condition to build their happiness and well-being. Nevertheless, peace cannot
be found unless the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of each
state are respected. May the use of force in international relations be banned,
and the principles of sovereign equality and of reciprocity of advantages be
respected in a mutual basis--the principle of peaceful coexistence,

The peoples still under colonial domination can only build their happiness when
they hold the reins of their destiny. It is therefore necessary to respect
their right to self-determination and independence, which is recognized by all
who love peace, freedom and social progress,

In the year that’ has just ended the principles of the inalienable rights which
I have just mentioned continued to be ignored, and they were systematically
violated by imperialist countries. Africa as a whole was also the victim of
imperialism's machinations, which succeeded in sowing discord among the OAU
members countries in such a way that it could not hold its 19th summit for lack
of quorum, despite the repeated efforts that have been made. This was due to the
absence of a minority of countries which used Western Sahara's admission and the
Chad issue as a false pretext not to go to Libya. The paralysis of our
continental organization deprives the African people of an important instrument
in the struggle for total liberation and stability on the continent. It makes
the continent more vulnerable to the designs of the Western powers, which wish
to recolonize Africa.

Consequently, the situation in southern Africa has deteriorated considerably,
thus becoming one of the most dangerous focal points of international tension.
In this region the racist South African regime has strengthened itself as an
instrument of imperialist confrontation. It has pursued its aggressive policy
of destabilization of the states in the region by undermining their economic
and social development. It has also tried in vain to annihilate the national
liberation movements.

Despite the opposition among the international community, particularly the African
community, as clearly expressed in the latest resolutions adopted by the

37th session of the UN General Assembly, the United States of America, in an
attitude of contempt and in a challenge to world public opinion, has continued

to insist on an absurd policy [words indistinct] with the clear intention of
delaying the implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 435 on Namibia's
independence and of keeping the territory under occupation so that it can
continue to serve’ as a base for racist South Africa's destabilization campaign,
for Angolan puppets and for mercenaries in its service against the Angolan
revolution.

The government of the People's Republic of Angola has tried to fulfill the aspira-
tions of the Angolan people by working to solve their economic and social problems
in the framework of its socialist option and by working to strengthen national
independence. The government, however, cannot dissociate itself from the political
and regional context of which it is an integral part. Nor can it isolate itself
from the critical world economical situation or the tense international political
situation, the effects of which have particular and pernicious repercussion in the
lives of our people. Thus the need for a more solid attitude toward progress and
just objectives, and for a total independence and total liberation. [passage
indistinct]

14
C80: 3442/97



lackeys of Soviet imperialism--have done their best to make people believe
that we are manipulated by South African interests and that we fight only
to serve South African racism. Machelism, together with the communist dictator—
ships, insist on insulting and [word indistinct] the just struggle of the
Mozambican people for their freedom and independence from Soviet neocolonialism,

Today,. 1 January 1983, I, Afonso Dhlakama, president and commander in chief of
the Mozambique National Resistance, declare that we have never been alone or
isolated in this revolutionary process for the liberation of our country. The
resistance has not been merely waging armed struggle without any objectives or
political leadership. The Mozambique National Resistance enjoys the support
of numerous exiled Mozambicans who, in fact, form the new political force which
will rule the country during the transitional period until elections are held.
There are many Mozambican sons who have been studying and working abroad since
the death of President Eduardo Mondlane and who have never been able to return
to their country, where the Maputo Communists would arrest and execute them
as they did with Utia Simango, Joana Simeao, Paulo Gumane, Father Gwengere

and many others.

The Mozambique National Resistance has the support of all those who live abroad,
and of several cadres in the Maputo Communist Government itself. Although

they do not express their discontent publicly, they await the victory of the
resistance so that they can freely identify themselves and reveal their opinions.
For security reasons I cannot disclose the names of those who work for the
government and who have written to us expressing their total support to our
struggle for liberation.

I can, however, disclose the names of those who have visited me and who have given
their total support. They have joined the resistance cadres. Mozambicans who are
with us include: Dr Artur Januario da Fonseca, a lawyer who had been held in
Ruarwa, from where he managed to escape; (Dr Joao Arrujabo da Costa), an
economist and a former FRELIMO member who had to flee to escape execution soon
after Samora Machel became leader of the party in Dar es Salaam; Dr Artur Vilanculos,
a former FRELIMO member and later a Mozambican revolutionary committee representa-
tive in the United States; (Dr Luis Machiquiwa); (Jaoa Jamessone Machava),

an agronomist; (Professor Joao Tomaz N'bew); Boaventure Lemane, a university
student in the United States; Dr. Mario Azevedo; Eusebio Coelho, a native of

Tete and a laboratory expert; (Artur Filipe Mvue), an aeronautic engineer;

Alfredo Mondlane, a cousin of the late President Mondlane; (Julio Alface), a
native of Niassa working as a social worker in a foreign country; (Dr Jose
Nhamutamba); (Jona Felifa), an agronomist.

I could mention the names of many other Mozambicans who have visited me and who
are now part of the resistance cadres. We have never been isolated. We were
never an armed forces aimed at destroying the country and serving foreign
interests. We have received thousands of letters from Mozambican brothers who
have always been with us. We have also received other letters and messengers
who brought us the support of those who are within the FRELIMO Government. The
reason why I have never spoken of such support is because I have always feared
and I still fear what might happen to the families of these militants.

35



MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTS ON SOUTH AFRICAN PROPOSAL
MB061348 Maputo Radio in English to. Southern Africa 1100 GMT 6 Jan 83
[Station commentary]

[Text] The prime minister of the South African minority regime, P. W. Botha,
has declared that his administration is prepared and determined to protect its
national interests but is ready to sign nonaggression pacts with any state in
the region. To some this may sound like the voice of reason, the voice of someone
whose only wish is that his country should be left in peace. To’those who live
in southern Africa, however, the message is-rather different. In the first
place, when P. W. Botha speaks of defending South Africa's national interests,
he is not talking about a nation in sense that we and other countries in the
region understand it, because for P. W. Botha South Africa is composed of
several different nations. For him there are a white nation, a colored nation,
an Indian nation and many black nations, all part of South Africa; and let us
forget about the fiction that some are black bantoustans and independent.

So you have to ask: Which nation'is it that P. W. Botha is determined to defend?
Evidently it is what he sees as the white nation. And to defend this white
nation from whom? Or rather to defend this concept of a white nation from whom?
Who is it that wants to destroy this racist institution, the white state, and
replace it with a state in which all men and women have equal rights regardless
of the color of their skin? Again we know the answer. The oppressed black
population, who are the overwhelming majority in South Africa. It is this
oppressed black majority who are engaged in an armed struggle against the
apartheid regime. The threat’ to the apartheid state comes from this black
majority, who are deprived of all the political and social rights that are re-
garded as normal by the :rest of the world. All military operations that have
been carried out against the apartheid regime in South Africa have been carried
out by South African citizens. No soldier from any of the neighboring countries
has ever.taken part.in these operations. The South African regime on the other
hand, is constantly involved in military operations against its neighbors.

If Mr. Botha wants peace, therefore, he simply has to talk to the representatives
of the majority of his own countrymen, Between them, he can decide on the terms
of peace. But if Mr Botha wants to talk about a nonaggression pact to a neighbor-
ing state, that is a different matter. Until now all the aggression has been
coming from one side, his side. To have a de facto nonaggression pact, all the
apartheid regime has to do is stop its aggression and let its neighbors live in
peace.

cs0: 3400/558 31



ZIMBABWE

INTERVIEW WITH MUGABE
AUO71450 East Berlin BERLINER ZEITUNG in German 4 Jan 83 p 4

[Interview with Prime Minister Robert Mugabe, president of the African
National Union of Zimbabwe - Patriotic Front [ZANU/PF], by Christa Schaffmann;
in Zimbabwe, date not specified: "The Process of Political Consolidation
Advances Gradually"]

[Text] The Republic of Zimbabwe began its development as an independent
state in 1980 with both, assets and liabilities. The country was one of
the most highly industrialized African countries. The high development
level of its agriculture made possible considerable exports in addition to
a far-reaching national self-sufficiency. The infrastructure was rela-
tively well-developed and a health and education system existed which was
above the African average.

But Zimbabwe also inherited war damage totaling many millions, at least
half a million jobless, foreign control over the economy as well as three
different armed forces which had to be integrated into one army; a minority
of 244,000 white settlers, which constitutes a political power.and a
Hostile neighbor--South Africa. What has Zimbabwe thus far made out of
these conditions? How has it been able to utilize or change them. What
considerations about the future are being made there? I discussed these
problems in Harare with Robert Gabriel Mugabe, president of ZANU (PF).

It Was First Important to Secure the Gains

It was with independence, the prime minister stated, that the country

has obtained the political instrument for implementing the required economic
changes. The direction of these changes is clear. "We have set for our-
selves a socialist program because we believe in socialism, derived from
Marxism-Leninism." But--and here Mugabe was referring to the liabilities--
it was first necessary to consolidate the situation and to secure what had
been achieved. This has been done since 1980 and still is being done.

“We are better off, much better I believe than in 1981 and a great deal
better than in 1980 as far as security is concerned." As evidence of this
Mugabe names the army, whose integration was accomplished successfully.

"We now have an army which is our army and a police which is controlled by
Africans," The same thing also applies to the public service, he says.

86



pressure of the first democratic organizations with Dr Raymond
Verges and Leon de Lepervanche.

But it will be necessary to wait for this law of 19 March 1946
and the Left in power, to see the application of social legislation
and the demand for equality with all citizens of the republic.

It is known what the Right did with them in 1950-60. While an
advance of the democratic movement in Reunion corresponded to each
victory of the Left in France, every time the Right governed we
witnessed a period of social regression, repression and suppres-—
sion of freedoms in Reunion.

It is a new victory of the Left in France and the popular strug-
gles in Reunion which can still today encourage new democratic
advances. Facing the hypocritical talk of the Right (about its
"attachment to the mother country"), it is this solidarity in the
struggle which will forge the strongest bonds between the people
of France and the people of Reunion. There is why the final pas-
sage of the law on the single assembly elected by proportional
representation is a historic date.

But the failure to enforce the first decree of the Convention
about the abolition of slavery shows that if there is not a strug-
gle of the people of Reunion on the spot, all the laws and decrees
are meaningless. It is useless for them to pass laws in Paris,

if the people of Reunion themselves do not act to free themselves

That is why since 1959, the Reunion Communist Party has declared
that there will never be again a Sarda Garriga. The change in
Reunion can only come through the people of Reunion themselves,
in their struggle against the forces of the Right in the country.

Whatever the harshness of the situation may have been during the
period of slavery and indentured workers, whatever may have been
the difficulties for the workers and the planters and the misery
before the war, our country has never known such an oppressive
balance and prospects as discouraging as today. The Right leaves
Reunion 53,000 unemployed, with 70,000 young people in prospect
on the employment market in the 6 years to come, 41,000 hovels in
shanty towns (one-third of the housing), 100 thousand illiterates
and finally tens of thousands of Reunion emigres’ in France.

But the difference today is that for the first time on the eve of
great changes, the democratic forces are organized, they have a
development plan and prospects for the future. _The Reunion peo-
ple, with their democratic organization, are going to soon write
a new page in history for progress, justice and cultural expan-

sion.

8490

CSO: 3419/347
40



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

CEAO FINAL COMMUNIQUE

Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 21 Dec 82 p 23

[text] The eighth conference of CEAO chiefs of state took place
at Yamoussoukro on 19 and 20 December 1982, under the chairman-
ship of His Excellency Abdou Diouf, president of the Republic of
Senegal, acting chairman of the conference.

The following participated in this meeting:

For the Republic of the Ivory Coast

His Excellency Felix Houphouet~Boigny

President of the republic

For the Republic of Upper Volta

His Excellency Doctor-Commander Jean Baptiste Ouedraogo
President of the CSP fCouncil of People's Salvation/

Chief of State

For the Republic of Mali

His Excellency General Moussa Traore

President of the Republic

For the Islamic Republic of Mauretania

His Excellency Colonel Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla

Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation

Chief of State



PARTY WORKSHOP CALLS FOR STRONG PARTY PLANNING UNIT

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jan 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE, proposed Department of
Economic Affairs and Plan-
ning of the Party’s National
Executive Committee (NEC)
Secretariat .must be strong
enough to effect central plan-
ning of development activities.

The Department should be
consolidated in. future to
become a Party central
economic planning com-
mission.

This was the consensus
reached at the- Party
workshop’ on Party super-
“vision of economic affairs,
which ended at the Msimbazi
Community Centre in Dar es
Salaam last Friday.

Participants to the
workshop stressed that the
Party's resolve to build
Socialism dictated the
establishment of a competent
central planning’ unit manned
by high ualified' personnel.

“We shall be the first coun-

try in history to embark on,

socialist vconstruction
without such an organ,” one
of the participants said.

cso: 3400/566

He -said the Arusha
Declaration which was the
blue-print for the Party policy
of Socialism and Self-
Reliance was “a statement of

intent.”

“We need a competent
organ which will translate
that statement into practice if
we are to achieve the desired
goal,” he explained.

The workshop observed
that the present system under
which the Ministry of Plan-
ning and Economic Affairs co-
ordinated national plans was
lacking in many ways.

“The Ministry is no more
than a clearing house... Each
Ministry projects its own
plans which are simply com-
piled by the Ministry of Plan-
ning and Economic Affairs at
the last stage,” another par-.
ticipant said.

The participants said,
however, that the role of the
Party's planning unit should
not interfere with day to day

68

TANZANIA

activities of ministries and
other institutions.

The unit. would essentially
act,as a check point for all
government plans before and_
during implementation. The,
unit would also be responsible
for assessing the achievements
at the end of the programmes,
they said. -

The workshop’ also called
for closer supervision of finan-
cial institutions in the coun-
try, which according to the
participants, were runniag in-
dependently of government
control.

It was observed that
although the Government
owned shares in nearly all
public institutions, govern-
ment subsidy or foreign aid
channelled to the institutions
through the Government
passed for grants.

_ Such injections should be
included in the government
shares to the respective in-
stitutions, the participants
said.



SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG PAPER ON 'IRONIES' OF LABOR-GOVERNMENT DEAL
MB080831 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Jan 83 p 12
{Editorial: "When Moderates Fight Each Other"]

[Text] Ironies abound in the deal which the Labour Party has struck with
the government over its constitutional reforms. In one sense the coloured
community is getting less then it had in the 1950's, when a National Party
government went to distasteful lengths to take away the rights they had
enjoyed in the Cape since union. That coloured franchise was of limited
value, but at least it was on a common voters’ roll together with whites.
What they are getting now is perhaps a deputy minister or two, some sort
of power-sharing on inter-racial parliamentary committees, but a »parliament
which is a strictly coloured affair. Thus does the electoral apartheid
of 30 years ago still dominate the thinking even of today's reform-minded
nationlists.

Another irony lies in the attacks to which the labour leadership is now
being subjected for working "within the system." The criticism comes
notably from certain ex-colleagues in the party, who themselves have tried
to work from within the old coloured representative council, and from
Chief Buthelezi, who is himself regularly castigated for working within
the homelands system. Thus does an ever-polarising system create new
antagonisms and make even moderates sould like extremists.

In courting such disfavour the Rev Hendrickse and his colleagues are taking
a calculated risk, one which could rebound on them in the loss of even
more of their waning support. The one person who can help him out of this
difficulty is the prime minister. Mr Botha, who owes labour a huge debt
for rescuing his reform initiative, must now show that the step will bring
to the community real powers and real benefits. Can credible coloured
leaders be associated, for instance, with a government that still enforces
the group areas act and the mixed marriages act? By moving rapidly in
areas such as these, Mr Botha can help restore labour's popular support,
make the party's leaders look more authentic and the whole reform initiative
look less dubious. .

Nor should anyone forget the specific reservations with which the Labour
Party embarked on its risky course. It spelt out that it still believed

50



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL APPLAUDS P.W. BOTHA, HENDRICKSE
MB060939 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jan 83 p 10
[Editorial: "A Welcome Boost for Negotiation"]

[Text] The prime minister split Afrikanerdom in moving his ruling party
away from blatant white domination. The leader of the Labour Party may
have split the coloured community in reaching out to meet him. Whatever
the merits or the motives of each leader's action, they can only be admired
for their bravery in stepping out of their comfortable niches to seek new
solutions.

The parties led by the Rev Allan Hendrickse and Mr P.W. Botha are further
apart, even now, than the NP [National Party] and Conservative Party, or
the NP and the PFP [Progressive Federal Party]...yet if South Africa is to
move ahead with a minimum of bloodshed, it is the major white party and
the major coloured party which will have to work together in the initial
exploratory process.

On the surface their differences look unbridgeable. The government's
proposals can be read, as Chief Gatsha Buthelezi has read them, as a new
form of separate development with built-in dominance for the NP. The
Labour Party is committed to one man, one vote. However, it is prepared
to negotiate on the basis of a federal structure. No doubt the NP will
also be prepared to negotiate...the alternative is total failure.

This in itself is something that should be welcomed by all who seek non-
violent solutions to the nation's problems. It is a great pity that the
government did not show as much foresight in handling the leader of the
biggest black political movement in southern Africa, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi.
The leader of Inkatha went to great pains to formulate, using much inter-
racial expertise, a proposal for multiracial government within a federal
structure. The plan was acceptable to many whites in Natal who were prepared
to live under black government for the sake of peace--and prosperity. Yet
the government not only rejected the plan outright, it did so with an
arrogance that has rendered one more moderate and his giant party justifiably
bitter. Mr Botha, if he is to take the country forward any meaningful
distance, hds his own bridges to mend as well as new bridges to build.

48



SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG PAPER ON POSSIBILITIES FOR LABOR'S POSITION
MB090833 Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 9 Jan 83 p 16
{Editorial: "An Instrument of Power: Use It"]

[Text] A period of political confusion, even turbulence, may be expected
in the wake of the Labour Party's decision this week to accept Mr P.W.
Botha's offer of a place in Parliament.

The qualifications surrounding that offer are well known. The coloured
people will occupy a separate chamber alloted to them on the sole grounds
of their race. The arrangement is therefore obscene, redeemed only by the
fact that it gives the coloured community an instrument of power which
they do now possess. It will therefore put them into a stronger position
for the next stage of the game, which is to achieve the further reform

of the constitution.

The possibilities of their new position have been widely underrated.

Imagine, if you will, the nationalists in a joint committee, trying to
negotiate with coloured and Indian leaders while a couple of white opposi-
tion members barrack from the sidelines. Both the Turnhalle talks and the
President's Council have shown that few people can remain altogether immune
to the moral pressure which is brought to bear in such face-to-face meetings.

Of course, the system is rigged to give the nationlists an automatic
majority over their combined opposition, but they would have to be extra-
ordinarily tough-minded to avoid making any concessions at all. Anyway,
if they were so unbendingly obdurate, the system would collapse,

The only real danger would arise if the coloured leaders suddenly forgot
their bitter experience at the hands of the whites, forgot that they were
themselves black and helped to sustain a new brand of racism in perpetuity.
The notion is bizarre, but the remedy in any event lies to hand: it is
for the coloured community to elect its most principled, strongest, most
intelligent, and most enlightened leaders to carry the banner of democracy
for all the people of this country.

Indeed, the more radical and "extreme" the coloured leader, the more he is
needed in parliament. We can think of nothing more salutary for the coloured

54



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL ON LABOR PARTY'S ‘ACT OF COURAGE’
MB090945 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 9 Jan 83 p 12
[Editorial: "This Moderation Must Be Rewarded"]

[Text] Practical politics, so often and openly condemned by ideologues
of the right and left, have one great advantage over the politics of
protest: You can stop dreaming on the sidelines and actually get on with
the job.

This, coupled with the frustration bred of years in the wilderness, was
probably the overriding reason why the Rev Alan Hendrickse and his Labour
Party followers decided this week to give the government's constitutional
guidelines the benefit of their not inconsiderable doubts.

Tt was an act of courage equal to, if not surpassing, the courage which
Messrs Botha and Heunis and Co showed last year in a standing firm against
their own troglodytes of the right.

And it seems certain to yield a similar result--with rejectionists within
the coloured community effectively making common cause with Dr Andries
Treurnicht in trying to erect a roadblock on the rocky path of reform.

With one significant difference: What Dr Treurnicht fears, and the
rejectionists of the left apparently do not even know, is that any journey,
no matter how long, has to start with the first, tentative step.

They can argue, as Chief Buthelezi did this week, that the fundamental
flaw in the government's constitutional plans--the exclusion of the vast
majority of this country's citizens—-is a sure-fire recipe for conflict
rather than harmony.

But in allowing their desire for the best to drive out whatever good the
new dispensation holds--and a multiracial parliament with a promise of
power-sharing, however clumsy and contrived, has to be better than unvar-
nished white domination--they themselves are pleading for a perpetuation
of the present situation and upping the ante on eventual conflict.

58



[Question] What is your reaction to the accusation that your party is
racist?

Treurnicht: Our party is not racist, however, we are not blind to racial
and people differences in our country. The label of "racist" is being used
much too profusely by the liberalist equalitarians who do not realize

that enforced integration of different peoples is tyranny. The lack of
racial ard national awareness. in South Africa is a case of being naively
plind to the reality of things.

Marais: Every nationalism has a racial basis, because each people's racial
identity is the most determining and permanent’ characteristic. Since
nationalism is the right of preference for one’s ow, this of course includes
also one’s own race. Therefore the Afrikaner people's boundaries are not
closed to other white peoples, but rather to peoples of different races.

The Reunited Nationalist Party is fo less and no more "racist" than the
Nationalist Party under Dr Malan. . Attorney Strydom and Dr Verwoerd and also
no less or more racist than the previous states which our peoplé established.
We reject the word "racist" as presently interpreted, because it is a leftist
political term being employed for promoting racial equality by promoting’ a
feeling of guilt among whites about their style of life and history.

At the same time those who are pushing racism are failing to put the label
of "racism" on any of the policies of the blacks and black racism is being
placed above criticisms under the banner of black theology and black
nationalism, thus demonstrating selective propaganda usage and political
motives.

(Question? After a calm consideration of the past interim elections, how
many seats do you think your party can win on its own? How many seats
could you win by collaborating with each other?

Treurnicht: I would rather not make any conjectures on this; but at any
rate we are striving to take over the government for the whites.

Marais: This. will be greatly dependent on the time and the circumstances in
which a general election is held. In Transvaal, we have several seats
within our reach.

Together with the Conservative Party we have’70 or 80 seats within our reach.

(Question] Are the talks between you attuned to collaboration or a fusing
of the two parties?

Treurnicht: The talks now in progress are aimed at the elimination of unneces-—
sary division among the conservative voting power.

Marais::Wecare for collaboration.

46



GABON

BANTU CIVILIZATION CENTER CREATED IN GABON
AB130818 Paris AFP in English 0802 GMT 13 Jan 83
[By Jean-Eudes Barbier]

[Text] Libreville, 13 Jan (AFP)--The establishment here last weekend of an
International Center for Bantu Civilization (ICBC) marks the beginning of a
“major cultural policy without which no human advance or development is pos-
sible," in the words of Gabonese Head of State Omar Bongo, the driving force
behind the idea.

Opening the conference of ministers of culture which agreed to set up the cen-
ter on January 7, President Bongo stressed the importance which Africa at-
tached to affirming its cultural identity, to "make history instead of being
subjected to it," and to "recover from the shock of colonialism."

The Bantu region is inhabited by some 150 million pepole, covering 22 coun-
tries. The Bantu peoples have no common ethnic origins, but their languages
fall within the same linguistic grouping, and the region stretches from Nigeria
‘in the West to the Comoro Islands in the East, passing through Zaire, Angola,
Zambia, Tanzania and Mozambique.

The diversity of the languages of the colonists--French, English, Portuguese
and Spanish--and of their political systems contributed for a long time to
the cultural separation of these countries. The main objective of the ICBC
is to help them to come together again.

For President Bongo economic cooperation and the emergence of an African
common market are inextricably linked with rational cultural development.
"What will give our peoples their identity and cohesion can only be found in.
the values revealed in our civilization and common history. The history and
traditions which the colonial power has imposed on Africa must be broken,"
he said.

It is only through awareness of its cultural identity that black Africa can
one day realize political unity and face up to external threats "from wherever
they might come," President Bongo said. He criticized "economic power from
abroad" which "under the pretence of inevitable world crises makes us pay
dearly for our political independence."

18



If today I reveal the names of members of these political cadres it is because
during our last meeting everybody agreed that Machel had gone too far in his
propaganda of calumies against the resistance and that the time to unmask the
Maputo government had come.

Priscila Gumane is with us. Antonio Maforte is with us. Ernesto Tembo is with
us. (Jose Marangwe) is with us. Jose Pande is with us. (Anibal Xilezi) is
with us. (Joao Mecampa) is with us. (Alfredo Mausse) is with us.

Zeca Muchanga is with us. (Ernesto Zulule) is‘with us. (Abdul Oman) is with
us. I have only mentioned.a few of the names of those who are with the
resistance, They are Mozambicans who study and work in universities as
lecturers, in laboratories andin factories, where they acquire the experience
which is necessary for the progress and well-being of our country.

The resistance is not only the armed struggle. It has a political leadership
which has undertaken to form a government of national concord.

No black man can accept apartheid. No African can ally himself with racism,
since it would be a betrayal to his own status as a human being. It is not

the South African Government which.leads us and gives us orders. The resistance
has its own political hierarchy, which defines and leads the political and
military struggle against the communist government of Samora Machel. Such a
hierarchy is formed by Mozambicans who, now as in the past, have shown their
profound nationalism and their independence from the interests of any imperialism.
Our struggle against the FRELIMO oppressive troops is being waged by Mozambicans
alone. It is being waged by the people who want to get rid of an inhuman system
that is contrary to the traditions and culture of the African people.

Samora Machel has been getting the support of Tanzanians, Zimbabweans and now
of Zambians, apart from the military advisers of Europe's communist countries.
We have been trying to avoid the internationalization of the conflict. FRELIMO,
however being desperate in view of its impending defeat, has recruited foreign
troops to defend its regime. This is positive proof that FRELIMO does not
enjoy the support of the Mozambican people. No government that has the support
of the people needs foreign troops to defend itself. In view of this fact,
which clearly indicates foreign intervention designed to impose upon the
Mozambican people a government which they do not accept, the political leadership
of the resistance will have to consider the consequences of this aggression by
the allies of FRELIMO and request foreign aid to defend the independence and
freedom of our people whenever it is opportune.

Robert Mugabe excuses himself by saying that he is forced to defend the communica-
tion routes to Beira harbor. The Zambian Government, however, has never sent
troops into Angola to protect the railway line to Lobito Harbor, which is vital to
Zambian interests.

What is the reason for Julius Nyerere to send 8,000 soldiers into Mozambique?

The Tanzanian Government is well known for its military adventures designed
to control the neighboring states. Zanzibar was the first victim. Then came

36



KAWAWA PRAISES PEMBA PEASANTS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jan 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

cso:

3400/566

THE CCM Secretary General,
Ndugu Rashidi Kawawa,.. has
raised peasants in Pemba Island
or massive response to the clove
picking campaign. The peasants
are expected to earn 155m/- frot
the crop this season. :

Ndugu Kawawa who started a
Stour 7of-PembaTM“on*
Saturday was told’ yesterday that
the Zanzibar State Trade’
Corporation (ZSTC) had by
December 31, last year,
collected 1,222 tonnes of cloves
worth 27.6m/- from peasants: _

The 1982/83 yield is estimated"
at5,791 tonnes valued at 155m/-.

The Party Secretary General
said he was impressed by the co-
operation of pupils and their
parents in picking the crop.

He . said the . effort was
indicative of their resolve to
work hard to improve the

country’s adverse. economic
situation.

He told the peasants that the
crop would be exported and earn
the Government foreign
exchange which would facilitate
implementation of other
development projects.

Ndugu Kawawa urged the
peasants to direct their efforts to
food crop farming immediately
after the clove picking season.

- He said the people should not
depend on imported
because, he added, ‘this would
jeopardise national freedom.
“Independence means  self-
reliance,” he stressed.

He reiterated that Tanzanians
should not be choosy in food
consumption and that they
should utilise crops best suited to
their local environment. .

TANZANIA



Editorial Applauds P.W. Botha, Hendrickse
(Editorial; THE STAR, 5 Jan 83)....cesseecsscccceeeeens 48

Johannesburg Paper on 'Ironies' of Labor-Government Deal
(Editorial; THE STAR, 7 Jan 83)..eccesesssceceeone sees 50

Hendrickse Claims 70 Percent Colored Backing
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 8 Jan 83)......seeeees 52

Heunis Says No Date Yet for New Constitution

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 8 Jan 83).....s+seeee . 53
Johannesburg Paper on Possibilities fér Labor's Position

(Editorial; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 9 Jan 83)....seseeeeeeeeees 54
Editorial on Lator Party Decision

(Editorial; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Jan 83)..........6+ seen 56
Editorial on Labor Party's 'Act of Courage’

(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES, 9 Jan 83) ......--seeeeeeeeeee 558
Viljoen Demands Zimbabwe Return RSA Soldier

(AFP, 7 Jan 83)....eeeeee see eeee cece eeees see ceeeeeeeees 60
Commentary on Labor Party Vote, Role of Blacks

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 5 Jan 83)....sssseeeeee 61
Briefs

. Response to Interview 63

Minister ofi Party's Decision 63

Boesak Scores Party's: Decision 63

Banned Items 64

Buthelezi Warns Indians 64

SWAZILAND

Official Hopes for October Elections

(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 6 Jan 83).. 65
TANZANIA
Kawawa Praises Perma Peasants
(DAILY NEWS, 3 Jan 83).......4.. eee eee e eee eeee cence scene 67

Party Workshop Calls for Strong Party Planning Unit
(DAILY NEWS, 3 Jan 83). cceeccecccccccccccnveccreceecceee 68

Repowering of Tazara Locomotives Increases Hauling Tonnage
(Mike Sikawa; DAILY NEWS, 24 Dec 82)...seeeeeeeeeeers eee 69

Government Approves Expansion Plan for Dar es Salaam City
(Daniel Mshana; DAILY NEWS, 25 Dec 82)...



GOVERNMENT APPROVES EXPANSION PLAN FOR DAR ES SALAAM CITY
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Dec 82 p 1
[Article by Daniel Mshana]

[Excerpt] THE Government has as approved
pansion plans * fe ar eS
“City to officially ©
incorporate bo more > villages
ringing the city.

e villages were not
immediately nown yesterday
because. the task of drawing up
the boundaries had not been
completed, according to the City
Director, Ndugu David
Mgwassa. It is, » however,
understood that they stretch as
far as Mbezi, ° Gezaulole and

iwema. *

ie exercise of drawing the

boundaries would be completed
_early next year, Ndugu Mg Mgwassa ‘

He said the task of fixing
village wards was in progress and
would be completed soon.

Ndugu Mgwassa, however.
admitted that the the inclusion of the
villages would administratively
be burdensome to the already
financially troubled — City

Council.” He asked — for
government help in running the
expanded city. .

_gHe said the Council had
lithited resources and could not
count on the villages to generate
revenue to boost those
resources.

However, the City Director
expressed optimism that proper
land planning and use would be
exercised - in line . with the
increased population and space.

Cso: 3400/566
70

TANZANIA



TANZANIA

REPOWERING OF TAZARA LOCOMOTIVES INCREASES HAULING TONNAGE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 Dec 82 p 1

{Article by Mike Sikawa]

[Excerpt]

REPOWERING of locomotives.
of the Tanzania Zambia Railway
Authority’s (TAZARA) DHF
engines with MTU engines has
increased the line's hauling
tonnage from 900 to 1,100 tons
per -locomotive, it has been
reported. .

Commenting on a-, recent
innovation report by the
mechanical engineering
department of the authority, the
TAZARA Chief Mechanical
Engineer, Ndugu L.° B. J.
Chogo, said apart from ‘the
tonnage rise, representing 22.22
per. cent, fuel consumption per
ton-kilometre had also
decreased by about eight per
cent.

He explained that there had
also been a high locomotive
availability of up to 86 per cent.
Availability of the original
locomotives was about 45 per
cent. we

cso: 3400/566

Because of the locomotives
higher technical speed, and a
reduction in locomotive
servicing time at depots, the

-turn-round time (in sections in

which they are operating) has

been reduced by about 29.26 per

“cent.

. This is only but one of the 40
innovations undertaken by the
TAZARA | mechanical
department since the railway was
handed over to Zambia and
Tanzania governments six years
ago. Some of thent were meant
for other industries within the
country. a paper on innovations
said.

The paper. presented to the
recent seminar of the Institute of
Engineers in Arusha, by Ndugu
A, O. Mkamba of TAZARA,
said tepowering work ‘included
fabrication and installation of
engine mounting foundations
and air inlets channels. .

Some modifications were also
made to the electrical control
console and operating desk; and

69

there was also a complete
relaying of the cooling water
system. The original radiator
i? ing was also modified, Ndugu.

kamba said. The DFH engines
were experiencing _ frequent
failurcs, leading to high
maintenance and running costs.

Tazara engineers also
designed and ~~ manufactured’
container clamping mechanisms
and instailed them on existing
TAZARA flat wagons. as an
alternative for importing new
wagons or twist locks to be fitted
onto existing wagons.

The innovation has effected
faster loading and off-loading of
containers. cut down risks of
load __ shiftin; which has
sometimes led to derailments.
and contributed to the increased
transportation. efficiency since
now container wagons are no
longer detached enroute for load
adjustments, the paper says. _



approach to the plight of

TWO MINISTERS PRAISE NETHERLANDS FOR ASSISTANCE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 31 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

FOREIGN Minister ‘Salim:
Ahmed Salim has praised the’

Netherlands for its sympathetic
interest in ‘anzania’s
development efforts and positive

developing countrie
Naugu Salim, sh
speaking at a farewell dinne
ar es Salaam on Wednesday
night for out-going Netherlands
Ambassador, Ndugu Adrian
Van Der Willigen, said during
the ambassadors stay in the
country ‘relations in“terms of
assistance. and_ co-operation

“extended to Tanzamia had

flourished. _

“But. above-all. we appreciate
the understanding and sensitivity
demonstrated by the
Netherlands at our most difficult
times”, the Minister stressed.
saying this was reflective of the

Netherlands” approach to the
plight of developing countries.

Fhe Netherlands had become
one - of. Tanzania's largest
bilateral donors. having aided
Tanzania in rural water supply.
agricultural development
including’ sugar projects at
Mtibwa, Kilombero and Kagera
in Morogoro and Kagera region.
Ndugu Salim said.

Ndugu Salim «also mentioned
the Netherlands’ participation in
livestock. development and
assistance to Air Tanzania. ~

He thanked the Netherlands
for Providing equipment to the
University of Dar es Salaam and
fellowships‘ to Tanzanians.

In the political sphere, Ndugu

ie

_ Salim said relations between t

two countries had been

strengthened by the
commitment to the struggle for
freedom and human dignity.

TANZANIA

He hailed the. Netherlands’
support of independence for
Namibia, opposition to
apartheid in racist South Africa
and her contribution in support
of a genuine North-South
dialogue and towards a new

- international economic order.

In reply. Ambassador
Willigen expressed appreciation
over Tanzania's role in the quest
for ‘peace and. freedom,
especially in. relation to the
liberation of Mozambique,.
Zimbabwe and. in the near
future, of Namibia.

Meanwhile, the Netherlands
has been praised for its piondering
rule in establishing small scale in
dustries in Tanzania.

Speaking during a farewell lun-
cheon he hosted for Ndugu
Willigen | at the Kilimanjaro
Hotel in Dar ex Salaam on Wed-
nesday, the Minister for In-

dustries, Ndugu Basil Mramba said the Netherlands was one of the first
countries to establish the National Small Industries Corporation, predecessor’
to the Small Industries Development Organisation (SIDO) in 1971.

Ndugu Mramba also mentioned several other intermediate industrial projects the
Netherlands had helped establish in Tanzania and praised the Ambassador as be-
ing "more than an advisor to his Ministry" during his stay in the country.

Replying, Ndugu Willigen said since 1981 his country had given 65 per cent

of its aid in agricultural projects in the country.

nancial aid to the industrial sector in Tanzania.

cso: 3400/566

72

He pledged continued fi-



However, the current trend -- for the past 10 years -- is an. increase in rice
growing areas of about 1 percent a year. Consequently, the area in rice by
the year 2000 will be: 1.18 million X (1.01) 20: 1.44 million hectares, or
260,000 hectares put in-rice, corresponding to a 22-percent increase in the
growing and production area. There will thus be a 51-percent shortage, or
1,104,000 tons of paddy, representing some 700,000 tons of rice.

In order to make up the deficit, one can either produce locally or import rice.

According to official reports drawn up, by organizations specializing in the
subject, rice production would have to. increase by 86 percent between 1975

and the year 2000 in order to meet world demand. This represents an additional
300 million tons of paddy. Import:needs of developing countries will go from
8.6 million tons to 46 million tons by the year 2000. . However, it is pre-
dicted that China, which is'a big exporter, will reduce the volumes it exports.
Tension on markets will be so great that adequate amounts of rice will not be
found and other grains will have to be imported. The price will also be high.”
Devoting precious foreign. exchange to food imports means and will continue to
mean that one will sacrifice productive investment possibilities and the
country's economic’ and social development, which is inseparable. from local
production. If one does not produce locally and if one buys at the current
price of $350 a ton CIF, rice imports in the year 2000 will cost: 700,000
tons X $350 X 380 Malagasy francs: 93 billion Malagasy francs a year.

Economically speaking, importing is not a satisfactory solution. It is desir-
able to produce at home. ,

This objective can be attained by using two strategies: -increasing the area
planted in rice and increasing production per area unit.

Assuming that areas newly planted in rice immediately give an average yield
of 1.83 tons per hectare, the area in rice would have to be increased by

51 percent, or an additional 600,000 hectares in rice, meaning 30,000 hectares
a year: one Lake Alaotra every year. Intensification therefore remains the
desired solution. It is possible and has been achieved in many countries.

It is a question of increasing yield by 51 percent in:20 years, or of going
from 1.83 tons per hectare to 2.76 tons per hectare, an increase in yield of
less than a ton per hectare.

The production factors previously mentioned (harnessing water, seed, fertilizer
and pesticides) constitute the traditional means of attaining. the objective.
Each of these factors contributes to increased yield. The maximum benefit
will not be derived from fertilizers if irrigation is not mastered, just as
the maximum ‘benefit will not be derived from improved varieties if one does
not fertilize the soil. It would serve no purpose to have good control of

the water, use high-yield varieties and fertilizers if part of the crop were
destroyed by insects and plant diseases.

Concerning fertilizers in.improving productivity in Madagascar, it is possible

to obtain an additional 4 kilograms of paddy per kilogram of fertilizer used.
This productivity should improve as all techniques progress.

29



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

USSR TRADE DECLINES--The total volume of trade for 1982 between the People's
Republic of Angola and the Soviet Union has been estimated at 2 million kwanzas.
The trade between the two.countries is based on economic cooperation agreements
signed on 28 May 1976 in Moscow... Angolan exports to the Soviet Union were
primarily coffee, quartz and sisal, although these were exported in small
quantities in view of the country's present social and economic situation, which
has been aggravated by the armed activities of the puppet bands and by the
occupation of part of the ‘Angola province of Cunene by forces of the South
African Army. From the Soviet Union Angola imported essential goods required
by the present situation. Among ‘these goods were vehicles, spare parts,
construction equipment, agriculture machinery--mainly for cotton production—-
medical supplies and processed foodstuffs. Sources close to the Ministries of
External Commerce and Planning say that the 2 million kwanzas figure is slightly
lower than figures for previous years. ‘The sources, however, have reaffirmed
the desire to increase economic cooperation between the two countries on a basis
of mutual advantage. [Text] [Text] [MB051405 Luanda Domestic Service in
Portuguese 0500 GMT 5 Jan 83]

CSO: 3442/97

15



GUINEA

SEKO TOURE SPEECH FOR GUINEA-BISSAU LEADER
ABO71647 Conakry Domestic Service in French 2200 GMT 6 Jan 83

{Speech by Guinean President Sekou Toure at a civic reception organized
for visiting Guinea-Bissau President Bernardo Joao Vieira in Boke on 6
January--recorded]

[Text] In the name of Africa, ready? For social and democratic progress,
ready? For production, ready? For the revolution, ready? Down with
imperialism! Down with colonialism! Down with neocolonialism! Honor to
the people! Power to the people! Glory to the people! Victory to the
people! Long live the revolution! Long live Guinea-Bissau! Long live
President Nino! Long live African unity! [Shouts of long live President
Ahmed Sekou Toure] .

Comrades of Boke, we are very happy to be with you. We have noted your
total readiness ‘to live dynamically within the Guinean Democratic Party
[PDG] as in one single entity whose contribution to the progress of the
revolution continues to grow. We congratulate you for your mobilization.
Our perfect organization of manifestations, the order in which arrangements
are planned and our enthusiasm demonstrate the abilities for which we are
noted. We have noted that you are, in fact, making progress. This is why
we are sending you the warm congratulations of the leadership of the
Guinean revolution. [Applause] We are very happy to be here with a
friend, a brother in struggle. He shared with us the same concerns and
experiences as well as the same hopes for a life of total independence
and dignity in progress.

As the governor has just told you, we are here for a working meeting.

Any meeting between two brothers can only aim at strengthening the basis
for fraternity, at deepening the confidence and the friendship and even
though our two countries bore the same names--one was called Portuguese
Guinea and the other French Guinea--they became independent and must now
be African Guinea at the service of African progress. [Applause] It is
normal that we achieve this. If we cannot achieve this today, our children
will be able to do so tomorrow and if these children also cannot do it
tomorrow, our grandchildren will achieve it later. This is the way that
will lead us to progress. We greet our brothers and tell them--as the

21



At the end of the proceedings, the head of the Libyan Arab dele-
gation thanked the Beninese people and government for the warm
and fraternal welcome given him as well as his delegation.

The two (2) parties agreed that the fifth (5th) session of the
mixed commission of Beninese-Arab Libyan cooperation will be
held in Cotonou in 1983 at a date to be jointly agreed upon.

Issued in Cotonou on 4 December 1982 in two (2) copies, in the

French and Arabic languages, with the two texts being equally
valid.

8490
CSO: 3419/351

17



Food Prospects in Madagascar: Rice

Area Planted in Rice: 1980 1,180,000 hectares
2000 1,439,400 hectares
Paddy Production: 1980 2,160,000 tons
2000 2,634,000 tons
Total Paddy Needs by 1980: 2,270,700 tons
(Consumption + seed) by the year 2000: 3,885,200 tons
Paddy Shortage by the Year 2000: 1,250,400 tons

It is useful to recall that Madagascar currently uses, for rice growing, 5,000
tons of fertilizer for 1 million hectares -~ that is, a dosage of 5 kilograms
per hectare, undoubtedly among the lowest in the world. It should be empha-
sized that all these modern production factors are expensive, particularly
the fertilizers, but it is also true that importing the latter is much less
expensive than. importing rice! One must add that the amount of chemical fer=
tilizers imported could be reduced (not eliminated) through the implementation
of a plan to develop: the recycling of organic matter (the use of all waste
and the recovery of plant residue and litter, including the making of compost) ;
biological fixation of nitrogen by microorganisms; rhizobium for legumes (pea-
nuts and soybeans); and azolla for rice.

Azolla is an aquatic plant that lives in rice paddies in symbiosis with a
cyanobacterium that binds atmospheric nitrogen: Anabaena Azollae. It has beén
used by Chinese and Vietnamese farmers for centuries.

‘Finally, all means are good; the essential thing is to achieve one's purpose.
As previously stated, fertility of the soil is not imperishable. It must be

replaced if one wishes to continue to harvest crops.

The year 2000 approaches and a great challenge stands before us: feeding
16 million Malagasy. It is merely a matter of translating the Boky Mena
into action: "The great powers of the year 2000 will be those countries
capable of feeding their inhabitants, first of all, and of exporting food
products to other nations after that."

[Photo Caption]

Guido d'Onofrio, Un expert assigned to the Malagasy Fertilizer Program which
was launched with the aid of the FAO, is.a man of refléction and great practi-
cal experience.. After many years in the field, he is convinced that the
country's well-being, with respect to food, requires a decisive and rapid com-
mitment to modernize agriculture.

11,464
CSO: 3419/352

30



ANGOLA

SOVIET ENVOY SPEAKS ON DIPLOMATIC CORP BEHALF
Envoy's Speech
MB041540 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 3 Jan 83

[New Year message from the diplomatic corps to Angolan President Eduardo dos Santos,
read by Soviet Ambassador Vadim Petrovich Loginov in Portuguese on 2 January,
place not given--recorded]

[Text] Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos received a message from the
diplomatic corps accredited to our country which was read by Vadim Petrovich
Loginov, the Soviet ambassador to Angola, on behalf of all diplomatic representa-
tions accredited to the People's Republic of Angola.

[Begin recording] Your Excellency the president of the People's Republic of
Angola: [words indistinct] entrusted by the heads of the diplomatic missions,

and [word indistinct] international representations accredited to the People's
Republic of Angola to express our sincere gratitude that Your Excellency has agreed
to receive us in the beginning of this new year of 1983. We greet you in this

new year and request that you convey’ our most cordial compliments, as well as our
wishes for peace and well-being for your fatherland, to other leaders of the
People's Republic of Angola and the Angolan people.

For over 7 years now Angola has been marching forward on the path of freedom and
independence, which have been won in the difficult and bloudy war against the
colonialists., We have been able to see that despite the particularly difficult
conditions, significant successes ‘in building political and economic structures

of this young state have been achieved. Under the leadership.of Your Excellency~-
a loyal follower of the cause of the late Dr Antonio Agostinho Neto, founder and
first president of the People's Republic of Angola--important objectives such as
free medical care and educational services for all Angolan people have been
achieved. The Angolan people can now count in broad opportunities to expand
their national culture.

We understand that many problems remain to be solved and that the continuing acts
of aggression by the racist South Africans is the main obstacle for the cause of
national reconstruction and the [word indistinct] well being of the people.

As Your Excellency has correctly stated in your new year message to the Angolan

12



TANZANIA

PRESIDENT'S COMMENTS ON NAMIBIAN INDEPENDENCE
EA102010 Dar es Salaam Domestic Service in Swahili 1700 GMT 10 Jan 83

[Text] President Nyerere said today that Namibia has an internationally
recognized right to be free and that right cannot depend on relations between
the United States and any other country in the world. He said it is wrong
for any country in the world to impose its wishes in the whole issue of Nami-
bia's independence.

President Nyerere, who was speaking at a New Year reception he hosted for
foreign diplomats in Dar es Salaam, said UN Security Council Resolution 435,
which was adopted in 1978, has not yet been implemented.

He said the South African Boers have tightened their belts and have intensi-
fied their attacks against the independent African countries of Angola,
Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and now the Seychelles and Lesotho. Mwalimu
said all these countries have been subjected to savage attacks by the Boers
of South Africa.

He said that Tanzania regrets the conflict between the United States and Cuba
and fails to understand the reasons behind the United States using this con-
flict with Cuba to stall Namibia's independence. President Nyerere said
Tanzania also regrets the U.S.-Angola conflict, and it also cannot under-

stand why the United States uses such conflicts to delay Namibia's independence.

Mwalimu said all UN member states, with the exception of South Africa, now
want Namibia to be free. He said Namibians are being butchered and injured
while demanding their freedom, and the country is being used as a stage for
big international conflicts over which Namibia itself has no say.

The president said Tanzania will continue to join hands with other African
countries in the struggle to destroy colonialism and apartheid on the whole
continent.

cso: 3449/15

84



TANESCO ANNOUNCES NEW TARIFF RATES AS OF ONE JANUARY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 30 Dec 82 p 1

{Article by Mike Sikawa]

Ele Supply
Company (TANESCO) has
announced new tariff rates,
Taising electricity prices
variously. The new rates become
effective on Saturday — January

I -

‘TANESCO . Managing
Director Salvatory Mosha said in
a statement issued in Dar es
Salaam yesterday that the move
had been taken fo meet “the
company’s increasing costs.

However, he said, the new
tariff structure had been worked
out to give additional relief by
reducing charge per electricity
unit consumed for ‘domestic

+ PUIPOSES. oss:
e subsidy is given io ‘those
who consume bélow 100 units
per month, he’said, adding that
the tariff also gives relief to light
industries so as ‘to encourage
development of small scale
industries.

He explained: “This move to
raise electricity prices nas been
taken to enable the company to
meet increasing operational °
costs particularly the cost of oil ~
required for power generation
and also to enable the company
contribute to the cost of.

intended - development
Projects”.
le inted out that

TANESCO was committed to
carrying out construction work
and e: ion programmes to>
meet the growing demand for
electricity throughout __ the

sou
fajor investment

programs include _ the

cso; 3400/566

development of the Mtera
Hydro-Power Plant, and the grid

.extension to North-West’ from

Iringa to Dodoma, Singida,
Shinyanga, Tabora, Mwanza
and Musoma.

Construction was underway to _

‘extend the grid from Kidatu to
Tringa, Mufindi and Mbeya, he
said.

The company was also
undertaking electrification of

Kiliman are Region, Newala/

Masasi-Nachingwea; and Kysla

in-..: Mbeya... Region...
development programme’ also
includes the rehabilitation of
existing stations and re-
inforcement of the existing
transmission system.

Ata later stage, a new training
school is to be constructed for
developing skills of middle level
technical personnel in order to
cope with expanding operations,
Ndugu Mosha said.

The projected investment
programme for years 1982
through 1987 envisages a total
expenditure amounting to
5,636.2m/- excluding interest on
loans, which is charged during
the period of. project
construction of the total
intended expenditure, he said.

“Development of hydro-
power and grid+ extension

constitutes 74 _per cent of this
expenditure. Electrification of
rural areas and the development
of mini-hydros will absorb 5 per
cent, whereas 7 per cent of this
expenditure will be earmarked
for the distribution system, and
the balance is ,aimed at
rehabilitation of diesel

generators and completion of the .

on-going projects”.

71

TANZANIA

Ndugu Mosha further pointed
+ out that in order to carry out its
investment plan and at the same
time operate its existing power -
systems, T, SCO would have
to generate adequate funds from
its own operations. which had
necessitated the increase of
tariffs.

The last revision of tariffs was
in 1979 and the Managing
Director said the new rates
would soon be made available to
consumers in booklets. -

The new tariff structure is as
follows:

@ Tariff No. 1, exclusive domestic
use — 0 to 100 units at -/50 cents per
unit, minimum 13/- in excess of 100
units at -/75 cents per unit.

© Tariff No. Pcommercial) —
applicable to premises where
business or trade is conducted and

_where” consumption is less than

10,000 units. 0-500 units at 2/50 per
unit, minimum 50/00. In excess of
$00 units at 1/75 per unit.

“@ ‘Tantt No. 3 (Industrial) —
applicable to premises engaged in
production - of any article’ or
commodity or industrial process and
where consumption is less than
10,000 units. 0-1000 units at 1/10 per
unit. minimum 150/00. In excess of

1000 units at 1/00 per unit.
“ @

Tariff No. 4
(industrial) — applicable to premises
as in Tariff No. 3 but where
consumption is more than 10,000
units, all KVA at 75/00 per KVA
minimum charge 6,000/00. Units at
-/70 cents per unit.

@-(Tarrif No. 5 (commercial) —
applicable to premises as in Tariff

io..2 where consumption is more
than 10,000 units. AL KVA at 80/00
Bsr KVA, minimum charges 9.600/

). Units at -/75 cents per unit. "

©@ Tariff No. 6 — applicable to
street lighting religious organisation
like mosque, churches, temple etc.
and other charitable organisations.
All units at -/90 cents per unit.



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL ON LABOR PARTY DECISION
MB060907 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Jan 83 p 8
[Editorial: "Labour's Favour"]

[Text] Mr P.W. Botha must be mopping his brow in relief. By favour of
the Labour Party, his constitutional plan is still alive and on course.
Faced by an agonising dilemma--essentially, whether to participate in a
fundamentally flawed scheme or to accept probable extinction--the party
has decided to go along with the prime minister. It would have been
gravely embarrassing for Mr Botha had the decision gone the other way.

Not, of course, that it is anything like an unqualified acceptance. Only
too clearly the Labour Party is unhappy and uncertain, anxious not to lose
what seems to it to be the chance of getting inside the ring of power
politics but fearful of the consequences. That it still went ahead despite
the unambiguous warning delivered by Chief Gatsha Buthelezi is testimony
to its courage--or foolhardiness. It remains to be seen what fallout
might ensue, with negative effects not only on the Labour Party's relations
with Inkatha but on race relations in general.

Now that the Labour Party is prepared to give the constitutional plan a
try, a fresh responsibility rests on Mr Botha. He has to give the party
demonstrable proof that it is correct in its decision. He has to do that
by showing that coloureds will indéed benefit substantially and speedily
from the new dispensation; that the nationalists are truly determined to
get away from their traditional ugly racial practices; and that it does
not matter that blacks are excluded.

Can Mr Botha deliver on any of this? It seems unlikely in the extreme.
He is caught in his own racial trap. It is not even certain that he would
want to deliver any great deal more than the limited amount of change that
he is already offering. So what honeymoon period between the Labour Party
and the government that now lies ahead could be short and disintegrate
into acrimony.

There is another factor. The last election held among coloureds was in

1975, for the then coloured persons representative council. Only 25 percent
of eligible voters participated. The Labour Party won the majority but

56



the present of socialisms and populisms seems assured. The symmetrical illu-
sions of traditional communalism or, healthy modernism are no longer valid
safeguards. The worsening of. social inequalities, of cultural and political
alienations, leads to a common fund of. demands, but for the time being seems
to ban any more radical mobilization.

The political field embraces the entire planet and the midst remote sanctuaries.
The overlapping of-these levels reduces the number of conflicts, the formula-
tion of social awareness or political programs. Do social movements need a
theory at the present time? They do need a spokesman for those who do not
speak, for they are too exploited or disoriented, and they especially need
analysts for those who too often speak without ever speaking of themselves.

As J.-J. Rawlings himself recently said: "It would be too simple if I were

to transmit a message only. to the Ghanaian people! They understand me in-
stinctively!"9

"Nonsense!" the pessimists will say. "Not only that!" others will say,
whether optimistic or naive.

FOOTNOTES

1. Actually, these works reduce the social movement to a national movement.
For example, see B. Davidson: "L'Afrique au XXe Siecle," Paris, Editions
J. A., 1979, 446 pp, and J. Ziegler: "Main Basse Sur l'Afrique," Paris
Le Seuil, 1978, 298 pp.

2. See, for example, the first part of. "La Voix et le Regard," Paris,
Le Seuil, 1978, 315 pp: "Social movements are neither accidents nor
factors of change. They are the collective action of actors at the
highest level, the class actors, who fight for social leadership of
historicity, the main cultural orientations by which a society normally
organizes its relationship with its environment. An analysis of societies
brings out antagonistic social movements and their common cultural stakes
behind the false positiveness of order, of categories of social practices
and behind ideologies. It happens that social movements ‘may be weak or
disorganized. It is never possible in historical societies not to re-
cognize their place at the heart of social life." (p 40)

3. See "Politique Africaine I (1), 1981: "Politics in Black Africa: The
High and the Low."

4. See articles by A. Sylla and P. Mihyo.
5. See articles by R. Jeffries, G. Nicolas and G. Dauch.

6. See LE MONDE DIPLOMATIQUE, "L'Afrique des Bourgeoisies Nouvelles,"
November 1981.

7. See, for example, works by R. Jeffries or A. Pearce on workers in Ghana
or Nigeria.



MADAGASCAR

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION NEEDS DETAILED
Tananarive MADAGASCAR-MATIN in French 24 Nov 82 pp 1-2
[Article by Guido d'Onofrio]

[Text] It is estimated that by the year 2000, our planet will have 6 billion
inhabitants. Feeding that population will constitute one of the crucial prob-
lems of the end of the 20th century.

It is useful to recall that before the appearance of modern agriculture, the
temperate regions that have regular climatic conditions experienced many famines
every time the increase in population was not accompanied by an increase in
farm production. The most recent occurred in Ireland from 1846 to 1851 and
resulted in the immigration of hundreds of thousands of Irish to the United
States. While these regions seem safe’ from such scourges for the present time,
it should not be forgotten that the more the population increases, the more
agricultural yield must increase in all countries.

According to reports from specialized organizations, 90 percent of all devel-
oping countries imported some 88 million tons of grain in 1981, with 90 percent
of that grain coming from a small number of countries. Only an intensification
of world agriculture will make it possible for every human being to have
enough to eat by the year 2000.

Such an intensification is all the more necessaty because part of the inter-
tropical zone is a sensitive area climatewise, threatened by periods of drought
and floods similar to the one that hit Madagascar this year, a flood due to
excessive precipitation and the lack of flood control.

A solution to contemporary food and agriculture problems can only -be sought
in the dissemination throughout the world of. intensive agriculture. In order
to achieve such a goal, it is necessary to implement a certain number of well-
known production factors:

High-yield varieties, well-adapted to the soil and climates found where they
are grown; protection for crops against insects and disease; rational use of
water (to make 1 kilogram of dry plant matter, the plant needs from 200 to

300 liters of water); and maintenance of an adequate level of fertility through
the use of organic matter and mineral fertilizers. It is perhaps useful to

27



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RESPONSE TO INTERVIEW--The Afrikaans writer, Breyten Breytenbach, who was
released recently before serving his full prison sentence for terrorist
activities, says the ANC is today completely in the hands of the South
African Communist Party. Interviewed in Paris by the representatives of
a Dutch newspaper, he says that at the time of the establishment of the
(Okhela) movement in which he came to be involved, there was a power
struggle between communists and noncommunists in the ANC. Even then,
however, the South African Communist Party was in virtual control of the
ANC. In Pretoria a spokesman for the police directorate of public rela-
tions, Col Chris Coetzee, has described the statements by Mr Breytenbach
as confirmation that the inner-circles of the ANC are dominated by the
South African Communist Party. It was also confirmation, he said, of
what the minister of law and order, Mr Le Grange, and the chief of the
security police, Lt Gen Johan Coetzee, had stated on numerous occasions
and it furthermore confirmed the evidence given before the Denton
Commission in the United States and in South African courts. [Text]
[MB041118 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 4 Jan 83]

MINISTER ON PARTY'S DECISION--The South African minister of constitutional
development and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, says discussions on constitu-
tional affairs have already brought about a good understanding among the
various population groups forming a basis for further progress. Reacting
to the decision by the colored Labor Party to take part in the new constitu-
tional development, Mr Heunis said his government held high hopes that
further gratifying results would follow soon. The government was both
thankful and impressed by the responsible and positive attitude of the
overwhelming majority of the colored population. Collective efforts

were being made to improve the present dispensation to everybody's advantage.
Results so far, had been promising. Mr Heunis said this offered tangible
proof that when reasonable leaders negotiated in a positive spirit, rewards
were forthcoming. Reason and logic could triumph when emotionally laden
problems were tackled jointly.

BOESAK SCORES PARTY'S DECISION--There's been more angry reaction to the
colored Labor Party's decision to participate in the government's reform
plan. Criticism has come from president of the World Alliance of Reformed
Churches Alan Boesak. From Cape Town, (Betty Hoffmeyer). [Hoffmeyer] In

63



SWAZILAND

OFFICIAL HOPES FOR OCTOBER ELECTIONS
MB061803 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 6 Jan 83 pp 1, 16

[Text] The Indvuna Yetinkhundla [chief of traditional regions system],
Mr Mndeni Shabalala, has said if all goes well general elections for
members of the electoral college should be held by October this year.

"We will soon know when to prepare for the next general elections to choose
members of the electoral college," Mr Shabalala told THE TIMES yesterday.
He continued: "I have put out feelers to find out when we can start
holding meetings with the people on the basis of the Tinkhundla system.

We are waiting for the green light from the elders to start doing so.

But I do promise that on the basis of the feelers the elders are busy
working on the subject of the Tinkhundla. Apparently, due to pressure

of other government and state affairs there has been no final word on

this issue."

Mr Shabalala told THE TIMES that his office was anxious to get the green
light to start holding Tinkhundla meetings. "One thing is certain: The
Tinkhundla are functioning very well, although we have not been able so
far to hold meetings in accordance with the principles embodied in the
system. The reason that it appears the Tinkhundla are a little bit quiet
is that I can't just go out and address meetings without getting the green
light from the head of state or the prime minister."

Mr Shabalala said the Tinkhundla governors and members of the electoral
college had repeatedly asked him why the Tinkhundla seemed not to have
got off the ground after almost five years since the system was intro-
duced to return the country to parliamentary government.

Mr Shabalala said that his explanation has been that the elders were taking
their time because as a new concept there was the need to be very careful
before taking any decisions on the future of the system. This was the
same explanation that the late his majesty King Sobhuza II gave during
what turned out to be his last public address to the nation at Lobamba
royal residence last year.

65



Mr Shabalala told THE TIMES that her majesty the queen regent Dzeliwe was
in constant consultation with the prime minister Prince Mabandla over the
functions of the regional administrators who have not assumed their official
functions since the announcement of their appointments last year. Mr
Shabalala pointed out that the four districts would be renamed regions and
the functions of the present district commissioners would be effectively
taken over by the regional administrators who would enjoy the status of
deputy ministers.

"The title of district commissioner, according to the king's order estab-
lishing the third parliament of Swaziland, no longer exists. It is being
replaced by the regional administrator."

The Tinkhundla system was introduced in 1978 when, instead of the eight
constituencies drawn up at independence under-westminister-style constitu-
tion, the country was divided into 40 Tinkhundla.

The first general elections since 1972 were held to return the country to
parliamentary government after six years of government through a council
of ministers. Each Inkhundla returned two members for the electoral
college, who in turn elected members of parliament. Of the 80 members of
the electoral college, there are now 79, following the death of the
member for Sigwe, Mr Mnkamndane Dlamini, who was chosen in a by-election.
The late Mr Dlamini had been elected to replace Mr Ndawonye Sikhondze who
had been nominated by the late king to the senate.

cso: 3400/560

66



will continue to say, we became well known only on the combat field. When
we made the 14 November move, we were condemned. We were described as
bandits and traitors; traitors who had walked from Conakry to Guinea-Bissau.
[Applause] I wonder whether traitors could foot it from Boke to Guinea-
Bissau. We fought our way to the Geba River, over there. We will only
say this: Certain persons can call us traitors. But the people will never
call us traitors. [Applause]. The people used to see us on foot. They
gave us food and shelter. They know that we can never become traitors.
They know that we will never betray them. On the contrary, we want justice
and equality; we want brotherhood. This is why we carried out a coup on 14
November.

We came here to meet our elder brother in order to examine several problems
and to strengthen our ties of cooperation and friendship. As we all know,
we are brothers. We were separated. But as our elder brother said earlier
in his speech, we must work together to achieve African unity. If we do
not achieve it now, others will achieve it. Just like Almany Samory who
fought unsuccessfully and then other generations, such as that of President
Sekou Toure and others, succeeded in their struggle. This is why we must
fight to perpetuate the ideals, and to establish in our two countries peace,
brotherhood, well-being for all our people.

Long live the PDG! Long live the PDG! Long live President Ahmed Sekou
Toure! Long live President Ahmed Sekou Toure! Long live the peoples of
Guinea-Bissau and Guinea-Conakry! Thank you. [Applause]

CSO: 3419/396

24



NATIONAL TRANSPORT COMPANY BEGINS RECEIVING SPARE PARTS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jan 83 p 1,

[Text]

THE National Transport Cor-
poration (NTC) has started
receiving spare’ parts and
vehicle components for the
implementation of the 112m/-
vehicle rehabilitation
programme launched last
April.

The Acting NTC Chairman
and Managing Director,
Ndugu M. Shekalaghe, said in
Dar es Salaam at the weekend
that the first consignment of
“rehabilitation kits’? was
cleared from the Dar es
Salaam Port last Friday while
the rest would arrive between
this month and June.

The total cost of the spare
parts, vehicle components and
bodybuilding materials to be
imported untfer the
programme’: from *“Itaty,*
Britain and West Germany,
would be 108m/- while the
rest of the funds would meet
local costs including NTC
consulting fees.

Ndugu Shakalaghe said im-
plementation of the project,
expected to take 18 months,
would be completed by Oc-
tober when 1,300 vehicles
would have been put on the
road — injecting an ad-
ditional 1,200 tonnes more to

CSO: 3400/566

the national transport
capacity.

“Project beneficiaries would
be the National Bus Service
(KAMATA), the Usafiri Dar
es Salaani (UDA), the
National Milling Corporation,
the Tanzania Tea Authority,
the Tanzania Cotton
Authority, the Tanzania
Wood Industry, General
Agricultural Products Export,
all regional trading com-
panies (RTCs) and the Board
of Internal Trade.

Others are Tanzania Zam-
bia Road Services, Tanzania
Breweries Limited, Tanzania
Railways Corporation,
Ministry of Works, Mwanan-
chi Engineering and Con-
tracting Company (MECCO),
Coast Region Transport Com-
pany, TANESCO and the
Tanzania Posts and Telecom -
munications Corporation.

‘The project, financed by a
European Economic Com-
mission (EEC) grant, would
involve rehabilitation of 600
trucks and buses as well as
body building of 700 vehicles
manufactured in EEC coun-
tries. The vehicles would in-
clude Albion, Fiat, Leyland
and Mercedes Benz makes.

The material would be sold

76

TANZANIA

to the beneficiaries at a
reasonable price because their
customs .duty would be
waived. Spare parts and
vehicle components like
engines would be sold in ex-
change for old ones and the
revenue would be used by
NTC to strengthen projects in
the road transpdért sector.

Ndugu Shekalaghe said
NTC had also recommended
to the Government that some
of the revenue be used to re-
condition some of the old
engines to repair more
vehicles as part of the second
phase of the rehabilitation
project.

He said a four-man team.
had been formed by NTC to
minitor implementation of the
project in collaboration with
experts from the EEC. The
rehabilitation monitoring
team would, among other
things, ascertain that new
components like engines were
installed intact.

Repair work would be
carried out in Dar es Salaam
at the beneficiaries’ workshop
and at vehicle dealers’
workshop in Iringa, Arusha,
Dar es Salaam and Mwanza
regions, he said.



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PROGRESS OF SOCIAL MOVEMENT IN. AFRICA EXAMINED
Paris POLITIQUE AFRICAINE in French Dec 82 pp 3-7

[Article by J. Coppans and R. Buitenhuijs: "The Social Movement in Africa:
Perpetual Motion?"]

[Text] The turbulence of African political life is more reminiscent of an
animated drawing than it is a subject or means of scientific analysis, Indeed,
coups d'etat, border conflicts and regional uprisings seem imbedded in the
very fabric of societies on the Black continent. And yet, this "foreign dis-
patch" type view, focusing on the national and state level, underestimates, if
not completely ignores, the more social dimensions of political expression.
What is more, this perspective does not seize or recognize the very movement
that produces society, its groups and all their relationships. One must add
that the most diverse theoretical orientations find such a position of prin-
ciple or facility most convenient.

There are those for whom the African continent is a vast "terrain of adventure"
where the two superpowers (and sometimes the old colonial tutors) measure
their presence or absence. It is as an echo of this planetary conflict that
movements of adjustment or disfunction should shoot through local societies
that can take no more. For other interpreters, the main causes of this agita-
tion bear witness to the permanence of ancestral reflexes, of archaic relics
such as tribalism or the peasant mentality. The (exquisite) cadaver of tradi-
tion is still twitching and the long-awaited rigor mortis (scouring, rational
modernity) has not yet set in. Finally, there are those for whom these Afri-
can societies are prey to the class struggle: an incurable epidemic or a
revolutionary deux ex .machina?

Naturally, criticism is always easy. What is there then to talk about? While
the ideological and practical reality of vast social movements leaves no doubt,
one still has to describe their operation and understand the mechanisms. The
great frescoes a la J. Woddis, B. Davidson or J. Ziegler! verge on trompe-
l'oeil, masking more than they explain the so-called nonpolitical vagueness

of the social movements of contemporary Africa. Nevertheless, to interpret
social phenomena through the political or to express -- and reduce -- politi-
cal phenomena in terms of social movement is a very common exercise. An
examination of confrontations between the government, its allies and the
"others" makes it possible, if done thoroughly, to spot the elements of



ZAIRE

TANESCO Announces New Tariff Rates as of One January

(Mike Sikawa; DAILY NEWS, 30 Dec 82).....-.200+ sete cee eees
Two Ministers Praise Netherlands for Assistance
(DAILY NEWS, 31 Dec 82)...... bee eee e eee ee eeee sence eeeeee
Party Officials Urge CCM Leaders To Mobilize Masses for
Ujamaa
(DAILY NEWS, 1 Jan 83)... wee e eee teens

Government Raises Taxes Effective One January
(Wence Mushi; DAILY NEWS, 1 Jan 83) ...cceccseccceesceeceee

Ministry Says 1983 Economic Situation To Remain Bleak
(SUNDAY NEWS, 2 Jan 83).. .

National Transport Company Begins Receiving Spare Parts
(DAILY NEWS, 3 Jan 83)..

Thirty Railroad Cars To Haul Rock Phosphate Arusha to Tanga
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 24 Dec 82)........... eee eeeeee

Nation Pays First Installment of EANSL Liabilities
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 22 Dec 82).......seeee- see eeee

Consultant Notes Savings for Industry
(DAILY NEWS, 23 Dec 82)........ sec e eee c eee eee se eee eee eee

ELCT Language, Orientation School Teaches Swahili to

Foreigners
(Lugano Mbwina; DAILY NEWS, 22 Dec 82)..

UAE, Kuwait, Oman Agree To Expand Cooperation With Nation
(Charles Kizigha; DAILY NEWS, 21 Dec 82)......seeeeeeeeee

Nation To Host International Swahili Language Development

Meetings
(DAILY NEWS, 18 Dec 82).

President's Comments on Namibian Independence
(Dar es Salaam Domestic Service, 10 Jan 83)......

Briefs
South Korean Delegation
Matadi Combination Bridge

ZIMBABWE

Interview With Mugabe
(Robert Mugabe Interview; BERLINER ZEITUNG,
4 Jan 83)...........

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

82

83

84

85
85

86



people, the year that has just ended was characterized by the complexity result-
ing from the international situation. It is significant that in this context
the active external policy conducted by Your Excellency has led to the
strengthening of your country's prestige in the international arena. International
public opinion and all peace-loving forces’of this planet are on the side of

the People's Republic of Angola and its just cause. On different occasions the
United Nations has’ called for an end.to South Africa's aggressions and for a
peaceful resolution of southern African problems. The 37th session of the

UN General Assembly has once again condemned the acts of aggression by the
racists against Angola. It has demanded the end of the illegal occupation

of Namibia as well as the solution of the Namibian problem in terms of pertinent
resolutions by the same body.

Your Excellency may rest assured that we, the representatives of the different
states and international bodies gathered here, will use every means at our
disposal to support the People's Republic of Angola with the view to bringing
to the whole of its territory the peace that it deserves so’much. In this year
that has just begun, the members of the diplomatic corps wish Your Excellency
good health as well as new successes in’ fulfilling your high duties—-those

of increasing responsibility for the’ good of the People's Republic of Angola.
We join you in your words that have been expressed in the new year message.

We wish peace and well being for all citizens of your country. [end recording]

That was the new year message read by Soviet ambassador accredited to our country
on behalf of all diplomatic’ representations accredited to Angola and addressed

to Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, chairman of the MPLA-Labor Party and president
of the People's Republic of Angola.

Dos‘ Santos' Reply
MB041838 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 3 Jan 83

[Speech by President Jose Eduardo.dos Santos in reply to new year message from
diplomatic corps on 2 January 1983, place not given--recorded]

[Text] Your Excellencies, heads of diplomatic missions and representatives of
international organizations, ladies, comrades: When a new year begins, your
participation in this humble and traditional ceremony of presentation of greetings
is important and useful for us in view of the spirit of cordiality and solidarity
that it gives to the relations between our governments and peoples. Therefore,

I want to thank Your Excellencies and your wives for this gesture, which has
eloquently been reflected in the kind and sympathetic words addressed to the
Angolan people, to their president and the government by His Excellency, the
dean, and to take this opportunity to wish you a happy and prosperous new year.

We know that you belong to a group of men in the world who have the important
mission of negotiating and of reconciling political interests which sometimes

are actually opposed to each other. It is a difficult but noble mission, since
the diplomat's imagination and eloquence can make peace prevail over war, friend-
ship over disagreement, or even dynamism over apathy in the relations among
states. We hope, therefore, that your role may serve to strengthen peace and
fraternity among men and among peoples on the face of the earth, a necessary

13



Vosges" and that ‘whatever the case, we must not confuse our interpretation of
the international context with the African vision of the same history. The
same vocabulary can signify different explanations, different positions. This
is where the social movement appears with its own logic, its mechanisms of
fabrication, fabulation, manipulation, interpretation of the political.

And yet, a pan-African or inter-African vision of the social movement does not
mean much. The new social strata, categories or classes that take power,

the floor or the money are far from being the same from one country to the
next. National, comprador, bureaucratic, petty-bourgeois bourgeoisies jostle
one another under the label of specialists or militants. For their part,
urban low-income groups are far from-being marginal. It must be said that
minicapitalism and populism seem to go hand in hand and are a success.’ The
peasantry sees its fate depending on the interest of foreign backers: It is
coaxed to produce more and better, but it is scorned if it does not react to
the entreaties addressed to it or’ repressed if it says and does what it thinks.

We propose no new theory. We are not the spokesman for any particular theory
and one will not find satisfaction on this point in the explicit or implicit
references of, the authors of articles.. Our position is deliberately pragmatic:
Before producing a theory of the social movement, one should speak of it.
Naturally, one cannot build anything without ideas, but it is necessary to
first of all admit that the analysis of certain phenomena considered to be
"lowly," without. prestige or even insignificant by the scientific, university
and political Vulgate, must occupy the front of the stage. The almost exclu-
sive importance of English-speaking African countries in this issue is not

any editorial accident. It quite simply reflects the delay or lack of interest
in the things of this lower world which African studies in French have consis-
tently shown for half a century.

The critical privilege of Marxist inspiration -~ on the political or scientific
levels -- is no longer’sure. The anti-imperialism behind the strategies of
African theoreticians curiously leads them to neglect that which makes their
strength, their social capacity for mobilization. As for empiricist neo-
Marxism, it detects, classifies and reclassifies without ever leaving the
circle of those close to ethnological or sociological knowledge. What is
lacking in African pertinence of Marxism is the democratic experience of
political discussion and theoretical reflection. Imported by Africans or
reworked locally by foreigners, it in’no way results from an autonomous
political experience that would enrich decisions made. Marxism remains a pure
import in the hands of groups specializing in idea import-exports! . It is a
luxury product and will not become a common consumer product by virtue of a
mere switch in labels or packing.

The social liberation ‘of Africa remains a big word. It is every man for him-
self. One has to recognize that the movement which seems to give more politi-
cal weight (or more political chance) to certain social categories (the poor
and the "damned") does not seem to distinguish itself from the case in which
those in control of government speak of others (the same poor and damned),
while being very careful not to allow them to speak! Neither the future nor



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

SOUTH KOREAN DELEGATION--A seven-member South Korean economic delegation led
by Mr Lee Chung-soo, minister adviser in charge of African affairs of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has been staying in Kinshasa since 25 November
and will remain until 1 December. [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 27 Nov 82 p 1]
Citizen Inonga Lokongo L'Ome, state commissioner for transport and communica-
tions, and the delegation discussed projects which could aid Zaire's transport
infrastructure. For the Zairian Shipping Company, this involves transforming
two of its ships into container ships; for railroads the restoration of the
Ilebo-Lubumbashi line, acquisition of 300 railroad cars, the construction of
the Ilebo-Kinshasa Railroad, the electrification of the Kinshasa-Matadi line,
and the construction of the Matadi-Banana railroad link in preparation for the
construction of the Banana deep-water port. According to Mr Lee Chung-soo,
all these projects are technically achievable by the South Korean transport
industry; however, it remains to find financing either from lenders or from
the South Korean Government. [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 30 Nov 82 pp 1, 7]

“MATADI COMBINATION BRIDGE--Citizen Inonga Lokongo L'Ome, state commissioner
for transport and communications, recently traveled by rail to Matadi where
he noted the progress of the new combination highway/railway bridge over
the Zaire River in Matadi. Construction is 83 percent completed, and it will
presumably be finished on 18 March 1983. Also-under construction at the port
of Matadi are various wharfs for the container terminal. Citizen Inonga
was also shown the 14 electric cranes and the loading crane which can lift a
maximum of 35-40 tons, thus permitting containers to be stacked four high.
[Luzolo Siasia] [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 29 Nov 82 p 10]

CSO: 3419/377



NATION PAYS FIRST INSTALLMENT OF EANSL LIABILITIES

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Dec 82 p 1

{Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text]

TANZANIA has paid the first
instalment of 4.175 million/-
to meet her share of the
defunct Eastern Africa
National. Shipping Line
(EANSL) liabilities, it was
learnt in Dar es Salaam
yesterday. ’

It was not immediately
known if the -other - three
shareholders of the line

disbanded two years ago had
also met the obligation. Each
‘one of them was to pay up a
similar instalment last
month. :

Confirming the payment in
the city, the Director of Ship-
ping in the Ministry of Com-
munications and ‘Transport,
Ndugu P.N. Meghji, said he
would enquire on the position
of the other former partners
from the .EANSL_ joint
liquidators, Coopers and
Lybrand in London.

The fou? states, Tanzania,
Kenya, Uganda and Zambia
last ‘March .agreed on a
payment scheme under which
each of them would con-
tribute 4.175 million/- in six

cso: 3400/566

equal instalments beginning,
November, this year.

The EANSL liabilities are
estimatedat 59.6 million/- of
which each of the
shareholders would pay about
15 -million/-. The last in-
stalments are expected to be
rounded off in May, 1984.
~"Ndugu’ Meghji explained,
however, that the figure was
tentative and that more
claims might be lodged by

‘creditors. There was also the

possibility of reducing
liabilities, he said.

He said the liquidator
would set a time limit for fur-
ther claims at- the end of
which the accounts would be
updated and a joint meeting
with shareholders convened
to review them.

Tanzania and Kenya will
pay the bulk of their in-
stalments -in local currency’
because most of the liabilities
were made locally. Ndugu
Meghji said the two countries
would operate local accounts
through which the payments
would be made.

78

TANZANIA

-He said Uganda and Zam-
bia, paying most of their
shares in foreign currency,
would channel their remit-~
tances to London.

The shipping firm formed in
1966 has virtually no assets to
be shared between the
shareholders because the
line’s creditors seized the only
three ships to recover in-
vestments and dividends.

Two of the ship

Two of the ships, my. Jogoo
registered in. Kenya and mv.
Uganda which was registered
in Uganda were seized at high
seas in Europe shortly before
the demise of the company
and were later sold.

The third ship, mv
ditegemee registered-in Tan-
zania was seized by the Tar-
zania Investment Bank (TIB)
at the Dar es Salaam Port.
TIB was one of the EANSL
creditors.

Ndugu Meghji said the
seizures covered part of the
abilities.



He said there are 60 dif-
ferent lessons, each presented
through ‘dialogue system’ and
lessons on new vocabulary
and structures are introduced
to the entire class usually of
32 students. The introduction
is done by. a. trained in-
structor, then students
proceed to work in smaller
groups of two to three wi
the help of an aide employe
by the school.

‘While the mornings are en-—
tirely devoted .to language
learning, the afternoons: are
given to grammar. and orien-
tation experiences. :

After few weeks of such
drills, they are introduced to
letter and essay writing to
help them recall and use the
words and , experiences they
have had.

In the orientation course,
apart -from field trips, the
students are lectured on Tan-
zania’s history, political struc-
ture and policies, culture, law
and customs, its economy and
natural resources. And in the
last weeks students are en-
couraged to concéntrate on
their individual areas of in-
terest in terms of the work
they expect to do after the_
course. ‘

No complicated methods
are applied during the
training Cards bearing dif-
ferent words, photographs,
illustrations and sometimes
recorded tapes are the most
recommended teaching
facilities at the school.

The methods - might look
“crude’’ as compared to
laboratory technics which are

cso: 3400/566

applied in developed coun-”
tries. But they have proved
best at this school, following
the curriculum which stress
‘on teaching through “hearing,

sermons,
while teachers have also been
able to, prepare,,,teaching
booklets with illuci?ations of
various subjects like medical,
engineering, cookery, sewing
and other practical subjects.

Oral and written Kiswahili
examinations are given at the
end of the 18-week course,

The level’ of the
examinations is that of ‘Tan-
zania lower Kiswahili’
examination. :

However, for the sake of
these foreign students, its for-
mat is controlled so that only

. the words encountered: during

the course are included in the
examination.

The founder of the school,
Miss Hellen Errickson, an
American. lady staved in the
country from 1946, until she
retired, and flew back to US
in 1981.

Ndugu Bandio recalls that
Miss Errickson, during her
long stay in the country for
almost. 35 years, new
Kiswahili ‘better than even
most of the ‘Waswahili them-
selves’.

The ‘school teaching
syllubus remains to be one of
her notable contribution to.
the school, he recounts.

The school’s intake is still
of 32 students for 18 weeks

81

“~The school was

courses, twice a yéac. Usually
the course begins from mid-
February to June and late
July to November.
irst
established at Kurasini in
Dar es. Salaam , between
1963/70 and then moved. tou
Kibosho, between . 1970/80
before being shifted to
Morogoro.

Apart from Ndugu Bandio,
Miss Martanne Gustafsson, a
Finnish, is another trairtied
instructor who has been with
the school for the past 13°
years. She started teaching
immediately after Miss
Errickson had retired.

According’ to Miss Gustaf-
sson, the school has so far
taught over 500 foreigners
since its establishment. The
students mainly are from the
United States, Sweden, Ger-
many, Finland and Norway.

She ys most of them are
pastor doctors, teachers,
secret ies, accountant,
hospita. administrators and
housewives of the Lutheran
Church foreign personnel.

She adds, however, that the
school is not strictly for,
Lutherans. Those who have
studied there included Roman
Catholic and Moravian chur-
ches students. It is also open
‘for expatriates who come to
work for the government of
Tanzania. .

Tuition fees together with
boarding rates are 15,750/- for
ELCT members, while non-
members, the rate is 16,200/-.
Students with children pay an
extra amount of 1.200/- for
kindergarten services of an in-
ternational school standard.



Observers here said that such sentiments could only find an echo in other
leaders of African states within the Bantu region. Eight of them--Central
African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Principe,
Zaire and Zambia, as well as Gabon--have already signed the convention set-
ting up the ICBC.

Under this convention the center will have the essential function of "pre-
serving and conserving the authentic values of the Bantu civilization in
all sectors of activity and research, including ethnology, literature, trad-
itional medicine, pharmacology, music, painting, architecture, political
science and philosophy."

The center will cooperate with other African and international institutions
ofa cultural, educational and scientific character. It will also seek to
promote studies on Bantu culture, give training and information to teachers,
artists, researchers and producers of cultural events, and organize meetings
and cultural exchanges,

The heart of the ICBC,and its main reason for existence, will be a data bank
to centralize the mass of information on Bantu civilization. The bank will
be lined through computer terminals to each country concerned.

Gabon has earmarked some $6 million to launch the ICBC effectively in the
next few months. Other aid will come from the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the United Nations Develop-
ment Fund, the African'Cultural Institute and the Cultural and Technical
Cooperation Agency.

Gabon will also undertake construction of the center, which will have build-
ings for artistic and cultural activities as well as administration. They
will include a theater, a library, an exhibition hall, laboratories and study
rooms. The idea, in President Bongo's words, is to give Africans back what
they need most--a sense of identity.

cso: 3400/569

19



076063
JPRS 82677

| 19 January 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2750

19980320 142

MiG QuaLIiy UpseRetED ¢

DETABUTION STATEMENT & |

ee
Approved fer publia relecne
Distribution Unlimited

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



UAE, KUWAIT, OMAN AGREE TO EXPAND COOPERATION WITH NATION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 21 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by Charles Kizigha]

[Text]

cso:

“UNITED \"Arab _‘Emiffates'
(UAE), Kuwait and Oman have
in’ principle to promote
“and jpiverstiy "the" existing =
relations . with «Tanzartia” “for
mutual benefit. © - .
The Minister for Foreign ©
Affairs, Ndugu. Salim Ahmed
Salim, who retumed to Dar es
Salaam yesterday after a two-

week tour tothe Gulf states said
his trip .was useful . and
productive. ! 7 ,

He told newsmen at the Dares ,
Salaam | Intérnational_ Airport
that Tanzania and the Gulf states
had agreed | to it

He said leaders bi the United
‘Arab Emirates agreed to
reactivate thé joint commission
wit cae and to explore
possibilities of ‘co-operation in
economic, technical, trade and
cultural areas; .

.In Qatar, the’ two countries
agreed in principle to establish .
diplomatic , relations at
ambassadorial level as‘soon as

Ndugu Salim also "held
discussions _with senior officials
of Abu Dhabi Fund which
assisted the tecently launched
Kagera Sugar’ plant in Kagera
Region. Pe : ;

3400/566

82

The Minister addéd that”

Kuwait and Tanzania have also
agreed ‘to establish diplomatic
relations at arbassadorial level
in the near future:

He said his visit had brought a
new era of relations with the
Gulf states and created a better
atmosphere | which Tanzania
could make full use of.

Ndugu Salim said the
discussions in Kuwait were very
fruitful. The results of the talks
would be; pursued — throu;
hormal government channels,

. ‘Kuwait’ officials. expressed
their sympathy with Tanzania’s
economic situation. Kuwait
;demonstrated at under-
‘standing on-a number of issues,*~
hesaide

Ndugu Salim pointed out that
Tangata had been a beneficiary
of Kuwait aid in a number of
fields and he was optimistic that
such . assistance would be
furthered following his visit to
that gountry.

Ndugu Salim, however, said
that. although — Kuwait was
assisting Tanzania, the Arab
country had its own economic
problems. The oil glut and the
war situation in the Middle East
affected Kuwait's economy in
one, ‘way or another, the Minister
said.

TANZANIA



Treurnicht: Economic collaboration is necessary and of mutual interest, pro-
vided our own economic stability and growth enjoy priority aaifar as we are
concerned.

Marais: As already announced, 80 percent of the proposed bank's capital of

2 billion rand would have to be provided by South Africa. Therefore, this is
rather a case of financial help to black states than a case of collaboration.
The lesson learned from such help to African nations is that they end up get-
ting into deeper debts,’ they bring about little development and give the
impression that this kind of help is owed to them. What is preferable is help-
ing these countries on the basis of performance and counterperformance,
generating job-intensive projects for these nations, giving financial
encouragement to black entrepreneurs in white areas to mve into their
respective black states and, as a'means of combating poverty, having black
leaders persuade their people to reduce the present high birthrates.

(Question/ Are you in favor of a confederation of states in southern Africa?

Treurnicht: A confederation is'not a necessity. Interstate relations on a
multilateral basis need not have any set structures which tend to develop into
an all-inclusive commonwealth or federation. A confederation does not have
any historic precedents.

Marais: Confederation is a point of departure for a federation and, as Dr
Willie Breytenbach of the prime minister's office stated, it is a method of
joining together what is being kept separate by apartheid. Things such as
foreign affairs, finances, defense, etc., end up being entrusted to a central
authority in a confederation and this soon leads to a confederal bureaucracy
which ends up grabbing more arid more power. The sovereignty of states is
eaten up and borderlines fade away.

Relations between South Africa and black states must be regulated through
mutual agreements without a fixed political structure which could become a sort

of mini United Nations.

(Question) What is your alternative for the Nationalist Party's ideas of
consociation with the coloreds and Indians?

Treurnicht: Consociation has not been acceptable, not even for the i‘National-
ist Party itself, and we do not accept it either. We stand for complete
political self-determination, no sharing of power or multiracial government,
but our own government over’ our ow people and within our own jurisdiction.
Power-sharing leads to the loss of power.

Marais: The coloreds are a nation having as a nucleous the Cape Coloreds,

in like manner that the Afrikaners form the nucleous of the white people.

The identity of the coloreds must’ be recognized and their political develop-
ment must be coupled to a territorial area. Parliamentary democracy does
not have sufficient tolerance for deep-rooted racial differences such as
those between whites and coloreds. By race, language, religion and traditions
Indians are bound to a mother country which, as their advocate, is taking

42



INTER-AFRICAN .AFFAIRS

SUCCESS OF INTER-AFRICAN MEETINGS PRAISED
Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 21 Dec 82 p 1
[fGaitorial by Auguste Miremont: "The Spirit of Yamoussoukro"/

Lfext/ Will the decisions of Yamoussoukro be surprising because
of the quickness with which the summits of CEAO, ANAD Vion
Aggression and_Defense Aid Agreement/ and UMOA /West African
Monetary Union/ have affected them?

In fact the chiefs of state of our subregion have given a great
lesson in efficiency. And after the various vicissitudes which
the OAU experienced, it is really reassuring that it was shown
that tolerance, respect for the equality of one and the other,
consideration for each one's dignity and fraternity--on which
the relations between our chiefs of state are based-—were not
without success at the Yamoussoukro summits. It is obvious that
friendship and confidence lead to good results, regardless of the
questions discussed.

And if the CEAO, ANAD and UMOA have become the most constructive
organizations in Africa, where time is not wasted in useless dem-
ogogy or the search for some kind of leadership, it is because
the idea of solidarity is deeply rooted and experienced there.
Thus the battles of ideologies are excluded from them to the
benefit of the real problems of development and the social-
economic progress of our countries. And in this situation of
world crisis, which exacerbates nationalism, encourages selfish-
ness, leads to protectionism and intensifies the lust for profit
among nations, it is fortunate that our countries benefit from
the realism and cooperation between them.

President Houphouet was to say at the opening of the CEAO summit
Sunday, "it is no longer time for talk, but for reflection, con~

sultation and action."

The striking balance shown by the Third World, the group to
which our continent belongs, could only lead him to this appeal.



8. See J. Copans: "The Marxist Concept of Class: Political and Theoretical
Formulations in the African and Africanist Context"; report to’ the semin-
ar: "Endogenous Groups in World Perspective: The Imperatives of Endo-
genous Development," New Delhi, January 1981, 18 pp, mimeo.

9. Ina talk published in AFRIQUE-ASIE, No 271, 5 July 1981, p 30.

11,464
CSO: 3419/360



community and for the country than to elect the Rev Allan Boesak to the new
assembly, and with him Mr Norman Middleton and Dr Jakes Gerwel. We can
think of nothing more useful at this stage than that such men should combine
into a party in order to challenge the Rev Allan Hendrickse and his men for
the chance to occupy the new platform offered to them.

If it does nothing else, the prospect of such a party's winning the election
will prompt the government to sustain the Labour Party however it can, and
will thus strengthen the Labour Party's bargaining position. And if there-
fore the present turbulence leads to the creation of a new coloured political
party, and to more or less normal political contest within the coloured
community, we can only applaud.

CSO: 3400/563

55



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ETHIOPIAN TIES--The Central Committee of the FRELIMO party has expressed its
desire to strengthen and broaden relations with the party of the working
people of Ethiopia in the common struggle against imperialism, apartheid and
Zionism. This is contained in a message sent to the Central Committee of the
commission to organize the party of the working people of Ethiopia on its
second congress. In its message the FRELIMO party recalls the recent courtesy
visit made by Ethiopian President Mengistu Haile Mariam, to Mozambique as yet
another occasion during which friendship and solidarity relations between the
two parties, peoples and states were strengthened. The message also expresses
the confidence that the congress will stimulate the activity of the militants
and the participation of the Ethiopian workers in defending and strengthening
the revolutionary conquests that have been achieved in the course of building
of a socialist society. [Text] [MB041220 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese
1030 GMT 4 Jan 83]

CSO: 3442/97

38



TANZANIA

CONSULTANT NOTES SAVINGS FOR INDUSTRY
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

TANZANIAN industries’ can
save furnace oil and elec-
tricity expenditure worth at
least 45 million/- annually
through energy conservation
measures, a United Nations
Industrial -Development
Organisation (UNIDO) con-
sultant has said.

Mr. Sean Rick, a consultant
to the Tanzania Industrial
Research and Development
Organisation (TIRDO), said
findings from eight in-plant
energy audits by the TIRDO
energy unit showed that the
eight industries could net an-
nual savings of more than 30
million/-.

Mr. Rick was briefing the
Minister for Industries,
Ndugu Basil Mramba, and
other government officials on
the energy audits carried out
in Dar es Salaam recently.

He said the eight industries
would effect the savings
through improved furnace
and boiler operation, better
insulation, reuse of hot water,
repair of steam leaks and ad-
justment of electrical loads
and power factors.

The consultant said ex-
tension of the energy oon-
servation measures to other
Tanzanian industries would
increase the annual savings
by between 15 million/- to 20
million /-.

79

“He said some industrial
units had made progress in
energy savings but added that
further gains could be
Achieved.

«According to Mr. Rick, the
materials needed for repair
and maintenance were mainly
available locally. Where im-
ports were necessary, the ef-
fected savings would pay back
the investment in less than.
one year, he added.

The Industrial energy audit.
services were inaugurated in
Dar es Salaam last month. A:
TIRDO. statement issued
in the city said
beneficiaries of the
Services would be issued with
audit reports recommending
Potential energy savings and
Possible reductions in energy
consumption.

e first surveys wi
scheduled for completion tn
December 16. The audit ser-
vices would continue next
year during which industries
outside Dar es Salaam would
be invited to participate.

The surveys cover furnace
and boiler efficiencies, heat
losses in plant facilities and
equipment and the ef-
fectiveness of electric power
consumption,



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

IVORIAN BORDER GUARDS RELEASED--Following a thorough review of circumstances
surrounding the recent arrest of two armed Ivorian security guards on
Liberian territory, the government has ordered their immediate release

and subsequent turnover to the custody of the ambassador of the Ivory

coast near Monrovia for repatriation. A Foreign Ministry release said

that the entire incident was unfortunate and resulted from a misunderstanding
which developed when the Ivorian security guards made minor incursions into
Liberian territory in pursuit of an Ivorian vehicle which was traveling

to Liberia. [Text] [AB081244 Monrovia Radio Elwa in English 1200 GMT

8 Jan 83]

MILITARY TRIBUNAL CHAIRMAN APPOINTED--A new chairman of the special military
tribunal has been appointed. He is Maj Gen Alfred Gayflor. Prior to his
appointment, Major General Gayflor had the rank of colonel and served as
co-chairman of the tribunal since it was set up by the PRC [People's
Redemption Council] in 1980. Major General Gayflor was appointed chairman
and elevated to the rank of Major General today by the head of state
Commander in Chief Samuel Kanyon Doe. He succeeds retired Maj Gen Joseph
Blamo, according to LINA [Liberian News Agency] quoting an executive
mansion release which says the new tribunal chairman is to be commissioned
immediately. [Text] [AB071827 Monrovia Radio Elwa in English 1600 GMT

7 Jan 83]

cso: 3400/565

26



actions against South Africa in international politics. This is a different
matter from the white language groups in South Africa who, though bound to
various mother countries, identify themselves as whites with other whites;
Indians do not have any other nonwhite races or national groups in South
Africa with whom they can identify themselves. Thus to involve them in a
single national government structure with the whites and the coloreds would
be to promote the worst of political instability.

The Indians ought to have self-rule in their own group areas, but they should
not have a territory where they could develop a political self-determination
like the coloreds, where they could get representation:in the United Nations.
along with India and then throw open their borders to’a large immiguation
from India.

(Question/ What is your alternative and what are your comments on the Nation-
alist Party's policy of abandoning discrimination?

Treurnicht: : The liberalistic obsession of abandoning discrimination is
forcing integration and is gradually destroying the right of a people to have
their own rights and privileges within their own areas. This imposes a kind
of equalization in which there can no longer’ be any talk of the rights of a
certain community. The alternative:is giving preference to a certain community
within its om jurisdiction. This is healthy discrimination.

Marais: Back in 1960, the former Progressive Party had labeled the phrase
“abandonment of discrimination" as that part of their policy which struck a
gap between them and the Nationalist Party. Because of the nature of the
contents of this phrase, acceptance of this political terminology of the Pro-
gressive Federal Party by the Nationalist Party leads one to also assume the
giving up of the policy of separate’ development, as is becoming apparent by
the increasing racial mixing now going on in many respects.

The Reunited Nationalist Party rejects the Nationalist Party's and the Pro-
gressive Federal Party's ideas of abandoning discrimination, because the
gesture implied by this is in direct conflict with the idea of separate de-
velopment.

As Dr Verwoerd explained it, discrimination must be eliminated by the estab-
lishment of a sufficient amount of separation and not by equalization in a
racially mixed society.

Question? What are your alternative and comments and also your policy
with respect to the sharing of facilities?

Treurnicht: Thé same answer.I gave you with respect to discrimination also
applies here.

Marais: Shared facilities represent an outcome of the abandonment of
discrimination. Separate tacilities are necessary for emphasizing the aware-
ness bf separate identity and the will for a strong maintenance of this
separate identity. As the non-white groups develop the requirements and

43



GUINEA

BRIEFS

SEA DISPUTE DISCUSSED--Dakar, Jan 8 (AFP)--Guinean President Ahmed Sekou
Toure and neighbouring Guinea-Bissau's head of state, Gen Joao Bernardo
Vieira, conferred in the Guinean town of Boke Friday, Conakry Radio, heard
here, reported. Reliable sources in Bissau said the two leaders discussed
a dispute between the two countries over territorial sea limits. The
dispute has been revived recently because of an oil exploration contract
Guinea signed two years ago with a U.S. firm, Union Texas Petroleum.
Guinea-Bissau has taken military steps to prevent prospecting activity

in the disputed zone off the Bissagos archipelago. {Text] [AB081045
Paris AFP in English 0726 GMT 8 Jan 83]

csO: 3400/565

25



At the same time the response requires that the economic interdependence

of all South Africa's peoples must be recognized. The nations have not
only nonnegotiable separate, but also vital common, interests, and a con-
federation is taking shape to accommodate those. Many details remain to

be settled in the negotiating process. The position of the urban black
communities; ways of accelerating economic progress in the black states;

and some form of common confederal citizenship. But the overall program

is clear and far advanced. In all this time, however, no adequate provision
had been made for two other important minority communities: the coloreds
and Asians. Neither had a homeland or even a separate sense of nationality.
Both were historically and socioeconomically indisputably pieces of the
internal constitutional jigsaw puzzle. The guidelines now under considera-
tion are designed merely to complete that puzzle. The dispensation for

the white, colored and Asian communities is another aspect of the response
to the whole complex situation. No one aspect invalidates any other.

Certainly the much greater strides that have been made toward full black
political participation through national self-determination in a confederal
association are in no way affected.

cso: 3400/559

62



construction, crystallization, relationships of strength, even domination and
exploitation. Political education of the social movement is a powerful labora-
tory in which power plays and disguises throw the adversary -- and the foreign
observer -~ off the path!

Without taking the concepts of sociologist A. Touraine? up for our own use --
by Africanizing them -- we nevertheless believe that it can be useful, given
the current state of research and reflection, to use the expression "social
movement." We would thus mark the existence of several concomitant realities
in constant juxtaposition, but which do not lend themselves to the traditional
distinctions of political, economic, social, cultural, and so on. In this
way, we wish to challenge the often journalistic category of social movements.
This concept of events tends to ennoble certain events ("miscellaneous move-
ments") and to deny others the label "political" because they do not present
the institutional guarantee. In short, one finds in it everything that might
in a certain way upset the established order or...the formal classifications
of the analyst.

For us, the social movement expresses the peculiar features of contemporary
African life. It is not exclusively identified with. the lower groups? or the
class struggle, for the social and cultural milieu in which political elements
come to be and are expressed is not merely a decorative background (the "post-
card side" of the special envoy, political scientist or anthropologist special-
izing in things African). Even if populism (several examples of which are
analyzed in this issue) seems to be a very African style, it is but one of the
possible forms of expression of the social movement. The repertoire of the
latter is inexhaustible, which does not mean that it is without logic.

One must first of all spot that social movement. If the detour through dis-
course seemed necessary in order to produce the field in which struggles and
identifications take place, it is because -- paradoxically enough -- the
discourse is to be taken seriously, because the social actors themselves take
it for ready money and give it an intensity whose intimate violence may be
considerable. All the social strata unveil a vigor that carries them beyond
their simple condition. Senegalese teachers reflect certain aspirations of
the people, while Tanzanian workers prove that the state bureaucracy defends
class interests.4 But this consideration given to discourse implies an equal
attention to practical decisions and actions. The episodes and featurelike
developments of the adventures of J.-J. Rawlings or of the PRP [People's
Redemption Party] in Kano make the emblematic strength of the charismatic
personages relative and call for a precise description of the contradictions
involved.

Obviously, one must not fall into the trap of giving only the internal causes
of the social movement. The limitations of foreign domination, the interven-
tion of multinational companies in the world economy, the political shift

of the West toward conservatism (Reagan, Thatcher) or social democracy (Mitter-
rand) have substantial influence on African decisions.

But African history:of the colonial period -- increasingly African in its

vision of things -- teaches us that the historic and popular actors on the
Black continent did not always have their eye set on our "blue lines of the

2



BENIN

BENIN-LIBYA JOINT COMMUNIQUE
Cotonou EHUZU in French 6 Dec 82 pp 1, 6

[fext/ The fourth session of the mixed commission of Beninese-
1533 Libyan cooperation was held in Cotonou from 2 to 4 December

The Arab-Libyan delegation was led by Mohamed El Mabruk, secre-
tary of the People's General Committee of Civil Service Workers
of Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

The Beninese delegation was headed by Tiamiou Abjibade, minister
of foreign affairs and cooperation.

The two (2) parties, in order to implement the desire of the two
(2) chiefs of state to improve even more cooperation between the
two countries to make it an exemplary model of economic collabor-
ation between African countries, evaluated joint projects, pin-
pointing problems they were acquainted with and making proposals
in the framework of measures to take to accelerate their rapid

completion.

For that purpose, they have studied the situation of the three
mixed companies and that of projects in progress in the field of
public works, information and culture.

During the session, the head of the Arab Libyan delegation paid
courtesy calls to the minister of public works, construction and
housing, +o the minister of industry, mines and energy, to the
minister of state farms, livestock and fishing and the minister
of labor and social affairs. He attended the inauguration of
the administrative and teaching unit of the Pan-African Center
of Cooperative Training and he visited the SABLI poultry incu-

bator.

Finally the president of the republic gave Mohamed El Mabruk an
audience.

16



TANZANIA

ELCT LANGUAGE, ORIENTATION SCHOOL TEACHES SWAHILI TO FOREIGNERS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Dec 82 p 4
[Article by Lugano Mbwina]

[Text] A foreigner coming to work in Tan-
zania_ without prior ‘knowledge of
“Kiswahili” language, will be caught in
a: big problem of communication
barrier. For some time efforts: have
been made. to ease the problem for
‘such visitors. SHIHATA Staff Writer,
LUGANO MBWINA, .-reports on the
Morogoro-based Lutheran School

which teaches Kiswahili to foreigners.

KISWAHILI is now one of”
the ... world’s .,.reputed
danguages. Its roots rose from ,
East ‘Africa with a special at-
tribution to Tanzania where
the entire population speaks
the language, unlike the
neighbouring Kenya and *
Uganda. .

Tanzania is therefore proud :
Yo see this language-
mushroom to all. corners of
the globe. The government it-
self, and other: private in-
stitutions are playing a
forefront role to ensure: this ©
goal is achieved. if

The first signs of pride in
Kiswahili that many
foreigners find when they
arrive in the country is that
Tanzanians are “reluctant” to
speak foreign languages. This,

on the other hand, is a
notable contribution
towards the develop-
ment of Kiswahili: For
because of this, many of the
foreigners. have accepted to
learn Kiswahili before they
start’their assignment in Tan-
tania. .

Schools have been opened
to teach s
foreigners who volunteer to
take it as a first lesson before
they start their assigned
duties in Tanzania. :

The language and orien-
‘tation
Evangelical Lutheran Church
in Tanzania (ELCT), eight
kilometres from Morogoro,
along Tanzania/Zambia High-
way, is one of these schools. It

isa department of the_

Lutheran Junior Seminary
Secondary Sctiool owned by
the Lutheran Church.

The head of the school,
Simon Bandio, who holds a
Masters. Degree in foreign
languages education from a
United States University told
me recently that the idea of
establishing the -school came
about in the early’ 1960s.
Those were the years when
the spirit of nationalism was
high and encouraged the need
for a common language,
following this country’s in-
dependence.

80

Kiswahili to.

school. at_ the,

, He tiarrates that
it is> at. this. time that
the Lutheran Church found
itself in trouble with its new
arrivals of missionaries per-
sonnel because of com-
munication gap with the
people here. Therefore,
initiating orientation and
Kiswahili courses became the
only solution to cope up with
the situation. .

Orientation course is
provided through lectures,
field trips in the villages,
hospitals and_market places.

Ndugu “Bandio says,
each lesson is’ built
up on common
situations encountered -in
daily life, like exchange of
greetings before beginning a
conversation.

Students are taught how to
introduce themselves — “Jina
langu ni Bwana Edward .
White, kutoka Uingereza,
ninaishi Lutheran Junior
Seminari Morogoro,
ninajifunza Kiswahili.” (My
name is Mr Edward White
from England, I live at the
Lutheran Junior Seminary,
where I am_ learning
Kiswahili).



SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS SAYS NO DATE YET FOR NEW CONSTITUTION
MB080642 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 8 Jan 83

[Text] The minister of constitutional development, Mr Heunis, says that
at this stage it is almost impossible to say when the new constitutional
dispensation for South Africa will be put into effect. He said in Cape
Town that the first step was to hold talks with the leaders of the various
population groups on the details of the new constitution. After that,
draft legislation would be introduced in Parliament and referred to the
committee on constitutional affairs. After the committee had wound up its
work the bill would be reintroduced in Parliament for final approval.

If that could be done this year negotiations could begin with various
parties on matters such as the election of members of the various chambers,
and the delimitation of constituencies.

Referring to the attitude of the Labor Party, that it would work within
the new constitutional framework for black interests, Mr Heunis pointed
out that certain people had advocated a so-called fourth chamber in
Parliament for blacks. He said that presupposed that all blacks would be
content to sit in one chamber, which would amount to a recognition of the
multinational principle. In accordance with that principle, there would
strictly speaking have to be, a thirteen-chamber parliament, which would
be impractical, he said.

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53



TANZANIA

THIRTY RAILROAD CARS TO HAUL ROCK PHOSPHATE ARUSHA TO TANGA

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text]

A tovairstmsorraltwaywayerse
will . be - hauling’ rock
phosphate from the Minjingu «
mine in Arusha to the Tan-
zania Fertilizer Company
(TFC) in Tanga beginning
February, next year to speed
up movement of the raw
materials, it was said in Dar
es Salaam yesterday. —

The Tanzania Railways
Corporation (TRC) General
Manager, Ndugu Tom Mmari,
said in the city> that
modification of 25 wagons at
the corporation’s workshop
would. be completed towards
the end of next month. :

Five wagons. modified by
TRC to ferry the raw
materials are currently plying
»the Arusha-Tanga line but
their haulage capacity is too
small. According to TFC
early this month, only 150
tonnes had been ferried to
Tanga since the Minjingu
mine was inaugurated mid
November.

The company which is the
only one producing fertilizer
in ‘the country suspended
production on’ December 1
because of shortage of rock
phosphate and Sulphate of
Potash (SOP).

cso: 3400/566

TFC Marketing Manager
O.L. Mollel said they could
not resume production with .
the small amount of.
phosphate delivered from
Minjingu adding that they
required stock piles of bet-

ween 5,000 and 6,000 tonnes |

of the raw materials: before
they could switch on the
plant.

Plans are underway to im-
port the phosphate from Jor-
dan but Ndugu Mollel said
letters of credit for the order
were yet to be confirmed.

The Minjingu Phosphate
Company (MPC) which was
inaugurated on November 16,
this year has the capacity to
mine 165,000 tonnes of soft
phosphate ore annually to
yield’ 100,000 tonnes of
phosphate concentrate.

Ndugu -Mmari — indicated
that his corporation was not
fully involved in planning the
transportation -of the raw
material to Tanga but that
they were brought in during
the final stages.

The. general manager said
TRC planned to import
specially made hopper wagons
as a long-term measure to
solve the problem. .

77

He said phosphate haulage
needed special wagons to be
used by MPC alone because
there was no other client
with. similar requirements.
Between 40 and .50 hopper
wagons will be required at
full capacity production. .

Ndugu Mmari said when
the 30 modified wagons are
“feady. arrangements would be ¢
made to employ .a whole
train to haul the Minjingu
phosphate to Tanga.

The Principal. Secretary in
the Ministry of Minerals,
Ndugu Samuel Lwakatare,
said yesterday that the
movement of the raw material
depended wholly on the TRC.

ie said it would be more

expensive to use road tran-

sport and that this would

need a fleet of lorries which

was not available, He also”
pointed to bad roads between

Arusha and Tanga as a fur-

ther hindrance

The phosphate is ferried by
30-tonne trucks from the mine
to a temporary loading rump
at the Arusha railway yard
because a permanent siding is
still under construction.



NATION TO HOST INTERNATIONAL SWAHILI LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT MEETINGS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Dec 82 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/566

TANZANIA will host two
international -conferences on
development. of Kiswahili
sponsored . by “the Swedish
International Development
Authority (SIDA) . through
UNESCO.

The Director of the Institute
of Kiswahili Research, Ndugu C:
W: Temu, said in Dar es Salaam
yesterday «that SIDA had
earmaked about 800,000/- to
assist the institute organise the’

_ conferences.

The first conference scheduled
for next June would be on
standardisation of Kiswahili
terminology and the second to be
held in-June 1984 would be on

pelicy, for dissemination of ;

iswahili books and materials

throughout the — Kiswahili-
speaking area, Ndugu Temu
sai

He ‘said the first conference

would draw linguistic experts’
from the Kiswahili-speaking area
and the second would attract-
policy makers from ministries of
education and culture from the
area.
Participants would come from
Kenya, | Uganda, Rwanda,
Burundi,” ire, © Tanzania
Mainland, the Islesand Comoro.
Obseryers woutd be invited from
Somalia, Zambia. Maiawi,
Mozambique, Sudan, the British
Broadcasting Corporation
Swahili Service and the Voice of
America Swahili service.

83

TANZANIA



SOUTH AFRICA

VILJOEN DEMANDS ZIMBABWE RETURN RSA SOLDIER
ABO70740 Paris AFP in English 0728 GMT 7 Jan 83

[Excerpt] Pretoria, Jan 7 (AFP)--South Africa's army commander, Gen Constand
Viljoen, warned neighboring Zimbabwe Thursday that it risked "further
confrontation" with South Africa if it did not hand back at once a black
South African soldier who Zimbabwe says has fled across the border.

Landlocked Zimbabwe has just begun talks with Pretoria to obtain vital
fuel supplies which have been cut off by persistent sabotage of the pipe-
line running from the Port of Beira through Mozambique to the Zimbabwean
border. The sabotage has been carried out by South African-backed rebels
against the Mozambican government.

South Africa wants to negotiate at ministerial level, thus scoring a
diplomatic coup by obtaining de facto recognition from the Harare government
which broke diplomatic relations with Pretoria at independence in 1980.

The Zimbabweans have so far rejected this request.

General Viljoen, whose warning has been seen by observers as a hint that
there might be no oil deal, said South Africa did not believe the soldier,
Corporal Stephen Mutasa, had refused to return to South Africa when he

was freed last Monday by Zimbabwean authorities after being held for nearly
three weeks. Mr Mutasa was picked up by a Zimbabwean patrol near the South
African border town of Messina on December 13.

General Viljoen said the corporal, whose wife and children are already in
Zimbabwe, had to return to South Africa, where he would be free to resign
from the army. He said it was strange that Mr Mutasa had made a public
confession. He added: "A well-known technique of forcing confessions out
of people in custody is to offer them privileges for themselves or their
families in exchange."

The Beira pipeline was sabotaged again by rebels Wednesday, but the damage
was soon repaired. Pumping, halted since sabotage of a depot in Beira on
December 9, is expected to resume in a few days.

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60



the struggle against the armed gangsters and [words indistinct] in barracks, in
centers for political and military training, military education and establish-
ments, in management and departments and different (?regions). Nineteen eighty three
will be the year that we convene the fourth FRELIMO party congress, a basic

phase in the history of our revolution.

The main contribution of the armed forces to our party's congress must therefore
be the generalization of our actions and our operations with a view to destroying
the armed bandits. Let us therefore consolidate even further our military
traditions, study and production. Let us strengthen our patriotic fervor and
our resolve as soldiers of the revolution by following and honoring the glorious
traditions of the FPLM and of those heroes who died to liberate the fatherland.

In conclusion, we wish a happy and prosperous new year to all our soldiers,
sergeants, officers and generals and their families. On behalf of the
Mozambique Armed Forces, the FPLM, we reiterate the same wishes of happiness

to our beloved and distinguished commander in chief, Field Marshal of the
Republic Samora Moises Machel. We hope that he will continue to lead us in the
same wise and exemplary manner as he has always done.

(?As always), we are sure that victory is certain. Happy new year. Long live
the Mozambique Armed Forces, the FPIM. The struggle continues.

Maputo, 31 December 1982.

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33



TANZANIA

PARTY OFFICIALS URGE CCM LEADERS TO MOBILIZE MASSES FOR UJAMAA

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 1 Jan 83 p 1

[Text]

PARTY. - Secretary-General
Rashidi Kawawa has. urged

CCM leaders to help mobilise_

the masses for communal far-
ming as .a pre-requisite. for
socialist rural transformation
in the country.

Opening a one-day seminar_
for 70 National Executive’
Committee (NEC) members at
the Karimjee Hall in Dar es

Salaam yesterday, Ndugu-

Kawawa_ said. the Party
leadership n
cause of agricultural moder -
nisation.

The 70 NEC membérs start
touring eight regions in the
country ‘to work among the
people and educate them on
the importance of communal
farming.

The Party Secretary
General said although a num-
ber of Ujamaa villages had
established procedures for
carrying out communal work.
their Party ‘leadership and
members ‘needed reminding

cso: 3400/566

just champion the

that agricultural development

~ Was a continuous process.

During the two-week tour,
the NEC members will cover
Mtwara, Lindi, Kilimanjaro,
Arusha, Tanga, Coast, Dar es
Salaam and Morogoro regions
in groups:

Ndugu,-—Kawawa stressed
that efforts should be made to
meet agricultural targets set
by the. Party where villages
are requifed to at least have
100 acres of Ujamaa farms.

He said the Party depended
on top argans in mobilising,
politicising and educating
those at the lower levels so
that they accept fully the
Party policy of Socialism

‘and Self-Reliance.

On_ residential and Party

branches ‘at work places,

Ndugu Kawawa said the
Party leadership must not
flinch on its responsibility to
impress upon the workers that

they are the vanguard of the.

struggle for socialist con-
struction. { :

73

“The. oply' way .to raise
output and efficiency in an en-
terprise is for the Party
branch leaders to work closely
with managements which
should welcome CCM*branch
leaders in their meetings and
vice versa.

The Head of the Party
Secretariat’s Ideology,
Political Education and
training Department, Ndugu
Kingunge ° Ngombale-Mwiru,
told the participants that
when in .the regions they
should mobilise Party mem-
bers to come forward in the
struggle for socialist con-
struction in the country.

The mobilisation cam.
paigns, he said, should make
the Party mgmbers aware that.
the top Party leadership
valued the role played by
Party members in national
economic: rehabilitation
through self-reliance. The
NEC members should also
avail themselves of the op-
portunity to learn from the
Masses. 1} .



MOZAMBIQUE

RNM LEADER GIVES NEW YEAR ADDRESS

MBO40622 (Clandestine) Voice of Free Africa in Portuguese to Mozambique 1700 GMT
1 Jan 83

[New year message from Afonso Dhlakama, president of the Mozambique National
Resistance and commander in chief of the Resistance Armed Forces-~recorded]

[Text] Mozambican sisters and brothers, fellow countrymen, resistance fighters:
Good evening. ‘

Another year has ended. A new year is about to begin. Early in 1982 the Maputo
Communist Government spoke of an early defeat of our forces and promised the

total destruction of the forces for the liberation of the Mozambican people.

In June 1982 Samora Machel himself pledged that the Marxist Leninist troops

would achieve a final victory in September of the same year. Today, 1 January 1983,
I am here to address you. Today it is the first day of a new year, and the
glorious resistance forces continue their struggle, moving forward to final
victory.

Samora Machel and the oppressive Maputo Government have been lying and are still
lying, thus deceiving the Mozambican people and the entire world with false
victories and empty promises. Samora Machel and his communist dictatorship are
continuing their arrests and executions of Mozambicans. Repression has not
ceased. It will not end. Famine and misery grow daily. The criminals who have
imposed themselves by force in order to satisfy their own ambition for power have
brought unhappiness and terror to our country. These criminals feel that their
own defeat is near.

During 1982 we consolidated the Gaza Front and opened the Maputo Province Front

in the south. In 1982 we consolidated the Sofala Front and opened the Tete Front
in the central part of the country. In the same year we opened the Zambezia Front,
and we are now at the doorstep of the Niassa and Nampula Provinces.

In my new year message of 1982, we promised to extend the battlefront and to
inflict heavy losses on the oppressors. We have fulfilled our promises.

Machel has only deceived those who believed in him. The propaganda of the criminal

and oppressive government has accused the resistance of being armed bandits in
the service of the Pretoria racist government. Samora Machel and his allies--

34



Nonetheless, the fact that the main political voice of the coloured people
has spoken out in favour of negotiation rather than flat rejection of the
government's model should be seen as good news for everyone, .whatever side
of the fence he sits on. Yesterday's stand by the Labour Party may even
prove to be a historical turning point for South Africa. It will be if
it helps woo the NP away from what Chief Buthelezi correctly describes as
a history of discrimination in which human rights have been forgotten;
rule of law buried, and people pushed about with total insensitivity.

CSO: 3400/559

49



governor has said--that they are not abroad, they are in Guinea, on the
soil of their own fatherland and they belong to these people just as we
felt at home when we were in Bissau and in Gabou. We felt that we were
still among the Guinean people. [Applause] We greet them and we affirm
our total confidence in them as well as our total solidarity with them in
their struggle for the strengthening of confidence in our people and
strengthening of the basis of democratic and social progress. Between
our two countries, between our two governments, there is total confidence,
and this is why we shall remain united, as we were during the liberation
struggle against the imperialist and colonialist enemies. We shall remain
united in the task of building the welfare of our people. We shall remain
united in the building of Africa, really independent and (?ready) to face
all vicissitudes of life and all negative influences. Once again, we say
"Long live the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, long live African unity, long
live the international cooperation! [Applause] Dear brothers and friend
Nino, you are among family. We will address you as sisters and brothers.
Ready for the revolution: [Applause]

cso: 3419/396

22



SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE CLAIMS 70 PERCENT COLORED BACKING
MB080703 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 8 Jan 83

[Text] The leader of the Labour Party, Rev Allan Hendrickse, says he has
the backing of at least 70 percent of coloreds in his party's decision to
participate in the new constitutional dispensation.

He said in a South African Broadcasting Corporation interview that the
Labor Party would take part in the new setup not only in the interests of
the coloreds but also in the interests of groups not included in the dispen-
sation. He said that the decision to that effect taken by the congress of
the Labor Party at Eshowe earlier this week was the result of open hearted
negotiations with the government, during which a healthy climate was

created for continued cooperation and negotiations. A new relationship
with the coloreds had been established, particularly due to the leadership
of the prime minister, Mr P.W. Botha. Reverend Hendrickse said the
decision of his party gave the coloreds greater hope for the future.

The former deputy leader of the Labor Party, Mr Norman Middleton, has
denied that he is behind moves to form a new political movement to oppose
the party's participation in the government's constitutional dispensation.
He was commenting on reports that breakaway members of the Labor Party
would be convening a meeting later this month with other groups in the
colored community opposed to the constitutional plans of the government.

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52



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON LABOR PARTY VOTE, ROLE OF BLACKS
MB050959 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 5 Jan 83
[Station Commentary: "Black Political Participation"]

[Text] Developments at Eshowe have brought the constitutional situation of
South Africa's black peoples sharply into focus. Speakers at the colored
Labour Party Congress and Chief Gatsha Buthelezi of Kwazulu have questioned
the exclusion of blacks from the constitutional system that is proposed for
the white, colored and Asian communities. Strong language was used. Dis-
regarding that, the issue raised is still the most fundamental one in South
African politics: How is democracy to be advanced in this country of widely
diverse ethnic and racial communities?

Full participation in political decisionmaking is the universally declared
goal for all. Within that consensus there is also general acceptance of
the right of communities to freedom from domination by others. Those
ideals of group self-determination in a democratic dispensation are non-
negotiable. They are the prerequisites for a just and stable political
order.

The complexity of the situation is virtually unique. Indeed, a foremost
authority on constitutional systems in disparate communities, Prof Arend
Luipaard, has noted: In the extreme cases of plural societies, such as
South Africa, the outlook for democracy of any kind is poor. According
to one study conducted over a period of 8 years, ethnic, tribal and racial
differences within states accounted for over 90 percent of all the world's
violent conflicts that had involved governments.

Averting endemic conflict while advancing toward the ideal is the daunting
challenge facing this country. The response to it will necessarily be as
complex and multifaceted as the society itself. Part of it lay in recog-
nizing the existence of the black nations that have a primary allegiance
to their own people, language, culture and political aspirations. Today's
black nation states--of which four are by now completely independent--are
as insistent on their right to be free of outside domination, whether by
white or by black, as any of the other minority groups.

61



Briefs
Official Talks With FRC

GUINEA
Seko Toure Speech for Guinea-Bissau Leader
(Sekou Toure; Conakry Domestic Service, 6 Jan 83)... oe
Guinea-Bissau President's Speech in Boke 6 January
(Joao Bernardo Vieira; Conakry Domestic Service,
7 Jan 83) ecceeececccceesesces eee rere ry
Briefs
Sea Dispute Discussed
LIBERIA
Briefs
Ivorian Border Guards Released
Military Tribunal Chairman Appointed
MADAGASCAR
Agricultural Revolution Needs Detailed
(Guido d'Onofrio; MADAGASCAR-MATIN, 24 Nov 82)...... eeeeee
MOZAMBIQUE
Comments on South African Proposal
(Maputo Radio, 6 Jan 83).....ssseeeeeee er ccccccceee ee ee eee
Defense Ministry Issues Message to Armed Forces
(Maputo Domestic Service, 2 Jan 83).....sseseeeeee Sererey)
RNM Leader Gives New Year Address
(Voice of Free Africa, 1 Jan 83)......+.+.4- .
Briefs
Ethiopian Ties
REUNION
Leftist Victory in Proportional Assembly Vote Discussed
(Editorial; TEMOIGNAGES, 24 Nov 82)....sseeecsseeereeeece
SOUTH AFRICA
Fusion of Two Rightist Splinter Parties Not Excluded
(RAPPORT, 21 Nov 82)...sseeeeeee see e nee eee nenencece sees
-b-

20

21

23

25

26

27

31

32

34

38

39

41



SOUTH AFRICA

FUSION OF TWO RIGHTIST SPLINTER PARTIES NOT EXCLUDED
Johannesburg RAPPORT. in Afrikaans 21 Nov 82 p 4

(€olumnist Willem de Klerk Interviews Leaders of Rightwing Nationalist
Splinter Group Parties/

[Text] The road to coalition between the Conservative Party’ and the Reunited
Nationalist Party is very definitely not. on the agenda.

There is still no unanimity on many matters and Dr Andries Treurnicht is out-
spoken about maintaining the identity of his own Conservative Party.

In interviews with both leaders, it appears that their answers to questions on
basic matters are the same and that there is very little differencerof prin-
ciples in the two policy trends.

However, the Reunited Nationalist Party of Jaap Marais hopes to gain 70 to
80 seats in a political pact if the Conservative Party collaborates with it.

In the course of the detailed questions I posed to Dr A. P. Treurnicht and to
Mr Jaap Marais, these and additional facts came to light, also that the
Conservative Party (according to Jaap Marais) is trying to force an interim
election, although the Conservative Party leader shrugged off this question
as speculation.

Thoughts about a confederation between the republic and the black states are
rejected by both parties and moreover both parties reject a compromise for
South-West Africa.

It is necessary to consider the basic policy trends of all political parties
very calmly, because South Africa has moved into the homestretch of
decision making where there is no longer any talk of turning back.

Stripped of eletioneering propaganda Dr Treurnicht and Mr Marais were given
an opportunity of providing their own replies to the same questions posed to
them. (My comments appear on page 20).

[Question] What is your reaction and definite policy view about the following

timely matters: Economic collaboration with black countries as discussed dur-
ing this past summit deliberations of 11 November in Pretoria?

41



REUNION

LEFTIST VICTORY IN PROPORTIONAL ASSEMBLY VOTE DISCUSSED
Saint Denis TEMOIGNAGES 24 Nov 82 p 2

{Editorial:"A New Illustration of the Solidarity in the Struggle
Between the Forces of Progress in France and Reunion) :

[Text] We know that the program of the president of the republic
included 110 proposals to be realized in 7 years. Among the 110
proposals approved by the French, there is point 58, which sets
up in overseas departments a single assembly elected by propor-
tional representation. The application of this point 58 at the
beginning of the 7 year period can only delight the people of
Reunion.

The law was definitely passed yesterday and the real change will
begin here as in the mother country. It is true it is going to
begin 2 years late, but it is also true the Right is going to be
beaten in the single assembly as well as in the municipal elec-
tions. At that moment then, the real change will'finally be able
to begin in Reunion.

This event will mark the history of Reunion. It is a new illus-
tration of the solidarity in the struggle between the forces of
progress in France and Reunion. Many important dates indicate
this solidarity in our common history. :

It was the first abolition of slavery in 1792 after the great
French Revolution. The decree of the Convention was not applied
here and slavery was maintained, as it was reestablished in the
West Indies by Napoleonic reaction. It was necessary to wait for
the Revolution of 1848, the petition of the workers of Faubourg
Saint Antoine and the Parisian abolitionist intellectuals for a
decree to he issued on 27 April 1848, abolishing slavery in the
French colonies. This decree was applied in Reunion on 20 Decem-

ber 1848.

It was then with the Popular Front in 1936 that the demand for
social legislation took place on a massive scale under the

39



an interview yesterday, Boesak accused the Labor Party of opportunism. He
said he believed the leadership had motives such as position and money

for agreeing to participate. He also said the Labor Party never represented
the colored community. Boesak predicted a united front of opposition from
community organizations, sports bodies and churches. He said many of those
had already rejected the proposals on moral and political grounds. [Text]
[MBO70800 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0700 GMT 7 Jan 83]

BANNED ITEMS--An open letter by the South African Catholic Bishops’
Conference has been declared undesirable. The latest ban list released

in Cape Town today by the directorate of publications does not detail the
contents of the letter. Other banned items include greetings cards featuring
Neil Aggett, Namibia and National Women's Day produced by the Media Art
Ensemble in Botswana. Another banned item is the publication entitled:

What Is Magnus Malan Up To. The publisher of that is unknown. [Text]
[MB071354 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT 7 Jan 83]

BUTHELEZI WARNS INDIANS--South Africans of Indian origin have been warned
against accepting the governments constitutional proposals. The warning
comes from Kwazulu's chief Gatsha Buthelezi. He said Indians should not
follow the Colored Labor Party in what he called its unseemly haste to
accept the government's plans. Buthelezi was speaking to a delegation

from the Reform Party headed by its leader, Y.S. Chinsamy. He says coloreds
have missed a golden opportunity and hopes Indians will not rush into
accepting the proposals. [Text] [MB080908 Umtata Capital Radio in English
0600 GMT 8 Jan 83]

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64



For the Republic of Niger

His Excellency Colonel Seyni Kountche

Chairman of the Supreme Military Council; chief of state
The following also attended as observers

For the Republic of Benin

His Excellency Isidore Amoussou, minister of finance

His Excellency Tiamiou Adjibade, minister of foreign affairs and
cooperation

For the Republic of Togo

His Excellency Tete Teyi-Benissan, minister of finance and
economy

The conference also observed with satisfaction the progress made
in achieving the objectives assigned to the community, in partic—
ular in the field of trade on one hand, and community projects
on the other hand.

The chiefs of state were also pleased with the spirit of soli-
darity which motivates the members of the community, the increas—
ing credibility of our organization, both on the African as well
as international level, which obtains for it substantial support
of the development financing institutions, friendly countries

and international organizations.

They request the secretariat to continue the process of comple-
tion of community projects and integration of markets.

They were eager to congratulate the Council of Ministers, the
secretary general of the community, all their associates as well
as all the experts for the fine work accomplished, which allowed
the community to consolidate its achievements and demonstrate
its ability to meet the commitments of the program started.

The chiefs of state wished to reaffirm their pledge to continue
within the CEAO framework in their current efforts which aim at
meeting the needs of their people, namely in the field of rural
hydraulics, mass transport and human resources for the prudent

development of our potentialities.



in a one-man one-vote franchise in a (negotiable) unitary system. And that
the National Party's reform plans were inadequate in that they excluded
the African majority of the population and they entrench ethnicity. The
labourites are going in to negotiate a better set of constitution plans
than those presently on offer. Mr Botha would be wise to indicate at an
early stage that his mind is not closed on this score.

cs0: 3400/563

51



obviously represented only a restricted proportion of coloureds. The council
died in 1980 and it can be said that the party's popularity has waned since
then.

Instead, in a process which could be highly significant for South Africa,

it is believed that coloureds are no longer bothering with formal political
organisation but express themselves through grassroots community activities.
It is said that coloured anger, in response to the way they have been
booted. around, has reached such a pitch that many, if not most, people
simply will not bother to speak to the government, at least about anything
which falls short of the goal of a fully shared and nonracial society.

If this is anywhere near correct then there is even less comfort for Mr
Botha in the Labour Party's decision.

cso: 3400/559

57



ANGOLA

FAPLA MILITARY ACTIONS IN DECEMBER REPORTED
MB061441 Luanda Domestic. Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 5 Jan 83

[Text] In December the 16th brigade of the glorious People's Armed Forces
for the Liberation of Angola [FAPLA] stationed at Cuito-Cuanavale neutralized
a deep penetration into the north of Cuando Cubango Province by puppet and
mercenary forces mobilized by South Africa. The prompt response from the
glorious FAPLA put the puppet and mercenary forces in the service of Pretoria
to flight, inflicting heavy losses, both human and materiel. The enemy
suffered 300 dead and 57 prisoners, and quantities of war materiel were cap-
tured. The intention of the bands, which are armed by Pretoria to delay the
Angolan revolutionary process, was to gather at Lupire commune, northeast

of Cuando Cubango Province, from where they would carry out criminal activities
against the defenseless population of the country's southern provinces,

Yesterday morning, (Col Antonio dos Santos Franca Ndalu), chief of the general
staff and member of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, went to Cuito-Cuanavale
to encourage the 16th brigade forces, who have distinguished themselves by
neutralizing yet another move by the puppet and mercenary forces mobilized by

South Africa against the People's Republic of Angola. (Colonel Ndalu) met with
the brigade officers, NCO's and soldiers and encouraged them to raise their

combat readiness so that they can drive back [words indistinct].

In December the South African-backed armed bands launched an incursion into Bie
Province causing 35 dead, including four people's defense organization members.
According to information given to ANGOP by the Ministry of State Security, the
armed bands kidnapped three people and burned 74 houses, in addition to plunder-
ing a social services warehouse, during their operation. Also in December a
band kidnapped 50 people from (Chingondo) village, (Camakupa) region, and set
off a bomb which they had placed in a vehicle parked close to a local resident's
house in the suburbs of the city of (Cuito). The vehicle and the house were
destroyed.

A number of FAPLA forces discovered and disassembled a landmine near (Catakua)
village, (Camakupa) Region.

CSO: 3442/97

a



JPRS 82677

19 January 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2750

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Progress of Social Movement in Africa Examined
(J. Coppans, R. Buitenhuijs; POLITIQUE AFRICAINE,

Dec 82). 1
Success of Inter-African Meetings Praised
(Editorial, Auguste Miremont; FRATERNITE MATIN,
21 Dec 82) wwecececscccccccesceens seme eres eneeene seeeeeeee 6
CEAO Final Communique
(FRATERNITE MATIN, 21 Dec 82)....cccccccccccccccecvencvee 8
ANGOLA
FAPLA Military Actions in December Reported
(Luanda Domestic Service, 5 Jan 83).....cceeeeeceees eeeee 11
Soviet Envoy Speaks on Diplomatic Corp Behalf
(Luanda Domestic Service, 3 Jan 83)..cseceeseeee weceeeeee 12
Envoy's Speech
Dos Santos' Reply, by Jose Eduardo dos Santos
Briefs
USSR Trade Declines 15
BENIN
Benin-Libya Joint Communique
(EHUZU, 6 Dec 82).. 16
GABON
Bantu Civilization Center Created in Gabon
(Jean-Eudes Barbier; AFP, 13 Jan 83).....ceeeeececeeees ~ 18

!

-ae- (III -~ NE & A - 120]



MOZAMBIQUE

DEFENSE MINISTRY ISSUES MESSAGE TO ARMED FORCES
EA022016 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0605 GMT 2 Jan 83

[Message from the Ministry of National Defense to the Popular Force for the
Liberation of Mozambique]

[Text] Comrade soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals of the Mozambique
Armed Forces, the Popular Force for the Liberation of Mozambique [FPLM].

Esteemed comrades, we are about to enter a new year, a year which, as things are,
seems to be full of hopes for the implementation of our revolutionary tasks and
the building of our socialist army, a firm bulwark for our defense of our country
of workers and peasants.

The year 1982 is about to end, It is therefore important to make a (2precise)
assessment of our achievements and successes and our shortcomings and difficulties
at the level of the armed forces. We have grown. We have grown but to an
unsatisfactory level, We are engaged in our main task which is to fight the armed
gangs. This allows us to create conditions for securing peace in our country,

the peace that is necessary to enable our people to build their brilliant future
in peace.

We are currently undertaking a process of revitalizing our army. This process
has been guided personally by our commander in chief, Field Marshal of the
Republic Comrade Samora Moises Machel, with the aim of strengthening the organi-
zational capability of our forces, consolidating them and developing their battle
readiness. In short, it is aimed at enabling our army to wage successfully the
struggle to implement the onerous tasks that the people and the party and state
may assign to them.

Comrade soldiers, sergeants, officers and generals. In the year that has just
ended, your organizational work was difficult. However, it is important that
we should do much more so that we shall quickly be able to eliminate the
extension of imperialism, By that I mean the armed gangsters who are recruited,
financed, armed and commanded by the South African racist regime.

It is a fact, as Comrade President Samora Machel, our commander in chief has said,

that 1983 will be the year when we shall have to use everything we have in the
fight. Nineteen eighty three will be the year that we generalize and intensify

32



GOVERNMENT RAISES TAXES EFFECTIVE ONE JANUARY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 1 Jan 83 p 1

{Article by Wence Mushi]

[Text]

THE government has ad-
justed taxes upwards effective
today to ‘offset expected
revenue shortfalls caused by
the persisting poot economic:
performance. :

The Deputy Minister for
Finance, Ndugu Venance >
Ngula said in Dar es Salaam
yesterday that. the measure «

tax on beer, cigarettes, spirits,
soft drinks, petrol and cement
by between: 25 and 500 per
cent effective today. .

He also said that the price
commissioner would an-
nounce price changes
necessitated by the new tax
measures. But this he said

. would mainly touch high in-
come earners.

Starting today, sales tax on a
litre of beer rises from 24/50 to
36/- and that on a_ litre of
Konyagi from 100/- to 150/-. Sales
tax on other spirits has risen from
125/- to. 200/- per litre, he added.

Sales tax on cigarettes has gone
up by 25 per cent. while sales tax
on cement has risen from 25/- to
125/- per tonne for a 50-kilo bag,
sales tax has gone up from 1/25 to
6/25.

Tax. on soft drinks had risen
from 4/25 per litre to 6/80, while
that charged:on cloth hax risen by
25 per cent.

Tax on regular petrol has gone
‘up from 1,550/- to 3,553/20 per

csO: 3400/566

1,000 litres. of the fuel, while that
on, premium‘ type has ‘risen from
1,950/- to: 47551/40 for the: same
amount t 1

Ndugu Ngula, how said

this would affect price the fin
sumer has té-pay by 1/80 per/litre
of premium sand 1/60 per Wire of

regular petrol, 3H

Tax on sugar would be levied
on a percentage basis instead of
specific rate basis which was being
applied:

Under the percentage basis, tax
charged would be 60 per cent of
ex-factory price which would tran-
slate into 2,850/- per tonnes in-
stead of 1,850/- that was being
charged before.

Customs duty has been. raised.
on’ musical: instruments and
souvenirs from 20 to 500 per cent,

while that on, recreation rises from"

6/0. LO. 82

Ndugu Nguis-said plans were

basis of attendance rather tha
use of revenue stamps.

Motor vehicles transfer tax will
now be 15 per cent of the price of
the -vehicle, but not less than
10,000/-, which Ndugu Ngula ex-
plained’ as the minimum for
vehicles of not more than. three
tonnes.

He said motor cycles and bigger
vehicles were not affected by the
new tax.

Motor vehicle registration tax
has been raised from 100/- to
1,000/- for all vehicles, he said,
while driving licences fees will
now be 500/- for three years in-
stead of 100/-. .

, Learners will have to pay a fee
of 2 instead of the former 40/-,
he said. He also said permits for
foreign vehicles will cost 1,000/-
for 90 days instead of 100/- now

74

“<OKinpore agpartire’ service
-charge will now be payable by

‘underway to. charge the tax om the

TANZANIA

being paid for'a 20-day permit.

Road licence fees have been
doubled from the present  250/-
and. 2.500/- to 00/- and_5,000/-,
the Deputy Minister added.

Stamp duty has also been
doubled, and receipts will now
have stamps affixed on them as
was formerly the case. A 100/-
receipts, will bear a.1/-stamp duty
and 500/- one of 10/- using the
“composition” method, he said.
The measure the Deputy
Minister said was to ease the ad-
ministration of revenue collection
on goods and services sold.

Business licence fees will be
charged at between 2,000/- and
20,000/-. depending. on the type of
business being carried out, he
si

everybody at the start of every
flight, and not at the start of a
returntrip as was the case before.
However travellers on transit will
not be affected ‘provided they do
not leave airport premises.

The amount payable will be~
40/- to be collected and remitted
to to the Government by either
airlines or airport authorities,
Ndugu Ngula said.

Fees for customs agency, boats
and other services rendered by the
institution have been raised from
100/- to 5,000/-. .

Ndugu Ngula said the rates
were set back in 1952, and has
since been outlived. by changed
circumstances under: which the
services were rendered. .

He appealed to the people to
contribute fully towards successful
coltection of not only the increase
taxes but all taxes. He also
pledged further improvement on.
tax collection.



GABON

BRIEFS

OFFICIAL TALKS WITH FRG--Martin Bongo, minister of foreign affairs and cooper-
ation, this morning met with the West German ambassador and director for
African affairs in the FRG Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The West German
diplomat delivered to Gabonese Foreign Minister Martin Bongo a message from
his West German counterpart, Dietrich Genscher. He also took the opportunity
to discuss cooperation between Gabon and the FRG with Minister of State
Martin Bongo. The two men reaffirmed the desire of their respective govern-
ments to strengthen bilateral cooperation. It emerged from these talks that
Gabon and the FRG have the same views on African issues, in particular on
partheid in South Africa, on the independence of Namibia and on Chad. On this
last point:the West German diplomat said that the FRG is preparing to reopen
its embassy in Ndjamena which was closed 3 years ago because of the war
situation in that country. He also hoped that Chad would find once again a
comfortable peace based on a reconciliation of all Chadian factions. He

said that the chances of such a reconciliation were greater with Hissein
Habre than in past years. [Text] [AB122048 Libreville Domestic Service in
French 1830 GMT 12 Jan 83]

Cso: 3419/405

20



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



Anderson, today minister of state, are in my government. He was minister
of justice under Smith. And many people were hanged in his time. We
said, now there is a new situation. We forgive all who are ready to
accept the new situation--the reality of the political change--and to
cooperate. Then we also have Mr Norman, who had no political affiliations,
a farmer, who also represents the whites, in our cabinet. This was a
gesture vis-a-vis the whites, which was to show our readiness for inte-
gration. We were not forced to do that."

Latent Threat by South Africa

All calculations which Zimbabwe makes today or has made in the past it can
and never could make without the Republic of South Africa. The increased
ties, links and interdependence are too manifold. As Zimbabwe has no
access to the sea, it is dependent on the ports of other countries—-among
them those of South Africa. South African capital is invested in many
enterprises of Zimbabwe, South African tourists were an important source
of foreign exchange in the past. And not least: South Africa as a mili-
tary power is a latent threat to the country.

Precisely on the day of our talk a press report on the invasion of South
African agents in Zimbabwe reminds us of this danger. Mugabe plainly
states: "South Africa is a hostile country. Hostile, because it pursues
a policy of apartheid, a racist policy. With its acts of aggression and
hostility it wants to prove that our government is unstable, that our
economy does not advance, that we are failures." The black majority
government is thus to be defamed as an unsuitable form of power for this
region. Zimbabwe alone is not strong enough against this enemy. Nor are
Lesotho and Mozambique--both are also constantly exposed to the attacks
of Pretoria. Mugabe therefore supports the union of all progressive
forces of the international community against the racist regime and calls
for political, diplomatic and economic pressure on Pretoria. "Otherwise,"
he states, "South Africa will continue to act as the Israel of the region
and do unto us as Israel does unto the Arab states. We must not allow
that in Africa."

cso: 3420/4 END

89



demonstrate a willingness to pay for cultural facilities such as theaters,
then the whites will be able to make financial contributions to that end.
However, the idea that the whites have the obligation of sharing their
facilities if the nonwhites do not’ have equal ones, is wrong.

[Question] What are your views with regard to the policy on South-West
Africa?

Treurnicht: The government's policy with respect to the republic and South-
West Africa is contradictory. Up until February of this year, the republic
rejected a federation or a unitary state for the various peoples there; how=
ever, this type of thing is being advocated in South-West Africa in such a
manner that the chance for self-determination for the whites disappears into
oblivion. The Conservative Party will support measures aimed at self-
determination for the various’ ethnic groups on a regional basis and there-
fore this also applies to the whites.

Marais: On 16 October 1966 RAPPORT's predecessor; the Sutiday DIE BEELD,
stated that in the event that the United Nations insisted on taking South-
West Africa away from us "then we would fight back with everything we have.
It is our land and our life that these people want to grab." This is how
that front-page article read. This is the correct viewpoint held by the
Reunited Nationalist Party. South-West Africa shares South Africa's
sovereignty. That is why South Africa's flag waves over Windhoek and

that is why South Africa's forces are fighting in South-West Africa.

The terrorists' onslaught against South-West Africa, led by communism, is
calculated to rip open South Africa’s western flank for the greater military
attack on South Africa itself. Therefore negotiations with SWAPO through
the intermediary of the United Nations and the idea of a one-man, one-vote
election, in accordance with UN Resolution 435, must be dropped. By with-
holding any help to countries housing terrorists, closing its borders and
destroying terrorist bases, South Africa must restore peace in southern
Africa and allow South-West Africa to develop in accordance: with the policy
of the Nationalist Party before the above-mentioned view was abandoned.

fQuestioa7 What are the chances that your policy positions will be accepted
by South Africa's whites,”.the other population groups and the Western
powers?

fTreurnicht: White voters have repeatedly accepted separate development,
white government over the whites and self-government for the other peoples
andi.they have rejected power-sharing and multiracial government. If they are
not brainwashed by the ostentations indoctrination by the press, radio and
TV.«.the tools of the Nationalist. Party, they will still choose separate
freedoms over multiracial government.

Our viewpoint is correct in principle; it is just; it is the guarantee for
every people's own freedom and it” offers an ideal for which everybody can work
with zeal, for the objective of forestalling domination or a disastrous
struggle for power.

44



go into some detail about this last production factor in order ‘to clarify the
concept of soil fertility, for those not acquainted with the subject.

In keeping with the laws of Aristotelian physics, economists since Ricardo have
tended to consider fertility as natural and imperishable, a property inherent
in the soil. But progress in chemistry and agronomy since Liebig have brought
that concept into question, a concept that. unfortunately still remains valid
for those not: knowledgeable about the land.

Let us now come back to the concept of fertility.

In an ecosystem in which man does not intervene, plant life is limited by only
two factors: water and mineral elements. The latter, taken up by the plant,
return to the soil through the litter which turns into humus. This in turn
frees the mineral elements that nourish plants and a natural balance is estab-
lished.

Man upsets this balance by creating a new ecosystem: farming. Most of the
crops are not recycled, but leave the soil, along with elements that fertilize
the soil. There is consequently a transfer of fertility. Urbanization in-
creases such transfers. If the elements are not put back, fertility is re-
duced. Productive agriculture can be compared with mining, with the plant
being both the means of extraction and the ore extracted. Yield can only drop
if the mine is allowed to become exhausted. Naturally, vegetation will always
find some minerals in the soil in order to continue its cycle, but if that
quantity is low, yield is also low. If the soil is rich (fertile), yield will
also be high.

When one enriches the soil artificially, either through the addition of large
quantities of manure or of mineral fertilizers, yields go up (see photos [not
reproduced]). In all cases of grain crops, the amount of grain produced per
unit of fertilizer put ‘into the soil (N, P or K) is on the order of 10 kilo-
grams. When conditions are favorable and no other factor limits yield, pro-
ductivity can be high.

In Madagascar, the food situation (rice) is as follows:

In 1980; there was a population of 9 million, the area planted in rice was
1,180,000 hectares and production totaled 2,160,000 tons of paddy, or a yield
of 1.83 tons per hectare, making it possible to provide 240 kilograms of paddy
per person per year.

In 20 years -- that is, by the year 2000 -- if population growth remains at
the exponential rate of 2.8 percent a year, which corresponds to a doubling in
25 years, the population will be: 9 X (1.028) 20: 15.6 million inhabitants,
or an additional 6.6 million Malagasy (the equivalent of the Malagasy popula-
tion in 1965), an increase of 73 percent.

In order to assure every Malagasy citizen of 240 kilograms of paddy a year,

73 percent more paddy must be produced, a total of 3.74 tons of paddy, or an
additional 1.58 tons of paddy.

28



Uganda. Recently, the Tanzanian Government was involved. in an attempted

coup d'etat in Kenya. In Mozambique, Julius Nyerere wants to keep his servant

in power. Julius Nyerere has always eagerly desired to become the chief of an
east African federation, and Mozambique is part of his ambitious plans. The
Tanzanian people would then see their standard of living improved at the expense
of the exploitation of their neighboring states. Despite this foreign aggression,
the Mozambican people under ‘the leadership of the resistance remain firm in

their determination to be free and independent.

In the year that has just ended, FRELIMO propaganda tried to create the impression
that certain conditions had been created with the aim of improving the situation
in the country. The relationship with the Portuguese Government, the new relations
with the churches, the release of former members of the special group of PIDE
[Police for the Control of Foreigners and Defense of the State] and other members
of colonial organizations, have been described by the Maputo Communist Government
as important changes within the system. That such a farce has come about only
after the people had rebelled is only too evident. Nobody has yet forgotten

that it was Samora Machel who said that religion serves to deceive the people.

It is only since the revolt of the Mozambican people that Samora Machel changed
his attitude and that ‘he is now ready to come to an agreement with the churches.
These changes are victories for the resistance, and they can only be safeguarded
with the total defeat of FRELIMO. The Mozambican people reject such favors from
FRELIMO. The Mozambican people demand respect for their rights, and if the

Maputo Communist Government has not respected these rights from the very beginning,
then it will not respect them once it feels safe in power.

Every communist government, as is the one in Maputo, as a matter of course is the
sole master of its citizens" lives.

The politics of moderation is only a temporary tactic. If we do not fight for our
rights, FRELIMO will continue to murder people without trial in the forests, as
they have done with Joana Simeao, Uria Simango, Paulo Gumane, Father Mateus Gwengere
and many others. It is necessary for us to be deceived by FRELIMO propaganda after
we have experienced the abuses, barbarities and crimes that have been committed

and continue to be committed. The struggle continues, and it will continue until
the defeat of the oppressive Maputo Government. We struggle from Rovuma to

Maputo against FRELIMO and its allies. The Mozambican people are more aware than
ever of their strength and the strength of their rights.

In 1983 we will step up our offensive by opening new fronts. Our political and
diplomatic offensive has already started. Our final victory is near.

In 1984 we will not be ruled by a thief who stole a bag of sugar in Komgwa and who
is manipulated by agents recruited by Soviet imperialism, as is the case of
Marcelino dos Santos, Oscar Monteiro, Jorge Rebelo and Sergio Vieira. In

1984 we will have a government of Mozambicans, for Mozambicans and for Mozambique.
This is the reason of our struggle, and because we trust the Mozambican people we
are certain of our victory.

Mozambican sisters and brothers, good night.

cso: 3442/97 37



In the conversation we are now touching successively on things which actually
had to be done simultaneously: repairing war damage, building houses,
providing homes for the refugees, allotting pieces of land to people who

had no basis of existence, changing the country, changing people.

Changing people--what does this imply? The prime minister explains it,
citing an example. The peasants were the main class in the liberation
struggle. They had supported him more than the townspeople. An intensifi-
cation of the city guerrilla struggle had not yet been achieved. "But this
does not mean a thing because peasant remains a peasant." Mugabe is a
teacher and the interview almost turns into a lecture on the role of the
classes in society, in any case about the role of the workers class whose
numbers it is desirable to increase. Qualitative changes should be achieved
among the workers, just as they should be achieved among the peasants

by means of. forming cooperatives. Mugabe refers to beginnings such as

the organizing of workers committees among the workers and trends toward

a co-determination in the economy which, in the long run, shall enable

the workers themselves to manage enterprises, enterprises that belong to
them.

More State Influence on the Economy

Thus we come to the topic of economic changes. The state, Mugabe explains,
already possesses a certain power over industry. In the interest of
strengthening this power it will both participate in private enterprises
and set up enterprises itself. The participation will total at least

40 percent. For a model. he names the Rhobank Enterprise, the present
Zimbank, where the government now holds 60 percent of the shares and is
presently about to acquire additional shares so that it will hold more than
80 percent. The remaining shares will be taken over later. Similar
projects exist for mining. "This is theroad through which we shall reduce
control by the white minority and private property."

Takeover by various stages is the concept for the many enterprises in the
country which are controlled by multinational concerns. Mugabe only lists
the most important ones--the Anglo-American-Corporation, ONROH, and Rio
Tinto. The 3-year plan, whose second part is to be published in late
January, will contain more detailed data in this respect. But the prime
minister makes it clear that this only is a first plan and that foreign
control will not yet be overcome when it is implemented. But foreign
control can be neutralized, he says.

What this should be understood to mean he explains with the example of
foreign investments which had been sought by his government. The state
stipulates the conditions for these. It decides on the basis of its
requirements whether and to what extent it will participate in such invest-—
ments. In this way, Mugabe stresses, the private sector is regulated,
controlled and harnessed to the national objectives for the period in
which the private economy cannot be taken over.

87



GUINEA

GUINEA-BISSAU PRESIDENT'S SPEECH IN BOKE 6 JANUARY
AB072108 Conakry Domestic Service in French 2200 GMT 7 Jan 83

[Speech by Guinea-Bissau President Joao Bernardo Vieira's on 6 January at
a civic reception hosted in Boke by Guinean President Ahmed Sekou Toure--
recorded, in Portuguese interspersed with French translation]

[Excerpts] Comrade President Ahmed Sekou Toure, secretary general of the
Guinean Democratic Party [PDG] and supreme leader of the Guinean revolution,
comrade members of the Political Bureau of the PDG, citizens of Boke region:
We are very pleased to be here again today on this soil of Boke after being
away for 8 years, 8 years during which we were separated physically. But
during the 8 years, we have remained spiritually united in the same objec-
tives and in the same common struggle for the progress and happiness of our
people. Once again, we would like to thank the revolutionary Guinean
people, their beloved leader, President Ahmed Sekou Toure, and their van-
guard party, the PDC, for all they have done for Africa and for Guinea-
Bissau.

We are very well aware of the pressure exerted on the Guinean people and
their party culminating in the attack on the capital city in order to
destroy the Guinean revolution and to destroy the revolution in Guinea-
Bissau. As President Ahmed Sekou Toure said earlier, the imperalists were
once again mistaken. For they have made several attempts without success
and they will never be successful. [Applause] This is why, when we watch
the progress made by the brotherly Guinean people, we feel greater comfort
than ever, We feel we are not alone. We feel that we are under protection.
We feel that we are bound together with brotherly people. We therefore

pay tribute to their leaders who right from the start understood that Guinea's
revolution would never feel free until Guinea-Bissau had freed itself.

As President Sekou Toure said earlier, Guinea could not feel free until
other people have been freed. We are independent now. We must therefore
maintain cooperation, friendship, and brotherhood on the basis of our
historic bonds beyond our past Portuguese and French colonization.

We had many internal problems inside our party. This is why on 14 November

we had to put an end to all irregularities and injustices which were pre-
vailing. We want to be well understood here. Because, as T have said and

23



In the further course of the interview Mugabe reports about projects for the
backward rural areas of Zimbabwe. Roads, bridges, dams and irrigation
systems will be built, schools and hospitals will be erected and small
industries will be established. Further increases in the wages of people
receiving the lowest wages are also being considered in the summer of 1983.

All this costs money. Where do the means come from? The prime minister
points to foreign aid, including loans from the International Monetary
Fund. But first and foremost he underscores the economic progress of
Zimbabwe in the past 2 years. It is with pride that he lists the growth
rates of some 14 percent (1980), eight percent (1981) and some six percent
(1982).

The positive balance sheet also applies to agriculture.

Despite the drought in the past year more maize was produced than in the
past. There has just been a record harvest again. Concerning wheat
Zimbabwe was able to become independent of imports in 1981. Also the
development of stock farming is promising. Even meat exports are possible.
"When Smith says we have not managed well--what does he mean? He means
that, in contrast to his old hopes, we are successful and also politically
our position is consolidated. But he does not at all want to see that."

Smith, the head of the former white minority regime in southern Rhodesia,
is the key word for me to put the question concerning the Lancaster agree-
ment. This agreement was concluded in December 1979 at Lancaster house in
London between Great Britain, the government of Muzorewa, which emerged
from mock elections, Smith as representative of the white minority and the
liberation movements of Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and
Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU). The agreement settled the frame-
work for Zimbabwe's independence, from the ceasefire through elections to
the constitution of a future independent republic. Already as it was signed
it was clear that some of the passages thought out by the former colonial
power would not exactly make life easy for Zimbabwe. Has this suspicion
become true? The prime minister nods, He mentions as an example the
stipulation that certain changes of the constitution can only be made with
100 percent of the votes in the Parliament, thus also with that of Smith.
"Nowhere else is there such a constitution," Mugabe states not without
bitterness. He then lists the stipulation that land can be appropriated
in principle only in exchange for payment-~a de facto ban on land reform,
And finally the composition of the Parliament for which a white representa-
tion of 20 members is laid down. The prime minister opposes this clause
which arises from the principle of race segregation and not from its inte-
gration. Here he stresses that he is not against white deputies. "We
cannot think of a purely black Parliament with a quarter of a million of
white citizens." ,

That his party is serious about that he proved when forming the cabinet.
"People who yesterday were with Smith and fought against us, like Chris

88



Let us consider it: 626 billion dollars in debt; "severe malnu-
trition" for 22 of our countries; the death of 20 million chil-
dren in 1981 and 40,000 every day in 1982; the alarming drop
(15 percent in the seventies, much more for the eighties) in
food production; a critical situation for 5 million African
refugees; wars, fratricidal and power struggles, apartheid etc.

Facing this overwhelming picture, the credit adjustments of the
industrialized nations, blackmailing for aid, the liquidation
of our states by the pursuit of a murderous speculation, thanks
to the maintenance of a free exchange system favoring the stron
gest, why not then count on ourselves to create the conditions
for genuine prosperity in our countries? And for that, reflec-
tion and consultation combined with action were and still are
more than necessary. :

We can be proud of belonging to these subregional organizations
which are working in this direction, without fanfare.

As we can also be proud, we Ivorians, of the respect shown our
"ola stalwart" by his peers and the friendliness and affection
with which they overwhelmed him and the homage to his wisdon,
his political genius, his clearsightedness and the "moral
authority" which he exercises.

Are these festivals of African friendship and solidarity? Yes,
and Yamoussoukro could only serve for that, when one knows the
almost sacred affection which Africans feel for the birthplace
of President Houphouet-Boigny this "veteran leader in the strug-
gle for genuine progress."

"Yamoussoukro, long live hope!" wrote the CEAO secretary general.
The hope--which Yamoussoukro has not betrayed--for the 30 mil-
lion human beings who make up the West African Economic Com-
munity. The hope that the “Spirit of Yamoussoukro," this spirit
of tolerance for more understanding and effectiveness, which
presides over the good operation of the organizations of our
subregion, may spread over all of Africa and inspire its actions.

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That said, it must be added that what happened in Eshowe this week was
only a first step. The delight Mr Botha and Mr Heunis must feel over
the Labour Party's decision to comé in from the cold and give some credi-
bility to a multi-racial .parliament must be qualified by the knowledge
that it is now up to the government to make that decision worthwhile.

Mr Hendrickse and his supporters have not given the government a blank
cheque. What they have done is invest a great deal of their own credi-
pility in the hope that they can at last exploit the system (like Chief
Buthelezi himself?) to negotiate a better deal.

This means that they must be able to use their presence in parliament to
achieve meaningful advances in coloured housing and education, to put the
hated group areas act on the agenda and know that their views will not be
dismissed out of hand and, finally, to use their bargaining position to
persuade Mr Botha that truereformmust offer political participation to
all this country's citizens.

The tentative flowering of constructive politics has brought a gleam of
hope to the first days of 1983. But moderation must be rewarded with some
solid gains if that hope is to survive and flourish.

CSO: 3400/563

59



TANZANIA

MINISTRY SAYS 1983 ECONOMIC SITUATION TO REMAIN BLEAK
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 2 Jan 83 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE economic situation will
this year continue to remain
difficult due to ‘continued
poor domestic production,
the Ministry of Planning and
Economic Affairs has said.

Reviewing the state of the
economy, the Minstry,
however, observed that
Agricultural situation was
more promising due to good
weather. Nevertheless it urged
peasants to take advantage of
the situation to ensure in-
creased crop cultivation.

The ministry forecast that
economic growth for the just-
ended year was expected to
remain at the 1981. level,
which was a negative 3.6 per
cent. OT

It said foreign exchange
fonstraints would remain bin-
ding due to the expected level
of exports and prices ob-
taining on the world market.

The ministry observed that
efforts to mobilise additional
foreign exchange would have
to continue. It also said the
newly instituted Structural
Adjustment Programme
(SAP) would have to be more
vigorously pursued especially
to increase domestic produc-
tion.

3400/566

On sectoral performance,
the ministry said so far there
was improvement in the
agricultural sector because of
favourable weather. ‘‘In
several areas in the country
people are consuming more of
their home-grown foodstuffs”.

The Ministry said, however,
that performance in menufac-
turing and transport con-
tinued to deteriorate due to
shortage of raw materials and
spare parts.

“In fact several factories
had to be closed down as a
result: of lack of foreign ex-
change for importation of
basic inputs”, it said.

There was also rapid in-
crease in domestic price level
translating in higher in-
flation. The consumer price
index rose by 33.8 per cent
during the third’quarter of
last year compared to 25.6 per
cent in 1981.

The ministry also said ‘that
continued iow production
caused difficulties to govern-
ment revenues. The govern-
ment raised taxes on Friday
to offset revenue shortfalls
caused by the poor situation.



We must do whatever is just and reasonable. Our norm is not based on the
demands of Western liberalism or of those so-called friends who demand our
political abdication under the flag of "sympathy." The coming into inde-
pendence of four black states, moreover, has not yet been accepted or recog-
nized by any of the Western nations, Yet we have certainly done that despite
Western disparagement.

Marais: The growth of the Reunited Nationalist Party in extremely difficult
circumstances and the split which took place in the Nationalist Party this
year represent confirmation of the growing realization:.among white voters
that the Reunited Nationalist Party was right from the start. No policy, not
even that of the Progressive Federal Party, is acceptable to mst non—
whites. Every party which aims at its policy will have to yield until the
political power of the whites is broken. Western powers want a black
majority government in South Africa as Dr Henry’ Kissinger and others have
already repeatedly stated, and as Britain and the United States have demon-
strated in the case of South-West Africa. The test is not whether a certain
policy will appease the opponents, but whether it is fundamentally accountable,
historically correct, politically sensible and in the nation’s interest with
an eye to the future.

(Question/ Can your policy be carried out in the framework. of South Africa's
realities?

Treurnicht: Yes; but then you are not to put this question to integration—
ists, unimaginable people, power sharers and proponents of multiracial
government. You must ask this question of people who realize that for full
self-determination there is no choice other than having one's own government
over one's own people and one’s own jurisdiction.

Marais: Yes, separate development was about to succeed at the time that

Dr Verwoerd was conducting it with a purpose. The greatest reality in.:South
Africa is the existence of profound racial differences and historical facts
which must not be undervalued. Knowing this, we derived the principles which
our nation has followed from the start, the principles of development and
order for all of South Africa.

(Question7 Is your concept of separate development such that you would, for
example, approve of the case of the school principal who had to write exam—
inations in the kitchen, apart from the whites?

Treurnicht: If the University of South Africa were to stop exercising the
enforcement of having everybody write examination in one room then you could
easily have members of various communities write them in various appropriate
rooms (without having to use a kitchen) without friction and without offend-
ing anybody.

Marais: There can always be cases of exceptions treated as exceptions to the

rule, but this must remain the exception to the rule, but the exception must
not bécome the rule.

45



[Question] Are you going to attempt to force an interim election?
Treurnicht: This is a matter of individual conjecture. _

Marais: This is an objective of the Conservative Party, but our two
patties have not yet discussed it.

(Question) Will the greater majority of the members of your parties support
such a collaboration?

Treyrnicht: As I see it the greater’ majority will support collaboration, but
want’to preserve party identity.

Marais: A fusion will not be considered ‘until’ there is successful collabor—
ation and greater unanimity; then it will probably be supported by the
greater majority.

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47



The conference wanted finally to express its gratitude and
warmly congratulate Abdou Diouf, president of the Republic of
Senegal, who has rendered outstanding service to the community
as acting CEAO president.

The conference decided to entrust the acting presidency for the
period 1982~1983 to His Excellency Colonel Seyni Kountche,
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council, chief of state, Repub-
lic of Niger. :

The ninth conference of chiefs of state will be held in Niamey
in October 1983.

The chiefs of state thank particularly all the friendly coun-
tries, the international organizations and the institutions
financing development for their. substantial and crucial contri-
bution to the technical and financial implementation of commu-
nity projects. :

At the end of their proceedings, the chiefs of state of the
Republic of Upper Volta, the Republic of Mali, the Islamic
Republic of Mauritania, the Republic of Niger and the Republic
of Senegal thank their senior member, President Felix Houphouet-
Boigny, the government and the Ivorian people for the spontan-
eous and enthusiastic welcome, the fraternal warmth and the
atmosphere of friendship which they have enjoyed during their
stay in Yamoussoukro.

Issued in Yamoussoukro, 20 December 1982.

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