ANGOLA

BRIEFS

GDR AID TO ANGOLA--The People's Republic of Angola has received a donation
from the GDR of goods destined for the victims of South African aggression to
our country. Johannes Schulz, GDR ambassador to Angola, made the symbolic
donation of that consignment of materials to (Manuel Quarta~Punza), secretary
of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party for administration and finance,
during a ceremony which took place at the commercial port of Luanda yesterday.
Schulz said on this occasion that the gift showed the solidarity of the party,
government, and people of the GDR with the Angolan people in their struggle
to defend their already achieved gains against a South African invasion. He
also stated that the Angolan people may always count on the solidarity and
support of the GDR in their struggle against imperialism. [Text] [MB271521
Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 26 Jan 84]

LABOR MINISTRY OFFICIALS RESHUFFLED--Minister of Labor and Social Security
Horacio Braz da Silva has issued two dispatches in Luanda announcing some
reshuffles with a view to improving the structure of his ministry and bringing
greater efficiency in meeting national needs and making more rational use of
the present cadres. In this context, the minister of labor has relieved

(Jose Alvaro Tangue), national manpower director, and (Manuel da Costa), the
provincial delegate of the Ministry of Labor in Huambo, of their posts and
appointed (Joaquim Pedro Kuyanga) to fill the post of provincial delegate until
further notice. In the second dispatch, Braz da Silva appointed (Rudolfo
Lourenco Cardoso e Silva) as the acting national manpower director.

(Manuel da Costa) was appointed as the head of the Manpower Directorate and
(Jose Maria Yapinga) was appointed to the post of provincial delegate of the
Ministry of Labor and Social Security in Cunene Province. [Text] [MB201848
Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 20 Jan 84]

ANTI-APARTHEID DELEGATION VISITS--Luanda, 27 Jan (ANGOP)--A delegation of the
International Commission Against Apartheid (ICSA) led by its secretary general
Vassos Lassarides paid an official visit to the People's Republic of Angola
from 23 to 25 January. During its stay in Angola, the delegation held discus-
sions with Lucio Lara, member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee
of the MPLA-Labor Party and secretary of the Central Committee in charge of
organization and with Afonso van Dunem Mbinda, secretary of the Central
Committee in charge of external relations, in order to analyze the international
situation and particularly the situation prevailing in southern Africa. The
Angolan side informed the ICSA delegation about the present escalation of

14



MOZAMBIQUE

FIRST ZIMBABWE CARGO TRAIN UNLOADS IN BEIRA
MB260846 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMI 25 Jan 84

[Text] Representatives from the Zimbabwe national railways and a shipping and
clearing firm this week visited the central Mozambique port of Beira to monitor
the loading of cargo from the first container from Harare. The train, which

is the first to carry cargo in containers from Zimbabwe to the harbor, was
loaded with tobacco when it arrived in Beira in a record time of 2.1/2 days with
no hitches en route. The train's cargo was loaded onto the Lonrho vessel which
is to carry it to Europe.

The assistant general manager of Zimbabwe railways, Mr (Rex Chiware), said
everything had been cleared with the minimum delay, and they are satisfied with
the efficiency of Beira in handling containers. He called on more Zimbabwean
businessmen to make use of the port of Beira, which he said is cheaper and
quicker than other export routes.

The managing director of Rennies shipping and air freight, Mr (Brian Alan),
announced that a second container train has already arrived in Beira and the
third is expected to leave Harare before the end of this month.

Late last year the South African transport and communications commission held a
meeting in Maputo at which the railway lines linking the port of Beira and

Nacala with other Southern African Development Coordination Conference [SADCC]
members were discussed. Both Mozambique and Zimbabwe are members of the SADCC.

cso: 3400/588

35



Hope Renewed

The effect of the difficult period experienced by the population in the forest
is still visible. War leaves its marks. The uncertain future in the forest
under the control of armed bandits who beat, tortured, and killed has left its
mark on many people. They are "psychologically wounded," and it will take time
for them to heal. But among the inhabitants who have returned, we did not see
any sign of discouragement. On the contrary, they are talking about building
permanent huts because the present ones are temporary and about working their
farms, where the rain will cause the corn, mapira, sweet potatoes, and
machueira to germinate.

Avelino Candeeiro, a merchant whose stores in Subue and Maringue were destroyed
by the armed bandits, told us he already had another store where he would con-
tinue to sell loincloth, beer, shirts, blouses, and other essential items.

With a touch of sadness, he told the reporter about his goods that had been
stolen by the armed bandits: "In Subue, the bandits destroyed my store and
stole all the merchandise. In Maringue, they not only destroyed my store com-
pletely, but also burned my tractor and my flourmill."

He said: "How much did I lose? Well, in Subue I lost 60 contos worth of mer-
chandise, and in Maringue the bandits stole 40,000 meticals in currency."

He is not thinking of giving up: "When they burned my store in Subue, the admin-
istrator told me that I had two hands and could start over. And that is what

I am doing. In my present store, although it is small in comparison with the
old one, I already have cloth to sell. And they told me I would be getting
more cloth and other merchandise. Why give up?"

Grudja Encampment Dismantled
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 30 Dec 83 p 16
[Article by Antonio Sefane]

[Text] The major military operations launched in Nhamatanda in Sofala Province
last April resulted in the destruction of innumerable encampments and the physi-
cal liquidation of dozens of armed bandits, as well as the liberation of hun-
dreds of Mozambican citizens who until then had been in the enemy's hands.
According to what the DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE was told by Lt Col Zacarias Tivane,
political commissioner of the Sofala Provincial Military Command, the bandits
are now dispersed and have been operating only in small groups since their de-
feat in Grudja, considered to be the bandits’ main encampment in that region.

He emphasized: "From the military standpoint, the situation is normal through-
out the Nhamatanda District as far as the Buzi River, and the Mozambique Armed
Forces are working side by side with local party and government structures to
organize the inhabitants along collective lines."

31



Cultural needs can also be an important element of democracy. In this con-
text is found the idea of integration starting from basic historical commu-
nities, which must not be ignored. I have developed this theme in "Le Zaire
de demain." Wherever disregard of basic communities has favored extremes of
jacobinism, there has been resounding failure. Mass support will be easier
to attain from the starting point of basic communities. National consensus,
today lacking in African states, will be regained thanks to that very comm-
nity spirit which makes for national identity.

Political changes in the world at large, and particularly in Africa, are
such that the debate which is the theme of this article is becoming urgent

and important.

Man in‘all epochs is born free, and he has fought and paid with his life for
his freedom. : Lo

CsO: 3419/256 . fe 4 waely

86



NAMIBIA

COMMENTARY ON MULTI-PARTY CONFERENCE

Proper Beginning
Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 18 Nov 83 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text] As was made abundantly clear by the declaration handed out by the
Multi-Party Conference's press liaison officer, Dr Lukas de Vries, the
conference started out its debate with the right point.

The Conference did not start talking about a group of mirages or dreams, nor
did they start with a number of conditions or preconceived notions.

The Conference started with the most vital problem of the moment, and that
is the instability of the present political system.

By the very nature of the system, there are, among others, two very impor-
tant elements.

One is the international initiatives/alternatives which are more or less
in vogue. The other is the internal political situation, which boils down
to the fact that Namibians have nothing to say about their own fate.

That Resolution 435 of the United Nations Security Council requires special
consideration is more than obvious. That this complex matter must be thor-
oughly discussed and studied is just as obvious. This cannot be done by
simply taking the matter up on the floor of the conference. The conference
wisely decided to appoint a committee to conduct an in-depth investigation
and to report to the conference on it,

From this point of departure, they can proceed with relevant matters without
getting bogged down in trivialities.

Resolution 435

[Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 22 Nov 83 p 4]

[Editorial]

{Text] It would be irresponsible for the Multi-Party Conference to sacrifice
its critical attitude for some kind of popularity or another.
40



[12 Jan 84 p 4]

[Text]

Unita leader Mr Jonas Sa-

~vimbi makes no secret of,

and offers no apology for, the
support he admits he re-
ceives from South Africa.

“We had no choice other than
to accept South African help.
Unless you consider accepting
domination by the Russians and
Cubans as a choice?

“We could either accept being
crushed or we could resist. To
resist we had to resist with the
help of somebody,” he said in an
interview at his base. in south-
east Angola. woot

Mr’Savimbi makes'the point
that Unita also reéeives help
from a number of Arab coun-
tries, including Morocco, Saudi
Arabia, Sudan and Egypt, where
a Unita pilot has recently been
trained. - boy

He declines to name black
‘African countries which give
Unita support, but they include
neighbouring Zaire and Zambia,
where the link man between
Unita’ and President Kenneth
Kaunda is former Foreign Min-
ister Rupiah Banda.

Unita currently controls’ the
entire 1100km Angolan border
with Zambia and also 320km of
border with Zaire ~

The. Angolan ‘Government
maintains that Unita is a puppet
group —.an arm of the South

“African Defence Force.

But, strongly though Unita de-
pends on South African supplies,
this is too simplistic an analysis.

Unita was founded almost 20
years ago to fight the Portu-
guese at a time when Lisbon
was in alliance with Pretoria
against all African liberation
movements. 5

Essentially, Unita is an Afri-
can nationalist, movement
whose leader counts Che. Gue-
vara and Mao Tse-tung among
his old friends and mentors.

Convenience.
Convenience

‘ But the movement ‘has en-
tered a marriage of convenience
with South Africa: based on a
coincidence of geo-political in-
terest, =, 2.

‘@Luanda cacoto

ALTO CHICAPA
LOBITO OanpuLo ©

SAVIMBI'S
HQ...

SWA

‘inking in terms of a strategy

jgainst the’Russian, Cubans,
and Swapo,” said Mr Savimbi.
“They found that. by supporting
Unita they could stop these peo-
ple from influencing things in
Namibia.” To:

! The Unita leader believes that
if.the Cubans withdrew from
Angola the South Africans
would have no choice other than
to withdraw from Namibia.

“Sooner or later the interna-
tional community will have’ to
come to terms with the fact
that, while the Cubans remain in
Angola, the South Africans will
use it as an excuse for not leav-
ing Namibia. ~

“If the Cubans leave Angola,
the South Africans will have to
relinquish Namibia. They will
no longer have any excuse. So
the Cubans can win freedom for
Namibia tomorrow by going
home to Havana.” \

I saw no evidence in central
Angola that Unita and South
African forces are fighting to-
gether. But South African opera-
tions‘in Cunene Province un-
doubtedly help Unita by pinning
down government troops which
might otherwise be directed
against the rebels. = ~

And, although both Unita and
the SADF deny it, it-is hard to

shakin South Africans are



VAST SATS UPDATING PROGRAM REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jan 84 p 8

[Text]

cso:

3400/570

SOUTH African Rail-
ways yesterday embarked
on a R46-million modern-
isation programme when
the Minister of Transport,
Mr Hendrik Schoeman,
inaugurated the first of
two prototype new gener-
ation stainless steel train-
sets, despite losses of
about R750-million on
passenger services.

At the ceremony at
which Mr Schoeman took
delivery of the Japanese
prototype train, he said:
“Unfortunately huge
losses to the extent of
some R750-million a year
are suffered on our pass-
enger services. We are
only partly compensated
in this regard by the Gov-
ernment. The remainder
we have to find ourselves
in order to balance the
books.”

During the early 1970's
the South African Trans-
port Services started with
investigations to modern-
ise its suburban commut-
er trainsets in order to
cater for the growing
passenger demand. Plans
and specifications were
drawn up for two proto-
types of new generation
trainsets that would bet-
ter meet modern require-

68

ments on the densely op-
erated suburban passeng-
ertrain services.

On the new train. pass-
enger capacity will be in-
creased by 15 percent per
trainset of 12 coaches.

Energy-saving of up to
27 percent is to be ob-
tained due to chopper
contro) and regenerative
braking. A feature of the
train was its acceleration
and its capacity to stop
faster than other trains.

The stainless steel bod-
ies of the new coaches will
mean lower maintenance
costs for painting, body
repairs and cleaning.

Reduced entraining/de-
training times are to be
obtained on account of
eight doors fitted instead
of four per coach. 7

The trainset is also
equipped with a public
address system enabling
the driver to communi-
cate with the passengers.

The prototype trainset
will be tested and evalu-
ated by the South African
Transport Services for a
period of at least six
months and, if proven
successful, eight addit-
ional trainsets will be or-
dered at a cost of about
R46-million.

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

3400/573

in the senior ranks of our commercial undertaking where sup-
port for a venture may unwittingly be support for the ANC.

It is not a better understanding that is needed, but rather,
Just some understanding of the application of the actions are
being Implemented by the KGB and that this campaign has no
known parameters.

*During the period of this trial Swapo bayonetted a civilian
to death in the Operational Area an event that was ignored by
the press.

50



Generally it is the least innocuous of these campaigns that
receives attention, the so-called Sports Boycott, and this is due
to the extensive media coverage that Is accorded to any real or
Imagined davelopment that takes place in this field. This area
of'action has no chance of doing damage to the State in the
Military, Economic, Political or Spiritual spheres and If
countered in an adult manner can do little damage in the
Psychological sphere. However, at this stage it is the only
Soviet action based on their programme of dis-information that
Is exposed and in part understood and while In practical terms
It Is of no value it does reveal the Machievellian machinations
of a.KGB orchestrated operation. The multitude of ‘paper’
organisations with limited membership drawn from a small
group of communists or fellow travellers that form the basis
for thelr protests is very well illustrated by organisations con-
nected with the Sport Boycott movement. But this is one of the
overt methods used and although it thrives on Dis-information
it is accepted in many quarters and at governmental level as
the course to follow when dealing with South Africa. The fact
that the controllers ‘and orchestration come from the far left
does not appear to be taken into consideration. In this instance
the tactics developed by Paul Joseph Goebbels, those of
repetition seem to apply and the way is made easier by the fact
that the vested interests involved in this area are few.

Aclassic example of a Soviet Dis-information campaign was
reported in Armed Forces (July 83) when in an attempt to em-
barrass the United States Administration; the KGB circulated a
number of forged letters trying to indicate that Washington
was Involved In selling aircraft to the Republic and had a finger
in the Seychelles fiasco. In this Instance Lieutenant General
Mike Muller of the South African Air Force was chosen to be
the obvious victim, while tn actual fact the real target was the
United States Administration. Copies of the forged letters were
carefully fed into the international media net, at more than one
point, and then the KGB only had to wait for the roars of In-
dignation that did erupt from around the world. Sore weeks
ago, a few weeks before the news broke of the shipment via
South African ports of US computers to the Soviet Union by
way of Sweden, wire services carried a report that South Africa
was involved in the installation of Cruise Missiles. It Is con-
celvable that this was again a case of a ‘smokescreen’ bsing
laid In connection with the computer transaction!

The parameters of the Total Onslaught are so wide, that it is
easy for anyone attempting counter action to fall into the trap
of being accused of being party to the ‘Red under every bed’
syndrome. Take the case of someone who has some gray
areas in his past and now is In the position to be a ‘sanctions
buster’ and of great value to a government. If he is continually
subjected to a campaign of character assassination based on
what he Is, supposedly, reported to have done in the past. Can
he be a victim of an aspect of the Total Onslaught. It Is a ques-
tion of giving a dog a bad name for even if on closer investiga-
tion most of the allegations are elther found to be false or bas-
ed on a very flimsy foundation, the bad reputation stays, and
could well result in the termination of his present activities. He
becomes an incidental victim in another victory in the Total
Onslaught. While the dirt diggers carry on happy in the
‘knowledge of what could be called another successful ‘ex-
pose’, perhaps without the knowledge that they were simply a
sharp tool used in the hands of others. To a casual observer
the procedures employed by the International Section of KGB
are obscured with the real target being hidden behind the ob-

48



are not adversely affected by it and no decisions binding for minorities
are made, However, that is exactly where the conference is headed if it
reaches its goal. Otherwise it would have no reason for being. The only
function which the conference can fulfil is to serve as basis for a new
multi-racial order in Namibia.

Bearing these facts in mind as well as the NP's tactics of claiming to
be a "conservative" party, it is especially significant that the party is
participating in the discussions. Furthermore, a prominent member of the
NP's left wing was especially dispatched to the conference,

The reasons for this action is probably founded in the pragmatic policy :
which the party is following. Whenever it notices a conservative upswing
in Namibia or South Africa, it makes clear conservative noises and even
tries to create the impression that there is tension between the party and
the government. Nevertheless, when in the NP's judgment the conservative
danger diminishes, such as now, following the referendum results, it sets_
its sails to the liberal breeze. No other explanation for the present —
actions of the NP would be credible.

Weathervane politics of this kind are especially dangerous, because it can
only mean swimming with the current of Namibian politics. ‘And this current
leads inevitably to a one-man, one-vote election under UN supervision and
then the abyss of a Swapo regime. 2

Mr Kosie Pretorius and his party's recent action prove once again that the
Reconstituted National Party [RNP] is the only true representative of the
interests of Namibia's whites. The RNP declared from the very beginning
that it wanted no part of this exercise in multiraciality and thus provided
a laudable example to.all other white parties.

12571
cso: 3401/35

54



SOUTH AFRICA

NEL DISCUSSES UPCOMING NDEBELE INDEPENDENCE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jan 84 p 14

[Text] South Africa’s interests in

Southern Africa were so
interwoven that it could
not afford to let any of the
peoples it was leading on
the road to independence
fail, the Deputy Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Mr
Louis Nel. said yesterday.

Should that happen, it
would, like a “rotten
fruit”, adversely affect all
other independent states
in the region, the Deputy
Minister said.

“Of course, the con-
trary is also true. Brilliant
achievements in the pro-
cess of attaining indepen-
dence, especially in its
practical consequences,
are the best advertise-
ment and will convince
others of our earnestness,
including sceptic foreign
countries.” he added

Mr Nel was speaking at
the opening of a special
session of the Kwande-
bele Legislative Assembly
at Siyabuswa, near Pre-

toria. -

Referring to the im-
pending independence of
the Ndebele Homeland,
the Deputy Minister ‘war-
ned that independence
should not be allowed to
become a term devoid of
meaning, but should de-
note vigorous growth and
development.

Independence also did
not only imply that a
country was not subordi-
nate to any other country,
he said. :

“There is much more in
it than that — the essence
of which is that you must
be able to act indepen-
dently.

“Naturally, this is only
possible if, among other
things, you have a good
and competent adminis-
tration, which is the basis
of any sound governmen-
tal dispensation,” Mr Nel
concluded.

cso: 3400/570

58



The outcome has been constructive engagement, a policy that, Professor
(Gerrit Olivier) has pointed out, has made it much easier for Mr P.W. Botha
to carry out his reform policies in a generally hostile world. The most
dramatic results have been in the effect on regional security. On South-
West Africa, the linkage of a settlement with the withdrawal of Cuban troops
was both a concession to South Africa's national security needs and an
acknowledgment by the United States that its own wider interests required
the removal of a Soviet-directed military force from the region.

Rejection of cross-border terrorism has been even more emphatic. In inter-
national diplomacy, the United States has firmly opposed radical isolationist
moves; and in trade, there has been some relaxation of restraints on exports.

South Africa must resolve its own complex problems in a manner acceptable
to its own people. Indeed, it insists on its right to do so. In that

endeavor, the sympathetic support of the leading power in the West is a
substantial plus factor which it would be foolish to discount.

CSO: 3400/589

46



Shipyard Project Cost 2.8 Million Contos

In his speech’ at the official ceremony opening the shipyard, Osvaldo Lopes da
Silva, Cape Verde's minister of economy and finance, said that negotiations with
the banks for financing the shipyard project did not begin to go well until the
Dutch Government assumed responsibility for financing the cold storage facili-
ties belonging to INTERBASE [Cape Verdian Fishing Infrastructures Company] and
the desalinization plant.

The total cost of the project is estimated at 2.8 million contos, to which must
be added the fixed assets, working capital, and inventories that are the respon-
sibility of the enterprise with the concession to operate the shipyard.

The African Development Bank [ADB], a financing organization on our continent,
is the largest financer of the project, having provided $13 million.

Discussing the ADB's participation in the project, Osvaldo Lopes da Silva said:
"There is no better way for us to respond to the specific demonstrations of
African solidarity that have been so generously lavished on us through the ADB
group in the form of financing on special terms."

The General Deposit Bank of Portugal contributed $12 million, while the Euro-
pean Investment Bank granted the Treasury a loan of 3.5 million European units
of account to round out the Bank of Cape Verde's loan for establishing CABMAR's

capital.

The Bank of Cape Verde also contributed another $3 million to the project in
addition to the above-mentioned loan. On several occasions, it provided other
short-term bridging loans to meet urgent needs for supplies.

The bank has closely followed all stages in the execution of the project--from
evaluation of the technical and financial feasibility studies to the talks con-
cerned with the financial and institutional arrangements for the project.

CABNAVE Training Center

Since July 1983, when it began duly operating, the CABNAVE Training Center in
Ribeira Juliao has trained 139 trainee-students.

The center, which is regarded as a firm support for ensuring the technical effi-
ciency of the shipyard, has trained 26 fitters, 10 welders, 16 scraper-painters,
12 pipefitters, 29 machinists, 25 ship handlers, 7 maintenance men, 5 industrial
cleanup men, and 9 electricians, and the results have been quite favorable.

The training center in Ribeira Juliao can handle an average of 40 students per
day and a maximum of 60. Number of classes per year: 50; and number of students
per year: 400. Basic trade courses, specialized courses, courses for foremen,
administrators, technicians, and managers, and language courses are taught at
the center.

18



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SOFALA DISTRICT OFFICIALS REMOVED--(Francisco Sumaili), the first district
party secretary and district commissioner of Marromeu, and (Shufa Musa), the
military commander of the same district, have been relieved of their posi-
tions, according to a communique from the office of the leader of Sofala
Province. According to the communique, the political and moral behavior

of the two individuals is incompatible with our socialist society. The
communique points out that the secretariat of the Frelimo Party provincial
committee and the provincial government of Sofala met recently in extra-
ordinary sessions to examine and discuss in depth the political, social and
economic situation of Marroweu District following the receipt of a document
with information on the district. Previously, a party and state commission
had been sent to the district to conduct an on-the-spot examination of the
issues referred to in the document. According to the communique, the
district's situation was characterized by a lack of discipline and the
violation of the party and state guiding principles by those district officials.
[Text] [MB281150 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMI 28 Jan 84]

TETE OFFICIAL ADDRESSES ARMY--Francisco Joao Pateguana, deputy minister of
agriculture and acting government of Tete Province, today emphasized the

need for the Mozambique armed forces to ensure tranquillity and peace among
the people. At a meeting with officers of the Mozambique armed forces
stationed in Tete, the deputy minister stressed the need for the armed forces
to be involved in the efforts to combat famine, as was decided on at the
Fourth Frelimo Party Congress. He also stressed the need to strengthen the
link between the armed forces and the people. [Text] [MB201856 Maputo Domestic
Service in Portuguese 1700 GM? 20 Jan 84]

ZAIRIAN AMBASSADOR VISITS GAZA--Colonel Aurelio Manave, the governor of Gaza,
received in Xai-Xai yesterday the Zairian ambassador to our country. The
Zairian diplomat said his visit to Gaza Province is aimed at familiarizing
him with the drought situation and studying the assistance to be rendered

to our country by the Republic of Zaire to ease the effects of this natural
disaster. At the meeting, Governor Manave briefed the Zairian ambassador

on the drought situation, particularly in the districts of Massingir,
Chicualacuala, Guija, Manjacaze, and Chibuto. [Text] [MB251337 Maputo
Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMI 25 Jan 84]

CSO: 3442/266 36



SOUTH AFRICA

LIVING STANDARDS SHOW THREE YEAR DECLINE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Jan 84 p 2

[ Text ]

cso:

Volkskas
The past two have been the
worst for Africa since the
World War. Under the influence

its have either dropped
or risen ai Panch slower rate.

Job opportunities have became
scarcer. Total emy in the

Agricultural sectors bas declined, with

unemployment rising sharply.

In Personal finance, the manner in
which people buy goods on credit bor-
ders on recklessness.

Bhatia x development, not
; isan ment
only because the inaviual is pawning ‘a

pay off current debt, but also because it sound

contribution

personal eavings can make to the avail
ability of investment capital. :

The spotlight says the outstanding

. feature of Government spending in the,

few years had been the extent to
Wich actal expentare has excoded
The 196175 Budget will largely deter-
mine the course of economic events
over the next few years.

BR eiltty incresting intereat burden

3400/570

arising from the larger amounts bor-
by the at high interest
rates to finance the deficit;

@ The demands of

@ Higher public service salaries and

:
[
|

ht ot ,
continue financing the larger deficit by
way of loans, but to
funds to current
which is not consistent with either

— to use bank credit



Paper Urges Political Solution to Namibia Issue
(Dawie; BEELD, 18 Jan 84)..... ge ececccececes ee erry .

Comment on Namibian Multiparty Conference
(Editorial; DIE AFRIKANER, 23 Nov 83)..... bee e cece ec eeenee

Laudable Example
HNP Serves White Interests

NP Confident of Winning Soutpansberg Elections
(Jaap Theron; THE CITLZEN, 20 Jan 84)....ccececesseeseceess

Early Release of Wright, Marais Anticipated
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84) .....eccececceceececeeccececeececs

Nel Discusses Upcoming Ndebele Independence
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jan 84)........ oer ween sees sec cecees

Fourth Sowetan Councillor Firebombed
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84).......eceeeeeeee dec e cee eee eee eee

Prospects for Increased Gold, Commodities Exports Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jan 84)........00e0ee erry

Increased Labor Productivity Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Jan 84)..........- eee e cece cere rece e scene

More Than Eleven Thousand Black- Workers on Strike
(SOWETAN, 18 Jan 84) .....cceeeseeeeeeeees bee e cence cease

Impala Platinum Refineries Struck, Black Workforce
Dismissed
(SOWETAN, 13 Jan 84; THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84)....... seeeees

NUM Snubbed, by Joshua Raboroko
Migrant Workers Ousted

Shortage of Professional Engineers ‘Critical’
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84)...... eee eee eee eee eee es

Living Standards Show Three Year Decline
(RAND DAILY MAIL BUSINESS DAY, 12 Jan 84)........eeseeeees

Vast SATS Updating Program Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Jan 84) .....ccceeeeec cece een ceeeeeeceees

Education Minister on Efforts To Improve Black Education
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 14 Jan 84)..........eeeeee

51

53

55

57

58

59

60

62

63

64

66

67

68

69



BUTHELEZI TELLS ZULU STUDENTS TO WATCH OUT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jan 84 p 5

[Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text]

cso:

DURBAN. — Chief
Gatsha Buthelezi has
warmed KwaZulu bur-
sary holders through-
out the country that he
will not allow criticism
of himself, Inkatha or
KwaZulu.

He made this. plain,
according to the students
of Zululand, at a meeting
at Ulundi, Zululand, last
week. :

Chief Buthelezi,
according to the students.
warned them that if they
did criticise him, Inkatha
or KwaZulu, their funds
from the KwaZulu Gov-
emment for. _ bursaries
would be cut off immedi-
ately.

Pledge

The strong .action by
the KwaZulu government
has infuriated students
and is seen as a move to
prevent further trouble at
the University of Zulu-
land campus where five
students were killed and
numerous others injured
in clashes with Inkatha
last October.

Another group of stu-
dents was called to Ulun-
di yesterday where they

3400/570

were asked to sign a
pledge not to criticise the
KwaZulu Government or
Inkatha.

The first group of about
200 students, all KwaZulu
bursary holders, was
called to Ulundi last
week. The students were
addressed by Chief Bu-
thelezi and other mem-
bers of the ‘KwaZulu
Legislative Assembly on
Wednesday.

Previously they had all
been notified by telegram
toattend the meeting.

The students said the

meeting started about 11
am on January 4, lasted
through the night and fin-
ished at 5 pm the next
day.
- In his address, Chief
Buthelezi dealt at length
with the unrest at the
University of Zululand
last year, and said he
would not tolerate it.

Afterwards _ students
were asked individually to
state their view, and were
also questioned by the
members of the Legis-
lative Assembly.

Chief Buthelezi said re-
peatedly he did not ex-
pect students to regard
him, members of his Gov-

70

SOUTH AFRICA

ernment and Inkatha as
being open to . attack
while the students accept-
ed money for their educa-
tion from the KwaZulu
Government.

Toe the line

According to one of the
students, they were vir-
tually told that if they did
not toe the line, their bur-
saries would be cut off im-
mediately.

The pledge they were
asked to sign sid they
should not speak in con-
tempt of the KwaZulu
Government, Chief Bu-
thelezi, the members of
his Cabinet, and all per-
sons in authority of the
KwaZulu Government.

The pledge also stated
that the students were not
to criticize Inkatha and
his leadership in public or
in private, and that stu-
dents should defend the
integrity of the KwaZulu
Government and his lead-
ership whenever this was
brought into disrepute.

Chief Buthelezi could
not be contacted for com-
ment yesterday.

The University of Zulu-
land is due to reopen next
month after the holiday
recess.



EDUCATION MINISTER ON EFFORTS TO IMPROVE BLACK EDUCATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jan 84 p 9

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

CSo:

3400/570

THE Minister of Edi
cation and Training,
Mr B J-du Plessis, last
night told ‘young
Whites at a youth sym-
posium massive steps
were being taken’ to
eradicate the backlog
in Black education —
and South Africa's
welfare depended on
the youth of all races.
Opening the symposi-
um, held by the Afri-
kaanse Sakekamer of Pre-
toria, Mr Du Plessis said
South Africa's greatest

wealth — of many re-
sources — lay in her
people.

“And our greatest
wealth, then, lies in our
youth — of all race
groups.

“Our land belongs to
them.”

He said South Africa
was leading the field in
development and
achievement ‘in Africa
and could even now boast
a per capita income of
R1770 a year — five
times higher than the rest
of Africa.

He urged young people
of all races to strive for
education and training
and to apply themselves
to their careers in the in-
terests of all the peoples
of the Republic.

“Personal success finds
echoes in sound govern-

69

ment for the whole South
Africa,” Mr Du Plessis
said.

“We desperately need
the contribution of our
children.”

But South African
youth would have to face
many challenges and
problems — ranging from
environmental conserva-
tion to facing a hostile
world; from developing
all natural resources to
the best ability to striving
for peaceful co-existence.

The State was giving
top priority to eliminating
a massive backlog which
had arisen in Black edu-
cation because of the
Black population explos-
ion.

He listed many projects
under way, including up-
grading programmes for
teachers which would en-
able them to seek salary
parity with the Whites.

For the future, he said,
estimates were that the
White share of the popu-
lation would decrease by
the turn of the century to
11.1 percent from 16.5
percent, while that of
Blacks would increase to
77.8 from 71.3 percent.

Meanwhile, he said,
the number of fulltime
Black matriculants had
increased sevenfold from
11 000 in 1977 to 76 500 in
1981 — a period of six
years.

SOUTH AFRICA



DAIRY BOARD EXPORTS MILK TO REDUCE MASSIVE SURPLUS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 5

[Text]

cso:

PRETORIA. — The
Dairy Board is export-
ing thousands of tons
of skimmed milk pow-
der — at a loss of as
much as R28 million —
to reduce a massive
us.

The Board has so far
shipped about 7 000 tons
of milk powder to Japan
and Taiwan at very low
prices and, it is under-
stood, has taken out a
R28-million Joan from the
Land Bank to cover these
losses.

And, while the country
still has a massive stock-
pile —enough for 12
months — a leading
skimmed milk powder
manufacturer shas  in-
creased its price by 11
percent.

Consumer _organisa-
tions today condemned
the practice of "dump-
ing” milk powder on
Overseas markets at a loss
while the local market

3400/570

had to pay more.

‘Making mistake’

The Assistant Director
of the South African Con-
sumer Council, Mr Der-
nard Hellberg. said: “It
does not make sense.
Manufacturers who think
they can win the public’s
goodwill like this are
making a mistake.”

The Manager of the
Dairy Board, Mr Edu
Roux, confirmed in Pre-
toria that about 9 500 tons
of skimmed milk powder
was being exported to Ja-
pan and Taiwan, where it
would mostly be used in
stock feeds.

He said the powder was
being exported at a big
loss as a result of low
world prices.

The loss would be com-
pensated for solely out of
the Dairy Board’s stabili-
sation fund, which was fi-
nanced by means of pro-

72

SOUTH AFRICA

ducers’ levies.

A Dairy Board spokes-
man said the Board ac-
quired a Land Bank loan
of R32 million. The larg-
est part of this amount —
R28 million — was
peeded because the
Board’s stabilisation fund
did not have sufficient
cash in June last year to
cover the envisaged ex-
port losses.

repay loan

As from July 1 last
year, producers’ contribu-
tions to the stabilisation
fund were increased by 2c
a litre for fresh milk pro-
ducers, and R1,51 per
100kg for industrial milk
producers. This was to
enable the Dairy Board to
repay the Land Bank loan
with interest.

The Board estimated it
would repay the loan in
18 months to two years.



The officer said: "Our objective was Maringue, whose administrative center--
according to information we had received--had been occupied by the enemy. We
therefore advanced from Nhangalele to Maringue in a pincer movement so as not
to let the enemy escape."

Maringue Destroyed ;

Statements gathered by the DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE from political-military author-
ities in Maringue indicate that the district administrative center had been
occupied on 5 September 1983, when our forces decided, because of insufficient
manpower, to withdraw to Sena with the inhabitants.

During the few days that the armed bandits remained, they destroyed Maringue.
When the team of reporters from the DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE reached the locality,
it was greeted by a Dantesque scene: schools, stores, the health center, the
party headquarters, and the residence of the district administrator had been
completely destroyed and plundered. In their destructive fury, the armed ban-
dits did not spare the communal village, where all the houses were burned and
the power poles were knocked over and chopped up.

In the walls of the buildings, we saw holes caused by the bandits' bullets,
and the front tires of a tractor had been cut off. Presumably, the rubber was
used to make shoes for the bandits.

"The village was completely destroyed and plundered, and the bandits carried
off all the property belonging to the inhabitants," emphasized Tiago Lambique,
political commissioner for the local forces in Maringue. And with a broad
gesture, he pointed to what had been the villagers’ homes. He told us:
"Maringue was destroyed with dynamite. I don't know how many kilograms they
used in this murderous work."

Pressed by reporters to reveal details of the military operations carried out
by the Mozambican Army to expel the enemy from Maringue, Tiago Lambique men-
tioned the battles in Nhawando, Chicuma, Gumbalacai, Nhangalele, and Nhavato.
In all those instances, the outcome was favorable to the FAM-FPLM and made pos-
sible the capture of miscellaneous military equipment and the physical liquida-
tion of dozens of bandits.

Rebuilding in Maringue
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 29 Dec 83 p 16
[Article by Antonio Sefane]

[Text] Now that the enemy has been driven out of the district
administrative center, life is gradually improving for the

inhabitants of Maringue. A vast program is currently underway
to reorganize the villagers along collective lines and restore
the health, educational, and commercial networks. Machetes

in hand, the peasants are putting up their huts in the former
communal village. It is confidence in the future that will be

29



South Africa's attacks against Angola with the aim of hindering its irreversible
march toward the building of socialism in Angola. For its part, the ICSA
delegation strongly condemned the escalation of the attacks of the apartheid
regime and the South African Army's illegal occupation of part of the Angolan
-territory as well as the linkage of Namibia's independence to the withdrawal

of Cuban troops from Angola, The two parties condemed the illegal occupation
of Namibia by racist South Africa and demanded the immediate application of
resolution 435/78 of the UN Security Council. [Text] [AB271327 Luanda ANGOP

in French 1135 GMI 27 Jan 84]

CSO: 3419/373

15



Leonildo Monteira:; We can diyide the project into two parts, The first in-
volves the fixed assets for which CABMAR is fully responsible. They are esti-
mated at $37.5 million, or approximately 2.8 million contos. We provided part
of that capital ourselves and obtained the rest of it through financing. The
Bank of Cape Verde provided $3 million, the ADB $13 million, and the General
Deposit Bank $12 million. Our own share--that is, the part for which the state
is responsible--was obtained through a loan obtained partly from the European
Investment Bank and partly from the Bank of Cape Verde.

The European Investment Bank granted the government a loan of 3.5 million Euro-
pean units of account, while the Bank of Cape Verde granted the Treasury a loan
of $5 million. Fixed assets, working capital, and inventories that are the
responsibility of the enterprise licensed to operate the shipyard--and that is
CABNAVE--must be up to around $2 million now. So overall, the project must be
costing about $40 million.

voZ DI POVO: The international market is often a tough one. Are ships cur-
rently showing an inclination to use the shipyard?

Leonildo Monteiro: The shipyard started off in quite precarious conditions,
but even so, we have had some success in this preoperational phase. So far--
since 21 August, when the shipyard began operating-~about 10 vessels have been
repaired. We now have more orders, the outlook is good, and it is guaranteed
that the shipyard will be busy through the end of 1983.

voz DI POVO: What can you tell us about the equipment?

{
Leonildo Monteiro: As you know, the shipyard is located on 10 hectares of flat
land. A very important part of the shipyard is the sideslip with lateral trans-
fer. That slip is equipped with a platform that moves’ under the slip itself to
the seabed 8 meters below the surface.

The platform has a lifting capacity of 2,800 tons and measures 95 x 18 meters.
It can lift vessels with a maximum length of 110 meters and a weight of 6,500
deadweight tons.

Also part of the hauling system are six lateral repair docks--three on each
side--where the vessels are placed for repair. There is a 140-meter-long berth
where the depth is 6 meters and where ships can tie up. There is also a com-
plete system of infrastructure consisting of shops for boilerwork, mechanical
repair, electricity, and so on. All of that makes up the shipyard.

About $4.2 million were spent on equipment.

vOZ DI POVO: The existence of the shipyard obviously requires the establish-
ment of many facilities, specifically hotels, transportation, and communica—
tions. We would like to know if there are any plans in that area.

Leonildo Monteiro: Sao Vicente did not have the necessary infrastructures for

handling an undertaking of this kind. So the launching of a project of this
type involves the construction of other facilities that are indispensable to

21


The town of Mindelo awakened early. Time off had been granted
so that everyone, employees arid students, could attend the
ceremony. Marginal Avenue was crowded with people from every
corner of the island. They had smiles on their faces and were
clearly satisfied with the facility that was going to be offi-
cially opened.

That was the start of festivities that lasted into the night.
Very strange and very interesting--Matiota Beach converted into
a shipyard.

Shipyard May Be Expanded

Well-informed circles confirm that the ship repair yard on Matiota Beach may be
expanded in the future, although so far there are not even any plans for that
second stage. Expansion will depend to a large extent on many factors, some of
them linked to developments in the market itself.

From the technical angle, there is no doubt that the shipyard is arranged so
that it can be expanded. But from the commercial standpoint, nothing can be
predicted yet, according to what VOZ DI POVO was told by reliable sources.

By the end of 1983, 20 vessels from seven countries will have been repaired,
and the resulting billing will total $1 million. That is a quite favorable
figure when one considers that CABNAVE [Cape Verde Shipyard] is already col-
lecting approximately 30,000 contos, and it is due to the marketing efforts
undertaken among customers some time ago and the technical ability and compe-
tence of the managers and workers.

Some floating repairs had been made beginning in October 1982. And from

21 August, when the shipyard actually began operations, through November, 12
ships had been hauled up and repaired, even though the repair facilities were
not completely finished. Despite that circumstance, the shipyard was able to
satisfy its customers completely.

A brochure published in connection with the official opening of the shipyard
and provided to us states: "Of the repairs carried out, we can mention the work
done on the 'Biscay Seahorse,' a tug/supply vessel for oil rigs, involving 20
tons of steel, and 'Pontoon 601,' belonging to the Les Abeilles International
firm, work on which involved 74 tons of steel."

The document goes on to say: "The orders from shipowners such as Les Abeilles
International, Seahorse, Inc., Zapriba, COBRECAF, ENAPOR, Pancrario Lopes,
Tunamara, the CNN, the CN Arca Verde, and so on illustrate the confidence
placed in CABNAVE's ability to carry out sizable repairs right from the start
of its activity."

The high output achieved is the result of efficient organization, the combined
efforts of the workers, and the excellent facilities and equipment that exist--
all of which guarantee the execution of any type of repair in internationally
competitive conditions.

17



built under the national flag which gives the villagers the
strength to "start over" and rebuild their lives.

Samuel Marcelino Somane, district administrator of Maringue, told us: "The
situation is improving. With every day that passes, many people--sometimes en-
tire families--come to report in to our forces and to the party and government
structures," ,

For his part, Tiago Lambique, political commissioner for the local forces in
that district, commented: "When the armed bandits came here, their intention
was not to attack our soldiers. Their intention was to attack the inhabitants.
That was why they fired mortar shells at the village from a distance, because-~
they were saying to the peasants--you are supporting FRELIMO and you must pay.'

Trenches in Houses

The political commissioner for the local forces paused a moment to recall the
times of hardship suffered by the inhabitants. He told us that the bandits
would attack Maringue in groups of 20, 30, and even 50 men. But they always
had the inhabitants in their gunsights. He said: "There were times when they
came in groups of 150. To keep the attacks from causing so much injury to the
population, we organized trenches inside the houses. That way, when there was
an attack, everyone knew where to take shelter from the murderous bullets fired
by the bandits.”

Economy Harmed

The Maringue District was established in June 1980 as part of the administra-
tive reorganization of Sofala Province that was started by Maj Gen Mariano
Matsinhe, who was resident minister at the time. The district comprises five
villages whose inhabitants, most of them peasants, engage primarily in agricul-
ture.

In that connection, the administrator of Maringue told us that in addition to
growing corn, "mapira," "machueira," and sweet potatoes, the district had been
the largest cotton producer: in the 1980-1981 crop year, the family sector pro-
duced about 2,000 tons of that strategic export crop.

And from Maringue's sawmills came valuable first-quality wood that was shipped
by rail to Beira for export or for use in furniture manufacturing. The dis-
trict administrator said: "We still have a tourist center and the fluorite
mines. But all those activities were harmed by the armed bandits." He added:

"When the Anhabitants were producing freely, Maringue never had food problems.
There were even times when the stores had no customers for rice and cornmeal
because the inhabitants had food at home.

"Even the fluorite mines, which had stopped operating, were being reactivated”
by us in 1979. But we had to stop that work. There were already Bulgarian
and Hungarian experts involved in the work."

30



Some 23 years have passed since a group of combatants shook the colonial
apparatus on the night of 4 February. Today, we are millions, and the
responsibility of leading Angola on the paths outlined by the revolution still
rests upon us. Certainly, if we lose even one minute we face the risk of
betraying the generous blood of all those who fell for those noble objectives.
Above all, there is an urgent need to face the situation with singleness

of purpose, in view of the tasks of reconstruction of the socialist fatherland.

It has been through the relentless struggle for the triumph of the idea of
revolution that the MPLA has forged into unity. There is, therefore, an
essential relationship between unity and struggle. It is only when we are
united and capable of overcoming personal priorities that we will be able

to face the challenge that history has put to us. It was like this on

4 February 1961. The strategy and tactic that have been adopted by the MPLA
have always proved to be correct and the same will apply to the future.
Eternal glory to the heroes of the revolution.

Long live 4 February,

The struggle continues. Victory: [crowd: is certain]

CSO: 3442/265

12



In the face of that African debate the attitude of the outside world is
very indicative of its slight regard for the peoples of Africa and their
aspirations. The East-West conflict, alas, is making itself strongly felt
in Africa, and poses a real problem for the regional integration which is
so necessary for the continent's development. In "Le Zaire de demain" I
wrote on this subject that "Africa has made a doctrinal principle of align-
ment with the East or West, whereas that is a question of advisability to
be settled with a certain pragmatism." It is a form of alienation which
must be transcended, for beyond the concrete issues affecting Africa it is
easy to see to what extent that split between Africans reflects a conflict,
external to the continent, between the two superpowers, the United States
of America and the Soviet Union--which nonetheless freely exchange vodka
and grain.

In a lucid analysis ("Quel Etat pour l'Afrique," in PRESENCE AFRICAINE no.
107, Paris) Thierry Michalon describes this paradox: "...we are forced to
note that the indispensable ideological splits have not occurred, despite
recourse to a certain vocabulary. The whole discourse of the political-

administrative class--the African establishment--becomes a broad deception
tending to spread the conviction that the structures on which it rests are
those best suited to promote "development." So we always find, firmly es-
tablished, neo-colonial bourgeois dictatorships in most African countries,
and nationalist bourgeois dictatorships in those professing socialism."

All writings of the Left and of Eastern countries, as well as all discourse
in the West, have this in common: to leave Africa to its own realities,
while making sure that the latter in fact mean Africa's alighment with this
or that power. The plan is simple: for the Left and Eastern bloc countries,
the best regimes are those Thierry Michalon calls nationalist bourgeois dic-
tatorships, and which are known by the revolutionary nationalist label.
Their fight for development and against "neo-colonial imperialism" cannot
allow political pluralism. I was able to find an excellent summary of that
attitude in Jean Ziegler's article in AFRIQUE-ASIE of 21 November 1983:
"How is it possible to rebel against establishment of a single party regime
in Mozambique when that country is torn by tribal rivalries, so that estab-
lishment of pluralism would serve only to sharpen hatred between hostile
ethnic groups? In a word, it is out of the question to apply to governmen-
tal action by revolutionary nationalists of the Third World the same cri-
teria we have a right to apply when judging the acts of the socialist gov-
ernment of France, for example."

On the other hand, judgments by the East or the Left are severe when it
comes to what Thierry Michalon calls the bourgeois neo-colonial dictator-
ships. These are called lackeys of imperialism (read the West, with the
United States of America in the lead) who sell their countries and peoples
to international capitalism. In such countries the East works to break up
the establishment and replace it by revolutionary nationalists.

In the Western view, the best of African realities are on the side of the
"pourgeois neo-colonialist dictatorships." There reality consists in pre-

84



PRETORIA'S PLAN TO CLOSE PARKS TO BLACKS OPPOSED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Jan 84 p 5

[Text]

cso:

THE Pretoria City
Council’s controversial
efforts to close 17 of its
parks to blacks will be
raised on a national level
by the city’s Indian and
coloured leaders, a
Indian com-
munity leader said in
Pretoria yesterday.

Mr Boetie Abramjee
confirmed yesterday
that the parks issue will
be raised at a meeting of
the Council for the
Coordination of Local
Government Affairs on
January 30.

The Minister of Con-
Stitutional Devel-

3400/570

opment, Mr Chris Heu-
nis, is the chairman of
the council which is the
highest body for local
government consulta-
tion between whites, In-
dians, coloureds and the
Government.
Meanwhile the chair-
‘man of the Eersterus
Management Commit-
tee, Mr Willie Hoods,
said he would call on the
coloured Labour Party
to raise the parks issue
with the Government
“on a very high level.”
Mr Abramjee, who
also serves on the Lau-
dium Management
Committee, said the

71

Government was talking,
about reform but the
city council of Pretoria’
was moving away from
this idea.
NONSENSE

Mr Hoods said: “I
hope the Provincial and
Central Government
will intervene and stop
the nonsense of the city
council. We are talking
in terms of a new consti-
tutional dispensation,
and it is senseless for the
council to implement
the parks apartheid.
This issue has already
caused the Government
embarrassment locally
and overseas.”

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/570

in charge of the NP’s elec-
tion campaign.

The Citizen under-
‘stands the NP is conduct-
ing its election campaign
on a very personal and
= house-meeting basis” —
acampaign which already
got underway in Decem-
ber last year.

Lower key

Whilst the NP is effec-
tively running a so-called
“lower key” campaign
than before, the CP and
HNP are both involved in
fullscale campaigns in
which bitterness towards
one another and against
the NP surfaced from the
outset.

The NP set its planned
low key battle plan in op-
eration on nomination
day when its Parliamen-
tary candidate, Mr Hein
Kruger, indicated in his
so-called nomination
speech at the official
Nomination Court, that
the NP planned a “low
key campaign” as op-
posed to the two recent
high-powered campaigns.

But Mr Tom Langley,
Parliamentary candidate
for the CP, used this op-
portunity to warn the pre-
‘siding officer in Soutpans-
berg and the other par-
ties’ candidates not to use

56

illegal and dirty political
tactics. He said they
would be closely watched.

The HNP Parliamen-
tary candidate, Mr Gert
Beetge, replied to Mr
Langley’s speech by ac-
cusing him of having a
guilty conscience.

That same evening, the
HNP leader, Mr Jaap
Marais, addressing the
HNP’s first election rally,
reflected in his speech the
Teal bitterness and wrath
that exists between the
HNP and CP — wrath ap-
parently because of the
CP’s refusal to accept the
HNP’s proposals of co-
operation in eléctions and
especially in Soutpans-
berg.

Not interested

A top CP spokesman
yesterday told The Citi-
zen he hoped “‘the wall of
bitterness between the CP
and HNP builds up so
strongly during the Sout-
pansberg by-elections
that it could never be bro-
ken down again because
the CP was really not in-
terested in accommodat-
ing the HNP in a single
lions by Tpemn, 16} Michel See



'mLuanda

CACOLO.
fe)

ALTO CHICAPA
LOBITO OaNDULO O_o.

ers

oo MUNHANGO

ANGOLA

fe)
LUENA caZ0MBO)

SAVIMBI'S

At least 10 Unita battalions of 600 to 800
men each are already across the railway. In
two areas the Unita regulars are operating
at brigade strength of almost 3 000 men.

Ahead of the battalions — by many months
and hundreds of kilometres — guerilla units
in groups of 15 to 200 are planting mines,
blowing up bridges, ambushing convoys and
attacking small outposts.

The Unita military offensive will continue
until April, when the rainy season peters out.
The aim is threefold:

@To bring Luanda, the Angolan capital,
under heavy military pressure; .
@To apply equal pressure to the north-east-
ern diamond mining province of Lunda;

@To force the government to the negotiating
table.

The thrust across the Benguela railway is
to the north-west and north-east of Huambo,
Angola’s second biggest city on the densely
populated central plateau, and to the north-
west and north-east of the eastern railway
town of Luena, where a big government and
Cuban garrison is surrounded by rebel forces.

The plan is flexible, allowing forces to be
concentrated on the capital or the diamond
mines according to where most progress is
being made.

At present the thrust towards the diamond
mines seems to pose most danger to the gov-
ernment.

The commander of Unita’s northern front,
Brigadier Geraldo Nunda, has led a brigade to
Cacolo, a major town 200km north-west of
Luena. Cacolo is on the tar road which is the

only land route between Luanda and the dia-
mond mines.

I have just spent three weeks with Briga-
dier Nunda’s forces. When I left the area I
saw more regular troops crossing the Ben-
guela railway line to reinforce his brigade.

Battalions on Unita’s eastern front are now
crossing the Benguela line to the east of
Luena, having just cleared government forces
from the Cazombo salient of Angola which
juts between Zambia and Zaire.

According to Unita’s leader Mr Jonas Sa-
vimbi, the forces from the northern and east-
ern fronts will push towards the diamond
mines in a pincer movement with some forces
from the northern front hiving off to ap-
proach the capital from the east.

Around Huambo the military situation is
more difficult to assess since no Western jour-
nalist reached this key area in 1983 with ei-
ther government or rebel troops. However,
communiques from both sides show that fight-
ing is going on in the three provinces between
Huambo and the capital — Cuanza South,
Cuanza North and Luanda.

Both sides are claiming victories. The ex-
ception is in the Calulo-Mussende area where
in August Unita managed to push a big force

to within 175 km of Luanda.

But in late September and October, Unita
says, its troops were forced to retreat from
that area in the face of major offensives by
Cuban-backed FAPLA forces using armourt
and helicopter gunships.

Inevitably, both sides give different ac-
counts of the counter-offensive. The govern-
ment said it killed 600 Unita troops. Unita


MALT

BRIEFS

JAPANESE AID AGREEMENT--Bamako, 27 Jan (AFP)--Japan is to supply rice to the
West African state of Mali’ and help the country to increase its food produc—
tion, under two agreements signed here Thursday’ by Malian Foreign: Minister
Alioune Blondin Beye and the Japanese charge d'affaires in Bamako. Under the ©
agreement Japan is to sell Mali 10,000 tons of rice and provide some °
800,000 dollars to increase food production in the Niger Delta area. Japanese
aid to Mali, which covers’ transport, water resources, food, health and rural
development, amounts to around 2 million dollars. [Excerpt ] [AB270950 © :
Paris AFP in English 0942 GMI 27 Jan 84 AB] ~

CSO: 3400/587

27



SOUTH AFRICA

MORE THAN ELEVEN THOUSAND BLACK WORKERS ON. STRIKE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jan 84 p 3

[Text]

cso:

MORE than 11 000
black workers were on
strike yesterday over
wages and “unfair dis-
missal” at several com-
panies, despite the
rate of cae ployment
At AECI company’s
three plants — Modder-
fontein, Midland and
Somerset West — more
than 7200 workers went

.on strike over wages and

working conditions.
The company’s
spokesman, Mr R Ver-
mont, said workers at
the Umbogintwini (Na-
tal) plant were still
working, despite the na-
tion-wide legal strike.

3400/570

In another labour un-
rest, about 1000 miners
at Rietspruit Collieries
‘near Witbank, members:
of the National Union of
Mineworkers (Num),
downed tools for the
second time in a week.

- Last Friday the
miners held a work-
stoppage in sympathy
with two colleagues who
died at the coal mine.
Yesterday workers went
‘on strike over the dis-
missal of a colleague for

according to the Union’s
general secretary, Mr

63

In Rosslyn near Pre-
toria, about 1500 work-
ers employed at BMW
downed tools over
wages. Workers said
that management had
refused to implement an
hourly R3,50 across the
board wage increase.

BMW’s spokesman
Mr Pierie De la Rey said

it the workers were
Pe arently not happy
with the 10 cents’ in-
crease which came into
effect from this month.
‘The company was nego-
tiating with the National
Automobile and Allied
Workers’ Union rep-
resenting workers.



The worker was accompanied by six colleagues, and without listening to their
grievances, they were summarily dismissed by management.

"As a result of this action and other similar incidents we decided to down
tools and will continue to do so until management changes its minds about this
kind of attitude," the workers said.

Workers also complained about working conditions and the low salaries. "We
have talked to management about these, but they have ignored us, and our
union," they said.

Num's general secretary, Mr Cyril Ramaphosa, said he tried his best to talk to
management but has drawn a blank.

"I personally went to the refineries in an attempt to resolve the issue, but
management has refused to talk to me and other union officials.

"I am stunned by this kind of relationship because we are currently negotiat-
ing a recognition agreement with the company," he said.

Migrant Workers Ousted
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 8

[Text] THE management of Impala Platinum
Refineries, whose entire striking black
workforce of 1400 was recently dis-
missed, was “busy preparing a statement
on the last 200 workers who were ex-
pected to collect’ their pay and docu-
ments” a company spokesman said yes-
terday. *

The 1400 who are migrant workers
and will have to return to their home-
lands, were sacked after going on strike
following what they considered the un-
fair dismissal of seven colleagues.

Mr Cyril Ramaphosa, general sec-
retary of the National Union of Mine-
workers, has warned of a growing bitter-
ness among the Black mineworkers.

cso: 3400/570

65



SOUTH AFRICA

SHORTAGE OF PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERS ‘CRITICAL’
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 12

[Text] INDICATIONS are that the critical shortage of professional engineers
will increase, according to the president of the South African Council for
Professional Engineers (SACPE), Professor D W de Vos.

He said in his annual report of SACPE: "The need for professional engineers
continues to increase. In 1981 there was a demand for about 2 800 additional
professional engineers. The supply was a mere 900 leaving a shortfall of
1900. The indications are that the shortfall will increase."

Among Afrikaans-speaking Whites "there are potentially still male students who
are interested in studying engineering. With the establishment of engineering
facilities at Rand Afrikaans University and Potchefstroom University more stu-
dents could now be attracted".

The report had a strong recommendation for boosting the supply of engineers
both by immigration and by attempting to attract more White women and non-

Whites to the profession.

"One can only conclude that the profession of civil engineering is moving into
a manpower crisis".

A delegation of SACPE recently held discussions with the Minister of Education
and Training and stressed the need to facilitate the study of engineering.

It also suggested a full-scale pilot study at least at one black university to
complement the studies being undertaken at the University of Witwatersrand.

The delegation also advocated freedom of applicants to apply for entry to any
faculty which would accept Black students on condition that equal entry stan-
dards be applied.

They reported that the Minister "accepted the need for educating many black
engineers and undertook to consider carefully the proposals made."

cso: 3400/570

66



ETHIOPIA

THIRD COUNCIL MEETING OF AETU ENDS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 7 Jan 84 p 1

[Text] Participants of the third regular meeting of the central Committee of
the All Ethiopia Trade Union (AETU) yesterday noted that the necessary prepar~
ations are being made at an intensified level so that workers will colourfully
celebrate the forthcoming event of party formation and the tenth anniversary of
the Ethiopian Revolution.

The participants also agreed to give the proper education to workers to enable
them to live up to their historic responsibilities of translating into deeds
political, economic and social programmes charted out for the construction of
the new system.

The joint stand of the participants of the third regular meeting of the Central
Committee of AETU was expressed yesterday at the conclusion of a three-day meet-
ing in which the participants exchanged extensive views based on reports by

the AETU Central Control Committee, the nine industrial trade union sectors and
the regional trade unions.

The participants also approved a draft programme of their council for the com-
ing six months.

Closing the meeting, Comrade Tadesse Tamirat, Chairman of the AETU, said that
the directives which the AETU Council gives and the decisions it passes are
well co-ordinated with the long-term objectives of workers. He noted the role
expected of executive committee members of workers' unions in the task of co-
ordinating the contributions of workers so that the long-term objectives would
bear fruit.

Comrade Tadesse lauded in this connection the implementation of the decision
adopted by the second regular meeting of the AETU Central Committee. (ENA)

cso: 3400/560

24



SIGMA MOTOR CORPORATION RETRENCHES WORKERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 8

[Text]

cso:

ALMOST 850 workers
at Sigma motor cor-
poration in Pretoria
were retrenched yes-
terday.

The workers, about 120
salaried staff and 725 hou-
rly-paid workers, were
told it had “regrettably
become necessary” for
them to lose their jobs as
a result of the giant motor
manufacturer having to
reduce its fixed and vari-
able costs in a drive to
meet competition.

The managing director,
Mr Spencer Sterling. said:
“I deeply and sincerely
regret that some people
have to lose their jobs,
but I am afraid there is
absolutely no alternative
if this company is to
achieve a competitive cost
structure which is a vital
prerequisite to the cre-
ation of a stable and prof-
itable business.”

A Sigma spokesman
said last year had been a
period of reorganisation
and expansion at “tre-

3400/570

76

mendous cost”.

A number of new prod-
ucts had been launched in
the second half of the
year, the expansion pro-
gramme at Sigma Park
had been completed, and
the company had been re-
organised and restruc-
tured from top to bottom.
Key management ap-
pointments had also been
made.

The spokesman said
that, while Sigma’s mar-
ket penetration had im-
proved progressively in
the first three quarters of
1983, severe supply prob-
lems in the fourth quar-
ter, “‘as well as the lack of
adequate dealer represen-
tation.

The company, owned
jointly by the Anglo
American Corporation
and Anglo American In-
dustrial Corporation, in
equal shares, recorded a
loss of about R50-million
last financial year and is
reported to be heading
for another major loss,

SOUTH AFRICA


BRITISH JOURNALIST DESCRIBES VISIT TO BATTLEFRONT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5, 10, 11, 12 Jan 84

(Four part article by Fred Bridgland]

[5 Jan 84 p 6]

{Text ]

No country in Africa has
experienced as tumultuous a
transition from colonial rule
to independence as Angola.
Eight years ago the
Portuguese withdrew from
Angola after five centuries of
occupation.

Elections scheduled to mark
the country’s independence
never took place.

Instead a civil war broke out
which rapidly escalated to
include Cubans, South
Africans, Russians,
Americans, Chinese and
many other nations ina
scramble to secure the
strategic prize that Angola ,
represents.

In 1976 the war seemed to
have ended when the
Marxist-oriented Popular
Movement for the Liberation
of Angola (MPLA) formed the
first independent government
of Angola with Cuban and
Soviet military support.

But the war has rumbled on
ever since, still stoked by

ANGOLA

a
CACOLO
°

ALTO CHICAPA

MUNHANGO

ANGOLA

°

SAVIMBI'S
Ha.

outside powers, and it is now
bigger than ever, with the
country being laid waste by
at least five armies.
Entering 1984, Angola is
perhaps the key country ina
changing and unstable
Southern Africa. It is also one
of the focal points in
international East-West
tension.

FRED BRIDGLAND, a
British journalist and The
Star’s special correspondent
on Angola, has just returned
from a trip to Angola that
took him more than 1 000 km
into the war-torn country.

Today, in the first of three
articles, he assesses the
complex fighting in progress.



Buthelezi Tells Zulu Students To Watch Out
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 16 Jan 84) ......seeeeseeeees

Pretoria's Plan To Close Parks to Blacks Opposed
(SOWETAN, 16 Jan 84).......4.

Dairy Board Exports Milk To Reduce Massive.Surplus
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84).....

Commodity Reports Reflect Grim Overall Scene
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84).......

Water Supply Improvements Described
(THE CITIZEN, 20 Jan 84).....

Sigma Motor Corporation Retrenches Workers
(THE CLTIZEN, 20 Jan 84)....

Briefs
Strikers Fired
Malays Claim Vrededorp
Durban's Sister City
Coloured Enrollment
New Technical Digest
Bophuthatswana Action on Trade Unions

TANZANIA

Nation's Socialism Has Reportedly Lost Its Appeal
(Jacques de Barrin; LE MONDE, 10 Jan 84)..

Nguza Karl-I-Bond on Democracy in Africa
(Nguza Karl-I-Bond; LE SOIR, 27 Dec B3)...+.+sseeeeeeeeeees

Briefs
Deaths in Prison
Denial of Prisoner's Death

Briefs
Refugees in Restricted Areas

ZIMBABWE

Briefs
Cuban-Namibian Linkage Rejected
Mutare City Council Resignation

-d-

70

71

72

73

75

79

83

87
87

88

89
89


ANGOLA

OFFICIAL VISITS BIE PROVINCIAL MUNICIPALITIES
MB221240 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0700 GMT 22 Jan 84

[Text] Lieutenant Colonel (Marques Monacapuwe Bassavava), deputy chairman
of the 4th Region Military Council, has made a’working visit to Andulo and
Nharea municipalities in Bie Province, thus refuting the report which has
been circulating in the provincial capital that Nharea village was under
control of UNITA puppets.

According to a broadcast by the Bie regional radio station, Nharea was attack-
ed and briefly occupied on 4 January, but the glorious People's Armed Forces
for the Liberation of Angola [FAPLA] counterattacked and repulsed the enemy.
When they recaptured the village later, they saw that during the brief occu-
pation of many of its residents were massacred and a number of its residences
were destroyed. During the visit to the village by the deputy chairman of
the 4th Military Region, the People's Defense Organization commander in Nharea
called for increased support for the local combatants from the competent
provincial structures so as to overcome certain difficulties currently facing
the combatants,

Meanwhile, in Benguela Province, 20 UNITA gangsters were killed and 4 others
were captured in actions carried out by the glorious FAPLA on 8 and 19 January
in Bocoio, Balombo, and Chongoroi municipalities. The operations also led

to the freeing of 87 members of the public whom the bandits were holding cap-
tive in the bush, the retrieval of 101 head of cattle which had been robbed
from the population, and the capture of South African-made PN landmines.

Our forces also killed 28 other bandits and seized 13 South African-made
weapons when a puppet gang was forced to flee after failing in its attempt

to storm (Mobolo) Village, where it had intended to rob the residents of their
foodstuffs. -~

Defense and security sources in Benguela point out that 258 puppets were killed
in the last quarter of last year, 7 others were taken prisoner, and 41 weapons
and 7 antitank mines were also captured during the same period. In Huambo
Province, four UNITA counterrevolutionaries who were part of a group which was
attempting to massacre members of the public in a village of Chicala Municipality
in (Chaluanga) were killed. In Cuanza Norte, 21 bandits were killed and another
was taken prisoner when a puppet gang attempted to infiltrate the Samba Lucala
commune.

CSO: 3442/265
13



ing the final attack-on ¢
wiptil he-hadapottbcted:.th

have fled southwards. It is a deliberate
rebel ploy to attack in overwhelming
numbers — to minimise Unita losses
and so maintain its soldiers’ morale —
and allow the enemy a clear avenue of
escape.

Then began the usual pattern of
Unita post-battle activities — the
rounding up of the civilian population
(described in a Unita communique on
the attack as “MPLA prisoners”) to be
resettled in rebel bases, villages and
agricultural cooperatives; the blowing
up of the main installations so that the
town would be useless to the enemy if
ever they recaptured it; and the con-
struction.of a new forward military
base in the nearby forest in prepara-
tion for the next push northwards.

“My soldiers feel they were not real-
ly tested, and they want a new and big-
ger target soon,” said Brigadier Nunda.
“T’m deciding on one.”

Tleft:the brigade and returned south-
wards towards the railway line. On the
way I passed another battalion of 600
Unita soldiers “yomping” northwards
at more than 40km a day, carrying
more than 20kg loads on their heads
and backs, to join Brigadier Nunda.

Within three weeks the Nunda bri-
gade had moved another 80 kms north-
wards and on December 18 overran the
major town of Cacolo, on the tar road
which links Luanda, on the coast, with
the diamond mining province of Lunda
in the north-east.

On my way south I passed within
30 km of the Benguela Railway town of
Cuemba, where an MPLA brigade is
under siege by more than 1-500:regular
Unita troops. SS,

The Unita commander, Colonel Ben-
Ben Arlindo Pena, said.he was delay-

‘dispositions in
the town.

gpa?

The fall of Cuemba would extend
Unita-controlled territory onto the
most densely populated area of the
high Central Plateau, which in the past
was the agricultural breadbasket of
Angola. °

{10 Jan 84, p 5]

[Text]

Back in Unita’s southern bases Cana-
dian and Portuguese hostages gave
eye-witness accounts of another impor-
tant Unita military victory in the east-
ern town of Cazombo, in a salient of
Angola which juts eastwards between
Zambia and Zaire.

Fernando Moreira, a 34-year-old
Portuguese who had worked as a shop-
keeper in Cazombo for 12 years, said
there were about 1000 Government
troops in the town.

“The Unita attack came at 7 am. The
firing lasted about an hour, but Fapla
lost the initiative after five minutes
and most of them started running
away towards Zambia.

A column of eight Government
trucks carying weapons, food and other
supplies had arrived in the town the
night before the attack. The Portu-
guese said the Unita force captured
these along with several other trucks
and four tractors, a large supply of
weapons and ammunition, and a mili-
tary warehouse stacked with rice,
cooking oil, dried milk, tinned meat
and soap.

The Canadians, two missionary
nurses, Nora Draper and Marion Wili-
son, and the 34 Portuguese had been
marched southwards through Angola to
the base — a distance of about 800 km.

Miss Draper said they were captured
by Unita troops at the clinic outside
Cazombo where they treated up to
1000 sick peasant people each day.

“We shut ourselves in our house
when the troops arrived,” said Miss
Draper. .

“Thad just finished stitching a small
head wound on a child who had been
hurt in the fighting in Cazombo. The
soldiers told us to come out. They put
ther arms around us and said we were
to-go with them.

“We didn't know who they were until
I noticed Savimbi’s portrait on some of
their rifle butts. We were very fright-
ened for the first two days, but their
captain assured us we would be safe.”

The Canadians, who were flown to
freedom on Christmas Eve after being
released, said they had not expected to
be attacked.

LONDON — As South African forces pound
Swapo' bases in southern Angola, the rebel
Anita movement is pushing battalions of its
“ regular troops across the Benguela railway
line into the northern half of the country.



serving Western presence and influence in Africa through "strong men" crea-
ted and controllable at will. Such strong men guarantee the strategic and
economic interests of the West. For those African states democracy consists
in making a few political adjustments particularly preferential to a mono-
lithic and very often dictatorial regime. In the West the excuse found for
this sort of regime, so as to ease the Western conscience, is that Africa
differs from the industrialized states of the West and that its "realities"
mist be accepted, with its right to be different, as is fondly repeated un-
der certain African skies. Why then should these "African realities" be ac-
ceptable only in "neo-colonialist bourgeois dictatorships," and not in so-
called "revolutionary nationalist" states? The West intervenes, even mili-
tarily, in Third World countries in order to preserve them from "comrunist
dictatorship" and "guarantee democracy and the interests of the free world."

As an African and a democratic nationalist, I merely note that in this de-
pate East and West speak the same language: "African realities" must above
all be taken into account, provided those realities correspond to the aims
of one or the other camp.

That makes me think of the title of Andre Fontaine's book "Un seul lit pour
deux reves" (One Bed for Two Dreams), taken from the famous quip by Chinese
leader Chou En-lai: "The great powers sleep in the same bed, but do not have
the same dream."

The debate on political institutions in Africa is an African debate. All
Africans recognize Africa's attachment to the virtues of dialogue. All
Africans recognize the need to defend civil liberties, popular sovereignty,
and human rights. Those principles are violated in most African countries,
for one the one hand democratic debate is denied, and on the other the for-
eigner guards his interests. Certainly Africa has its problems and dangers.
It is here, perhaps, the debate should be centered, for the dangers cannot
justify contempt for the sovereignty of the people. Senegal, Nigeria, and
quite recently Tunisia, have become examples of sound political change to-
wards stable democratic institutions.

Democracy is not manifested solely at the level of opinion trends, through
a multiparty system or political pluralism.. On this subject it is my opi-
nion that two or three political trends are sufficient to establish a cli-
mate of democratic debate, and to assure rotation in office with a clear
choice for voters. Democracy does not exclude strong authority, or more
precisely a strong executive who must meet particular situations, as is of-
ten the case in less developed countries; but care must be taken not to con-
fuse strong power, limited by clear constitutional provisions, with dicta-
torship.

Rotation in office is not the only expression of democracy, which can be
expanded by decentralization. By enabling regions to manage themselves as
to specific matters, we give them political responsibilities before local
populations. That may be an overriding necessity for countries of vast area
in which overcentralization favors a minority of urban dwellers at the ex-
pense of the rural majority.

85



DURBAN'S SISTER CITY--TAIPEI--The Kaohsiung Municipal Council adopted a reso-
lution yesterday to establish sisterhood ties between Tiawan's second-largest
city and Durban. Durban will become its 16th sister city and the first in
Africa to team up with Kaohsiung. The Kaohsiung Council is undertaking the
procedures to implement the decision. The Durban Municipal Council passed the
resolution to enter sister relations with Kaohsiung two years ago. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jan 84 p 8]

COLOURED ENROLLMENT--CAPE TOWN--A total of 607 990 primary and 173 186 secon-
dary pupils went back to classes yesterday when Department of Internal Affairs
schools opened across the country. Primary school enrolements dropped from .
614 362 last year, but secondary schools figures were more than 11 000 up. In
the Peninsula region, which includes Wynberg, Mitchell's Plain, Bellville,
Somerset West and Paarl, 319 375 children enrolled in primary and secondary
schools. Some Coloured pupils will, for the first time, be taught in mobile
classrooms constructed by the Department of Internal Affairs in an attempt to |
eliminate double-shift classes. Three mobile classrooms were being used in

the Wynberg region, which included Cape Flats schools, and 26 in the Bellville
region. A sum of R20-million has been ‘allocated over the next three financial ~
years to supply mobile classrooms around the country. An estimated 400 class-
rooms should be completed by March 21, he said. The department had either to
turn away pupils or‘use the available accommodation--hence the double-shift
system which had proved unsatisfactory. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 19 Jan 84 p 2]

NEW TECHNICAL DIGEST--A publication which will provide manufacturers and dis-
tributors with information on new inventions and licences available for exploi-
tation in South Africa has been launched in Pretoria. The magazine, Novum, is
a monthly digest of new patents, processes and licences, both local and over-
seas. Items range from toys to mining equipment. Novum is the brainchild of
Barry Newdigate, a Pretoria design engineer who believes that the time is ripe
for the establishment of a marketplace for patents and new designs. "For far
too long," he says, "there has been a lack of communication between businessmen
seeking fresh ideas and patent holders wishing to find local licences." Novum
is published by BNS Technical, PO Box 71602, the Willows, 0041. [Text]
[Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 6 Jan 84 p 7] :

BOPHUTHATSWANA ACTION ON TRADE UNIONS--The Bophuthatswana. minister. of manpower,
Mr Ron Cronje, says the black state will not allow trade unions not registered
in Bophuthatswana to become active in the country. Mr Cronje said that if it
should come to the attention of his government that South African trade unions
were intimidating Bophuthatswana citizens, or were making it impossible to work
in peace ‘in ‘South Africa, the matter would immediately be brought to the
attention of ‘the South African authorities for the appropriate action.

Mr Cronje was reacting to rumors that Tswana workers at the Medical University
of Southem Africa were in danger of losing their jobs, and he said the matter
was being investigated. [Text] [MB201852 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English
1700 GMT 20 Jan 84]

cso: 3400/589
78



After the mistake made by the third five-year plan, which in 1976 put the ac-
cent on industry, the priority today is on agriculture, which brings into the
nation more than three fourths of its foreign currency. Established on the con-
clusions of "the Mbiliny Report," the new policy is intended to be more pragmat-
ic and.less constraining than the previous one. Among other things, it brings
up the question of reviving the producers' cooperatives, which were abolished in
1976 because they were overshadowing the local party authorities, giving land--
which belongs to the people--to those who cultivate it, thanks to long-term
leases, and forcing state-run farms to use commercial management methods.

Will those good intentions be followed by results? It is certain that within
the single party, the Rally for the Revolution, many of the officials are balk-
ing at such a development which, with foreign inspiration, may seem to them not
to conform very well to the canons of Tanzanian socialism. Will the new genera-
tion of leaders show itself to be more receptive than the previous one to these
ideas, and less suspicious of any private initiative? Be that as it may, the
state, omnipotent and omnipresent, will have a great deal of trouble handing
over some of its tasks. If the government makes good on its intention to "skim
the fat off' the public sector, which is over 300 companies strong, what will
become of the thousands of employees who were placed there for purely social
reasons? 5 \

The "Sleeping Pioneer"

In a totally depressed economic climate, what effects can be produced by the
spectacular measures that really make no difference? Thus, under the "law on
redeployment of human resources," 20,000 spurious city dwellers would present
themselves as "volunteers" to go and work in the fields, rather than drag out
their idleness in Dar-es-Salaam. How many have actually taken the road to the
countryside? Perhaps a few dozen. Everyone here tells the story of the "train
from Moshi." It leaves the capital for the north, crammed with "pioneers."
When it arrives at its destination, only one traveler is still on board. "How
does it happen that you are alone?", someone asks him. And the reply: "I fell
asleep."

In March, the government also launched a vast campaign against "economic sabo-
teurs." More than 2,200 have already been arrested, whether they were--for ex-
ample--gas pumpers who were selling gasoline under the table at two and a half
times its official price, or top officials in charge of the development of
Dodoma, the new capital, who had misappropriated public funds for their own
profit. The arrests were sword strokes under water, since nothing has been done
to attack the black market and the misappropriation of public funds at their
roots, that is to say, to radically challenge the regime's economic positions.

The patent failure of Tanzanian socialism favors the development of a parallel
underground economy. Has it not been said that the state controls barely 10
percent of the food production? The parental relations system is picking up
strength again and making it possible to share the shortages. Bartering is re-
spectable. "This poor country's strength is that most of its people are living
apart from monetary circles, and that for them, inflation and devaluation are
still abstract ideas," an economist emphasizes.

81



A complex of classrooms for theoretical subjects and another with social ameni-
ties are the main facilities at the center... The center's staff consists of
three theoretical instructors trained as engineers and two practical instructors.
The other subjects are taught by instructors from the shipyard. °

The school uses audiovisual teaching aids--slides, recordings, and films--in
its theoretical classes and basie equipment for practical ‘instruction: tools,
an intensive training unit, universal machines, and so on.

CABNAVE Plans To Build Ships

CABNAVE's ship repair facility--the largest enterprise ever built in Cape
Verde--is located on Sao Vicente Island in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.

It was designed, built, and equipped to provide every service necessary for
fishing fleets, freighters, tugboats, oil rig support vessels, and the equip-
ment used in exploring for and extracting petroleum.

Any type of repair on ships passing through the area or calling at the ports
on our continent's west coast ¢an also be provided by the shipyard, since it
has everything needed for that kind of work.

With a view to ensuring the quality and efficiency of the shipyard, a: company
known as CABNAVE was established, its owners being Cape Verde, LISNAVE [Lisbon
Shipyard], the Scheepswerf De Waal Corporation, and Antonio Spencer Vieira.

The Cape Verdian Government provided the infrastructures and other services
necessary for the complete functioning of the shipyard, while LISNAVE, using
its know-how, provided all its organizational support and technical assistance,
giving CABNAVE what it needed to recruit managers, technicians, workers, and
so on. :

The De Waal firm, which built and delivered the platform (the slipway),.made
sure of the system's operational efficiency.

The facilities are located on approximately 10 hectares of land that was re-
claimed from the sea using’ earthfill obtained when.the rugged cliff directly
overlooking the sea was razed a little over 2 years ago.

The system for hauling vessels out of the water--a sideslip with lateral
transfer--consists of the slip itself, which enters the sea to a depth of 8
meters and is equipped with a platform measuring 95 x 18 meters and capable of
lifting 2,800 tons, and six 110-meter-long docks for dry repairs... The system
as constituted makes it possible to haul up vessels measuring up to 110 meters
in length: and weighing 6,500 dwt.

The shipyard possesses a range of very well-equipped facilities, examples being
shops for carpentry, machining, pipe work, electricity and electronics, boiler-
work, and scraping and painting, in addition to the hoisting and transportation
equipment and a complex network for electricity and fluids.

19



0950393

JPRS-SSA-84-018

6 February 1984
[See = STATEMENT 5 \
Approved for puplic releaaai
Disribunon Unitmned 3

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19960319 19

DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED g

FBIS; FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

""epropucen By
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
_INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

— - 45
AGS

CV



Under those conditions, even though they are felt more keenly by the urban pop-
ulation--the minimum wage (600 shillings a month, about 400 francs) has not been
raised since July 1981--, the economic setbacks, which the man in the street
tends to attribute to "bad luck," should nevertheless not seriously compromise
the stability of the regime. In this connection, no one in Dar-es-Salaam made
a tragedy out of the discovery in January 1983 of a plot to assassinate
President Nyerere, a plot in which 30 persons had a hand, including 20 soldiers.

Today, Tanzanian socialism has lost a large part of its seductive power. Vari-
ous lenders are beginning to allow themselves to come to the aid of a country
that has virtually ceased making payments and is living more and more on dona-
tions. There are still states, like Sweden, which, by political and ideological
preference are making every effort, in good years and bad, to keep its head
above water. Unfortunately, charity has never enabled a nation to develop.

8946
CSO: 3419/336

82



There the Multi-Party Conference, which has started meeting at its own.
initiative, has already shown early signs of a common desire to overcome
our neighboring country's serious political problems.

/Is the spirit of the Turnhalle, which once gave Namibia so much hope, going
to be revived?/

Main Figures

Informed persons think that, although it will be difficult, it is not
entirely impossible.

Some of the main figures in the Turnhalle, such as Mr Dirk Mudge and his
people, are participating in the new conference in Windhoek,

The National Party, majority party among Namibian whites, is also active at
the conference; its principal delegate is another Turnhalle veteran, the
lawyer Eben van Zijl, who had been out of active politics for longer than
two years.

There is also the Rehoboth Liberation Party (Mr Hans Diergaardt). Plus a
couple of parties which were not in the Turnhalle, such as the Damara
Council (Mr Justus Garoeb), Swapo Democrats (Mr Andreas Shipanga) and Swanu
(Mr Moses Katjiuongua).

/They all were no great friends in the past; now it appears that a spirit
of reconcilation has arisen among them in order to achieve a concensus on
the future of Namibia./

That new spirit is a very welcome development.

Especially since it has seemed for so long that the Namibians enjoy fighting
among themselves nearly as much as against their common enemy, communist-—
oriented Swapo.

Observers close to the Multi-Party Conference believe that a greater degree
of level-headedness has entered Namibia's politics.

Almost something similar to South Africa's referendum, when people finally
had to confront alternatives to the National Party plan head-on. And ask
themselves--even if they do not support the new constitution in all regards
--whether they intend to leave the country at the mercy of Mrs Suzman and
Dr Treurnicht/

/In just the same way, the Namibians now must ask themselves more urgently

than ever before whether they intend to leave that marvelous, wide country
at the mercy of Sam Nujoma, his Kremlin bosses and his terrorists./

42



One of the mysteries of the Angolan
conflict is the great degree of freedom
the rebels enjoy from government
counter-insurgency measures.

The government has announced the
creation of a special force, the Luta
Contra Bandits, to penetrate rebel
strongholds. So far the LCB seem to be
phantom soldiers.

Rebel trucks move freely for many
hundreds of kilometres through Angola
without any fear of running into enemy
mines or ambushes.

Last month I saw a big bridge that
had been built by Unita engineers with-
in 80km of a major military base
manned by government forces and
Cubans. The bridge spans the Cuana-
vale river near the garrison town of
Cuito Cuanavale.

Prime traget

———

By all the rules of warfare the
bridge should be a prime target for
government commando and air at-
tacks. Instead, rebel trucks pour across
it unhindered, taking supplies right up
to the edge of the densely populated
Angolan Central Highlands.

How will the rebels capitalise on this

control in the coming years? And why
‘is a government blessed by oil and dia-
mond riches,immense agricultural po-
tential, Cuban army support and Soviet
military supplies apparently so unable
to stem the tide?

Unita’s leader, Mr Jonas Savimbi, is
specific about what he hopes to
achieve. He wants to bring the govern-
ment to the negotiating table by April.

At one of his rear bases in
south-eastern Angola, the rebel leader
said: “Our political aim remains to
force the MPLA into negotiations.

“But we have to advance militarily
to persuade them to talk.”

Mr Savimbi (47), who has led Unita
in 17 years of fighting against the Por-
tuguese and MPLA, said he had estab-
lished contact with a government fac-
tion which wanted to negotiate an end
to the civil war.

Contacts with the faction were made
through Lisbon, and the more Unita ex-
tended its military control the more
the MPLA faction willing to negoti-
ate grew in strength.

Mr Savimbi’s public negotiating
terms are tough. He demands:

@The withdrawal of 25000 Cuban
troops in Angola as military allies of
the government.

@ The establishment of a coalition gov-
ernment between Unita and the MPLA,
leading eventually to elections.

C ZAIRE

CACOLO
O°

ALTO CHICAPA
F——)LoBit0 oanpuLo ©

ENGUELA HUAMBO
ANGOLA

e
SAVIMBI'S
HQ.

Elections are at the root of the civil
war. Under the agreement which
brought independence to Angola in
1975, the former Portuguese rulers
were obliged. to organise multi-party
elections.

Deadline

The elections, which Unita claims it
would have won, never took place and
instead the Marxist-Leninist MPLA
formed the first government of inde-
pendent Angola with Cuban and So-
viet military support.

Mr Savimbi has given the govern-
ment a deadline of March by which to
open talks.

“If they refuse to negotiate, one
more year will be sufficient for us to
bring dramatic changes to this coun-
try,” he said.

“Life will be unliveable here. I think
then that the Russians and Cubans will
tell the MPLA that they must negoti-
ate.”

The official government line is that
it cannot talk to South African “pup-
pets” (Unita) and that there must be a
military solution to the conflict.

“We know it will not be easy to se-
cure a military victory against Unita,
but we know that in the end we will
win,” a senior Angola army command-
er recently told Godwin Matatu, Africa
correspondent of The Observer.

But Matatu, whose past sympathies
have been with the MPLA and whose
visit to Luanda was the latest by a



admitted to 82 dead, an unusually high con-
cession by the rebels, who accused the Ango-
lans of using a Russian commander, a Gener-
al Valentina, and an East German senior offi-
cer, a General Von Statatus, to direct the op-
eration.

, Unita claimed the defence of Luanda meant
that several brigades had to be moved from:
other regions and this enabled the rebels to
score compensatory victories.

The significant point about the episode is
that the government was forced to admit a
major clash close to the capital when two
years ago the set battles were confined to the
south-eastern corner of Angola.

Also, two years ago the MPLA information
services were dismissing the rebels as a hand-
ful of no more than 300 “fantoches” (bandits).
Now the claim is of 600 dead rebels in one
operation.

These facts alone should make it clear to
those sceptical about rebel claims that some-
thing has changed in the state of Angola.

Unita; while admitting a tactical withdraw-
al, is confident the government's armoured

vthrust on the Calulo-Mussende front can be
absorbed, as others elsewhere have been.

The tactic is to withdraw before the frontal

assault, harass the flanks and engage in di-
rect battle again only after enemy supply
lines have become stretched along poor and
remote country roads.
» Away from Calulo-Mussende, Unita claims
greater successes. On the western front two
battalions in the high, mist-swirled mountains
north-west of Huambo have closed one of the
two roads between Huambo and the port of
Lobito, and also the coastal road between Lo-
bito and Luanda.

On the central front the major town of An-
dulo, 200 kms north-east of Huambo, has been
overrun — a Unita claim that has not been
denied by Luanda. Eight Portuguese civilians
were killed in crossfire at Andulo. ©

The overall pattern is clear — Unita has
advanced hundreds of kilometres over the
last two years and in 1983 it carried the focus
of the war from the south, so that this year
the focus is in the north, nearer the capital

11 Jan 84 p 8]

[Text]

world.

LONDON — The war in Angola will attract increasing inter-
national attention in 1984.

The conflict will demand attention as government forces continue
to suffer defeats at the hands of rebels and the country has to face
the ever-present threat of South African “search and destroy” raids
on Swapo bases in Angola.

While the South African occupation of part of the country poses
terrible problems for the Angolan Government, the Luanda regime
regards the war against Unita as a bigger problem.

The British Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, Mr
Malcolm Rifkind, returned home from a recent visit to Luanda and
told his Foreign Office colleagues that the subject Angolan officials
talked about most was the internal war.

Unita is relentlessly and methodically establishing control in the
Angolan countryside, isolating big Government-held towns and
making the country impossible to govern.

In the last 30 months Unita has extended its area of control —
which at one time’ was restricted to the extreme south-east corner
of the country — many hundreds of kilometres northwards through

Angola.

It is difficult to convey adequately how total and sophisticated is
the degree of Unita military control, now extending to more than a __
third of the country. Military bases, logistics bases, State farms, ...
schools, hospitals and civilian villages under Unita control are
scattered throughout the area.

Hundreds of trucks ply up-and down the Savimbi Trail carrying
supplies right into the centre of Angola. |

The trail, which has several
branches and stops at the Ben-
guela Railway, is about to be
extended across the line into
northern Angola. Where major
rivers form obstacles, sophisti-
cated wooden road bridges are - :
thrown across them.

and the third largest diamond field in the
Id.


NP CONFIDENT OF WINNING SOUTPANSBERG ELECTIONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 4

[Article by Jaap Theron]

[Text]

THE election organisa-
tions of the NP, CP and
HNP are in full swing for
the Soutpansberg Parlia-
mentary and Provincial
{rclections on February

Transvaal NP spokes-
men yesterday “told The
Citizen the NP was confi-
dent of a victory in both
the Parliamentary and
Provincial seats, “‘provid-
ing the supporters — who
are apparently election-
weary after a somewhat
fierce ‘battle of the Berge’
and referendum cam-
paigning last year — don’t
‘stay away from the polls.”

The ‘spokesman said
the NP has a tough battle
ahead of it in order to
beat off the HNP from
the far right and to defeat
the CP. But they believe a
straight majority over
both is not excluded.

Onslaught

A CP spokesman ex-
pressed similar views say-
ing the CP has to fight off
the HNP onslaught whilst
it also has to draw sup-
porters from the NP.

The CP believes it
could win Soutpansberg,
providing it gets enough
‘support from NP ranks.

An HNP spokesman at
Louis Trichardt yesterday

55

said he did not expect the
HNP to win either of the
two by-elections, but that
his party hopes to aprove
that they have not lost
their former stabilised
support in this constitu-
ency specifically, and for
that reason also in the rest
of the Transvaal platte-
land.

Informed NP sources ©

said the Transvaal NP is
approaching the Sout-
pansberg by-elections in a
determined manner and
its organisation was there-
fore set on a fixec and
well-planned course to
win these “important
elections.”

But unlike in the two
previous fights — the
‘Battle of the Berge’ by-
election, and the referen-
dum campaign — which

“were fought with maxi-

mum manpower and on
the highest possible level,
the NP will fight the Sout-
pansberg _ by-elections
with a much lower pro-
file.

Only two Cabinet Min-
isters and the Prime Min-
ister are so far lined up
for election rallies in
Soutpansberg, whilst only
two party organisers and
a single top-level control-
ling officer, former MP
Mr Tony van Tonder, are

SOUTH AFRICA



There is no disagreement between him and the government, and he strongly
rejects attempts to connect a threat to the NP's attempts.

In response to a question about relations between the Namibian NP and the
government, Mr Pretorius said: "Relations between us and the government,
the Conservative Party and the Reconstituted National Party were still very
good. I feel obligated to cooperate with the current government to obtain
something for my people. I can do nothing else. That does not mean that
I agree with everything they do," Mr Pretorius stated.

Cartoon on Botha Trip
Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 30 Nov 83 p 6
[Cartoon by Dirty Gene Trajers. // in boldface]

[Caption lower right] Brand-new plans for Namibia may be among the documents
which Mr /Pik Botha/ will present in Bonn on his European trip...

[Balloon] -I just hope the Namibians /appreciate/ everything that /I/ am
.doing for them!!

[Tag on present] Another /big/ present to Namibia... from Pik. .

38



TANZANIA

NATION'S SOCIALISM HAS REPORTEDLY LOST ITS APPEAL
Paris LE MONDE in French 10 Jan 84 p 14

[Article by Jacques de Barrin: "Tanzania: A Bankruptcy Balance Sheet Attrib-
uted to Bad Luck'']

[Text] Even if it is only for two fried eggs, it sometimes happens that a res-
taurateur cannot fill a customer's order. Store counters are hopelessly empty
and so is the’ state's treasury. The Tanzania of Julius Nyerere, who exalted a
genuine and purifying African socialism, is sinking into shortages and taking a
"great leap backwards."

With a very few exceptions, all the indicators on the instrument panel of the
Tanzanian economy are showing red. The gross domestic product fell 3.2 percent
in 1982. The agricultural sector's share diminished by 8.2 percent. Industrial
production fell 25.4 percent. The inflation rate is running around 30 percent
per year. On the black market, the dollar is being exchanged against the shil-
ling at eight times its official price. The foreign debt is over $2 billion.

As for foreign currency reserves, they "rose" to a few million dollars, the
equivalent of a few--hours of importation. The bottom line is a bankruptcy bal-
ance sheet.

Farmers, however much they may be the regime's cherished children, are leading a
hard life. For lack of means of transportation, seeds and insecticides are not
getting to them in time and their harvests, because of poor storage conditions,
are suffering delays in picking. Added to this are lack of fuel and spare
parts--3,000 out of 10,000 tractors are in working order--, invasive bureaucra-
cy and the absence of profitable selling prices, since the parapublic marketing
companies charge unmercifully for their services.

What use is it, under these conditions, to work a piece of land with no hope of
making a profit? The Tanzanian peasants are rediscovering the virtues of the
subsistence economy. Those who are lucky enough to live along the borders, es-
pecially along the recently re-opened Kenyan border, are attempting to barter
with their neighbors to procure products of primary necessity, such as soap.
The result of this disenchantment: most export crops--coffee, cotton, cashew
nuts, sisal--are plummeting.

79



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

EDUCATIONAL MEETING IN KEY-BAHR--MASSAWA ENA)-~A meeting organized to strengthen
curriculum development and technological centres in the Key~Bahr province of
Eritrea region was held here recently. Among the topics discussed were the
preparation of a socialist educational curriculum, the aims and functions of
educational centres and the proper handling and utilization of public property.
Taking part in the meeting were school directors in the province, chairmen of
educational guidance committees, educational centre representatives and kebele
officials. Addressing the meeting, Comrade Kibrom Tekle, Administrator of the
provincial educational office, stressed the need to ‘apply theoretical knowledge
in different spheres. Participants of the meeting later toured workshops oper-
ating under the educational development centre. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE
ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 4 Jan 84 p 1]

SWEDISH HEALTH AID--An agreement for the implementation of the 1.6 million
birr the Swedish had granted in aid for Ethiopia's health programme was

signed here yesterday at the National Revolutionary Development Campaign and
Central Planning Supreme Council (NRDC-CPSC). The agreement was signed on
behalf of the Ethiopian Government by Comrade Aklilu Afework, Head of the
Production Sector of the NRDC-CPSC with the Rank of Commissioner, and Swedish
Ambassador Nils G. Revelius on behalf of the Swedish Government. Present dur-
ing the signing of the agreement were pertinent officials of the Central Plan-
ning Supreme Council and members of the Swedish International Development Agency
mission here. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English

28 Dec 83 p 1]

csO: 3400/560

26



Stagnation

The original plan of the Administrator-general, Dr Willie van Niekerk, for

a council of state for Namibia can be replaced by the Multi-Party Conference,
if the discussions are successful, The Multi-Party Conference can create
the basis for a provisional government which can take over the reins in

Namibia to a great extent.

In this manner, the political stagnation can be ended, after threatening to
undo all the impressive military successes.

A common front of the democratic parties is the best way to beat terrorism
and communism in Namibia~-and to stop the balance of power in southern
Africa from swinging toward the powers of chaos and violence.

/Especially now that some western countries are starting to become weak-
kneed about the Cubans in Angola./

12571
cso: 3401/35

43



ETHIOPIA

REPUBLIC OF KOREA DONATES PHOTO LAB EQUIPMENT
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 6 Jan 84 p 1

[Text] The Ethiopian News Agency (ENA) of the Ministry of Information and
National Guidance yesterday secured a donation of a photo laboratory equip-
ment from the government of the Republic of Korea.

Ambassador Deuk Pokim of the Republic of Korea to Socialist Ethiopia, handed
over the equipment to Comrade Merid Bekele, Acting Head of ENA, at a ceremony
held at the ENA head office here.

Ambassador Kim expressed appreciation for the efforts made by the government
and people of Socialist Ethiopia to advance the socio-economic construction
of the country. He noted the successful endeavours of the country in the
literacy campaign and in enlightening the people in thepath of nation build-
ing. 7

Ambassador Kim also pledged to exert unreserved effort to strengthen the rela-
tions and cooperation of the two countries.

Speaking for his part, Comrade Merid said that it was not the first time that
the government of the Republic of Korea was making such a donation. The present
donation, he said, would help to reinforce the work of the news agency.

Comrade Merid further pointed out that the donation indicates the friendship
and relations of the peoples of the two countries. (ENA)

CSO: 3400/560

25



INCREASED LABOR PRODUCTIVITY REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jan 84 p 18.

[Text]

cso:

3400/570

WHITES, Blacks,
Coloureds ands Asians
working in the non-agri-
cultural sectors of the
South African economy
all raised their. labour pro-
ductivity in the 12 years
up to 1982.

Only the labour pro-
ductivity of the Whites
improved sufficiently to
make a positive contribu-
tion to the cost effective-
ness of labour in the Re-
public, the National Pro-
ductivity Institute says in
its annual report for 1983.

The cost effectiveness
of total labour in the non-
agricultural sectors in-
creased by 0,068 percent
a year between 1970 and
1982.

A breakdown of this
showed Whites made a
positive contribution of
0,9299 percent a year,
while the other popula-
tion groups showed nega-
tive contributions: Blacks
— minus 0,6406 percent,
Coloureds — minus

62

0,1227. percent, and
‘Asians — minus 0,0986
percent.

Despite the recession,
nominal salaries and wag-
es continued to rise at a
high rate which was a ma-
jor contributor to the high
inflation rate experienced
in 1982/83, the NPI says.

In the manufacturing
sector, salaries and wage
rates increased by 17,7
percent in nominal terms
in the first quarter of 1983
(compared with the same
period in 1982). while la-
bour productivity de-
clined by about 4,5 per-
cent during the same
time.

‘A. significant relative
shift towards greater capi-
tal, rather than labour in-
tensive production meth-
ods, had taken place be-
tween 1970 and 1982.

In the non-agricultural
sectors, the capital labour
ratio was 56 percent high-
erin 1982 than in 1970.

SOUTH AFRICA


South African forces were beginning
their biggest raid into Angola in two
years when I left territory held by the
rebel movement Unita at the end of
last month.

From bases they established in An-
gola’s Cunene province, South African
forces with air and artillery support
fanned out through south-west Angola,
hitting bases of the South West African
Peoples’ Organisation.

The current South African offensive
is designed to frustrate the annual
rainy season offensive by Swapo into
Nambia.

Having returned so recently from
Angola, questions are fired at me about
the South African offensive. To which I
have to reply that I didn’t see it, but
saw an entirely different but perhaps
more significant one many hundreds of
kilometres further to the north.

While South Africa treats south-west

Angola as a shooting gallery in persuit
of Swapo guerillas, a civil war for An-
gola itself is being fought with fast-
growing intensity between Fapla Gov-
ernment forces and the army of Mr
Jonas Savimbi’s rebel movement,
Unita.
:A month before South Africa
launched its attacks against Swapo,
Unita began its biggest military offen-
sive yet which is designed to force the
Government to the negotiating table.

The Unita offensive is on five fronts.
To reach one front I travelled from
Unita’s general headquarters in the
‘south-east by truck 800 km into Angola
along the Savimbi Trail. The trail is a
network of tracks through the forests
of Central Angola which Unita uses to
transport war materials to the fighting
zones. Some 250 trucks ply the trail,
but Mr Savimbi expects to increase his
fleet to 400 by the scheduled end of the
current offensive next April.

The branch of the trail I followed
ended at Munhango, on the Benguela
Railway, the strategically important
British-owned rail line which neatly bi-
sects Angola into northern and south-
ern halves.

When I visited Unita territory ear-
lier in 1983 the Savimbi Trail ended
some 160km south of the Benguela
Railway.

From Munhango I trekked north of
the Benguela Railway for more than
160km through villages and country-
side entirely controlled by the rebels to
join Brigadier Geraldo Nunda, the 31-
year-old commander of Unita’s north-
ern military front.

Brigadier Nunda’s base was spread
over several square kilometres of for-
est.

Like many other Unita bases I have
seen it had a football pitch, military
parade ground, open-air theatre, hospi-.
tal, comrhapd centre and 5.
tions centre, as well as the dug-out huts
housing the troops. £0

Straight paths marked eatly by
bark-stripped stakes linked ithe differ-
ent parts of the camp, whil¢ overhead
droned Antonov aircraft ferrying sup-
plies from Luanda, the Angolan capi-,
tal, to the major town of Luena (for-
merly Luso) in eastern Angola where
Government and Cuban forces are cut
off by land and surrounded by rebel
forces, _

For three days I walked with Briga-
dier Nunda’s brigade of 2000 soldiers
across countryside resembling that de-
scribed by Rider Haggard in his novels
of Africa. There were high, rolling for-
ested hills scoured and interwoven by
cliffs and ravines clothed in delicate
curtains of green fern.

There were fast-flowing rivers,
crossed by rustic Unita bridges, and
waterfalls tumbling over cliffs.

We crossed big rivers, such as the
Cuango, a tributary of the mighty
Congo, by inflatable rubber dinghies
carried by the soldiers and by dug-out
canoes.

Before the attack on November 29
on the small town of Alto Chicapa,
about 160km north of Luena on the
road to Luanda, Geraldo Nunda briefed
the three battalions of his brigade
around a giant relief model of the town
constructed by intelligence officers
who had been gathering information
for four months.

Two battalions were used in the at-
tack with the third held in reserve. The
brigade moved on the town during the
night.

As the sun began to rise artillery
units pounded it from the west with
81mm mortar and 75 mm cannon fire.

Then 1000 infantrymen swept in
from the north, spraying a sheet of au-
tomatic rifle fire before them.

“It should all be over in an hour,”
Brigadier Nunda told his brigade at the
briefing. It took 40 minutes.

When I approached the town with
the command group, Fapla dead lit-
tered the ground to the north of Alto
Chicapa. In the main street Govern-
ment soldiers, bound and blindfolded,
were being interrogated by Unita intel-
ligence officers.

Most of the garrison, estimated at
700-strong before the attack, seemed to



CAPE VERDE

NEW SHIP REPAIR YARD ON SAO VICENTE DESCRIBED
Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 3 Dec 83 pp 6-7

[Article by Daniel dos Santos, including his interview with Leonildo Monteiro,
resident administrator of the Cape Verde Shipyard; date and place of interview
not specified]

[Text] "Unbelievable! The fact is that Matiota Beach is no
longer on the map."

"Oh, come on, man! Don't talk nonsense."
"Can't you see that Cape Verde has a shipyard now?"

To the reporter, who was dissatisfied with something that had
not gone right--he had no money with which to hire a taxi if
he had to go somewhere and, on top of that, would have no
place to stay--the above dialogue between two boys, overheard
on Marginal Avenue and carefully recorded in his notebook, has
a certain significance.

What it boils down to is delight on the one hand that Cape
Verde now has a shipyard (it is the country's biggest eco-
nomic undertaking to date and will keep that title for some
time to come) and, on the other, sadness and regret at the
disappearance of Matiota Beach, which is where the shipyard
was built.

The two boys continued their conversation, shifting from the
shipyard to soccer. As a rule, sorrow and joy are antago—
nistic: sorrow because there is no beach, but joy because
the shipyard, a big source of foreign exchange, exists.

The dedication of the shipyard was cause for celebration.

To tell the truth, the celebration began with the arrival of
the Derby soccer team, which had gone to Praia to win one
more trophy. Dozens of fans, some of them carrying team
flags, were giving Derby an ordinary and simple welcome.
There was nothing outstanding about it, but it was ardent
and lively.

16



Vanishing Credit

To tell the truth, the entire nation is idling. Taking into account all modes
of transportation, the number of passengers declined by half between 1973 and
1981. Several years after it went into service, several hundred Chinese experts
are still supervising the operation of the Tanzania-Zambia railroad line, the
Tazaza, whose freight traffic has not yet reached the break-even point. «A more
mundane detail is that, of the 212 garbage trucks owned by the municipality of
Dar-es-Salaam, only seven go back and forth across the capital.

For lack of foreign currency, Tanzania in 1983 consumed 570,000 tons of oil,
while its needs rose to about 850,000 tons. Three times in the course of the
year, the refinery, finding itself out of oil, had to interrupt its activities.
As for the three cement works, they are running at a third of their capacity.
The lack of domestic kerosene is forcing the population to use charcoal.

Faced with its insolvency, Tanzania's suppliers have given up signing long-term
supply contracts with it. Everything is now being negotiated on an impromptu
basis. Thus, a tanker was seen to wait 8 days in the harbor at Dar-es-Salaam
for its cargo to be paid for, before being unloaded. In such a critical situa-
tion, local authorities no longer have any real choice of trading partners.
Hence the scandal that was exposed in November by the OBSERVER, involving oil
deals with the Republic of South Africa. At the end of a rather embarrassed de-
nial, the government concluded that "even the most scrupulous nation can be de-
ceived." All of these blockages, errors and inadequacies are denounced by the
government and the press.

The fault, some say, is with the men who did not properly assimilate President
Nyerere's teachings, or who turned them to their own advantage. The fault also
lies with an international environment that annihilates the efforts of the poor-
est nations, notably the famous "deterioration in the terms of exchange," to
which Tanzanian leaders constantly refer. 'We will have to tighten our belts
for a very long time," the minister for the economy said recently. "But there
is no reason to panic, because many countries all over the world are facing the

same problems."
Negotiations with the IMF [International Monetary Fund]

The government has not remained inactive in the face of a decline that seemed to
be inexorable. The "economic survival plan" as well as the "structural adjust-
ment program" nevertheless yielded no significant result. But had their success
not been tied to substantial aid from the international organizations, notably
the International Monetary Fund, to the '"'diktats" that Tanzania rightly refuses
to abide by? .

Negotiations with the IMF have been dragging on since 1980. Before releasing
its funds it. is demanding from Tanzania that it put its economic affairs in or-
der again, and in depth, which means not stopping at a few appropriate measures.
On its list of "recommendations" there is, among others, a devaluation of the
shilling. The ratio of Tanzanian currency to the dollar should fall from 12.20
to 25 or 30. The government refuses to comply, fearing the socio-political con-
sequences of so rough a measure. Despite everything, it is not certain that
President Nyerere is forcing the IMF--which is his aim--to "change its way of
doing things."

80



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENT ON NAMIBIAN MULTIPARTY CONFERENCE
Laudable Example
(Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 23 Nov 83 p 6]

[Editorial]

[Text] The Multi-Party Conference [MPC] of Namibia started last week when
delegates of seven political parties assembled in Windhoek. The goal of
this conference is apparently to try to create some order in the political
chaos prevailing in that area.

There is no reason for anyone to doubt that the MPC will make purposeful
attempts to establish an interim government that can serve as a counter—
balance to Swapo in some future one-man, one-vote election.

The present conference is nothing less than a successor to past Turnhalle
discussions, the constitutional convention and the national convention, all
three of which failed. Consequently it can safely be predicted that this
attempt is also doomed to. failure.

The reason for this was already clear at the first session of the conference,
when leaders of the two black political parties demanded that imprisoned
Swapo leaders be freed. Of course, this demand was made to promote the
credibility of the leaders concerned among the black populace and is prob-
ably only the first in a whole series of such demands.

White political parties participating in the conference will have to ask
themselves whether they are willing to comply with such demands. If they
are prepared to do so, they will have to accept a big loss of white support
at the same time. Certainly no white political party will be willing to
commit suicide in such a calculated way, which only points out the futility

of such conferences.

HNP Serves White Interests
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 23 Nov 83 p 6
[Editorial]
[Text] What is especially significant is the participation of the Namibian
National Party [NP] in the performance. This party boasts that it is
willing to join in any dialogue with other groups as long as minority rights

53



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STRIKERS FIRED--ABOUT 180 striking workers at the OK Bazaars Hyperama in Sand-
ton, Johannesburg, were fired yesterday when they did not meet a midday dead~
line to return to work or be dismissed, a spokesman for OK said. They went on
strike four days ago in protest against the dismissal of a shop steward of the
Commercial Catering and Allied Workers’ Union. There was no chance of the
strikers being re-employed, commented Mr Keith Hartshorne, OK's industrial re-
lations officer. The company was presently assessing how many dismissed work-
ers would be replaced, he said. The strike began on Monday in protest against
the dismissal of the shop steward. The shop steward's appeal against his dis-
missal had been rejected, but "he was free to appeal to a higher authority in
the company in accordance with procedures agreed upon between the company and
the union". The union countered OK's statement that the "strikers had not
only rejected using the procedure for complaints negotiated with their union,
but were also acting illegally in terms of the Labour Relations Act". A union
spokesman said OK had in fact contravened the recognition agreement procedures
by not following proper procedure when dismissing the shop steward. "He was
entitled to representation, which they refused him. The workers also believed
he was being victimised because he was a shop steward and their elected repre-
sentative," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84

p 8]

MALAYS CLAIM VREDEDORP--Members of Johannesburg's Malay community claim there
is documentary proof that Vrededorp was given to them by Paul Kruger in the
late 1890's. Should the claim be substantiated by the document, said to be in
Cape Town, the members of this group representing Johannesburg's various
mosques, hope to revive Vrededorp as the traditional religious home of this
city's presently dispersed Malay community. Mr Cassiem Gassiep, the Mosque
Committee's treasurer, said although Vrededorp's Indian community had made
similar verbal claims, these must be discounted as Asians were not allowed
into the Transvaal at that time, in fact, he remakred, these people were only
granted free movement throughout South Africain the 1960's. Mr Gassiep also
emphasised that these opposing claims had caused no racial friction. The is-
sue was not a question of racial dominance in the area. "We are concerned
with the realneed for the Malay community to be reunited in one traditionally
Malay area. ‘Vrededorp houses the 23rd Street mosque which is unique in being
more than just a place of worship. It was built "by the people for the peo-
ple," and had a deep emotional significance, he explained. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jan 84 p 3]

77



ZAIRE

NGUZA KARL-I-BOND ON DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA
Brussels LE SOIR in French 27 Dec 83 pp 1, 3
[Brticle by Nguza Karl-I-Bond, former prime minister of Zaire/

Flext An oft-recurring question is whether democracy is valid or even pos-
sible for African countries.

In my opinion the question is badly put, for it masks the feeling that the
peoples of Africa have always lived in ignorance of democratic reality, or
simply that they are impervious to that type of political system. But the
history of Africa proves that traditional societies were founded on fairly
well defined democratic principles. The question should be put in terms
of what type of democracy would best suit the countries of Africa. It is
more a matter of applying democratic principles than of questioning them
anew.

It is mistaken to pretend that traditional African society was exclusively
one of bloodthirsty potentates with unlimited and uncontrolled powers. The
powwow is an historical fact which confirms that the African has always be-
lieved in the virtue of dialogue. So the problem is not one of teaching
democratic principles to our peoples, but rather one of creating machinery
which would permit the sovereignty of the people to be respected. The prin-
ciples of liberty, equality, and citizen participation in the management of
their society must allow the freely elected representatives of the people to
translate those principles into fact. Moreover, periodic renewal of elec-
toral mandates can constitute approval or, should the occasion arise, sanc-
tions by the people. In my book "Le Zaire de demain" (Antwerp, W. Soethoudt)
I wrote: "To accept an opposition thus seems to me to be above all a sign of
modesty, which is possible only if we do not confuse our own particular in-
terests with the higher interests of the nation we serve. It is not by
chance that the Greeks--for whom hubris, or pride, and excess were the worst
of human faults--were the major artisans of democracy."

In traditional African power structures that principle was guaranteed by
rules and by persons whose function it was to denounce excesses by the chief.
Democracy, even if limited to two or three trends of thought, is a sound
principle in politics.

83



SOUTH AFRICA

PROSPECTS FOR INCREASED GOLD, COMMODITIES EXPORTS REPORTED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Jan 84 p 26

[Text] SOUTH Africa could hardly afford a strong upswing in its domestic
economy without an accompanying increase in the gold price or its other ex-
ports in general, the Senior Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank, Dr Chris
Stals, said in Pretoria yesterday.

However, the prospects of a substantial increase in South Africa's gold and
other commodity exports during the course of 1984 were very good, he told
delegates to the fifth annual Agrocon Agricultural Outlook conference in
Pretoria.

In South Africa, the effects of the adverse international economic situation
were exacerbated by the serious drought in the country, with the real GDP de-
clining by 4-1/2 peréent during the first three-quarters of 1983, and produc-
tion for the year being about 3-1/2 percent lower than 1982, he said.

The decline in the domestic demand had been even more pronounced and the total
gross domestic expenditure declined by between six and seven percent.

Turning to the rand, Dr Stals said the effective exchange rate had depreciated
by 4,3 percent over the last year as a whole.

Movements in the exchange rate were, however, complicated by changes in the
relative values of currencies in world markets.

"During 1983, the rand, for example, depreciated by 11,6 percent against the
US dollar, but appreciated by one percent against the Deutschemark, and 9,2
percent against the French franc."

Drought conditions had cost South Africa, in terms of imports and exports, a
loss of foreign exchange for an amount of approximately R1,5 billion.

“Were it not for the drought, the balance of payments at this juncture would
have been much less vulnerable," Dr Stals said.

Huge demands on the Government for drought relief and other purposes, such as
the increased interest cost on the Government debt and higher wages and sal-
aries, had created a much larger "deficit before borrowing" than was antici-~
pated in the 1983/84 Budget.

60



After mentioning the construction of a bridge over the Buzi River as an example,
Zacarias Tivane drew attention to the massive return by the inhabitants to
their former communal villages as a result of the political work done by the
young soldiers. This was confirmed by Luis Isaia Tivane, secretary of the
Mecuse Circle Committee, who said: "These are people who were in the forest

and who are now returning. The biggest problem facing them is hunger and the
lack of clothing, although we have been receiving some from the provincial
organizations. As you know, life in the forest is tough. The bandits take

all the food and clothing away from people. We have been doing some work to
alleviate those problems.

"For people who returned quite some time ago, the problem is the lack of seed.
We have large areas of land that have been tilled for planting corn and other
crops, but we have no seed. And by now we should already be planting crops.

Atrocities

At the request of the reporters, Luis Isaia Tivane stepped back a little in
time to talk about the atrocities committed by the bandits in April, when
Mecuse was plundered. He told us: "The bandits began to fire their weapons
when they arrived here. They used machetes to murder the secretary of the
circle committee and other people and then started for my house. They didn't
find me because I had fled. They asked my wife where I was, and she said I
had gone to the town of Nhamatanda to buy some things. They went away, but
came back two more times. My wife always gave them the same answer.

"Before that, they (the bandits) had burned everything and kidnaped a few peo-
ple, especially young people from this circle. One woman refused to satisfy
their sexual appetites, so the bandits burned her genitals."

The statements by that party official were later confirmed by other people we
contacted. For example, Chara Mongete reported seeing them burn a relative's
houses even though the relative had acquiesced promptly when they told him to
accompany them. They are not people. "They don't act like normal people.
They are animals. It even seems to me that they are drugged. I don't believe
that a normal person would consent to do what they do."

In 3 February Communal Village

Impressive work has been done in just a few months by the Mozambique Armed
Forces and the local party and government structures in supervising and orga-
nizing the returning inhabitants. Luis’ Isaia Tivane says: "When people come
back, the first thing we do is make it possible for each person to have his
own house. And then we give him land for crops. And so the person begins to
organize his life. S

"You ask if there have not been problems? There have to be problems. Espe-
cially for children and old people. For young people, the problems are not so
great because they can begin all over again. But for old people, starting over
from scratch is always difficult. But with support from our soldiers, we man-
age to solve all the problems that face us from day to day."

33



COMMODITY REPORTS REFLECT GRIM OVERALL SCENE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 13

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

THE far-reaching’ and
long-term recovery
consequences of South
Africa’s worst drouglit
were spelled out clear-
ly in Pretoria yesterday
as the individual agri-
cultural industries re-
ported their status at
the Agricultural Out-
look Conference.

A spokesman for the
deciduous fruit industry
reported that total pro-
duction dropped last year
by 10,6 percent — from
554 088 tons to 495 385.

Apple exports were
particularly hard hit and
in the overall picture fruit
exports dropped from
R80,7-million in 1982 to
R17,6-million — 78 per-
cent.

The Maize Board said
it would be unfair of the
Government not to bear
any liability for losses on
the export of maize —and
warned that an “injudi-
cious” increase in prices
soon could shipwreck the
in fe

Maize for human con-
sumption was not an ex-
panding market and the
increase in the demand
for maize products did
not keep pace with the
annual population

growth.
“It therefore stands to

73

reason that rapid in-
creases in the prices of
maize products may lead
to a more rapid move-
ment away from them.
An injudicious increase in
maize prices, which form
an important part of the
cost structure of animal
products, may lead to a
decline in the market size
for these products and
again would eventually
harm maize sales.

Despite a severe de-
crease in banana plant-
ings in the Mist season, the
actual yield increased by
nearly 20 percent because
of improved production
methods.

The 1983 citrus crop
was the lowest in six years
and the second lowest in
the past 10 years — 18
percent smaller than the
record crop of 1981.

Nor, reported the Cit-
rus Exchange, were the

for 1984 very
favourable at this stage. It
was quite probable that
the industry would not be
able to supply the export
market, which in turn
would attract competitors
to fill the gap.

About 28 000 tons of
dry beans had to be im-
ported to satisfy local
market requirements.

The Oil Seeds Board
reported that while South

SOUTH AFRICA



While the effort to support returning inhabitants is observable in all the
localities we visited, the reality of that support is more palpable in the
3 February communal village, where the bridge crosses the Revue River.

When our news team arrived in that rural community, it was impressed by the de-
gree of. organization and neatness displayed by the local inhabitants. Accord-
ing to what we were told, all the basic structures--party and democratic mass
organizations--have already been established in the 3 February communal village,
and this makes it possible quickly to solve the problems faced by the inhabi-
tants.

Also already in operation are three schools in which the children of the vil-
lagers study. Alberto Matevele, a peasant who resides in that communal village,
said: "We want you to tell those people in Beira who fled from here that they
can come back to Revue--that nothing is going on here anymore."

11798
CSO: 3442/242

34



vious and In South Africa success Is achieved by the total lack
of understanding that exists in many levels. Perhaps the term
Total Onslaught has come to be accepted as just another par-
rot cry and disregarded.

Much of this attitude falls Into the short term Policy
category, it Is easier for business to kneel to outside pressures,
no decision need to be taken other than the application of the
old policy of appeasement. A good case in point here is an in-
ternational organisation that generates over 70% ‘of its profit
from South Africa that Is prepared to instantly buckle to
Pressure from the ‘paper’ organisations. Their once profitable
other African operations are fast becoming a Ilability but in
this respect they appear to be blinded and not able to accept
reality. In recent years there have been a number of parallels,
the Marxist take-over in Mozambique was at first supported by
business that quickly turned socialist in the hope that this
Volte-face would curry favour wtlh the new regime to enable

- them to continue their capitalist operations. Their complete

lack of sense of reality gave them a few months grace but
often resulted In a slowing down in their siphoning off of their
assets. So their loss was In fact even greater.

~ While recent spy trials, traltor trials that have taken place in
the Republic and the ‘computer story may have resulted in a
better grasp of the situation the desired minimum degree of
understanding Is still absent. At the same time the African Na-
tional Congress (ANC) ..has . been Fecelving an ‘ncreasing
amount of exposure from the media. Coupled to this have been
- allegations of atrocities cc.inmitted by members of the securlty
forces against the population in South West Africa. As the
evidence against “the security force members has been
presented ‘in ‘court’ it has tended to obscure South West
Peoples Organisation (SWAPO) actrocities that are constantly
being committed against the civil population with such a
degree of frequency that they have almost become a way of
life.

While these many instances’ of atrocities by SWAPO
members have been documented they have never been
brought before a court and thereby lack the indisputable
creditability given by the findings of independent court. The
SWAPO propoganda organisation and its affiliates both inside
and outside will be able to make maximum use of the evidence
led in the Windhoek Trial* to biacken the name of ALL
elements of the security forces.

One of the major diffculties in countering the KGB mounted
campaign Is that counter-propagandists immediately lay
themselves open to attack from the left with such allegations
such as “A Red under every Bed”. In fact the provoking of this
type of reaction is one of the tactics of the left and is part of
the campaign of subversion. This anticipated reaction by the
powerful forces that the Soviets are able to muster restrains
counter action, and is all the more formidable because of the
amount of support that they are, at first glance, able to claim.
The numerous support organisations, and their opinions
although minute in membership, always appear to be good for
extensive media coverage.

There Is little doubt that unknowing and indirect support for
ANC is being generated inside the Republic because many are

~ unable to comprehend just how the Total Onslaught is being
implemented. This lack of understanding is becoming evident

49



its smooth operation. While CABNAVE waa busy building the shipyard, the goy-
ernment was investing in the construction of peripheral infrastructures, chiefly
the water supply system. There is also the project for setting up a generating
set in the power plant, and that is underway. There are also the cold storage
facilities for INTERBASE (indispensable for attracting the fishing fleet), as
well as housing, roads, and soon.’ A telecommunications project is also under-
way. So there is a whole series of peripheral investments that the government
has had to make so that the shipyard can do its job.

VOZ DI POVO: What is this shipyard's capacity?

Leonildo Monteiro: As I.said, the shipyard can handle 110-meter-long yessels
of 6,500 dwt. It has six docks that can handle six vessels of different sizes.

VOZ DI POVO: What can you tell us about the commercial launching of the ship-
yard?

Leonildo Monteiro: The commercial launching of the shipyard was the responsi-~
bility of CABMAR. While CABMAR was busy building the shipyard, CABNAVE took
charge of its organization--that is, setting up the entire infrastructure,
training the national operating personnel to be employed in the shipyard, and
promoting the shipyard itself.

The first promotion took place in 1982 when we laid the cornerstone. We in-
vited foreign firms, representatives of classification societies and insurance
companies, and so on. And from that point on, they began to pay attention to
the shipyard. For its opening, a large number of people--potential customers——
were invited.

VOZ DI POVO: Maintaining the shipyard requires a high level of skill on the
part of the workers. What can you tell us about that?

Leonildo Monteiro: As you know, various contractors were in charge of con-
struction. CABMAR was in constant contact with the contractors, and they sup-
plied their own personnel. We cannot interfere with their personnel, since
each contractor is responsible for his own employees.

One of the facilities making up the enterprise is the Vocational Training Cen-
ter in Ribeira Juliao, where theoretical and practical courses are followed by
on-the-job training for the national work force that will be employed on ship
repairs. Those employees are recruited primarily from the technical school on
Sao Vicente. Parallel with that, CABNAVE is recruiting national cadres at vari-

ous levels.

VOZ DI POVO: Another problem facing the shipyard is competition from other
shipyards in the region. What do you think of this?

Leonildo Monteiro: Any enterprise serving the international market must expect
competition. The studies that were made indicated the advisability of building
this shipyard. In other words, there is room for one more shipyard in the
region. Now the problem is one of winning the market. Our competitors are

22



than the military one. Military action is indespensable, but only to lay
the foundation for a political solution. As long as this is excluded, even
the most outstanding military successes cannot have any lasting value.

The Israeli invasion of Lebanon has provided a telling example of this.
Militarily, Israel could not have fared better; its army did all that could
have been expected of it, and more. But that was not enough to ensure the
realization of Israeli aims, The political finishing touches were left out,
and the invasion of Lebanon has brought many problems for Israel, perhaps
even more than it solved.

Problems of an internal nature, too, because in contrast with the other wars
the Israelis have waged, the one in Lebanon has divided rather than united

the Israeli nation. And today in Israel, even in the highest military circles,
there is increasing pressure for a total withdrawal from Lebanon.

No matter what our soldiers achieve, they alone cannot put an end to the
lingering question of South-West Africa.

Let us examine the reasons for the invasion of Angola. First, it was meant
to make it more difficult for SWAPO to undertake its campaigns of murder and
devastation in South-West Africa.

Second, it was meant to weaken SWAPO's political power. It is obvious that
the SWAPO which can arouse a strong military impression--even though the
'‘military' capability is used in such a shameful manner--would be the SWAPO
which would fare that much better at the ballot box.

But the weakening of SWAPO's political influence by military action is not
enough to ensure that SWAPO not achieve political success if and when matters
in South-West Africa are decided through the ballot one day. For this reason,
a powerful political alternative to SWAPO is needed in South-West Africa.

Such an alternative has up to now been missing due to the lingering political
disunity in the territory. Numerous attempts have been made to overcome this,
eventually culminating in the holding of a multiparty conference.

In the 2 weeks of negotiations by the participants at the end of last year,
there was promising progress--to the considerable annoyance of SWAPO and its
collaborators. This should now be taken further. The conference is being
resumed today, a few days after the end of "Operation Askari."

1

It is now incumbent of the participants at the conference to place the political
crown on the achievement of the defense force. The defense force has given them
time. And the time is valuable, having been paid for dearly.

That time must now be used, quickly and effectively. It cannot be accepted that
the defense force will continue to buy time. After all, the ongoing battle
cannot be won in Angola; it must be won in South-West Africa, and the first
victory must be gained at the multiparty conference.

cso: 3401/48
52



"This deficit was, however, financed in a non-inflationary way by borrowing
from the non-banking sector, but contributed towards the need for higher in-
terest rates in the markets.

Turning to the international prospects for 1984, Dr Stals said it was unlikely
that the US dollar would remain as strong in foreign exchange markets as it
was now.

Economic recovery in other industrial countries had been fairly brittle up to

now, but in most cases indications were that further improvements would take
place in 1984.

"It may take some time before developing countries will repa the full benefit
from these changes, but commodity prices have already improved quite signifi-
cantly during the past year."

On the South African situation, Dr Stals said that in view of the vulnerable
balance of payments situation, the Republic could not allow its domestic ex-
penditure to increase too fast before its exports (of gold and/or other com-
modities) had increased substantially.

However, "the prospects for such an increase during the course of 1984 are
indeed very good."

CSO: 3400/570

61



MALI

Briefs
Japanese Aid Agreement

MOZAMBIQUE

Campaign To Oust Bandits From Sofala Province Described
(Antonio Sefane; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 28-30 Dec 83).......

Maringue District Center Destroyed
Rebuilding in Marinque
Grudja Encampment Dismantled

First Zimbabwe Cargo Train Unloads in Beira
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 25 Jan 84) wecncccees

Briefs
Sofala District Officials. Removed
Tete Official Addresses. Army
Zairian Ambassador Visits Gaza

NAMIBIA

Relations With South African Government
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Nov 83; DIE REPUBLIKEIN,
30 Nov 83).....6+

No Disagreement With PW
Cartoon on Botha Trip, by Dirty Gene Trajers

Commentary on Multi-Party Conference
(DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 18, 22 Nov 83; DIE BURGER,

a(n: )

Proper Beginning, Editorial
Resolution 435, Editorial
New Hope in Namibians' Politics?

Briefs
Cooperation With Botswana

SOUTH AFRICA

Radio Commentary on Value of U.S. Support
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 23 Jan 84). sete eee e wees

"Total Onslaught’ Campaign of Soviet 'Dis-Information’ Described
(ARMED FORCES, Dec 83/Jan 84).

27

28

35

36

36

37

40

44

45

47


It has been refreshing to hear how receptive and open-minded the Multi-
Party Conference politicians have been thus far in considering the problems
confronting the country.

One of the subjects which is being studied very thoroughly is Resolution 435.
That could not be otherwise, since this United Nations Security Council
resolution cannot simply be ignored.

This does not mean that Resolution 435 is a finality which cannot be
improved or replaced by something better.

It is not the fault of Namibia that this resolution had not yet been carried
out.

The Namibians have looked forward to the independence of their country with
great expectations and they were willing to cooperate with Western powers
and the UN in all regards.

But this was not enough! The big problem was that the UN was not fair; it
sabotaged its own plan, at the expense of the people of Namibia.

Consequently, it is only logical that the Namibians are now going to work
out their own future, Even if they accept the idea that Resolution 435 is
the only meaningful way to complete independence, it definitely is their
right to determine the conditions under which they believe that that resolu-
tion can be implemented.

!
The time has passed for good that solutions can simply be forced down the
throats of Namibians. If it were really a case of genuine solutions, it
would not be necessary to force it. But no one likes to swallow experi-
mental medicines merely for the sake of the experiment.

The Multi-Party Conference will show the greatest loyalty to Namibia by not
skipping or avoiding anything. It must remain critical to the end of things
it is to advise about. Only an attitude of "we have the right to consider
things critically" will lead to defensible solutions. ©

And if the Multi-Party Conference can point to proper procedures and truth,
it will be able to make its case to the whole world, if necessary.

Integrity is a powerful weapon. Especially since we must survive in a world
of moves and countermoves.
New Hope in Namibians' Politics?
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 1 Dec 83 p 25
[Column]

[Excerpt] Besides the wonderful nation-wide rains, the best tidbits of
political news come from Namibia.

41



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“Yup S33M FINIWIO? 310

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- YUUM S¥sisamamns

39

3401/35

12571
cso:



IMPALA PLATINUM REFINERIES STRUCK, BLACK WORKFORCE DISMISSED

NUM Snubbed
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 13 Jan 84 p 1
[Article by Joshua Raboroko]

{Text] ABOUT 1 500 mine workers at the Impala Platinum Refineries near
Springs yesterday went on strike after the sacking of seven colleagues and for
allegedly been called kaffirs by white supervisors.

This is the first time black miners go on strike since their union, the Na-
tional Union of Mineworkers, signed a recognition agreement with the Chamber
of Mines of South Africa.

In a separate incident thousands of black miners have threatened to go on
strike following the killing of two and injuring of another while they were
repairing a pylon at the Rietspruit Collieries near Witbank yesterday.

The dead miners were Mr Alpheus Makhaya and Mr Abram Nkosi, and the injured
worker is Mr Peter Nene, who is lying seriously ill at the Rand Mutual Hospi-
tal in Johannesburg.

Emotion-charged placard-carrying strikers at the Platinum Refineries, chanting
freedom songs and making black power salutes yesterday complained of assaults
and abuse by their supervisors who, they demand, be immediately replaced at
the plant.

Strict security was maintained following an incident in which a white warden
at the workers’ hostel was forced to leave the premises by the dwellers amid
shouts of "Amandla" and "United We Stand".

The miners told The SOWETAN that white supervisors often refer to them as kaf-
firs and ill-treat them. They have complained to management about the issues,
but to no avail. Their bosses are also, apparently, against the union.

Matters came to a head on Wednesday when a colleague was allegedly involved in

a fight with a white supervisor over the usage of kaffir and other working
conditions.

64



believe the two do not exchange
intelligence.
Further, although Unita main-

tains ‘a large guerilla force,in ,

Cunene Province, it has never
offered 'to take Western journal-
ists to the area to prove beyond
speculation that the rebels are
not benefiting directly from the
South African offensive into the
district,

Demanded

I put it to Mr Savimbi that
surely the South Africans had
demanded something from
Unita in return for supy
+ “Well,:the South Africans
ynever asked.me to sign any doc
‘ument. "But we are conscious of
the fact that ‘since they are -giv-
ing us aid they hope for co-oper-
ation in the future. It is.a law of
life.”

So what co- operation would

he give them?..-
* “Friendship. I ‘think that is
what they want. I would invite
SHE Pkigie Minister) Mr Botha
:to my own cami and receive
him as head of.

“Kaunda meet him on other
people’s'borders, But I will chal-
lenge him on, my ‘own ground.
And: when he ‘visit& me I will
not, I cannot, become. less black

‘And because I am willing to.
talk to South Africa does: not
mean I- believe: in- apartheid. I
cannot. Things must change. in
South Africa’ There are two
ways things can change there —
through reform or revolution.

“But I tell you that if there is
a revolution against the Boers
(sic) the consequences will be
unpredictable.

“Those people are incredibly
tough. They cannot be compared
to the Portuguese or the Rhode-
sians. There is no guarantee that,
a revolution in South Africa
would give power toa majority:

“A revolution in the Republic
will spill over into the rest of
Southern and Central Africa in
unpredictable ways. So I think
reforms are better in South
Africa.

“People say the current re-

. forms are cosmetic, but it needs
courage. to take’ the first step.

cso: 3400/565

"In international terms Angola is important because
Soviet and Cuban prestige is at stake.

Ideologically there is a fundamental clash between
the government’s Marxist-Leninist belief that a com-
plete transformation of Angolan society must be
brought about with the industrial proletariat as the van-
guard, and Unita’s belief that the central aim must be
an agricultural revolution which recognises the impor-
tance of the rural peasant majority and respect for
‘traditional culture and values.

A Cuban and Soviet withdrawal from Angola “would
have unpredictable consequences for their prestige on
the African continent and globally.
>’ It is hard,’ therefore, to believe they will relin-
quish | their tenuouw ~ on the country easily. 4 '

It is equally hard to imagine the South Africans.
‘will back down on their stand over the future of Nami-
, bia or that the rebels will give up their fight. 7
_. So the prospects for Angola in 1984 are for’ increased
+ bloodshed.

All those peasants and workers, for whom every-
one expresses such concern, had better save their
_dreams of peace.

No reform was ever completed
overnight, but a first step re-
‘quires a second step, and a sec-
onda third.”

It is controversial political
thinking like this which illus-
trates the. importance of the
struggle in Angola. i?
Committed

The present government is
committed to the philosophy of
“total onslaught” against South
Africa, giving shelter to Swapo
guerillas and also to guerillas of
the African National Congress.

The. consequences so far have

’ been onslaught in the reverse di-

rection.

Mr Savimbi is committed to
dialogue with Pretoria and a
peaceful evolution of South Afri-
ca’s internal policies. He be-
lieves that if he comes to power
in Angola, then, neighbouring
Zaire, Zambia, Botswana and, in
due course, Zimbabwe, would go

along with such a policy.

It would give each country
the opportunity it needs to con-
centrate on development, he
argues, and it would not hinder
the inevitable collapse of apart-
heid from its own inherent con-
tradictions and internal South
African pressures.



SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER URGES POLITICAL SOLUTION TO NAMIBIA ISSUE
MB211220 Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 18 Jan 84 p 10
["From My Political Pen" column by "Dawie": "Political Solution Now Vital"]

[Text] The South African Defense Force has once again distinguished itself
in Angola. It seems that in a certain sense its achievement this time was
even greater than in the past, because this time the South Africans were up
against a superior force. That the South Africans were able to repulse the
attack so successfully speaks volumes for their skill and bravery. South
Africa can be very proud of them. And grateful.

Unfortunately, too many people have grown overly accustomed to their troops
acquitting themselves so well. To them, it has become something to be
expected. They believe that it should be so, that it could not be otherwise,
that the South Africans must necessarily return from the battlefield with
flying colors every time. This detracts from the appreciation their achieve-
ments so greatly deserve.

There is another way, and it calls for consideration.

"Operation Askari" was the most recent in a series of operations into Angola,
which are becoming more drawn out. Time and again the defense force has
mounted expeditions against SWAPO bases, and each time they have hit the
terrorists hard. But sooner or later it becomes necessary to go after them
again.

Inevitably this has caused a good number of people--and it seems their numbers
are growing--to ask the question: How much longer? For how long will our
sons have to go and clean up things in Angola? How long can we keep this up?

This has led to the unthinkable of a while ago being held up as a possibility:
That South Africa ought to pull out of South-West Africa. And it is not only
the hostile-minded who think that way.

The South-West African situation has brought South Africa up against a crucial

fact of which all thinking people have been aware all along, but which has
become more valid. That is, there is a solution to this type of situation other

51



SOUTH AFRICA

EARLY RELEASE OF WRIGHT, MARAIS ANTICIPATED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 12

[Text] leased early in Feb-
DURBAN. — Hopes mary.
are high that Captain Last year it was re-
John Wight (36) and Mr ported by a Sunday
David Marais (35) may newspaper that the men
be released by the Mal- would be released on
agasy government on February 5, but this was
February 5. subsequently denied by

The Indian Ocean is- the Malagasy govern-
land authorities will not ment. .
comment on persistent The two men, to-
rumours that the two gether with an Ameri-
South Africans who can. Mr Ed Lapperman.
have been imprisoned were arrested by island
on the island for more authorities when they
than six years may be were forced to land
released next month. there after their Cessna

But expectations that aircraft ran out of fuel.

the two men, who were Mr Lapperman was
convicted by a military released 18 months ago
tribunal for gun-running after negotiations be-
and espionage. rose at tween the US Consul on
the weekend when a the island and the auth-
Red Cross official from _ orities.
Nairobi, Kenya, left the Mr Lapperman was
island after discussing wanted for questioning
the release of the men in South Africa in con-
with Malagasy govern- nection of diamond
ment officials. smuggling.

Before leaving the is- The release of the
land he told at least men will be negotiated
three sources in Tana- by the Red Cross as
narive, the capital of South Africa has no di-
Malagasy, that there rect diplomatic contact
was a good chance the with the Malagasy gov-
two men would be re- ernment.

cso: 3400/570

57



popular resistance. We were about to declare independence and at that time
the Pretoria regime, which was already working with the UNITA renegades,
launched a huge aggression against the country with a view of annihilating
the MPLA and installing their puppets in power.

In a matter of weeks the well-trained units of the racist army, counting on
the support of the United States, advanced from illegally occupied Namibia

to the central part of southern Angola while devastating everything they came
across. However, the emerging People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of
Angola [FAPLA] managed to repulse the enemy at the expense of many sacrifices,
and independence was proclaimed before Africa and the world. With the help
of Cuban internationalists, the USSR, and progressive African countries,
coupled with the indomitable desire of the Angolan people to not see their
victory frustrated, we managed to neutralize the plans of imperialism.

To the north, the invading colums were destroyed and returned to their point
of origin as fast as they had come in search of false glories. To the south,
the racist South African army, believing in what was regarded as its undefeat-
able superiority and skills, was defeated and forced to withdraw shamelessly.

Ironically, the imperialists have so far failed to learn the lesson. On the
contrary, while enjoying favorable international circumstances such as the
growing anticommunist hysteria in the United States, the Pretoria regime has
launched increasingly violent aggressions against the People's Republic of
Angola with the aim of destroying the revolution that is taking place in our
country.

l
In August 1981 it launched an unprecedented offensive which resulted in the
occupation of important parts of the national territory, which South Africa
transformed into springboards for the puppet groups--its complementary force.
At one stage, such groups managed to mislead the least motivated among our
forces, thanks to the spectacular actions that were always carried out under
the direct coordination of the Pretoria strategists. If certain propaganda
circles in the West called this victory, they forgot to characterize the
context in which such actions occurred. Above all, it was a skillful diver-
sionist maneuver which was orchestrated with the aim of romanticizing mere
renegades and puppets for the benefit of a public which is fascinated with
the exotic image of alleged guerrillas moving through the bush as |
Edgar Rice Burroughs idealized in Tarzan's adventures.

It was as we predicted. Soon after the emergence of the first concrete re-
sults from the general mobilization, declared on 23 August 1983 by

Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos with an aim of annihilating the
puppets, South Africa launched a large-scale aggression against our country.
This aggression is important because of the means that were employed. ~ With
an aim of protecting its proteges from a crippling blow by FAPLA forces,
South Africa is still carrying out its objective of widening the occupied
areas of the Angolan territory. This is a macabre plan which concerns all
Angolans.

i



JPRS-SSA- 84-018

6 February 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

ANGOLA

British Journalist Describes Visit to Battlefront
(Fred Bridgland; THE STAR, various dates)...

Almeida Chronicles RSA Aggressions
(Roberto de Almeida; Luanda Domestic Service,
19 Jan 84) cece ccccceececcscecceceecescececeescesccecesesees LO

Official Visits Bie Provincial Municipalities

(Luanda Domestic Service, 22 Jan 84) ....cccceccceseccccces . 13
Briefs
GDR Aid to Angola 14
Labor Ministry Officials Reshuffled 14
Anti-Apartheid Delegation Visits 14
CAPE VERDE
New Ship Repair Yard on Sao Vicente Described
(Daniel dos Santos; VOZ DI POVO, 3 Dec 83)..........eeeeee 16
ETHIOPIA
Third Council Meeting of AETU Ends
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 7 Jan 84)...6..eseeeeeeeeeees 24
Republic of Korea Donates Photo Lab Equipment
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 6 Jan 84) ......eeeeeeeeeeeeees 25
Briefs
Educational Meeting in Key-Bahr 26
Swedish Health Aid 26
-ae- (III - NE & A = 120]



Forward Post

A team of national reporters recently visited the zones formerly affected by
armed banditry in Nhamatanda--specifically Mecuse, Chibuto Comercial, and the
3 February communal village on the right bank of the Revue River. Zacarias
Tivane greeted the special correspondents from the DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE,
NOTICIAS, Radio Mozambique, TEMPO, and KUXA KANEMA at the forward command post
in Nhamatanda. Carefully tended field tents and huts were spread out over a
radius of dozens of meters under leafy trees.

The political commissioner of the Sofala Provincial Military Command spread a
military map on the ground and pointed to the bandit encampments destroyed by
the Mozambican Army in the villages of Grudja, Matondo, and Machanga. Zacarias
Tivane said: "We had to do a lot of work, and our armed forces conducted them-
selves heroically in pursuing and killing the enemy. After some of the battles,
we found from 9 to 12 corpses abandoned in the field."

Zacarias Tivane explained, however, that since the bandits usually carry away
the bodies of those killed by our troops, there is reason to believe that the
number of enemy casualties is greater than that.

South Africans and Israelis

In the opinion of the political commissioner of the Sofala Provincial Military
Command, the armed bandits survive thanks to the human and material resources
made available to them by the South African racists. He said: "The bandits
have no support among the people. When they come to a village or locality,
they rob, kill, and steal the property of the inhabitants. And they force peo-
ple to go with them to their encampments for two purposes: first, to carry the
items they have stolen from the inhabitants by force of arms, and second, to
serve as their shields during our offensives."

On the specific subject of the logistic and military support given to the ban-
dits by Pretoria, Zacarias Tivane told us that aircraft have been seen flying
over this region in the direction of Gorongosa, where they drop various weapons
and other materiel by parachute. The regime of. apartheid uses the same method
for the infiltration of national territory, and especially this region, by the
South African military.

He continued: "In addition, we have noted active participation by Israelis in
leading the bandits militarily. How? Thanks to documents we have captured
during the fighting and because of the dead bodies hastily abandoned on the
battlefield."

Political Work

According to that senior officer in the FAM-FPLM, the mission of young Mozambi-
can soldiers on the battlefronts involves more than simply fighting the enemy
physically. He said that our armed forces also engage in political work among
the returning inhabitants by explaining the causes and objectives of armed
banditry to them. They also participate directly in rebuilding the economic
and social infrastructures destroyed by Pretoria's proteges.

32



cso:

African peanuts had be-
come a very popular
product overseas, ae
drought -had resulted in
massive drops in this and
other crops — so much so
that on the international
market the gap was being
taken by other growers
and South Africa would
have to rebuild markets.

Cotton farmers com-
plained about the inad-
equacy of the present cot-
ton scheme and the fact
that the cotton board
could only take ad hoc
control measures to elimi-
nate problems — and
then only in the short
term.
South. Africa is facing
the grim prospect of sub-
stantial and unmanage-
able surplusses of wheat
as more maize farmers
switch to wheat planting.

Because of the severe
drought only 1 456 000
tons was exported with
the balance being carried
cover to supplement the
expected shortfall in local
consumption.

‘The carry-over stocks
of 1,06-million tons, plus
the estimated crop of

3400/570

%

1,56-million tons should
be sufficient for the coun-
try’s needs ahead of about
1,88-million tons — and
give a carry-over at the
end of the 1983/84 season
of 0,74-million tons.

South Africa’s State-
protected and much criti-
cised fertiliser industry is
gearing up to withstand a
siege of free market price
competition internat-
ionally following the abo-
lition of price and import
controls, the conference
was told.

A special report listed
current overseas prices
for various fertiliser con-
stituents putting —_ the
South African equivalents
in an unfavourable light
pricewise.

Local prices after the
phasing out would not
only be subject to varia-
tions in international
Prices, but also to varying
rates of exchange. This
would mean that the local
prices of fertiliser could
vary from month to
month.



Repairs on ships afloat can be carried gut next to the berth that was built and
equipped for that purpose. The berth is 140. meters long, with a depth alongside
of 6 meters.

CABNAVE, the enterprise authorized to operate the shipyard commercially for an
initial period of 15 years under a leasing contract, employs 240 workers, 139
of whom were given vocational training in July 1983. The plan is to increase
the number of personnel to 700 in 1986, which is when the shipyard will reach
its full operating capacity.

In the field of shipbuilding, CABNAVE plans to build ships with the help of the
Scheepswerf De Waal Corporation.

Interview With Administrator Leonildo Monteiro

Engineer Leonildo Monteiro, general director of CABMAR and
resident administrator of CABNAVE, granted our newspaper an
interview in which he analyzed several matters related to
the shipyard: specifically, the project itself, its commer-
cial launching, and the training of cadres. Here is that
interview.

Leonildo Monteiro: When all is said and done, the Cape Verde Shipyard is the
result of an old idea for building a shipyard. That original plan, which dates
back to the colonial era, called for a larger shipyard, but because of changes
in the international situation in merchant shipping--chiefly as regards the
transportation of petroleum--it was never carried out.

After national independence, the government was concerned to boost Cape Verde's
economy, and it drew up the plan for what is now the shipyard. That plan, the
idea for which had been resurrected in early 1976, had to be evaluated, and
economic-financial feasibility studies were conducted in terms of the market
that could currently be attracted to that type of activity in Cape Verde.

Thus emerged the idea for the shipyard on Sao Vicente. Why Sao Vicente? Pre-
cisely because the same study indicated that Sao Vicente was the most suitable
site for the kind of customers we were looking for.

VOZ DI POVO: Has the shipyard project been completely carried out?

Leonildo Monteiro: Yes, it has. The shipyard, with the facilities it comprises,
is practically complete, with the exception of a few final touches that in no
way hinder its operation. Putting it simply, the facilities at this shipyard
are designed to permit the addition of a second stage in the future. That stage
would consist of building a floating dock to handle bigger vessels. Obviously,
going ahead with that second stage will depend on market developments’ themselves
and the worldwide economic situation, because our shipyard is intended to pro-
vide service for the international market.

VOZ DI POVO: The shipyard project is expensive. What did the project consist
of?

20



NOTE

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are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CUBAN-NAMIBIAN LINKAGE REJECTED--West German delegates visiting Zimbabwe say a
Cuban withdrawal from Angola should not be linked to Namibian independence.

The leader of the parliamentary delegation, Alwin Bruck, says that his govern-
ment wants both East and West to boycott South Africa entirely, and they should
all do it at the same time. Bruck says West Germany was not aware of how bad
South Africa's destabilization efforts were until the delegation met with
Lesotho's minister of foreign affairs. The delegation will visit Zambia and
Angola before returning to West Germany. [Text] [MB271942 Umtata Capital Radio
in English 1900 GMI 27 Jan 84]

MUTARE CITY COUNCIL RESIGNATION--ZANU-PF chairman for Manicaland Province,
Comrade Edgar Tekere, has applauded Tuesday's resignation of the Mutare City
Council. Comrade Tekere told ZIANA that he is glad that the council dissolved, .
because the electorate did not reconcile with the elected officials. He said
he does not want to lead a divided city. Comrade Tekere said in his capacity
as chairman of the province, he will investigate allegations of corruption
leveled against the outgoing council. The resignation of the council, together
with that of the mayor, Councillor Davidson Jahwi, came in the wake of
demonstrations against the council by women recently. The prime minister,
Comrade Robert Mugabe, said yesterday that he sees nothing wrong with the
women's demonstration because they were seeking the removal of a council they
no longer wish to have. [Text] [MB260916 Harare Domestic Service in English
0600 GMI 26 Jan 84]

cso: 3400/587 END

89



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH BOTSWANA--Namibia and Botswana are going to cooperate in
order to protect wildlife better in eastern Caprivi and northern Botswana
and to capture ivory smugglers. This good news follows a sudden meeting
this week between top conservationists from both areas. A plan of action
was discussed in Gaberone, This meeting is considered a breakthrough.
Cooperation had not been successful in the past. Incidents on the Botswana
border had confused matters. Proposals. Arrangements for the meeting were
made by the Southern African Soil and Nature Conservation Committee, Mr
Allan Britgens of Pretoria, head secretary of the conservation group,
presided over the meeting in Botswana. The three men from Namibia were led
by Mr Polla Swart, director of conservation. Accompanying him were Mr
Stoffel Rocher, assistant director in charge of law enforcement, and Mr
Daantjie Grobbelaar, in command of conservation in eastern Caprivi. Mr
Swart told RAPPORT that proposals concerning illegal hunting and smuggling
would be submitted to the governments of the various regions. In Namibia
the security-force will also be consulted on the coordinated attempt.
[Text] [Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 4 Dec 83 p 2] 12571

cso: 3401/35

44



MOZAMBIQUE

CAMPAIGN TO OUST BANDITS FROM SOFALA PROVINCE DESCRIBED

Maringue District Center Destroyed
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 28 Dec 83 p 3

[Article by Antonio Sefane]

[Text] Armed bandits were recently driven from the Maringue District adminis-
trative center thanks to victorious military operations by the Mozambique Armed
Forces [FAM]-FPLM [Popular Forces for the Liberation of Mozambique]. Horacio
Sande Cubera, an officer in the FAM-FPLM who participated in the military of-
fensive to expel the bandits from the administrative center of that district in
Sofala Province, told the DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE: "The enemy left in a rout,
leaving behind on the battlefield several dead, miscellaneous military equip-
ment, and property that had been taken from the inhabitants by force."

The military operation to expel the armed bandits from Maringue began in early
September with the concentration of a contingent of our armed forces in Sena,
also in Sofala Province. During the advance on Maringue, the first battle took
place 8 kilometers from the administrative center of the Sena District, with
the Mozambique Armed Forces destroying an enemy encampment and killing six ban-
dits. Horacio Sande says that based on clues picked up in the field, it can be
presumed that the number of enemy casualties was higher than the number of
bodies hastily abandoned in the field would indicate.

Horacio Sande continued: "In the Jone zone, we came across another enemy force
and destroyed its encampment." Fifteen armed bandits were found dead on the
battlefield, and a 60-mm mortar was captured.

During their advance, the Mozambique Armed Forces fought other battles in the
Macoco and Nhassapa zones where, in addition to destroying the encampments
there, they killed six enemy fighters and captured weapons and ammunition.

Horacio Sande adds that at that point, the FAM-FPLM contingent received orders
to return to its base area and then advance on Nhangalele. There the Mozambique
Armed Forces divided into two groups. One group advanced along the road, and
the other went through the Chicuma zone. In both places--Chicuma and
Nhangalele--the army attacked and destroyed enemy encampments.

28



NAMIBIA

RELATIONS WITH SOUTH AFRICAN GOVERNMENT
No Disagreement With PW
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Nov 83 p 31

[Text] Newspaper with conjecture about a possible court case between the
Namibian White Administration and the South African government are malicious,
says Mr Kosie Pretorius, leader of the National Party [NP] of Namibia.

Mr Pretorius was approached for comment as a result of newspaper reports
that his party had sought legal opinion on the recession of certain powers
of the White Legislative Assembly. According to these reports, it would
lead to a court action between the assembly and the government.

No Complaint

{
He does not foresee a suit because there "is no complaint", Mr Pretorius
stated. "We sought legal opinion in order to reassure ourselves that our
standpoints are correct, not in preparation for court- action. Newspapers in
South Africa which report that are malicious."

In response to the question whether he foresees a curtailment in the future
of the Legislative Assembly's rights by the government, Mr Pretorius stated
that legal opinion was only sought on the "concept of the right of self-
determination of peoples".

The Executive Committee, Mr Pretorius said, adopted a decision on 10 Febru-
ary to seek legal opinion, among other things on the right of self-determina-
tion of peoples as it is meant to be carried out under the conditions of

the original mandate, the South African government's position as stated in
the publication South West Africa Survey of 1967, the UN Charter and the
current opinions of the international community on the pattern’ of multi-
national society.

No Disagreement

His standpoint is that the powers of the Legislative Assembly may not be
diminished without consulting the assembly, Mr Pretorius said.

37



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

DEATHS IN PRISON--The "Zairian Committee" of opposition members exiled in
Belgium, ina statement issued Friday 23 December in Brussels, declared some
30 prisoners have died of starvation in Zairian prisons, and several dozen
others are in desperate condition. Funds to buy food for the prisoners
reportedly have not been increased since the 486 percent devaluation of
Zairian currency on 10 September (AFP) [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French
25-26 Dec 83 p 3] 6145

DENIAL OF PRISONER'S DEATHS--The Zairian Embassy in Paris on Sunday 25 December
denied charges by the "Zairian Committee" that some 30 prisoners have died

of starvation in Kinshasa. The Zairian charge d'affaires declared: "It

is time the world knew that behind the Zairian Committee is an interest group
claiming to be composed of Zairian opposition members, and whose sole purpose
is to undermine efforts undertaken by President Mobutu Sese Seko to reform
economic and social conditions in his country." (AFP) [Excerpt] [Paris LE
MONDE in French 27 Dec 83 p 4] 6145

CSO: 3419/256

87



Dakar, Las Palmas, and Abidjan. I must say that our stiffest competitors are
the shipyards in Las Palmas and Abidjan.

VOZ DI POVO: On the guest list, it is easy to spot representatives of classi-
fication societies and insurance companies. Do you feel that that is because
the awareness of the customers has been increased?

Leonildo Monteiro: It is not really a matter of making the customers aware of

the market. We are taking advantage of this opportunity to make a commercial
impact. Our purpose is to make the ceremony pay commercial dividends.

11798
CSO; 3442/238

23



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

REFUGEES IN RESTRICTED AREAS--Minister of State for Home Affairs, Chief
(Nessie Nkomishi), has said that refugees being kept in Zambia have no access
to firearms, because they are kept mostly in restricted areas. Speaking in
parliament, when she answered questions concerning refugees in the country,
the minister also said her ministry was not aware of any poaching activities
engaged in by some refugees, as claimed by some members of parliament. She
said there were 103,306 refugees in Zambia scattered at locations including
(Mahera) in North Western Province, (Wenyukwanyikwa) in Western Province, and
in urban areas. Chief (Nessie Nkomishi) said those in restricted areas have
to seek permission to leave their camps, and are issued with identity cards
by her ministry because they are not allowed to wonder about. [Text]
[MB261000 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 25 Jan 84]

cso: 3400/586

88



Western newspaper correspondent,
added his own comments:

“Seen from the ground in Angola
that victory (for the government) ap-
pears remote.

“Tf the conflict persists at its present
level and continues to escalate, the
leadership in Luanda may well be

~forced to reverse the present stance
and accommodate Jonas Savimbi.

“And the longer they wait the more
it will be possible for him to dictate his
own terms.”

Matatu, writing in the magazine
Africa, offered a partial picture of why
things have become so difficult for the
government.

The country’s road and rail networks
have been paralysed by ambushes and
landmines.

Nearly 500000 people (of a popula-
tion of six million) have become refu-
gees from the war in their own country
and they live in destitution.

The economic resources of the coun-
try are being steadily sapped by the
war. Defence spending is the largest
item in the national budget, eating up
more than 40 percent of Angola’s for-
eign currency earnings.

Even where the economy does func-
tion, it is with chronic inefficiency. In a
well-researched article from Angola’s
diamond mines last October, Richard
Dowden of The Times wrote:

“Angola has a serious smuggling
problem. According to Senor Alberto
Bento Ribeiro, the Minister of Industry,
Angola has lost more than R120 million
in diamond revenue over the past 18
months through smuggling, possibly a
third of total production.

“Diamang ‘(the Angolan State dia-
mond mining company) will make: no
profit this financial-year — an extraor-
dinary situation for a diamond pro-
ducer.”

The Unita campaign to cripple the
Benguela Railway, which once tran-
sported copper and cobalt “from Zaire
and Zambia to the Atlantic, is costing
the Government more than R100 mil-
lion a year in lost transit fees.

Food-exporter

Before independence Angola was a
food-exporting nation. Now, largely be-
cause of bad management, the country
imports 90 percent of its needs.

Angolan money has become virtual-
ly worthless because of high inflation

with barter becoming favoured over
official currency transations.

The economic difficulties pose an-
other problem — morale among gov-
ernment troops.

Mr Savimbi and other Unita officials
certainly argue that one of their trump
cards is the collapsing morale of gov-
ernment soldiers.

From what I saw of the battle for
Alto Chicapa last November 29 there
seems to be some truth in this claim.

I suspect the battle for Alto Chicapa
was over before it began.

The garrison had no grain and was
down to its last few tins of pork lun-
cheon meat. The tinned meat was
being supplemented by a diet of green
mangoes and bananas.

There was no electricity. The power
station generator was in working
order, but there was no diesel fuel to
drive it.

There was no running water because
of the lack of electricity to pump water
from the river to the town reservoir.
Toilets in the barracks and in the gra-
cious stucco~colonial houses, occupied
by officers, were hideously blocked.

The only transport possessed by the
garrison were two trucks without
wheels.

One prisoner, a Sergeant Andre (22),
commander of a platoon of 50 men,
said three of his soldiers and 120 from
the garrison as a whole had deserted.

The sergeant, who may of course
have been considering what his captors
would like to hear, went on: “They
were leaving. because of hunger. It is
three months since trucks last reached
us with supplies.

Trump card

“In many cases we were having to
survive by stealing.

“When the local population caught
Fapla forces stealing, they attacked us
with bows and arrows and guns. We
weren't supplied regularly with food
because we had no Cubans or East
Germans with us.”

The disintegration of MPLA morale
«may be one trump card for Unita.”

The reluctance of the government’s
Cuban allies to come out of the major
towns and fight is undoubtedly another.

“We are preparing for the assault on
the towns because there will come a
moment when it is politically impor-
tant to take them, but we will have to
pay a high price in lives.”



FOURTH SOWETAN COUNCILLOR FIREBOMBED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 5

[Text]

cso:

3400/570

MR S M Tshabalala be-
came the fourth Sowetan
councillor this week to
fall victim to a gang of ar-
sonists whose method of
operation is to hurl petro!
bombs through their vic-
tims’ bedroom windows
during the early hours of
the morning.

Brigadier DJD Jacobs,
of the Soweto CID, said
Mr Tshabalala was taken
to the Baragwanath Hos-
pital yesterday morning
where he received 16
stitches in a hand which
he injured while trying to
douse the flames.

At about 2am three pe-
trol bombs .were hurled
through the windows of
Mr -Tshabala’s Emdeni
home while'a fourth hit a
van which was parked in
the driveway.

“Although,the damage
to the house was neglig-
ible Mr Tshabala burt his
hand while trying to pre-
vent the fire from spread-
ing,” said Brig Jacobs.

59

According to the briga-
dier the series, pf petrol
bombings; were “an at-
tempt to intimidate the
various cduncillors”.

At about the same time
on Wednesday morning
two petrol bombs ex-
Ploded on the veranda or
the home of Mr Patrick
Gaboutloeloe, also im
Emdeni. The fire was put
out before causing darn-
age and no one was in-
jured

This was the sccouu
time arsonists had struck
at his home. About two
months ago a bomb was
thrown through a window
causing slight damage.

The other two coun-
cillors whose homes were
petrol-bombed this week
are the Mayor of Soweto,
Mr Ephriam Tshabalala
and Mr IB Mashao of
Dobsonville.

Brig JJ Viktor, Head of
the Soweto CID, said all
four attacks had followed
asimilar pattern.

SOUTH AFRICA



WATER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENTS DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Jan 84 p 13

[Text]

cso:

3400/570

DURBAN. — a R250
million water tunnel
carrying supplementary’
supplies from the Umko-
maas River to Midmar
Dam will be constructed
as the final phase of a pro-
ject designed to link sev-
eral catchment areas for
the Durban and Pieter-
maritzburg areas.

Mr Fred Munro, Circle
Engineer for the Directo-
rate of Water affairs in
Durban, said the recently
commissioned Mooi Riv-
er emergency pumping
scheme formed the first
phase of a four-part oper-
ation and was currently
boosting the level of Mid-
mar Dam at a rate of
3 400 litres a second. The
second phase of the
scheme included raising
the level of the wall at
Midmar Dam to cope
with extra supplies.

Extra storage facilities
would be built on the
Mooi River and pump ca-
pacities would be  in-

75

creased as part of the next
phase.

A tunnel from the Um-
komaas River to tap an

almost “untouched”
catchment © area would
alsobe built. ~

“The tunnel will be
large enough to enable us
to stop using the Mooi
River pumping scheme,”
Mr Munrosaid.

He Said the completion
of the R65 million Inanda
Dam, nedr Hillcrest,
would provide Durban
and Pietermaritzburg
with enough water for at
least 40 years.

He was confident that
work on the dam, with a
planned capacity of 225
billion litres, would start
son.

The dam, on the Um-
geni River in the Valley
of a. Thousand Hills,
would be capable of tap-
ping large quantities of
water currently running
to waste and should be
completed by 1989.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMENTARY ON VALUE OF U.S. SUPPORT
MB230703 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 23 Jan 84
[Station commentary ]

[Text] South Africans are warned every so often not to mistake the U.S.
policy of constructive engagement for approval of the status quo in this
country or its relations with its neighbors. The warnings would make sense
if, in fact, there were widespread misapprehensions on that score. That is
not the case, however; and in any event, most South Africans themselves are
not only aware of shortcomings, but have repeatedly demonstrated their
support for the reforms that are being made. In those circumstances, the
warmings merely obscure the extent to which the undoubted changes in American
policy under President Reagan may facilitate the process, both in domestic
affairs and regional relations.

Especially misleading is the claim, made by some of the speakers at an
American-South African conference in Pietersmaritzburg last week, that there
has been no real change since the Carter administretion. The goals remain
Southern African stability, greater social justice in South Africa, and a
South-West African settlement. That may be true, but it has never been at
issue. The disputes of the past concerned assumptions and actions that,

far from promoting those ends, frustrated them. They concemed the definition
of conflict in Southern Africa as essentially a black-white struggle, and

of the Cuban presence in Angola as a stabilizing force, and the belief that
the goals could, and should, be achieved through confrontation with South
Africa.

That has changed profoundly. A starting point was acknowledgment of the
complexity of South Africa's race politics--its awesome challenges, in

Dr Chester Crocker's phrase. In that situation, President Reagan said in his
first policy statement on the subject the United States should be helpful
rather than obstructionist, in respect of the reforms that were in progress
inside the country, The stand was part of a broader strategy for South Africa,
establishing a stable, cooperative order based on the need to protect American
strategic interests in a region that was under threat from Soviet expansionism.

45



"TOTAL ONSLAUGHT’ CAMPAIGN OF SOVIET‘ DIS-INFORMATION' DESCRIBED

Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Dec 83/Jan 84 pp 9-10

[Article:

[Text]

"Total Onslaught!"]

@ What is it?
@ It has no parameters

@ It is largely based on the dis-information
campaign

@ It is designed to gather support’

Itd4s not easy to describe the Soviet KGB orchestrated at-
tack against South Africa as’so many techniques are
employed to achieve thelr desired results. The attack has
reached such a scale that many are cowed into suppor-
‘ting aspects of the programme through fear of being
labelled by thelr supporting lobby. This lobby Is able to
actually obtain support for organisations such as the
African national Congress (ANC) even though in certain
instances It operates under.a very flimsy cover. The
overall application of the attack Is poorly understood,
perhaps the term ‘Total Onslaught’ Is too direct and con-
Jures up ideas of military might, instead of an insidious
approach designed to weaken independent action
through fears, such as being out of step with popular
thought. The ‘popular thought’ being a creation of KGB.

The cornerstone of the Total Onslaught against South Africa is
Soviet KGB's campaign of Dis-information. The all embracing
term of Total Onslaught Is not definite enough to explain what
Js actually taking place and without specific examples of how
the International Section of the KGB Implements its tactical
decisions It would be unrealistic to expect the average citizen
to appreciate the scope of this campaign of subversion. This
campaign of dis-information is one of two attacks being
mounted against the Republic, the other is the steady bulld-up
of military equipment in the Sub-Saharan States from Soviet

sources that Is creating the conventional military threat.

47

SOUTH AFRICA



ANGOLA

ALMEIDA CHRONICLES RSA AGGRESSIONS

¥MB200705 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMI 19 Jan 84

[Speech by Roberto de Almeida, secretary for ideology of the MPLA-Labor Party
Central Committee at a ceremony held in Luanda on 18 February to mark the
23d anniversary of the beginning of the armed struggle for national liberation]

[Excerpts] In the history of each people there are dates which, in view of
their importance, have become lasting symbols of collective determination. For
us Angolans, one such date is undoubtedly 4 February 1961, the 23d anniversary
of which we will celebrate within days. Let us recall, comrades, that it

was on this date that gallant MPLA combatants, interpreting the most profound
feelings of all the people and armed with simple pangas, dared to challenge
the Portuguese colonial giant thus beginning an unequal but just fight which
would result victorious.

Comrades, the events that we have dealt with today deserve a great deal of
reflection from all of us. It is a unique episode in the history of our people
which culminated with freedom and national independence--the most precious
commodity that each one of us has. This is even more important when, at this
moment, imperialist forces are attempting to row against the tide with a
desire of depriving us of the trophies that our people have gained in hard

and long battles.

I would like to quote the late comrade president, Agostinho Neto, to recall
that we have our own identity. For 5 longcenturies our people were victim
of an (?abominal) colonial domination, but we resisted and won. That is why
(Muzingambande), (Ekwikwi), (Manduno), Hoje Ayenda, (Deolinga Rodrigues) ,
(Dandula) and [words indistinct]. The murderous fury of the colonial enemy
proved to be futile, because it failed to prevent the coming of the rain and
the flourishing of national independence and the taste of freedom and victory
from the corpses and tombs of our heroes.

Today our country is victim of aggression by the most barbaric enemy of the
peoples of Africa as a whole--the Pretoria racist regime. Since 1975 the
racist South Africans have not granted us a minute of peace so that we can
deal with the various tasks of national reconstruction. You all remember
the tragic moments that we lived when Comrade President Agostinho Neto, the
immortal leader of the Angolan revolution, was forced to order the general

10