111072

JPRS-SSA-87-016

26 FEBRUARY 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

199S0M W

-BttSTRM

Approved for public release;

Distribution Unlimited

FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED 6 A(j6'7
NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign

newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agencytransmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language

sources are translated; those from English-language sources

are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and

other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets

[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]

or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was

processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the information was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are

enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the

original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.

Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an

item originate with the source. Times within items are as

given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the policies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical

Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In ordering, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and

author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports

Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical

Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of

U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement

may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,

1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201. {
JPRS-SSA-87-016

26 FEBRUARY 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

USSR Proposes Soviet-Portuguese Cooperation in Sao Tome

(EXPRESSO, 13 Dec 86) •

Israeli Contacts With Region Said Increasing

(Peer Meinert, Laszlo Trankovits; THE STAR, 9 Jan 87)

Study Notes DPRK Presence in Region

(Gerald L'Ange; THE ARGUS, 13 Jan 87)

More Active Portuguese Relations With Former Colonies Urged

(Editorial; EXPRESSO, 13 Dec 86)

BURUNDI

Spokesman Discusses Church-State Conflict

(KNA, 20 Jan 87)

CAMEROON

Biya Describes Economy As 'Prosperous'

(PANA, 22 Jan 87) 10

Briefs

CCCE Development Loan 13-

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Briefs

GHANA

Nigerian, South African Interests 12

Loan To Improve Bata Airport 12

Foreign Minister Comments on Relations With Togo

(BBC World Service, 23 Jan 87) "

i3

- a -
Burkinabe Envoy Cited on Ties, Proposed Integration

(Accra Domestic Service, 25 Jan 87) 14

GUINEA-BISSAU

Activities of Opposition Movements

(AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL, 12 Oct 86) 15

IVORY COAST

KENYA

Swiss Debt Rescheduling Pact Signed

(FRATERNITE MATIN, 30 Jan 87) 17

Roots of Mwakenya, Rural Support Discussed

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 7 Jan 87) 18

LIBERIA

Briefs

Government Arrears Payments 20

Lebanese 'Green Revolution' Donations 20

MOZAMBIQUE

UK Boosts Military Aid

(John Battersby; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Jan 87) 21

Telephone System Monitors High Officials

(AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL, 12 Oct 86) 22

Prime Minister Counts Cost of South African Hostility

(THE HERALD, 16 Jan 87) , 24

Frelimo Delays Congress for One Year

(BUSINESS DAY, 12 Jan 87) 25

Nine Steam Locomotives Being Rehabilitated for Beira

(THE HERALD, 8 Jan 87) 26

Briefs

Problems in Repairing Rail Lines 27

U.S. Food Aid 27

ANC Reduces Presence in Maputo 27

Muslims Gather in Maputo 28

Former Commandos in Training 28

NAMIBIA

Angola Rearmament Poses Military, Counterinsurgency Threat

(THE STAR, 8 Jan 87) 29

- b -
56 SWAPO Guerrillas Killed in Southern Angola Fighting

(Brian Jones; CAPE TIMES, 14 Jan 87) 31

Constitutional Council Discusses Group Rights

(SAPA, 28 Jan 87) 32

New Year Seen Critical for Transitional Government

(THE STAR, 6 Jan 87) 33

Number of Trade Unions Rises, Activities Increase

(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 9 Dec 86) 35

Gold, Gas Bonanza Expected To Boost Economy

(BUSINESS DAY, 16 Jan 87) 37

Former Goal of School Integration Now Seems Remote

(Brendan Seery; THE ARGUS, 16 Jan 87) 38

Briefs /.n

School Desegregation j"

Commander Notes Success Against SWAPO 40

Leader Offers Cooperation Against SWAPO 4°

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Briefs

OFID Loan 41

SENEGAL

Local Election Results Find Diouf in Control

(LE DEVOIR, 24 Dec 86) 42

Local Elections, Revitalization of Socialist Party

(LE POLITICIEN, 12 Nov 86) '• 44

Background, Policy of OST Party

(A. Wahab Diene; LE POLITICIEN, 28 Nov 86) 46

SIERRA LEONE

Connections, Dealings With South Africa Alleged

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 7 Jan 87) 48

TANZANIA

President Calls for World Support for Mozambique

(James Mwakisyala; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 7 Jan 87) 50

Zanzibar Acts Against Civil Service Irresponsibility

(Abdallah Yakuti; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 16 Jan 86) 51

- c
TOGO

ZAIRE

Pact Signed With Burundi To Increase Border Trade

(THE HERALD, 23 Dec 86) 53

Minister Terms Trade Liberalization 'Temporary'

(Moses Kitururu; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 25 Jan 87) 54

Dar es Salaam Port Capacity To Double

(Zephania Musendo; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 16 Dec 86) 56

Use of Appropriate Technology Recommended

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 6 Jan 87) 57

Briefs

Ceausescu Message Delivered 59

Leader of Opposition Congolese Liberation Party Interviewed

(Antinio Kibingu Interview; AFRICAN CONCORD, 27 Nov 86) .. 60

Briefs

Mobutu Supports Habre 63

ZIMBABWE

Export Promotion Agreement Signed With EEC

(THE HERALD, 16 Jan 87) 64

Experiment on Technical Data Exchange Ready

(THE HERALD, 29 Jan 87) 65

Five Contracts Signed With France Explained

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 9 Jan 87) 66

GAZETTE Warns Against South African Sanctions

(Editorial; THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 9 Jan 87) 67

RSA, Mozambique Funds Get Boost From Films, Churches

(THE HERALD, 9 Jan 87) 70

Catholic Body To Increase Aid to Mozambican Refugees at Mazowe

(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 11 Jan 87) 71

Statement by Association of American African Universities

(THE HERALD, 22 Jan 87) 72

Chiredzi MP Appeals for Food Aid

(David Masunda; THE HERALD, 21 Jan 87) 73

Mashonaland West Governor Reviews Development Projects

(Shakespeare Johnson; THE HERALD, 27 Jan 87) 74

- d -
Mashonaland West Provincial Administrator Reviews 5-Year Plan

(THE HERALD, 28 Jan 87) 76

Overpopulation, Land Misuse Threaten Tsetse-Cleared Area

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 9 Jan 87) 78

Gold Remains Most Important in Declining Mining Output

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 9 Jan 87) 80

Farmers Benefit From Government Resettlement Drive

(THE HERALD, 22 Jan 87) 81

Low-Income Urbanites Hit Hardest

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 16 Jan 87) 82

Briefs

Mugabe Hails Cuba °^

Union Merge

Squatters Invade Sanyati °?

Bikita Bridge Completed °^

New Parliament Offices °~*

Journalists Meet With Soviet Press 8£

Mulroney Meets With Banana, Mugabe °4

Mugabe Returns From Meeting °

5

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

CP, HNP Leaders' Differences Prevent Unity

(Peter Fabricius; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 10 Jan 87) 86

SADF Advertisements Attempt To Allay Young Recruits' Fears

(THE ARGUS, 12 Jan 87) 88

BLACKS

ANC To Open Permanent Soviet Mission

(THE HERALD, 21 Jan 87) 89

PAC Chairman Pledges Arms, Training for People

(THE HERALD, 9 Jan 87) yu

'Witdoek' War Moves to Eastern Cape

(Peggy Killeen; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 9-15 Jan 87) 91

New Brighton Township Under SADF Control

(Mono Badela; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 9-15 Jan 87) ••• ^L

Struggle Between DET, 'People's Education' Entering New Phase

(Patrick Laurence; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 16-22 Jan 87) 9-3

- e -
KwaNdebele Cited as One of Apartheid's Failures

(Rich Mkhondo, Sol Makgabutlane; THE STAR, 15 Jan 87) 95

Briefs

Ciskei Imports German Beef 97

Rapid Escalation of Black Population 97

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Pros, Cons of Draft Bill on Labor Relations Examined

(Claire Pickard-Cambridge; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 16-22 Jan 87). 98

Legal Resources Center Work Grows Along With Unrest

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 15 Jan 87) 100

SAIRR Survey Shows Breakdown of Political Violence During Year

(THE STAR, 14 Jan 87) 102

Report on Race Relations Shows Little Change in Past 50 Years

(Claire Robertson; THE STAR, 14 Jan 87) 105

Matric Results Show Disparity in Quality of Educations

(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 13 Jan 87) 107

ECONOMIC

U.S. Sanctions To Cost Insurers Millions

(Linda Ensor; BUSINESS DAY, 16 Jan 87) 109

U.S. Company Withdrawals Endanger Welfare Projects

(Hamish Mclndoe; BUSINESS DAY, 16 Jan 87) 110

Black Businessmen Plan To Buy Out Disinvesting Companies

(Sefako Nyaka; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 16-22 Jan 87) 112

Economist Claims Red Tape Increases Black Politization

(BUSINESS DAY, 15 Jan 87) 113

Civil Servants Group Seeks Pay Increases

(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 14 Jan 87) 114

New Search for Oil Off Eastern Cape

(Colin Urquhart; WEEKEND POST, 10 Jan 87) 115

Gencor Gold Mines' Earnings Improve

(Peter Stacey, Cherilyn Ireton; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Jan 87) . 116

Palamin Copper Production Down

(Peter Stacey; BUSINESS DAY, 14 Jan 87) 118

/7310

- f -
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

USSR PROPOSES SOVIET-PORTUGUESE COOPERATION IN SAO TOME

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 13 Dec 86 p 24

[Text] The president of the republic has told EXPRESSO that he is available

for discussions with Moscow concerning a tripartite agreement on development

for Sao Tome and Principe. The agreement was suggested to him by the Soviet

ambassador to that country, Kuznetsov Vlatimir, during Mario Soares visit to

the archipelago a week ago.

According to some of those accompanying the president, the Portuguese party

found the USSR's diplomatic representative to be quite open to cooperation

with Lisbon in solving the serious economic and social problems affecting that

small African country, which has a population of just over 90,000. One of the

experts invited to make the trip with Soares disclosed that the ambassador had

"admitted that Soviet aid in the agricultural area was leading nowhere in Sao

Tome and that only the Portuguese were in a position to guarantee the

archipelago's development in that area." The same source also said that

Moscow would be interested in cooperating only in the service and fishing

sectors.

The intentions announced by the Soviet diplomat contrast with the traditional

hegemonic inclination manifested by the USSR in relation to the African

continent, an inclination which reportedly included the islands of Sao Tome

and Principe in their first decade of independence. But one of those

accompanying the Portuguese president said that during a conversation with

Vlatimir, the latter had assured him of the existence of "major changes in

Soviet foreign policy, one of which was being reflected in this manner.

The USSR has two satellite tracking radar installations in Sao Tome and

Principe, but there are no visible signs in the archipelago of any progress

made as a result of supposed Soviet aid. For its part, Angola—another

officially Portuguese-speaking African country that is also traditionally

close to Moscow—maintains a force of from 1,000 to 1,500 soldiers in Sao Tome

for training purposes. But that fact did not prevent the Sao Tomeans and

Portuguese from making some progress in the field of military cooperation

(especially in the area of training) during the visit by Mario Soares.

It is very probable that the Soviet proposals will meet with a cool reception

on the part of the Portuguese Government. On more than one occasion during

Soares' visit, the secretary of state for foreign affairs and cooperation,

Azevedo Soares—who was also part of the presidential party—told reporters

that trilateral cooperation was not one of Lisbon's priorities for the African

continent.

11798 -

CS0: 3542/31
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ISRAELI CONTACTS WITH REGION SAID INCREASING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jan 87 p 8

[Article by Peer Meinert and Laszlo Trankovits]

[Text]

Every time the Organisation of

African Unity (OAÜ) has a summit,

there has been the same ritual for.

years: the condemnation by acclamation of the "Israeli policy of terrorism and liquidation of the Palestinians".

Each time, the OAU promises its

"total and effective support" to the

fight against Israel and admonishes

all members "not to establish or reestablish diplomatic ties with Israel".

But all that could be on the way

out. During 1986 Israel opened diplomatic relations with the Ivory

Coast and Cameroon and its Prime

Minister had a highly publicised

summit with the King of Morocco.

The Israelis seem to have made

vital progress to end their 13 years

of isolation from the African continent and look set to forge a breakthrough in the new year.

"We reckon that in 1987 four more

African nations will open diplomatic relations with us," said Mr Benad

Avital, director of the Africa section

at the Israeli Foreign Ministry.

Israel is placing its bets primarily on a change of heart in Gabon

and Togo in West Africa, in the Central African Republic and in Kenya.

The African comeback promises

the Israelis advantages at the United Nations where the pro-Palestinian faction has benefited for years

from the help of nearly all of Africa's 50 states to vote stinging condemnations of Israel.

In 1973, when the Africans turned

their backs on the Israelis en masse

in protest at the Yom Kippur War,

only South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi

and Swaziland failed to join in.

The first black nation to make up

with Israel was Zaire in 1982. Liberia followed a year later.

At the moment envoys representing Israeli interests are stationed in

three more nations that have not

yet upgraded relations to the diplomatic level: Ghana, Togo and

Kenya.

The major coup for the Israelis

was the resumption of their old and

friendly links with the Ivory Coast,

whose President, Mr Felix Houphouet-Boigny (80), is one of the

grand old men of the African independence movement.

The resumption of links with the

Israelis has in each case largely

been a matter of disappointment

with the scale of help these struggling countries have obtained from

the Arabs.

When Libya campaigned back in

1973 for African solidarity with the

Arab cause, the Arab nations beckoned with development aid and investment cash.

But as a West African diplomat in

Addis Ababa said: "We just overestimated the scale of practical help we

would get from the Arab brothers."

Libya's own actions and bid to expand southwards have also driven

the Africans in the other direction.

*i^BSßBS*Sätö*ie!
When Liberian President Samuel

Doe made overtures to the Israelis

in 1983, many believe he was promised regular Israeli intelligence

on Libyan-backed activities in black

Africa. Israeli military advisers

were also fielded for a period to

help Chad a couple of years ago

when Libyans and Chadian rebels

thrust south.

Demand is especially strong

among the black Africans for military expertise and arms that Israel

can well provide.

Kor example, the presidents of

Zaire, the Central African Republic

and Cameroon are believed to have

quietly obtained Israeli help to train

their bodyguards. Israeli officials

say 10 unspecified black African nations have requested Israeli advice

on security matters since 1973.

Even more nations have obtained

Israeli arms supplies without heeding their diplomatic coolness to the

Jewish state.

When Israel airlifted more than

10000 Falashas, or black Jews, out

of Ethiopia in late 1984 and early

1985 amid the biting famine, sources

in Jerusalem said Israel had been

shunting military aid to Moscowaligned Addis Ababa for some time.

In fact Israel never completely

pulled out of Africa no matter how

much diplomatic stick it was being

given by the Africans in the United

Nations. Agriculturists from Tel

Aviv, irrigation experts from Israel's Negev Desert and Haifa engineers were hard at work up and

down the continent.

They built government office

buildings in Nigeria, Nairobi was

given an American-style high-rise

skyline and in Zaire the Israelis

were almost feeding the capital

through their aid to a market garden company.

The heady days of the IsraeliAfrican love affair were the 1950s

and 60s, but to this day Israeli development aid has the reputation as

the best. Israeli President Chaim

Herzog proudly announced two

years ago that his nation was providing technical and agricultural

aid in 23 African nations. Quietly, of

course.

Africa experts say Israel's co-operative relations with the South

Africans are unlikely to pose a

major obstacle to a reconciliation

with the black grouping.

OAU conferences continue to denounce "military collaboration" by

Israel with Pretoria, but the fact is

that most African nations trade

with the hated apartheid regime.

"The only nations that have made

an issue of it are ones that don't

want to know us anyway," said Mr

Avital. — DPA Features.

/9317

CSO: 3400/851
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

STUDY NOTES DPRK PRESENCE IN REGION

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 13 Jan 87 p 11

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

NORTH Korea has set out to

become a major power in

Africa and its troops may replace the Cuban soldiers in Angola, according to two French

academics who have made a

special study of the subject.

Dar es Salaam has become

the kingpin of North Korean

subversive activities that now

reach into nearly a dozen countries, say Professor P Chaigneau and Professor R Sola of

the Institute for the Study of

International Relations in

Paris.

They believe the North Koreans are operating in collaboration with Libya and the Soviet

Union.

In a paper reproduced by

Pretoria University's Institute

for Strategic Studies, the

French academics say the

North Korean presence is

strongest south of the Sahara.

"From the Seychelles to Angola, Zimbabwe, Tanzania,

Uganda and Burkina Faso,

more than 2 000 North Korean

military men are endeavouring

to promote their country as a

major power on the African

continent."

The French professors'

claims complement recent allegations about the subversive

activities of North Korea in Lesotho.

After setting up an embassy

in Maseru under the prime

ministership of Chief Leabua

Jonathan, the North Koreans

became deeply involved with

leftist elements in his government who were aiming to overthrow him and King Moshoeshoe II and install a Marxist

regime, according to senior

members of the present military government.

They say it was the North

Koreans' activities, including the arming and training of

the youth league of Chief Jonathan's party, that had a major

influence on the army's decision to oust Chief Jonathan in

the coup last January.

After the coup several North

Korean diplomats were expelled for allegedly continuing

to interfere in Lesotho's domestic politics. The embassy in

Maseru has now been abandoned.

Professors Chaigneau and

Sola say the North Korean entry into Africa was inspired

partly by the virtual radicalisation of the non-aligned movement in favour of eastern bloc

countries since 1979, when Cuban President Fidel Castro acted as president.

They say the North Koreans

also see Africa as a market for

their exports, especially in the

military field.
They have succeeded in attracting 14 African leaders to

Pyongyang since 1982, including Chief Jonathan, former

President Machel of Mozambique, Colonel Muammar Gaddafi of Libya and President

Rene of the Seychelles.

Military agreements have

been signed with Uganda,

Ghana, Libya, Ethiopia and

Burkina Faso.

"Although the first arrival of

the North Koreans in Africa

took place in 1965 in Tanzania,

it has only been since the 1970s

and especially during the last

five years that their military

presence has increased to the

point where they have become

chief actors in African strategies," say the academics.

Besides civilian aid projects

they have specialised militarily

in three spheres: a fighting

function by elite troops specialising in anti-guerilla warfare,

a training function and a praetorian guard function.

Zimbabwe gave Pyongyang

its first chance for a significant

penetration into Africa in 1980

when Prime Minister Robert

Mugabe called on North Korea

to train Zimbabwean elite

troops and create a military intelligence service.

They set up what the academics call "the most important militia in black Africa

and also formed the notorious

Fifth Brigade which carried out

the "ethnic quasi-genocide" involved in the suppression of

dissent in Matabeleland.

The French professors say

Uganda forms the second pillar

of North Korean military

influence.

ii A t the same time, from

jt\ Mahe to Accra, the beginning of the 1980s provided

Kin II Sung with new expedient

opportunities to consolidate his

African penetration from east

to west."

Since 1982 a force of North

Korean soldiers have been in

de facto control of the Seychelles defence force. In Ghana

North Koreans are active in the

political police. Since 1976 they

have been building up the security services of Madagascar.

In 1980 North Korean troops

intervened in Benin to support

President Kerekou's regime

and now appear to be supervising the political police and the

presidential guard.

/9317

CSO: 3400/851
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

MORE ACTIVE PORTUGUESE RELATIONS WITH FORMER COLONIES URGED

Lisbon EXPRESSÖ in Portuguese 13 Dec 86 p 8

[Editorial: "Our Africa"]

[Excerpts] "The habit makes the monk."

When Mario Soares was prime minister, he was frequently accused of not paying

proper attention to Portugal's relations with its former colonies.

Even more, he was accused of not understanding the place that the former

colonies in Africa ought to occupy in Portugal's foreign policy and of

concerning himself only with our country's ties with Europe.

And the truth is that during the periods corresponding to governments headed

by Mario Soares, relations with the new Portuguese-speaking countries did not

improve at all and may even have deteriorated.

But the situation has changed.

Soares was elected president of the republic.

And his first state visit abroad in the exercise of his new duties was made

precisely to two former colonies in Africa.

That is the point that needs to be remembered in connection with the

presidential visit to Sao Tome and Cape Verde.

Another point that should be mentioned in connection with this visit is the

distinction between words and actions.

It is one thing to talk about relations with the former African colonies—but

it is something else to implement them.

And the truth is that 12 years after 25 April 1974, there is still a lot of

talk about this subject—but almost nothing is ever done about it.
Portugal draws little benefit from the fact that it speaks the same language

and is uniquely familiar with every inch of the territories of Angola,

Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, and Sao Tome and Principe. And those

countries draw little benefit from the experience accumulated by the

Portuguese during their stay in Africa.

There is knowledge that is in danger of being lost forever—and ingloriously.

The danger exists that as far as we are concerned, the former colonies will

turn into new Brazils.

Visits are made, agreements are planned, and promises are lined up between

Portugal and Brazil as well.

But the distance between the two nations never stops growing.

As is known, the Portuguese have an irresistible tendency toward nostalgia.

Decolonization and the stampede out of Africa fuel passionate discussions even

today.

But when it comes to the new opportunities opened up by the emergence of five

new nations that speak Portuguese, there has never yet been a serious

debate on that subject.

It is necessary that nostalgia be balanced with pragmatism, efficiency, and a

taste for the concrete.

11798

CSO: 3542/31
BURUNDI

SPOKESMAN DISCUSSES CHURCH-STATE CONFLICT

EA211302 Nairobi KNA in English 1630 GMT 20 Jan 87

[Excerpts] Nairobi, 20 January—The heightening tension between the Catholic

Church and the state in Burundi, culminating in the closure of its

seminaries, imprisonment of clergy and lay people, and abolition of military

chaplaincy among other things, is non-religious, according to an ALL AFRICA

PRESS SERVICE (APS) report released yesterday.

The move, according to a government spokesman here, is aimed at cracking

down on church personnel working with foreign forces to undermine the

Government of Burundi through anti-government press coverage.

The spokesman from the Burundi Embassy here who spoke to APS on the

increasing tension between the Catholic Church and the government accused

the foreign press of misinforming the world on the issue. "There is

nothing like an explosive fight between the Catholic Church and the government

as some sections of the foreign press would like us to believe," he said.

"What there is, is a massive government-directed campaign to crack down

on some church personnel who have accepted to be used by foreign forces

to undermine and discredit the government in its efforts to promote unity

and development among its people."

Commenting on the church's allegations, the government spokesman at the

Burundi Embassy here said it was the prerogative of the government to grant

or refuse entry and re-entry permits to anybody, including church personnel.

On the nationalisation of some theological institutions, the government

spokesman said, "This has not taken place because all along the government

has been the sole planner and implementer of the national education policy

of its people. What we have done of late is to stop the seminaries on

lower and middle level from operating in accordance with our basic education

policy in the country," he explained. But while we have done that, we have

allowed the Catholic Church to continue to enroll young people for

theological education after their secondary education, he added.

On the church's allegation on a massive imprisonment and expulsion of

missionaries from the country, the government's spokesman noted: "What is

±
taking shape in this aspect is in line with the government's efforts to

maintain security for all in the country. The Government of Burundi is

hardly against the Catholic Church or any other church in the country. I

find it difficult to believe that a crackdown on bad elements in the church

by the government qualifies to mean that the church was being persecuted

by the government."

/12858

CSO: 3400/853
CAMEROON

BIYA DESCRIBES ECONOMY AS 'PROSPEROUS'

AB230701 Dakar PANA in French 1213 GMT 22 Jan 87

LText] Brazzaville, 22 January (ACI/PANA)—Cameroonian President Paul Biya

has expressed satisfaction with his country's economic growth whose gross

domestic product [GDP] increases annually by 4 to 6 percent. In an interview

published at the beginning of the week by the monthly Brazzaville

CONGO-MAGAZINE, President Biya added that "the Cameroonian economy is a

prosperous one." The Cameroonian head of state expressed satisfaction with

the reorganization of public resources, the very low rate of indebtedness

(rate not stated), and with the moderate rate of inflation in Cameroon in

spite of the crisis which is mainly due to the deterioration in trade

terms and the staggering fall in oil prices.

"Compared to the overall world economic situation, I am tempted to assert

the Cameroonian economy is prosperous," he said. "Our public resources are

sound and our GDP has been increasing annually by 4 to 6 percent. The

rate of our external debt is low and our inflation rate is moderate," he

added.

Cameroon, an oil producing country, has based its development on agriculture

because of the risks in the oil market. According to CONGO-MAGAZINE,

during the 1984 farming season, Cameroon produced 701,900 tons of bananas,

820,000 tons of cocoyams and taro, and 640,000 tons of cassava, thus covering

377 percent, 174 percent and 120 percent respectively of the needs of the

people.

The magazine also recalled that in [date indistinct], each Cameroonian

inhabitant consumed 2,582 calories in Yaounde, and 2,518 calories in Douala,

whereas according to FAO and WHO recommendations, one must consume 2,400

calories to achieve a balanced diet.

"I am satisfied with the achievements of my country in all fields and this

is rightly so because Cameroon is on a sound footing and the Cameroonian

people are becoming increasingly mature and responsible," he continued.

These changes, he emphasized, have also affected the social and cultural

sectors with the building of grade schools, high schools and colleges, the

awarding of more scholarships and grants, and the introduction of national

television.

On Cameroon's refusal to participate in the French-African and Commonwealth

summits, President Biya pointed out that his country is a sovereign country

whose policy is based on nonalignment.

/12858

CS0: 3400/853 ±u
CAMEROON

BRIEFS

CCCE DEVELOPMENT LOAN—Yaounde, 22 January (AFP)—The Central Fund for

Economic Cooperation (CCCE) (French Government) has granted three loans

amounting to 7.327 billion CFA francs (146.54 million FF) to Cameroon

to finance development projects, it was learned today in Yaounde. Two of

the projects are related to the development of internal telecommunication

networks (5.75 billion) and the reorganization of the banana production

sector (1.55 billion). The loans are granted over a 15-year period with a

5-year moratorium at a 5 percent interest rate. The third convention

consists of an investment of 27 million CFA francs in the capital stock of

Royal-Fruits (company processing local fruits) by the Company of Promotion

and Participation for Economic Cooperation (Propayco) a branch of the CCCE.

[Excerpts] [Paris AFP in French 1850 GMT 22 Jan 87 AB] /12858

CSO: 3400/853

11
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

NIGERIAN, SOUTH AFRICAN INTERESTS—One of the smallest countries in the

continent is apparently offering its favours to two of the biggest, Nigeria

and South Africa. On 2 December the Nigerian government granted Equatorial

Guinea five million naira in aid, requested by the Malabo government to

host a conference of the Union douaniere et economique de l'Afrique centrale

(UDEAC). Not only is the UDEAC an organisation normally disliked by Lagos,

but relations between Nigeria and Equatorial Guinea have not been good since

the former Spanish colony gave aid to rebel Biafra during the civil war.

Nigerian military sources suggest that this aid was but the first instalment

of a larger package. The Equatorial Guinean government is also considering

generous offers of aid from Pretoria and is bargaining hard. South Africa

already has a commercial presence in Equatorial Guinea, a vast cattle ranch

at Lobo with an airstrip. At Leconi, in nearby Gabon, a South African

construction company called Chesterfield has joined French interests to

build an airstrip capable of taking large aircraft. When Nigerian President

Ibrahim Babangida met African National Congress leader Oliver Tambo on

1 December, Babangida discussed with him intelligence reports on these

and other South African activities. The Nigerian high command even claims

to fear a military attack by South Africa. [Text] [London AFRICA

CONFIDENTIAL in English 7 Jan 87 p 8] /9317

LOAN TO IMPROVE BATA AIRPORT—The African Development Bank (AfDB) is considering a $4.6 million loan to improve safety at Bata airport, on the

mainland. The project has four components: civil engineering works; supply

and installation of navigational aids, aeronautical telecommunications,

meteorological, electronic and electromechanical equipment as well as, firefighting, rescue, operating and maintenance equipment; works supervision and

inspection, and technical assistance assistance training. The Public Works,

Housing and Town Planning Ministry will manage the project. Spain's national carrier Iberia in September 1985 temporarily suspended services to

Malabo airport on Bioko island because of poor firefighting standards.

[Text] [London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English 13-19 Dec 86 p 13] /9274

CSO; 3400/809

12
GHANA

FOREIGN MINISTER COMMENTS ON RELATIONS WITH TOGO

AB231845 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 23 Jan 87

[Text] Relations between Ghana and neighboring Togo hit rock bottom after

last year's coup attempt against President Eyadema. There were accusations

and counteraccusations about the amount of involvement of Ghanaians. And

when the Ghanaian government denied any official involvement, the Togolese

authorities alleged that Ghanaian soldiers actually took part in the

attack. Proof of it, they said, was the fact that three of the dead carried

official Ghanaian gun permits. Davina Dougan was in Accra recently and

she asked Ghana's foreign minister, Obed Asmoah, whether or not this was

the case.

[Begin recording] [Asmoah] From what I could gather they said that they

carried weapon permits, a permit for them to carry weapons. I used to have

one, too. I do not belong to the Ghana Army and anybody could have got hold

of them and there is no evidence that in fact they were current permits.

Anybody could have got hold of an old permit and used it for this kind

of purpose.

[Dougan] So, as far as your understanding goes, these few gentlemen were

not members of the Ghanaian Armed Forces. Is that what you are saying?

[Asmoah] As far as I know, yes. They are not current members of the armed

forces, as far as I know.

[Dougan] Your talked [words indistinct] about trying to repair relations

with Togo [words indistinct] Ghana, Togo, and Nigeria extradition treaty

[words indistinct].

[Asmoah] Well, it should be possible. We cannot review the relations

between the two countries to personal attitudes of the rulers. [sentence

as heard]

[Dougan] But while they represent such different areas of [passage indistinct]

[Asmoah] I think the [words indistinct] are taking things a little high. You

talk about the animosity. I really do not think that, you know, one can talk

in terms of animosity between us. I believe that, you know, there have been

some misunderstanding and some bad issues or some bad talks but I will not

call it animosity. I mean that will be going a little bit too far.

[end recording]

/12858 13

CSO: 3400/898
GHANA

BURKINABE ENVOY CITED ON TIES, PROPOSED INTEGRATION

AB251854 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 25 Jan 87

[TextJ The Burkina Faso ambassador to Ghana, Maimouna Ouattara, has

declared that the year 1987 will see concrete action between the two

revolutions of Ghana and her country for the common benefit of the peoples

of the two countries. As a first step, Ghana Airways and Air Burkina are

to start flight services to each other's country as soon as the necessary

formalities are completed. Madame Ouattara hinted that Burkina Faso is

currently studying how best to give preferential treatment to Ghanaian

manufactured goods to compete with goods from other countries in the

Burkinabe market. The ambassador, who was on a tour of the Northern

Region, was speaking to newsmen at Tamale.

Madame Ouattara said the governments of the two countries are also

holding high-level discussions on the possibility of Burkina Faso buying

her petroleum products from Ghana. She added that it will be economical

for Burkina Faso to draw her petroleum products from the Buipe Petroleum

depot when the project is completed. Burkina Faso is also to enjoy

hydroelectricity from Ghana as soon as the northern sector power grid

project is completed in 1990.

The two countries are also collaborating in the area of communications and

it will not be long when peoples from the two countries could speak to each

other directly instead of passing calls through Paris and London.

On the proposed integration between the two countries, Madama Ouattara

pointed out that what needs to be done is for the political structures of

the two countries to mount political education to conscientize the people

on why there is the need for the unification of the two revolutions.

Earlier in the day, Madame Ouattara paid a courtesy call on the northern

regional secretary, Hudu Yahaya. Mr Yahaya stressed the need for the

removal of artificial barriers between the two countries because these

barriers militate against economic, political, and cultural cooperation

between them. He noted that Ghana and Burkina Faso have common resources

which could be pooled for the mutual benefit of the peoples of the two

countries. He declared: The revolution can be achieved only when we create

the necessary confidence among us. Africans, he said, tend to mistrust

their fellow Africans, and this is all that the imperialists want so that

Africans cannot unite for political and economic emancipation.

/12858

CSO: 3400/898 14
GUINEA-BISSAU

ACTIVITIES OF OPPOSITION MOVEMENTS

Lisbon AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL in Portuguese 12 Oct 86 p 11

[Text] Cesario Alvarenga, one of the most important members of the

opposition to the regime in Guinea-Bissau, died under unusual circumstances

in the middle of July in Senegal. The case is straining relations between

Portugal and Senegal—Alvarenga had Portuguese citizenship. Meanwhile,

the Guinean opposition outside the country is becoming more and more

agitated. At the beginning of November, the creation of a new opposition

movement will be publicly announced in Lisbon. This movement will anoint

itself with the mission of uniting the various opposition cells heretofore

scattered throughout Portugal, France and Senegal.

Cesario Alvarenga is a former official of the PAIGC, with which he

quarreled. Shortly thereafter, he turned himself in to the Portuguese

colonial authorities. Alvarenga had moved to Senegal along with two

former African commandos, Bailo Djau and Luis Azuala, both residents

of Portugal as is Alvarenga. Their mission was apparently to organize

Guinean opposition cells, especially former commandos, with the purpose

of provoking actions aimed at overthrowing the regime of Nino Vieira.

An investigation into the case, which did not, however, completely bring

to light some of its essential aspects, leads to the conclusion that the

mission of Alvarenga and his companions had previously come to the attention

of Guinean security in Lisbon as a result of being turned in by another

former commando, who works as a "mole" in the opposition organization.

Knowing about Cesario Alvarenga's plans, Guinea's regime alerted the

Senegalese authorities and probably requested that the three men be

arrested. Equally consistent is the version that Bissau also proposed

to exchange Senegalese dissidents who had taken refuge in its territory

(proponents of independence from Casemance) for the three men. Senegal

probably hesitated to include Alvarenga in the operation, given his

Portuguese citizenship.

Arrested upon their arrival in Dakar, the Guinean opposition members

were put in a car a fews days later. After a few hours of travel, the

car headed for the Guinea-Bissau border. When they realized what

15
was goxng on, the three men tried to resist, and that was when Bailo Djau

grabbed the steering wheel and yanked it violently, causing the car to

overturn. Alvarenga and Djau were killed and Azuala was wounded.

Meanwhile, sectors of the Guinean opposition abroad have prepared to

launch an organization in Lisbon at the beginning of November which

will be called the International Association for the Defense of Human

Rxghts in Guinea-Bissau. At the top of its agenda are the overthrow

of Nino Vieira and the installation of a democratic regime. Among the

organization's mentors are officials such as Drs Domingos Fernandes

and Pedro Jandi, as well as Prof Helder Vaz, all residents of Portugal.

But the president will be Adao Mendonca, a principal character in the

Guinean community in France (10,000 people) where the organization will

be headquartered. With its main decision-making body being a political

commission of 31 members, the organization seems to have already garnered

international support.

9895/12223

CSO: 3442/46

16
IVORY COAST

SWISS DEBT RESCHEDULING PACT SIGNED

AB311250 Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 30 Jan 87 p 6

[Text] Minister of State Seri Gnoleba and His Excellency Claude Caratsch,

ambassador of Switzerland to Ivory Coast, signed at the former's office on

Wednesday, 28 January, a debt rescheduling agreement of 16.8 billion CFA

francs. The two officials expressed satisfaction with the good relations

between their two countries. Then Mr Gnoleba stressed the positive aspect

of the multi-year rescheduling the international creditors granted to our

country. By doing so, they once more showed the confidence they have in the

future of our economy. The multi-year rescheduling Ivory Coast has just benefited from is the first of the kind to be granted to a debtor country, and

the agreement signed with Switzerland fits into this policy. It covers a

3-year period for the Club of Paris and a 4-year period for the Club of Rome.

It is a policy which enables us to initiate medium-term development projects.

The austerity measures courageously taken by the Ivorian government in time

of economic crisis to restore the major economic balances have been fruitful.

The Ivorian economy is out of the tunnel and has gradually begun to develop.

But it must be acknowledged that we have a long and difficult way to go before we achieve full recovery, if one takes into account the drastic drop

of the dollar, which penalizes us more than we benefit from it, as well as

the drop in the price of our raw materials last year. These difficulties

reduce the financial capacity of our country and make it a necessity to revamp

the economy, the result being an increase in domestic wealth. In other words,

the multi-year rescheduling is undoubtedly a good thing, but our economy not

only needs a real relief effort but also adequate resources to stimulate the

long-expected growth. The struggle for stability is outmoded and to go on _

with it in the present economic situation would be detrimental to our economic

system, which is based on the stability acquired at the cost of great efforts,

and needs a genuine dynamic recovery policy.

/7358

CSO: 3400/912

17
KENYA

ROOTS OF WWAKENYA, RURAL SUPPORT DISCUSSED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 7 Jan 87 pp 4-5

[Text]

Mwakenya is a major threat to the government of

President Daniel arap Moi. In the last year, over

100 people have been imprisoned on suspicion of

belonging to the secret movement which has no clear

hierarchy or programme but which groups opponents

of the government. Sympathisers swear secret oaths

of solidarity. Most Mwakenya detainees whose

names have been made public are intellectuals. Less

publicised has been Mwakenya'* support among

farmers in the highlands which were the home of

the Mau Man nationalist movement in the 1950s.

Mwakenya has much in common with its predecessor, including the secret oaths and the support

of some Kikuyu farmers. But the fact that Luo

intellectuals and others have been accused of taking

secret oaths suggests that the Mwakenya movement

is more than a Kikuyu phenomenon.

The roots of Mwakenya go back to 1982, when

the Moi government changed the constitution. After

a mere 45-minute debate in parliament, Kenya made

the transition from being a de facto one-party state

to becoming one in law. This was done to head off

moves towards the formation of an opposition party

which would have challenged the monopoly of the

ruling Kenya African National Union (KANU). Subsequently, former Vice-President Oginga Odinga was

put under house arrest and his political associate

George Moseti Anyona was detained for planning

to set up a socialist party. The decision to change

the constitution, masterminded by the now ousted

Charles Njonjo, sparked off nationwide protests

which culminated in the bloody coup attempt of

August 1982. Some Kikuyu conservatives saw

Njonjo's downfall as an attack on the status of their

tribe, compounded by the failure of many Kikuyu

businesses in 1986 (AC Vol 27 No 18).

In the absence of recognised opposition, lecturers

and students from Nairobi University began to

organise in secret. They had some success in forming

an alliance with farmers, especially Kikuyu from

Central Province, as well as people from other

groups, some of whom were already associated with

the December 12 Movement.

The government reacted by banning the Nairobi

University Staff Union (USU) and the students'

organisation. Several leading members of USU were

detained, among them Maina wa Kinyalta, a historian who had written a book on Mau Mau. Many

intellectuals, including former USU members, went

into exile. The well-known novelist Ngugi wa

Thiong'o, the scourge of the Kenyan establishment,

was out of the country when the clampdown began.

He decided to stay out. Professor Micere Mugo,

Ngugi's co-author in writing The Trial of Dedan

Kimathi, another book on Mau Mau, fled to the

United States.

After the purges of student leaders that followed

the attempted coup of 1982, the government assumed

that it had cut off the head of the opposition.

However, members of the Nairobi University Students' Organisation had scattered throughout the

country as teachers, civil servants or unemployed

graduates. There they made common cause with

Kikuyu farmers in some country areas.

Since its inception disparate and autonomous

Mwakenya elements have organised demonstrations,

produced pamphlets, and are said to have carried

out several sabotage operations against electricity

supplies. Both urban and rural wings of Mwakenya

aim to overthrow the Moi government. But after

that their aims differ. Some intellectuals hope subsequently to establish a socialist order, and see in

18
Mwakenya and the Mau Mau tradition a symbol to

unite Kenyans of every ethnic group. The original

Mau Mau was a movement of dispossessed Kikuyu.

Many of the Kikuyu farmers who have sworn Mwakenya oaths are conservative and aim to safeguard

their own landed interests against the encroachment

of carpetbaggers who have been undermining their

prosperity, with government backing. Others are

landless farmers with different material interests.

There is an element of Kikuyu chauvinism which is

incompatible with the vision of socialist intellectuals.

Mwakenya has been active since 1983. But it was

only in January 1986 that the usually alert Kenyan

security police made their first arrest. Peter Young

Kihara was detained on 23 January 1986. This was

followed by the detention of three university lecturers

including Ngotho Kariuki, a former dean of the

commerce faculty of Nairobi University. Most of

the subsequent detainees whose names have been

published are other academics and journalists. So

far, it appears that the security forces have been

able to break only one or two underground cells of

Mwakenya, which is not highly structured.

The rural supporters of Mwakenya have received

far less publicity but arc if anything a more serious

threat to the Moi government. Their base is especially

in the prosperous farmlands of Nakuru and Nyeri,

the latter a former centre of Mau Mau activity. Nyeri

was the constituency of ex-Member of Parliament

Waruru Kanja, a former Mau Mau fighter himself

who caused a storm in 1986 by organising a meeting

of Mau Mau veterans in the area (AC Vol 27 No

8). The farmers in these places are the main funders

of Mwakenya. They have helped to smuggle arms

from Uganda, via the cattle-rustlers of the West

Pokot area. Last month two prominent local politicians, businessman John Kamangara and lawyer

Mirugi Kariuki were arrested, apparently on suspicion of being among the Mwakenya ringleaders and

of taking secret oaths. Another former politician

from Nakuru North, Koigi wa Wamwere, previously

detained twice on account of his support for landless

farmers, has fled the country.

The government is afraid of Mwakenya but has

tried to turn the threat to its own advantage bylabelling all opposition as Mwakenya subversion.

This probably explains the government's allegation

that the secretary general of the National Council

of Churches of Kenya, John Kamau, had connections with Mwakenya, which the council denies. The

churches had earlier expressed their opposition to

abolition of the secret ballot in elections (AC Vol

27 No 19). Some journalists allege that the security

forces have sent them Mwakenya literature through

the post. Those who do not deliver the material to

the authorities may then be arrested on subversion

charges. This encourages press self-censorship. Certainly the Kenyan press is scared. In November three

journalists were convicted of offences related to

membership of Mwakenya. Mugo Theuri, the Standard's bureau chief in Nakuru, was sentenced to

four years for taking an unlawful oath«

/9274

CSO: 3400/823

19
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT ARREARS PAYMENTS-*.The Comptroller at the Finance Ministry, Mr

Wallace H, Powell, has assured that all government employees would receive

their November salary checks on or before January 15, He assured that there

were "sufficient funds" at the National Bank of Liberia (NBL) for encashment

of government employees' salary checks for November, Speaking in an interview with reporters yesterday, Mr Powell blamed the slow disbursement of

government checks on the lack of logistics, and said they were doing everything possible to ensure the speedy disbursement of November salary checks,

[Text] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 9 Jan 87 p 1] /9274

LEBANESE 'GREEN REVOLUTION' DONATIONS—Two checks totalling $30,000 were

yesterday presented to President Samuel K, Doe by two Lebanese businessmen

as their personal contribution towards the enhancement of the Green Revolution program. According to an Executive Mansion release, $20,000 was presented by Mr Ezzat N, Eid on behalf of the International Aluminium Factory

and the Capital Electric Company (CEC), while Mr Ghassan Basman donated

$10,000 on behalf of the Modern Textiles Factory, Receiving the checks

from the two businessmen, President Doe expressed thanks on behalf of the

Liberlan Government and people had lauded the Lebanese for identifying with

the Green Revolution program, He praised the businessmen for their gesture

and hoped that other businesses will emulate the "re-investment policy" of

Messrs Eid and Bassam by supporting the government's agricultural initiatives,

[Text] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 18 Dec 86 p 1] /9274

CSO: 3400/825

20
MOZAMBIQUE

UK BOOSTS MILITARY AID

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Jan 87 pp 1, 2

[Article by John Battersby]

[Text]

LONDON — The British government has

boosted its military aid to Mozambique

for the third time in 12 months.

The Foreign Office confirmed yesterday the British army training base at

Nyanga in Zimbabwe had doubled the

intake of Mozambican officersfrom 60 to

120.

The training camp has also increased

.the number of British military advisers

from eight to 12.

This means that in 1987 about 480 Mozambican officers will complete the

three-month training course at a cost to

Britain of R2-million.

Last year 240 officers completed the

course at a cost of Rl,l-million.

The move follows a modest but growing British military aid programme to

Mozambique aimed at helping the Frelimo government of President Joaquim

Chissano protect its rail and transport

links to the sea from sabotage attacks by

Renamo rebels.

These links are regardedas vital to the

continued independence of Zimbabwe

and as an insurance policy against further destabilisation and cross-border

raids by SA.

Britain is also a donor to the major

R800m international effort to renovate

and keep open the vital Beira corridor

rail, oil and road link between Zimbabwe

, and the Mozambican coast.

1 The increased British military support

for Mozambique comes at a time when

British officials are conceding a shift of

emphasis in regional foreign policy

aimed at helping the Frontline states

reduce their economic dependence on SA

but also dissuading them from imposing

direct sanctions against Pretoria.

Britain has stepped up its modest bilateral aid to Mozambique from R5,4m in

1983 to R25,2m in 1985.

/9317

CSO: 3400/843

21
MOZAMBIQUE

TELEPHONE SYSTEM MONITORS HIGH OFFICIALS

Lisbon AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL in Portuguese 12 Oct 86 p 13

/ Text_/ An important link in controlling power in Mozambique is the

so-called "president's line", begun in 1978 with support and advice

from the Soviet Union and Cuba. At a moment of political uncertainty

and vacuum such as now exists, control of this exclusive telephone

exchange of the presidency of the republic, the Politbüro of Frelimo,

the general staff of the armed forces, the council of ministers and

the central committee, may prove to be crucial. The fact is that

exhaustive data concerning both the private and public life of the

country's most influential people are recorded and filed there.

This telephone exchange operates out of a building located across

from the ministry of defense, in the Polana district, near the Ponta

Vermelha Palace. It has 200 lines and is operated exclusively by 30

very carefully chosen members of SNASP who work 24 hours a day in

eight-hour shifts. They listen in directly on all calls in addition

to recording them and filing any portions thereof which are judged to

be of interest.

Taking the highest officials from the "list", most of these telephone

listeners are unaware of the minute scrutiny to which they are subjected, furnishing detailed clues to SNASP concerning the subjects'

private lives, especially in one particularly sensitive aspect: the

extramarital adventures of ministers, generals, and high party

officials.

In this way, the SNASP carries out an authentic "triage of mistresses"

of the political class, placing them under visual observation (see

AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL no 11 p 1), removing them from the scene, or

discreetly advising the individual in question to put an end to his

adventure.

Telephone calls from or to the president are directly listened to only

by the telephone exchange chief and his aide, who take 12 hour shifts.

The corresponding recordings are under his exclusive jurisdiction and

care.

Not even the highest SNASP officials escape this scrutiny. It may be

added by way of illustration that it was thanks to the "president's

22
line" that in March of 1984, on the eve of the N'Komati agreement, it

was possible to detect Armando Emilio Guebuza's moves against the _

moderates who favored the treaty. Guebuza was later stripped of his

portfolio as minister of the interior and placed under house arrest.

Samora Machel, in a subsequent speech delivered in Beira xn April,

would refer to the matter, saying that there were "anti-Frelimo

elements within Frelimo itself."

This surveillance also extends to correspondence, which is minutely

examined and registered—with special attention given to that from

the presidency—for reasons of security but also for keeping a data

file. An interesting case in this regard is that of Jacinto Veloso,

who, when he was minister of security, used to deliver his foreign

correspondence to the airplane by hand.

Another detail indirectly related to these is that any candidate

being considered for a high-level position in the state hierarchy

(up to secretary of state) is subjected to constant observation by

SNASP for 30 days before being finally appointed, along with the

candidate's close family members. Only after the SNASP gives its

approval, based on an exhaustive report, does the appointment become

effective. This is an aspect that will no doubt carry weight in

appointments in Mozambique, now that great changes are expected quickly

in all sectors.

9895

CSOs 3442/46

23
MOZAMBIQUE

PRIME MINISTER COUNTS COST OF SOUTH AFRICAN HOSTILITY

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Jan 87 p 2

[Text]

MAPUTO.

MORE than 100 000

Mozambicans have

lost their lives through

South African destabilisation, and the

total cost of South

Africa's undeclared

war against Mozambique is about US$5

billion, Prime Minister Mario Machungo

told the Mozambican

parliament, the People's Assembly, on

Wednesday.'

While the moot dramatic expression of this is

the banditry of the South

African-sponsored MNR, j

South Africa has also!

used a series of ocontwiiie

mechanisms against Mozambique.

Cde Machungo cited

the South African boycott

of the port of Maputo. In

1973 Maputo handled 6,8

million tonnes of Soutli

African goods. This dropped to just 060 000 tonnes

in 1985.

South Africa also cut

back drastically the number of Mozambicans

working in its mines. The

number of Mozambican

miners in South Africa

fell from about 113 000 in

1970 to some-45 000 in

1982.

Cde Machungo pointed

out,that the reduction in

migrant labour had led

to a substantial Increase

Jn unemployment in sou

them Mozambique, while

lost miners* 'remittances

were estimated at around

US$568 million.

The South Africans

also unilaterally cancelled

the gold agreement of

i»28. This stipulated that

60 percent of the salaries-

'« Mozambican miners in

South Africa would be

paid in gold at the fixed

rate of R39.T6 art ounce.

When the world market

<prlce of gold rocketed,

the colonial regime ana

latei. the Mo'/.tirbicun

goveniHusiM. was able to

sell the gold «JII W>'.' world

market and make windfall profits.

The South Africans

abruptly cancelled the

lixed götfl price on April

JO 1978. From 1978 to

198a the 'amount of foreign currency that MosKumrique lost as a result

o( -ttiiu move has been

„alated at USJ-2.S Wli>...m roughly the sain .- an, the total loieif/n debt

of Mozambique In 198'J.

Cde Machungo- pointed

to the South AfricaniuMpircd destruction ot

bridges, locomotives, electricity pylons, factorle -.

and other1liiMtallatons a„<

an important factor in the

.debilitation of the Mozainblcan economy.

The directives of South

African aggression, he

said, were to stiengthe.n

Mozambique's economic

dependence on South Africa, and. to make regional co-opcrat'bn between the member states

of SADCO unvlable.

Zlana-AIM.

/9317

CSO: 3400/843

24
MOZAMBIQUE

FRELIMO DELAYS CONGRESS FOR ONE YEAR

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Jan 87 p 3

[ Tex t ] MAPUTO - The Frelimo Party Central Committee has postponed the

party's fifth congress for a year to

allow Mozambique to concentrate efforts on defence and economic recovery.

This was reported by the hews

agency AIM. ',;

Under the party's statutes, congresses are held every five year: Thus

the fifth congress was due in 1988.

However, the Central Committee is

empowered to postpone congresses if

necessary.

The final resolution of last week's

Central Committee meeting, released

yesterday, says "considering the need

to concentrate efforts on the defence

of the country and the implementation of measures for economic recovery") the congress will be held in 1089.

The committee also heard a report

from the commission charged with

amending the .country's constitution.

It praised the work done by the commission so far which "clarifies the

leading role of the Frelimo party,

strengthens the democratic and popular nature of our state and enshrines

in the constitution the political, military, economic, social and administrative transformations that have

taken place in our country".

The commission is to present a fully amended text of the constitution to

the next Central Committee meeting,

after which a nation-wide debate on

the new draft of the constitution will

take place.

The Mozambican National Commission of Inquiry into the causes of

last October's plane crash in SA in

which President Samora Machel and

34 others died also reported to the

Central Committee. The committee

approved the commission's work so

far and mandated it to continue.

This year marks the 25th anniversary of the foundation of the Mozambique Liberation Front, and the tenth

anniversary of its transformation

into the Frelimo party.

The Central Committee called on

the people to celebrate the anniversaries with joy, solemnity and austerity.

/9274

CSO: 3400/809

25
NINE STEAM LOCOMOTIVES BEING REHABILITATED FOR BEIRA

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Jan 87 p 7

[Text]

MOZAMBIQUE

THE first of the Mozambican National Railroad

steam locomotives being

rehabilitated by a Bulawayo company under a

?3 million contract with

the United States Agency

for International Development, .will roll out of the

city on its way to Gondola and Belra at the end

of this month«

Nine steam locomotive?

and two General Electric

diesel locomotives are to

be rehabilitated by the

company, Zeco, In the

contract which forms

part of a $5 million Usaid

grant to the Mozambique

government for railway

refurbishment on the

Belra Corridor.

A spokesman for the

US Information Service

in Harare yesterday gave

a progress report on the

rehabilitation work. There

are at present five steam

locomotives, a steam

shunter and two GE

diesel electrics at the'

Zeco workshops. -

The steam engines are

in varied stages of repair

and.the first rehabilitated

engine will steam out of

Bulawayo at th« end of

the month.

The Zeco project, which

began in May last year,

included on-the-job training of about 60 Mozambican railway workers, the

procurement services fortooto and parts for future

rehabilitation of the engines at Belra and Gondola' and the provision

of three technical assistance personnel at the

Belra workshops for 18

months.

The spokesman said the

two diesel electrics had

been stripped down and

parts ordered from the

United States. The diesel

engines would be ready

to roll in March or April.

The bn-the-job training

of Mozambique railway

workers began last September and will be completed for steam locomotive technicians next

month. Diesel electric

technicians will complete

their training in April.

The three technical

assistance personnel from

Zimbabwe will be In Beira

from next month until

August.

The spokesman said the

project's aim was to -ncrease the carrying capacity of the Mozambican

railways in the Beira Corridor through emergency

track repairs, the rehabilitation of locomotives,

workshop and foundry

improvements and commodity procurements,

manpower training and

diesel shed conversion at

Beira.

Although the Usaid

was to Mozambique, a

substantial amount was

being spent in Zimbabwe.

Zimbabwe would be able

to benefit from emergency

repairs.

The US ambassador,

Mr James Rawlings, is

expected to visit the

Zeco yards tomorrow.

/9317

CSO: 3400/890

26
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

PROBLEMS IN REPAIRING RAIL LINES—Despite the most careful choice of words,

the article on the Limpopo line from Chicualacuala to Maputo, as published

in The Financial Gazette on January 9, has been misunderstood. It was not

implied that the line could be reconstructed to NRZ main-line standard in

either three months, or indeed 18 months. The possible three-month

programme outlined was for the reconstruction of the badly damaged 50 km

section just over the border from Chicualacuala that would enable the line

to function on a very limited basis—possibly one or two trains per day.

While these trains were running, an 18-month programme could increase the

traffic on the line to possibly four trains daily. To bring the Limpopo

line up to NRZ main-line standard would require much more fundamental, more

expensive and longer-term work, for which no time period was conjectured.

A similar situation exists on the Beira line, where rehabilitation work is

being undertaken by the NRZ. This is expected to be completed by April

this year. The eventual reconstruction of this line from Machipanda to

Beira, to bring it up to NRZ main-line standard, would again require more

fundamental reconstruction, involving the realignment of track, particularly

in the steeper gradient sections just over the border from Mutare. [Text]

[Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 16 Jan 87 p 3] /9317

U.S. FOOD AID—The United States has just granted Mozambique food aid worth

around 11 million dollars, the U.S. embassy in Maputo announced on December 26.

This aid, comprising milk, butter, cheese and wheat, is destined for children

in the provinces of Nampula, Tete, Sofala, Manica and Maputo. In recent

weeks several countries have announced that they were sending food in

response to the appeal for aid issued by the Mozambican government. They

include Britain which is to supply and pay for the transport of 7,000

tonnes of maize purchased from Zimbabwe, and West Germany, which is to

provide almost 8,000 tonnes of various food items. Last October Mozambique's

food deficit worsened considerably because of the upsurge in activities of

the rebel Renamo movement, and according to the authorities famine is now

threatening four million people out of a total population of 14 million (see

ION No 250). [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English

10 Jan 87 p 7] /9317

ANC REDUCES PRESENCE IN MAPUTO—According to Agence France-Presse, the

African National Congress has agreed with the Mozambican authorities to

reduce by six the number of its representatives in Maputo, in the wake of

death threats from South Africa. Those leaving include Jacob Zuma, a

27
member of the ANC's national executive, and Indres Naidoo, deputy head

of the Maputo bureau. The decision was reportedly taken in talks last

week between ANC president Oliver Tambo and Mozambican leader Joaquim

Chissano. South African foreign minister Roelof 'Pik' Botha confirmed

that he had asked Mozambique to reduce the ANC numbers in Maputo. The

incident demonstrates Mozambique's extreme weakness in the face of its

neighbour: the Nkomati agreement between them said the ANC could have ten

representatives in Maputo. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in

English 10 Jan 87 p 3] /9317

MUSLIMS GATHER IN MAPUTO-Mapu to-Delegates from South Africa are amon*

hundreds of Muslims attending the fifth Conference of Southern Africa Islamic

Youth which opened in Maputo yesterday. The Mozambique News Agency said delegations attending the conference came from Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi,

Swaziland, Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia, Libya, Saudi Arabia and Sudan.

The theme of the conference is "Islam—a religion for all times and all

places. At yesterday's opening ceremony Mozambique's Minister of Justice

Mr Ossumane Ali Dauto, said the conference showed that reports on lack of

religious freedom in Mozambique were false. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR

in English 9 Jan 37 p 5] /9274

FORMER COMMANDOS IN TRAINING—-Special intervention units staffed by

former Mozambique commandos in the Portuguese army are to be formed

in Mozambique. Training of these units will also be entrusted to

these commandos, and is to be done mainly in the former B. Cac. 18

(Maputo) and in the Macussi barracks in Zambezia. But there are plans

to widen the experiment to other provinces as more former commandos

sign up for the program. There is also information indicating that

North Korean instructors are to train a military corps which will be

under the direct command of the president of the republic. Also, the

first 40 sargeants trained by the British at the Nyanga (Zimbabwe)

training center have arrived in the country. The Mozambique troops,

trained according to classical models inspired by the Soviets, have

shown major shortcomings in the area of combat readiness. / Text /

L Lisbon AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL in Portuguese 12 Oct 86 p 2_/ 9895

CSO: 3442/46

28
NAMIBIA

ANGOLA REARMAMENT POSES MILITARY, COUNTERINSURGENCY THREAT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Jan 87 p 13

[Text]

The Angolan armed forces may become arrogant as a result of the

conventional arms buildup in the

country and it is only a matter of

time before they feel they can challenge Namibian-based security

forces on or over Angolan territory,

according to a senior South African

Defence Force officer.

The outgoing General Offficer

Commanding the SWA Territory

Force, Major-General Georg Meiring, said it was particularly the Angolan Air Force that felt it could

challenge the superiority of its

South African counterpart.

He said the southern Angolan

radar net now covered northern Namibia and pilots felt free to fly

down to their southern border looking for action.

General Meiring said that while

there had been no aerial combat be-,

tween aircraft of the two countries

in four years, "if they think they can

take on our aircraft, they would".

Patrol under fire

Four years ago, South African jet

fighters shot down two MiG-21s in a

brief dogfight during a South African cross-border sortie.

General Meiring revealed that a

vehicle patrol that had crossed into

Angola to lift a Swapo weapons;

cache three months ago had been

attacked by Angolan fighters just

30 km from the Namibian border.

He said two MiG-21 aircraft had

taken off from Lubango in southwestern Angola and fired several

rockets at the Territory Force patrol.

None of the Namibian soldiers

had been injured, but the vehicle

was slightly damaged.

This was "an exceptional occurrence" that had not been repeated,

General Meiring said.

There had, however, been a number of other confrontations with

Fapla, the Angolan armed forces.

General Meiring said he did not

regard these clashes as serious,

apart from one incident when about

60 members of the Angolan Army

had been killed when they ambushed security force vehicles pursuing Swapo insurgents back into

Angola.

General Meiring, who takes Over

Northern Transvaal Command this

month, said a liaison point "of sorts'

had been established with the Angolan Army at Santa Clara on the

Namibian border.

5; The Angolans were usually notified when the security forces

crossed the border in pursuit of

Swapo. , J .

The security forces had crossed

into Angola on hot pursuit operations against Swapo "as often as in

the past, only last year we did not

publicise it".

General Meiring listed the Angolan Air Force's aircraft lineup as including MiG-21 and MiG-23 fighters,

the advanced Sukhoi SU-22 fighter

and Mi-25, Mi-8 and Mi-16 helicoptcrs.

The anti-aircraft defence system

comprised virtually the entire

range of Soviet-made SAM missiles,

including the sophisticated SAM-8

and SAM-6 tracked systems.

29
These surface-to-air missiles

were usea in conjunction with the

radar net and were deployed as fa

south as Cahama and Matala — less

than 300 km from the Namibian border.

General Meiring added that the

main radar stations were sited at

Lubango, Menongue and Luena as

well as intermittently at Cuito

Cuanavale.

Rebels from the Angolan resistance movement, Unita, claim to

have attacked Cuito Cuanavale in

the second half of last year, but the

success of the raid is in doubt.

General Meiring said the rearmament of southern Angola posed not

only a conventional military threat

to Namibia but also a potential

counter-insurgency one.

At present Swapo had no permanent bases closer than 250 km to

Namibia, fearing that a closer deployment would tempt pre-emptive

operations from Namibia.

In moving to Namibia, however,

insurgents sometimes used Angolan

Army transport, logistical lines and

medical assistance.

Asked whether the security forces

might not lose too many soldiers in

a pre-emptive strike should Swapo

create permanent bases with Fapla

in southern Angola, General Meiring said: "It depends how badly you

want to take that base."

In deploying in southern Angola,

insurgents maintained a headquarters element of two to three members who roved the area avoiding

security force detection while their

comrades crossed into Namibia to

carry out sabotage missions.

General Meiring said not only had

the northern Namibian bush war diminished by a third in the number

of incidents recorded last year compared with 1985, but Swapo had also

scaled down its activities.

"Instead of blowing up power stations, they are blowing up telephone

poles," said General Meiring.

Swapo had moved from its guerilla footing to a reorganisational

phase, he said, adding that the security forces had killed 645 members

of the People's Liberation Army of

Namibia (Swapo's military wing) in

1986.

General Meiring said the number

of Swapo fighters had decreased

from about 16 000 in 1978 to the

present level of about 8000.

Most were deployed against

Unita, leaving a potential force of a

about 1200 to infiltrate Namibia.

/9317

CSO: 3400/896

30
NAMIBIA

56 SWAPO GUERRILLAS KILLED IN SOUTHERN ANGOLA FIGHTING

Capetown CAPE TIMES in English 14 Jan 87 p 7

[Article by Brian Jones]

[Text]

WINDHOEK. — Fiftysix Swapo guerillas

and six SWA Territory Force (SWATF)

members have been

killed in fighting in

southern Angola over

the past four days, as

Swapo guerillas

began their annual

rainy season infiltration of Namibia.

These casualties bring

to nine the number of

SADF/SWATF troops

killed in less than a

week*

The security forces are

crossing into southern

Angola in an attempt to

strike at groups of guerillas before they reach

the Namibian border

from bases deep in the

Angolan bush.

And in another security incident in Namibia

yesterday, a man was

killed when a bomb exploded at a petrol station in Gobabis.

Another bomb was defused near the scene of

the explosion.

The SWATF said in a

statement yesterday that

56 members of Swapo s

military wing, the People's Liberation Army of

Namibia (PLAN), had

been shot in skirmishes.

Six SWATF members

had also died in the contacts. They were: Lance

Corporal M Fernandez,

25, Rifleman K Nyawaka,

20, Rifleman L Alweendo, 22, Rifleman P

Cerement, 25, Rifleman

E Leonard, 25, and Rifleman M Ndjolominus, 21.

The statement said the

Swapo guerillas preparing for the rainy season

infiltration of northern

Namibia in the low-lying

ground north of the border had become active.

After receiving information, the security

forces had moved

against the insurgents.

The officer commanding the SWATF, MajorGeneral Georg Meiring,

said last Friday that he,

expected PLAN'S infiltration to begin this

week and that security

forces could be deployed in southern

Angola as a preventive

measure.

A SWATF spokesman

discounted the possibility yesterday that Angolan troops had been involved in the most

recent skirmishes.

In a recent interview,

Maj-Gen Meiring warned

that the Angolan forces

could become increasingly confident and it

was a matter of time be-,

fore they felt ready to

challenge the South

African security forces

on Angolan territory.

Casualties in the Namibian bush war have risen fast this year.

On Sunday, Defence

Headquarters in Pretoria announced that

three members of the

South African Defence

Force (SADF) had been

killed in action against

Swapo guerillas, and

last week the SADF said

19 insurgents had been

killed.

Security force losses

have been relatively

heavy, with a ratio of

about one to every 10

guerillas killed so far

this year, compared to

what the SWATF said

was a l-to-20 ratio last

year.

In another war-related

incident, the SWATF reported yesterday that

four children were seriously injured on Saturday whenthey detonated

an anti-personnel mine

on a path near their

school in Ovamboland.

One child had lost both

legs.

The SWATF also said

that three PLAN members had shot dead a Mr

Timoteus Shikongo in

the Ovambo war zone.

Namibian police reported yesterday that a

700g high-explosive time

bomb exploded at a petrol station early yesterday morning at Gobabis,

about 200km east of

Windhoek, killing one

man and causing damage estimated at R45 000.

A second time bomb,

consisting of about 200g

of high explosives, had

been discovered nearby

and defused.

Police said it was believed that the bombs

had been planted by the

man who died in the

blast.

/9274

CSOf 3400/854

31
NAMIBIA

CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL DISCUSSES GROUP RIGHTS

MB282003 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1923 GMT 28 Jan 87

[Text] Windhoek, 28 January (SAPA)-The SWA/Namibian Constitutional Council

has begun discussing the politically contentious issue of whether and to

what extent ethnic, language and religious groups should be accommodated

through government structures, according to an official statement issued

in Windhoek today.

The present dispensation in the territory of ethnic second-tier authorities

created by Proclamation AG 8 (1980) has long been at the centre of political

dispute.

The exclusively-white SWA National Party, represented by its leader, Mr Kosie

Pretorius, is expected to team up with the Rehoboth Liberated Democratic

Party to argue m favour of optimal protection of group rights. Mr Pretorius,

who took his seat in the council at the beginning of this month, has been

a long-time champion of non-interference in affairs concerning any of the

11 officially-recognised ethnic groups in SWA/Namibia.

On the left of the SWA/Namibia Government's political spectrum, the

SWAPO-DEMOCRATS and the SWA National Union are favouring an outright

abolition of Proclamation AG 8.

At the centre, the Democrateic Turnhalle Alliance and the Coloured Labour

Party have declared themselves in favour of replacing the present ethnic

structures with regional administrations.

The Constitutional Council presently works on a consensus mechanism for

decision-making which avoids any topic being put to the vote. If, however

the Constitutional Council fails to reach agreement on a constitution by

11 July this year, decisions by the 16-member council will be taken by a

two-thirds majority vote.

/12858

CSO: 3400/853

32
NAMIBIA

NEW YEAR SEEN CRITICAL FOR TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jan 87 p A

[Text]

As the bells of Windhoek's famed

Christuskirche welcomed the birth

of 1987, Namibia raised a cynical

eyebrow.

What could the new year bring

that the old did not?

Former cabinet chairman Mr

Moses Katjiuongua heralded 1986 as

"the make-or-break year for the

Transitional Government of National Unity".

Last Thursday, Education Minis- ,

ter Mr Andrew Matjila lamented: ' "When somebody wishes me Happy

New Year, I wonder whether he is

trying to be funny."

Of the eight ministers in the Gov- :

ernment, Mr Matjila has probably

the most cause for despondency.

For what happened in those those

365 "make or break" days resulted

in Mr Matjila's decision to resign in

June if the Government cannot

overcome its internal squabbles.

With the Government having been

in power for 18 months, many Namibians feel it's time it established

' its credibility.

Constantly, the Government has

flaunted its Bill of Rights and objectives — freedom of speech, freedom

of movement, freedom of association. Look, we are civilised, it

seemed to say.

But, while the cynics sniggered

often last year, they were given

food for thought on many occasions

by the Supreme Court.

The Bench* led by Judge-President Mr Justice Hans Berker, is regarded as one of the most liberal in

Southern Africa.

First, Swapo meetings were legalised, resulting in a crowd of about

10 000 attending the first Katutura

rally. The meeting was quiet, a far

cry from the viciousness that

disrupted a November International

Year of Peace rally, when alleged

vigilantes killed a veteran Swapo

member, wounded dozens of supporters and wrecked cars.

No independent judicial inquiry

has yet been launched.

The basis for lifting the ban on

Swapo meetings was the Government's Bill of Rights.

It also served as a basis for successful applications against the

Government in regard to the rights

of detainees, Swapo guerillas and

the leading ethnocentric member

parties of the Government: the

white National Party of South West

Africa and the Rehoboth Free Democrats.

The Constitutional Council was

convened early in 1986 to work out a

constitution that could be submitted

to the people.

The reformists were in the majority. So the reactionaries sought to

invalidate each decision taken by

the council on the ground that one

of their fundamental rights, that of

free association, was being violated.

The application was rejected. But

a fortnight later, the parties seeking

to shed South Africa's apartheid and

security legislation yoke on Namibia were dismayed when a full

Bench of five judges ruled that laws

promulgated before the 1985. inauguration of the transitional government could not be challenged.

When apartheid made the headlines in 1986, it was primarily in

connection with education.

33
/9274

CSO! 3400/854

In terms of pre-transitional government legislation, each of the territory's 11 second-tier ethnic authorities is allowed to maintain its

own facilities.

While at the beginning of last

year, 35 000 black children were estimated by Mr Matjila to be on the

streets because of inadequate facilities, most white schools were underutilised and some were closed.

Mr Matjila vowed that when the

schools reopened on January7 they

would be open to all.

For six months he and several

colleagues fought for the normalisation of education. The primary foe

once again was the National Partydominated administration for

whites.

White intansigence won, prompting Finance Minister and veteran

statesman Mr Dirk Mudge to note:

"We have thrown awaya golden opportunity to prove we are not racists. Now the people have to wait

fora black, racialistic, government

to do what we could not."

In the north, the situation was

quieter than in recent years. While

Namibia today waits for the annual

wet season Swapo infiltration, the

people stand better prepared militarily to ward off an attack.

At present, 68 percent of the

forces deployed in the northern Namibian operational area with the

army are Namibians. All members

of the police counter-insurgency

unit, Koevoet, are Namibian citizens.

Jointly, they killed 625 insurgents,

compared with 599 the previous

year. .

There were no publicised crossborder sorties of note by the security forces into Angola during 1986. '

So, while Swapo marshalls its

forces for an infiltration, the transitional government marshalls its

own in an attempt to remove the

cause of Swapo popularity among

the people.

j. Ask any cabinet minister— it's

'1987 that is going to be the make-orbreakyear.

34
NAMIBIA

NUMBER OF TRADE UNIONS RISES, ACTIVITIES INCREASE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 9 Dec 86 p 5

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

IN THE "grand tradition" of Namibian politics,

trade unions are proliferating, with the last 18 monthsseeing a marked upsurge in the numbers-of trade unions formed as well as an increase in their activities.

Already this year, there have

been a number of strikes -

with varying degrees of

success.

These have included: Taurus

Chemicals at - Lüderitz,

Swameat, Hartliefs, and Sig-:

mark fruit and vegetable

wholesalers.

Although only two new

trade unions were registered

between 1978 and 1985, after

certain discriminatory aspects

of relevant industrial legislation were removed, four unions

have been officially registered

this year.

But, the largest boost to unionisation was undoubtedly

the recent launching of potentially the most powerful union,

the Mineworkers' Union of

Namibia (MUN).

It has brought together

representatives from five

Namibian mines, including the

"Big Three" - CDM, Rössing

and TCI.. Potential membership is around 12 000.

The forming of the MUN

also marks part of a concerted

bid this year to revive the umbrella National Union of

Namibian Workers (NUNW),

which has a longstanding affiliation with Swapo.

HISTORY

While orthodox trade unionism has never been strong in

Namibia, the first strike action

dates back to the late 1800s

when contract workers at Otavi

rebelled against harsh working

conditions on the farms and

mines.

Activisim increased in the

early 1950s as did official

retaliation, manifesting itself

in a crackdown.

After several strikes for pay

rises by Öwambo contract workers at Lüderitz and Walvis

Bay, "African" unions became

illegal.

The minimum sentence for

striking or instigating a strike

was five months imprisonment

and the maximum death.

However, workers defiantly

continued to strike, demandiing better pay, more humane

working conditions and, later,

the abolition of the contract

, worker system.

THE NUNW

The NUNW was initiated in

the late 1950s during the

founding of the Owambo People's Organisation (OPO) and

played a key role in perhaps the

bestknown strike: the 1971/72

general strike, which had wideranging political and economic implications.

In the late 1970s, the Department of Civic Affairs and

; Manpower turned down an application to have the NUNW

1 officially registered - reportedly because of its Swapo

links.

35
A member of the International Labour Organisation •

(ILO), the NUNW has been

largely dormant since 1980.

Organisers attribute this to

the introduction of AG 9

which provides for detention

without trial.

With its revival, the NUNW

has been been transformed

into an umbrella organisation.

Also under the NUNW is the

6 000-strong Namibian Food

and Allied Union (Nafau),

formed after 38 workers' committees were established .at •

food and food-related industries around Windhoek within

five months.

OTHERS

Apart from the NUNW,

there are at least two other umbrella organisations: the

Namibian National Trade Union (NNTU), and Mr Alpha

Kangueehi's National Trade

Union (NTU).

Mr Kangueehi is the former

Swanu (MPC) representative

in Botswana, but now main-,

tains he has no political affiliation.

The NNTU has also been

making overtures to municipal

workers.

Key mover in the NNTU is

Mr Theo Ngaujake. A member

of Swanu, before the party

split over participation in the

TG, he says he now has no political affiliation.

A member ofthe NNTU, the

Namibian Federation Trade

Union (NFTU) recently

formed a workers committee at

TCL.

Also under the NNTU umbrella is the Namibia

Wholesalers and Retailers

Workers' Union (NWRWU). It

was recently recognised by

Taeuber and Gorsen, where it

claims to represent 85% of all

employees.

/9317

CSO: 3400/963

REGISTRATION

This year four trade unions

r-have registered with the

:Department of Civic. ATfaits

and Manpower.

They are: the Namibia

Wholesalers and Retail Workers' Union, the Government

Service Association, the Rössing Mineworkers' Union

! (represented in the MUN) and

! the Society for Officials of

Financial Unions (representing bank personnel, with more

than 1 050 registered members

already).

Another three are having

their applications considered.

A number of trade unions

vyere already registered,

although a Civic Affairs and

Manpower spokesman said

while some are quite active,

others have been dormant.

-' These are Mr Hans Schoeman's SWA Municipal Staff

Association (reportedly quite

active); the Association for

Government Service Officials

(believed to be mainly 'white');

. the SWA Mineworkers' Union

(previously all 'white', but

which has now opened its

ranks to everybody and is

mainly operative at Tsumeb);

the SWA Building Workers'

Union; a branch of the SA

Typographical Union; and, a

fishermen's union at Lüderitz.

Unions under the umbrella

of the NUNW also plan to

register officially.

NUNW spokesman Anton

Lubowski said this would be

done as.soon as unions had

drafted constitutions and had

them approved by congress.

While umbrella organisations like the NUNW and

NNTU do not register, under

the ordinance member unions

have to register individually.

THE FUTURE

One ofthe major difficulties

confronting unions in

Namibia will undoubtedly be

unemployment - particularly

unskilled workers.

This was vividly illustrated

less than 10 days ago, when Sigmark manager Heinz Paanakker called in police, fired striking workers and immediately

filled hjs ranks from the unemployed.

The incident was sparked by

the firing of four workers

without prior warning, and

grievances over wages and

working conditions.

Whether unions will reflect

the fractured party political

scene remains to be seen.

, While they will face many

tests - not all ennumcrated

here - the government will

face the test of sincerity.

Although Manpower

Minister Moses Katjiuongua

has stated the TG is favourably

disposed to unions, a feeling or

unease has developed, even in

"moderate" circles over some

of his recent hardline statements on "quasi- or pseudotrade unions".

"I just hope this is not a sign

that the government wants to

control unions, and will be automatically opposed to those

who are more militant," was

how the spokesman for one of

the Territory's major employers put it;

EMPLOYERS ORGANISATIONS

Quite a few employers organisations are officially

registered.

They are the Electrical Contractors Association; the

Master Builders and Allied

Trades Association; the SWA

Chamber of Printing; the SWA

Motor Trade Association; the

Tischlerinnung von Südwes

Afrika; the SWA Master

Hairdressers' Association;

and, the Chamber of Mines.

36
NAMIBIA

GOLD, GAS BONANZA EXPECTED TO BOOST ECONOMY

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Jan 87 p 3

[Text]

WINDHOEK - Hope that the Nami-

. bian economy might receive a

boost from a gas and gold bonanza

next year was expressed yesterday

by Economic Affairs Minister Andreas Sbipanga.

He leaves for Europe on February 1

to discuss development of the potentially rich offshore Kudu gas

field.

And the Namibian Water Affairs Department confirmed this week it

was investigating the provision of

water for a possible Anglo American gold mine near Karibib.

Both projects are still at the feasibil-.

ity study stage, but Shipanga said

he hoped they would come to something.

The Namibian transitional government last year voted R25m for the

further exploration of the Kudu

field off the coast near Luderitz.

Two boreholes are being drilled this

year by Soekor and Sbipanga said

it should be clear by the end of the

year whether the field was commercially viable.

Shipanga's European trip will include

talks with a gas and petroleum

consortium and a visit to Britain's

North Sea gas field.

He said: "]t, as we expect, the Kudu

gas field is commercially viable,

we will start serious work on it

next year."

Anglo are remaining tight-lipped

about the extent of the gold finds

near Karibib, west of Windhoek.

Namibian Water Affairs Secretary

Pedro Maritz said yesterday Anglo

American had asked his department to investigate water supply

and supporting infrastructure.

He estimated the cost of a water

scheme for the mine at R20m and

said about two-million to'threemillion cubic metres of water

would be required annually.

An Anglo spokesman emphasised that

although the provision of water

was being investigated, it did not

mean the project was going ahead.

/9317

CSO: 3400/896

37
FORMER GOAL OF SCHOOL INTEGRATION NOW SEEMS REMOTE

Capetown THE ARGUS in English 16 Jan 87 p 12

[Article by Brendan Seery]

NAMIBIA

[Text]

WHEN Namibia's 361 000

school pupils returned to

their desks this week, the racial

integration of education was as

far off as it has always been.

For white children, it was'

back to well-equipped classrooms, swimming pools, tartan

athletics tracks and low teacher/pupil ratios. For blacks

and coloured it was back to

overcrowding, lack of basic

items like books, pencils and

even furniture. For some new

non-white pupils, there was

even the chilling reality of not

having a school place at all.

Some white schools are

closed through lack of pupils,

and in one small farming town

a school hostel has been sold

off to local business and turned

into a hotel. Outside Windhoek,

a multimillion-rand teachers'

training college stays threequarters empty because of the

colour bar.

All this in a country which, in

the late 1970s, looked like being

a blueprint for a future South

Africa, as petty apartheid was

outlawed and the group areas

restrictions were scrapped.

When the Transitional Government — the latest in a long

line of political experiments in

the territory — took office in

June 1985, it made much of its

pledges of equal rights and opportunities for all. The six

member parties of the coalition '

— from the left of centre

Swanu and Swapo-Democrats

to the rightwing National Party

of South West Africa appeared

sincere in their efforts to build

a new Namibia.

Substantial progress in

changing the status quo was a

political prerequisite for the

new government, if it was to

syphon off the strong popular

support for the revolutionaryleaning policies of Swapo.

Whatever cosmetic changes to

society may have been on the

minds of the Nats, it soon became clear that major amendments to the policy of separate

deveopment were not on the

party's agenda.

Thus, while apparently

agreeing to a Cabinet suggestion early last year that colour

be scrapped as a criterion for

entry to schools, the NP and its

hardline leadership dug in its

heels on the open schools question. This became particularly

spirited when Education Minister Andrew Matjila said he

wanted the doors opened as

early as the first term of 1987.

Both sides used the government's Bill of Fundamental

Rights to justify their positions.

Minister Matjila, with Finance

Minister Dirk Mudge and their

Cabinet allies, claimed that refusing to allow black and coloured children access to

whites-only schools was violat38
ing the human rights of those

children.

The NP countered that forcing the

white community to

accept

what it

called

"forced integration"

was likewise an infringement

of that

community's basic

rights.

"Human Rights Violations"

The Nats, too,

were heavily outvoted — 62 to

8 — in the National Assembly

in Windhoek, on a motion calling for the scrapping of the colour bar in schools.

Not that defeat there worried

the party unduly. They knew

they had the law on their side.

Under South African government Proclamation AG 8 of

1980, Namibia is divided up into

separate "ethnic" administrations, each of which is responsible for providing social facilities, health and education for

its own people.

The Administration for

Whites — an elected body — is

controlled by the NP, with Mr

Mudge's more liberal Republican Party having minority representation. Under the Administration's school regulations,

non-white children cannot be

admitted to educational institutions. And the NP has made it

clear that it has no intention of

amending those regulations.

The Administration for

Whites did, however, make one

"concession". It allowed individual school committees —

parents and teachers — to decided for themselves what they

wanted.

So far only one school — an

English-medium primary at the

coastal town of Swakopmund

— has made application to

open its doors to all.

All of which prompted Mr

Mudge to comment in despair

late last year: "We have thrown

away a golden opportunity to

prove we are not racists. Now

the people have to wait for a

black, racialistic government

to do what we could not".

Despite Mr Mudge's graveside tone, he and his like-minded colleagues intend to carry

the fight to the Nats this year.

Minister Matjila — who has

threatened to resign in June if

there is no progress on the issue — has warned that he will

take legal action against any

person or institution who refuses admission to pupils solely

on the grounds of colour.

/9317

CSO: 3400/896

39
NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

SCHOOL DESEGREGATION—Windhoek, 12 January (SAPA)—The question of desegregated

schools in SWA/Namibia is threatening to cause a major confrontation between

the territory's central transitional government and the second-tier

administration for whites. The minister of national education, Mr Andrew

Matjila, said today that court action would be taken against anyone who

refused a child enrollment at any school this Wednesday on the grounds of

race or colour. "It is a flagrant violation of the bill of rights,"

Mr Matjila said. Meanwhile, the chairman of the white's administration,

Mr Kosie Pretorius, said his administration could only act in terms of

existing legislation. The education ordinance of his administration stipulates

that children can only be allowed to register at schools under the control of

the administration if those children are classified as members of the white

population group. The National Assembly, the legislative arm of the transitional

government, carried a motion last year calling for the opening of schools in

SWA/Namibia to all races, but the necessary legislative action for such a step

was not taken. Mr Matjila said ways would have to be found to force the

second-tier white administration to conform to National Assembly resolutions

"otherwise it makes the whole assembly look stupid." [Text] [Joahnnesburg

SAPA in English 1539 GMT 12 Jan 87 MB] /12858

COMMANDER NOTES SUCCESS AGAINST SWAPO—The retiring officer commanding

Western Air Force Command, Brigadier Winston Thackeray, says a final victory

over SWAPO can be gained more quickly if everybody in the country cooperates

to achieve peace. Speaking in Windhoek at the official handing over of the

command to Brigadier Carel van Heerden, Brig Thackeray said the war in the

operational area was not only being fought during office hours, but was part

of the daily lives of the country's people. The brigadier said considerable

success had been achieved against SWAPO's military wing, and that 645 SWAPO

terrorists had been killed in the war last year. [Text] [Johannesburg

Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 13 Jan 87 MB] /12858

LEADER OFFERS COOPERATION AGAINST SWAPO—The chairman of the executive

committee of Kavango, Mr Sebastian Kamwanga, says the population of Kavango

is prepared to keep SWAPO's military wing from entering the country from

Angola for the second year in succession, by means of cooperation with the

security forces. Mr Kamwanga was reacting to reports that SWAPO's annual

rainy season offensive from Angola to the northern parts of southwest Africa

has begun. He said cooperation between the people of Kavango and the security

forces is improving all the time, and SWAPO would find it impossible to

penetrate the region without its presence being reported. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 23 Jan 87 MB] /12858

CSO: 3400/853

40
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

OFID LOAN--The OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) has approved

a $1 million balance of payments support loan. OFID has provided four other

such loans and one project loan for a product storage and distribution

scheme, costed at $4.2 million and due for completion in 1987. [Text]

[London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST in English Dec 86 p 38] /9317

CSO: 3400/840

41
SENEGAL

LOCAL ELECTION RESULTS FIND DIOUF IN CONTROL

Dakar LE DEVOIR in French 24 Dec 86 p 12

[Text] The recent reassessments of the socialist party's basic procedures, in

conformity to Circular No. 15 of the secretary-general, have not occasioned any

great upsets; for, except at the level of the second coordination of Dakar,

with the surprise victory of Lena Diagne-Fall at the expense of Oumar Ba, the

war between the old and the new that has marked these reassessments has almost

everywhere been settled by the victory of the trend toward renewal.

Politically, this new wave basically seems to include the madmen who surround

the president and thus allow Abdou Diouf better control over a party that up to

the present time has been totally hostile to the man and to his style.

This trend toward renewal, however, will remain in perfect cohabitation with

the former man, who is generally unwilling to die a natural death. Except in

Casamance where the changing of the guard is being looked after by Mamadou Cisse, with the voluntary retirement of Louis Dacosta.

Due allowance being made, no one was killed this year, which was not the case

in 1984 at Bignona and Kaffrine. In the latter place, the local Mata (Hari)

Diallo seriously shook up Momar Tall Cisse, moribund in both senses of the word.

In Dagana, the situation was deemed "serious" by reason of the rivalry between

Khaly Seye and Tidiane Niang. The possible return of Habib Thiam could make

the scales tip in favor of Tidiane Niang.

Still more uncertain was the situation at Rufisque, where Mbaye Jacques Diop

and Mamadou Cora-Fall are seemingly equal; but it would not be surprising to

see Mbaye Jacques Diop win the victory, given the feeble efforts made by CoraFall and the party's anxiety not to make anyone jealous: let Cora-Fall keep

his city hall and Mbaye Jacques his coordination.

Lamine Sarr, the old trouper, was exposed to Mustapha Ka in Fundiugne.

The trend toward renewal represented by the director of the cabinet of the

president of the republic could win, and all the more so in that Thierno Peulh

could settle in favor of Mustapha Ka.

42
The victory of Mbaye Diouf in Nioro was not much of a surprise; granted, no

one knew that the secretary of state for animal resources was such a political

animal himself. But his success should not surprise us if we realize how

Mbaye Diouf came out of the near-anonymity in which he had been cloaked by the

administration, and the possible reasons for his appointment to the animal resources job.

All in all, then, Diouffs vision of things is all the more confirmed by the

arrival of his own men in the posts he wanted to see them occupy.

It would potentially remain the case with certain gold-brickers such as Iba

Der Ihiam, in his very ambiguous position vis-a-vis the party. But given the

fact that the winds of Dioufism of the years of grace I, II and III will soon

begin to blow again and that the party itself is taking on a Dioufist hue, we

wager that all the gold-brickers will be rejoining the all-embracing socioDioufist family.

8117

CSO: 3419/52

43
SENEGAL

LOCAL ELECTIONS, REVITALIZATION OF SOCIALIST PARTY

Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 12 Nov 86 p 5

[Text] The socialist party, as we mentioned in our last edition, had thrown

itself into an obvious political marketing process during its reassessment of

basic procedures, by introducing into its official jargon the classifications

with problems" and "without problems," to refer to its coordinations [government party organs heading groups of local sections]. Now that these operations

are virtually terminated (only the coordinations of Matam, Bignona, Ziguinchor

and Kaffrine are "in the process of renewal"), their results confirm our doubts

as to the true application of internal democracy, the spearhead of Habdou in

his claim that his socialist party is the avant-garde party.

What confirms our skepticism is the figures: the socialist party numbers 46 coordinations in all, of which 19, more than a third, were designated "with problems before the renewal; now that we know the results for 42 of them, we count

36 reappointments of secretaries-general whose term of office is up and only

six replacements. Only unfortunates such as Omar Ba in the second Dakar coordination, Ibrahima Boye in the sixth, Abu Sy in the tenth, Thierno Ba in Fundiugne, Maky Gassama in Fatick commune and Kacer Fall in Kaolack department

have had to yield their seats, respectively, to Lena Diagna Fall, Maky Sail,

Alassane Daly Ndiaye, Mustapha Ka, Cumba Nooffene Diouf, Junior, and Mbaye

Diouf.

And that is not all, for out of the six who were toppled, three had been categorized as "with problems," and three others as "without." Therefore, for the

failures, the two camps~"with" and "without"~come out even. Three "K.O.s"

all around.^ It is true that the four coordinations that are "in the process

of renewal," which are going to decide between them, are all "with problems,"

but that does not compel us to come to any specific conclusion.

On the other hand, if one excludes the four that are "in process," which then

enter into the composition of those designated by our man, T.T. Fons, as the

coordinations with unsolvable problems, and if one considers only the figures

36 (reappointments) and six (topplings), one may conclude that the largest segment of the 46 coordinations remained in place as "euks" (rootstocks).

Nevertheless, since December 1984, the socialist party militants have shown

themselves to be fault-finders. Encouraged by the speeches of Habdou on the

44
willingness of the party to restructure itself on democratic foundations, they

have battled in the open and have expressed their willingness to attack traditionally client-serving and interdependent fortresses within the party. And it

had been believed that in 1986, things would move notably forward; but see for

yourself: Fatumata Ka in Diourbel; Laye "Kingsize" Diack in Kaolack; David I

in Linguere; Momar Talla Tourism in Kaffrine; Lamine Diack, Mamadou Diop~the

pages of this newspaper would not suffice to list them all—are immovable monuments on which young wolves come and ruin their teeth.

As for Habdou, the secretary-general of this little world, he thundered forth

in one of the numerous speeches he made during his stay in the department of

Matam, that he was opposed to sending in his men by parachute.

What an ostrich-like way to conduct politics! Habdou knows well that parachute

landings are a matter for the new-born government, which, in quest of consolidation, is sowing its people to all winds.

He tried his hand at that himself at the time of his accession.

Today his regime, six years old, is falling into one of the defects of aging

governments: patronage. Those whom he had sown have acquired a taste for the

soil in which power grows, and they are in the process of taking root. Instead

of talking of parachute landings, he should shake down certain baobab trees.

8117

CSO: 3419/52

45
SENEGAL

BACKGROUND, POLICY OF OST PARTY

Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 28 Nov 86 p 6

[Article by A. Wahab Diene]

[Text] Like most of the so-called leftist parties, the Socialist Workers' Organization (OST), which received its mandate in February 1982, is the end result of several mutations that took place in the political sector in the wake

of the disputes of May 1968.

In fact, according to OST leaders, it was after the certified report of failure

and bankruptcy of the original African Independence Party in 1968 that young

people, chiefly from educational circles, both students and teachers, created

a think-tank called the "Workers* Avant-Garde," whose aim was to seek out ways

and means to allow them to create a revolutionary movement that might respond

to the demands of the times.

It was after that that the "Workers Avant-Garde," although initially composed

of students and teachers, had to extend its action into workers' circles, while

still retaining its character as a shapeless clandestine organization. But as

the years went by, the scope of the tasks it had to confront in an ever more

repressive conjuncture led its most determined members to creat the GOR (Revolutionary Workers' Group) in 1975, which opted clearly for Trotskyism and membership in the Fourth International.

From then on, the process of creating a revolutionary party has taken a decisive turn.

Thus in a manifesto published in 1981, the precursors of the OST declare: "The

Marxist revolutionaries do not act on their own account. They are convinced

that it is not by means of a series of spontaneous uprisings that the working

class will realize its strategic goals. The struggle for the abolition of imperialist oppression and exploitation is a struggle of titans, which demands

that the working class provide for itself an authentically revolutionary administrative staff.

"Such a staff is the Revolutionary Workers' Party, possessed of a revolutionary

proletarian program knit together by iron discipline and made up of highly conscious elements of the Avant-Garde, animated by courage, resoluteness and a

46
spirit of sacrifice—only such a party can resist bourgeois pressures and properly direct the working class and its allies."

Here is the place to mention that before the publication of the above-mentioned

manifesto, one fraction of the GOR had already declared itself the Communist

Workers' League (LCT), which we have already presented. But the motives behind

the existence of two organizations, each of which claims to be Trotskyist, have

not been made clear to us, neither by the one nor by the other, although we

have clearly stated the problem. We hope to receive some enlightenment from

them concerning this problem.

On the doctrinal level, the OST considers itself the "heir to the tradition of

the Senegalese Trotskyite movement and the continuator of the GOR Action. It

claims to be the original nucleus on which will be built the revolutionary party of the working class.

The OST is taking root, developing and educating itself among the working class.

Its rules are those that Trotsky formulated in the basic program of the Fourth

International: "To face up to reality, to call things by their true name, to

tell the truth to the masses, however bitter it may be, not to be afraid of obstacles, to be strict in small matters as in great, to be daring when it comes

time to act."

On the programmatic level, the OST believes that it is up to the working class

to achieve, as democratic bourgeois tasks, both national liberation and agrarian reform. Basically, the revolutionary process will take on a character of

permanent revolution. There will be no historically distinct steps between the

^Democratic Bourgeois Revolution" and the socialist revolution. There will be

only one Revolution, permanent in its character and development, in the course

of which the proletariat, carrying along with it the disinherited masses of the

cities and the countryside, takes command, fulfills the democratic tasks, and

by means of this process assures the continued growth of the Revolution as a

socialist revolution, by the expropriation of the bourgeoisie and the socialist

reorganization of the economy."

The accomplishment of such tasks could not be the work of a single organization

and a single class, however. So the OST advocates the broadest possible alliance on the national as well as the international level.

For this reason it is a member of ADS (Senegalese Democratic Alliance), of

which it is currently taking the presidency.

P.S. Like the LCT, the OST has no secretary-general. It is directed by a political bureau made up of four members, whose names follow:

Ahmadou Guiro, professor

El Hadj Mamadou Diop, laborer

Lamine Dial, engineer

Badara Ndiaye, teacher

8117

CSO: 3419/52

47
SIERRA LEONE

CONNECTIONS, DEALINGS WITH SOUTH AFRICA ALLEGED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 7 Jan 87 pp 1-2

[Text]

Some months ago Africa Confidential published

details of the South African and Israeli connections

of a company which has gained enormous influence

over the Sierra Leonean government and a foothold

in the economy, HAT Finance Trade and Construction Ltd (AC Vol 27 No 19). Now there is a new

twist to the story. L1AT is working closely with one

of the world's major sanction-busters, Marc Rich &

Co. Company chairman Marc Rich, a commodity

dealer, has become one of the two biggest suppliers

of crude oil to South Africa in recent years, shipping

an estimated 2.5 million tons between 1983 and late

1986 in defiance of international embargoes (AC

Vols 24 No 1 and 27 No 17). This raises the question

of what attitude the South African state will take to

these developments in Sierra Leone.

The South African connections of both Rich and

LI AT are multiple. L1AT is headed by an Israeli of

Soviet origin, Shaptai Kalmanowitch. He is also the

accredited diplomatic representative in Israel for

the South African 'homeland' of Bophuthatswana.

L1AT has an office in Bophuthatswana and employs

ex-Bophuthatswana government staff. We learn too

that a Kalmanowitch company was the contractor

for construction of the independence stadium in

Bophuthatswana's capital of Mmabatho and has

other construction interests in the homeland. The

same building in Tel Aviv houses both a LIAT office

and the Bophuthatswana consulate. The flamboyant

Kalmanowitch owns property at Mongin on the

French Riviera, where he drives a Rolls-Royce formerly belonging to Rumania's President Nicolac

Ccausescu.

Marc Rich made a fortune dealing in oil for Phillip

Brothers in Madrid in the early 1970s. He also dealt

with success in other materials. His talent is now

channelled through his own multinational company.

Rich's offices in Zug, Switzerland, under Pincus

Green and in Madrid appear to be in charge of

Sierra Leonean operations.

Sierra Leone undoubtedly has long-term business

interest: good agricultural potential, abundant fish,

forests, and minerals including diamonds. LIAT,'

named after Kalmanowitch's daughter, made its first

impressions in Freetown by proposing to build a

bridge from the capital to Lungi airport at very low

cost. For various reasons the bridge project seems

no longer to be on the agenda. However Kalmanowitch has won the admiration of President Joseph

Momoh and his wife Hanna, as well as of some

ministers. But not every Sierra Leonean politician

loves LIAT, and a group called the Pan-African

Union, as well as the local newspaper For di People,

has denounced its influence, equating it with support

lor zionism and apartheid.

Momoh told Kalmanowitch that the country

needed buses, food, housing and oil. During 1986

LIAT provided two buses, which we understand

were delivered ceremoniously to State House, from

where Hanna Momoh takes a close interest in the

bus service. They are serviced by Israeli mechanics.

Next, LIAT set up a poultry farm. It also acquired

rights to the defunct iron ore mine at Marampa.

This is where Rich came in. He boueht iron ore

stocks at Marampa for several million dollars in

cash. It was apparently Kalmanowitch who also

arranged for the arrival of a shipment of oil by Marc

Rich. It is not clear who paid for the oil, since the

government issued no letters of credit. Kalmanowitch

has travelled to the Soviet Union with a Sierra

48
/9274

CSO: 3400/823

Leonean delegation on a Sierra Leonean diplomatic

passport and has accompanied the minister of agriculture to Israel, although he reportedly failed to

secure a meeting with top Israeli officials. Kalmanowitch is a 1'rcquem visitor to Belgium, nerve

centre of the international diamond trade. He has

ambitions to move into Guinea and would like to

interest the government there in the construction ol

a Bophuthatswana-type stadium.

There is now a plan to revive a kimberlitc diamond

mine near Koidu, a project which has been a bone

of contention between Selection Trust, BP Minerals,

de Beers and the late Precious Minerals Marketing

Companv. In this connection, Kalmanowitch introduced to Momoh the London-based Industrial

Diamond Company (IDC) headed by Jack Lunzer,

one o( the world's best-known diamond dealers

who is already buying Sierra leonean diamonds at

auction. The cost of exploiting the Koidu kimberlitc

mine will be some $40 m. flic Finnish mining company, Outokumpu. is acting as consultant. Also

involved in the project are 1.1AT, Marc Rich, and

Afro-West, a small outfit with Australian connections.

IDC's presence in the Koidu project is selfexplanatory, since diamonds are its business. Hut

the potential role of the other interested parties is

somewhat mysterious, since they have nothing

obvious to offer by way of diamond expertise, and

Kalmanowitch has previously said he has no interest

in the diamond business. LI AT already buys local

alluvial diamonds, which it is allowed to export

without repatriating, the consequent foreign exchange

earnings. There are endless complications. The Saudi

sheikh, Abdullah Bin Kafaah, who shipped earthmoving equipment to Sierra Leone in 1984 with the

aim of mining gold, has a stake in the kimberlitc in

the form ol" promissory notes given to him in return

for his machinery. He is loathe to renounce these

now.

In Sierra Leone's current economic plight, it is

not surprising that the government should go for a

potential revenue-earner in spite of the involvement

of some of the parties concerned with South Africa.

The South African government is currently making

strenuous efforts to set up commercial entrepots and

sanctions-busting outlets throughout the continent.

It has to be interested by the foothold established

by people such as Rich and Kalmanowitch who are

already well-connected in South Africa«

49
TANZANIA

PRESIDENT CALLS FOR WORLD SUPPORT FOR MOZAMBIQUE

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 7 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by James Mwakisyala]

[Text]

'PRESIDENT Mwinyi yesterday

called on the international community to give Mozambique full

moral and material support so

that it can effectively withstand

and defeat South Africa's military and economic aggression.

"Wc hope that the international community will respond

positively and swiftly to her

(Mozambique's) plight", he

stressed.

The President made the call

when addressing diplomats at

the Stale House in Dar es

Salaam at a traditional gettogether between the President

and mcmDcrs or the diplomatic

corps at the start of the year.

lie said Tanzania "will continue to support the brotherly

people of Mozambique in their

just struggle to defend their territorial integrity.

He said Mozambique, a country which has never known peace

since its independence in 1975

because of South Africa's sponsored aggression, "now urgently

needs food, financial and material assistance".

President Mwinyi told the diplomats that it was an open secret

that the MNR (Mozambique

National Resistance) bandits

were actually trained, armed and

financed by South Africa and

hired to carry out aggression in

Mozambique.

The bandits had of late intensified their aggression in

Mozambique at the behest of the

Pretoria regime by committing

atrocities against Mozambicans.

"We are also deeply concerned about South Africa's

,a_ggrcssion and destabilisation

policies against the independent

neighbouring countries," he

said, reminding the diplomats

how such acts led to the sudden

and tragic death of "our brother

and colleague," President Samora Machet in an unexplained

plane crash inside South Africa.

. "That regime is at war with its

own people. Throughout 1986, it

continued to torture, massacre,

detain without trial and maim

.innocent women and children in

their efforts to stop the wind of

change.

He said Tanzania would continue to support the people of

South Africa through their

national liberation movements

until apartheid was eliminated.

Tanzania, President Mwinyi

said, would also continue to support the people of Namibia in

their struggle against the illegal

occupation of their territory by

South Africa. She would do so in

close co-operation with her colleagues in the Frontline States,

he said.

Imposition of mandatory and

comprehensive sanctions against

South Africa remained . the

only peaceful means left to effectively fight apartheid, he said,

expressing appreciation that the

trend on the matter "is gaining

increasing world momentum."

The President praised donors

to the Tanzania's three-year

economic recovery programme

ushered in last July after an

agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

"Wc highly appreciate the

important role you played... We

are encouraged by pledges of

financial assistance... (and) we

shall, on our part, do everything

in our capacity so thai we mav

become worthy of this support.

The President expressed continued commitment to the Preferential Trade Area (PTA) Treaty, and the Southern Africa

Development Co-ordination

Conference (SADCC). He also

stressed good neighbourliness.

Earlier. I In- I Jean of ihr

Diplomatic' Corps in Tanzania.

Ndugu Ktisebio Kcliastiao

Junior, congratulated the

President on efforts he was

making since Ix'ing elected iiml

promised to further the existing

co-operation between Tanzania

and other countries.

Ndugu Kcliastiao Junior, who

is the Angolan Ambassador, said

that if no! much was done last

year, it was due to the international economic situation

which was beyond many countries' control.

"We can assure you Mr.

President thai in IUH7, we will

try our best to belter the cooperation between .our countries

and the United Hcpublic of Tanzania", Ndugu .Sebastian Junior

said.

/9317

CSO: 3400/963

50
TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR ACTS AGAINST CIVIL SERVICE IRRESPONSIBILITY

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 16 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Abdallah Yakuti]

[Text]

THE Zanzibar Revolutionary Government has announced new measures to

intensify the campaign against indiscipline and irresponsibility in the Civil Service, under which senior public officials will be accountable for misconduct by

their juniors. s • Speaking at a seminar for Principal Secretaries, heads of government departments and parastatal organisations in Zanzibar yesterday, the Isles Chief Minister, Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad, said the exercise to rout out indisciplined and

irresponsible workers in the public service had slackened because it lacked the

jpport of senior government officials.

Henceforth, ....._7. the Chief " Minister declared wh< when opening the seminar,, the government would

take punitive measures against principal secretaries, department directors and general managers; for misdeeds by the rank and file in their respective areas and not office supervisors as was

the case previously.

The tough stance by the Zanzibar Government comes in the wake

of poor response by the Isles senior public officials including ministers, to spearhead the execution of the campaign to get rid of laxity

and mismanagement in government departments and parastatal

organisations. . . Tightened discipline and accountability is the sole topic tor the

one-day seminar held at the CC'M sub-head office here.

In the speech, read on his behalf by the Minister of State in the

Chief Minister's Office, Ndugu Said Bakari .lecha, Ndugu Hamad

said that many accounting officers (principal secretaries, directors

and general managers) lacked sufficient sense of duty and probity,

worked through old-boy network or shunned responsibility for fear

of being termed "bad bosses".

He said this "neutral" positionby the senior officers was clearly

exemplified by the style of letters they wrote to culprits or glit under

the campaign, following impromptu visits by the Chief Minister or

the special committee composed of all principal secretaries to public

institutions here. '

Ndugu Hamad said most of the letters read: ".... As directed by the

Chief Minister, you are suspended or your salary would be slashed by

a third because of reporting late to duty or for not fulfilling your

responsibility", meaning that the accounting officers were disassociating themselves from the campaign and, therefore, the punishment mettcd.

51
/9317

CSO: 3400/963

'This has created the impression that the crack-down was not the

brain child ofthe Party or the Government, but by the Chief Minister

himself", Ndugu Hamad said in the speech.

He said the few senior officers who took part in the campaign, did

so just to settle old scores because they punished diligent workers and

not bad elements. '.

The Chief Minister challenged the seminar to evolve strategies (hat

would arrest the deteriorating discipline in the public service, stressing that mismanagement and irresponsibility had gnawed at the core

of the public confidence in the Government.

OLD-BOY NETWORK

Since the campaign began last March, the Zanzibar Government

has sacked 21, suspended 29 and fined 234 public officials for irresponsibility.

Meanwhile, the Zanzibar Revolutionary Government has been commended for establishing a Commission to rationalise appointment and

recruitment procedures in the Civil Service.

However, participants to the one;day seminar urged the Commission to

strictly abide by highqualifications for those it recommends for appointments

in the Government and parastatal organisations.

Previously, they said, appointments to the senior posts or recruitment in

the public service was purely based on old-boy network, nepotism of a political or family nature or favouritism resulting into incompetents assuming

senior leadership positions in the Government.

The participants attributed this to indiscipline, irresponsibility and lack of

accountability in the public sector, noting that in the absence of professional

competence, the so:called directors or managers could not execute duties

entrusted on them including supervising juniors.

In their recommendations to the Government, the seminar participants

also called for increased authority on the top officials so that they could he in

a position to sanction irresponsible and indisciplined juniors by way of transfer, demotion or withholding annual increments.

Chaired by the Secretary to the Zanzibar Revolutionary Council. Ndugu

Jaffar Mfaume. the seminar also complained of too much interference by

higher authorities even on routine matters such as job assignments or transfers to the detriment of discipline at work places.

The Zanzibar Minister of State in the Chief Minister's Office, who is also

the Attorney-General, Ndugu A.bubakarKhamis, later closed the seminar at

the CCM sub-head office at Kisiwandui.

52
TANZANIA

PACT SIGNED WITH BURUNDI TO INCREASE BORDER TRADE

Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Dec 86 p 12

[Text]

ARUSHA.

TANZANIA and Burundi have signed a new

five-year trade agreement intended to increase

border trade and combat smuggling across

their common boundary.

The agreement (followed

a meeting of the second

session of the Tanzania/

Burundi joint commission

held in this northern

Tanzanian tourist town

at the weekend.

Under the agreement

Tanzania will sell to Burundi a number of Items,

which include salt, cement, textiles, cooking

all, soap, corrugated Iron

sheets, radios and batteries. . Others are canned

foods, matches, cigarettes,

electric transformers and

radiators.

Tanzania will buy from

Burundi blankets, hides

and skins, detergents,

textiles, paints and varnish. Others are insecticide powder, pharmaceutical products, foam matresses and plastic pipes.

ma Halima, said payment arrangements were

being worked oat by the

central banks of the «wo

countries.

He said the payment

arrangements would operate through the Preferential Trade Area act

of which both countries

are members.

A joint communique

said the two countries discussed transport and communication, education,

culture, information,

health, security and immigration.

They agreed to further

consolidate and strengthen the existing links and

improve transportation

and communication links.

Tanzania and Burundi,

together with Rwanda

and Uganda, are also

members of the Kagera

Basin Organisation which

Tahzanian minister to aims at developing agrithe presidency, respon- culture, energy and comsiible for international munication, — Ziana-Shico-operatlon, Ode Klgho- hata-Pana.

/9317

CSO: 3400/962

53
TANZANIA

MINISTER TERMS TRADE LIBERALIZATION 'TEMPORARY'

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 25 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by Moses Kitururu]

[Text]

THE liberalisation of trade is a

temporary measure by the

government to stimulate competition among local manufacturers to contribute to the

national economic recovery

programme.

The move was expected to

push local enterpreneurs to not

phly increase output but also improve quality of their products to

be sold at competitive prices.

This was said by the Minister

• for Finance, Economic Affairs

;and Planning, Ndugu Cleopa

. Msuya during his address to the

Tanzania Journalists'

:• Association in Dar es Salaam.

He said the government would

soon issue a statement assessing

Ithe scheme and its contribution

'to the economic recovery

programme adding that once the

;ecohomy improved, the trade

i liberalisation scheme would

naturally cease.

' Under the liberalisation

policy, exporters retain 50 per

cent of the export earnings so

that they can import more.

Said the minister, "This

toüntry has great potential for

achieving the targets of the

recovery programme". The

national resources built over the

last 26 years could provide

solutions to the economic

i problems if utilised properly and

effectively, Ndugu Msuya said.

•The 40m/- loss.reported by

.'the..Tanzania Breweries Limited

l(TJBL) last October could have

jbeeh uncovered ten months

[earlier in December 1985 if a

[Special audit ordered by TBL

'head office was carried out.

The intervention would have

prevented the disappearance of

at least 3*300 cases dispatched

ifrom the Arusha brewery to the

MtoiWa-Mbu Depot; also in

i Arusha between July and

'November last year. The crates

Were not received at the depot;

i The diversion of beer

allocated to Mto-wa-Mbu and

Raratu Depots from the Arusha

brewery was suspected in 1985

by the forme«: TBL Executive

Chairman, Ndugu Patrick Qorro,

who ordered a special audit

towards the end of the year.

, At least four of the company's

employees, are helping police

With their investigations into the

case.

:" »The management of the

Kilombero Sugar Company has

been restructured and some of

-its senioj^stalf transferred under

recommendations drawn by the

Presidential Commission investigating the shooting of four

sugarcane cutters last year.

The company's management

had also been directed to involve

sugarcane cutters in making

.decisions which affect their

welfare. ;

The measures were announced early in the week by the

Ministiy of Agriculture and

Livestock Development.

The ministiy had further

directed Kilombcro's holding

company, the Sugar Development Corporation to extend a

10m/- loan to the sugar company to finance improved

housing for sugar cane cutters.

Kilombero had budgetted

2.7m/- for the project this year.

•Other reports had it that the

Italian Government is working

on modalities for funds for 50

tractors to be donated to

Morogoro Region.

The Italian Ambassador to

Tanzania, Mr. F.M. Longhi,

said this in the city while commenting on the progress of the

Morogoro mechanized

agricultural project which has

150 Italian-donated tractors.

The project is being imI plemented by the UN Food and

' Agricultural Organisation. He

said the achievement of the

project were evident in the increased agricultural production

in the region.

•Trade this week witnessed a

closer relationship Iwtween

Oman! businessmen and their

Tanzania counterpart after the

former paid a visit of the country.

The Vice-President ol the

Omani Chamber of Commerce,

54
Sheikh Khamis Ali Al Hashir

told members" of the Dar es

Salaam Chamber of Commerce,

that Oman was ready to promote

Tanzania in the Gulf States and

the Arab world with a view to

fostering trade relations.

"We do not want to start

something , like a flower that

blossoms In a short time and

wither later...we have to take

time, and make some effort to

establish firm relations", he

said.

•From the Isles, it was announced that the Zanzibar Electoral Commission has extended

by one week, the polling date for

the Isles Local Government elee-.

tions which will now be held on

Februarv 8.

The extension has been made

to allow Zanzibaris join fellow

Tanzanians in marking the 10th

Anniversary of CCM and two

decades of the Arusha

Declaration, being held at

national level in Dodoma.

Similarly, the commission has

postponed the campaigns for the

elections.' They will now start on

January 27 and end on February

6. They were earlier set for

January 20 to 30.

The commission described the

celebrations and the Isles local

government elections as events

of great political significance to

Tanzania and as such it was

improper to hold them

simultaneously.

•Party Chairman, Mwalimu

Nyerere, has been presented

with the peace medal awarded to

him by the Greece .Peace

Movement during a five'-

continent peace conference held

in Athens from December 13 to

17.

Speaking at the occasion held

at his Msasani Residence in the

city, Mwalimu said the main objective of the six-nation world

Peace Initiative Group is to influence public opinion in the

countries of the two superpowers against the aims race.

The group, he said, aimed at

stimulating global concern over

the manufacture of nuclear,

weapons, especially in the

United States and Soviet Union,

who are competing in manufacturing dangerous weapons.

The medal was presented to

him by a National Member of

Parliament, Ndugu Edward

Lowassa. He said the Athens

meeting appreciated efforts by

leaders of the six nations including Tanzania, Greece,

Mexico, India, Argentina and

Sweden. It was attended by

more than 200 delegates from ail

five continents.

•Dar es Salaam and Mara

regions were crime hot spots

last, the Inspector General of

Police, Ndugu Harun Mahundi

told a press conference in the

city during the week.

On the other hand he said

fraud had reached such an alarming stage that people were now

stealing in millions.

Without giving details, he said

the just ended national executive

committee of the Party in the

police force in Moshi, had noted

with satisfaction the work of the

force last year and recommended

a number of strategies to the

government.

Last year, the police seized

244 guns of different makes, 339

sticks of dynamites, 100 boxes of

explosives and 5,671 rounds of

ammunition.

In 1985, 192 guns, 2,956

rounds of ammunition were

seized. During the same period,

the police also seized 12,116

sticks of dynamites and 37 boxes

of explosives.

/9317

CSO: 3400/962

55
TANZANIA

DAR ES SALAAM PORT CAPACITY TO DOUBLE

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 16 Dec 86 p 1

[Article by Zephania Musendo]

[Text]

THE Tanzania Harbours

Authority (THA) is taking measures to double Dar es Salaam

Port's cargo handling capacity to

serve Frontline States and the

landlocked Southern. African

countries in the event • of

economic sanctions by the inter?

SoUlh Africa.

The THA .General Manager,

Ndugu Athumani Janguo, told

the Prime Minister and First

Vice-President, Ndugu Joseph

Warioba, yesterday that with the

completion of the World Bankfunded port rehabilitation and

modernisation of. the container

terminal, Dar es Salaam Port

would handle four million ton?

nes of cargo per annum.

The port's present cargo handling capacity is 2.5 million tonnes

a year. Ndugu Janguo said the

sanctions would revert Zambian, Zimbabwean, Botswana,

Malawi and Zairean cargo from

South African ports'to Tanzatnian or Mozambican ports.

The: THA management has

proposed to the Government

certain measures to cope wifh \

the added responsibility. Ndugu

Janguo told the Premier that

THA would rehabilitate loading and off-loading facilities at

the port, complete development

projects., .ajid raise workers'

enthusiasm'and efficiency:

A THA delegation to Malawi

recently established that with

economicfsanctions against the

South African regime, Malawi

would route 95 per cent of her

imports and exportsthrough Dar

os Salaam port, ' yf'

HOwever, another team sent

to Zambia and Zimbabwe to

explore possibilities of, .routing

cargo to .and from these countries through Tanzania had

found out that some Zambian

businessmen were reluctant to

use'iDarej'Salaam Port doubting

its handling capability.

It also found out that Zimbabwe private businessmen were

still Undecided, on using Dar es

Salaam.

To correct the situation, the

THA had embarked on a publicity campaign to expel the doubts

and fear. A brochure for

SADCC countries would be

published next month.

. Business concerns from

Southern African countries and

Frontline .States would also be

invited to visit Dares Salaam

Port for a familiarisation tour

and an on-the-spot inspection.

Reporting on the performance

of the Dar es Salaam Port,

Ndugu Janguo said the Port had

handled more carco for Zambia.

Zaire, Burundi and Rwanda

from 745,%3 tonnes last year to

1,158,835 tonnes this ycar._

Earlier, the Prime Minister

toured the Tanzania Railways

Corporation (TRC) workshop.

Ndugu Warioba hailed the

efforts made by TRC in hauling

crops and oilier agricultural

goods.

Ndugu Warioba also toured

the Tanzania-Zambia Railways

Authority workshop where he

stressed efficiency and the Tanzania Italian Petroleum Refinery

(TIPER) where he praised the

management and workers for

their increased efforts at production.

"", ' pve^en'.'t.! '';..

Premier with 10,000/-to help the

struggling brothers of Mozambique against South African and

MNR aggression.

Today, Ndugu Warioba will

tour Auto Mcch, Aluminium

. Africa, Afro Cooling system and

■■ the SIDO workshop, on the second day of a three-day tour of

Dar es Salaam industries.

/9317

CSO: 3400/962

56
TANZANIA

USE OF APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDED

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 6 Jan 87 p 5

[Text]

MOST of'the writers have tried'

to point out some of the snags or

rattier impediments for quick

and smooth socialist transformation . in Tanzania.

Socialist transformation should

not be done in one sector only.

It. must be supported by transformation in other sectors also.

There is wide range of

knowledge available for

producing various goods and services. So you have to distinguish

between large scale; medium

scale, and small scale or simple

Technology. Here is where we

found ourselves making a wrong

choice.

Despite the Ujamaa and self

Reliance, including government

Policies towards an increase in

the use of local resources, there

was not much change in the

Character of Industries

established after A rush a

Declaration. Industries continued to depend on Import substitution industries.

With the Arusha

Nationalisation huge farms were

brought under National control.

The villagization programme

brought together peasants. This

created potential for the spread

of modern Technology including

use of better inputs, seeds,

irrigation, health services etc.

But for several reasons the..

Technology employed in villages

has remained the same even to

date. There ' has been

deterioration in irrigation work,

in ctop husbandry, methods etc.

The Technology choice in

production after the Arusha

Declaration continued to be

large capital intensive

Technology. There was no built

in national capability to be able

to service Technology. '1'!"'

management in the parastataH

have down-graded domestic

skills and up-graded foreign

skills (wrong Choice).

Historically the 'I anzania

economy was controlled and

directed by the mctropole and

the socio-economic structure

were established to serve the interests of the mctropole. Tanzania; like any other developing

country adopted the importsubstitution and export orientation Industrial strategy. The

strategy which does not consider

the question of ownership and

niavket!

The industrial structure in a

developing country like '" '-

zania should have involved :.e

development, of a system

whereby the country relies

primarily on its own needs,

development of local market and

of local technology capability;

indigenous science and

technology and capital goods

manufacturing capability. The

import substituion and export

orientation industrial strategy

Tanzania lias adopted acts as a

barrier to setting up of local

basic industries and difficulty ol

exporting capital goods to extend

the market.. The strategy doesn't

oppose finance capital: '»

57
/9317

CSO: 3400/962

initiates indigenous science and

technology capability.

By the ideology of socialism'

and the policy of socialism "and'

self reliance Tanzania intends to

build a self sustaining economy

with capital formation within,

the economy which in turn

requires skills, learning process

and hard struggle. It entails

. structural change in production

so as to serve domestic market

instead of producing for exporting. The ideology stresses

self-reliance and doing away

with exploitation but the inV.

dustrial strategy still depends on

foreign Finance, and doesn't

transform the structure of the

society and thus: consolidating

economic dependence' and endangering self-sustaining

economy.

But this shouldn't frustrate

us. Still we have time to readdress ourselves to choose appropriate technology.

Technology development

policies should be created

'through technology imports so as

to indigenise the technology to

build capacity to service

Development: To create policies

towards making use of domestic

resources — materials, tools,

parts and components of

machinery and equipment.

Provision of incentives to

technical cadres and then push

•them'in the Rural areas rather

•than being centred in Urlwn

areas. Lastly the government

should bargain in the process of

Transfer of technology, i.e.

seeking information about the

other part; technology in

question and about ranges of

technology available and sup-1

pliers available and their terms.

For this then, we need a ~onsolidätion of cadres including

engineers, lawyers, financial

analysts and economists.

BABAH; H.S.

X-ustpms and Sales Tax Dept.

P.O. Box 9053,

Dar es Salaam.

58
TOGO

BRIEFS

CEAUSESCU MESSAGE DELIVERED—General Gnassingbe Eyadema, RPT founding chairman

and president of the Republic, received this morning at the Presidential Palace

in Lome His Excellency Dr Vasile Chivulescu, ambassador of the Socialist Republic of Romania to Togo. [Words indistinct] expressed to General Eyadema the

gratitude and congratulations of the Romanian delegation which, on 13 January,

participated in the festivities that marked the 20th anniversary of our natxonal liberation. At the end of the audience, Dr Chivulescu made the following

statement to the press. [Begin Chivulescu recording in Romanian with consecutive French translation] During the audience, we informed His Excellency

Gen Gnassingbe Eyadema about the acceptance of the invitation extended to

President Ceausescu and his wife to pay a friendly official visit to Togo

in 1987. [Excerpts] [Lome Domestic Service in French 1230 GMT 30 Jan 87 ABJ

/7358

CSO: 3400/912

59
ZAIRE

LEADER OF OPPOSITION CONGOLESE LIBERATION PARTY INTERVIEWED

London AFRICAN CONCORD in English 27 Nov 86 pp 18-19

[Interview with Antinio Kibingu, leader of Congolese Liberation Party, by

Henry Gombya]

[Text]

Three years ago the Congolese Liberation Party (PLC) was established

to wage an armed struggle against President Mobutu Sese Seko who

seized power in 1965. Our Kampala Correspondent; Henry Gombya,

spoke with its leader Antinio Kibinguv a former member of Patrice

Luirmmba^Mouvement National Cbngolais. Lumumba, Zaire's (then

the Congo) first leader, was widely believed to have been assassinated bv

his rival Mobutu in 1961;

Q; Could you explain, the basis of your

movement?

A: The movement was formed in 1983 in

opposition to the Mobutu regime: Mobutu

is afascist who does notwant to negotiate or

discuss the problems of the country with

anyone. Those who have criticised him have,

been arrested; Many have b"en killed. We

realise that we would have to wait for a

thousand years before getting, any favourable response from him. That is why we

have adopted the only alternative, — an

armed struggle against Mobutu.

After we have overthrown him it is our

intention to restore democracy in the

cruntry. We also have to build up the

; economy and raise the standard ofliving of

our people. We also want to. give every

Congolese freedom of expression and. to

rehabilitate their civil rights.^Wealsointend

to end the corruption.

Q: What were the main conditions you gave

to Mobutu?

.' 'A: One of them was the restoration of

democracy—^ that he must allow a political

.: opposition to exist-. We also demanded that

he hold elections so. that the Congolese

people can choose the leaders they want.

Human Rights'

Q: How extensive is the violation of human

rights in Zaire?

A: 1 will give you one example. About 13

parliamentarians decided to create a new

party. They wrote to.Mobutu about their

intentions. But soon after, they were

arrested, tortured and some of them are

now invalids. Clandestine assassinations of

.those suspected of being anti-government

frequently take, place. Others have been

arrested and put in prison where they have

been literally starved, to death.

In Shaba Province, for example, it is the

Protestant missionaries who feed prisoners

and not the government. Last year, there

was a massacre ofstudentsin Bukavu, Kivu

Province; as ä result of ajjnisunderstanding

between Mobutu'ssoldiers andthestudents.

Q:: Does your movement have real support

within the country?

A: We have the support of the Congolese

people, that is altI have, to say.

Q: Why dö you use the name 'Congo' for

your party?

60
A: We do not know why Mobutu changed

the nameof the country to Zaire. When the

PLC takes over we shall restore the name to

Congo. And we shall ask the people to

choose their own names (Mobutu ordered

Zaireans to drop their Christian names after

he discarded his own name ofJoseph Desire

as part of his 'Africanisatiön' policy). .

"Mobutu isa puppet because he

is in the pockets of the United

States and France."

Q: Is your armed struggle operating in Zaire

or outside the country?

A: We are operating over almost all the

Congo. We have bases in Kivu and Shaba

Provinces as well as in the northern part of

Kisangani. And we have small guerilla units

all over the country.

Q:Have you made any recent attacks against

the Mobutu Government?

At: In Augustwe launched an attack against

Mobutu's troops and killed 60 soldiers.

Only last month between the 11th and 14th,

we attacked Mobutu's soldiers at Mchoira

and Mtwara.

Q: Where do you get your troops from?

A: In 1964, we launcheda huge offensive

against the enemy in which the revolutionary forces occupied three-quarters of the

country. Despite the fact that the*revolutionary'forces failed to oust Mobutu^ our

combatants remained in the country. When I left the country, I was in communication

with the Simba Forces which also remained

in the Congo and with whom we began to

collaborate. We then started recruitment

through the Simba because many of its

troops had been specially trained for guerilla warfare By the Chinese Government. Our

present army has never been trained outside . the country. Our senior soldiers carry out

all the training.

A: When we started- the struggle we were

fully aware of foreign intervention in the

internal affairs of Congo. Our movement,

however, is based on the people's support.

We have already started mobilising the

people who have now accepted us. Mobutu

and. his foreign, troops cannot conquer us

with this backing. If the first revolution

collapsed, it is because the people did not

know exactly what we stood for.

In the past, diplomacy was ata low. level.

We are now ina more experienced position

to convince the powers >o withdraw their

support from the puppet Mobutu. Even if

these countries do not accept this, we are

stilla force to be reckoned with.

Q: Why do you call Mobutua puppet?

A: He isa puppet because he is in the

pockets of the United States and France.

Mobutu isa policeman of imperialist interests: he is an, international agent ofimperialism in Africa. When a country is attacked

by revolutionaries, Mobutu sends in troops

because the West asks him to do so: Look at

his role in Chad and Togo.

Mobutu sent his troops to Chad against

Libyan-backed rebels on behalf of France

in 1984 and to help crush seditious activity"

following an abortiue coup attempt in Togo

in September. Mobutu is also allowing

UNITA to operate from within his country

in order to topple Marxist Angola.

Q: Currently there isa rumour circulating

among Southern African countries that president Mobutu might have had a hand in the

death of the late President Machet. Do you

think this might have been possible?

A: Indeed. Our organisation has evidence

that Mobutu used his ambassador in

Maputo to carry what might have been the

cause of the plane's crash. Perhaps you

might ask me why Mobutu would risk the

life of his ambassador who died in the

accident. For Mobutu, an ambassador is

nothing. He can always get another one.

The main objective was to accomplish the

mission given by his masters. Mobutu has

killed his ministers before, so he would not

mind killing his ambassador.

Waging War

Q: Where do yon get your weaponsfrom?

A: We get them from the enemy after each

attack. In the beginning, though, we fought

with traditional weapons.

Q: In 1964 Mobutu used foreign troops: to

help him crush the rebels. Don't you think he

will do this again once, you start seriously

threatening his government?

Insidious Murderer

Mobutu could have also alerted South

Africa that Mache! had left Zambia (where

he and other Frontline state leaders had

been meeting with Mobutu), for Maputo so

they could make their preparations. We

know that Mobutu was involved in the

sudden death offormer president Augustino

Neto of Angola. We cannot reveal the

details, but we, the Congolese, know what

Mobutu did. And we know how he instigated the death of Marien Nguabi, the late

61
/9274

CSOJ 3400/854

leader of Congo-Brazzaville. Whenever

Western countries want to kill radical

leaders, they use Mobutu.

Box: "More Violence in Zaire"

Kibingo Marandura later told .

our correspondent just before

press time that after the recent

clashes between the Congolese

Liberation Army (FAPC) with

the Zairean Government troops,

which took part on 13th and

14th in three towns of Muchora,

Mtwanga and Lume, more soldiers were killed and several

soldiers were reported to be

admitted in Witcha, an American hospital. Those admitted

to hospital are continuing to

die.

There is more violence in

three towns: Muchora, Mtwanga and Lume. Government

troops are involved in raping

women and schoolgirls, stealing

of property. All goats and pigs

were taken by soldiers. Nobody

to complain about it.

62
ZAIRE

BRIEFS

MOBUTU SUPPORTS HABRE—Yesterday afternoon Marshal Mobutu Sese Seko and

Mama Bobi Ladawa [wife of President MobutuJ returned to the country through

Gbadolite from Lome via Ndjamena. In Lome they participated in the

festivities marking the 20 years in power of Togolese President Gnassingbe

Eyadema. The founding chairman of the MPR [President Mobutu Sese Seko]

used the opportunity offered him by the Ndjamena stopover of 4 hours and

30 minutes to hold discussions with Chadian President Hissein Habre on the

development of the situation in the latter's country. As was emphasized by

the Guide Mobutu Sese Seko during the press conference which followed the

long meeting, in fact he passed through Ndjamena to convey the consolation

and unflinching support of the Zairian people to the brotherly Chadian people

in the fight they are waging to restore the integrity of their country's

territory, the northern part of which has been occupied by the Libyan army

for many years now. During the press conference, Marshall Mobutu Sese Seko

reiterated his firm condemnation of the Libyan action. [Excerpt] [Kinshasa

Domestic Service in French 1130 GMT 16 Jan 87 AB] /12858

CSO: 3400/853

63
EXPORT PROMOTION AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH EEC

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Jan 87 pp 1, 7

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

ZIMBABWE'S increasingly important export drive

received a boost yesterday

with the signing in Harare of the financing

agreement for a new $8

million export promotion

programme.

The agreement was

signed by the Secretary

for Finance, Economic

Planning and Develop.;

ment, Cde Elisha Mushayakarara, and the EEC

delegate in Harare, Mr

Gaspard Dunkelsbuhler.

It is expected that

over the next three year»

the programme will help

generate millions of dollars worth of extra exports, create more jo!»

and provide training for

people from the privat«

sector and Government

officials.

It is the first export

promotion programme In

an African - CaribbeanPacific state financed

under the Lome III agreement with the EEC.

Cde Mushayakarara

said that the aim of the

programme was to

"strengthen the capacity

of the export promotion

Hectlon in the Ministry of

Trade and Commerce

through human resources

and institutional development.

"It is hoped that this

will lead to the improved

administration of trade

fairs in Zimbabwe, provision of adequate Information on trade, including market research, and

strengthening Zimbabwe's

external institutions tasked with trade promotion."

The ' EEC grant also

came at a time when Zimbabwe was more determined than ever to increase exports of manu

factured goods as well as

agricultural and horticultural products.

Mr DunkelKbühler said

the programme titled h»

with Zimbabwe'!; l'lrü»

Fivc-Vear National llovt

lopment Plan and would

in particular help Zimbabwe promote the exports

of textiles, clothing, processed food, furniture,

leather goods and horticultural products.

Under Lome II, the

EEC lind provided 'training for the Ministry of

Trade and Commerce'^

original 1.5 stuff membei.-:

lor its export promotion

department through tinTrish Export Board, ;i

programme that won!« I

be continued for the ill)

extra staff members recently recruited for the

department.

/9274

CSOj 3400/814

64
EXPERIMENT ON TECHNICAL DATA EXCHANGE READY

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 29 Jan 87 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

A UNIQUE) experiment,

to increase the SouthSouth exchange of technological information is

gearing up to go into full

swing by April 1.

Known as the Technological Information

Pilot System, the experiment Is being funded

by a US|4,5 million trust

fund set up by the Italian

government with the United Nations Financing

System for Science and

Technology. It is being

executed by the United

Nations Development

Programme, which has

commlsloned Inter - Press

Services tö g<et the project on its feet through

its subsidiary, Devnet.

Ten developing countries, including Zimbabwe, have been selected

to start the project and

the director of Zimbabwe's national Tips/

bureau, Mr Claude Chokwenda, said this week

that the aim was to fill

the technological information gap that currently

existed between developing countries.

"While the developing

countries often' have

access to scientific, technical! and economic information from sources

in «the North, this information is usually oriented

towards the users in the

Industrialised countries,"

he said.

"At the same time,

users of this information

in the South generally

knew little about the

work being done in other

parts of the Third World1

to , develop appropriate

technologies or new products or about the impact

of new technologies on

development and employment. They also generally

know little about the opportunities that exist for

technical and scientific

co-operation among developing countries. "This

can lead to duplication of

efforts and less of opportunities for strengthening

scientific and technical

capacities in developing

countries."

Tips was therefore

aimed at tapping the information availalble in developing countries and

some international organisations for dissemination

to other developing countries.

Since the end of last

year, national bureaux

have been established in

the initial 10 countries —

Brazil, China, Egypt,

India, Kenya, Mexico,

Peru, Pakistan, Phllliplnes an«! Zimbabwe.

With the help of consultants the staff are

now identifying cote

groups of companies that

might need technological

inputs.

In the case of Zimbabwe, 120 companies involve«) in agricultural

machinery, solar energy,

machine tools, fisheries,

biomass, biotechnology,

extractive metallurgy,

food processing, pharmaceutical products, coal,

electronics textiles machinery and hydropower are

being identified.

It is hoped tfliat a com-'

puter link-up with Tips',

international operations

centre in Rome wiH be

established soon so that

the bureau staff can start

feeding in requests for

information or details

about local technological

developments Into the

Tips system.

These will then be processed in Rotae and disseminated to *he other

nine countries, whose

bureaux will match all

queries/offers with information from their

companies and put possible partners in contact

wrtth each other. The

system will initially covet

2 000 companies in the 10

countries and the Tips

computer system will be

linked to the UN data

bank In case of special

requests,

This service will be

provided free of charge

for the first year the

system is In operation,

after which the whole

programme will be

reviewed, evaluated and

hopefully continued although it is likely that

minimal service charges

will then be levied for information provided.

But Mr Chokwenda

who is on Wan to the

Zimbabwe bureau from

the Posts and Telecommunications Corporation,,

hopes that companies will

start feeding requests

and information to the

bureau as soon as pos-.

slble so that he and his

staff can gain experience

before the system goes

"live" on April 1.

/9317

CSO: 3400/947

65
ZIMBABWE

FIVE CONTRACTS SIGNED WITH FRANCE EXPLAINED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 9 Jan 87 p 3

[Text]

THE THIRD France-Zimbabwe

aid protocol swung into operation

at the end of 1986, with the signing of over $38-million worth of

equipment-supply contracts for

both the public and private

sectors.

In the five contracts signed so far,

the main single beneficiary is the

Zimbabwe Posts and Telecommu-.

nications Corporation (PTC),

which, together with the Ministry

of Health and Central Film Laboratories (CFL), will receive equipment valued at a total of $22,25

million.

The balance ($15,9 million) comprises contracts signed wtih the

private sector for the supply of various types of equipment including

machinery for the bottling, food,

rubber, textiles and printing industries. Also included here is agricultural equipment such as tractors,

combines and hay balers.

Mr Christian Saillard, economic

and commercial counsellor at the

French embassy in Harare, this

week told the Gazette that the indications are that the full $82,5 million involved in the protocol will be

committed and disbursed. "within

the next three months". .

CFL was the first beneficiary,

with a $2,5 million contract signed

with the French company Somexi

for the supply of advanced filmprocessing equipment, "Thisequip-

. ment will be very helpful", said Mr

Saillard, "in that where CFL had

to send film abroad for processing,

vit will now be done locally";

The PTC came next, with three

contracts valued at a total of $13,5

million, mainly for equipment for

the extension of Zimbabwe's

telecommunications network into

the rural areas.

TRT,. a French company, is to

. supply $6,25. worth of modular

telecommunications systems which

use microwave technology for the

rural areas, particularly Murehwa.

These systems, known as the IRT

1 500, provide a low-cost service to

' large numbers of scattered subscribers and incorporate a wide

range of functions, including auto-

• matic callback and priority status,

emergency lines, pay telephones, te--

lex services and data transmission.

Another French company,

CSCT, is contracted to supply the

PTC with 70 subscriberline concen-

, trators known as the CTR 160/E.

This equipment, also meant for the

extension of the network into the

rural areas, is able to concentrate the

; traffic of up to 160 subscribers on

only 28 trunks. The value of this

contract is $4 million.

The third PTC contract was

signed with Sagem, another French

company. Valued at $3,25 million,

it covers the supply of some 700

teleprinters.

The last öf the public line contracts was signed by the Ministry of

Health and the. French company,

Hospitex, and is for the supply of

medical equipment (mostly X-ray)

valued at $6,25 million.

In the private sector line, the

$15,9 million now committed to

various contracts represents the total allocated to the private sector,

and was disbursed between September and the end ofthe year, Mr Saillard said.

"Most has been diverted towards

machinery for industry. A lot is for

bottling lines, equipment for the

rubber and food industries, for

machine tools, cigarette and shoemaking equipment, textile

machinery and printing equipment.

"The rest has been mostly allocated to agricultural equipment; that

is, tractors, combines and hay balers. Then we also have earthmoving equipment — excavators and

compactors — forklifts and a line of

micro-computers to be sold through

a local computer company".

Final negotiations for contracts to

cover the rest of the protocol are.

currently underway, Mr Saillard

said, and the emphasis throughout

is on the supply of machinery and

other industrial equipment.

/9317

CSO: 3400/947

66
ZIMBABWE

GAZETTE WARNS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICAN SANCTIONS

MB230722 Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 9 Jan 87

[Editorial: "Effect of Sanctions Must be Worth the Cost"]

[Text] The prime minister's New Year address was a very sober, realistic but

not overpessimistic prelude to 1987. Mr Mugabe reviewed the nation's pluses

and minuses, presenting an overall picture of which Zimbabweans can be

reasonably proud, considering the state of the world economy and the disturbed

situation in Southern Africa.

The year ahead, however, will be a difficult one, a fact that Mr Mugabe, to

his credit, did not attempt to hide. The major cause for concern this year

will, of course, be the effect of the imposition of sanctions against South

Africa by Zimbabwe. It is worth repeating, verbatim, the comments the Prime

Minister made on New Year's Eve.

Referring to last August's mini-summit in London, which he attended and which

discussed what economic measures might be introduced by the Commonwealth

nations, Mr Mugabe said: "These sanctions will be implemented soon, but now

obviously no longer at the end of December, 1986, as earlier expected, because

our task force charged with the duty of coordinating various relevant aspects

and areas still needs a little more time to complete its task. I shall, as

soon as this is done, announce the sanctions commencement date."

It is, therefore, the clear intention of our government to introduce sanctions

measures—what is unknown at the moment is what these measures will involve,

when they will be introduced and what other countries will be involved. It is

also known that Botswana and Mozambique will not adopt sanctions. It is

unlikely that Malawi will be a participant, and Zambia is in such a parlous

economic state that the adverse effect of a trade boycott could precipitate a

major political upheaval.

What is certain is that, in 1987, Zimbabwe is likely to face a challenge to

its very existence, and we all depend on those who make the final decision—

that they have made adequate preparations, that the timing is correctly

chosen, and that the reaction of the South African government has been

correctly assessed.

67
The Prime Minister said: "As a member of the Commonwealth, Zimbabwe must be

seen to be playing its part in support of the struggle for liberation in South

Africa and Namibia." No one in Zimbabwe would quarrel with that statement,

but in the months that lie ahead, the balance of cost and effect must be

carefully calculated.

No general would commit his troops to battle where there was a likelihood of

casualties, unless there was a certainty of tangible gain. To ignore this

basic fact would be to make a tactical error with far-reaching strategic

consequences. Zimbabwe has to adopt a position where, whatever actions it

takes, it can continue to play an active part as an opponent of apartheid.

Already Pretoria is turning the screws on its neighbours. The sudden aboutface by the Botswana government over the takeover of its railway system from

Zimbabwean control is the result of threats made by the puppet regime in

Bophuthatswana, echoing the voice of its South African masters. This week's

expulsion of six ANC officials (including the chief of the mission, Jacob

Zuma) from Mozambique has come as the result of irresistible pressure on

President Chissano from Pretoria.

Zimbabwe itself knows how east it is for President Botha to manipulate our

trade routes—it is not necessary to completely close the border when

"administrative" delays can cause almost equal chaos. The effectiveness of

alternative routes for Zimbabwe's trade will hopefully be assured before

extreme measures are adopted in what is likely to be an ongoing and escalating

confrontation.

The Beira corridor will never be capable of carrying more than a portion of

our country's imports and exports. The Limpopo line to Maputo could be

brought up to the present standard of the Beira line fairly quickly, but it

would be two years at least before meaningful traffic could be carried. No

work, of course, can be done on this until there is adequate protection for

workers against the MNR. Routes further afield, such as the Tanzam railway,

are at the moment practical alternatives only on the typewritten pages of

planners' reports.

Within Mozambique the MNR, supported by South Africa, has seriously damaged

the Nacala line and is tying down large numbers of Zimbabwean troops along the

Beira corridor. Will international military support, mooted in information

contacts, be forthcoming this year to meet the threat of a South African

government hell-bent on causing economic chaos for the SADCC nations that are

dependent on the route to Beira as a lifeline to the outside world?

It is understood that the imposition of sanctions against South Africa by the

international community is likely to be placed before the United Nations in a

few weeks' time. Whether this will coincide with the completion of the work

of the sanctions task force referred to by Mr Mugabe can only be guessed at

now, but the Prime Minister did say the imposition would come "soon." Can we

presume that this will be a matter of weeks rather than months? If so, the

PM's warning "to gear yourselves for the difficult times ahead of us" was

given in all seriousness.

68
The decision to invoke sanctions is one that the government has a legal right

to make, as it has the support of the majority of Zimbabweans, but the

consequences are so very serious for the future of this country that it must

be hoped that all the factors are most carefully evaluated, so that the effect

of sanctions on the situation in South Africa is worth the inevitable cost to

Zimbabwe.

/12913

CSO: 3400/906

69
ZIMBABWE

RSA, MOZAMBIQUE FUNDS GET BOOST FROM FILMS, CHURCHES

Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Jan 87 p 5

[Text]

THE South African Solidarity Fund and the

Saniora Mache! Memorial Fund yesterday

received another shot in the arm when four

organisations gave more than $1 600.

Twenty-one affiliates of the non-governmentaJ

organisation Voice gave $13.00,77 and the management and workers of Kadoma Cotton Marketing Board

gave $136,05 towards the funeral expenses of the lato

Cde Machel.

the engineering department of National Breweries

gave $132,50, while the workers of the Ministry of

Public Construction and National Housing maintenance station at Parirenyatwa Hospital gave $75 towards the South African liberation fund.

The money was presented to the Zanu (PF)

deputy secretary for the commissariat and culture,

Cde Nelson Mawema by delegation leaders.

Cde Mawema in turn handed over the money to Ode

Don Muvhuti, the party's deputy secretary for finance.

Ode Mawema thanked the organisations for their

kind gesture which would go a long- way in eliminating bandits of the surrogate MNR in Mozambique as

weU as assisting the struggle for freedom and'social

justice in Namibia and South Africa.

Appealing to Zimbabweans to support the cause

of Mozambique, Cde Mawema said the country had

suffered during Zimbabwe's liberation struggle and it

was the duty of every citizen to support the Mozambicans.

Cde Muvhuti urged Zimbabweans to be prepared

"as this is just the first step towards more sacrifice".

In Chegutu, 10 churches recently contributed more

than $500 to the Samora Machel Memorial Fund.

According to a statement from the Zanu (PF)

headquarters in Harare, the churches which gave

$502,55 in memory of the lato president were: Methodist, Salvation Army, Baptist, CCAP, Church of Christ,

Assembly of God, American Methodist, Pentecostal,

African' Methodist and the Apostolic Church.

Meanwhile, the Governor of .Masvingo, Cde Dzikamai Mayhaire, has called upon civil servants to donate

generously towards the Mozamblcan Solidarity Fund,

the 'South African Liberation Fund and our security

forces in Mozambique.

Cde Mavhalre said the public sector in the province was lagging behind in donating towards the

funds although civil servants there were doing a good

job by motivating others to pay'up.

The governor made these remarks in Masvingo on

Wednesday when he received a cheque for $102 from

workers <wd management of Duly's Masvingo—Herald

Reportor-iZtSL

/9317

CS0: 3400/888

70
ZIMBABWE

CATHOLIC BODY TO INCREASE AID TO MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES AT MAZOWE

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 11 Jan 87 p 5

[Text]

THE Catholic Development Commission of

the Chinhoyi diocese

plans to increase aid to

Mozambican displaced

persons in the Mazowe

camp in the Rushinga

district ,

This was said toy

Codec's development coordinator , Mrs Diana

Auret, In an interview

with The Sunday Mall to

Chinhoyi last week. Mrs

Auret emphasised that,

"where there are refugees

we will do what we can."

Outlining Cadec's involvement In helping

Mozambican refugees

which started when the

displaced persons problem began in 1983, Mrs

Auret said Cadec Is providing sugar, salt,

mahewu, towels and nappies for the young children.

"We have ibeen running

•a supplementary feeding

scheme," she said.

Mrs Auret was happy

to report that a large

number or percentage of

the children in the

Mazowe camp are up to

normal weight. Figures

;■■ for last year show that

! to date Cadec has spent

about f143 000 on building Blair toilets in the

camp. Now the organisation wants to start

•construction of cement

Blair toilets.

; She said In 1985 Cadec

spent about 155488 for

,the inmates of Mazowe

camp and last year the

figure for food commodities rose to about

$179000.

Cadec is also responsible for running the clinic

at Nyamatlkitl camp for

displaced persons which

is near Mazowe camp.

Cadec does most of its

operations in the communal areas which are

within the boundaries of

the Chinhoyi dloceBe.

Ehelr main work Is in

building Water projects

like dams and other related projects and preschool care, and primary

health care projects.

Mrs Auret said the

organisation's' emphasis

is working with the

people. 'lOur whole idea is

to make people realise

that they can help themselves.'»

Describing how Cadec

makes decisions to help

the rural folk, she said

the concerned people first

assess their own

resources, then the Catholic organisation comes

in with the aid which the

people cannot provide

themselves.

Citing the primary

health care projects, she

snJid peoipte are coni tributing 80 percent of

I the resources required

for the schemes. "Rural

folk in Zimbabwe have

tremendous potential,"

she said.

She said Cadec's work

at the Mazowe camp

owed much of its success

to the fact that the camp

administration was very

efficient. She said the administrators knew what

was happening everywhere and were very

helpful.

On Nyamatlkitl camp,

she said the non-governmental organisations involved at the camp were

hoping for more help

from the United Nations

High Commission for

Refugees to Improve the

water situation which she

described as difficult.

/9317

CS0: 3400/947

71
STATEMENT BY ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Jan 87 pp 1, 13

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

THERE should be an allout drive towards economic recovery, reconstruction and development now

that the devastating

famine crisis between'

1983 and 1986 had eased,

African university heads

said yesterday.

The Association of

African 'Universities/Economic Commission for i

Africa meeting attended

by 47 rector», vicechancellors and presidents

of universities ended yesterday with the adoption

of the Harare statement.

The Harare statement

commended African leaders for relentlessly

searching tor workable

and lasting solutions to

problems of development'

which culminated in thei

adoption of the African

priority programme for

economic recovery and

development hi July 1985.

Leaders of African

countries had called for a

special session of the

United Nations General

Assembly to discuss

Africa's economic prob*

lems and urge the support of the International

community for the recovery programme.

The session was held in

May and June 1986 and

the Organisation of Afri-

/9317

CSO: 3400/888

can Unity and the Economic Commission for Africa jointly submitted Africa's economic problems to

the United Nations which

set out a programme for

economic recovery and

development for 1986 to

1990.

The International community responded favourably to the programme

and to Africa's, plight by

pledging support and

agreeing to enter a partnership with African governments to provide support.

A meeting of African

scientists will be held in

the Congo in June this

year to further study

plans to revitalise and

rehabilitate African economies.

The Harare statement

said that if the international community honoured its commitments to

UN programmes for Africa the measures could ensure that in the long run

Africa would achieve accelerated, self-reliant and

self - sustaining growth

and development.

The university vicechancellors, presidents

and rectors on behalf of

their institutions committed themselves to undertake the following -programmes at national

levels:

• To institute special

programmes of education

and training for priority

needs of recovery.

• To popularise the recovery programmes in

lectures, seminars and

workshops for students,

public servants and businessmen and make them

more appreciative of the

gravity of Africa's predicament.

• To give greater attention to resources in education, training, research

and consultancy in economic management generally and external debt

management particularly.

• To draw up programmes of research In support of the priority programme designed to respond to Identified priority areas in agriculture,

food, drought and desertification control, technology development and

adaptation and In human

resources development.

• To endeavour to reduce

universities' dependence

on governments by

strengthening their capacity to generate funds.

• To make more readllly

available to governments,

regional' and international

organisations the universities' expertise and capabilities through consultancies and research on

project tforimüatlon, a|ppraisal and implementation, evaluation of economic development policies

'and improvement of the

performance of the public

sector.

At sub-regional levels

the universities would

stress research into problems affecting dry countries, land-locked countries

and those that border on

South Africa. They would

also pool more of their

common teaching and research resources.

At continental level ths

universities committed

themselves to:

• Intensifying the Mbabane programme which

aims at easing the social

and economic crisis in

Africa;

•> Strengthening their

co-operation within the

continent and with ether

regions of the Third

World In research, teaching and production of

teaching materials and

co-operate with the Economic Commission for

Africa and the PanAfrican Documentation

and Information System

project (Padls).

72
ZIMBABWE

CHIREDZI MP APPEALS FOR FOOD AID

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by David Masunda]

[Text]

MORE than 60 000 people in the Lowyeld will this year need food

aid because of the impending drought in parts of the region, the

Member of Parliament for Chiredzi North, Cde Henry Pole, has said.

Cde Pote told The

Herald during a recent

week-long tour of the

region that the most

needy were in Chlredzi

as well as parts of Bikita

and Zaka. Chlredzi, he

said, was the worst

drought-stricken area in

Masvlngo province.

Meanwhile, officials

were experiencing difficulties in moving drought

relief aid.

Said Cde Pote: "The

main problem really is

transport." The Department of Social Welfare

which ferries the food,

did not have enough

vehicles to do BO on a

regular basis.

He said although the

District Development

Fund had helped by having some of its trucks

move the food, these still

were not enough. Another

problem fading Lowveld

officials was the mushrooming number of squatter families. More than

700 families have now

illegally resettled on

Tokwe Farm, which is be-1

tween Triangle Sugar

Estates and the Tokwe

River.

Pleas by both Cde

Pote and tlie Governor of

the province, Cde Dzlkama!l! Mavhalre, have not

made them budge. In

fact, the numbers have

continued to swell.

The squatters came

from the neighbouring

communal lands of Chivi,

Zaka and Masvingo as

well as Chlredzi town.

"You get some people

who are actually working

here in Chlredzi but who

have settled their families on this farm."

He said he1 and other

officials had already approached the Ministry of

Lionels, Agriculture and

Rural Resettlement on a

number of occhteHons to

no avail yet.

A resettlement scheme

in the region, Nyangambe, had also been invaded by squatters. These

he paid, were mainly

people who would not

wait to be properly resettled but went and occupied any piece of land

that they fancied.

Nyangamt>e. initiated

just after ,'inxJlepcndenCP

and one of the three1 resettlement ischem.es In

the Chlredzi North constituency, has up to now

no school, clinic, roadfe

or proper water supply

despite having more

than 150 families already

resettled there.

/927A

CSO? 3400/892

73
ZIMBABWE

MASHONALAND WEST GOVERNOR REVIEWS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Shakespeare Johnson]

[Text]

WHEN Cde Mudhomeru

Chlvende was first appointed Governor of Mashonaland West Province

in April 1883, the first

problem the people of the

province were experiencing ana are still experiencing is the shortage

of land.

The governor said this

in a recent interview,

reviewing; J^e developments that have taken

place in Ms province since

independence in 1980.

He said: "The land

shortage . is especially

being experienced in the

communal areas. The

people there are congested and their cry is

for more land especially

in areas like Zvimba,

Chirau, Mhondoro and

Ngezi."

The land shortage

situation has ibred

another problem of

squatting so serious that

some people have gone to

settle in grazing areas

and, said Cde Chlvende,

"we have squatters in the

province numbering not

less than 10 000 families".

"The problem is comr

pounded by ithe fact that

some of the squatters do

not only come from Mashcnaland West but from

many parts of the country atrf well.'*

To solve the problem,

the itfesponstlble ministry

has been, approached to

acquire more land for

resettlement, hence' there

are resettlement areas

such as Muzvezve, Jompanl, Musengezl, Pote,

Nyamakate where people

.have been resettled.

However, the governor

Issued a stern warning:

"While we encourage the

acquisition of more land

for resettlement, we

ought to take stern measures against squatters so

that they iretu]rh where

they came from. My provincial squatter control

committee met and an

action plan to rid the

province of his menace

is being drawn. ISo they

might just be warned

now that they will certainly be made to move."

Cde Chlvende said that

the other problematic

area Is the inadequacy of

social services'such as in

the fields of health,

education, roads and

waiter.

The Government has

madia commerMabO'e progress in the provision of

these services: both

primary and secondary

schools have been built; a

number of clinics have

been built in various

parts of the province.

The other problem

faced is in the urban

areas where there is a

lack of accommodation —

both office and residential — especially in the

provincial headquarters

(Chinhoyi). "'This has effectively delayed our decentralisation process but

I am glad that efforts arc

being made to piovide

this much-needed accommodation," he stoid

OM the province's population, the governor

saM: "The 1982 census

put our population figure

at about 859 000 and the

annual growth rate of 2.6

percent. ' Taking the

(growth rate into account

and assuming all other

factors remain the same,

the present population

should be nbout 070 000.

But then we have had on

Influx of squatters In the

province. I would say our

population today Is'close

to a million peopfe"

At Independence, some

districts In the province

were less developed than

I others, for example,

Karlba. In the. Omay aren

of Karlba district, there

were no roads, no schools,

I and no clinics. Other dis-

! trlcts such as Makonde

and Chegutu had a relatively higher level of development.

74
"It la our policy to ensure equitable development throughout the

whole province. So generally, our districts now

compare very well with

each other," he said.

Cde Chjvende said that

the Government had

achieved in five years

what the colonial governments could not do in

over 90 years. He listed

some of the major developments that have occurred in the province

since 1980.

• The completion of the

Chlnhoyl-Chegutu highway toy the Ministry of

Transport.

• The thirty-milion dollar dam near Banket called the Mazvlkadei Dam

which Is toeing constructed is a remarkable

piece of project The PDF

have also qo|nstruic!tel<Ji

smaller dams such as the j

Mukadzimutswa, -Dzum-:

bunu, Neuso and Negando',

dams.

0 The promotion of,

agricultural productivity

in the communal land

areas through Government policy ." is another

remarkable achievement.

Mashonalannd West is

becoming the bread basket of this .country. The

Hurungwe communal

land area Is a living

example of agricultural

success.

The governor said that

the province's Flve«YearDevelopment plan has

;been completed. It lays

more emphasis In the

agricultural and mining

sectors.

"To the businessmen

my imesage Is clear. I

would like to see them invest In the Industrial

growth of the province

not only In urban areas

but at growth points as

well. We want to ensure

that Industry is decentralised from Harare

to Chinhoyi and from

Chinhoyi to Murombedzl.

from Harare to Kadoma

and from Kadoma to

Mamlna and so on."

Cde Chivende Bald that

MashonaJand West has

over seventy «lines and

recently over thirty mining co-operatives have

been registered as carrying out activities especially in the area of

base metals auch as

chrome. The major

; precious .mineral <mlned in

the province i's gold and

there are over twentyfive gold mines.

"The Mazvlkadei Dam

is certainly going to be

one of our country's largest dams holding about

365 million cubic metres

of water. One of Its

major functions will be

the promotion of wheat

growm? through irrigation. So basically, the

dam will promote agriculture.

"Although we expect

the fishing industry to

I develop because of these

{dams, I do not, however,

foresee a stage where

wate rrbased industries

will take precedence over

agriculture and mining,"

he said.

/9317

CSO: 3400/950

75
ZIMBABWE

MASHONALAND WEST PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATOR REVIEWS 5-YEAR PLAN

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Jan 87 p 4

[Text]

THE Five-Year Development Plan

for Mashonaland West Province,

has been conceived within the

context or guidelines of the National Development Plari. It is in

conformity with national objectives and goals, the Provincial

Administrator for the province,

Cdo Pinnie Munyira, has said.

"Our plan starts by identifying

the province's resources and potential and proceeds to design how

those resources can be utilised to

promote the economy of the country In general as well as to develop the quality of life of our people

in particular.

"Our plan lays great emphasis

on the development of the agricultural and mineral resources a«

well ag the provision of the infrastructure directly delivering services to the people such as health

and educational facilities," said

Cde Munyira.

He said that from the provincial

point of view, the administrative

district is regarded as a lower unit

of the subnational development

planning process. "Our policy is to

ensure that each district has a

fair share of the national cake

all round."

Mashonaland West Province has

five administrative districts: Kariba, Hurungwe, Makonde,, Ciiegutu and Kadoma. The total area

of the province is 60407 square

kilometres and this land falls

under the Jurisdiction of 20 local

authorities and one local board.

An examination of the land distribution indicates that 44 000

square kilometres fall under tho

three types of local authorities

while the rest can be classified as

other land and this contributes

about 17 000 square kilometres,

Ode Munyira said.

The road network in the province comes under three types of

road authorities with national

roads under the Ministry of Transport; local authority roads which

are constructed and maintained

by the respective local authorities

such as the rural councils and the

urban councils.

Then there is the road network

In the communal land areas —

areas that are under the jurisdiction of the district councils.

Said Cde Munyira: "The road

networks In this area are constructed and maintained by the District

Development Fund. This Is tho

area of my office's responsibility.

"Before independence, the DDF

had about 600 kilometres of road,

most of which was in a very bad

state. After independence, more

than 1 000 was constructed and tho

former tracks were upgraded. W»

now have a total of 1650 kilometres of DDF road network in

the province."

" One spectacular road that the

DDF is constructing within the

province is the Kanyati Road

which links the administrative

centre of Karlba and the communal land area. "We have spent

over 1J million dollars to cut out

this road through the Zambezi

escarpment. It is a commendable

project."

A good proportion of land In

the province is still Jungle forest

especially in the districts of Karlba

and Hurungwe where there are

safari areas such as Chewora.

Nyakasanga and National Park

as well as recreational parks such

as Mana Pools, Matusadona and

other parts of Kariba.

"Unfortunately, in the communal land areas such as Zvlmba,

76
Chirau, Mhondoro and Ngezl areas

we no longer have theforests and

jungles. They are Just gone! It Is

in these areas where we highly

encourage afforestation programmes,'' he said.

Wild life in Mashonaland West

is rich, and it is regarded by the

provincial administration as a precious resource In that it assists th«

promotion of the tourist industry

which brings the country valuable

foreign currency.

Said Cde Munylra: "It 1B important to pplnt out that the proceeds from game have contributed

to the development of a socioeconomic infrastructure, especially

in the Nyamlnyaml and Hurungwe

Council areas, where schools, clinics, teachers' and nurses' houses

and the provision of electricity

and water has been made possible

by the contribution of game procceds." But two problems have arisen —

one is caused by, the commercial

poachers from both within and

without the country. The ^Pf*1:

ment of National Parks and Wild

Life and the police are working

flat out to bring the poaching

under control.

The other problem, said Cde Munyira, "Is the conflict that exists

between the animals and the communal land people especially those

of Nyamlnyami. They have In the

past considered the animals meat

and saw no reason why they could

not kill and eat them. Furthermore, the very same animals havo

also destroyed their crops". .

But through educational programmes, the people are now beginning to appreciate wild life as

a resource which must' be managed on a sustained basis. Discussions are at present being held

with the National Parks and Wild

Life to see if approaches can be

introduced to help reconcile the

conflict between man and animal,

he said.

The railway line that runs in the

province ends at Lions Den and

many In the province feej that it

should be extended to Chirundu.

Said Cde Munylra about the

idea: "Yes, the extension of the

railway line from Lions Den to

Chirundu has been expressed as

a necessary need, especially by

the farming community and our

development plan has acknowledged this.

"This has been submitted to the

Government for consideration, together with other national priorities. Central Government is expected to respond positively.

"The proposed railway line extension will assist In the haulage

of agricultural and mining produce and this will not only benefit Zimbabwe but Zambia as well.

We have sent tons and tons of

maize to Zambia by roa<j and itwould be more economic to use the

railway line."

Cde Munylra said that he is

generally satisfied with the progress which has been made so far,

for example, In the Nyamlnyami

area where there are now seven

schools, four clinics, 169 km of

DDF road as well as reasonable

supplies of water.

"Our development plan therefore

lays great emphasis on the provision of those services lacking in

particular areas while expanding

or upgrading the existing ones.'.

/9317

CSO: 3400/950

77
ZIMBABWE

OVERPOPULATION, LAND MISUSE THREATEN TSETSE-CLEARED AREA

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 9 Jan 87 pp 1, 2

[Text]

FEARS THAT the mulfimillion

dollar EEC-funded tsetse-fly

clearance project for Sadcc countries bordering the Zambezi Valley will result in over-populating

fragile areas and the ruin of the

entire environment are growing in

Zimbabwe. Many ecologists believe it could prove yet another

"EEC disaster".

Thousands of new settlers are already pouring into the Zimbabwe

side of the area, although only

the first of the three-year spraying

phase has been completed and no

formal land-use programme has yet

been accepted to safeguard the

cleared areas south of Kariba

around to Omay, Binga and the

north-eastern valley up to Nyanga.

The new settlements in the semiarid marginal lands are dismaying

local and overseas ecologists and

conservationists. They previously

warned that good land-use control

and a co-ordinate«) four-country flyclearance plan was essential if the

Zambezi Valley areas were not to

become land-degraded "deserts"

through over-population and threats

of reinfestation.

Since September land-hungry

new settlers have been allowed by

various district rural councils to

enter Kanyati, Shamva, Rushing«,

Sebungwe and lands south of Karibi." to Gokwe, swelling the numbers

of existing populations. T'hey arc

known to be cutting down trees and

bush, ploughing the marginal land

bringing in many cattle and goats,

while game poaching is increasing

rapidly.

.An official report recently prepared by representatives of the United Nations hood and Agriculture

Organisation in Zimbabwe confirms

that uncontrolled land settlement in

the newly fly-cleared areas is becoming a "serious" problem.

The EEC,project started, after

weeks of controversy, during a

meeting in Brussels last year when

it was finally agreed to grant about

$24 million for the Sadcc tsetse-fly

eradication programme. It was then

set to involve Zimbabwe, Zambia,

Mozambique and Malawi, and was

aimed at "raising the standard of

living of the existing popuations"

in the valley regions.

Ecologists reported in the London

Sunday Times that the project could

entirely destroy the valley environment if uncontrolled land-use, and

a "cow-and-plough" policy for additional populations should follow

in the wake of the cleared fly-belt

areas.

Advocates ofthe plan, headed by

Dr Des Lovcmore of Zimbabwe as

regional coordinator of the Sadcc

programme, and including large

chemical manufacturers, assured the

Brussels meeting that this would not

happen. I^ind use would be carefully controlled and only "approved"

insecticides and methods would be

used in the EEC fly-clearance

project, it was said.

On this understanding the funds

were finally approved. Zimbabwe

was granted some w..t million tor

the first three-year phase. Neighbouring Sadcc countries were also

granted drawdown funds as a •"ixirdinated fly-clearance pmjccl in the

valley was said to be essential to

avoid reinfestation later. The funds

were granted under the l.omiS II

programme.

But so far only Zimbabwe has

been involved in the entire project.

Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique

have not taken any similar action,

and some specialists believe that the

danger of reinfestation within Zimbabwe is growing.

"Due to security and other

problems the valljjy areas belonging to the other three countries are

heavily fly-infested. The belief that

Kariba lake acts as a barrier to the

fly is largely superstition," said a

veterinarian •spccf-ilist last week.

"The fly can travel widely via vehicles, poachers and cross-border

vessels or traffic, as it did in the past

after we had pushed it back to the

borders."

In reply to criticism of the project

by the experts published last year

in the British Sunday limes, the

EEC delegate in Harare, Mr tj

Dinkelsbuhlcr, telexed the editor in

London last April saying: "let us

not nurse nostalgia for 1'apa

Hemingway's Africa. lxt us look at

the needs of these populations

today."

In May the Brussels meeting

agreed to allocate funds for the

Sadcc fly eradication pioject and the

Zimbabwe campaign started in July

last year, ending the first yc;<r"s

clearance work in September. Two

further local campaigns are due to

78
go ahead thi.s ycat and in 1988,

provided the EEC organisation

approves.

Wheh the work si irtcd in 1986

there was an estimated Zimbabwe

population of nboiit '.'M) (KK) |K'ople

and I 1.1 (MX) ailing cattle in the Jly-i

infested north-east region, covering

some 12 600 square kilometres,

which the ERC-fundcd teams plan

to clear over the full ihrce-year period to 1988.

It was not intended that new settlers would move into the areas until approved land-use plans had. been

finalised and approved.

But now thousands ' of landhungry people from overcrowded

communal lands have already

moved in with cattle and goats,

ahead of land-use plans.

A wildlife specialist recently

returned from the valley said

gloomily: "Papa Hemingway now

wouldn't even recognise 'his Africa'. Marginal lands from Omay to

Gokwe are becoming land-degraded

rural slums. Those arid areas cannot sustain! large extra populations

and agriculture."

He added that previous plans to

run cattle together with game in the

arid regions appears to have gone

by the board. "There is precious little game left now. Trees are being

hacked down freely, game is openly poached and the fragile soil isbeing badly ploughed for uncontoured

crops."

While various district rural councils arc approving new settlement

schemes, nobody seems to know the

total number of new residents or

herds now coming into fly-cleared

valley areas. It is claimed they already number "thousands"- of

people.

In December the Zimbabwe

Government signed a $16,6 million

loan agreement with the African

Development Bank to finance a

large mid-Zambezi Valley rural development project, as pan of the

Five Year-Development Plan. It is

aimed ;it lescttling another 3 (XX) families (about 30 000 people and

their cattle) in addition to the existing population, numbering some

46 (XX) people and their cattle, in the

marginal areas.

Mr Jan dc Vries, agricultural adviser to the EEC delegation in Zimbabwe, views the first year of the

fly-clearance project as a success

because it started and stopped on

target, as planned, last year.

"Some 4 000sq km of fly-belt

land from Mount Darwin to Kotwa

in the north-easst, .'including the

Umfurud/i safari area, was cleared

at a cost of $1,5 million," he said.

"Banned chemicals were not used

by the EEC aerial spraying teams

and monitoring scientists have

found no evidence of irreversible insecticide -damage., but that might

only become apparent later if at

all."

But he agreed that new settlers

were coming into cleared areas and

said that "in special cases" the EEC

was financing settlement development projects mounted by the

Agricultural Rural Development

Authority (ARDA) in Kanyati.

Some families were being resettled there and elsewhere to run cattle in conjunction with wildlife

safaris, he said.

Mr de Vries also confirmed that

EEC funds would be available i\u*

year and in 1988 to finish clearing

the entire 12 (>00sq km involved in

the Zimbabwe project;'?v'fi;--

Commenting on the required

land-use precautions as outlined

during the Brussels fund-granting

meeting last year, he noted that EEC

representatives had no control over

this aspect in the cleared areas.

Land-use control in the region was

"entirely up to the Zimbabwe

Government." as a sovereign state,

he said.

But the FAO representative in

Harare, Mr Karl Kolding. appeals

not too happy about the uncontrolled settlements springing up in

the Zambezi Valley. At the EEC

meeting in Brussels last year it was

agreed that FAO representatives

would be involved in planning the

future use of the fly-cleared marginal areas.

"It is true that uncontrolled tcsel

tlemcnt appears to be already underway. It is a serious problem, of

great concern not only to the Zimbabwe Government but to external

agencies involved."

Mr Kolding said that the government had now asked the United Nations Development Programme

representatives and the FAO to prepare a master-plan study for controlled land settlement in the valley

for "consideration".

He confirmed that "urgent" actions were needed to ensure proper

land-use saying that the masterplan, as envisaged by the government, would doubtless take accoint

of necessary overall development.

"As part of the first Fivc-Vear

Development Plan, the Zambezi

Valley is of priority interest. Its development, with external assistance

to be granted by organisations such

as the EEC. the United Nations and

other agencies will, no doubt, be

matched by government's own policies and programmes in order to

make the maximum, correct use of

such assistance in the futuie," he

said.

Mr Kolding stressed that apat!

from the master-plan study proj-.xt.

the FAO had already prepared a

small pilot project for good land-use

planning in the mid-Zambezi valley,

involving livestock and agriculture

in combination.

"It is believed thai the government may implement this project in

the valley this year," he said.

/9317

CS0: 3400/950

79
ZIMBABWE

GOLD REMAINS MOST IMPORTANT IN DECLINING MINING OUTPUT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 9 Jan 87 p 3

[Text]

THE VOLUME of Zimbabwe's

mining output appears to have

stabilised just below the 1980 level

after five years of declining output, RAL Merchant Bank reported in its recent Executive Guide

to the Economy. The volume, the

bank said, was fluctuating between 3% and 7% from the

average^

Based on annualised figures for

the first eight months of 1986, the

volume of mineral production appears to have shown no change

when compared with 1985, and

dropped by 3,1% when compared

with 1980. The Zimbabwe dollar

value of output in the 12 months to

August, 1986. rose by 8% compared with the same period a year

earlier.

This falling output of most base

metals against a background of escalating input costs highlights the vital importance ofthe Zimbabwe dollar exchange policy, the bank comments. However, in 1986 the Zimbabwe dollar exchange rates did not

' keep pace with declining world

prices of many minerals. This had

adverse effects on company profits,

job creation and the volume of output in the industry. Most of Zimbabwe's minerals arc traded in US

dollars and at December 2, 1986,

the Zimbabwe dollar had depreciated 54.3% since December 8, 1982.

"Although this represented significant gains in terms of the Zimbabwe dollar to commodity

producers," RAL stated, "the increase is less than proportionate to

the rale at which costs have risen

since 1982."

Gold remains Zimbabwe's most

important mineral, and accounted

for 39,4% ofthe total value of mining output in the year to August,

1986. "Provided the world price remains ill close to US$400 an ounce,

gold's position in Zimbabwe's mining industry is likely to be further

strengthened", the bank commented.

Gold sales of 584 (XX) line ounces

earned the country $336,2m in the

first eight months of 1986, exceeding the annual levels reached over

many years. The bank believes that

these record export values were the

results of sales of gold inventories,

as gold output declined by 2 %, from

478 000 ounces in the year ended

August, 1985, to 469 000 ounces in

the year to August, 1986.

' RAL states that rising costs arc

hitting producers and one is reported as having forecast costs exceeding profit after provisions for anticipated increases in salaries, wages

and consumable stores. Against this

background, the bank states there

are indications of a possible increase

in the government's support price

above the present Z$500 per ounce.

Asbestos, despite opposition to its

use in many developed countries,

is still the country's second most important mineral. In the year to August, 1986, production volume

reached 163 900 tonnes, although

this was a 3,3% decline on the same

period a year earlier. Asbestos output accounted for 12,2% of Zimbabwe's mining sector's total

production value.

Despite overseas opposition, exports for the first seven months of

1986 reached 99 915 tonnes, a I 7,

increase on the corresponding period in 1985. However, the value of

asbestos exports declined by 8^.

from $51,38m in the seven months

to July, 1985, to $47.226m in the

equivalent period of 1986.

Nickel output fell by 5,9% in the

year to August, 1985, while the

value fell by 13,7%. Coal, copper

and iron ore showed significant improvements in both volume and

value in the year to July, 1986. Coal

output rose by 35,3% to 3.808 million tonnes, while values increased

by 47% to $85.7m. Copper output

rose by 10,6% in the year to August, 1986, and the value in Zimbabwe dollar terms increased by

37%. Iron ore production rose by

20,8% to 1 148 million tonnes in

the year to August, 1986, while

values increased bv 42.1 T<f.

/9317

CSO: 3400/947

80
FARMERS BENEFIT FROM GOVERNMENT RESETTLEMENT DRIVE

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Jan 87 p 4

ZIMBABWE

[Text] THIS Government's resettlement drive has

eome as a blessing for people in the Copper

Queen area in Mashonaland West who have

launched ambitious farming projects» for the

benefit of their fam

•lies.

Sowie of the «mall commerctal farmers, who

were, resettled a^ far back

as 1981, have seteert

opportunities and are now

running' lucrative farm»

which have ena/bled them

to buy their own tractor»

for tilling.

A Herald team visited

the area recently aud

spoke to a number ot

farmers who expressed.

cover a lot of ground

quickly. Another farmer,

Ode Samuel Zvamashoko,

who settled in Copper

Queen in 1981, recently

acquired a tractor after

being granted a $16 000

loan by the Agriculture

Finance Corporation.

Kepayment of tne

loan Is spread over five

years|. Since he started

growing lodttor« Cde

•ZJvaanaahoko has mnjrto

a profit of $14 000.

Although some Ifairmconfldence in getting a «rs Ihave lUeen properly

bumper harvest at the

end of this season,

For Cdc Dlklnya Matsa.

a lot of ground hag already been tilled and

planted with cotton, maize

and groundnuts. The farmer has reserved at least

30 hectares for cotton

resettled, there are still

others who have chosen

to squat on State: land.

A «umber of squatters

|ha\i|ci Ibuitlt homes töön

themselves on araib^q

(and and tare apsd «n~

gaged In farming.

Bomte of the squatters

and, from his efforts, nc told The Herald that

expects to reap 123 bales

eatlnvatcrt at a J3 000 pro-

"Progress was earlier

hampered by the late

they came from as far

as Chivf, Chinhoyi and

other parts' of the country,

to Icok for land to settle.

But some at the squatrains and I was forced to tors cduild «ot Justify

»tart preparations in whether they had apNovembor. We expect to proached any local authstart picking cotton by «titles to Ibe resettled

late April." proporiEy. AM those who

Although local farmers apofcd to The Herald conhave enough cattle, they Ciiav.a

that they we«

prefer to use tractors satisfied with the «.rea?

which they believe caw „^y had choSen tol 9emt,

/9274

CSOr 3400/892

81
ZIMBABWE

LOW-INCOME URBANITES HIT HARDEST

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 16 Jan 87 p 9

[Text]

THE COST of living for lower income urban families in Zimbabwe

went up by 32,6 index points from

192,2 in June 1985. to 224,8

points in June 1986, representing

an, increase of 15%. During the

same period, the cost of living for

high income urban families rose

by 12,2%, when the cost of living

index rose from 189,4 to 215,9

points. The base is 100 for the

year 1980.

According to the latest Quarterly Digest of Statistics released last

week by the Central Statistical

Office, the cost of foodstuffs for

low-income urban families rose

from 206,2 index points in June

1985 to 237,3 in June 1986, an increase of 13,1 %. Drink and tobacco prices increased from 259,1 to

300.2 points in June 1986, a 14%

increase.

Clothing and footwear prices

went up from 177,7 to 200,9 index

points (a 12% increase), while rent,

fuel, and light charges increased

from 167,4 to 211,1 points, a 21 %

increase. Household stores went up

in price from 175,4 to 197 points,

an 11% increase.

Transport costs increased by

19%, while miscellaneous expenses

went from 151,4 to 167,2 index

points, representing a 9% increase.

The "all items" index rose from

196.9 to 229.8 (a 14.3% increase),

while cost of all items, net of sales

tax and excise duty, went up from

192,2 to 224,8 points, an increase

of 15%.

10,4% INCREASE

For the high-income urban families, the foodstuffs price index went

up from 198.9 to 222.0 from June

1985 to June 1986. an increase of

10,4%. while the cost index for

drink and tobacco went up by 12%

from 214.2 to 242,9 index points.

The cost of clothing and footwear

went up from 182.4 points in June

1986, a 15% increase.

Rent and rage charges increased

by 7 %. while fuel and light charges

rose by 108,2 index points from

357.7 to 249.1 points, a 30.2% increase. The cost of household stores

went from 167.7 points to 192,4. a

12.3% increase. Domestic workers'

cash wages rose 13% from 283.4

points to 325,6 in June 1986.

During the same period, the cost

index for vehicle expenses rose

from 208.3 to 236,9 points, a 12%

increase, and the miscellaneous

items index increased to 197,2

points from 176.5 points in June

1985. a 10% increase. The cost of

all items for high income urban families, excluding sales tax and excise duty, rose by 12%.

/9317

CSO: 3400/888

82
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MUGABE HAILS CUBA—The Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, yesterday thanked Cuba

for its unflinching support for the oppressed people of Southern Africa, in

a message to the Cuban leader, Cde Fidel Castro, to mark his country's national day. Cde Mugabe said: "We reiterate our objection to the linkage

of Namibia's independence to the extraneous issue of Cuban forces in Angola,

and all other manoeuvres, including the creation of a puppet regime in

Namibia, to which racist South Africa and its allies have resorted in a bid

to circumvent the United Nations plan for Namibia's decolonisation." [Text]

[Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Jan 87 p 1] /9274

UNION MERGE-.Bulawayo—.All 11 municipal trade unions affiliated to the Federation of Municipal Trade Unions have agreed to merge into a single national

union called the Zimbabwe Urban Councils Union. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD

in English 8 Jan 87 p 1] /9274

SQUATTERS INVADE SANYATI~-More than 7,000 squatters have settled on State

land, graded as unsuitable for agriculture in Sanyati, the area's district

administrator, Cde Bernard Chahuruva, said recently. Cde Chahuruva told The

Herald that while some of the squatters were from within the district, at

the other extreme some had drifted in from areas outside Mashonaland West.

Some were farmworkers abandoned by their employers soon after independence

and left destitute. A district squatter control committee, comprising the

Ministry of Health, Department of Social Service, Agritex and the local party

leadership has been set up to try and combat the problem. "The committee is

tasked to come up with recommendations which will be sent to the provincial

council. The members are also expected to map out a plan of action on the

squatters," Cde Chahuruva said it was realised squatters were not merely an

administrative problem but also political. If any action was to be successful , there had to be co-ordination between the administrative machinery and

the Zanu (PF) local leadership. "I believe the political leadership should

move in first and educate the people on the dangers of squatting. It is impossible to provide services such as schools and clinics to these people

when they are settled illegally," Cde Chahuruva said. Politicians should

move around with civil servants educating the squatters and explaining to

them why they have to move from the areas. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in

English 20 Jan 87 p 3] /9274

BIKITA BRIDGE COMPLETED—The $68,000 Chivaka No 3 bridge in Bikita was recently completed by the Bikita District Development Fund. The district

83
administrator for Bikita, Cde Webster Tembo, said Chivaka was one of the

areas neglected before independence and the bridge would help link the

Nechirongwe area to the Masvingo-Mutare road. "Farmers will now be able

to ferry their produce to urban markets. During the rainy season effective

administration was hampered because Chivaka River was impassible," he said.

Cde Tembo also said the delivery of medical supplies to Chirorwe clinic will

be much easier, and access to Chirongwe business centre has been enhanced.

Work on the bridge started in March last year and was finished in December.

The DDF also completed two other bridges over the Chivaka River between

1982 and 1984. The DDF field officer for Bikita, Cde Richard Chihwayi said

construction of roads and bridges was an on-going exercise, adding that

work would start soon on the Silveira^Chabata road. [Text] [Harare THE

HERALD in English 22 Jan 87 p 8] /9274

NEW PARLIAMENT OFFICES—Harare—Zimbabwe is planning to spend millions of

dollars on building new offices for the Prime Minister, deputy Prime

Minister and a number of key Ministries. Architects have been invited to

submit designs for the new buildings, to be erected on a site close to the

Prime Minister's official residence. The land opposite the Royal Harare

Golf Club is at present occupied by the Agricultural Research Station.

Allowing for expansion, the buildings are to provide more than 100,000 sq m

of space. The government has already approved a design for a new parliament

building to be erected on the Harare Kopje. The cost has been estimated at

nearly R200 million. Work is due to start this year on a 16-storey building

to house the ruling Zanu (PF) Party. The Prime Minister at present occupies

offices in an old colonial building in the city, [Text] [Johannesburg THE

STAR in English 12 Jan 87 p 7] /9274

JOURNALISTS MEET WITH SOVIET PRESS—Moscow—About 30 African journalistsfive of them from Zimbabwe—invited to the Soviet Union by the USSR journalists' union, met at the Friendship House with members of the Soviet public.

Cde E, Sarkisov, vice-president of the presidium of the Union of Soviet

Societies for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries,

told African journalists about the main lines of the union's activity.

Over 50 million Soviet people are members of societies of friendship with

foreign countries who total 85. The membership of the USSR-Africa friendship societies is about 200,000, In Moscow alone more than 100 meetings

and exhibitions are held to mark major events in the life of African states,

Moscow News, a weekly newspaper of the Soviet friendship societies and the

Novosti Press Agency, was presented to African journalists. The paper is

distributed in 140 countries, including African ones, [Text] [Harare THE

HERALD in English 16 Jan 87 p 3] /9274

MULR0NEY MEETS WITH BANANA, MUGABE—The Canadian Prime Minister, Mr Brian

Mulroney, has arrived in Harare for a four day visit to Zimbabwe. During his

stay, Mr Mulroney will hold talks with the leaders of three Frontline States

on the situation in Southern Africa. Meanwhile, the Canadian prime minister

has paid a courtesy call on the President, Comrade Canaan Banana, and the

Prime Minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe. Mr Mulroney and Comrade Mugabe held

the first of a series of discussions planned for the next two days. The two

leaders met for one and a half hours at Comrade Mugabe's residence, but

details of the talks have not been given. [Excerpts] [Harare Domestic

Service in English 1600 GMT 27 Jan 87 MB] /12913

84
MUGABE RETURNS FROM MEETING—In the Indian Capital, New Delhi, leaders of nine

nonaligned countries have officially announced the inauguration of a plan of

action for resisting invasion, colonialism, and apartheid. The Africa Fund

has been established to assist the Frontline States and liberation movements

exposed to the pressures, blackmail, and military actions of the racist South

African regime. Meanwhile, the Prime Minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, who

represented Zimbabwe at the Africa Fund summit, has arrived back in Harare.

He was met at the airport by the deputy prime minister, Comrade Simon Muzenda,

members of the diplomatic corps, party and government officials. [Excerpts]

[Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 25 Jan 87 MB] /12913

CSO: 3400/906

85
SOUTH AFRICA

CP, HNP LEADERS' DIFFERENCES PREVENT UNITY

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 10 Jan 87 p 13

[Article by Peter Fabricius]

[Text]

""IX7HY don't they simVV ply get down and

do it," one exasperated political observer once said

about the endless attempts

at reconciliation between

the parties of the far right

— the Conservative Party

and the Herstigte Nasionale Party.

To an outsider, the protracted ritual does indeed

seem like an elaborate courting dance by elephants with a

poor sense of anatomy. Surely

they must know how to get,

together now after four years

and more of foreplay? They

are after all, surely members

of the same species?

Now more than ever it is

politically vital for the survival of this far-right species

for them to join in some sort

of matrimony as they face an

election designed precisely to

test far-right strength.

Veteran political analyst

Dr Willem Kleynhans believes that if the two parties

form some sort of electoral

pact, they can win over 40

seats and become the new official opposition.

If they do not, he says, the

Conservative Party will win

fewer than 10 seats and the

HNP none at all.

CO what is the problem?

*^ Certainly, there are differences of policy, and tnougn

they may seem extremely

trivial from the perspective

of normality, they are the

sort of issues which have often absorbed far-right politicians.

Should the Indians have a

homeland a la CP or should

they be repatriated to India a

la HNP? is the sort of absurd

question which has inspired

jokes like this one: "Why

can't the HNP and the CP

come to an agreement?"

"Because the HNP wants

to drive all the blacks into

the sea, but the CP doesn't

loant to let them onto the

beaches."

This sort of doctrinal hairsplitting could explain some

of the antagonism between

the two parties, but not

enough, surely, to show why a

solid agreement has not yet

been struck when so much is

to be gained by it.

THE real reason, many political observers say, lies

in the personalities of the two

leaders — Jaap Marais, of

the HNP, and Andries Treurnicht, of the CP.

It is said that in any union

of the two parties, Marais

would insist on at least the

deputy leadership and possibly even co-leadership. This

would be unacceptable not

only toTreurnicht, but also to

Dr Feidi Hartzenberg, who

would lave to stand down as

deputy leader of the CP.

Most CP supporters also

believ« that Jaap Marais

gives the right wing a bad

name.

When one turns from policy

differeices to focus on the

leaders, it is obvious that

there are immense differences in style between the

two men — which are reflected in the parties' images.

Jaap Marais was once described as a "doctrinal gauleiter of the thirties", and certainly his intense, almost

fanatical, demagoguery and

naked racism have not endeared him to many outside

his own hard-core of supporters.

Treurnicht, by contrast, is

a suave and subtle theologian

who owes much of his stature

to the fact that he seems to

stand in the great tradition of

DF Malan and the other dominees of the early National

Party.

It is probably just those

adaptable qualities that make

him a good politician which

86
damn him in the eyes of an

unswerving zealot like Marals.

It seems likely that it is for

this reason that Marais does

not trust Treurnicht, who

must appear to him to be using the politics of the far

right to advance himself personally. More than once, Marais has refused to enter a byelection pact with the CP for

fear that he would be dropped

once he had served his purpose.

THE roots of that mistrust

are bedded in the turbulent times when Jaap Marais

broke away from the National Party because it had given

permission for Maoris to tour

with the 1970 All Blacks.

At that time, Andries

Treurnicht was editor of the

right-wing Pretoria newspaper Hoofstad and his editorial commentary on the HNP

breakaway was a masterly

performance of sophistry.

He had been conducting a

fierce editorial battle with

the Transvaal Sunday paper

Beeld over its more verlig

utterances, in the course of

which he supported positions

almost identical to those that

would become HNP policy.

The HNP men regarded

him as their spokesman, but

he never openly supported

them. His editorials skilfully

espoused their heretical cause

while appearing to support

Government policy.

Schalk Pienaar, then editor

of Beeld, described Treurnicht's role like this:

".. . the newspaper has

played a devastating role... in the Afrikaner turmoil which started long before it appeared on the

scene. It aggravated the situation ... by using great

dialectic skill to clothe low

forms of recalcitrance with

the cloak of respectability."

WHEN Dr Albert Hertzog,

Jaap Marais and others

met in the Pretoria North

City Hall to launch the HNP

they felt justified in expecting

Treurnicht to attend. But he

did not.

There is a story that he actually got as far as the door

of the hall, but was persuaded

by his wife to turn around.

But so sure were the HNP

of his support that he was

voted onto the steering committee for the new party "by

acclamation" in his absence.

The next day in Hoofstad

Treurnicht dissociated himself from the new party and

said that he intended to continue his struggle against

those with incorrect views,

from within the party.

The new party did not have

an alternative to National

Party policy, he said. "You

cannot establish a party purely on dissatisfaction," he lectured.

Treurnicht's subtle manoeuvring could only have

seemed to a man like Marais

as betrayal. And as champions of the right now sitting on

either side of the great Afrij kaner divide they were bound

to clash again and again.

I They did almost immediatly. In 1971 the ultra-conservative seat of Waterberg fell va-

, cant and the National Party

in the area chose Treurnicht

: as its candidate, much to the

chagrin of the party leadership.

V The HNP also put up a candidate — Jaap Marais — in

the seat where it had recorded its best performance in the

1970 general election.

! It was a bitter battle,

' where Treurnicht had to use

I all his "dialectical" skills, as

Schalk Pienaar had described

them, to reconcile his own

I known right-wing views with

the party line.

, Treurnicht nonetheless won

that election as well as the

next four encounters with

Marais in that harsh arena,

the last as leader of the Conservative Party.

That last defeat for the

much-defeated Marais must

lhave been the most difficult

ito swallow. To be beaten by

the full National Party election machine was at least

honourable.

/9317

CSO: 3400/847

87
SOUTH AFRICA

SADF ADVERTISEMENTS ATTEMPT TO ALLAY YOUNG RECRUITS1 FEARS

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 12 Jan 87 p 5

[Text]

JOHANNESBURG. - In an

unprecedented move, the Chief

of the South African Defence

Force, General Jannie Geldenhuys, lias placed full-page

newspaper advertisements.

He tells youngsters due for

call-up next month that the

SADF "tries hard to treat

troops as people".

The advertisement appeared

in Sunday newspapers. General

Geldenhuys wrote it himself,

and it shows just how his style

of military leadership differs

from that of his predecessors,

defence sources say.

They believe this is the first

time such a campaign has been

run.

The call-up system has recently been changed and the

next national service intake

will report in February instead

of January. The July call-up

has been moved to August.

In the advertisement, General Geldenhuys said it was not

the policy of the SADF to

"break troops". The SADF was

also aware that the individual

was "not merely a number".

Unfair treatment of national

servicemen by instructors

would not be tolerated.

Every effort was made to

use troops in their field of

training, but this was not always possible.

"A few out of every hundred

men may have difficulties, but

these will be so minor that

they will easily be able to handle them personally.

"A few out of every thousand

will experience bigger problems, but they would in all

probability experience similar

problems working in any other

organisation."

/9317

CSO: 3400/847

88
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC TO OPEN PERMANENT SOVIET MISSION

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Jan 87 p 7

[Text]

THE African National Congress

of South Africa is to open, a

permanent mission in the

Soviet Union, according to the

director of the liberation movement's international department, Cde Johnny Makatlnl.

He was In the Soviet Union

recently at the head of an

ANC delegation which was received by the Presidium of th«

USSR Supreme Soviet, the

USSR Foreign Ministry and

other Soviet state and imbue

organisations, on the occasion

marking the Wth anniversary

of the ANO.

In a statement to the

Novosty Press agency,' Cde

Makatlnl said: "The forthcoming opening of the permanent

representation of our organisation in the Soviet Union is a

good present made by the

Soviet people on the occasion

of the ANC1»' 75th juinlversary."

He said it would contribute

to the stepping tip of the liberation struggle in Sooth Africa,

adding that the ANC had come

to the conclusion that "despite

the widely publicised military

might and the guaranteed support received by the apartheid

regime from the imperialist

potters", the regime was "on

the rocks".

Cde »lakatini said the

ANC's slogan to make the

country ungovernable and the

apartheid system Inoperative

bail been translated into life

while the campaign for the refusal to pay rent and for the

setting up of peoples' courts

and street committee» was unaer way.

"We are moving towards

the complete isolation of the

racist regime within the country and outside it in order to

compel MIIB apartheid authorities to abandon this inhuman

vystam," Cde Makatlnl said.

The apartheid regime was

failing to cope with the people's mounting resistance and

that was why it was venting

its "anger on the netghlioiirlng

independent states which express solidarity with our struggle ana give us moral support ,

he said. .. .

He said only the speediest

introduction of comprehensive

economic sanctions against

Pretoria, would help in the

"struggle being waged by our

people against the criminal

system" and called upon the

security council of the UN to

positively solve the issue of

»ancttipi»'*

/9317

CSO: 3400/889

89
SOUTH AFRICA

PAC CHAIRMAN PLEDGES ARMS, TRAINING FOR PEOPLE

Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Jan 87 p 7

[Text]

THE Pan Africanist Congress of Azania will this

year intensify Its military

programme of arming and

training the masses to

strike harder at the Pretoria regime, the PAC!

chairman, Cde Johnson

Mlambo, has said In n

New Year message.

This was in recognition

of the teaching by the

PAC president, Cde Zeph

Mothopeng, that "a nation

without arms is no nation", said Cde Mlambo in

his message to AzanUtns.

"We, therefore, declare

1987 as the Year of Arming the People, arming

them both mentally and

physically to increase

their fighting capacity.'"

Summarising PAC activities inside South Africa

last year, Cde Mlambo

s;ild 1!)86 had been a year

of ''momentous events",

with the PAC army, the

Azanian People's Liberation Army, having scored

great successes in expanding its ranks, arming

and training the masses.

It was now widely recognised that the PAC was

very active inside South

Africa, with the regime

admitting that hundreds

of trained PAC men had

been In the country as far

back na 1970.

"During 1986, racist

chieftain P. W. Botha, and

two of his ministers then,

/9317

CSO: 3400/889

Louis lo Grange and Louis

Nel, had to accuse us

falsely of sending what

they call hit squads,"

»aid the PAC leader.

**ln the meantime,

thousands of our unarmed

patriots were cut down by

enemy fire, but many

more rushed forward like

a tiger that no force

could hold back.

'"This growing resistance of the oppressed

Azania us is a foretaste of

what our angry masses

do In the approaching

stage of tare armed struggle. It Is a strong reminder to the racists that we

are indeed in the 1980s —:

the decade of the Azanian

revolution."

On the labour, front, he

said after hailing the

birth of the 500 000-strong

Cosatu, the PAC had welcomed Wie formation of

the 420 000-member CuaaAzactu Federation following the merger of two of

the country's largest

black consciousness labour

groups.

He urged the labour

unions . to take up the

great'task of unionising

the majority of the worhera who were at present

outside the labour bodies

and to create condition«

to promote overall trade

union unity.

"To our women, youtb,

peasants and other communities, the PAC recognises your contributions

in your respective front».

You are different bat»

talions In one army of

the self-sarne struggle."

On the question or

whites, Cde Mlambo said:

"We wish to emphasise

that the freedom of tho

Africans will mean the

freedom of all in Azania.

the whites included, because only African majority rule can guarantee

the establishment of a

genuine democracy in our

country.

"We continue standing

for equal rights for all

Individuals. But the whites

first have to accept allegiance to Africa. Once a

truly non-racial democracy exists in Azania, a!)

individuals, whatever their

colour or origin, will bn

nccepted as Africans."

Cde Mlambo said the

oppressed people in South

Africa wert demanding

"one person one vote liii

one undivided non-raclaj

Azania. All our patriotic

organisations should restate this as our immediate demand."

The PAC leader noted

that international support

for the cause of the oppressed in South Africa

had during the past year

"taken a great leap forward", boosting the

morale of the struggling

masses Inside the country.

"For our part, we extend our solidarity to all

others fighting for liberation in all parts of the

world. We especially extend our support for and

solidarity with the Palestinians under the leadership of the PLO headed

by chairman Yasser Arafat."

Meanwhile, the PAC

leader hias dismissed .denials by the South Aft lean

prison authorities that one

of the country's two' longest serving political

prisoners, Cde Jeff M«-?«-

niola, was critically ill

after 33 days of hunger

strike.

In a statement issued in

Dar es Salaam yesterday,

Cde Mlambo asked: "Hew

can & mto who has gone

without foo'I for 33 days

'be said! Ito be not In don-

(,-Cj. f«

On the reason why Crie

Msseanola Avas- on ifitn^.ci

»trili e, he ßai*d South Aiiicftn political prisoner's had

always resorted to such

actions because c:l' the

continuously worsening

problems in the country's

maximum security prison-;.

(.lie Mlamlo said the

PAC had learnt that Cite

Moscmcla wag "critically

ill" and that his life was

in grave danger. He urged

the international community to exert prcssurs en

the Pretoria regime "hi

stave the life of this

prisoner of Apartheid". !

90
SOUTH AFRICA

'WITDOEK' WAR MOVES TO EASTERN CAPE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 9-15 Jan 87 p 2

[Article by Peggy Killeen]

I Text] UNITED Democratic Front members

in Kwanobuhle are still reeling from a

witdoek-typc raid on their homes at

the weekend.

They were attacked by about 1 000

youths wearing white headbands who

swept through the streets, setting fire

to property and furniture as they

went.

At least two people died and many

were injured in what was later

described as an attempt to destroy the

UDF in the Uitenhage township.

At a press conference later in the

week, Uitenhage UDF spokesman

Mccdisi Stoto said many of those who

managed to flee the youths were

arrested by municipal policemen

waiting nearby.

Stoto also said a police helicopter

had hovered above the township for

more than an hour before the attack.

Stoto said some activists had fled on

foot all the way to Port Elizabeth—

about 35 kilometers away.

He said he believed about 200 people

had been arrested and there were a

further 100 unaccounted for.

• Meanwhile a spokesman for a

group formed shortly before the

violence eniptcd, the African Persons'

Concerned Committee, telephoned

local newspapers to announce that his

group intended "disbanding" all

political organisations in the

township, including the UDF and

Azapo.

He said the committee had been

formed spontaneously by "concerned

/9317

CSO: 3400/812

people" who were "tired of the

intimidation of comrades holding the

township to ransom".

After the launch meeting on Sunday,

he said, "some people decided

spontaneously to attack comrades".

To add to the confusion, ousted

Azapo leader Ebenezer Maqina

released his own press statement

warning white civil rights

campaigners to stay out of

Kwanobuhle.

Describing the weekend's clashes,

he said he had seen "elderly people of

about 60 marching through the streets

with knobkierics. They were against

the comrades, who were perhaps

unfortunately UDF. It's there now for

everyone to see."

The police responded by saying the

violence was "not unrest-related".

SAP liaison officer Major Eddie

Everson described the vigilantes as

"just a group of concerned people".

lie said about 1 500 people had

marched through the streets "calmly".

They had "tried to get hold of the

troublemakers, removed the furniture

from specific houses and set it alight".

When the group encountered an

opposing band of men, he said, the

two "thrashed it out" and "the

youngsters fled into neighbouring

koppies".

He said police had not been able to

stop the violence because of the

group's size and the fact that it was

operating over a large area. — East

Cape News Agency.

91
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP UNDER SADF CONTROL

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 9-15 Jan 87 p 16

[Article by Mono Badela]

[Text] NOWHERE is the militarisation of

South Africa more clear than in the

strife-torn Eastern Cape city of Port

Elizabeth where the townships are

under the control of the army.

The situation is particularly bad in

New Brighton — the oldest black

township in the city — where some

500 000 residents have been living

under a state of siege by SADF troops

for nearly 20 months.

On entering New Brighton, one is

immediately struck by the tension in

the atmosphere. One is greeted by an

entanglement of razor-wire fencing

which seals residents off from the

outside word.

A huge roadblock at the entrance to

the township is manned by soldiers,

police, black municipal policemen and

the newly-created "kits-cops", the

hastily trained blue-overalled police.

At the roadbloack, residents as well

as visitors are thoroughly screened.

Names addresses and vehicle

registration numbers are taken down.

All are asked the purpose of their visit

to the township.

Passing the roadblock, one is

greeted by small columns of black

policemen with Rl rifles patrolling

the street on foot. They have been

recruited from other areas.

Hippos patrol the streets night and

day, playing military music and

blaring put propaganda saying they

are there to stabilise and protect and

give blacks a better way of life.

Many school buildings have been

/9317

CSO: 3400/812

destroyed. So even if the 53 schools

closed down by the government were

opened, there would have to be double

sessions to get everyone into

classrooms.

There is only one post office for

New Brighton and two neighbouring

townships. Those in Kwazakhele and

Zwide were destroyed by arsonists,

leaving the New Brighton post office

to serve all three townships.

The same can be said of many township shops.

People's courts are continuing to try

alleged offenders and there is a strong

communal support system. Residents

share what food they can muster.

The local consumer boycott,

relaunched in November, was lifted

on New Year's Eve. A consumer

boycott committee representative said

the decision to suspend the boycott

indefinitely had been taken to give

relief to people because they "had

sacrificed a great deal during the

festive season".

Resistance leaders are hard to find.

One of the few still around, Mzimasi

Mangcontywa, said more than 1 000

township dwellers have been detained

under the State of Emergency and

very few have been released.

He said despite this the political

movement in the township was

massive. Many new leaders were

coming forward.

"It's a continuous tide, wave upon

wave. They can't stop it. The more

they detain people, the more the

struggle intensifies," he said. —TOPS

92
SOUTH AFRICA

STRUGGLE BETWEEN DET, "PEOPLE'S EDUCATION' ENTERING NEW PHASE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16-22 Jan 87 p 5

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

MEN wielding paint brushes and

carrying pails of paint are busy

removing the names of leaders of the

outlawed African National Congress

and the South African Communist

Party from the walls of black schools.

The names — Nelson Mandela,

Oliver Tambo, Walter Sisulu and Joe

Slovo — were painted on the walls by

young activists in township classrooms in the past two years.

Emblazoned on school walls in

townships around Johannesburg, they

signalled a bid to rename the schools

after them in recognition of their fight

against the established order.

The men armed with swabs were

ordered into action after a visit to

black schools in Alexandra by the

Deputy Minister of Education and

Training, Sam de Beer.

It was as if he were trying to wipe

the slate clear)... to begin again at the

beginnings _

The new year undoubtedly started

differently. Thousands of black pupils

returned to school, signalling the end

of the boycott which disrupted black

education in South Africa last year

and, at different levels of intensity,

every year since 1980.

But the struggle between the

Department of Education of Training

and its radical foes for control of

township classrooms is far from over.

It has merely entered a new phase.

The demand of many black pupils

returning to school after the turmoil

and boycotts last year is for "people's

education".

After a brief flirtation, the boycottencouraging slogan "liberation before

education" has been discarded. It has

been replaced by a new rallying cry:

"people's education for people's

power".

The aim is not to boycott state-ran

schools but to change them from

within by the introduction of courses

designed to help pupils to "understand

the evils of apartheid" and to prepare

them for "participation in a nonracial, democratic system".

It is against that background that

most black organisations have urged

pupils to return to school.

The National Education Crisis

Committee has called on the government to grant control of black

education to the black community,

saying: "We want to resume the duty

of setting syllabuses."

The authorities are clearly nervous

of the new demands, as manifest by

two successive Emergency decrees.

The first empowered the directorgeneral of black education to prohibit

any course not approved under the

Education Act of 1979, thus

effectively outlawing all but officially

approved courses. The second, issued

a week ago by Police Commissioner

Johann Coetzee, forbade all meetings

held under the auspices of the NECC

where people's education is even

discussed.

Most NECC executive members arc

already in detention, including its

chairman, Vusi Khanyile, and its

secretary, Molefe Tsele. So, too, is

93
Zwelakhe Sisulu, editor of New

Nation and chairman of the NF.CC

commission into an alternative

people's education.

The Minister of Education and

Training, Gerrit Viljocn, has charged

on television that people's education is

inspired by political rather than

educational objectives. He cited its

declared aim of eliminating "capitalist

norms of competition" as evidence of

its Marxist outlook.

Eric Molobi, one of the few NECC

executive members who has managed

to elude the Security Police, hit back

promptly. "(Viljocn) has correctly

interpreted people's education as a

threat to his government," he

commented.

Molobi rejected a cherished and oft

repeated notion of the Department of

Education and Training: that it offers

a politically-free education. :

"We reject Bantu Education as a

reactionary education system, very

.political in content and form," he said.

"It is not coincidental that students

refer to it as.'gutter education'

because it is just that."

He was seemingly referring to

without specifically quoting the words

of the architect of Bantu Education,

Hendrik Verwoerd, who declared:

"There is no place for (the black man)

in the European community above the

level of certain forms of labour."

The Department of Education and

Training has repudiated that statement

— in the words of Jaap Strydom,

acting director general of black

education — "over and over and over

again".

But the suspicion lingers in the black

community that behind all the new

terminology the intention is still the

same.

Molobi, who helped with the first

draft of a people's education history

textbook, challenged Viljocn to deny

that history, as taught in state schools,

black and white, teemed with

"historical and political'discrepancies,

omissions and distortions, aimed at

maintaining white minority rule while

belitting the majority of our people".

Where Strydom has justified

Emergency measures as necessary to

keep "intruders and intimidators" out

of black schools, Molobi countered by

referring to the posting of soldiers in

i schoolyards.

"It is strange that he conveniently

ignores the role of the South African

Defence Force," Molobi said.

By any criteria — per capita

expenditure, teacher-pupil ratios,

end-of-school exam results — black

education is inferior to the education

received by white children.

Per capita expenditure on black

children is less than a sixth of that on

white children. Teacher-pupil ratios

for blacks are about 1:40 against 1:20

for whites. End-of-school pass rates

are much lower in black schools, 50

against 90 percent.

Black education is not merely

second best. It is fourth best, being

inferior — by the criteria cited above

— to the state education given to

Indian and coloured children.

But many black parents — perhaps

even a clear majority — want the

turmoil in schools to end. Peter

Mundell, of the Department of

Education and Training, contended:

"Black parents are determined to cut

the clatter and get on with it."

The attrition rate at black schools is

disturbing. For every 100 black pupils

who start school, only 10 survive to

write the school-leaving exam at the

end of standard 10. Of these, only 50

percent pass — against more than 90

percent for whites, nearly 86 percent

for Indians and about 66 percent for

coloureds.

Faced with the threat of a whole

generation of drop-outs, a majority of

parents may even temporarily settle

for inferior education as better than

no education. Their children may be

less pragmatic, even in the short term

As the South African National

Students Congress warned: "We must

warn the government that if going

back to school means more

swallowing of the colonialist

education that we so abhor, then it will

have itself to blame if schools are

going to run empty."

Whatever the immediate outcome,

as Viljoen has conceded, there can be

no long-term solution to the crisis in

schools until blacks are accommodated politically. That, however, is

a long way off.

/9317

CSO: 3400/891

94
SOUTH AFRICA

KWANDEBELE CITED AS ONE OF APARTHEID'S FAILURES

Johannesburg THE STAR In English 15 Jan 87 p 14

[Article by Rich Mkhondo and Sol Makgabutlane]

[Text]

kwaNdebele, 1600 sq m of dusty,

barren land, could be described as a

monument to the shortcomings of

South Africa's system of homelands.

Political instability and violence

in this troubled landscape have cost

many lives.

With about 200 000 residents (the

kwaNdebele Government refuses to

reveal the exact number), it has become one of apartheid's most unsuccessful creations.

It is made up of 40 villages, some

turned into shanty towns, on the

north-eastern edges of Pretoria.

Political violence erupted last

year and scores of people were

killed as inhabitants, occasionally

led by members of the royal Mahlangu family, campaigned against

proposed independence.

The big day for independence was

originally scheduled for December

11 and a multimillion-rand stadium,

a venue for the celebrations, was

built.

Then, in August, the Legislative

Assembly decided to halt independence moves.

In November, the Chief Minister,

Mr Simon Skosana, died of diabetes

and his Interior Minister, Mr Piet

Ntuli, was killed in a car bomb

blast. '

Mr Skosana's successor, Mr

George Mahlangu, is non-committal about forthcoming developments, saying it is ''too soon to

predict what is going to nappen".

After the events in kwaNdebele,

it is not going to be easy for the

other non-independent homelands to

opt for self-rule. They are kwaZulu,

Lebowa, QwaQwa, kaNgwane and

Gazankulu.

Political observers believe it has

become increasingly clear that unrest in the homelands, especially in

kwaNbebele, is a definite message

to the South African Government

that most South African blacks

want nothing to do with the Government's mini-states.

The homeland remains a poor relocation area on the periphery of

the wealthy and industrial PretoriaWitwatersrand-Vereeniging (PWV)

triangle. Daily, people from kwaNdebele traverlong distances to and

from work in buses.

Mr Petrus Skhosana, chairman of

the kwaNdebele Students Congress,

which has been fighting to thwart

the independence plans, said: "Independence is a divide-and-conquer

ploy."

95
kwaNdebele's backtrack on independence was the inhabitants' second victory.

The first was when they forced

the Legislative Assembly to dissolve

the dreaded Mbokotho vigilante

group, a conservative movement

formed by Mr Simon Skosana.

Residents soon claimed the movement was imposing a reign of terror, killing and torturing people,

especially opponents of the ruling

party.

The assassination of Mr Ntuli

cleared the way for the dissolution

of the movement.

Government people say Mbokotho

has been disbanded and independence plans shelved.

Mr Deon du Plooy of the Department of Constitutional Development

and Planning in Pretoria, said: "The

South African Government respects

the will of the kwaNdebele Government on the independence issue and

we shall continue our close co-operation for the further development of

the territory and for the betterment

of the people of kwaNdebele."

He said any tribal territory that

preferred not to accept independence would remain a part of the

South African nation, its people

would remain South African citizens

"and the territory should be accommodated in political institutions

within the Republic".

79317

CSO: 3400/844

96
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CISKEI IMPORTS GERMAN BEEF—East London—Tons of frozen meat are still

being imported into Ciskei—but this time from Germany and not Australia.

A Bisho businessman, Mr Andre Linde, set a precedent last year when he

imported several tons of Australian mutton which he sold for almost R2 a

kg cheaper than South African mutton. Mr Linde is now importing beef

by the container-load from Germany. The general manager of the SA Meat

Board, Dr Pieter Coetzee, said Ciskei had agreed not to allow the imported

meat out of Ciskei.—Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

14 Jan 87 p 5] /9317

RAPID ESCALATION OF BLACK POPULATION—The number of blacks in SA increased

by more than 1-million to 19,507-million between October 1984 and

October 1986, says Central Statistical Services. By October this year,

the black population will exceed 20-million for the first time.

Economists said yesterday the rapid population growth among blacks—

currently approaching 3% had to be slowed if the escalating unemployment

problem was to be retarded. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 14 Jan 87 p 3] /9317

CSO: 3400/844

97
SOUTH AFRICA

PROS, CONS OF DRAFT BILL ON LABOR RELATIONS EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16-22 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Claire Pickard-Cambridge]

[Text] UNDERNEATH the shiny face of the

draft Bill amending South Africa's

Labour Relations Act are some dark,

worrying features.

The feeling among legal experts is

that the main aspects of the draft

legislation are beneficial — but there

are some retrogressive and ambiguous

provisions.

A key proposal is the creation of a

special labour court' manned by

Supreme Court judges, which will

hear appeals against Industrial Court

decisions and could handle cases

brought to it directly if Ministerial;

regulations allow this. !

Labour experts agree that a special

labour appeal body is needed, but say

its success will depend on the

appointment of judges with a

sensitivity to labour matters.

A serious concern will be the

inability of these courts and the

existing industrial courts to hear

applications for urgent relief

following the proposed scrapping of

section 17 (ll)(a).

The industrial courts currently have

the power to hear urgent disputes of

right, but the new Bill could remove

this — the only mechanism in labour

law for the resolution of immediate

problems.

One leading labour lawyer says:

"Time is of the essence in labour

disputes. Without this provision,

parties will only be able to go to the

Supreme Court, which doesn't always

understand the urgency and

complexity of labour matters."

Another legal expert disapproves of

the special labpur court's potential to

serve as a court of first instance in

hearing unfair dismissal and unfair

labour practice (ULP) cases. This

would give it almost the same powers

as the industrial court, he says, raising

fears that the authorities could be

downscaling the industrial courts.

New secrecy provisions, making it a

criminal offence to disclose the

outcome of industrial court cases

without the consent of the court's

president, have been widely

condemned.

Clive Thompson, editor of the

Industrial Law Journal, says the

development of a coherent legal

approach would be seriously

hampered by the secrecy provision.

"It is in the public interest that

judgements be published. The only

\ exception should be to allow a party to

argue before the industrial court that

certain evidence is confidential and

should not be made available for

general distribution when the

judgement is published," he said.

The creation of new ULPs in the

Bill is likely to generate the most

controversy because their terms are so

wide-ranging.

Professor PAK le feoux of Unisa's

mercantile law department says some

of the new ULP definitions are vague

and still need a lot of work. One

example is a clause making it unfair

for one worker to be replaced by

another under less favourable

circumstances — apparently a sop to

98
white workers by discouraging racial

undercutting.

While most unions are likely to

welcome this clause, it will mean

employers' hands will be tied. Even

salaries, irrespective of seniority, will

have to be retained if the clause isn't

redefined clearly.

Le Roux says the exact scope of new

clauses which make it illegal to have

sympathy strikes, and unfair to launch

secondary boycotts involving

employers and employees not directly

party to a dispute, are unclear.

The clause making discrimination

on grounds of race, sex or religion

unfair has been welcomed, although it

is largely of symbolic importance

because the old ULP definition could

encompass this. But at least one

lawyer suspects that the remaining job

reservation provisions in the Mines

and Works Act will continue to take

precedence over the new ULP amendments.

The most critical clause in the new

ULP definition makes it a duty, for

the first time, for representative

unions and employers to bargain with

one another. This could signal the end

of the recognition disputes between

companies and representative unions.

The clause is vital because it gives

the court the power to decide whether

employers have to bargain at plant

level rather than at industrial council

level, if unions request this. A leading

lawyer says this clause may reverse

the Metal and Allied Workers' Union

v Hart case, where the court found

there could not be a duty to bargain at

plant level if this duty already existed

at industrial council level.

Legal strikes have still not been

decriminalised and the Bill does not

clarify the circumstances under which

legal strikers should enjoy protection.

However, it will still have to be seen

whether the courts will treat illegal

strikes as ULPs.

Mark Anstey, new director of the

University of Port Elizabeth's

Industrial Relations Unit, is also

concerned about a new ULP in the

draft Bill which applies to an

employer organisation or union

taking action without authorisation

from its members.

"Some unions give representatives a

fairly open mandate, while others do

not. Who will decide what kind of

mandate is fair and under what

, circumstances? I suspect this is the

product of employers looking for

certainty in circumstances which do

not lend themselves to it," he says.

Another important feature of the

Bill is the separation of an unfair

dismissal from an ULP. Some feel this

is a positive move — but critics say

there's no clear provision against

selective dismissals and selective

rehirings, and arbitration procedures

for an unfair dismissal seem

unnecessarily convoluted.

In terms of the Bill.it is no longer

a ULP to selectively re-hire dismissed

workers according to objective

criteria. This allows employers to hire

new workers after a strike and only

re-engage a portion of their old staff,

albeit using "objective criteria". This

is retrogressive because any selective

re-engagement may be unfair under

the existing ULP definition.

Simplified procedures for

conciliation board applications will

speed up dispute resolution, and allow

quicker access to the industrial court

if board meetings fail to result in

agreement.

In future, the appointment of a

conciliation board will not depend on

Ministerial discretion but will be an

automatic procedure; handled by a

Manpower Department official. This

has been welcomed because it will

prevent controversies arising, as in

the.past, over suspected political

interference. But the new time limits

in which conciliation board

applications have to be lodged are felt

to be a little stringent. Grievance

procedures at factory level could be

undermined if parties have to apply

for a board before initial negotiations

have stalemated.

There is confusion about whether

industrial councils are still obliged to

settle disputes only with the consent of

affected parties. If the Bill allows

industrial councils to resolve disputes

without the consent of parties (who

may not be directly represented on the

council), this could block opposing

parties from going to the industrial

court.

This question, and others, will

receive more attention when the Bill is

discussed at a conference at the Wits

Law School from January 22 to 24.

The coming month will also,

clearly, be a crucial period for parties

i wanting to make representations to the

Manpower Department before the

deadline lapses on February 6.

/9317

CSO: 3400/846

99
SOUTH AFRICA

LEGAL RESOURCES CENTER WORK GROWS ALONG WITH UNREST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Jan 87 p 15

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text]

Difficult and unhappy

conditions in South Africa

led to a growth in the demand for free legal services from the Legal Resources Centre (LRC) in

recent months, says the

LRC's latest annual report.

The LRC, which was

first established in 1979

to give free legal advice

to those who could not afford it, employs 23 attorneys and advocates and a

sizeable support staff to

keep going its five

branches in major cities

around the country.

Its major fields of

work in the year ended

March 31 1986 involved

labour matters as well as

housing, residence, influx

control, human rights,

citizenship, consumer

abuses and the abuse of

power vested in public

officials.

In addition a new and

demanding set of issues

relating to the state of

emergency have taxed

the resources of the LRC,

an organisation dependent entirely on donations for funds.

"Unrest throughout

South Africa has introduced changes in the pattern of work coming to

the LRC," said the Mr

Charl Celliers, chairman

of the Legal Resources

Trust which controls the

funding of the LRC.

"For most of the year

under review a large part

of the country was subject to a state of emergency.

"Since then a nationwide state of emergency

has been declared and

this is still in force," said

national director of the

LRC, Mr Arthur Chaskalson SC.

"Under the state of

emergency wide powers

of arrest, detention,

search, seizure and censorship have been conferred upon and used by the

police and military.

"Ultimately a just society depends upon a

legal system which functions openly and fairly

and which is readily accessible to all who wish

to make use of its institu

tions.

"The work of the LRC,

which is directed to this

goal, is therefore of fundamental importance

and is indeed made more

urgent by unrest and conflict within the country."

He said the emergency

had added considerably

to the LRC's workload.

"Suddenly there are a

large number of people

wanting information

about where their friends

and relatives are being

detained, about what

rights detainees have,

what can be done for people in detention and what

can be done to get people

out of detention."

Following several

court challenges to the

emergency regulations a

substantial number of

people had been released.

Mr Chaskalson welcomed vigorous protests

from the legal profession

against the emergency.

"It is important that

this should be done, otherwise the courts cannot

perform their historic

role of providing protection to individuals

against unlawful conduct

of the State or its officials."

Reports compiled from

the regonal offices of the

LRC said the first state

of emergency had "serious and alarming consequences on the protection

afforded by an independent judiciary to an individual".

"The numbers suffering under arbitrary action by the police and the

army are high."

100
Every day the offices of the

Legal Resources Centre are

crowded with people tangled

in the legal red tape which

rules their lives. Here are just

a few of the human stories

told to the Centre:

•The Development Board at

Paarl told Mr X's employer

that his contract as a migrant

labourer would not be renewed because he had brought his

family with him to the Western Cape without a permit.

In fact, Mr X had brought

his three-year-old son to stay

with him for a month for

medical treatment.

Mr X was arrested for having the child with him. He

paid an admission of guilt

fine.

The LRC appealed against

the ruling, which ended his

migrant labour contract, and

was successful in winning

Section 10 (l)(b) rights for Mr

X under the influx control

laws.

• Mrs Y wanted to work in

Johannesburg and the West

Rand Development Board approved, sending the required

form to the local labour office

in Bophuthatswana. The office refused to process the appliation because Mrs Y was

not a citizen of the homeland.

The Johannesburg authorities refused to process the application because she was a

citizen of Bophuthatswana

and required approval from

the homeland labour office.

The LRC finally obtained

recognition of Bophuthatswana citizenship for Mrs Y,

enabling her to work in

Johannesburg.

• Mr C, a teenager, was arrested by the police after

someone had falsely accused

him of theft. He was assaulted by the police.

' His brother went to inquire

why he had been arrested,

was himself arrested and assaulted more seriously than

MrC.

Actions for damages for

unlawful arrest and assault

were brought against the Minister of Law and Order. Before the court appearance, the

Minister paid Rl 000 to Mr C

and R3 500 to his brother.

/9317

CSO: 3400/849

101
SOUTH AFRICA

SAIRR SURVEY SHOWS BREAKDOWN OF POLITICAL VIOLENCE DURING YEAR

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jan 87 p 13

[Text]

Education Violence

Staff Reporters

Figures compiled in a South

African Institute for Race Re

lations survey reveal that politically-related deaths increased dramatically after the

imposition of the state of emergency in 1985.

Security forces killed 71

more township residents during

the five months of the emergency than in the previous six • months, say survey figures. In

the six months from January 1

to July 20 1985,185 were killed.

From the start of the emergency till the end of the year, security forces killed 256. In all, 879

people died in politically-related incidents that year.

The survey's breakdown of

the political violence toll for

the year shows:

• Almost double the number of

residents (179) were killed by

residents in the emergency

compared to the rest of the

year (94).

• No blacks were killed by

white civilians before the

emergency; two died during the

emergency. One white civilian

was killed by blacks before the

emergency; four during the

emergency.

• Seven security forces members were killed by residents

before the emergency; 19 during the emergency.

More than a million black and

coloured schoolchildren boycotted classes in 1985. Survey

figures show that about 674 300

black and 360 000 Western Cape

coloured pupils were involved.

Neither the emergency nor

strict Government measures

could stem the stayaways.

Pupils continued to boycott

until their demands were met,

and when the Congress of South

African Students was banned

on August 8 this sparked new

boycott calls.

The survey said a significant

feature of the boycotts in 1985

was the co-operation between

pupils and parents.

The vast disparity in education between different races

was indicated by the survey's

pupil/teacher ratios in 1985:

one teacher for every 41 black

children; one teacher for every

19 white children.

The crisis in black schools

and collapse of formal education in some areas led many

parents to enrol their children

at private schools.

102
Black Resistance

Black resistance to Government policies and conflict within the black community'

reached new levels of intensity

during 1985, according to the

survey. i

"Resistance included school,

boycotts, worker stayaways, insurgency, violent confrontations with security forces by

township residents, and violent

attacks on people allegedly associated with the authorities,"

it said.

Consumer boycotts were also

used as a political weapon, and

in some cases led to "unprecedented negotiations" between

businessmen, municipal officials and township organisations over national issues.

"The epicentre of violence

moved from the northern Free

State, Eastern Cape and East

Rand in the early part Of the

year to Natal, the Peninsula

and Boland. Damage to property was estimated at R138 million." :

There were 2 615 injuries

caused by gunshot wounds,

stonethrowing, burning, teargas, hand grenade attacks and

bites by police dogs, according

to figures provided by then

Minister of Law and Order Mr

Louis le Grange.

Altogether 1996 people weredetained between July 21 1985

and March 71986.

"In the 18 months which preceded November 1985, the

homes of 500 black policemen

were burnt down."

Employment

The decline in job opportunities

was an important feature of

the 1985 employment scene,

i says the survey. The number of

registered unemployed in 1985

were (1984 figures in brackets):

blacks - 52984 (34094); Asians

— 9 744 (3 980); coloureds —

29 315 (12406); whites - 28068

(13089).

The survey noted that unemployment statistics cannot be

regarded as comprehensive because it is not compulsory for

the unemployed to register.

Non-official estimates put the

number of jobless at between

1500 000 and 3 00 000.

The survey said that despite

growing unemployent, the

number of beneficiaries from

the State's Unemployment Insurance Fund (UIF) declined

from 320475 in 1983 to 305870

in 1984. At least 459 employers

were prosecuted in 1984 for

failing to keep their employees'

UIF cards up to date. Another

10 986 received warnings.

The Consumer Price Index

at the end of 1985 was 18,4 percent higher than in December

1984 — its highest increase in

66 years. The main factors behind the acceleration in the inflation rate was the depreciation in the rand foreign exchange value and the rise in

GST from 10 percent to 12 percent.

An estimated 1200 000 employees were covered by wage

determinations passed in terms

pf the Wage Act, with the 1985

average monthly household incomes being R325, Rl 109, R680

and R1958 for blacks, Asians,

coloureds and whites respectively.

The low wages paid to domestic workers continued to be

an issue in 1985.

Transport

The transport industry was

beset by financial and political

problems in 1985.

Subsidies for bus passengers

amounted to R209 million in

1984/85, and those for train

passengers were an estimated

R840 million. The root of the

problem, said one authority,

was that passengers bore only

22 percent of transport costs

compared with 66 percent

worldwide.

Widespread unrest in townships from September 1984 saw

many buses being petrol

bombed, burnt, stoned or hijacked. Many companies with103
drew vehicles to the outskirts

of townships for long periods to

avoid losses and injury to drivers and passengers.

Putco said unrest from September 1984 to September 1985

had cost it R21 million.

More coloureds were reclassified into all race groups than

in the previous year, with four

times as many "becoming"

Africans.

Race Classification

More than 31 percent more

people were reclassified as belonging to other race groups in

1985 than in the previous year,

the survey shows.

In all, 1167 people were reclassified.

The largest single group

being reclassified is "coloured

to white" — more than 700 people.

The next largest group was

"African to coloured" — 249

people.

Nineteen whites were reclassified as coloured but, unlike

1984, none reclassified as Chinese or Indian.

Migrant Workers

The number of migrant work

ers to get urban rights rose

only minimally in 1985, the survey found.

This was in spite of the Government's announcement that

it was giving urgent consideration to measures to eliminating

discriminatory aspects of influx control.

In 1985, permanent residence

rights in white group areas

were granted to 25 612 migrant

workers — an increase of only

1282 on the previous year, although more than 7 000 more

applications were made.

However, the number of arrests for influx control offences

(the so-called pass laws) declined dramatically from 1984

to 1985 — 132 397 arrests.

/9317

CSO: 3400/849

104
SOUTH AFRICA

REPORT ON RACE RELATIONS SHOWS LITTLE CHANGE IN PAST 50 YEARS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jan 87 p 13

[Article by Claire Robertson]

The South African Institute for Race Relations celebrates 50 years

of monitoring the injustices, advances and setbacks in a multiracial society with the publication of its 1985 Race Relations Survey

this year. . „_ _ ,

In 1935 J D Rbeinallt-Johes published the pioneering Race Relations in 1935: A South African Survey" which included several observations on police-public relationships:

"In certain areas, notably the Cape Peninsula and the Witwatersrand the raltions between the Police and sections of the Non-European public are very strained, and there is a growing disposition to

use the knife.

"There were numerous instances of vicious attacks by Native

and Coloured men on the police:

• Five members of the police force in Benoni were seriously injured in one month.

• A Native detective in Johannesburg was paralysed through the

penetration of a stab into the brain.

"While it may be true that to some extent the situation is due to

brutality by some of the European and Native police, the serious

growth in the consistently criminal elements, in both the Native

and Coloured populations, is also an important facwr."

The survey also noted that "a common complaint by Non-Europeans against the Police is that they use compulsion to secure

confessions from accused persons and statements from witnesses.

"In a few cases the Court refused to accept the complaint as

true."

In conclusion he wrote:

"From what has been said, it will have been gathered that during

1935 there were many matters of serious concern to engage the

attention of those who give time and thought to problems of race

relations, and that at the close of the year most of these problems

remained unresolved.

FEELINGS OF UNCERTAINTY AND ANXIETY'

"Not only so, but feelings of uncertainty and anxiety have been

aroused in large numbers of the Native people through the discussions on the transfer of the Protectorates and the Native Bills, the

results of the civilised labour policy and, not by any means the

least disturbing influence, the Italo-Abyssinian War. In remote Native Reserves the War is a topic of conversation and the cause of

anxious concern for the fate of what is regarded as a Native State.

105
"Among Europeans, the conflict of principles in racial policy bad become sharper, the

'issues more distinct."

The survey was presented at the annual

imeeting of the council of the institute on

!^bnmr^^lJ^;^i^5ji'ry?|:;^

:

^^

'. At the meeting, the council also heard an

address written by Professor RF Alfred'

1 Hoernle in which he described a South Africa

"governed by the votes of some 900 000 White

men and women admitted to the franchise

(because) they had a white skin and an age of

:21 years'V';;^;-^. .---..^',".-.! > v

: Concerning what a "visitor from Mars" or

"an intelligent Japanese traveller" would

note about Scfutii African society in 1935, he

"He would set down that very large numbers of' bläck>skinned humans are found in

the White areas but they are rather markedly set apart fromthe!Whites, r i

| DELIBE^

>• "He would find them set apart by deliberate spatial arrangement — their dwellingplaces bunched together in 'locations', generally at some distance from the White settlements, or, ;if close by, then specially

fenced off from the neighbouring White

homesteads; or, where the Blacks live as

domestic servants in close proximity to the

Whites for the latter's convenience, he would

still find their rooms visibly segregated at

the back of the yard, or at the bottom of the

garden, connected and yet kept at a distance.

"Looking deeper, he would also find that

most of the hard and dirty work, the unskilled Work, the menial labour, is down by

them, and that, if Whites are found to be

doing similar 'Kaffir-work', they are paid for\

it at three, or more, times the rate which the

Blacks receive. '

"Even where there is no direct competition

in the labour market between Black and

White, he will note that Blacks are paid

much less for the,same kind of work than

Whites. ^:,:: ,:

"Even in town schools, experienced Black

teachers will receive, on the average, less

than half the starting salary of a White

teacher. In short, he will note that there are,

in principle, two standards of life: one caused

the 'civilised' standard, and regarded as

proper for every White person in virtue of

the colour of his skin; the other, nameless,

regarded as appropriate for all Blackskinned South Africans."

/9317

CSO: 3400/849

106
SOUTH AFRICA

MATRIC RESULTS SHOW DISPARITY IN QUALITY OF EDUCATIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Jan 87 p 11

[Article by Susan Pleming]

[Text]

An analysis of the 1986 matric results of pupils from different education departments indicated a wide disparity

in the quality of education between the racial groups.

White pupils came out with the best results, followed by

Indian, coloured and then black children.

Education in South Africa is run by 18 education departments, including those controlled by the independent

States and the provincial white departments.

The racial groups write different exams. For example,

black candidates write the Department of Education and

Training's Senior Certificate examination, coloured candidates write the exams from the Department of Education

and Culture, House of Representatives, Indians write the

exams from the Department of Education and Culture,

House of Delegates.

White pupils write examinations set by provincial education departments. Transvaal pupils write the Transvaal

Education Department examinations and in the Cape they

write the Cape Education Department's papers.

All examinations written in South Africa are moderated by the Joint Matriculation Board.

Although some pupils write the exams set by separate

and independent education departments in the independent and national States, many homeland pupils write the

DET's papers.

The majority of results issued from the Department of

Education and Training come from pupils in the homelands. Only ä small number are from urban areas in South

Africa.

Of the 89235 black full-time candidates under the DET,

51,99 percent passed — an increase of 2,96 percent over

1985's results.

The black matric results were low in comparison to the

white candidates' results. The percentage of white candidates to pass the Transvaal Education Department matric examinations topped 92,1 percent.

Only 13,07 percent of DET candidates passed with matric exemption while 43,2 percent of TED pupils gained

this standard, putting them in a more favourable position

to gain entrance to university this year.

Indian pupils registered with the Department of Education and Culture in the House of Delegates gained comparable results to the white pupils. Of the 11359 pupils who

wrote the exams, 85,98 percent passed. Of these, 33,3 percent gained university exemption.

The executive director of Indian education, Mr E Kuppusamy, said the results reflected an overall improvement in the quality of passes.

The TED pupils gained the most distinctions — 10 534

were awarded — and seven pupils gained eight distinctions. In the DET's examinations, 33 candidates achieved

distinctions in two or more subjects while two candidates

gained an A aggregate.

There was a 67,6 percent pass rate in the coloured Department of Education and Culture, House of Representatives, examinations and 15,3 percent won matric exemption.

The DEC said it was "relatively pleased" with the results. There had been an improvement in the pass rate

because disruptive influences which had marred schools

the previous year had not interfered with teaching and

work in schools in 1986.

107
/93i7

CSO: 3400/849

100

MATRIC PASSES AND

EXEMPTIONS

BLACK WHITE INDIAN COLOURED

PASS RATEHHHEXEMPTION

108
SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. SANCTIONS TO COST INSURERS MILLIONS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Linda Ensor]

[Text] Millions of rands' insurance is expected to be paid out to exporters

whose goods have been barred by sanctions from entering the US.

Executive director Chris Leisewitz of Credit Guarantee Insurance Corporation

(CGIC)— SA's national credit insurer—said yesterday CGIC had received

substantial claims in the last six months because SA goods, on transit to the

US when the sanctions were imposed, were affected when Congress passed the

Anti-Apartheid Act.

The goods—which Leisewitz was only prepared to say were "commodities" to

protect the interests of the policy-holders—were impounded by US customs

officials and had to be returned to SA or redirected to other potential

markets.

Leisewitz would not quantify the extent of the losses, saying they would

depend on whether it had been possible to resell the goods.

CGIC is owned by a consortium of leading insurance companies, banks and

financial institutions and provides insurance against export and domestic

credit risks.

Export credit risks are underwritten in co-operation with government, which

will probably have to pick up the tab for a large part of the diverted shipments.

/9317

CSO: 3400/850

109
SOUTH AFRICA

U.S. COMPANY WITHDRAWALS ENDANGER WELFARE PROJECTS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Hamish Mclndoe]

[Text]

• AMERICA'S corporate run from

SA is having a terminal effect on

many social programmes aimed at

improving the lot of the blackcommunity. It is also likely to persuade

more blacks that big business is, at

best, a faint-hearted ally in the

battle for political reform.

The touted remedy that sanctions would pressure Pretoria into

reforms has not worked any more

than the "sweat equity" of Sullivan

Code signatories has hastened the

dismantling of apartheid.

Instead, many divested companies have left a trail of unfinished community and welfare projects but continue to allow their

Eroducts to be sold in SA; an action

lat has infuriated many blacks.

Extra $40m

Washington itself has not

shirked its financial commitment

to help under-privileged black

South Africans — witnessthe extra

$40m allocated for this purpose by

the Anti-Apartheid Act last year.

But the Reagan administration

will clearly not fund the welfare

programmes of departed US companies.

General Motors and IBM will

honour their social projects. But

Coca-Cola —jfhich ploughed $10m

, in 1985 into a five-year education,

housing and business programme

— is apparently still undecided

whether to continue its support.

Says Soweto Chamber of Commerce executive director David

Mailoane: "We're not happy to see

US companies go. But we're even

less happy about the manner in

which most of them have chosen to

leave."

The Sullivan Signatory Association (SSA) fears that more US

companies will fall into "white

hands" and further entrench economic apartheid. Management of

former Sullivan companies, for

one, are no longer bound by the

terms of the code to pay their

workers 30% more than the minimum living level. So far, there is

no evidence that black wages have

, been eroded.

Black business opinion is not

only hostile to the jettisoning of

social programmes, but openly

sceptical that corporate America

has the leverage to bring about the

smallest political reform in SA —

if it ever had.

Mailoane believes blacks have

been misled by hopes of a US corporate "Messiah" bringing about

political change in SA. "The efforts

of SA companies far outweigh the

contribution of foreign companies

anyway," he says.

One prominent black businessman, who asked not to be named,

resignedly asked: "Why should

foreign companies fight on our behalf?15

110
Not surprisingly, the Urban

Foundation does not hold such

jaundiced views. Executive chairman Jan Steyn describes the saddest aspect of US divestment as

the loss of "well-directed programmes aimed not only at social

and economic upliftment but at securing fundamental change.

Pressures

"We found leadership in the US

business community; strong and

sensible allies in our efforts, for

instance, to secure full property

rights for blacks and to lobby for a

positive urbanisation strategy,"

says Steyn.

SSA executive director Lionel

Grewan is sympathetic to the pressures facing US companies. "They

are clearly not political organisations, but they've been drawn into

SA's political battles here and

abroad."

The Wall Street Journal recently noted that US companies

must please too many masters:

shareholders, anti-apartheid lobby

and the black community.

Black opinion on disinvestment

has shifted since GM and IBM announced they were leaving and

triggered a spate of smaller corporate pullouts.

Doyen of South African social

scientists, Professor Lawrence

Schlemmer, believes the current

disinvestment row will polarise

black opinion. The latest surveyed

trends on these issues, he says, are

already eight months out of date.

"Threat of higher unemployment will make some blacks more

intensely opposed to disinvestment. The better educated and

opinion-formers will support disinvestment and sanctions as publicity mounts.

"But there's no doubt that most

blacks want effective external

Cressure on Pretoria to end aparteid," Schlemmer says.

The chances, however, of US

companies heeding the Leon Sullivan's call to quit SA by May 31

unless statutory apartheid is

scrapped are rated as nil.

Sullivan has said he will use

$100bn worth of stocks and investments pledged to his cause to force

out' all remaining US companies

from SA. "Frankly," says Grewan,

"we don't expect a lot of companies will pull out of SA because

Sullivan asks them to. But the call

obviously makes it more difficult

for many to continue operating

here."

Critics say the code's hitherto

"spray and pray" approach to welfare and community projects now

needs to be targeted at long-term

programmes to help bring about

social change. In short, a united

corporate effort.

Resistance

"It's a valid criticism," admits

Grewan. "The code's monitoring

system grades companies individually and there is not mufch recognition for collaborative efforts. We

have been trying to change this."

Sadly, US parent companies will

resist such moves. Shareholder

: meetings, explains Grewan, "tend

| to ask what contribution you have

made and encourage the individualised effort."

Says Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut director Fritz Stockenström:

"It's impossible to see how the US

hopes to achieve any positive

changes in what they are doing

now."

/9317

CSO: 3400/848

111

KX$ vS;:;sxv£.WfflE'iUÄiJ**»ÜÄ5Jau«ÄftBd!Effli iMMWWflnttfta&tt •ÖSE*V5äi&a?.W-- -:
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK BUSINESSMEN PLAN TO BUY OUT DISINVESTING COMPANIES

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 16-22 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Sefako Nyaka]

[Text]

CIVIC leader Dr Nthalo Motlana

and three other Soweto

businessmen have formed a

company aimed at buying out

companies pulling out of South

Africa.

The chairman of the company,

Black Equity Participation (Pty)

Ltd (BEP), is former Urban Bantu

Council member Richard

Maponya. The other partners are

former Inkatha executive member

Gibson Thula and a Soweto

doctor, Jackie Mphafudi.

Maponya has confirmed that

one of its aims is to "negotiate"

with companies planning to pull

out of South Africa, but would not

elaborate.

The company was formed last

August but Motlana, who claims

he Is a "peripheral member", said

he was only drawn in two months

ago. '

Speaking from the African

American Institute conference in

Botswana, Motlana said: "I only

agreed to come In because I

thought this is something that

blacks could exploit.

"BEP Is, I believe, Intended not

only to focus on departing

companies but on getting a piece

of the action for black

businessmen."

He said the majority of

companies BEP had spoken to

are "South African companies

operating within South Africa"

and not companies pulling out.

He said his impression, when

approached, was that the group

would focus on available

business opportunities in South

Africa.

BEP, he said, had not yet taken

over or acquired any company,

as the project is still in the

"brain-storming" stage.

/9317

CSO: 3400/848

112
SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMIST CLAIMS RED TAPE INCREASES BLACK POLITIZATION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY In English 15 Jan 87 p 2

[Text]

IN A BLUNT criticism of Pretoria

for dragging its heels in deregulating the economy, the Small Business Developement Corporation

(SBDC) says there has been a

marked increase in the politicisation of blacks because they "cannot

see any significant gain from active

participation in the SA economy".

SBDC economist Guy Woolford

says he is "surprised the economy is

so buoyant with all the regulations,

licensing and high tax levels" discouraging the formation and growth

of businesses.

He says despite the fact that government is dragging its heels in implementing its much-vaunted deregulation plans, an estimated 10%

more informal businesses sprang up

last year compared with 1985.

There are now more than 650 000

such businesses in the informal sector — defined as "unrecorded, unlicensed, mostly non-taxpaying and

providing non-fixed salaried employment".

Last year there was also a 10%

increase in the employment provided

by the informal business sector and

these businesses contributed an extra

5% to GNP.

The SBDC attributes the increases

to unemployed people trying to eke

out an existence, "but the growth is

small businesses and 'invisible employment' could have been much

greater if government had been

more enthusiastic about deregulation".

The SBDC is calling for a freer

economy with more visible gains

from entrepreneurship.

Says Woolford: "You cannot expect

business to be normal in a society in

which movement, property rights

and entry to markets are restricted.

"The deregulation seen to date has

been marginal. Far more is required." — Sapa.

/9317

CSO: 3400/848

113
SOUTH AFRICA

CIVIL SERVANTS GROUP SEEKS PAY INCREASES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Jan 87 pp 1, 2

[Article by Chris Cairncross]

[Text]

REPRESENTATIVES of the Public

Servants Association (PSA) are to

press for blanket pay increases of up

to 15% at a meeting in two weeks'

time with Alwyn Schlebusch, Minister responsible for the Commission

for Administration in the President's

office.

If agreed to, the increases will be introduced from April, boosting the civil

service wage bill by Rl,5bn to Itll,5bn —

which would account for almost a third

of total State expenditure.

The PSA will also ask for a substantia!

rise in the ceiling on the low-interest sof:

loans to civil servants for property purchases. The present ceiling for this 100%

Rühnldv. estimated to have cost taxpayers ..it least R200m last year, is R50 000.

government sources indicated yesteri. r that the pay demands would almost

rtainly be met — as an obvious "sweet-

•;nc •" to an important section of the elecn, re before the, general election.

Opposition spokesmen said yesterday

ihey had no quarrel with civil servants

getting pay rises.

- But, at the same time, they demanded

that government should indicate clearly

how taxpayers were going to shoulder

Ulis extra burden.

' •> PFP finance spokesman Harry

T Schwarz said government should not announce any pay increases prior to the

election.

He added that the Part Appropriation

Bill (mini-Budget) to be tabled in Parliament this session as a stop gap — with

the main Budget delayed to August —

; jras not the. right place to announce these

increases, particularly as the manner of

; financing them will patently be ignored.

; Schwarz said government coulri not

blame people for seeing any pay rises as

;'a political ploy — and for treating them

as such.

He again called on government not to

delay tabling the main Budget, adding

there was more than enough time to deal

with it before Parliament rose towards

the end of March.

/9317

CSO: 3400/848

114
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW SEARCH FOR OIL OFF EASTERN CAPE

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 10 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Colin Urquhart]

[Text]

The Soekor rigs are at present drilling in deep

water South of Sardinia Bay, out of sight of land.

A spokesman for Soekor, Mr Mike Leibbrandt, confirmed that two rigs, which he declined to name, had

returned to the Eastern Cape and were drilling off the

coast south of Sardinia Bay.

He said the company considered the area "geologically

very promising". Although no major discovery, other than

the gas fields off Mossel Bay, had been found, South

Africa's 20-year search for oil would be an ongoing process.

It was hoped, he said, to expand the country's existing

gas reserves.

If any major discoveries were made in this area, followup holes would have to be drilled and a full-scale gas field

found before its economic viability could be assessed.

The present move to these waters was to try to build on

the Southern Cape coast's gas and oil field reserves —

reserves estimated at present to last about 30 years.

Mr Leibbrandt said that since the signing of the contract

between Mossgas and Energy Management Services Offshore (Emso) for the conceptual design of the off-shore

development last year, it had been decided to continue the

search for further gas or oil deposits up the east coast to

beyond Durban and also along the west coast.

Soekor, which began a land-based search for oil in the

late 1960s in the farmlands around Colchester, 40 kilometres north-east of Port Elizabeth, turned to off-shore

drilling in 1978 when the finds were not considered economically viable.

The giant Sedco K was brought into East Cape waters in

April, 1978, first drilling 53 kilometres south-east of Cape

Recife.

Another rig, the Actina, off Sardinia Bay in 1983 for

about two months, and the Sedco K returned to the area

again in January, 1985, this time off Schoenmakerskop

within sight of land.

A number of wells were sunk and rumours of some gas

finds drew a "no comment" from Soekor.

The Murray and Roberts magazine Robust said recently

the Mossel Bay off-shore project, if finally approved, was

expected to start at the beginning of 1988 with the first gas

being piped ashore in 1991.

The gas and condensate would be piped ashore along

approximately 80 kilometres of pipeline.

The direct labour requirements were estimated to peak

at 2 000 people.

/9317

CSO: 3400/841

115
SOUTH AFRICA

GENCOR GOLD MINES' EARNINGS IMPROVE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Jan 87 p 5

[Article by Peter Stacey and Cherilyn Ireton]

[Text]

GENERAL Mining

Union Corporation

(Gencor) gold mines'

attributable earnings

in the December quarter have improved

1,1%. Despite the stronger rand's erosion of

the enhanced dollar

price of gold, eight of

the 12 group mines reported Better prices received for gold, compared with the three

months to September.

Kinross' results reflected the mine fire

losses, with production

and earnings down noticeably. Bracken, rapidly nearing the end of

its life, suffered a similar fate.

Büffels improved its

earnings, despite continued faulting problems,

while Beatrix was able

to lift grades again.

A good quarter was

reported by both Leslie

— which lifted production against expectations — and Marievale,

which managed to reduce its unit costs.

Stilfontein reports

hedging forward half of

its expected gold production to mid-year at

prices ranging from

R29 872 to 31128/kg.

BUFFELSFONTEIN'S earnings shot up

27% to 242c, against the

previous quarter, thanks

to a much lower tax

claim of R3,8m (R34,2m)

from Beatrix.

Recovery problems

continued, with yields

falling to 7,lg/t — the

lowest level since 1982.

Gold ouput dropped 9%.

By contrast, BEATRIX had a good quarter, lifting its grades to a

record 6,8g/t (6,5g/t).

Costs rose R3 a ton. Tonnage was unchanged at

525 000 tons.

The outlook for Beatrix in the current quarter is not as optimistic.

The mass resignation of

half the mine's workforce will cut production by 150 000 tons.

As expected, earnings

from KINROSS crashed

to 77c a share (177c) because of production

losses from the tragic

mine fire.

Tonnage milled at the

EVANDER mine

plunged by 91500 tons —

not 80 000 as forecast.

This pushed unit costs

up 21% to an unrealistic

R85 a ton. However,

costs are expected to

settle back to a reasonable level in the current

quarter.

At STILFONTEIN a

higher gold price, coupled with a marginal increase in gold produced

to 2 018 kg (2 013 kg) and

lower working costs,

helped the Western

Transvaal mine to boost

pre-tax income to

R9,58m (R7,38m).

Earnings after a tax

reversal in the quarter

and R8m in dividends

received from Chemwes

were 118c (25c). The

year's total was 245c,

compared with 276c in

1985.

Production at ST HELENA was adversely affected by two work stayaways and fires at No 2

Shaft and No 8 Shaft,

causing the loss of seven

shifts. Earnings, however, were up for the quarter to R9,35m (R6,6m)

and for the year tu

R33,76m (1985: 1146,08).

WINKELHAAK'S

earnings in the quarter

were down 25% at 118c

a share (158c) on a reduction of tonnage

milled to 593 00 tons

(606 000 tons), grade

marginally down at

5,9g/t(6,0g/t)anda7,6%

an increase in working

costs.

Gold produced at

UNISEL dropped in the

quarter by 67c-2 241kg

compared with 2 384kg

on a yield of 6,7g/t

(6,9g/t). The gold price

fell R807kg to R29 450

(R30 257). Earnings in

the period were down

24,6% at 49c a share

(65c).

116
WEST RAND CONSOLIDATED MINES'

quarterly results

showed earnings a share

more than doubled to

38c (17c), compared with

the three months to September, but total earnings for the year of 105c

were 40% below last

year's 172c.

GROOTVLEI'S 71%

earnings boost in the

fourth quarter to 79c

(46c) means the years

total at 186c marginally

shaded the 1985 performance (185c).

Lower tonnage milled

in the latest quarter —

432 000 tons compared

with 463 00 tons to September — was offset by

a significantly higher

grade of 3,4g/t (3,0g/t).

BRACKEN — which

until now has been living a charmed life — finally succumbed to old

age, with both grades

and tonnage coming off.

Earnings shrank to 19c a

share (40c), while working costs rose R4 to R62

a ton.

Despite chairman

Carl Netcsher's warnings that no improvement in recovery grade

should be expected,

LESLIE surprised by

lifting its yield marginally to 2,5g/t.

However, higher

working costs of R18,8m

(R18,lm) reduced taxed

profit to R3,3m (R3,7m).

A capex provision of

only R127 000 (Rl,lm)

pushed earnings up to

19c (16c) a share.

Cost-conscious MARIEVALE trimmed its

costs to R69 a ton (R70).

This, together with a

slight improvement in

yield, contributed to the

5c-a-share improvement in earnings.

GENCOR

GOLD

MINES

Tons

milled

oops

Yield

g/t

Gold

iroduced

kg

Costs

R/t

Costs

*/Oz*

Costs

R/kg

Rev $/Oz* Row

R/kg

Net

profit

ROOO«

Profit

after

capex

ROOOs

EPS

after

capex

cents

Büffel«

Sept

'710 7,1 5 070 122 238 17 183 411 29 612 41083 26 717 242

733 7,7 5 615 122 197 15 902 377 30 394 65 739 20 860 190

Beatrix

Sept

529 6,8 3 570 82 168 12 059 410 29 574 39161 31865 —

S2S 6,5 3 413 79 152 12 170 377 30154 39137 37 287 —

Stllfonteln

Sept

424 4,7 2 013 111 298 23 617 368 28 888 18162 15 474 118

426 4.7 2 018 114 300 23 964 355 28 350 4 883 3 306 25

West Rand

Con«

Sept

507 1.9 942 50 347 26 316 374 28 909 2 965 1615 38

510 1.9 950 48 319 25 786 344 27 801 . 1393 708 17

Klnro»

Sept

444 6,0 2 662 85 197 14 167 422 30 281 16 104 14 023 77

535 6,0 3 218 70 141 11675 362 29 755 26 406 21212 117

Bracken

Sept

234 3,0 706 62 281 20 667 417 29 900 3 038 2 760 19

245 3,2 794 58 215 17 955 365 29 622 7 169 5 626 40

Le«ll«

Sept

351 2.5 880 54 293 21600 415 29 826 3 311 3 184 19

358 2,4 863 51 253 21065 366 29 688 3 764 2 590 16

St Helena

Sept

504 4,1 2 079 83 278 20 244 410 29 659 23 702 9 350 97

543 4,1 2 212 76 236 18 750 372 29 499 17 873 6 608 68

Unlsel

Sept

337 6,7 2 241 68 142 10149 410 29 450 17 732 13 819 49

348 6,9 2 384 61 109 8 960 372 30 257 21023 18 244 65

Winkel*

Sept

593 5,9 3 472 68 159 11525 415 29 957 39 030 14 479 118

606 6,0 3 624 62 125 10 306 364 29 629 47 162 19 335 158

Grootvlel

Sept

432 3.4 1483 64 262 18 824 418 29 731 9 968 9 051 7*9

463 3,0 1403 59 242 19 564 370 29 873 6 556 5 200 46

Marlevale

Sept

89 2.9 261 69 328 23 793 418 29 943 . 1 127 741 16

11 86 2.8 241 70 301 25 025 355 29 009 873 514

•Standard Bank average $/R exchange rate $0,4463 — December quarter

/9317

CSO: 3400/841

117
SOUTH AFRICA

PALAMIN COPPER PRODUCTION DOWN

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Jan 87 p 9

[Article by Peter Stacey]

[Text]

COPPER production by Palabora

Mining (Palamin) dropped 4% in the

December quarter to 30 954 tons,

compared with the September quarter, but was still above the two-year

quarterly average for the Rio Tinto

Zinc base-metal producer.

Total copper production for the year

at the Northern Transvaal opencast

mine, South Africa's largest producer,

was 117 411 tons, down 1,4% from

1985's 119119 tons.

Mill throughput in the December

quarter was 7,42-million tons, bringing

the year's total to 29,4-million tons

(27,1-million tons). Increased tonnage

milled (at lower grades) over the year

is attributed to 90 days of mill downtime in 1985. Grade during the year was

down about 5% on 1985 results at 0,48%

(0,51%).

Increased demand for vermiculite

and magnetite boosted sales of these

minerals by 6% and 4% respectively

during the year. Vermiculite sales for

the year were 187129 tons (175 275

tons). Magnetite sales improved to

110 726 tons (106 432 tons). Together

with zirconia and other products, these

minerals as a rule contribute about

13% to overall revenue.

Precious-metal content of anode

slimes production in the fourth quarter

improved to 2 442kg, compared with

the previous quarter, but overall production was down 5,6% to 15 137kg

(16 045kg) in the year. This accounted

for R22,3m, or 5%, of total revenue of

R450m for Palabora in 1985.

No uranium concentrates were sold

in the quarter, but total sales for 1986

were 325 651kg, against no sales for the

previous year.

3500

COPPER PRICE

London

3000

Rands per ton. At average

quarterly exchange rates.

2500

2000

Mwi

5

MJSDM JS DMJSDMJ S D

Quarters 1983 1984 1985 1986

/9317

CSO: 3400/841

END

118