

The commission shall submit
its report to the president not
later than eight weeks from the
date of its first sitting. .

President Babangida
appointed Justice Muhammed
Mustapha Adebayo Akanbi as
chairman of the commission,
with Mallam Musa Shafii as its
secretary.

Other members of the
commission are Mr Orji
Nwafor Orizu, Mrs V. O.
Adebekun, Mr O. A. Ufot, and
Alhaji Abubakar Girei.

The head of state directed
that any four members of the
commission, of whom one shall
be the chairman, _ shall
constitute a quorum, and that
the commission shall hold its

first meeting immediately after
the date of the instrument.

He further directed the
commission to visit any
institution of higher learning it
“considers necessary, especially,
the University of Ibadan, Ife,
Lagos, Nsukka, Benin, and the
University of Jos, as well as the
Kaduna Polytéchnic and Yaba
College of Technology.

43

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA.


SURVEY PROVIDES LIVING STANDARD DATA

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 13 Sep 86 p 5

[Article by Carol Obasuyi]

{Text]

HE 1983/84 round of
the National Inte
grated Survey of House-
holds (NISH) had shown
that 38 per cent of rural
adults engage in agricul-

ture.

Under the General
Household Survey the
average size of household
was 5.30 persons in the
rural and 4.67 in the
urban areas. The break-
down by sex and sector
gives thus: male 2.61
(Rural), 2.36 (Urban),
Female 2.69 (Rural) 2.31
(Urban). Sex ratio was
close to 100:100 (i.e. equal
number of males and fe-
males in both the Urban,
and Rural areas.
Although, there appeared
ito be slightly more
females than males in the
rural while the opposite
was the case in the urban.

The ratio of households
headed by males to those
cheaded by females was
found to be approximately
6:1 in rural and 4:1 in the
Urban. Children of heads

of the households consti- _

tuted the largest group in
the household accounting
for about 53 per cent in
both the urban and the
rural areas. Other rela-
tions accounted for 90 per
cent and 80 per cent in the
rural and the urban

respectively.

In the rural areas,
persons aged between .15
and 29 years; 53 per cent
of the males were literate
while only 33 per cent of
the females were literate.

In the urban area, about
57 per cent of the adults

--were working, 21 per cent

were keeping house, 19
per cent were schooling; 2
per cent seeking job and
one per cent unable to
work. The corresponding
figures for the rural house-

holds were 55 per cent’

working, 29 cent
keeping house, 13 per cent
schooling, 0.8 per cent
seeking job and 2 per cent
unable to work.

However, the break-
down of the occupational
groups, little difference
occurred between the
rural and the urban; but
the most pronounced of
the differences was in
agriculture, where about
38 per cent of the rural
adults were engage in
agriculture, the correspon-
ding figure for the urban
was only 8 per cent.

Furthermore, 37 per
cent of rural adults and 49
per cent of urban adults
were engaged in clerical
and other related jobs.

‘The average household
income and expenditure
was found to be higher in
the urban areas than in
the rural area.

‘The survey reveals that
the average household
earned 596.79 per
monthly in the rural areas
in increase over the
previous years survey
(1982/83) which was
79.00 per month. The
urban households earned

4228.00, while for the pre-
vious year 1982/83 it was
N191.31.

Furthermore, 70 per
cent of the rural sample
households lived in single
room apartment while 29
per cent lived in the whole
buildings. Only one’ per
cent lived in flats and
duplexes.

On the other hand, 85
per cent of the urban
households lived in single
rooms, 8 per cent lived in
whole buildings while 7
per cent occupied flats
and duplexes.

Regarding dwelling,
about 85 per cent of the
rural dwelling unit were
owner-occupied. Normal
rent paying households
was 5 per cent while those
enjoying free rent were 7
per cent and those paying
nominal rent were only 2
percent,
Correspondingly, 34 per
cent of the urban dwelling
units were owner occupied
and 31 per cent paid
normal rent. While 26 per
cent and 3 per cent occupy
free accommodation and
pay normal rent respec-

47

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

tively.

Another noticeable fea-
ture of the household
survey is the differential
in the household facilities,
21 per cent of rural house-
holds had no kitchen and
39 per cent had no bath-
room. 53 per cent and 40
percent had exclusive use
of kitchen and bathroom
respectively. The per-
centage of urban house-
hold having no kitchen
was 9 per cent but larger
number of households
{about 67 per cent) shared
theirs, while 24 per cent

had exclusive use of
theirs.. ~

‘The survey showed that
in 1983/84, 54 per cent of
all rural house holds had
no toilet, over 43 per cent
had pit toilet while 2 per
cent used pail toilet. The
water closet system was
less that one per cent
while in the urban areas,
17 per cent had no toilet,
36 per cent had pit toilet,
18 per cent had pail toilet
while 14 per cent’ had
water closet.

According to the report,

_~wood was the commonest
fuel used in the rural
areas. In every state, over
60 per cent of- the house-
hold was using it. The
average for all rural areas
in Nigeria was 80 per cent
kerosine was relatively
less used in the rural.

Jn the urban however,
kerosine was the most
popular fuel as 52 per cent
of the households in all


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEED FOR MORE ACCURACY IN BUREAU OF INFORMATION NOTED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Dawie under the "From My Political Pen" rubric: "Efforts at
Information Show Failings: There Must Be Rapid Improvements"]

[Text] The political events of recent weeks have emphasized the need for the
government to improve its efforts at information to a considerable extent.

This is necessary because, as has been pointed out in this column on many
occasions, the propaganda battle is such a key aspect of the revolutionary
attack that the government must fend off.

Soweto

Two events are particularly to the point: the new incidents of unrest in
Soweto and the maneuvers whereby the opposition is threatening to make a farce
out of Parliament.

In the case of Soweto, the Bureau of Information is directly involved, because
since the proclamation of the state of emergency, it has been the authority
that distributes all news on the incidents of unrest to the press.

Wednesday evening in its daily bulletin, the Bureau announced that 13 people
had died in incidents of unrest in Soweto. That evening and the next morning,
this was reported as an "official" figure of 13 deaths. But some morning
papers reported on Thursday that 21 people were dead.

Thursday evening, Deputy Minister Mr Louis Nel officially confirmed on behalf

of the government that "very probably" 21 people died in the most recent
unrest in Soweto.

Pity
Newspapers that had accepted the casualty figure of 13 on Thursday were left

looking foolish. It is little consolation that the Bureau also looked
foolish.

76



hard currency. In order to encourage sales in Guinea, grower prices paid to
the farmers are now to be raised significantly.

As far as industry and mining in particular are concerned, which account for
90 percent of export sales, the mining of bauxite is to be increased and the
gold and diamond operations of the state-owned Aredor company are to be
expanded. Private gold and diamond prospectors may no longer operate in the
mining areas which have been declared "strategic development sectors."
Furthermore, the joint iron-ore project with Liberia, "Mifergui-Nimba," is to
be accelerated. The goal of this project is an annual extraction of 10 million
tons. Union Texas, an oil company controlled by Mobil, has begun off-coast
oil exploration in Guinea. In the meantime, a French company is modernizing a
factory for fruit and vegetable canning in Mamou to the north of Conakry,
while the World Bank is financing several plants for the processing of
aromatic plants and the manufacture of quinine. American investors are
modernizing a bottling plant. ‘The abundance of fish off of the coastline of
the country has also enticed foreign investors. For example, the American
firm Universal Marine Shark Products has signed an agreement for the catching
and processing of seafood products. Moreover, within the framework of the
government's liberalization measures, a Lebanese company has received a
contract to construct subsidized housing and a governmental administration
building, while an Italian company is building a hospital and a Moroccan
company an hotel. At the present time, two further projects are beginning
carried out for the modernization of the Conakry-Mamou and Gueckedou-Seredou
highways, both of which involve foreign participation.

12792
CSO: 3420/56



NATIONAL BANK INCREASED AGRICULTURE LOANS IN PAST YEAR

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 8 Sep 86 p 3

[Text]

ATIONAL Bank of
N Nigeria expended
499.3 million by way of
iendirg to the agricul-
tural sector int the 1985/86

financial This
vagainst wel! ‘8 million lent
out the previous year.

‘This was made known
on Monday by the
Chairman of the Bank,
Professor Ayo Ogun-
sheye, while addressing
shareholders at the 53rd
Annual General Meeting
held at Eko Holiday Inn,
Victoria Island, Lagos.

He aaid that the
amount was 16.20 per
“cent of the bank’s total
joans and advances for the-

‘ing year in corapari-
son to 10.72 per cent the

Professor | Ogunsheye
said that out of this total
Iending to agriculture, the
food crop sub-sector
accounted for. 61:7 per
cent while 12.5 per cent

went to cash crop and the.

balance of 25.8 per cent
went to other sub-sectors

/12828
CSO: 3400/40

such as livestock, forestry
fishing and others.
Reiterating National
Bank's determination to
continue to give priori
tu the agricultural pd
Péotessor Ogunsheye
called for a policy of
integrated rural develop-
ment which would involve
rural road construction,
massive storage faclltien
Preservation processes
and continued
involvement of both the

public and private sectors °

inrural development.
These, he pointed out,

were necessary for a .

successful agragrian
revolution. the
peaking on

of the bank Ft antes
reporting year, the chair-
man said 14 new branches
were opened in different
parts of the country under
the second phase of the
Rural Banking Pro-

51

"Under the third phase
of the programme, he
said, the.twelve branches
allocated to National
Benk would be opened
within the stipulated
time.

He said that despite the
adverse trends in the
national economy and the
general investment
climate during the year,
the bank had made efforts
to mitigate the impacts on
its overall performance.

Professor Ogunsheye
expressed the confidence
that the bank would
achieve higher profitabi-
lity through continued
efforts to harness and
effectively utilize
available resources,
coupled with the injection
of new ideas into its
banking services for

higher productivity.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



ZAIRE

Funds To Aid Exports

Kano Water Sale Cancelled

Bishops Criticize Birth Control Measures
Bauchi Projects Delay

Oil Reserves Evaluation Center
Yola Flour Mill Project

Passport Validity Extension

Quota System in Military

Naval Officer Retirements

Trade With USSR

Bulgarian Loan for Electrification
Problems of Spareparts Production
Peugeot Production Increase Plans
Auto Production Inadequacy

Army Preparedness Said 'Improved'

Briefs
Cooperation Agreement With Belgium

ZIMBABWE

Minister Criticizes Reagan Veto of Sanctions Bill
(Harare Domestic Service, 30 Sep 86) ........eeeee senses

HERALD Attacks Reagan 'Diplomatic Snub’
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 23 Sep 86) ....... see c ce eeeee eee

Church Conference on Antiapartheid Measures
(SAPA, 24 Sep 86) ...cceceeccccccvccccceccccccvvevceeees

Briefs
Security Checks on Returning Residents
Government Assistance for Farmers
EEC Funds for Beira Corridor
Mugabe Hails Botswana Relations
Construction of Gold Refinery Announced

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Need for More Accuracy in Bureau of Information Noted
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 30 Aug 86) ...ccececccecseccrscceece

Opposition Move Towards Non-Cooperation Criticized
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 29 Aug 86) ......cceeeeeecceveee

68

69

70

72

74
74
74
75
75

76

79



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH BELGIUM--Zaire and Belgium have eliminated their
misunderstanding by preparing a judicial cooperation agreement, according to
Jean Gol, Belgian vice prime minister, minister of justice and constitutional
reform. The Belgian vice prime minister, who was just received by (Citizen
Kimi Kassingba), first vice president of the permanent bureau of the MPR
Central Committee, specified that the problem of the status of Belgian lawyers
practising in Zaire and that of Zairian lawyers practising in Belgium has been
solved. Concerning the present state of the Zairian economy, the Belgian vice
prime minister stated that the political and economic stability of Zaire is in
the interest of the Western countries. To this end, all Zaire's external
partners, Mr Gol stated, must make it a point to help this country so that it
can maintain its economic stability. The Belgian vice prime minister leaves
Kinshasa today at the end of his l-week official visit to Zaire. [Text]
[Kinshasa Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 5 Oct 86] /9599

cso: 3400/150

68



JPRS-SSA-86~107
28 October 1986

Daily Times Comment

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 17 Sep 86 p 8

[Text ]

W HATEVER may be at the centre of it all,

the crisis now rocking the NLC is ill-timed.
The reason for this assertion is obvious. At a
time all efforts are being made to effect
reconciliation of the different factions of the
continental labour union OATUU, any
bickering at the home labour front, does not
give Nigeria any cause for cheer.

Nigeria's ieadership of Africa, even if it be ascri-
bed, imposes on her great responsibilities not
only in the political aspirations of the
continent but also in eccnomic and social
fields. In this light, therefore, our country is
expected to piay a crucial role in the resolu-
tion of the OATUU crisis. This role cannot be
meaningtully played if the NLC gives out
itself as a disorganised body.

The schism becomes the more unreasonable
when it is realised that our country has
already put up a candidate for the OATUU
presidency. The present bickering at w! ich
darts are thrown at him will only help to give
the impression that he lacks a solid home
base for the enviable OATUU high office. We
therefore expect that this is the time the
spirit of patriotism should come into full play.
It is the. time to mobilise all the forces avai-
lable to us and throw our collective weight
behind our own candidate.

That the NLC schism is capable‘of thwarting our
achievement of a major continental goal

is not the only reason why such a develop-:

ment is lamentable. The crisis has a potential
for breaking the NLC itself. Such a prospect
does not present any comfortable story for
obvious reasons. The warring factions cannot
easily forget that the Nigerian labour move-

ment has come a long way. The creation of
one central labour organisation in 1978 was
to lay to rest the ideological differences that
had polarised labour unionism in this country.

Prior to the creation of the NLC some eight
years ago, the flanks of Nigerian labour
unionism were torn apart at will by pernicious
influences of the West-East ideological rivalry

That this country’s labour movement was able
to disengage from ths puppetry role for exter-
nal manipulators was an enviable achieve-
ment. It will, therefore, be a serious indict-
ment of the NLC leaders if they allow their
rabid tussle for power to nullify the spirit of
the creation of the NLC.

Beyond this, the NLC leaders should not lose
sight of the fact that their primary responsibi-
tity is to fight for the improvement of the
welfare of wovkers, to use the weapon of
Jabour unionism to bring about increased
productivity, and to ensure that the wheel of
industry is in constant motion.

23



JPRS~SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

paints and glasses supplied are not produced in Nigeria. "All they do for
things as glass is to import and cut and bend into shapes all in the name of
local content. Both the battery and the casings are imported". He said

the main reason for this is because fabrication of components and spare

parts depends on petro-chemical and steel industries. Mr. Wagner noted that
even though the country export crude oil, some quantity of gasoline are

still being imported while flat steel and metal bares are still to be produced
locally [Excerpt][Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Sep 86 p 3]/12828

PEUGEOT PRODUCTION INCREASE PLANS--Peugeot Automobile Nigeria Limited (PAN)
plans to invest about 8128 million in projects designed to increase its

local content input and production level. The United Bank for Africa monthly
Economic Digest for August which revealed the news was quoting the company's
bi-monthly journal "PANNEWS'. According to the digest, the company is to
spend about 868 million in establishing a stamping plant that would enable
the level of production to rise from the present 264 to 300 per day. The
remaining 860 million is to be invested in setting up a press shop and 15
other projects all in an effort to raise the percentage of locally supplied
components of its vehicle to 65 per cent by 1990. According to PANNEWS which
was quoting the company's managing director, Daniel Lange, the value of
PAN's fixed assets has soared from ¥10 million to N98 million between 1975
and 1986. Within the same period,d the company's turn-over has increased
from 488 million to 8457 million. Mr. Lange, according to PANNEWS, blamed
the high price of cars produced by the company on taxes and duties

imposed on completely knocked down parts (CKD) by the Federal Government.
[Excerpt][Lagos DAILY TIMES in Englsih 6 Sep 86 p 7]/12828

AUTO PRODUCTION INADEQUACY--The federal government will not allow the flooding
of Nigerian market with imported cars, even though the few assembly plants
are unable to cope with the demand for cars. The minister for industries,
Alhaji Bunu Sheriff Musa, who declared this stand in an interview at the
State House on Thursday, noted that it would not be realistic to allow car
importers to flood the market simply because car prices were rising or
because cars had become scarce. He had been asked to state what steps

the federal government was taking to arrest the galloping price of cars in
the market. Alhaji Musa was attending the Council of Ministers meeting

at Dodan Barracks, presided over by the Chief-of-General Staff,

Commodore Ebitu Ukiwe, as the president who normally presided over such
meetings, was away on leave. The minister who noted that the rising

prices of cars were a factor resulting from low production, said that
government was doing everything possible to see that the assembly plants
increased their production level. He was emphatic that, with the assembly
plants, Nigerians would acquire the necessary know-how to go into car
production in the future. Alhaji Musa was optimistic that this would happen,
when the flat sheet plant begins production at Ajaokuta, because Nigerians
would have acquired the necessary capability through the assembly plants.
[Excerpt] [Enugu DAILY STAR in English 13 Sep 86 p 1]/12828

66



KADUNA, WARRI PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS DELAYED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 20 Sep 86 p 12

{Article by Andrew Isibor]

[Text]

PLAN by the Nigerian Na-
tional Petroleum Corpora-
tion, (NNPC), to put the
‘petro-chemical plants at
Kaduna and Warri into pro-
duction next year has run in-
9 a hitch.

The NNPC said it had been
unable’ to bring in necessary
materials on schedule with im-
port licences not valid for
foreign exchange nor beer
able to revalidate expired im-
port licences by which letters
of credit. were established and

materials ordered.

It said because of these pro-
blems, three ships loaded with

materials for the plants have
been held up at the wharf attrac-

ting demurrage.

According to an NNPC bulletin
when the petrol chemical plants
at Kaduna and Warri go into oro-
duction it would mark Nigeria’s
entry into the club of petro-
chemical producers and repre-
sent an important mile-stone in
the nation’s industrial develop-
ment. :

‘The petro-chemical complex at:
Ekpan, | Warri comprised. two)
plants. ‘The carbon black plarft
designed to produce five grades
f carbon black of 18,000 metric

tonnes annually and. the’

slypropylene plant to produce in
The Hirst ‘instance nine grades of
polypropylene with a total
capacity of 35,000 metric tonnes a

year.

The Kaduna plant would pro-
duce 30,000 tonnes of a major in-
Be tent the manufacture of

a year.

: Tt would also produce 2,700 ton-
nes a year of heavy alkylate,
38,000 metric tonnes the
deparafinated kero solvent and
15,000 metric tonnes of benzene
which are used for, among other
things, transformer oil, insec-
ficides and solvents.

The NNPC said the two plants
could not meet national demands
but stressed the need to comple-
ment the plants’ production for
sometime to come with importa-
ion.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

/12828
cso: 3400/40

59



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

electoral brigades are at work. Some districts can.only be reached by air,
and inside the districts it may be necessary to travel long distances on
foot. Without radio communications,. the brigades will find it virtually
impossible to report back to the provincial capital Quelimane. Of those
Zambezia assemblies whose composition is already known (words indistinct]
the deputies are 80 per cent peasant in origin, and have an average age of
35. [Text] [Dakar PANA in English 1330 GMT 29 Sep 86 MB] /6662

MINISTER CONCLUDES SEYCHELLES VISIT—Mozambique Minister of Security Sergio
Vieira said in Seychelles yesterday that South African destabilization through
the armed bandits has cost Mozambique more than $4 billion dollars (U.S.] and
more than 100,000 dead since independence. Sergio Vieira, speaking shortly
before the end of his 2-day visit to the Seychelles, said that South African
troops have been building clandestine airstrips in Mozambican territory as
well as rendering all types of support to the armed bandits. Minister of
Security Sergio Vieira also stated that the armed. bandits—under Pretoria's
orders--have been destroying railroads, roads, hospitals, and. other infra-
structures resulting in losses estimated at $4 billion. dollars, or double
Mozambique's total foreign debt. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portu-
guese 1700 GMT 27 Sep 86 MB]  /6662

CSO: 3400/75

16



writing to the President,
Commander-in-Chief of the
Armed Forces. .
(3) ‘The President, Com-*
mander-in-Chief of the Arm-
ed Forces may, Bfter giving
consideration to the circum-
| Sebinus “of the east, Fevoket
the decision of the Minister.
(4) The decision of the Pre-
sident, Commander-in-Chief
‘of the Armed Forces shall
be final and no suit or pro-
ceeding shall be entertained
in any court of law.
7. The Market shall be
structured

between

appointed , under this
Decree on the one hand and
the Central Bank on the

other hand.
.:, 8—(1) The Central Bank’
shall supervise and manitor

this Decree.
~-9.—-(1) Dealings in the
Market shall.be by way of

tions as defined in
subsection (2) of this
section.

(2) For the purpose of

subsecion (1) of this
section—
(a) “spot transaction”

means the purchase or sale
of foreign exchange for
immediate delivery or with-
in a period of 3 working
days from the date of the
transaction;

(b) “forward iransaction”’
means the purchase or sale
of foreign exclage at a fixed

exchange rate for delivery
at a fixed date not earlier
than 4 working days from
the date of the forward
contract.

(3) The rate at which each
transaction is to be
executed shall be the rate
mutually agreed between
the applicant purchaser and
the Authorised Dealer

concerned.

10.—(1) Subject to
subsection (2) of this
section, any public or
private sector transaction
adequately supported by
appropriate documents :
shall for the purposes of
this Decree be an eligible
transaction for the purchase
of foreign exchange in the
Market.

(2) For the avoidance of
doubt no application for the
purchase of. foreign
exchange in the Market
shall be processed or in any
way attended to unless such
application’is accompanied
by satisfactory documen-
tary evidence of a valid due
or outstanding obligation in
respect of a commercial or
service transaction or of a
capital transaction of the
nature referred to in section
14 (4) or 15.of this Decree.

* 43) THe Ghidelines issued
from time to time under
subsecion (2) of section"! of

make provision concerning
the specifications of. the
documents that may be
tendered in support of an
application under this

11.—(1) Nothing in this
Decree shalt be construed-

_ (a) as permitting any
unrestrained or general
‘dealing in foreign currency.
‘on terms not consistent wit
the provisions of this

(b) to imply that:
transactions ‘relating. to
goods, services or items
absolutely prohibited by
any Decree or law may be
conducted in the Market.

(2) Any convertible

_ currency or money market
instrument stipulated in
subsection (2) of section 2 of

requirement.

“~13, Nothing in this
Decree shall affect the
operation of any law
restricting the importation
‘or exportation of the Naira.

14.—(1) Subject to the
provisions of the Nigerian
Enterprises Promotion Act
1977, any person may
invest in an appropriate
enterprise any foreign
currency im into
Nigeria and converted into
naira in the Market in-
accordance with the
provisions of this Decree.

(2) The Central Bank
shall, within 14 days of the
submission of the relevant
document in support of
importation of capital by an
Authorised Dealer, issue a
Certificate of Importation
in such form as the Minister
may prescribe.

(3) Where any fund is
imported into Nigeria and
invested in any enterprise
pursuant to the provisions
of subsection (1) of this
section, such fund as well as
any profits or dividends
derived therefrom may be
repatriated at the option of
the importer through the
Market as provided in’
subsection (4) of this
. section.

(4) An application for the
repatriation of profits
dividends and capital
affected by subsection (1) of
this section shall be
submitted to the Minister
who may approve that
such fund be repatriated
through the Market.

(5) The Minister may
approve an application
under subsection (4) of this
section if he is satisfied
that—

{ai the application relates
to’a “onafide Current trans:
netion:

33

(b) where the application
relates to a transfer of
capital abroad that it is not
such as to destabilize or
prejudice the’ orderly
operation of the Market.

(6) The Minister may
delegate his functions
under subsections (4) and
(5) of this section to any
employee of his Ministry
and of such ranks as he may
Sevignate from. time to

* 15—(i) All transactions to
which the provisions of
subsection -° (2) of
this ‘section: “relate are
hereby declared to be Offi-
cial First-Tier foreign ex-
change transactions and
shall be settled at the rate of
exchange prevailing at the
date when— .

. (a) all documentation
prescribed by the Central
Bank to be relevant to the
transaction were
submitted to the Ceritral
Bank:

(b) the obligation to which
the documentation . relates
has having regard to the’
nature of such transaction,
become due -and payable;

{c}). the corresponding
naira component: of the
transaction has been‘
deposited with the Central
whichever last occurs; so
however that no such
transaction shall be
regarded’ as due and
payable unless the
provisions of paragraphs (a)
to (c) of this subsection”
have all been complied with.

(2) The Official First-
Tier Market transactions
referred to in sub-section (1)
of this section are as follows

(a) any transaction
covered by a specific import
licence issued in 1985 or

1986 for which a confirmed

‘and irrevocable letter of
credit was established on or
before the last day imme-
diately preceding the
confmencement of this
Decree; ‘

{b) capital transfers,
profits, dividends and other
invisible payment for which
approval has been granted
by the Federal Ministry of



UNDP GRANTS TO TRAIN WOMEN, TECHNICAL TEACHERS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 17 Sep 86 p ll

[Text]

THE United Nations
Development  Pro-
gramme (UNDP) has ap-
proved two grants totall-
ing 1.7. million US

dollars (about N2.1
million) for the develop-
ment of the skills of rural
women in. Nigeria and a
Teachers’ Training pro-
ject in Gongola State.

According to a state-
ment in Lagos, 888,118
US dollars (about N1.1
million) is for setting up
of a skill development

unit’ for rural women
within the home
economics division of
the Federal Ministry of
Agriculture, Water
Resources and Rural
Development.

The UNDP explained
that the project, which
was requested for by the
Federal Government,
was conceived and
designed in keeping with
the UN’s policy of
boosting the participa-
tion of women in the

development of their
countries.

/12828

CSO: 3400/40

The proposed unit, the
statement said, would
plan, co-ordinate and.
carry out’ activities in-
itially in three
geographical zones,
Enugu, Ibadan and Jos.

The unit would train
rural women in various
works to increase their
production of processed,
farm, semi-agricultural
and crafts products using
appropriate technology
and local resources, it
added.

It explained that the.

project activities would
focus on identifying
specific women groups
and their needs, installa-
tion of appropriate
equipment in 10 selected
village women’s groups
for food processing,
preservation and storage
as well as train women in
basic business manage-
ment skills, including the
formation and operation
of co-operatives.

The activities would
also focus on dissemina-
tion of information on
credit schemes and other

53

available funding
sources and integrating
women in development
policy’ formation and
decision making at both
state and Federal levels,
the statement said.

The UNDP said that
the Gongola project,
which would cost
853,600- US dollars
(about 41.06 million) is
to develop. the capacity
for the pre-service and
in-service training of
teachers of introductory
technology in the state.

The project, which
would. be executed by the
UNESCO, is designed to
meet the need for suffi-
cient number of
qualified technical
teachers in the junior
secondary schools.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA


JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

LABOR CONGRESS CALLS FOR SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 11

[Text] Nigeria Labour Congress document calling for socialist government
in Nigeria, as part of the on-going political debate, will be launched
in Enugu today.

The document was earlier released at a public ceremony at National Arts
Theatre, Lagos and now being launched in state capitals.

It was titled: "TOWARDS A VIABLE AND GENUINELY DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL FUTURE".

In launching the document at Lagos, the NLC president, Alhaji Ali Chiroma
said the congress recommended it to the Political Bureau and the people
of Nigeria as its contribution to the on-going national debate on the
political future of Nigeria.

The president stated:

The numerous problems facing Nigerian workers, rural and urban poor, today,
have their origin in politics. Therefore problems of unemployment, insecurity
of employment, retrenchment, factory closures, high cost of living,

inability to control rent, exorbitant medical care, taxation, excessive

school fees and all forms of deprivations are products of political

decisions.

Thus, it becomes clear that problems of Nigerian workers have become multi-
dimensional and as such cannot be resolved within the framework of industrial
relations practice. This is perhaps why the on-going debate on the political
future of Nigeria is of immense importance to Nigerian workers and their
trade unions.

Our contribution to the debate for very obvious reasons conforms to the
perceptions and traditions of the working class movement all over the world.
We have followed with keen interest the trend of the debate so far and noted
the following positions:

That the problem of Nigeria is not with the system, but its operators.

This argument appears illogical and seems not to be justified by the
political happenings since our independence. Going by that argument, it

19



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

more than doubled in real terms between 1962 and last year, when it amounted
to R9 756. Men's earnings averaged R6 512 and women's R4 292. The average
salary of professionals was roughly three times higher than the R3 879
earned by unskilled workers last year. "One part of the population is
becoming richer while another is getting poorer." The percentage of house-
holds in the lower-income groups rose from a low of 14% in 1975 to 23% in
1985. The percentage of households in the higher-income groups--R12 000
plus--rose from 15% in 1975 to 25% last year. Soweto households, the survey
found, spent about a third of their budget on food. Next to food, 15% was
spent on housing and electricity. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 15 Sep 86 p 3] /9317

NON-WHITE BUS STOPS IN JOHANNESBURG CBD--More than 50 000 black, coloured
and Indian bus commuters are on the brink of being allowed bus stops in

the Johannesburg city centre. Until now they have been forced to walk

up to 3 km to work from terminuses on the outskirts of the central business
district. This will be the first time in the city's history that boarding
rights previously reserved for whites will be extended to other races who
are permitted to travel through, but not stop, in the city centre. In
addition to the creation of about 25 new stops, additional black routes

are to be introduced through the CBD, said the president of the Johannesburg
Chamber of Commerce, Mr Pat Corbin, whose efforts were largely responsible for
the improvements. He considered the removal of racial implications from
transport a logical move after the declaration of the CBD as a free trading
area and personally approached all affected property owners and business

for support. "Their reactions were positive. Most of them said the move
was long overdue and only one refused to have a black bus stop sited near
his business." The city's traffic and security and metropolitan planning
departments had backed the plan all the way, he said. "Now the ball is in
the management committee's court as we await the final go-ahead." Routes
for Indians and coloured people have been finalised and Mr Corbin was
confident that black routes would be operational within four weeks. A

new black route is to be introduced via Doornfontein, End, Marshall and
Anderson streets. This would be the first of many additions or alterations
to the existing bus routes in the CBD, Mr Corbin said. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 22 Sep 86 p 11] /9317

FIRST BLACK TRAIN DRIVERS FOR SATS-—Durban, South African Transport Services
have employed the first black pupil train drivers. The five--Mr Vusumuzi
Myeza, 26, Mr Ntobeko Sivetshe, 38, Mr Poobalem Govender, 32, and Mr Benjamin
Govender, 18--will begin training on October 6 at Wentworth. Training College.
They were previously employed by Sats in various grades. Sats's manager

of public relations Mr Alan Lubbe said the men had been selected from about
230 applications. He said Sats had begun a selection procedure early this
year to acquire blacks for training as driver assistants or pupil drivers.
The men will train for nine months. On completion, the men will undergo a
test and those who pass will work with qualified train drivers for four years
as assistants. They could then be nominated according to seniority for fur-
ther training at the Esselen Park college in the Transvaal. If they pass the
Transvaal course then they can become fully qualified train drivers. [Text]
[Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 6 Sep 86 p 2] /9317

86



NAVY VIEWS UPDATING OF FLAGSHIP WITH MODERN WEAPONS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 17 Sep 86 p 3

[Text]

/12828

(THE flag officer com:

manding the Western
Naval Command, Commo-
dore Murtala Nyako, yes-
terday in Lagos said that
the navy was seriously con-
sidering updating the
weapons and weapons
systems gn board the for-
mer Nigerian. Navy flag
+ ship, NNS Obuma.

Commodore Nyako said
Obuma (former NNS Nige-
ria), 21 years old on Mon-
day, now requires weapons
refit because the existing
guns were out-dated.

He said that the ship's
fighting capabilities needed
to be improved to enable it
to continue to fulfill its role
as battle ship because its
hull was still good, adding
that it was easier to change
the weapons system on
Obuma than to replace the
ship.

CSO: 3400/40

Commodore Nyako said
that he was optimistic that
Obuma would. give many
more years of service to the
nation, adding that with
development of greater cap-
ability for maintenance by
the navy, its fleet would
give more years of service.

The flag officer said that
the navy would carry out a
structural re-organisation
of its fleet support services
and supplies while more
workshops would be built to
increase the operational effi-
ciency of the fleet.

According to him, the re-
organisation is aimed at
putting together a fleet sup-
port for maintenance and
training operations in the
navy’s renewed emphasis
on maintenance of war ma-
chines,

40

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1996

NIGERIA



JON QWELANE REPORTS ON BLACK SCHOOL CRISIS FOLLOWING DET CLOSURES

JPRS-SSA-86~-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Various Problems Plague Black Education

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 21 Sep 86 p 12

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text]

SINCE that afternoon in the
mid-1950s when the then
Minister of Native Educa-
tion, Dr Hendrik Verwoerd,
“unveiled his plans for black
education to a hushed Par-
uncomplimen-
yes have been
used to describe the system.
Deep distrust has dogged
black education, resulting in the
-upheavals of 1976 when hun-
dreds of people — many of
them children — were shot
dead and many more injured.
* Endemic class boycotts, exami-
nation boycotts, detentions of ‘s'
dents and teachers and heavy criti-
cism of the system have not made
things easy for the education auth-
orities or the pupils; confrontation

liament many
are ad

+ a
vary aa.

‘is the order of the day.

‘ Other factors contributing to the
dismal performances at black
_schools are the syllabuses that edu-
cationists have condemned as
being below those of white schools.
The DET, however, says all State
schools subscribe to the same core

syllabus.

Many black teachers, themselves
products of the “inferior” system of
education for blacks, are not suffi-
ciently qualified and the DET has
admitted it employs “temporary”

teachers.

81

In addition to insufficiently qual-
ified staff, black schools must cope

-with overcrowded classrooms, al-

though more schools have been
built in the past few years and ex-
tensions made to existing ones.

The burden of providing text-
books falls on black parents who do
not earn much money and, because
‘often both parents work, no adult
remains at home to ensure chil-
dren do not dodge school.

The education of black children
is not compulsory as it is for their
white counterparts and no parent
can be prosecuted for not sending
his children to school. Also many
parents have, over the years, said
school fees are unaffordable.

There is also a yawning gap be-
tween State subsidies for black
pupils and their white counter-
parts. In the 1983/84 financial year,
for example, the State spent R.1 654
on a.white child at school and
234,45 on a black one.

Overcrowding in the townships
has created problems for pupils
and many have no room at home
to study or do their homework in
peace. Children are also expected
to help with household chores.

Dr Ken Hartshorne of the Centre
for Continuing Education at Wits
said this week: “Regular learning
habits (among black pupils) are
breaking down; pupils do not bring
books to school, are not prepared
to do their homework or have their



WEATHER RADAR INSTALLED AT KANO AIRPORT

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 12 Sep 86 pp 1,2

[Article by Olu Ojewale]

[Text]

A METEOROLOGI-
CAL Weather Radar,
capable of detecting and
Warning about impen-
ding . severe
thunderstorms. that
might destroy Property
and paralyse economic
life was commissioned at
the Mallam Aminu Kano
International Airport,
Kano yesterday.

In his address at the
occasion, the Minister of
Transport and Aviation,
Brigadier J.T. Useni
whose address was read
by. the Permanent
Secretary of the
Ministry, Mr. D.A.
Anumudu, said the
weather radar which cost
the government
4439,608.56 would cover
a 450 kilometres radius
from Kano.

“He said that the new
eauipment would pro-
vide accurate weather
for the general

avi ny
Hure, hydreivgy

/12828
CSO: 3400/40

-and water resources,

The radar wauld also
be able to warn aircraft
in flight about any severe
weather en route, he em-
phasised.

The minister further
said the radar would
monitor the development
of weather at sea and
othér remote places
where observatories were
not available.

Brigadier Useni who
traced the history of how
the idea of the radar was
born, said this was when
the ones installed iff 1958
at Kano and Ikeja got

spoilt.

The new equipment,
the minister said, was the
EEC type 74C, with an
operational frequency of
5600-5650 Mega Hertz
with a peak power of 250
kilowatts.

He pointed out that
the aim of the project
was to cover the whole
country with weather
surveillance radars of
wider beam

58

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



work evaluated by means of tests
and examinations.”

Teachers hold a negative image
‘of themselves, with morale and

‘confidence at a low, he said.

Township life is another factor
adversely affecting education.

Dr Hartshorne says: “In the
townships there is a new genera-

tion of ‘street children’ led by
young adults rejected by the edu-
cation system, disillusioned by fail-
ure and lack of work opportuni-
ties.”

Black schooling has also been.
plagued by leaks of examination
papers for sale on the black mar-
ket for anything between R15 and
R50 a copy.

As early as 1978 Father Michael
Barretta, headmaster of Christ the
Priest Seminary near Groblersdal,
began buying examination papers
on the black market as part of an
investigation into the leaks. His
conclusion was that the papers
were in the market long before the
time of the examinations, and were
leaked directly from the headquar-
ters of the DET. i

In 1981 the leaks reached a peak
when Afrikaans, English, biology,
history, mathematics and physical
science papers were found selling
at high prices all over the PWV ;
complex and the East Rand.

Teachers at some schools began
complaining that, at matric level, |
the DET had been downgrading '
marks to maintain a low pass rate
among blacks. The complaints
were supported by at least three
script markers who said they were
told by (white) chief examiners to
“award low marks” to candidates.

The teachers and markers re-
fused to give their names because
they feared victimisation.

But an official of the regional of-
fice of DET at the time, Mr Jaap
Strydom, said the allegations were
“infamous lies”. Some Soweto
teachers, however, who also de-
clined to be named, said that in
some instances they were told to
lower the marks to 52 percent.
They said this had been going on as
early as 1979.

More damning allegations were
reported by a separate group of
black script markers returning to
Natal from Pretoria where they
had marked thousands of papers

written by black matric candidates
in 1984. ; \

‘They claimed that white pupils
— some as young as 16 years —
were used to mark black candi-
dates’ scripts.

In some instances, the black
markers claimed, white examiners
used their relatives to mark scripts
‘ever when such people were only
vaguely acquainted with what was
involved. The allegations were dén-
ied by the DET.

In Soweto a group of headmas-
ters, again declining to be named,
said they had been called to a
meeting in the township where an
official of the DET ordered them to
scale down the pass rates because
there was not enough classroom ac-
commodation in the next standard.

Last year Soweto: high school
headmasters surprised everyone
when they decided to have nothing
to do with the end-of-year exami-
nations, saying they should be post-
poned to a later date. Matters
came to a head with the DET. i

The State of Emergency which
was declared last year had a large
bearing on the fiasco of last year’s
examinations: at one time 510
pupils were detained at the time of
writing, allegedly for disrupting
examinations, and only 10 percent
of candidates in Soweto sat the

papers.

Again the problem of leaks sur-
faced when a Bloemfontein court
convicted a messenger of the DET
for selling history and biology
papers at R5 each to a schoolgirl,
who disposed of them at R15 each.

The aborted 1985 examinations,
internal and external, were written
when schools reopened this year
and three weeks ago Dr Gerrit Vil-
joen, Minister of Education and
‘Training, said that the 6 858 matric
candidates who wrote this year
would not know the final marks yet
nor whether any of them had ob-
tained university exemption “due
to investigations of alleged irregu-
larities in respect of a number of
candidates”.

Allegations and denials about the
condition of the black education
system rage on. What cannot be
denied, however, is that the perfor-
mance of black pupils has shown a
steady decline each year since
1976, culminating with 1985 when

82

very few pupils sat for their exam-
inations. .

While the numbers of pupils sit-
ting examinations and actually
passing has increased in the last 10
years, the actual pass percentages’
have dropped and have often been
misleading in that they included
candidates who scored an ordinary
pass as well as those eligible for
university entrance.

The number of blacks gaining
university entrance grades has
nose-dived in the past 10 years.

A sample of the past few years

reveals that:
@ More than 49000 candidates
wrote matric in 1981 and, despite
massive leaks of examination
Papers in wide areas of the coun-
try, the examinations weré not re-
written. Only 57 percent of matric
candidates passed — 7 percent less
than the previous year which was
also plagued by paper leaks.

The DET itself said it was “not
altogether satisfied” with the out-
come, and for two weeks refused to
allow publication of results.

@In 1982 more than 62000 black
children sat for matric examina-
tions. Only 50,2 percent passed and
less than 4 percent were eligible
for university entrance.

@ In 1983 leaks again plagued the
matric examinations which were
‘sat by more than 73 000 candidates;
17 000 had to resit the mathematics:
paper.

The pass rate was 50,4 percent
and 11,8 percent gained university
entrance. Teacher groups and stu-
dents queried the results, and the
Congress of South African Students
said at its annual congress that the
results had been “fixed”.

At the same time Soweto head-

masters said they had been sum-
moned to a meeting by a DET offi-
cial and told not to pass more than
80 percent of Std 5 pupils.
@ 1984 began with half the matric
class of '83 having failed the exam-
inations. They were then turned
back in droves from schools and
told they were “too old” to repeat
the class.

At the end of the year 72500
countrywide wrote matric and
52 percent passed.

(In the same year more than
13000 white pupils in the Trans-
vaal gained university entrance
grades, while only 8300 blacks


NORTHERN EMIRS, CHIEFS MAKE RECOMMENDATIONS

One-Party System

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 18 Sep 86 pp 1, 4

{Article by Suwaid Ali & Aliyu Modibbo]

[Text]

EMIRS and chiefs in
the North have recom-
mended a one-party
system for the coun-
try.

The emirs and chiefs:
said only a one-party
system could adequately
serve the interest of the
nation and enable sanity,
peace and harmony to
prevail in our body polity.

Briefing newsmen on the
outcome of the meeting of
the emirs and chiefs in
Kaduna yesterday, the
Baraden Sokoto, Alhaji
brahim Dasuki, said these
recommendations - were
part of the memorandum
submitted by a sub-
committee headed by the
Emir of Kano, Alhaji Ado
Bayero, for submission: to
the Political Bureau.

Alhaji Ibrahim said the
‘recommendation of a one-
party system was because
traditicnal rulers “are the

jeople most embarrassed when '

yo. ‘ave more than one par-

ty” as each party would go to

them. asking for support.

He said to safe-guard
themselves. the emirs
and chiefs suggested the one-
party system ause “‘it ise
fair enough’ and that in
multiparty system in the past
there had been too much
wranglings in the country.

Alhaji Ibrahim said the
traditional rulers have also
recommended: a meral
house of representatives com-
prising the senate and the
house of representatives at the
federal level.

On the composition of the
senate, he said they recom-
mended it should consist of
members by nomination, com-

rising ex-presidents. ex-

ads of state, ex-chiefs of
staff, ex-chief judges and
reputable members of the
Society that the president
might consider as suitable for
appointment there.

According to the
traditional rulers,
they should be the
people "who cross-
check not only what
the house of
representatives is

doing but also initiate

the impeachment of the
president or vice-
president or the chief

judge of the federation

27

JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



rural population numbering 21,400 persons, as well as with the provision of
irrigation for agricultural cropland. Salzgitter Consult GmbH has also taken
on consulting assignments for the second phase of the Machakos development
program, which has estimated costs of DM50.8 million. In Zimbabwe the firm
also received the contract for preparing a study regarding the Grottvlei
irrigation project.

Gitec Consult GmbH, Duesseldorf, has been given consulting assignments in
Ethiopia relative to phase four of the rural water supply project in the
province of Jimma. Kirchner & Wolf Consult GmbH, Hildesheim, won a
subcontract in Ethiopia for mapping the Finchaa Chomen Reservoir.

In the North African region the Agiplan Corp. for Industrial Planning,
Muelheim/Ruhr, assumed consulting responsibilities in Libya for construction
of a water desalination facility. In Tunesia, the two firms of Hydroplan
Engineering Co. mbH, Herdecke/Ruhr, and IP Institute for Project Planning
GmbH, Stuttgart, are involved in the Bou Heurtma irrigation project.
Kittelberger Engineering Bureau GmbH, of Ludwigshafen, received a contract in
Algeria for completing a study on water supply to the capital city of Algiers.
The firm of WPW Consulting Engineers Wundrack, Peter, Wunderlich,
Saarbruecken, was entrusted with consulting assignments in Morocco in regard
to water supply for the cities of Beni Mellal and Khenitra. Bartels Consult
GmbH, Berlin, received a subcontract in Morocco concerning water treatment and
purification.

In East Africa, Lahmeyer International GmbH, Frankfurt/Main, was awarded
responsibility in Somalia for the preparation of a hydroeconomy plan for the
Shebeli River in the southern part of the country. Schroeder Planning GmbH &
Co. KG, Darmstadt, won a contract in Uganda for consulting on water supply to
the town of Shuku. The firm of Dr Ing Walter GmbH & Co. KG International-
DIWI, Essen, is doing consulting work in Uganda for the state-owned National
Water and Sewerage Corp., which is responsible for water supply and waste
water removal. Dorsch Consult Engineering Co. mbH, of Munich, has become
active in Zimbabwe as a consortium partner in the Masvingo small-scale
irrigation project.

12412/9599
CSO: 3420/57



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

He said the second quarter allocation would bring the total to N295,000 which
would be shared among the 41 Federal Government colleges and the government
girls colleges.

He said 450,000 was set aside for the 10 federal colleges of education and
830,000 for the six federal school of arts and science, while Federal
Technical College, Yaba, would receive 45,000.
The Chief of Staff declared: "In pursuance of the Federal Government policy
of encouraging technical education, government would continue to award
scholarships under the technical teacher programme.

Anambra Problems

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 18 Sep 86 p 16

[Article by Ikechukwu Ani, Tony Enem & Martins Anyaegbu]

[Text]

HE Anambra State Com-
missioner of Education,
Mrs Grace Obayi, has in Enugu
said that the new education
system conceived at a time the
country was buoyant is now
facing a serious problem of
inadequate funding,

Mrs Obayi who was a guest
speaker at the on-going 1986
Press Week of the Nigeria
Union of Journalists,
Anambra State Council, spoke
on “‘the problems of education
administration in relation to
the 6-3-3-4 system’’,

She said that due to lack of

.funds that it was not possible
for the government to provide
ail the necessary infrastructures
required for the. effective
Operation of the system.

According to her ‘‘although

we are about to enter a second
year into the senior secondary,
Some junior secondary schools
are yet to build the workshops
for introductory technology, a
very essential component of
this system.””

The commissioner continued
“even where they are available
and -well equipped, in most
cases there is no electricity for
the operation of the
machines,’”*

It has not been possible, she
said to provide enough equip-
ment such as typewriters,
science apparatus, cookers,
sewing machines, etc.

Mrs Obayi who said that the
6-3-3-4 system if operated in an
ideal setting was good,

112828
CSO: 3400/39

observed that ‘since it had.
rendered the old syllabuses and
some text books obsolete, new
syllabuses and new text books
based on the new system had to
be produced. :

‘She explained that. this: task
was yet to be completed adding
also that the increased number
‘of school subjects brought with
it a corresponding increase of
the number of. required
specialist teachers. “It is not
however easy to provide these
teachers in sufficient number
especially in technical subject
areas.”

On the continuous assessm-

ment, the commissioner
announced that every: effort
was being made to simplify its
process and procedures to-
make it less tedious and time
consuming, ‘
She noted that an important
feature of this assessment: is
that it de-emphasises the
importance originally attached
to end-of-term and certificate
examinations as the chief
determinant of a child’s ability.

42



In Uganda, Gauff Engineers were called upon for construction and expansion of
water supply and treatment facilities in the cities of Kampala, Entebbe, and
Jinja. Following the completion of feasibility studies, master plans,
preliminary project design, and final construction planning, Gauff Engineers
were also awarded responsibility for preparing competitive bidding documents
and for supervising construction work. The World Bank has assumed financing
for the project, which will require expenditures amounting to DM50 million.
In Uganda Gauff Engineers also received a contract for supervising construc-—
tion activity on a 14 kilometer-long water pipeline (40 to 60 centimeters in
diameter) for supplying water to the capital of Kampala, a project which
should be completed by about the middle of 1987. Project financing (DM10
million) is being done by the European Development Fund.

In Zambia, Gauff Engineers have been included in a project concerned with the
rehabilitation and, to some extent, new construction of wells in rural areas
in the central and eastern province, as well as with carrying out drillings in
the same areas in order to find supplies of water. The costs, which have been
estimated at about DM5 million, are being financed by the KfW. Gauff
Engineers are carrying out the required activities in close cooperation with
the native population and with local authorities.

AHT Agricultural and Hydrotechnology GmbH, of Essen, has recently won
contracts in Tunesia, Sudan, Lesotho, and Mozambique. In Tunesia they are
concerned with evaluating the irrigation system connected to the Bou Heurtma
Dam, which was built with German capital assistance. In addition, in Tunesia
AHT was called upon in connection with expansion of the Jendouba Project and
as a consortium partner in the Ras El-Djebel irrigation project. In Sudan AHT
was awarded a contract as member of a consortium for rehabilitating NAPC [not
further identified] irrigation projects. In Lesotho the firm assumed
responsibility for preparing a study on small-scale irrigation. In Mozambique
it was given a subcontract for making a study on infulene water control.

GEW German Water Engineering GmbH, Lingen/Ems, is active in Ethiopia and
Sudan. In Ethiopia the firm assumed consulting responsibilities regarding
water supply to Arba Minch. In Sudan GWE was called upon for work involving
water supply expansion in an area where a large number of refugees are being
housed, whereby the demand for water has increased.

Salzgitter Consult GmbH, Salzgitter, has become actively involved in Ethiopia,
Kenya, and Zimbabwe. The company is carrying out consulting assignments in
Ethiopia involving a project undertaken by the state-owned Ethiopian Electric
Light and Power Authority (EELPA), which is concerned with water diversion
from the Amarti River into the Finchaa Reservoir via a tunnel 1,550 meters in
length. In connection with this project, which requires investment
expenditures amounting to DM61 million, an earthworks dam 18 meters high is
also being erected.

In Kenya Salzgitter Consult GmbH is involved in the integrated development
program in the Machakos area. Among other things, this project is concerned
with construction of the 17.5 meter high Manooni Dam for supplying water to a



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

NKOMO-MUGABE REAPPROACHMENT IN ZIMBABWE PRAISED
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 10 Sep 86 p 8
[Editorial: "Reapproachment in Zimbabwe"]

[Text]

: RREPorts that Joshua Nkomo and Prime

legitimate government of the MPLA.
Minister Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe have

‘The same; type of collaboration“ with racist

reached an understanding to end their quarrel
in the interest of the country, is something to
cheer about.

The relationship between the ruling party
‘ZANU-PF led by Mugabe, and the major
opposition party ZAPU-PF led by Nkomo, had
been very bad leading to bloody clashes.

This development has been.a source of serious
concern to most African countries once plea-
sed by the way two of them united under the
Patriotic Front to ‘prosecute the war of libera-
tion. .

A clear evidence of the new pleasant develop-
ment is the drop of treason charges against
Nkomo and his supporters and the release
from detention of all those detained for the
offence.

The rapproachment between Mugabe and
Nkomo is better appreciated when realised
that some leaders of liberation movements
that earned independence for their country,
could not sink their differences.

A glaring example is that of Angola. The natio-

nalist groups which fought for the indepen-

dence of that country now see themselves as
arch énemies. For example, the UNITA led by

Jonas Savimbi, and FNLA headed by Holden

Roberto, today collaborate with South Africa

and other enemies of Angola to fight the

South Africa by former nationalists is also
evident in Mozambique. We are, therefore,
happy that Nkomo and Mugabe did not allow
their differences to degenerate to a stage
where enemies of Africa could. have been
“given the chance to destroy the gains of their
hard-won independence.

Now that they have started to sink their
differences, they ghould not rule out the
Possibility of the negative interference from
outside: They should watch against this and
ensure that the interest of the country super-
cedes, at all times, narrow and personal
considerations. .

For them to succeed, they should mutually
respect each other and appeal to their suppor-
ters to do same. They should not allow the
sharing of political offices to dim the bright
Prospects for a lasting peace in Zimbabwe.

/12828

cso: 3400/40

36



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SOFALA PROVINCE TRANSPORT DOWN--Sofala Province has experienced a reduction
of about 60 percent in. its maritime, river, and lake transport over the last
10 years. This was revealed in a ceremony marking the end of the navy week
in Beira on world Navy Day last week. A message which was read on the occa-
sion states that the lack of spare parts is the main problem. This transport
network is responsible for carrying supplies and strategic goods for export,
as well as international goods in the context of SADCC. It also carries pas-
sengers over seas, rivers, and lakes. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in
Portuguese 0400 GMT 1 Oct 86 MB] 16662

FRELIMO'S GRUVETA ADDRESSES MALAWI CONVENTION--Major General Bonifacio
Gruveta, member of the Frelimo Party Central Committee, last Monday in
Lilongwe appealed to the Malawian people to be vigilant so as to neutralize
those who seek to undermine Malawi's relations with Mozambique. Speaking to
the delegates at the Malawi Congress Party (McP] convention chairmed by Presi-
dent Kamuzu Banda, Maj Gen Gruveta said he was instructed by President Samora
Machel to tell the delegates that Mozambicans and Malawians are sister peo-
ples, and that the borders separating them were drawn by colonialists. 7
Bonifacio Gruveta heads a Frelimo Party delegation attending the proceedings’
of the MCP convention. Speaking in Chichewa, one of Malawi's principal
languages--to the applause of the audience--Maj Gen Gruveta said that Presi-
dent Banda expressed the desire for increased cooperation between the two
peoples, during a meeting with the Malawian head of state. [Text] [Maputo”
Domestic Service in Portuguese 0400 GMT 1 Oct 86 MB] 16662

ELECTION PROCESS EXTENDED IN ZAMBEZIA--Quelimane (Mozambique), 29 Sep (AIM/
PANA)--The national elections office has decided to extend the period for
voting in the first phase of general elections in the central Mozambican
Provice of Zambezia for a further month, The election of people's assemblies
at the two lowest levels of the government structure should have been com-
pleted by 15 Sept - 15 Oct. For Zambezia the period has now been extended.
Zambezia is badly hit by South African sponsored banditry, and communications
inside the province are very difficult. Furthermore, the documentation neces~
sary for the work of the brigade who supervises the election arrived late.
[Words indistinct] 47 assemblies had been elected in eight out. of the pro-
vince's 17 districts. The process continued in eight districts: (?Pebane) ,
Ile, Namcurra, Gurue, Inhassunge, Nicoadala, Milange and Mocuba. But up until
now there is still no information, from other parts of the province where

15



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FOREIGN MINISTER ADDRESSES UNGA ON APARTHEID
MBO12110 Maputo in English to southern Africa 1100 GMT 1 Oct 86

["Excerpts" of speech by Mozambican Minister of Foreign Affairs Joaquim
Chissano at the 41st session of the United Nations General Assembly in New
York on 25 September 1986~-recorded]

[Text] The international community has arrived at a consensus that the
apartheid system has no mechanism of self-correction and that it cannot be
reformed. May I, for that matter, quote President Samora Moises Machel when
he said, I quote: There is no democratic apartheid. There is no humane
apartheid. There is no peaceful apartheid. Apartheid is the negation of
justice, equality, social [words indistinct]. It is an institutionalized
expression of the violation of every human right. Apartheid, like colonialism,
cannct be reformed. Apartheid, like colonialism, must be eradicated; end of
quotation.

The so-called reforms heralded by the apartheid regime under the slogan,
adapt of die, are nothing but attempts to deceive the people of South Africa
and the international public opinion as well as to appease the popular re-
volt and this safeguard and perpetuate the supremacy of the white minority.
The Pretoria regime has already shown itself to be insensitive to persuasion
through dialogue conducive to a speedy end of the system. As we stated at
the Paris international conference on sanctions against racist South Africa,
certain Western countries that continue to refuse to contemplate effective
new measures against South Africa should tell us what to do when they say no
to violence, no to sanctions, no to pressures, and South Africa tells, us no
to dialogue. These countries should show us the road to take in view of the
failure of the pseudo-reformist movement undertaken by the racist regime
itself.

The argument that sanctions would hurt the black South Africans the most and
affect the economy of the countries of the region are not consistent. In
South Africa nothing can be worse than death itself. Death and murder are
daily occurrences. Even corpses are riddled with bullets on their way to
the cemetery. Mourners are also shot at and end up being corpses themselves

10


BLACKS

Jon Qwelane Reports on Black School Crisis Following DET Closures
(Jon Qwelane; THE SUNDAY STAR, 21 Sep 86) ....eeeeeeeeeees 81

Various Problems Plague Black Education 81
No Classes Until 1987 for Thousands 83
Briefs
Plan To Upgrade East Rand Townships 85
Soweto Hard Hit by Unemployment 85
Non-White Bus Stops in Johannesburg CBD 86
First Black Train Drivers for SATS 86
Mamelodi Youths Fight Crime 87
Cosatu To Organize Construction Workers 87
SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER
Mission Church Synod Rejects State of Emergency
(SAPA, 1 Oct 86) .......-0e- . 88
Columnist Deplores Lack of Honest Political Reporting on Radio, TV
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 17-20 Sep 86) ......- -- 90

Leading Journalist Discusses Press Restrictions
(Nick Worral; BBC World Service, 26 Sep 86) ....eseeeeeees 92

Former PFP Leaders To Open Change Institute

(SAPA, 30 Sep 86) ..... . 2 (94
PFP Chairman Comments on Heunis Election 96

(SAPA, 30 Sep 86) .......e00% eevee eens see eeeeeee see eeeee
Radio Comments on Multinational Nature of RSA

(Johannesburg International Service, 1 Oct 86) ......++++- 97

Police Manpower Shortage Manifested as Crime Rate Soars
(THE STAR, 22 Sep 86; BUSINESS DAY, 22 Sep 86) .....-+.+0e 98

Police Deployed in Townships 98
Insurance Rates Go Up 99

Sactu Blames Apartheid for High Fatality Rate in Mines
(THE STAR, 14 Sep 86) ..eeeeeerecccercrcccccececereeeecees 100

Indian Housing Minister Describes Plan To Solve Housing Problem
(Baldeo Dookie Interview; THE STAR, 15 Sep 86) .....- eeeee LOL

Work Processing on Mission in Maputo
(THE STAR, 16 Sep 86) ...cceseccececeeeeees seeeceeee seeeee 103



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SEIFSA: EMBARGOES ON STEEL, COAL EXPORTS TO COST 90,000 JOBS
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Sep 86 pp 1, 2
[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text] International embargoes on South African steel and coal exports
would cost the country's metal industries over 90 000 jobs--and force more
than 500 000 people into starvation.

The warning, from Seifsa--the Steel and Engineering Industries Federation--
is the latest shot in a last-minute battle by the country's steel and coal
industries to stave off a growing international call for anti-SA sanctions.

European Foreign Ministers meet in Brussels today when they will decide
whether to endorse a provisional sanctions package which includes an
embargo on imports of SA steel, iron, coal and gold coins.

Delegations from the steel and coal industries were in London last week to
meet politicians and other decision-makers, while a R250 000 series of
newspaper advertisements warned the British public of the effect sanctions
would have on SA's blacks.

Reacting to all the activity, a Foreign Office spokesman said yesterday:
"They have left it very late to put their case."

Seifsa's latest warning estimates a direct loss of 47 500 jobs if steel
export routes dry up, and a further 46 000 from the effect on metal indus-
tries of the collapse of coal export markets.

With many breadwinners supporting five or six dependents, that would remove
the only source of income for over half-a-million people.

A Seifsa spokesman said: "The estimated combined loss of 93 500 jobs
represents over 20 percent of all employees in the metal industries. An
accurate estimate of the impact of these cutbacks on other areas of economic
activity is difficult to make, but it can be assumed that it will be signi-
ficant.

106



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

and musicologist, Captain F. 0. Bucknor were also on the list of those
retired. Others on the retirement list in a government gazette just published,
are Captain T. U. Odibo (December 1, 1985), Commodore R. A. Oke (December

1, 1985), Commander J. R. T. Williams (December 1, 1985) Commander T. Alabi
(December 1, 1985), Captain M. O. Agbe (July 1) Captain C. W. Ebere (July 1),
Captain E. E. Nsa (July 1), and Commander 0. R. Fumuyiwa (December 1, 1985).
The gazette (Number 25, volume 73, July 17) also listed 89 commissioned Air
Force Officers, the promotion of nine senior naval officers including the

new Lagos State Governor, Mike Akhigbe, and the appointment of 30 others.
[Text][Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Aug 86 pp 1, 13]/12828

TRADE WITH USSR--Soviet Union is expected to import about 20,000 tonnes of
cocoa beans worth over N69 million from Nigeria, this year. The news
which is credited to the USSR Head of the Department of Foreign Trade,
West Africa, Mr. Sergeu Lototsky is contained in the August edition of

the United Bank of Africa monthly Economic and Business Digest. The digest
also revealed that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR), will in
return export goods worth 8200 million to Nigeria. The export goods would
include machineries and spare parts for the Ajaokuta Steel Rolling Mill.
According to Mr. Lototsky, over 4300 million trade was recorded between
Nigeria and USSR in 1984. The bulk of the USSR's import from Nigeria was
cocoa beans, while in 1985, the trade dropped to about N270 million still
with cocoa as the major article of trade. [Excerpt][Lagos DAILY TIMES in
English 6 Sep 86 p 7]/12828

BULGARIAN LOAN FOR ELECTRIFICATION--The Federal Government has been granted
a N50 million loan by Bulgaria for rural electrification. Also, another
loan worth N67 million is expected from German Democratic Republic GDR for
the same purpose. The Minister of Mines, Power and Steel, Professor Tam-
West disclosed these while answering reporters questions during the opening
of the NEPA week in Lagos. The minister said that the government has not
abandoned the project and that it would continue soon. The NEPA general
manager, Malam Ahmed Tukur said that the 4250 million rural electrification
project which started four years ago was stopped for some reasons. He
said that nine out of the fourteen contracts awarded under the project
were revoked. He revealed that a review exercise is almost completed for
the contract to be re-awarded. Professor David-West had earlier revealed
that the authority's power output presently stands at about 1,760 MW,
which he said was a significant improvement over the 900 MW, in 1984. [Text]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 3 Sep 86 p 24]/12828

PROBLEMS OF SPAREPARTS PRODUCTION-~The inability to produce local components
and spare parts for automobile industry is not the fault of motor assemlby
plants in the country. Anambra Motor Manufacturing Company (ANAMMCO Managing
Director, Mr. Juergen Wagner made this clarification in Lagos during the
celebration marking the 100 years of Automobile Daimler Benz. Mr. Wagner
identified lack of infrastructure, low scale of production, inflation and
over-valuation of the naira as some of the conditions that mitigate against
local production of components and spare parts for the automobile industry.
He said that the so-called supply of local raw materials to automobile
industry was mere window-dressing because the batteries, the tyres, the

65



is unfortunate that virtually all the operators of the first civilian republic,
“first military republic" second civilian republic were not good enough

to provide good government. It is often forgotten that all the changes

in government, since 1960 were not changes in structures and system of
governments,

Realities

That being the case, the prevailing political and economic system adopted
since independence is responsible for producing bad operators and as such
bad government.

Some have argued that the change of system which implied change from capitalism
to socialism would usher in a system alien to our tradition and culture,
in fact they propagate that socialism is anti-religion and inhibits individual
initiative and is based on the prevention of the right to own property.

The arguments are out-dated and remind one of the picture of socialism
painted by our erstwhile colonial masters. Our socialist options would be
rooted in Nigerian realities, and Nigerian environment and will be operated
by Nigerians without dictation from any foreign power.

Other contributors plagued by the bourgeois north-south contest for power
and exclusive zones of influence have raked up the idea of rotational
presidency as basis for national stability. This notion, to say the least,
portrays the national bourgeoisie as being overwhelmed by its own failures
and contradictions it cannot resolve.

The notion of rotational presidency will institutionalise divisive tendencies,
personal ambitions and promote sectional and tribal loyalties. In the

final analysis it is a mere cake-sharing arrangement which the ruling class
has always stood for. In the main, it will work against national unity.

To sum up, labour in politics would broaden genuine political participation;
it would halt the use of tribalism, statism and religious differences as
instruments for manipulating the people; it would be mass oriented and above
all, forge a truly united nation behind a definite ideological posture--
which shall be socialism. For the realisation of this objective, workers
and other democratic

/12828
CSO: 3400/39

20



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

CHAD

MINISTER APPEALS FOR AID TO COMBAT LOCUST INVASION
ABO71220 Ndjamena Domestic Service in French 1845 GMT 6 Oct 86

[Appeal by Yoyama Baniara, minister of agriculture and rural development, to
friendly countries and international organizations for assistance to the
Chadian Government following the invasion of the country by locusts; place and
date not given--recorded]

[Text] This is a new appeal for international solidarity. The government of
the Republic of Chad, which is anxious to ensure the well-being of its people,
has not spared any efforts so far to develop the production sectors of our
country, particularly the agricultural and animal husbandry sectors. The hard
years of drought and the annexation war imposed on us by the terrorist regime
in Tripoli have made the living conditions of our hardworking rural masses
particularly difficult.

When the drought worsened a few years ago, the international community
spontaneously granted us food aid which enabled the government to face this
situation. The rainfall which we recorded during the 1985-86 agricultural
season aroused new hopes for (?better crops) among the masses of our brave
farmers who wanted to prove that we can produce ourselves what we need.

We consider the 1986-87 season as the season for strengthening the progress in
our action against hunger and misery. Unfortunately, our hopes might be
frustrated and the action seriously jeopardized by the invasion of locusts,
rats, and other beasts that attack crops. Confronted with this [words
indistinct] which (?thwarts) its efforts and the efforts of the people, the
government appealed for international aid. The international community was
responsive indeed.

But the expected results have not been achieved up until now. The situation
which we are experiencing now requires a more important intervention. As we
were trying to demonstrate the scope of the plague--the public is surprised at
the invasion of Ndjamena, the capital--by locusts and (?rats), our major
concern was to stop the invasion in the Sahel zone in order to preserve the
harvest in the Sudano-Sahel zone. But the delay in receiving the aid made it
impossible to stop the invasion at that limit.



“Uniog (NASU) Mr Emma-
.nuel” Ijeh to ‘contest’

OATUU presidency. This.
development is a normal
trade union struggle for
power.

It accords with the
practice of trade union
democracy and

fundamental human
rights of affiliates of the!
NLC to have a say over:
anybody seeking to speak
in the name of the
congress within and
outside Nigeria.

The Nigerian
Government should
remain absolutely and
manifestly neutral in the
current power struggle in
the NLC over OATUU
offices, Nigerian workers
have not gained and have

-nothing to gain from the

OATUU.

Nobody should ‘give the
impression that Nigeria
as a nation is fighting
other African countries

for any OATUU post. If
the NLC fails to reconcile
the two factions (that is.
Mr. Sunmonu and Mr.
Ijeh) then they should
both ga to Addis Ababa
and fight it out. Afterall
the NLC itself has a way
of dealing with foctions.
Mr. Richa! Jzegbu is
the legitimat «resident of
National Union of
Pet and Natural
gas Workers (NUPENG)
with Mr.. Alphonsus

secretary; | the . NLC
allowed ‘the. faction of

. NUPENG led by Mr.
‘Samuel Dada and Frank

Kokori to attend the.

recent Central Working’

Committee “of | the
Congress in Lagos. That!
happened when Mr.,
Uzegbu and Mr. Okwese

- had not yet arrived.

But when Mr.. Okwese
arrived, someone drew
attention to the presehce
of two factions of

NUPENG. NLC leaders
expelled: both factions
from the CWC meeting,

THE TRIUMPH Editorial

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 17 Sep 86 p 1

[Editorial: "Scuffle at the NLC"]

[Text]

FRIGHTENING developments are un-
folding in the country’s labour movement.
That the schism has degenerated to its cur-
rent stage should not onlv be seen as a sad

conymentary on the leaders of the country’s 42
industrial trade unions but one deserving the

prompt attention of the Federal Government.
News reports nave It tat souumny rreve

have now waded into the dispute as allega-
tions of foreign interference had reached a
crescendo, with the emergence of a dissident
group, self-styled as ‘labour democrats’. Its
unmistakable mission is to provide alter-
native leadership to the 8-year-old Nigeria
Labour Congress (NLC).

While the teadership of the Congress has
not gone down well with certain general
secretaries and ‘political heads of the trade,
unions, it is equally most dishonest and un-
patriotic for the disgruntled to seek to pull
down the moderate administration of Com-

25

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FORMER PFP LEADERS TO OPEN CHANGE INSTITUTE
§MB300935 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0905 GMT 30 Sep 86
[Embargoed until 1300 GMT on 30 September]

[Text] Cape Town, Sept 30 SAPA--The first regional office of the Institute
for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa [IDASA] would be opened in
Port Elizabeth in November, the executive director of Idasa, Dr Alex Boraine,
announced in Cape Town today. Dr Frederick van Zyl Slabbert, former leader
of the opposition, and Dr Boraine, former PFP [Progressive Federal Party] MP
for Pinelands, will be engaged full time in Idasa when the headquarters,
based on Cape Town, opens in January next year. More regional offices will
be opened when staff and funding become available.

"Idasa is the outcome of a series of discussions with key black and white
leaders throughout South Africa as well as outside. of South Africa and is
committed to a non-racial, democratic South Africa," Dr Boraine said. The
goals of Idasa include:

--to help those South Africans of all races who reject apartheid to discover
an alternative that is non-racial and democratic in the true sense of the
word;

--to reassure those who are fearful of a post-apartheid South Africa and
involve them in working towards that alternative;

--to mobilise the skills, knowledge and experience of all those who can help
the communities in the crisis areas of South Africa, and

--to provide forums and opportunities on a nationwide basis so that solu-
tions to South Africa's problems can be sought in confidence and without
prejudice.

Idasa was not a movement nor a political party, and did not seek to duplicate
or usurp the functions of any other democratic organisations, Dr Boraine said.

94



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MAMELODI YOUTHS FIGHT CRIME--Far from reducing crime, the state of emergency
has led to a crime wave in the Pretoria townships, according to the Mamelodi
Civic Association and the Mamelodi Youth Organisation. The comments were
made against the background of an upsurge in youth activity in Mamelodi and
an anti-crime campaign. Groups of youths calling themselves "the young
lions" have been patrolling the township confiscating weapons from criminals
in the streets and shebeens. "This is a wonderful move. But it is the
task of our community organisations to make sure that the whole thing does
not get out of hand. The youths must act in a disciplined manner," said
one elderly Mamelodi resident. A spokesman for various Atteridgeville
community organisations said the recent escalation in the crime rate--
despite the presence of the police and army in the townships--was an indi-
cation of how little control they had. "We call for them to withdraw from
the townships so that the people can run their own affairs through street
and area committees without hindrance," the spokesman said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 11-24 Sep 86 p 5] /9317

COSATU TO ORGANIZE CONSTRUCTION WORKERS--The Congress of SA Trade Unions
(Cosatu) has set up a co-ordinating committee to organise hundreds of
thousands of construction workers. The committee is made up of existing
Cosatu affiliates who have an organised presence in the construction
industry. This is the first significant step towards forming a construction
workers union since the decision at a Cosatu meeting last year. According
to Cosatu assistant general secretary Sydney Mufamadi, the new union will
fight arbitrary retrenchments and movements of workers around the country,

a practice he says is common in the industry. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
NEW NATION in English 11-24 Sep 86 p 3] /9317

CSO: 3400/69

87



The south, which has always been spared, has now been affected. As a result,
we estimate the losses at more than 50 percent. The grain harvest for the
1986-87 season is thus jeopardized. Unfortunately, Chad will once again find
itself in a situation of being a food aid recipient. The situation is very
critical because grain-eating birds have already been reported in the south
and center of the country on the eve of the harvest.

In the face of this catastrophic situation, and in an attempt to save what can
still be saved and prevent future plagues, the Chadian Government urgently
appeals once again to friendly countries, international, nongovernmental, and
humanitarian organizations as well as all men of good will for assistance
[words indistinct] to its policy of food self-sufficiency and struggle against
famine, hunger, and misery.

/9599
CsO: 3400/150



are bureaucrats and propagandists, and one should not have expected them to
behave as journalists would. So, I think they have misled; and they are also
inefficient, because it is not in the nature of that particular beast to
ferret out information in the way in which a journalist would.

[Worral] It is fair enough indeed that they should seek to give the govern-
ment's point of view, especially representing a government that is considerably
under press attack at the present moment. But in what way do you believe

that they have tried to mislead, for instance, the international press?

{(Sidley)] It's not quite fair enough that they should defend the govern-
ment's point of view. They are supposed to be giving information, and so one
would think that that was perhaps a little bit removed from just the govern-
ment's point of view. That is the way in which they have misled everybody,
including the overseas press. There is a notion behind the instituting of
the Bureau of Information:.that if you give out the government's point of view
it is information. So, if there is a. riot or a massacre by the defense

force of black people in the township, what is the government's point of view
going to be on that? Its point of view is naturally going to be to hide it
as much as possible or give out a distorted view. That is what has happened
with the Bureau of Information. It has not sent its people in there to un-
cover what happened and tell that. As a consequence, the information that
has come from the bureau has been limited to what the government wishes the
outside world to see, which is either a gross distortion of the truth or in
fact hides it altogether.

{Worral] Now, in the past South Africa has enjoyed quite considerable
press freedom, and in fact the government has made much play of that in its
international propaganda. How do you see press freedom today in South Africa?

[(Sidley)] I am not one of the people who have believed that we have enjoyed
considerable press freedom. We haven't for many decades. But, as you say,
it's propaganda that we have. So, what was left of press freedom has dimin~
ished, and I would say that now we have joined the ranks of the countries that
can claim to have none at all. Journalists are so severely restricted here.
It is effectively a police state. [End recording]

/6662
cso: | 3400/98

93



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE MANPOWER SHORTAGE MANIFESTED AS CRIME RATE SOARS
Police Deployed in Townships
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Sep 86 p 1

[Text] South Africa is facing a critical police manpower shortage as
crime in urban areas continues to soar.

Continuing political violence is being blamed for the shortage of police.
In a predicted side-effect, short-term insurance premiums are expected to
rise by as much as 70 percent.

The crime rate in the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging area has risen
dramatically as police battle to maintain a presence in both the townships
and white urban areas.

Some security companies said there had been a marked increase in the
number of companies approaching them for protection. One source speculated
that as much as 80 percent of the police force was being deployed in the
townships.

The Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, told the Transvaal
National Party congress at the weekend that intimidation in the black town-
ships was one of the most difficult aspects of unrest to combat.

The most effective counter-measure was to ensure an adequate physical presence
of security forces in the townships over a long period, but manpower was
limited.

"Over the past 18 months, the most effective intimidation achieved has been
simply to show a box of matches to people who break boycotts, for example,
to indicate that their houses will be burnt down," said Mr le Grange.

6000 Cadets In Training

He added that the programme to double the present strength of the police
force was running according to schedule, The government planned to increase

the ratio of policemen for every 1000 South African from the present 1,7
to 2,9 by next year.

98


JPRS-SSA~86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

WHEAT PRICE RISE--The Cabinet is expected to approve a wheat price rise of
about 10 percent at its meeting in Pretoria next Wednesday. Informed
sources believe the delay in announcing the new price and its impact on
the bread price has been caused by the "political factor." A higher price
of bread, sources said, could aggravate the unrest situation in the town-
ships. The bread subsidy for the current financial year is about R190m--
R150m from government, Rl5m from the Wheat Board, and R5m each from the
baking and milling industries, plus a Rl6ém carry-over from last year's
subsidy. However, if the wheat price is raised, and bakers' and millers'
margins are increased, this would be insufficient to hold bread prices

at current levels until the end of the financial year. [Text]
[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 86 p 3] /9317

VOLKSKAS: PROTECT RESERVES--SA must take steps to replenish and protect
foreign exchange reserves to help counter the effect of sanctions, Volkskas
Bank said yesterday. It said in its monthly Economic Spotlight that
Rhodesia showed a country could offset the negative effect of sanctions

by obtaining foreign exchange. It suggested SA bolster reserves by
promoting export diversification, encouraging domestic purchases of SA
goods and services, and imposing selective import controls, particularly

on luxury and non-essential items. Volkskas said SA might be forced to
suspend debt redemption unilaterally. Under sanctions, government would
ration the quantity of available foreign exchange, thus limiting the level
of imports. That action could stabilise the value of the rand and the
pattern of domestic interest rates. Despite the likelihood that trade
sanctions would not be entirely effective, Volkskas said: "Sanctions will
definitely not be to the advantage of the SA economy. "In actual fact,
there is no winner. The West will not benefit from such a step and neither
will SA or countries in Southern Africa." Volkskas said sanctions could
provide a short-term boost to the economy, givén existing surplus production
capacities. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 17 Sep 86 p 3]
/9317

INDUSTRY: PESSIMISTIC '87 OUTLOOK--SA's top 100 industrial companies foresee
gloomy economic and political developments next year. Inflation will range
between 17%-23% in 1987, executives of the firms forecast in a Unisa Bureau
of Market Research survey. Most of them (89%) predict an average growth
rate of 2,1% next year. [Text] [Johannesburg BUEINSS DAY in English

22 Sep 86 p 2] /9317

114



JPRS-SSA-86~107
28 October 1986

According to the chairman, the remaining amount from the approved estimate
was only 8515,050, "an amount which, he said, was too meagre to complete

the remaining parts of the three projects", The three projects chosen by
Etsako Local Government area in 1982 were a gari industry planned for

Okpella in Okpella clan, bread industry at Afashio in Uzairue clan and the
poultry industry at Agbede in Ayeuele clan. For the gari industry at Okeplla,
it was shown that 4425,000 was allocated out of which N260,000 had already
been spent. For the bread industry at Afashio, 4440,000 was approved and
N275,000 was spent and for the Agbede poultry for which 8500,000 was earmarked,
314,950 had been expended. According to Mr. Ibilibor, the decision by his
committee to cancel the over one million naira projects was viewed against
the background of the present economic situation in the country. "The Agro-
Teck projects have become unpopular and the public now seen them as sources
of siphoning away money to feather some people's nests", the council chairman
explained. [Text][Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 5 Sep 86 p 13}/12828

INDIAN AID WITH ACRO-INDUSTRIES--The Birla Group of India in conjunction
with the Rivers State Government, plans to establish agro-based industries,
whose raw materials are locally available in the state. The Rivers State
commissioner for commerce and industry, Mr Johnson Emere Dibia, made this
known in his office, when a team of experts from Birla Group of India called
on him. Mr Dibia thanked the team for the co-operation which showed the
mutual relationship between the Indian government and the state government.
He advised the team to ensure necessary feasibility studies of the proposed ©
small-scale industries. Mr Dibia told them that such industries should be y
export-oriented, so as to yield more revenue for the state. The leader of
the team, Mr M.L. Pachisia, assured the commissioner that the industries,
when fully established, would go a long way in revamping the state economy
and that of the country, in general. [Text][Enugu DAILY STAR in English

23 Aug 86 p 2]/12828

FUNDS TO AID EXPORTS--The Federal Military Government has established three
special funds to boost the country's export trade. The funds which are
contained in the latest federal government Gazette are Export Expansion
Grant Fund and Export Adjustment Fund. The decree establishing the Export
Development Fund provides that the fund shall be used to provide financial
assistance to private sector and exporting companies to cover part of their
initial expenses in respect of export promotion activities. Under the
decree, the trustees of the fund shall consist of a representative of the
Nigeria Export Promotion Council as chairman with one member drawn from
Ministeries of Finance, Trade, Industries, National Planning and
Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (MAN and Chambers of Commerce. The
decrees states that it shall be the duty of the trustees of the fund to dis-
purse and issue guidelines for its operation. The Export Adjustment Fund
shall serve as a supplementary export subsidy or an additional fund for
dealing with high costs of production arising mainly from infrastructural
deficiencies. [Text][Enugu DAILY STAR in English 25 Aug 86 p 16]/12828

61



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

ARMY PREPAREDNESS SAID 'IMPROVED'--Chief of Army Staff, Major-General Sani
Abacha, has said that the state of preparedness of the army had improved
considerably within the limits of our resources. He said at the finals of
the "Counterstroke" army exercise at Kachia, Kaduna State yesterday that the
exercise had witnessed a remarkable improvement since when it was held last,
adding that by the standard demonstrated the gunners have achieved a high
level of professionalism. General Abacha enjoined officers and soldiers

to maintain and improve the standard even though the current financial
situation might not provice all the army needed. He also enjoined them

to improvise wherever possible adding that unit and sub-unit training should
be given the emphasis it deserved, especially in these lean times. The
Chief of Army Staff said he was aware of the lack of towing vehicles and
some ancilliaries for the new 155mm guns but gave assurances that plans were
at hand to provide them. He advised them to make maintenance and accountability
their guiding principle when the items were received and for those already
in their possession. Operation "Counterattack" involved the usual military
exercise of heavy weapons. The Chief of Army Staff participated in the
exercise. It was attended by the governors of Kaduna, Sokoto, Benue and
Bauchi states. [Text][Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Sep 86 p 3]/12828

cso: 3400/41

67



apartheid, and the frontline and other states in southern Africa in their
endeavor to decrease their dependence on racist South Africa.

We appeal to the member states of the United Nations to support and fully
implement these declarations.

16662
csO: 3400/103

12



"It stems from a.need for contact and negotiation between those people of

good will who have been kept apart for so long that they have lost touch with
each other's humanity. I seeks to counter the distrust that exists through-
out South Africa and to persuade whites in particular not to cling to apartheid
because of their fear of an alternative." Dr Boraine said many whites were
disillusioned and disgusted with apartheid but had to be assured there was
life beyond apartheid. "We are convinced that apartheid will go. We are
equally convinced that the more genuine debate that takes place now concern-
ing a non-racial democratic South Africa, the smaller the legacy apartheid
will leave behind," he said.

Idasa's main activities would be a series of workshops, seminars and confer-
ences at regional and national levels. A major conference entitled, "A Demo-
cratic Alternative for South Africa," to be sponsored by Idasa in the first
half of 1987, would be held in Port Elizabeth, with delegates from South
Africa and the international community being invited.

/6662
CSO: 3400/98

95



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

STUDY OF SANCTIONS EFFECT--In Namibia the Transitional Government has
appointed a committee to advise on the effects of U.S. sanctions against South
Africa. The minister of finance, Dirk Mudge, says in a statement any
consequences of sanctions on South Africa will be felt in Namibia, which
receives about 500 million rand annually in direct aid from Pretoria.
Describing the imposition of trade boycotts as senseless, Mr Mudge said the
Namibian Transitional Government will carry through its policy of abolishing
racial discrimination in the territory. Meanwhile, the leader of the
conservative Namibian Rehoboth Free Democratic Party, Hans Diergaardt, says he
is trying to arrange a meeting with SWAPO leader Sam Nujoma. [Text] [Umtata
Capital Radio in English 0900 GMT 6 Oct 86] 19599

AUTONOMOUS PUBLICATIONS BOARD--Windhoek, 6 Oct (SAPA)--SWA/Namibia should
establish its own directorate and appeal board for publications, using as
guideline the South African Publications Act, the Van Dyk Commission reported.
The security forces of SWA/Namibia said in argument before the commission that
the printed word had an important function in SWAPO's "propaganda onslaught"
against the territory and delays were often experienced in obtaining decisions
on certain publications through the present channels. The commission said
there should be no problems encountered with the existing structure, but an
alternative solution would be the creation of SWA/Namibian publications
control body, possibly stationed in Windhoek. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 1848 GMT 6 Oct 86] /9599

INQUEST WITNESS PROTECTION--Windhoek, 6 Oct (SAPA)--The Judicial Inquests Act
as applied in SWA/Namibia appeared inadequate in that it did not protect
inquest witnesses from possible reprisal in the war zone, the Van Dyk
Commission reported in Windhoek. Representatives of the SWA/Namibian security
forces had argued before the commission that certain newspapers were
publishing proceedings of inquest courts in detail and, particularly,
identifying witnesses. These details often come to the attention of
terrorists and their collaborators with the result that such witnesses are
exposed to intimidation and are forced to live in fear of reprisals," the
report stated. Another problem raised by the security forces was that SWAPO
insurgents used as propaganda published information of inquests, such as the
number of deaths and damage to property in incidents in the operational area.
The police often had to travel long distances under hazardous conditions in
northern SWA/Namibia, only to find on their arrival at their destinations that

17



COST OF LIVING SOARING IN Jos

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 24 Sep 86 p 16

[Article by Obi Udefuna]

[Text]

U 2: Ur and Up, the cost of living has
been going in Jos, capital city of
Platean State and the lnopact is now
descending so heavily on the people.

It now takes an average family about N15
to N2S to maintain a. three-square meal a
day. And people with large families plus
other dependants are severely affected by
the on-going economic trend. -

A survey conducted by the Daily Star in
Jos Metropolis shows that prices of goods
have now gone up in geometric progression,
to about 250 per cent. - ;

A tin of milk now costs 41.90 as against
the former price of 90k to NI about two,
months ago wi tint of medium sized

dried Coast milk sells at between N8 and 69.
Also, a medium sized Bornvita costs NS and
the large size sells N10.10 and a packet of
5-50 ;
aa het made bar soap now costs N2.50
instead of the former price of 9Qk to M1 and
a tablet of lux toilet soap fiow costs N1.50
instead of.60k about two months before.
Medium sized Omo which used to cost
NI.S0 now costs NS to N6 while the large
sized one has risen to'N14 and N15.

Prices of meat and fish: are also. fast
escalating as a measure of meat or fish
obtainable at NS, N6 and N7 has gone up to
N10, N12 and 14 respectively and no more
N2and N3 meat.

Others include vegetable oil whose price
has risen to between NIS and NI7 per tin
and a gallon of palm oil now sells at
ysiyeen N28 and N30 while a bottle costs

Cray-fish, ogbono and maggi cubes are
also marching upward in the new Price
index and there is not yet any sign of the
decreasing prices of the items. L.

Stocklish nd dried fish Have continued *
to be‘luxury as only the well-to-do ask for.
them. A middle sized stick of stockfish
costs as much as 817 while four lumps of
dried fish now cost N4 to HS.

Salt which had been one of the cheapest
cooking ingredients has of late gone up
astronomically in price. A middle sized bag

“Of salt now sells at between 45S and N6O
while a cup of salt costs as much as N2.

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA

/12828
CSO: 3400/40

46



all the radio and TV
channels in South Africa,
one important ingredient.
is missing: honest politi-
cal reporting, honest air-
ing of varying opinions.

The SABC is, of course,
well-known for its Na-
tional Party bias and
propaganda, though its
Radio Today has tried to
air views of the Nats’
opponents.

Radio 702 has little
politics outside its short
hourly news pro-
grammes, but one has yet
to hear of extra-parlia-
mentary spokesmen on
its chat shows.

The type of inane polit-
ical comment we are
subjected to outside the
SABC’s normal political
programmes comes from
the likes of superpatriot
Robin Alexander on
Radio Orion, or sports
commentators, especially
on the Afrikaans service.

Friends in Natal say.

/12828
cso: 3400/90

this type of conservative
opinion is also frequently
heard on Capital, al-
though Capital does, ’m
told, give the views
of extra-parliamentary
politicians.

But to get a reasonable
idea of South African
opinion across the board,
one has to tune in to
overseas stations, such as
the BBC, and even the
Voice of America, though
one has to be more cir-
cumspect about the lat-
ter because it is linked to
the US State Department.

Why should we be
forced to resort to for-
eign stations to learn
more about our country?
Why can we not have
truly independent sta-
tions and TV channels
which would be more

91

balanced and honest
in their approach to
politics?

The answer, of course,
is that the Nats and their
apologists want us to
hear only their side of the
story, as they have tried
to do through the Bureau
for Information on mat-
ters relating to unrest.

While the Government
tries to manipulate and
manage the news, it tries
to keep the populace
happy by giving them a
surfeit of entertainment
and sport on radio and
TV.

Just ask M-Net — the
Government has pointed-
ly refused to allow it to
air news programmes.

What all that boils
down to is that when we
ask for bread, the Gov-
ernment is quite happy to
give us cake.

And, with few. protests,
we are swallowing it,
soap suds and all. \


/12828
cso:

3400/39

The traditional rulers said tak-
ing away the responsibility of the
fhanagement of land from the
traditional institutions and giving
it to others has brought abuse
because those who were there on-
ly “found a quick way of making
money”.

They suggested that they
should have a say in land alloca-
tion “so that the interest of those
who needed it could be
reasonably protected”. and a
constitutional provision to
safeguard tand to prevent desert
encroachment and soil erosion.

‘The traditional rulers were of
the opinion that any future con-
stitution for the country must be
accepted through a referendum
so that “people will feel that this
is a Nigerian constitution written
by them for them.

Any subsequent amendments
in the constitution they said must
be made by a referendum where
two-third of eligible voters would
have voted for it and two-thirds of
the total states would have taken
part in it.

On the civil service. the Barade
said the traditional rulers were of
the view that it should be
strengthened. and given proper

protection so that they could: be
dedicated to their duties, be
honest and give good advise to,
the government and regain their
past glory.

29



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FINANCIAL AID AGREEMENTS WITH SWEDEN SIGNED
Includes Emergency Aid
MBO11402 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 1 Oct 86

[Text] Sweden is to give Mozambique 15 million krona in emergency aid. This
is worth 75 million meticals, which will be used to buy medicine. This news
was disclosed during the Mozambique-Sweden talks this morning. Other issues
discussed at the meeting were bilateral cooperation and the situation in
southern Africa.

The delegations were headed by Carl Tham, the head of Sweden's International
Development Agency, and Minister of Cooperation Jacinto Veloso.

Accords are also expected to be signed today cancelling Mozambique's debt
to Sweden, and providing for an aid project dealing with navigation.

Rehabilitation of Navigation Aids
MBO11941 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700 GMT 1 Oct 86

{Text] Sweden has allocated to Mozambique a. sum equivalent to $19 million
(U.S.], about 750 million meticals, to relieve Mozambique’s foreign debt
obligations. The accord was signed by Bo Kalfhors, Swedish ambassador ac—
credited to Mozambique, and Mozambican Minister of Cooperation Jacinto Veloso
in the presence of Carl Tham, director general of the Swedish International
Development Authority SIDA.

Another accord was signed this afternoon providing for the rehabilitation
of navigation aids to the regional ports of Maputo, Beira, and Nacala. The
project, to be financed by the Swedish Government, is estimated at $8 mil-
lion [U.S.] the equivalent of 300,000 contos. The accord was signed by the
Swedish ambassador to Mozambique and by Mozambican deputy Minister of
Transport and Communications Isaias Muhate.

Earlier the SIDA delegation held talks with Minister of Industry and Energy
Antonio Branco, during which bilateral cooperation was reviewed. It will be
recalled that this morning the SIDA delegation announced an emergency aid
deal in krona worth 75,000 contos to buy medicine to Mozambique.

/6662
csO: 3400/103
13



ROLE OF RIVER BASIN AUTHORITIES DISCUSSED

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 22 Sep 86 p 23

[Text]

/12828
CSO:

HE former Minister.

_of Agriculture,
water Resources and
Rural Development, Lt.-
Gen, Alani Akinrinade
(Rtd), said yesterday in
Lagos that the Federal
Government has commit-
ted over N2 billion to the
development of river
basin authorities in the
country.

Lt.-Gen. Akinrinade, who
was answering questions
on a Radio kagos
programme, the “News-
maker”, recorded before
his redeployment to the
Ministry of. Industries,
said that although there
was a big justification”
for the huge investment
the government had
“gone a little overboard”
in failing to restrict them
to the harnessing of the
country's water resources
for agricultural develop-
ment.

‘The minister said that
in fairness to critics of the
river basin authorities, it
must be admitted: that
they should have been
“divorced completely”
from actual involvement
in farming.

3400/40

He said that the esta,
blishment originally was
due to the wrong concept.
that they. should be
Synonimous with states,
adding that those who
planned them failed to
realise that “rivers are no
respecters of state
boundaries”.

Gen. Akinrinade said
that although the present
military administration
had reduced the number

.to 11, four would have

been adequate, but for the
consideration that the
authorities would be “‘too
cumbersome and
administratively
unwieldly” if restrirted to
such a small number.

The minister agreed,
that the river basin
authorities have beer.
more successful in the
northern parts of the,
country than in the south,
saying that northerners
were ‘more willing to
vacate their land since
water was not easily
accessible in most
northern states and the
people appreciated the
role the authorities played
in harnessing the
available water for
agricultural development.

57

JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

NIGERIA



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

STEEL PRODUCERS REACT NEGATIVELY TO EC, JAPAN BANS ANNOUNCEMENT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Sep 86 p 5

{Article by Chris Cairncross]

[Text]

/9317
cso: 3400/71

THE ban imposed on
iron and steel imports
from SA, announced
first by the European
Community (EC) and
followed by a similar
announcement from
Japan, has severely
jolted SA’s steel pro-
ducers, even though the ban has
been threatening for some time.

And despite the subsequent con-
fusion over how effectively these
sanctions decisions will be imple-
mented, they are being taken ex-
tremely seriously, says Iscor
spokesman Piet du Plessis.

As a result of the prolonged re-
cession in SA and depressed domes-
tic demand, steel producers such as
Iscor have been concentrating on
exports to maintain their viability.

Tehas been variously estimated
that closure of the EC and Japan-
ese markets could cost SA’s steel
industry at least R300m a year and
place about 50 000 jobs in jeopardy.

“We are not contemplating shut-
ting down plants and laying off peo-
ple yet. Our strategy is to keep the

steel plants operating, but it’s a
difficult situation,” Du Plessis says.

Iscor is currently increasing its
efforts to seek out alternative

110

foreign markets for its products,
particularly in the Far East. t

The strengthening of the rand on
foreign exchange markets is not
destined to help this effort much
and, with the sanctions effort loom-
ing closer, exporters have started
calling on government to take steps
to ensure the rand rate does not
strengthen too significantly.

Although the situation remains
unclear, the sanctions ban does not
extend to iron ores.

OIscor notes that its mining opera-

uon at Sishen is working to full
capacity; but this isn’t sufficient, on
its own, to secure the viability of
the Sishen-Saldanha rail link.

The rail link continues to operate
at a loss, despite strenuous efforts
by SA Transport Services to in-
crease use of the line. Capacity of
the line and bulk port at Saldanha
could top 20-million tons a year.

Iscor’s usage continues to
amount to about 10-million tons a
year, or about 700 000-800 000 tons a
month. Use of the line has been
broadened to include concentrates
from Gold Fields’ Black Mountain
mining operation, and ores from
Associated Manganese.

Plans are now in the pipeline to
extend the services at Saldanha

jay.



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER FORESEES SERIOUS WATER CRISIS FOR PWV
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Sep 86 p 11
[Article by Sue Leeman]

[Text]

The population build-up in the
PWV area poses serious water
problems for the region, says
Minister of Agricultural Eco-
nomics and Water Affairs, Mr
Greyling Wentzel.

Speaking at a symposium in
Johannesburg yesterday Mr
Wentzel said he was worried
about water supplies across the
country.

“South Africa is building up a
water debt which will make the
current debt burden of farmers
look like the widow’s mite.

“Water shortages mean seri-
ous socio-political and economic
problems for our country.

“The constancy, optimal
usage and management of our
water resources is necessary for
the development of our human
potential and future.

“It is vital we come up with
new strategies and reorientate
our First World philosophies in
some ways to make provision
for the fact that we have
Third World component.” large

112

Mr Wentzel said the solution:
to the PWV’s water problems
lay in transferring water from
water-rich areas like Natal.

“But this poses problems. For
example, Natal believes that the
transfer of its water to the PWV
is harmful to its own develop-
ment.”

Mr Wentzel warned that the
funding of major projects like
the Lesotho Highlands Scheme
could be affected by economic
and other sanctions.

“Another aspect which needs
attention is the deterioration in
the quality of water, particular-
ly in the PWV area.

‘Some of the problems which
threatened supplies of pure
water are salinisation — often
brought about by recycling —
drainage difficulties and leach-
ing.

He said that since the 1940s
the standard of water in the
Vaal River had deteriorated.

“Technology is available to

- produce pure water but the cost

of this needs to be researched.”



Briefs
Teachers' Group Open to All Races
COSAS Fails To Have Banning Overruled
Human Rights Charter: 'Favorable' Reaction

ECONOMIC

/9986

Seifsa: Embargoes on Steel, Coal Exports To Cost 90,000 Jobs
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Sep 86) .....esseeeeeee

Government Revises Spending Estimate
(BUSINESS DAY, 17 Sep 86) .....seeeseeveseevees see e ee eee

Recession Forces Drastic Changes in Lifestyle
(Michael Chester; THE STAR, 19 Sep 86) ......seeeeeeeseeee

Steel Producers React Negatively to EC, Japan Bans Announcement
(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 86) .....sseseeeee

Nation's Salaries Compared to Europe, U.S.
(BUSINESS DAY, 23 Sep 86) .......+6. eee e ee eee eee e cere eee

Minister Foresees Serious Water Crisis for PWV
(Sue Leeman; THE STAR, 3 Sep 86) .....ceeecsccccccceceeees

Briefs
Wheat Price Rise
Volkskas: Protect Reserves
Industry: Pessimistic '87 Outlook
Maize Farmers Face Uncertain Future
Foreign Investment Helps Boost Real Estate

104

104

104

106

108

109

110

111

112

114
114
114
115
115


The synod also resolved that the government be asked urgently to make the
names and places of detention of all detainess known and to allow their fami-
lies and ministers to visit them. The synod declared that members of congre-
gations should not distance themselves in "word or deed" from those held
without trial.

/6662
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89



Finance or the Central
‘Bank on or before the last
day immediately preceding
the commencement of this
Decree; '
(c) public or private sector
transactions relating to
debt; service obligations

organisations * and
remittances to Nigerian
Missions abroad;

(d) net proceeds of air

tickets sold by foreign

we any transaction valid
foreign exchange in,
respect of which advance’
‘import’ "duty ‘on ‘Form” C
188 had been_paid, a Clean

to the immediately
preceding the commence-
ment of this Decree. .
16—(1) All transactions
in respect of which
documents

i exchange
accordance with
relevant i scheme
eotablished such
transactions.

(2). All. outstanding
obligations. to. surrender
foreign or: to
submit documents in

support of receipt of goods
for which the Central Bank

for

foreign
basis of confirmed letters of
credit shall not be extin-
guished by the establish-
ment of the Market under
this Decree.

17-(1)| The Minister
shall, with the approval of
the President, Commander-
in-Chief of the Armed
Forces, appoint a date when
the First-Tier Foreign
Exchange Market shall
cease to operate.

(2) Accordingly, as from”
the date of the termination
of the First-Tier Foreign
Exchange Market as may
be ‘specified under
subsection (1) of this.
section, all foreign

ions shall

. 18—-(1) All. Authorised
Dealers appointed under
this Decree shall submit to
the Minister, at such

as the Minister
may prescribe, returns of
their activities in the
Market; and such returns
shall be in such form as the
Minister may, from time to
time by regulations
published in the Gazette,

prescribe.

(2) Any Authorised
Dealer who fails, neglects or
refuses to submit the
returns referred to in
subsection (1) of this
section, shall be guilty of an
offence and Hable to be
dealt with as provided in
subsection (5) of section 16
of the Banking Act 1959.

19 — () any person,
‘body corporate &r, unincor-
porate who —

{a) with intent to-defraud,

instrument of
exchange in the Market; or

(b) converts any foreign
excange to a use for which it
is not intended under this
Decree; or

4e) Neqotiates and eat,

ign note, other

foreign besoies or any
other trading instrument
otherwise than as permitted
‘by this Decree, or

(d) forges or produces as
genuine any false document
to the Central Bank or the

transaction in the

34

Market. established under
this Decree;
shall be guilty of an offence
under this Decree and liable
as provided in subsection
(2) of this section.

(2) Any person convicted
of an offence under
subsection (1) of this
section shall be liable.

(a) in the case of an
individual, to imprisonment
for a term of 15 years
without any option of a fine;
and .

(b) in the case of a body

(4) Where the person
éonvicted in subsection (2)
of this section is an Autho-
rised Dealer, the court by
whom he is convicted may
recommend to the Minister
that his appointment as an
Authorised Dealer be
revoked,

(5) Where an offence
under this Decree has been
committed by a body

corporate, every person
who, at the time of the
commission of the offence,
was a proprietor, director,
manager, secretary or other
similar officer of the body
corporate, or was
purporting to act in such
capacity, shall be deeméd to
be guilty ‘of that offence
unless he proves that the
offence was committed
without his consent or
connivance and that he had
exercised all such diligence
as he: ought to have
exercised having regard to
the nature of his functions
in that capacity.

(6) The Tribunal may, in
addition ot any other
penalty imposed, order that
the foreign currency
involved be forfeited to the
Government of the Federa-
tion.

(7) An offence under this
Decree shall be triable by

the Special Military Tribu-
nal established under the
Exchange Control (Anti-
Sabotage) Decree 1984 as
amended.

(8) The provisions

relating to appeals’ and
confirmation contained in
the Recovery of Public
Property (Special Military
Tribunals) Decree 1984 ias
amended) shall appiy
mutatis mutandis as if they
are one with the provisions
of this Decree.
20.—(1} The requirement
heretofore to surrerider all
foreign currency on impor-
_tation thereof into Nigeria
is hereby abolished,

(2) Accordingly, no
person shall be required.to
declare such foreign cur-
rency, unless its value is in
excess of the equivalent of
US $5,000 (five thousand
United States dollars); so
however that no person
shall have the power to

imported, unless at the port
of entry the ;importer had
‘déclafed: Sguch foreign

currency.

(2) Foreign exchange in
excess of US $5,000 tive
thousand United States
olla} or its equivalent

shall be declared for reason
of statistics only.

(4) Subject to the fore-
going provisions of this
section the Central Bank
shall design a new form to
replace form k/Tm popularly
}rown as the Yellow Form
tor use in the declaration of
foreign exchange imported
under this Decree.

(5) An exporter of Nige-
rian commodities shall open
a foreign currency domi-
ciliary account with an
authorised bank of its
choice in Nigeria into which
all the proceeds of such
export shail be fully
credited.

{€) All foreign exchange
transactions at the weekly
fixing sessions under this
Decree shai be subject to
such levy payabl
Sentral Bank
Wister may, |



JPRS-SSA-86-107
28 October 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP CHAIRMAN COMMENTS ON HEUNIS ELECTION
¥B301444 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1419 GMT 30 Sep 86

[Text] Durban Sept 30 SAPA--The minister of constitutional development and
planning, Mr Chris Heunis, had been given the state president's "stamp of
approval" in the National Party [NP] leadership race by his election as the
new Cape leader of the party, the PFP [Progressive Federal Party] said today.

Mr Peter Gastrow, national chairman of the Progressive Federal Party, said in
a statement released in Durban that the real reason the state president,

Mr P.W. Botha, had stepped down as Cape leader of the NP was "the polishing
up which Mr Heunis receives as a result." :

"He now has President Botha's stamp of approval for the leadership race.

"In addition, the Kingmaker Botha will be stepping out of the ring in which
the Cape and Transvaal national parties will vie for power and deal with the
many internal tensions which exist."

Mr Gastrow said the possible addition of about eight parliamentary seats to
the Transvaal after the next delimitation would upset many Cape NP members.

"Mr Heunis' promotion may well backfire on him because he is now the one who
will have to face the flak."

Mr Gastrow also commented on the appointment at the KP's Cape congress today
of Dr Lapa Munnik, the minister of communications and public works, as a
vice-chairman of the Cape NP in Mr Heunis' place; and the re-election of
Mrs Marietta Badenhorst, wife of Mr Heunis's deputy minister, Mr Piet Baden-
horst, as the other vice-chairman.

"If Mrs Badenhorst and Dr Lapa Munnik represent the new leadership material
of the NP, then that party is in a sorry state.

"Dr Munnik is yesterday's man~-what has happened to the new nats?" Mr
Gastrow said.

/6662
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96



28 October 1986

NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT POLICY ON DISPUTED LAND SUPPORTED

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 9 Sep 86 p 3

{Editorial: "Government and Disputed Land"']}

[Text]
A FEW days ago, Governor Emeka
Omeruah warned that government
would now be compelled to take over
disputed lands and convert them into
government’s own use. Such lands may be
turned into farms or any other use that
may be found necessary.

SUCH a policy statement by. the
governor certainly evokes wide support.

THIS part of the country has been very
notorious about land disputation.
Communities are arrayed against one
another and always, the dispute ends in
bloodbath and large-scale destructions of
lives and property over a useless piece of
land. Even where they seek redress in the
law court to determine ownership, the
litigation takes such a long time that the
communities are subjected to raising large
sums of money to pay their counsel.
Sometimes, the litigation takes a life time
and is inherited by generations.

THE concept of ownership of land in
communities in Southern Nigeria is such
that land belongs to both the dead and the
living and the unborn generations.

BUT our day ownership of land is
now vested in the state. The Land Use
Decree makes any other claim irrelevant.
The state is supreme and government is an
agent of the state. This presupposes that
only government can guarantee any claim
to land. The Land Use Décree was the

_best revolutionary step taken: by the
military to all intents and purposes. And

12828
CSO: 3400/40

37

if the Decree were to be well interpreted
and executed, there is no doubt that land
disputes could have been well curtailed
and land speculators will cease to breathe.

LAND dispute is an ill wind which does
nobody any good. The money that could
have been used to develop the community
is wasted in litigation. Communities take
up arms to assert their right of ownership
of the land. Communal efforts that could
have fostered rural development . and
improve life are dissipated in the struggle
over claim of land.

IN. our time, we have watched Akpu
and Achina, two communities that have
linguistic and cultural affinity fight over
land, nor does the Obosi and Onitsha land
episode give us any thought for joy. More
recently, the people of Uga in Aguata and
Unubi in Nnewi LGA have witnessed
destructions of property and the sacking
of villages, because of land dispute.

IN our present stage of development
land dispute should no longer be tolerated
by governemt.

OWNERSHIP of land is vested in the
state. The state is supreme and
government acting as the agent of the
state must enforce the rights of the state
over the claims of any community., .

WE - strongly support Governor
Omeruah’s new policy on disputed lands.
The government must acquire such lands.

This is the right step to take.