for community involvement at local gov-
ernment level. On the other hand, objec-
tions have been raised that the permanency
of freehold would imply political rights.
‘That argument can be countered by the
fact that 99-year leasehold is in practice as
permanentas freehold.

Murray: What about the Cabinet Com-
mittee which has been looking at political
rights for urban blacks? How far down
the road are you with your work?

Viljoen: I think the most important result
of the Cabinet Committee’s work and its
consultations with black leaders has been
the digest of guidelines and principles for
reform formulated in the State President's
address at the opening of Parliament. I
think the emphasis will now move away
from the Cabinet Committee to the nego-
tiating forum which the State President has
announced.

In order to broaden the participation of
people and to embrace more points of view
itis necessary to have a forum where all are
participating on an equal level.

Murray: Ifthe government is prepared
to negotiate almost on a fourth chamber
level, why does it stop short of taking a
concrete step and recognising publicly
the reality of what it is doing? The forum
is a very significant body but it has no
formal constitutional status. Your critics
would ask why not.

Viljoen: If you decide beforehand that the
forum is to have a formal constitutional
status you are jumping the gun. You are
again taking a one-sided decision that this
is to be the case. I think one political lesson
which has been taken to heart in recent
years is chat whatever change is being
introduced or whatever reform steps are
being taken, they are not likely to be.
accepted unless they are perceived by the
people concemed to have been the result
of negotiation, Therefore, what the status
of the forum should be, and what it should
where the distance between the present
site of such a township and the proposed
site in the national state was not large.
Thave decided that the whole question
of the resettlement of people is to be
revised thoroughly by the government. I
am in the process of submitting an over-
view of the existing policy relating to cases

54

where townships have been transferred, to
those cases where exceptions have been
made and where permanency has been
established. As far as the remaining cases
are concerned I feel that we should recon-
sider whether the original policy should be
applied rather than continuing with ad hoc
decisions. .

Murray: The question of removing
people from one point to another isavery
difficult one. There are some who ac-
knowledge the most appalling circum-
stances in their homes but they would
rather stay than be compelled to move.
Apart from the other considerations, how
are you going to get over the shocking
publicity that will arise from such policy
applications?

Viljoen: I think the government realises
that whereas 10 or 15 years ago the re-
settlement of communities was a reason-
ably acceptable procedure — even where
large parts of the community might not
have been willing to co-operate — the cli-
mate within as well as outside the country
is such that one can now implement re-
settlement only after very careful consider-
ation.

First of all, is it really necessary? How
many people are involved? Are the condi-
tions under which people are presently
living, teally to be improved by the new
settlement area? The State President has
made it quite clear that resettlement of
communities should be accompanied by a
substantial improvement in their quality of
living.

At the same time itis also true that
where communities have, through their
representatives, expressed agreement on
resettlement, opposition groups within
those set-ups have opposed this move-
mentof people.

Murray: What about the advisability

of 99-year leases as opposed to freehold?
Speedy action on freehold would increase
the credibility of the government enor-
mously.

Viljoen: In all resettlements the principle
followed is that people should have the
same title to land in the new settlement
area which they had previously. But

‘one could go step further and say that
the availability of freehold where it had


SPRS~SSA~857>054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

CHANCE TO EXPORT FRESH FRUIT, FLOWERS

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 16 May 85 p 7

[Text] -paraRE — The Govern-

cso:

ment has developed contacts
with leading European. im-
porters of fresh vegetables,
fruit and flowers through the
_ international trade centre in
Geneva, the Minister of Trade
and Commerce, Cde Richard
Hove, said here yesterday.

Opening the first Commer-’

cial Farmers’ Union horticul-
tural seminar, Cde Hove

said this made it possible

for Zimbabwe to receive re-
gular briefing on market
prices which would. benefit
local farmers.

“Government has also de-
cided this year to participate
in a large international food
fair in Cologne, West Ger-
many, which has ‘a strong
emphasis on fruit and vege-
table products,” he said.

This would help open more
markets for the country’s:
goods. boost foreign exchange
earnings and  cncourage
farmers to increase produc:
tion.

CFU president, Mr John
Laurie, emphasised the need

for quality among the pro-”
ducts earmarked for export
because this would enhance.
the country’s reputation and :

‘open new markets for Zim-
‘habwe’s goods.

i. “In addition, Zimbabwe's”

‘foreign exchange earnings

3400/363

and employment opportuni-
ties will benefit materially,
which is among ‘our “6bjec-
tives,” said Mr. Laurie, —
Ziana.

118



JpRs~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GOVERNMENT TAKES STEPS TO REDUCE OIL CONSUMPTION, FIGURES GIVEN

Nairobi E A REPORT ON TRADE & INDUSTRY in English May 85 p 12

[Text]

 @} IMPORTS are a very heavy drain
on Kenya’s foreign exchange resources
and a big burden on the economy, though
Kenya is not the only developing nation to
find itself in a quandry on this account.
Even so, Kenya is decidedly one of the few
African countries which are trying to
overcome the problem in a manner
consistent with existing, possible and
potential resources available within her own
boundaries.

In this regatd, ‘the Government is
determined to make Kenya self-sufficient in
oil. At the moment, the country has none
and all of the nation’s needs of petroleum
have to be met through imports, either by
purchases from the oil-producing Arab
countries or on the Spot market.

The Development Plan 1984-88 says: “To
cope with the worsening balance of pay-
ments situation and to maintain regular
supplies of petroleum products, the Govern-
ment is considering the following measures:

“@ To continue to recover the full cost of oil
imports through consumer pricing;

“e To continue to use the price mechanism
to discourage wasteful consumption and
thereby stimulate conservation. Gasoline
will continue to bear heavier taxes than
other petroleum products since it is mostly
used for private transportation. In order to
encourage industries to shift from oiltocoal,
a progressive tax on fuel oil will be
considered. In addition, the import duty on
coal will be reviewed.

“e@ To manage, at established prices, sup lies
of essential petroleum products, particul larly
diesel, dual-purpose kerosene and cooking
gas and ensure that shortfalls are met throgh
direct imports.

“e To enhance the recovery of white
petroleum products from the refinery.

“e@ To ensure the reliability of supply, the
country will diversify its sources of crude oil
through the National Oil Corporation of
Kenya.

“@ To ensure adequate storage capacity at
Mombasa.”

Oil exploration has, for a long time, been
an important part of the Kenya
Government’s development strategy; it is
now being given even greater importance by
President Daniel arap Moias is evident from
the production-sharing contract signed by
the Government in. March with a
consortium, of oil companies for startin,
explorations in an area covering 13.358
square kilometres in North-Eastern Kenya.

The agreement was signed by the Minister
for Energy and Regional Development, Mr.
Nicholas Biwott, and representatives of the
consortium, Mrs, Cathy Demeestere,
manager of Fina Exploration Kenya SA;
and Mr, Georges Trump, Managing
Director of Amco Kenya Petroleum Co.

The two firms will conduct seismic studies
at a cost of £45 million in the first three
years. Work islikely to start this month. Mr.
Biwott is reported as having said that at least

four wells will initially be drilled at a total
cost of £28 million. The area to be covered
lies north of Malindi and includes the north-
eastern part of the country.

“tt is a difficult area to be covered by this
venture since it is dry and hot,” Mr. Biwott
said. ©

Mr. Trump expressed the hope that the
final results would be positive in what he
termed a “new technological undertaking”.

Insofar as one can ascertain, a large
number of Kenyans are similarly hopeful
about the outcome, of the exploration.
Success of the exercise will automatically
transfer, Kenya from a HOPEC (Hopeful
Petroleum Exporting Country) to OPE

20

KENYA


JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

MORE POWER TO CHIEFS--The Government is considering the introduction of legisla-
tion which will give additional powers to chiefs. Addressing more than 200
chiefs in Harare recently. Mugabe said the Government is considering making
chiefs presiding officers in primary courts; this follows complaints that the
chiefs had been stripped of their traditional powers. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN
DEFENCE in English May 85 p 27]

BEEF DEAL WITH ANGOLA--Zimbabwe and Angola have signed a $14,8 million con-
tract covering the supply of beef from Zimbabwe between August 1985 and March
1986. A spokesman for the Cold Storage Commission said the beef agreement
was signed following a recent visit to Angola bya top-level CSC delegation
led by Cde Richard Katsande, a member of the Agricultural Marketing Authority.
During the group's visit to Angola it received inquiries about the import of
other food products from Zimbabwe. These had been referred to the relevant
organisations. The spokesman said that since initial negotiations with Angola
for the sale of beef in 1983, a sound working relationship had been established
between Zimbabwe and Angola. This week the final shipment of the first con-
tract to supply beef to Angola was made. The spokesman said the CSC had so
far exported products worth $20 million to Angola. [Text] [Bulawayo THE
CHRONICLE in English 17 May 85 p 11]

MILITIA PAY--Trainee militiamen get 49c a.day ($15 a month) during training
according to the Defence (Zimbabwe People's Militia) (Non-Commissioned Mem-
bers) (General) Regulations issued in terms of the Constitution under the
Defence Act and not "dummy training'' as a typographical error on Monday
oa Reporter. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 23 May

5 p 13

CsO: 3400/368 - END -

144



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses, Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited,

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



[Grove of cninese gover.

ment offictals toured several

[tactories in and around Harare
‘last week, and were impressed
{iby the level of industrial deve,
Ulopment they saw.

t ‘Mr Bob Scott, a local busi-
‘mess consultant who ‘arranged
“arid conducted the tour at the
request of the Chinese embassy
‘mn Harare, told The Gazette
‘this week that the group visited
‘tactories at Cone “Textiles,
‘Metal Box, Serco, Eagle Tan-

3400/367

CHINESE VISITORS TOUR LOCAL FACTORIES

people”, sald Mr Scott. “Some
were from the embassy and

. some were from Peking — eco-
nomists, engineers and so on’, *

" “factories we visited were very

accommodating, It was # most
interesting tour because they
saw things they didn’t think we
had, such as the big extrusion
plant at Metal Box. They asked
alot of questions”.

Mr Scott sald that while the
group expressed an interest in

114

IJPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 May 85 p 2

increasing bilateral _ trade
between the two countries it
was basically a “look-
“They just wanted to look
around, to see what we make
and how we make it — and to
pick our brains”.

A spokesman at the ‘Chinese
embassy sald that the visitors,
consisting of people “in the
field of light industry”, were in~
transit through Zimbabwe.

“They are very interested In
light industry in Zimbabwe”,
he sald, “‘and s0 they wanted to
visit factories in that field’”’.



more likely to disadvantage blacks in the one particu-
lar area where their bargaining power is potentially
decisive.

POTENTIAL SOURCES OF CHANGE

As a preliminary it is necessary to review poten-
tial sources of change in general. There are those
who assert that only violence can bring about black
liberation. This is the orthodox view of many black.
radicals in South Africa, and it commands much sup-
port at the United Nations and in radical circles gen-
erally. Putting aside for the moment any moral ques-
tions about violence and the likely human costs ofa
violent, revolutionary uprising, is it likely that revol-
ution could succeed in overthrowing the South
African State?

On the basis of everything we know about revol-
ution as a phenomenon in modern history the answer
must be no. There is no recorded case of a modern
state, with an efficient and loyal police and military
at its disposal, that has been toppled by revolutionary
force. Each case is unique, it may be contended, and
South Africa, with its massive, alienated and im-
patient black population, might upset this prop-
osition. I strongly doubt it. South Africa has made
considerable strides in the sophistication of its coun-
ter-revolutionary techniques, and by means of the
Nkomati Accord of 1984 and comparable agree-
ments, formal and informal, with other neighbouring
states, it has also succeeded in making the chances
for successful guerrilla war more difficult. Modern
guerrilla warfare usually requires the existence of

_ sanctuaries in adjacent states if it is to have much
chance of success. South Africa’s position as the over-
whelmingly dominant regional power has to a con-
siderable extent eliminated this possibility, and its
neighbours are only too well aware of the damaging
consequences that might ensue from the use of their
territories as launch-pads.

The apparently endemic violence that has
marked South Africa since mid-1976 should not be
confused with revolutionary violence. For all the hor-
rifying loss of life and the destruction of property,
most of this violence has been a relatively inchoate
expression of anger and frustration rather than a
planned, systematic attempt to overthrow the State.
] fear that this pattern of random, unco-ordinated
and spontaneous violence is likely to continue, but it
hardly strains in any serious way the State’s coercive
capacity. Although it forces attention on the problem
of urban black communities, its major impact is
likely to be one of self-destruction.

The question of sanctions has an indirect though

63

real pertinence here. Imagine a hypothetical situ-
ation in which all of the real grievances of urban
blacks (rentals, education, lack of effective local
authorities, etc) were held constant but unemploy-
ment was very small. Would you have had the viol-
ence? One cannot be certain but I am inclined
strongly to doubt it.

SANCTIONS NOT THE ANSWER

Now, if sanctions increase unemployment, as
they are bound to do, there is consequently every
chance of increasing violence in the already tense
urban areas. Port Elizabeth is an unfortunate pro-
spective case in point. Already it has a black unem-
ployment rate of over 30 per cent, and with the con-
traction of its motor car industry, several thousand
more unemployed people will swell the pool. Its
black townships have been the scene of sporadic
violence for neatly a decade, and this new develop-
ment can only aggravate matters. Endemic violence
reduced Port Elizabeth’s locational attractiveness to
entrepreneurs, so that its prospects of breaking out of
the vicious circle are proportionately reduced.

Although the Ford Motor Company's merger
with Amear and the decision to close two of its Port
Elizabeth plants is said not to be a response to the
threat of disinvestment, the results are in several re-
spects analogous to what might be expected if
American firms were required to pull out of South
Africa.

If applied, sanctions may well make it virtually
impossible to cope with the massive problems of
population growth and the provision of jobs for the
burgeoning population. With its population likely to
double in 29 years and with a need to create at least
250 000 jobs per annum (others project an even
higher figure) just to provide employment for new
entrants onto the labour market, South Africa needs
a growth rate of seven to eight per cent. In recent
years, however, the economy’s performance has
been poor: annual growth rates have been nowhere
near even the targeted 5,5 per cent, investment has
been declining, and unemployment has taken on
alarming proportions. Far from creating 250 000 jobs
annually, the number of black-occupied jobs may
well have shrunk. Fears of disinvestment, among
other factors, have made their contribution to this
dismal picture. .

‘An alternative view of change points to the lever-
age that blacks might acquire in an expanding econ-
omy. In making this argument the assumption is that
the strategy of armed struggle or liberation through
violence will not succeed. If this is so, blacks have to



DIALOGUE AND FREEHOLD RIGHTS

Without an improvement in the security situ-
ation, the potential fruits of the Nkomati Accord in
the economic field cannot develop and be reaped.
‘The continuation of the Accord itself is threatened as
a result, and if it were to collapse, a retum to the for-
mer confrontational ‘relationship with Mozambique
would be a serious setback for South Africa’s regional
policy.

Secondly, the promise of the Lusaka Agreement
with Angola has not been fulfilled. The withdrawal
of South African forces has taken very much longer
than envisaged, and the momentum has been lost.
But even when that step has been completed,
further complex and intractable problems still remain
to be resolved in the American-sponsored nego-
tiations, before there can be any prospect of a settle-
ment within Angola and independence for Namibia.

The other superpower also has a greater interest
in these developments than in any other Southern
African issue. The commitment of the Soviet Union
to Angola and the defence of the MPLA Govern-
ment has been much greater than its commitment to
the government of Mozambique. It may have been
prepared, because it had little choice, to accept a loss
of influence in the latter case, with a corresponding
increase, at least for the time being, in American and
even South African influence. But Angola is the only
country in Southern Africa where the Soviet Union
} has a sizeable military commitment, in regional
! terms, and it is not clear how it will move in future to
protect its interests there.

Therefore, in spite of the expectations aroused
by the agreements of early 1984 and the reduction of
tension which has so far ensued, the outlook for
Southem Africa still contains many imponderables.
However, the public image of South Africa inter-
nationally, and even the attitudes of other govern-
ments. will inevitably be determined more by what
happens énside the country than by any changes in
regional relationships.

If there is to be an improvement in South Africa’s
international position and a reduction in the current
extemal pressures, much will thus depend on the
progress of reform and the degree to which this
meets the aspirations of blacks in both the political
and the economic spheres. Indications at the begin-
ning of the current session of the new Parliament,
particularly in the opening speech of the State Presi-
dent, are that the government is well aware of critical
areas in which black aspirations cannot be ignored.
There has, for instance, been the Promise of an
informal national “forum”, where some form of dia-
logue on the political future can take place between

74

leaders from all sections of society. There has also
been the promise, at last, of granting freehold rights
to blacks in urban areas, as well as undertakings to
review the contentious matters of influx control,
forced removals, resettlement, mixed marriages and
the racial clause of the Immorality Act.

In addition, the Group Areas Act is to be
amended, at least as far as business districts are con-
cemed. Some of these promises’ are still vague and
need. to be transformed into policy and legislation,
but they are undoubtedly significant, as they deal
with the basic features of the apartheid structure so
painstakingly built up in past years. If these features
are radically altered (and this still remains an “if”),
the whole structure will not last for long.

INTERNAL PRESSURES

To what extent are these indications of a more
tadical approach to reform the result of external
pressures? There is little doubt that, if reform does
lead through an evolutionary process to a transform-
ation of Southern African society, it will be due
mainly to accommodations made to internal pressures
— pressures that the government itself may often not
foresee. Even now, there are signs of the governing
National Party wriggling on the hook of its own con-
stitutional changes, as it tries to meet the demands of
its new partners in Parliament. These demands are
bound to increase and some, at least, will have to be
met if the new system is to work. But as important
will be domestic pressures from outside the new par-
liamentary system, which can no longer be ignored.
So, barring any unforeseen developments leading to
Massive external intervention, South Africa’s political
future will be determined substantially by its own
People.

However, wider pressures from the region and
internationally also have to be accommodated, be-
cause of the realities of South Africa’s position in
Southern Africa and in the world. It is not simply a
question of being dictated to by the United States or
other states, and then deciding whether to accept or
resist such external demands. The intemal and ex-
ternal pressures on the system are not divisible. The
various pressures are inter-related, because South
Africa is not isolated in a vacuum and able to divorce
its own political and economic life from the life of the
rest of the world. For instance, South Africa is highly
dependent on international trade, and the govern-
ment cannot therefore lightly dismiss the impli-
cations of the disinvestment campaign in the United
States or of any other threats of economic measures.



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GHANA

RADIO COMMENTS ON UPHOLDING VALUES OF 4 JUNE REVOLUTION
AB042256 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 4 Jun 85
{Commentary by David Anarglatey]

[Text] An anniversary of June 4 is an occasion for stock-taking to review
how nearer we are to achieve the goals of June 4, 1979. Still these goals
can be summed up in one word--accountability--for if those placed in respon-
sible positions are aware that they have to account to the people for their
actions, they will not only work hard, but they will also refrain from
using their office to amass wealth. This, in turn, will be a good example
for all others to copy. In the absence of a system of dishonest acquisi-
tion of wealth, the way to attain the good life is through hard productive
work which will improve the national economy since the wealth of the nation
is the sum total of the individual efforts. The fact that 3 and 1/2 years
after the onset of the revolution there are no reports of rampant corruption
in high places may be an indication that the principle of accountability is
holding. Anybody who is tempted to underrate the positive nature of this
achievement should turn his mind back to 1 year after the 1966 coup or

1 year after the return to civilian rule in 1969, or 2 years after

13 January 1972 and compare. the corruption that had begun to set in to the
present year of restraint even of frugality in high places.

Admittedly, the current spate of bank fraud is a negative development, but
even here, the fact. that the culprits were quickly dealt with by the tri-
bunals is a credit to the revolutionary system of justice. But the bank
thefts are a symptom of weakness in the revolution's mechanism for identify-
ing crooks and corrupt elements. .It seems that the National Investigations
Committee [NIC] will have to evolve a more active system for this purpose.
It seems that it is no longer adequate to leave the question of identifica-
tion and investigation to the unreliable chance of someone coming forward to
report an unusual lifestyle. It may be necessary to pursue the declaration
of assets on a regular mandatory basis and to embrace both high and low in
society. It seems that with the searchlight of the revolution thrown on
high officials, the junior ones have begun to feel that they could indulge
in corrupt deals with impunity. Otherwise, why is it that most of the
culprits in the recent bank incidents were younger and more junior officers.
These incidents also tell a sad story about the state of revolutionary vigi-
lance of the CDR's [Committees for the Defense of the Revolution] in the

10



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

SMALL-SCALE TOBACCO FARMERS SHOW SUCCESSES
Harare THE HERALD in English 17 May 85 p 11

[Text] Small-scale commercial farmers who pioneered Virginia tobacco growing
this season under the umbrella of the Zimbabwe National Farmers' Union have
successfully set the pace for others.

Last week the union organised a field day in Vuti, Karoi, which was ‘connected
with the unveiling of the first barns constructed with Agricultural Finance
Corporations loans. °

At the festive occasion was the Deputy Prime Minister, Cde Simon Muzenda;
the Minister of Trade and Commerce, Cde Richard Hove; the Deputy Minister of
Agriculture, Cde Swithun Mombeshora, and members of the diplomatic corps.

Guests were shown barns in Vuti east at Farm 53 of Cde George Njovana--one
of the youngest professional farmers in the country--and in Vuti west at
Farm 9 of Cde Tommy Charehwa, a Karoi Rural Council official.

Also visited was Farm 39 of Cde Jeffrey Chiputi in Vuti west where there was
a typical sample of the staggering maize crop to come from the small-scale
sector. :

Cde Chiputi expects 3 000 bags from a section of his 92 ha farm set aside for
maize production. He has five permanent employees and has 18 casuals this
season.

Cde Muzenda unveiled a plaque at Farm 9 commemorating the launching of the
barn construction programme by small-scale commercial farmers. He presented
a similar plaque to Cde Njovana.

Cde Magadzire said the barn construction programme which started this season
has gathered steam and Hurungwe with 14 participants is leading the field.

Three weeks ago some of the tobacco delivered by small-scale farmers to the

Harare auction floor fetched up to $2,66 a kg, which was almost double last
season's national average.

123



TASK FORCE TO MONITOR CROP TRANSPORT FEES

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 May 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

‘A. TASK FORCE to monitor the transportation of
ngricultural produce from communal and commercial
farmers to the marketing depots hag been established.

Tt will come into efféct this season. :

: The chairman of the grain committee of the
‘agricultural Marketing Authority, Mr Mike Butler,
told #& news conference on Wednesday that the task
vorce had been asked to look into the -problems of
overcharging previously experienced in communal
and resettlement areas,

The issue of costa would be ularly crucial
this season becuuse it had been est that about
‘one million tonnes of crops would be defivered to both’
the grain. and cotton market! boards, particularly
from the south of the country, he said. .

Deliveries were expected to start from June 1
and details about transport should be sveiable from
Swift Transport,.which been appointed co-ordina-
tor, by the end of June. . .

‘The chairman of the task force, Mr Paddy Millar,
gaid there would be 42 permanent collection points
chosen by Agritex in conjunction with the GMB and
‘the National Farmers’ Association of Zimbabwe. |

‘The sites were based on crop production estimates.
and priority was given to areas which would produce

it ‘20000 tonnes, The need for rural dev nt
was also borne in mind, The AMA hag

there would be & number of semi-permanent depots
to cater for areas expecting a couple of hundred ton-
nes, They would be operational on 9 day or two.

‘The depots would be maintained by GMB ‘etaff
and farmers would be expected to pay a nominal
handling fee. ‘ ‘ .

3400/367

129

JPRS~SSA-85~-054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



against them: 1 don’t have any animus
against anybody.

Murray: You are seen by some members
of the business community, and I would
say a fair portion of them, as their enemy.
Doesn’t that sadden youP

Tutu Itdoes. They have obviously
allowed themselves to be duped by SABC
TV, and by some of the things the media
say. I don’t want to see the destruction of
this land. I love this land very deeply and

I know that they have a very positive con-
tribution to make. My quarrel with them, if
itis a quarrel, is that they have not played
the kind of role that they could have. One
is asking them to wake up to those re-__
sponsibilities. It is a sad part of the history
of this country that instead of dealing with
problems, we are always wanting to look for
enemies to blame. We have to have our

scapegoats.

Murray: What does the Nobel Peace
Prize mean to you personally? First of
all itis the kind of thing that no man
thinks he is going to get unless he is a
man of tremendous vanity. It must have
come as a great surprise.

Tutu: Not entirely. I have got to say so.
You see there was a lot of speculation.
Nevertheless, you are a welter of
emotions. You are thrilled, you are
humbled, you are elated, you are sad-
dened. Strangely you are saddened be-
cause in part when one thinks of South
Africa one feels things have not moved
much further forward since Chief Albert
Luthuli received his prize. But you also
have the joy of the vindication that it rep-
resented for the SACC — especially after
it had been attacked by the government
through the Eloff Commission. So it was a
great thrill for us to have the verdict of the

cso: 3400/284

world on our work also giving hope to our
people that the world is watching and the
world takes cognisance of what is happen-
ing. The world is saying that our cause is
right and just and that we are instruments
of peace, The focusing of attention on
South Africa was also a good thing. It was
important. ,

Murray: Have you decided what you are
going to do with your prize?

Tutu: Oh yes, I have done it already. Part
of it lam going to enjoy with my family
and other people. But we have put the
remainder into a family trust which we
already had for scholarships.

Murray: Whatis your hope for the
future?

‘Tutu: Asa Christian you are a prisoner of
hope not because you are able to gaze into
acrystal.ball but because of the death and
resurrection of Jestis. Nothing could have
been more hopeless than Jesus hanging on
the Cross on a Good Friday. Easter hap-
pened and Christians forever have to know
that there is no way in which injustice is
going to prevail over justice, or evil prevail
over goodness, or death over life —- despite
all appearances to the contrary.

Itis God’s world and His will for our
country is that we are going to live amicably
together as part of one family. I have no
doubt that this is going to happen. How it
is going to be accomplished is a matter of
debate. Realistically we have to say that
barring a miracle it may have to come about
through means that we don’t want to see.
‘These things may happen because of the
intransigence of the authorities, or because
of the games they play in trying to retain
power. . a

But J am as certain as one can be that
we are going to have a glorious country.

69



move aimed at food'self-sufficiency. Without ade-
quate and proper storage facilities, a lot of wastage
and consequently shortages follow. With adequate.
storage, the- bumper. harvests of good years can
be kept aside for-the lean. years. This is.a lesson
_that Joseph taught the Egyptians thousands of
years ago and it is still as valid today as.it was then.

Properly planned storage facilities can ensure.
‘that food or maize for that matter is kept near to
centres of population or to areas of great produc-
tion. This would minimise costs in transportation
while ensuring that all the extra food available is
safely and adequately stored for future use.

- There: have been recent talks of mountains of
cheese and rivers of milk within the European.
Community countries. These mountains and rivers
were the result of careful planning and adequaie
storage. If we in Kenya are to avoid food shor-
tages, we need action now to build extra storage
facilities'so that we can build up mountains of
maize which would serve us in times of food
shortages.

If the produce board can hire extra storage
facilities. now while making arrangements for
building silos and other such facilities this would
goa long way in meeting our urgent storage needs.
It.is one thing to encourage our farmers to pro-
duce more. It is still another to build the necessary.

storage in which to preserve the extra food that
will be produced.

According to our national food policy, this
country must always have _ strategic reserves of
maize and’ other foods. This is the only way we
‘shall avoid food shortages and: enjoy self-
sufficiency. The.President’s directive for storage
facilities to be built must be implemented quickly.

Cso: 3400/352

27



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

PROPAGANDA CONFERENCE--At an unusually lively media workshop on South African
propaganda, held-at the Commonwealth. Secrétariat’ in London this week, Zimbabwe's
minister for information, Nathan Shamuyarira, and the editor of the OBSERVER,
Donald Trelford, sat on the same platform, carefully not looking at each other.
It was the first time they had publicly met since the April 1984 row when Trel-
ford wrote a long feature in the OBSERVER about the Zimbabwean government's
clampdown in Matabeleland. The most controversial part of the conference was
the background paper produced by the exiled South African journalist, Donald
Woods, on countering South African propaganda. It was attacked by the ANC,
SWAPO and others for failing to give enough credit to the liberation movements.
The paper was a blow by blow rebuttal of South Africa's most common propaganda
points--arguments which have already appeared. in the liberal British press.

(The appendices to Wood's oroginal script included a selection of his own work
published in British and American papers, and a somewhat selective list of
‘organisations to contact' which featured him at the Lincoln Trust in London,
but included the ANC and SWAPO only at their New York addresses. Though the
appendices were omitted from the printed text, his critics were not mollified).
The political importance of the seminar was evident in the ructions it caused
in the Commonwealth Secretariat itself. The information department (which tends
to be very cautious and unwilling to offend interests in Britain) was not al~
lowed to organise the seminar. Instead the political department ‘took charge,
to the annoyance of a part of the secretariat. (The result was less stuffy).
Set up after the last Commonwealth Heads of State meeting two years ago, the re-
sults of the seminar will be reported back to this year's summit in the Bahamas.
An interesting aspect of this week's events is the prominence of the assistant
Commonwealth secretary-general Emeka Anyaoku, from Nigeria, who was the prime
mover behind the workshop. Maj-Gen. Joseph Garba, Nigeria's UN representative
and chairman of the UN Special Committee against Apartheid, went out of his

way to praise Anyaoku and to stress his 20-year-long fight against apartheid
within the UN and outside it, even quoting what Anyaoku had said on the subject
in 1965 at the UN. Briefly a minister in the Shagari government, Anyaoku still
has the confidence of his country's military rulers. The media workshop itself
produced an apparent retreat by the leader of the British Liberal Party, David
Steel, from his support for sanctions against South AFrica, though he still fa-
vours selective sanctions--with a lot of provisos. He also announced that the
South African Progressive Federal Party (PFP) had been admitted to membership
of the international grouping of liberal parties. He was sharply criticised
for his approval of the PFP's admission. “" [Text] [London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in
English 22 May 85 p 3] . ce

SO: 3400/3712

98



ONYUNA ORDERS ARREST FOR POSSESSION OF UNIFORMS, FIREARMS

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 4 May 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

. ’
ANYBODY ih South Nyanza
district found in possession of
firearms, and uniforms re-
sembling “those worn hy
armed ‘forces personnel Will
be arrested and prosecuted.
South Nyanza “district of-
ficer (one), Mr. Elmurds Aée-
we Onyuna, gave the warning
when he addressed a large
crowd at Homa Bay.stadium
to mark this year’s Labour

Day celebrations.

Onyuna, representing the
area DC, said that incidents
of banditry, particularly
along ‘roads’ where people
dressed in uniforms resembl-
ing those worn by Kenyan
security forces, were- on the
increase.

Recently a missionary: was
killed in Migori by people
said ‘to have been dressed in*

such clothes, .

He directed security forces
members in the district not to
wear only part of their uni-
form while in civilian clothes,
particularly ‘the jungle
jackets. He said they should
be fully dressed in uniform
when on duty,

fe, however, assured the
people that ‘the government

3400/352

was.working round the clock
to curb crime. He asked them
to cooperate by reporting
criminals and people holding
firearms illegally. "

On employment, Onyuna
directed, that‘ig line with the
district focus for ‘rural deve-
lopment, all vacancies in gov-
ernment departments must
be reported to, the district
commissioner . —KNA

34

JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA


CSO:

3400/284

Murray: So you think that Group Areas
is there for the foreseeable future,

Viljoen: Group Areas is a certain tech-
nique, and there may be adjustments. But
I think the concept of different residential
areas and the concept of different schools
will remain. But, again, opportunities for
interaction should be expanded and devel-
oped both in respect of social interaction

~- and dlso of interaction in the education

field.

59



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

DEPENDENCE ON FARMING--About 88 percent of the 1,2 million people living in
the Midlands Province depend on farming for their livelihood. Commerce and
industry in the province has been unable to absorb more than 10 percent of the
Provincial population and. this is unlikely to change soon. The province's
Governor, Cde Benson Ndemera, said this when officially opening a two-day
provincial Agritex officers' conference in Gweru on Tuesday. He said statis-
tics showed that the ever-growing population of the Midlands and other provin-
ces would remain dependent on. the agricultural sector. More than.20 Agri-
tex officials drawn from all the eight provinces are attending the course.
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 17 May 85 p 3]

CZECHS READY TO TRADE--Czechoslovakia:is prepared to. increase trade with Zim-
babwe on a cash basis and business between the two countries this year will
reflect this desire. The commercial counsellor at the Czech embassy in Ha-
rare, Cde Milan Krchma, said since a trade agreement was concluded between the
two countries in 1982, trade had mainly been through barter. He said that it
had been decided to do much of the trade on a cash basis as this also suited
Zimbabwe. Total trade turnover in 1984 amounted to US $3,42 million. "In
1985 we anticipate that Zimbabwe will export to Czechoslovakia goods exceeding
US$4 million and Czechoslovakian exports to Zimbabwe will be of the same
value." Zimbabwe imports ball and roller bearings, synthetic rubber, textile
machines, bicycle and motor vehicle spare parts, glassware, measuring equip-
ment, hard tools, drills, paper, hydraulics, hoses, tyres and tubes from
Czechoslovakia, Zimbabwe exports tobacco and denim fabrics: to Czechoslo-
vakia. Cde Krchma said he expected future talks would widen the number of
commodities. [Text] [Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 May 85 p 5]

HOUSING GRANT FROM SAUDI~-Zimbabwe yesterday received a $200 000 grant from
Saudi Arabian Prince al Waleed bin.Talal bin Abdulaziz Alsaud for the
construction of 50 low-cost houses in Bindura and Gwanda. The grant came as
a result of the prince's visit to Zimbabwe in November last year when he prom-
ised massive investments in areas of great need in Zimbabwe's development.
The cheque was presented to the Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and
Development, Dr Bernard Chidzero, by the prince's adviser and coordinator

for African investments, Mr Faisal Fahad. Cde Chidzero said he hoped that
other plans for joint ventures would soon materialise. Mr Fahad said the
prince was considering several areas of investment in Zimbabwe because he had
been impressed by what he had seen. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD im English 22
May 85 p 1] .

143



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

POLICE QUESTION UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR
Nairobi THE KENYA’ TIMES in English 4 May 85 pp 1, 20
[Article by Senda wa Kwayera]

[Text] A Kenyatta University College professor of history, Mr William Ochieng,
was released yesterday after police quizzed him for 48 hours over an article
he published in THE STANDARD.

Professor Ochieng was picked up from his house on the Kenyatta University
campus at 5.30 on Thursday morning.

Talking to the NATION in his campus office shortly after the release he said:
"I was arrested by four plainclothes officers who questioned me till about 4.30
p.m. today."

He added that he was picked up and quizzed specifically on the article in the
SUNDAY STANDARD issue of April 28, headlined: "Does Our Capitalism have a Hu-
man Face?"

According to Prof Ochieng, he wrote the article "purely for academic purposes
and it meant no malice to anyone."

He added: "They were furious over this particular article as they thought
the tone was contrary to Kenya's ideological standpoint; more .so because in
the article I had not made my stand clear whether I support or abhor what I
was writing about."

The professor said he had not been in any way harassed by the police officers.
"They were polite and nice," he said.

Prof Ochieng said, however, that he was hungry. Asked whether he had been
given food, he said: "You know there is no canteen there." But he did not
name the place where he had been held.

He said: "Since I am a writer, they were wondering where my stand is--whether
I am with the rest of Kenyans or not."

He stressed that it would be wrong for anyone to judge him by his abstract

and academic articles. Nobody should conclude that he was not singing the
same song as other Kenyans.

30



bunch of misguided radicals. True enough, there are
radicals among them, but there are also many sober-
minded and relatively moderate people who argue
for some form of sanctions not as a means of destabil-
ising South Africa into a revolutionary situation but
rather as a means of inducing non-violent change.
Apart from any other concerns, politicians are per-
ceiving that disinvestment is an issue that will run
and that they should exploit it for their own political
purposes. Even significant numbers of Republicans
are quite likely to line up in support of the impo-
sition of some form of sanctions. Increasingly the de-
bate is going to become less about whether or not
sanctions are imposed, but over how far-reaching
they ought to be.

How should we respond to the mounting threat?
In my view the major thrust of the response ought to
be to demonstrate that not only are sanctions un-
likely to achieve any of the goals that their pro-
ponents claim, but that they are likely to hinder
reform in South Africa. This has to be a subtle argu-
ment that relies on nice distinctions, because I have
already conceded, as I think one must, that the
threat of disinvestment has been one factor in spur-
ring reform.

On the other hand, those who believe that dam-
aging the South African economy, whether by threat
or by deed (or both), have an obligation to show how
this will induce change. Can they show that sanc-
tions have played a significant part in promoting de-
sired political change in other states against which
they have been applied? Virtually all of the evidence
suggests that the answer must be in the negative. In
the most exhaustive historical and comparative sur-
vey of economic sanctions yet undertaken, the
Canadian political scientist Margaret Doxey con-
cluded that there was “little evidence that economic
sanctions provide reliable means of inducing states to
adhere to intemnationally acceptable codes of con-
duct.” This study, and others as well, showed, how-
ever, that sanctions had inflicted varying degrees of
damage on the economies of the targeted states.

Assuming that sanctions (of whatever scope) are
applied and that damage is done to the South African
economy, which, in principle is what is being sought,
how will this aid the reform process? Is it supposed
that the ruling whites will be jolted out of their com-
placent sense of invulnerability and forced to the
negotiating table, whereupon they will proceed to
dismantle apartheid? Alternatively, will the damage
done to the economy increase black unemployment,
destabilise the society and cause it to be engulfed in
revolutionary violence?

62

Neither of these scenarios is very convincing. If
they are actually believed I have yet to see a per-
suasive account of how the anticipated sequences are
supposed to unfold, let alone an argument as to how
change achieved in this way will produce a benign
political outcome.

While it is true that threats of disinvestment have
produced some results, notably the Sullivan Prin-
ciples and pressures on American subsidiaries to con-
form to them, a more plausible scenario would rest
‘on the argument that a contracting economy is far
mote likely to generate stronger anti-reformist senti-
ments among whites. A depressed economy and the
strengthening of the siege mentality among whites
will directly benefit the parties of the ultra-right,
with even further paralysing effects on the ruling
National Party. Reformist sentiment is far more
likely to grow in times of prosperity.

Disinvestment, and the possibility that it may
become divestment — the termination of all busiriess
by American subsidiaries - will undoubtedly increase
unemployment among blacks, which is already run-
ning at the rate of at least 20 per cent and probably
significantly higher in particular areas. It will also af-
fect white employment, but since white employees
are virtually all skilled their problems of relocation
and being re-employed are unlikely to be serious.

It may be argued that the number of blacks em-
ployed by American firms is small — about 120 000 or
approximately one per cent of the total black work-
force — and that therefore divestment would not have
much. of an impact in numerical terms. This argu-
ment, however, overlooks the symbolic and psycho-
logical impact of sanctions to which I have already
alluded: sanctions would be a major blow to investor
confidence which is likely to have an impact that is
out of all proportion to the scale of the sanctions that
are being imposed. This is true not only for foreign
investors but for local ones as well. The conse-
quences are unpredictable because one does not
know what the sanctions packages will look like, how
the scope of the sanctions may be expanded, and
which other countries will join in. Moreover, no clear
guidelines have even been laid down as to what cri-
teria of change would have to be satisfied before
sanctions were lifted. Who decides, and will it.be
like the sports boycott where the criteria were never
made explicit and in fact changed over time?

In my view the strongest argument against the
sanctions turns on its possible impact on black em-
ployment and, in turn, on potential sources of black
leverage in the system. I will try to show that sanc-
tions, far from being a force for change, in fact are



JPRS~SSA*85~054
27 June 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS
INFLUX OF MOZAMBICANS--Mbabane.--The influx of Mozambicans into the Swazi
capital, Mbabane, has been blamed for the alarming increase in crimes in
the country's largest and most crime ridden township, Msunduza, on the out-
skirts of Mbabane. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Apr 85
p 11)

SUGAR INDUSTRY EXPERIENCES DIFFICULTIES~-Mbabane--Swaziland's sugar industry,
the country's largest employer, may have to change to other crops if the
ongoing world sugar market problems continue much longer. This warning was
contained in an address by the general manager of the Swaziland Sugar Asso-
ciation, Mr Derek Johnson, at a media conference held at the association's
head office in Mbabane. Mr Johnson said Swaziland's sugar-export problems of
record low sugar prices “had been made worse by the world-wide recession, in-
roads made by artificial. sweetners and the additional problem suffered by
Swaziland of exporting sugar via Mozambique. Swaziland exports about 4 mil-
lion tons. of sugar annually which accounts for more than 40 percent of the
country's total exports.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

9 May 85 p 23]

HIGH TREASON CHARGE--Mbabane.--The 60-day detention orders served on the for-
mer Swazi army and police chiefs and the former Swazi Minister of Finance

have been renewed for a third time. This has been confirmed by a member of
Swaziland's Supreme Council of State, Prince Mfanasibile. They are the for-
mer Commissioner of Police, Mr Titus Msibi, the former Deputy Commissioner,

Mr Edgar Hillary, the former Army Commander, Colonel Mangomeni Ndzimandze,
Major Abedaigo Dlamini, and the former Minister of Finance, Dr Sishayi Nxumalo.
The first four were arrested at the beginning of the year on charges of holding
an illegal meeting at Matsapha police college last year, during which they al-
legedly planned to arrest certain members of the Supreme Council of State and
the Prime Minister, Prince Bhekimpi. The charges, under the country's Sub-
versive Activities Act, were dropped in March and a more serious charge of
High Treason is currently being prepared against them. Dr Nxumalo, who was ar-
rested last November, has not yet been charged with any offence.--Sapa. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 May 85 p 9]

MORE MOZAMBICANS ARRESTED--Mbabane .--More Mozambican nationals were rounded up

and arrested by Swaziland's Civil Guard over the weekend in the ‘sprawling,
crime-ridden township of Mzimduza in Mbabane. The chairman of the Mzimduza

99



The Ministry of Trade and Commerce ended its eight-day exhibition at the Tokyo
International Trade Fair on April‘ 30 and the CZI-Jetro single country exhibi-
tion started last Wednesday in the Japanese capital and is expected to end

on July 17.

CSO: 3400/368

|
121



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

BRIEFS

PAPER MILLS TO EXPAND--The Highlands Paper Mills in Eldoret plans to expand
its capacity at a cost of Sh, 50 million. The general manager, Mr. George
Donde, said plans were also in hand to. raise the firm's export earnings to Sh.
5 million per annum. The company also aims to.serve the paper board market in
Kenya and effect a saving of some Sh. 18 million in foreign exchange. Mr.
Donde added that the company's products were in the process of penetrating

the Preferential Trade Area (PTA) market. ‘The company has been financed by
the Industrial Development. Bank and uses agricultural wastes such as wheat
straw'in the manufacture of its products. [Text] [Nairobi E A REPORT ON TRADE
& INDUSTRY in English May 85 p 7]

€S0: 3400/360

40



It. would seem that only the
strongest-countries can prevent
foreign powers from mixing in
their domestic matters.

South Africa was furious when
the world started condemning
its domestic racial policies, ar-
guing that what happened with-
in its borders was of concern
only to its own people and that
the world had no right to inter-
fere.

The South African Government
has also frequently been at
pains to refrain from criticis-
ing the domestic -policies of
other countries, demanding the
same attitude and respect for
its own sovereignty in return.

It was, therefore, surprising: to
hear Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs-Mr Pik Botha’ admit last
month that there was “natural-
ly” a time when South Africa
had aided the MNR and that it
would do so again in similar
circumstances.

CREDIBILITY

Mr Botha justified South Africa’s

: aid to the rebel group in the
past by saying that Mozambi-
que had become “the chief
canal-of ANC terrorists”.

His forceful admission, alas,
lends a certain credibility to
the reports that the MNR got a
massive supply drop from Pre-
toria around the time of the
signing of the Nkomati Accord
last year.

It also tends to make one’ more
cynical about South Africa’s
role in the abortive coup on the
Seychelles a few years ago.

Pragmatists may argue that this

"is how realpolitik is conducted
in the world. In order to sur-
vive you must destroy your
foes, they would say.

Others would say that it destroys
the remnants of South Africa’s
case that its internal politics
are exclusively its own affairs.
An irony for South Africa is
that having’ boosted the civil
war in Mozambique by med-
dling in that country’s: affairs,
it now finds it is unable to stop
the fighting.

cso: 3400/366

The working relationship being
built with its Marxist’ neigh-
bour is in jeopardy because of
the deteriorating security situ-
ation in Mozambique.

A grim prospect for the region
is massive Cubah or Soviet in-
tervention. °

Such a development could esca-
late the cycle of violence to the
point that the entire region is
plunged into a conflagration
that, as in Lebanon and North-
ern Ireland, may continue for a
very long time. .

82



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

BENIN

SCHOOL ACTIVITIES RESUME NORMALLY IN PROVINCES
AB031430 Parakou Domestic Service in French 1300 GMT 3 Jun 85 (tentative)

[Excerpts] Today, Monday, 3 June 1985, schools and the university have been
reopened after remaining closed for about 1 month. The closure was ordered
on 6 May 1985 by the head of state in the wake of the acts of vandalism. and
banditry carried out in Cotonou and Porto Novo by a handful of subversive
school children: and students manipulated by the enemies of our revolution.

Students and school children, who did not want to give the impression that
they have given up classes, went back to school this morning. We could see
this during our tour of some of our provinces. We visited the Oueme Province
from where Comrade Ando Dossa, principal of the (Gavie) secondary school,

4s on the line explaining that classes resumed normally this morning with
the flag-raising ceremony.

[Dossa] As a matter of fact, the flag-raising ceremony took place today

and was performed without a hitch. After this T asked the students to
return to their respective classrooms, which they did. The teachers were
all present at the ceremony. Classes resumed immediately after flag-
raising and there is no problem. Each teacher has started classes. Mean-
while, security agents have arrived and are at crossroads to enhance security
for teachers and students.

[Announcer] Comrade Principal, are the students and parents happy on the
occasion of the resumption of classes?

[Dossa] We have received a delegation of parents who have come to realize
that their children have actually resumed classes. Apparently, the students
are happy to go back to school. Their parents are happy, too. The teachers
were also pleased to resume work because, according to them, they felt bored
at home.

cso: 3400/379



Security Minister Tipis Pledges To End Violence
(Chris Musyoka; DAILY NATION, 15 May > ere

Retired Officers Permitted To Serve as Public Officers
(DAILY NATION, 17 May (3)

Moi Addresses Army. Urging Loyalty
(Charles Kulundu; THE KENYA TIMES, 4 May [:.) ees

Briefs
Paper Mills To Expand

MOZAMBIQUE

Border Deal With ECM To Mine Bauxite
(David Masunda; THE HERALD, 16 May 85)...++esereereeeees

Bandit Activity Frightening South African Sugar Investors
(BUSINESS DAY, 24 May 85)..-sssseseeseeeeeeceeeteseeeees

SENEGAL

Briefs
Bridging Equipment

SEYCHELLES
Briefs
Soviet Gift
Military Raise Crops
SOUTH AFRICA

Role of Foreign Banks Examined
(Roger Gidlow; BUSINESS DAY, 27 May 85)..++s+seereereees

Iscor Interest in Export Market Grows
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 27 May > Seen

New Machavie: World's Biggest Privately Owned Mine
(THE CITIZEN, 28 May 85)...ssceeseecceccceeeeeeenseereee

Sugar Millers Interested in Ethanol Production
(THE CITIZEN, 30 May 85)..ssseeseecceecessesseeeeeereees

Viljoen Discusses Key Areas of Ministry
(Hugh Murray Interview; LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA,
First Quarter) ...sssscescccceeecscscececrcsseceescereres



RETIRED OFFICERS PERMITTED TO SERVE AS PUBLIC OFFICERS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 17 May 85 p 32°

[Text] A retired military officer may be 4 pointment as a retired officer if

cso:

appointed asa public officer and
em in ¢ partment o}
defence service headquarters or in
any other military establishment,
ina in which his military
knowledge in the armed forces
may be required.

‘is information is contained
in today’s edition in the Kenya
Gazette urider the Armed Forces
(Retired Officers) Regulations,

‘The regulations were signed
by the secretary to the defence
council, Mr Joseph Muliro, and
come to operation on July 1, 1983.

These regulations apply to
commissioned officers who have
retired from armed forces

including brigadiers, colonels,
lieutenant colonels and majors.

- ‘The legislation states that an
officer who has retired from the
armed forces shall be eligible for
appointment as a retired officer if
he is at least 44 years old (unless
he was retired on compassionate
-grounds).

The officer shall have held a
regular commission and retired at
the normal retiring age, or com-
Pulsorily retired, but not through
misconduct or inefficienc

age of

He shall not be over tl
55 years at the time of the
appointment, but when a young
officer is unavailable and there
are exceptional circumstances,
the defence council may waive
this requirement.

It further explains that an
officer who retires from the armed
forces while invalid shall be eligi-
ble for appointment if he is cer-
tified fit for service as ‘a retired
officer ,by a duly qualified
medicai practitioner.

Women Service Corps
Officer shall be eligible for

3400/354

she is ‘retired normally, had
regular commission and at
10 years commissioned service.

‘The department of defence per-
sonnel branch shall be responsi-
ble for the promulgation of the
terms of service, the appoint-
ments and the administration of
retired officers.

Applications for employment
as retired officers shall be made
to the defence council.

A serving regular officer should
do it through his service head-

warters to the department of
defence six months before his due
date of retirement.

Officers who have retired from
the armed forces should apply to
the secretary of the defence
council. -

37

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA



person who would have been in my pos-
ition, and who was rejected by the white
community. I have a black community.
There is no question at all of the warmth
of their acceptance.

Murray: What was your guest, Senator

Edward Kennedy, like? What is your
assessment of that
trip?

Tutu: I think it
achieved what we
wanted it to, which
was to help concen-
trate more publicity
‘on the squatting situ-
ation. That it did
and more success-
fully than we ever
hoped. . . [mean he was never off the
front page of any newspaper, the television
or radio.

Murray: Are you not finding your
regimen very tiring?

Tutu: I have thought some times that I
was on the verge of collapse. I have high
blood pressure. But when I had a check up
in Amsterdam at the Medical School Train-
ing Hospital I was quite surprised, the re-
sults were very good. I am certainly helped
by the prayers of many people in keeping
my strength up.

Murray: Although you are a man of the
cloth, and perhaps because of the political
complexion that everything seems to take
on in this country, a lot of people would
be surprised to hear you talk about the
power of prayer.

Tum: Ihave a schedule that makes sure
that I don’t cut down on praying, the
Eucharist and things of that kind. I have to,
asa result, get up fairly early to try to have
some time because I can’t manage without
that. On the political side I have no sense
of contradiction. For me, as I pointed out
to you on another occasion, the relationship
with God, which is a personal relationship,
is one that must also be corporate. You can
never be a solitary Christian.

Tam Christian because I have been in-
corporated into a body and that means that
my relationship with God also has social,
political and economic dimensions. My
love of God must be authenticated and

68

expressed through my love of neighbour.
That is what the scripture says. How can
you say you know God, that you love God
who you have not seen, when you hate
your brother who you have. Our Lord said
that the two great commandments are love
God, love your neighbour, and that the two
must be held together. I am really saying to
people that if you don’t want to be involved
politically, economically and socially, then
don’t worship the Christian God.

He will not allow you to luxuriate in a
kind of spiritual ghetto insulated against
the realities of the harsh world out there.
Our Lord has said when you feed the
hungry, clothe the naked and visit the
sick you are ministering not only to those
people but, in fact, you are ministering to
Him through them. I would find it very dif-
ficult, if not impossible to worship a God
who did not care that people did not have
rent, or were unemployed or were op-
pressed. Mercifully He is not that kind of
God.

Murray: In Johannesburg — your diocese
—some businessmen see you as someone
who does not look after his shareholders.
‘They see you as someone who involves
himself in things that go beyond members
of your diocese and interfere with the
well-being of other corporate structures.

Tutu: Quite simply, again, the God that
we worship is the Lord of all life, not of
sections or aspects of it. All life belongs to
Him. I care about the spiritual and material
well-being of all of the people who are my
responsibility. I am afraid there are no lines
of demarcation. If you are a Christian busi-
nessman I am interested in the morality
that you bring to bear on your business
decisions. That is all Iam trying to talk
about. Those decisions have an impact on
other human beings.

Murray: Asacleric how do you feel
about the business community?

Tutu: They are wonderful people, many
of them, But] believe that they have not
exercised the kind of clout that they in
fact have. This could influence positively
the way things develop in this country.
They showed a bit of this quality when
ASSOCOM, the FCI and the Afrikaanse
Handelsinsticuut made their recent state-
ments. Some of these people are outstand-
ing Christians. I don’t have any animus



Murray: When Mrs Thatcher justified
her meeting with our Prime Minister she,
in the defensive mode she found herself,
said, “Well, we also talk to the Soviet
Union.” To any South African that is an
offensive remark. Yet the common per-
ception, which is very important, is that
we are in that sort of category.

Bevan: I would put it down as a political
exaggeration. I think it makes our point:
how can one not talk toa friendly couritry
when you talk to one which is apparently
unfriendly? But it would be wrong to read
into that any kind of correlation between
the Soviet Union and South Africa. This is
clearly ridiculous.

Murray: Many South Africans, who
may be hypersensitive at this stage, took
the remark at face value.

Bevan: It wasa bit of a political hyperbole.
You are probably right that South Africans
are hypersensitive. There is a very curious
side to this because Sir Michael Edwardes,
who is regarded very widely as being the
saviour of British Leyland and a great man,
is a South African. There has never been a
hint of criticism against him or the fact that
he is a South African.

Murray: South African businessmen
rightly plead for international support
against foreign disinvestment. Wouldn’t
it do some good for South Africa to use
its own capital - and lots of it—to invest
abroad? Wouldn't it help if government
relaxed exchange control and allowed big
companies to invest a percentage of their
annual turnover abroad — particularly the
institutionsP
Bevan: I just don’t know enough about the
economics of the situation. I would have
thought it would be difficult to have a com-
pletely free foreign exchange market given
the large component of gold. I suppose it is
arguable that the UK was only able to abol-
ish exchange control because of North Sea
oil. If we had a situation where North Sea
oil varied from say, five to 50 dollars a bar-
rel, it would make the management of the
economy exceptionally difficult. So I
would have thought those enormous fluc-
tuations in the gold price are a very special
factor.

I suppose, too, there are signs of it hap-
pening. By this I mean that the purchase

of Bibby by Barlows was a step in the right
direction, But what is extremely important
is that the disinvestment lobby does not
gather strength.

Justifying the argument for or against
disinvestment sounds very much like inter-
ference in the affairs of another nation. It
would annoy me if it was said in America
that American investment in England
helped the Americans control the policy
of the UK Government. One would feel
like raising two fingers at them. Thatis,
in asense, the kind of case we are ex-
pected to make and is the sort I think
we have to be careful about. We can
provide fine examples of good employ-
mentand other things which must be help-
ful in the long run. That is perhaps the
tight approach,

Murray: I get the impression that
Barclays as an institution favours risk
investment of the kind that is going to
bolster the small business sector -seen
by many people as the only long-range
answer to our economic ills.

Bevan: I know there isa close liaison
between the bank in South Africa and the
clearing bank in the UK, which is going for
that small business sector. Clearly this is
absolutely critical and there are various
schemes in SA which are designed to pro-
mote just that, including the black areas.
So I think your impression is correct.

Murray: The disinvestment lobby has
been largely limited, in a formal sense, to
activities in the United States. Barclays
has for quite a long time, however, had to
live with an element of demonstration at

its annual meetings together with protests
on a fairly low key, but nonetheless regu-
lar basis. How do you see Britain’s trade
and financial links with South Africa con-
tinuingP

Bevan: They are very important. Our
export trade from the UK to South Africa
is quite a significant element in employ-
ment, certainly with our unemployment
levels. We have been dealing with a
measure of “aggro” and have been tryirig
to be low key aboutit, calmly letting the
brickbats fly over our shoulders. This has
an internal disadvantage. Patiently letting
the brickbats fly can affect the morale of
your own staff in the end. This is why, at
our last annual general meeting, I made

77



234077

JPRS-SSA-85-054
27 June 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

QUALITY INsPeCIRD ¢

—_——
CO
coo
oo
a
co
a
. |
aS
ro

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

“REPRODUCED BY |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
(ES speineriet VAD

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

Approved for public reléase;
Distribution, Us ad.



JPRS~SSA=85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

MUGABE DRAWS UP LIST OF POLITICAL TARGETS

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 8 May 85 pp 3-5

[Text]

Whether or ‘not the general ¢lection ‘takes place in
June (AC Vol-26-No:7), Robert Mugabe appears to:
have drawn up’a list of political targets. He will aim
to: destroy some: and co-opt’ others: ‘These days,
however, the prime minister’s most noticeable char-’
acteristic is that ‘he tends to identify potential friends
increasingly’ as potential:enemies. “9° “*" 0" "

“Tt is’ understandable’ that" he: should’ reckon: the
Ndebele/Kalanga ‘people ~ about a fifth of the total
population - to be hostile to him and his’ Shona-
speaking majority, who make up three-quarters of
Zimbabweans. His Zanu’ party plariners’ make"
extravagant predictions of Voting inroads in' the two
Matabeleland: provinces, North and Sout, but in
their hearts' they ‘know that if the election ‘is ‘truly
representative ‘that they will get thoroughly beaten:
in that’ part: of thé country. ‘They regard the two
predominantly Ndebele: provitices fundamentally as\
enemy territory: © ~~ ° eee on

Municipal and district“elections' in’ these“ areas
last year gave Joshua Nkomio’s now predominantly
Ndebele-orierited "Zapu landslide victory. “He-‘also
won the black areas of Bulawayo overwhelmingly.
The government was'so embarrassed by the results
that it revealed ther only early this year after some
persistent questioning in parlianient. ee

It is in Midlands province, whose’ population ‘is
about a third-Ndebele’ against two-thirds Shona; and
int Mashonaland West, which is even more: heavily
Shona, that Mugabe-is ‘hoping*for large advances.
Maurice Nyagumbo, minister ‘of state for political
affairs in the’ prime: minister’s' office and head of
provincial development co-ordination (i.e. Mugabe’s
chief election strategist), is predicting that Zanu will
win 11 out of:12 seats'in the Midlands (as opposed
to eight out of: 12 in the independence election

of*1980), ‘sevén in the’ Matabeleland provinces (as
opposed to just one in 1980), and all of the rest.

- Even the slavistily pro-government ‘Herald admits
that Nyagumbo’s figures ‘are optimistic. But “the
decision to work’ hardest’ at the* Midlands’ province
is ‘sensible and could reap rewards. Yet’ even here,
the behaviour of the army’s Fifth Brigade and, more
recently, of Zanu’s youth brigades has made:it hard
for Mugabe'to win many converts, except ds a result
for instance, of the’ widespread forcing of people to
buy Zanu: party cards. "And even the ‘success of
getting: people to ‘buy: the cards can: be deceptive:
last year-in Tsholotsho (Matabeleland. North), for
instancé, large’‘numbers of women bought Zanu
-cards-as an insurance’ policy, then voted: en: masse
for Nkomio.: =) 46" ‘ “

The Ndebele factor’. : :
Zanu’s attempt to build up an Ndebele party has
‘centred on three people: Nyagumbo, who iis a Shona
of’ the Manyika group; Callistus Ndlovu, minister of
mines,: who defected from Zapu a year ago when
still’ a central committee member; and Enos Nkala,
Zanu’s treasurer-general and the leading‘ Ndebele in
the party. Last year at the party congress they
engineered a coup against a Shona-speaking group
from: Masvingo, the heartland’ of the Karanga, the
largest of the five main Shona sections. The Karanga
group had’ taken’ over’ Matabeleland North’s Zanu
leddership.- Instead,’ Ndlovu was installed as chair-
man of the province. He then tried to cultivate a
more genuinely Ndébele leadership. In ‘particular he
has tried’ to tackle the problem of dissidents, the
anti-government guerrillas: loyal to Nkomo, politi-
cally. He has’ been claiming that Zapu will not win

103



JPRS~SSA~85~-054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

MOST PRODUCER PRICES INCREASED
Harare THE HERALD in English 23 May 85 pp 1, 13

[Text] Producer prices for most agricultural products were increased yester-
day--by as much as 50 percent in one case. . .

The price of $180 a tonne for Class A naked maize, announced last August, was
confirmed. Lone

Prices for mhunga at $250 a tonne, rapoko ($300) and edible beans ($450)--
all for Class A naked deliveries--were frozen.

The Minister of Agriculture, Senator Denis’ Norman, announced that the price
of Class Al shelled groundnuts had been increased by 50 percent from $500
to $750 a tonne.

Other increases were:

--Class A naked sorghum--by $40 to $180 a tonne.

--Class A naked wheat--from $250 to $285 a tonne.

--Class A seed cotton--57c a kg to 67c.

--Grade A naked sunflower seed--$285 to $320 a tonne.

--Class B naked soyabeans--$287 to $320 a tonne.

On milk. Senator Norman said the seasonal producer price would be adjusted
to give an average increase of 2c per litre in 1985-86. :

"There will be no increased in the price of the beef schedule owing to diffi-
culties being experienced in marketing," he said.

"In recognition of the reduced viability facing cattle farmers the Government
will, however, increase the schedule from March 1 next year."

Senator Norman told newsmen that the Cabinet yesterday morning approved the
increases which were intended to encourage Zimbabwe's self-sufficiency in
food production, a good balance among crops and an increase in potential ex-
port products.

126



KENYA

Briefs
Restraint on Ndebugre Lifted
Japanese Car Transactions Suspended

Moi Holds Talks With SFRY President in Belgrade
(KNA, 3 Jun 85) ..ccccecccccccnecceseseseesveeseeeeceeeee

Boy Cites Political Division in Mombasa in Developmental. Delays
(THE KENYA TIMES, 9 May 85)...cesccceccscccccccecevceses

Tipis Causes Stir on Branch Post Remarks
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 10 May 85)...ccsecsssssccseccceveree

Government Takes Steps To Reduce O11 Consumption, Figures Given
(E-A REPORT ON TRADE & INDUSTRY, May 85)....esceeeeeeees

Okondo Criticized for Importation of Restricted Goods
(DAILY NATION, 9 May 85)..csscccecccecccecccvsceseceeceee

Parliament Debates Halting Export. of Cereals
(DAILY NATION, 17 May 85)...cceccccccscccccecccscecscees

Yugoslavian Contract To Provide Teleprinters, Training
(THE KENYA TIMES, 14 May 85)..ccccsccescceccecsesccoeeee

Power Company To Ration Electricity
(Senda wa Kwayera; DAILY NATION, 16 May 85)....2+seeeees

Government's Food Storage Policy Criticized
(Editorial; THE KENYA TIMES, 4 May 85)..ssscssseseseeees

Cold Storage Facilities Doubled at Airport
(E.A REPORT ON TRADE '& INDUSTRY, May 85)..-seseesssseoes

Muslim Religious Differences Worry Provincial Commissioner
(DAILY NATION, 7 May 85) ..cececcccccceneescecesecccceces

Police Question University Professor
(Senda wa Kwayera; THE KENYA TIMES, 4 May 85)....+s.+ee-

Kisiero Criticizes Marxist University Lecturers
(THE KENYA TIMES, 9 May 85)..ceceecceccecsecscceceesvens

Amended University Bill Sails Through Parliament
(DAILY NATION, 17 May 85) .cccscecccsescccevccssevesseece

Onyuna Orders Arrest for Possession of Uniforms, Firearms
(THE KENYA TIMES, 4 May 85)..cceesscccssccccsccccccccees

-b-

13

13

14

16

17

20

22

23

24

25

26

28

29

30

32

33

34


a single seat ini Matabeleland. But we: believe his
predictions are ‘likely to be as wildly inaccurate as
Nyagumbo’s.

Zanu’s ‘hopes for the Midlands province are pinned
on the governor, Benson’ Ndemera, who was’ so
successful as chairman of Gokwe district council,
where, according to the Herald, he ‘‘managed within
a year to change the council membership’ from 50%
Zapu to’ ‘100%: Zanu‘and organised the people into
an effective campaign that-set Gokwe free from the
dissident ‘menace’’. In the Midlands,“ Ndemera has
brought locally-born‘ dignitaries, such” as Richard
Hove, minister of trade and commerce, and Emmer-

son Munangagwa, head of security in Mugabe’s
‘office, to bang'the Zanu drum-at rallies.

‘Ndemera has produced. ‘@ fash of “converts” to
South brigades deployed through the f province selling
-party cards since last July. Back payments are some-
times demanded from:1980. Recruits are not comple-
‘tely trusted and serve a probationary period before
‘they can be elected to the local leadership. So leaders,
mary of’ ‘them Shona, have. been drafted in from
other areas. Ndeméfa insists that they be fluent’ in
“Chishona, the''Shona language, by. election-time.
Many Ndebeles.in the Midlands area have changed
“their” names. to ‘Shona. version, Hiingwe_ ~ for
ifistance = - turning into Nyoni,,and so on... ~

Any hint of connivance with dissidence i is treated
ferociously. When the Nkayi chairman “of Zanu,
Michael Sibanda, was killed by dissidents early this
year, the local people’s militia.and youth brigades

reacted with a vengeafice, A: Whole ward: of Mpilo .

hospital, the main one in Bulawayo, ¥ was soon full
of their, victims.- Midlands areas like Zhombe, Nkayi,
Silobelay..all of: them.:close. to. Matabeleland, :are
particularly, tense. A typical incident was the killing
in mid-April of a Zapu supporter: shot dead by: two
armed: men the evening after ‘he had told the police
about, their previous visit. His:-wife was. forced:at
gun-pointi.to. cut. off.-his head; hands. and-feet;.a
young relative was made to deliver them:to the police
with,.a- report that .a ‘sell-out?’ (the-term-used to
describe alleged quislings during the Smith.eray had
been killed. The wife later committed suicide.
Though. the incident had the hallmarks ‘of a. killing
by. dissidents, . locals. suspect. elements of the pro-
Zanu. security. forces, Just as villagers. during. the
chimurenga (the independence. war) were often terri-
fied. by not knowing, whether visitors were genuine
‘guerrillas or Iain Smith’s Selous Scouts masquerading
as guerrillas, people. in Matabeleland, and the Mid-
lands have, the same fears. .,

.. From the. point of yiew of a.united. Zimbabwe this
is: particularly. sad. because the traditional. divisions
between the Shona. and, the’ Ndebele have. indeed
often: been, exaggerated in the. western: media. There
has.: been. considerable miscegenation, and general
social. mingli ig between. the groups.in. central Zim,
babwe.. AShona-Ndebele conflict after independence
was not. inevitable. ; Towards the end of the guerrilla
war Zanu’ 'S guerrillas. had. managed to spread politi-
cally into the eastern areas. of | ‘Matabeleland. Conver-
sely,, Zapu, was far from wholly.Ndebele,. particularly
at the top level, where Nkomo’s national executive
was in fact mainly Shona, Some of the blame for the
current. polarisation must fall on.Zanu’s. leadership,
which, since the chimurenga, has. become less respon-
sive to the people in the rural areas.

One® “rural. worker recently. said. there. was a
“loud? between. Zanu and the people - all over the
country, Power struggles for control of the provin-
cial party apparatus.in Manicaland and.in Matabele-
land North Suggest, that the party. headquarters..in
Hararé.is trying to impose its decisions from the top
downwards; in the provinces and on the ground there

is some resistance. Mugabe is adopting a suspicious.

attitude to'a number of groups. who might have deen,

expected support him:.

@ The chiefs; ° oo

@ the trade unions; | -:,

@, foreign aid workers and teachers ‘attached to leftwing parties,
* abroad;

,@ the cooperative movement;
© the churches. > :

In April’ Mugabe called in more than 200 vind”
tional chiefs for a meeting in the senate. The chie! 7
power. has. steadily declined: During. the’ Smith:
period, many, were manipulated by government, and”
were targets of the guerrillas. At, independence their
jurisdiction over land and traditional law was handed’

“over to ‘4 imary. Village courts”. Village committees.
pr

were set up to distribute land: But now the chiefs
have begun to come back into their own. They, and:
much of the older rural generation, dislike the Legal

. Age of Majority:Act, which removes parental rights

over people over 18, and forbids parents from
extracting a bride price (roora). for.their daughters.
So Mugabe... decided. to: talk to the -chiefs -for. the
first, time together since independence, -.and. backed;
down. He. promised, to, maintain roora and. make:
chiefs chairmen of the village courts.

«The. .climbdown. was. just. in time. . Bishop. Abel.
Muzorewa, leader of the, : opposition, United African:
National Council, has produced a 10-point. manifesto
which feeds on-rural fears of - among. other ‘ings 4
collectivisation.. . a

104



POWER COMPANY TO RATION ELECTRICITY

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 16 May 85 pp 1, 24

[Article by Senda wa Kwayera]

[Text]

cso:

Electricity will be rationed ‘in all
parts of Kenya for about a week,
“the Kenya Power and Lighting
Company announced yesterday.

The announcement said a fault
on Monday at Gitaru, one of the
country’s larger generating units,
was to. ¢ blamed.

It said: “Owing to a fault.
which occurred at Gitaru on May
13, power-supplies available for
distribution to consumers
throughout the country have been
inadequate”,

The fault “has forced the
company to ration electricity to
various categories of consumers
and requests them to bear with’
the situation while the com-
pany’s engineers work round

the clock to rectify the fault”.

It hoped the situation would
return to normal within seven
days. During then, consumers
should exercise great thrift in
their use, the statement urged.

Speaking to the Nation in his
Electricity House office yestérday
evening, Mr S. K. Gichuru, the
managing director, said: “We are
not going to disconnect power for
domestic consumers unless it is
absolutely inevitable.”

Consumers were also urged to
co-operate with KPL officials so
everybody can have a fair share of
the commodity during the crisis
period.

Several blackouts have heen
reported in many parts of the
country recently.

According to Mr Gichuru, the

fault was detected on Monday
night when the generator
switched itself off automatically
to reduce power supply from
parts of the city.

3400/354

Mr Gichuru added: “This
always happens when such a
malfunction occurs to.ensure that
not all parts of the city are affec-

He said: a faulty generator at
Seven Forks power’ station, on
the Tana River, was solely to
blame.

Ouring the Monday blackout
such city areas as Ngei, Otiende,
Akiba, Bastlands and the
Langata Barracks, and its
environs were hit for long spells.

On Saturday the Voice. of

Kenya radio suddenly went off
the air in the middle of a live
international football match
transmission, from Nyayo
Stadium between Kenya’s AFC,
Leopards and Zambia's Mufulira:
Wanderers.

But according to Mr. Gichuru,
this was not a problem
originating from Seven Forks

power station, but.a local one.

This would take place, at any
rate, over where a major
industrial consumer does not co-
operate with the economy appeal,
he said.

He added: ‘‘We are
approaching mainly the 1arge
industrial consumers to- discuss
with them the amount and time
of reduction as it is easier to
discuss with one administrator of

25

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

an enterprise than with an
individual.

“The agreement is to efsure
that we inconvenience the large‘
industrialists a little so. we can
spread and share the incon-
venience with the rest of
Kenyans,” he explained

During the interview, Mr
Gichuru was flanked by the com-
pany’s chairman, Mr Isaac
Lugonzo.



' which must
‘Bear the burden of liability.
In the final analysis it
‘the State's use of repressi ive
"mac = ice,
“the Defence Force, te Se-
curity Branch — - which
maintains apartheid.
§ -It must recognise that in

‘its obsession to:emulate so- -

‘sate.
‘ a em-
} phasises form’ rather than

+ content. vy .
t. So it is that we have a
‘constitution and | govern-
ment without democracy,
‘schools without education,
{hospitals without health,
“law without justice, wealth
,Wwithout equity, defence
‘without security and police
(Without protection.

t wwe lurched from
*blind arrogance to blunder
‘to. mismanay It is
‘time to return the country
to the people.

| as a pre:

jlude to any engagement be-
itween the State and extra-
‘parliamentary organisa-
“tions of the people (which
has as its express purpose.
the -establishment’ of de-
mocracy). the following
steps have to be undertaken
by ident Botha and the
-Natioral Party: |
or
lamaging pres-!
jence in black townships; se-
ivere’ restrictions on~ the
ipolitical role of the SAP; an
| whpartial inquiry into
deaths in detention and ap-
"prgpriete ‘punishment: for
jlty; disbanding Koe-
-yoet and the Security
Branch.
: @ Withdrawal of the SA
Defence.Force from black
‘townships and an immedi-’
ete end to police activity by

em.
@ Scrapping harsh: and

bnjust ‘security laws”
éwhich violate fundamental
loms. Release of all

jpolitical, community and
geanion ‘activists .ar-
rested under these laws.
#@ Release of all political
sprisoners. return of- exiles,
funbanning of panned or-
jganisations and individuals,

cso: 3400/365

‘lifting all restriction on
freedom of speech and ‘as-
“sembly. ero 8 2?

| @ Repeal of all laws per-
taining to the migratory la-
our system and forced re-
wmovals, including pass

laws.
r @ Recognition of the

“fights of workers fo organ-_

,,ise freely in trade unions, to
i in collectively ‘and: to
without penalty;

{ ..@ Dissolution of the tri-
cameral system, commun-

ty councils and other bo-;

dies created’ under the

‘Black Local “Authorities |

YAct and the Bantustan sys.
‘tern, and scrapping the 1913
‘and 1936 Land Acts and
Group Areas Acts. :
©. There “has ‘been’ a .sus-
itained campaign to imply
:that the UDF is a violent
‘organisation and a front for
ithe ANC and the SACP.
4. The epidemic of violence
iin this country‘is the result
of the brutality of racial op-
ression. If 17-million
‘blacks have been arrested
for pass laws, if 3,5-million

‘have -been forcibly ‘re-'

‘-mnoved, if men die in deten-
‘tion, if they rule with the

sword is it surprising some .

y.take to violence?
+. We do not glorify, roman-

_ ticise or oversimplify ‘vio- |

[Hence; it is‘a real
lence will always
‘by some to lance the ab-
‘scesses of those societies

lity. ‘Vio-

be used :

;Where few means exist ‘to ;
prevent or treat contagion. '

: If the Government cre-
ates democratic conditions,
syiolence will diminish, if
Spot disappear.

D espite all this, wein the

“UDF, NIC and all our affili-
ates are ‘committed to
peaceful change.

In fact, we bear the man-
tle of all those organisa-
tions which have peacefully
resisted and confronted
“apartheid throughout our

: in. the face of extreme
i provocation, our people have
»ehallenged yor oppres-
;Sion non-violently,.

en eae al trade
‘unions, in the Passive Re-
f tence mpaign against

fo

nner of the Group

ee ae in’1946, in. ithe
L 1m}

ie unjust lav, Beamer
jous -communit;

i les
‘during the late oc anf toe

‘and in the anti-SAIC and

‘ anti-Constitution cam-
(Petia the Congress have
> mobilised people of all per-
‘suasions to tan al-
ternative formula to apart |

heid and a prescription for /
' eace in the ‘Freedom

. We said 30 years ago that
we were not racists, as we
Es le of |
z South Africa both black and
‘white” — and we declared
our ,aims when we said |
‘there shall be peace and -
° friendship”. .

: ~ Now we stand once again —
accused of violence, be-'
} cause, although we have de- “
jpeided for peace, we do not
} condemn the armed a
; gle conducted by the AN
+. This is the illogic which
i:says that a vegetarian who!
‘ile non-v
tarianism is himself. a
*flesh-eater. ae
i, “This is the absurd projec-
ition of the National Party,
j-which sees life only at it
{polarised and extreme.
‘edges, ignoring the middle
t ground. ,
j. ‘They do not appreciat
that in a democracy there

ise that the

ia ct
pehange and took up armed |
struggle when: nearly: ‘all !
avenues of “non-violent ;
‘struggle became’ blocked
‘by white intransigence. .°
‘s.-What'steps have we tak-
‘en for so -far?- It is

st if I let some close ob-

feervers of the NIC,
land its affiliates speak for

us: : ee
boWe shave’, worked “to
unite, mobilise and politi-

masses; to
‘gate the unconditional re-
lease’ of \all “political
ind revolution-

al
‘ary leaders ‘in jails inside

84

the Republic; to popularise
ithe Freedom Charter; :to
tcampaign for the ending of
‘bannings, banishments, de-
‘tentions and all. .: repres-
‘sive legislation, and finally
ithe return of all exiles, all
‘culminating in a National
‘Convention for the creation
ee @ ‘true, nonracial,
‘democratic Bociety, where
all people, including their
revolutionary leaders in ex-
ile and in prison, can have a
feonferetice ‘to:;work ona
*new constitution”. °
Admirable, non-violent,
aceful, all part, of the
lemocratic.’ process, you
‘say? We agree! Yet these
‘are the actual words from
‘the indictment of the NIC,
UDF 16 on charges of trea-

son!

«No bombs, Timpet-mnines,
;Sabotage “or AK47s, but
‘uniting, mobilising, politi-
ecising ...”. This is the per-
iversion of politics.

© The minimum path to en-

‘gagement between’ op]

"ing South Africans lies in a
withdrawal ‘by the State
‘from such absurdities and
iin establishing meaningful
‘conditions for opposition.
‘. Wit fails to do so, it will
be :a tragic recurrence of
intolerance, a narrowing of
the terrain for non-violent
:Tesistance and. an unstop-
ible descent into disorder
id bloodletting.


tively understands what is going on and
how to deal with it. On the whole the bank
has done much better in black Africa for
longer than a lot of us thought was possible.

Murray: Yet many of these countries are
fundamentally bankrupt in the national
sense. What benefit is there for big insti-
tutions like Barclays doing business in
these territories?

Bevan: There is a great difference be-
tween going in somewhere a# initio and
continuing where you are. A lot of things
we do wouldn’t be done if we were starting
from scratch, But the fact is that you have

_ Operations there, you have a responsibility

to the community. Things ebb and flow.
Sometimes you getan ebb tide, which is
later balanced by the flood tide. Not a very
good example I suppose would be Uganda
which was a good thing, a bad thing under
Idi Amin, and now a better thing.

Murray: Does a bank with a250-year
history like Barclays take a long view on
most things?

Bevan: No,-I don’t think we do. More-
over, anyone who takes a short-term view
of anything is a fool. You always have to
take a medium+term view. Few institutions
can afford to take a long-term view because
you must have a return for shareholders.
Also, I am not sure that the accumulated
experience that you get really goes on

for more than one generation. A minor
example: About six months ago Mrs
Thatcher said to me that she presumed

the banks would never again make fools of
themselves over property. I said I thought
they would, in about 20 years’ time. She
asked me why. I replied that anyone who
had been an executive would have gone by
then.

Other people would come in thinking
that they knew the lot and would make
exactly the same mistakes. So I don’t think
that history necessarily provides wisdom.

Murray: How does your international
management arm regard South Africa
in the sense of its right to run its own
affairsP

Bevan: I see it perfectly simply. Ifany
institution has the word Barclays with its
name we have a large measure of responsi-
bility. If Barclays Bank in Australia gets
into trouble say (not that it will), we would

79

have to stand by it. So in a sense our credi-
bility is on the line in South Africa, But we
must let Barclays National do its own thing.
Our job is limited to seeing it does that
prudently and sensibly and keeps the
Barclays name in good esteem.

We have to keep communications
between the group as good as possible,
firstly so that the general Barclays spirit —
if you can call it that —stays the same and
secondly to stop people from reinventing
the wheel. Clearly you can learn a great
deal when institutions with similar prob-
lems do the same things. We are currently
launching a customer service campaign in
the clearing bank in the UK. Itso happens
that the SA bank is slightly more advanced
in that. But any attempt to run Barclays
National from abroad would be wrong.

I think it is absolutely right and proper
that Barclays National is run by South
Africans for South Africans.

Murray: The bank clearly has lost a lot
of the “foreign bank” feeling. There was a
time when the government was very con-
cerned as regards foreign control. It was a
sensitive issue. Is there any thought in the
back of the Barclays corporate mind that
perhaps this is not the kind of operation in
which it should, or need have, a majority
stake?

Bevan: If you don’t have a majority stake,
you have to rule out the name Barclays.

If Barclays National did not have the
name Barclays in it I think the bank would
lose a great deal of its efficiency. The
Barclays group is represented in 84
countries throughout the world and this
gives ita lot of its synergy. As soon as you
remove this it would lose a very great deal.
Having said that, however, the bank must
be as South African as possible. We have to
pursue the identity of the country in which
we operate.

Murray: The one thing that has been.
concerning South African businessmen is
the question of the country’s appalling in-
terest rate structure. As somebody who is
dealing across a wide spectrum of interest
rates, how do you see the situation?

Bevan: Well, I see it very simply because
I am very opposed to high interest rates.
Some people say that high interest rates are
good for banks. Up toa certain point this
must be true but actually what they do is



inadmissible that at this time when we are aspiring for peace and tranquility,
people should import into our country methods and systems that we have never
known in our country before. We see people leaving Nigeria by canoe to come
here. Others leave Chad, Zaire, Congo, and everywhere to come here. Where
do these people pass? Gabonese do not go anywhere; they do not go out.

Members of government, I had asked you to send me the list of foreign
employees in your departments. If need be, the new work permit that the
Ministry of Labor and Employment will establish should be signed by me so
that I am no longer deceived. For, in spite of all that I have said, we
see people here the next day.

Recently, diplomatic relations between Ivory Coast and Gabon nearly
deteriorated because there was a crazy journalist who came to Libreville
clandestinely and was sent back by the airport police. He goes back to
Ivory Coast and tells some tall stories. In retaliation every Gabonese
who goes to Ivory Coast was automatically sent back. Thanks to the under-
standing of President Houphouet-Boigny everything has entered into order.
Do you see how far this clandestine immigration can lead?

I ask the security forces to watch all the small footpaths in the bush by
which these foreigners infiltrate into our country. Party militants should
also be vigilant. I am giving the security forces the mandate to act in all
locales and under every circumstance, 50 that we can see ourselves clear of
this affair. I warn companies in Gabon which employ foreigners. There is
a ceiling for the number of foreigners they should employ, and they should
not exceed it.

cso: 3400/379



ISCOR INTEREST IN EXPORT MARKET GROWS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 May 85 p20

[Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text] ‘1scoR is looking
{more and more to the “
“export market, par-.
} ticularly now that dom-
estic demand for steel ;
vis decreasing further.
*. General manager of Is- -
Seor’s ‘steel division Nols .
‘Olivier, told journalists

Fi
nt
He
|

Sag | port
),69-. { show. a
this. This was because the

i

fi
at

E
:

k
as

i

ah

:

fat
|

CSO: 3400/345 t

i

only half the figure in
1983/84.

Tev-
ably :
year. |
Cor-

38
elie

to about'20 percent.

: Iscor’s decision to
‘boost exports in the light

to recoup quite a big port-

ion of its operating ex-

penses and supply work
+e

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JpRS~SSA~85-054 .
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MIXED WORSHIP DILEMMA OF AFRIKAANS CHURCHES
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English “19 May 85 p 4

[Article by Hans Pienaar]

[Text] CONSERVATIVES in thé hypothetical morality of
Afrikaans churches — oat imple practical

who. still flourish at gongregations in the NG
Bonal a - ‘the ultimate aim of rl.
al level — are f° Open mombershi aes
tent on dragging ‘their j Nar n pene aby
feet over the question fhe NGK General Synod, but
ment in the churches has re- lacks or poloureds, y
"great impetus rebecca
the imminent of 1
ie Muerte v Ambiguous
ithe nent, reform } An investigation would
<tontinue to be a slow have to be done first to deter-
bogged down by resistance. mine a
q Js the view of clengy- “could not be accommodat:
‘men and theologians 7 ed” better in one of the ethnic
‘the latest round of defiant  {Moderal Westerd churches: the coUL
HSE TT coe me a te na, CEC Seal
and-mixed worship. ee y ye be consulte

would be

: R ; agrees, ; *

A expects the 1982 and the posstbillty that ‘the

‘at tney oy would’ refise in ‘rung by. te NG Geverat_‘candidale's membership
: f :

0 Ne ‘Spoult nave ae pcamcerned .



JPRS~SSA~85~054

27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR ON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS, OBSERVATIONS FOR FUTURE
Johannesburg LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA in English First Quarter 1985, pp 71, 72,

73, 74, 77

[Article by Professor John Barratt, director general, South African Institute

of International Affairs]

[Text]

A year ago, in early 1984, South Africa’s foreign re-
lations were in a decidedly upward phase, and the
signs were good for a significant improvement in re-
lationships within Southern Africa and even for some
reduction in the wider international pressures on
South Africa. Now, at the beginning of 1985, the
positive expectations have largely evaporated, with
problems in the region unresolved and international
pressures, particularly from the United States, grow-
ing. Our foreign relations thus seem ‘to be again in a
downward phase, coinciding with the serious nega-
tive trend in the economy.

The fluctuating fortunes of the past year reflect a
continuing roller-coaster pattern in South Africa’s
foreign relations, which can be traced back over the
past three decades. Sometimes the ups and downs
are more gradual, and sometimes they are sharper
and closer together, as in 1984.

Another view might be that the pattem is even
more irrational and less predictable, and that a more
accurate image would be that of a snakes and ladders
board on which South Africa’s fortunes rise and fall
erratically. The experience of the last year lends
strength to the snakes-and-ladders analogy.

The ‘year started with. news of the negotiations
between South Africa and Mozambique, which had
in fact been proceeding almost unnoticed during the
previous year. Discussions were also going on with
Angola, and these soon culminated in the Lusaka
Agreement of February 16, providing for the creation
of a joint South African/Angolan Commission to
monitor a disengagement process in southern

70

Angola, including the withdrawal of South African
forces and a cessation of hostilities in that area.

In this process it was envisaged that the Angolan
armed forces would take over the responsibility of
ensuring that this area of southern Angola was not
used by SWAPO for launching incursions into
Namibia, which had been the reason for the South
African military presence on Angolan territory. This
agreement was scen, in the words of the official
statement issued in Lusaka by the representatives of
Angola, South Africa and the United States, as con-
stituting “an important and constructive step towards
the peaceful resolution of the problems of the region,
including the question of the implementation of UN
Security Council Resolution 435 (on Namibian Inde-
pendence)”.

It was hoped at the time that the various stages of
the South African withdrawal, plus the establishment
of Angolan Government control over the area, would
be completed within a few months. It was believed
that this joint process would create the required basis
of confidence and trust between South Africa and
Angola, which would permit further steps to be
taken towards a settlement of the Namibian issue
and the withdrawal of Cuban forces from Angola. It
was a very hopeful development in which the
American negotiators, led by Dr Chester Crocker,
played a prominent part. But it omitted an important
player in the Angolan game, namely Dr Jonas
Savimbi whose guerrilla movement, UNITA, ‘has
continued to haunt the bargaining process between
South Africa, Angola and the United States.


"If they have been monitoring the things I have been'writing, they should be
able to know my stand in this country," he said. "It is not true that T have
a different stand from that of the rest of Kenyans.”

On arrival at his office, Prof Ochieng was received by four secretaries in
the history department who shouted: "Karibu, karibu", (welcome, welcome).

cso: 3400/353

31



BANDIT ACTIVITY FRIGHTENING SOUTH AFRICAN SUGAR INVESTORS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 24 May 85 p 3

[Text] TERRORIST activity in Mozam- “Everything to do with Mozambique
bique is frightening off would-be and its sugar industry is just
South African investors in the sensitive at the moment,” sald
country’s ailing sugar industry. . Pete Theron, controller of the re-

A joint study between CG Smith Su- .__ port.

par and consultants EL Bateman He conceded, however, that the su-
to the industry was started to- .. gar industry there “is very much
wards the end of last year. worth investing in”, despit
This followed a Cuban report on the tage damage and the poor state of

industry and was desi to as- the p1 cane-growing land. _

: sess the viability of a Idiny
interest by C G Smith in a signifi-

. cant’ proportion of the Mozam-
bique sugar-producing trade.

Mozambique produced about 380 000
tons of sugar a year before the
industry collapsed, and now pro-
duces only 80 000 tons.

Preliminary discussions were held

, between esentatives of CG'
Smith and Mozambican officials.

“Our standpoint at this stage was for’
us to Have a controlling in

. the company to be set up to oper-
ate the sugar industry,” said Glyn;
Taylor, of GC Smith Sugar.

Attention was focused on two mills
— the state-owned Maragra and

rivately-owned Nkomati,
vely 70km and 100km from Ma-
ito” .

“Our next move.would have been to
take a multi-disciplinary grou =
agricultural, financial an inl-

+ cal — to assess the authenticity of

the reports,” said Taylor.

“But at point civil insurrection
just got too hot and we have had to
put situation on hold.”

Mozambican sugar industry officials
are to visit South Africa soon.

Details of the Bateman report are
not available for scrutiny.-

Cso: 3400/373

43

JPRS~SSA*85+054
27 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE



Increase

Yesterday's graduands marked an increase of 52 students over last year. In
1983 there were 419 graduands. The medical students who graduated yesterday
were 1978's intake whose graduation was delayed by a year.

Professor Kamba explained that this was because in 1983 the country had a
problem whereby medical students left for other countries immediately after
graduation. Graduates were now required to serve in Zimbabwe for one year
before receiving their degrees.

“The 1984 class will not graduate until 1985 after serving their one-year
housemanship as required by the Emergency Powers (Medical Students) Regula-
tions of 1983," he said.

Turning to the development of the university, Professor Kamba said the increase
in student numbers had resulted in the need for expansion in halls of resi-
dence, the library, lecture theatres, offices and staff numbers.

The university had embarked on a staff development programme into which more
than 70 staff development fellows had been appointed. That programme was now
beginning to yield fruit, he said.

"Some five staff development fellows have now returned and have joined the
ranks of the academic staff. But I would be failing in my duty if T did not
emphasise that this is a programme that requires a lot of money if it is to be
effective."

A university worth its salt must pursue the ideals of relevance and excellence
relentlessly, Professor Kamba said.

"This is our task. This is our goal. In every discipline that we offer, the
knowledge that we tramsit, the truth we pursue and the public service we ren-
der will be guided by our diligent commitment to knowledge and our total com-
mitment to integrity."

Congratulating the students, he said their service to the nation would be a
trial not only for themselves but for the UZ as well and "it is my hope and
prayer that these graduates will not let the university down".

He added: “Always remember that a student who graduates today and stops
learning tomorrow is uneducated the day after. You will of course agree that
Zimbabwe cannot afford uneducated graduates."

Yesterday's graduation was also attended by several Government ministers and
members of the diplomatic corps, among them Bulgarian. Ambassador Cde Christo
Kolev, whose son Boyko graduated with a BA honours degree in French.

The university's Faculty of Commerce and Law had the highest number of gradua-
tes, with 100 receiving Bachelor of Accountancy degrees.

cso: 3400/364
112



to relax the restrictions on foreign
relaxed

hate

“burden of foreign exchange deal-
‘ings more efficiently. =

sO: 3400/345

48


JPRS-SSA~85~-054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE .

MINING INDUSTRY RECORDS INCREASE IN VOLUME . wee
Harare THE HERALD in English 23 May 85 p 13 pale

[Text] .Bulawayo. The mining industry recorded an overall increase of 4 per-
cent in volume’ in 1984 over the previous year, the first time this had happened
since independence.

This was said yesterday by Mr Leo Kimble, president of the Chamber of Mines,
when he addressed the organisation's annual meeting at a hotel here.

Substantial increases were recorded in the production volume of gold (15,8
percent), chrome ore (10,6), lithium (17,5) and emeralds (35), Mr Kimble told
the meeting. :

Reviewing the activities of the mining industry in 1984, Mr Kimble said it
was pleasing that electricity and rail tariffs were not increased again in
mid-year; that’ a realistic exchange rate policy in‘relation to the United
States dollar and other hard currencies was pursued; that a gold price sup-
port scheme was introduced when. the price continued to ‘decline; and that dis-
cipline among the workforce and therefore productivity was maintained at a
relatively high level. .

"The révenues of local mining companies have increased to the extent that
they are now abie to make a'start on the repayment of. borrowings that were
necessary to keep them afloat during the recession, and restore worn-out. plant
and equipment."

The value of mining production, said Mr Kimble, was $546 million, an increase
of $76 million over that of 1983, and results so far this year indicated that
the value of mining production for 1985 was likely to be $600 million.

Fortunately, he said, emergency action by the Ministry of Mines had prevented

actual closures caused by lack of foreign exchange. But delays and equip-
ment resulted in production losses which could never be recouped.--Ziana.

CSO: 3400/368

133



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SENEGAL

BRIEFS

BRIDGING EQUIPMENT--ACI will deliver to the armed’ forces bridging equipment
costing 9,959,800FCFA. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English May 85
p 10]

CSO: 3400/345

44



growth of the United Democratic Front (UDF)
which articulated and demonstrated militant black
opposition to the new Constitution and particularly
to the exclusion of blacks from the national political
system. The highly negative international reaction to
these developments was aggravated by the govern-
ment’s eventual response to this unrest, namely the
detention under security legislation of UDF leaders
and, later in the year, the detention of black trade
union leaders who were involved in the organising of
a mass stay-away from work in the Witwatersrand
area in November.

This surge of international attention to South
Africa’s disturbed domestic situation was consider-
ably strengthened by two dramatic events which by
their nature were highly newsworthy and therefore
received wide publicity. The first was the case of the
six UDF leaders who sought asylum in the British
Consulate in Durban in mid-September in order to
avoid detention and publicise their cause. The case
dragged on for several months and strained relations
between South Africa and Britain.

The strain was considerably aggravated by the
South African decision in October to retaliate by
refusing to allow four South Africans to return to
Britain to stand trial in a Coventry court on charges
telating to attempts to break the British arms em-
bargo against South Africa. This decision to retaliate
for the British refusal to eject the “Durban Six” from
the Consulate was taken in spite of a previous under-
taking that the “Coventry Four” would return for
trial, and it was widely criticised in Britain, as well as
in South Africa. Without going into the rights and
wrongs of South African and British actions in the re-
lated cases of the Durban Six and Coventry Four,
one must conclude that the whole matter was badly
handled and allowed to develop into a cause célebre.
This not only left a deep scar on British-South
African relations, but also harmed the South African
Govemment’s international credibility at a critical
time.

The second highly publicised event was the
award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Bishop Desmond
Tutu in November. The South African Govern-
ment, of course, had no control over the conse-
quences of this event, but it led to a sharply
heightened international anti-apartheid campaign,
particularly in the United States where Bishop Tutu
was at the time of the award. International attention
was suddenly focused on him and his strong criticism
of South African discriminatory policies affecting
blacks. This served, in particular, to fuel the disin-
vestment campaign in the United States (although
the Bishop himself has not explicitly supported disin-

vestment at this stage), and it increased the domestic
American pressure on the Reagan Administration's
policy of constructive engagement. ;

Protests against this policy, organised by the
American lobbying group, TransAfrica, began out-
side the South African Embassy in Washington in
mid-November. They have continued on an almost
daily basis ever since, with well over 500 demon-
strators arrested by early February (although no one
has been charged in court).

‘The support for punitive legislation against South
Africa in the Congress also increased dramatically,
and the President himself has had to become more
intimately involved with the issue than ever before.
He has not only made carefully-worded, but critical,
statements on South African domestic policies, but
he has had personal discussions with two South
African black leaders, Bishop Tutu and Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi. All this has been happening in Washing-
ton against the background of a growing campaign in
state and city governments across the United State
for disinvestment measures to be adopted agains
American corporations doing business in Soutl
Africa.

South Africa is thus faced in early 1985 with <
more intense and concerted international campaigr
than ever before, particularly in the United States.
The campaign is focused mairily on the internal pol-
itical system, especially the exclusion of black South
Africans from the national decision-making process,
and less attention is paid to wider developments in
Southern Africa. This provides a stark contrast with

the outlook a year ago, when the government was
gaining international credit from the Nkomati Accord
and from the apparent progress in negotiations on the
inter-linked Namibian and Angolan issues, as well as
from the signs of domestic reform.

There has undoubtedly been a reduction of
tension and conflict between South Africa and. its
neighbours, and this should be recognised. But this
positive product of Nkomati and of other diplomatic
efforts, including the American policy of constructive
engagement in the region, has’ been largely over-
shadowed by recent domestic developments and the
international reaction to them. Moreover, further
demonstrable progress in regional relationships has
been prevented, in the first place, by the continued
deterioration of the intemal security situation in
Mozambique. Determined and persistent diplomatic
efforts by South Africa to bring an end to the viol-
ence through some form of political settlement be-
tween the MNR and the Frelimo Government have
so far been of no avail.

73



Tn

JPRS=SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NIC EXECUTIVE MEMBER EXAMINES POSSIBILITIES OF RECONCILIATION

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 19 May 85 p 28

[Article by H M Coovadia]

peace, what’. ste

should be taken. v
South Africans who
stand bristling with
, hostility on opposite
i of a great. .di-
wae? : ,

[Text] i; THE quest for,

He
z 8
3
a

end
§ wateh with dismay as the
{State ensnares itself -fur-

i j ther in the tangled web of
yracism . which conspires to
,turn innocence into guilt,
jiisrepresent resent opposition as as

whieh’ mane food, shelter
tand clothing attainable —
fray the tolerance of ordi-
inary people and drive;
jdemocrats 1 to the edge of;

| oeePare the fist hesitant
moves ‘to ‘bridge this

{ean be taken, there needs to’
tbe a clear understanding of
tthe causes of the current

PAT the ceitre of all the |
(death and destruction is the
sbaneful “influence of the
idoctrine of. apartheid,
twhich is far too gross and
imueh too. pager to be

fl of of freehold a |

irban blacks, aeceptance of
ion in

moratorium
a eer
ndoning of marriage and
Sex: between’ ‘whit tes and’ |
people of colour...

: The fundamental policy
of-President Botha and his
party has the effect of deep-
ening the divisions rather
than healing the rift. be-
tween the races. ~
‘These changes, which are
‘said to require the exercise
significant political ef-
fort by the National Party,
roduce insignificant -ef-
on the majority of the -
black population.
; This government cannot
:solve their problems.
, Apartheid is ‘not only
monstrous and evil, ut
cwasteful as well. It is the .
; cause of structural contra-

‘ ment.
[:Basie ‘this b become the =
‘focus of a desperate strug-

—- for food, homes-at- |

83

The need to determine
‘their own destinies is
thwarted by a dystem
i which com
fal of political sights with
vthe iihposition of false
‘eaders.
ke Therefore any pt
speace must Prvideatiy
require a serious attempt
iby the Government to re
tmove. "the factors,

‘ble for such’ severe Poca
‘and political’ dislocations;
and no matter how «un-

“ imaginably licated the,
remedies fre made ‘out fo

be by the . apologists

‘apa eid, the -answer $
isimply an ‘elimination of
frace discrimination and ex-
Ploitation.

Pragmatism in ‘this ‘con-
#text must not be used as an
Xescape from harsh reali

slead by addressing the real
causes of unrest.

It must stop being a
‘oner of its ts own re pre
-by first admit its re-

ibilities for the nadir
it has been the
this nation.

It is not the UDF, nor the
INIC, RMD or TIC, not the
‘progressive trade. anions,
‘hut Azapo or Cosas, not

Rian Se ut tis



JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

MOI ADDRESSES ARMY URGING LOYALTY
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 4 May 85 pp 1, 8
[Article by Charles Kulundu]

[Text] A disciplined army is an asset to the country for this makes the na-
tionals feel secure and protected, President Daniel arap Moi said yesterday.

The President said officers of the Kenya Army, whom he had just commissioned
yesterday at Lanet, should take up their heavy responsibilities with dedica-
tion and devotion in defence of their mother country.

President Moi, who is also the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, told
the newly-commissioned officers to demonstrate their skills and the knowledge
they had learnt at the college in an exemplary manner and be a shining exam-
ple to their juniors.

President Méi told the officers who had just completed a year's training to
approach their work with great loyalty to the country because wananchi depen-
ded on them for security and protection.

The Commandér-in-Chief said the army officers must be God~fearing and seek
the blessings of the Almighty in their work because without God's guidance,
one could not succeed in his work.

President Moi advised the army officers to live an exemplary life and avoid
gossip which could ruin the good name of the army while endeavouring to do
all in their power to make Kenya a better place for all to live in.

On promotion, President Moi said this would continue to be decided upon
solely on merit, individual performance and the level of commitment to one's
work in the army.

President Moi opened his speech by commending the officers who had completed

a year's training and expressed his satisfaction that they had received ade-
quate training. He urged them to go into the field and prove, through actions,
what they had been taught.

Stressing the need for discipline and acceptance of the heavy responsibilities
placed on them, President Moi said officers should always show by example
that they loved and were loyal to their country so that their juniors could
emulate their good example.

38



Cde Magadzire expressed concern that the silo construction programme launched
by Government has been devised without the interests of his 12 000 members be-
ing taken into account.

"Rural development, he said, "should not be discriminatory when executed by
Government."

The resettlement programme, Cde Magadzire suggested, should now be refined to
enable agricultural graduates at all levels to take up practical farming to
revamp the industry plauged with the dearth of young blood.

He took some chemical companies to task for dumping their products on farms

early in the season without imparting correct cultural practices--only to re-
turn after harvest to exact their loot from scandalised farmers.

cso: 3400/369

124



On the Government side, "the businessmen's desire to create wealth, to invest,
and to provide jobs has been confused with the exploitative tendencies of capi-

talism".

Businessmen could no longer afford a mere commentator role: the Government also
needed to help businessmen create wealth needed by the country. "Both parties
should be actively involved in undertaking those initiatives which improve the

economic well-being of our economy."

CsO: 3400/370

108



TRADE WITH LIBYA TO GROW

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 May 85 p 8

[Text] yRaDE petween Zimbebwe and

cso:

‘Libya may gain momentum this
_year if moves by the Libyan go-
vernment to buy Zimbabwe's beef
and furniture products go ahead
without a hitch.
© ‘The cultural attache \at the
Libyan Embassy, Mr Ahmed S
Najem, told The Gazette this week
that his country was interested in
buying beef. Discussions in that di-
-rection may start soon if the people
in Tripoli give the green light.
“We are interested in a number
‘of things from Zimbabwe”. he
said. ‘For example, you have
(good: quality furniture. We are
going to send some samples to
Libya so that they can decide
“whether to take it.’””
« Generally, trade between the
‘two countries has been low, he
‘said. Since Independence, Libya
‘has been importing tobacco and
‘asbestos. ‘To date, we have
imported about 10 906 tonnes of
asbestos.”

+: He is optimistic that trade bet-
jween “the two countries | will
vincrease despite the distance fac-
itor. ““We are trying our best to
‘connect more between Zimba-
»bwean and Libyan companies and
between the two. governments,
‘both - politically, culturally and
economically,” he said. .

3400/367

117

JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



JPRS=SSA>85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

SAUDI PRINCE PLANNING MASSIVE INVESTMENT
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 May 85 p 1

[Text] Saudi Arabian Prince al Waleed bin Talal bin Abdulaziz Alsaud has
plans for massive investments in Zimbabwe's agriculture, mining and other in-
dustries, his adviser and co-ordinator for African investments, Mr Faissal
Fahad, said yesterday.

He told THE HERALD the prince's company, Kingdom Establishment, was finalising
plans for joint projects with the Government. "The total amount involved
would be determined by the prince and the Zimbabwe Government."

Zimbabwe will be the first country in Sub-Saharan Africa where the prince
will invest in joint ventures. His company will also provide funds for the
construction of 25 four-roomed low-cost houses in Bindura and another 25 in
Gwanda. "This grant has no ties and it is up to the Government of Zimbabwe
to give it to the needy," Mr Fahad said.

The prince, who is the nephew of King Fahd, was expected to visit Zimbabwe to
hand the 50. houses over to the Government when they are completed before the
end of the year. Mr Fahad arrived in the country on Friday to deliver a cheque
for an undisclosed amount for the construction of the houses this week.

He said the planned investments in Zimbabwe were a result of the Saudi king-
dom's respect for the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, and his Government. When
the prince visited Zimbabwe last year he had been impressed by the efforts the
Government was making to develop the country in spite of the three-year drought
and world economic recession.

During his visit, the prince, considered to be one of the most astute business-
men in the Arab world, held talks with Cde Mugabe and President Banana and
said he would like to improve relations between the Saudis and Zimbabweans.

Mr Fahad said there were many areas in which Zimbabwe and Saudi Arabia could
help each other for the benefit of the two peoples. "They can do a lot for
each other," he said.

The prince's representative is due to hold talks with Government officials
and present the cheque before his return on Friday.

cso: 3400/369

122



JPRS-SSA-85-054

27 June 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BENIN

CHAD

GABON

GHANA

West African Ports Unable To Handle More Food Aid
(Philippe Mudry: AFP, 31 May 85)..sesecessceeeeeececere 1

School Activities Resume Normally in Provinces
(Parakou Domestic Service, 3 Jun 85)...e.eeeeeeeseeeeeee 3

Habre Faced With Difficult Economic Situation
(AFP, 4 Jun 85). .cceecceceesececcencsecsecesseccesssenes 4

President Bongo on 'Clandestine Immigration’ .
(Omar Bongo; L'UNION, 16 May 85)...sseseesescseeeeserere 6

Loan Agreement Signed With FRG
(Accra Domestic Service, 31 May 85)..e+sseeseeeeeeeeeees 8

Greater Accra To Set Up Task Forces in Banks
(Accra Domestic Service, 5 Jun 85)...sseeeeeeseeeeeeeee 9

Radio Comments on Upholding Values of 4 June Revolution
(David Anarglatey; Accra Domestic Service, 4 Jun 85).... 10

Rawlings Commissions Broadcasting Transmitters
(Acera Domestic Service, 3 Jun cL) een 12



BUSINESS MEN HAIL CURRENCY MOVE

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 22 May 85 p 2

[Text] “HARARE — Private sector

cso:

representatives have  wel-°

comed the review .of ex-

change control restrictions as !

a “morale booster” and a
sure sign that the economy
is on the road to recovery.
The chairman of the Zim '
babwe Stock Exchange
- Bill Burdett-Coutts, sai ihe

change~ announced yesterday -

‘were most gratifying, particu-
‘ tary as they a his
i dictions late last year
; “the tide was turning, and
{sil yin make it turn even

! though some le
“mip be Sisappoin oint oe
its would only be relea: fed
* this was."8 sep the ‘the f

3

“the original Mivitend Hcy,
which allowed a ittance
Of 50% of after-tax its,

be next.
year would restore investor —
confidence, me sald
arenuiate fated © fait must be
congratu! on
: obligations to review the re-
aittance issue and this should
give a great ‘poost to the

‘economy.’
Mt Yoho: Mkushi, . vice-

“president, of th the ‘Confedera-

3400/363

: 'the face of drastic

tion of Zimbabwe Industries
isaid the review was “very
jB0od news”,

The lifting of restrictions
on dividends had been neces-

, Bary because the country had

made an undert to re
- view the situation.

ld enhance Zimbabwe's
Jnternational credibility with
investors, he said.

Some industrialists con-

t ‘tacted yesterday said a 30:

percent increase in foreign
currency allocation would,
cuts in
-fegular allocations over the
three meet th ‘be
though te niet theit b needs
and they would continue to

Tely on their allocation being
topped yj by ‘aid funds or
! special a tions,

“But the fact that it has
been increased at all is 8
, Feal booster,” said
“gre, eating @ ” that it indicated

real improvement in
“forelgn exchange reserves.

Meanwhile, Ziana reports
that the president of the
' Zimbabwe National Chamber

of ‘Commerce, Mr Ernest’

Chiweshe has also welcomed .

the easing of restrictions and
‘said he ‘hoped that the 30
percent increase would apply

to all sectors of the business‘

‘community. — Own Corr. ©

140

JPRS~SSA~85-054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE


JPRS~SSA*85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

ISLAM REPORTEDLY GAINING STRENGTH AMONG PEOPLE
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 5 May 85 p 1

[Text] Moslems have made tremendous strides in converting Zimbabweans to
Islam, They now have membership in eight of Zimbabwe's major urban areas.

Islam was introduced into Zimbabwe by the Asian community and was propagated
among the country's black population by the Yao from Malawi and Mozambique.
Interest. in Islam seemed to have been on the wane until after independence.

The secretary-general of the Zimbabwe Moslem Youth Organisation, Mr Abdullah
Mahomed, said last week that ‘the advent of independence had allowed greater
movement and association of Zimbabweans with people from north and central
Africa. This was why more Zimbabweans were turning to Islam.

His organisation, he told THE SUNDAY MAIL, was now recruiting converts and
emphasis was being placed on education and leading by example.

He said there had been spectacular gains in membership in the Gutu. area, for
example. In Harare, which includes Zimbabwe's third largest urban area,
Chitingwiza, a number of mosques had gone up, indicating an increase in mem-
bership.

"There are now three mosques in Seke and St Mary's. ‘Two are already completed
and one is under construction and is expected to be completed at the end of
this year.

"There is a project to build mosques in Epworth and Mufakose and we have just
completed one in Karoi. There are four mosques in Kwekwe, where we also. have
the largest. mosque in the country and where the organisation's main meetings
are held." Kwekwe is the centre of the Islamic Mission in Zimbabwe--the um-
brella body of all the Moslems in this country..

So far, Mr Mahomed said, the Zimbabwe Moslem Youth Organisation had a member-
ship of 154, slightly more than double the number of organisation had at
its formation in 1983.

He was not immediately certain of the exact number of Moslems in this country.

101



American Congress might have’on other Western
powers, most notably Britain. It seems highly likely
that somie form of economic sanctions will be enacted
by Congress during 1985. Press speculation suggests
that a ban on future American investment is possible,
although, given the Reaganadministration’s views,
the legislation may well be subject to a presidential
veto — however, these can ‘be over-ridden by
Congress. . mot

Some observers have suggested’ that an American
initiative along these lines would make it difficult for
other Western countries to resist applying their own
sanctions. What might happen is completely unpre-
dictable, but South Africans ought to be aware of a
real threat that cannot be ignored. Nor should they
underestimate the deleterious effect that the climate
created by the disinvestment campaign is having on
potential foreign and local investors. Moreover, the
aggravation of an already unfavourable climate is very
likely to have harmful. effects‘on South African ex-
ports. As the disinvestment campaign ‘gets into full
swing the spotlight will tell on South African
products to an increasing extent. Heightened con-
sumer consciousness that there is some kind of moral
issue surrounding the South African-made’ product
which they contemplate buying could transform in-
difference into active reluctance: As A R Lumby has
pointed out (Financial Mail, January 25 1985), “even
a partially successful exports boycott would deliver a
staggering blow to the SA economy.”

There would be little purpose in my attempting
to provide scenarios in quantitative terms of the esti-
mated effects of particular sanctions. Several econ-
omists have already made brave attempts at this kind
of calculation. At this stage, it seems to me, we do
not know exactly what kind of sanctions are likely to
be imposed nor how many countries will involve
themselves in the campaign. The many imponder-
able and unquantifiable factors make the task of pro-
jection and prediction virtually impossible. -More-
‘over, as the Swaziland government has pointed out
recently, damage done to the South African economy
would also have serious effects on all of South
Africa’s black-ruled neighbours and on Namibia.

THE DISINVESTMENT LOBBY

In debates with proponents of disinvestment I
have repeatedly tried to extract from them just how
they expect it to contribute to the process of change
in South Africa. One might hope for some reasonably
coherent account of anticipated consequences that
would strengthen the forces of change. The re-
sponses to my -probings, however, are invariably

61

evasive, leading me to conclude that no such account
exists. It is, however, possible to isolate several
strands of thought within the disinvestment lobby.

~ Many Americans are more concerned with
American foreign policy interests than with what
actually happens in South Africa, the reasoning being
that America’s business involvement is.seen as com~
plicity in injustice and that America, as the leader of
the Westem alliance, cannot afford the. allegation
that it is “propping up apartheid”; however mislead-
ing the argument may be. .

This, of course, is a legitimate concern. : Harold
Macmillan made the point eloquently in his “Winds
of Change” speech in 1960, saying: “We may some-
times be tempted to say to each other, ‘Mind your
own business’, but in these days I would myself ex-
pand the old saying so that it runs: ‘Mind your own
business, but mind how it affects my business too’.”

If one cannot effectively rebut the-general prop-
osition that-a state is entitled to act in accordance
with its own legitimate foreign policy interests, one
has to try. to show that the imposition of sanctions is
likely to have worse implications — and I believe that
this can be demonstrated. an

Perhaps the majority of pro-disinvestment
Americans is concerned to make a symbolic state-
ment of repudiation to the South African govern-
ment. As the Mayor of Boston put it in explaining
the ordinance that prohibits the city from investing
public funds in any instituion that does business with -
South Africa, “it’s important that Boston — as the
cradle of liberty — send a message that it objects to
human rights violations.” It is of no avail to try to re-
but this kind of argument by pointing out that many
states have worse records of human rights abuses
than South Africa: correctly or incorrectly, racial dis-
crimination is seen as the worst offence in the human
tights book, and South Africa, as the sole surviving
upholder of a system of institutionalised discrimi-
nation, is consequently a prime target.

Other arguments for disinvestment are that
foreign companies prolong the survival of racial
domination by strengthening the economy that alleg-
gedly underpins it; and that by raising the costs of
implementing apartheid you force the South African
government into a cost/benefit analysis.of its policy,
thereby in turn forcing it to realise that a negotiated
settlement is preferable to a draining and ultimately
futile persistence in a disastrous system.

. Atone level these are logical arguments, even if
they are wholly unpalatable to many South Africans.
It would be a serious mistake to dismiss the disin-
vestment lobby, at least in the United States, as a



to the financing of international

“trade by taking advantage of their
credit line: facilitated with their

‘Bnireaty very compedtive.

already very competitive.

. . The Commission Palied also on
the fact that countries such as Can-
ada, Australia and the US had taken
steps to restrict foreign control of
local banks, emph ig that there
was a high degree of foreign control
over South African banking. But

-other countries’ policies are not
necessarily wise or appropriate.
What is more, Canada, Australia
and the United States have all
modified their attitudes in the past
decade.

i

W.. possible objections could
_ there be to the entry of new foreign
banks into SA? One factor which
has encouraged some-other coun-
, tries to sanction the entry of foreign
‘banks has been the desire to pro-
,mote greater competition in the
"banking sector, and thereby im-
prove the quality of banking ser-
‘vices. It might be argued that stron-
ger. competitive forces in South
‘Africa have already emerged with-
out the entry of new foreign institu-
;tions — from such non-bankin;
sources as building societies. ‘Ant
;the ‘banks themselves compete
much more : aggressively, . using
both the pricing and other market-
‘ing mix instruments.

artel-t ngements . be-
tween ‘local banks, for such as fix- :
ing commission fees for accepting
:bankers’ acceptances and Ging
opening hours, have broken down.
dnterest bearing current accounts

shave also emerged. In addition, new
technology: has given the banks new
opportunities to cut the cost of
handling retail business and im-
_prove the quality of services. Such
elopments, however, do not ne-
.cessarily mean that new foreign
sextent of competition can still vary
among different segments .of the
banking industry.'In any case, the
; ice of banks cannot be
‘judged solely on‘ the basis of the
degree of competition in
~Such panks potentially tonfer other

rbenefit :
‘lt it be argued that existin;
‘banks re ably equipped to meet

domestic banking neéds. The entry
‘of new banks, therefore, could in-
i tensify shortages of skilled labour
.dn the banking sector and create, in.
: general, excess capacity in the in-
lustry. Overtrading in banking usu-
ally refers in particular to the retail
! end, but the objective measurement
2 Of this is difficult. The most usual
‘method is to express the number of
bank branches as a ratio of the
: number of residents in'a country,
but owing to the composition of the
{SA population such a ratio would be
|more difficult to interpret than in!
other Western countries. In this re- '
“spect SA may be ‘underbanked, in
e sense that large numbers of

non-whites do not possess bank ac- : : tries, notably by introducin, it~
' ‘ ‘er ompatition. in the wholesale

counts, !
: Some evidence of overtrading |
‘has been the practice of some banks :
to close branches in rural areas. ©
ny new foreign banks, however,
would certainly not be interested in
opening branches in rural areas or
*in becoming retail banks at all.;
‘They may well concentrate on
‘wholesale banking, and some of
»their key staff would most probably
“be recruited from their head of-
¢fices, Would foreign banks, in fact,
judge it economically desirable to
set up local operations? After all,
some business can be conducted
“through correspondent. banks.

But if a-foreign bank — even a

sspecialised one — wishes to conduct ~,

local banking - business it needs to
-obtain local deposits. Active par-

j ticipation in the rand-dollar foreign

inge .market similarly ‘re-. «

iquires a ce in this country, ;
Because e the necessity of gaining
customers and the inherent volatil- ;
yity in the market which renders :
trading from a foreign base hazard- '
ous. The fear may arise that a larg- *
ier pi eign banks in‘SA |
would render the domestic ban!
‘industry less sensitive to -offi
;Policy measures. . '
Tighter monetary policies and
control over domestic interest
srates might be circumvented to:
;Some extent through foreign banks
raising deposits from their parent |
‘banks overseas. On the other hand, |
veven ‘domestic banks can raise’
-short term funds from international:
banks. Any of mone-'
itary policies would not appear to be |;
relevant now that a flonting rand *
texchange rate system exists. since.
‘any capital inflows or outflows do

47

* such as

;not automatically influence the
Money supply.

ca eee
-regulatin, rr
come more difficult if more banks
operate? Not necessarily, because

e ter recent emphasis uj
.market-related methods of control
has eased the task of monitoring
banking activities. a

A recent OECD report has
stated that the presence of forei;

banks has greatly benefited the
financial systems of the host coun-

banking sector. In their search to
gain a niche in the corporate loan
market, foreign banks — according
ito the Report — have been catering
in particular for the most d: ic
and innovating cnterprizes. Ia
.several countries this has exerted a
marked impact on the degree of
-Sophistication of domestic loan
“markets. .

On the funding ‘side, foreign
-banks have hating the develop-
ment of money market sources of

funds, and
tiable certificates

imany i
tered the ‘of international
“fund ranchers travelers cheques, ‘
business consultancy, foreign
‘management and
national securities.

‘be abolished, foreign banks would
-be particularly suitable for devel- ;

roping the purchase of international
‘Securities by local investors as.well
as joting the role ‘of SA as a’
re onal finance centre, and possi- :
;bly improving the access of local
ies to the Eurocu

t. And removal of ex
.trols could cause the a

foreign
differently, probably leat to
acceleration i toe
Metra by South ‘irtcan com-
‘panies. This, in turn, encour-
.age local to seek outlets in
sue



JPRS~SSA*85~+054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SISHEN-SALDANHA PROJECT--Government has again refused to release the report
of the commission of inquiry into the future of the’ controversial Sishen-Sald-
anah Project, which has already cost R814m. Trade and Industry Minister Dawie
de Villiers said the report would not be released because it "contains infor-
mation which can be detrimental to Iscor's commercial interests if ... made
public". [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 May 85 p 2]

LABOR PREFERENCE POLICY~-The coloured labour preference policy in the Western
Cape has effectively ended with the announcement that all applications by
employers for the employment of additional black workers will be granted
without exception. Mr Frank Lighton, director of the Cape Employment Bureau,
said yesterday the decision had been reached after several months of negotia-
tion with the Department of Constitutional Dévelopment ‘and Planning: The an-
noucement applies to all employees, including domestic servants. [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 May 85 p 1]

DURBAN, TRANSVAAL RAIL LINK--Transport Affairs Minister Hendrik Schoeman yes-
terday opened a R346m extension to the Johannesburg-Durban rail line. The
line has been doubled between Glenroy and Vooruitsig and Newcastle. This
will ease single line congestion compounded in recent years by the increasing
tonnage of steel being railed from Newcastle. Iscor steel movements from Van-
derbijlpark and Newcastle are up to more than 30 000 tons a day. Other im-
provements include the installation of a centralised traffic control function
for the whole system. The extension will allow SA Transport Services to in-
crease the line's capacity. With the improved line allowing the use of longer
trains with a shorter running time, the present 32,5-million tons a year could
be raised substantially. According to Sats assistant general manager for
operations Japie Radyn, the improvements will reduce the average Johannesburg-
Durban journey for express goods from three days to 14 hours. [Text] [Johannes-
burg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 May 85 p 8]

BELTEL INFORMATION SERVICE--Beltel, the Post Office's electronic information
system, comes closer to home with the news that home computer users will be
able to connect to the service for the payment of a monthly R3 fee. Users
will also need to buy a modem for their computer .and a Sapo-approved inter-
connector which can be obtained at a relatively low cost. At the moment, two
different brands of Beltel inter~connectors are already on the market, and
the Post Office is appealing for suppliers to submit other types for testing
and possible licensing. Subscribers to Beltel can access the latest news

96



(Organisation of Petroleum Exporting
Countries). .

The assessment of the layman aside,
President Moi's Government is “highly
cognisant of the pros and cons of the
situation with regard to the energy sector as
a whole. It is well respected in the fifth Five-
Year Plan.

The current demand for domestic
petroleum consumption (1985) is about 1.40
million tonnes. Next year it will be 1.46
million tonnes, rising to: 1.52 million in 1987
and 1.58 in 1988, according to the Plan.

Much of the petroleum consumption has
been, and will continue to be, in the
industrial and commercial sectors, followed
by the residential and agricultural sectors in
that order.

CSO: 3400/360

21



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

TIPIS CAUSES STIR ON BRANCH POST REMARKS

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 10 May 85 pp 4-5

{Text ]

-MR. Justus ole Tipis,.a minister for state

in office of. the president, and Kanu
national treasurer, has said he. will no
longer seek the Narok Kanu branch chair-
manship he.lost to Mr. William Ntimama
in 1976 — and which he has sought to
retain since. All of a sudden, Tipis claims
that to seek the seat would be “stooping a
bit too low” considering that he is the
national treasurer of the party. To many
observers, the statement amounted to an
unwarranted political arrogance at a time
when Tipis’ fellow cabinet ministers and
national party’ officials were seeking to
consolidate their grassroots support
through their respective party branches.
The remarks by Tipis were in response

to suggestions in the media that he was.

preparing either to make a new bid for the
Narok seat or to sponsor a candidate of his
choice against Ntimama. The suggestions
were prompted by recent public pronoun-
cements by politicians from both camps
in Narok, including Tipis himself. But the
minister dismissed such’ speculation. as
“misleading and unfounded”. Not only
did he argue that contesting a party post
in Narok would be stooping too low for the
current national treasurer of the party, he

‘also asserted that he would not sponsor

anyone in the election either.

‘The drama in Narok began three weeks
ago when Ntimama convened a party
‘meeting where a resolution was reported
to have been passed that Ntimama be
returned unopposed as branch chairman.
Among other matters discussed was that
Ntimama’s successor as chairman of the
Narok County Council, Mr. Hassan ole
Kamwaro, should resign from the council
on the grounds that he had said at
another meeting that Kanu in Narok was
“dead”

Kamwaro immediately called a press
conference to deny this. He said the state-
ment he made was that Kanu in the dis-
trict was “dormant” as a result of
Ntimama’s reluctance to convene any

‘kind of party meetings over the years. He

took the opportunity to condemn
Ntimama for not convening meetings to
condemn a former minister for con-
stitutional affairs, Mr. Charles Njonjo, at
a time the whole country was condemning
the “‘traitor” (Njonjo was established by a
judicial commission to have been plotting

against President Moi’s government). He

further said Ntimama had also failed to

gather the branch governing committee to
carry out screening of suspected dissi-
dents and unloyal elements when the rest
of the country was engaged in such a
clean-up exercise following Njonjo’s purge
from the party, and he called Ntimama
Njonjo’s collaborator. On that basis, he
said Ntimama should resign.

It was after this that Tipis pitched in on
Kamwaro’s side. In a series of meetings in
Narok, Tipis castigated Ntimama as
“loud-mouthed”’ politician who
encouraged ethnic differences among the

‘Maasai in a bid to keep them divided.

Without calling for Ntimama’s resigna-
tion, Tipis also joined in accusing him of
collaborating with Nj ijonjo.

While all this was going on, a relatively
unknown charcoal burner in Narok, Mr.
Paul ole Sempele, out of the blue issued
statements that he had taken over as
acting chairman of the branch and direc-
ted Ntimama to hand over all party files
and other records to the administration
within a week. There is no provision in the
party constitution for such arbitrary take-
overs, and Tipis was quick to point that
out to Sempele and others who might be
tempted to act in a similar fashion. What

17

KENYA



Township Council, Mr Pertus Shongwe, said the clean-up operation--which began
last Friday and continued throughout the weekend--was aimed at checking all
Mozambicans living in the township to see if they are legally resident in
Swaziland.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 May 85 p 13]

CSO: 3400/336

100



MUSLIM RELIGIOUS DIFFERENCES WORRY PROVINCIAL COMMISSIONER

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 7 May 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

The Coast PC, Mr Yusuf Haji,
complained yesterday about
widespread religious differences
among Muslims. °

He appealed to Kadhi’s to use
their positions to bring the
wrangling mosque factions
together.

Mr Haji, addressing Kadhis
from all over Kenya at a seminar
in Mombasa, said the Govern-
ment could not let some people
upset peace in places of worship.

“Tt would be shameful to close
down mosques due to division

among worshippers, but the
Government has maintain
peace and order,” said the PC.

He called on Kadhis not to side
with any wrangling groups as thet
might worsen the rows.

He expressed concern that
some Kadhis were supporting
factions involved in disputes.

Mr Haji told the Kadhis they
had a responsibility to promote
unity among Muslims.

Muslims, he said, should not
be divided on_ ideologies of other
countries as they were Kenyans,

Kenyan Muslims were lucky

3400/356

that the Government employed
ifull time Kadhis.

The Registrar of the High
Court; Mr Abdul Rauf, said the
judiciary was losing many
magistrates to the private sector.

He said ways of improving the
terms. of service of
magistrates were being con-
sidered by the Judicial Se

mmisson.

.. Mr Rauf said the Ju
department was finding i
ficult to replace magistrates who
went into private law practice.

He called on Kadhis attending
the seminar to make suggestions
on their scheme of service during
the 4-day meeting.

They weie also asked to
propose clear minimum
educational and religious
standards for Kadhis.

rvice

29

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA



"The individualistic approach and the development of a feeling that loyalty
and patriotism are synonymous with a political party, make other progressive
forces see such a posture as being unpatriotic."

The document lists 17 points in its case for a united front. "We believe that
there are many Zimbabweans who are concerned at the way things have gone since
independence. These Zimbabweans have constructive views to express on these
goings on. They need a platform.

"In reaffirming our loyalty and patiotism.to Zimbabwe and in our rededication
to the defence and consolidation of our hard-won independence’ and in the preser-
vation of our sovereignty, we Zimbabweans must understand that although there
may be political contradictions we all must ensure that all. that we do contri-
butes to the betterment of us all."

cso: 3400/370

110



MINING CO-OP PLANNED

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 22 May 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

THE “madobadoba”
mining, whereby people xran-
domly search and pick
minerals, is to be phased out
by forming’ co-operatives
through ‘the fgency at ‘of ihe
Zimbabwe Mining Devel

ment Corporation, the Deputy my:

Minister of Mines, -“Cde
Chimbidzai Sanyangare, said
yesterday.

Speaking at the official
opening of the 17th annual
joint conference of the Min-

Affairs Board and. the
District Advisory Boards in
Bulawayo, Cde Sanyangare
said agreement to phase this
system out had been reached

gompanies, .

between mining

the Ministries of Mines and
Labour, Manpower Planning
and Social Welfare, fhe J Asso.
ciated Mineworkers’

the Chamber of Mines "and
mine owners.:

” The > Ministry of Mines in
consultation with the Minis-
try of Finance, Economic
Planning and Development
were considering ways of in-
troducing ‘a new specia] loan

scheme to help fo-operatives, *

phe said.

Cde Sanyangare praised”
mining companies for. their!

“resilience and
maintain operations at ‘their

optimum” in the face of cash
flow problems emanating
from low international mine-
ral prices and sharo increases

’ in electricity tariffs.

In the past year, ne said,

major mineral products pke

3400/363

ition to:

pe of gold, ferrochrome,’ asbest

coal, nickel and copper

shown @ moderate upswing |
which was coupled with an
increase in the value of min-
ing output and slightly im-
proved mineral prices on in-
ternational markets.

Looking to the future, Cde
_Sanyangare said the produc-
tion of golq was increasing.
,Key producers also showed ;
* confidence in the future by:
" expanding production . and:

, investing in new projects, |

Cde Sanyangare said the’
position of the producer of
asbestos had now improved.
‘Stockpiles accummulated
during the period of reces-
sion had now been depleted.

131

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE



But in view of the demographic and
economic realities, I donot believe that
a completely free movement of people
can be instituted. I think some degree of
orderly settlement and orderly urbanisation
will at this stage in the development of
South Africa remain necessary. But much
greater flexibility should be introduced
than presently exists.

Murray: Are you saying that the pass
laws in some form or another will have to
stay?

Viljoen: The pass laws are again some-
what different. The pass laws are a form of
implementing and controlling influx and
that methodology might well be radically
reviewed, We have already accepted and
announced that the old system of identi-
fication documents in South Africa should
be transferred to one department, namely,
the Department of Home Affairs. I think
much of the control of settlement of people
will ultimately reside here. In this way a
single policy for identification of indivi-
duals — in terms of controlling settlement —
as in all other countries, will be the re-
sponsibility of one department. But then
there is the other main problem; namely
ultimately evolve into, is a matter for nego-
tiation in the forum itself so that the people
participating, who at present do not have
formal decision-making rights, can be
involved in.

Murray: Do you foresee that perhaps
the forum could develop into something
which has a constitutional base in terms
of the revised Constitution?

Viljoen: Oh yes. I think the State Pre-
sident and the government accept the per-
manence of black communities outside the
national states. We also accept that those
communities consist largely of people who
cannot and do not find satisfactory political
expression through their contact with the
national states, Alternative structures
should be negotiated whereby black com-
munities outside the national states can
find political expression.

There should be self-determination
in those areas which could be defined as
own affairs, as well as negotiation and co-
responsibility in those areas which are
matters of joint interest between the blacks
and the other population groups. So ob-

53

viously, from this concept of negotiating
new structures for self-determination of
our own affairs and co-operation and co-
responsibility of common affairs, it is quite
clear that new structures linking up with
the existing structures will have to be
devised.

Murray: It would seem to me that until
such time as a dispensation is created
which holds as much standing in law for
the blacks as exists for coloureds and
Indians, that the international and local
criticism of the Constitution will continue
unabated.

Viljoen: Yes, Butas I see it, the govern-
ment's move in the area of constitutional
reform for blacks is not aimed ata result
consisting of informal structures, It aims

at new constitutional structures — in other
words, structures that will be recognised as
part of the constitutional law of the country.

Murray: At this stage, there is no natural
line of progression from municipal to
provincial affairs and then on to central
government.

Viljoen: Yes, I chink that is true. And this

is also a point admitted by the State Pre-

sident when he talked about the need to

negotiate new structures enabling the black

communities outside the national states

to find political expression. He added

the words “higher than the local level”,

thereby admitting that where there are

no structures there was a need for going

higher than the local level — up to the

highest level.
Within the national
states, of course, free-
hold is already avail-
able. So when they
move there, in prin-
ciple, blacks can have

"freehold.

Murray: Lam think-
ing particularly of freehold in the hugely
concentrated black urban areas where
99-year leasehold is the only option.

Viljoen: Negotiations are proceeding on
this point. The State President argues that
freehold obviously brings a greater sense of
belonging, a greater commitment to the
community, and is a more effective basis



JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

ZNCC CONGRESS DEFENDS BUSINESS

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 May 85 pp 1, 7

[Text] All Zimbabweans, in both the private and public sectors, are key par-
ticipants in fostering and shaping the growth of the economy, the Deputy Prime
Minister, Cde Simon Muzenda, said in Bulawayo yesterday evening.

He told the official opening of the annual congress of the Zimbabwe National
Chamber of Commerce that the decision to bring in. Government officers and other

experts to take part in committee deliberations was significant.

"The new co-operation between experts will forge healthy functional relations
and remove mutual suspiciouns that normally inhibit progress.

"When you add to these the potency of informal interchange of ideas and exper-
dences the picture that emerges is that of patriotic nationals working to pro-
mote their country's prosperity.

“This is the more so because fruitless confrontations, counter-accusations and
frayed tempers will have been replaced by mutual trust and a common purpose."

Cde Muzenda said the Government would "look seriously at the enlightened recom
mendations" the congress came up with and if necessary there could be further
consultations "so that ‘the country and its people will stand to gain from the
resultant courses of action". :

Cde Muzenda said that business sector needed each other. "Governments depend
of business to create the wealth needed for high living standards, worthwhile
jobs and better lives; we who run businesses in turn depend on Government to
create an environment that ensures business success... Each needs the other's
success and each must understand the other's tasks and peculiar problems."

Mr Chiweshe said the ZNCC had never regarded the easy path of simply commenting
on Government proposals as adequate and believed it should be more involved in
the larger role of innovation.

Development opportunities had been lost since independence. Some businessmen
had adopted a wait-and-see attitude which had "inhibited them from recognising
the virtues and strong points of the new socio-economic and political dispensa-
tion".

107



SWAPO, too, was omitted from the Lusaka
Agreement. Although, unlike UNITA, it has been
included at other levels in the negotiations, SWAPO
remains a wild card in the pack.

The dramatic development which attracted
much wider public attention, was the Nkomati
Accord of March 16 between South Africa and
Mozambique. The two governments undertook “to
respect each other's sovereignty and independence,
and in fulfilment of this fundamental obligation, to
refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of the
other” (Article One). More specifically, they agreed
not to allow their respective territories to be used in
any way by organisations or individuals planning “to
commit acts of violence, terrorism or aggression”
against the other party. The Accord went on to
specify in detail the various types of such acts which
the two parties undertook to prevent or eliminate.

The signing of the Nkomati Accord on the bor-
der between the two countries drew world attention
to what was a very significant change in the regional
configuration. In 1983 the South African Govern-
ment’s regional policy had been widely typified as
one of the destabilisation of its neighbours, and inter-
national criticism of the government was mounting,
not only in Africa and the United Nations, but also in
Western capitals. There was considerable evidence
to support the view that South Africa was engaged in
a policy of weakening its neighbours by economic
and military strikes into Mozambique in January
1981 and May 1983 aimed at concentrations of the
ANC (African National Congress), whose members
were involved in an increasing number of violent
incidents within South Africa. A similar raid was
carried out in Lesotho in December 1982, and
economic leverage had been used against both that
country and Zimbabwe.

In addition, there were increasingly frequent re-
ports of direct South African assistance to the rebel
movement (the MNR or Renamo) in Mozambique
and of South African assistance at a lower level to
“dissidents” in Zimbabwe and to opponents of the
government of Lesotho. Given South Africa’s over-
whelming military and economic strength in the
region, as well as the economic dependence or.
South Africa of most of the other countries of South-
ern Africa, these forms of pressure — or even threat:
of pressure — no doubt had an effect on the neigh-
bouring countries which they could not disregard.

In these circumstances there was a growing view
internationally that the South African Government
was engaged in an irrational policy of subverting and
destabilising its neighbours, simply in order to create
a band of weak and unstable countries around South

71

Africa and by this means to reduce the extemal
threat posed not only by the ANC, but also by the
Soviet Union. Public statements by South African
political and military leaders referred frequently to
the concept of a “total onslaught” on South Africa,
promoted by Moscow, with the assistance inter alia of
neighbouring “Marxist” governments. South African
“aggressive” actions in the region were interpreted
internationally as the government's response to this
perceived threat.

Against this background, the Lusaka Agreement
and the Nkomati Accord in early 1984 appeared to
indicate that the South African Goverment had
changed its policy, or had at least added the element
of negotiation to the one of pressure which it had
been using. This was referred to by the Economist as
the “thump and talk” approach. From another view-
point it could be said, in the case of Mozambique at
least, that instead of trying to subvert or even over-
throw the Marxist government, South Africa was
now attempting to wean Mozambique away from the
Soviet camp. This placed South Africa more in line
with American policy in the region.

In any case, the South African Government
showed its determination to make the Nkomati
‘Accord work by ending whatever support it, or its
agencies, had been giving to the MNR, while at the
same time actively encouraging the development of
economic links. In particular, the re-negotiation of
the Cahora Bassa Agreement between South Africa,
Portugal and Mozambique held out the promise (un-
fortunately not yet fulfilled) that not only would
South Africa at last receive a regular supply of power
from that source (long interrupted by MNR sabotage
of the power lines), but that the Mozambique
government would derive income from it.

GREATER STABILITY

It may have seemed that Mozambique was
driven into this agreement by its desperate economic
and security situation, But South Africa also had
much to gain, and still has, from the Accord. Apart
from the closing of Mozambican sanctuaries to the
ANC (which was doubtless the crucial factor) and
potential economic advantages, there was the inter-
national credibility, to be gained by an agreement
with a formerly hostile neighbour state and the
example it might set for similar agreements with
other states in the region. In fact, once the Nkomati
Accord was signed, the Swazi government felt free to
announce that it had already signed a security
agreement with South Africa two years previously.

The way seemed open for similar arrangements,
formal or informal, with Lesotho and Botswana,



PARLIAMENT DEBATES HALTING EXPORT OF CEREALS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 17 May 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

The Government was. urged to
discourage the’ exportation of
agricultural produce to ensure the
country does not go begging in
case of drought.

Gem MP, Mr Horace
Owiti made the call while con-
tributing to the debate on the
National Cereals and. Produce
Board Bill. He said the money
used to import yellow maize
could be used to expand the
storage facilities in the country.

Mr Owiti said he did not think
Kenya had any surplus in maize
ot beans to be exported.

“There should be storage
facilities in all the district head-
quarters to ensure we have stocks
to last us two or three years but
not to go begging every time there
is drought,” he sai

The MP pointed out that the
exportation of grains was being
kept secret and wananchi only
learned that. food was being
exported when told by workers
at the ports.

“Said Mr Owi “Farmers
should be informed when there
are exports to be made for they
should have a say in whatever
goes. out in order to produce
more.”

On agricultural loans, Mr
Owiti asked the Government to
write off loans given to farmers

during last year’s ‘drought. He
said most farmers lost all their
investment because of the
drought and were having dif-
ficulties in repaying the loans.
“Even if it is not everything, the
Government should write off 50
per cent.”

He further pointed out that
applications for loans took a long
time to be processed and asked

3400/358

that such exercises should be con-
ducted promptly so that farmers
could prepare their land for
planting.

Contributing to the same Bill,
Lurambi North MP, Mr Joshua
Angatia Said it was too expensive
to import yellow maize which he
called “unpalatable.”

Mr Angatia also suggested that
the money used for such imports
should be used to expand storage
facilities.

Said the MP: “We should build
our strategic reserves fo last us
two or three years. Why is it that
we cannot store food for more
than two years while traditionally

‘people used to store it for a long

time?” he asked.

Mr Angatia said there had been
exportation of cereals and
pointed out that. there were
people planning to export maize.

But on being challenged by an
Assistant Minister for

riculture to say who the people
with such motives were, Mr
Angatia said there was a shortage:
of beans last year because they
were exported under suspicious
circumstances.

He also pointed out that maize
was exported in 1979, causing the
food shortage in 1981.

23

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 May 85 p 4

[Text]

PARLIAMENT — The Minister of
the Budget in the House of Repre-
sentatives, Mr Andrew Julies, has
»given an assurance that no person
in the coloured “own affairs” ad-
-Ministration need fear any form
of discrimination on the grounds
sof race or colour.» -*

He said the rights of white offi

cials would be protected and they
need not fear for their careers
ahead. :
Coloured people in the service
of of the State and particularly those
the coloured affairs adminis-
iat could.be assured that
ing possible will be done
ts att)’ ‘their own aspirations to-
ft wards a Tewyarding career”.

! : Speaking in the Own Affairs
‘budget debate, Mr Julies said he
“was aware of “a measure of dis-

quiet” in the ranks of officials.
There. were whites in the ad-

‘ministration who felt threatened

because they believed their right-
ful interests wéuld not be seen to
under a “coloured” set-up.

Some coloured officials, on the
other hand, had high expectations
and were becoming impatient.

‘Mr Julies said he wished to dis-:

pel this uneasiness. It was his de-

sire to contribute to the creation,
of a happy and efficient public

service.
The accepted: policy was that
“own affairs” ‘administrations

should ideally be manned by per-

WHITE FEARS ALLAYED BY COLORED MINISTER
CSO: 3400/365

89

‘sons of the population group
served by the administration con-
cerned.:

It had therefore been written
into the new. personnel’ policy of
the administration of the House of
Representatives that ‘coloured

persons should get preference in

Appointments, promotions and
cements.

p

“But, not preference at any
price, not preference because of
‘the colour of a man’s skin, and not
preference if it means a }
of standards,” Mr Julies added.
~ “We cannot ignore ‘the princi-:

‘ples of merit and efficiency if we

‘wish to create and develop a pub-

- Tie service | which will | best serve

our peop!


JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

CHAD

HABRE FACED WITH DIFFICULT ECONOMIC SITUATION
ABO42118 Paris AFP in French 1147 GMT 4 Jun 85

[Text] Ndjamena, 4 Jun (AFP)--At the threshold of his fourth year in power,
Chadian President Hissein Habre is faced with a very difficult economic
situation, which particularly deteriorated within the past 18 months. The
commemoration of the fall of Ndjamena into the hands of the FAN on 7 June
1982 will therefore take place "in austerity," Chadian official circles

point out.

This deterioration is due to the joint effects of the state of war--open or
masked--against Goukouni Oueddei's Transitional National Union Government
{GUNT] backed by Libyan elements in the north of the country, the political
disturbances in the south, and the effects of the drought raging throughout
the country.

Agriculture and stock breeding, which represent 60 percent of the gross
domestic product, have particularly suffered during the same period. Cotton
production, the leading export commodity, fell by 35 percent during the
1984-85 harvest season which has just ended with only 97,000 tons, as com-
pared with the brilliant results of the previous year (158,000 tons). This
fall is attributed mainly to the clashes between Codos groups, opposed to
the Ndjamena regime, and the Chadian Army. These clashes have created an
atmosphere of insecurity inconducive to farming on the cotton plantations
in the south, it was explained at the Cotontchad [Chadian Cotton Industry]

headquarters in Ndjamena.

Drought caused a cereal deficit estimated in 1984 by the FAO at 300,000 tons
and emergency relief exercises had to be organized to supply the people with
basic foodstuffs (millet, sorghum, and rice) at the rate of 12,000 tons a

month,

Cattle--nearly 10 million head of cattle, according to IMF estimates--suffer
from lack of water, and the number is very difficult to estimate because
of the nomadic nature of the owners.

Furthermore, the occupation of the Borku-Enndi-Tibesti [BET] in the north has
provoked "forced migration of flock" toward the south, where the herds cause
considerable damage to farms.



while a more relaxed relationship even with Zim-
babwe was becoming apparent. The trend was
clearly towards greater stability in Southern Africa,
which also happened to be the central aim of the
American policy of constructive engagement. ‘So
these developments served to enhance the South
African Government's credibility in the United
States and also among West European govemments.
At the same time, the South African Government
could feel that it was achieving its aim of becoming
recognised as the dominant regional power in South-
em Africa — not only economically and militarily, but
also diplomatically — whose interests had to be ac-
cepted as paramount in regional affairs. In a typical
statement on this theme Foreign Minister Pik Botha
said in a published interview in August 1974: “The
fact of the matter is that we are a regional power in
Souther Africa . ... Any country wishing to deal
with us will have to take this reality, as well as our
reasonable concerns, into account.” Earlier, in Feb-
tuary 1984, Prime Minister P W Botha, arguing in
favour of co-operative relations in the region, had
said in Parliament, “South Africa is a major force in
the region and has no intention of apologising for its
economic, industrial and military strength.” ‘

POSITIVE WESTERN VIEW

On August 31 1984, on the eve of becoming State
President under the new Constitution, Prime Minis-
ter Botha addressed himself to the role of the super-
powers in Southern Africa, and he acknowledged
that they had “justifiable interests” in the region as
global powers. South Africa, he said, would not exert
itself against such interests, provided “they, in turn,
would not endanger South Africa’s essential regional
interests”. He then continued: “However, should
the superpower involvement be conducted in a man-
ner which the RSA perceives as threatening these
essential regional interests ... then the RSA will
continue to safeguard and advance its essential and
legitimate interests by all means at its disposal.”

The mood of détente in Southern Africa encour-
aged the United States and other Wester govern-
ments whose interests dictated that they should be
primarily concemed with stability and development
in the region. Their interests included a reduction of
Soviet influence, which would be an important
product of regional agreements, if successfully
implemented. It was on the basis of this positive
Western view of Souther African developments in
the first half of 1984 that Mr Botha was able to
arrange his important tour of West European capitals
in June. Not since the days of General Smuts, before
the National Party came to power in 1948, was a

72

South African leader able to undertake such an ex-
tensive series of official visits to countries overseas. It
appeared to many that South Africa was at last begin-
ning to emerge from political isolation.

There was, however, another factor which con-
tribuied to the willingness of these Western govern-
ments to meet the South African Prime Minister in
their own capitals, and to accept the domestic politi-
cal risks that it entailed for some of them. This was
the process of domestic reform which Mr Botha was
perceived to be pursuing with some success within
South Africa. While Western leaders generally had
been cautious in reaction to the new South African
Constitution, they had indicated that they welcomed
it as a step in the right direction, away from the rigid
policy of apartheid. Moreover, they recognised the
political cost that Mr Botha and his party had paid for
this and other steps in the reform process. Their will-
ingness that he should visit them was intended, at
least partly, to encourage him to continue along the
road of reform, But they also sought to take the
opportunity of persuading him of the need for faster
and more radical political changes in South Africa.

« Herein lay the rub! While Mr Botha was pre-
pared to discuss the changing relationships in South-
ern Africa and explain his constitutional: plans and
other reforms within his own country, he presumably
did not wish to have the emphasis in the discussions
placed on what still needed to be done to make
South Africa’s domestic political system more accept-
able to the West. It seems, from reports, that Prime
Minister Margaret Thatcher and Chancellor Helmut
Koh] tended to concentrate on South African dom-
estic developments, rather than on the regional situ-
ation and South Africa’s role as the major regional
power, which was Mr Botha’s main concern.

Thus, while the European tour was undoubtedly
an important foreign policy achievement at the time,
on looking back now, one can detect in those dis-
cussions the seeds of future problems. At the least
one can say that, while the tour proved to be the high
point of the upward phase in South Africa’s foreign
relations, it was also the turning point in the
country’s fortunes which went steadily downhill in
the second half of 1984.

STRAINED RELATIONS

The hopes raised for the process of constitutional
reform were greatly reduced by the disturbing elec-
tion campaigns for the two new Houses of Parlia-
ment, and by the resulting low percentage polls in
the coloured and Indian communities. The domestic
unrest which grew out of those elections continued
through the rest of the year. This period saw the



the case for investment.

It seems to me as an observer that most
of those who are concerned and are pro-
disinvestment don’t actually stand to lose
personally if disinvestment occurs. It is
much easier.to say suffering is a good thing
if icisn’t you who will suffer.

Murray: In domestic Barclays terms

do you find the pressures that are brought
to bear in relation to your involvement
with this part of the world embarrassing
or difficult?

Bevan: They are difficult and a bit tedious
but I look at the thing in reverse — that I am
very proud of the bank’s record in South
Africa. I think it has done a great deal. If
you take a simple example like the number
of black staff that serve in this bank com-
pared to some of the others, we are helping
tocreate a black middle class which can
only benefit South Africa. The bank’s em-
ployment practice is generally enlightened
and most of the Barclays staff would share
my view.

Murray: What do you see as the main
role of the financial institutions ~ par-
ticularly banks —in a country like South
AfricaP

Bevan: A bank is always the mirror of
the society it serves. Very generally, it
must try to conduct itself as a proper,
prudent organisation. It has to oil the
wheels of commerce and promote it. I
don’t think it is the job of the bank to
-make an enormous number of risk invest-
ments perse. The continental banks’ large
holdings in industrial companies are a result
of the Thirties and they would rather be
without them. What we can do is to try to
facilitate the development of business,
This is indirectly in our own interest as
small acorns grow into big oak trees and
we can play a useful role in this.

Murray: I have asked this particularly
against the background of the way the
American banks have burned their
fingers in Third World Countries. Some
categorise SA as part of the Third World,
others say it is part of the sophisticated, in-
dustrialised West. Where is South Africa
in your viewP

Bevan: I think there is no classification.
To put South Africa among the LDCs is

78

ludicrous, The reason Americans bumed
their fingers there was that they wentabout .
ike crazy looking
for business abroad
because of restric-
tions at home. They
let the marketeers
get too far ahead of
the bankers with the
consequences follow-
ing like night follows
day.
I don’t think you
. can draw any kind of
parallel with South Africa because itis so
totally different. For example, when Brazil
made its agreement with IMF a couple of
years ago, it had to reduce inflation from
200 per cent to 75 percent. To put South
Africa in that camp is clearly ludicrous.
Equally, it is a country that depends on
commodities. I would have thought Aus-
tralia would be a much better analogy.

Murray: There is, however, an inextric-
able trade link that SA has with the
SADCC countries up north. For ex-
ample, Mozambican currency is noteven
international tender in the accepted sense
of the word, yet many experts see our
long-term economic future integrated with
the rest of the region. Is there not value in
creating a currency area dominated by
the rand?

Bevan: If you're saying you have to be
linked to the rand to show you're respect-
able, I would have thought the argument
was false. People can form an impression
of the credit worthiness of a country. It
doesn’t have to be done through that sort of
link. I can see it would be extremely con-
venient if the Mozambique currency was
linked with the rand, because the Mozam-
bican economy in a sense would be con-
trolled from Pretoria.

Clearly that would make ita more
stable proposition and therefore easier
for a bank. However, if the Mozambican
Government adopted the right policies, .
that argument would be invalid.

Murray: You have other investments in
Southern Africa- Zambia, for example.

It appears you enjoy very good relations

with that part of the world.

Bevan: Yes. I think we were lucky because
we have been around in Africa fora long
time. After a while an institution instinc-



Briefs

Dependence on Farming 143
Czechs Ready To Trade 143
Housing Grant From Saudi 143
More Power to Chiefs 144
Beef Deal With Angola 144
Militia Pay 144



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

MUGABE PRAISES MALAWI LEADERSHIP

Harare THE HERALD in English 17 May 85 p 1

[Text]. The Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, yesterday expressed respect and esteem
for the inspiration and the manner in which Dr Kamuzu Banda had led his people

and consolidated Malawi's independence.

In a congratulatory message on the occasion of Dr Banda's 79th birthday, Cde
Mugabe said: "Under your outstanding and wise leadership, the people of Malawi
have enjoyed a high level of prosperity in a climate of real peacé and stability."

He commended the Malawian president for transforming his country into a "veri-
table breadbasket" in the region.

The Prime Minister expressed gratitude for the sacrifices and contributions
made by Dr Banda towards the removal of racist minority rule in Central Africa--
the then Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland--which denied the people of the
region genuine freedom.

"I continue to treasure the memories of the direct and substantial. assistance
which you personally rendered to my party in that difficult, but significant
early phase of the history of our war of liberation."

Cde Mugabe also thanked Dr Banda for the assistance given Zimbabwe by Malawi
during the drought. "The assistance you gave us, together with the recent good
rainy season, have combined to give our people hope."

He hoped the two countries would continue to cement the already strong ties
between them.

cso: 3400/370

106



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BARCLAY'S NATIONAL BANK CHAIRMAN DISCUSSES OPERATIONS

Johannesburg LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA in English First Quarter 1985 pp 85, 86,

88

[Interview with Sir Timothy Bevam, chairman of Barclay's Bank, by Hugh Murray]

[Text]

Tim Bevan is a regular visitor to South Ajrica -
at least two weeks a year — because he is a direc-
tor of Barclays National and “it is one helluva
important investment to us.” His visits have the
further purpose of keeping him abreast of politi-
cal developments. He needs to be able to deal
authoritatively with regular shareholder queries
about the bank’s investment in this country, par-
ticularly at the group’s annual general meetings.

His involvement is more than passing. Sir
Timothy was one of those present at the
March meeting at Leeds Castle, where leading
South African, American and European bust-
nessmen met the Philadelphian firebrand, Leon
Sullivan, to discuss critical corporate advances
in SA’s industrial relations.

An articulate, urbane Briton with a con-
siderable sense of humour, Sir Timothy was
interviewed by Hugh Murray.

Murray: How do you read the current
South African situation?

Bevan: There must be a great improve-
mentin the situation in that the govern-
ment for the first time is showing signs of
flexibility which it certainly hasn’t shown
before. If one takes something like the
Constitution, I would have thought it was a
watershed. It seems to an outsider that the
Constitution is rather like a camel —a horse
designed by a committee. I wouldn’t have
thought it is actually a very good one — but
presumably it has meant that the National
Party has depended for the first time on the

76

English-speaking vote. In this sense it rep-

resents a watershed.

Then, the fact that the President has
been abroad in Europe and has actually
talked and heard first hand what people
think is very important. I think there are
signs of the desirability of South Africa ex-
plaining herself abroad much more. The
South African Ambassador in London, Mr
Denis Worrall, is extremely good news. He
isa highly intelligent, highly articulate man
who can actually explain a lot of the diffi-

culties that are being
faced by South Africa
much more intelli-
gently.

Although I would
agree that the current
difficulties in the town-
ships must be a worry-
ing factor, if one goes
a stage back the fact
that the government
is worried, and

is showing itself more open to change, is

a very good thing. The average South

African is much more conscious of world

opinion. This must be good. South Africa

tends to regard itselfas being more harshly
judged by the rest of the world than is fair,

Just or reasonable. I suppose that is because

itis also regarded as basically a good

country. This, again, sounds derogatory
but is not meant to be, if you take a place
like Chile. You almost expect the Chileans
to behave badly. You don’t expect South

Africans to do so.


Asked about the source of funding for the mosques that’ are being built, he
said: "The money for the construction has come from collections from Moslems

of Asian origin and Africans.

There are now Moslems in Chitungwiza, Harare, Kwekwe, Bulawayo, Mutare, Ka-
doma and Karoi and more blacks going to the high-density areas of Chitungwiza
and Harare can be seen wearing robes and the Islamic kofia (cap).

There were no links with any other outside Islamic organisations, he said;
establishment of links was a long-term plan. But at a five-day Islamic youth
conference held in Harare towards the end of last year Moslem youths from
“various countries in Southern Africa alongside some from as far as Saudi
Arabia and Kuwait attended".

On their stand on the Iran-Iraq war--a war between Moslem countries=-Mr Ma~
homed said his organisation had no answer to such a question. "We pray that
the war will come to an end."

There are schools in Harare's Waterfalls where children are taught Arabic by
the imams (teachers). There was another school in Séke with about 50 children
and in the centre of the city there were five schools.

Asked about what Moslems did to ensure they were supplied with halaal meat (meat
slaughtered according to Moslem laws), he said that an arrangement had been
reached with the Cold Storage Commission and the Islamic Council of Elders
(majlis ulamah) and it had been agreed that meat destined for the Moslem
community should be handled by Moslems.

cso: 3400/364

102



COLORED COMMITTEES’ WIDER POWERS EXAMINED

JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 May 85 p 13

[Article by Frans Esterhuyse]

[Text] .CAPE TOWN — The
Cabinet’s decision to
grant management
committees wider

“executive powers is
regarded by some
politicians as a major
concession to meet
demands of coloured
leaders for effective par-
ticipation in local
government. .

Last night’s
announcement by Mr
Chris Heunis, Minister of
Constitutional
Development and
Planning, that such
powers are to be granted
came after repeated
demands in the House of
Representatives for

‘effective power-sharing

vat local government

“level. ‘

On several occasions
during the present ~
session of Parliament
coloured politicians
.warned that unless the
Government opened the
way for effective |
coloured participation in
local government, there
would be increasing
instability and unrest in
‘coloured areas.

‘One of the most serious
warnings on these lines
.was given by Mr David
Curry, Minister of Local
Government and Housing
iin the House of

Representatives.

' He told the House earlier
this year that under the
present system local
authorities were turning
middle-of-the-road

ople into radicals.

‘Mr Curry warned that
the attitudes of some
white local authorities
resisting coloured
participation in
decision-making would
wreck the country.
“Under such conditions,”
he said, “the left-wing
radicals in the coloured
community would say
that the white
‘community only
understood violence, not :
negotiation politics, not
ithe process of talking
‘across the conference
“table, not the process of
talking in a committee of
councils, not the process;
of good relationships.” :
It was Mr Curry .
took the lead in bringing
‘these urgent problems to
the attention of the
Government.

As chairman of a
parliamentary select
‘committee which
investigated aspects of
housing in the coloured
community, he pressed

for a system under which

87

coloured people would
have an effective say in
decision-making at local
‘government level. .
His committee, which re-
ported to Parliament
earlier this week
recommended that
management, local -
affairs and consultative
‘committees be granted
definite and wider
executive powers and
:that these powers be
binding and mandatory.
| These are the proposals
mow accepted by the
Government.

_ ‘Mr Heunis, announcing

this in the House of
Representatives
yesterday, said: “I find
myself in full agreement
2with these
“recommendations.

“TI therefore wish to an-
nounce that the Cabinet
decided to agree to these
bproposals,”

Behind Mr Curry’s pleas
ifor a better deal for
coloured people in local
pein were stories ©

rustration and despair

among coloured
communities in towns
and cities throughout
{South Africa. :

Hn debates in the House
of Re itatives there
‘have floods of
‘complaints about
attitudes of certain white



not been available in the original area
would obviously be an attractive plus.

Murray: How does the government
take decisions and make policies in re-
gard to your portfolio? There were a
number of very important things imple-
mented during February but they were
done piecemeal. I refer particularly to
Crossroads and to the question of 99-
year leasehold in Guguletu, Nyanga, and
so on, When one thinks of the package
that came out over a period of a month
almost on an ad hoc basis, one would
think that the government was merely
responding to pressure and that there was
no overall plan.

Viljoen: Well, I think the first point to be
made there is that the decisions regarding
Crossroads were not in a sens¢ new but
were different applications of policy. The
question as to whether a black township is
permanent or not is an overall policy matter
but its application to specific townships
might differ —and the availability in
principle of 99-year leasehold is a matter
of principle whose application in different
cases may differ. What was new in this
regard was the decision that the black
townships of Cape Town, Langa, Nyanga
and Guguletu, whose inhabitants were
expected to move to the new city of Kha-
yalitsha, were declared to-be permanent
and that 99-year leasehold was to be made
available in their case, as it was in many
other townships.

This was a result of the State Presi-
dent's decision that the coloured labour
preference policy with regard to the
‘Western Cape was to be dispensed with
and that 99-year leasehold, which was not
previously made available because blacks
were not really accepted as a permanent
part of the population of the Western Cape,
could in fact now become available.

It is unfortunate that the decision on
that matter was finalised at the moment
the trouble in Crossroads started. So, these
were not teally piecemeal decisions. The
basic decision had been taken by the Cab-
inet in October and we then started
working out to which townships this should
apply. Obviously, the first important areas
to be considered were the three Cape
‘Town townships and a change in policy
orientation had to be argued through and
accepted with regard to them.

55

Murray: What is happening generally in
regard to resettlement?

Viljoen: There was policy decision in
the early Sixties whereby black townships
within a 50-kilometre radius of national
states were to be phased out and trans-
ferred to sites within those national states.

Ina number of cases this was imple-
mented especially where the existing town-
ship was in need of upgrading — virtually
in need of complete modernisation—and

the influx control
legislation which has
created the impression
that urbanisation of
blacks is being im-
peded or avoided. I
think this is largely due
to the over-simplified
concept that urbanis-
ation can only take place in the present
metropolitan areas.

In recent years, the government has
come to realise that there is no question as
to whether blacks will become urbanised.
Urbanisation of blacks, as of all groups in
the population, is inevitable. It is not only
inevitable, it is desirable because urban-
isation is a natural form of accommodating
people as populations increase. You cannot
goon settling people in a rural pattern.
Urbanisation is also a form of accom-
modating people in terms of economic
dynamics, Therefore, the question is not
whether the blacks are being urbanised.
They are and will continue being urban-
ised. Itis only a question as to how and
where.

Murray: How long will it take to con-
vert from 99-year leasehold, where it
exists in the urban areas, to freehold?

Viljoen: I don’t foresee that it would take
very long. The technicalities for registering
a freehold title are rather more exacting and
more complicated than those for registering
99-year leasehold title. The main thing
which held up the practical introduction
and implementation of 99-year leasehold
was that the sites were not surveyed in the
fully accepted sense. If am informed,
though this is not part of my direct re-
sponsibility, the formal requirements with
regard to freehold do not differ much from
those for leasehold. So once leasehold is
there, moving on to freehold would be less



SUGAR MILLERS INTERESTED IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 85 p 31

[Text] SUBSTANTIAL in-

cso:

gar
millers to look again at
the feasibility of pro-
ducing ethanol.

The chairman of the
South African Sugar
Millers’ Association,
MrFR Jones, said yes-

at the associa-
tion’s annual general
meeting that “there
are no insurmountable
problems from a tech-

nical standpoint as the :

necessary know-how is

Of the fact that*South
Attica had committed
itself to the production
of fuel from coal, and
that . such develop-
| ments within the sugar
‘industry would have to
‘be discussed with the
oil companies.
“Yet another prob-
lem is that there is no

3400/345

shortage of petrol-in’,
“thé country and unless,
therefore, our ethanol
could be used as a die-
sel fuel extender we
would only aggravate
the existing surplus of
light motor fuel.

“One positive

“however is that ethanol !
could replace the high- .

ly toxic lead as an anti-
knock additive ‘in pe-
trol — a concept that is

sugar industry was be-:

‘evaluated,’. ‘Mr
Jones said, “so that we
can determine whether
or not it does present a

tal investment requir-

51

business opportunity -
‘and one that would
tract the sizeable capi-

-**Purning to the world
sugar -market, Mr
Jones said it remained
extremely depressed
with no prospect ofa
significant recovery in
the short term: World
sugar prices, he said,
had now reached their
lowest level in 15 years
and, in real terms,
were the lowest they
had ever been.

that there would be no
Price recovery before
the second . half
1986. :
There were increas-
ing ‘signs ‘within “the

se market of a shift

in demand from bulk
Taws to refined sugars.

JPRS“SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

RESTRAINT ON NDEBUGRE LIFTED--The chairman of the PNDC [Provisional National
Defense Council] has directed that the temporary restraint placed on Mr John
Ndebugre from performing functions of secretary of state be lifted. [Text]
[Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 31 May 85 AB]

JAPANESE CAR TRANSACTIONS SUSPENDED--The PNDC [Provisional National Defense
Council] has directed that all transactions by government organizations and
departments with the African Automobile Limited, agents for Mitsubishi
vehicles, should be suspended with immediate effect pending a thorough
investigation into the conduct of the company in respect to past and present
government orders. [Text] [Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT

5 Jun 85 AB] :

cso: 3400/375

13



Mr Meikle said ECM was waiting for the minefields to be cleared. Once it started
mining, he said, the company would not only sell the mineral to Zimbabwean
users but export it to other SADCC countries.

Meanwhile, it was also said in South Africa that Maputo had been looking into
the feasibility of starting a plant to smelt aluminium from raw bauxite but the
project had been shelved because of over-saturation and sluggish world prices.

csO: 3400/373

42



ROLE OF FOREIGN BANKS EXAMINED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 May 85 p 9

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Roger Gidlow, Professor of Business Economics at Witwatersrand]

[Text] T: TIME has come for SA

to reverse its past policy of
discouraging the presence
of foreign banks, says Rog-
er Gidlow, Professor of Business
Economics at the University of
the Witwatersrand, writing in the
May issue of the Bank of Lisbon’s
“Economic Focus”. . ‘
‘The restrictions on the entry of
foreign banks are out of step with '
‘the current policy of promoting
foreign investment. What is more,
(says Gidlow, this policy has been
out of step with the recent attitudes
towards foreign banks of numerous
industrial _ countries: The more
liberal admission of foreign banks |
could improve the Comper itiveness .
“of the local banking i , while
“introducin;
:The worl ngs of the foreign ef
-change market
‘facilitating dealings in forward
schange, and so perhaps. contribt

new technical skills. |

oversea se S holdin in several banks,
including Barclays and Stan
chave been reduced.
‘ The Commission argued that, be-
‘cause the deposits of a bank are
supplied mainly by local residents,
‘local investors should have a sub-
‘stantial equity stake, while the
funds of domestic banks are “part
‘of the national resources of a coun-
try”. But if one carries these argu-
‘ments to a Jogical conclusion, any
:foreign-controlled - business might
be deemed to be enjoying an unsuit-
sable presence in country. The
“presence of foreign banks in this
-country, argues Gidlow, can be at-
tributed to the f in investment
,of multinationals and other foreign
“firms, as well as ‘to the economic
-owth which has been recorded by
he economy over ‘a long:period of

time.

Gidlow rejects another argument
— that the contribution which new
foreign banks can make to techni-

‘ing to reduced exchange rate vola- | ‘cal and organising knowledge and

Third Rey
(Enquiry

1970). :The Report recommen

various steps to reduce the influ- |
lence of overseas banks over the '

}South African banking system. It
‘has provided the basis for the treat-
iment of foreign banks ever since.
«No new foreign banks have been
iestablished since that time, while

y. a - | o Skills in the financial field should be

The SA policy which virtually : -regarde

panned the entry of new banks into | ‘cant. The technical ski

the Republic vas based *- the i
of the Commission of |: useful in imy

to. Fiscal and Monetary | ‘ings of the forelgn e%

Policy. (published .in November i

led as relatively insignifi-
{ of foreign
banks could, for instance, play a
the work-
ge mar-
\ket in this country. A ‘number
jof bank participants in this market

‘ds - desirable, and ‘more -forei;
‘banks could help to alleviate
;Problem of credit. Jines “among
“banks in of forward ex-
“change business, It is similarly
‘doubtful whether foreign -banks
would largely Jimit their.activities

46



PROTECTIVE POWER

Security factors also have to be taken into
account when relations with the United States are
considered. A co-operative relationship is not re-
quired only for economic reasons, or for psychologi-
cal reassurance. South Africa may no longer be mili-
tarily dependent on any other country, but its
security is. nevertheless related to the protective
power which the United States is able to offer, both
in a general sense, as the Westem superpower, and
in regard to more specific threats facing South Africa.
For instance, in the UN Security Council the United
States, together with the United Kingdom, has used
its veto power to prevent the adoption of mandatory
economic and other measures against South Africa.

The one exception, which allowed the manda-
tory arms embargo to be adopted in November 1977,
serves to demonstrate the importance of this protec-
tive power and the implications if the protection
were removed. Moreover, within Southem Africa the
American commitment in the region serves as the

CSO: 3400/284

strongest deterrent against more aggressive adven-
tures by the Soviet Union which is unwilling to risk
confrontation with the United States in this region. It
would not be in South Africa’s interests, therefore, to
see the United States disengage itself from Southem
Africa, economically or politically.

The critical intensity of the current international
campaign on South Africa may not be sustained for
more than a few months. There may again be a rela-
tive upswing in the country’s international position
during 1985 and 1986, if there is some progress in
stabilising Mozambique, in the negotiations with
Angola and on Namibia, as well as concrete evidence
of further political reform through legislation in the
new Parliament.

An improvement in the economic .vndition of
the country will also make it easier to manage the
domestic and regional problems more confidently.
But neither the internal nor the external pressures
will go away, and some of these pressures will have
to be accommodated if the next downswing is not to
be longer and deeper.

75



JPRS~SSA~85-054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

SWEDISH AGENCY TO PROVIDE TRUCKS FOR RAILWAYS
Harare THE HERALD in English 23 May 85 p 4

[Text] The Road Motor Services.of the railways will receive 38 Scania trucks
worth about $3 million from Sweden. under a grant aid programme of the Swedish
International Development Authority.

Under the same programme the District Development Fund will receive 30 vehi-
cles for its rural development programmes.

The RMS trucks will be shipped to Zimbabwe this month and the DDF vehicles
are expected in about three months..

At a Press briefing this week on the development co-operation talks being
held in Harare between Sweden and’ Zimbabwe it was announced that Sweden. would
make available $9 million for a commodity import programme for the private
and public sectors.

The $9 million will come from a $43 million aid agreement that will be signed
between the two countries tomorrow.

The outgoing head of Sida in Zimbabwe, Mr Dag Ehrenpreis, said $5 million
would be for the public sector and $4 million for the private sector.

Mr Borje Ljunggren, who is heading the Swedish delegation to the aid talks,
said his country's aid programme for the two-year period July 1 this year to

June 30 1987 would be spent on health, education and transport and in public
administration sectors.

cso: 3400/368

137



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

BIG OIL PALM PROJECT FOR MWENEZI
Harare THE HERALD. in English 17 May 85 p 10

[Text] A decision by the Government about a ‘proposed $180 million oil palm
development in the Mwenezi district, Masvingo, province, is expected soon,
reports GMHL Investments Ltd.

This was confirmed this week by GMHL's managing director, Mr Brian Igoe. The
project was first announced over a year ago and has since been discussed with
a wide range of Government officials and committees.

Expected to provide employment for over 10 000 people, the development would,
said Mr Igoe, not only have a direct impact on Masvingo province, but would
also “represent the first major vote of. confidence in Zimbabwe by a consortium
of leading international investors, and must act as a catalyst for further
investment both in agriculture and other fields".

GMHL is a joint venture between locally-owned Masimba Investments (Pvt) Ltd
and Aberfoyle Holdings, the UK company which established the tea industry
in the Honde Valley.

The development will, if given the go-ahead, be operated by a GMHL subsidiary,
the Mwenezi Development Corporation, and be backed by Aberfoyle's major share-
holders, including four large City of London investment groups.

"It is hoped that the Government and other local interests will also partici-
pate and ARDA has been offered the right to acquire 25 percent of equity,"
said Mr Igoe.

The development is destined for land near Rutenga, which will be irrigated
from the proposed Manyuchi dam on the Mwenezi River to be built by the devel-
opers at a cost of more than $30 million.

The principal end-product of oil palms is palm oil, while by-products include
cattle concentrates. The plant takes about seven years to reach maturity when,
estimated Mr Igoe, they would yield oil worth $50 million a year at present
values. The scheme involves the construction of two 35 tonne per hour oil

mills.
CsO: 3400/369 .-.

130



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GHANA

LOAN AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH FRG
AB312034 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 31 May 85

[Text] Ghana and West Germany today signed a bilateral agreement in Accra
under which Germany is to offer Ghana a loan of DM10 million. It will be
used to improve the transport sector and the water supply system in the
country. The loan, which carries an annual interest rate of 0.5 percent is
repayable in 50 years with 10 years grace. The secretary for finance and
economic planning, Dr Kwesi Botchway, signed for Ghana, while the West
German ambassador, Mr Vogel, signed for his country.

The loan is the result of bilateral negotiations held in Bonn between the
governments of both countries in September last year. Dr Botchway described
the loan as the most important loan Germany has offered Ghana in the past 2
years. He disclosed that DM7.5 million of the amount would be used to pur-
chase spare parts for MAN and Mercedes Benz trucks being used in Ghana.

The remaining 2.5 million would go to Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation
for the purchase of equipment and spare parts to rehabilitate the country's
water supply system. Dr Botchway assured the ambassador that under the
economic recovery program, steps are being taken to improve the country's
export sector and to judiciously utilize existing credit facilities so that
Ghana will be in a better position to pay all her debts.

On his part, Mr Vogel pledged the determination of his government to con-
tinue to offer assistance to Ghana for the success of her recovery program.
Mr Vogel announced that another round of negotiations between his country
and Ghana would be held in Accra in September this year to examine which
areas Germany can offer further assistance to Ghana.

CSO: 3400/374



MINING INDUSTRY EFFORTS PRAISED

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 23 May 85 p 3

[Text] THE Government and the

cso:

imining industry should
continue to exert efforts
to control production costs
so that the industry can
remain competitive, the
Deputy Prime Minister,
Cde Simon Muzenda, said
in Bulawayo yesterday,

+. ‘Speaking at the official

opening of the 46th annual
meeting of the Chamber of
Mines, Cde Muzenda said

“was of vital importance
because none of the nearly
40.minerals Zimbabwe _pro-
duced was ‘sufficiently domi-
‘nant on the world market to
csignificantly influence pric-
‘ing and demand.

(Cde Muzenda said some of
the’ producers had so far
survived because of the de-
valuation of dollar
‘rather than through = any
notable improvement in unit
prices.

At the Same time, not
Much foreign currency was
locally available because of
increased external payments
for loans and interests,

““Our hope, thetefore, is to

3400/363

control local costs so as to
enable the establishment of
new mining projects which
are essential if we are to
carry the mining industry
into the 21st century,” Cde
Muzenda said.

He commended the mining

“*The uncertainties and
doubts experienced im the
‘early’ years of Independence
‘within the industry appear
to have been overcome and
‘replaced by what I believe to
be an air of mutual. confi-
, dence between the Govern-
‘ment and the mining indus-
“try. Hence, today, we have
an industry of which we are
_ all proud.” he said.

Speaking at the same
meeting “the Minister of
Mines, Cde Callistus

Ndlovu, called for more ex-

132

JPRS~SSA-85-054

27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

“ploretion and investment in

the mining industry.

He said the Lome III bet-
ween ACP countries and the
EEC countries concluded
last year contained wider
provisions that could help
the country’s mining sector
in, among other things, pros-
pecting, exploration and pro-
vision of funds for research.

He urged delegates to im-
prove the linkage b-tween
mining and manufacturing. ©

Cde Ndlovu said while the
Government acknowledged
the strides made by several
companies in training techni-;
cians, a lot remained to ‘be

- done in the training of high

level mining
personnel. !

He expressed disappoint-':
ment at the high level of
fatal accidents an the indus.

. ring the’ year ‘
people were killed:in 33 ac-
cidents mainly due to ground

management

falls, tripping and hoist
* failures. - Chronicle

Reporter-Ziana.



NEW MACHAVIE:

WORLD'S BIGGEST PRIVATELY OWNED MINE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 May 85 p 27

[Text] WHAT is said to be

cso:

the world’s biggest pri-
vately-owned — gold
mine will be opened in
the _ Potchefstroom
area within the next six

weeks, the chairman of ;

De Kaap Gold Mining
Company, Peter de
Jager, said at a Press
conference yesterday.

i
ie

pute
bs iJ

9

it

Le
:
i+3

3400/345

ings in the stopes

which on sampling have
yielded in excess of 50 g/t.
‘And at the closing of the
mine there was also 3 mil-
lion tons of reserves.” '
‘According to old min-

overall

g/t is being treated at the
moment. With even a low
recovery percentage of 40
it, Mr De Jager

“feels that R1,2-million

cash flow from gold re-
covered from material
teadily available for treat-
ment and by issue of
shares to the public.
“Although at this stage
the De Kaap manage-
ment feels that raising
money direct from the
public is more advanta-

_geous than applying for a

listing on the developing
capital market sector of
the Johannesburg Stock
Exchange, our intention
is to apply for a listing as
soon as possible,” Mr De
Jager said. .

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Professor Discusses Views on Facing Disinvestment Threat
(David Welsh; LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA, First Quarter)...

Desmond Tutu Gives Views on Nation's Business Disenchantment
(Bishop Desmond Tutu Interview; LEADERSHIP SOUTH

AFRICA, 1985)..sseeeceeeeeee

Professor on. Regional Developments, Observations for Future
(John Barratt; LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA, 1985)......eseee

Barclay's National Bank Chairman Discusses Operations
(Timothy Bevam Interview;. LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA,

1985) cc ees eccccsceeceerrecsereeeeseaeseseeseceeseeneeees

Government Anxious To Avoid Link With Renamo
(David Braun; THE STAR, 18 May 85).....cceceecesecescens

NIC Executive Member Examines Possibilities of Reconciliation
(H. M. Coovadia; SUNDAY TIMES, 19 May 85).....eceeeceees

ANC Signals Major Shift in Tactics
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 22 May 85)..ceseeessccecceceeccees

New Urbanization Plan Laid Before President's Council
(THE STAR, 24 May 85)..eccececcecccceccscescessseeceeees

Colored Committees’ Wider Powers Examined
(Frans Esterhuyse;. THE STAR, 23 May 85)..ceceseseeesceee

White Fears Allayed by Colored Minister

(THE STAR, 24 May 85) .ccecesceccencseccccccencscvccsvece

Regional Towns for Families of Black City Workers Proposed
(THE STAR, 24 May 85)..csecesedecccvccccevcvseececeesees

Mixed Worship Dilemma of: Afrikaans Churches
(Hans Pienaar; SUNDAY TIMES, 19 May 85)...eeeesecesseoee

Secret Body Controls Stellenbosch Campus Newspaper Politics
(THE STAR, 25 May 85)..cccececcecccecccencceccensceecsees

Lenasia's Police Station Opened
(THE STAR, 24 May 85)..cccsceccceccecccccceeseeeceseeees

Briefs

Sishen-Saldanha Project
Labor Preference Policy
Durban, Transvaal Rail Link
Beltel Information Service

Direct Flight

Estates Sequestrated and Companies Liquidated

Smuts Upgrading

-d-

60

65

70

76

81

83

85

86

87

89

90

91

93


Tutu: I think there are quite a few things
that could happen which would be very
good indicators that apartheid was being
dismantled. We could get rid of influx con-
trol, we could have the pass laws abolished,
even if there was a phasing out to avoid
chaos. There is no reason whatsoever

why forced population removals should
continue. There is no reason why the
government should not say firmly that we
are all South Africans. You could, in one
fell swoop, mow down some of the funda-
mental pillars of apartheid. Once we see
that we are all South Africans, then the
Bantustan policy has gone fora loop. If this
has gone fora loop, you can’t have forced
population removals. Nor will you have the
kind of things that have happened in the
Cape. There is unrest, people are killed,
and then piecemeal we get things. Why
should these things come on an ad hoc
basis? :

Murray: Butdon’t you think these things
all contribute to the mood of change? Are
they of no value —even on an ad hoc
basis?

Tutu: I think they are counter-productive
because people see that the only time they
get movement out of the government is
when there is unrest that precedes it. You
will remember that in 1976 the government
was told that Afrikaans as a medium of
instruction was an irritant and told not to
enforce it. Treurnicht, who was then re-
sponsible as a deputy minister, refused

to listen to reason. So we had an outbreak
of violence. After that, with the cost
measurable in human lives and destroyed
property, the government said it would not
enforce Afrikaans. Therefore, people be-
lieve the government will not make con-
cessions unless they are forced to do so by
the outbreak of violence and unrest.

At the present time Dr Viljoen could
just as well have explained when he said
the government was not going to tolerate
Crossroads, that it was planning to upgrade
the area— which is what he came out with
two weeks later. It would have been so
much more statesmanlike if he had given
the impression of someone who was in
charge and knew what he was about; if
he had said at the beginning of the year
that he wanted to ensure that the health
of people was not affected, and therefore
government would not tolerate overcrowd-
ing, but would speed up the process of

67

upgrading Crossroads, giving the people a
sense of security and permanence. Then
there was the question of 99-year leases for
the black people in the neighbouring areas.
Well if 99-year leases, why not freehold? It
seems that these changes are really be-
grudged, you know.

That is what is so distressing. Similarly
with the things that the State President has
said. If we didn’t have a history of broken
promises, some of the things that he has
said would have been accepted as wonder-
ful overtures preceding a time when maybe
there would be a liberalisation from op-
pression. But no sooner had he made those
statements and said the government was
willing to give a conditional release to
Nelson Mandela and others, when mem-
bers of his administration went around and
arrested the leaders of an organisation that
everyone admits is a very effective oppo-
sition, but also an opposition that has been
working above board and trying to use
peaceful means.

Murray: If you look at all of these things,
would you say that your two-year dead-
line is reasonable?

Tutu: Itshould come about. Afterall, I
did not say that the whole system should
be dismantled by then. I am saying that we
should be well on the way to dismantling

it. There are key things that would demon-
strate that there was the intention and the
will.

Murray: You have been very widely
quoted on what to some people would

seem to be an unrelenting commitment -

to disinvestment. I see in reading your
enthronement charge'that your view is a
contrary one and that if there were posi-
tive signs you would advooate an increase -
ininvestment. ‘"  ~ os

Tutu: Itis very much the story of the boy
who saw a flight of geese and said to his
mother, “Look at those gooses!” His
mommy said, “No, those are not gooses
darling, we call them geese.” And he says,
“Oh well they still look like gooses to me.”
So, you hear what you want to hear.

Murray: Are you worried about your
image at the moment?

Tutu: I would like to be loved. But I think
that I have one advantage over any white



JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

OKONDO CRITICIZED FOR IMPORTATION OF RESTRICTED GOODS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 9 May 85 p 5

[Text] The Minister for Commerce

cso:

and Industry, Mr Peter.
Habenga Okondo, was
accused of allowing massive
imports of restricted

when equivalents are being
manufactured in Kenya.

He was thus crippling Kenya’s
industries and defeati: the
Ggvernment’s industrial and
employment policies, said several

Whatever Mr Okondo tried to
say, in reply, was ted with
loud accusations he was
working for the downfall of
Kenya’s industrialists. “Shame!”
MPs shouted.

Speaker after speaker told the
House that Kenya’s industrialists
who are funded through the
Industrial and Commercial
Development Corporation and
the Kenya Industrial Estates now
faced imminent collapse became
imports were throttling locally-
made products.

‘Said Mr Charles Rubia
(Starehe): “It is bad for a
Minister of the Government to
stand here in the House and
condemn our products.”

Mr Rubia told the House that
Kenya’s ceramics industry was
about to close down due to lack of
market. He said Kenya produced
extremely high quality ceramics
and yet the market was full of
imported ceramics.

But Mr Okondo told the house
that his Ministry allowed certain
categories of the restricted
imports. On ceramics, he said, he
had personally dealt with the
matter since it was now very

3400/352

serious. He said“the quality of
ceramics around the world was so
diverse and high that those
iproduced in Kenya were of
relatively lower quality.

But Mr Rubia shot up.on a
point of order and said this was
not correct. The. ceramics
produced in Kenya were as
‘as anywhere in the world, he said.
“Where are we going to sell these
products?” Mr Rubia asked.

Earlier Mr Matu Wamae
Mathira, had risen on a point of
order and said that if the current
policies were not adhered to,

‘enya’s industries would close.

Mr Wamae pointed out that
one factory — Kawaida — had
been closed and J.D. Brothers
were importing carpets of the
kind produced in: Kenya because
they were putting up a hotel here.

Mr Wamae wondered what
standards the Minister was
talking about whose standards
they were and for whom?

‘The exchanges were sparked off
by a question by the Mbooni MP,
Mr Joseph Munyao, who wanted
to know whether the Minister
aware that the continued impor-
tation of restricted was
adversely affecting the local
industries.

Mr Okondo said he was not
aware that restricted goods were
being imported. He said,
however, certain restricted but
high-quality goods, like carpets,
were allowed in.

But Mr Munyao disagreed,
saying the Ministry had’ been
licensing wholesale imports of the
kind locally produced.

Mr Munyao cited J.D. Brothers

22

as having imported carpets worth
Sh4 million and Menengai
Drapers carpets worth 6
million,

But Mr Okondo pleaded with
the MPs, saying it was a most
sensitive matter which should be
handled: extremely carefully. ”

‘The Deputy Speaker, Mr
Samuel arap Ng’eny, who was
then: in the Chair, told. the
Minister that the mood of the

fouse showed the MPs were dis-
satisfied with the answer Re hed
given.Could he go and do
homework and make a
Ministerial statement, Mr
Ne’eny advised Mr Okondo.


JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DESMOND TUTU GIVES VIEWS ON NATION'S BUSINESS DISENCHANTMENT

Johannesburg LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA in English First Quarter 1985 pp 62, 64,

67

{Interview with Bishop Desmond Tutu, 1984 Nobel Peace Prize Winner; by Hugh

Murray]
There are few people in South Africa as con-
troversial as the new Bishop of Johannesburg,
Desmond Tutu. Among many whites — even
members of his Anglican flock — he is regarded
as a man who has caused untold damage to his
country. To others, and particularly blacks, he
is a symbol of hope — a worthy recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize.

The difficulty, it seems, is to be recognised as
@ prophet in one’s own country. While the pol-
itical overtones of the Peace Prize can bring into

[Text]

question the justification of its award to several *

recipients, thinking South Africans have histori-
cally been full of admiration for the Lech
Welesas, the Sakkarovs, the Luthulis and others
who have been so honoured.

There can be no doubt that Desmond Tutu
is similarly admired by many world leaders,
and he has certainly taken advantage of his
ionisation to attack apartheid and its advo-
cates with extraordinary vigour in very influ-
ential quarters.

The conviction of some that the Bishop has
sold SA down the river on the disinvestment
issue is hotly contested by the man himself. In
this interview, Leadership publisher and editor,
Hugh Murray, attempts to come to grips with
the man widely tipped to become Archbishop of
Cape Town within the next year or so.

Murray: The job of Bishop of Johan-
nesburg with the emphasis on pastoral
work is very different to your former
position at the South African Council of
Churches. What sort of adjustments are
necessary?

Tutu: Iwasa bishop when I was general
secretary of the SACC and had a pastoral

responsibility there, mainly towards my
staff. I was also looking after a parish in
Soweto, so I was able to exercise pastoral
responsibility. Obviously there are differ-
ences and similarities. I was doing a lot of
administration in the SACC and there isa
lot of administration involved here. I used
to see quite a lot of people in the SACC, I
am still going to be seeing a lot of people.
An important difference is that I have
decided to cut down very drastically on
overseas travel, It was easier at the SACC
to be away, because in order to raise funds
you had to go abroad where the funds
came from. But in Johannesburg an absent
bishop is not much good to anybody and
therefore I have decided I will turn down
virtually every invitation that will take
me out of South Africa~at least in 1985.

Murray: That must be a very difficult
decision when one considers the demands
on you as the Nobel Peace Prize winner?
It gives you an internationality which is
much wider than before.

Tutu: Well, yes. There are some things I
would really have loved to do, but I think
my priority is here. For instance, I was
invited by the governments of E] Salvador
and Nicaragua to visit. This is something
I would love to do—to help in whatever
way I can to bring the warring factions in
those countries together. But my place is
here. Here are very, very many people,
especially in the white community, who
don’t really know me and what they do
know of me is what the media has pre-
sented to them. So there is a fair degree of

65



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

CHIDZERO EASES FREEZE ON REMITTANCES
Harare THE HERALD in English 22 May 85 p 1

[Text] The Government has increased foreign exchange allocations for the
second half of this year by 30 percent and has lifted the suspension on the
remittance of dividends and of branch and partnership profits.

The Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development, Dr Bernard Chid-
zero, told a news conference yesterday that the Government had completed an
extensive review of the balance of payments and had decided to ease exchange
control restrictions.

"It is the Government's view that in the light of the improving balance of pay-
ments situation, resulting mainly from a strong expansion in exports, the first
priority is to increase the global foreign exchange allocation in order to
sustain the economic recovery that is now beginning to take place in the
economy."

The 30 percent increase on the first half of the year "should certainly pro-
vide for significant increases in imports in real terms, which are needed if
production and employment are to expand and the economic upturn is to be sus-
tained".

All dividends, branch and partnership profits declared-since April 1 1984
and paid into the special suspended dividends accounts with the banks and any
dividends declared between now and December 31 1985 will be released from
January 1 1986.

They will be released through the already established procedure of 4 percent
interest with the capital amounts released over six years in equal annual in-
stalments.

The original dividend policy before the March 1984 suspension would be’ rein-
stated in January 1986, with remittability on the basis of a maximum 50 per-
cent of after-tax profits.

Cde Chidzero said the remittability of incomes other than dividends, branch
and partnership profits were still being reviewed by the Government.

141



relation whatsoever to the realities of the
South African situation. I would say the
modern Afrikaner is the Afrikaner who tries
to find a balance between the ideal which
he still strongly tries to implement but also
the realities which have to be taken into
account.

Murray: Isn’t the reality which you talk
about the breakdown of apartheid?

Viljoen: In the sense of an absolute
ideology, namely that everything can be
solved by complete separation of people.
(though this was a concept propounded by
a very few) yes. If there is a breakdown of
anything, it is a breakdown of absolute,
unqualified ideological commitment to
separation as the total solution to the
problem.

I think what we have come to realise
is that while separation or differentiation
still has an important part to play, is an
important component of the solution, there
are many areas in which togetherness and
sharing of opportunities and power, play an
important part. And this, of course, is at
complete variance with the originial and the
ideological concept of apartheid.

Murray: On the spiritual side of people’s
lives, there appears tobe another very .
important thing happening. Cardinal
McCann has been succeeded as Roman
Catholic Archbishop of Cape Town by
Stephen Naidoo, Bishop Buthelezi is the
Bishop of Bloemfontein, Desmond Tutu
is Bishop of Johannesburg. A lot of white
people are finding, particularly among
Catholics, Anglicans and Methodists,
blacks as their elected spiritual leaders.
This must also create an authority which
is very different from the past. I wonder
how thatis going to work through the
system?

Viljoen: I think itis going to work through
onall levels. The fact is there are increas-
ing numbers of interfaces between the
different racial groups, starting on the more
sophisticated levels but becoming more
common on the lower levels, even on the
shop floor. Many of the blacks on the pro-
duction floor are people with an education,
witha training, a sophistication and a broad
interest. The interfaces between the racial
groups are affected by the changing mutual
perceptions of each other.

58

Murray: Ifyou were asked to sum up the
future of South Africa’s black people, how
would you do it? :

Viljoen: I think their happiness and the
quality of their life will depend very largely
‘on the success with which they bridge the
change from a traditional background to

a moder urbanised, industrialised life-
style.

Can they, in this process, succeed in
accepting new values without completely
being uprooted from their traditional
values? But this is a matter I think for black
communities themselves.

Itis nota matter on which other people
can pontificate or decide. The second issue
involves the willingness of blacks and
whites to find a moral and political self-
expressionism.

In this respect, I cannot see that any
meaningful, constitutional reform can
be implemented unless it deals with the
realities of population diversity, of national
diversity in South Africa, and the unde-
niable commonality of interests.

I think another prerequisite for suc-
cessful constitutional reform is that it
should not imperil the continuation of
those standards in law, in politics, and in
the social and economic field which have
been achieved in South Africa. I think that
itis in the interest of all population groups
that the power structures should be
balanced in such a way that they do not
impair the maintenance of those standards
that we have achieved.

Murray: Letus say that aman moves
through the academic world to the level
that you achieved in your university
career, and is prevented because of Group
Areas from living in an area where he and
his children will rub shoulders with people
of similar professional status. What should
happen to himP

Viljoen: In order to ensure white will-
ingness to accept really meaningful reform,
differentiation of residential areas and
differentiation on the school level of
education are vital. If in these two areas,
the issue were to be forced 1 am quite
convinced that there would be a complete
standstill in reform. This is an area where
realists have to accept the stated policy of
P W Botha.



He noted that the relations which were established by the late President Jomo
Kenyatta and Josip Tito have continued to flourish and strengthen for the |
benefit of the two peoples.

During the discussions, President Moi briefed his host on situation in
several parts of Africa, including the Horn of Africa and the recent
developments in the Sudan.

The Kenya delegation at the discussions included Ministers Nicholas Biwott,

Peter Okondo, Elijah Mwangale, Maalim Mohamed, and several senior government
officials.

CSO: 3400/380

15



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

KISIERO CRITICIZES MARXIST UNIVERSITY LECTURERS
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 9 May 85 p 5

[Text] Long bearded people with Marxist persuasion should not be employed
as lecturers in Kenya's universities, an. Assistant Minister for Commerce
and Industry, Mr. Wilberforce Kisiero, said.

Kisiero said such people were not suitable for Kenya as they would mislead
students with their Marxist ideas. :

Contributing to the Universities Bill, the Assistant Minister cautioned that
recruitment of lecturers should be done carefully.

University lecturers should have a sense of respect for the country and an
understanding of its problems.

"Fellows with foreign ideas and Marxists..such people are not suitable for our
country," he said.

The Minister for Energy and Regional Development, Mr. Nicholas Biwett said
the aspect of the bill was to provide guidelines for effective administration

of the university.

He said there was need for lecturers to interact. They should be true nation-
alists who did not sing the tune of outsiders. "In our university, we should
teach Kenyan politics and our philosophy", he said.

The MP for Mumias, Dr. Elon Wameyo urged the Minister for Education, Science
and Technology to rewrite the Universities Bill, currently being debated, with
a view to amending it to remove all anomalies.

Wameyo said that there was no point of having one central admissions committee
for all the universities.

He pointed out several clauses which should be amended and asked the minister
to re-write the Bill.

An Assistant Minister for Co-operative Development, Bishop Alois Olmoch,
praised the inclusion of the establishment of private universities in the Bill
saying it would provide facilities for students who were not admitted into pub-
lic universities.

csO: 3400/353
32



VILJOEN DISCUSSES KEY AREAS OF MINISTRY

JPRS~SSA=85-054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA in English First Quarter 1985 pp 10, 12,

14, 17

{Interview with Hugh Murray by Dr Gerrit Viljoen]

{Text]

The Minister of Co-operation and Develop-
ment, Bee vi , 4s pivotal to govern-
ment policy-making.

As former chairman of the Afrikaner Broe-
derbond and Rector of Rand Afrikaans Uni-
versity, he earned a reputation for keeping
abreast of reality, and even before his entry to
active politics four years ago was in the fore-
front of political reform.

Much of the change in the Broederbonds

approach — from deeply conservative and secre-

wre, to modern atid more open — can be attri-
buted to his years at the helia. It is said that he
is having a similar effect on the government.

Leadership publisher and editor, Hugh
Murray. spent several hours with Dr Viljoen at
his home in Pretoria during a weekend late in
Marck. His impression was of a new minister
trying to come to grips with reasons for the
extraordinary disturbances and township viol-
ence raking the country.

Though any speculation about a successor to
President Botha is clearly premature at this
stage, Dr Viljoen must be one of those whose
name will go into the ballot when the State
President decides to retire.

Murray's wide-ranging interview with Dr
Viljoen contains important thinking from gov-
ernment on key areas of his portfolio — espe-

cially with regard to urbanisation, influx -

control and re-settlement.
Murray: The government has moved a

52

long way away from its previous stand on
urban blacks. It seems quite committed to
having a straight look at urbanisation and
making an honest attempt to come to grips
with this problem. What are your priori-
ties as far as urbanisation is concerned?

Viljoen: I think there are two pillars on
which reform is to be built. The one is the
revision of the present influx control sys-
tem which depends largely on Section 10.1
of the Black Urban Areas Consolidation
Act. According to this, the grounds on
which a black person might rightfully be
present in the urban areas are defined.
Thie government has realised two
things. First of all, influx control legislation
in many cases does not effectively bring
about control. Secondly, it has been proven
to have the negative effect of avoiding
or obstructing the urbanisation of black
people. :
One important thing to which the gov-
emment has committed itself is revision of
the present influx control legislation and to
reformulate it in keeping with the guide-
lines that were proposed by the Riekert
Commission in the late Seventies. The
settlement of blacks in urban areas should
be based simply on two main precepts:
whether there is a job for the person and
whether there is acceptable housing. We
are in the process of finalising this revision
and I hope that by the middle of the year
we will be able to submit a new Bill to the
Standing Committee dealing with con-
stitutional matters.



was clear was that Tipis,.Kamwaro-and
other critics of Ntimama, while seemingly
restraining Sempele, exploited the inci-
dent as a demonstration of how much
Ntimama had lost the confidence of the
Narok people. Most observers felt
Kamwaro, Sempele and the others were
merely being used by Tipis to test the
water before Tipis made up his mind
whether personally to challenge Ntimama
or to sponsor someone else-

Tipis’ demeaning remarks about the
branch post, made at a Kanu recruitment
rally in Narok, were surprising to most
‘political observers. First of all, it is widely
held in the country that netional. party
elections will follow soon after the
grassroots elections which Tipis said he
would not contest in Narok. What
guarantee does Tipis have that he will be
re-elected at the national level? Should
that not happen, he could easily find
himself with no post at any level within
the party. ‘ :

Yt is true that one can contest a national
party office without being elected to a
branch post first, and many have done so
in the past. Most politicians, however,
prefer to be elected at the branch level
and then resign the lesser posts if they are
elected to national office.-This has several
advantages. The first is the assurance it
gives them of their unquestionable
support at the local level, giving them the
mandate to act as the political spokesmen
of their home districts. The second is the
enhancement of their stature as credible
candidates for national office. Delegates
at the party conferences where national

elections are held often vote as district
blocs. Hypothetically, it is possible for a
candidate who had been rejected by his
district to find enough support from other
districts to win a national office, but such

cases are more the exception than the’

tule. In‘a fair election, most districts
would be tempted not to support a can-
didate who does not have the backing of
his own dist.ict. It is for th.s reason, for
instance, that the Nyeri branch of the.
party has been insisting on electing the:
vice-president of the party, Mr. Mwai
Kibaki, as chairman of the branch in the
coming grassroots elections, following
which the branch would support his
re-etection to the vice presidency.
.Should he win re-election, then he
can resign from his branch post.

Tipis’ apparent arrogance seemed
hardly justifiable. At the time of his first
election as national treasurer in 1966, he
was the branch chairman in Narok.
Although still the national treasurer at
the time of the grassroots elections in
1976, Tipis put up a spirited defence of
the Narok chairmanship against
Ntimama and even tried to use party
headquarters machinery
unconstitutionally when it became clear
he would lose to the newcomer, which he
did. Apparently, he did not think it below
his stature or dignity to put up such a
spirited fight for the branch post then
although he was a national official of the

party.

It seems unlikely that anyone will be
returned unopposed at the national elec-
tions, except the president himself. There
have been some calls for the vice-
president to be returned uriopposed, there
have also been signs that there are people
who would not like to see that happen.

This makes it difficult to understand why“
Tipis seemed so sure.he would retain his
seat, but he is wary of jeopardising his
‘image by contesting the Narok chair-
manship in case he should lose again. By
keeping out of the race and sponsoring
somebody else, Tipis would ensure his
image remained intact when he sought re-
election at: national, level. Alternatively,
the minister may have merely been
making a tactical move to keep the others
guessing, with the hope of taking on
Ntimama in the last minute, should the
situation seem to favour him. Such
sudden changes of mind are.common in
politics.

Whatever the case, the new squabbles
in Narok have opened up political wounds
that seemed to be on the mend in the past
two years or so. Signs of rapprochement
between Tipis and Ntimama, the two
traditional political opponents in the dis-
trict, began appearing just before the
nominations for the 1983 general elections
when Ntimama decided at the last
minute not to contest the Narok North
parliamentary seat held by Tipis, or to
defend the chairmanship of the Narok
County Council, which he had held for
over a decade. Ntimama’s subsequent
appointment as chairman of the National
Housing Corporation was seen as a reward
from the president for giving way to one of
the president’s closest friends, Tipis.

18



On Wednesday the open business session dealt. with Government expenditure and
how to control it and the development of small-scale industries in rural areas.

The two motions were tabled by the Harare branch and provoked an outburst of
protest from the Minister of Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Cde
Eddison Zvobgo, who described the motion on the need to control Government
spending as, at best, a mischievous and one-sided presentation.

The paper, he said, isolated Zimbabwe from the rest of the developing Third
World in similar situations.

Earlier, Cde Malianga replied to criticisms that Government spending left lit-
tle else for the productive sectors of the economy.

The Government, Cde Malianga said, had inherited a system that had neglected
vital areas of public life in the fundamental spheres of education and health
which it now sought to correct.

The Government also had a duty to improve economic infrastructure, such as
roads, to attract investors to the vital, but undeveloped, rural areas.

Cde Malianga said that while promoting development needing large investment, his
ministry kept the expenditure monitored to ensure it posed no threat to the
economy ‘as a whole.

The Deputy Minister of Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Cde Jane
Newenya, opened yesterday's business by presenting the paper on employment
creation in Zimbabwe, saying that of the 74 000 school leavers who entered the
labour market in January, 32 857 had been sent to training, vocational or tech-
nical colleges to learn skills or to university.

cso: 3400/370

139



ANC SIGNALS MAJOR SHIFT IN TACTICS

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 22 May 85 p 2

[Text]

‘The ANC, which is soon to hold its first full congress in'16 years,
has signalled a major shift in tactics. Faced with an effective
fevering’ of; its supply-lines from the’ horth and a sustained

in of internal black resistancé,. the ANC. is shifting its

en
romoting general insurrection and an Iranian-styte popular upris-
Pig Since the signing of the Nkomati accord tersecs’ gon
Africa and Mozambique in March last year the ANC has been
tnder’ pressure to review its strategy. Early this year the ANC
leadership called for the townships to be rendered “ungoverna-
ble” and turned into fo-go aréas or “‘liberated zones”. *
Flushed by the success of this strategy in the past four months,
the ANC executive committee issued a further statement at the
end of last month in whictt it spoke of the ‘astonishing speed”
of events inside the country, preparing the way for a “‘revolution-
ary leap”” towards poplar power. .°
The statement called for:- +” .
@ workers to work towards a “long-lasting” work stoppage.
© black céminunitigs'to replace “stooge councils” with people's
communities. *
@ youth crime prevention units to curb ‘‘anti-social elements”
Sv divthe townships. - : : :
‘blacks participating. in government platforms to resign.
@ black policemen and soldiers to refuse to carry out orders and
2 “secretly tuén their guifis against their masters’’.
@, sympathetic whites, to, refuse ‘national ‘service. and join the
liberation struggle, -

“ThE only refererice fo arrtied struggle was a call on Umkhonto
we: Sizwe.- the ANC’s military wing ~ to ,intensify its struggle
and concentrate its action against defence, and police targets
afd’ to stréngther| the “internal political revolutionary bases.””
Collectively the statement represents a dramatic swing away from
the armed struggle and towards a popular uprising through civil
disobedience, revolutionary tactics and industrial action - a policy
envisaged by President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia and Mozam-

bique’s President Samora Machel. after Nkomati. In the new,

strategy the indiscriminate killing of civilians is not on the agenda,
though black collaborators would continue’ to be the targets of
mob violence until mass resignations were achieved.

_ After debate about the conflict, between advocating disinvest-
ment and economic sanctions against South Africa on the one
hand and a worker-led revolution on ‘the other, the ANC has
finally decided strongly to re-affitm its advocacy of sanctions

CSO: 3400/371

ind resoutves frdm the 25-year-old armed struggle to .

. admission of whites to the ANC execut
tmembers such as Dennis Goldberg who have agreed to renounce

and the total isolation of the South African economy. The
Prospect of contacts between leading South Africa businessmen
and the ANC leadership -' something progressive businessmen.
such as Premier. Milling’s Tony Bloom, and othets have been
advocating - is thus implicitly rejected for the time being. .

With the situation inside South Africa providing a rallying
polit for its membership, potentially divisive decisions about the
ind what to do about

Violence, are not expected to be so difficult. *

Another significant development in the anti-apartheid ranks is
the “creeping truce” between the United Democratic Front, a
non-violent anti-apartheid front loosely aligned with the ANC,
and the -Azanian Peoples Organisation (Azapo), an offshoot of
black consciousness, which advocates a more radical vision of a
socialist Azania. Bishop Tutu has been instrumental in bringing
the two groups together following infighting which has led to a,
number of deaths: Attempts to include Chief Buthelezi’s Inkatha
organisation in the black unity talks have been less successful.

85



The President told the officers they had learnt much of what a soldier was

required to know and advised them to start their work: with determination to
protect the country's boundaries and help to improve the image of the Kenya
Army now and in future.

He reminded the officers of the need to abide by the oath of allegiance they
had taken.

Paying tribute to the leadership in the Kenya Army under the Chief of General
Staff, Gen. Jackson Mulinge, President Moi said the exemplary. leadership had
given the army a good name in the eyes of the public and advised the new offi-
cers to emulate the example.

President Moi said those countries whose armies had gone against the discipline
required of the armed forces had run into problems which threatened to extend
to other generations.

President Moi thanked the college's commandant, Brig. D. I. Opande, and his
staff for the good work they had done to give the officers adequate training
and assured them that the country was proud of them.

The ceremony was also attended by the Minister of State in the Office of the
President, Mr. Justus ole Tipis, a Permanent Secretary in the Office of the
President, Mr. Joseph Muliro, the Chief of General Staff, General Mulinge, the
Commander of the '82 Air Force, Lt. General Mohamed, the Commander of the
Kenya Navy, Major General Mbilu, the Deputy Commander of Kenya Army, Major
General Lengees, an Assistant Minister for Health, Nahashon Nfuno, the Nakuru
mayor, Coun. Daniel Kanyi, the Rift Valley Provincial Commissioner, Mr. Heze-
kiah Oyugi, and the Nakuru District Commissioner, Mr. Simon Tetu.

President Moi yesterday at State House, Nakuru, received shs. 80,000 towards
the National Famine Relief Fund from the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, adds KNA.

The cheque for the amount was presented to the President by an Assistant ‘Min-
ister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Philip Leakey. Receiving the cheque, Presi-

dent Moi told Leakey to pass his best wishes and gratitude to the trustees
of the foundation.

cso: 3400/353

39



slow down economic activity and usually
they are a reflection of the fact that monet-
ary policy has been asked to bear too biga
burden which fiscal policy hasn’t. Itseems
to me that 25 percent interest rate against
a 12 percent inflation rate must have a very
depressing effect on the economy.

Murray: Whatis the effect of high inter-
est rates on business, particularly small
business, which is thought to be so crucial
to the development of this country?

Bevan: It makes the fulfilment of every-
thing the government wants to do that
much harder, .

‘There is only one redeeming factor.
South Africa is unique in that the economy
is controlled by a comparatively small num- .
ber of very large institutions which give a
stability to the South African scene that is
unique, -

‘Those institutions have a great re-
sponsibility to behave in a socially respon-
sible manner and I would think they do
just that.

CSO: 3400/285

80



Zulu, the studies that have been made in
the context of the Buthelezi commission
will also be of value and should be taken
into consideration.

Murray: One of the things that business
particularly is deeply concerned about is
the kind of sceptical, almost cynical view
that certain people in government and the
Cabinet are taking towards the efforts and
expenditure of the private sector on edu-
cation and training. Many businessmen
believe government is not giving the sup-
port it requires, in terms of tax benefits
and so on.

Viljoen: Big business has been given many
tax benefits. It has been abusing it in such
ashocking way that the Minister of Fi-
nance had to revise the benefits for train-
ing because it had been using benefits
which were really devised to encourage
training of the lower echelon, to lay on
lavish and expensive management courses
for top management.

Murray: There are many major busi-
nesses that would strongly disagree with
Barend Du Plessis and the Cabinet on
that.

Viljoen: The fact is thata ceiling has been
introduced as to the salary level of the
people involved in such training courses.
The goal of the government's financial and
tax incentives for training is particularly to
improve training for blacks.

Murray: As one of the leaders of Afri-
kanerdom going back to your chairman-
ship of the Afrikaner Broederbond, could
you give us your analysis of what has
happened to the Afri-
kaner people over the
last couple of yearsP

Viljoen: I think the
National Party, with its
strong Afrikaner com-
ponent, had become
used to virtual una-
nimity among the Afrikaner people with
regard to political policy and political
innovation. Once you become accustomed
to this almost unanimous support base,
it has an inhibiting effect in the long run
because you don’t want to do anything
that might spoil it. To a large extent, I

57

think this is what happened in the last
years of the late Prime Minister, John
Vorster.

P W Botha, in terms of his Afrikaner
commitment, need not stand back for any-
body. He has very strong and highly
respected record in this respect. He has
come forward with an attitude that if, in
your conscience you are convinced that in
the interests of South Africa, and in the
interest of all the people, a certain policy
has to be followed, then every possible
amount of political energy should be com-
mitted to promote that policy —even ifit
leads to a decrease in the unanimity that
had previously been the case.

There are certain political reforms that
have to be brought about in terms of a truly
Christian national concept — in other words,
anationalism which grants for everybody
else that which it demands for itself. If this
involves a split among the Afrikaners, that
is the price which unfortunately has to
be paid, Itis the duty of every politician
who believes in this policy to convince his
fellow citizens and, particularly if he is an
Afrikaner, his fellow Afrikaners, that this
political policy should be followed. He
should not just sit back and say: “Well, if
we can’t get unanimity we are not going to
move”. This is an important change that
was brought about. The other important
basic change in the style of thinking in-
volved the kind of theorising that was very
prominent in the development of separate
development. Then in the late Sixties and
early Seventies, some people imagined that
the coloureds could be structured ina *
separate political existence.

The realities in respect of the urban
blacks, the realities in respect of the tempo
and the extent to which homelands were
willing to accept independence, all had
their effect on the thinking of the people
who were responsible for executing and
implementing this theory. It was a theory
which, in many ways, was rigid and almost
absolute. A large part of the Conservative
Party’s support consists of right wing
people who live and work according to
theoretical concepts without regard to
reality.

We had to realise that in several areas
these adjustments of reality to meet with
the ideal did not work out and therefore we
had to find a new synthesis between ideal
and reality. The right wing people simply
clung to the ideal in a way which has no



GOVERNMENT ANXIOUS TO AVOID LINK WITH RENAMO
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 May 85 p 8

{Article by David Braun]

[Text] CAPE TOWN — That the Gov-

ernment is now going to ex-
traordinary lengths to avoid:
the suspicion of contact. and
support for the Mozambique
rebel movement MNR is an in-
dication of the bizarre relation-
ship South Africa has with its
* neighbours, | .
It also shows that when it comes
-to double standards South Afri-
ca is itself an. accomplished
grandmaster of the art of this
._ kind of diplomacy.
1 This week, in answer to questions
in Parliament, the Minister of
. Defence,. General Magnus
- Malan, ‘revealed that possible.
Supporters of the Mozambique:
National _ Resistance ... were
» being sacked from the Defence
' .Force or transferred away:
-_ from the Mozambique border.
le confirmed that individuals in
the SADF could be sympath-
oye to the rebels we, were |
to topple the vern- |
men of President Samora Ma- :

L. mot
General Malan said that the Go-
- vernment’s standpoint was that

ho support whatsoever be |
given to the MNR since ‘the |
signing of the Nkomati Accord
in March last year.
:A constant stream of accusations |
by Mozambique that either the |
South African Government or
elements in South Africa’ con- '
tinued to assist the ‘MNR ap-
parently prompted ‘the SADF
“probe for any MNR sympa-
| thisers within its ranks.

As a result of this inquiry, Gener-
- al Malan said this week, the
asssurance could be given that
no evidence could be found of
any direct or indirect support
by the Defence Force to the
| MNR since the signing of the
accord.
“However, as a result of the re-
:. Organisation of certain units it
will be possible to transfer a
number of Portuguese-speak-
ing members to another station
y. to prevent any suspicion of
; contact - with Mozambique,”
: General Malan said. .

_ OWN ADMISSION

: The Government foiind itself in
‘this delicate position this week
_because it did, by its own ad-
mission, train and support: the
MNR prior to the Nkomati Ac-
cord. This happened in spite
of its long-standing foreign pol-
icy that it does not interfere in
. the domestic affairs of another
* country. .
‘he non-interference in a sover-
» -@ign state’s internal affairs is
. actually an international prin-
ciple ‘enshrined in the Charter
. of the United Nations (as South
Attica ‘has so often pointed
out).

‘One has only to consider the nu-
merous examples of super

* power interference in the af-

--fairs of ‘countries around the
globe to: appreciate that. this
principle of sovereignty is, of
course, flagrantly violated.

81

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



‘J Of
munity Development and
‘Women's Affairs will
have its training of vil-
lage and...ward: develop-

ment staff boosted.

The central statistical
gepastment «will have hel
fa consultancy personn
and training. in statistics,
gapectally with @ rural

grinme willbe spliy 40

percent and 60 percent
private and pub-

le, sectors respect y-

this programme,
5 milion Will be tor ;

private sector and
5 million for the public
. Bector,

CSO: 3400/367

116



JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

WANKIE COLLIERY MAKES RECORD PROFIT THROUGH EXPORT SALES

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 21 May 85 p 2

[Text] WANKIE Colliery made a

cso:

record profit of more than
$4 million last year
mainly through export
salts, . :
Ina statement released yes-
terday, the chairman of Zim-
babwe's premier coal mining.
company, Cde Douglas Ka-!
denhe, said the profit of
$4,527 million was achieved,
pety because Wankie Col-
ry was able to export more |
coal than expected. .

Other factors, he said,
were cost savings and im-
Proved productivity both at.
No. 3 colliery and in. the;

Opencast dragline pit. | ‘wat
: from this and coal exports

“It is significant that about
$4 million was derived from '
our export business,” said —
Cde Kadenhe.

The statement, dated April, |
1985, said operations at the
eolliery during the past year ;
‘were dominated by the lower
than forecast offtake of coal

for the Hwange power -sta- |
tion, coupled with the need ,
to meet a better than |
ted demand ‘for’ standard
coal products and continuing :
difficulties in maintaining |
coke output. '

Cde Kadenhe said sales of
standard grades ef coal to
Zimbabwean customers
amounted to 1 985 000 tonnes
which was 10 percent above
the estimate, and six percent
above last year’s actual.

3400/363

Exports of coal were 29
percent above estimate and
16 percent up on last year.

“We have been” explorin;
the opportunities for coal
exports to other SADCC
countries,” he ‘said. Shij
ments to Tanzania had
ready started.

Coke sales in Zimbabwe

amounted to 67600 tonnes
which was 23 percent above
estimate, compared with
35500 tonnes last year,
+ This improvement, he noted,
was largely due to an in-
crease in demand from the
ferro-alloy industry.

About, 65 percent of coke

was $17,7 million an increase
‘of 8 percent on the previous:

-year.

Total | turnover —_ was
$74,384 million compared to
$56,937 million the previous

"Cie Kadenhe also reported
that the shortage of skilled
: manpower at Wankie colliery
was no longer as critical as

+ Bast

year.
“This is due Partly to the
continuing emphasis placed
‘on training and manpower
development,” he said. “The
year under review saw a
seonsolidation ‘n the field of
-industrial relations.

“There were no work

, stoppages dialogue
between management and
workers’ ittees and

trade unions was mature
and constructive.”

He also said the company
had applied to the Govern-

ment for price increases
based on the 1985/86
estimates.

119

He stressed that it was
important to the company
that the Hwange power sta-
tion be restored to -full
generation so that HPS coal:
deliveries reach the levels
originally contemplated. —



[Text]

GOVERNMENT'S FOOD STORAGE POLICY CRITICIZED
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 4 May 85 p 6

[Editorial]

SINCE the national food policy was. formulated.
after the food shortages of 1980, there has been.
constant talk of increasing food storage facilities.
But so far little has been done to actually increase
these facilities. : -

* Last. Tuesday we again heard an announcement

in.the usual vein from. the permanent secretary to..

-the Ministry. of Agriculture’ and. Livestock.
Development. He was reiterating what has already"
been stated.
-- We appreciate the fact that the question of con-
structing storage facilities.is no easy task. We are:
-also. aware. of the. constraints. on. our resources.
But we cannot afford to keep talking about this
problem without taking concrete steps towards its
Solution.’ We. are only too aware of.a recent case:
when: maize, t6 take one example, had to-rot in
the fields in Kitale for lack of storage. Before that
the President had to personally intervene in a situa-
tion where rice-was germinating in Mwea for lack
of gunny bags and storage facilities. ;
For a country that has faced.two droughts and
food shortages within: the short spell of five years,
we cannot afford. to be complacent. One of the.
major problems of achieving food self-sufficiency.
is-simply that of lack of storage. There are many’
‘subsistence farmers.in this country who could pro-
duce twice the maize they now produce if they had
adequate storage or if the organisations em-
powered with the buying and storing of such vital.
staple foods. had. adequate facilities.
We cannot over-emphasise the importance of.
food storage facilities. This is at the core of any:

26

gpRs-SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA


promised aid of 10,000 tonnes to its final destination, but 500 million CFA
francs (about $7 million) still had to be found. Mr Boukari said the pro-
gramme was essential, as road transport through the bush had proved to be
the weak link in the chain from aid donors to some 2.5 million people
affected by famine in Niger.

According to donors, some 400,000 tonnes of food [words indistinct] aid for
sale and commercial imports) has to be shifted to meet needs, and there are
insufficient trucks in the country to do it. Vehicles being used belong to
the armed forces and the government, or have been requisitioned from
development projects. A scheme to commandeer private trucks has met
difficulties because many are not in a fit state, Mr Boukari said. "The
programme we have submitted to the donors should enable us in particular to
repair the trucks and compensate their owners", Mr Boukari said. He also
expressed regret that vehicles promised by Italy, the Netherlands and the
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries had not yet arrived.

Some 100,000 tonnes of food have been received so far, and the government
has managed to distribute about 60 percent of it, a performance which is
considered good given the size of this mainly-desert country. Donors say
that with around 20,000 tonnes of food arriving each week the situation at
the moment is generally satisfactory, though there are some areas which are
worse off than others.

New factors have arisen, however, such as a general tendency of farmers to
return to their villages to cultivate their new season's crops, and the
sudden return of some 58,000 people expelled as illegal immigrants from
neighbouring Nigeria. The returnees are each receiving enough food for
more than a month to enable them to settle back home.

CSO: 3400/379



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

HARARE CHAIRS EAST AFRICAN HIGHWAY BODY
Harare THE HERALD in English 16 May 85 p 1

[Text] Zimbabwe was yesterday elected to chair the Trans-East African Highway
Authority which starts meeting in Harare today. to explore ways of abolishing
regulations that hinder the free flow of traffic between member countries.

The authority has nine full members--Ethiopia, Zambia, Malawi, Kenya, Egypt,
Botswana, Tanzania, Swaziland and Zimbabwe--with Burundi, Djibouti, Libya,
Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia and Uganda as associate members.

Three working groups were set up yesterday to look into three non-physical fac-
tors--immigration, customs and restrictions in road use--which inhibit free
inter-state flow of traffic which is the main subject at this session.

The four-day meeting will be officially opened by the Deputy Prime Minister,
Cde Simon Muzenda, today.

The director of Teaha's transport, communications and tourism division, Profes-
sor Bongoy Mpekesa, said the meeting would aim-‘at linking African countries
within the framework of the Lagos Plan of Action.

Communication through road transport would be the major item at the present
session. "As far back as the time of Cecil Rhodes people talked about linking
Africa from Cairo to Cape, but it was only in 1971 in Tunis that it was decided
that African countries should endeavour to link Cairo in Egypt and Gaborone

in Botswana," said Prof. Mpekesa.

But road links alone were not enough if they could not be used because of laws
inhibiting the free movement of people and other traffic.

Outside financial help for Teaha has come from the Canadian government through
an organisation, Delcanda, that donated C$250 000 for the study.

As chairman Zimbabwe yesterday convened the three-group meeting and will chair
the facilitation committee meeting that starts today, Zimbabwe took over the
chair from Egypt.

€sO: 3400/370

134



The Government had honoured its pledge to review the exchange control restric-—
tions when they were announced in March 1984.

"These measures should certainly enable the current economic recovery to be
sustained over the medium term, and it is certainly hoped that the restora-
tion of dividend remittability will encourage a significantly higher level
of foreign investment which will also assist in bringing about. the higher
levels of production and employment that the economy needs during the second
half of the 1980s."

Cde Chidzero was flanked by his deputy, Cde Moton Malianga, the secretary, Cde
Elisha Mushayakarara, and the Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank, Mr Richard
Parke.

When he announced. the exchange control restrictions, Cde Chidzero said they
were aimed at saving $20 million a month in foreign exchange and would help
the country import food and service external debts.

CSO: 3400/369

142



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BORDER DEAL WITH ECM TO MINE BAUXITE
Harare THE HERALD in English 16 May 85 "Business Herald" Supplment p 1
[Article by David Masunda]

[Text] An agreement has been signed between Mozambique. and Penhalonga miners--
E. C. Meikle--to enable ECM to mine bauxite in that country following diminishing
local reserves of the mineral, sources in Harare and Penhalonga have said.

ECM has been mining the mineral in a few bauxite pockets in Penhalonga but re-
serves are said to be running out fash and quality is deteriorating.

Said Mr John Meikle, managing director of ECM: "The agreement to mine bauxite
in Mozambique was between myself and the Mozambique government. The Zimbabwe
Government supported the application."

Mr Meikle said Zimbabwean deposits of the mineral had always been very small.

Mozambican deposits are said to be vast and the grade of bauxite quite high.
At present there was no company mining the mineral in Mozambique, sources in
Harate said.

ECM once mined bauxite in Mozambique but was forced to stop in 1976 when war es-
calated.

Bauxite reacts with sulphuric acid to form aluminium sulphate which is used for
water purification pruposes. Aluminium sulphate is also used in the manufacture
of ordinary paper and white-lined paper for cigarette boxes.

Mr Eben Makonese, general manager of aluminium sulphate manufacturers Zimphos,
said his company supplied Harare Municipality with liquid aluminium sulphate
and all other municipalities in Zimbabwe with a solid form.

His company bought bauxite from ECM but had been forced of late to import for
trial, "weipa bauxite" from Australia because of the deteriorating quality of
ECM bauxite.

ECM bauxite from Penhalonga had a very high iron content forcing Zimphos to
make operation modifications.

"But," said Mr Makonese, "for us to import aluminium sulphate would be quite
ridiculous when bauxite is next door."

41



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

WEST AFRICAN PORTS UNABLE TO HANDLE MORE FOOD AID
AB311155 Paris AFP in English 1142 GMT 31 May 85
[By Philippe Mudry]

[Text] Niamey, May 31 (AFP)--West African ports are unable to handle any
more food-aid for drought-stricken countries in the hinterland, ‘and much of
it risks rotting in the rain, authorities said here in the capital of land-
locked Niger today. One official of an international organization said he
had advised his headquarters to postpone a number of shipments until August
in the hope of clearing the backlog. Other aid donors said that on May 22
about 100,000 tonnes of food for Niger alone was held up at ports in
Nigeria, Benin and Togo. Of this aid, 52,000 tonnes of was {as received]
in the clogged port of Cotonou, the Beninese capital. In Lome, Togo,
10,000 tonnes of aid for Niger, plus 60,000 tonnes for Mali and Burkina Faso
were waiting to be cleared.

"Phere is no more room in the port, and food is now being stored in the city,"
the aid official said.

A Niger Government source said that a team from the Trade Ministry had been
on the coast for several days to assess the situation and try to prevent the
food from deteriorating as the rainy season reaches its height. Much of the
food was only being stored under tarpaulins, the source said.

Meanwhile the authorities here launched an appeal on Tuesday for inter-
national help in transporting food into the interior of Niger. The aim of
the appeal is to ensure that even the remotest of the country's 155 distribu-
tion centres are stocked up by the end of July, so that farmers can cultivate
their fields.

Wassalke Boukari, chairman of Niger's technical committee for the organiza-
tion of food aid, which liaises between donors and the government, said the
estimated cost of the distribution programme including ‘the provision of
enough transport was 1.9 billion CFA francs--about $4 million.

Mr Boukari said response to the appeal had been swift, particularly from the
United States, United Nations agencies and the European Economic Community.
Washington, for example, had promised to pay for the transport of all its



SECURITY MINISTER TIPIS PLEDGES TO END VIOLENCE

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 15 May 85 pp 1, 5

{Article by Chris Musyoka]

[Text]

The Minister in charge
of security, Mr Justus
ole Tipis, yesterday

pledged in Parliament.

to ‘wipe out by hook or
crook” all criminal
activities in Kenya.

MPs had earlier expressed
great concern .over the
increasing number of armed

attacks, saying the security of
Kenyans and their property
was at stake.

‘The reply by Mr Tipis, a
Minister of State in the
President’s Office, came -in -the
wake of points of order prompted
by his own ministerial statement
concerning a weekend Kenya
News Agency report of violence
in South Nyanza’s Macalder

Division.

‘A subsequent attempt by the”

MP for Migori, Mr Misiani Gor,

to move an adjournment motion‘

. urging the House to consider the

Macalder attack and others
elsewhere in the- country as a
matter of grave concern failed.

In his statement, Mr Tipis
referred to an earlier statement
by Mr James Mathenge, a Per-
manent Secretary in the
President’s Office. ve

Mr Mathenge, who is in charge
of security and provincial
administration, had said that the
story of a 1,000-strong mob

having been on the rampage and
burnt houses of suspected

criminals and property had been

exaggerated. :
The truth, Mr Tipis told the
House, was that 9 group of people

had seized a young man and
beaten him up, alleging "he had
stolen some clothes.

‘They had gone ahead and
burnt some houses belonging to
the suspected criminals but
police had soon intervened and
restored order.

‘The Minister said eight people
had been arrested and investiga-
tions were continuing. e
reiterated, however, that a
machinery existed which people
must follow to apprehend suspec-
ted criminals. Nobody was expec-
ted to take the law into his owri
hands.

He said: “Sus; d criminals
must be reported or handed over
to the auth s so they can be
dealt with according to the law.”

It was after this that Mr Gor
sought permission to move his
adjournment motion under
Standing ‘Order No 20, which
concerns subjects of national
importance.

He said that while he was
grateful for the Minister's inter-
vention in Macalder, there were
“numerous, violent. and very
frightening” criminal incidents at
Migori and South Nyanze in

eneral perpetrated by people
from the area and others crossing
the border and Lake Victoria
from neighbouring countries.

“The nation should focus
attention ‘on this issue, which
affects many parts of the coun-
try,” Mr Gor said.

‘But the Deputy Speaker, Mr |

Samuel Ne’eny, who was in the
chair recafled that Mi ‘ITpis and
touched on violence in th
Nyanza but if South Nyanza

[Ps wanted to make their points
they could do so without involv-
ing the whole House.

35

JPRS~SSA~85=>054
27 June 1985

KENYA

‘The MP for Honia Bay, M
Oluoch Kanindo, said” robber.
and armed attacks were the orde:
of the day in the district. He said
plantations around the Sony
sugar factory at were
harbouring thugs who terrorised
people, particularly when the
factory closes down.

He said the main targets were
‘buses, people walking about at
night and. homes. wendo

~alone, he said, five attacks were

made every week. .
_ The security situation had
deteriorated mainly because
there were too few ill-armed
Policemen in the area, Mr
‘anindo said, adding that there
were 1,000 such officers serving a

ition of about one million.

riminals crossing the border
and the lake were armed with
sephisticated weapons “our
ciemen ‘are not well armed”,

he said.

He alleged that Awendo police
had recently downed their
weapong,and fled when confron-
ted by armed criminals.

The district was wide and
police vehicles were ii
to cover the area, Mr Kanindq
went on, claiming that chiefs
had abdicated their respon-
sibility and that administration
policemen just walked about as
they wished. .

The MP for Kirinyaga East,
Mr Nahashon Njuno, said his
constituency, particularly the
part bordering the forest, was
similarly affected.

Mr Nijuno, who is an Assistant
Minister for Health, said well
organised criminal bands were
now moving from house to house”
terrorising people and stealing



IJPRS~SSA*85~054,
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

RURAL HEALTH PROGRAM GETS BOOST FROM SWEDISH AID

Harare THE HERALD in English 27 May 85 p 7

[Text] gmrBas' “] will “The education grant
WES rural ‘Also 31,2 million wit ne, <oatcat

health programme won a be available for :
$9 million st following housing “for rural health

the signing in Harare on: comprising’ 40 red
iz. on: _ personnel e and inistry of Local Govern-

Friday ot a two-year ald “hous for nurses an pea
agreement wi . ment Town Planning
Sweden gave more’than  Snother 24 for rehabitita-. will define which districte
million, mont of it for. 0% for the disabled. and -ateas within those
tural development, “There will be an eddi- districts’ the achools will
Giving a lown'at tional $700000 to build =the built under the $3 mil-
the aid which he ‘houses for Hon that will be part.of |
bald totaifea $46,0 miltion —8t, hospitals to. the stlf-help project,” Mr:!
at the t ange take care of the disabled :
rate, $1,5 million more in the districts,” said Mr ; A further $1,8 million
than the $44 million figure Whrenprels, will be spent on Zintec |
given at the signing core~ ‘The Swedes will pump — training. mainly for pri-
mony, Interna-- _& further $500000 over mary school teachers io »
tional Development Auth. ‘the $4 million they have: rural ‘areas.
ority’s ou! head in used in the past two e 7
Zimbabwe, Mr Dag years on two ‘in Mutare and Andre
Bhrenpreis, gaid among; , centres for rural_beall . in |
the - major _ recipient ‘ workers; one in Bindura | benefit from this scheme. |
Fos, be best educa- ; And the other ta Covent. eo nother, $850 000 wit |
tion ($11,6 million); com-.~ - e Ministry of Health| | cover.
‘modity import program-. . will also be provided with! j Secehiera tn technteat sube|
me Gemien [gee. RM engi | | scheme beeen ‘ae
6 a a . - t
lion); emetaenc rclet ning and evaluation u ; Countries of such teachers, |
(31 ); and public: tors et a cost of $700 000.! Zimsel, .a ‘pro-
| fe training  pro-. | A public services train-, | Viding kite for the teach.
framme (§7 mfllion). ing dcheme Is envisaged, | ing of science subjects,
‘Under the’ 1! tn” a $7 milion © in! | take up $2,7
‘rural immunisation pro-{ | Which there willbe train-| | While, | the | Zimbabwe
‘gramme the country will| | ig courses and : | Foundation for Hducation
[get $1,2' million for vac-| | im personnel! With Production (Zimfep)
ree foa"sc eve lug a) $5 ai aa
J on deal. a
the | tter 8000 former
‘end tts

and Te-|
drugs
‘
'A nutrition |} count Mr it from eight wchools,
itor supplementary food ; mnrenprels. m=
iproduction would poy. pro- | mee
progsheme, fon" conan | ivided: $1,2 milion under; Special support, and
| vegetable gantens. | which it will, among other. education jolarships
| | Mr Ehrenprels gaid the supply staff tori Will be provided for, re-
| ' health scheme | posta im the public sector fumed refugee
receive $2,9 million in Zimbabwe. and former combatants
‘that will for the. Zimbabwe will also get iR_ another
| wwillage health’ Toad ett eet oth, fh
| workers and the ou} ‘Mintetry of Transport for ' Gane comes to

115



JPRS*SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

MOI HOLDS TALKS WITH SFRY PRESIDENT IN BELGRADE
E£A031939 Nairobi KNA in English 1610 GMT 3 Jun 85

[Text] Belgrade, June 3--H.E. President Daniel. Arap Moi today cautioned
African countries about the dangers of being divided ideologically. The
president noted that after the colonial powers scrambled for Africa at the
Berlin conference in 1885, the same powers are coming back to divide the
continent ideologically.

President Moi who was holding discussions with the Yugoslav President
Radovan Vlajkovic, said that the ideological scramble for Africa was even
more dangerous, because it comes under different guises.

The president noted with concern that developed countries are dumping arms
in Africa without any tangible developments. He.said there was need for
sincere and genuine desire on the part of the developed countries to help
Africa. The president called for a new approach to aid in Africa if mean-
ingful development is to take place.

On the food shortage in Africa, the president said it was not the direct
consequence of mismanagement as it is construed in industrialized countries,
but as a result of unpredictable weather conditions.

President Moi, who is deeply concerned about the deteriorating conditions in
southern Africa, said Kenya stood by the UN Resolution 435 of 1978, which
calls for the independence of Namibia.

He condemned the apartheid system in South Africa which he described as an
affront to the dignity of mankind, and that Africa will not rest until the

system is dismantled.

The president recollected with satisfaction that the late President Tito
was the co-founder of the Non-Alignment Movement, which has achieved most
of its objectives including decolonization of Africa.

On inter-dependence, the president called for genuine dialogue between the
North and the South, because one cannot succeed without the other.

President Moi paid tribute to his host for the hospitality accorded his
delegation and the cordial and friendly relations they had together.

14



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GHANA

GREATER ACCRA TO SET UP TASK FORCES IN BANKS
AB050845 Accra Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 5 Jun.85:—

[Text] The Greater Accra Secretariat of the Committees for the Defense of
the Revolution [CDR's] is to set up task forces to check malpractices in
the financial institutions in the area. Managers of. these institutions are
therefore urged to do their own house-cleaning before they are exposed.
This was announced by the regional organizing assistant, Warrant Officer
Serge Nunoo, at a rally in Accra yesterday. to commemorate the 6th anni-
versary of the 4 June uprising. He said the CDR's are. going to. track down
all reactionary elements in the system. WO Nunoo criticized CDR's in the
institutions where the frauds occurred for not being vigilant enough.’

The secretary for rural development and cooperatives, Mr Acquah Harrison,
said the anniversary should be a time for stock-taking by every Ghanaian.
They should address themselves to the task ahead. Mr. Acquah Harrison said
in view of the country's limited resources, all progressive elements should
resolve to fight ignorance and disease which plague the rural area.

A special assistant to the political counselor for the economic: development
of CDR's, Mr Dan Abudakpeh, urged Ghanaians to fight tribalism and regional-
ism if the revolution is to achieve its objectives. He urged those manage-
ments which are reorganizing CDR's to stop forthwith. This is because they
have no mandate to do that. Mr Abudakpeh said although the ongoing process
has achieved some socioeconomic gains, the task ahead is more.

cso: 3400/374



Tutu Popularity Poll 97

Propaganda Conference 98
SWAZILAND
Briefs
Influx of Mozambicans 99
Sugar Industry Experiences Difficulties 99
High Treason Charge 99
More Mozambicans Arrested 99
ZIMBABWE

Islam Reportedly Gaining Strength Among People
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 5 May 85)...eseceescscweccevccecececes 101

Mugabe Draws Up List of Political Targets
‘(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 8 May 85)..sssecseecececceeeeetere 103

Mugabe Praises Malawi Leadership
(THE HERALD, 17 May 85) ..sececcscccesccseccccsceccecenes 106

ZNCC Congress Defends Business
(THE HERALD, 16 May 85)..seseeceeesccecescsccceeccercees 107

ZAPU Document Argues for United Front
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 26 May 85).ssssessecrcecsseereescceces 109

Largest Number of University Students Graduate
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 19 May 85)...seseesccesecceeereceeeoes 111

Lenin's Classic Now in Shona Language
(THE HERALD, 24 May 85)....sceeceececccesaccceccceceeees 113

Chinese Visitors. Tour Local Factories
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 May 3) See 114

Rural Health Program Gets Boost From Swedish Aid
(THE HERALD, 27 May 85).cseseseceescscccccecrccecceseeas 115

Trade With Libya To Grow
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 May 85)..ccessseeeceeeeeerees 117

Chance To Export Fresh Fruit, Flowers
(THE CHRONICLE, 16 May 85) .ccccescccecccccnscceccsoesece 118

Wankie Colliery Makes Record Profit Through Export Sales
(THE CHRONICLE, 21 May 85)....eesseecceceereccecensesees 119

Exports of Manufactured Goods to Japan Increases
(THE HERALD, 23 May 85)...cccseeessecceeccnseeeeceeeeees 120

-e-



He said the Government was confident enough of the coming season's crops not
to announce ‘pre-planting prices as he had done as an incentive to maize farm-
ers in August last year.

Pre-planting prices were abolished three years ago and would be used only
when a crop needed stimulation, he said.

At the minister's Press conference was the chairman of the Agricultural Mar-
keting Authority, Mr Paddy Millar, who announced the recommendations of the
task force set up this season to smooth delivery of crops from communal areas
to marketing depots.

He said 28 permanent depots had been established in areas which had qualified
to produce more than 20 000 tonnes of agricultural commodities. Temporary
depots would be operating on an on-and-off basis this season in areas which
had been assessed to have a cpacity of an offtake of up to about 100 000
tonnes.

The chairman of the AMA grain committee, Mr Mike Butler, told newsmen that it
had been calculated that communal farmers would pay $1 extra in transport
charges to sited depots from which the Government would take over responsi-
bility for the crop.

It had been decided that government trucks would not be used in the transport
exercise contrary. to the case with Crop Tran in 1981-82 when emergency mea-
sures could not be instituted in time to cope with the then bumper crop.

‘Swift Transport had been appointed co-ordinator of private operations in the
exercise.

Mr Butler said communal farmers would qualify for stop orders for grain bags
which would cost $2,48 each.

There were 250 000 registered communal farmers of whom 125 000 represented cot-
ton growers. .

Mr Butler said: "Details about the movement of ‘the crop. should be finalised
by the end of June. We hope to handle 1 million tonnes from communal areas
and we expect most of the crop from. the southern half of the country.

"The transport rates will have to be negotiated by farmers and operators re-
gistered with the Ministry of Transport.

Senator Norman announced that $5 million had so far been released by the
Treasury for the revolving farm irrigation fund.

Turning to Zimbabwe's surplus food the minister said:. "We will try to reserve
our exports for Africa where there is. the biggest food deficit problem. We
will be selling at world market prices through the:World Food Programme to
Zambia and probably to Botswana, Reunion, Mozambique, Tanzania and Lesotho."

cso: 3400/368

127



+ One .government minister had to reassure, voters.
that Zanu had-no intention.of “stealing, theit chick-
ens’’...Muzorewa is supporting the chiefs’ lobby,
opposes the one-party. state and the. Legal ‘Age. of:
Majority Act, and promises both to abolish sales tax,
and, to raise the minimum tax. threshold to $Z500.,

Muzorewa,. though his support might hold.up.in a:

* free. and. fair. election,.. especially. .in. Manicaland,,

would in any case probably score little more than,
the 8%..he:won in 1980.. But even that, to Mugabe,
would be an.unacceptable slap in.the: face...
Mugabe has also :fallen. out. with -the trade union
movement... At the. beginning of.March, a coup in.
the, Zimbabwe -Congress. of Trade Unions.(ZCTU)
led to the suspension of four leading officials. They.
were Alfred Makwarimba, ZCTU. president, , Abisha.
Kupfuma,.acting secretary-general,. Paul Mashavira,

vice-president, and Elphegio Soko, publicity secre="

tary.. They were favourable to.the. government, ‘after.
allegations of corruption. and chicken-heartedness.in.
face. of the government’s Labour Relations. Bill,,

which is due to complete its. final: stage this week..

The bill: will ban. strikes, by essential workers and
severely restrict. the remaining workers’ right. to
strike.. The four ousted officials. were promptly rein-,
stated by the labour. minister, Fred Shava, who
complained that.a ‘technicality’ in the ZCTU: con-
stitution had. been. breached. But.again the govern-.
ment has partially. backed down. The ZCTU. regained
some.autonomy. Two of the ousted officers resigned.
last .month ‘‘for personal reasons’?.. and Jeffrey.
Mutandare, president of the. mineworkers’ union,:

who- believes in trade union independence, has.been
allowed to head. a -seven+man steering committee.

The.long delayed national-congress-of: the ZCTU ‘is _

due at. the. end’ of: July. By then, the government
hopes to have constructed a pliable trade union
movement... «

Mugabe has placed anumber:of non-; -governmental
agencies. working~in’ the rural areas. under surveil-
lance. The Organization of Collective Cooperatives,
(OCCZIM).. which:.‘represents - farming: collectives
mainly: run: by ex-guerrillas. is-also. treated with. great
suspicion. Founded: nearly two years: ago under
Cephas Muropa the government delayed: its: launch-
ing: conference for: eight months.. Moveni-Mahachi,
the: minister-responsible,, pointedly .did ‘not’ attend
the inauguration: The fact. that. many-of: the lead-
ership‘are former:Nkomo. guerrillas has: not endeared
OCCZIM to ‘Mugabe: ~ SEB ae
.:The churches; have: had to be very cautious. too:
The. Catholics have adopted a subtle: strategy: Long

cso: 3400/371

the scourge - and.to somerextent: the victim of the
Smith. government — they: continue to criticise the
government for humaniiights:violations, particularly
in Matabeleland, but the bishops have been careful
to. keep .their .detailed reports to: the governmient
private. :After the Catholics’. Commission for Justice
and: Peace:.sent documentary evidence to’ Mugabe
about’ the! activities: of the-Zanu : youth wing; ‘no
journalist managed to produce: more.than:a ‘broad
sketch of the'‘report’s contents: The Catholic church
reckons: that. threatening. Postures would be counter-
productive... 2:

» Mugabe. is probabiy more suspicious of the: Prot
estant- churches. Bishop’ Peter Hatendi, . who: has
been generally friendly. to the government, .has.been
lampooned in the: Zanu-oriented: press for ‘criticising
traditional: religion.. Thei- Methodists,. especially
Muzorewa’s American-based: wing, are ‘seen’.as’a

threat. African breakaway ‘sects and evangelical
churches, especially if they: have American or South
African connections,-are frowned:on and watched.

te Zanu is already looking boxed i in by promises to
hold the election in June. The idea of single-member
‘constituencies may have to be dropped if the election
is-to go ahead on time. A question mark hangs over
the election’s secrecy.: We hear the government may
consider having voters line up publicly behind favou-
red candidate,’ as: happened: in: the. district: council
elections. That, of course; is a recipe:for intimida-
tion. Mugabe. ‘has: said that..no observers’ will be
invited, but will be. ‘‘welcome’’. Legally,, Mugabe
could: invoke: an: emergency clause to prolong his
government’s term of office by a year - without
flouting the Lancaster Home agreement. *:-i

The other big question is whether Nkomo will
succeed in luring Muzorewa’s' UANC and the‘ Rev.
Ndabaningi Sithole’s Zanu into: joining him in an
opposition front. Nkomo says he will. But the junior
politicians are wary. For Muzorewa to-join Nkomo
could damage ‘the bishop’s prospects:in Shona coun-
try, where distrust of Nkomo is paramount.
- It is ironical that the.whites, in’ general; are no
headache for Mugabe. Most of their 20 designated
seats may be won by the newly-formed’ Independent
Zimbabwe Group.(IZG): Made ‘up of business.elite,
it: includes11_ indépendent MPs,: although Chris
Andersen, ‘a minister: of: state’ in: Mugabe’s' office,
Has:not. joined. It. includes: John: Landau, deputy
minister of trade and:commerce, and ‘its spokesman
is Bill Irvine;. MP for'Malborough. The -IZG faces
therump of Ian Smith’s Rhodesia Front, now known
as. the Conservative: Alliance of Zimbabwe, which
includes. Smith ‘himself. But: it is not Smith’ and.
the whites who feet the cold wind of Mugabe's
authoritarianism @ *

105



look at alternative strategies, and none is more
promising than seeking to maximise their economic
bargaining power. With the steady abolition of statu-
tory restrictions on black upward occupational mo-
bility (only in the mining industry do. .restrictions
femain) and the chronic shortage of skilled.and other
highly trained personnel, the next decades ‘should
see striking black advance. Indeed, a Human
Sciences Research Council projection is that by the
year 2000 eight out of 10 skilled jobs will be per-
formed by blacks. Other projections suggest that
blacks will constitute a sizeable minority in the man-
agerial stratum by the same time. Black urbanisation
will probably double in the next 20 years, despite
efforts to curb it. Another important index is black
consumer power, which is now roughly at the same
level as white consumer power,

The unionisation of the black urban labour force
has also proceeded apace over the past five years
since the government's recognition of the right, of
blacks to participate in statutory industrial bargain-
ing. Some 20 to 25 per cent of urban black workers
(excluding domestic workers) belong to registered
and unregistered trade unions. This figure is likely to
grow quite rapidly.

To point to these indices of actual and potential

sO: 3400/284

64

black economic advance is not to overlook the
growth of unemployment and the deteriorating con-
ditions in black rural areas. On balance, however, the
indices suggest growing black economic muscle. It
could not be argued that this growing muscle con-
verts automatically into political power, but it is
highly likely that'the more economically advanced
and better educated a population group’ becomes the
more it will demand a share of political power and
the less easily it will allow itself to be discriminated
against.

If this argument is correct then it largely under-
mines whatever Case might be made for sanctions as
a source of change. Mofe than this, indeed, it can be
contended that’ sanctions run clean counter to the
most hopeful strategy that blacks can pursue to
secure their own liberation.

I believe that it is possible to demolish or
seriously to discredit every single argument that has
so far been advariced in support of the idea of sanc-
tions. In the interests’ of all South Africans this must
be done. But the most convincing answer of all
would be to demonstrate that we are serious and sin-
cere in our proclaimed desire to abolish racial dis-
crimination and to create a decent and compassionate
society firmly based on a respect for human freedom.


On the surface, it appeared that the two
protagonists were finally getting along
well together. Beneath the surface,
however, it appears that Ntimama had
not given up his political ambitions in
Narok, for one thing, and for another,
Tipis still seems in some way interested in
putting spokes in the wheels of
Ntimama’s contest for the leadership of
Narok District.

At a meeting with the Rift Valley
provincial commissioner, Mr. Hezekiah
Oyugi, to discuss the present wrangles, on
Tuesday this week, Tipis called Ntimama
a “trouble maker” and accused him of
sabotaging development in the district
and ignoring his party responsibilities. A
group of councillors, supporters of Tipis,
suggested that Ntimama be relieved of his
party post. Oyugi rejected the suggestion,
saying Ntimama was constitutionally
elected and those who sought to remove
him must wait for the elections. The-PC,
however, stressed the government’s

concern over the current wrangles which,”

he said, if allowed to continue, could pose
a threat to peace in the district. a

CsO: 3400/359

19



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

INCENTIVES EXIST FOR RURAL INVESTMENT.
Harare THE HERALD in English 17 May 85 p 9

[Text] Bulawayo. Although the Ministry of Industry and Technology was working
on a package that would provide further incentives for local businessmen to
invest in the rural areas, there are already a number of incentives businessmen

could use. .

Answering questions at the annual congress of the Zimbabwe National Chamber of
Commerce on Wednesday, the Deputy Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and
Development, Cde Moton Malianga, said there was already a 15 percent allowance
on additional capital invested in the rural areas as well as a number of ad-

ministrative incentives.

"It is really up to the local businessmen to take up these incentives," he
said.

The Minister of State (Industry and Technology), Cde Kumbirai Kangai, said his
ministry was working on a package that had still to be discussed with the Min-
istry of Finance. This package included suggestions from the Confederation of
Zimbabwe Industries on what could be done to attract industry in the rural

areas.

The Harare branch of the ZNCC had asked Government to consider inducements to
business operators to attract them to the rural areas.

These incentives, the chamber said, could be in the form of investment allow-
ance, exemption from levies and provision of infrastructure like transport,

water and power.

Delegates devoted yesterday morning to a debate of issues raised in two papers
dealing with investment and employment in Zimbabwe, with both Government and

ANCC representatives arguing their cases.

The sumposium in the morning was followed in the afternoon by a closed session
where delegates were expected to discuss in more detail the major issues of
contention expected, as one delegate expressed it, to provoke "a no-holds—
barred" discussion.

138



In the secondary sector represented mainly by six large companies-~
Cotontchad, Sonasut [National Sugar Company], STT [Chadian Textile Company],
MCT [Tobacco Manufacturing Company], STEE [Chadian Electricity Company],
and Logone Brewery-~general activity has not attained its pre-1978 level,
it is indicated at the Ministry of Finance. Added to this delay in the
resumption of economic activities is the lack of confidence by prospective
investors. "As long as the issue of the occupation of the northern part

of the country is not resolved, holders of foreign capital in particular
will feel reluctant to come and invest in Chad," Finance Minister Elie
Roumba explains.

Public finance feels this moroseness in the economy. Import and export
taxes, which represent 65 percent of budget revenue, are directly affected
-by the fall in economic activity. Thus the loss for the cotton sector
alone is estimated at 2 billion CFA francs (Fr40 million) in export tax,
about 10 percent of the 20 billion CFA francs for expenditure in the 1985
budget estimates.

Revenue, which is estimated at 15 billion CFA francs (Fr300 million) also
suffers from the weakness in the system of tax and levy collection. In
fact, the public treasury has lost 3.5 billion CFA francs (Fr70 million)

in 1984 in taxes not received on imports and the sale of petroleum products,
according to Total Oil Company.

Corruption has added to this slackness of the system to deprive the Chadian
state of part of its revenues. A great number of customs malpractices were
recently discovered involving the highest officials of the Customs Depart-
ment, police sources in Ndjamena disclosed. But the inquiry, opened upon
the discovery, has been suspended following the death during the inquiry of
a customs officer suspected in the case.

At the same time, Ndjamena_ has to face "incompressible obligations,"

Mr Roumba explained. For example, military expenditures which represent
40 percent of total expenditures, or more still, the civilian administra-
tion, which the Chadian leaders consider as "plethoric" with its 15,000
functionaries and who cost the government 900 million CFA francs (Eris
million) monthly despite the half salary law.

This fragility of the public finances has made Chad to depend heavily on
French budgetary assistance (3.5 billion CFA francs, or Fr70 million) as
well on the United States (1.2 billion CFA francs, or Fr24 million).

The Chadian leaders are convinced that they will be able to rescue the
country from this precarious situation by developing [words indistinct]
Chad, as President Habre repeated at each stage of his tour of the provinces
during the past 3 months. But in their minds, this recovery depends on the
restoration of a stable political situation which begins with the recapture
of the north. Observers in Ndjamena are waiting for the head of state to
make this the main theme of his address on the occasion of the celebration
of 7 June on Friday.

cso: 3400/379



Cde Muzenda reminded the delegates: "Your deliberations and work in general
should prove crucial to Africa's socio-economic growth. The long-lasting ef-
fects of the decisions you make this week will produce an impact that will

spill well into the next century. You therefore cannot afford to go wrong."

He noted that the tourist potential of the highway was not being overlooked
at the conference. This was an aspect’of particular interest to Zimbabwe as
to other states and would promote better understanding, friendship and co-
operation.

Zimbabwe, he said, was still making progress in developing its road infra-
structure, particularly inthe rural and communal areas to serve peagants | who
had been neglected by colonial regimes.

The Government was also maintaining existing roads and extending some to link
with its sister states.

He said 2 968 km of the existing Zimbabwean road system had been included in
Teaha's main and feeder network. Of this, 2 871 km were two-lane, ‘tar-sur-
faced roads which satisfied all the engineering standards proposed for Teaha
and its feeder routes.

Zimbabwe had also embarked on .a programme of rehabilitating sections of its
international toad network which had outlived its economic life and was de-
teriorating to unacceptable and unserviceable condition.

Rehabilitation on roads included in Teaha's network comprised:

--Reconstruction near Harare of 9 km of the Harate to Mutare road which was
already completed.

--Reconstruction of the Bulawayo to. Beitbridge road, built over expansive soils
over 20 years ago and now failing, due for completion next year;

--Reconstruction near Chirundu necessitated by the’ collapse of the sodicTM
soils originally used in building road embankments, now complete.

--Upgrading of the 88 km of the Masvingo'to Veitbridge road from a narrow to
a wide mat standard.

But Cde Muzenda emphasised: "Zimbabwe's efforts in development will yield

limited value if Teaha member states do not work as tirelessly within the
spirit of co-operation under the guidance of the Economic Commission for

Africa."

cs0: 3400/370

136



YUGOSLAVIAN CONTRACT TO PROVIDE TELEPRINTERS, TRAINING

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 14 May 85 p 4

[Text] THE Kenya Posts -and
Telecom

cso:

munications Corpo-

ration yesterday signed a
contract worth US dollars
1,747,347 (about Kshs.
27,957,552) with 2 Yugoslav
company, Electroniska
trijia-for the supply and
delivery. of ioe page
tcleprinters to the Corpora-.

munications: Corporation

while the Ambess: of the:
Socialist Federal.Republic of
Yugoslavia Mr. Zoran Zagat,

signed on behalf of the
Yugoslav Company.
aah ding 0 th com “
very of the t ers
to. commence immediately.
The contract also provides for
the free training of P&T
Personne! locally and abroad:
P&T technicians will
proceed. to Yugoslavia’ on a
three week. course. On‘ their-
return, they will be
accompanied by two
y instructors from

will train more staff locally.

3400/356

Spares and: maintenance
willbe provided by” the
suy om for

pplying pmpany

aren he pe the

siping ceenon, the Smee ont

greatly to alleviate: the
shortage of telex. services in
the country. He disclosed that:
there are over 800. telex

to of
trade .and industry in: the

“Prof, Ogot ‘disclosed: that

munication Corporation staff
and will meet the corpora-
tion’s needs. .

The ‘Yugosiavian Ambas-
sador said that the signing of
this contract’ will open: new-
ways. for further trade
rel with Kenya: He
Grpanations. fs enyan:

‘more
business with his country and

thanked: the KP&TC for its’
pioneerin:

ig.role-in this case:

24

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA


JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SECRET BODY CONTROLS STELLENBOSCH CAMPUS NEWSPAPER POLITICS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 May 85 p 26

[Text] Cape Town--Claims that the secret, Broederbond-controlled organisation,
the Ruiterwag, manipulates student affairs at Stellenbosch University.to further
its aims are contained in the latest issue of the campus newspaper, Die Matie.

In a front-page report the newspaper names alleged members of. the exclusively
male organisation--including six lecturers and several student leaders.

Students named include serving members of the Students' Representative Coun-
cil (SRC), the Student Parliament (SP), the National Party's student branch,
other student organisations and residence house committees.

Of the lecturers named, two are residence wardens.

Basing its disclosures on information from an unnamed Ruiterwag member, who
“decided to break his oath of secrecy because he can no longer reconcile the
aims of the organisation with his Christian convictions", Die Matie backs
its claims with references to minutes of Ruiterwag meetings on campus.

According to the report the "10 or 11" Ruiterwag cells on campus called Watch-
posts (Wagposte) are each headed by a Chief Guard (Hoofwag)--"usually a lec-
turer who is also a member of the Broederbond".

Each Watchpost has a student chairman, who together form a central committee.

Annual meetings of Watchposts are usually addressed by "a lecturer or another
senior Broederbonder".

Minutes showed that the Ruiterwag was "regularly used" to push specific people
into leadership positions and to manipulate student affairs.

It also appeared that the Ruiterwag provided financial aid to front organi-
sations, including the Voortrekkers (created to counter the Boy Scout movement)
and for SRC elections.

"The Ruiterwag's most important period of activity is just before SRC and SP
elections," the report states. .

93



‘sprs-SSA85~0 54
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

INTERSTATE ROAD NETWORK. STUDY TO BE COMPLETED. SOON
Harare THE HERALD in English 17 May 85 pp 1, 9

[Text] Zimbabwe will soon complete a transport study on a co-ordinated in-
ter-state road network that will promote trade and travel, the Deputy Prime
Minister, Cde Simon Muzenda, said yesterday.

In an official opening address Cde Muzenda told delegates to the Trans-East
African Highway Authority meeting in Harare that this was one of the strategies
designed to link fragmented national networks.

The meeting is seeking ways of abolishing regulations that inhibit the free
flow of traffic between member states.

Cde Muzenda said the development of a sound. road network was essential,
particularly in Africa. This was why the United Nations transport and’ com-
munications decade for’ Africa was considered as an effective means of pulling
the continent out of underdevelopment and poverty.

"Because we are facing numerous obstacles to our economic development the
immediate objective and task of the inter-state facilitation commission of
Teaha is to identify and document those legal and administrative barriers
which have hitherto impeded the smooth flow of traffic and trade along the
Cairo to Gaborone highway," said Cde Muzenda.

Following the acceptance of this crucial objective, Teaha countries had set
out to determine the non-physical barriers to the freedom of travel. and trade
along this highway.

"You, who are leaders in your field within the African region, should take ad-
vantage of this aspect if the full benefits of this and similar conferences
are to be realised by your respective governments."

The meeting, said Cde Muzenda, was to:

--Review the progress of the pre-investment study of the highway.

--Consider the work of the inter-state facilitation commission and its subsi-
diary bodies.

--Examine pertinent administrative matters.

135



SPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW URBANIZATION PLAN LAID BEFORE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 May 85 p 5

[Text]

CSO:

Organised commerce and
ythe Urban Foundation
yesterday called for ‘the
removal of influx control
;and that a new
and positive urbanisation
‘strategy be ‘negotiated
between the. State, : the
-Proad spectrum of black
roar ‘um lack
leadership.
y+ ‘The Foundation, Asso- ,
‘com, the SA Federated
Chamber _ of : Industries
sand the National ‘African ;
{Federated Chambers
‘Commerce and itty
‘were giving evidence in

ema:

Pr ional
5 affairs, The committee is

new tupanisation strate-
‘ey specific refer-
blacks.

3400/366

ist world. In South Africa,
the attempts had created
considerable - . human
hardship and given rise
to legitimate grievances
and international | con-
demnation.

‘The organisations pro-
posed a new approach to to

ition,

would include:
@A_ vigorous, positive
urban development poli-
cy aimed .at  improvi
the life of people already
* living in urban areas and
designed to accommo-
date future . population
; growth. ae

86

@ An economically sound
decentralisation policy.
A, regional economic

pment programme
focussing on rural de-
velopment.

- @The removal of influx

control.

“Experience through-
out the ‘world indicates
that urbanisation is close-
ly: linked with economic

and releases po-

‘ing tential within the cities

that ‘make them able to
absorb many more mi-

grants than was original-
ly “imagined,” ‘the - evi-
dence said.



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GABON

PRESIDENT BONGO ON ‘CLANDESTINE IMMIGRATION’
AB312220 Libreville L'UNION in French 16 May 85 p 6

[Part 4 of a press conference by Omar Bongo, president of Gabon, in
Libreville on 11 May, published in 4 parts by L'UNION from 13 May through
16 May]

{Excerpts] Concerning clandestine immigration, I have told the ministers of
national defense, and labor and employment as well as General Assele [com-
mander of the National Police] that all foreigners living in our :country
should be registered. The ambassador of Congo should know the number of his
countrymen residing in Gabon. The same goes for the ambassadors of
Equatorial-Guinea, the CAR, Cameroon, Sao Tome, Zaire, and Angola. The
ambassadors of Ivory Coast, Senegal, Togo, and Nigeria should know how many
Ivorians, Senegalese, Togolese, and Nigerians there are in Gabon. For other
nationals, the security forces should know the number of Beninese, Burkinabe,
Malians, Nigerois, Guineans, and Chadians in Gabon. Companies operating in
Gabon and those who employ foreigners clandestinely should declare them to
the police and to the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Otherwise, beginning
15 to 30 June 1985, it will be "a run-for-your-life" affair.

I am therefore asking the minister of state for foreign affairs and coopera-
tion to immediately convene all ambassadors from friendly African countries.
Of course, the police and the gendarmerie should undertake their own investi-
gations by putting up roadblocks, and by systematic identity checks. I say:
"We have had too much rain, now it is drought time." I think I will not come
back to this issue of clandestine immigration. After these investigations we
shall know who entered Gabon through the right door, that is, those who came
with work permits delivered by the Ministry of Labor and Employment and an
entry visa delivered by the immigration services of the police and gendarmerie.
We shall then know those who came to our country through the window, that is,
passing through the footpaths in the bush or by canoe. Meanwhile, the borders
should be watched permanently. Comrade Auge "you should as soon as possible
convene all sectional secretaries of the party in all the provinces and all
provincial delegates of the party as well as all the chairmen of the depart-
mental assemblies and draw their attention to dangers about clandestine
immigration." Thus every foreigner who enters clandestinely into Gabon
should be exposed. If ever it is found that some Gabonese are hiding these
illegal aliens in their homes, well, I will deal with them. In fact, it is



aE
a

EB

and “estab-

92



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

(provided by the major South African newspaper groups, including SAAN), wea-
ther reports and consumer goods prices. They will also be able to order goods
and pay for them by credit card, book theatre and cinema tickets, obtain tra-
vel information, access art gallery and museum schedules, and play electronic
games. In addition, users will be able to communicate directly with a number
of corporate computers, in particular those of panks, building societies and
retail stores. Nearly 200 000 pages or screens of information will be avail-
able‘on Beltel. Another useful facility is that of electronic mail between
the Beltel user terminals. Each registered user has an electronic mail box
available which will hold up to 23 electronic letters which can be stored or
scrapped as required. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 May 85

p 7]

DIRECT FLIGHT--A new direct flight between Port Elizabeth and Johannesburg,
which will cater especially for businessmen, is to be introduced on July 1.
The flight will leave PE at 7.45am and arrive in Johannesburg at.9.10am, The
return flight leaves Johannesburg at 5.55pm and arrives in PE at 7.30pm.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 May 85 p 1)

ESTATES SEQUESTRATED AND COMPANIES LIQUIDATED--The Minister of Justice, Kobie
Coetsee, says the estates of 1 657, people were sequestrated and 2 715 companies
were liquidated last year. His figures indicate that the number of sequestra-
tions was 38% higher than in 1983. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in Eng-
lish 27 May 85 p 1)

SMUTS UPGRADING--Details of a large new domestic departure terminal and a R20m
plan to upgrade existing buildings at Jan Smuts Airport were given yesterday
by the Minister of Transport Affairs, Hendrik Schoeman. The new terminal
complex, scheduled for completion in 1995, will be built between parallel run-
ways and will consist of a new terminal building, operations complex, access
roads, parking and other facilities. {Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 28 May 85 p 1]

TUTU POPULARITY POLL--The Anglican Bishop of Johannesburg and Nobel Peace
Price winner, Bishop Desmond Tutu, is well liked in the townships according to
a recent survey. Of the 780 black urban women interviewed, 55 percent of
those:who knew the Bishop liked him very much,: while only nine percent said
they did not like him at all. About 31 percent of the women liked the Bishop
"g little". The 32 percent who had never heard of Bishop Tutu were mainly
low-income earners; poorly: educated and those over 50. The Markinor Gallup
Poll found that support for the Bishop was greater among more affluent and
better educated blacks. In contrast to the Bishop's popularity in the town-
ships, a survey of urban whites earlier this year found that one in 10 be-
lieved Bishop Tutu deserved the Nobel Peace Prize, or supported his appoint-
ment as the Bishop of Johannesburg. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English
20 May 85 p 6] ;

97



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

LENIN'S CLASSIC NOW IN SHONA LANGUAGE
Harare THE HERALD in English 24 May 85 p 9

[Text] The first translations into Shona and Ndebele of Vladimir Lenin's
classic, The Three Sources and Three Component Parts of Marxism, were offi-
cially launched last night by the Zanu (PF) secretary for the commissariat
and culture, Dr Herbert Ushewokunze.

Speaking at the Zimbabwe Institute of Development Studies Cde Ushewokunze,

who is also the Minister of Transport and a member of the Zanu (PF) Polit-

buro, said the translations which were the culmination of 18 months of hard
work was a milestone in Zimbabwean publishing and represented "a small but

significant step ahead in the struggle against colonialism and imperialism

on the African continent".

He said the importance of. the work could be expressed as a breakthrough in
linguistic barriers and a notable academic achievement.

He said the translated book was a "brief article in which Lenin shows how
Marx revolutionised philosophy, political economy and socialism".

It showed that the economic organisation in society was the basis upon which
all political ideological ideas and practice depended.

Cde Ushewokunze said the booklet elaborated the doctrine of class struggle,
"showing that the working class created by capitalism was also. the only social
force capable of destroying capitalism and creating a new society based on
equality".

The translations were made by Cde Arnold Sabanda, Cde Magiga Cabi, Cde Edgar
Tati Chiguda, Cde Mongosuthu Chartes Halinnana, Cde Cain Ginyilitshe Mathema

and Cde David Kaulemn. Published by Star Press the translations were printed
by Memorial Co-operative and distributed by Grass roots.

CSO: 3400/368

113



JPRS+SSA=85-054

27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR DISCUSSES VIEWS ON FACING DISINVESTMENT THREAT

Johannesburg LEADERSHIP SOUTH AFRICA in English First Quarter 1985 pp 53, 54,

57, 59

{Arti¢le by David Welsh, professor of Southern African studies, University of

Cape Town]

[Text]

In considering the disinvestment issue it is as well to
begin by making a few concessions to the disinvest-
ment lobby. It would be churlish to deny that the
threat of disinvestment has been a spur to reform in
commerce and industry. There can be little doubt
that the unprecedentedly strong memorandum
jointly presented to Senator Edward Kennedy early
in January by national employer groups reflected a
teal concem that disinvestment threats might be
translated into practice. What was striking about the
memorandum was its unequivocal call for legislative
goals that, if implemented, would spell the end of
the old order of racial domination.

Let us also acknowledge that for far too Jong pri-
vate enterprise has been insufficiently outspoken in
its condemnation of racial discrimination. It is a per-
fectly valid argument against disinvestment to say
that a disproportionate burden of its costs will be
bome by blacks: but is there not just a grain of truth
in the counter-observation that some of the people
who make the argument have hardly been conspicu-
ous in their previous championing of black welfare
claims?

A further concession to the boycott brigade has to
be made in the case of sport. It is surely inconceiv-
able that the steps towards desegregating organised
sport would have been taken without the pressure of
the intemational drive to cut sporting links with
South Africa. Those who have advocated this boy-
cott, however, find themselves in something of a
bind because, on the one hand, they are anxious to
claim the effects of the boycott as a “success” with
relevance for boycotts in the other spheres, while, on

the other hand, their refusal to acknowledge any sig-
nificant change in South Africa, requires them to in-
sist that the changes in sport are purely “cosmetic”.

In my view it would be unwise to react to the
threat of economic sanctions by confident assertions
of South Africa’s invulnerability to them. A good case
can be made for the view that the impact of foreign
pressure will not make much of a dent in the South
African system, let alone topple it. Yet it remains true
that disinvestment — the most likely kind of sanction
for the foreseeable future — can damage the South
African economy in direct and indirect ways. Indeed,
it probably has already done considerable damage.
Take the hypothetical case of the American corpor-
ation pondering the question of where to set up a
foreign subsidiary. South Africa? Well, the likely rate
of return on the investment might be good, but what
about the “hassle factor” — having all those church,
student and other disinvestment groups constantly
on one’s back? And what if a South African connec-
tion has adverse effects on sales in the domestic (i.e.
American) market? The latter possibility is likely to
be the most powerful consideration.

It is impossible to estimate how many potential
investors have shied away from South Africa for these
reasons, but it seems reasonable to assume that quite
large capital injections must have been foregone.

The basic problem with disinvestment, as with
all forms of economic sanctions, is that its advocates
are unable to spell out a convincing scenario of antici-
pated consequences for the economy, let alone for
the entire political set-up. A major unknown is the
effect that disinvestment measures legislated by the

60



hostility and apprehension. The only way
to handle that is to be with people and give
them the chance to get to know me and for
me to know them. As bishop, I have to get
to know my diocese.

Murray: As muchas you havea black
community for whom you are responsible
pastorally, you also now have a white
community. Leading these groups to-
gether will present an enormous chal-
lenge. .

Tutu: I think you should remember that
the SACC has a multi-racial or a non-racial
constituency. But I do agree that it isa
much more intense situation here. Even
the question of where the bishop lives
takes on a far greater significance than
where the general secretary of the SACC
lives. But we will be living mainly in
Soweto. We are in the fortunate position
of having two residences — the other is in
Westcliff.

Murray: Since you received the Nobel
Peace Prize you have come face to face
with world leaders, particularly President
Reagan. With the wisdom of hindsight and
having been able to reflect a bit on this
meeting, how would you characterise
your talks with him?

Tutu: I think he had to respond to several
pressures which led to his inviting us to
meet him. Up to that point he hadn’t
shown a great deal of enthusiasm. But
when the demonstrations began and mem-

bers of his own party sterted making sounds |

that were somewhat
unfamiliar in their
sharp criticism of apar-
theid, with some of
them even saying they
were ready to support
sanctions, he then felt
under considerable
pressure to meet with
me.
I thought it was
going to be a formal
meeting of just 10 or 15 minutes — meet
the President of the United States, shake
hands, take pictures, that’s that. Every-
body was surprised that we spent about
40 minutes with him. He also broughta
very significant entourage. There was the
Vice-President, the Secretary of State, the

66

National Security Adviser and Chester
Crocker. That in itself seemed to be saying
something.

My wife, who was sitting opposite him,
said she noted that there were very many
occasions when he seemed to have been
taken by surprise by the things I had said,
and he listened. I had decided that there
‘was no point in mincing our words; that it
was far better to negotiate downwards than
upwards. So, I just gave him our views as
firmly and as courteously as I could. It was
he who suggested that we have a further
meeting with other members of his cabinet
since he had already overrun his time for
the next appointment. We therefore hada
further hour with the Vice-President and
Chester Crocker. So I would say that while
he did not budge on his fundamental atti-
tude towards constructive engagement, he
certainly incorporated some of the things
that we had said when he made his Human
Rights speech. +

And while he still claimed that he be-
lieved in what he called quiet diplomacy,
he certainly escalated his criticism of apart-
heid in an unprecedented way. I think that
for him the policy cost of constructive en-
gagement has been significantly increased
in the United States.

Murray: There are different emphases
now if you take the disinvestment issue.
The fact that there seems to be such a
strong bi-partisan approach in this re-
gard would seem to indicate that the US
President's strong rejection of economic
sanctions against South Africa may not
be taken as seriously as in the past.

Tutu: When you have a President who
cannot run for re-election then you have a
lame-duck. There is no longer the same
kind of pressure on people to try to please
him, as would have been the case if they
knew he would be up for re-election. This
is one of the reasons he has that kind of
problem. But the other side of it is that he
can do virtually what he pleases since he is
not trying to run for re-election and for
another term.

Murray: In your enthronement speech
you gave a timetable for the dismantling
of apartheid. It has been seen by some

as throwing down a gauntlet. What is the
feasibility, the reality of dismantling apart-
heid within that two-year constraint?



banks and the ministries where the fraud originated. It seems that in the
workplace CDR's failed to notice what was going on or, having noticed it,
they failed to report it because their close colleagues were involved.
Remember, Boham would not have been arrested if he had not been found drunk
with 70,000 cedis with an AK47 rifle in his car at night.

The episode may also signal something worse, a failure of conviction about
the noble goals of the revolution, which in turn may have made some erst-
while cadres turn away from vigilance toward criminality. Thus a great task
faces the national secretariat of the CDR's to restore the cadres to their
former high state of vigilance which must begin with their readiness to
correct themselves. In addition, the NIC must increase its receptiveness
in tracking down wrongdoers. In this, it should use also the traditional
investigatory bodies and insist on annual declaration of not.only local but
also foreign assets including any gifts paid into foreign accounts for
people.

As stated earlier, there is a direct relationship between accountability
and the work ethics which the chairman of the PNDC [Provisional National
Defense Council] referred to at the commissioning of the GBC [Ghana Broad-
casting Corporation] transmitters yesterday. Thus all measures that will
result in cleaning up the system of all malpractices will be a direct
effort to usher in the principle of hard work as a national culture.

cso: 3400/374

11



Members or students who support the Ruiterwag's aims are vetted before being
asked to stand for elections and voters are influenced to vote for them, it
says.

According to Die Matie's informant, Ruiterwag-selected candidates are rehear-
sed before facing the traditional SRC "circus" when students quiz candidates
on their manifestos.

Candidates are asked pre-arranged questions by Ruiterwag members, the re-
port says.

The Rector, Professor Mike’ de Vries, said last night he had not seen the re-
port but was aware the Ruiterwag was active "on every Afrikaans-speaking cam—
pus".

He was not informed of local Ruiterwag activities as they were private matters
in which he would not interfere.

He said he found it "difficult to believe" that 100 students--the number Die
Matie claims are Ruiterwag members--could influence Stellenbosch's student
population of 13 000.

Die Matie says the Ruiterwag was founded in Floemfontein in 1956 by a former
rector of Stellenbosch University, Professor H B Thom, then chairman of the
Broederbond.

CSO: 3400/366

94



BOY CITES POLITICAL DIVISION IN MOMBASA IN DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 9 May 85 p 4

[Text] -POLITICIQNS in Mombasa

cso:

have split up.into two camps,
the MP: for Kwale Central,
Boy Juma Boy, said:
‘ontributing to a freelance
motion by the: MP for
Mombasa North, Mr. Hbralelaa
urging the Ministry

of. Local Government in
conjunction with:
munitcipality of Mombasa to
make ‘arrangements for :the
development of the” roads»
and drainage system in the
Kongowea area of Mombasa, +
Boy .alleged that political
divisions erupted daily thus
causing delay in
developmént.

He named the Mombasa’s
two giarits as an Assistant:
Minister for Lands “and
Settlement, Mr. Shariff Nassir
who .is also the - MP. for
Mombasa Central who has
the mayor and all ihe
Mombasa Municipal
councillors in his camp and.
‘on the other hand’ the MP
for Mombasa’ South, Mr.
Abdallah

Mwidau-on the
other camp. with -other
Mombasa MPs

, Boy urged the elected
leaders be they MPs or
councillors, to look after the

‘them and stop mudslinging.
He’ complained that the
leadership squabbles in
:Mombasa had retarded the
"development so much so that

3400/356

‘school children had no buses
to. go to school on. Same
artived as late as 9.00 a.m.
daily due to lack of buses.

Introducing the motion
Mwaruwa, had said’ political
divisions among the elected
members of parliament from
Mombasa were retarding
development in the district.

An Assistant Minister tor
Local Government and MP
for Nakuru West. Mir. John
Mungai supported the:
motion. He warned leaders
not to influence warkers: to
go slow because this retarded
development.

16

JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

SOVIET GIFT--On March 22 a Soviet tanker, the Alekseyevka, was ‘pumping 4000t
of marine diesel worth some $600,000 into storage tanks in Victoria harbour
as part of a Soviet gift. The gift agreement in 1984 was for 7500t of fuel
and 130t of metal sheets, in all worth over $2m. Under a previous agreement
the Soviet Union delivered $5m worth of more expensive fuel, heavy equipment
and cement over the past two years, also as gifts. Earlier, an agreement

on cultural and scientific cooperation was signed in Victoria by James Michek,
the Minister of Education and Information, and Serafim Serafimov, the Bulgarian
Ambassador to the Seychelles. Under the two-year agreement, scholarships will
be granted to Seychelles students and visits as well as cultural exchanges
will be organised. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English May 85

p 32]

MILITARY RAISE CROPS--Self-sufficiency is a goal involving soldiers, too, not
just fishermen, farmers and manufacturers. The country's army camps are all
producing as much of their own food as possible so as to reduce their reliance
on the state, contribute to food production and economic development. To peo-
ple travelling along the east coast road, the neat, well-stocked, vegetable
garden of the Pointe Larue Army Camp (PLC) at the southern end of the airport
runway has been a familiar sight for a long time. With all the soldiers tak-
ing their turn tending the vegetable beds, the 200m x 75m garden not only pro-
duces all the eggplants, cabbages, chilis, green beans and other crops the
camp needs, but also turns out a surplus to be sold to the Marketing Board.
[Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE JOURNAL in English May 85 p 32]

cs0: 3400/345

45



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27: June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REGIONAL TOWNS FOR FAMILIES OF BLACK CITY WORKERS PROPOSED
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 May 85 p 5

[Text]

Large regional towns should be created to house the them. If they did so it would lead to chaos and unem-
families of blacks living and working in cities, Mr | ployment.” .

John Knoetze, chairman of the West Rand Develop-'. Existing urbanised blacks should not be forced out
- ment Board, said in Johannesburg yesterday. < of cities by the masses from outside. .

He was giving evidence to.the President Council’s , Housing should be provided by employers and not
Constitutional Committee, which is compiling a re- _; the Government, said Mr Niemandt. .. j
port on a new urbanisation strategy — with specific ; Many urban blacks wanted hostel-dwellers in their
reference to blacks. . . \ townships because they helped pay for-local ameni-

Mr Knoetze said half the expected nine million | ties. “Most hostel-dwellers' don’t want housing in the
blacks who will become, urbanised by the year 2000 { townships with their families.”

cso: 3400/366

90



JPRS~SSA*85~054
27 June 1985

COLD STORAGE FACILITIES DOUBLED AT AIRPORT

Nairobi EA REPORT ON TRADE & INDUSTRY in English May 85 p 7

[Text] AX Assistant Minister for Agriculture,

cso:

Mr. George Mwicigi, who has special
responsibility for the development of
horticultural crops, ‘expressed the Kenya
Government's concern over the losses of
horticultural produce that occur at Nairobi’s
Jomo Kenyatta International Airport,
causing not only loss of foreign exchange
but also humiliation and frustration to
farmers. Mr. Mwicigi said that in
recognition of this problem the government
has agreed to liberalise its air service policy
in considering favourably applications for
extra cargo space to uplift horticultural
produce to help minimise losses at the
airport.

The Assistant Minister was speaking at
the recent opening of the Sulmac Co. Ltd.'s
new cold store extensions at the airport
which have cost more than Sh. 4 million.

Mr. Mwicigi went on to say: “Lack of
cargo space is not the only problem facing
the horticultural industry, Lack, of cold
storage facilities is also a very big
constraint”, It was encouraging that Sulmac
had extended its own cold store facilities at
the airport and he urged other exporters to
follow the company’s lead. ,

Mr. David Gray, chief executive of
Sulmac, told guests at the ceremony that the
company had exported 170 million flowers
during the 1983-84 season and expects this
season’s total to be in the region of 200
million.

The new extensions have doubled the
handling capacity of the cold store and it can
now handle some 8,000 boxes -- three-and-a-
half to four million flowers -- at a time.

Mr. Gray said the extensions to the cold
store, which represented an investment of
over Sh. 4 million, demonstrated Sulmac’s
confidence in its planned expansion of its

$
export activities, but pointed out that

3400/360

production custs are rising more rapidly
than the market price of flowers, which
means the company’s overall profitabili
can only be safeguarded by increased
production and efficiency.

The export of flowers currently represents
about 20 per cent by weight of Kenya's total
horticultural exports but 40 per cent of the
total value, earning over K£8 million at FoB
values.

28



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

FARMING LEADERS WELCOME NEW PRICES .

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 May 85 pl

[Text] FARMERS’

cso:

“Teaders

yesterday hailed the pro-
ducer price package an-
nounc on Wednesday,
describing it ag a itive |
indication of the Govern- ;

serves support ‘because it
Js, building a Bound base
ae siden it of rc
e pres e
zimbabie Nationa) Far.
mers’ Union, : Cée
Mogodaire

ae

of cotton to. 67c per kg
“ds & very positive step”.
He added: “I believe
the Government is cor-
rect to encourage cotton.
production by meang of

ment’s commitment to
agriculture. een ‘with - the ptice mechanism.” ;
Commercial = Farmers’ new p ices. We only ap- | The chairman of the

Union president Mr John

peal ‘to the Government

winter cereals sub-com-

Laurie said the Cc] that an; re-planting mittee of OGPA, Mr, Bob
announced by Fine atin? price review? initiatives Rutherford,’ sald:

ter of A by ine wine: ‘should be in ‘the best Government's awareness
Senator nis Norman, interests of the mation.” to the producers plight is

was “balanced” partic-
ularly in view of the good
geagon the country has

The president of the
National Farmers’ | As- '
sociation of Zimbabwe,

Leaders of commodity
associations also _-wel-
comed the Producer Brice
package,

f step in the ‘the night diress
as
Chairmen of the Com-

and well iust-
rated eet the overall park-
age announcement,

“With @ price of $285
per tonne fér wheat, pro-
ducers ~ must maximise
yield to give them a fal foie

Robinson Gapare, mercia) Grain Producers’ return. ‘on
said package was Association’ Mr = Bud — vestment."
ous to- fcommunai ;Whitaker said that while The chairman ‘tho
that con. ibe had | sought an increase - Commercial conseeds Pro-
Gnmaten “of fi $180-a-

over the 282 a | tonne for
"maize, ‘will

ducers’ Association, Me
Warwick Hale, sald:

mani to ing “he fatto improved soyabean prea

Tne. cotton priog is 8 : ayo the three years of ghoul ensure B healthy healthy
ie create « . CI

Se cieading (jn the right Grought”. ‘under production and will

direction. We ‘hope the
new uts price will |
“be e foundation on
which to start bringing {1
to Fd feet cet ogaln, "he said.
capacity as

. Producers av ottite te be
ce for a ice
with inflation ic
vifeguard the production
vhectarage vital for Zim-

pei the farmer an op-.
unity rotate crops
End minimise his risk.” .
ot groundnuts Mr Hale
“The Increase ts a

re babwe and SADCC needs. Bostive move to ra-'
iets com: Mr Whitaker said: we production.
zen ie eo toe eae See ae os
‘
the fo rte ce of RS price to a parallel posi market prices, Tt ts un-
likely to attract ‘substan:

three asec Con commodities

‘ton with maize, It ry tow

‘clearly. 4 ro’ tial deliveries back into
“and inflows, EToUnEMUYS Position” for drought- the orderly marketing
creased, areas.” channels.’

“Any government that :The president of fhe ‘The sunflower price, he
tooks r the intereste COmmercial Cotton said, should make this ap
of its farming sector de Growers’ Association, ‘Mr attractive alternative

Peter Flanagan, said the roe for the communal

3400/367

increase in A grade price

128

farmer.


JPRS=SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

GHANA

RAWLINGS COMMISSIONS BROADCASTING TRANSMITTERS
AB031626 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 3 Jun 85

[Text] The chairman of the PNDC [Provisional National Defense Council],
Flight Lieutenant Rawlings, today commissioned two new 50 kw transmitters
for the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation [GBC] in Accra. The project, which
was wholly financed by the government, cost $3.2 million with the cedi
component of 7.8 million cedis.

In a speech, Chairman Rawlings said it was an occasion to reflect on the
achievements of the GBC and question its performances over the last 50
years. He said it is one thing having sophisticated equipment and another
to plan programs to benefit the majority of the people. The leader of the
revolution said the only appreciation the GBC can show the people is to

help them know the truth and to understand the ongoing process. There
should be programs in all the Ghanaian languages on their farming activities,
their cultural values and virtues.

The undersecretary for information, Totobi Quakyi, who chaired the function,
said the mass media are aware of the role that they should play in the on-
going revolutionary process. And for this reason, they are responsive to
the criticisms they are subjected to occasionally. Mr Quakyi said the best
possible response to the criticism is to endeavor to raise the quality of
their work in full appreciation of the valued framework in which they work.
He said the media have wide capabilities that the greatest disservice they
can do to society will be to perpetrate psychic and moral violence on the
people. This sort of violence is of a more subtle nature than physical
brutality, and is all the more dangerous because it rarely raises a pro-
test, even from the victim.

Earlier, the director general of the GBC, Fifi Hesse, announced that. the
next stage of the rehabilitation exercise is to convert one of the tele-
vision studios into color at the cost of $1.9 million. This project will
be completed by February next year and will also be financed by the govern-
ment. The television transmitters at Anyangote, Jamasi, and Kisi will also
undergo modernization at the cost of $2.9 million to be borne by a Japanese
grant. Mr Fifi Hesse said with the new transmitters he is confident that
there will be fewer or no breaks in transmission at all.

cso: 3400/375

12



time-consuming. The technicalities tor
registration of title will probably be more
expensive, so leasehold will always be a
somewhat cheaper alternative.

But in discussing this whole question of
influx control and urbanisation and hous-
ing, I think one very important thing has
come to be accepted, and where there has
been a change in policy — the quality and
the nature of housing should be within the
financial means of the residents. There has
been too much of an emphasis on con-
ventional First World housing standards,
however modest they may be. I think
we must accept that a large part of the
population is not able to pay forevena
subsidised conventional type of housing
structure. These people must be provided
with a simple serviced site in a well
planned township development with the
necessary amenities like schools, clinics
and shops, on which to set up a shack,
even a squatter type of structure. They
must then be left to their own devices as
they progress financially to convert this
gradually to d more conventional type of
housing.

This is going to be very important—
that a large part of urbanised housing will
have to be unconventional but controlled —
housing which one normally associates with
asquatter settlement. But the squatter
settlement, of course, is uncontrolled in
terms of hygiene, in terms of service and
in terms of congestion. Where it is a con-
trolled unconventional housing scheme
those disadvantages could be eliminated.

Murray: The government appears

to have accepted the fact that Gatsha
Buthelezi will never take independence
and that kwaZulu will always operate on
a different basis to the other homelands.
What does it mean in regard to govern-
ment’s policy on the national statesP

Viljoen: I think we must get the policy
quite straight there. The State President
has reaffirmed the government’s commit-

, ment to self-governing national states
and to the ideal that these states should
develop to independence. But this is sub-
ject to their acceptance, and there will be

- nocompulsion. In this regard the State Pre-
sident maintains that such obstructions as
the question of citizenship should be nego-
tiated and as far as possible removed.

Think that this is one of the biggest

56

obstacles to the further acceptance of
independence by present self-governing
homelands. They have made quite clear
that more acceptable arrangements for
fetaining the essentials of South African
citizenship should be made other than _
those that exist at present. Secondly the
State President also says that insofar as
national states or homelands which do

not accept independence are concerned,
further development toward self govern-
ment must proceed and an enriched status
of self-government could be negotiated.
Also, those new structures for blacks out-
side the national states should not only link
up constitutionally with the central gov-
emmental structures of South Africa, but
could also in appropriate cases link up with
structures in the national states. This could
obviously bring about a new dispensation
with regard to the role of the kwaZulu
Government. These are all areas of nego-
tiation that certainly will be explored.

Murray: This implies a very radical
rethink on kwaZulu.

Viljoen: The position of kwaZulu is
unusual in several respects. First of all, it
concems a very latge nation. Secondly itis,
by virtue of its geographic spread and pre-
sent fragmentation, interwoven with the
totality of Natal. And thirdly, in that area
with which it is interwoven, there are
virtually no other black groups. Itis pre-
dominantly a Zulu area, and the economic
interdependence of the kwaZulu and Natal
elements is very strong.

Murray: Are you saying basically that
the government is more sympathetic than
was thought at first to the fundamental
findings of the Buthelezi commission?

Viljoen: I personally believe that there are
many areas in the Buthelezi Commission
which we could well positively explore

in negotiation and in consultation with
the kwaZulu Government. There are, es-
pecially:in the economic and social fields,
several areas which I think merit further
study — especially in view of the urgent
need for further industrial development
within kwaZulu, and the region’s tre-
mendous population pressures, In the
context of discussing co-operation towards
meaningful and dynamic industrial devel-
opment in the appropriate areas of kwa-



BULAWAYO. FIRM TO SHIP FARMING IMPLEMENTS TO AFRICAN COUNTRIES’

IJPRS~SSA~85~-054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE -

Bulawayo BUSINESS CHRONICLE Supplement in English 23 May 85 p 2

[Text] gIMPLOW Ltd this week

cso:

started .shippipg more
than $800000 worth of
farming implements to
four African countries,

The managing director, Mr
Francois Viljoen said this,
week inquiries for further
supplies valued at nearly $2
million had “been received
during the Trade Fair and
were being followed tp.

Export shipments ‘that
mtarted leaving the. Steel-
works Road factory of the
company this week are hoes
and machine parts with a to-*
tal value of $550 000 for Tan-
zania, a mixture: of imple:
ments, hoes and hand tools
worth $143 009 for Mozam-

.bique and .$14500 worth of
cultivators for South Africa.

“In addition we have ready
; for dispatch $137 782 worth
a mixture of ploughs,
spares and hoes for Uganda,”
said Mr Viljoen.

Mr Vilsoen said the Tan

zanian order was for a con-
tract period of six months

and the company had had to,

employ 61 more people to
_ boost production.

The South African market
was expected to grow to
about $700 000 - $1 million

Further inguiries had been
received from Uganda, Bu-
rundi,. Mozambique, Zambia
and “Swaziland , which were

expected to result in earnings
of $1,7 million in foreign ex-
change,‘he said. *

‘In addition to these five

3400/363

. we have received an interest.

ing inquiry from apa
with a value of $100
said Mr Viljoen.

All inquiries were being
followed up, he said.

“We are very delighted
with these orders, especially
after two lean years because

ot the drought, and we are:

looking forward to working

with SADCC_ countries in’

terms of the PTA,” said | Mr
Viljoen.

His only complaint was
_ whether his company would
“get the necessary foreign cur-
ency to import raw materials

for or the domestic market.
“We anticipate that domes-

tic orders will be up 33% this |

year,”, said Mr vil} joen.

Imports accounted for 14%
of the company’s total manu-
‘facturing with the rest
-made up of local materials.

to Me need foreign currenc
to import carbon

which Ziseo cannot supply.”
‘Mr’ Viljoen said he was

- worried that without the for-

eign exchange necessary for

imported inputs the company,

will not be able to cope with
the domestic upturn of trade.

125



JPRS+SSA*85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

ZAPU DOCUMENT ARGUES FOR UNITED FRONT
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 26 May 85 p 3

[Text] The solution to problems requiring broader national. approaches could
be achieved through the formation of a united front at which participants con-
tribute freely, says a Zapu document that has been circulated to all political
parties in Zimbabwe.

Entitled A Case for a United Front, the Zapu proposal is in a five-page docu-
ment which says it is aimed at “uniting all Zimbabweans". The document was
first circulated at the beginning of last month.

The party's information and publicity secretary, Cde John Nkomo, has said
that the proposals had also been sent to representatives of commerce and agri-
culture and trade unionists.

"At its congress in 1984 Zapu made a proposal for the formation of a united
front of all progressive forces in Zimbabwe. The congress subsequently charged
the central committee of -Zapu to pursue the proposal. It is the pursuance of
that resolution that we now forward to you a brief elucidation on the proposal
and would welcome any views and/or contributions from you in the name of harmony
and stability," the document adds.

Both Mr Ian Smith, the Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe leader, and Bishop
Abel Muzorewa of the UANC have indicated that they are prepared to consider
taking part in the proposed united front. Zanu (PF) has condemned it, saying
"it is not a front of any progressive forces".

But Cde Nkomo has said that his party does not expect the people to whom the
document has been sent to “rush their responses as we hope they will take their
time and digest and then see if there is anything they can contribute".

The document says that "comparison of opinions, the search for the best alter-
natives, freedom of discussion and criticism are the only democratic ways of
achieving unity.. The rejection of those who think differently is counter-
productive. The accumulation of diverse opinion and experience is the firm
pasis of achieving real unity and progress".

109



JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

LARGEST NUMBER OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS GRADUATE
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 19 May 85 p 1

[Text] The largest number of university students to be capped at any one
ceremony in the country's history graduated at the University of: Zimbabwe
yesterday.

And there was a record turnout of witnesses: more than 8°000 people thronged
the campus to watch 883 friends, fellow students and relatives receiving their
degrees from University Chancellor and State President Cde Canaan Banana.

It was a colourful occasion marked in parts by thunderous applause and ulula~
tion. Highlights of the ceremony were the graduation of a quadraplegic, Bar-
ney Greenland, who completed studies for a BL degree, and three blind stu-
dents--Christopher. Hales, who completed an LLB degree; Rudo Moyo and Timothy
Mudarikwa, both of whom completed BA degree studies.

There was ringing applause when the Chancellor, President Banana, stepped
down from the rostrum to cap Mr Greenland in his wheelchair. Mr Greenland
uses his mouth to write.

Air Vice-Marshal Josiah Tungamirai received a BA honours degree in history
after having taken a part-time course.

Diplomas and certificates were also received by 2 223 students. The diplomas
included for the first time, 12 awards for War and Strategic Studies.

The record numbers of graduates were "not for their own sake" but a "sign of
the times", Vice-Chancellor Professor Walter Kamba said.

In an address before the presentation of the degrees, Professor Kamba said
record numbers of graduates would continue for some time.

"The rapid increase in student population is for a purpose," he said, "It
is our response to the national call for highly-trained manpower. Zimbabwe
has invested so much in education and Zimbabwe expects to get some returns
from its investment."

111



Saudi Prince Planning Massive Investment
(THE HERALD, 21 May 85)....cceccecccccccececcecccceucecs

Small-Scale Tobacco Farmers Show Successes
(THE HERALD, 17 May 85) .cceccscsccnccecscseccccscevceces

Bulawayo Firm To Ship Farming Implements to African Countries
(BUSINESS CHRONICLE, 23 May 85)eccsccevccccccccsececees

Most Producer Prices Increased
(THE HERALD, 23 May 85)....cecceccccucccccccuccsccceuccs

Farming Leaders Welcome New Prices
(THE HERALD, 24 May 85)...ccccccesccecccecceecceeceeuces

Task Force To Monitor Crop Transport Fees
(THE HERALD, 24 May 85).....ecccecccuccecsceccceeccescee

Big Oil Palm Project for Mwenezi
(THE HERALD, 17 May 85).ccccccceccceccascccecseecseesees

Mining Co-Op Planned
(THE. CHRONICLE, 22 May 85)...cceccececcececceccececseces

Mining Industry Efforts Praised
(THE CHRONICLE, 23 May 85)..cccceecccececececscececscece

Mining Industry Records Increase in Volume
(THE HERALD, 23 May 85).c.cceccscecceccececceceucssceves

Harare Chairs East Africans Highway Body
(THE HERALD, 16 May 85). .cvccccsecccceccecscceccececeess

Interstate Road Network Study To Be Completed Soon
(THE HERALD, 17 May 85) s.cscccecscccecccececcceccssccees

Swedish Agency To Provide Trucks for Railways
(THE HERALD, 23 May 85).....seeeeecseeeceees

Incentives Exist for Rural Investment
(THE HERALD, 17 May 85)...eceecscesccccecccccececeeceees

Business Men Hail Currency Move
(THE CHRONICLE, 22 May 85).csecccccecscscscscccccceveces

Chidzero Eases Freeze on Remittances
(THE HERALD, 22 May 85)..ccecceccccscescesssceceececeecs

122

123

125

126

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

137

138

140

141


the matter with your own

local authorities who
refused to listen to Minister, since this
requests or constitutes own affairs.”
recommendations from Said Mr Lockey: “Own af-
“coloured management © fairs has just become
comimittees. another word the whites
Labour Party MP Mr in this country can use to
Desmond Lockey told of - continue with apartheid
an incident in his iome . . and what is more they
town, Vryburg, where want to be in charge of *
‘there was a sports © ~” housing in our .
stadium with eight rugby communities as well.
fields and 18 tennis Numerous other".
courts 300 m from his incidents on such lines
shouse, weére described by :
“There are over 400 coloured MPs.
active-sportsmen in that In some cases white local
particular community,” authorities were reported
said. even to have refused to
“We have never had talk to local coloured
‘s facilities.” ‘leaders.
1 i: In other cases -
municipalities were said
to have joked with one
: another about what they
did for coloured housing.
to the local authority and » And coloured people
asked whether it would’. -were said to be living in
not be possible to share _ *matchboxes provided by
the facilities, even if the white local authorities.
‘coloured community had One of the main
‘to pay a fee. complaints was that
‘ The local authority. ~ white local authorities
referred him to the MPC, fixed rents for coloured
‘although the coloured houses which the people
people. were not + - could not afford.
represented in the The rents were
Provincial Council. determined without
Mr Lockey then had talks consultation with the
twith the MPC in Vryburg coloured communities,
“and after.a few weekshe and those who failed to
«received a letter saying: pay were threatened with
‘T think you should settle eviction.
cso: 3400/365

88



JPRS+SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

KENYA

AMENDED UNIVERSITY BILL SAILS THROUGH PARLIAMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 17 May 85 p 5

[Text] The Universities Bill number

cso:

6 sailed through the second
reading with heavy amend-
ments. .

‘The Bill was later given the
third and final reading. It seeks to
allow the establishment of
private universities.

‘After the committee stage,-
Members. of Parliament con-.

gratulated the Minister for
ducation, Science and
‘Technology, Professor Jonathan

Neg’eno and the Attorney-~

General, Mr Justice Matthew
Muli, for taking heed of the MPs
views in making the amend-
ments. .

Mr Martin Shikuku (Butere)
said “this should serve as, an
xample -to Ministers. ‘They
should sit in the House and
to Members’ views and
porate them into their Bi
vay, Mr Shikuku. said.
Minister would get maximum co-
aperation from MPs.

Mr Kitili Mwendwa (Kitui
West) said the commissioners to
serve in the Higher Education
Commission should. be
nominated by the Minister for
Education, Science and
Technology and formally appoin-
ted hy Pr nt Moi.

He said this would give all
commissioners equal powers and
authorities.

Mr Gideon Mutiso. (Yatta)
said the Chief Secretary
should not sit on the commission
especially when the Permanent
Secretary for Education, Science
and Technology was on it. "

Mr Matiso expressed the fear
‘that including the Chief
Secretary in the commission
removed the chance for appeals
ions made by the

Angatia (Lurambi
‘including Ministers

3400/358

and the Chief Secretary in the
commission removed any chance
for open deliberations by all
officers sitting in it.

He said ‘many junior officers or
commissioners sitting “there
would fear expressing opinions
opposed to: those of the Chief
Secretary.

He said the officers sitting in
the commission should be given
all the authority needed and
act without fear or favour.
he Attorney-General, Mr
Justice Muli said the inclusion of
the Chief Secretary and the direc-
tor of personnel management in

ission and the
s council was only for
the beginning. He said these
sections may be amended if need
he.

Mr Matu Wamae (Mathira)
was full of praise for the way the
Bill had been. handled “by the
Ministry. ‘This should be a mode!
for other Ministers to follow, Mr
Wamae said.

Mr Samuel Kivuitu
(Parklands) said the commission
should make sure standards in
these universities were kept high.

id there was a danger of
businessmen opening third rate
universities and minting out of
them.

Mr Kivuitu said since it is

mainly the rich. who will take
advantage of the universities, this
country runsthe danger of paving
centres for the promotion of
elitism.

He ‘urged the Government to
miard against. the opening of
Stons or Harrods in Kenya.
‘These two institutions serve the
rich and ruling classes in Britain.
Vr Mukasa Mango (Busia
East) expressed the hope that the
national . universities: already
established would not now be
manipulated to serve local and

33

regional interests, in the country.
He said: in the past, there

‘been altempts ‘manipulate the
University of Nairobi into “a
regional university. He said those
who may wish to do this now. have
an opportunity to-use the private
universities. :

He asked the commission to
provide money for chalk and
other stationery for the smooth
operation of a university:

Mr Joseph.Munyao (Mbooni)
asked the Minister for Education
to distribute universities fairly
the country.



JPRS~SSA~85~054
27 June 1985

ZIMBABWE

EXPORTS OF MANUFACTURED GOODS TO JAPAN INCREASES
Harare THE HERALD in English 23 May 85 p 8

[Text] Zimbabwe's exports of manufactured products to Japan amounted to
more than $50,5 million last year compared to about $24 million in 1982,
making manufactured goods the biggest’ single Zimbabwean export to that coun-
try.

This figure is about $5 million more than Zimbabwe's total 1982 exports to
Japan of about $45 million and about $15 million more than Zimbabwe's total
imports of about $35,5 million from Japan last year.

Zimbabwe's manufactured goods exported to Japan were mainly iron and steel
products, processed minerals and metallic products, ferro alloys, asbestos,
copper and. copper-related mineral products, while Japan exported trucks,
passenger cars, telecommunications equipment and plant and machinery to Zim-
babwe.

The counsellor at the Japanese Embassy in Harare, Mr Koji Tsujita, said Ja-
Ppanese exports to this country had fallen from their 1982 boom of about $54,5
million to $35,5 million last year because of the drought and foreign exchange
shortages.

"For example, in 1983 we bought maize from Zimbabwe worth about $26 million.
Last year our figures show about $423 000° worth of maize," said Mr Tsujita.

Foreign exchange shortages on Zimbabwe's part also explained the fall in
Japanese products on the local market from $54,5 million in 1982 to $43 mi1-
lion in 1983 and the lowly $35,5 million last year.

"If, as it seems, the drought has been overcome and this country becomes’ pros-
perous in agricultural production once again, then trade will increase between
our two countries."

Another interesting aspect of Japanese-Zimbabwean trade statistics is that
while the value of two-way trade seemed to have peaked at the 1983 figure of
$120 million, this figure has fluctuated around $110 million since 1982.

Japan is Zimbabwe's fifth largest trading partner.

120



LENASIA'S POLICE STATION OPENED

JPRS+SSA~85~+054
27 June 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 May 85 p 6

[Text] | Cenasia’s population of mére-than 100 000 won their
jong battle for more seeutity When the new Lena
station was officially vo rota

ear omar Fabel:
mbers ‘of ‘the South African Police Band of

jasia’s MP Mr Faiz Khan, Mr § Collakoppen of Cen-
ftral Rai Lenasia Management Committee

(LMC) officials. ,

Mr Khan said Lenasia had waited nine years for.
A police station.

“It is a much needed facility here,” he said, ad-

ding that plans were also under way for Lenasia to
have its own Magistrate’s Court.
“Mr Fabel said the fnereasing crime in Lenasia
had prompted in: ations into the need for such
a facility and it contribute towards bringing
stability in the community.

cso: 3400/365

95



PI ve :
e police force in my area is
too small and I appeal to the
Minister to take my constituency
into account,” Mr Njuno said.

The MP for Karachuonyo, Mrs
Phoebe Asiyo, said a great deal of
thuggery took place in her con-
stituency, but she thanked the
Office of the President for “the
‘won work” it was doing.

Hardened criminals she said,
were crossing the border by boats
mainly for smuggling purposes.

While the security and
administration officers on the
Kenyan side had Land-Rovers,
criminals had boats and there
‘was no way “our police can chase
the thugs,” she said, s ‘ing
that Kenyans should also be-
Provided with boats.

Mr Tipis thanked MPs for their
concern over security and said the
Government, led by President
Moi, took the life of every Kenyan
seriously.

The Government was concer-
ned not only about those killed by
thugs but those who continued to
Hose their lives through road acci-

lents. :

He said the Government had
-increased the number of security
personnel to cover Nairobi and
other areas. But said the
Minister, “I can’t disclose the
number for security reasons”.

He said all security personnel
— Police, Army, Navy and Air
Force — were making concerted
efforts to root out crime.

“Only a few months ago I set a
Platgon of GSU (General Service

Init) to deal with thugs coming
into Kenya from a neighbouring
country,” he said.

“Wananchi in Isiolo, Turkana
and neighbouring areas know
very well that we will not have
mercy on them. We will eliminate
them by hook or crook wherever
«they are.

As for those using boats to cross
Lake Victoria, Mr Tipis said he
knew the routes and even the
‘boats used, .

CSO: 3400/354

36