In opposition to this policy, there is what can be called the ‘Kennedy approach,
with its insistence on, among other things, disinvestment. The American
government should show its deep aversion to South African policy by banning
“American investment in. South Africa.

This is obviously an appeal to what is held up as moral considerations, while
at ‘the same time this policy is supported by isolationism, by the idea that
the United States itself should not intervene. directly in South Africa, but
should push the country towards change through-outside pressure.

Tensioas

This can perhaps be termed a policy of “destructive disengagement.". But it
is highly doubtful that the United States could remain uninvolved as a result
of such a policy. Rather on the contrary. This would result almost. inevitably
in increasingly greater American involvement in South Africa. In fact, it
would be no exaggeration to say that South Africa could in. this way become
something like ‘a second Vietnam for the United States.
The far-reaching consequences of disinvestment and other punitive measures

- could generate sharp tensions in South Africa. It is not inconceivable that
it could-lead to a struggle between black and white.

“The United States would not be able to stay out of this. It would not be able
to because of the danger that the Soviet Union could intervene. But even more
so, it could not stay out because blacks in the United States, whose votes
have become important, especially for the Democratic Party, would not tolerate
it. .

Even if it were not to come to such a conflict in South Africa, measures such
as these could bring about a deterioration in the country's economy, through
which blacks would suffer most of all, regardless of how many people argue -
the opposite. The American government again would not be permitted to look
on and would be forced to play an increasingly active role in South Africa.

Division

The Americans were finally. able to pull out of Vietnam and Leave. that country
to its fate because there were too few people in the United States who could

stand up for Vietnam. But if things go wrong for blacks in South Africa, as

would be the inevitable consequence of disinvestment and other punitive mea-

sures, black voters in the United States would force the government to inter-
vene in South Africa to am ever greater extent.

Just as the United States cannot get rid of Israel because American Jews will
not allow it, in the same way the United States would not be able to get rid
of South Africa because blacks, who have more votes than Jews, will not toler-
ate it. In the long run, South Africa could become an important--and sharply
divisive—factor in American politics, much as Vietnam impaired American poli-
tics and even the life of the people in the 1960s.

12271

CSO: 3401/93 36

r


into 444 feeding points. At the Kezi Hospital feeding centre, there were 292
feeding points with 3 600 children. Tshelanyemba centre had 105 feeding

points and 6 324 children, They were 47 feeding points at the Matopo rural
centre where 3 120 children were being fed. He said 28 nutrition gardens had
been set up and citrus trees grown at Senkonjane, Kezi and Mbembeswane clinics’.
to help alleviate malnutrition.. Groundnuts and beans were also grown. (Text]
(Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Feb 85 p 3] .

STATE OPTION ON FARMLAND--NO privately owned farmland will be sold without ©
first being offered tothe Government should Parliament approve a Bill to

replace the Land Acquisition Act of 1979. While the proposed new Act keeps

* many sections of ‘the old Act there are several important differences, accord-
ing to the Bill which was gazetted on Friday. The reasons for acquisition
have been slightly tightened. As before the President may acquire land in

_the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality, public ©
health, town and country planning, and for a purpose beneficial to the public
generally, or some section of it. Previously he could acquire land for settle-
ment for agricultural purposes. He now has this right only when the land is
under-utilised. If there is no agreement about the under-use of the and the
Administrative Court will look at use over the previous three years taking
into consideration the exteat of development in the neighbourhood and other
appropriate matters. A memorandum to the Bill says the repeal of the present
section 17 of the Act will rélieve.the Government of the wrongly-imposed ob-
ligation to pay compensation in foreign exchange for land acquired from Zim-
babwean citizens and residents under the terms of the title deeds. [Text]
[Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Feb 85 p-1] ~

FIRST BLACK FLYING INSTRUCTORS--HARARE--The Zimbabwean Air Force's (AFZ)
first three fully qualified black flying instructors took to the skies this
week. At a ceremony at Thornhill Air Force Base outside Gweru, scene three
years ago of the disastrous sabotage of air force jets, the force's Pakistani
commander, Air Marshal Azim Daudpota, said that in six years’ time it would
be entirely self-sufficient in training. -One white instructor, Flight Lieu-
tenant Alan Haffrey, qualified along with Squadron Leaders Mile Moyo, Elson
Moyo, and Freddie Vinyu who received the AFZ Commander's Trophy for the best
student. Most of the AFZ's white pilots and technicians left.the force after
the Thornhill bombings, when six air force officers, including several senior
commanders, were arrested and charged with complicity. They were acquitted
and released after an international outcry. [Michael Hartnack] [Text] [Cape
Town CAPE TIMES in English 72 Feb 85 p 7]

cso: 3400/7721 END

120



f
| JPRS#SSA#852027
4 april 1985

us, MOZAMBIQUE

RENAMO ‘SPOKESMAN COMMENTS ON DEVELOPMENTS: IN AFRICA : - .
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Jan 85 p26. -0~=C : oo -

{Interview with Jorge Correia, European representative of the RENAMO, by.
Leonor Ribeiro in Oporto; date not given]

[Text] In a calm and peaceful atmosphere, we talked with Jorge Correia, the
European representative of the RENAMO and spokesman for the organization, who,
granted us an interview in which he commented on the most recent reports
published concerning the guerrilla war in Mozambique. He also clarified ‘the
_political-military situation of his movement, and he concluded by ‘stating that
South Africa and some Western countries are responsible for the continuation
_ of the FRELIMO system in Mozambique.

TEMPO: In recent days, Portuguese newspapers have reported the deaths of two
British citizens, caused by-the RENAMO. Does that organization take respon-
sibility for the deaths of these civilians?

Jorge Correia: War is waged by the military. Civilians become accidental
victims in the process. We are a democratic organization struggling for the
freedom of the country. First of all, I want to stress that the death of the
British citizens was reported by the MOZAMBIQUE INFORMATION AGENCY (AIM).

The road communications in Mozambique are entirely under our control. There-
fore any military column attempting to move is obviously subject to attack by
our forces.

Any civilian, be he a Mozambican or a foreigner, can only move outside Maputo
in a military column. The heights of sadism and barbarism reported by the AIM
are characteristic of the counterguerrilla units trained by the North Koreans,
called "cleanup" units, whichwere responsible, for example, for the death of
the two Italian cooperative workers in September of 1984. The RENAMO wants to
make it very clear that the practice of such acts is not characteristic of it,
since terrorism in its most primitive and bloody form was institutionalized by
the _FRELIMO.

- TEMPO: At this time, “what is the political and military position of the
RENAMO in Mozambique?

22



NOTE” ©

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign

newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency

transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language

sources are translated; those from English-language sources

are transcribed-or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
+. other characteristics retained.

- - . Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets .
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing-indicators such as [Text]
ot [Excerpt] in the first line ofeach item, or following the

* last Line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names-rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied.as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical. notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are.as~
given by source. - .

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia’ 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical

. Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



and were asking how
they could say. they
wanted to “liberate the
Naebeles", when they
were being supported by
South "Antica which had
practically turned the
blacks

peop!
thers {3 no chance the
dissidents can overthrow
the Government by force,”
ne said. “What they can
only achieve is misery,
suffering and strife’ ama-
omg the people, end many
Peeple understand this.
security forces
should quickly move into
these areas to protect
the people, because ‘as
election fever intensifies
we expect that there will
be more dissident activi-
ties to try to disrupt the
élections”.

“But if the activities
of the dissidents spread
they will be putting o
nail in the coffin of Zapu

approa
dissidents were origina!
ing from: Bulawayo.
“These are people who
by ‘day work in town,

cso: 3400/771

116

Poze aald the party knew
for certain that the at-
tack on the Zeou (PF)

wayo.

But all those were des-
perate moves ‘ny a de-
caying organisation”, he
said, “because even if they
win some seats in Matabe-
land, Zapu has no future

because the party has

run out of

to offer the people”.

‘The people were seeing
that each tme a sctiool
was burnt down by dissi-
dents and each time bore-
hole drilling equip-
ment was destroyed they
were the ones who suf-
fered.

“We have told them
that if they went to other

of the country, in
naland or Masvingo,

they would see that there
was tremendous progress
in education, health and
resettlement program-
mes.” ‘They would also
see that other people
‘were. living in peace ~

_ while they had nothing

but strife.

“We have told them
that if Matabeleland con~
tinues to be plagued by
disaidents, it would really
push the Ndebele popula-
tion into a lunatic fringe
which would totally ex-
clude’ them from the poll-
tical process of the coun-
try and reduce them into
a people who are policed,
guarded and permanently
eccunied by the army.”

It was not a question
of choosing between @
Shona or 3 Ndebele lesd-
er, because Zann (PF)

“own children”



JPRS#SSAR85-027 ©
4 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GROWTH OF VARIOUS ‘COMPANIES DESCRIBED
Cape Town DIZ BURGER in Afrikaans 19 Jan 85 p 11
[Article: "SASOL Now the Largest Industrial Company" ]

[Text] Johannesburg—-SASOL [South African Coal, Oil and
Gas Corporation] surpassed Barlow Rand last year as South
Africa's largest financial or industrial company, based
on uarket value. However, Anglo American remains the
country’ s largest group, although it has come under heavy ~-
pressure from a gold.mine in the Gold Fields group.

This information has emerged from the yearly top 50 analysis by the zd Hern,
Rudolph brokerage group of. the market capitalization of noted: companies on
the Johannesburg Stock Exchange, as well as of the top companies’ yearly
return.

SASOL's market capitalization rose last year from 1.9142 billion to 3.15
billion rands, which pushed this chemical giant from third to first place
among the 50 largest industrial groups. ‘
Barlows fell from first to third place because its market value dropped from
2.1505 billion to 1.8019 billion rands. SA Brouerye remained in second place
with a’ market value that shrunk from 2.0481 billion to 1.3058 billion rands.

Remgro

Another group that moved ahead remarkably was Dr Anto Rupert's Rembrandt
(Remgro). It climbed from eighth to fourth place after its market value grew
from 1.2136 billion to 1.566 billion rands.

Amic, Anglo's industrial branch, moved up from seventh to fifth place, in
spite of a slight drop in its market capitalization to 1.2534 billion rands,
while its sister company, AECI, stayed in sixth place with a value of
1.1909 billion rands.

Nedbank fell from fourth to seventh place because its value decreased from
1.4856 billion to 1.0667 billion rands. Similarly, Premier fell from fifth
to eighth place after its‘value dropped from 1.4297 billion to 1.0484 billion
rands.

65



| JPRS#SSA+854027 *
4 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

" DECLINE IN WHITE POPULATION SEEN AS THREAT TO HEGEMONY
- Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in’ Afrikaans 23 Jan 8&5 p 4

{Text] With the start of school in the Transvaal the focus has again been
drawn to one of the most serious, but little discussed phenomena in white
society: the alarming decline-in the birth rate and the resulting decrease
in the number of school-aged children. .

Even government circles and propagandists admit that the birth rate among
whites has been under the zero growth rate of 1.7 percent per year for a
considerable length of time, and is even continuing downwards.

What makes this phenomenon wore alarming is the fact that the increase among
blacks is continuing upwards, unabated, at a rate which is one of the
highest if not the highest, in the world.

The simplest analysis will show that the structure of South African society
will change drastically if these tendencies continue. If the whites, as the
creative, most productive part of the population becomes ever smaller, and
the blacks increase in number, the financial burden on the whites will
becotie so heavy that the order of both will be destroyed.

In government circles, for example, a minister was heard.to say that it is a
contest which cannot be won by whites; it has been said -by a government
newspaper that whites must accept the fact that their numbers offer no
guarantee that they will be able to assert themselves; that attempts at
encouraging bigger white families is irresponsible, and that half a million
more or fewer whites will make no difference in the composition of the
population. .

Extinction

It is regrettable that in government circles this matter is treated on such
a low level intellectually and morally, thereby leaving the Afrikaner people
in a state of confusion.

A simple fact, which must be seen clearly, is that with the decrease in
white population growth, it must follow that the whites will die out and
disappear (or be replaced by immigrants). It is the Afrikaners in
particular whom it concerns, as they make up the nucleus of greater white
society. .

76



Everything here carries the mark of patient, methodical, and unrelenting effort:
the fruit of the obstinate labor of thousands of workers and jobbers who, stone’
by stone, have closed gaps, plugged holes, restored the facades-of dozens of
gutted houses, rehabilitated hundreds of kilometers of roads and trails, and
soon. It represents beaverlike work which, although not equaling the obtrusive
and flashy gigantism of our African megalopolises, is grandiose in the sense
that it has enabled a city--the symbol of the Chadians’ will to exist--to re-
main standing. .
Ie is true that’ Charles de Gaulle Avenue--N'Dj amena's “Ghamps-Elysées'"-has not
regained its former. luster, but it is very lively all the same, and the return
" of the "big clubs" of before and the airline companies has something to do with -
that. The merchants followed and opened up bookstores, grocery stores, hard-
ware stores, “and other shops selling ready-to-wear clothing. The N‘Djamena
trash collection department has established its headquarters there, and one can
frequently witness the battalions of trash collectors starting-out to assault
places in the city that are still being held hostage by household trash and the
refuse of all kinds whose advance they have halted.
The Al Akbar Bookstore--although you would not think so from its name--sells
the most profane literature imaginable to readers who are almost exclusively
European. It even sells the weekly NOUVEAU DETECTIVE, which carries such bold
. and racy headlines as "He Rapes His Wife's Lover!"

N'Djamena's revival and reconstruction are also exemplified in the impressive
building where the Council of Ministers held its meetings until President Habre
decided last October to start holding those meetings in the presidential office.
Another example is the facade of the "camp of martyrs"~-the former camp of the
Nomad Guard. That facade has been completely redone thanks to financial as-
sistance from France (500 million CFA francs), and in front of it stand soldiers
all done up in impeccable new olive-green uniforms. Public services are oper-
ating normally. The postmaster recently informed users that international
money order service had been restored in certain cities such as N'Djamena,
Moundou, Sahr, and Abeche. It is a sign of the times that the national elec-.
tricity company is now in the habit of warning its customers of the minor and
infrequent power cuts that are due basically to work being done on the system!

The barometer par excellence of the recovery of economic and financial activity
in a country getting back on its feet after a catastrophe of any kind is banking.
The Chadian capital now has five banks, the newest of which--the Chadian Bank
for Commerce and Development (BTCD)-~opened its doors last September thanks to
a loan of 700 million CFA francs from the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation
(CCCE). Those banks are practically never empty, proving that there is renewed
confidence among many small savers and Chad's businessmen, who have formed
cooperatives and, in the space of a few months, have established over 100: small
and medium-sized businesses (charcoal, tanneries for leather and hides, trans-
portation, the marketing of petroleum products, importing and expdrting of all
kinds, and so on).

The N'Djamena marketplace has expanded considerably and now reaches almost to
the buttresses of the impressive building which now houses the Ministry of

12


PORTUGUESE COMMUNITY SUSPECTED OF HAVING.TIES WITH RENAMO

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 24 Feb 85 p 2

[article by Stephan Terblanche]

[Text]

SECURITY pollce In South Afric:
- «members of the local Portugues:
‘of having tles with Renamo, the Mozambican resistance

‘movement.

Highly placed sources said police had been questioning Portuguese

‘citizens in Johannes-
{burg in connection with
aid to Renamo. ~ .

E this has been con-

Soe ee

Jguese 1 ne ay.

~ It is understood that the
police are also investigating
several in connection

is monitoring Renamo.
a aueerie, Rename is
its tactics mis Cs
oit ew areas of i
ae: Bet al arma aid in a to
‘Seda? the foo gore

ment in raed

Official ‘sources, laising
closely with the Mozambican
lnteltigence services, as well
hannesburg arugies sce

jguese com-
munity, have indicated that
Renamo is now the
Jarge Islamic presence in the
northern provinces of
Mozambique: to obtain aid
from influential businessmen
in Arab countries.

The names of seyeral
prominent Arab businessmen
‘and politicians — one of

+ whont recently visited South
Africa — are mentioned in
this connection and, accord-

a are clamping down on
community suspected

tng to the sources, Renamo
has received arms supplies
from Arab countries via the
ainantly Islamic Co-
more Islands in recent

Since the signing of the
Nkomatt ‘accord, South
Africa has been severely em-
barrassed by Renammo, which
is seen by outside worid
as fs being & creation of Pretor-

bas: co
refused to cease hostilities,
and Mozambique has been
accusing South

Africa of not
being able to control Renamo
elements inside South Africa

Official sources say they
have positively established
here Renamo is getting

Trost of lis ald: They chatises

Pave ae
hosa,

Two tap Renamo oficias,
Mr

secretary-
Fernandes and. his Misa
Mr Jorge Correia, once

-worked for Mr Bulhosa’s Pub

Ushing house in Portu;
Mr Bulhosa is also alleged
te have financed the colonial
rivate army, Flechas, of Mr
Jorge Jardin, which fought

Frelimo and out of
whieh Reuamo later gem.

71

JPRS#SSA#85%027
| # Apri 1985
!
Ue ———__——-
SOUTH AFRICA

, Influence

Mr Jardim, a godson of
former Portuguese dictator
Salazar, in turn channelled

amo leader who started the
resistance movement with
Rhodesian aid and was later
murdered near Pretoria.

A second fabulously weal-
thy businessman — a Freach-
speaking Brazilian with in-
ternational banking, oil and
other interests — is named as
aogier Renamo backer.

ed that Renamo, tradin;
on the religious ‘plight
north Mozambican Muslims
and using the international
business influence of its two
backers, has persuaded the
Sultan of Oman and other in-
fluential Arabs to side with
Renamo.

The names of several Arab
businessmen with extensive
oil interests are linked to this
international network of
backers for Renamo.

Arabs

In return, Reaamo is
promising the potentially-
Tich oil and mineral conces-
sions in northern Mozam-
bique to its Brazilian and
Arab backers. These conces-
sions are currently held by


| JPRS#SSA%85+027
| 4 april i9e5-
i
i

. _ : Ve
_ ml, : : MOZAMBIQUE *

- HOPES FOR N'KOMATI FRUSTRATED, MACHEL WITHOUT OPTIONS.

Lisbon A TARDE in Portuguese 13 Feb 85 p 11

(Text] In an atmosphere of unrest, Mozambicans are preparing to mark the first
anniversary of the N'Komati Accord signed on 16 March 1984 with neighboring
South Africa, for the purpose of attaining peace and prosperity. With the
passage of a year, the military and economic situation in Mozambique has
deteriorated considerably, particularly as a result of the intensification

of the activities by the armed rebels of RENAMO (Mozambican National Resistance)

which Pretoria has plédged not to give any further. backing.

At the end of last week, in Pretoria, the Maputo authorities blamed the South
African leaders for what they regard as violations ‘of the accord, on the
occasion of the meeting of the Joint Security Commission, That meeting
coincided with the presence in South Africa of. the American undersecretary of
state for African affairs, Chester Crocker. .

Crocker's visit was preceded by a trip to southern Africa by his "number two"
man, Frank Wisner, who reaffirmed Washington's desire to help Mozambique
surmount its difficulties. : :

The N'Komati Accord, which called for, as a counterpart, the cessation of

" Maputo's backing for the activities of the ANC [African National Congress],
. the leading South African liberation movement, evoked a great wave of hope in”

the country, associated with the resumption of cooperation with South Africa
at a time when the Western world was intensifying its assistance to-the
Pretoria regime.

To date, the bilateral cooperation has been reflected in the signing of a
contract for the development of 2 tourist complex. on the island of Inhaca,
along Maputo, and an increase from 47,000 to 52,000 in the number of Mozambican
miners allowed to work in South Africa.

But since N'Komati, and most especially since the end of 1984, RENAMO has

attempted to stifle the economy of Mozambique, cutting off the leading entrances
and creating an atmosphere of insectirity in the country's 10 provinces.

29



was because people did not The convention noted "of parastatals. private com-

know” who was to be “with great concern” the panies and all organs that
” responsible for the various scrious state of cconomy — - are “expected “to play a
Assignments. * which: has been cha part in actions recommend-
. The second major prob- * terised by - the critical _ ed by the Central Com-
lem was that even in shortage of furcign cx- mittee on behalf-of the.
instances where people change resulting in a National C y
knew their accountability. gencral decline of capacity
they could not move be- . ilisation, shortages of This is important be-
cause of lack of transport sic commuditics and slow * cause though the Govern-
‘and. insufficient financial i decline in_ Government ment may, ensure that it
‘support. - a > revel oe . works full-steam to
“This‘is the reason why : + It further noted that the implement its part of the
the President appointed nation had not invested in resolutions. the uct would
Cabinet ministers (to the agricultural sector, not be complete unless
Supervise the implementa- “with a result that the Le the private and quasi-
+ tion of resolutions). As the sector's performance has Government sectors also
executors of Party policies not been satisfactory”. . . play their part. ae
they are the ones who dre . It. recommended © that ;
supposed to have the more resources should be - Another important point
machinery to put inta action channelled into agriculture raised by Mr Mundia is
what is decided at policy- and that a maximuny of that the committee would
making level. K3.000 ion. annuall: ensure that those resolu-
“Sa, with the specific be mobilised for tI tiony which cither con-
‘singling out of this group purpose. tradicted Party policy or
to a specific function. one “Further to that. an were w repetition of past
would expect - progress.”” allocation of foreign cx- resolutions should go inio
Mr Litana said. + change to the agricultural the waste paper basket.
With that. comes hope sector should be on a ‘This column has pointed
that, at least for the systematic basis.” out in the past how
time being. some of the * On. industry. the wasteful it is for the
resolutions passed at the- + vention realised that ‘this Party. to discuss issues
Third National Convention ‘sector relied heavily on which had been resolved at
on economy last July and ‘imported materials and previous Council meetings.
the National Council meet- spare parts. . .
ing in December. would be - It’ “recummended that Equally wasteful is the
quickly acted upon. fiscal measures should appointment of commis-
This is very important be undertaken to dis- sions to look into. such
considering that most of courage dependence on areas as the performance
those resolutions were imported raw materials and and size of the civil
tailored to suit the Eco- better use of local raw service, when similar
nomic Crusade. 1985, materials. Further to that. exercises in the past come
dectared by the President it felt immediate measures to -nill despite going
_ im November. : be intensified to encourage through the same rigmorale.
The.National Convention industry to ex . 1 ‘i
felt man’s happiness and The Party Council on the * the mavion in gear and Me
his. political, sociai and other hand followed up Mundia is. “doing the
~cultural, “scientific. and with more far reaching driving. The nation can
techinological development Suggestions geared — to only sit back and look
and: defence and security resuscitate the economy. forward, to. reach ° the
are influenced by the . Wt covered all areas of the ‘i h
Se ecrcation ion’: i promised economic  re-
economic situation in which nation’s activities. Covery. A start had to
he lives. and vice versa. Mr Mundia’s team would made. .

“also follow up the activities

CSO: 3400/753

100



oe
; .. : - _| - SPRSHSSAz854027
: Co : "'| “4 april 1985

—

MOZAMBIQUE

MILITIAS TO BEIRA, SOLDIERS TO JUNGLE -
Maputo NOTICIAS in- Portuguese 17 jan 85 p 1

. [Text] The vast majority of military currently patrolling the city of Beira
will have to traverse the jungle, joining in the combat action against the
terrorists. The thousands of militiamen prepared in the various training
camps for self defense-will proceed to undertake the patrolling of the city.

This decision was made public last Saturday by the leader of Sofala, Maj Gen
Marcelino’ dos Santos, as he officiated at the closing of the 16th course in
self-defense, which included workers from various production sectors and heads
of ‘the party in the city of Beira.

The ‘action will be carried out gradually, " simil taneously with the creation.
of the People's Militias Organization, which is to operate in enterprises
and on residential sites.

Marcelino dos Santos remarked: "With this measure, we are attempting to free
the soldiers from the twofold task that they have now, and at the same time
to make it possible to assign a concrete job to thousands of militia members
whom we have already trained, most of wtiom have not yet been integrated."

He issued instructions to the party and state structural entities to begin, as
soon as possible, the work to structure and organize all the militiamen trained
in the various training centers for self-defense and to incorporate them into
the future commands.

The leader of. Sofala Province added: "Everything that we have observed shows
us that we have attained a certain amount of growth in our political awareness,
which constitutes a great encouragement for all of us."

Present among other officials at the closing session of the 16th self-defense
course were the Secretary general of the OMM [Organization of Mozambique
Women],.the party's first secretary in the city of Beira, the chairman of the
Executive Council on the same level and the political commissar of the Armed
Forces of Mozambique (FPLM) Provincial @ommand. -

2909
cso: 3442/175

36


‘a purposeful attempt is made, especially in black areas, to create a

dissatisfied black worker class. First, the strategy was to create a middle
class, because the idea was that a revolution comes out of the leadership of
the middle ¢lass, but that notion has changed. That is why violence is now
conducted especially against black business people.

+12855

cso: 3401/96

61



Desperation

"Caught "by the throat,’ the Mozambicans could turn toward the Soviets and
even toward the Cubans," admit certain diplomats; something that would be
unacceptable to both Washington and Pretoria.

The Mozambicans, for their part, aré wondering whether the South, Africans
really want peace, or whether they are "playing’ on several ‘game boards’
simultaneously, so as to force Maputo to negotiate with RENAMO which, for
the present, has created a situation of instability but which has not really
occupied the territory. ~ 7 : .

One Western observer stressed: "It does not appear that President. Samora Machel
has an alternate solution," admitting that the present situation could drag

on and in time weaken the position of the present leaders in the eyes of a
population that is running the risk of becoming increasingly less motivated,

if the situation does not show any signs of improvement.

D inimigo é Machel.
Machel sd trouxe

fame, miséria, desgraga

aa pova mogambicana.

Guerra e marta
a0 Machelisma

A propaganda da resisténcia mantém-te activa em Mosambique, afixando Por todo o pais cartazes como este

Photo Caption:

The resistance propaganda remains active in Mozambique, posting signs like
this all over the country. .

{Left] Machel-backing FRELIMO .

(Right| Resistance: "Join your brothers in the Resistance! Come fight on our
side to liquidate the enemy from our country. The enemy is Machel. Machel
brings only famine, poverty.and misfortune to the Mozambican people. War and
death for Machelisa.

2909

CSO: 3442/184

32



ot

| JPRSHSSA#85#027
° 4 April 1985 |

SOUTH AFRICA

FAK'S REJECTION. OF AV SEEN AS. CAUSING SPLIT AMONG AFRIKANERS

Johannesburg SUNDAY. EXPRESS in English 24 Feb 85 p 2

[Article by Dave, Beattie]

{Text ]

THIS week's rejection of the rightwin;
Alrikanervolkswag (AY) by the Felerasi¢
teak Afrikaner Aultuurvereenigings
completed the split of the Afri-

a entabtinbeneey eg Pat ot ean

* almost total realignment of ler
Society.

Mr Pienaar, who came within a
whisker of winning the Primrose -
ton for the Conservative Party (CP), told

e Sunday this week that Afri-

the alt would go much

It would force bitter confrontation at
almost every level.

Organisations and people relatively
untouched by the split until now would
‘eventually have to choose a home in the
reformist or conservative camps.

Mr that a new politi-
sa epee ne a

iglish-speaking whites wor -
Tenge an ailiance of reformist Afrikaners
coloureds.

All FAK affiliates Fen erclusively for
Afrikaners, but the AV welcome
speakers who identified with the 's
policies, be said.

Overlap

Until now there had been an overlap of
conservatives and reformists in the FAK,
according to Mr Pienaar.

For example, the leader of Dames Ak-
tueel, an FAK affiliate, was Mrs Mossie
van den Berg, wife of Dominee van den

Berg, an executive member of the AV. ©

itive members of organisa-
tions such as Dames Aktueel, Jong
Dames Dinamiek, the Afrikaner Studente
Bond and others were biding their time
under the FAK, which Mr Pienaar de-
seribed as completely dominated by the
National Party.

cso: 3400/761

64

Now much of the conservative faction

* of these o1 isations would breakaway
from the FAK, and rightwingers would
counter nearly every FAK affiliate or-
ganisation with one of their own, he said.

Some conservatives, however, would
stay behind in FAK organisations to keep
them “relatively impotent”, he said. -

This was natural to expect because
conservatives feared NP intimidation
and manipulation.

Saying that the Broederbond. was try-
Ing to control Afrikanerdom, Mr Pienaar
noted the conservatives were wary of the
‘bandjies vir boeties’ ploy by the Broe-
derbonid and other NP ‘puppets’, and had
already started work on a secret society
of their own.

Counterpart

‘The AV was the-conservative counter-
part of the FAK, and the Voortrekkers
and South African Board for Racial Af-
fairs (Sabra), both headed by AV leader
Professor Carel Boshotf, were rightwing
equivalents of organisations such as the
Raj and junior Rapportryers.

Pienaar said the ‘rane Werkers
Vereeniging, which supplements the
work of Sabra to a certain extent by
researching options for an all-white
homeland, Id certainly move firmly
Into the rightwing camp.

Prof Boshoff resigned as life member

-and chief executive member of the FAK

this week after the AV’s application was
turned down.

In a statement, the FAK said it could
not accept the AV as an affiliate member
because of the activities surrounding the
formation of the AV and its obvious poli-
tical nature.

It was clear that the AV was a rival
group, the statement said.

Prof Boshoff denied the AV was a rival
group, and criticised the FAK for being
unable to unite Afrikaners in a time of
crisis.



| JPRSHSSAx852027
4 April 1985

ZAMBIA

SALES TAX BILL RECEIVES HEATED DEBATE IN PARLIAMENT
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Feb 85 pl

[Text] Members of Parliament yesterday appealed to the Government not to im-
pose price increases on the already overtaxed Zambians.

The MPs were debating the Sales Tax (Amendment) Bill tabled by Minister of
Finance and National Commission for Development Planning Mr Luke Mwananshiku
for second reading. It is aimed at increasing sales tax to 1s Per. cent on all
essential items and hardware. .

The minister said the Bill ‘had two. broad objectives—to continue with the pro- |
cess of industrial reform and to raise additional resources for the Government.

The changes he was proposing in the Bill were aimed at reforming the tariff in~
line with those proposed under the Customs and Excise (Amendment) Bill whose
first reading had just been taken.

"By changing both the internal and external tax structure, I am trying to dis- -
courage’ the importation of foreign goods which stimulaté the consumption of our
own Production.

"Secondly, T am trying to change the tax rates to raise resources for the Gov-
ernment." During his budget address Mr Mwananshiku had pointed out that Govern-
ment expenditure was rising while reseurces of revenue were declining.

"It is therefore necessary to tap only what have been the traditional sources
of revenue, namely the indirect taxes. In doing this, I am aware of the
Tetrogressive nature of these taxes but the choices available to me are so
limited that the room for flexibility is quite small.

"It is because I am aware of these problems that I proposed the reduction of
certain elements of personal direct tax to reduce the impact of these changes
on the people," the minister told the House.

Prime Minister Mundia supported the Bill and said all progressive nations in”
the world were practising indirect taxation as opposed to direct taxation.

101



. Mozambique, that institution had provided: the training establishment with the
list of equipment necessary for installing the meteorological station, also
making itself available to supervise all the activities related to its
financing. . .

He remarked: "We already have the barometer for low and high temperatures, a
hygrometer for’ measuring humidity and weather vanes for measuring the velocity
and intensity of winds; and we.also have the anemometer which performs the
game functions as the weather vanes, among other modern, sophisticated equip-
ment. But the only obstacle to its installation is the lack of methyl lumber
which has a minimal percentage of humidity absorption, for the construction

_of the shelter where their installation will take place."

He added: "We have already sent requisitions to MADEMO [Mozambique Lumber
Enterprise], but the responses are always negative, and it is impossible for
us to arrange for alternatives, because, owing to the nature of the equipment
which cannot be set up anywhere, we must strictly follow the recommendations
from the specialists in the field, in order to ensure the credibility of the
information to be supplied by the station."

The failure to set up the aforementioned station has interfered with the
training of the students because, as our interviewee noted; in the marine
area meteorology is critical... However, at-the present time the entities
in charge of the center are showing an interest in installing it, as have
international agencies which are backing its operations, in particular to
meet the requirements for the new occupational careers to be introduced.

According to the comments made. by Omeca Sande, importing, based on the funds
granted by international agencies, appears to be the only solution for the
present dilemma in which the construction of the meteorological station finds
itself. The subject of our interview commented: "Consideration is now being
given to ordering from abroad the elastic metal netting and the methyl Iumber,
and some action has been taken in that direction; which offers us some rather
promising prospects of finding the problem solved during the next few months."

Citing the importance of the meteorological station to the school's activity,
Omeca Sande said that it would serve to train the students, so that ‘they

. would become familiar with the most important meteorological situations;
because, as. future pilots of boats, this subject is extremely important and
perhaps even critical for them. In addition to this, the station could
benefit the country as a whole, by collecting and providing the meteorological
information recorded in it.

Concurrently with the installation of the aforementioned station, there is
under way the construction of a special room for teaching navigation. Some
of the equipment for this purpose is already on the site, and technicians
from the TELESCAN enterprise have been contacted for its installation.
Meanwhile, it is anticipated that the action will be carried out soon.

2909 :
cso: 3442/188

42


| JPRS#SSA¥85#027
4 April 1985

TANZANIA.

" ECONOMIC CRIMES COURT HOLDS HEARINGS IN MWANZA
Dar‘es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] The Economic Crimes Court sits for the first time in Mvanza today to
hear bail applications by accused from Mwanza, Mara and Kagera regions.

The Court, which came into existence in July last year under the Economic and
Organised Crime Control Act 13 of 1984, will be presided over by High Court
Judge Eustace Katiti.

The Republic will be represented by a Mwanza-based state attorney.

According to accused list issued by the’ court, another sitting will be held ©
under High Court Judge Fredrick Munyera on March 1, this year.

Five cases will be brought before each judge to decide whether to grant bail
or deny bail to the accused who have appeared before various district and
resident magistrates in the three regions.

Economic and organised crime cases were being handled by tHe National Anti-
Economic Sabstage Tribunal presided over by High Court judges. The crimes in-
elude all activities aimed at harming the country’s economy, being in illegal
possession of firearms and amminition, corruption, cattle rustling and being
in illegal possession of drugs.

The Tribunal is currently hearing those cases filed by the police before July
last year. The Economic and Organised Crime Act provides for the accused to
apply and be granted bail by the High Court which will then sit as an Economic
Crimes Court. Bail was not being granted under the Tribunal.

Hearing of cases under the Act will be before a judge assisted by two civilians.
This will take place after the case had gone through a preliminary inquiry be-

forea resident or district magistrate to determine whether there was sufficient
evidence to warrant a hearing.

cso: 3400/757

84°



ETA-Military recently, held in custody in the south of France, offering protec-
tion to international terrorists, genuine human dregs. my

"What. advantage is it attempting to reap? There will certainly be a few
thousand more for the purses of the ringleaders in the government. Nothing
good can be foreseen for the country and its people."

2909 .
cso: 3442/1893 :



American Attitudes Termed ‘Isolationist', 'Moralistic'
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 23. Jan 85) se eereeeser eee eee eet eeeseeecees

Hendrickse on Eshowe Congress, Afrikaner Thinking
(Allan Hendrickse Interview; DIE BURGER, 4 Jan 85)...........

Imam. on Visit to Iran, Lessons of Revolution for Nation's Muslims
-(Hoosein Ismail; MUSLIM NEWS,.8 Feb 85)......ecseencecseseece

_ FAR "s Rejection of AV Seen as Causing Split Among Afrikaners.

(Dave Beattie; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 24 Feb 85)..-.-esseseeeses

Growth. of Various Companies Described .
(DIE BURGER, 19. Jan 85)... .sccesccescceevecenesserseeeseees

Goveriment Not Responsible for Farming Risks
(DIE BURGER, 4 Feb 85)... cece cece cee ee cece eee eceeceseeceees

Labor Unions Oppose Disinvestment :
(DIE BURGER, 7 Feb 85).....eecceeeeeceeeseeesccecesenes se eeee

Portuguese Commmity Suspected of Having Ties With RENAMO
(Stephan Terblanche;, SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Feb 85)...

Reformed Church Condemns Discrimination
(DIE BURGER, 22 Jan 85)... . cc cec eee cece cece c eee rete eneees

Reformed Church Doors, Pulpits Open to’All Races
(DIE BURGER, 23 Jan 85) ....eseesee cence eect este es cence secees

Decline in White Population Seen as Threat to Hegemony
. (DIE AFRIKANER, 23 Jan 85)..

All Races Invited to Discussion Forum
(DIE BURGER, 8 Feb 85).....cctecceccecenceecceceececseeeeeces

Funds From Readership Solicited by DIE AFRIKANER
(DIE AFRIKANER, 23 Jan 85)........e005 wee ewaheereseenscnseees

Briefs
Mixed Marriage Law

TANZANIA

Transfer of Funds Still an Issue With TAZARA

(DAILY NEWS, 23 Feb 85)....seescecceccececcccceecceteseteeeees
Economic Crimes Court Holds Hearings in Mwanza °
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85)..

35
57.
62,
64
65
67
69

71

73

74

76

719

81

82

83

84



cadres who give instruction ‘at the center, and we cannot fail to consider this
one of the main victories that we have achieved during the school's 6 years of
-existence."

Commenting on the number of cadres who have graduated from there, that official
said: "In comparison with the’ age of the center, in fact, the number of students
trained is small but, nevertheless, it is important to point out that we attach
importance to. the quality of the cadres, in view of the fact that our training
is associated with the international qualifications for the marine area." ~

- Meanwhile, we learned that, at the present time, the Fisheries Training Center,
in cooperation with various fishing enterprises, is studying mechanisms and
methods that may ensure the follow-up of the occupational activities carried
out by the center's graduates, so as to be able to lend them greater backing
and, if necessary, retraining, as well as admission to further training on a
level higher than what they have. -

What 1984 Was Like

Last year, by way of an experiment, a course in fishing equipment was introduc-
ed, including the training of cadres with a capacity for building and repairing

" mets, among other fishing implements. Seven technicians were graduated, and
have been assigned to fish production centers.

Eusebio Siquela remarked: "Last year, we. succeeded in enabling all those
involved in organizing the school's activity to learn about the center's
problems, and this contributed considerably to the incentive for introducing
new initiatives for training the students." He then noted that, last year,
43 specialists were graduated.

With regard to the training that has taken place over the past 2 years,
.another official told us: "Starting in 1983, we also introduced a course for
motor boat operators, the purpose of which was to train. cadres with the
capacity to pilot a certain type of boat and also to take care of its machin—
ery, particularly on small-scale fishing boats; because, owing to their
dimensions, they do not warrant the presence of a boatswdin (pilot) and a
machine operator."

In addition, also during that year, a course in ship carpentry was introduced;
but, unlike the one for motor boat operators (in which 34 persons have already
been trained), to date the respective course attendees have not yet been
graduated, inasmuch as their instrugtion is still going on.

New Occupational Careers
Information obtained by our reporter from the director of human resources of
the State Secretariat of Fisheries reveals that, this year, new occupational

training courses will be created at the Fisheries Training Center, as a means
of lending greater credibility to the qualifications of those who are graduated

39



Constructively

"Tt has been shown repeatedly that disinvestment adversely affects only those
that it is intended-to help. South Africa is already in an economic recession.
There is already large-scale unemployment, and there is evidence that effective
disinvestment will greatly aggravate the situation. .
“Qur appeal to the proponents of disinvestment fg: use your heads instead of
screaming hollow slogans and performing destructive acts. Come to your senses
and help us in a constructive way to improve things in South Africa."

12271
cso: 3401/92

70


4 april 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ALL RACES INVITED TO DISCUSSION FORUM,

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8 Feb 85'p 13
- : [Article: ."Al1 Races Involved in Forum]

[Text] The discussion forum on a new allocation for blacks outside the na-
tional states, which was announced by President P.W.. Botha, will consist of .
members of all racial groups, stated Mr Chris Heunis, the minister of consti-
tutional development .and planning, yesterday in the House of Assembly..

Mr Heunis: was responding to a proposal from Mr Albert Nothnagel, NP [National
Party] member of parliament from-Innesdal, and referred to the announcement
ona new allocation for urban blacks made by the president during his address
on the occasion of the opening session of parliament.

He wanted to make it clear that the discussion forum will be a negotiation
forum and not a state institution, said Mr Heunis. It will consist of govern-
ment and interest group leaders who will meet on an ad hoc basis. It will not
be a black or a white council which negotiates with members of other population
groups, but rather a council consisting of members of all racial groups.

Mr Heunis further stated that the rights of the whites are a condition for the
quality of the rights of other groups. Hence, nobody can disagree with the
position that, no matter what the solution may be, the security of the whites
must be ensured, :

"The illusion of white fears and black frustrations must come to an end once
and for all. Instead a vision of future white security and black hope must
be put forward outright."

"We could confront one another ad nauseum with statements from the past, but
the future cannot be.governed by a hand from the grave," said Mr Heunis.

Tf the motivation for reform lies in fear of the alternative, then it cannot
work and it will be negative. If people accept the fact that this is an im-
perfect world and if the motivation is to move closer to fairness and justice,
then it has a good chance of succeeding.

79 . ’



157050

JPRS-SSA-85-027
4 April 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

"DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED @

19980224 141

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY { ON: STATE:
NATIONAL TECHNICAL vs ur 5 .
INFORMATION SERVICE | |. Approved for public release;
a ; Distribution Unlimited

ipl
Ag?



DISTRICT COUNCIL FINANCIAL. PROBLEMS MUST BE SOLVED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Feb 8s pl

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE crunch to solve
the financial problems
which have dogged
district councils
since ‘the advent of
the decentralised
system of — local
‘government in 1980
has come and must be
. faced by the Party
and its Government,

the’ councils and the *

Zambia United Local
Authorities Workers
Union (ZULAWU).

‘hese’ problems
have resulted in coun-
ceils not paying their
workers salaries which
has led to numerous
strikes. The failure to
pay wages by any em-
ployer in these times
of soaring cost of
living can be a time
bomb waiting to ex-
plode at the slightest
touch.

It is absolutely

essential, therefore,

“that the bomb ‘is
cso: 3400/754

defused before it ex-
plodes and causes
catastrophe in the
nation. This can best
be.done by first find-
ing out. why the coun-
cils are in such finan-
cial difficulties.

We think-one of the
teasons is that some
councils inherited
large labour forces
from previous councils
which were merged
with their larger
neighbours and also
because of poor plan-
ning when recruiting
manpower.

“There is sheer in-
efficiency in collecting
revenue due to
‘councils: coupted with

‘mismanagement of.

business ventures
which are supposed to
augment the tradi-
tional sources of funds
for local authorities.

If councils collected
the millions of Kwacha

105

they are owed in
rents, rates, water
charges and others
which they keep in-
creasing without any
corresponding im:
provement in services,
they. would . surely
be in a better financial
position. than they are
in now.

So ZULAWU should
not dismiss the sug-

gestion by Minister”

for | Decentralisation
Dr Henry Meebelo to

_ lay off excessive work-

ers, unless the union
wants to keep them on
the payroll for the sake
of depleting council
coffers.

. Instead, the union
should view this as a
first step in revamping
the financial positions
of councils.

We are sure that
the Party and. its
Government is not
rejoicing at the pros-

co

UJPRS#SSA#85#027

| “4 April 1985

ZAMBIA

pect of laying off
hundreds if not thou-
sands of workers be-
cause this would run
counter to its policy
pf creating as many
jobs. as possible “for
the people.

But the hard and
cruel economic facts
must be faced: there
is no logic in keeping
people in employ-
ment who are not pro-
ductive and who can-
not be paid. In fact,
many councils recog-
nised this fact last
year and sent their
idle workers on in-
definite unpaid leave
to save costs.

ZULAWU should go
to the conference
table and argue its
case there. Maybe
they have better ideas,
but refusing to talk
with the other parties
is not going to improve
the situation.


MOZAMBIQUE
RENAMO Spokesman Comments on 1 Developments in. Africa 7 :
(Jorge Correia Interviews TEMPO, 18 Jan 85)... scccecceeeeee ae 22

Commentary on Sincerity Behind N'komati Accord
(Nelson Malangabi;. NOTICIAS, 22 Jan BS). cececccsccceccececces 26

Hopes for N'komati Frustrated, Machel Without Options

(A TARDE, 13 Feb 85). 29

Maputo To Depend Less on South African Electric Power’. -
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 31 Jan 85)....seccececrscecccencetecenes 33

Air Defense Political Comissars Exchange Views’.
(NOTICIAS, 17 Jan 85). ...ccececccegeeeceeceecsvesceseceesewes 35

Militias to Beira, Soldiers to Jungle
. (NOTICIAS, 17 Jan 85) ...cccccces cece ceerecececcecsccesecsenes 36

Fisheries Training Center To Launch New Career Programs

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 15 Feb. 85).....-+s-+eee- ree rerer rere! 37
Briefs . . . .
Nampula Bishop Denounces Regime =~ . - 43
GDR Donations 43
NIGERIA

21,000 Abuja Residents To Be Resettled Elsewhere
(NEW NIGERIAN, 14_Feb 85) ceccccccccceceecececesceeessceeseees 44 —

Buhari: No Economy Can Survive on Fraud
. (Ibrahim Salihu; NEW NIGERIAN, 15 Feb CL 45

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Political Bureau Member Talks at Amilcar Cabral Conference
(Alda Espirito Santo Interview; NO PINTCHA, 26 Jan 85)........ 46

SENEGAL

Tactical Response to Anti~Islamic Moves
(Editorial, Momar Kane; ETUDES ISLAMIQUE, Dec 84).......-.00-5 49

SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. Television Program on South Africa, Reaction Discussed
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 23 Jan 85) ccecsccccccsoens seeeccceces SF



; UPRS#SSA¥85%027
4 April 1985

_ Do : ZAMBIA

NEW ARMY PUBLIC RELATIONS, BOARD TO IMPROVE SOCIETAL IMAGE ,

lusaka TIMES oF ZAMBIA in English 26 Feb.85 p 7 | vO. . .
(Text ]- The Zambia ‘Arny has established a public relations wing at its head-
quarters in Lusaka to promote good relationship with the general public, it
was announced yesterday.

A news release from the army said the defence force recognised the need for
good communication to facilitate easy flow of information with the public.

"In this context the mass media has an important role to play in improving the
- image of the army in the eyes of members of the public.

"We are accordingly looking forward to greater and continued cooperation between
the mass media and the public in general on the one hand and ourselves on the
other," the release said.

It was the drmy's "cherished desire” to improve the existing cordial and amic-
able relationships even further so that the defence force could operate more
harmoniously and establish better neighbourliness with the civilians.

"The purpose of this is to notify you on our existence and appeal to you not

to hesitate to contact the public relations cell at our headquarters on any
matter you may be interested in.

" "Qur doors are open to you at all times."

cso: 3400/7534

106



More Than Suspicions | *

Also difficult to understand are the acts of sabotage committed on the border.
The specialized manner. ig which they are carried out, the sophisticated
equipment used for them and their proximity to the border reveal their origin.
There have been countles¢ testimonies from the border population, claiming
that the perpetrators of ’the sabotage are infiltrated into South African
-territory. © . . ,

The Portuguese news agéhey ANOP, in a despatch dated the end of December,
issued the report that "tie RSA was infiltrating more bandits into Mozambique,
particularly in Maputo ‘Pfovince. In the criminal ambush executed on 14 .

“December on the Namaacha‘road, testimony was taken from the population of
the area, claiming that ‘the bandits had come from Kangwane , an area that
the RSA has attempted to turn over to Swaziland.

International press orgims have cited arguments and evidence that the RSA is
continuing to back the ‘Bandits, violating what was agreed upon at N'Komati.
The. correspondent for thé American agency UPI published a report quoting a
Portuguese military source and disclosing that, at least in the area of
“communications, the South‘African support went on after March 1984. Diplomatic
Sources have also explicity voiced concern over the fact that they observe that
only the RPM is fulfilling the accord in a visible manner.

As the charges took on public dimensions, the South African Government was
forced to reiterate statements of intent. This was done by Pieter W. Botha
on 28 May of last year, in response to what he called "public concerns." In
fact,Botha was responding to articles of denunciation originating in the South
African press itself. Subsequently, the Pretoria declaration reiterated the
intentions and promises. A few days ago, the statements were repeated again.
The RSAhad counted on gaining an area of international credibility.

: 5 : oe
It was at least necessary to show its willingness to fulfill and see to thé
fulfillment of an accord which could serve as a springboard for greater *’
international recognition of the regime. /

Internally, however, the regime had to subject itself to a difficult balance,
satisfying pressure from business owners concerned about an improvement in
neighborly relations and from the "ultras," who were behind the creation of
the bandits’ activity. In the opinion of international observers, it is the
latter who suggested to the decision-making centers that it was a mistake to
hasten the dissolution of a weaponof pressure on a regime which, after all,
had not made any shift in its orientation. Amd it may be these sectors which
are delaying or countering the fulfillment of the accord.. :

In either instance, the non-fulfillment and the continuation of the violence
are jeopardizing the lives of hundreds of Mozambicans. This situation is not
tolerable, nor does if warrant any marking time. It is no longer just the
natural allies of Mozambique that are demanding of the 2SA more obvious signs
of dts good will; it is the natural allies of Pretoria themselves. For
example, there are delegations of American congressmen visiting our country.

27



JPRS#SSA#852027

| 4 Aprik 1985

. . _
_ "TANZANIA

- oo : BRIEFS .

LOCAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE WITH MALAWI--In another department, Tanzania and .
Malawi have agreed to exchange goods by using their local currencies.  Ndugu
Makani said in Dar es Salaam yesterday that an agreement. to that effect was
reached in the city. this week during talks he held with the General Manager,
Mr. F. Mambiya, while on an official visit in the country. He said Tanzania
would sell to Malawi textiles, cotton and other items and these would be
exchanged with Tanzanian shillings and Malawian tambala. Ndugu Makani said
the agreement followed good neighbourliness and co-operation between the two
countries. Malawi uses the Dar es Salaam Port for its exports and imports.
Recently a 50-kilometre road linking Ibanda in Mbeya Region and Karonga in
“Malawi, was opened... Other countries using the port are Zambia, Zaire, Burundi
and Rwanda. [Excerpt] (Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Feb 85 p 1]

TALKS WITH YUGOSLAVIA BEGIN-—-The Tanzania-Yugoslavia Joint Commission starts
its five-day meeting in Dar, es Salaam today, an official in the President's
Office responsible for Regional and International Cooperation said in the
city yesterday. According to the official, the Yugoslavian delegation led by
a member of the Federal Executive Council and President for the Federal Com-
mittee responsible for Labaur, Social and Health Welfare, Dr. Djordje
Jakovljevis, arrives in the country this morning. The commission would review
the implementation of various development projects funded by Yugoslavia and
lay a concrete programme of cooperation during the period 1985/86. [Text]
(Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 26 Feb 85 p 1]

cso: 3400/758

86


JPRS#SSA#85+027
4 April 1985

A
|
|
i
1

SOUTH AFRICA

FUNDS FROM READERSHIP SOLICITED BY DIE AFRIKANER
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in. Afrikaans 23 Jan 85 p 1

{Text] The havoc which has been wrought in our country by the government's
financial mismanagement will probably be much worse this year than last
year. Bankruptcy, unemployment, and financial need will hit a lot of
individuals and companies hard.

This situation is having a serious effect on the survival of DIE AFRIKANER,
the paper which for fifteen years already has borne the torch of Afrikaner
nationalism and the banner for the defense of whites in ‘South Africa against
the power of financial might and the government's leftist media. "~

This paper has become a. unique phenometion because of the high quality which
it maintains with the extremely limited financial resources at its
disposal. There has never. been an achievement to match it in Afrikaans
journalism. It was possible because DIE AFRIKANER is supported by its.
strong belief that. the cause for which it stands is right.

In the struggle which is being conductéd against’ our peopte, DIE AFRIKANER
has become a symbol of courage, determination, and a refusal to. give up. In
the difficult times which lie ahead, this name and glory must be kept

going. It can only be done through much effort and sacrifice.

The HNP-executive committee has decided to create a fund for DIE AFRIKANER's
survival. The goal is 250,000 rands which must be reached by 20 April

1985. The executive committee will administer the funds on behalf of DIE
AFRIKANER. , :

The matter is so urgent and serious that contributions are immediately
solicited.

‘There can be no, more worthy a cause in the life of white people nowadays
than this financial assistance.

The executive committee-of the HNP, in whose ranks can be found the members
of the board of directors of the Strydpers Beperk, publishers of DIE
AFRIKANER, call upon its readers, its supporters, and everyone who serves
that cause served by DIE AFRIKANER, to contribute generously.

All contributions must be sent to DIE AFRIKANER, post box 1888, Pretoria.
Checks must be made out to the DIE AFRIKANER-fund and contributions will be
recognized from time to time in DIE AFRIKANER.

12494. , 81
cso: 3401/8


will henceforth serve in the FARP cadres can regard themselves as the product
of the "integral training of every combatant in our FARP," Minister Honorio
Chantre stressed in his speech during the ceremony.

The FARP and Its Men

"What makes the FARP-what they are is the men, the moral, political and tech-
nical-military value of each one of them, and first and foremost, their cadres."
This statement was made in the speech on behalf of the newly promoted officers.
The author of the statement, delivered at a similar ceremony on 23 January :
last year, was Aristides Pereira.

And with the changes nade, Comrade Honorio. Chantre said, "we will thus be
gradually shaping the FARP of which Cabral conceived as the armed branch of
the party dedicated to the sacred interests of our people and the defense of
the sovereignty of our state, and guaranteeing and safeguarding the climate of
peace and security so necessary to our national reconstruction effort."

Also in the course of the two speeches, between which the promotions were
awarded and anthems were played by the military band, the role of the FARP in
the day-to-day life of the Cape Verdian people and the activities in which
they have engaged were stressed, and a history of the institution, the found-
ing of which dates back to the period when the national liberation struggle
‘was organized, was given.

This role played by the FARP in the development of national life since inde-
pendence was won and in the liberated zones of Guinea is evidence of the fact
that "our cadres should never interpret their service in our FARP as that of
mere employees of our state." The patterns of life to be pursued and the
goals sought were referred to by Comrade Honorio Chantre as a "career of sac-
rifice, dedication and devotion to the cause of our people..." In conclusion
he said that “our FARP are not and never can be- just barracks troops or a
privileged elite im-our society."

5157
CSO: 3442/166



of Muhammad (SAS)'s apostolate", there was a crowd of Tidjanis,

Mourides, Gadiris,. Layenes and those not belonging to any religious brotherhcods
[Tarigqazc] ., all of them intellectuals, ~~ -most of them having

both western and islamic education. These men had dared to organize

themselves to declare aloud, supported by verses of the Kotan and

hadiths, that Islam is exclusively. the religion of uniqueness and unity,

and that division, from wherever it may come, and-of whatever kind, is

foreign to. Islam and that Muhammad. (SAS) remains the ideal, and universal

model for the islamic Oumma in its entirety.

It-is such language that the laity: the free-masons » the atheists,

the lypocrites ‘and the church are dead~sét against, conscious as they

are that their power depends entirely on. the division of the Muslems.
“ So they use all means to achieve this division. : -

1. First of all itis the attempt to , Separate the Senegalese Moslems
from the Oumma by flattering the race's abject feelings with extreme
demagogy. . :

One should read "Black. Islam (?)", an article signed Joseph Roger de -
Benoist appearing’ in the columfts of AFRIQUE NOUVELLE to be convinced

‘of this. The article has an undeniably downward’ coherence with its ©
countertruths and its blatant absurdities, but what is more, it. stinks.
of a bloodless Church, emptied of the spirit of Christ since the
Council-of Nicaea, and perhaps long before that, and which needs to
slander others in order to justify its own failures.

In this task, the church is far more moderate than the free-masons. It
is known that following the "catholic fundamentalists" Senghor and the
coming of the lay and democratic Moslems, Senegal is living through an
-era of intellectual eruptions. Ideas ranging from the sublime to the
ridiculous occupy the coteries'and invade the amphitheaters. One of
these ideas, for a long time kept on the fringe of the official
academic life, has become a veritable cult today. It is the idea of

a negro-african religion. The local free-masons (they really deserve
their name) have already fabricated one of these in its entirety:
"bangolism"; and every day this new product of a machiavelian con-
science is the object of keen publicity in the state media.

2... It is also the intention to encourage the most sectarian aspects
of the brotherhoods, to ‘pit them one against the other, and to weaken
them at the. time when puppet groups. are formed to render the “circum-
stances" favorable for the coming of the pope to Senegal.

3. It is, finally, the pitiful attempts of those who hold the petro-
dollars; who are seeking out hypocrites and mercenaries in our country
in order to buy them as a counter influence to the Islamic Revolution
amongst the Muslem masses. An example of these bought mercenaries, who
styles himself "Serigne", has been for some time very vocal over the
air waves of Radio Senegal.

51



of hope onthe possible improvement of both urban and interurban transportation. _
Until now, as a matter of fact, these have. been a thorny problem, concerning
which there is no need to speak at length, since the situation is well

known to everyone and no matter how small the trip, every resident of
Kinshasa is affected by it. Assuredly, in Kinshasa, transport conditions,
whether by bus, taxi-bus or taxi, are really inhuman; buses crammed with
people in which enraged conductors hurl insults at passengers.

On the interurban lines, the train ride ‘Is no. more pleasant than it was
some years ago. . In filthy wagons without water or light, travelers are

_ throwi together in the company of goats, pigs, chickens and ducks.

As. for the crossing of the majestic Zaire River which should be as pleasant
as a river trip to Maluku, it has become as arduous as a boat trip to Ilebo.
In the same motorboat, as a matter of fact, one finds people, animals, and
goods all thrown. in together. It is imperative, therefore, that an effort
be made to improve both urban and interurban transportation conditions. It
is obvious that the problem is intimately connected with the transportation
crisis which cannot be resolved within a day. But it is a fact that the
transportation authorities, particularly the Association #f Zairian Trans-
porters, have their-work cut out for them in making ‘travel conditions: for
the activists of the Party-State more humane.

“In Kinshasa, obviously, the problem is complicated’by the extent ‘of the city

and by the concentration of all the centers of interest (offices, shops, ©
schools and hospitals) at the center of the city, thus forcing the entire
population to jostle every morning towards the Gombe area. This. is why we
can stdte without fear of mistake that in the long term, one of the solutions
to the problem is the decentralization of the commercial, administrative and
social activities of the capital. .
Be that as it may, we concur with the top authority in the Department of
Transportation and Communications in reaffirming our optimism concerning
future improvement of the country's transportation.

9824
CSO: 3419/264

93



cso:  3400/761

“Esso, BP and Elf-Aquitain
of France, 4 °

“Renamo has told the

*_Arabs that it no longer wants

control over the whole of

. Mozambique, but, wishes to
tion

the north of the
Cguntry and establish an Isla-
mic republic,” say the

sources.
Islamic influence and in-
terest in

present sultan of Oman
fogTrtam to Mocuniges od

settling Arabs there.

‘The sources also point to a”

“third force” responsible for
much of the destabilisation
inside Mozambique. This
force consists of several oth-
er smaller resistance groups,

72

The sources have also said
that Mr Rui Forjaz, a former
Beira newspaperman, now a
Johannesburg hotelier, is be-
ing investigated in connec
ion with the recruitment of
Renamo mercenaries.

At his Johannesburg hotel,
Mr Forjaz denied any know?

ledge of me recruit:
matt Mr Forjaz, who admits
to a long-standing and close
felationship with several
prominent leaders of Ren-
amo, says he still sympath-

* tses with them but has no for-

mal ties with the movement.

comply Fits the stipulations:
of the Accord.

‘The police act ly
against any, person Ad 10
transgresses ipulations
of the Accord.


i

| JPRS#SSA¥85#027

; | 4 April 1985
|

ee

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO TO DEPEND, LESS ON SOUTH AFRICAN ELECTRIC POWER : -
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 Jan 85 p 10

[Text] Yesterday, NOTICIAS reported that the Electricity Company of Mozambique
would expand its power production capacity to supply Maputo for the purpose of
reducing its dependence on supplies from South Africa.

A source. from the- Ministry of Industry and Power claimed that the decision was
made in view of the constant attacks of sabotage by RENAMO [Mozambican National
Resistance] against the electric power, transportation line from South Africa
to Maputo.

Technicians from Electricity of Mozambique will undertake the - peconversion of
the distribution system, so that the local production capacity will be able
to meet Maputo,'s requirements minimally.

That source told the newspaper: "This is not an improvisation. It involves
a conversion of the system on which the distribution of electricity to Maputo
is based, depending on South Africa and conceived on the basis of the produc-
tion of hydroelectric power from Cahora Bassa."

The same source added that it was necessaty for the local production capacity
to be properly utilized, particularly by‘ the productive sectors.

Meanwhile, the Ministry of Energy and Power distributed a communique tothe
press concerning measures to restrict the supply of ‘electric power to the
city of Maputo.

Vehicles Attacked by RENAMO

Two Mozambicans were killed and two others. were wounded when the three vehicles
in which they were riding were attacked near Namacha, about 70 kilometers. from
Maputo. .

The attack took place on the road between Maputo and Namacha, in a settlement
that forms a border with Swaziland and South Africa. Unofficial sources
-gaid that those wounded managed to escape when they saw the vehicle ahead of -
them being attacked.

33



BUHART:

NO ECONOMY: CAN SURVIVE “ON FRAUD-

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 15 Feb 85 p 4

[Article by Ibrahim Salihu]

[Text]

cso:

HEAD of State, Major-General
.Muhamniadu Buharihas said no
business venture, industry or
economy could lay claim to ge-

nuine growth if its survival and

profitability depended
precariously. on fraud and une
qual relatiorship.

He said genuine and self. sus-
tained growth development
could only occur in an environ-
ment which rewards honesty and
hardwork and not laziness or pro-
fiteering.

He said the economic ills of our
society “and indeed all societies

* stem from a sad lack of apprecia-

3400/783

tion and application of moral
principles in economic
‘endeavours whether at the level’
9a company or that of a nation, ”
were contained in a
gout message he sent-to the
opening ceremony of the first ij &
‘ternational , confererice on.
“FTuatiers ‘and mechanics ot
Islamic economic system”
aghich took off in Sokoto yester-
Yy.
The message was read on his

45

“evasion, outright theft
“forms of ‘economic sabotage had

ao ee

JPRS4SSA385%027
4 April 1985

Ke
NIGERIA

behaif by the Governor af Soketo _

State, brigadier Garba Duba

‘ Generai Buhari said greed,
avarice, fraud, smuggling, tax
other.

often. been criminally condoned
as profitability and commercial
or industrial growth.

He said the dream of a new
economic order would always re-
main unfulfilled until the
developed nations began to have
B long-term view of their relation-
‘ship with developing nations,
while the developing ones placed
greater emphasis on co-operation
and trade among themselves.

- Ina key note address, the Vice-

“Chancellor of the University of

Sokoto, Professor Mahdi Adamu,
said the university would start of-
fering bachelor of science degree
in Islamic economics from next

+ session.

He said this would be part of
their contribution to the nationa
‘search for a disciplined society.



CSO:

Msipa: There is no way that ZAPU can
_ just vanish, so the only way is to accom-
modate ZAPU. Unity can come by force,
“but it’s possible to come ‘together
peacefully if people put their country
first.

After elections, there may be talks
because a:one-party state will not come
about automatically, because ZANU may
not win ail the seats, ZANU hopes that
ZAPU will be destroyed ‘by defections,

but dialogue is the best unity. It is a’

question.of who will win.

MOTO: What are your comments on the .

dissident activity?

Msipa: South Africa is taking advantage
of the division within the country. The
Minister of Foreign Affairs and others in

the government always talk about South ©

‘Africa’s destabilisation activities. Even
with all the talk about Father Zimbabwe
badges found on dissidents, how do we
Ignow that they are not printed in South
Africa? I know for a fact that after the
1980 elections those badges were in short
supply, so where are they coming from
now? If they are being printed in Zim-
babwe that would be.easy to trace.

I was one of the top members of ZAPU
and we have never talked of toppling this
government by force. We had a duty to
promote unity between ZAPU and
ZANU. If South Africa is destabilizing
Angola and Mozambique, why not Zim-
babwe? South Africa makes use of cer-
tain grievances and makes people seem to
be fighting for ZAPU. The dissident pro-
blem started in 1982 and still there is no
goncrete evidence that it is ZAPU. These
people are told to say they are fighting for
ZAPU by whomever.

MOTO: What gains in national development
have been made in the past four years?

Msipa: Education, water and health are

the major areas where tremendous strides .

have been made by the government; also
the conditions of workers have improved—
their position is more secure and now
they have a voice in their. workplace.
Despite the drought and the recession,
progress has been made. Also, except in
certain parts of Matebeleland and the
Midlands, people have regained their

dignity— they are no longer second-class .

3400/668

114

citizens.

MOTO: What are your comments on the
wave of corruption among government
Officials?

Msipa: This has come about because
mistakes were made by placing inex-
perienced people in positions of respon-
sibility and also people with the wrong.
Orientation who want to get rich quickly.
Corruption is a ‘disease throughout

. developing countries. It is said that peo-
ple in developing countries.-don’t rule
but they loot:

MOTO: Why do you think that all. the re-

" signations from ZAPU are coming at this
period in time?
Msipa: This has been my own decision
for personal reasons and I have not in-
fluenced other people to resign. Perhaps
resignations are occurring because we are
moving towards the elections and some
people don’t want to be fence-seaters.~
Also, a number of people genuinely
believed that unity could be achieved
before elections, but this is not happen-
ing. The resignations are a way of people
expressing their disillusionment and
despair. so

MOTO: What are your views on socialism?
Msipa: I believe in socialism, which
means’ an equitable distribution of the
country’s wealth; which calls for an era-
dication of the extremes of poverty and
richness; and also calls for the socializa-
tion of certain industries. The large
strategic industries, which provide’ essen-
tial materials and services, and whose
main interest is profit, should be looked
after by the state or the state should have
substantial shares in these companies,

. which is what we see in Zimbabwe.

But the state should not be involved in
smail businesses—there should be room
for individual ownership. Also invest-
Ment must be encouraged in the country.
Socialism doesn’t mean you bar invest-
ment because countries like the Soviet
Union and China encourage investment.
We must create conditions to encourage
investment. Our infrastructure is attrac-
tive and we must build upon this.

* Strategically, Zimbabwe is well-placed to
encourage investment. a


2. The Islamic revolution is-not longer that evil monster, which must at
all costs be struck down. Moreover it is only spoken of casually and
_in evasive commentariés which commiserate with its "difficulties" ‘and

is "encroachments".

3. The Irak-Iran war, which just a short time ago served as a pretext
for a general movement of the great powers’ fleets into the Indian Ocean

“and the Straits of Ormz and for. the re-arming of those Arab kingdoms
aligned with Uncle Sam, is. now called "forgotten".

. 4. Egypt, to whose bed-side all the greats-of this world (with the -
“exception of the USSR) had flocked in order to save her fromthe "funda-
‘mental terror" and from "Sadat's assassins", seems now less tense, and.
has just issued’ a verdict of appeasement with regard to the Assiout
rioters. Better still she has opened her parliament's doors to the
"fundamentalists". :

-5. Bourguiba's "modernist" Tunisia, where fasting was so often criticized
and the whole form of worship revised in the name of "development",

has also been received better. The pro-Islamic movement is no longer
hounded; its leaders have just been freed, and nothing really stands in

_ the way, apparently of its being recognized as.a political party.

6. The Sudan and Algeria are no less interesting from this point of view.
The first persists in islamizing its institutions, the second has reached
the point where it winks its eye at these "Islamistes" [islamic
fundamentalists].

In short, we are confronted with a strange political consensus with
regard to Islam for a world which is habitually divided. Time will

- tell: whether. the billion Muslems who are suffocating in this world,
but. who live there because they hope and who hope because they -are
more and more convinced of the saving grace of Islam, will fall into
the snare of this general acceptance of the situation.

The Case Of Senegal

It is indeed a privileged territory for the most sordid manoeuvers
agains Islam. They are working strenuously here to contain what is
deliberately called the "fundamentalist current". This current is
nothing more than a re-centering of the movement around Muhammad (SAS),
irreversibly initiated in our country and which they are trying to break
up by this clumsy attempt at characterization.

The fact is that this insistence on re-centering, for which the Islamic
"avant-garde" has been fighting for several years in Senegal, makes
people still more afraid since it has cristallized within the ranks
of the western-educated Senegalese intelligentsia. An example: during
the celebration of the Mislem New Year (Tamkharit), in a conference

- organized by CERID on the theme: "Mislem Unity and the Meccan Years

50


| JPRSHSSA%8514027
| 4 april 1985

Lo

_ SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE |

- POLITICAL BUREAU MEMBER TALKS AT AMILCAR CABRAL CONFERENCE
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 26 Jan 85 PP 4,5
[Interview with Alda Espirito Santo in Bissau, December. 1984]

(Text] In an interview granted to NO PINTCHA during the second week of December
at the Conference on Amilcar Cabral in Bissau, Comrade Alda Espirito Santo
declared: "As part of the hospitality of a small country, the Democratic
Republic of Sao Tome and Principe (RDSTP) will receive the beloved guests with
dignity."

This realistic, humble declaration from that member of the Politburo of the
Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), and president
of the National People's Assembly, was referring to the preparations currently
under way in her country (selected to be host) for the forthcoming Summit of
"Five" postponed from December 1984 to February 1985.

At the conference which the PAIGC held in Bissau from 3 to 7 January on the
personality of its number one member, Amilcar Cabral, the one who closely
followed his "birth" as a politician (as a student in Portugal) represented

the MLSTP Central Committee. a .

It was with this excuse that we asked her to. describe the personal qualities
of Comrade Amilcar Cabral. Alda Espirito Santo, going back in time, remarked:

"Talking about Amilcar Cabral is talking about an extraordinary person from a
country which has the honor of having him as a fellow citizen, and from all
the African countries as a whole. -

“about 1946-47, L was with a group of relatives holding a kind of picnic at
Monsanto Park in Lisbon. I had just recently finished high school. At the
end of the afternoon, we saw a young African man pass by, a very nice young -
man who, upon seeing an African family, approached us. It was Amilcar Cabral."

Alda Espirito Santo stressed: "An exchange of relations was immediately estab-
lished between us, which gave rise to an informal familiarity. Remarkably,
that familiarity was started by a fellow countryman of ours from Sao Tome, who
had begun his professional career in Guinea-Bissau. He was Luis Espirito Santo
Graca, who died here in Catio."

46


The resolution which was passed concerning accessibility te the pulpit for
coloreds is as follows.

The Synod calls attention to the fact that there should be no reticence with
respect to the ministration of the word by ministers from churches of the same
religious deriomination. . . . .

"Whoever ‘has been properly called and confirmed to minister the word within
the same reformed denomination may minister the word-in any congregation to
“which he ‘is properly invited."- The invitation is up to the local church.

The Synod_ reaffirmed a previous resolution on the Mixed Marriages Act. . It
reads: .

Reference

"Marriage is an institution of God which fundamentally affects the married
couple, the family, the church and the community, which includes the govern-
ment.

"The scripture makes no clear reference to tacially mixed marriages. The
Biblical doctrine on-marriage and on the unity of mankind offers no basis on
which such marriages can be viewed as impermissible. It behooves the married
couple, the family, the church and the state to submit to faith in these
Biblical principles. :

"In practice, Christian love compels us to take into account the problems that
can arise from racial, ethnic and cultural differences in a racially mixed
marriage on the personal, family and social level. This is true in particular.
for the: children of such marriages.

"Te is essential that each of the parties involved—the family; the church
and the state—impress upon the couple these implications according to their
own calling in terms of the Biblical principles." :

Elder Martin Griffioen from East Krugersdorp said that every person should be
able to choose his partner in marriage and that the church and the state ‘should
not interfere in this. ©

12271
CSO: 3401/94



y

- | > gpRs#SSAx85+027
| . . : . : : i 4 April 1985
a -" TANZANTA

PRISONS TO REGEIVE BUILDING. MATERIALS’ FROM GDR”

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Feb 85 p 3 .
. [Text] The German Democratic Republic (GDR) has offered the Prisons Depart-
ment building materials and are expected in the country soon, the Principal
Commissioner of Prisons, Ndugu Simeon Mwanguku, said over the weekend,

He. was opening a month-long course for the department's 42 engineers and tech-
nicians at the Prisons Mbeya Technical “chool, Shihata reported.

The commissioner was responding to earlier remarks ‘by the participants on the
scarcity of building materials.and equipment.

Ndugu Mvanguku said the GDR had offered “some materials and we expect to re-
ceive them soon."

The commissioner called on the officers to be innovative, saying that the de-
partment would benefit a lot from imaginative officers who sought to increase
efficiency and minimised costs.

Ndugu Mwangula also called for evaluation of projects undertaken by the depart-
ment and assessment of contribution by the convicts.

The commissioner restated the department's resolve to continue training its
workers, to arm them with up-to-date. skills and Jmowledge in their respective
professions.

Earlier, the head of the school, Ndugu Samwel Kweka, said the course was de-
signed to broaden the scope of the participants in supervision of the depart-
ment.'s programmes and monitoring the implementation of the projects.

csO: 3400/757

a5



from that educational establishment, and ensuring them a well-defined occupa-
tional career. This specialization will consist of the course for fishermen
to be introduced for the first time this year, which will be followed there-
after by many other courses in the marine area.

In this respect, the subject of our interview explained: on

"Up until last year, the school had two types of courses, namely ‘deck’ and
“machine.” -These courses were intended mainly for youths who had fishing
traditions or from production centers in.the sector; who had a sixth grade
éducation, with reading skills; and it was not easy to find candidates with
such academic training." ~ .

He noted: "When we discovered the lack of students with seamanship skills
who would meet the required qualifications, it was opted to accept any youth
who had sixth grade schooling. Making a brief evaluation since the school's
creation in 1978, we found that we had been training seamen the selection of
whom was not based on the established principles; and who, consequently,
showed little desire to be in the fishing field, and were assigned to other
sectors." And he added: :

"As a solution to this problem, starting this year there will be a course for
fishermen, the academic level for admission to which will be fourth grade
schooling: The main objective of this initiative, which will stringently
note whether or not the students have fishing traditions or habits, is to
enable the youths from various production centers in this sector to increase
their academic learning, so as to be able to take part in occupational train-
ing courses."

The fisherman's course will last.a year, after: which the students. will come
out with qualifications equivalent to a sixth grade education; which will”
enable them to take special training as seamen-fishermen or seamen-pilots

in the areas of "deck" and "machines," respectively. This specialization
will last 2 years, and those taking the course will emerge with qualifications
equivalent to an eighth grade education.

The individual interviewed by DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE explained: "After the

“courses. for seamen-fishermen or seamen-pilots have concluded, the students

will have 6 months.of practice, at the end of which they will be able to
perform duties in enterprises of the fishing sector in accordance with the
respective training, over a period of a year."

Meanwhile, at the proposal of the enterprise to which they are assigned, and
based upon their aptitude, the graduates of the seaman-fisherman or .seaman-
pilot training courses may return to school and participate in the courses
for boatswain-fisherman "C" in the first instance, and pilot "C" in the
latter; at the conclusion of which they will have qualifications on the
ninth grade level.


. Paramilitary, and the ‘Presidéntial Guard’’ are deployed. These
oa units go out to disturb the peace so that other parties may not
. campaign freely, especially where as a result of these activities, a
curfew is finally:imposed. These units do not look for dissidents.
Instead, they beat, rape,,kill the local population. I think all these
things are aimed at dehumanising and victimising people into
disclaiming their_own. political parties and ‘then becoming
members of ZANU(PF). I called for a parliamentary inquiry, i.e. a
select committee of all the parties represented in parliament, to go
, into this so-called “dissident problem’’ and discover where they
. . are, who they are, who supports them and for what purposes they
- wo are being deployed.
. > MOTO: What reaction did you receive?
Dr Nkomo: The Prime Minister and ZANU(PF) as 2 party just re-
- . fused. 1 believe that they turn down these suggestions because
ae they want this problem which is a cover under which they
organise, intimidate and try to coerce people to become. members
” of ZANU(PF). In the local government elections, especially for
the Matebeleland province, we have had a problem where elec-
tions take place and if ZANU(PF) loses, then the elections are
suspended. They are recalled and people asked to nominate candi-
dates. Nominations are made and.ZANU(PF) fails to nominate
and elections are suspended or nullified. The worst incident took
place in Beitbridge where when ZANU(PF) realised they were los-
ing the elections, they created a situation where a man was killed.
Beatings and killings took place and that was the end of those
elections. Every effort therefore must be made to make everyone
; concerned satisfied that these will be free and fair elections.
a MOTO: Dr Nkomo how large is ZAPU’s membership? .
Dr-Nkomo: It is countrywide. 1 cannot give you figures because-we
have had a problem these last four years. There have been killings
as well as refusal to grant permission for meetings in almost the
whole of Matebeleland. We are a party that is being hindered by
government left and right. Our congress however did show what
. we are,
MOTO: Would you say the party’s membership has increased or
decreased over the past four years?

Dr Nkoma: It is diffucult to say. Quite a lot of people were killed

. . a during the campaign by the Fifth Brigade. We also have a situa-
tion where ZANU(PF) tries to be the sole organisation by com-
pelling people to be in these so called ‘village commitees” ir.
respective of who they support. ZAPU members even if they are
in these village committees and, may carry ZANU(PF) cards, are
still ZAPU. We do not want to make too much crowing about
them for fear of having them victimised.

MOTO: You have also fast members through defections?

Dr Nkomo: We have not lost anybody through defections. The
situation has been that ZAPU members who have been coerced to
, feturn ZAPU cards and take ZANU(PF) cards did so. When it
came to elections, ZANU(PF) has lagged behind.
< MOTO: How about key figures in ZAPU?

Dr Nkomo: The only key figure you could mention is Msipa. Msipa
was subjected to tremendous pressure. He.was accused of having
‘used my car to transport the weapons that killed Senator Moven
Ndlovu to Beitbridge, and his security men were locked up. It was
also alleged that the weapons came out of my house. I have never
heard of any madness to beat that one. Msipa ‘subsequently
resigned, He has not joined any party. I do not begrudge him. If
. he-eventually joins ZANU, fair enough.

110


fi
JPRS#SSA=85+027
| 4 April 1985

Ce

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS.

MAIZE: EXCHANGE POSSIBLE--The Natioral Maize Producers Organisation has con-
firmed that South Africa could import maize--the staple food of 23 million
black South Africans+-from a black-ruled neighbour. An economist for the
organisation, Mr Kit le Clus, said South Aftica would suffer a shortfall of
500 000 tons of maize this year and confirmed that. maize could be imported
from Zimbabwe. According to The Observer News Service, sources in Harare
have confirmed that the Zimbabwe Cabimet is considering a deal to barter a
portion of the country's expected bumper maize harvest for South African
wheat. If the deal goes through, it will be the first time South Africa has
‘imported maize from Zimbabwe since the imposition of black rule in 1980. Mr
le Clus said local consumption for the 1985/6 year would be about six million
tons and there could be a shortfall of 500 000 tons.. Mr Dennis van Aarde,
general manager of the Wheat Board, said an inquiry for the possible export
of wheat to Zimbabwe had been received. But he said if a deal was concluded
it was unlikely it would be an exchange. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 23 Feb 85 p 1] .

JOBLESS YOUTHS IN MIDLANDS--ABOUT 72 000 young people are unémployed in the
Midlands and unless plans are made to absorb them into meaningful development
projects the figure is likely to rise, the provincial officer in the Ministry
of Youth, Sport and Culture, Cde Godfrey Mukonoweshuro, has said. Many youths
who failed 0 level examinations this year had joined the large number already
looking for jobs. Cde Mukonoweshuro told members of the district Youth,
Sport and Recreation Council in Zvishavane on Tuesday that efforts must be
made to engage the youths in co-operatives and keep them occupied in self-
reliance projects. Addressing the same meeting, a.member of the Zanu (PF)
Central Committee and District Administrator for Zvishavane, Cde Herbert
Matanga, said a feasibility study would soon be launched in the district to
identify two pilot projects where pupils who failed their 0 levels would be
engaged while supplementing the subjects they failed. [Text][Harare THE
HERALD in English 28 Feb 85 p 4]

MALNUTRITION DECREASES--THE number of undernourished children receiving help
under the supplementary feeding scheme in Kezi district has decreased. Ac-
cording to figures released by the district nutrition co-ordinator, Cde.
Mumeli Dube, more than 16 000 children were in need of immediate supplementary
feeding last year. This year the number has dropped to about 13 000. Cde
Dube said there were three main feeding centres in the area which were divided

119



JPRS-SSA- 85-027
4 April 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT’

_ CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFATRS

CEPGL Cooperation on Hydroelectric Policy Reported .
(Editorial; ELIMA, 11 Jan 85)........ cece eeeeeecsseeeeeeeees L
" GAPE VERDE

Cooperation With Spain in Various Sectors Renewed .
° (Carlos Semedo; VOZ DI POVO, 16 Jan 85) ..cysnceseeseceeeseceee 2

UCID Protests Asylum for ETA Terrorists
(O DIABO, 12 Feb 85)... .. cece cence cece eect eee rencestcetceseees &

ADB Administrator Praises Cape Verde Project Implementation

(Carlos Semedo; VOZ DI POVO, 19 Jan 85) . 6
Armed ‘Forces Promotion List Announced :
~ “* (Armindo. Rodrigues; VOZ DI POVO, 23 Jan 85).....e cece eee ceeee 8
CHAD ;
Changes in N'ejamena : Noted
- (Moriba Magassouba; AFRICA, No 168, Jan 85)..-..c..eeeeeeeeee 10
GHANA

Speculation on Plot, Tribalism, Revolution
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, No 5, 27 Feb 85)..

we seeeceeeeees 16

Free Press To Resume Publication . .
(TALKING DRUMS, No 22, 4 Mar 85).....cscce eee eeeeceesceeeeree LY

GUINEA-BISSAU

Dutch Ambassador Discusses Economic Cooperation
(Lambert D'Andembourg Interview; NO PINTCHA, 30 Jun 85)...

20



When Mr Namishi Namuchana . (Liuwa). warned that the Bill would net go through
“otherwise it will.have bruises and get crippled", the Speaker Dr Robinson
Nabulyato warned back-benchers against interrupting debates.

He said he would curtail the debate if members failed to be democratic, "I
will close the debate if honourable members begin to debate as if they are in
the jungle." . ao .

- Mrs ‘Esther Chande (Ndola) said the Bill would make it difficult for families
to support their children because everything would go up including napkins .
and baby food. . . -

. “hat are we doing? These things will be weapons against ‘us one day," she
warned. ° .

Kanyama MP Mr Alfayo Hambayi suggested that the Government should raise its
revenue by scrapping some irrelevant ministries.

Mr Moses Mrachindalo (Roan) warmed that the 15 per cent sales tax on the

price of copper wire bars would result in mass redundanciés of miners as the
Zambia Consoli~ated Copper Mines would find it difficult to maintain them.

cso: 3400/7521

103



cso:

3400/7621

‘A: Islamic leadership is based on
selt—sacrifice for the sake of Allah. In .
this country we find that in most of the:
masajid when the Imam speaks of
Salaah, fasting and other rituals then he
Is a good Imam. The minute you start
‘speaking about human rights, oppres-
sion and other factors that are causing
hardship then you are branded as
someone not fit to be an Imam.

The mutawailis put pressure on you
and. because of their high status in
society they control the masajid and
therefore the imams. They want to pro-.
Ject their type of Isiam. We should not
fight the ulema directly. We shouid get
rid of these chaps who are controlling
the masajid, because they have no bus-

- Iness there.

To the ulema we say, don’t hesitate to
speak on something relevant for fear of

losing your jobs. Your mission should « ~

be to change society and you should be

prepared to sutfer hardships forthe sake

of the Ummah. This is the lesson we:
should lear from the ulema of Iran.

63



. So _ OPRS#SSA#85#027
a : : , | 4 April 1985

_ re SENEGAL

. TACTICAL RESPONSE TO. ANTI-ISLAMIC MOVES”
Dakar ETUDES ISLAMIQUE in French Dec 84 pp 3-4
[Editorial “by Momar Kane: "Anti~Islamic Fortes: Tactical Withdrawal" -

(Text] . The man living in the latter part of the 20th Century is, by
force of circumstances, a citizen of the world; he is, in spite of ~
himself, thrown into a power play which transcends borders; at the same
time, he is thus out of his own element, caught up in the turmoil of
the present with all its myriad details; the result is the spectacle
of these men who generously, and alas very often in good faith, devote
their minds’ and energies to the defence of futile causes: A.lot.of
-Muslems run this. risk today. . .

Worldwide Cases

It's as thoush some one somewhere has decided that outside of the great
historical differences: Marxism versus liberalism, poor nations versus
rich nations, blacks versus whites and a thousand and one expressions
and their thousand and one gradations, nothing else exists, nothing else
is worthy of interest. It seems that, in order to maintain intact the
foundations of a finite world with its established civilizational
objectives and its exclusively materialistic problems, one needs an 2
alternate activity, albeit on the surface, but one that is feverish
enough to occupy men's minds. So we see the presidential race in the
U.S.A., the meeting between Reagan and Gromyko, Ceausescu at Bonn,
Mitterrand in Corsica and Great Britain, bribery in the Federal Republic
of Germany, etc.... Nothing in actual fact that can offer to the inter-
national community any hope of release from the cycle of crises in which
it. is. submerged.

oS

On the other hand, any element of the present scene, liable to focialize
the hope of change’ must be given small importance. Thus Islam-which
could not be tamed by the threats and force of the first phase, is.today
the object of a thousand "attentions".

1. The Islamic tidal wave which it was said, was threatening the free

world, and against which the most caustic pens and the most persuasive
speakers were mobilized, now seems suddenly to have subsided.

49



PARTY NEEDS. TO ALLAY UNION MISTRUST

.¢

JPRS#SSA=85+#027

| 4 April 1985
|

ZAMBIA

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Feb 85 p 1

{Editorial]

({Text]

THE labour movement is worried sick at the:
-notion that the. United National Independen-
dence Party (UNIP) is out to turn the Zambia.
Congress of Trade Unions into a mass organi-
sation, with the intention of silencing it.

They are taking the issue so seriously that
on February 7 ZCTU chairman Mr Fiederick
Chiluba threatened he would resign if such an
idea was implemented.

We have our own reservations about the
validity of these protestations. Since last year
the unions have been agitating against their
“information” that the Party wanted to
remodel trade unionism in Zambia.

They-were reassured several times that the

Party did not contemplate taking such a

move. Twice in February last year, Mr Daniel
Lisulo, Chairman of the Legal and Political
Sub-Committee of the Central Committee,
said such a. measure would depend on the
labour leaders and their members.

Mr Lisulo had described the unions’ state~
ments as ‘‘nebulous” (TIMES OF ZAMBIA,
February 13). “It is up to the members of the
labour movement to turn themselves into a

“eso: 3400/7521

98

mass organisation...’” (TIMES, February 25).
Despite all the assurances and reassuran-
ces from Party headquarters, it is worrying .

that the trade unionists have revived the
debate this year.

The Party has certainly never shut its

. doors for discussion on any-issue, n0 matter

how trivial the subject might appear. We are
wondering whether the labour. leaders who
rank highly in the Party hierarchy, have ex-
hausted their enquiries on the subject with
Freedom House.

For all we know the Party policy on free-
dom of speech, including the right to criticise
the Party itself and any other institution in
Zambia, has not changed any little bit. One
only ha$ to attend Parliament or read about
the divergence of opinion in parliamentary
debates, if one needs reassurances about his

* liberty in this country.

Surely the leadership of the unions knows |
too well about these matters to start creating
an unnecessary atmosphere of mistrust be-
tween the Party and the unions. How about
adopting ‘Dialogue 85”’ as the guiding princi-
ple in solving conflicts this year?


. Jorge Correia: The RENAMO is the counterregime legalized by the FRELIMO
itself by the 3 October agreement in Pretoria, at a time when'the FRELIMO was
_ willing to sit down with the RENAMO leaders and the president of South Africa.

- The FRELIMO has never been consistent in anything-it has done, since it prom-
ised independence but ended up by making Mozambique much more dependent, and a
colony of Moscow. In 10 years, Mozambique has slipped from one of the 10
potentially richest countries in Africa to a position among the 10 poorest

“ countries in the world. .

Machel in-his propaganda promised to carry out the will.of the people, but he
has never made the vote available to that same people. .
Since: 3 October, there has been a tripartite commission, involving South
- Africa, the RENAMO and the FRELIMO, within which de facto negotiations have

proceeded. Although the FRELIMO continued to say that it was not negotiating
with the “armed bandits," we were in fact all sitting down at the same table.
We are the best alternative to the regime in Mozambique, enjoying the benefit
of the doubt, because we have not yet failed.

- The military triumph of the RENAMO is a reality. In 1977, it began with
. military actions in the center of the country, and in 1985, the whole country
: “is in a state of war, with Maputo in permanent collapse. If it had not been
for the intervention of the South Africans, with their technical capacity,
Maputo would have been permanently without electricity. The capacity to
destroy is always’ greater than the-capacity to rebuild. Maputo is a capital
at war, besieged. The people cannot’ leave the city. And it is the FRELIMO
itself which asks them not to leave, since it cannot guarantee their safety
outside the city.

As to our military situation, we have 22~-25,000 men on a permanent war
footing, with the support of more than 90 percent of the population.

‘ TEMPO: How do you know of the support of the people?

Jorge Correia: We know of it because of our ability to move about the
country. We can only grow with the support of the people. If we had not had
this full support for 7 years, we would never have been able to get beyond
where we began.

TEMPO: The RENAMO is not recognized by the OAU.. Has anything been done in
this direction? What type of support do you have on the African continent and
abroad? .

Jorge Correia: The OAU is an organization of African states. The RENAMO is
not a state. It is not fighting for the independence of a country. We are
the armed opposition to an established regime. -The OAU will continue to
tecognize Mozambique if the RENAMO is in power. And we want Mozambique to
continue within the OAU. .

As to the support we have: from other countries, as a result of the fact that
these same countries maintain diplomatic relations with Mozambique, we cannot

23



. FREE PRESS TO RESUME PUBLICATION

London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2 No 22,4 Mar 85 p 24
frext]

cso:

The Free Press has resumed publication
after almost two years of what has been
reported in the maiden issue as “enforced
silence and imposed limbo’’ and without its
first editor, John Kugblenu who died soon
after he had been released from detention
which lasted from June 22, 1983 to July 12,
1

The resurrection story of the Free Press is
told by the paper’s managing editor, Mr
Tommy Thompson, who together with the
late editor and a columnist Mike Adjei, was
arrested and dumped in jail in the
aftermath of the June 19, 1983 abortive:
coup against Fit-Lt Rawlings’ military

e.

“The three were among many Ghanaians
arrested on suspicion by the security
agencies of having links, remote or

otherwise with the destabilisation attempt. -

Two days after the event, a team of plain

¢ dothed men from the Bureau of National

Investigations (BNI) invaded the offices of
the paper to search, without warrant, for
subversive documents, ammunition and

arms.

The homes of the three journalists were
also searched and even though nothing
incriminating. was found, they were
conveyed in a Land Rover vehicle to the
headquarters of the Special Branch for
further interrogation.

‘On this occasion they were released to go
back home but a day later they were picked
up again for further interrogation and into
Neswam jail where: they remained till their

3400/762

19

JPRS#;

SSA#85#027

| Vapril 1985

release: on July 12, 1984 without any
charges preferred against them.
According to the Managing Editor, the

the belief that, unlike others who have
chosen to emigrate to enable them to go
freely about their various callings in other
countries, he and his team have a task to re-

* structure the Ghanaian society and this is

why they have chosen to stay in Ghana. He
said ‘‘as-it was yesterday and is today, the
Free Press has never believed in subversion.
We would not be in the open market of
ideas, if we believed in subversion but
rather in the dark corridors of conspiracy
planning to stab whilst other men slept. We
believe in service to our nation and have
since 1966 chosen to stay home whilst
others left.

Unlike men of dissent such as Shakarov,
the Soviet physicist, who chose to emigrate
to enable them go freely about their
various calling in other countries, we havea
cause to believe that with a task to
restructure the Ghanaian society, the
struggle to guarantee personal security is at
home and not to abandon Ghana.

Having decided to stay in Ghana, and
having chosen the open forim of
journalism, we are surely bound to engage
in the debate, in the inter-play of ideas, a
game in which friends even occasionally

er.

GHANA ~

- decision to re-print the paper stems from -

The: paper is edited by Mr Kabral Blay-"

» who returned to Ghana after
nine months’ course:in Europe to find his
job as Director of the Ghana Institute of
Journalism taken away from him.


Indirect

‘Contributing to the debate on the Sales tax increase, Mr Mundia said indirect
taxation was imposed on all those who owned ‘enterprises to help the Government
raise revenue and commended Mr Mvananshilu for pursuing the modern trend.

Back-benchers disagreed with the minister and said the Bill was not in the
interest of the people. .

Leading the attack on the Bill, Mr Francis Matanda (Kafue) criticised the
increase in the price of yeast because the price of bread would automatically
go up and make it difficult for the average Zambian. to afford. .

Mr Mufaya Mumbuna (Nalilwanda) said: "This Bill is unwelcome as far as I am
Concerned. The Government has been Caught in the spider's web. The only
alternative is to. scrap it. We don't want to see disaster in this nation one
day."

Mr Mumbuna said life in Zambia was becoming increasingly unbéarable, especially
for the rural dweller. the Bill was a blanket tax as everything would go up,
"School shoes will cost K80 while uniforms will be fetching K90 a pair."

"These taxes are making the Government unpopular. The morale of Zambians today
has reached its lowest ebb. -I¢ I am-cheating, let us conduct a national refer-
endum," he suggested. . :

Mongu MP Mr Munukayumbwa Sipalo said he would not support the Bill because

the cost of living in Zambia was now becoming the cost of life and "soon, it
will be the cost of dying". .

He said 15 per cent tax on all goods was unfair "and I don't think any reason-
able person can support this”,

Mr Job Michello (Monze) reminded the House that the United States broke away
from Britain because of overtaxation.

"Today America is a powerful nation. If we continue to overtax the people,
they will rebound and create Problems for the Government, he said.

MP for Sinjembela Mr Albert Limbo vaised a point of order on whether Petauke
MP and governor Reverend Ben Zulu, who supported the Bill "as a member of the
Government" was in order to say it was for the benefit of the people,

102.


The government newspapers have also just.cited the sabotaging of a bridge, an
incident which upset the highway traffic near the capital.

Every cooperant returning from thé interior has described the effects of the
atmosphere of insecurity.

In Nampula Province (in the northeastern part of the country), the technicians
can no longer venture beyond a radius ranging between 10 and 30 kilometers. '

In the ‘southern part of that same , province, in the Zambeze region, the villages
are becoming totally isolated. _

A group of Italian technicians who. have been building ‘two dams are protected by
two battalions of Mozambican Armed Forces.

Demob: ilization

Some individuals mention a major demobilization, both among the population and
the military, who are poorly equipped. The United States has just promised
military aid amounting to over $1 million, in the form of uniforms and other
items to be provided to the military, who are armed by the Soviets.

-Western ‘diplomatic circles are convinced that the military and the militia
members, also struck by famine, are engaged in excesses in connection with the
population, practices which are starting to be criticized in the government
newspapers.

In the political realm, the leaders who continue to call for Marxism-Leninism,
and who simultaneously decided since 1983 to follow a liberalization of the
economy, are preparing to suffer the consequences of the failure of the N'Komati
Accord, which they have not yet gone so far as to question.

‘The situation is scheduled to be examined by the political commission and, later,
by the central commission, and eventually the debates will continue in the area
of the National People's Assembly and the Council of ‘Ministers.

The questions which all the observers pose (as « do the Mozambicans also, generally
speaking) relate. to the country's future.

But they also relate. to the intentions of the South Africans and to those of the
Americans themselves. -

Washington has expressed great interest, inasmuch as the N'Komati Accord could
foster the unblocking of the situation in Namibia-and Angola, as well as the
departure of the Cubans from this latter country; which is still one of the
main concerns of the government in the White House.

31



were already assembled for the press conference. I just took it and
“read it. It was then that I discovered I was reading resolutions that.
7 had been presented to congress for debate and not the approved
wo paolutions. I then told the press I was embargoing the conference
because there was something wrong. My remarks at the last cone
ference after I got the final resolutions were published around the
world. The people here were never told what happened but this is
the game that we get in a Press which is the sovernment’s 's
* mouthpiece.

MOTO: It was reported in The Herald of October 17 that one re-
solution called for the elimination of all obstacles to free and fair
elections by removing people whose presence would not be con-
“ducive to such conditions. Could you clarify this? . ”

Dr‘Nkomo: The resolution did not say that. It called on government
to remove all elements that would not be conducive to free and
fair elections, We meant the Fifth Brigade, the Militia,
Paramilitary groups, the constabulary—that is.a ZANU(PF)
force. Let there.be only one police: force and national army
together with their original branches.

MOTO: Would ZAPU consider sharing political power with ZANU
@s was the original plan after 1980 elections?

Dr Nkomo: We were invited to join the ZANU government. They
had sufficient manpower to go on their own. Although we were
very unhappy about the way the elections had been conducted, we
agreed to join them because we wanted to see the independence
of Zimbabwe take off. We finally found that.a disaster when
Nkala said, “‘we wanted ZAPU to help us consolidate our in-

Now that we have consolidated it, to hell with
_ ZAPU”. It appears in fact that this is what they wanted, . a

CSO: 3400/668

112



|” UPRS#SSA#854027
| 4 April-1985
\

: SOUTH AFRICA

AMERICAN ATTITUDES TERMED‘ 'ISOLATIONIST', 'MORALISTIC' : . -

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 Jan 85 p 14

[Article by Dawie: “This is How South Africa Could Become a Second Vietnam
for the United States"]

[Text] In the United States there are presently two conflicting attitudes
concerning South Africa, but both contain elements of ‘two fundamental American
ways of thinking.

On the one hand, there is isolationism, the idea that the United States should
not get involved in the problems and disputes of other countries. This is
what initially kept the country out of the two world wars and after ‘the First
World War kept it out of the League of Nations.

“After the Second World War, it was forced virtually in spite of itself to play
an ever greater international role, but the basic isolationist instinct has
not disappeared entirely. It still asserts itself sometimes quite strongly,
such as when Americans become impatient about what they see as the contrari-~
ness of West European countries.

On the other hand, there is the equally deeply-rooted moralistic tendency,
which motivates many Americans to subject their country's relations with ~
other countries to moral considerations.

Sometimes the moralistic approach has strengthened the isolationist instinct.
Aversion to what was viewed as the depravity of Europe, in political as well
as other areas, contributed to the earlier American refusal to get involved
in Europe. But sometimes morality has entered into conflict with isolation-
ism and pushed the United States into courses of action which the country
would never have taken had it remained faithful to its isolationist heritage.

Disinvestment

The. present American government policy of “constructive engagement" towards
South Africa is on the one hand in keeping with the isolationist way of
thinking to the extent that the government refuses to actively intervene

in this country. On the other hand, the concept of "constructive" includes
a concession to moralistic considerations. The understanding is that the
goverment is not doing nothing at all, but rather helping to bring something
about. . L

55



Gweru MOTO in English No 31, Feb 85 pp 5-6

RKOMQ OUTLINES ISSUES OF ELECTION, MISTAKES OF RULING PARTY

MOTO: What are the major issues of the next general elections?
Dr Nkomo: The main problem that has hindered: progress in this
country is the creation of a false security situation. People ought
to be free to move around the country without having to produce
cards, and without roadblocks all over the country. Roadblocks
should be’ there only when the situation calls for it. Young men,
most of whom went through the war, are permanently manning
dbloacks, and permanently living in tents. We must see to it

that they settle down and'rest. They must remain as soldiers in the.

barracks, only called upon when there is a problem. We therefore
must not create a forced disturbed situation for them.

Once we have done that, we then face the economy which is
almost collapsing. Then we have the resettlement problem. Peo-
ple want to have their fields, cattle, goats, sheep — things which
are life and blood for our people but they find themselves in ex-
actly the same position five years after independence as they were
before. I am not pretending that-if ZAPU was in power, it would
have changed the situation completely. But, we would have set the
mation towards a complete resettlement of the entire population.

MOTO: What is ZAPU’s ideology and the party’s platform for the
the elections?

Dr Nkomo: I’m afraid that will come in our manifesto. I do not
“ want to give it improptu.

MOTO: How would you describe the political climate leading up to
the elections?

Dr Nkomo: | do hope that in the national elections we have to set
our procedure, first by adhering to the constitution, and the Elec-
toral Act, and then we have the Electoral Supervisory Commis-
sion. One hopes that the political parties involved in the elections
will have discussions with the Commission to bring forward their
views on How electionsshould be conducted without fear of rigg-
ing or possibly some type of maipractices.

MOTO: Do you think the elections.will be characterized by heavy
violence?

Dr Nkomo: We must consider the situation especially in Matebele-
land where there has been a lot of coercive action by Government
following: what is said to be. ‘‘dissident activities’, As the years
have unfolded from 1982, I think it has become perfectly clear
that what are called the dissident activities in fact, some if not all are
conducted by ZANU(PF) in order to create a situation where
units like the Fifth Brigade, the Youth Brigade, the Militia,

109

JPRS#SSA285-027
4 April 1985

ee
ZIMBABWE”

{Interview with Dre Joshua Nkomo, leader of ZAPU, date, place not specified]



r

UPRS#SSAx852027
. 4 April 1985

|
A
|

QQ
SOUTH AFRICA

REFORMED CHURCH CONDEMNS DISCRIMINATION > ~
‘cape Town DIE. BURGER in Afrikaans 22 Jan 85 p 3
[Article: "Church Campaigns for Human Rights"]

[Text] Potchefstroom—The National Synod of the Reformed Church has adopted
a declaration of human rights in which an appeal was approved to help do away
with all discrimination in South Africa. .

The declaration, which was drawn up by the Reformed Ecumenical Synod (RES),
includes recognition of the right of people to free association, the right
of all citizens to participate responsibly in the political process, the
tight to freedom of choice in education and the right to be free of all forms
of discrimination.

A resolution to voice higher esteem for the “informative and thorough" report
on human rights was accepted by a large majority.

The Synod resolved to translate the declaration and the accompanying pastoral
epistle and to make it available in pamphlet form to all church councils and
congregations.

During the debate, several speakers raised objections to the declaration. An
elder, Mr Roelf de Beer, said that.people abroad have opinions about what .
discrimination is, while it is the normal way of life in South Africa.

“The Synod took note "in particular" of a clause in the declaration concerning
South Africa, and resolved to endorse the appeal included in it.

Member churches of the GES in South Africa are urged to do everything in their
power to help do away with the legal discrimination still in effect in this
country. °

The declaration says that although attempts are being made to do away with
discrimination, member churches should do everything possible to help entrench
the above-mentioned human rights in the administration of justice and in the
constitution.

12271
CSO: 3401/92

73 '



Jorge Correia: Mozambique has always had natural catastrophes and it has
always been able to respond. When people die of hunger, it is because the
Mozambican state is’ not functioning.’ The people have no’ motivation to work”
because they are anly producing the minimum they need. There is no accumula-
tion of wealth. This is a problem of state organization.

TEMPO: Does the regime the RENAMO wants to establish take into account the
African reality, where its civilization and traditions, whether of a social or
cultural nature, are concerned? . .

Jorge Correia: The RENAMO is an organization which was born of the people
itself. It is a nationalist movement which defends the fundamental.nature of

“the Mozambican people, and respect for their culture and customs. .

5157
CSO: 3442/166

25



| JPRSHSSA#85=027
4 April 1985

. ee
- ZAIRE

THPROYEMENTS IN ‘TRANSPORATION SYSTEM DISCUSSED
“Transportation Agreement Strengthened

Kinshasa ELINA in French 19 Dec 84 PP 1,5

{Article by Monsa Iyaka Duku]

{Text] Transportation problems were discussed during the meeting which
citizen Kengo wa Dondo, member of the Central Committee and Political Bureau
and prime commissar of state, had yesterday at. the Council Hotel with His
Excellency Mounthault Hilaire, the Congolese minister of transportation and
civil aviation, and member of the Political Bureau of the Congolese Labor
Party. As a matter of fact, Zaire and the Congo have already signed an
agreement on aviation. The only subject that remains to be dealt with is
the routes to be operated. On this score, the Congolese minister said, the
two countries' experts will be. in constant consultation with each other to
ldetermine the routes which the Lina Congo and Air Zaire companies respectively
will operate.

Besides this essential goal, the two officials also examined the problem of
the pool crossing. Originally, the two countries were considering the
possibility of creating a joint river company for pool transporation. But
problems arose and’ there was equivocation on both sides.

Since, moreover, FIMA [expansion unknown]. is a private company, the Congo
expects to use its own boats. Here also, the Congolese stateman said, it
is important to establish agreements between the two banks so as to decide
on the turn around schedule and the means of obtaining this transporation.
The Congolese minister concluded that his ideas on all the problems raised
had beenvery favorably received by the prime commissar of state.

Earlier, the host of the coordinator of the executive took the opportunity
to congratulate the prime commissar of state on his brilliant reappointment
as the executive coodinator, "In Brazzaville, we follow daily what happens
in your country. We know how effectively the prime commissare of ‘state ful-
fills his office in your government, supported by Guide Mobutu Sese Seko.

We follow all the efforts which the Zairian government is making towards the

development of its country under the leadership of Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko.
His brother Sasou Nguessou is doing the same for the economic development of

91



JPRS=SSA¥85#027
4 April 1985

- CAPE VERDE

ADB ADMINISTRATOR PRAISES CAPE VERDE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 19 Jan 85 p 3 .
[article by Carlos Semedo:. -"Cape Verde Projects Are 100 Percent Carried Out"]

[Text] "Cape Verde is the country which best knows how to manage the re~
sources made available to it," Pierre.Moussa, the administrator of the African
Development Bank (ADB) said during a press conference held at the Hotel Mar
on Wednesday.

The ADB administrator stayed in Cape Verde 8 days and held talks on the
highest level, with Prime Minister Pedro Pires and Minister of Economy and
Finance Osvaldo Lopes da Silva, in particular. He inspected projects under
way in Praia and Sao Vicente which are being. financed with ADB funds. Pierre
Moussa said that other projects are to be financed by the ADB, with plans
including improvements on the port of Sao Vicente and projects in the educa-
tional sector. .

In speaking to representatives of the country's media, Pierre Moussa began by
thanking the government of Cape Verde for the confidence placed in him as the
administrative official in charge of the group of countries of which Cape
Verde, along with Chad, Nigeria, Somalia and Sudan, is a part. He said more-
over that his trip to Cape Verde came within the context of the tours made of
the ADB member nations, and that these contacts are vital to the efficiency
of the future steps the ADB may take concerning these countries. He recalled
that this was his third visit to our country, and he expressed admiration for
the progress Cape Verde has made in the 10 years since it gained independence.
In his view, this is due to the fact that full implementation is assured for
the economic and social development projects in Cape Verde financed by
foreign sources.

Speaking about the institution he represents, he said that it was established
within the framework of the OAU in 1963, and that at that time, the peoples
of Africa showed. great political awareness, since they soon understood that
it was not possible to have development unless it was envisioned by the
African peoples themselves. It was in a great spirit of responsibility that
the establishment of the ADB took place, with this spirit replacing all of
the skepticism and nurturing hope. The ADB has not in any way proved to be
the transitory organization many foresaw. It was established with capital
totaling $250 million, and 20 years later, it has $6.5 billion. Concerning



; -JPRS#SSA~854027
| 4 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REFORMED CHURCH DOORS,. PULPITS OPEN TO ALL RACES’
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 Jan 85 pp 1,8 :
[Article: “All Races Allowed: Reformed Church's Doors Open"]

(Text] Potchefstroom—-No one may be excluded from a public
worship service—including holy commuriion—on the basis of
race or color, the National Synod of the Reformed Church
resolved here yesterday. .

In keeping with the resolution adopted the day before that race also cannot
be a criterion for complaint by the church, the Synod declared that the
church's pulpits are open to Colored clergy.

The church also repeated its rejection of the Mixed Marriages Act. Represen-
tations for the repeal of that law were made earlier to the government.

=. The Synod did not accept a proposal on common worship that placed great empha-

“sis on human diversity, and in its place passed the following resolution with
a scant majority of votes:

Unity
"The unity of the church as the body of Christ must be recognized. °

"Because of linguistic and cultural differences it may be desirable to form
separate congregations, often with individual ways of preaching and worship,
and in these cases it is not wise to force external, and thus artificial
unity, but rather to recognize the diversity of the people of God.

“Where specific churches exist among diverse groups of people, however, no
person may be excluded from a worship service on the basis of race or color.

"A common worship service, including holy communion, between Christians regard-
less of race is an expression of the unity of the body of Christ. Such a
worship service of the faithful, from various races and peoples, is a sign

of the unity of the church and of the communion of saints, and can serve as
Christian witness to the world."

7%



The willingness of the government to negotiate also with blacks should not be
seen as a lack of resolution to bring about effective government. .

“Through agreements with independent ‘black states about the rights of their
citizens in South Africa, they have already begun giving a new content to the
concept of citizenship. . .

8463 . . . . ae
¢S0: 3401/100 . : a

80



UPRS4SSA+85#027
| 4 April 1985

. mo : : . CAPE VERDE

COOPERATION, WITH SPAIN IN VARIOUS SECTORS RENEWED

Praia VOZ DI POVO- in Portuguese 16 Jan 85 pp 1-2

[article by Carlos Semedo]

[Text] Secretary of State for Cooperation and Planning Jose Brito and Spanish
Director-General for International Technical Cooperation Jose Luis Pardos
signed a memorandum last Saturday, 12 January, establishing the bases for the
development of cooperation between Cape Verde and Spain. .

Cooperation between the two countries is currently limited to the areas of
vocational training, fishing and farm development. However, the talks held
during the visit paid by the Spanish director-general for international tech-
nical cooperation made it possible to clarify some of. the economic sectors in
which the two countries can undertake cooperation, among which are industry
and energy, education, etc.

It will be recalled that the first general scientific cooperation agreement
between Cape Verde and Spain was. signed in 1979.

"Cape Verde is the country which best knows. how to manage the resources made
available to it," African Development Bank (ADB) administrator Pierre Moussa
said during a press conference held Wednesday at the Hotel Mar.

The ADB administrator stayed in Cape Verde for 8 days, holding talks on the
highest level, with Prime Minister Pedro Pires and Minister of Economy and
Finance Osvaldo Lopes da Silva, in particular. He visited projects financed
with ADB funds which are in progress in Praia and Sao Vicente. According to
Pierre Moussa, other projects will be financed by that body, including the
planned improvement of the port of Sao Vicente and projects in the educational
sector.
Speaking to representatives of the mass media in the country, Pierre Moussa
began by thanking the government of Cape Verde for the confidence it has
Placed in him as the administrator responsible for the group of countries to
which Cape Verde belongs, along with Chad, Nigeria, Somalia and Sudan. He
said, on the other- hand, that his visit to Cape Verde is a part of the series
of tours he is making to ADB member countries, and that these contacts are
vital to the efficiency of many future undertakings the ADB may approve with
regard to these countries. He recalled that this was his third visit to our


of service as well. Everything must change after the expiry of the last col-
lective agreement," The workers said management had proposed a K24 rise for
the lowest paid and K7 for the highly paid for two years and they felt this
was "peanuts" because of the high inflation rate in Zambia. [Text] [Lusaka
TIMES OF ZAMBIA‘in English 16 Feb 85 p 1]

MAIZE MISHANDLERS TO BE SACKED--Minister of Co-operatives, Mr Justin Mukando
has threatened to dismiss provincial marketing and co-operative officers who
fail to take maize to safe storage depots ‘this season, He said more than .
eight million bags of maize may be harvested this season and no grain should
be soaked as was the case last season'when over 80,000 bags in Eastern and
about 15,000 in Northern provinces were soaked. "If this happens this year.
‘ anywhere, it will not only be the board that will go but the general manager
will have received his last salary as at the date of that incident. "In 1985,
Iwill not hesitate to use my powers under the Act to punish any erring or
otherwise imcompetent officer’ of a co-operative," Mr Mukando said. The
minister issued the warning when opening the annual conference of provincial
marketing and co-operative officers at the Co-operative College in Lusaka
yesterday, [Excerpt] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 15 Feb 85 p 5]

TAZARA TO RECEIVE ENGINES--Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority [TAZARA] is to
receive 22 engines from Moteren-Und Turbinen-Union [MTU] in West Germany to
repower eleven locomotives, Power Transport and. Communication Permanent Secre-
tary, Mr Nedson Nyoni said yesterday. Mr Nyoni said TAZARA which has ‘so far
repowered a big number of its locomotives with MIU engines will continue with
the exercise until they get enough locomotives to make the railway operations
more efficient. He said the process to repower the Chinese locomotives has
been slow due to lack of funds. The operations of the 1,860 km railway, built
through a loan from the Chinese government has for a long time been hampered
by financial and technical problems. In view of TAZARA's insufficient leco-
motive power, the Zambian and Tanzanian governments agreed to buy the new
engines from West Germany to improve operations. [Text] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY
MAIL in English 15 Feb 85 p 7]

cso: 3400/760

108



Of all the atrocities ‘committed by this government, this is the one which -
will be most fatal to the Afrikaner people. Action must be taken against
this everywhere at once with vigor and responsibility.

12494
cso: 3401/89

78



JPRS#SSA¥85-027

4 April 1985

COMPANIES IGNORE DIRECTIVE TO STOP UNION DUES COLLECTION

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES OF “2aMBIA in English 24 Feb 85 p 3

{Text ]

cso:

“TWO major parastatal companies and the Mini-
stry of Labour and Social Services are reluc-
tant to implement the controversial statutory
instrument which revokes deductions of sub-
scription for unions whose members go on

strike.

The Zambia State- In-
surance Corporation
(ZSIC), and the “Zambia
Consolidated Copper
Mines (ZCCM) whose
workers went on strike on

wy Tuesday say they would

not stop deducting union
dues for the Zambia
Union of Financial Insti-
tutions and Allied
Workers (ZUFIAW) and
the_Mitieworkers Union
of Zambia (MUZ). res-
pectively.

“We do not want to
jump from one trouble
to another.” a spokes-
man ‘of ZSIC said when
asked whether the com-
pany would comply with
the statutory instrument
issued by the Minister of

Labour and Social ~

Services Mr Frederick
Hapunda.

He said the corporation
had just solved one
problem for which
workers went on strike
and. would -not like to
provoke the situation.

A ZCUM spokesman said
the circumstances, under
which the 150 workers
failed to report for work
did not fall under the

3400/753

provision ‘of that laid
down by the Ministry of
-Labour = and Social
Services. :
“In-any case, we as em-
ployers are required.
before we-undertake-this
particular provision to
- have necessary consuita-
tions between ourselves
and officials of the
Ministry of Labour and
Social “Services,” the
‘spokesman said.

But a ZCCM source said
the management did not
want to implement the
Statutory instrument for
fear of ‘*antagonising
employees".

“How would the employees
take it if after amicably
solving one problem we
went to them and said
the stop order had been
withdrawn?”

Permanent secretary in
the Ministry of Labour
and Social Services Mr
Vincent Malauni-declin-
ed to comment on
whether the" ministry
would implement the
instrument on MUZ and
ZUFIA

In nua, Mr Hapunda
revoked the Trade Union
(Deductions of — sub-
scriptions) regulations on
unions whose members
were involved in a strike.

104

He said in a supplement

to a special Government
Gazette of Januarv 20.
“any deductions made
shall be revoked and

.become null and void

from the day when a
trade. union or the
benefit of which such an
order is made. goes on.an
illegal -strike whether

- official or unofficial.""
The instrument has already

provoked the Zambia
Congress of Trade
Unions who have threat-
ened: to contest the case
in court.

Meanwhile. two more

strikes have taken place
—one in Ndola and the
other in Solwezi. The
Ndola_ strike involved
workers at Crown Cork
company who were
demanding the removal
of the general manager
Mr John Bone and the
production supervisor Mr
Neil Samusungwa.

The strike in  Solwezi

By the

involved council workers
protesting against the
continued non-payment
of their four months’
salaries.

weekend, the
National Union of Build-
ing, Engineering and
General Workers Union
were still negotiating
with management.

was not yet known
whether the
council and Crown Cork
would implement the
new statutory instrument.

Solwezi ~

ZMBIA


» JPRS¥SSA#85x027
4 April 1985

|

ZAIRE

PROTECTION. OF -INDUSTRIES DECLARED TEMPORARY ~
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 21 Jan 85 pp 1,6 -
{article:,"Temporary Protection, Not a Return to Monopolies"]*

(Text} It was with a certain amount of apprehension that public opinion
learned Last Friday of the Executive Council's decision to grant protection
to four Zairian industries who say they are in danger of being stifled as a
consequence of the liberalization measures taken 16 months ago as part of the
economic. and financial adjustment program worked out with the International
Monetary Fund (IMF).

As a matter of fact, when the decision was announced, many people immediately
thought that it amounted to a.step by step return to the system of monopolies.
These monopolies, once granted to certain economic entrepreneurs, gave rise
to all kinds of abuses.and seriously disrupted the channels of the national
economy.

On this subject, it is worth recalling that umbhappy era when holders of
monopolies amused themselves by contriving shortages with a view to bringing
about exorbitant price hikes. The system was the more permicious in that.
these quotas were the prerogative of brothers, cousins, friends and *

- acquaintances who could set themselves up as traders or distributors dvernight
as part of a network of criminal intermediaries.

Thanks to the courageous economic and financial measures taken by the
president-founder in September 1983, measures which instituted economic
liberalism, this wfortunate situation was in large measure ironed out.

Free competition, at the same time that it spurred rivalry in the trade and
investment sectors’, flooded the local markets with current consumer products
which since then have dropped in price to satisfactory levels..

Taking into account. these results brought about by the complete liberaliza-
tion of the national economy, the executive council is determined to oppose
concentrations and monopolies of commercial activities. Monopolies disrupt
the laws of the market. and discourage businessmen. Consumers are at their
mercy and are subject to their will.

89



-

| PRSHSSA285%027
4 April 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE on ESHOWE CONGRESS , AFRIKANER THINKING ~
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Jan 85 p 13°

[Interview with the Rev Allan Hendrickse, leader of the Labor Party and
minister without portfolio in the Central Cabinet by Peter Sidego; date and
place not specified]

(Text] [Question] Have you yet regretted the historic Eshowe decision to
participate in the new South-African constitutional restructuring?

[Answer] No. But rather, the fact that many people misunderstand Eshowe
and others purposely have misinterpreted it;. I have no doubt that we made
the right décision at the right time. °

[Question] Has your view of the Afrikaner changed since Eshowe and
especially after the constitution change has been effected?

{Answer] I am glad to observe that a dramatic turn-around has taken place
in Afrikaner thinking, conception and disposition. I not only experience
this as a cabinet member but I perceive a change in thinking in general.

Honest

To me a change in disposition is the most important foundation for change in
South Africa. Remember, of all people it is the Afrikaner who has leaned
over most to accommodate us. .

[Question] Do you believe that the: whites are honest in their intention
towards the Coloreds and with the reform process?

(Answer] What has struck me is that the Afrikaners in general are so honest
and direct. Even with the right-wing radicals you know where you stand —
they will frankly state what they think. Even if the change and movement
has been caused by pressure and fear, 3 as has-often been said, it is always
honest. ~ -
[Question] How do you see the way the press has interpreted your
participation in the new constitutional restructuring?

[Answer] The English-speaking press has seen’ our participation as a °
sell-out of those who have been wronged and as a denial of the rights of the
blacks, without taking into account our circumstances and realities, as well
as the ultimate goal.

57



JPRS#SSAE852027
4 April 1985

U.S. TELEVISION. PROGRAM ON SOUTH AFRICA, REACTION DISCUSSED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23. Jan 85 p14

(Editorial: "Striking Blows"
[Text] Most South Africans have grown so accustomed to the glaring bias
against South Africa shown in foreign news reports that they scarcely get
annoyed any more. However, it would be wrong to believe that such reports are
mot seriously to their country's disadvantage, because they are believed. abroad
even by numerous influential people who do not want to-go to the trouble of

. finding out the true. facts. :

In America, however, there is now a highly interesting dispute developing in
journalistic circles in connection with the recent CBS television program in
which an attempt was made to actually show "the other side" of the South
African situation. .

The broadcast unleashed. sacrosanct indignation from those journalists till

- bent on presenting their readers, listeners. and viewers with only the ugly
face of South Africa. Things got so bad that Morley Safer, the television
journalist who put together the CBS broadcast, has now bluntly told his critics
off, and landed a few clean striking blows. y

In a letter to the NEW YORK TIMES, Safer writes that one gets the impression
that there are those who might find it discouraging that changes are indeed
taking place in a country like South Africa. Such changes do not fit in "the
fantasy of a Gotterdammerung hoped for fervently by a numberof people."

In his television program, an attempt was made to place South Africa against
the background of the entire African continent, which "is certainly not an
unreasonable or unfair approach." It-is, Safer writes, naturally not an
approach that meets with the approval of the ideologues who want to misuse
South Africa for political ends in the United States.

Safer dispenses many more truths in this manner, a manner that will certainly
not make him popular among the many journalists who have conditioned themselves
to such an extent that they simply can no longer think and report objectively
about South Africa. But if this were to push only a handful towards greater
introspection, then it would be a gain.

53



customers; who are there every night to wriggle.on an unsuitable concrete dance
floor to the deafening rhythms of the Chari Jazz Group, which plays for all it ~
is worth, do not seem at all worried about their future. As for the lower
classes in Sabangali or Bololé, two of the capital's most crowded neighborhoods,
where the Prophet's birthday was celebrated with quiet contemplation, the search
for daily bread is their sole concern of the moment. The war seems so far away
from this world, where the appeals for vigilance and mobilization meet with
Little’ response!

No tiore war? Don't gount on it. The echoes from the conference of chiefs of
state of France and Africa have reached even into the humblest homes thanks to
the miracle of the transistor. People did not expéct. much to come out of that
conference, and they were not disappointed. Wait and wait some more—always
wait. One would think that Chadians had inexhaustible reserves of. patience.
For the moment, efforts are being directed at mobilization for national recon—
struction, and it seems that nothing will weaken the determination being shown
by the Chadians. The last scene I remember from N'Djamena is that of a group
of young Gorane warriors from the Office of the President who were droning the
alphabet. and rapturously discovering on a big blackboard the secrets of the
white man's language, for which they had once felt the deepest contempt. There
they were: each with a Kalashnikov in one hand and a piece of chalk in the
other. It was an unmistakable sign. Chadians are not going to wait for the
state of belligerency with Libya to end before rebuilding their country.

¢

11798
CSO: 3419/247



| JPRSHSSA¥85+027
4. April 1985

NIGERIA

21,000 ABUJA RESIDENTS TO BE RESETTLED ELSEWHERE
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in Englsih 14 Feb 85 PP 1, 13°

ABOUT 21,000 people resident in more than five villages
within the phase one development area of the Federal Capital
Territory, Abuja would be resettled elsewhere to give room
for development.

This was made known by the Minister of the territory,
Major-General Mamman Vatsa while laying the foundation
stone of Usafa settlement scheme for villages to be displaced
by the Usuma Dam Project.

‘The minister said an area of about 875 hectares had been
‘surveyed and a design for the settlement area would soon be

. made ready.
+ _He said villages to be affected in the area. would include
Garki, Maitama Sabo, Maitama Tsoho, Kukwaba and Jabi to
be resettled at new Kubwa ‘town. .

“General Vatsa assured that each of the villages would as

best as possible be allowed to retain their identity and com-

munity leaders. .

(Text]

ty

CSO: 3400/783

He said those that opted to re-
‘main within the capital territory
‘when the territory was carved
out would be resettled com-
pulsorily if their present land was
Tequired for development.

He said schools and other
necessary facilities would be pro-
vided.within walking distance of
every resettlement area and
warned that parents that failed to
send their children to school
would be penalised.

, General Vatsa said three
villages would be resettled in the
area to be flooded by the Usuma
‘Dam when construction work in
the ‘resettlement area is com-
deted.

* The villages — Jigo, Payi and
Kwabara -~'with a popilation of

44

1,200 peopie would occupy an
area approximately 120 hectares,
he said. . - ae
He told the villagers that new
farmlands have been cleared for

‘them and would be allocated

before the rains begin.

He warned them not to
cultivate their. present
farmlands

eventually be flooded adding that
no compensation would be paid to
any farmer that failed to heed the
advice.

‘The minister said he was aware
that some of the people displaced
have not been compensated and
assured that this would be done
immediately .funds were
available. .



"We have problems stemming from a process of liberation struggle; but we also
have prospects of solving, over the short and medium ters, our country's -
problems in the economic, social and political areas, in terms of mobilization |
of the masses, so that they will acquire an awareness of what national recon-
struction is."

In the words of that member:of the MLSTP Politburo: “After the national libera-
tion struggle, there wag a movement of euphoria and liberty; but later we had
to realize that miracles do not happen unless there is an effort, and if we
note that there is an entire. perspective from which all the elements existing
on the national level must be engaged in the new process. ~

"Hence, we are a country which inherited an unbalanced economy, dependent
upon export’ products, without infrastructures; an exploited country which must
start anientire new principle of life, with a shortage of ¢adres, with disease
problems and a series of issues confronting us at the present time which we
must cope with, counting, at every step, on the support from international
cooperation," she emphasized, adding:

"Every country must have an awareness of its problems. So, we are aware, and
we accept the challenge, which we shall attempt to resolve insofar as possible."

The Role of Culture

The economic and social problems constitute a major priority, because they have
an extremely important role to play in the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and
Principe. However, the enhancement of cultural values is not a task that has
been neglected. When asked about the symposium held in her country, and about
the image of Comrade Francisco Tenreiro and about other initiatives that have
been scheduled, Alda Espirito ‘Santo,’ -who is also a poet, declared:

"We realize that we have not yet taken the necessary steps to have the enhance-
ment of cultural values achieve its true progress. :
"There was a preliminary discussion of the work.done by Francisco Tenreiro.

And at that symposium prospects were offered for the holding of a larger-sized
colloquium atwhich Francisco Tenreiro's comrades could be present."

With regard to the cultural activity in Sao Tome and Principe, the Sao Tome
leader added: -

"as I have already said, culture has an important role to play, although we have
not yet progressed: to the dimensions that we desire. ‘But our culture is one of
a’ people who obviously have something to develop. It is those people who mark
out the decisive stages, although the mobilization has not yet reached the
desired level."

The Sao Tome poetess continued: "Well, there is the popular culture. It is
a part of the people, and it has its manifestation in their songs, through
which they convey very clear messages, and these are highly publicized in our
country."

2909

CsO: | 3442/183

48


This shrinking of the younger part of the white population means that the’
older group will become proportionately greater. This is not something
which is happening spontaneously among whites but is the result in part of a
rigid economic policy which has been forced on the whites during the past
fifteen years and which is leading to a continual decrease in the standard
of living and the inability to own a residence and support a family.

This reduction in white population growth is intensified by the government's
family planning program, which is leading to a shocking number of .
stérilizations of persons, especially women, in their twenties and

. thirties. Dr. Edward Williams, for example, im his book "Where have: all the

children gone?" provides statistics about this phenomenon, and shows that in
a small Transvaal town during one year, out of ninety-one sterilizations,
sixty-seven were done on persons under thirty-six years of age. .

” Murder

From 1976 to 1979, 25,404 sterilizations were performed on blacks in state
hospitals, but during the same time period, 29,820 sterilizations were
performed on whites, but it. is estimated that ten times more sterilizations
were performed on whites outside state hospitals.

On the basis of statistics, the shocking conclusion is that in accordance
with the government's family planning program, fifty times more whites are
being sterilized, proportionately, than blacks.

In Johannesburg, white births from 1970 to 1978 dropped from 10,673 to
6,058, and in Durban during the same time period, from 3,733 to 2,405. In
South Africa as a whole, the rate dropped from 88,886 to 73,216.

In the Transvaal, black births from 1969/70 to 1977/78 went from 43,285 to
72,361 and in the Orange Free State from 6,324 to 11,561.

° this rising black rate of growth contradicts the claim that the black rate

of 4.5: percent per year in 1970 has declined somewhat.

This lopsided relationship between white and black population increases
vests in the public policy of this government to weaken the whites in every .
domain. With the aim that they will accept equalization with blacks, and
meanwhile, on account of the. growing imbalance in numbers, will also be
ready to submit to a black "majority government," as this South African
government did with the whites in former Rhodesia, and as they will do with
the whites in South West Africa.

The decrease in the white rate of growth is the direct result of. the
government's policy of impoverishment of the whites and of the limitation of
births through sterilization, pursuant to the family planning program.

The question is whether it would not be more correct to speak of the gradual

murder of the Afrikaner people instead of the inevitable dying out of the
people in this way.

77



JPRS#SSA#85#027
4 April 1985

CHANGES IN N'DJAMENA NOTED oo. . : Sos
Dakar AFRICA in French No 168, Jan 85 pp 23-26
{Article by Moriba Magassouba] :

(Text] "N'Djamena: a Tarter wilderness?" That opening line in the article by |
my colleague from LE NOUVEL OBSERVATEUR was obviously intended to catch the
teader's eye. Since I was completely familiar with the subject matter, I con-
tinued reading over his shoulder. The article continued with a description in
the style of "what the landscape looked like after the typhoon had passed":
torn-up roads, crumbling buildings, stray dogs, distraught-looking people, and
soon. True, it was not the apocalypse or a vision of the end of the world,
but at the very least, it presented the same distressing spectacle as those’
ghost towns seen in spaghetti Westerns with their clouds of dust and tottering
shacks. For good measure, and to make things "more realistic," there had to
be a character resembling the environment. And there was: a paunchy "old white
man," half naked and flattened by the heat on a chaise longue that creaked in
protest at the masses of flesh hanging over on all sides. The motionless old
man was watching the sun go down over the Chari River. And naturally, the
setting sun was watching the old man die. .

If the "old white man," his weary hand. chasing away the mosquitoes swirling
around’his head, were replaced by an adventurer with several days' growth of
beard hiding his face, if the chaise longue were replaced by a shabby hammock,
and if we were on the Zambezi or the Limpopo instead of the Chari River, we
would find ourselves without surprise in the universe of Hemingway novels, whose
exoticism must have awakened many a vocation in an entire generation of young
Westerners. :

As far as my young colleague was concerned--I was to discover later that this
was his first trip to Chad-~the picture could never be black enough. By the
magic of words, the smallest pebble became a house in ruins! And the cathedral!
How happy he was to find it. With its roof gone and its facade riddled with
bullets, the building was just what was needed to "back up" our intrepid trav-~
eler's Dantesque prose. He had not experienced the “battle of N'Djamena"? No
matter--with the magic of words, he could recreate the event for his personal
consumption and that of his readers, for whom certain journalistic dishes do
not lose their original flavor even after being reheated several times over.

10.


All these actions, Inchah Allah [God Willing], doomed to failure, give”
us the measure of the panic which reigns in the anti-Islamic camp. It
ts this panic and the frenzy which it engenders here and in the world,
which will finally convince the mis-led, or liable-to be mis-led,
muslems that "lu yenggu, lako yenggeul kako epp Doole" (effects are
less reliable than their cause). We can affirm with Garaudy that Islam
undoubtedly has a place in our future...

12687 _— foe
soz. 3419/236 tole me -

52



TOGO

Prisons: To Receive Building Materials From GDR

" (DAILY NEWS, 25 Feb 85)........00- de eacrecccccccscccccsseees 85
Briefs : : :

Local Currency Exchange With Malawi ~ 86

Talks With Yugoslavia Begin 86

” Egosion of Coastline Could Cut Country's Economic Lifeline

ZAMBIA

87

(THE HERALD, 28 Feb 85)...

Protection of Industries Declared Temporary

(ELIMA, 21 Jan 85)....ecececcccccercccececccancecctcesccseees 89

Taprovenents in Transportation System Discussed
~ (ELIMA, 19, 20 Dec 84) ..... seceeeescceeeececseccreceeceseees OL
Transportation Agreement Strengthened, by Monsa Tyaka Duku
Japanese Scientific Mission, by Kalonji
Improving Joint Transportation, Editorial

Prime Minister Calls for Strong Ties With New Zealand
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 15 Feb 85)...eceseveccecccsececcesreecees 94

India Pledges Willingness To Aid Economically, Technically

(ZAMBIA DAILY NEWS, 23 Feb 85) apeeeeeees 95.

Border Opening Restores Surface Trade With Kenya -
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 25 Feb 85)....cececcscccnccccsccecececens 96

“Swaziland Must Beware Trade Agreement With South Africa

(Editorial; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 28 Feb 85)......sceceeeecececees 97

Party Needs To Allay Union Mistrust
(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Feb 85)..+-.sseeeeeees 98

Watchdog Committee Formed To Ensure Resolution Implementation

(SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Feb 85). 99
Sales‘ Tax Bill Receives Heated Debate in Parliament

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 15 ‘Feb 85)........seeceeeeee aeeeee seeeeeeee LOL
Companies Ignore Directive To Stop Union Dues Collection

(SUNDAY TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Feb 85).........66 er seeeee 104


a

| JPRSHSSA#85#027
| 4 april 1985
|

: Lo : SOUTH AFRICA

_ LABOR UNIONS OPPOSE DISINVESTMENT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 7 Feb 85 p 4
(Article: "Strong Blow to Tutu: Labor Unions Against Disinvestment"]

[Text] Johannesburg—More than a million workers from
more than 70 multiracial and black labor unions yesterday
expressed through their leadership their opposition to
disinvestment in South Africa. Strong blows were also
aimed at Bishop Desmond Tutu. .

The majority expressed their unconditional opposition to any form of disin-
vestment by foreign companies, while only one black labor union leader

voiced his approval of the withdrawal from South Africa of “certain" invest-
ments. .

This position emérges from a study of the attitudes of local iabor unions
carried out by BEELD, DIE BURGER's sister publication, after the chief minister
of KwaZulu, Capt Gatsha Buthelezi, called proponents of disinvestment "arro-
gant" while in Washington over the weekend.

wt

Ivory Towers

Captain Buthelezi also warned that disinvestment will affect blacks most of
all, and will lead to unemployment, hunger and disease.

. In a strongly worded editorial in the most recent issue of the SMELTKROES,
the mouthpiece of the multiracial SA Boilermakers Union—one of the country's
most influential unions—those who advocate disinvestment were attacked.
They were called "senseless,and poorly informed politicians" and "people who,
because of their professions, can afford to sit in ivory towers and appear
noble -

The SMELTKROES writes, "No matter how sincere proponents of disinvestment may

be, they are doing us no favors."

69



list them. But Mozambique has already. had the capacity to attack them. . There
is one country from which we do not receive support. That is South Africa,
which is today the base for the continuity of the FRELIMO system. And I will
tell you further, South Africa and some Western countries.

The RENAMO is fighting today against the greatest military alliance ever since
World War. II. It is an alliance which has the support of the East, of. South
Africa and of some Western countries.. And yet, why is the FRELIMO losing?
Because the people are against it. The people play a decisive role.in guer-

_villa warfare. Either they reject it or they support it. His mobility is the
‘most important characteristic of the guerrilla fighter, and because of our

facility of movement through ‘the terrain, we have -the support of the: people.

TEMPO: -It is known that because of some of the positions Samora Machel
adopted, for example taking the initiative to sit down at the negotiating
table with the RENAMO, he faces some opposition within the. FRELIMO itself.
What is the position of the RENAMO concerning this reality?

Jorge Correia: The FRELIMO attempted to strike a low blow by tempting the
RENAMO leaders with the lure of power, in the hope that our movement would ~
halt the war and join in the FRELIMO system. Our war is not a war of power,
but one for the establishment of a democratic and free state in Mozambique.
The RENAMO is using war as the means, but it will halt it when it achieves its.
goals.

TEMPO: Does the RENAMO recognize Samora Machel as the chief of the Mozambican

- state?

Jorge Correia: In the 3 October Pretoria agreement, the RENAMO agreed to
recognize Samora Machel as the Mozambican chief of state. This is de facto
recognition, because he is the head, and it is legal~recognition because it |
was he who took over the regime from the colonial power, Portugal. However,
he lost it. The president of a republic in a state of law must submit the
continuation of his mandate to the will of his people. Because he did not do
this, Machel has lost legitimacy.

The RENAMO recognizes him on a de facto basis, but only temporarily, until
general presidential elections are held. This is one of the conditions the
RENAMO poses..

TEMPO: Presuming the hypothesis that the RENAMO wins power, what type of
requirements. of a political and military nature would it make of the FRELIMO?

Jorge Correia: If the RENAMO succeeds in winning power through a military
victory, the FRELIMO, as a party, will have to be judged for the crimes it
committed against the people of Mozambique. In this connection, we appeal ‘to
certain nationalists, in particular the military leaders of the FRELIMO, to
avoid involvement in the web of power such that they will not also commit
political suicide.

TEMPO: What kind of regime does the RENAMO want to establish in Mozambique,
above all in view of the chaos to be found there?

24



vee ee

JPRSHSSA#85#027
| 4 April 1985

To ; so a SOUTH AFRICA :

GOVERNMENT NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR FARMING RISKS. - . -
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 4 Feb 85 p 3 : mo
(Article: “Agricultural Risks ‘Not the Responsibility of the State'"]

[Text] The government will always be willing to provide monetary aid to
farmers in disaster situations, but the state cannot accept the risks of pri-
ces, exchange rates and production in the name of agriculture.

This is what Mr Barend du Plessis, minister of finance, said on Saturday at a
farmérs meeting in Montagu.” If the government were to accept: responsibility
for those risks, it would expose itself to similar demands from other entre-
preneurs in the private sector. : :

Mr Du Plessis noted that the point is made further that subsidies for bread
and corn meal benefit the consumer. This is true to a large extent, but as a-
result a large domestic market is being created for wheat and corn, which
also benefits the farmers.

Mr Du Plessis stated that it is important for the future growth and prosperity
of the South African economy that the private sector manifest a more positive
inclination toward the export of local products. South African entrepreneurs
are not inclined to see the rest of the world as an extension of the market
for their products. They also argue that the state should help them through
incentive export measures. .

Opportunity

In today’s climate, the lower value of the rand compared to other monetary
units provides an excellent opportunity for South Africa to export. It is
gladdening that the private sector is taking advantage of this to a greater
extent.

"However, one should guard against the tendency to want to involve the state
in everything, then to accuse it of overpayment, and later to criticize it for
poor planning and management," said Mr Du Plessis.

67



{Answer] I believe that pressure from abroad has increased since the new
constitution has gone in effect. But this is done purposely. Members of
the South African Council of Churches for a long time have gone from church
to church in America, and pressure groups in Europe have. also actively
organized against South Africa.

I ask myself what Bishop Tutu-is seeking in America, where he encourages
opposition against South Africa, while. his responsibility is to seek
reconciliation at home.

Climate. ° . ots

I mean that the foreign pressure will not remain for much longer now before
an opposite climate will take hold.

Apartheid for many people has now been inscribed in the constitution for the
first time, but it had always been there. The choice for us was between
preservation of the status quo and participation in a process of change.

[Question] What is your opinion about disinvestment? Could this make a.
contribution?

: t -
{Answer] It is contradictory to say disinvestment will ultimately bring
peace.. People who now advocate divestiture in the present climate of
movement are. not interested in solutions. We realize that the strategy of
divestiture is being followed to encourage a revolution.
[Question] Do you think there is enough understanding of the situation in
South Africa abroad?

{Answer] Our objection is that organizations abroad don't want to listen to
us. A good example occurred recently when I was on a private visit to
Australia. My visa had been issued on the condition that I not allow
interviews with the press. But Dr Boesak and Bishop Tutu are allowed to
visit freely. . .

The same applies to a debate to which Dr Boesak and I have been invited by
the University of Oxford. I hear that Dr Boesak will speak to a public
meeting of university students a day before the debate. How can such
favoritism be allowed?

Sincere

[Question] Do you think that foreign and domestic pressure is spontaneous
and sincerely meant?
[Answer] There is.a group which is absolutely honest in its thinking and
willing to seek solutions. They are South Africans.

But the largest group is urider the influence of the South African Communist
Party. At certain universities, in political science, there is an emphasis.
on communism, which spreads from there to the high schools in a long term
Process to destabilize South Africa.

60



+ The‘ King: of ‘Ashanti, Asantehene © tumfuor O
poku Ware Il, certainly bore in mind the significance
of the ‘timing of: the announcement of‘ the Kuriasi
plot when he addressed the “large number of wor-
kers’? who converged at his Manhyia: Palace after
marching through: the streets of Kumasi. He appar~
ently: told’ them* that “‘if the evil ‘designs of: the:
dissidents’ had - succeeded," it“ would have been “a:
disgrace to the’ people of “Ashanti:’* Ashantis, he.
added, were not disturbed by the machinations. of

- the’ detractors}: the activities plansied for the celebra-
tions. of “the: 50th ‘anniversary would go ahead: as
plizirieds ‘andttie evit designs of' the saboteurs would’
not deter Rawlings front visiting: Kumasi: In’ other
words; the King ‘was. not’ excluding the possibility
that ‘some people“ did* not” wish: the celebrations to’*
take place becausé of ‘the restitgence of “Ashanti
nationalism: that they would inevitably engender. He-
also amounced that the ‘Ashanti traditional council,
the ‘Asanteman Council’; would send a detegatidn
to: Accra: for-discussions with: the government. (The:
defegation arrived'a few ‘days later),

“*After the government had announced’on the radio’

the’ news of ‘a ‘plot by: unknown “persons, the'local . .

population “was doubtless surprised to hear the
PNDC's Kumasi representative, W. Antwi-Yeboah,.
calling ‘for an end to “rumour-mongering”” in ar
address he made to workers. A few days later the
Daily Graphic newspaper added to: thé“uncertainty
by carrying a government notice saying that a former
Major, Suleman’ Abubakar, and a former PNP’
organiser in: Ashanti, Alfidji Abassa, were: wanted:
But still it was not specified why: The Kumasi-based’
Pioneer newspaper did’ publish details of the plot. ~
Its editor and ‘news editor were ‘promptly beaten up:
aby soldiers.
-:" ¥ Another’ puzzling: event: preceded the plot episode
when on 22 January a statement, highly critical of
the PNDC’s economic policy, was issued by a group
of “concerned’” . individuals and: organisations..
Among ‘its. signatories were the Rey. Joop Visser,.a.
Duteh priest.who has worked with: Rawlings on.seif-
help. projects in his Medina, parish near Accra, and
Kwame Karikari, a. former director-general’ of the
Ghana: Broadcasting. Company who was sacked in
the anti-leftist purge last November (AC. Vol 25 No :,
23): But the man who.read aut the: statement, Fu’
Tsikata, a.senior lecturer at the:University of Ghana
at Legon, aroused the greatest interest. Together
with. Tsatsu Tsikata,.also-a senior’ lecturer at. the
university, and Kojo Tsikata, Fui v was one of Raw-
lings’ Marxist mentors. « .
Though the government-controlied mediasuppres--
sed the statement’s ‘main criticisms, news of it‘circu-'
lated widely. The key question is whether it bore the

17

imp’ )-Tsikata, and ‘if not, why did his.
cousin; Fui, ) works closely with him, choose to-
embarrass him. by reading the statement. to the press?
Perhaps hie read it because he knew the government
could only arrest him at the risk of serious confronta-.
tion. with Kojo Tsikata..On the other hand, that the.
statement was suppressed at all might indicate that.
Kojo. Tsikata’s. strength is. waning. further (AC Vok
25- No 14)... Whatever. the. motives, it. left. behind
many embarrassed faces.

The National. Union, of Ghana: Students, (NUGS),
which: lopether, with. the Professional f Bodies Assi
March, 1983

soverumiece’s economic. pol
gandists tried. to ‘make out that ‘the,two. statements.
were. merely. two ‘deliveries. of the, same state .

Saran society, “both at the political,. and econ.
the statement mad three Specific. criti.

the mao he and workers’ defence committees by
committees | for the defence of the revolution (Ac Vol

committees:, as, the. controlling, bodies: of, statutory
boards. and corporations, and their replacement by.
joint: consultative. committees, and. the dissolution of
the ‘national defence.committee. The statement. went.
on-to, say that this. confirmed ig certain trend over
the past 18 months’ which :social forces which.
had been “sgubdued’ the. initial’ stages of the
revolution.,were now. being. allowed to. return. For
example, Societies, like Oddfellows’ Lodges: were
working. again, and..“‘rightist’” elements had infil-
trated into high-level. appointments.

This: trend struck ‘‘at the. very heart of the 31
December Revolution and had changed, fundamen-
tally the process. inta the ‘opposite,”” The dissolution.

. of the: ‘various: committees signific fied ‘‘a serious under-

mining, ‘of the” structural basis for workers’ and,
peoples’. power’’.. By doing this. the PNDC had
operied the. door wide for the. return of autocratic
management*rule and corraption.-The instruments
of popular control had been remaved.. Did-not.these
Measures. constitute an- act of. destruction , of. the
“basic Organisational gains of the people’, he state-
ment asked.

- After, adiatribe: against the IMF and World Bank - -
two. bodies of “neo-colonial type’ - and the, way
the PNDC was allowing them to. run. the economy,.
the statement threatened to withdraw. support from
the.PNDC. ‘We. all gave critical support.to the 31



On Saturday, a refrigerator factory in Namacha was attacked, and a militiaman
who had been guarding the complex was killed in the attack.

' ‘Rumors which were not confirmed officially but which are circulating constantly
in Maputo indicate that many rebels have taken refuge in Swaziland, -and leave
from there to start action against Mozambique.

It has been officially stated that many rebels are making attacks on Mozambique
and. then fleeing to South Africa which, last year, signed a non-aggression
. and good neighbor agreement with the goverment of Maputo. .

“Frank Wisner in Luanda

The ANGOP agency announced that Frank Wisner, the American undersecretary of
state for African affairs, has arrived in Luanda for talks with the Angolan
authorities.

Diplomatic sources claimed that Wisner, who. previously visited Mozambique,
South Africa and Zambia, is attempting to overcome a 3-month stalemate in
the negotiations between Pretoria and Luanda on the independence of Namibia.

In a despatch received in Lisbon, ANGOP said that Wisner is due to meet with
an Angolan delegation headed by the Anterior minister, Alexandre Rodrigues,
. “Rito. " .

2909
CsO: 3442/175

34



In America, Safer has always enjoyed high esteem asa journalist. One can
only hope that at least part of the general public in that country can be
moved by his statements to reexamine their image of South Africa.

12271
CSO: 3401/93

54



| JPRSHSSA#85x027
i 4 April 1985
fo.
Co
GUINEA-BISSAU

DUTCH. AMBASSADOR DISCUSSES ECONOMIC COOPERATION
-Basau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 30 Jan 85 p 8

[Interview with ‘Lambert D'Andembourg, ‘Netherlands anbassador extraordinaire and
plenipotentiary tq Guinea-Bissau, in Bissau, January 1985]

(Text] Mr Lambert D'Ansembourg, ambassador extraordinaire and plenipotentiary
from the Netherlands (Holland) to Guinea-Bissau, residing in Dakar, was in
our country from 11 to 16 January and held an interview with our newspaper
on the cooperative relations between his country and’ Guinea-Bissau. He was
accompanied by Mr Johan Van Der Werff, the new charge d'affaires for Guinea
at the Netherlands Embassy in Dakar.

He said: "Since Holland is one of Guinea-Bissau's main economic partners, we
have contributed to the construction of its socioeconomic development since
the first year of independence."

NO PINTCHA: You have been the Dutch ambassador to Guinea-Bissau for 2 years,
and this is the first time that~“you have visited our country since the submis-
sion of the credential documents. What is the purpose of this mission of
yours? - ‘

D'ansenbourg: I was absent during the past 2 years because the embassy has

in Bissau an official who was carrying out in its entirety the mission that
was assigned to him. This gentleman has now left and hence I have come in
person to discuss certain problems involving Guinean-Dutch cooperation. I

can also tell you that your country will benefit from the aid given by the
Dutch Program on Sahle, following a meeting held last November, at which
Guinea-Bissau was considered part of Africa devastated by the drought. Within
2 weeks, Mr Yan Tooren, from the Ministry of Dutch Cooperation. for West African
Affairs,will be coming to the annual meeting held to evaluate various aspects
of our cooperation.

NO PINTCHA: Are there new plans for aid from Holland to Guinea-Bissau?

D'Ansembourg: Holland will finance the Bafata rural development project. Three
other major projects are now in the final phase: part of the highway,

the school complex in the Ajuda District and the operating unit of the Simao
Mendes Hospital. The latter has not yet started working for lack of some

20



JPRSASSA#852027
|. 4 April 1985

.. ; ; TOGO

EROSION OF COASTLINE COULD cut COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC LIFELINE. ;

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Feb 85 B 8

LOME (Togo).

LIKE the fabled con-
tinent of Atlantis, which
jg said to have sunk be-
nesth the Atlantic west
of the Straits of Gibral-
tar, tiny Togo 1a aliding
into the sea.

No one knows why At-
lantis disappeared, if it
ever existed. Togo’s coast
4g crumbling because a
dam :was built im ‘the
wrong place.

The drive along the
picturesque seaside road
of Togo is one of the
main tourist attractions
of this tiny nation, often
descrited as the’ play-
ground of West Africa.

SCENERY

But the tourist -con-
centrating on the scenery
will get a rude awaken-
ing. as he approaches the
capital city of Lome, The
side of the road suddenly
falls away: it has been

nalf devoured dy the sea.
Erosion along the Gulf
of Guinca is reaching
frightening Proportions,
has advanced

sm “since 1980, and the
coastal road hag had to

threatened, palm — oll
Plantations have dis-
appeared under water and
the sea threatens to en-
guif the wherf at which
Phosphate, Togo’s most
valuable export, is loaded.

The erosion is man-
made. It is the result
of development projects
which have upset th?
delicate balance of waves
end sediment which both

wore away and re-

plenished the shore.

“One need look no
further — than the
Akosombo Dam on the
River Volfa in Ghana. It
is the prime cause of one
of the most dramatic ex-
amples of coastal oe

the world,”

George "Ross! of the Ual-
versity of Benin.

“The erosion would not
have, be happened without

‘The dant, completed in
1965, holds back almost
all the sediment which
was once carried down to
the Gulf of Guinea by the
River Volta. Devosited
along the coast by the
current, i? sediment

compensa for the
erosive action of the
waves.

Since 1965 the amount
of sediment deposited at
the mouth of the river
has plummeted to a mere
fraction of what it used
to be, and as a result the
coast is now at the mercy
of the sea,

‘This phenomenon de-
atroyed the town of Keta
in Ghana, The home of
10000 people simply fell
into the ocean as the

‘beneath it was
eaten away by waves.

‘Togolese authorities
first noticed the erosion
15 years ago, The Port of
Lome’ was built in 1968
% boost the nation’s
economy before the prob-
lem was understood. Now
erosion threatens that
economy.

‘The ‘ort's main pier
slows and diverts the
lateral currents sweeping
the coast, making them

87



According. to. explanations given to our reporter by Eusebio Siquela, after
_they have been qualified in the aforementioned specialties and degrees, |
the students will take further training that will give them the "B".and "A" -
standing, wherein they will acquire reading skills equivalent to those.of the
10th and llth grades, respectively.

That official remarked: “At the present time, we have the capacity to train
cadres up to the grade of boatswain-fisherman 'C', and pilot on the same
level. However, it is important to point out that we. lack only the human
“gonditions, because we already have the material ones." He stressed that
the. aforementioned training sequences would be applied consecutively.

It should be emphasized that,-in the: fisherman's course (which is the begin-
ning one for the new occupational careers), as well as in all the other types
of training, general secondary school subjects will be taught, as well as the
notions of seamanship,trades associated with fishing equipment and engines,
seamanship practice and training on the boats.

Approval of the Careers

Eusebio Siquela remarked, on the other hand, that the new occupational careers
would have to be subjected to analysis for their subsequent approval. This
analysis will involve the State Secretariat of Fisheries and the Ministries
of Ports, Railroads and Merchant Marine, and Educatidn and Culture.

With regard to the first ministry, its involvement is due to the occupational
careers per se which, as we were told, must be made compatible with the
previous ones defined by the maritime legislation in effect in the country;
while the MEC [Ministry of Education and Culture] will study the matter
associated with equivalencies in reading skills.

When asked to make a statement concerning the relations between the new
occupational careers to be introduced and those.on the international level,
Eusebio Siquela said that they are not far removed from one another, noting
that, on the other hand, the Matola center is aimed exclusively at training
boatswains and pilots for boats; because insofar as naval officers are
concerned, the task is incumbent on the Nautical School.

Center Will Have a Meteorological Station

During the next few months, the Fisheries Training Center located in Matola
will be. provided with a meteorological station having a capacity to engage
in activities associated with meteorology on the national level, if the
problems involving the lack of methyl lumber and elastic metal netting which
have been experienced during the past 2 years are‘solved.

The equipment has already been on the site for 2 years. The only obstacle
to its installation is the lack of methyl lumber and also the elastic metal
netting for building the "casota" (shelter) where they will be installed.

Omeca Sande, acting chief of the "deck'” section, in talking to DIARIO DE
MOCAMBIQUE, said that, in contacts made with the Meteorological Services of

41



: JPRSHSSAR85#027
\- i 4 April 1985
. Ye
_ SOUTH AFRICA

- .._ BRIEFS

MIXED MARRIAGE LAW—~Yesterday the Progressive Federal Party asked the
President, Mr P W Botha, to abolish the law forbidding mixed marriages
immediately, or to appoint a select Parliamentary committee to research the
abolition of the law. This appeal was made by Dr Alex Boraine, Member of
Parliament for Pinelands. [Text] [Johannesburg DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8
Feb 85 p 8] 12494

CSO: 3401/89

82



Minister . . : Lot,

The ANC has a contribution to make, but it will have to accept a new
approach. The Argus had praised us at the time for the decision not to
serve in the cabinets council. It had recommended that we sit down to talk
where this made sense. Now we are doing that.

_ {Question] You are a minister, and so are Bishep Desmond Tutu. and Dr Allan.
_Boesak. Will the-connecting Chtistian tie ever lead to. your and their
finding each other? . : ~

[Answer] Difficult. Very difficult. But for me hope is. of the utmost
importance. Hope for humans, for the future and for the hereafter. The
Christian belief is:grounded in hope. When Dr Boesak and Bishop Tutu

emphasize the "hopelessness" of the South African situation, I question
their Christianity. Christian responsibility is one of reconciliation.

{Question] Before, you referred to certain aspects of the immigration law
with which you are dissatisfied.

Contribution’

(Answer] Yes, I mean the injustice that when a Colored, because of
circumstances, emigrates to another country he will later be regarded as a
foreigner from another country if he wants to remigrate. He is not regarded
as someone who is coming home.

We will have-to see that immigrants that we get here can make a
contribution, instead of parasites wanting to live off the situation.

The Labor Party will look into’ possible plans for offering céalminers in
Britain employment opportunities-here. We will have to see if they really
can make a contribution and whether it is only because they are white.

[Question] These days there are broad conjectures about the release of .
Nelson Mandela. Do you know about this officially-and if hé is released,
what role could he play?

(Answer] I don't know about any plans for his release. My advice to the
government is to free him. I foresee many problems for his supporters if he
is a free man. As long as Mandela is under arrest, he will be idolized:
But if he is freed, this will certainly change.

Take for instance the release of SWAPO's Toivo Ja Toivo. This was
characterized by almost hysterical media coverage. Nowadays, one seldom
hears about him.

{Question] Do. you believe that the foreign pressure on the country will
decrease or do you think that the new constitutional restructuring has given
it a new momentum? .

39°



TRANSFER OF FUNDS STILL AN ISSUE WITH TAZARA

Dar.es Salaam DAILY NEWS in “English 23 Feb 85 p 1

(Excerpt)

cso:

3400/757

TANZANIA and | Zambia
central bank governors met in
Dar es Salaam yesterday to
deliberate on transter of funds of
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway
Authority (TAZARA). :

The Governor of the Bank of
Zambia, Ndugu David Phiri,
who chaired the session, told
Shihata that the two banks
studied the Authority's unit of
accounts as directed by the
Council of Ministers.

Ndugu Phiri said the Couneil
of Ministers had directed the two
banks-to study the transfer of
funds which had been a major
problem affecting operations of
ihe Uhuru Railway.

He said the two banks were
expected to present a report
before the end of next month,
adding that another meeting of
‘the banks’ governors would be
held in Lusaka, Zambia, next
month.

Last. year,  TAZARA-

suspended its services on fund
transfer problems.

Meanwhile, the Deputy
Governor of the Bank’ of
Tanzania, Ndugu Bob Makani,
said Tanzania and Zambia had
agreed to buy goods from each
other by. ‘using reciprocal
accounts opened in banks of the
two countries. ‘

He said Tanzania would get
zine. copper. cables and Yuasa

* batteri#s and appealed to firms

that needed the items to start
channelling their import needs

through the bank.

“83

JPRS#SSA+852027
4 April 1985

TANZANIA


GOVERNMENT TO EXPAND EXISTING IRRIGATION PROJECTS

Harare THE HERALD in Engiish 28 Feb 85 p 4

cso:

; [Text]

3400/771

THE Government is: to expand
existing irrigation schemes and
build new ones in four provinces

” in the next three years, the Minis-

ter of Lands, Resettlement and
Rural Development, Cde Moven
Mahachi, has said.

Interviewed after touring the Ex-
change Block irrigation scheme in Si-
Jobela last week, Cde Mahachi said the
project would be jointly funded by the
governments of Zimbabwe and West

YY at a cost of $40 million.

Sixteen new irrigation schemes
would be. established in Masvingg at
cost. of $5 million. In Manicaland $6
million would be used to build irriga-
tion schemes in Buhera, |

“We are also going-to expand ex-
isting irrigation schemes in the Mid-

achemes,” Cde Mahachi said.
He also said that experts from his
would soon carry out a feasi-
bility study on the possibility of ‘ex-
pending the Exchange Block Dam and
the irrigation scheme, which is cur-
rently beimg expanded under the food-

for-work programme.

Cde Mahachi promised plotholders
that the Government would wide
tractors which the farmers could hire.
He praised the scheme's committee for
efficient management, Good manage-
ment by irrigation committees formed
the basis of establishing a socialist
state, the minister said.

118

i
|

JPRS#SSA#85+027
4 April 1985

ZIMBABWE


Military Action Is Critical
It is customary for our country to regulate its reactions in a realistic,
mature and calm manner. The Mozambicans know ‘that the termination of the
banditry depends. primarily on their own action on the spot. Everything that
is gained at the conference table is a result of the progress of the struggle
on the spot. The military Tesponse to the crimes triggered from abroad is
critical. . :

‘The party's leadershp has always called attention to this fact. And "military
response” does not mean merely a "response" from the "military forces." It
means the people's mobilization against banditry; a mobilization that is
attained step by step; organizing, solving. problems and offering a response
and backing for the rank and file initiative.

All Mozambicans have a deep hatred for the bandits. They are all aware of the
bandits' origins and nature.. They all know what their tasks and obligations
are. They realize that the violence killing them is still being nurtured
abroad. by those who backed it previously. They hope that the accord will be
completely fulfilled, so as to dry up the source feeding the bandits. But
they are ready to respond , with total determination to the challenge of
liquidating the banditry so long as the RSAdoes not appear willing to see to
“the fulfillment and to fulfill the promise that it gave in March 1984.

2909 ©
CSO: 3442/175

28


i JPRSHSSAx85#027

| 4 April 1985

Lo
"CAPE VERDE -

UCID PROTESTS ASYLUM FOR ETA TERRORISTS
Lisbon O DIABO. in Portuguese 12 Feb 85 p 17~

{Text] The permission given by the Cape Verde Government for members of ETA
{Basque Fatherland and Liberty. Group]-Military repatriated by France to become
established in that country evoked from UCID, the Cape Verdean Independent
Democratic Union, an organization comprised of opponents of the PAICV regime,
a forceful protest expressed in telegrams sent to President Aristides Pereira
and Prime Minister Pedro Pinto, demanding that. this decision be revoked.
In a note distributed to the news media, describing that protest, UCID made the
following comment which we are reprinting and which merits our entire praise:.

"Cape Verde is an underdeveloped country with meager financial resources, and
to. top off its misfortune, it is governed by a single, minority party headed
by incompetent, unpatriotic and inhumane elements.

"Despite its poverty, Cape Verde has certain factors which, if well exploited,
could. miriimize its needs, such as its geographical situation, the climate, the
wealth existing in its seas, etc. There is a lack of infrastructures which
were neglected and discredited during colonial times and nonetheless neglected
and discredited by the present government, which is doing nothing to reverse the
course of the situation.

"The government of Cape Verde depicts its poverty as propaganda publicity, in
order to receive alms from abroad, with which it is governing, while the people
undergo the worst poverty of their lives.

"Tn view of the situation marked by famine and poverty, the Cape Verdean finds

a means of salvation in emigration, although he often experiences in that no
less tragic times of his life, as has happenéd to thousands residing in Portugal,
where the cold and the precarious conditions. in the shacks where they live

make them unhappy, unprotected people. .

"Meanwhile, the government of Cape Verde, which cannot attempt to create condi-
tions to protect the citizens, facilitates their departure abroad and, on the
contrary, sets itself up as a protector of mankind, offering to receive foreign-
ers deported from their countries. And so it is willing to receive members of



JPRS#SSA#85=027
4 April 1985

'

: _ . . ; \
27 - MOZAMBIQUE

: CoO "BRIEFS.

NAMPULA BISHOP DENOUNCES REGIME—-The bishop of Nampula sent Mozambican
president Samora Machel a letter in which he disclosed concrete instances

of human rights violations, according to a report released on Monday, on the
Cape of Good Hope program, by church sources in Lisbon. Dom Manuel Vieira
Pinto provided details on the action taken by members of the Mozambican Army
against civilian populations, requesting Samora Machel's forceful intervention.
The document reflects the concern of the Mozambican church regarding the war.
situation being experienced in that country, which has received several
denunciations during recent months. In December, the bishop of Nampula~
released a document. entitled-"Silence the Arms," in which he claimed: "The
times in which we are living are unquestionably times of hatred, vengeance,
violence and death; times of disdain for life and for humans; times of. cruelty
and murder; times marked by anxiety and fear." [Text] [Lisbon A TARDE in
Portuguese 13 Feb 85 p 11] 2909

GDR DONATIONS-~According to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, a few days ago a ship carry-
ing a large donation from the Solidarity Committee of the German Democratic
Republic to our country docked im the port of Beira. Included among the items
- donated are various typés of clothing, blankets and canned’ food. Quoting the
GDR's consul-general in Beira, Paul Stenzel, DM said that part of the donation
is’ intended to back the agricultural activity in the district of Sussundenga,
Manica, and another portion is assigned to CARBOMOC [Mozambque National Coal
Company], in Tete. According to the same source, a shipment of medicines

to be sent to the Central Hospital in Beira recently arrived in that city by
air. The donation's worth is estimated at 2,000 contos. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Jan 85 p 1] 2909

CSO: 3442/175

43



- country, and he voiced his admiration for the progress Cape Verde has made in
its 10 years of independence. This is due, in his opinion, to the fact that
the economic and ‘social development Projects financed from abroad were fully
carried out in Cape Verde. .

“Speaking about the institution he represents, he said that it was established
in :1963 within the context of the OAU, and that at that time, the Africans
- showed great political awareness, since they soon understood that it was not
“possible to. achieve development unless the Africans themselves planned for it.
It was in a great spirit of responsibility that the establishment of the ADB
proceeded. This spirit replaced all of the skepticism and encouraged hope.
The ADB did not prove to be a short-lived organization at/all, as many pre-
dicted. It was established with capital of $250 million, dnd 20 years later,
has $6.5 billion. Concerning the allocations, of the aid given Cape. Verde, he
said that our country wili always enjoy the confidence of the ADB, because it
is one of’ the best at managing the resources made available to it, and this
characteristic will always merit the attention of the ADB. He stressed the
reforestation and industrialization effort which are being pursued by the
government of Cape Verde.

Concerning the election of the next president of the ADB, he said he is’ opti-
mistic despite all the problems the ADB is currently facing. In conclusion,
he said that the people of Africa will-be able to find an individual who knows
‘how to represent them effectively within the framework of the African Develop-
ment Bank.

5157
CSO: 3442/166



|
: | a
fo. Ve
: MOZAMBIQUE

JPRS#SSA4852027
4 April 1985

FISHERIES: TRAINING CENTER TO LAUNCH NEW CAREER PROGRAMS
Beira. DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 15 Feb 85 pp 8-9-

[Text] Educational activity with initiatives involving small projects to
combat famine constitutes the daily endeavor of the Fisheries Training Center
(CPF), located in Matola, nearly 15 kilometers from the capital city.

The battle is directed precisely toward the creation of conditions for self-
sufficiency in food. It entails, specifically, the use made of the practical
courses given to the students being trained there to develop small-scale and
semi-industrial fishing, the results of which are visible in the life of the
center, where there is no. lack of fish for food.

Attesting to this fact is a head of the center who, in a dialogue with our
reporter, gave us an idea of the dimensions. of the fish usually caught,
depicting it with the size of his arms. He commented: "We have caught some
this big, of first quality."

For this work, the center has six boats, the largest of which is 22.5 meters
long, with the capacity to remain.at sea for 15 days. For its repair, there
is a shipyard which, moreover, is provided with equipment for manufacturing
boats, such as the one which is currently being completed, although it has
been faced with a few problems associated with the shortage of lumber.

Manuel Domingos, instructional director of that establishment, remarked:
"People usually fish along the bay of Maputo. Sometimes we go as far as

the area of Ilha da Inhaca, and when we do, the production is excellent, both
in quantity and quality."

But the initiatives to combat famine at the fisheries training center are not

. limited to fishing. There i3 also an effort in the area of raising animals
of small-sized species, namely,.ducks, rabbits, ewes and guinea pigs; as well
as the impetus for raising fish in six tanks set up for that purpose.

At present, this training establishment has 14 ewes, 39 ducks (which supply
the dining hall with a daily average of 15 eggs), 12 guinea pigs,

rabbits and also 4 pigeons. In this connection, Helena Goncalves, an
instructor on fishing resources and head of production for the center, noted
that there are prospects in the near future for also introducing the raising
of hogs and goats.

37



“WHITES CRITICIZED FOR NOT CELEBRATING

INDEPENDENCE DAY

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Feb°85 p & . -

[Text] . . . BULAWAYO
THE governor of Matabeleland: North, Cde Daniel
Ngwenya, hog criticised many whites In the pro-
Vince for thelr apathy towards independence celebra-
_ {lon activities. ; ;

Cade Ngwenya. told the provincial independence
ecmmittee in Bulawayo recently that there was o
couspieuccs absence of whites at all activities mark-
ing the Independence of the country although 10
one had ever excluded then from taking part.

“Maybe they are jealous and do not wish the
-country Well or they do not simply understand the
significance of Indeyendence-— something that comes
once In the history of a country.

“Or perhaps they feel that it 1s not thetr thing,
Dut whatever be the reasons I urge you to make
this one an extraordinary celebration because it ‘is
the fifth: since wo started managing our own af-
tairs.” .

Ho said’ independence was the time every Zi-
mbabwean should help in laying a foundation for

happier Matabeleland North and Zimbabwe.

‘Heads of Government departments and repre-

2 sentatives of Zapa and. Zann (PF) attended the
. meeting. :

cso: 3400/771

117

JPRS#SSA285=027
4 April 1985

ZIMBABWE



.. SPECULATION ON“PLOT, TRIBALISM, REVOLUTION.”

JPRSHSSA¥854027

i
:
| “april 1985
|

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in. English Vol.26 No 5,27 Feb 85 pp 3-4

etween Head of’ State'Fit-Lt:’ Jerry
Rawlings and’ Security adviser Kojo .Tsikata has’
come ‘into the open following-an unsuccessful plot
to assassinate 2 Rawlings on 31 January. Though there’
is absolutely ’no connection between the plot and
Tiikata, the intrigue created by the plot has brought
to 4 head the’growing differences between Rawlings
and: thé powerful -left-wing/Martist ‘group led’ by
Tsikata. ‘Ir a: long statement issued last” month,.
examined below; Tsikata’s ‘ group Has effectively
given an ultimatam to Rawlings.

The’ assassination’ way to have taker place atthe ‘
Kumasi’ sports’ stadium; where’ Rawlings was’ the
guest of honour -at‘a’ huge’ durbar’ celebration to’
mark the 56th anniversary of the Testoration of the’
Ashanti, Confederacy. ‘The: plot was’ ‘Tonceived:*

+ not ledst because’ “one of thie alleged. plotters; Alhaji’,

Abbss’Mensair, ‘had bed selected to’ stand: by Raw-"

lings and translate‘His speech intd “Asante. Rawlings
had already ‘unbalanced ‘his detractors by. arriving‘in”
ic ye f by road as had beri expected.”

their plan, the plotters retired to Mensah’s hous

difficulties“ of *carrying* out.

Maj-Ger. * Amoid Quainoo: is’ an Ewe), Kumasi’
would not have been spared fetaliation. That could
) easily Have started civil war. As it turned out, the
alleged plotters were from northern Ghana - some-
‘thing that would have been overlooked i in the heat

of the moment.

Without the Ashantis " Lo

The Ashantis gave Ghana’s ‘first president, Kwame
Nkrumah, a difficult time in the run-up to indepen-
dence in the late 1950s,‘when’ they formed the:
National Liberation Movement (NLM). Their idea
was to carve up the country into a federation, which
would enable them to. gain control of their own
resources (cocoa, timber and gold) from the ‘‘thiev-
ing*?. coastal: politicians:= the: Ewes, Fantis and.Gas -
who had: acquired contro of:much of the economy.

> However, Nkrumah. assembled. in his Conventior

al People’s Party a. noumber-of shrewd political organ-:
isers,:such:as. the. late Krobo Eduse# (who-was made,
minister of-interior).and: De Graft Dickson: (who-was:
made:Ashanti regional commissioner).' NLM: leader
Kofi Busia’s-home area; Brong-Ahafo, was: then
made: into a-new :administrative: region: under the:
control. of S.W. Yeboah, a tough Nhrumab: loyalist.

peep prem re alia . al

the consequences” ‘would have been disastrous. The
Ashantis, who’ are partof the majority Akan tribe,
and are the most warlike tribe in the country, reckon
that’ the’ regime is'domifiated by Rawlings’ minority -
Ewe tribe. The latter would have regarded his killing
as‘a:declaratiow of tribal war: Since Ewes hold. key
. posts in: the security forces (the army commander,

16

‘Rawlings has’ no’ such strong ‘Ashanti supporters.
Indeed, two of ‘his most’ intractable adversaries,
former colleagues on the dissoived’ Armed Forces
Revolutionary Council Maj: Boakye Dyan and Maj.
Mensah Poku, hail from Brong- ‘Ahafo and’ Ashanti
respectively. Both ‘are active in the exiled Ghana
Democratic Movement (AC Vol 25‘No 17), which is
funded’ by former Supporters of the Peopies’
National'Party (PNP), which was led: by ex-president
Hilla: Limann until his overthrow Y Rawlings on 31-
December 1981.


"N'Djamena: a Tartar wilderness?" I felt as though I had been transported back
2 years in time--back to the time when I had landed in the Chadian capital
practically on the heels of Hissein Habré's Northern Armed Forces (FAN), which
had just ousted the GUNT [Transitional National Union Government] or what re--
mained of the heterogeneous forces making up that government. Few buildings
had escaped being hit by bullets or shells. The wild gunmen from the camps
confronting each other (most of the destruction actually dated back to the
violent. fighting in March-April 1977 between the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT)
under President Mallouh-and Colonel Kamougue and the men under Hissein Habre,
then prime minister of a government of national union that had lasted a long

_ time) had sprayed bullets. liberally on building facades, store windows, shut-

ters, service stations, military and civilian vehicles, and so on. Even the
trees carried the. imprint of the murderous madness that had hurled Chadians
against each: other.

Immense cratérs had been dug out by the black mouths of shells falling on roofs.
There were burned buildings, automobiles reduced to ashes, cartridges strewn all
over the: ground, shops stripped of all their merchandise, half-starved dogs

" wandering around in the midst of a few black pigs that were digging with their

snouts in sometimes frighteningly high mountains of refuse, pitiful children
in rags, covered with spots and sores and begging for their sustenance in the
vicinity of a miraculously unscathed mosque, and a-marketplace as quiet and
deserted as a cemetery. Water and power failures were adding to the. discomfort

of a situation whose tragic nature no single word is strong enough to express.

The capital was emerging slowly and painfully from its térrible nightmare.
Then, little by little, when there was no more danger that. the fighting would
resume, people recrossed the Chari River in small groups to return to their
homes. A Sisyphus incapable of discouragement, N'Djamena was relearning, once
again, to live.

"It's not possible! Things must have been worse than that!" My colleague, so
quick and skillful at painting the picture black, would not go so far as to

admit that in comparison with that appalling and still visible past, the capi-
tal had become a paradise! It was a question of credibility. Reversing one's

‘opinion is always difficult, not to say risky--and more so in this line of work

than in any other.

I saw him again by the slightest of chances. It was one of those coincidences
where one finds oneself sharing a good bottle with the friends of friends as a
way of getting to know each other better. To his many statements beginning .
with “it seems that...," my answer was always "I don't believe...," followed by
explanations weighty with the authority of one who had had the privilege of....
And together, we discovered N'Djamena as it was in itself and as it had been
not long before. |

Although not a mushroom city where buildings seem to spring out of the ground
every night under the wands wielded by magicians in steel and concrete, the
Chadian capital has experienced a rate of development in recent years that
would be-the envy of a good many cities on the continent whose resources are
considerably greater. N'Djamena is certainly not one big worksite like Douala.



District. Council Financial Problems Must Be Solved
(Editorial; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 Feb 85) ccc e ede cceseeeeesens,

New Army Public Relations Boatd To Improve Societal Image
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 26 Feb 85)......seeeeeeeeees sae ee ee eeceees

Briefs

Miners' Union Begins Wage Negotiations

’ Britain Defers Payments

ZIMBABWE

-Nkomo Outlines Issues of Election, Mistakes of Ruling Party
(Joshua Nkomo Interview; MOTO, No.31,; Feb 85)

. Cephas Msipa Deplores Power Struggles Taking Place
(Cephas Msipa Interview; MOTO, No 31, Feb 85)........-.+.e0-

Ndlova Sees Big Swing of Voters’ From ZAPU .
(THE HERALD, 27 Feb 85)...-eccecccccscnscccecstseecesteseeee

‘Whites Criticized for Not Celebrating. Independence Day
(THE HERALD, 28 Feb 85).......... wea e esate ne eeesesesesenens

Government To Expand Existing Irrigation Projects

Briefs

Insurance Workers Strike

Maize Mishandlers To Be- Sacked .

TAZARA To-Receive Engines

(THE HERALD, 28 Feb 85)..

Maize Exchange Possible
Jobless Youths in Midlands
Malnutrition Decreases

State Option on Farmland
First Black Flying Instructors

105
106

107
107
107

* 108
108

109

113

115

117

118

119
119
119
120
120



| JPRS¥SSAH857027
| 4 April 1985

Ly .-

ZAMBIA -

* BRIEFS .

MINERS' UNION BEGINS WAGE NEGOTIATIONS—-The Mineworkers Union of Zambia has
entered into negotiations with the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines over the
KSO salary increases, MUZ chairman Mr Timothy Walamba said yesterday. The
move was in line with a resolution passed by the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions
last August that K50 be paid to all workers in the nation to offset the high
cost of living. MUZ had not entered into negotiations earlier because the ZCTU
and Government negotiations over the issue had to be concluded first. MUZ did
not want to be misunderstood by~either the Government or the ZCCM management
and that was why it took its time to start negotiations. Mr Walamba said min-
ers were patriotic citizens who contributed greatly to the economy upon which
Zambia thrived and they deserved sympathy, understanding and respect from em-
ployers. [Text] {Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Feb 85 p 7]

BRITAIN DEFERS PAYMENTS--Britain has rescheduled Zambia's debts amounting to
K115 million to 1989 after which she will pay in ten years. An agreement to
this effect was signed in Lusaka yesterday by Ministry of Finance permanent
secretary Dr Ephraim Kaunga and British high commissioner to Zambia Mr Kelvin
White. The deal was a fulfilment of an agreement reached last July at a meet-
ing of the "Paris Club” of creditor governments. Mr White explained that the
debts covered by the agreement were those incurred by Zambian companies under
contracts guaranteed by the British export credit guarantee department which
assured British exporters against non-payment of overseas debts. [Excerpts]
(Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Feb 85 p 1]

INSURANCE WORKERS STRIKE--More than 200 Zambia State Insurance Corporation
(ZSIC) workers in Ndola went on strike yesterday demanding salary rises and
improved conditions of service. The workers: from both life and general
branches at Collet House on Buteko Avenue gathered outside the offices.
Appeals by district officials of the Zambia Union of Financial Institutions
and Allied Workers (ZUFIAW) to go back to work-failed. Workers said they |
would not return to work until there was progress on talks being held with
Management in Lusaka. District chairman of ZUFIAW Mr Winford Mwasangale

said: "We were waiting for the outcome of the meeting in Lusaka after manage-
ment agreed to convene one. The problem is that sin¢e the collective agreement
-expired negotiations have been slow." The latest collective agreement expired
on December 31 last year. Mr Mwansangale said the workers were not on strike.
"They simply asking for speedy progress of negotiations for a new collective
agreement. It is not only salary increments they are asking for but conditions

107



C. G. Smith held on in ninth place, although its market value dropped from
1.1362 billion to 1.0074 billion rands. Occupying tenth’ place this year is

. an outsider, Lonrho. It moved up from 22nd place with a market value that
almost doubled, from 485.5 million ta 960.9 million rands.

Among the big guns, mines and mining concerns, Anglo is at the very top, with’
a market value that rose from’4.5433 billion to 5.2436 billion rands. How-
ever, Gold Fields’ Driefontein gold supermine pushed its’ market value up by
nearly one billion rands to 5.1 billion rands, and Anglo will have to keep
what it has. in order to stay ahead. .

Amgold, Anglo's gold mining company, moved up from fourth to third place,
with a market value that rose from 2.9416 billion to 3.6 billion rands.

Vaal Reefs, one of Anglo's two supermines, grew from fifth to fourth place,
with a value that rose from 2.5745 billion to 3.172 billion rands. The
market value of De Beers dropped from 3.274 billion to 2.9503 billion rands.

Rloof, another Gold Fields gold mine, moved up from tenth to sixth place
with a market value of 2.2226 billion rands, against. 1. 7388 billion rands
the previous year.

Gold Fields itself stayed in seventh place, with a ‘market value that strangely
enough dropped from 2.1459 billion to 2.1255 billion rands.

Minorco

Minorco stayed in eighth place with a market value that fell slightly to
2.0348 billion rands, while Southvaal, which has an-interest in Vaal Reefs,
stayed in ninth place with a market value that rose from 1.872 billion to
2.028 billion rands.

Consolidated Gold, the British controlling compnay of Gold Fields, moved from
13th place to 10th place with a value that rose from 1.6469 billion to 2.0032
‘billion rands.

As far as the value of trading in mine shares is concerned, De Beers is at
the top of the list. Last year a total of 110.8 million rands worth of De
Beers shares were bought and sold.

12271
CSO: 3401/94

66



-. piping parts.which should be arriving in Bissau “this month, along with some
: of our technicians.

NO PINTCHA: Will the Dutch Government finance the other part of the highway?

D'Ansembourg: No, because the mtual agreement was only intended for limited
financing, and this agreement was included in the 4-Year Development Plan.
For the period’ 1986-90, there are new projects already devised, for example,
that for water in Buba, rice in Tite and baste health.

NO -PINTCHA: The ¢ new Dutch policy is ‘aimed at allowing Dutch companies to
take advantage.of the foreign. aid that the country grants. For example,

. . Mavegro International, a Dutch import~export firm, wants to engage in
commercial activities here. What do you say to that?

D'Ansembourg: In the Netherlands commerce is free andthe goverment does not
give a cent to private. commercial firms. Evert time our government has
contracts with a receiving country, it has the firms enter a competition,
provided this is beneficial to the financed country. Therefore, the develop-
ment of Mavegro International is viewed in Holland with great sympathy; but
the government is not giving them any” assistance, despite the fact that we *
are well acquainted with MAVEGRO's representative, who was the coordinator of .
our aid in Bissau. We. think that business firms of this type should start
engaging in their activities.

NO PINTCHA: Guinea-Bissau and the Netherlands do not have any sports and
cultural relations. Why?

D'Ansembourg: There are but few Third World countries with which the Nether-
lands has this type of relationship. I.only kmow that the annual Nijmegen
contest (200 Km) has had a Guinean representative during the past 2 years.
To.our government, economic cooperation. is the most important thing for the
developing countries.

NO PINTCHA: No Guinean students are taking courses in the Netherlands, as in
other European countries. Why?

D'Ansembourg: Our language is very difficult for brief training of students
whose official language is Portuguese, but many Guinean students are studying
in Brazil and Portugal, with financing from our government.

I hope that Guinea-Bissau will continue to develop at the present pace, and
that its relations with its leading economic’ partners, among whom our country
is included, will bring success and progress.

2909
CSO: 3442/183

21



the use made of aid granted to Cape Verde, he said that our country will
always merit the confidence of the ADB, because it is among the best in
managing the resources made available to it, and this will always win the
respect of the ADB. He stressed the reforestation and the industrialization
efforts whith have been carried out by the government of Cape Verde.

Concerning the election of the future president of the ABB, he voiced opti-
mism, despite all of the problems currently being encountered by the bank.
In conclusion he said that the peoples of Africa will be able to find an
individual who is in fact capable of Fepresent.ing them within the framework
of the African Development Bank.

5157
CSO: 3442/166



| Jprs#SsAx854027

| 4 Apeil 1985

i

Ca
MOZAMBIQUE

“COMMENTARY ON SINCERITY BEHIND N'ROMATI ACCORD © -"
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 22 Jan 85-p.1 -
[Article by Nelson Malangabi: "Could There Be Sincerity?"]

[Text] Several incidents, testimonies and reports have questioned the stringent
fulfillment of the N'komati Accord by South Africa. Furthermore, the sincerity -
and seriousness with which the South Africans signed a non-agression agreement
with our country are starting to be questioned. :

Constantino Reis was someone’ "well-placed" among the bandits. He remained for
a considerable period of time in training centers, and. lived together with ‘the
bandits' ringleaders in South Africa. He is familiar with the mechanisms for
connections with South Africa, and was in contact with those mechanisms, until
nearly 5 months after the signing of the N'komati Accord. Reis is categorical
in his statements: After N'komati, South. Africa continued supporting the
bandits.

The young Mozambican cited a few instances: An unloading of large quantities
of materiel took place om the coast of Sofala at the end of March. On the °:
other hand, the radio broadcasts continued without any interference. Only
the numbér of operators in Pietersburg was reduced. Messages addressed to
the bandits operating within Mozambican territory continued to be sent from
South African territory.

Constantino Reis’ statements are not the only ones. Other bandits who were
captured or who surrendered to the Mozambican authorities said the same thing:
the RSAis continuing to support the terrorist activities in Mozambique.

Simiao Fernando, captured in Inhambane Province at the end of October, declared
that "three Boers" were released from parachutes at a base in the district of
Homoine. Various types of equipment arrived at that base, launched from a
small airplane.

Other testimony confirms the release of military. equipment from parachutes

in Morrumbene, in Inhambane Province, in Hondo, Manica Province, in Gorongosa,
and in other locations. .

26


JPRS#SSA>85-027
i 4 April 1985

- od

ZAMBIA

INDIA PLEDGES WILLINGNESS T

oe Lusaka ZAMBIA’ DAILY NEWS in English 23 Feb 85 p 5°

(Excerp e]

-bia_ in both

INDIAN Hich Commissioner
to Zambia Mr Krishan Mohan
Lal has reiterated his coun-

“try’s.readiness to assist Zam-
the economic .

and technical fields in tine.
with that country’s firm belief

* in South-South co-operation,

Mr. Lal. made the pledge
yesterday when he paid a
Courtesy call on outgoing
Copperbelt Province member
of the Central Committee,
Mr Alex Shapi at the start

_ of a tour of the province:

He said both the late Prime
Minister, Mrs. Indira Gandhi

, and her son Rajiv:- who is now

Prime Minister were firm
believers in continued co-
operation among Third World
countries.

“Should Zambia want tech~

-Mical staff we: are ready to

help aay time. We are also

CSO: .3400/759

‘industries on

ready to help Zambia in any
other field in line with the firm
belief we have in South-South
co-operation,” he said.

He pointed out that Zambia
could benefit a lot from India
in that the former had put
agriculture and small-scale
the priority
development list.

India has reached a very
advanced stage in agriculture
and its small-scale industrial
infrastructure was mooted
immediately after’ indepen-
dence. This means that India
is in a good position to assist
in these two areas,

Speaking on the Indian
community in Zambia, Mr Lal
said he was pleased to hear
from Mr Shapi that Indians
did not only help during the
Struggle for independence
but have continued to make
gontributions — towards the

95°

‘0 AID ECONOMICALLY, TECHNICALLY

Prevailing peace and Stability
in the country,

Me Shapi told Mr Lal that
the Party and its govern-
ment had not experienced
any particular problem from
the Indians resident in Zam-
bia. They had made great
contributions to the economic
and industrial development
of the country,



too weak to transport
what tittle sediment re-
mains.

Every time a vessel
pushes out to sea it gen-
erates waves which also
attack the fragile shore.

‘Near Lome’s phosphate
enrichment factory, 15m
of coast was eaten away
in only two days, The
authorities fear for the
phosphate whart at
Kpeme, decause | its
foundationg “are in
danger,

Togo provides. 45 per-
cent of world exports of -

fine’ phosphates — - 50
percent the country’s ex-
ports. The destruction of
the wharf would cut the

country’s economic life.

Une.
Scientists have noted
that erosion 1s partic-

ularly violent near-unde:
water peaks and vaileys,
such as at the wharf at
Kpeme and the ancient
town of Aneho, 30km
west of Lome. .

Loss
‘The destruction of the

not te mention the loss of
the homes and livelihood
of its 10 000 inhabitants.

abandoned’ twice, .The
new road was built in
1984 one kilometre inland
Parallel to the old route.

‘The Tropicana tourist

aim oll plantations have
peared every year

“The phenomenon is
moving: westwards,” Mr

cso: 3400/766

88

Rossi says.
The Benin coast is
under attack and the ef-
fects sell eval a far 8
fF ie be
leres? Even the land- ©
locked countries.of Mall,
Burkina Faso and Niger
could de affected, as
Loma is the main transit
port for thelr imports
and exports. :
. He laments that none
of these countries have

to protect our coast
now’, he says.-

“If we do not do some-
thing about it within a
year the phosphate wharf
and factory will be in the
sea.”

The World Bank, Uni-
ted Nations Development
Fund and Buropean Com-
munity have all financed
studies. But Mr Rossi

any protective
waters can be built per-
pendicular to the coast to
trap sedimentation, ex-

laboratories equipped for
this are in the Nether-
lands, France and the
United States.

deen avoided by planning -
— if only in planning the
site of the port's pier.
“But the dam and the
port were constructed be-
cauge the countries need-
ed them, without think-
ing what would happen
in 10 years time,” says
Mr Rossi.
‘Now the race fs on to
decade's



_ a

; . : JERS#SSA¥85+027
- i . : . | 4 April 1985

CAPE VERDE,

ARMED FORCES PROMOTION LIST ANNOUNCED
Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 23 Jan 85 ppl, 5.

{Article by Armindo Rodrigues: ."56 Officers Promoted at 20 January Commen-
orative Ceremonies"] : : —

[Text] Within the context of the activities scheduled this. year to commemor-
ate the 12th anniversary of the death of Amilcar Cabral, the founder of
our mation, and the fourth anniversary of the proclamation of the African
Independence Party of Cape. Verde (PAICV), a.ceremony was held on the afternoon
of 20 January at the barracks of the Jaime Mota Company, at which 27 officers
in the People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP) were promoted.

‘
- Twenty-seven officers of various ranks in the FARP were promoted in a ceremony
held at the Jaime Mota barracks in Praia to commemorate National Heroes’ Day
on’ 20 January. Other officers were promoted in identical ceremonies held in
the Sao Vicente and Sal military regions, thus bringing the total number of
officers promoted throughout. the national territory to 56.

Members of the Political Commission and the National Council of the Party,
superior and subordinate officers, both active and retired, as well as other
guests were present at the ceremony. Thexspeakers of the day included
Minister of National Defense Honorio Chantre, and newly promoted Capt Alberto
Rocha, who spoke on behalf of the other officers promoted.

There were frequent references to Amilcar Cabral, the founder of our nation,
who was assassinated on 20 January 1978, throughout the commemorative
ceremony. In his address, the minister of national defense asked for a minute
of silence in memory of the "late comrade Amilcar Cabral, and all the martyred
heroes who gave their. lives for the liberation of our people."

Also linked with this event is the fact that the proclamation of the PAICV
took place on that same day 3 years later, as was mentioned in the address on
behalf of the officers promoted. “It is with profound pride that we note the
coincidence of the date of this ceremony with the commemoration of the two
events of overwhelming historical importance which have marked our struggle
and the life of our people."

The two new captains, two first lieutenants, 10 second lieutenants, 15 sub-
lieutenants, 17 first sergeants, 16 second sergeants: and four sergeants who -


- . , JPRS#SSA=85#027
-  » 4 April 1985.

ZAMBIA :

PRIME MINISTER CALLS FOR STRONG TIES WITH NEW ZEALAND

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 15 Feb 85 p 1 -

{Text}

PRIME MINISTER, Nalumino Mundia yesterday called for the establishment of stro: ,
diplomatic links between Zambia and New Zealand that would open a new chapter in the

two countries’ relationship.

Speaking when Mr Chris
Laidlaw, -the special: assistant
tw the Prime Minister of New
Zealand called on him. at his
National Assembly office, Mr
Mundia said Zambia was
greatly cheered with the latest
developments in New Zealand
which showed a change of po-
licy especially towards apar-
theid South Africa which be-
fore was a source of misunder-
standing between the two
countries.

He said with the coming to
power of the Labour Party un-
der Mr David Lange, Zambia
was optimistic that the two
cnuntries would now usher in a
new era of cn-vperation and
understanding and bring the
two peuples together.

Mr Mundia hoped New Zea-
land would now broaden her
area of economic assistance to
cuuntries in the region now
that there is a new government
in that country under’ Mr La-
nge, who has a different app-
roach to the issues pertaining
to apartheid South Africa.

Earlier, during 4 luncheon
at Inter-Continental Hotel, Fo-
reign Affairs Minister of State,

cso: 3400/759

Mr Otema Musuka told Mr
Laidlaw that there is need
to-explore other areas of pos-
sible cn-wperation between Za-
mbia and New Zealand.

He said Zambia and New
Zealand had a vital role to
play in promoting world peace
and international co-operation
hence the need for the two
cuuntries to draw even closer.

Mr Musuka said the danger ;
of the nuclear war was grow-
ing ever more.and the produc-
tion of weapons of mass dest-
ruction were on the increase.

“These facts make it in-
cumbent upon all nations to
take steps to guarantee peace
and stability in the world. Re-
gional conflicts, the arms race,
the widening economic and te-
chological gap between deve-
loped and developing count: |
ties are some of the factors
cuntribating to tension and in-
stability,"” Mr Musuka said.

“We actively support such
efforts which contribute to-
wards lessening international
tension and. the threat of nu-
clear war. New Zealand under
the leadership of Mr Lange, :

94

has made bold changes in her {

policy. i
“The move by your country !

.to close the South’ African con-

sulate in Wellington as well as
to sever other contacts with
apartheid South Africa consti-
tutés a great love and affection
for the oppressed people by
New Zealand,"” Mr Musuka
said. :

In reply, Mr Laidlaw said
New Zealand under the lea-
detship of the Labour Party
“would do everything possible

F na fiy and Peisdade orher-ne--

tions to isvlate apartheid South
Africa completely.

He said New Zealand now
wanted tu see Namibia get her
Independence.

‘And ZANA reports that the
Whire House was reported
yesterday to be resisting pre-
Ssure from the military and
others to put into limited use
some ‘Star Wars’ technology
as soon as possible.

The: Washington Post
quoted US officials visiting
London as saying the pressure
was coming from ‘sectors of
the administration and the
military.’


[Text]

TTis a well known fact that
resolutions from meetings
ofthe United National Inde-
pendence Party (UNIP) are
meant to benefit various
organs of national deve-
lapment in Zambia.

Also obvious is - that
wheri these resolutions are
not implemented. the
integral development of the
nation suffers because all
the five areas of human
endeavour which President
Kaunda so often refers to.
-+pecome adversely affected.

These are: economic.

ipalitical. social = and

cultural. defence = and
security-and_ scientific and
technological.

it is sad that for 20 years

since Zambia __ became
independent. numerous re-
‘solutions have been made
from several meetings. but
a majority of them have not

been implemented for .

rious reasons. Some were
imply forgotten.
The President's decision
in December to form a
committee to be the watch-
dog of Party resolutions.
should have come as a re-
lief to. the nation and the
Party. .
Added to thar'is the mid-
week news that the commit-
tee-is now set to start work
and ensure that resolutions
from the Party General
Conference. National
Council meetings and na-
tional conventions are

- systematically followed up

and acted on.

There can be no better
news forthe future meetings.
than these two develop-
ments. Zambia can now
lonk to the future with more
hope that the purposes of
meetings and conferences
will - henceforth "be. inter-_
preted into action. .

The seriousness with
which the* President
attaches to the committee is
reflected in its membership
— all Cabinet ministers:
Mr Luke Mwananshiku
(Finance) and National
Development and Plan-
ning). -his elder brother

. Mr Clement Mwananshiku
(Defence). Mr Gibson

Chigaga (Legal Affairs). Mr
Leonard Subulwa (Com:
merce and Industry). Mr
Frederick Chomba (Home
Affairs). Mr Haswell
Mwale (Works and Supply)
and Mr Ben. Kakoma
(Youth and Sport).

The committee is headed
by Prime Minister Mundia
as chairman. To show the
mood prevailing. Mr
Mundia announced ‘on
Wednesday that he had set
up a secretariat at Cabinet
Office which will coordinate
research with the Party

. Research Bureau at Free-

dom House. and will: be
answerable to the secretary

to the Cabinet.

However though the
system appears to be '*g0""
for a well coordinated and

well researched implement- ~

ation of Party resolutions.
Mr Bob Litana. the chair-

99

JPRS#SSA¥85#027
i; 4 April 1985

C=

ZAMBIA

WATCHDOG COMMITTEE FORMED TO ENSURE RESOLUTION IMPLEMENTATION -

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES. OF ZAMBIA in English 24, Feb 85 pp 1, 7

man of the Central Commit-
tee’s Elections. and Publi-
city Sub-Committee. has
cautioned against expect-
ing good results too early.
He said: “1 would not

cheat. that we have now -

found the answer because
we will Fal have problems

ing from.lack of funds.
manpower and even trans-
port.

But Mr Litana concedes
that at least a major break-
through has been achieved:
the formation of an ad-hoc
committee to look into the
implementation of ‘resolu-
tions and advise the Party
‘on why some of them would
not be carried through.

Mr Litana said in the past
it had heen difficult for the
Party to know why all
resolutions would not be
implemented because there
was no svstem through
which feed-back would be
channelled to the Party
once the resolutions went
through the conferences.

‘The main problem was
that once the resolutions
were passed, “the question
of who was supposed to do
what arose. It was just like
a game of over-to-you.”
Mr Litana said.

Meanwhile. as people
waited for action. a vacuum
was created between the
policy-making Party Coun-
cil and the policy executors
—the Government.

This was not because
there. were not enough
people to do the work. It



NDLOVA SEES- BIG SWING OF VOTERS FROM ZAPU

Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Feb 85 -p 5

[Text]

THE genéral election wil
witness a major para o
voters from

Zanu (PF) in Meaeanele.

land, the provincia chair.

Zanu_ (PF) 2
Matapeleland Norts, Dr
Calistus Ndlovu, has

said,

He told The Herald this
week: “I believe there
has been a change ‘in the
thinking of many peopte
and the election this year

show a different vot-

ine pattern eo that it

not be a clean sweep

for Zapu in Matabele-
land."

‘Cde Ndlovu, who ig a
member of the Central

he reslgmed to join Zanu -

PF).

He said Zapu was be-
ortte and that aitnovgh
and that. el
the organtsation’s leader,
Dr Joshua Nkomo, con-
tinued to speak ms

arrogance there no
dovot that he feels shakes
now, hence the wave of
violence against Zanu
(PF) by the dissidents

‘The recent killing in
Nkayi of Zanu (PF) dis-

trict chairman Cde Mike _

Stbanda had snocked a ot

of people.

“As a result of this we
have seen movement
which indicates that peo-
Ple are chonging.”

He. said people tr the
area were belng subloctec
to “terrible pressures" by
the dissidents ag proved

115

by the fact that four
Zanu (PF) officials had
heen publicly hanged by
the dissidents lust “week.

He said the dissidents
had ned up oid people
and children and told
them that they would
teach them not to forget
Zapu. Cde Ndlovu said
besides the four who
were hanged, 40 were in-

and hospitalised.

“Zapu would not do
that unless they felt that
thelr position was being
threatened,” ‘he said,

He said his party's
strategy in the area had
deen deliberately geered
e mobilising people in

the rural areas because
they were facing diss!-
dent infiltration and were
the brunt of the
dissidents’ activities,

“We have turned them
the

tallty | belng unleashed
suppor
iene

than we have now, Zapu
would be completely

to the pecple le Matabele-
land to turn them. away
from disaldents, he said
it wag being made clear
to the people that the
dissidents were being fed,
trained and armed by the
racist South African re-

othe people in Matabele-
land had become aware
of the negative role the
dissidents were playing

!
|
ie

SPRS#SSA#85-027
4 April 1985

ZIMBABWE



a

SOUTH AFRICA

IMAM ON VISIT TO IRAN, LESSONS OF REVOLUTION FOR NATION'S MUSLIMS
Cape Town MUSLEM NEWS in English 8 Feb 85 p 7
[Article by Hoosein Ismail]

[Excerpts]
One of the guests invited to Iran for the anniversary of the Islamic
Revolution was Imam Afzal Nagdee of the Caritonville Masjid In
- Transvaal. In this interview with our correspondent, HOOSEIN
ISMAIL, Imam Nagdee discusses. his visit and the lessons the
Islamic Revolution holds for the Muslims of South Africa. _

Q: Now that you have seen the change the
Revolution brought about in iran, what would
you. feel about ‘importing’ the Revolution to
this country where we, as Muslims, are a
minority?

A: The question is notaboutimporting
the Revolution. The question is becom-
Ing better Muslims like they have
become. | firmly believe that we have to
learn from the iranians how to impie-
ment what we would cail Isiam in its

- entirety, in every walk of life. Here and
there we find that there are changes
coming about But most of the changes
that we see are just like window-
dressing. It may change the outer ap-
pearance of many of our brothers and
sisters but we find that it doesn't change
the heart or the real condition of the
person. It doesn't make him more aware
of Islam. Isiam has become a sort of a
ritual here.

What | think we should understand
from the Revolution is that Isiam is not
justa personal affair, islam is a universal
affair and we should live our lives in that
fashion in our country.

62

‘Ulema in Iran were

- prepared to give their

lives’

In Iran the leadership played a very
important role in the Revolution. The
Ulema were in tte forefront, prepared to
give their lives for the sake of Isiam.
Many of them died in prison in the most
brutal.way. | feel that we in this country
‘should encourage our Ulema to take the
same stance. Standing on the Mimbar
and so on does not help. They should
take the lead by being among the

. Masses and those that are striving for

Islamic change. | think itis onty when the
Ulema give their time and lives would
the Muslims here have a proper leader-
ship to rule them.

‘Leadership based on
sacrifice’

Q: You say there is a lack of leadership in
this country. In view of this, how do feel the

Musilms can be educated to accept islam as-
a total way of lite?


-Dilemma

": The government has great “understanding ‘for the monetary problems experienced

by farmers in’ the regions devastated by drought. However, agriculture should
also show understanding for the financial dilemma of the state.

On the one hand, the state is being criticized because the increase in govern-
ment spending is too-high and the budgetary deficit for loans is too high,
while, on the other hand, various bodies are insisting on programs and pro~
jects which will worsen that position. : . 7

Programs which would bring about greater government expenditures must not only
have merit,. but should also be important matters of priority, said Du Plessis: ©

8463
CSO: 3401/100

68



Foreign Affairs and which, for a time, was. the office of President Habre when
he was prime minister under General Malloum. The rich Moslem merchants, whose
shops are especially well. stocked with "appliances" (hi-fi sets, cassette-
vadios, fans, and so on)--imported in most cases fraudulently from Kano or
Maidiguri in Nigeria--rub shoulders with the noisy, voluble, and gossipy tribe
of tradeswomen offering an almost exclusively feminine and greedy clientele
fruits and vegetables, dried or smoked fish, and millet meal or cornmeal for
preparing the famous round noodles that Chadians are so fond of.

Seeing the vegetable crates filled with beautiful green lettuce, magnificent
‘and astonishingly fresh green beans, and beautiful reddish-purple tomatoes
bursting with sunshine and flavor and liberally watered to juicy maturity by.
the nourishing waters of the Chari River, one finds it hard to. imagine that
camped not far away are poor wretches driven from their homes by a food shortage
unprecedented in the history of this unfortunate country--a country which, al-
ready afflicted by the Qadhdhafi calamity, did not need that terrible scourge.

The only people not sharing in the good humor around them are the butchers.
Their gloomy countenances say a lot about their current worries. The departure
of the "Manta" soldiers caused a breathtaking drop in the price of beef tender-
loin (from 1,250 to 500 CFA francs). What a shame! A barbecue is now within
the reach of even a small purse (one indulges oneself in what one can afford!).
For less than 5,000 CFA francs, you can afford a sheep on the hoof. And to
think that 2 years earlier in this same marketplace, we had bought one ess for
150 CFA francs! Yes, N'Djamena -has indeed changed.

When we had left the city the previous time, hordes of "fighters" were wander-

ing around with Kalashnikovs slung across their shoulders. Some of them would
extort, pillage, or even kill for an automobile, moped, or air conditioner--by

far the most sought-after items. For those young desert warriors, brought up

for years to believe that conquering the "Pearl of the Chari," about which they .
had heard so much, would open up to them the doors of fortune and respect, the a
Chadian capital and everything it contained were the spoils of war: the victor's
booty! In short, it was a Chadian "remake" of the barbarians in Rome. There

was a great lack of security in the streets of N'Djamena at the time, and

neither people nor property were safe from aggression and armed robbery. It

took all the determination of the FAN leaders to check the dangerous wave of
banditry that was on the rise--and their methods sometimes involved the summary
execution of looters.

Today, N'Djamena is one of the safest cities in black Africa. That may be a
surprising statement, considering the ideas people abroad have of. Chad and its
inhabitants. "I feel safer here than in Lagos, Abidjan, or Douala," I was told
by a UN expert who had arrived in Chad in September 1982 and was starting his
third year in a country whose inhabitants he found "very likable." Discreet
but well in evidence, the patrols from the police, the BIR (Rapid Intervention
Force), and, above all, the militia (which was formed a few months ago by vol-
unteers, most of them government employees and students) ensure order and safety
with a correctness that definitely astounded one French colleague who had ex-
pected to be fleeced nightly by those he liked to call "Habre's hoodlums" in
streets that once again glow with the reassuring light from brandnew-street
lights.



cso:

3400/759

Kenya Transporting
‘Company '* (KENATCO)
stopped tra-

° ‘sporting goods to and

from Zambia after the clo-
Sure of the Kenya/Tanza-
nia border «in 1977 has
Tesumed business to Za-
mbia,

He said the company, _
trucks used to carry

96

2 Int of goods from Za.
‘mbia, "including
it the port of Mombasa
chad lost millions of Kwacha
tin business during the
were

'€ reasonable
copper Prices, this was the
itime to move fast to help
nt of copper
bia, Mr. Kaira

‘Said.
i: During the period the
;Kenya/Tanzania border
was clased, Kenateo tru-

* “Our: operations on these
‘Toutes were not as beautiful
tas” were here before
ithé border closure because
lit was only one way busi-
iness
ito bring goods to Zambia
jand-carry some from here,’*
ihe said. —ZANA-

copper |

Whereas we Used ©

|
|
|
L.

JPRS4SSA¥85-027
4 April 1985

“ZAMBIA


_ C80:

3400/762

December, process,, because it proclaimed a commit-
ment to’ transform the socio-economic. structure. of
the country. in the interest of the;.people.. We ‘ask ”
ourselves whether: the, latest reforms have, not
destroyed. the basis for’ that, commitment’”. It, went
onto say: that the actual” economic policies. being
implemented’: were based purely on fiscal and mone-
tarist, , calculations. ‘Over-reliance. , On. sf
invests loans and: aid. Of. Ghana: current.

rt. earnings, “40%: ‘was. being | “used .to; serv
exerna, debts. -.a. figure ‘that, would ‘soon groy

by. the:  Tsikatas. ‘Though organisations such as. the
Catholic Graduates for Action were signatories t the
statement, its driving, force was.the: New.Democratic.
Movement:= the Tsikatas political vehicle. ..., "

“Rawlings, a man of tremendous. personal courage,
does nat sesm:to ‘have worried:-too. much. about it.
Even. after the Kumasi.plot, he took off for. Algeria:
on a. scheduled two-day visit, accompanied by: Kojo:
Tsikata.. Finance minister, Kwesi Botehway, was due
to ‘have gone tao, but was dropped at, the last
moment. His position is now. shaky, as he appears
to be the. renegade leftist, on whom his. former
colleagues blame the ascendency of the IMF. But.
removing him; would damage international, confi-,

have to ‘dioase petween political
expediency, entailing the retention of support from
the Tsikatas’ group and’ a distancing from: EMF
policies, or an. outright fight, - .

18



The Sao Tome leader commented on the familiarity among several individuals who
began writing about Africa. Amilcar Cabral was one of them. ‘They ‘met for the
first time at the home of some relatives of Luis“Espirito Santo Graca, located
at 111 r/c Carlos Mardel Street, where our late lamented leader also appeared
to recite some of his poems.

Tribute to Amilcar Cabral

"We can claim that those meetings were the forerunners of the Centers of
African Studies which. in 1948 began spreading the seed of what was tobe the
MAC (Anti-Colonial Movement), the FRAIN (Revolutionary Front’ for National
Independence) and the CONCP (Conference of Nationalist Organizations of the
Portuguese Colonies); the roots for the present summits that we have held,"
emphasized Alda Espirito Santo, who added: .

"This was how the fraternal familiarity began with Amilcar Cabral, a young man
with a radiant simplicity, whose smile was one of confidence. We African
students of those times considered as infectious the way in which Amilcar
Cabral tried to call the attention of all the Africans, whether students or
mot, to the realities of their countries."

When asked to describe her message at the conference“and the topic which she
discussed, Alda Espirito Santo explained: © .

"I wanted to say that we have not brought any message. We have come provided
with a report in tribute to Amilear Cabral."

The subject of our interview continued her explanation vremarking:"It was a
"simple" message that the MLSTP Central Committee, on behalf of its members,
its leaders, the people of Sao Tome and Principe and President Pinto da Costa
has brought to your presence, for-our participation in this symposium."

‘Miracles Do Not Happen 3

Then we asked her to provide for us in a general way a depiction of the
present state of the economy and of politics in Sao Tome and Principe. The
Sao Tome leader again demonstrated her realism and humility:

"Speaking about the economic and political situation in our country means giving
a reminder of a country that is in the ninth year of its independence, that has
experienced 504 years of colonialism and that has an economic underdevelopment

to cope with as well as an ‘economic crisis on a worldwide scale, which obvious-

ly falls most particularly and acutely upon the poor and underdeveloped coun-
tries. . .

"It is from this perspective that we, as members of our country, as leaders,
and as people from Sao Tome and Principe, are working amid enormous difficulties
resulting from the world economic crisis and the fluctuatior of export prices. *

47


the Congo. As. brothers, it is therefore natural that’we come to talk with
the prime commissar of state," the Congolese minister said.

It should be noted that Dioulou Nicolas and Carombo Okounou, the central
manager of planning and coordination at the Ministry of Civil Aviation and the
general manager of Lina Congo respectively, are members of the Congolese
delegation, together with the Congolese charge d'affaires in Zaire. ~-The
delegation to the prime commissar of state was led by citizen Lengema Dulia
Yubasa Makanga, secretary of state for international cooperation. .

Japanese Scientific Mission

Kinshasa ELIMA in French 20 Dec 84 pp l, 5

“[Artiche by Kalonji: "An Important Japanese Sceintific Mission in Zaire]

[Text] Last Tuesday, his excellency the ambassador of the Japanese empire
organized at his residence a splendid reception in honor of the mission
members of the Japanese Agency for International Cooperation on a working
visit in Zaire. In attendance at the reception were citizen Kabaidi wa
Kabaidi, the regional president of the MPR-Kinshasa and city governor,
citizen Lengema Dulia, secretary of state for international cooperation, and
many other personages both Zairian and foreign. .

. ¢ :
The 10 member Japanese mission, which arrived last Monday, is led by Dr
Hidehiko Abe, professor at the University of Utsunomika. Its task is to
work out a guide plan for the transportation system in the city of Kinshasa
as well as between Kinshasa and Banana. It will stay in our country for 3
months.

The better to complete its task, the ~mission is making contact with the
various national groups involved in transport and communication, in this
case the Departments. of Transportation and Planning, as well as national
organizations such as Onatra, SNCZ, the Roads Office etc. To the question
when the studies will be completed, the leader of the mission said that
according to the plans, the full completion of the studies was fixed at 1
year. The importance ‘of, such a mission hardly needs to be stressed, given
the acuteness of the transportation problem in our capital.

Improving Joint Transportation
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 20 Dec 84 pp 1, 6

[Editorial in the column "Viewpoint": "Improvement of Conditions of Joint
Transportation"] . .

{Text] Zaire and the Congo have just strengthened their agreements in the
area of transportation and at the same time, a Japanese mission with the

task of elaborating a transportation control system for Kinshasa and Bas-
Zaire is staying in our country. These two facts in conjunction with the
creation of. a new Zairian-Portuguese transportation company cast a glimmer

92


Maputo Surrounded . .

The pincers are slowly closing around Maputo, virtually blockaded along the
toad leading to South Africa as well as in the direction of Swaziland or the
morthern.part of the country.

It is true that the convoys of vehiclés are still traveling, but they have to
be Protected by the Armed Forces.

Foreigners, utged by ‘the respective embassies tiot to travel outside the cities
any longer,.are supplied either by chartered planes or by trucks. which run the

‘risk of traveling with the payment of large amounts of compensation, or else
in the Maputo foreign exchange shop. foredgn exchange which the Mozambican
authorities sorely need.

This shortage of foreign currency has been hampering imports of both provisions
and oil, which is now in short supply and is posing logistical problems for
highway traffic and aircraft.

Famine

"The people tn Maputo are starving," stress all observers: droughts and poor
harvests, priority for the regions hardest hit. by the drought in the North; as
for the international food assistance, there is a weakness in the importing
system and, particularly, a sharp declinein the value of the national currency,
the metical, the official exchange rate for which is 43 per American dollar,
but on the black market it increases to 1,500 as a minimum, in exchange for a
"green bill." .

The shortage of provisions-is also reflected in a run on foreign exchange, and
one observes endléss lines of people in front of the business establishments
as well as the markets, which as a rule: are empty.

The most fortunate manage to purchase bread or a bag of potatoes at the foreign
exchange shop, called the "free trade shop."

Cuts in Water and Power

The lack of provisions is accompanied, in the capital but also in several other
areas, by a lack of transportation, and cuts in electric power and the water
supply. .

Those cuts in the electricity and water supplies have become virtually normal.

"They (the ‘armed bandits') have cut the high voltage lines again, this time .
quite near Maputo," explained a minister, in a conversation with.some reporters
last weekend, to justify the lack of electricity which, fortunately, lasted
only a few moments.

In early January, the high voltage line carrying electricity from South Africa
to Maputo, a branch taken from the Cabora Bassa supply, was also sabotaged.

* 30



The withdrawal of "Manta"? Everyone-here regrets it, beginning with Chad's
small merchants and craftsmen but also including those ladies whom spiteful
“local tongues call the "Cameroonian contingent" or the "Manta logistics unit."
The ladies now drown their bitterness in big glasses of. Gala, the delicious
local beer, on the terrace of the Chari Cafe or the Chadian Cafe. But no one
" seems overly worried about a possible resumption of hostilities. "At any rate,
not in N'Djamena," we were assured by the owner of the Central Cafe, a new
pizzeria that had just opened. He had come from Cameroon, where business "was
no longer any good,” to try his luck in Chad. The French restaurateur'’s fine
assurance is shared almost unanimously ‘by his many customers, most of whom I
ran across that.afternoon on the courts of the N'Djamena tennis club, which
had never before seen such, crowds. -.

It is true ‘that everyone here keeps one eye fixed on the red line marking the
16th parallel--on Kalait, where the troops under "Comchef" [commander in chief]
Idriss Deby have strengthened: their positions with reinforcements brought up
from the south, which has now been “pacified” following the unrest in August
and September. But no anxiety is expressed in the remarks exchanged over a
drink or on the fine sand at N'Djamena's "beach" about 3 kilometers from the
Chagoua Bridge. The beach is the Sunday meeting place for residents of the

_ ghetto of cooperants, expatriates, and other employees of international. orga-

‘ nizations, who go there once a week with their families and their big picnic
lunches. Hardly anyone mentions the stepped-up surveillance around public |
buildings or the fact that "the president has not left his palace for several
weeks .'t

The president? "He is quite a person!" Admiration and respect are the feelings
that the Chadian chief of state inspires in a circle of people who cannot be
suspected of being complaisant toward the leaders of Third-World countries, all
of whom are generally lumped together under the same accusations concerning the
negligence common to all those governments.

President Habre is visibly concerned to substantiate the feeling that the
country is well governed and to do so with a firm and steady hand. He has been
particularly inflexible when cases of misconduct have come to his attention.

As a shrewd leader concerned with rigor and morality in public life, the "boss"
(as he is called by his associates) has not hesitated to punish members of his
own family when they have been involved in offenses which, in other latitudes,
would have earned their perpetrators (sons, cousins, or nephews of the local
despot) a light reprimand. His proud and quick-tempered niece Chedeye, an in-
trepid Amazon playing a Gorane version of Calamity Jane, once engaged in a
little pistol practice in a nightclub, using as her target a European who had
had the poor taste not to show an interest in her! After being kept in prison
for a few weeks on her uncle's orders even though the victim had dropped all
charges, Chedeye has now lost some of. her arrogance and haughtiness.

Worried? Did you say worried? Government employees, most of whom (in the Posts
and Telecommunications Service, the army, the police, and the administration)
received a full month's pay at the beginning of December, are wearing big

smiles despite the high cost of living and the resulting difficulty in making
ends meet. At the Relais Club, N'Djamena's most popular "retreat," the regular

14



Difficulty . : - _ .

One of the most difficult things for me to understand is why they do not
want to accept us rationally. However, there are a few exceptions among the
English-speaking newspapers. :

[Question] How do they see the everyday occurrences in the new
constitutional politics in which you and your party are involved and how do
they present it? . . -

[Answer] We still have difficulty with certain reporters, but no longer
with the newspapers as such. Those reporters are not willing to accept us
in good faith. What I object to is that they purposely want to see white
advisers behind us.

{Question] The country is experiencing an economical recession. How will
this affect your plans to promote societal equality?

{Answer] With the.money available, we will move continually closer to the
goal. In any case, we will follow a system where we favor the whites and in
turn, the Coloreds, but in such a way that the gap in pensions will be
shortened every time. In this Way we hope in five years to eliminate the
arrears in an evolutionary manner.

{Question] Do-you see a permanent role for the United Democratic Front in
South Africa? :

{Answer] The United Democratic Front is a loose, reactionary front and has
no real representation. They mention the names of a number of labor unions
and Dr Allan Boesak goes abroad and says. that he represents.more than a
million workers.

Strategy

The truth is that in those same unions there are thousands of members of the
Labor Party. The UDF is too loose a front to really have a permanent
influence on the establishment of South Africa.

[Question] Do you mean that the strategy of the Labor Party to participate
in the restructuring will bring you in conflict with the ANC and has caused
a permanent break-with anti-organizations?

(Answer] I keep thinking that this was the right decision at the right
moment. The ANC had at one time supported our strategy of participation
with the old VKR [Congress of Representatives for the Coloreds]. Certain
gtoups in South Africa had received the order of the ANC to participate with
the new constitution until shortly before the-Eshowe decision.

58



MOTO: Why did Cde Callistus Ndlovu resign? .

Dr Nkomo: I believe that he is just being opportunistic. He felt that

since ZANU is in power it would help him to join it in order to re-
main or be a minister and he has achieved that. He is not a loss to
the.party as his performance during the two years we were with
him after independence did not impress anybody. When he left
the party, he left ail the support he ever had. I don’t think he has
any support in ZANU either.

MOTO: Why did ZAPU decide to form a united front with the :

UANC and the Conservative Alliance? -
Dr Nkomio: These are deliberate distortions by ZANU(PF). We have

not formed any united front with anybody. What we are in- >

terested-in is a united front of all progressive forces in Zimbabwe.
Let us accept that ZANU and ZAPU are not the sole groups that
fought for iridependence. A large number of those who fought are
not members of either party but are entitled to come in a united
front to see to it that these two parties do not abuse the trust that
the country gave them,

MOTO: What mechanism would you use to ensure that the other
parties do not abuse their powers?

Dr Nkomo: When I came back from Britain, I put forward a sug-
gestion that we have a congress of all organisations in the country
with the government playing the leading role. As a body, we
would look into various problems that cannot be resolved by one
party. We used this method when we were outside as the Patriotic
Front. This is what enabled us to fight so effectively during the

“Yast four or five years of the war. If we did it before in-
dependence, why can’t we do it in building our country? .

MOTO: Do you think there is a chance for normalisation of rela-
tions between ZANU and ZAPU?

Dr Nkomo: We have reached a stalemate. We formed a committee in
1980 chaired by Cde Nyagumbo. However, in 1983, Cde Nyagu-
mbo just announced that the committee had failed. There were
subsequently no more meetings between ZAPU and ZANU.
‘When the Prime Minister dismissed John Nkomo and Msipa, he
said that was the end of the marriage, ZANU(PF) and ZAPU
have therefore come to the end of their tether.

MOTO: Would ZAPU ever consider entering into another dialogue
with ZANU about normalisation?

Dr Nkomo: ZANU is in power. The Prime Minister is ZANU. He is ~

Prime Minister of the country by a constitution we all agreed on,
therefore in things like this, it is the Prime Minister who leads.

MOTO: Do you think that the claims about ZAPU’s support of
dissidents could damage your chances in the elections?

Dr Nkomo: I don’t think so. People have become immune. Of
course you can’t be immune to death, people still die but the local
elections have shown that despite these coercive measures, people
still vote for the party of their choice. Coercive measures are
counter-productive and should be abandoned.

MOTO: What.is your reaction to the claim that ZAPU’s leadership

was involved in the murder of Senator Moven Ndlovu?

Dr Nkomo: Events in Beitbridge point that this is an internal matter,
an internal murder. I don’t care what they say. We don’t kill, we
have no history of killing but can ZANU(PF) say the same?

MOTO: It was reported in The Herald that the resolutions reached
at the ZAPU congress were altered. Could you comment?

Dr Nkomo: That was mischievous of the reporter. People here are
ignorant because the press wants them to remain ignorant. What
happened is this: The script was given to me late when journalists

111



JPRS#SSA%85%027
4 April 1985

ZIMBABWE

* CEPHAS MSIPA DEPLORES POWER STRUGGLES TAKING PLACE

“Gweru MOTO in English No 31, Feb 85 pp 7-8

{Interview with Cephas Msipa, date, place not specified]

[Text]

MOTO: What do you think will be the

major issues for the next general elec-

tions? .
Msipa: The major issues for ZANU will
be a one-party state, and socialism, and
its implementation. For other parties the
~ issues will be the economy and how to im-
* prove-it, i.e. unemployment and the ris-
ing cost of living. The economy will only
be addressed by ZANU in the sense that
they -will say in. order to improve. the
economy, a one-party state and socialism
are needed. They will say the economy
hinges on these two issues. Also ZANU
will blame the economic ills on the private
sector. .

MOTO: How would you describe the gen-
eral political climate of the country

leading up to elections? .

Msipa: The political climate can change.
at short notice depending on the attitudes
of the leaders. The leaders must see that
violence must be controlled if we are to
have free and fair elections and if our im-
age abroad is not to be hurt. The leaders
must control their followers. The only
. people who are really out of control are
the dissidents. For the good name of Zim-
babwe,. peace must prevail during the
election time.

MOTO: Why do you feel that whites are
freer and happier, while blacks still- suf-

fer! :

Msipa: The politics of this country has
degenerated into pure power struggles.
The whites are no longer a force to be
reckoned with politically, so whites are
left alone. The struggle now is between
blacks vs. blacks, The whites are not forc-

113

ed to do anything. They don’t have to
have party cards; they are not forced to

- attend"party meetings or rallies; they can
travel freely without being stopped and
asked for cards. This should be the same
for ail. .

MOTO: Why do. you support a one-party
state?
Msipa: A one-party state is needed but
under certain conditions. African politics
tends to be tribal and tribalism is incite-
ment to violence and conflict. The task
now is to build the nation. At our stage of
development, a one-party state would be
better than civil strife. The amount of
funds now spent on organising parties
and the animosity that comes_out of this
frightens investors, because they think
there may be a civil war.

If a one-party, state is democratic and
there are safeguards against dictatorship
and human rights (freedom of expression),
and there is true participation in decision-
making, then a One-party state would be
acceptable.

The first step toward a one-party state
would have been unity between ZAPU
and ZANU. However, this unity must
come through dialogue and free choice. It
must, not be imposed.

Once people see that things are work-
ing weil and that there is free expression
and everyone participates in the decision-
making process, then people may see no
need to have several parties. ZANU needs
to use more persuasion tham coercion to
bring people to the party. The govern-
ment could win people through its pro-
gramme and record.

MOTO: Do you see any chance of normali-
sation between the two parties?



| JPRS#SSA+85#027
. 4 April 1985,”
i o*,
|

INTER=AFRICAN AFFAIRS

CEPGL COOPERATION ON HYDROELECTRIC POLICY REPORTED = -««;
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 11 Ja 85 ppl, 7 .
{Editorial: “CEPGH: Multiform Cooperation]

[Text] On Wednesday, in the context of regional cooperation, Kinshasa hosted
the llth general assembly of the Energy of the Great Lakes. This assembly
brings together the energy ministers of the countries of the Great Lakes
(CEPGL). The authorities of the organizations for the production, distribu-
tion, and marketing of the electrical energy of the countries of the Great |
Lakes alse took part in these proceedings.

Anxious to harmonize their energy policy, the member countries of the CEPGL
did not overlook the scrutiny of the various production projects for
multiple sources of electrical energy, their establishment in various areas,
and the regulation of the exploitation of electrical energy in the subregion
of the Great Lakes.

Zaire, which has energy enough to spare thanks to its Inga hydroelectric dam,
one of the largest in the world, is invelved in different projects for the
establishment of electrical energy undertaken in the context of the CEPGL.
On this subject one may point to the construction and development of the
Ruzizi II Bydroelectric station, a project of the three member countries of
the: CEPGL without forgetting the tapping of Lake Kivu methane gas.

‘The production of electrical energy stands as one of the priorities of each
. country and goes together with the industrial development of each country.
Consequently, the three member countries of the CEPGL-are not overlooking
any source of energy. Experts are engaged in establishing the latest
technology in order to ensure that the countries of the said region achieve
better distribution and marketing of electrical energy. This explains

the existence within the CEPGL of a specialized institution, the EGL
(Energy of the Great Lakes) which gathers together the experts of the
member countries. The EGL is the CEPGL's advisory organization responsible
for carrying out studies aimed at. harmonizing energy policy in the Great
Lakes area. The general assembly will have to assess the activities
entrusted to the EGL so as to determine what has been done and what remains
to be done in 1985, and will examine the budget to be submitted for the
approval of the ministers of the CEPGL member countries whose .

“ responsibilities include energy. The Kinshasa meetings open, the way to
multiform cooperation among the CEPGL countries.

9824 '
CSO: 3419/266 1



' The 411 effects of such a situation can be more serious still. A private
enterprise which holds a monopoly can tum in on itself, default on its
obligations and become inefficient.

In short, monopolies do not promote a country’ s economy. On the contrary,
they can be a hindrance to its development.

Aware of these realities, in no way can the executive council undertake any
sort of return to monopolies. The Zairian population and the business
community have therefore nothing to fear from that direction. The protection
granted last Friday to some businesses corresponds only to a uecessity under
economic circumstances which can in no way subvert the liberal direction of _
our economy. . . - :

9824 -
CSO: 3419/266

90


JPRS#SSA%85=027
4 april 1985

Lo

MOZAMBIQUE

* AIR DEFENSE POLITICAL COMMISSARS EXCHANGE VIEWS -
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Jan 85 p t

[Text] The political commissars of the Antiaircraft Defense Forces have been
meeting since yesterday in the capital, in a national seminar to debate
many issues associated with their activity and to exchange views.

Participating in the meeting are representatives from all the units and sub-
units of this branch of defense in the southern, central and northern zones
of the country.

The opening session was headed by Maj Mauricio Madebe, chief of staff of

the Antiaircraft Defense Forces, who cited the need’ for fulfilling the tasks
previously established for the political commissars in particular, as a means
of achieving. better results this year than in previous years.

Included among those tasks are the organization of work and the execution and
control of political educational activities, so as to endow the military with
the information necessary for the satisfactory performance of their missions.

The political work with the population, in particular that to create among the
youth a love for the fatherland, was another topic discussed by that officer,
who: commented on the need for mobilizing the youth for its inclusion in
Compulsory Military Service.

Major Madeba commented: "Our soldiers must’ be trained morally so that the enemy
may be eradicated from our midst and so that the peasants may pick up their
hoes and produce food.”

The wholesome, deepseated relations that should exist between the Armed
Forces and thé population were also cited by that officer as a key factor
for attaining success on the battlefield. He declared: "For example, we must
explain why the armed bandits, without any treason, are attacking collective
farms and. killing civilian populations; those very Populations that are
producing food and consumer goods."

The meeting ,which will last for 3 more days, will have as the basis for its
discussions the National Meeting of Political Commissars held last year in
Nampula.

2909

€Ss0: 3442/175

35



SWAZILAND MUST BEWARE TRADE AGREEMENT WITH SOUTH AFRICA

Lusaka. TIMES OF ZAMBIA “in English 28 Feb 85 p. 1

[Editorial]

{Text ]
SWAZILAND has be-

*.come thé second coun-

try after Malawi to

“establish formal trade”

links with racist South
Africa. Whether she

stands to benéfit from:
' the new deal only time

will tell.

But Swaziland is an
independent ~- sove-
reign state and her
decisions must be res-
pected by her friends

- and foes alike. It must

be appreciated that
the tiny kingdom is
almost completely sur-
rounded by South
Africa.

Given Swaziland’s
geographical: position,
Mbabane has proba-
bly been forced by
“circumstances _be-
yond her control’ to
sign the accord with
Pretoria. Unlike the

_Non-aggression treaty

signed secretly bet-

cso: 3400/754

ween the two count-

ries in 1982, the trade ~

pact which South Afri-
can Foreign Minister
Pik Botha first talked
about last December,
has been done public-
iy.
The disclosure yes-
terday by the South
African foreign mini-
ster and his Swazi
counterpart Mhambi
Mnisi that ‘the two

countries had decided .

to go ahead with the
deal must have cheer-
ed many people.
What was perhaps
most interesting was
the admission by Mr
Botha that South Afri-
cans, both ‘‘white and
black must change.’
‘Peoples of the world
have ‘always ‘wanted
the hardcore white

- South African to come

out of his shell and.see
the writing on. the

97

wall. Change is inevit-
able.

We hope Mr

Botha’s statement is
representative of the
mood of all-white
South Africans who
are essentially the
stumbling block to
peaceful change in the
sub-continent.

It will therefore be a
sad day if Swaziland
will one day wake up
only to discover that
February 27 Accord
(or is it the Mbabane
Accord?) was clinched
only as way of ensur-
ing that the African

. National Congress

cadres who were:
thrown out last year
are not allowed
sanctuary to launch
sorties into South
Africa from’ Swazi
territory.

The. world has not
yet recovered from the
shocks of the Nkomati

UPRS#SSA#852027

| 4 April 1985

ZAMBIA

Accord signed bet-
ween South Africa and
Mozambique last
March. The agree-

ment was to put an _

end eftectively to the
activities of the Mo-
zambican National
Resistance (MNR)
rebels who have been
battling the govern-
ment in Maputo.

But despite the
signing of the accord,
rebel incursions into

sMozambique by the
South African-backed
tebels have continued
unabated.

If the . Swaziland
accord has been sign-
ed as another way of
effectively keeping
ANC nationalists at
bay then the Mbabane
Accord must be dis-
missed as the big farce
that it really is; and
Swazis must be ready
to write the epitaph.


That official observed: “Most of the ducks that we Have available are of the
so-called teal variety, which usually do not hatch their: eggs. For. this
reason, and because we do not have an incubator yet, though there are plans
for it, we have arranged three ducks for that purpose." She added:

"But the experiment has not been showing great success, and it is for this
reason that the eggs are being sent to the dining hall. However, contacts
have already been made for us to.acquire an incubator, and we think that we
shall- have it within afew months. "

To reinforce its self-sufficiency in food, the. center has the support of

“ international agenctes, particularly the UN Development Program (UNDP),

” <through the World Food Program (WFP) and also from certain foreign countries,
with particular emphasis on the German Democratic Republic.

What Is'the Center? .

The Fisheries Training Center operates on the basis of a boarding system and,
because of its location, it is very little known in the capital and, of course,
throughout the country.° But anyone who visits it will not fail to be impressed
by the activities that are carried out at it, because serious work-is being
done there.

Created in 1978, its original main goals were the training of boatswains and
pilots for the national fishing boats going to the sector's enterprises with
fishing fleets. To date, the school has graduated 265 cadres on the basic
level, 109 of whom are in the "deck". area (boatswains-pilots of boats), 115
in the "machine" branch (the mechanical part of the boats), 34 are boatswains
and engineers for small-sized boats and seven are for construction and repair
of fishing equipment. . .

In addition to the occupational training of cadres, the school is engaged in
retraining the fishing workers, and since 1981 over 70 technicians from various
fishing production centers who received training courses for several months
have attended it.

Prominent among the international organizations which are financing the center's
activity through donations is the UN Development Program (UNDP). As we

learned on the site, this agency is making major monetary investments, which
allow it to purchase modern, sophisticated equipment that the establishment
needs for the building of special classrooms and laboratories.

At the present time, the CPF has 10 foreign instructors contracted by the UNDP,
through the United Nations Fund for Food (FAO), as well as 14. advisers and an
equal number of native instructors, most of whom were also trained at the very
center that we are discussing, as was remarked by Eusebio Siquela, director

of human resources for the State Secretariat of Fisheries.

Director Siquela commented: "At first, the school was. operating with only
foreign teachers, and during the past few years we have also received native

38