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JPRS 83379

2 May 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2793

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JPRS 83379

2 May 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2793

CONTENTS

ETHIOPIA

Revolutionary Activities of AETU Underscored

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 30 Mar 83) 1

AETU Central Council Meet Draws Up Work Program

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 Apr 83) 3

Exhibition Organized in Connection With COPWE Congress Closes

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 3 Apr 83) 4

Meet on Functions of Control Committees Held

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 Apr 83) 6

Land Demarcation in Seraye Province Reported

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 30 Mar 83) 7

Briefs

Shoa Region Development 8

Dejene Delegation Returns 8

KENYA

Details on Trade With Soviets Released

(Charles Wachira; THE FINANCIAL TIMES, 23 Mar 83) 9

Macharia Condemns Attacks on Kenyan Trucks in Uganda

(Peter Nsubuga, William Onyango; THE NAIROBI TIMES,

23 Mar 83) 10

Research Reveals Game Ranching Is Profitable

(James Tumushme; THE NAIROBI TIMES, 23 Mar 83) 12

Activities of Farmers' Union Highlighted

(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 25 Mar 83) 14

Briefs

Cattle Die on Ship 17

-a - [III - NE .& A - 120]
LESOTHO

Briefs

Ireland Boosts Aid 18

Hint of Elections 18

NAMIBIA

Auala Tipped To Take Nanyemba's Place

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 6 Apr 83) 19

SWANU's Conference Plan Doomed To Fail Warns Mudge

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 6 Apr 83) 20

Private German Aid Hamstrung

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 6 Apr 83) 21

White Executive Committee Reshuffled

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 6 Apr 83) 23

Briefs

Mudge on Elections 24

SOUTH AFRICA

Unions Meet for Historic Unit Talks

(Mono Badela; SOWETAN, 8 Apr 83) 25

ANC Delegate to UN Seminar Links Zionism, Apartheid

(Herby Pillay; SECHABA, Feb83) 26

South Africa Denies SWAPO Claim of 2,865 Casualties

(THE CITIZEN, 7 Apr 83) 31

Briefs

Newspaper Strike 32

Bantwu Recruitment Drive 32

Silkwork Industry Planned 33

White Jobless Almost Doubled 33

SWAZILAND

Great Problems Confront Queen Regent Dzeliwe

(SOWETAN, 7 Apr 83) 34

TANZANIA

Conference on New National Agricultural Policy Opens

(DAILY NEWS, various dates) 35

President's Opening Speech, by Mkumbwa Ally

Agriculture Secretary Presents Paper,

by Harrison Mwakyembe

- b -
Minerals Ministry Working on New Mining Policy

(DAILY NEWS, 30 Mar 83) 38

Kawawa Praises JUWATA for Financial Self-Reliance

(Attilio Tagalile; DAILY NEWS, 29 Mar 83) 39

Resolutions of Fifth JUWATA General Council Meeting

(DAILY NEWS, 31 Mar 83) 40

Minister Announces 1983 NESP Program Highlights

(Charles Kizigha; DAILY NEWS, 30 Mar 83) 42

SAREC-UTAFITI Agreement for 1982-1984 Signed in Dar es Salaam

(DAILY NEWS, 30 Mar 83) 43

AISCO To Be Split Into Two Independent Companies

(Harrison Mwakyembe; DAILY NEWS, 31 Mar 83) 44

TOGO

National Economy Seen Facing Disaster

(Stefan Klein; SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 18 Mar 83) 45

UGANDA

Briefs

Assassinations in Kampala 49

UPPER VOLTA

Recent Unsuccessful Coup Attempt Examined

(WEST AFRICA, 28 Mar 83) 50

ZAMBIA

Labor, Management Confrontations 'Looming'

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 5 Apr 83) 52

Railway Workers Union Chairman Suspended

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 Apr 83) 54

Commercial Banks Impose Credit Ceilings on Individual Loans

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 7 Apr 83) 55

IFC Suing Prime Minister for Alleged Failure To Repay 1974 Loan

(DAILY MAIL, 7 Apr 83) 57

Zulu Calls for Trade Relations With Zaire To End Smuggling

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 7 Apr 83) 59

- c -
Briefs

Minister on Economy 60

India 'Biggest Trading Partner' 60

Indian Trade Delegation 60

FAO Famine Relief Donation 60

SIDO Members to FRG 60

Wage Increase Request 61

Zulu Warns Against Threats 61

- d
ETHIOPIA

REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITIES OF AETU UNDERSCORED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Mar 83 pp 1, k

[Text ] The Second regular meeting of the Central Council of the All Ethiopia

Trade Union (AETU) opened here yesterday at the AETU auditorium.

Comrade Tadesse Tamirat, Chairman of the AETU, presented a report to the meeting

at the morning session.

Report will also be submitted to the Council by chairmen of the nine national

industrial sectors* branch trade unions and of the trade unions of Addis Ababa,

Assab Provincial Administration and the regions in the course of the meeting.

It was further noted that the meeting will discuss the construction of offices

for the AETU's branches and for nine national industrial sectors' branch trade

unions as well as rules and regulations concerning the AETU Central Council.

The meeting will also approve the draft plan of the organization for the second

six months of the current Ethiopian calendar year and the budget for the next.

Attending the meeting are members of the AETU Executive Committee, chairmen of

the nine national industrial sectors' branch trade unions and of the Addis

Ababa, Assab Provincial Administration and the regions. Also taking part are

11 standing and 15 alternate members elected at the AETU Congress.

Comrade Tadesse outlined in his report the revolutionary activities performed by

AETU in the first six months in the organizational, ideological, social and

economic fields as well as in defending the country. He also mentioned the

problems faced in the past and outlined the solutions for them.

Comrade Tadesse pointed out that many trade unions had been presented with certificates of legal recognition from the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs,

adding that those which have not received certificates so far would get them

during AETU's programme of action in the coming six months.

The timely Implementation of collective agreements, said Comrade Tadasse, has

an Impact on work coordination and co-operation between workers and their organizations. Comrade Tadasse added that dicussion and dialogue of workers with

their organization are essential to deal with misunderstanding that may arise

from time to time once the collective agreements have been signed.

Other factors for tackling misunderstandings, according to Comrade Tadasse, are

to ensure that cases are settled in accordance with the existing proclamations,

directives and the relevant provisions in collective agreements as well as by

strengthening arbitration committees.
The strengthening of the arbitration committees, he said, is important not only

to defend the rights of the workers but also go guarantee industrial peace and

discipline and to enhance the participation of the workers in administration.

To this end, the legal and industrail relations department of the AETU has

charted out a set of priorities and has planned to initiate a campaign of consolidation by holding consultation with the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, said Comrade Tadesse,

The AETU Chairman emphasised the importance of conducting extensive study before

preparing the draft for a collective bargaining agreement. In this connection,

he said, it was useful to refer to such agreements in Ethiopia signed in the

past by trade unions engaged in different economic sectors with their organizations and similar agreements concluded in socialist countries of the different

stages of their development. As a collective bargaining agreement is signed

after both parties concur on its provisions, the agreement is beneificial not

only for the workers but also for the organization, said Comrade Tadesse.

The AETU Chairman also noted the responsibility entrusted to the organization

to agitate workers for the fulfilment of COPWE's mission, namely the establishment of the Party of the Working People, He elaborated on the measures taken

in this regard so far and stated that considerable results have been obtained

in the regions through production and work campaigns conducted in support of

the resolution of the Second COPWE congress.

Noting that the tenth anniversary of the Organization of the African Trade

Union Unity (OATUU) would be observed here next month, Comrade Tadesse stressed

that the AETU was making considerable efforts to fulfill its duties as host.

He referred to the advantages that can be derived from the presence here of

representatives of trade unions from various countries as well as international

organizations particularly in showing them the high stage attained by the Revolution.

With particular reference to the newspaper published by AETU in the past, Comrade Tadesse said that this had resumed after it was interrupted following the

restructuring of the organization, A special issue of the newspaper had appeared

for the Second COPWE Congress, while preparations are underway for similar publications in connection with the 10th anniversary of the OATUU and the May Day

celebrations.

CSO? 3400/1172
ETHIOPIA

AETU CENTRAL COUNCIL MEET DRAWS UP WORK PROGRAM:

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 Apr 83 pp 1, h

[Text] The Second Regular meeting of the Central Council of the All Ethiopia

Trade Union (AETU) wound up yesterday after reviewing the achievements of the

last six months and drawing up a work programme for the coming six months.

The four-day meeting at the AETU Headquarters here heard progress reports on

the activities of the nine industrial union branches making up the AETU and

union activities in the 14 administrative regions, in Addis Ababa and the Assab

Provincial Adminstration. The reports also covered problems encountered by the

nine industrial branch unions and those in the regions and the solutions sought

to deal with the problems.

The meeting resolved to implement the Resolution of the Second COPWE Congress

of early last January as regards the Resolution's pertinent provisions related

to organized workers at various levels and also affirmed the readiness of the

All Ethiopia Trade Union to shoulder its internationalist responsibilities.

At the end of its meeting , the Central Council of the AETU further agreed to

coordinate the activities of Ethiopian workers towards the efforts of building

a viable socialist economy, a strong defence force and to strengthen the Revolution in all aspects until its objectives are realised.

Closing the meeting, Comrade Tadesse Temirat, Chairman of AETU said that the

proletarian discipline witnessed at the meeting shows the high level of consciousness attained by the working people and of their preparedness to meet

their revolutionary duties.

The democratic discussions held and the plan charted out at the meeting will

help (unreadible) development activities of the working people, Comrade Tadesse

pointed out and urged comrades on the leadership to prepare themselves for future tasks.

Comrade Tadesse (unreadible) that the working people have the responsibility

of playing an exemplary and (unreadible) role in the struggle to construct (unreadible) and promote the cause of the revolution for the interest of the working people.

Comrade Tadesse pointed out that the Council has expressed its firm stand regarding the struggle for national progress, world peace and for the anti-imperialist movement,

CSO: 3400/1172
ETHIOPIA

EXHIBITION ORGANIZED IN CONNECTION WITH COPWE CONGRESS CLOSES

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 3 Apr 83 pp 1, 5

[Text] More than 100,000 people have visited the exhibition organized here

at national level in connection with the convening of the Second Congress of

COPWE early last January,

The exhibition depicting the history, culture and political life of the country was inaugurated on the eve of the opening of the Second COPWE Congress of

by Comrade Chairman Mengistu Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the PMAC and of COPWE

and Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Army.

The exhibition officially closed yesterday afternoon and its closing ceremony

presided over by Comrade Fikre-Selassie Wogderess, Secretary»-General of the

PMAC and COPWE Executive Committee member, was held earlier in the day.

On arrival at the National Museum, Comrade Fikre-Selassie was welcomed by the

exhibition organizing committee led by Comrade Girma Neway COPWE Central Committee member and Head of Propaganda and Agitation Committee of the Second COP

WE Congress.

Speaking at the closing ceremony, Comrade Fikre-Selassie acknowledged the allaround efforts put up by individual as well as organisations to make the exhibition a great success. He appreciated the attempt made to locate and show to

the public hidden historical facts which relate to the genuine story of the

broad masses«

The PMAC Secretary-General slated that individuals who possess historical documents about Ethiopia and its people, are expected to come forward with their

contributions which would be greatly appreciated in the effort to preserve

Ethiopian history through proposed permanent exhibition,

The fact that a considerable number of people have visited the exhibition in a

brief period, attests to the keen interest of the people to know about the history of their country. Comrade Fikre-Selassie said. He added that exhibition

was in this regard an effective approach towards successful agitation and propaganda.

Comrade Fikre-Selassie noted that the exhibition which had on display miscellaneous items including documents, literary works, graphic and artistic presentation had a strong impact on visitors and left positive impression on them.

He added that the display was indeed a forum which inspired firm commitment for

the struggle ahead,

h
The PMAC Secretary-General congratulated all those involved in organizing the

exhibition and expressed thanks on behalf of the Provisional Military Administrative Council, COPWE and on his own.

Comrade Worku Tegegn, Coordinator of the Exhibition Organizing Committee, spoke

of a series of other programmes organized in connection with the exhibition. He

said that the literary and art contests sponsored at national level had enabled

veteran and aspiring men of letters and artists to popularize their works.

Comrade Worku said that a special film show which was part of the exhibition had

attracted some 30,000 people. He said that state and COPWE guests who visited

the exhibition were in favour of keeping the display as a permanent exhibition.

He also expressed gratitude for all those who volunteered their time and effort

to organize the exhibition with success.

Present at the closing of the exhibition were Comrade Berhanu Bayih, PMAC Standing Committee and COPWE Executive Committee member, ministers, COPWE Central

Committee members and invited guests.

CSOf 3400/1172
ETHIOPIA

MEET ON FUNCTIONS OF CONTROL COMMITTEES HELD

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Apr 83 pp 1, 5

[Text] A day long meeting on the functions and responsibilities of the working

people's control committees was held yesterday at the Cultural Hall of the Addis

Ababa Municipality.

The meeting, which was attended by members of the basic working people's control

committees in Addis Ababa, managers of government departments and production

units, administrative officials, chairmen of discussion forums and representatives of discussion forms and revolution squad members, was opened by Comrade

Lemma Gutema, COPWE Central Committee member and COPWE representative for Addis

Ababa.

Addressing the participants of the meeting, Comrade Lemma said that in accordance with the directives of the Revolutionary Government and COPWE, one regional,

five zonal and 117 basic working people's control committees have been established

in Addis Ababa. Preparations are also underway so that working people's control

committees would be created in government departments in which they have not

been set up up to now, said Comrade Lemma,

Popular control, said Comrade Lemma, has an important role to play in the task

of following the socialist path of development, in doing away with the reactionary form of production relations and in the realisation of the targets of reconstruction being carried out by the broad masses. He called on the members of

the working people's control committees to defend instruments of production so

that they would fulfil their functions of serving the aspirations of the masses

for progress and prosperity.

Comrade Lemma also emphasized the role of working people's control committees

in protecting the country^s national resources and in ensuring that directives

were properly implemented.

The participants were lectured on the participation of workers in the activities

of the working people's control committees and on the reaction of the committees

with their organizations.

CSO:. 3400/1172
ETHIOPIA

LAND DEMARCATION IN SERAYE PROVINCE REPORTED

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 30 Mar 83 pp 1, 3

[Text] Extensive land demarcation is now in progress in Seraye province of

Eritrea region to allot equal holdings among the peasantry in accordance with

the proclamation nationalizing all rural land issued in 1975, a year after the

eruption of the Ethiopian Popular Revolution,

The implementation of the historic proclamation assuring land to the tiller

has been delayed in Eritrea because of the destructive activities of secessionist bandits in the region. The move was being taken following the restoration

of peace and stability with the launching of the Red Star Multi-faceted Revolutionary Campaign in Eritrea region.

The peasantry in Seraye province which enthusiastically welcomed the measure, is

actively involved in the demarcation process,

A group of visiting national media representatives which toured Seraye province

was briefed by authorities that in spite of the claim by secessionists that

feudalism did not exist in Eritrea, a number of landlords were found in posession of large plots of land with landless peasants working for them. The authorities said that the example of Seraye province alone would expose the bankruptcy

of the secessionistsTpropaganda. They cited the presence in Seraye province of

a landlord with 80 hectares of land and 16 peasants working for him.

The land allotment process at present involves 19 peasants' associations in

Seraye province where 31 others have also requested for a similar demarcation

which would enable them to have their own land holdings.

Comrade Mebrahtu Lebasi, COPWE Representative for Serayo province, also briefed

the journalists on the economics, political and social developments taking place

in the province, He said the implementation of rural land proclamation would

have substantial contributions towards the improvement of the standard of living

of rural (unreadible).

CSO? 3400/1172
ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

SHOA REGION DEVELOPMENT— Inhabitants of Jibät-Metcha province, Shoa region,

yesterday gave 720,000 birr towards development projects underway in Shoa region. The money was handed to Comrade Abehe Belayneh, Chief Administrator

of Shoa region, COPWE Central Committee member and Chairman of the Regional

Development Campaign, by Comradde Bekele Degu, Administrator of Jibat-Metcha

province, on behalf of the inhabitants of the province. Comrade Bekele said

that the money was raised by the people in the provine who are aware of the

positive economic impact development oriented schemes will have on their lives.

Comrade Abebe on his part said the contribution by the inhabitants of JibatMetcha province towards the implementation of the economic development campaign

in the region was noteworthy and praised their goodwill in supporting the campaign both in financial and material terms. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN

HERALD in English 3 Apr 83 P 6]

DEJENE DELEGATION RETURNS—The Ethiopian delegation led by Comrade Tekola Dejene returned home yesterday after working visits to Democratic Korea, Vietnam

and India. While in the three countries, the delegation led by Comrade Tekola

Dejene, First Deputy Secretary-General of the National Revolutionary Development Campaign and Central Planning Supreme Council and COPWE Central Committee

Member, held talks with government officials on bilateral relations, economic,

scientific and technical co-operations. Comrade Tekola said on arrival that

the delegation had fruitful working visits in all the three countries where it

had gathered relevant experiences and explored possible areas of co-operations.

Meanwhile, Comrade Assefa Gebre-Marisu Tessema, Secretary-General of the Ethiopian Writers' Union left for Algiers yesterday to take part in the Secretariat

Meeting of the Afro-Asian Writers' Association, which starts on April 6. [Text]

[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 Apr 83 p l]

CSO: 3400/1172
KENYA

DETAILS ON TRADE WITH SOVIETS RELEASED

Nairobi THE FINANCIAL TIMES in English 23 Mar 83 p 9

[Article by Charles Wachira]

[Text] THE Soviet Union's trade

with Kenya amounted to

about shs. 120 million last

year. Imports from Kenya

accounted for most of the

trade turnover, the deputy

chairman of the Soviet

Chamber of Commerce and

Industry, Mr. V.P. Pletnev

said'in Nairobi yesterday.

Pletnev, who is leading a

visiting Soviet trade delegation to Kenya, said his

country bought 78,500 tonnes

of Kenyan fluorspar

concentrate and 2,000 tonnes

of sisal in 1982 under a longterm agreement between the

two countries.

Pletnev was addressing

members of the Kenya

National Chamber of

Commerce and Industry

(KNCCI) after signing and

exchanging letters of understanding with the chairman,

Mr. Francis Macharia. The

signing of the letters of the

understanding, otherwise

known as trade agreement,

was the culmination of a

trade dialogue initiated

between the Soviet Chamber

of Commerce and the Kenya

Chamber in 1981 when the

Kenyan chamber visited

Moscow and Leningrad.

Flanked by Macharia and

the Soviet ambassador to

Kenya, Mr. Boris Mironshnichenko, Pletnev observed

that his country's foreign

trade organisations had

encountered difficulties in

selling goods to Kenya mainly

due to delays in acquiring

licences for the importation

of Soviet machinery and

other equipment.

He regretted that Soviet

representatives of commercial associations have

had problems in obtaining

entry visas and the situation

was so bad that a contract

for the delivery of a consignment of 225 cars and 30

Soviet tractors had to be

cancelled in 1981 due to

problems of obtaining a

licence to import them into

Kenya.

The scope of business

relations between the two

countries, he said, was far

from being consonant in

relation to their economic

capabilities. Pletnev pointed

out that there were a number

of untapped opportunities

and as such the primary

objective of the agreement

now signed was to further

develop trade and economic

relations between the two

countries.

"With a view to achieving

this task, the agreement

provided for exchanges of

delegations, exhibitions and

information and for the

holding of seminars to discuss

important issues of economic

co-operation," he said.

Kenya also exports coffee,

tea, canned and fresh pineapples to the Soviet Union.

CSO: 3400/1155
KENYA

MACHARIA CONDEMNS ATTACKS ON KENYAN TRUCKS IN UGANDA

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 23 Mar 83 pp 1, 16

[Article by Peter Nsubuga and William Onyango]

[Text] THE national chairman of

the Kenya National Chamber of Commerce, and

Industry, Mr. Francis Macharia, has condemned the

recent attack on, Kenyan

trucks transporting goods

through Uganda.

In a strongly worded press

statement issued to The

Nairobi Times yesterday,

Macharia noted with concern

that despite the Uganda

government authorities'promise of "adequate protection"

to Kenyan' drivers, "some

Ugandan criminals were bent

on the killing of our people."

He .pointed out that "the

Kenya government is doing

all it can to improve trade

relationships with her neighbours, and particularly

Uganda, "but there is a group

which is busy trying to

hamper these efforts," he

stressed.

Macharia noted with

concern that last weekend's

attack on Kenyan*drivers ill

UgandaJwas hot the firstof

its kind, "they have been

attacked on several occasions and in most cases lost

their lives despite the Uganda

government's promise of

adequate protection," he

said. ' • ,"

He said that the attack

was a barbaric act, "which

must be condemned in the

strongest terms by the international community," adding,

"We have always been

talking about the necessity

of improving intra-African

trade but this type of actions

do not help in this exercise."

He urged the authorities

in Uganda to do all that was

possible to stamp out such

actions. v

Late last week press

reports had it that Ugandan

rebels killed seven people in

an attack on five, Kenatco

lorries laden with coffee

bound for Mombasa at

Mbarara, 18 miles along

Kampala/Jinja road.

Reports said that eye witnesses saw* the gunmen

taking away the drivers of

the lorries into the surrounding forests. "No driver had

been killed and coffee was

still intact on the lorries."

the report had said.

However, early this week,

the Ugandan vice-president,

Mr. Paul Muwanga, denied

the earlier reports that seven

people had bepn killed in

the attack. Muwanga,

however, admitted that

according to the inspector

general of police only one

Kenyan driver Was. -killed

during the attack.

By yesterday, Kenatco,

was busy making arrange10
CSO: 3400/1155

ments for the transportation

lof the body of the driver

whose particulars had not

been released.

Meanwhile, a number of

truck drivers and turn boys

who were, casualties of the

guerrilla attack on the

Kenatco lorries in Uganda

have arrived back home.

One of the turn boys with

a broken arm, Mr. Hassan

Barre, met with The Nairobi

i unes reporter at the

Kenyatta National' Hospital

yesterday. Barre said he

arrived home two days ago.

He said that he broke his

arm when the lorry he war

..travelling in suddenly'came

under a hail of bullets and

explosions which killed one

of the Kenyan drivers.

Barre said the situation

was so tense that it was

difficult to tell how many

people had died or injured.

He said the lorry he was in

lost control and overturned

but no one died. Accompanying Barre was Mr. A.S.

Nunow-Junior who said he

escaped unhurt. He was

taking Barre to the hospital

yesterday when they met

with The Nairobi Times

reporter.

11
RESEARCH REVEALS GAME RANCHING IS PROFITABLE

Nairobi THE NAIROBI TIMES in English 23 Mar 83 p 11

[Article by James Tumushme]

KENYA

[Text] GAiME ranching is more

profitable than domestic

animals in financial and ecological terms, and may be

the answer to the deteriorating rangelands of most

countries in the near future,

according to Dr. David Hopcraft, founder and managing

director of Game Ranch

Limited near Athi River.

The confidence behind this

scientist-turned game

rancher's assertion is based

on the 20 years he has put in

reseach to prove that a return

to utilising indigenous

animals would reverse the

trend of land deterioration

and^destruction.

Although game ranching

is practised on some ranches

in Kenya, not much data has

been recorded on wild animal

productivity like on the

20,000 acre ranch on which

Hopcraft has carried out his

research since 1977.

The ranch has 3.000 wild

animals of fourteen different

species, includng impala.

eland, hartebeest. wildebeest,

Thompson's and Grant's

gazelles and other's and

cattle. The findings from the

ranch were based on the

ecological effects of wild and

domestic animals. their

comparative yield and

financial returns. '

It was found that while

cattle adversely affected the

rangeland through trampling

vegetation, compacting and

tracking the delicate soils,

the wild animals had little

effect on the grass cover.

Unlike wild animals, cattle

have a specific food

preference and do not utilise

the vegetation evenly. This

leads to certain grass species

being eaten out while the

unpreferred species become

entrenched.

"As a result." Hopcraft

says, "each year the situation

gets worse."

He went on to say that in

many African countries, this

same deleterious progression

had led, and is continuing to

lead, to the point of land

disaster.

In the same ranch, it was

found that the rate of weight

gain was higher in wild

animals than in domestic

cattle. Experimental gazelle

gained 14.6 pounds per acre

per annum. while

experimental cattle gained

7.9 pounds.

The reason for the higher

carcass yield in game animals

was a result of two

charactristics. namely: their

higher ratio of usable carcass

to live weight, and their little

fat content — usually one

12
per cent, compared to 20

per cent in cattle.

On the financial side, the

income from meat and hides

was compared with

production costs. The results

showed that it is possible to

obtain twice as much meat

from game animals,

compared to cattle from the

same acreage, and that game

meat tends to fetch more

per kilo in most countries.

Income from hides was

even more promising since

there are more hides yielded

per given area, and these

cost more than in cattle.

This does not take into

account that costs incurred

with game animals are negligible, since no dipping, innoeulations. water supplies

or night enclosures are

required.

"The fascinating thing."

Hopcraft says, "is that these

animals are able to live

without water."

They evolve physically

and physiologically to being

able to live in harsh zones"

he adds. The wild animals

can live on metabolic water

and moisture from the vegetation consumed, says

Hopcraft, while cattle must

trek to water, trampling and

compacting the land surface,

causing water run off and

erosion.

Hopcralt notes that the

vast lower rainfall grasslands

and the uncounted herds of

indigenous igamei animals,

formed an incalculable, selfperpetuating natural resource

which was by far the greatest

of all resources.

Yet. this is one which has

gone unrecognised, and has

accordingly been neglected,

abused, and almost entirely

destroyed. He argues that by

cropping and using game

animals for economic

.purposes other than tourism,

he is not helping to exploit

the animals, but rather to

save them and the land.

"By putting - original"

animals back to the land."

he says; "a symbiotic relationship develops to preserve

both land and animals."

CSO: 3400/1155

13
KENYA

ACTIVITIES OF FARMERS' UNION HIGHLIGHTED

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 25 Mar 83 pp 23, 25-26

[Text] KENYA National Farmers' Union isan

independent farmers' organisation that

belongs to all farmers in Kenya for the

purpose of protecting and promoting

their interests. It is not a trade union but

is a non-commercial, non-political

professional farmers' society whose

work is to lobby actively for farmers'

rights until suitable solutions are found.

The KNFU makes representations to

the government and others in positions

of responsibility in such matters as the

adequate supply of farm inputs, farm

loans, -agricultural markets, producer

prices, extension services, rural access

roads, telephones and electricity

supplies to farms and many more. In

fact there is no problem that affects

farmers, either as individuals or in

groups, in-which the union1 will not

make representation on their behalf.

The union will arbitrate problems that

an individual farmer may have to

develop hisfarm effectively, and equally

will prepare memoranda for the

government to argue the case for better

producer prices for farmers for the

supply of farm inputs, improvements in

agricultural markets, and the

streamlining of credit systems to

farmers, to mention but a few.

Membership of the KNFU is open to

all farmers, irrespective of the sizes of

their farms, or their race, wealth or

creed. Farmers can enrol as members

with maximum ease, something

demonstrated by the fact that over 80%

of the current membership is made up of

small-scale farmers who each have less,

than 20 acres of land.

The KNFU As the Farmers' Voice

IN a hurriedly convened press conference last month, the chairman of the.

Kenya National Farmers Union

(KNFU), Mr. I.K. Aradi, and the chief

executive, Mr. J.K. Waweru, called on

the government to avail farm inputs to

farmers in time to avoid reduced farm

yields. As the farmers' "voice," KNFU

were making a timely call, for the main

cropping season in the country was

about to begin. Other calls were also

made concerning the general organisation and administration of services to

the farmers, especially where improvement was required for the better

performance of the agricultural sector

in the whole country.

A

:

KNFU's complaint on the supply

of inputs was that they often do not,

reach the farmers in time.. Fertilisers

were mentioned as a specific case, for

most often the right fertilisers are not

available, and the great quantities of

fertilisers to be seen in godowns all over

the country are mostly unsuitable for

use and have a negative effect on both

the IspiF and the crops. The union

therefore called for the importation of

the right fertilisers at the right time, so

that they can reach the farmers

precisely when they are required. The

poor supply of other inputs like fuel

lU
were also slowing down farming activities, especially during the land preparation time. To avoid this, the KNFU

called on the government to make fuel

available in the farming areas, so that

farmers do not have to travel long

distances to look for it, thus wasting

more fuel in the process. The union

further called for the lifting of the

import duty which was imposed two

years ago on agricultural inputs like

spare parts and chemicals; duty has

made these inputs expensive, thus

diminishing the farmers' already-minimal profit. On pricing, the union

commended the recent producer price

increase by the government, but went

further to ask for a seasonal review of

prices to help counter the continually

rising prices of farm inputs, especially

fuel, whose price is usually increased

several times in a year.

It is not producer prices alone that

affect the farmers returns, but also the

system of marketing the produce,

according to KNFU, which" called for

the simplification of the current system

of marketing crops, adding that monopolistic marketing systems should be

discouraged to allow different marketing concerns to compete, if the farmer

is to benefit. It noted the need to

supervise the marketing networks of

different crops, in the wake of numerous complaints by fanners. The union

noted that the marketing system for

maize.the national staple food, leaves

a lot to be desired; the farmer has to

see a long chain of government officials

before marketing his crop.

The KNFU went on to say that late

and irregular payments from marketing boards destabilise farmers in terms

of their personal liabilities, suggesting

that a better system of paying small

farmers — who often have no bank

accounts — should be devised to

replace the present crossed-cheque

system used by the National Cereals

and Produce Board (NCPB).

According to KNFU,. the large

farmers prefer to market their produce

through their own associations like the

Kenya Farmers Association (KFA),

with the NCPB's role being only the

regulation of the cereals industry on

behalf of the government. "The

advantage of this approach," KNFU

argues, "is that the farmers would have

their accounts credited as soon as the

crop Is delivered". The other advantage, it goes on, is that the KFA is able

to give advance payment to farmers to

meet their immediate requirements,

even when the crop is still in storage.

On the marketing of cash crops, the

union is opposed to produce cesses

being imposed on marketed output, and it has called for their abolition, saying that they are not only discriminatory, but are also a major disincentive

to high productivity.

One of the main farming inputs which the KNFU has dwelt on at length is

credit, particularly seasonal credit. At a recent seminar of the ministry of

agriculture and the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the union presented a memorundum in which it criticised the seasonal crop credit scheme for

lacking the very essential aspect of insurance and guarantee, and called for

the reinstatement of the old Guaranteed Minimum Return scheme (GMR). The

union said that the farmer accepts seasonal credit at his own risk, and that

the lender stands the same risk since there is no security. The paper argued

that in the case of a natural disaster, the Agricultural Finance Corporation

(AFC), without any legal backing, resorts to what is unpopularly known as the

"task force". It went on to say that while AFC seasonal loans were intended

to provide a form of subsidy to the farmers by charging less interest than

commercial banks, it now charges the same interest, with stiffer and sometimes

unreasonable administration conditions. It was noted that while AFC gives the

loan to the farmer in form of authority to purchase inputs from the KFA, it

does not pay the suppliers of the inputs in time, which leads to the

15
CSO: 3400/1155

farmer'being charged interest twice, by

both the AFC and KFA. The union

paper added that the method of

repaying the loan is even more cumbersome, as the farmer is required to sell

his produce to yet another body, the

NCPB, which has nothing to do with

the loan or the supply of inputs.

According to the union, the usual delay

by the NCPB in paying for the crop

delivered by the farmer further

accumulates interest on the loan. The

KNFU called for all credit to be

channelled through existing farmer's

organisations which have facilities to

borrow and lend, citing the KFA and

othes co-operative organisations as

examples. The union went on to say

that while this is being done, plans

should be finalised for the formation of

a farmers' bank.

This week, the KNFU is to hold its

annual general meeting, and most

likely the above issues will' be discussed

in greater detail, together with other

issues and problems which farmers all

over the country face in their

endeavours to make the country selfsufficient and viable in food and cash

crops.

16
KENYA

BRIEFS

CATTLE DIE ON SHIP—Seven hundred prime beef cattle, which were being exported

to Saudi Arabia on board m/s Alphasha, are reported to have died during their

nine-day sea voyage. The animals were among 1,500 high-breed cattle transported from Nanyuki to Mombasa for shipment to Saudi Arabia. Reports reaching

Mombasa this week said that 800 of the sanimals survived the sea voyage

tragedy but their condition was described as weak on arrival at their last

destination. The reports said that the cattle died a slow and agonising death

due to starvation and lack of water. Last week three of the animals were lying dead in a railway wagon and the other two were slowly dying in the ship

just before it sailed for Saudi Arabia. The Kenya Society for the Protection

and Care of Animals (KSPCA) officials protested to both the Kenya ports police

and the veterinary department at the treatment given to the animals. The

officials even threatened to stop the Saudi registered and converted livestock

carrier from leaving the port. A spokesman of the KSPCA confirmed the news

that 700 out of the 1,500 head of cattle which left Mombasa last week had

died. KSPCA inspector, Mr Eshmael Agufana, said: "We tried our best to save

the animals from such a horrible trip but our efforts were fruitless. We protested and informed both the port police and the veterinary department that

the animals were being subjected to a terrible journey with no food and water

but we did not succeed." [Text] [Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 18 Mar 83

P 3]

CSO: 3400/1155

17
LESOTHO

BRIEFS

IRELAND BOOSTS AID—The Irish Government is to give R4-million in bilateral aid

to Lesotho this year to help it implement development projects. The Irish Consulate -general in Maseru, Mr Dennis Malin, has said the money will be used in

agriculture, education, engineering, industry, health and other fields. Mr

Malin said about 60 Irish technical assistance personnel had been assigned to

Lesotho on 15 projects. Among projects the Irish are working on in Lesotho

is the Hololo Valley agricultural scheme in the northern district, designed

to increase farm yields through irrigation by supplying seeds and fertiliser

and by providing agricultural machinery services extension advice and assistance with marketing. Another project aims to improve the breed of Basotho pony.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Apr 83 p 23]

HINT OF ELECTIONS—The Lesotho Government may present a new electoral law in

the current session of the National Assembly, the Speaker said when he opened

the National Assembly in Maseru yesterday. "But I am of course speaking subject to correction. I may be wrong,"Mr J T Kolane said. "When a general election does in actual fact materialise, some of us will vanish from the political

scene or simply become lost luggage, destined to remain unclaimed on the dusty

shelves of yesterday's news." Mr Kolane said that as the election of a Speaker

was one of the priorities of a new Parliament, he could also find himself "making a most ignominious exit". Two new Members of Parliament were sworn in by

the Speaker to replace the former Minister of Works, Mr J K Rampeta, and Mr S

Lekau, who died during a recess. The new members are a prominent Indian businessman, Mr G T Surtee, and journalist and former executive secretary of the

ruling Basotho National party, Mr Desmond Fixifhe. The Assembly was adjourned

until Monday. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Apr 83 p 11]

CSO: 3400/1170

18
NAMIBIA

AUALA TIPPED TO TAKE NANYEMBA*S PLACE

Windhoek THE l&IHDHOEK ADVERTISER In English 6 Apr 83 p 3

[Text ]

A DEPUTY field

commander of Swapo's

military wing, James

Auala, was tipped by

Black nationalist

sources in Windhoek as

the most likely candidate

to succeed the head of

the people's liberation

army of Namibia,

(PLAN) Peter

Nanyemba.

According to a report by

the Angolan official news

agency, Angop,

Nanyemba died in a road

accident near the garrison

town, of Lubango in

southern Angola at the

weekend.

As Nujoma's righthand

man, PLAN's late commander was reported to be

"the moving force" in

Swapo and firmly committed to its military course.

Black nationalist sources

described him as "a

warlord."

Other sources said the

Kremlin had concentrated

its support on PLAN,

rather than Swapo, which

had elevated the Secretary

of Defence in Swapo to a

key position. In that rank,

Nanyemba had won the

support of the Soviet

Union to succeed Nujoma

as President of Swapo.

Nationalist sources

reported that Auala, who

was "still quite a young fellow," rose rapidly through

the ranks of PLAN.

Although still a deputy

commander, his unblemished record with the

Swapo leadership made

him a likely candidate to be

promoted to the top position over the head of

Swapo's present field commander, Dimo Hamambo.

The sources said

Hamambo, a soldier with

exceptional qualities, had

had a disagreement with

Swapo's political

leadership a number of

years ago.

The strained relationship

continued for two years

and fences were mended

only rafter the personal

intervention of Nanyemba,

to whom Hamambo was

reported to be indispensable in certain sections of

the war machine of Swapo.

Nationalist sources; said

another personal drawback

that counted against

Hamambo's getting the job

was that he had had no formal education. — Sapa

CSO: 3400/1169

19
SWANU'S CONFERENCE PLAN DOOMED TO FAIL WARNS MUDGE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 6 Apr 83 p 4

NAMIBIA

[Text] THE DTA has rejected Swanu's proposed

all pro-independence

party conference

because the move was

orchestrated for

propaganda purposes,

Mr. Dirk Mudge,

Chairman of the Alliance said yesterday.

He was addressing a

news conference in

Windhoek on his return

from the US, when Mr

Mudge said: "Swanu's effort is doomed to failure

and the DTA is not going

to be caught with sour porridge." __

Swanu's call to all pro-'

independence Namibian

parties to attend a roundtable conference on their

own joint initiative was

made by its President,

Moses Katjiuongua last

month.

"There are political parties in this country who are

out to serve on committees

and arrange conferences

.for their own .political

gain." Mr Mudge said.

Such a move could only

succeed, if the parties

genuinely "interested in

finding one another agree

amongst themselves that

something like this is

necessary and issue a joint

statement announcing it,

and then such a conference

will take place".

Referring to Swanu's efforts so far at launching

the conference Mr Mudge

added: "When a party

composes a document such

as the one by Swanu, and

sends it to the UN, the

Organisation of African

Unity, and the South

African Government and

everyone outside SWA

who have little interest in

the matter, _and it then

comes and confronts the

other political parties inside the country with the

fait accompli of such a

conference which sticks

out as a sore thumb that it

is only a piece of

propaganda, then such a

conference is in any case

doomed to failure.

"They even went so far

as to spell out the

procedure to be followed

as such a conference," Mr

Mudge said.

CSO: 3400/1169

20
PRIVATE GERMAN AID HAMSTRUNG

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in'English 6 Apr 83 pp 1, 4

[Text] WHILE private West German investment in SWA continues to grow, the

flow of officially sanctioned aid to that

country's former colony is currently

hamstrung by a confusing web of

diplomatic and organisational obstacles.

A West German official

has denied statements that

the Bonn Government has

suspended its planned pre?

independence aid package

to Namibia because the

Ministers' Council was unseated from the Central Interim ' Government in

Windhoek, countering

statements that West Germany did not favour channelling such aid through

the Administrator

General's office.

A statement to this effect

was made by DTA

Chairman Mr Dirk Mudge

in Windhoek yesterday on

his return from a tour of

several Western countries.

Referring, inter alia, to

an unspecified 'Lüderitz

project' to be funded from

Bonn Mr Mudge told

newsmen yesterday:

"It was specifically said

to me by different people

that as a result of the

suspension of the

democratic process in

SWA and the takeover of

the interim Central

Government by SA, a

resistence has emerged

against development aid in

SWA, and that this money

was being held back."

He went on to disclose

that a representative of the

Bonn Government is soon

to arrive in Windhoek to

investigate the situation

firsthand.

MEDIATOR

The West German

Government has also indicated that it cannot channel aid directly to SWA

prior to independence and

that a mediator has to be

found, Mr Mudge said.

Reacting to this,

however, a Bonn Government official said yesterday

evening West Germany's

decision not to forward aid

at this stage had to do with

that country's commitment

to the Western Five Contact Group, and was notl

motivated by a rejection of!

last month's take-over of

the interim Central

Government by the Administrator General's office

in Windhoek.

The official could not

confirm a statement made

to The Advertiser at the

weekend by a

knowledgeable source in

Windhoek that the West

German pre-independence

aid package now frozen,

amounts to ll'million DM.

Of this, one million DM

had reportedly been

earmarked for the

Katutura Community

Centre, but was withheld

with the rest of the

development" atff also, allegedly, because West Germany did not want to send

money to SWA through

the AG's office.

This was rejected for the

same . reason as the

previous reports.

COLLAPSED

Meanwhile it is known

that relations between the

Katutura Community

Centre Committee and

the DTA's-Institute for

Social Studies have virtually collapsed following a

West German donation of

10 000 DM last year which

was channeled through the

ISS's connection in Bonn

— the Namibia Information Service.

Manager of the Community Centre Mr Seth

Eixab took exception to the

way in which the presentation was handled last June.

The money was handed

to the Community Centre

by former member of the

Mrwsfer'^-JCouncil ____Mr_

Hans von Hase, and also

appearing on the news

photograph was a Director

of the ISS, Mr Klaus

Wolff.

Mr Eixab reacted to this

by accusing the DTA of

trying to make party

propaganda out of the

Centre, which he said was

manned by volunteers who

21
ran the Centre free from

any party political affilitation.

The money had been

partly raised through the

Namibia Foundation — a

non-party political

organisation in Bonn

which raised development

funds.

The Namibia Information Centre has now informed the Katutura Community Centre that future

aid would only be

fortficoming if the

Katutura Centre delegated

the financial management

of the funds to either an independent lawyer or to the

SWA Committee ofthe SA

Red Cross in Windhoek,

headed by Mrs Ruth Kiwi.

UNACCEPTABLE

It is understood that

both these options are unacceptable to the Katutura

Committee.

According to the head of

the Namibia Information

Service, Mr Volker Stoltz,

statutory certification of

development aid from

West Germany can only be

expedited if the projects for

which such funds are intended are clearly iden:

"

titled and accounted for hi

terms of reports and banku

ing accounts.

The Namibia Information Service apparently feels

this is at present not the

jcase with the Katutura

Community Centre. ;_

On NammTalTaid from

West Germany as a whole,

the Bonn official referred

yesterday to letters written

by a group of his country's

parliamentarians late last

year to the Foreign Office,

calling for preindependence aid.

This lobbying process

has not ended, the official

said.

However, "there was

never talk of direct government aid to Namibia, with

or without the Ministers'

Council,*' he added.

- He also pointed out that

there was currently a flow

of West German funds to

Namibia via the churches,

but he did not elaborate.

The West_ German

government realised the

need for pre-independence

aid to Namibia, the official

said.

CSO: 3400/1169

22
NAMIBIA

WHITE EXECUTIVE CCMMITTEE RESHUFFLED

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 6 Apr 83 p 4

frext ] .

E

Executive Committee, Administration

for Whites, has been

reshuffled following the

vacancy left by the late

MEC, Mr Adolf

Brinkmalu

The latest changes were

made known in a press,

statement yesterday by Mr

Koste Pretorius, Chairman

of the White Executive

Committee.

Functions are now

designated to the respective

members of the Executive

Committee as follows:

Mr Kosie Pretorius,

Chairman, will be responsi-

! ble for matters concerning

the Legislative Assembly,

including "Constitutional

Development, Elections

and Government Affairs as

well as for Personal Administration.

Mr Jannie de Wet will be

responsible for Agriculture,

Finance, Transport and

Data Processing.

Civic Defence, Stocks,

Health Services and the

Tenderboard vvere

designated to Mr Willem

Odendaal.

Mr Frans van Zyl will be

responsible for Education

and Cultural Promotion.

Welfare and Pensions,

Planning, Language Services, • Efficiency,

Secretarial Services,

Works and Security Services were designated to

Mr Fritz Potgieter.

Public. liaison with the

Central Government will

be dealt with in the following way: Mr Kosie

Pretorius will deal with the

Central Government in

general, but will be responsible for Civic Affatfs and

Manpower' State Affairs

and Central Institution in

particular.

Mr Jannie de Wet will be

responsible for Finance

and Economics,

Agriculture and Nature

Conservation as well as for

Defence. Mr Willem Odendaal will deal with National

Health and Water Affairs.

NatienaLEducation was

designated to Mr Franz van

Zyl and Mr Fritz Potgieter

will be responsible for

Justice, Police, Post and

Telecommunications,

Welfare and Transport

CSO: 3400/1169

23
NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

MUDGE ON ELECTIONS--AN agreement on United Nations elections for Namibia was

not likely in the near future, the chairman of the DTA, Mr Dirk Mudge, said yesterday. Mr Mudge was speaking at a press conference in Windhoek after his return from the US as the guest of an organisation called the Conservative Caucus

and the Council for National Policy» He also visited Germany during the two^-

week overseas visit. In Germany, Mr Mudge spoke to members of the new West

German Cabinet, and the Prime Minister of Bavaria, Mr Franz Josef Strauss, "I

felt it was important to visit Geimany before the new West German Government

formulated its policy on our country,"" Mr Mudge said. Looking back on the fiveyear existence of the DTA, Mr Mudge said the organisation probably had more

status and recognition overseas now than at any other time. During his Washington visit, Mr Mudge spoke to the US Assistant Secretary of State for African

Affairs, Dr Chester Crocker, Mr Mudge said he had gained the impression that

no progress on present negotiations on Namibia was expected before the end of

this year. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 6 Apr 83 p 3]

CSO; 34Q0/1169

2k
SOUTH AFRICA

UNIONS MEET FOR HISTORIC UNIT TALKS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 8 Apr 83 p 2

[Article by Mono Badela]

[Text] MORE than 200 trade unionists from South Africa's major black and

non-racial union groupings which represent more than 500 000 worker?

will converge on Cape Town tomorrow for historic unity talks.

The Cape-based General Workers' Union

(GWU) has inviteckaU

emerging unions to the*

Mother City to discuss

the formation of a new

union body. Mr David

Lewis, general secretary'

of GWU, said the summit talks would be held

over two days.

Leaders in the worker

movement interviewed

this week all seem to

agree that the meeting

of unions will be crucial

for workers in South Africa.

. An expert on labour

matters said a new super

body would be an asset'

to the workers, something to give the powers

that be the "biggest

shock of their lives". He

said a united worker

movement in South Afb^tÄs'lothine t0 lose

Unions likely to send:

delegates to the talks are

the Food and Canning

Work e rs'"'"'"~ U'n fo n

(FCWU), the African

Food and Canning

Workers' ,.. Union

(AFCWU), the powerful Council of Unions of

South Africa (Cusa), the

non-racial South African Allied Workers*

Union (Saawu), the

Eastern Cape-based

Motor Assembly and

Components Workers'

Union of South Africa_

(Macwusa) and the giant

Federation of South African Trade Unions (Fosatu).

The meeting follows

three others held last

year. None yielded results. The question tffat

bogged down negotiations involved registration and the Industrial

Council.

However, since the

last "indaba" there has

been a great deal of rank

and file discussion on

the question of unity in

many unions. The Cape'

Town talks take place at

a crucial time in trade

unionism, when police

and State action has put

fear in the hearts of!

many, with large scale5

detention of union leaders.

The meeting also

takes place in a wave of

strike retrenchments.

The formation of an

umbrella trade union

body will not be the first

to be formed in South

Africa. During World

War II such a body operated. It was called the

Federation of African

Trade Unions. Later

there was the South African Congress of Trade

Unions. Like its predecessor the leadership of

Sactu was intimidated

and harassed by authorities.

CS0: 3^00/1168

25
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC DELEGATE TO UN SEMINAR LINKS ZIONISM, APARTHEID

London SECHABA in English Feb 83 pp 24-28, 30-31

[Extracts from a paper by Comrade Herby Pillay, ANC delegate to the United

Nations Seminar on Violation of Human Rights in the Palestinian and other Arab

Territories Occupied by Israel, Geneva, December 1982]

[Text] The United Nations seminar on Violation

of.Human Rights in the Palestinian and

other Arab territories occupied by Israel

met in the wake of Israel's invasion of

Lebanon in June 1982. In Sidon, Tyre,

in Southern Beirut, West Beirut and the

Bekaa Valley, the world witnessed the

death of more than 16,000 people and the

rendering homeless of more than 600,000

people - mainly Palestinian and Arab

Lebanese.

The bulk of these casualties were

civilians, old and young, men and women.

This brutality had political objectives,

namely the unsettling of the Palestinian

people from their places of refuge, the

elimination of the PLO — the objectives

were genocidal.

The Israeli state, its accomplices and

backers and those who had the political

and economic influence to prevent this

tragedy, must bear responsibility for this

genocidal crime. Governments and peoples

all over the world, including sections of the

Israeli population, have expressed their

abhorrence for these murderous acts.

Below we draw attention to the parallels

between Israeli and South African ideology

and oppressive practices against the

Palestinians and black people of South

Africa.

Variants of Colonialism

The similarities in terms of political,

economic and civil policies of these two

regimes against the settled populations of

the two territories stem from their exercising

a variant of colonialism involving jiirect

terrorisation, dispossession and oppression

of the peoples.

The governments in question exercise

state power with military force not only

by discriminatory and oppressive practices

against the Palestinian Arab and blackmajority respectively, but also extend their

range of activity into neighbouring

independent states. They hypocritically

invoke a self arrogated aggressive doctr&ie

of a right to pursuit and pre-emptive strike

as a so-called security measure. In so

doing they infringe not only the human

rights of the people over whom they exercise

domination, but they subvert any process

of development in the regions they invade.

They thereby prevent peaceful development which is a vital element in creating

the material conditions for the realisation

of individual opportunity to fulfil human

potential, and exercise human rights as

enunciated in the UN Declaration of Human

Rights.

The African National Congress has,

on numerous occasions and in various

international fora, declared that the voice

of the Palestinian people can only be

represented by its authentic organisation

.and leadership, the Palestine liberation

Organisation, which represents the national

aspirations of the Palestinian people. Our

26
correct assessment is in accord with the

growing world recognition of the PLO.

We draw analogies between Apartheid

South Africa and the violation of the human

rights of the Palestinian people to illustrate

our perspective that the violation of human

rights in the two countries stems from their

subjugation of the fundamental human

right — the right of nations to self

determination.

Land Dispossession

The following figures indicate racist South

Africa's approach to solve their problem

of an existing African majority in our

country.

All groups show an increase in population

except for the majority African population.

This apparent drop in numbers is a result

of the shunting of Africans into the socalled 'independent' bantustans (Transkei

1976; Bophuthatswana 1977;Venda 1979).

The 1980 African population total is still

further reduced but not accounted for in

the above total by the 1981 granting of

'independence' to Ciskei. By this administrative device the South African regime

plans to implement its grand apartheid

design of a non-African, white dominated

South Africa.

Africans working in South Africa are

to be either migrant workers or guest

citizens. Thus the final solution of the

'elimination' of the African majority is to

be achieved by dismissing the existence

of the settled national populations and of

herding people into non-viable pockets of

our country.

By contrast, the overwhelming majority

of the South African people has declared

in the Freedom Charter — adopted in

1955 - that South Africa belongs to all

who live in it, and the land surface of our

country is defended as a unitary,

geographical state.

This grand solution is the culmination

of the onslaught on the traditional

possession of the African people.

Demonically and with military force,

dispossession was pursued by various

resettlement acts. Implementation of this

strategy was carried out against

the people's resistance to removal by the

terror of white military might.

• The land dispossession of the Arab

Palestinian people by the terror of 1948

and thereafter, by the 1967 occupation

and settlement of Arab lands by Israel,

echoes our people's experience. Fundamental to the right to self-determination

is the issue of national sovereignty and

sovereignty of the national state. Apartheid

and Zionism attempt to resolve the issue

of their subjugation and expropriation of

the traditional territory of the African and

Arab Palestinian peoples respectively, by the

de facto dispossession and occupation

of their lands. Falsely, they project the

issue as one of preserving Zionist nationhood and white South African nationhood -

two artificial nationhoods that are centred

around appropriation of land and the

self projection of immigrant populations

as nations.

Culturally, they mark themselves on

criteria of religious belief in one instance

and skin pigmentation in the other. In both

instances their aggressive land appropriation

together with asserting political control

over the territory are given the status

of nationhood with the embellishment of

a state language. The common feature of

religious fervour, viz Judaism and

Christianity, become as state ideological

projections, Zionism and Christian

Nationalism.

The cultural characteristics of the Jews

and European Christians have been

mobilised into chauvinistic, national

qualities which are fostered and fuelled by

slander and hatred of the dispossessed

national victims. Our peoples' historic

resistance to the plunder of their heritage

is said to constitute a threat of annihilation

ofthe oppressor group.:

Ideologies of Oppressor and Oppressed

It is interesting to look at some ideological

statements made by the oppressors and

oppressed groups in these two countries.

The Zionist Herzl declared: "We are a

group, a historical group who clearly belong

together and have a common enemy; this

seems to me to be an adequate definition

of a nation."

In contrast PLO leader, Dr Fayez

Sayegh declared: "We are against Zionism

as a form of racism. We are against AntiSemitism. And we reject the equation of

anti-Zionism with anti-Semitism. We revere

27
TOTAL 1980

Millions

1976

Africans

Whites

Coloureds

Indians

16,9

04,5

02,6

821,320

18,629,000

04,320,000

02,434,000

00,746,000

These figures are the preliniary results of the population census

in July 1982 by the Department of Statistics, Pretoria.

issued

the Jewish faith."

In September, 1982, PLO Chairman

Yasser Arafat stated: "Begin and Sharon are

not real Jews. The crimes they are

committing are not compatible with either

morality or Jewish traditions ... The PLO

Chairman is open to any dialogue and

nobody is fooled by the Israeli argument

that we want to destroy Israel. It's poppycock, as our many proposals and initiatives

show."

Moving to South Africa, the contrasts

in ideology are' also glaring. In 1963 the

former racist Prime Minister, Hendrik

Verwoerd, said: "If we are agreed that it

is the desire of the people that the white

man should be able to continue to protect

himself by retaining white domination ...

we say that it can be achieved by separate

development."

In 1976, ANC President Oliver Tambo

said at the United Nations: "We state now,

as we stated then (inception of the ANC),

that an incontrovertible part of the demands

of our people is that there should be one

united and democratic South Africa."

At the end of his trial in 1962, ANC

leader Nelson Mandela declared: "The

ANC further believed that all people, irrespective of the national group to which they'

may belong, and irrespective of the colour

of their skins, all people whose home is

South Africa and who believe in the

principles of democracy and equality of

men, should be treated as Africans; that all

South Africans are entitled to live a free

life on the basis of fullest equality of the

rights and opportunities in every field, of

full democratic rights, with a direct say in

the affairs of the government."

The above quotations encapsulate

the essence of Zionism and South African

racism, as well as the humaneness of the

dispossessed Arab people of Palestine

and black people of South Africa, expressed

through the leaders of their authentic

organisations, the PLO and ANC

respectively. These statements of principle

are interpretable in accordance with the

UN Declaration on the Elimination of all

forms of Racial Discrimination (Nov 20th

1963) and show who propagates racial

discrimination; who have policies based

on prejudices of racial supremacy or racial

hatred.

Programmes of Annexation

Zionist Israel and Apartheid South Africa

are now also engaged in an implicit

programme of annexations that is a direct

contravention of the United Nations

Declaration (on the Granting of

Independence to Colonial Countries and

Peoples; December 15th, 1960). Israeli

occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights and

the city of Jerusalem and now part of the

Lebanon, and South Africa's occupation

of Namibia and southern Angola, in addition

to the other subversive activities in their

respective regions, are points of concern

and, in addition, constitute a violation

of the human rights of the people who

live under occupation.

The Convention of the Non-Applicability of Statutory limitation to War Crimes

and Crimes Against Humanity is relevant,

amongst other situations, to the massacres

in Sabra and Shatila and in Southern Africa,

to the massacres perpetrated in Soweto,

Kassinga, Huambo, Matola etc. which the

world condemned.

These violations of human rights and

28
support for these regimes do not arise in

abstract circumstances. Regional natural

resources, viz. oil in the Middle East and

minerals in Southern Africa, are material

reserves which, coupled with the military

strategic doctrine of certain Western nations,

has led then into connivance and all-round

collaboration with the Zionist Israeli and

Apartheid South African states.

Parallels in oppression

Nationality laws encourage settlers by a

criterion of ancestry - Jewish for Israel

and white immigration to South Africa,

while at ttje same time the settled idigenous

people are displaced. This artificially created

population balance ensures numerical

while at the same time the settled indigenous

people. Political, economic and social

advantages are accorded the "chosen"

people who, in addition, are subject to

propaganda with the social psychological

effect of being gripped by fear and greed and

suffused by national chauvinism.

Palestinian autonomy plans emanating

from the Camp David Agreement are conceived of in terms of an administrative

body under control of the oppressor nation.

In the words of the Israeli Prime Minister

Begin: "It is not just chance that the elected

council will have the title 'administrative

council'. Administration and no more.

We have offered autonomy and not

sovereignty."

The de facto position of the

"independent- Bantustans" by South Africa

is similar. No direct representation in the

controlling Parliament is the objective.

The autonomy plan like the Bantustan

plan invites the Palestinians in the occupied

territories to accept continued political

domination over their country. The parallel

of South Africa's illegal occupation of

Namibia against the wishes of the people

and international law is also a case in point.

These are violations of Article 21 of

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

which proclaims "Everyone has the right

to take part in the government of his

country, directly or through freely chosen

representatives."

The Zones of Security Regulation of

1949 gave the Israeli Minister of Defence

power over the freedom of movement of

the Arab Palestinian people, enforced

through a system of passes and written

authorizations. The analogy with South

Africa's pass laws and "influx control"

measures is evident. In addition, curfew

regulations obtain in both countries.

The application of emergency regulations

in the occupied territories, regulations which

were originally enforced under the British

Mandate that ended in 1948, result in

detention and imprisonment without trial,

torture, house arrest as well as expulsions

and exile. The South African security

legislation permits similar violations against

political opponents.

Trade union organisation is affected

by arbitrary arrest and detention of trade

unionists in both Israel and South Africa.

Censorship, banning of news, arrest of

journalists and restriction of academic

freedom is the norm in the occupied

Palestinian lands of the West Bank and

Gaza. The same processes have been applied

by South Africa against the press and other

publications, and against students.

Discriminatory practices in the field

of employment lead to Palestinian workers

from occupied territories working in Israel

under daily permits to be paid at lower

wage rates. The "border industry" phenomenon in South Africa achieves the same

result with workers having no social security

rights where they work.

Conclusion

Apart from the direct oppressive and discriminatory practices emanating from the

oppressor forces, the violation of the right

to self determination leads to an unsettled

existence for the dispossessed people. A

major aspect of the life process, viz. culture,

which is a component of human consciousness, is thwarted. Thus language, customs

and traditions, which are some components

expressed in the generic concept "culture",

are given embodiment in the process of

education, which our peoples are denied

full and normal development. Conscience,

including the right to worship, develops

by humans expressing freely their beliefs.

This process occurs in the context of home

and family, in schools, in political and trade

union organisations, in organisations of

women, youth and other interest groupings

in which people find structure for their

common and specific interests.

29
CSO: 3400/1164

National oppression has denied full

development for the Palestinian people

because they are forced into an unsettled

and insecure existence, without political

nationhood. The Israeli plan for annexation of the occupied Palestinian territories

--in the West Bank of the River Jordan and

the Gaza Strip has the intent to put an end

to the Palestinian people's national existence

and their legitimate right to self determination and the formation of their own state.

To achieve this they not only tyrannise

the population in the occupied territories,

but also prevent expression of the fundamental Human Rights enunciated in the

UN Charter.

The Palestine liberation Organisation,

founded in 1964, put forward its programme

on the creation of a Palestinian state, seeking

to bring together in it the fellow-tribesmen

now scattered in different countries and on

different continents.

To effect the inalienable national rights

of the Palestinians, above all the right to

statehood in their own land, includes

recognition of the authentic representative

of the Palestinian people, the PLO. The

Declaration on the Granting of

Independence to Colonial Countries and

Peoples (1960) clearly declares "the right

to self determination, to freely determine

their political status and freely pursue their

economic, social and cultural development."

The 1979 Programme of Action for the

full implementation of the Declaration on

the Granting of Independence to Colonial

Countries and Peoples reaffirms the inalienable right of the colonial peoples to

fight with all the means at their disposal

against the colonial powers, which suppress

their striving for freedom and independence.

The African National Congress states this

internationally accepted principle, not

because we wish to stir bellicose activity

but in order to refute the labelling of

authentic national liberation movements as

"terrorist organisations". There is no force

that can liquidate the natural striving for

freedom and independence. The struggle

for national dignity and the right to self

determination and against oppression are

internationally accepted goals, and

constitute the objectives of the national

liberation movements.

30
SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA DENIES SWAPO CLAIM OF 2,865 CASUALTIES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Apr 83 p 10

[Text] SWAPO claims 'that

they killed or wounded'

2 865 South African

soldiers last year in the

South West African

bush war were denied

by South African Defence Force yesterday.

The claims were contained in a UN report on

"the military situation in

and relating to Namibia"

issued by the UN Council

for Namibia in New York

on Tuesday.

Replying to the claims,

a SADF spokesman said:

"The absolutely ridiculous and totally untrue allegations contained in this

report again prove that

the Swapo headquarters

and its backers are completely out of touch with

reality.

"While Swapo's > socalled elite fighters, who

recently tried to invade

SWA, are fleeing like

whipped curs back to the

relative safety of Angola

and leaving more than

250 of their dead comrades behind, the UN

council for Namibia has

the audacity to brag about

Swapo's military achievements.

"The facts are brutally

clear. Although Swapo

has lost more than 7 000

of its so-called fighters

since the start of hostilities, this Marxist organisation cannot lay claim to

one square centimetre.of

South West African soil."

/ The 27-page report was

issued for consideration

at the international conference in Support of the

struggle of the SWA

people for independence

in Paris on April 25-29.

The UN document said

the latest annual report of

Swapo's People's Liberation Army — "Plan" —

showed' that between

November 1981 and

November 1982, it"inititiated 801 armed actions

against the forces of illegal occupation in Namibia," including attacks on

South African positions,

ambushes of troops and

demolition ofinstallations

and vehicles.

"The report indicates

that altogether 2 865 enemy soldiers were put out

of action, either killed or

wounded, and 230 enemy

agents were captured,"

the document continued.

"Some 79 enemy trucks

and 37 armoured personnel carries were destroyed, and 18 enemy

aircraft, 14 helicopters

and- two reconnaissance

planes were shot down."

"The military achievements of Plan," it concluded, "have proved that

Pretoria's sophisticated

military machinery, which

has been built up through

the collusion of certain

Western powers and Israel with racist South

Africa, is not invulnerable when confronted by

the steadfast determination of the Namibiun

people to achieve freedom and independence."

The body of the council's report said South

Africa was trying to acquire nuclear weapons

capability with the "collaboration" of the United

States Britain, France

West Germany: Belgium

tsraei, Japan, the Netherlands and Switzerland

But footnotes said

Belgium, West Germany

and Switzerland had denied collaboration.

CS0: 3^00/1168

31
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEWSPAPER STRIKE—THE DISMISSAL of 209 Media Workers' Association of South Africa members by the Star newspaper could lead to widespread labour unrest throughout the newspaper Industry in South Africa. This opinion was expressed by Mr

Goba Ndhlovu, secretary of Mwasa, in a statement issued in Johannesburg yesterday. "The Argus and Saan have decided to generalise the dispute and to attack

Mwasa as a whole," Mr Ndhlovu said. "They must realise that widespread labour

unrest throughout South Africa is being created." Mwasa said the manner in

which the Star management had refused to reconsider the dismissal of the workers

was "intolerable but extremely provocative." Mwasa alleged that the Star had

breached agreement procedures by dismissing a Mwasa member without the necessary

representation. Only after the Mwasa national executive had intervened was a

proper hearing held. "Mwasa is aware that the decision not to reconsider the

dismissals was taken at a level above the Star's management. "The matter is

no longer confined to one signatory to our recognition agreement," the statement

said. The manager of the Star, Mr J Nuttall, said earlier the Star management

had told members that none of the 209 workers who had broken their contracts recently by refusing to work would be employed again by the newspaper. "They have

automatically dismissed themselves," he said. The employees refused to work on

March 24 and 25 unless a fellow Mwasa member, dismissed for threatening the

life of a Black supervisor, was reinstated pending an appeal against his dismissal. Management agreed to suspend the dismissal of the employee, Mr Oupa Msimang, pending the appeal, but not to permit him to resume work. The appeal was

heard last week by mr Nuttail, who upheld the decision to dismiss Mr Msimang.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Apr 83 p 12]

BANTWU RECRUITMENT DRIVE—THE BLACK Allied Mines and Tunnel Workers Union (Bantwu ) has become the third trade union to be granted permission to recruit members

on mines under the control of the Chamber of Mines. Bantwu, an affiliate of the

Black Allied Workers Union (Bawu), representing thousands of miners, would use

this opportunity to voice workers' grievances, according to union sources. The

other black trade unions to which the chamber has granted access to mines for

recruiting purposes are the National Union of Mineworkers, who are affiliated

to the Council of Unions of South Africa (Cusa) and the Black Mineworkers Union.

A fourth union, the Federated Mining Explosives and Chemical Employees Union,

representing mainly coloureds and Asians, was granted access to mines for recruiting purpose last year. The union has subsequently signed a recognition

agreement with the chamber, in terms of which the chamber will negotiate with

the union on wages and other conditions of employment on behalf of certain

categories of employees, initially on two mines. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN

in English 7 Apr 83 p 7]

32
SILKWORK INDUSTRY PLANNED—CHINESE silkworm experts are helping South African

agricultural scientists develop South Africa's own silk industry — seen as a

potential money-spinner, particularly for the homelands. Dr C H Scholtz, Pretoria University entomologist, said the research was being done with the co-operation of the Taiwan Sericulture Improvement Station and the Corporation for

Economic Development (CED). He said silk production was a potentially lucrative

industry—and because it was labour intensive it was ideal for developing countries. For this reason the CED was planning pilot study units in certain selfgoverning Black states. He said it appeared silkworms could be reared on a

large scale with little difficulty under local conditions and on local mulberry

cultivars. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Apr 83 p 5]

WHITE JOBLESS ALMOST DOUBLED—SOUTH Africa is rapidly heading for a major unemployment crisis with the number of White jobless alone already almost doubled in

the past year. In January alone nearly 10 percent of the employable Black population—a total of 46 900—were unemployed. Latest figures released by the Department of Statistics show, according to officials, that South Africa experienced

one of her worst recessions in history last year. For the first time since World

War II there was a negative growth rate. Population statistics show that about

4,6 percent (43 000) of the economically active Coloured population was out of

work in January last year — and that by January this year the figure had rocketed to 70 000, or 7,1 percent. In the past year the total number of registered

unemployed Whites jumped by 81,88 percent, from 5 558 to 10 109. And, it was

pointed out, these figures do not include the number of upperlevel executives —

earning $15 000 a year and more — who have been retrenched. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Apr 83 p 8]

CSO: 3400/1168

33
GREAT PROBLEMS CONFRONT QUEEN REGENT DZELIWE

SWAZILAND

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 7 Apr 83 p 6

[Text] IS the Great She-Elephant really in control?;

How powerful is the

Authorized Person?

When will the next king

be proclaimed? Such are

the questions which preoccupy what passes for

the diplomatic cocktail

circuit in Mbabane, the

village-sized capital of

the small kingdom of

Swaziland.

The abrupt dismissal

of the Prime minister,

Prince Mabanda Dramini, was the first

clearly visible evidence

of a hitherto subterranean power struggle

whose precise causes

and implications outsiders can only surmise in

this most secretive and

impenetrable of African

kingdoms.

For all its smallness,

remoteness and mysteriousness, Swaziland

occupies a strategic position, enclosed on the

north, west and south by

apartheid South Africa

and on the east by nominally Marxist Mozambique, and its future de-,

velopment is not without importance for the

region.

When King Sobhuza

II died last August at the

age of 83 after reigning

for a remarkable 61

years, he bequeathed

not only a virtually unworkable constitution,

which seeks to marry,

traditional and modern

elements, but also an explosive piece of unfinished business in the

land deal with South Africa on which he was

working at the time of

bis death.

South Africa is not, of

course, offering to return some of these lost

lands in a sudden fit of

generosity.

There is a catch. The

first condition is that

Swaziland should accept

as citizens more than

800 000 hitherto South

African Swazis and Zulus regarded by Pretoria

as belonging to the tribal

areas to be ceded.

This would be a neat

las left Swaziland without direction and with

the prospect of a contentious regency for the

next six or seven years,

by which time the new

king, still not publicly

named, will be ready to

ascend the throne.

A few days after the

old monarch's death,

one of the more seniorof his numerous wives,;

Queen Dzeliwe, was"

chosen by secret tribal

process to be the queen

regent, with the title of

Ndlovukazi or Great

She-Elephant. She is

seen only on rare occasions.

The Great She-Elephant has promised

elections in October.

But in a country where

political parties are

elected by an electoral

college, whose 80 members are in turn nominated by 40 Tinkhundla

or tribal assemblies, it is

not clear what relevance

such an exercise would

have. —Times News

Service.

stroke by Pretoria. Part1

of the apartheid strategy

is to fragment and denationalize all South Africa's blacks by turning

them into citizens of va--

rious "independent" tri^

bal states. Four such

.states have been created, but they are not

recognized by the outside world. Swaziland,

by contrast, is a sovereign state and a re*

spected member of both

the United Nations and

the Organization of African Unity (OAU).

The second condition,

in effect, isthat Swazi-»

land should close its borders to guerrillas of the

underground African

National Congress

(ANC). Most of the

ANC's acts of sabotage

occur in northern Natal

and the eastern Transvaal, and there is little

doubt that Swaziland

has served as an important sanctuary.

The death of King

Sobhuza, without whose

say-so little happened,

CS0: 3400/1171

3U
TANZANIA

CONFERENCE ON NEW NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY OPENS

President's Opening Speech

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 29 Mar 83 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Excerpt]

PRESIDENT Nyerere has called for a land distribution system in which smallholder farmers and

villages would have legally-binding titles of ownership.

Opening a four-day conference on the new national agriculture policy here yesterday, Mwalimu

said the policy must embody provision for such system.

He told the conference, organised by the Ministry of Agriculture, that although the country had

no shortage of land, there was no legal system protecting plots allocated to families and villages.

"If, for example, an outsider claims a village farm, the villagers will

have no legal backing to support their right to own that land in a court

of law," he pointed out.

The peasants right over land would not be similar to the right to

own a shirt or pair of shoes but there still must be a legal system

protecting his plot.

"It is not enough to say we have no shortage of land....Villagers

must be able to say this is our land," he stressed.

Mwalimu said the agriculture policy must centre on smallholder

farmers who dominated the sector and that it must reflect on their

needs to have any meaning.

"The policy must give smallholders adequate, fertile and permanent land'

to work on.. .This is a basic requirement," he explained.

He said the policy must also liberate peasants from using the hand hoe and

encourage them to adopt oxen-drawn implements.

"Giving them land without an alternative to the hand hoe is like asking

them to skin an elephant using a nail cutter," the President said.

Mwalimu reiterated that oxen-drawn farm implements were the logical

stage to follow the hand hoe but added that some agricultural experts and

policy makers were prejudiced against the animal-pulled implements.

He explained that some officials insisted on the use of tractors because,

they argued, the oxen-drawn implements were "backward".

Mwalimu stressed that peasants must be encouraged to use ploughs

because it was the only means which could be spread throughout the country

wjth the meagre resources available.

"The prejudice against the plough must be discarded.... A national

agriculture policy which neglects the plough is unrealistic. If you think of the

tractors only you are unrealistic," he told the conference.

He" urged the Ministry of Livestock Development to breed more Boran

bulls which, he added, were most appropriate for extensive use of oxendrawn implements.

Plans should also be made to manufacture animal-drawn harrows, ridgers, .

planters and weeders alongside the plough, he said. .

- Mwalimu'said, however', that the stress on animal-drawn implements

should hot"mean neglecting the use oftractors: !'' " ■■'--

"There is also a prejudice against the tractor, especially among peasants.

Nobody is advocating banning the tractors.... We should use both (oxen

ploughs and tractors) , he said.

35
' He said the farm machines should be imported whenever possible and that

they should be distributed to organised villages for full utilization.

Mwalimu said the use of better farm implements was vital for expanded

acreage. "We should not talk about higher yield per acre in isolation... We

must so consider higher yield per person and this is only possible with

improved implements", he said.

He said better and far reaching extension services were another prerequisite for peasant farmers, adding that those going to the villages must face

peasants "humbly and with some humility".

He pointed out that agricultural officials were basically theoreticians,

adding that they must be ready to learn from peasants specialised problems

such as bad weather and poor soils. • • On irrigation fanning, the President said emphasis should be on small-scale

projects demanding common expertise and low costs.

Agriculture Secretary Presents Paper

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 30 Mar 83 p 1

[Article by Harrison Mwakyembe]

[Text]

THE National Agriculture Policy will strive to raise the welfare of the Tanzanian peasant

through elimination of factors militating against the growth of the country's agricultural

sector, the National Agriculture.Policy meeting was told here yesterday. .

Presenting a paper on the policy, the Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture,

Professor Simon Mbilmyi, attributed the poor performance of the agricultural sector, parHnilarlv in the 1970s, to several hitches. . „„. . , . ' He named them as low producer prices, poor credit faculties, an inefficient marketing

system, an unfavourable land tenure system and poor sou and water conservation.

Others, he said, were lack of skilled manpower, low investment, inadequate research and extension services and poor

marketing infrastructures.

' Professor Mbilinyi, whose paper was an abstract of the findings and recommendations of the Agriculture Policy 1 ask

Force, said the National Agriculture Policy would make effective* use of agricultural prices in manipulating agricultural

production. . , . He said farm management surveys would be carried out

regularly in randomly selected village farms and other production units. . ... „.„„„

He said producer prices for export crops would favour crops

with high net foreign exchange generating capacity, while prices

for food crops would favour crops with least demand of foreign

Ndugu Mbilinyi said apart from maintaining a producer price

stabilisation fund for export crops, producer prices would take

into account changes in cost of living index. .

He said failure of delivering inputs at the right time in

required quaoti"tiea;and.at the lowest cost was one of^e major

"constraints in agriculture production in Tanzania. _

The National Agriculture Policy would evolve an efficient

farm inputs procurement and distribution system which would

involve the Ministry of Agriculture, co-operatives, manufacturers and suppliers, he said.

The Principal Secretary said while agricultural credit was an

important, facility for raising productivity through the provision

of inputs, the credit system in Tanzania had not been effectiveHe singled out institutional changes, lack of co-ordination,

the involvement of the Tanzania Rural Development Bank

(TRDB) in JIOII -credit activities and political interferences as

the main reasons failing the credit system in Tanzania.

36
Professor Mbilinyi said the National Agricultural Policy

would ensure that agricultural credit was operated strictly on

commercial principles, cb-operatives were responsible for

disbursement and recovery of credit from small-holders and

large-scale producers operated directly with credit institutions.

To arrest the land tenure problem, Ndugu Mbilinyi said all

land allocated to individuals or institutions would have rights

of occupancy or title deeds.

With regard to villages, he said title deeds could be sublet to

individual village residents and a long-term period of 33 years

would be adopted in the allocation of land for agricultural

development. . ,

He said the National Agriculture Policy would try to solve

the soil and water conservation problem through a series of

measures including compulsory tree planting in every area,

resettlement of people in over-populated .areas and employment

of by-laws governing soil and water conservation.

Ndugu Mbilinyi said the problem of in adequate research and

extension services would be rectified by maintaining an

agricultural .research data bank at national level and consolidating existing research institutions.

.'. On pests and diseases which accounted for substantial preand post-harvest crop losses every year, he said apart from

strengthening and expanding centres for pests monitoring, farmers, marketing and storage personnel would be trained on

best methods of pests and diseases\control.

Ndugu Mbilinyi also said the question of developing

marketing infrastructures and skilled manpower would receive

high priority in the National Agriculture Policy. He said the

marketing system for the major food crops would provide for

lateral trading among co-operatives and liberal distribution to

retail outlets in the villages.

The-role of the National Milling Corporation (MMC) would

consequently be limited to that of a supplier of urban food for

selected commodities, agent for the strategic grain reserve and

buyer of surplus produce for co-operatives. •

He said processing parastatals would purchase raw materials

directly from producers while large-scale producers would sell

their products directly to consumers.

CSO: 3400/1154

37
TANZANIA

MINERALS MINISTRY WORKING ON NEW MINING POLICY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 30 Mar 83 p 3

[Excerpt] THE GOVERNMENT is preparing a new policy for the mining sector which

will protect small scale mining and ensure effective revenue to the Government.

.•'.' The Principal Secretary

iri the .,' Ministry

of Minerals, Ndugu

S.L. Lwakatare, said

yesterday that his

Ministry was working on a

new policy which will guide

mining activities in the

country, but he declined to

say when the new policy

willbe ready.

According to Shihat'a

reports, the policy w;as aimed

at protecting the small scale

mining sector and ensure that

the Government benefited

from the sector. He added

that, the small scale miners

will be protected and the

"pricing system of gems be

reviewed, '1.6;. .motivate ,. the

miners".

Responding to reports from

Chunya that illegal gold

dealers in the area were offering a price of between

1,400/- and 1,600/- instead of

200/- offered by State Mining

Corporation (STAMICO) for

2.2 grams of gold, Ndugu

Lwakatare said, "the new

policy would take such

dealings into account.

He said . the Government

was aware of the illegal gold

dealings in the area and that

his ministry in collaboration

with the Ministry of Home Affairs were working on how to

curb smuggling of the gemstones.

CS0: 3400/1154

38
TANZANIA

KAWAWA PRAISES JUWATA FOR FINANCIAL SELF-RELIANCE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 29 Mar 83 p 1

[Article by Attilio Tagalile]

[Excerpt]

THE CCM Secretary-General, Ndugu Rashidi Kawawa, has praised the Union of Tanzania

Workers (JUWATA) for working out strategies which have enabled the organisation to be

self-reliant financially!

Opening the fifth JUWATA General Council meetingatthe Adult Education Institute on

Lumumba Street in Dar es Salaam yesterday, Ndugu Kawawa said he was impressed to

learn that for the first time JUWATA would not need subsidy from the Party.

Ndugu Kawawa paid glowing tribute to the Organisation for attaining maturity, saying:

"I am especially pleased to learn that with the exception of one, all your projects have been

making, profits".

He called on other :mass

organisations in the country

to emulate JUWATA's example, addding that it was the

hope of the, Party that time

would come when all mass

organisations would be! selfreliant financially." ; K:

On the organisation's

healthy financial position; the

Party Secretary General'«aid

given the present!-economic

position, it was advisable

JUWATA used money

judiciously. ' . '. ." ;

He reminded the meeting

participants that throughout

the world, money was never

sufficient, adding that unless

one used cash sparingly, "we

will always find that

whatever amount of money

we have before us is

inadequate".

CSO; 3400/1154

39
TANZANIA

RESOLUTIONS OF FIFTH JUWATA GENERAL COUNCIL MEETING

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 31 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] THE Tanzania Workers Organisation (JUWATA) has called on employers to

desist from laying off their workers on the pretext of economic difficulties

and instead explore, within the country, alternative sources of raw materials

and spare parts for their industries.

This is one of the key resolutions made by the just ended two-day fifth JUWATA

General Council meeting which was held at the Adult Education Institute, along

Lumumba Street in Dar es Salaam.

The 200-plus delegates to the meeting, closed on Tuesday, noted that solution

to the country's present economic problems lay in the people's deliberate

effort in exploring local resources and not in unilateral lay-offs.

The delegates noted that the policy on industries should be directed toward

the establishment of primary industries which would be engaged in the production of machine tools, spares and raw materials for small scale industries.

They urged more efforts to ensure that educational or training opportunities

for workers are well utilised in a bid to increase efficiency at places of

work.

The delegates called on the government to see to it that all legislations

governing industrial safety are adhered to by respective institutions in the

country.

The meeting also called on JUWATA officials to educate workers on the

importance of industrial safety legislations. They pledged that through

JUWATA, they will continue to remind the government on the need to speed up

review on outdated on industrial safety laws.

On the liberation question, the meeting reiterated its unflinching support to

the Namibian people in their armed struggle, through SWAPO, for selfdetermination.

The delegates paid glowing tribute to the Frontline States for their stand on

the liberation question in southern Africa and called on the states to desist

designs aimed at delaying Namibia's independence.

Uo
On the Middle East question, the delegates reiterated their support to the

Palestinian people in their struggle for self-determination.

They called on the Organisation for African Unity (OAU) member states to

desist from being swayed by imperialists whose objective was to destroy their

organisation.

CSO: 3400/1154

ill
MINISTER ANNOUNCES 1983 NESP PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 30 Mar 83 p 1

[Article by Charles Kizigha]

TANZANIA

[Text] HIGHLIGHTS of the 1983

National Economic Survival

Programme (NESP) — under

whichr tjie. country is expected

to' earn 5.265biifion/- in

foreign exchange have been

announced.

The minister of State for

Planning and Economic Affairs, Professor Kighoma

Malima, told the Daily News

yesterday the money would

enable Tanzania to import

raw materials, spare parts

and essential goods to bolster

agricultural, industrial and

communications sectors.

He:' said the agricultural

sector was expected to

generate 2.7billion/-. Coffee

would bring in 1.2 billion/-,

sisal 211m/-, cotton-423m/-,

cashewnuts 322m/s tea126m/- tobacco-234m/- and

pyrethrum 24m/-.

Professor Malima said

72m/- was expected from

natural resources, industries

— 445m/-, services l.öbillion/-

öthers-100m/- and 3.74m/-

was expected from mineralswith 312m/- coming from

diamonds.

He said achievement of the

1983 NESP target depended

on hard work and serious

follow ups on a daily basis of

all undertakings outlined in

the programme.

The Minister" said performance of the 1982 NESP

target of 6,895.06million/- was

only 50.59 per cent compared

to 85 per cent of the previous

year whose revised target was

6,895milIion/-.

He said performance in

agriculture and minerals sectors was'very high registering

an average of 70 per cent.

Agriculture alone generated

2,374.58million/- compared to

a target of 3,434.97 million/-.

Actual earnings from coffee

amounted to 1,200.00m/-;- -

against a target of l,400.00m/-

; sisal 191.3m/- (330.00m/-);

cotton 356.07m/- (648.07m/-):

cashewnuts 247.56m/-

(448.50m/-); tea — 101.02m/-

(172.00m/-); and, pyrethrum

— 21.56m/- (280.75m/-).

Tobacco brought in some

142.19m/- (280.75m/-); rough

diamonds earned 202.37m/-

(248.00m/-) and polished

diamonds earned 68.48m/-.

against the targetted amount,

of 72m/-.

Prof» Malima said the

natural resources sector performance, was 55 per cent earning the country '47.76m/-

against a target of 88.02m/-.'

Industries generated

245.54m/- against a target of

950.20m/-, representing 25 per

cent in performance.

Services contributed

418.61m/- compared to a

target of 1,530.00m/-;

representing a performance of

27 per cent.

The minister said the

targets were not met partly

because exports depended on

imported inputs of which the

country did not have for lack

of foreign exchange.

On food crop targets the

performance was as low as 44

per cent.Total purchases were

148,713 tonnes against the

targetted amount of 338,710

tonnes.

CSOi 3400/1154 U2
SAREC-UTAFITI AGREEMENT FOR 19Ö2-198U SIGNED IN DAR ES SALAAM

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 30 Mar 83 p 3

TANZANIA

[Excerpt] THE Director of the Swedish

Agency for Research Cooperation with Developing

Countrjes (SAREC) has been

impressed by the competence

and dedication of research institutions in Tanzania despite

the adverse*" economic conditions facing the country.

In an interview in Dar es

Salaam yesterday at the end

of a ten-day tour of the country, Ndugu Lennart Bage said

research institutions in Tanzania were doing their best,

which was an encouraging

sign to financiers in developed

countries.

Ndugu Bage said SAREC

would assist seven new

research projects in the country under an agreement

signed with the Tanzania

National Scientific Research

Council (UTAFITI) covering

the period from 1982 to 1984.

The agreement, concluded

last week between a visiting

SAREC two-man team and

Nutrition Centre (TFNC) and

the Faculty of Agriculture,

Forestry and Veterinary

Sciences at Morogoro.

UTAFITI Director General

Professor Hosea Kayumbo,

put the total Swedish financial assistance to Tanzania's

research institutions at 13

million shillings since a cooperation agreement was first

signed between the two countries in 1976.

Ndugu Bage said the seven

projects are on agro-forestry,

water use by forest plantations, analysis of feed for

domestic livestock, improvement on soya beans,

pasture production and

utilisation, forest research for

water catchment, botany and

research on malaria.

He said UTAFITI would

liaise with other research

institutes expected to benefit

from the funds. The other institutes are Tanzania

Livestock Research

Organisation (TALIRO),

Muhimbili Medical Centre

(MMC), National Institute for

Medical Research (NIMR),

the Tanzania Food and

CSO: 3400/1154

^3
TANZANIA

AISCO TO BE SPLIT INTO TWO INDEPENDENT COMPANIES

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 31 Mar 83 p 1

[Article by Harrison Mwakyembe]

[ Excerpt ] THE Agricultural and Industrial

Supplies Company (AISCO) will

be .split into two' independent

companies in order to inject

flexibility and efficiency into the

country's input supply and

delivery system.

According to a paper on the

"Tanzania national agriculture

policy" presented at the ongoing agriculture policy meeting

Sere yesterday, the presentinput

delivery system was fraught with

many problems including failure

to deliver inputs at the right

time, in required quantities and

least cost.

The paper which was

presented by the Principal

Secretary in the Ministry of

Agriculture, Professor Simon

Mbilinyi, said with the reintroduction of co-operatives

and the attendant measures to

modify the structures and

functions of crop authorities, a

change in the input delivery

system was necessary.

The paper said there would be

two companies — the

Agricultural Supplies Company

(ASCO) and the Industrial

Supplies Company (ISCO).

ASCO, the paper said, will be

under the , Ministry of

Agriculture and would deal with

farm inputs which do not have

specialised organs such as

irrigation pumps and fencing

wires. ' *

The new company which will

be charged with the task of

opening up and running farm

service centres, would have

zonal depots linking cooperative unions and farm

service centres..

CSO: 3400/1154

Uli
TOGO

NATIONAL ECONOMY SEEN FACING DISASTER

Munich SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG in German 18 Mar 83 p 3

^/Article by Stefan Klein: "The Dwarf's Disastrous Ambition for Grandeur.

Investments in Unprofitable Prestige Objects Leave the Small African State

Togo With a Heavy Burden of Debts^/

/Text/ It's the classical pattern: A small» poor developing country experiences

an overnight boom because of a multiple hike of the world market price for one

of its export goods. All of a sudden the money rolls into the treasury and the

future seems bright. Trusting that this will go on forever, they invest

grand style, encouraged by foreign experts - a have-not on its way to an

industrial state. But then, suddenly, the world market price falls as

rapidly as it had gone up; the dream of industrialization becomes a nightmare,

,and the desire for greandeur becomes reality in the debt sector - a would be

giant small again and financially ruined for years to come.

The story about the rise and the fall of the nouveau riche could be written

for many developing countries, but nowhere does it seem to be as typical as

in the case of the West African state Togo. In the formerly German (later

French) colony, which in 1884, on Bismarck's orders, was placed under the

"protectorate" of the German Empire by the Imperial Commissar Gustav Nachtigal, the downfall began in the mid seventies with a sharp rise of the phosphate

price. From 1974 on, phosphate suddenly sold for four times the amount of money

it had brought in before - which could have been a blessing for the geographical

and economic dwarf on the slave coast, if they had managed the sudden wealth

with due caution, and if they had planned carefully with a view to the future.

But it was like an unexpected jackpot in the lottery, which has ruined many a

poor soul. Instead of pinching pennies, as they had always done, they were

going spend big from now on. Good-bye agriculture: For Togo the industrial

age began. A steel plant here, an oil refinery there and, to round it all off,

a series of huge hotels to crank up the tourist business. The Togolese, in

their inexperience, didn't recognize that such projects were several numbers

too large, and their foreign advisors didn't tell them either. On the contrary:

In anticipation of big business they even encouraged the West Africans to their

misfortune. May we offer some more? The West Africans accepted.

Example one: The steel plant. A look at the European steel industry in the

mid seventies would have sufficed to recognize the impossibility of this

h$
project. It is. not yery likely that the Swiss company "Brown, Boyeri & Cie"

(BBC) wasn't informed about the stagnation and the looming crisis in the steel

market. Neyertheless the Swiss eagerly.supplied.the Togolese with an optimistic

study - with the result that they*were permitted to built the steel forge with

a projected annual output of 20,000 tons, and financed through loans by the

Swiss Banking Corporation. And all that in a country which has only

insignificant and uneconomical iron deposits - not to mention the limited

marketing possibilities -• and which must import even the raw material: scrap

iron. Finished in 1979 (construction costs: 92 million marks), the foundry,

which never ran at more than a quarter capacity, has been operating at minimal

capacity for the past two years.

Example two: The refinery. When a country without oil resources of its own

acquires a refinery, then they are frequently motivated by the prospect of

being able to import crude oil, and then export it again at a profit after it

has been processed. So also in Togo's case, where they wanted to refine

crude oil from nearby Nigeria and sell it at a profit on the spot market in

Rotterdam. That this plan, which was realized with the help of British

government loans, turned out to be a "total flop" (so a foreign observer in

Lome), could have been anticipated too, if the spotmarket, with its erratic

and unpredictable price developments, had been assessed realistically, In

1980, two years after it opened, the refinery, which was built by a British

firm, and which should have processed one million tons of crude oil per year,

was shut down.

Example three: Tourism. Even though the classical African attractions,

such as game preserves and jungle, are missing, and even though the 53

kilometer coast line with its strong currents is not exactly an attraction

either, one wanted to enter the tourist business grand style. Today there

are more than 2,000 hotel beds in Lome alone - much too many, as can easily

be seen from the low occupancy rates. Among the four grand hotels, the

"Tropicana" and the "Sarakawa", with an average occupancy of respectively

seventy percent, are best off. The "Hotel du 2 Fe'vrier" (52 presidential

suites, 52 minister suites, four restaurants, a theater, a movie theater, a

gambling casino, a banquet room, a conference room, and 212 private rooms),

whose construction was politically motivated, and which was built as a

conference center, may well be praised by the Togolese as "one of the most

majestic hotels on the continent" - but on the average just barely one fifth

of its rooms are booked.

That the tourist industry in Togo is a subsidized enterprise is, however,

not only a consequence of excess capacities, but also of the fact that

advisors and mediators secure exorbitant commissions for themselves - to the

disadvantage of the state and the Europen tourists too. A Munich attorney,

for example, has managed to establish himself as an "advisor" to the Togolese

Minister for Tourism and, at the same time, to built a monopoly for the

Swiss market as a mediator for the Swiss travel agencies "Balair" and

Hotelplan". The word of the "modern slave traders", who exploit the tourist

sector with the help of native dignitaries, is already making the rounds.

ii6
Of course, Togo probably wouldn't haye been spared the difficulties with

tourism and the bakruptci.es. in the s.teel *-■■ and refinery business, eyen if the

phosphate boom would have lasted. The short bull moyement of only one year,

which abruptly changed all long-term plans and left the small country of not

quite the size of Bayaria with a pile'of debts of almost two and a half billion

marks, had to be all the more devastating.. The end of a dream and a

depressing balance; a practically bankrupt steel plant with short term debts

three times the amount of the working capital, a shut down refinery which is

42 million marks in the red, a deluxe hotel like the "2 Fevrier" which costs

700,000 marks per month in subsidies and, to top it all off, the humuliation

of being pushed back into the class of the poorest developing countries,

from which one had emerged in 1976.

National Disaster

That foreign companies played a fatal role in this disaster has since been

explicitly confirmed for the BBC case by the World Bank. Their judgement

about the feasibility study for the steel plant, which the Swiss supplied at

no charge: "Superficial". That there are, however, other culprits too

could be learned recently from a speech given by the head of state Gnassingbe

Eyadema in which he mercilessly reprimanded the technocrats of his country,

and accused them of incompetence, corruption and indifference to the wellbeing of the people. "The only thin that interests them is their glass of

wine" the president snarled wrathfully. f With fiascos like those of the

steel plant and the refinery, said Eyadema, this "clique of upstarts" who,

in the president's words, use the "most insidious methods" to serve their

own interest virtually push the country into bankruptcy.

Of course, a good deal of this harsh criticism falls back on Eyadema himself.

The 44^year old dictator, who came to power in a bloodless coup on 13

January, 1967, represents an "authoritarian regime with certain domains of

enlightenment", to use the words of a Lome diplomat. Wherever this

enlightenment may be hiding - it certainly doesn't show in the relationship

between the state (i.e. the president) and its citizens. This relationship

is characterized above all by absolutistic tendencies: General Evadema, who

feels ties of friendship with the Bavarian Prime Minister Strauss, is untouchable, beyond every kind of criticism and, above all, surrounded by a

certain mystic aura ever since he survived a plain crash on January 24, 1974

with only minor injuries.

Such a man, however, who is believed, and not only by the bishop Bakpessi, to

be in league with the Allmighty, is in all his power and his glory easily

susceptible to wrong decisions and errors- simply because, he grants himself the

luxury of prohibiting criticism and making his own mental horizon the

exclusive measure of all things. Instead of employing and using the Togolese

elite for the development of his country, he listens to the insinuations of

obscure advisors. Instead of delegating work to the department heads in his

cabinet, he wants to do everything himself - with the consequence that the

ministers "walk around like school boys with only one goal in mind: to do

everything to please the patron" as one diplomat observed.

1*7
In such a climate of fear, submiasiyeness, and hypocracy on the one hand and

of unpredictable woods, and ijnpuls.iye decisions, on the other hand, rationality

has got to get the short end,' The example of the industrial rum of Togo way

show the results.. Of course, the two and a half -jrallion Togolese are still

rather well off by comparison, and they don't starve; of coursevfrow the

point of view of the poor neighbor Ghana, the state capital, Lowe, ^.still

a paradise for shoppers; of course, Eyade^a is doubtlessly popular with the

people: - but ever since they burdened thewselyes, through misguided investments in unprofitable prestige objects, with a load of debts much too-heavy

for the small country, the political and economical latitude of the state,

the people, and the lonely ruler, has decreased to the size of a bottleneck.

12196

CSO: 3420/7

U8
UGANDA

BRIEFS

ASSASSINATIONS IN KAMPALA—Murder of an Opponent. —The body of Mr Raj ab Lutaaya,

member of the Democratic Party (opposition), was found on Sunday, 17 April in a

ditch in Kampala. Rajab Lutaaya had been interrogated at his home 3 days

earlier by men wearing the uniform of the special services according to the

Tuesday, 19 April, issue of the daily MUNNO. This murder is the most recent

in Kampala, where 16 assassinations have taken place since Friday.1—(REUTER).

[Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French 21 Apr 83 p 3]

CSO: 3419/807

h9
RECENT UNSUCCESSFUL COUP ATTEMPT EXAMINED

UPPER yOLTA

London WEST AFRICA in English 28 Mar 83 pp 770-71

[Text] WHEN QUESTIONED about the recent

failed coup attempt in Upper Volta, President Ouedraogo said: "Since our regime

makes many people uneasy, it is quite

normal that people should plan this sort of

reaction." A very calm reply, and while it

is true that the attempted coup d'etat was

probably doomed to failure from the outset, it must nevertheless have come as a

jolt to the country's military rulers, reminding them of what everybody else was

very much aware of: that the base of

support for the Conseil de Salut du Peuple

(CSP), both within the army and amongst

the population, is small and fragile.

The balance the CSP has to find is

between moving fast enough to accomplish

their professed aims within the two-year

period they have set themselves, and not

moving so fast on all fronts that they end

up frightening everybody.

The coup, which was planned to take

place early this month, was organised by a

group of about a dozen soldiers. Others

were asked to participate but apparently

declined, and it was probably one of these

others who warned the CSP of the plan;

few details are officially available but the

independent daily I'Observateur estimates

that 19 soldiers in total were arrested.

A couple of weeks after the coup was

planned to happen, the arrests took place

of four politicians. It is still unclear

whether the CSP thinks they were involved

with this specific coup attempt, but their

arrests were indicative of the general sense

of insecurity prevalent among the present

rulers. The arrested politicians were: MM.

Joseph Ouedraogo, former President of

the National Assembly and Political

Secretary of the (proscribed) Front Progressiste Voltaique (FPV) founded by Professor Ki-Zerbo; Albert Patouin Ouedraogo, a former Minister of National,

Education under President Zerbo;

Frederic Guirma, a UN Ambassador, and

Francois Tinoaga Kabore, a businessman.

The coup plan had been to machine-gun

the General Assembly of the CSP on

February 28, but the absence of the Prime

Minister, Captain Thomas Sankara (who

had extended a visit to Libya), persuaded

the plotters to wait. They were picked up

in the interim.

Masterminds ;

and worries

The aim of the coup was simple: to

reinstate Saye Zerbo's regime. Motives,

however, seem to have been mixed: one of

the plotters was a relative of Nezien

Badembie, the murdered Minister of the

Interior under Zerbo, and revenge was

clearly involved. But another of the plot

leaders was Commandant Ambroise

Kagembega who was seen as a rival candidate to Jean-Baptiste Ouedraogo for the

presidency following the successful coup of

November 7 last year. The masterminds

behind the coup were said by official

sources to be Commandants Ambroise

Kagembega and Sie Appolinaire Kambou,

and Lieutenants Boureima Yugo and

Dubidie Kaba.

The CSP regularly stresses that there will

be a fundamental restructuring of the

Voltaic Armed Forces: this is intensifying'

the worry within certain sections of the

army, and this abortive coup was certainly

not the only one being planned in the

SO
barracks.

The general public was not made aware

of the planned coup until two days after the

plotters had been seized. There was a

greater military presence on the streets of

Ouagadougou, but otherwise no sign that

anything was amiss. However, public speculation about the direction of the regime

has intensified following the Prime Minister's recent foreign tours. After spending a

day in Niger recently, he flew on to Tripoli

for five days as a guest of the Jamahiyira.

After the non-aligned summit in New

Delhi, Captain Sankara continued on to

Pyong yang, the capital of North Korea,

again for five days. The visits to Libya and

North Korea were official, and in the

capital cities, buildings displayed giant

sized portraits of the Voltaic Prime Minister.

Given the evident frailty of the CSP's

position these visits were perhaps premature, and the anti-imperialist rhetoric surrounding them has led to unhappy editorial

rumblings in the local press about "the

socialistic path".

Reassurance to

businessmen

The arrival of a Libyan transport plane

at Ouagadougou airport during curfew

hours shortly after Sankara's return also

set tongues wagging. While the Prime

Minister was still in North Korea, President Ouedraogo went out of his way to

defuse this unease. He said that both

Presidents Zerbo and Lamizana had visited

Libya, and this was no more than "a

routine visit, a kind of courtesy call and I

think that we must not try to see anything

beyond that". He said "there should be no

talk of setting up a Voltaic Jamahiriya".

The day before, President Ouedraogo

spoke to the National Council of Voltaic

Employers in an attempt to reassure them

about the implications of the CSP's chosen

path. As far as they were concerned,

"private initiative will be maintained . . .

you are the primary motor of the country's

economic activity". The reassurance to

businessmen assumed an added significance in the context of official claims that

the arrested politicians had been lobbying

the small business class. The politicians,

according to a national radio commentary,

warned businessmen that the CSP intended

to "expropriate their villas".

The voice

of the people

Continuing attempts have been made to

gain support from other sections of the

population. CSP members recently visited

four different regions of the country (Est,

Centre-Nord, Volta Noire, Sud-Ouest).

They hoped to encourage a sense of

political awareness. Instead, they were

presented with the standard list of complaints; no health or educational facilities,

no water, bad roads. Their replies were

generally vague or evasive, and those

villagers who had bothered to turn out

were for the most part dissatisfied at being

told that they had to consider themselves

responsible for development in their own

region.

The visits were all led by junior members

of the CSP in a deliberate attempt to avoid

personality cults, but to villagers used to

President Zerbo's regular tours, this was

considered very much of a second-best.

Anxiety persists at all levels of the

population, and will continue to do so until

the CSP decides exactly what it is trying to

achieve during its two years of power.

They talk of doing away with corruption,

and of a complete reorganisation of the

structures of the State and of the armed

forces; the overriding message they strive

to give is that le peuple est responsable

("The people are responsible"). But what

exactly does this mean?

A return to a constitutional path is

planned by November 1984, but it is not

clear whether they plan a return to the type

of democracy which General Lamizana

presided over, or whether the Prime Minister's recent foreign visits imply a move

towards some completely different form of

popular representation.

Despite two-and-a-half-years of military

rule with all political parties banned, the

two most important parties in the country

remain the Parti Democratique Voltaique/

Rassemblement Democratique Africaine

(PDV/RDA) and the Front Progressiste

Voltaique. The CSP's assessment of these

two parties is not good as the arrests

described above show: Lamizana threw in

his lot with the RDA, and failed; Zerbo,

they say, was planning a close alignment

with the FPV. If these options are rejected

by the CSP, then it is natural for people to

wonder if they plan some other more

effective way for "the voice of the people"

to be heard.

CSO: 3400/1163

5i
LABOR, MANAGEMENT CONFRONTATIONS 'LOOMING'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 Apr 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] A CONFRONTATION between some

trade unions and managements of various

companies is looming over salary increases

and better housing for workers.

The Railway Workers Union of Zambia has given

Zambia Railways management a one-month ultimatum

in which to effect a 100 per cent wage increase for

railway workers or face the consequence.

And the Zambia National Union of Teachers has told tr

Government to solve teachers' housing problem quickly or f /

"unbearable situation".

The Zambia Union of Financial Institutions and Allied

Workers has told its members

to expect a 25 per cent salary

increase "soon" — ignoring

the Government's five per cent

ceiling on wage rises.

Kabwe branch chairman of

RWUZ Mr Maxwell Mliswa

said:in Kabwe yesterday: "If

they want respect from us let

them heed this timely warning

and give us what we want

otherwise no money, no

peace."

Mr Mliswa said in a statement the ultimatum was supported by the union executive

and comes in the wake of rising

cost of living caused by the

decontrol of prices.

The union had noted the

"wanton destruction" of the

company by managers and

senior supervisors.

He accused the company

general manager Mr Basil

Monze of allegedly allowing

the, situation to worsen by not

taking action against culprits.

Mr Mliswa cited the case of

nine new cars for managers

which had been damaged

shortly after their arrival while

the company repeatedly told

workers it had no money to

give them.

"It is against this background that we are demanding

100 per cent salary increases

for our members because we

know the company is capable

of paying. There will be trouble if our demand is not met

within one month."

Mr Mliswa said the union's

national executive and the

railways management started

salary negotiations abov

five per cent Governmeni ^Jv

freeze yesterday. A company

spokesman confirmed the talks

between the two parties yesterday afternoon.

The Hotel Catering Workers

Union said unless hotel

management paid increased

wages and salaries for its

members agreed upon last

January, the union should not

be held responsible for any

action the workers might take.

Union chairman Mr Kenan

Musesa issued the warning in

Lusaka yesterday following

what he described as unwarranted delays over the payment of workers' wages and

salaries.

The union and management

agreed at the conclusion of

a collective agreement

new 14 per cent oav increase.

for grades one and two, 11 per

cent for grades three to four

and ten per cent for grades

five, to seven, should be.

effected.

But since the accord was

signed none of the employers

has paid its workers and

patience among the workers

was running out.

In Chingola more than 300

teachers have resolved to go

on strike when schools re-open

on May 9, in protest against

the shortage of housing.

The teachers, who met last

week at Kabundi Primary

School, had earlier agreed to

down chalks immediately, but

changed the timing to May so

that their strike could be felt.

Chairman of Zambia National Union of Teachers Nchanga area Mr Ellison Munkokweza advised the teachers

to start their strike next month

as it was an appropriate time.

ZNUT headquarters in Lusaka has warned the Government the situation would become critical if the teachers'

housing problem was not

solved quickly.

ZN UT financial secretary

Mr Lason Kawaya issued the

warning when he addressed a

general meeting of the union

52
in Mumbwa at the weekend.

Although officials had held

several consultative meetings

with the Ministry of General

Education and Culture to find

ways of solving the problem,

"there seems no easy and

possible solutions forthcoming

to this explosive issue."

In Mufulira, Zana reports'

that the ZUFIAW has negotiated for 25 per cent salary

increments for its members.

The negotiations for salary

increases is contained in;the

minutes of the general meeting of the union's Mufulira

branch held in the Barclays

Bank staff canteen on March

17.

According to the minutes,

ZUFIAW national treasurer

Mr Amos Syamusana, who

was guest speaker, told his

members the union had finalised negotiations with employers for 25 per cent salary

increases "whose fruits were

expected soon."

The matter was now before

the Industrial Relations Court

in Lusaka for ratification.

Under the agreement, 15

per cent would be paid this

year and ten per cent next

vear.

In Kasama a ZNUT official

said at the weekend it was

illogical to announce budgets

and price increases of goods

every year without considering

the position of a worker

whose salary had remained

stagnant for years.

CSO: 3^00/1165

53
ZAMBIA

RAILWAY WORKERS UNION CHAIRMAN SUSPENDED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 Apr 83 p 5

[Excerpt] NATIONAL chairman of the Railway Workers' Union of Zambia Mr Dominic

Katwishi has been suspended for two months with immediate effect.

Also suspended for 12 days is the union's assistant general secretary Mr Asson

Chewe who is in charge of Tazara workers based in Mpika.

The suspensions have been confirmed by union general secretary Mr Kingsfred

Malamba and Mr Katwishi himself. Mr Malamba could not reveal reasons for the

action which was made by the union's national executive committee on March 30.

The reasons were contained in letters sent to suspended officials and copied

to union branches and the Ministry of Labour and Social Services "according to

the procedure".

Mr Katwishi said in Kabwe yesterday he had not received the letter and was only

informed of the suspension "verbally by the executive" last Wednesday. "I

have not been told the reason for the suspension."

But Mr Katwishi was not worried by the suspension and his conscience was clear.

Mr Katwishi and the other members of the executive were returned to another

four-year term of office during the union's quadrennial conference which took

place in Mpika early last year.

During the same meeting at which Mr Katwishi and Mr Chewe were suspended, the

union executive appealed to Zambia Railways general manager Mr- Basil Monze,

the company's board of directors and the Ministry of Power, Transport and Communications to stop the "rampant indiscipline, thefts and misuse of railway

property and resources by unscrupulous privileged employees".

It urged the company management to introduce strict cost saving measures to

eliminate luxurious and unnecessary expenditure "enjoyed by a few employees at

the top which not only reduces the meagre resources and profits of the company

but also threatens job security of workers and renders equitable wealth distribution through collective bargaining impotent".

CSO: 3400/1165
ZAMBIA

COMMERCIAL BANKS IMPOSE CREDIT CEILINGS ON INDIVIDUAL LOANS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 7 Apr 83 p 1

[Text] COMMERCIAL banks have imposed credit ceilings on individual loans and

overdrafts indefinitely as part of the conditions set by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its latest standby loan facility to Zambia.

The clampdown follows directives to the commercial banks by the Bank of Zambia

which has also determined the credit ceilings for individual banks.

Confirming this in Lusaka yesterday, Barclays Bank managing director Mr Derrick

Mason said the restriction had been in force for two months now.

The measure places particular hardship on individuals seeking excess loan or

overdraft facilities above their regular arrangements.

Commercial banks can only give out loans and overdrafts within the figures set

for them by the central bank for the duration of the restriction.

Mr Mason said each bank had received its own credit ceiling as determined by

the Bank of Zambia which were confidential.

Banks would only be allowed to provide loans or overdrafts within the Bank of

Zambia ceiling.

This is the second time a credit ceiling has been imposed over banks. The first

was when Zambia clinched the 1978 IMF loan.

"We have worked under this arrangement before and I'm sure its going to work

out this time too."

The IMF conditions on credit ceilings were confirmed in the Budget speech presented by Prime Minister and Finance Minister Mundia to the National Assembly

in January.

The Government negotiated for a loan of K820 million, but K518 million was not

released until Zambia had fulfilled the conditions.

In his speech, Mr Mundia had said:

"The programme was subject to performance creteria which had to be fulfilled

before additional drawings could be made. Payments arrears were not reduced

to the agreed level."
On the credit ceiling, Mr. Mundia added: "Secondly, the pre-agreed limits on

credit ceilings were exceeded, not to the Government, but to the rest of the

economy."

The Government is known to have been relying heavily on bank borrowing. During

last year a budget deficit of K316.33 million was financed by local borrowings

for K84.20 million, external loans of K80.47 million and direct bank borrowing

of K151.66 million.

"Internal loans" come from the non-banking houses like the National Provident

Fund and the Zambia State Insurance Corporation.

The tough IMF conditions are parallel to other demands that expenditure on

public service should be prunned.

In effect, what the ceiling on overdraft means is that funds will be disbursed

on the productive sectors. Under such arrangements corporate firms are not

affected as their credit worthiness is controlled by law pegged to their share

capital.

There was a likelihood more measures might be introduced and commercial banks

were waiting for more information from the central bank.

In Ndola, the Arusha Street branch of Barclays Bank has put up a notice informing customers of restrictions imposed on lending facilities.

"In order to comply with the Bank of Zambia's directives, it is necessary for

me to ask you to strictly observe arrangements made for overdrafts and loans,"

a notice by the branch manager reads.

It says while the bank would discuss approaches for fresh overdrafts and loans

with customers, it had to be made clear that the present position left "no

room whatsoever" for the bank to make such facilities available in the immediate

future.

"Discussions will only take place with a view to provide assistance when the

bank has room to manoeuvre within the limits laid by the Bank of Zambia.

"While normally the bank would allow customers occasional excesses dependong on

their needs, the new restrictions allow no variations from agreed figures which

will be strictly adhered to."

CSO: 3400/1165

%
ZAMBIA

IFC SUING PRIME MINISTER FOR ALLEGED FAILURE TO REPAY 1974 LOAN

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 7 Apr 83 p 1

[Text] PRIME MINISTER Nalumino Mundia is being sued by the Industrial Finance

Company (IFC) which is now in liquidation for allegedly non-payment of a loan

of nearly K20,000 which he obtained in 1974.

According to a statement of claim before the Lusaka High Court, Mr Mundia's

loan was obtained through hire purchase of a Ford truck and a block-making

machine.

But in his defence, Mr Mundia admits having bought the mentioned items on hire

purchase from IFC but claims that they were paid for by the National Commercial

Bank.

The case which was supposed to come up for hearing yesterday before Mr Justice

Ernest Sakala was adjourned in chambers to June 1.

According to the statement of claim filed in the civil suit by IFC, the company,

by agreement in writing on April 9, 1974, lent to Mr Mundia on hire purchase a

Ford truck NO AAA 9317 and a trailer NO.AAA93187.

Mr Mundia agreed under the agreement to hire purchase price in monthly instalments of K626.54 starting on May 9, 1974, the full price of the truck and trailer being K15.086.96.

By another agreement in writing dated September 27, 1974, IFC let out to Mr

Mundia on hire purchase a V5 block-making machine worth K5.902.56 which was to

be repaid by 24 monthly instalments of K245.94.

IFC claims that to date, Mr Mundia had only paid three instalments on the

agreement for the truck totalling Kl,879.62 and none has been paid on the blockmaking machine.

"The defendant has failed or neglected to pay the interest," the statement of

claims filed through Jacques and Partners says.

The statement continues: "The plaintiff therefore claims; K13.157-34 and

K5,902.56 respectively on both hire purchase agreements, interest in accordance

to the agreements and costs."

In his defence, Mr Mundia, who is represented by Mr Ben Ngenda admits buying

57
the Ford truck on hire purchase but states that the purchase price was K15,036.96

as opposed to K15,086.96.

The defendant; however, admits that he was to pay for the ford truck in 24

monthly instalments of K626.54.

Mr Mundia further admits buying the block-making machine and the agreement

worked out.

But he denied that he had only paid three instalments for the truck and none

for the block-making machine. He adds that he had not failed or neglected to

pay the interest.

"The defendant will aver that his indebtedness to the plaintiff (IFC) was fully

discharged by payments effected through'the National Commercial Bank", Mr,Mundia' s statement says.

CSO: 3400/1165

58
ZULU CALLS FOR TRADE RELATIONS WITH ZAIRE TO END SMUGGLING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 7 Apr 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] SECRETARY of" State for

Defence and Security Zulu,

has called for the establishment of trade relations with

Zaire to end cross-border

smuggling.

Mr Zulu made the call when

he addressed customs,

immigration and police officers at Sakania border post

near Ndola yesterday.

. Mr Zulu who has been on

the Copperbelt since Monday

during which he has been

holding meetings with Party

and Government officials on

the security of the country,

said Zambia would like to

exchange goods with her

neighbours but this trade must

be legitimate trade.

He said trade between

neighbouring countries should

be organised to elimate

suspicions among people.

The defence and security

chief told the officers to be.

dedicated tö thetr duties and'

fight smuggling and ensure

that only genuine businessmen and other people with

proper travelling documents

entered Zambia.

The Government, he said,

attached great importance to

the work of immigration and

customs officers as they were

in the frontline of Zambia's

defence.

"Zaire is a friendly country

and we would like this friendship to grow from strength to

strength, but this does not

mean that people should visit

Zambia at will."

Zambians and Zaireans

should follow the procedures

and respect each other's laws

by getting permits to allow

them to travel between the two

points.

Mr Zulu advised the officers

at the border post not to

succumb to the temptations of

corruption.

CSO: 3400/1165

59
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

MINISTER ON ECONOMY—ZAMBIA'S economy will not recover overnight even if the

copper prices shoot up dramatically on the London Metal Exchange, Minister of

State for Foreign Affairs, Mr Otema Musuka said in Lusaka yesterday. This was

because the economy was heavily dependent on developed economics in many other

areas. Speaking to an Indian delegation which paid a courtesy call at his office yesterday, Musuka said it would be wrong to suggest that as soon as copper

prices went up everything in Zambia would instantly be well. He said there

were many needs for Zambia which could not be met overnight. [Excerpt]

[Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 7 Apr 83 p 5]

INDIA 'BIGGEST TRADING PARTNER'—INDIA'S trade with Zambia is in the region of

K100 million, high commissioner to Zambia Mr Amanarth Ram reported at the weekend. Speaking at a cultural evening organised by the Zambia India Friendship

Association (ZIFA) at Kitwe's Hindu.hall Mr Ram said; "India has emerged as

Zambia's biggest trading partner with trade in the region of K100 million."

[Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 Apr 83 p 2]

INDIAN TRADE DELEGATION—A SIX-MAN delegation from India arrived yesterday to

discuss, economic and trade agreements. Indian Deputy High Commissioner, Mr

Shiv Mukherjee yesterday said the delegation will discuss ways of speeding up

decisions taken on various projects between the two countries. The delegation

is led by Mr Prakesh Anand of the Ministry of Commerce and comprises officials

from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Finance and Export, Credit and Guarantee

Corporation. [Text] [Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 6 Apr 83 p 1]

FAO FAMINE RELIEF DONATION—OFFICERS engaged in the distribution of food to the

famine stricken areas of Gwenbe Valley should be trusted and distribute all commodities equally, District Governor, Mr Nicholas Nchimunya said yesterday. Mr

Nchmunya who was addressing the first district development committee meeting at

Munyumbwe said he would not tolerate officers who mishandled the food because

the situation in Gwembe was serious. The governor who thanked the villagers

for their patience said he was happy with the response from charitable organisations who had assisted the people in the area. He said the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) had donated 7,200 bags of maize which will be distributed to about 18,000 people in the valley. He said that with such large

amounts of food coming in, people should be honest in carrying out their duties,

adding that the masses will be watching how the food was being distributed.

[Excerpt] [Lusaka DAILY. MAIL in English 5 Apr 83 p 3]

SIDO MEMBERS TO FRG—TEN ZAMBIAN small scale entrepreneurs will in July attend

a two-week international seminar on industrial management in West Germany,

Small Scale Industry Development Organisation [SIDO], director, Dr Chiselebwe

60
Ng'andwe said in Lusaka yesterday. Dr Ng'andwe said his organisation is still

to process the final list of the businessment who will attend the seminar which

is being organised by the Friedrich Ebert Foundation. The SIDO is, however,

expecting to send businessmen who are presently involved in shoe making, foundry, general chemical industry, candle and soap manufacturing, Dr Ng'andwe said.

"The people the organisation is likely to nominate for the seminar are those

who have already been in their businesses for well over two years," he explained.

Dr Ng'andwe said the seminar is expected to act as an eye-opener into industrial

management. [Excerpt] [Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 5 Apr 83 p 7]

WAGE INCREASE REQUEST—THE National Union of Plantation and Agricultural Workers

will press for a 100 per cent wage rise for its members to help them cope with

the high cost of living, union chairman Mr Jackson Ikowa and his general secretary Mr Stephen Silwimba said yesterday. Speaking at their head office in

Kabwe, the two officials rejected the five per cent wage rise ceiling imposed

by the Government and described it as a drop in the ocean. "After decontrolling prices, everything has gone up by more than 100 per cent. How can they

restrict wage negotiations to five per cent as if prices have gone up by five

per cent?" Mr Silwimba asked. In terms of real money value, five per cent

increase to farm workers only meant an increase of one ngwee because they were

the lowest paid. "So, farm employers should be ready for us." Newstead Zimba

demanded an immediate meeting with the Government on the issue and warned that

failure to arrange this meeting, they would seek an audience with President

Kaunda. The agricultural workers union joins other unions which have demanded

better pay or improve housing for their members and threatened industrial

action if their demands were not met by managements. [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES

OF ZAMBIA in English 6 Apr 83 p 5]

ZULU WARNS AGAINST THREATS—SECRETARY of State for Defence and Security Zulu

has warned the labour movement against issuing threats to back up demands for

salary increases for workers in Zambia. Mr Zulu said the Party and its Government appreciated demands by the labour movement that workers should be given

reasonable increments to meet the soaring cost of living but this should be

done in a manner that did not threaten peace in Zambia. The security chief

told Party leaders during a meeting at Ndola's Broadway cinema yesterday that

the wish of the labour movement to improve the workers' living standards was

also the dream of the Party and its Government. "What they are fighting for

is also our dream. But whatever we do, let us do it peacefully because once

peace is lost it. will be difficult to build." [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF

ZAMBIA in English 6 Apr 83 p 1]

CSO: 3400/1165 END

61