Moreover, Sudan also suffers from the consequences of the conflicts
stirred by the Soviets in the Horn of Africa. This is why Sudanese
President Ja'far Numayri, a man who was a strong revolutionary supporter
of the Soviets when he assumed power in 1969, is now opposed to Soviet
expansion in the Horn of Africa because this expansion poses a threat to
his country which still has strong elements of the banned Sudanese
Communists Party, which is supported by Moscow.

As for Ethiopia itself, there are the Ansar and Beja and other dissidents
in the southern Nile provinces who are trying to topple the elected
government [presumably of Sudan]. Numayri feels that he is caught
between two enemies: Marxist Ethiopia, which. is the traditional enemy,
and Libya, which is being exploited by the Soviets through the naivete

of Colonel al~Qadhdhafi.

The Soviet Union established a major naval base in Berbera, Somalia,

in the 1970's. The Soviets were evicted when they shifted their support
[to Ethiopia] in the Ogaden war. -The friendship treaty between the
Soviets and Somalia was then abrogated.

There is currently a major naval base in Dahlak Archipelago and Mitsiwa
Port. Soviet and Cuban troops under the command of the Soviet military
center in Ethiopia are also found in all parts of the country. Some
are stationed near Addis Ababa at present to protect the regime of
Mengistu Haile-Mariam from coup attempts. When Mariam completes his
role in serving the Soviet objectives, and this is something that will
come about sooner or later, the Soviets will support a Soviet-inspired
coup.

The Soviet Union's immediate tactical objectives in the Horn of Africa are:

- Establishing a secure zone of military bases for the main units in the
Soviet-Cuban force.

~ Controling the air and sea corridors in the southern part of the Red
Sea, Mossawa, Bab el Mandeb and the Gulf of Aden.

- Subjecting the international oil lanes in the Middle East, the Arab
Peninsula and the western extremities of the Indian Ocean and the Arab
Sea to the reach of the Soviet striking force.

- Establishing a balance with the Western naval force in the Indian
Ocean.

Network of Soviet Treaties
Ethiopia is tied to the Soviet Union by the 1978 friendship and coopera-

tion treaty. Moreover, Ethiopia concluded 2 years ago, under the
auspices of Moscow, a trilateral treaty with Libya and South Yemen

57



Boesak: I was very surprised. I was excited. I think that this visit is

a victory whose results will be seen in short-range and long-range terms.

Our people, with whom I discussed the invitation after it. came, were quite
excited. I think that this is an important visit and that, diplomatically
speaking, we once again took the initiative. We are a step ahead of the

South African. government. It is important for South Africa to make sure

that this visit will lead to concrete steps in worldwide terms and that

these correct steps be taken almost in accord with the Frontline States. Those
States are in the process of playing a yery important role in all this. The
Frontline States are no longer a monopoly of the South African government.

The visit to Mozambique broke that monopoly. We now have the right to say that
we are here, we talk to various persons, and this is our message to the people.
This is their message to us, And, diplomatically and politically speaking,
this is an important moment. It will make them very angry but that is not

bad. We are ahead at this moment, I think.

5058
cso: 3442/210 END

121



It will be recalled that the last meeting of the Consultative Council of the
Secretariat of State for Cooperation, held in Lubango, approved a series of
measures designed to reduce the financial burden imposed by the foreign labor
force. It further recommended that an actual survey of cooperative work be
carried out and that strict criteria for the contracting of foreign techni-
cians be established on the basis of an annual plan of needs. That this
should be allowed only for skilled labor posts, for which there is no job
description in the country, was among the other recommendations approved at
this meeting.

5157
CSO: = 3442/238

23



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not know who in the UDF would say that, As far as I am concerned, a national
campaign is a way to. get inyolyed in such things which are: important on the
base leyel and: which are then raised to the national level, Regardless of the
population groups inyolved, both in the small towns and in the rural areas,
the idea is to give national attention to basic issues on which we can combine
all of our efforts in search for a specific question. You do one thing at one
time and another thing at another time and“sometimes there is a combination of
things. But at any point, when a national campaign is not rooted in the
objectives that are important to the people on the base level, you lose your
objective.

Question: Does the UDF have a strong bond with the people in the rural areas?
Boesak: This is one of the strongest points of the UDF.
Question: Is this bond stronger than what it was in the 1950's or 1960's?

Boesak: That is very difficult to say. I was not a member of the movement
in the 1950's or the 1960's but I do know that there was a mass movement in
the 1950's and 1960's. TI can only say what other persons say and that is
that the UDF built much and built very strongly on the entire tradition
that went before. The struggle of the UDF did not come out of a clear sky.
When the UDF came on the scene, it based itself on the struggle which had
developed over a long. time. It is only a question of asking ourselves what
the different dynamics are today and to try to understand and fight within
these dynamics. That is the important thing.

("Tribalism contimesto be a difficult factor because we have to dismantle not
only apartheid but we must also dismantle the tribalism structure created by
apartheid. This is why, if we gain the struggle against apartheid, we still
have to take this fact into account.")

Question: In terms of strategy, what truly are the major differences between
the UDF and the labor unions that are not affiliated in the UDF?

Boesak: That is difficult to answer. I think that the UDF consists of dif-
ferent organizations, with their own different agendas and what we are saying
is that it is possible to synchronize.what we believe to be important. Here
is what we are asking ourselves: is it true that the different organizations
are fighting for things that are so very much different? Will they want a
different stratégy for each simple objective? We have arrived at the con-
clusion to the effect that the answer is: no.

What we say to these people is that they should continue to do what they are
doing in their own organizations; the only thing is that there are certain
higher objectives that can be attained on the road of unity that has been
demonstrated to be ever stronger at each moment. And this is what is now
happening.

I can understand what the labor unions said with relation to the 1970's,

17



moderate their haughtiness and sometimes their arrogance in conyersations
with Portugal. . . .

But reality does not make it possible to satisfy wishes. The domestic war
in Mozambique is today the reagon that explains the bilateral problems.

The Incomati Accord avoided the internal character which the conflict with
RENAMO had already at that time.

At Incomati there was the illusion of wanting to resolve an internal war
merely by making peace with a neighbor who supported RENAMO. Basically,
those involved followedthe same road that had been traveled by the Angolan
government which turned foreign policy into the key issue of the domestic
conflict. The war continues in Mozambique, as it does in Angola. So long as
there is no peace, relations with Portugal will inevitably be affected.

5058
cso: 3442/211

66



The meeting also ordered.that criminal proceedings be started against those
implicated in the cage involying the diversion of products and the embezzlement
of cooperative funds.as well as those accused of the practice of sexual
corruption, engaging in loye affairs, and ‘profiteering.

The Opportunists

The behavior of some of the partners, who exploited the disorder created in
the cooperative, to steal yarious items, was denounced throughout the meeting.

Here is a brief list of all of the known wrongdoers.

Partner no 1571 purchased a billing statement pad identical to the one used
in his cooperative for the purpose of diverting products and recorded the
products he needed at home:

Mafalda Jose Mutombene, partner no 1593, stole the membership card of member
no 560 in order.to get. articles from the cooperative without authorization
and he managed to buy a garment with that card.

Called to account for his acts, he confessed that the card belonged to one of
the sisters who was an official at the Health Department ~- but that was not
true.

Partner 2244 managed to obtain two cards with which he purchased two items
of the same article.

Partner 1800 very recently diverted 4 liters of vegetable oil and two bars of
soap.

Some staff workers are inyolved in these cases also because they did not record
the products that were acquired by certain members.

5058
CsO: 3442/224

77



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

FORMER FNLA-COMIRA MEMBERS SURRENDER FOR REINTEGRATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Mar 85 p 3
[Article by Ezequiel Francisco: "New Horizons Open Up in Uige"]

[Text] For several months now an atmosphere of enthusiasm, euphoria and joy
has prevailed in the province of Uige. The cause is not a minor one. About
1,500 former members of the FNLA-COMIRA have laid down their weapons and sur-
rendered voluntarily to the local authorities.

The former central Kuilo-Kuango base of the now defunct FNLA-COMIRA, located
in the municipality of Kimbele, about 300 kilometers from the city of Uige,
served for 8 or 9 years as a refuge for hundreds of our compatriots who were
deceived by the tribalist, regionalist and fallacious policy of the puppets
of imperialism in Angola.

Under precarious conditions, 90,000 people including women, children and old
people lived at that so-called base lacking proper food, clothing and educa-
tion--in short, lacking the necessities for a healthy life.

Clemency Policy Triumphs

Today, thanks to the clemency of the MPLA-Labor Party and the government of
the People's Republic of Angola, our compatriots who were "on the other side”
in the past can share the fruits of national independence, alongside the
people of Angola from Cabinda to Cunene.

This action by our compatriots who until a few months ago were removed from
the great Angolan family, from the new society which is being built in the
country, won the applause and support of all the nation, because the admis-—
sion of the error committed reflects the real desire to participate in the
tasks of national reconstruction.

And thus those returning from the jungle have the same rights and duties and
the same opportunities in the country. There is no discrimination at all,
either tribal or racial. Hostilities ended as of the day they put down their
weapons.

13



According to Abdala Hassane, director of the cooperative sector in the green
zones, with the distribution of these essential items, the members' participa-
tion in the farm work increased substantially.

According to the same source, the income from the sale of these goods is deposited
in the account of the Union of Cooperatives, to take care of certain problems

and needs of the Nhartanda development project, such as the acquisition of
irrigation pipes and the repair of motor pumps.

There are currently four cooperatives in the ereen zones of the city of Tete,
one of which is in the Dengue District, about 7 kilometers outside the city,
and the others are in the Nhartanda valley.

Active Projects

According to Abdala Hassane, there are plans to open two nurseries at the end
of April, one in the Nhartanda valley and the other in Dengue District.

Construction of these small child centers will enable the mothers in the coopera-
tive to carry on their usual production work without concern for their children,
The nurseries are being built by Construtora Integral de Tete and they are
already under construction.

The same source reported that, in the same period, two mills will also be

installed, to attend to the needs of the cooperative members and the general
public,

6362
CSO: 3442/232

Te



10th literacy phase in the various units stationed here was analyzed, and also
the prospects for the new methods of work for 1985, the year dedicated to the
2nd Party Congress, were discussed.

Capt Semba Pedro (Bungalou), deputy party commission coordinator of the
political office for the First Region, inaugurated the opening session. On
that occasion, he appealed to those present to make their work more dynamic,
because literacy is synonymous with peace and progress.

All of the literacy workers must devote greater attention to the figures,
because they are a basic element in modern life, and only through them can we
control and report on the work done and remaining to be done, Captain Bungalou
also stated.

The political commissars of the various units stationed here and literacy
workers representing the provincial literacy and education center, as well as
guests, participated in this fourth methodological meeting on literacy and
education for the literacy and education workers of the armed forces in the
First Region, as we reported on Wednesday.

Major Bravo, the deputy commander of the troops in the First Region, other

officers and workers in the regional command also participated in the
inaugural ceremony.

5157
CSO: 3442/215

30



It must be emphasized that supplies for the local population have been hampered
by some opportunist merchants who divert products to the black market where
they sell the items at high prices, as was recently reported by the people
during a local people's meeting called for the purpose of analyzing the poli-
tical and social situation in this part of the district of Moamba.

5058
csO: 3442/231

101



JPRS-SSA-85-040

13 May 1985

ANGOLA

EXCELLENT PRODUCTIVE RECORD OF FINA PETROLEUM DESCRIBED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 10

[Text] From the beginning of 1979 to the end of 1983, FINA Petroleum of
Angola has drilled a total of 52 wells. The total production of the deposits
drilled came to 2.19 million tons in 1979, and dropped gradually to 1.82 mil-
lion tons in 1984. The information released by the director general of that
company, engineer Bandeira Vieira, in an interview granted to REVISTA ENERGIA,
the regular publication of the Ministry of Energy and Oil, indicates that in
the past 5 years, FINA has continued to pursue seismic and drilling prospect-
ing campaigns to inventory the potential of the areas in which it operates; to
limit the normal decline at the deposits in production through secondary
recovery programs, selectivity in the drilling of development wells, and
judicious workover and servicing campaigns; and to create the infrastructures
needed to improve the efficiency of the various departments.

It was this oil company, which has operated in Angola for half a century
(since 1926), which discovered the first exploitable oil deposit in 1955, the
Benfica field, and built the only refinery in the country to date, which was
commissioned in 1958.

This active company role was confirmed in February of last year to President
of the Republic Jose Eduardo dos Santos by the president of the Belgian
PETROFINA company, Adolphe Demeure, who in the course of the audience granted
him in Futungo de Belas also indicated a desire to continue to engage in pros—
pecting and production activities (on land and at sea), as well as refining,
in our country.

In fact, engineer Bandeira Vieira said, no negotiations have yet been held
with a view to the further regularization of the role played by the SONANGOL
in the various associations within which FINA is the operator.

As is known, he said, as a result of the nationalization of the ANGOL in
February of 1977, the SONANGOL took over the 50 percent share the ANGOL had
had in the PETRANGOL~ANGOL association, and its 25 percent in the PETRANGOL-
ANGOL-TEXACO association. The shares of PETRANGOL, SONANGOL and TEXACO were
to be altered on 1 January 1979 as a result of Law No 13/78, regulating oil
activities, which, among other provisions, established the minimal share of
the SONANGOL in any type or form of association at 51 percent.

37



Meat production and supply entail other theoretical, questions because, according
to the deputies, animal can be seen in the yarious districts which.then somehow

seem to disappear’ and nobody knows. how: they’ disappeared or who killed’ them, much
less who consumed them, since the population cannot remember when they had meat

last.

The meat problem is identical te the milk problem. These are questions which
are part of the agenda for group study. An attempt is being made to find
methods to improve the supply situation.

In the meantime, in addition to the technical problems, there are questions
concerning the distribution of already prepared and improved land for production
now being carried out by the peasants. This was also analyzed and the study
groups tried to take measures to solve these problems,

The distribution of improved land, with the support of proper techniques, is

made difficult by certain members who, even though they do not participate in
the production of meat, want to keep the meat for themselves.

5058
CSO: 3442/224

262



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

MAINTENANCE ENTERPRISE TO DEAL WITH BUILDING DETERIORATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 10
[Article by Rui Perdiz]

[Text] The deterioration of the social assets in the city of Luanda is a
phenomenon too obvious to deny or ignore. Not infrequently the buildings have
a neglected and filthy appearance, with pipes and sewage networks which are
blocked, electric wires which have been torn out, unlighted hallways, few
elevators operating properly and broken windows more or less everywhere. A
large number of the schools, both primary and secondary, suffer from the same
evils, and the majority of the gardens in the capital have been doomed to
neglect.

To add to the poor state of maintenance in numerous buildings, there are heaps
of trash on the sidewalks, resulting not only in the inevitable unpleasant
odors, since many tenants continue to throw garbage and the widest variety of
objects out the windows. This reporter, while an innocent pedestrian, was
struck full in the face by a piece of melon and just escaped other “attacks”
which might have had more serious consequences, for example, the shattering of
a bottle on the ground just a few meters away.

Another result is the increase in the number of mosquitoes and cockroaches
which swarm everywhere, as well as other harmful insects which threaten the
public health of the community. This has developed as a result of our spe-
cific historic conditions, the legacy from Portuguese colonialism, reflected
in cultural backwardness and the high rate of illiteracy among our people.

Thus many citizens lacked (and still lack) the education needed to occupy the
housing they do. These various assets left behind by the colonial owners were
nationalized or confiscated and became the patrimony of the socialist society
under construction.

It thus becomes urgently necessary to carry out an efficient mass education
campaign for this population stratum. President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, in
the speech delivered to inaugurate the First National Party Conference, noted
that “it is this body, which plays the leading role in Angolan society, which
must influence the awareness of the masses through systematic ideological
activity, in which the system of party propaganda is one of the priority
tools."

+

i)
33



Mozambique are bound to decline this year.

New guarantees will have to be :assumed in the future with high risk and the
Portuguese government will -have the last word. The deyelopment of .economic
relations with Mozambique will have to be assumed in this field as an
eminently political-matter.

Since Portugal finds itself in a difficult economic situation, the opening
toward Mozambique represented an effort that had not been appreciated.

In the meantime, Portugal is making good on all of its obligations relating
to the Cabora Bassa project which cost 5 million contos per year.

The destruction of the high-tension power lines’ by RENAMO and the subsequent
damages are paid for by Portugal. If Portugal were to stop supporting
Cabora Bassa, one could easily say that Mozambique would have to accept the
terms imposed by its strong neighbor.in this matter.

We must also remember that there were Portuguese who were taken prisoner with-
out any formal charges and that they were thrown into Mozambican prisons and
"re-education" camps. Few people pay attention to their personal histories
even though this has to do with the defense of human rights and the rights of
Portuguese citizens as well as Portuguese sovereignty. On the other hand,

the war seriously threatens the security of individuals and property but many
thousands of Portuguese, both workers and cooperants, continue to work in that
country on projects of common interest. Contrary to what is happening in
Guinea-Bissau or in Cape Verde, this effort has not been given any public
recognition by the authorities in Maputo.

The cooperation actions conducted by the Portuguese state itself are also
affected by the difficult Mozambican situation.

Since they do not "reproduce" themselves economically, civil engineering
construction projects, such as bridges, highways, and even dams are bound
to be affected in the future.

It is obvious that the meritorious activity of the ICE (Economic Cooper-
ation Institute is also harmed by the negative conditions of the Portuguese
economy.

But there are projects that are directly affected by the war in Mozambique,
such as, for example, the Zambeze agribusiness project whose initial proposal
called for the use of 100,000 hectares for cotton and sisal crops, with an
integrated area guaranteeing the subcistance of the workers.

There is no lack of desire on the part’ of the Portuguése to initiate viable
and "reproductive" projects. On the Mozambican side, likewise, there are no
motives emerging for desiring a deteriorationin economic and cooperation
relations, especially since the envirenment is not receptive to just anything
or anybody, Moreover, the Mozambican negotiators found themselves forced to

65



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

LUTHERANS OFFER TRACTORS -- Three tractors with the pertinent accessories were
delivered yesterday in Maputo to the Ministry of Agriculture by the World
Lutheran Federation. Two of the tractors will be sent to the communal village
of Mitange, District of Namacurra, Province of Zambezia, and to the Balama
Primary School Teacher Training Center in Cabo Delgado. The other one will be
assigned to development work on the agricultural and livestock project of the
workers of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Boane, Province of Maputo. To
ensure the correct use and maintenance of the equipment, the Ministry_of _
Agriculture will soon give a training course for machine operators. /Text/
{Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 p 16/ 5058

NETHERLANDS DONATION -- NOVID (Dutch International Cooperation Organization)
offered 10,000 contos and two electric furnaces to the agricultural cooperative
at Koka-Missava, which a short time ago opened a new pottery for making fine
chinaware. The ceremony was conducted by the chairman of the Xai-Xai executive
council, Milagre de Jesus Mazuze, accompanied by the director of industry and
energy, Milagre Muthemba. The cooperative has been operating since 1982 and only
made red chinaware produced by 19 pottery workers, two of whom were trained at
the fine chinaware factory. The new pottery is part of a Dutch project launched
precisely 2 years ago. The factory is operating on an experimental basis and
in 2 months already turned out 1,500 pieces of fine chinaware which will be

sold to the local population_once a month. /Text/ 7 Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE
in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 p 16/ 5058

GOVERNOR CRITICIZES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE —- Manica Governor Col Manuel Antonio
harshly criticized the provincial managers of state enterprises and factories

in the region for failure to attain the targets of the territorial program for
this year. The criticism was expressed during a meeting of the provincial
government held last Monday during which Manuel Antonio noted the existence of
disorganization, carelessness, and apathy in various economic and social sectors
in the proyince of Manica. On this occasion, the Manica governor noted that
organizational measures and measures to fight disorganization will have to be
taken immediately to win the battle against hunger and against the armed bandits _
in the province. /Text/ /Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 14 Mar 85 p 15/

TRANSPORTATION, COMMUNICATIONS PRIORITIES LISTED —- Ensuring the sector's operation
with the scant material resources available is the essence of the job which is being

102



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

MINISTER OF PROVINCIAL COORDINATION ANNOUNCES APPOINTMENTS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Minister of Provincial Coordination Evaristo Domingos (Kimba)
announced the appointment and dismissal of various municipal officials by
means of a dispatch sent to our editorial office.

In fact, Joao Mulimbeno and Alberto Samuimba have been appointed to serve as
the municipal commissars of Saurimo and Muconda (Lunda-Sul Province), respec~
tively, and Garcia Domingos has been appointed municipal commissar of Kuito~
Kuanavale (Kuando-Kubango Province).

Also, Domingos Cainda, Manuel Panzo, Mario Benjamin, Pedro Antonio Aguiar and
Jose Luis Goncalves were appointed to serve as the municipal commissars for
Cambulo, Bolongongo, Ambaca, Kiculungo and Banga, all in Kwanza-Norte
Province.

In addition, Evaristo Domingos (Kimba) appointed Augusto Barros to the post of
municipal commissar of Andulo (Bie Province), to replace Mario Cauica, who has
served in that post since September of 1980.

The head of the Ministry of Provincial Coordination, who also appointed Filipe
da Cruz to serve as municipal commissar of Benguela on an ordinary service
commission, dismissed Tiago Germias and Antonio Firminio, who have been serv-
ing as municipal commissars in Muconde and Saurimo, respectively.

The minister also dismissed Jose Luis Goncalves, Jose Kipombo and Joaquim Tita
from their posts as municipal commissars of Kiculungo, Banga and Bolongongo
(Kwanza-Norte Province), respectively. And, finally, Manuel Ttumbo was dis-—
missed from his post as municipal commissar of Cambulo in Lunda-Norte
Province.

5157
cso: 3442/215

43



Corrective Campaign Needed

At the meeting last week, it was established for example that state action
with regard to the cooperatives in the carpentry sector has not contributed to
improving the work of these collective units but has on the contrary created
difficulties. In fact, the provincial Industry and Energy Office ruled that
cooperatives should not purchase wood from Cabo Delgado Woods, the provincial
enterprise, but rather through the Modern Home Enterprise.

Operating on this system, the cooperatives complain that they receive very
small quantities of wood, although the province of Cabo Delgado is currently
regarded as one of the main wood-producing regions on the national level.
These collective production units are moreover required to sell the furniture
produced to Modern Home, which later resells it at exorbitant prices in order,
as some of the participants at this meeting made a point of stressing, to
cover the payment of wages of workers who very often do nothing.

In the safety and public order sector, it was noted that the number of cases
of thefts from homes has increased recently. If, on the one hand, the thefts
are perpetrated by domestic employees, as some base-level officials said, it
is also a fact that some "unproductive" citizens also commit thefts, subse-
quently seeking refuge in the Metugi and Mieze areas, 20 kilometers from the
city center. This fact is blamed on the inadequate functioning of the Provin-
cial Operational Command, as a result of which these citizens have not to date
been properly incorporated in production activity, as required by the guide-
lines of Operation Production.

Thefts have also increased in Pemba due to the inefficiency which has for a
considerable period characterized the operations of the police in Pemba, where
the patrolling of the city, particularly at night, has been abandoned.

At the meeting the provincial leader had last week with the Pemba city admin—
istrative bodies, it was also noted that while on the one hand, the work done
by the commission was positive, the truth is nonetheless that the enemy has
not given up. Enemy actions are focused on ideological subversion, as seen in
the anonymous telephone calls made and the publication of threatening pamph-
lets.

Alberto Chipande reminded those present that this form of enemy action is not
new. This was what also happened at periods of intensification in the armed
struggle. "When the enemy was in agony, he became more dangerous, having
recourse to slander, pamphlets and assassination," that member of the highest
leadership of the FRELIMO Party and the government of our country said.

Court Begins Trial

However, last Friday, the Cabo Delgado Provincial People's Court began the
trial of citizens arrested in Pemba and charged with the practice and encour-
agement of speculation.

About 20 defendants have already testified. They include speculators and
workers at state enterprises who facilitated the theft of products, as well as



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

OMA PARTICIPATES IN REVOLUTIONARY TASKS IN KWANZA-NORTE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Mar 85 p 3

/Text/ OMA (Angolan Women's Organization) in Kwanza-Norte presently has 102,729
women in its ranks who work in 816 base organizations called sections, Adelina
Albino, the provincial secretary of that women's organization, recently told
ANGOP /ANGOLAN PRESS ANGENCY/ in an interview.

Out of the figure mentioned, 172 women are members of the MPLA-Labor Party
whereas about 40,000 others are active in the ODP (People's Defense Organiza-
tion), thus contributing to the defense of the consolidation of the revolutionary
gains of the Angolan people, the women's leader noted. She added that more

than 1,000 women are organized in the BPV (Popular Vigilante Brigades) for the
purpose of denouncing counterrevolutionaries and antisocial individuals.

Adelina Albino also said that the women of Kwanza-Norte, like those in other
parts of the country, enthusiastically participate in the tasks of national
reconstruction; 3,700 women are involved in various activity sectors.

The OMA provincial secretary expressed her disappointment over the lack of
collaboration of the various organizations in the solution of the most pressing
problems of working mothers, especially as regards the implementation of the
resolutions passed by the First Congress of the women's organization.

For the purpose of resolving all of the questions affecting women, Kwanza-Norte
has 22 legal commissions which -- although they work in close conjunction with
the judicial agencies in the province -- are considered to be deficient in
their activities, according to Adelina Albino, since irregularities continue
and since the rights of women are not being respected.

The women's leader criticized the rather improper conduct of certain youths

who have a petty-bourgeois ideology and who hold other incorrect concepts as

a reflection of the colonization the country had been subjected to. "Some
youths who have no patriotic spirit do not think about the country's current
political-military situation and this consequently makes it difficult to improve
the population's living conditions.

The OMA provincial directorate recommended a series of activities for the
current year to provide impetus for its operation on all levels. Plans call for



Lubango School for Tourism, Hotel Training Inaugurated
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 6 Mar 85).ccccscccccccccccccccesccececs

Briefs
Cabinda Affairs Figures

ETHIOPIA

Political Program of Ethiopian Peoples' Democratic Alliance

(AL-WAHDAH, 15 Feb 85).ccccsccccccccccccecceccscees

MOZAMBIQUE

Central Zone Interprovincial Conference in Beira
(NOTICIAS, 28 Feb 85). .ccecccccccccccccccscesceccsscscvces

Consumer Needs Not Met by Beira's Green Zones
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 15 Mar 85).cecevecccccecccecccvcces

Nkomati Failure Affecting Relations With Portugal
(Eduardo Cintra Torres; DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 18 Mar 85)....

Norwegian Group Involved in Cultural Cooperation
(NOTICIAS, 28 Feb 85). ccccccccccccccccccccsccccccvcsscvces

New Management Commission at Malhangalene Cooperative
(NOTICIAS, 2 Mar 85).cccsccccccccccccccccvccccsccssssvcees

Successful Marketing Campaign by Nhartanda Cooperatives
(NOTICIAS, 14 Mar 85). .ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccscseces

Consumer Cooperative Management Corruption Described
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 15 Mar 85).sccccccceeccccccescoecce

Chiloane Island Fishing Industry Study Reveals Good Prospects
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 1 Mar 85)..csccccccccccccccccccencs

Pemba Power Station Expansion Project Delayed
(Valentim Daniel; NOTICIAS, 20 Mar 85)...eccccccccecccevee

Cabo Delgado Wages Campaign Against Economic Crime
(Valentim Daniel; NOTICIAS, 26 Mar 85)....sseccccceevesees

First Wine From Manica To Be Marketed in May
(NOTICIAS, 27 Mar 85)....008.

Students in GDR Recount Experiences
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 1 Mar 85).ceccesccccccccecccceveees

Students in Foreign Countries Praised
(DOMINGO, 1 Mar 85) eeccccceccccccecccccccceccscvesscsceves

-c-

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91



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

PARTY CONGRESS STUDIES MINING INDUSTRY POTENTIAL
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Mar 85 p 2

/Text/ By virtue of its particularly rich subsoil, Angola has a vast assort-
ment of mineral resources which are still not being exploited and which have
not even been inventoried as yet.

In the mining industry, colonialism concentrated its efforts over various
decades on the production of diamonds. It was only during the last few years
that it began to turn its attention to the intensive production and exploration
of other resources, especially iron, in combination with multinational enter-
prises and foreign capital.

At the beginning of the decade of the 1970's iron mineral extraction had already
reached a certain volume along with the exploration of granites, quartz,

chalk, talc, as well as ornamental and semiprecious stones. Conditions were
also gradually created for the exploitation of phosphates with the discovery

of big deposits in the province of Zaire and Cabinda.

It is known that the geology and mining industry sector in a country with such
vast natural resources, as Angola, can play an important role in the develop-
ment of the national economy as a source of foreign exchange earnings and as
a supplier of raw materials and semifinished products for the processing
industry.

The awareness of this factor is clearly expressed in the guidelines that were
approved for this secter by the two Congresses already held and in the in-
vestigations that were conducted with a yiew to the recovery of the diamond
subsector and the reactivation of iron mineral extraction in the Cassinga
complex. Major allocations also went to the areas of granites, quartz, in
cooperation efforts and in the modernization of equipment and support facilities.

In the meantime, the First National Party Conference, after a careful critical
analysis of the sector, concluded that geology and the mining industry in recent
years were operating at a rather low activity leyel -- in spite of the importance
of diamond mining ~- characterized by an annual decline in the production

volume and by the almost complete suspension of prospecting for iron, ornamental
stones, quartz, and phosphates.

40



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

SUCCESSFUL MARKETING CAMPAIGN BY NHARTANDA COOPERATIVES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] The four agricultural cooperatives in the Nhartanda valley, in the city
of Tete, are having significant success marketing their produce, particularly

corn and okra. The products are normally sold at the respective farms to the

cooperative members and the general public. This practice, initiated in early
February, has enabled the cooperatives to open bank accounts with their earn-

ings.

The cooperatives are the "Venceremos a Fome" [Let Us Overcome Hunger" ], the
“Marun N'Gouabi," the "Robert Mugabe" and the "Worker-Peasant Alliance," and
their 150 members are all enthusiastic and optimistic about the results achieved.

As a result of these sales, the four cooperatives have already opened their
bank accounts. How did this idea start? As soon as they began to sell the
produce harvested in this first phase (corn and okra), the cooperative members,
in coordination with the cooperative sector of the Rural Development Program
for Green Zones of the city of Tete, met and studied the procedures for opening
bank accounts for each cooperative.

Thus, during the last 15 days of February, bank accounts were opened for the
four cooperatives in the Popular Development Bank and another one was opened
for the Union of Farm Cooperatives, a recently-created organization in the
city of Tete. In that union, the funds are from sales of products which inter~
national organizations have donated to the Rural Development Program.

The "Venceremos a Fome" and the"Worker~Peasant Alliance" cooperatives already
have accounts of more than 170,000 and 80,000 meticals, respectively, and the
other two cooperatives have close to 120,000 and 100,000 meticals in their
accounts.

In a brief conversation with some cooperative members, we learned that sales
range between 5,000 and 10,000 meticals per day.

Foodstuffs: an Incentive for Productivity
All the members of the Nhartanda agricultural cooperatives have received food
support, including such products as oil, beans and salt. In a first phase,

the products were distributed according to the work days which each member
had devoted to the cooperative.

71



Chiloane: Embryo of Activity

The director of the complex stressed that the island of Chiloane will be the
embryo of the activity. It is in this area that the "mother" station will
operate and the fish from the different fishing regions where access is not
easy will be concentrated.

One of the conditions that will make it possible for other activities besides
fish drying to be carried out, with a view toward using the island's fishing
potential, is the recovery of the facilities which belonged ‘to the Faroua~Ah
Heng company.

In this regard, Paulo Saiene said that, among the activities to rehabilitate
the equipment in the area, emphasis must be placed on the cold storage chambers.
He claimed that they could create conditions enabling the "Chiloane" to start
carrying fresh fish to the city of Beira as well.

The interviewee explained: "The boat has a total capacity of 33 tons and, in
addition, is equipped to carry fresh fish. We shall be able to develop it
for this latter purpose provided the cold storage chambers are improved."

He claimed: "Nevertheless, I cannot tell you when it is planned to recover
the chambers, because this will depend on the results of the survey of the
current condition of those infrastructures, especially regarding the parts
required for their rehabilitation."

Information procured by our reporter in Chiloane from.one of the members of the
erstwhile Faroua-Ah Heng fishing company, indicates that this unit was abandon-
ed during the last half of .1982. Until early 1983, the workers in the sector
already subjected to intervention operated organized by a steering cominission.

According to the same member, Faroua-Ah Heng has two freezers (one of which
is totally damaged at present) for shrimp and fish, with capacities to hold
from 4 to 5 tons. In addition, there is now a structure to provide'salt in
the amount of from 3 to 5 tons, depending on the production.

Purchase and Sale Process in Phases

The subject of the interview observed: "The fishermen have been backed up
until now by PESCOM. Obviously, this work of selling and purchasing, as well
as the transportation of fish, are not the job of the marketing enterprise.
This has been the case, and it will be the case until the complex obtains the
means for carrying out this activity in its entirety. Hence, the turnover of
these jobs will be a gradual process."

According to that director, if the fishing complex is currently doing the work

of transporting, which it has already begun, it is only because it has a: boat
with which to engage in this activity. The "Chiloane" will be used exclusively

80



172097
JPRS-SSA-85-040

43 May 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980224 132

FBI¢:| FOREIGN BROADGAST. INFORMATION SERVICE

"REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
| INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
“SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



New harbor installations began operations in‘the enclave of Walvis Bay,

which is claimed by South Africa, with cargo loadings and unloadings of

9.8 million tons in 1984. The country's economy has high hopes for the
prospective exploitation of the Kudu natural gas fields located 120 kilometers
north of the mouth of the Orange River and 2.8 kilometers inside of Namibian
territorial waters. Initial drillings were done in 1974 by the American firm
of Chevron and were handed over to the state-run South African company Soekor
after being plugged, without details concerning the results being made public.
According to newspaper reports, natural gas having a value of 8.0 trillion
rands (at current prices) is supposed to be located there, with processing
into gasoline and diesel fuel capable of meeting a large part of South
Africa's needs.

The South African Ministry of Transport Services held up the prospect of
closing a number of rail sections in Namibia whose operation resulted in an
annual loss of about 90 million rands; in April, 1985, the entire railroad
is to be transferred into Namibian hands. The economically and strategically
important north-south route from Cape Province to the northern frontier
(Tsumeb) is to be retained in service along with the western connection to
Swakopmund.

If the proposed economy measures are enacted, construction of a line from

the Botswana coal fields to the transshipment port of Luederitz as announced
some time ago by the President of Botswana could have to wait for a long time.
Expansion of Luederitz Bay into a deep-water harbor could cost approximately
300 million rands.

Following years of dry weather, there were heavy rains in Namibia during the
first months of 1985, so that a revival of agriculture and animal breeding
can be anticipated. Agricultural sales in 1983 -- more recent figures are
not available -- amounted to 142 million rands, 48 million rands below those
of the prior year, and farmer indebtedness to the rural bank reached

75.1 million rands. Meat exports, also, should increase in 1985 following
the resumption of operations at slaughterhouses; in 1984, the Swavleis company
shipped roughly 20 tons of meat monthly to the Federal Republic of Germany.

The dams contained 20 percent more water in February of 1985 compared to the
prior year. Several construction segments of the water-supply canal for
Windhoek and Herreroland from the Kavango River were placed into service

last year; the entire project includes the laying of a 1,250-kilometer

long pipeline and construction of a number of pumping stations. At present,
a number of agricultural development projects are being carried out on the
Kavango River itself. There were also reports of establishing a German-
Namibian development company, which intends to devote itself to education
and continuing training as well as to the financing of handicraft enterprises
and agricultural projects. The first national Namibian development authority,
Enok, in 1984 administered investments totaling 105 million rands, of which
34 percent were used for company reorganizations, 33 percent for the benefit
of commerce and general services, 17 percent for administration, 15 percent
for agriculture, and only 1 percent for mining.

106



Kwanza-Sul Party Committee Assesses Provincial Situation
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 20 Mar 85)...cecceccccececcccsecssceees

Socioeconomic Difficulties Encountered in Tomboco Municipality
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Feb 85)..cceccecccccceccccecceccecee

Bengo Province Prepares for New Farm Season
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 22 Mar 85)..

Monthly Check of Work Centers Planned in Lubango
(L. Luansi; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 22 Mar 85)...scccsceeeevcece

1985 Marketing Prospects for Huila Encouraging
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Feb 85)..scceccccccccccccsccvesceece

Namibe Hotel Industry Showing Improvement
(Hortencio Sebastiao; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Feb 85)........

Socialist Emulation Planned for Bengo Province Enterprises
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Feb 85)..scccccccecccccccccececceece

Socioeconomic Problems of Uije Province Discussed
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Feb 85)..cccceccccccveccceceee

Metal Mechanics Enterprise Plans Production Increase
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Feb 85)..ccecceccccccccccccssceccecs

Maintenance Enterprise To Deal With Building Deterioration
(Rui Perdiz; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Feb 85)..ccececccccceeee

Excellent Productive Record of FINA Petroleum Described
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Feb 85)..scceccccecccccccecececceecs

Party Congress Studies Mining Industry Potential
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 12 Mar 85)...seeeeeeee

Minister of Provincial Coordination Announces Appointments
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA 23 Feb 85)...ccccccccccccccccccccccceese

Ministry of Fisheries Holds Cadre Training Meeting
(Eugenio Diogo; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Feb 85)....eceevevees

Anniversary of Angolan Police Corps Founding Celebrated
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 6 Mar 85)..ccccccecccccccccccescccceeee

Health, Housing Problems in Namibe Province Discussed
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Mar 85)......

Agostinho Neto University Graduates First 14 Architects
(Fragoso Daniel; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 Mar 85)....seceseeeee

-b

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The output of diamonds and uranium is said to have decreased substantially
in 1984; supposedly, Great Britain and Japan did not renew their purchasing
contract for uranium from the Roessing mine, which is owned by the Rio Tinto
Zinc Company, because of political reasons. On the other hand, there were
reports, though as yet unconfirmed, regarding discovery of large gold
deposits held by the Tsumeb Corp mining company, which is 43 percent in the
hands of the South African GFSA and 33 percent in the ownership of the U.S.
Newmont Mining Corp. The alleged field is said to be located in Damaraland,
west of Omaruru near Ondunda. In addition to copper, the Tsumeb Corp

mines a number of strategically important minerals.

12412
cso: 3420/42

107



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

SOCIALIST EMULATION PLANNED FOR BENGO PROVINCE ENTERPRISES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Caxito--More than 5,000 workers employed in more than 36 enterprises
located in the province of Bengo will participate in the socialist emulation
launched on the 6th of this month, which will extend until the end of this
year.

The deputy provincial secretary and head of the Economic Affairs Section of
the National Union of Workers of Angola (UNTA), Mateus Manuel Canjungo, when
asked for a statement in this connection by the ANGOP, said that the socialist
emulation in the province of Bengo will involve four stages. The first,
called "4 February," will last until next March, the second, called "1 May,"
will run from April to June, the third will run from August to September,
while the fourth, called "10 December," will cover the period between October
and December.

This socialist emulation campaign is designed basically to increase the capac—
ity of the workers in the province to develop of national economy with a view
to the building of a society of a new type, scientific socialism, as well as
increasing production and productivity.

Veterans

More than 2,868 veterans, including totally and partially disabled veterans,
orphans and former political prisoners were reintegrated in the labor force in
the province of Bengo during 1984 by the provincial office of the Secretariat
of State for Social Affairs, a reliable source has informed the ANGOP.

Francisco Muginga, head of the provincial sector for census taking and alloca-
tion of social rights under that state secretariat told the ANGOP that the
activities of that body are being hindered by the lack of homes for the
veterans, limited transportation facilities, food supplies and industrial
goods.

5157
CSO: 3442/214

28



JPRS~SSA~85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

FIRST WINE FROM MANICA TO BE MARKETED IN MAY
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Mar 85 p 8

[Text] The first 4300 liters of grape wine produced in Manica will be avail-
able for drinking by the people in this province next May, when it goes on
sale to the public at the price of 200 meticals per liter. This production
represents the harvest of grapes from 30 hectares of vineyard which were
planted near Vila Manica. According to Jose Martins, a wine technician from
the Vinhas de Mocambique (Mozambique Wines) cellars, the wine has been in
preparation since last January.

This vinicultural technician, Jose Martins, said that the 200 meticals to be
charged for each liter of wine will cover the various expenditures and costs
including the work of harvesting, pressing and processing.

According to this technician, while some small quantities of grapes wére con-
sumed or marketed last year for table use, the Vinhas de Mocambique enterprise
produced some quantities of wine during that same period for testing with a
view to a more detailed project of producing wine for sale.

Martins stressed that although the production of wine in Manica is not yet
equal to the current demand, and also because the current stage is an experi-
mental one in terms of quality and methods established and adopted, the wine
will be popular with consumers.

According to the production plans established by Vinhas de Mocambique, it is
expected that a total of 50 hectares of land will be utilized. At present,
only about 40 are under cultivation, producing table grapes and grapes for
wine production. Jose Martins explained that 22 varieties of grapes are being
grown in these vineyards.

Although there is no definite or official data available at this time, the
possibility of improving the quality of the grapes currently being grown may
become a reality in the coming months, with the arrival of cuttings imported
for planting in the vineyards.

The Vinhas de Mocambique enterprise has 10 hectares of cuttings of its own at
present.

Jose Martins said that despite everything and taking the favorable climatic

conditions in the Manica district into account, good results can be expected
in the vine-growing sector.

87



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PEMBA POWER STATION EXPANSION PROJECT DELAYED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Mar 85 p 8
[Article by Valentim Daniel]

[Text] A need for cement and the delay in the delivery of fuel storage tanks
are the only two factors at present on which the completion of the expansion
work at the Pemba Electric Power Plant later this month depends. This civil
construction project was begun in October of 1983, and was financed as a gift
by the government of the United Kingdom. The British Crown Agency firm, in
partnership with the Mozambique Electricity (EDM) enterprise, was entrusted
with its execution.

The civil construction project includes a building to house the generator
sets, which is being built by Cabo Delgado Integral Construction (CICAD), the
provincial enterprise. It is scheduled for completion at the end of this
March, following which the installation of the generator sets will begin.

However, alj of this depends on the delivery of 90 tons of cement now located
in the port of Nacala in the province of Nampula. It will have to be trans~
ported to Pemba by road or by coastal shipping. The project is also awaiting
delivery of the three fuel storage tanks with a capacity of 80,000 liters
each.

Effort Made

Although a significant effort has been made by the construction enterprise,
the CICAD, as well as by the Crown Agency and the EDM to keep to the estab-
lished schedule, the project has encountered tremendous difficulties in con—
nection with deliveries of construction materials such as wood, iron and
cement.

It should be noted that the expansion of the Pemba Electric Power Plant is a
project of great importance, in that it will put an end to the energy problems
currently affecting the capital of Cabo Delgado. In fact, according to a
source at the EDM, three of the six generators at the Pemba Electric Power
Plant are not functioning properly because of maintenance difficulties. The
reason for these difficulties is the lack of replacement parts and also their
long years of use.

82



JPRS-SSA~85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

INCREASED COOPERATION WITH GDR PRATSRD BY MINISTER
luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 Mar 85 pp 1, 12

[Text] Berlin--"Our country has participated in the Leipzig Fairs since 1977
with a view to intensifying our trade relations with the developed countries,
primarily the GDR, the government of which has given selfless aid to our
people since the early days of the triumph in the struggle against colonial-
ism," Minister of Industry Henriques de Carvalho Santo (Onambue), substitute
member of the Political Bureau of the MPLA-Labor Party, said.

In statements made to PRENSA LATINA, the minister of industry, who visited the
fair, stressed its importance to the development of economic ties between the
countries in Africa and those in the rest of the world.

During his stay at the fair, in which the African countries making efforts to
overcome underdevelopment, including Angola, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Ghana,
Cameroon, Guinea, Benin and Zaire, participated, this substitute member of the
Political Bureau met with GDR leaders.

During his visit to the Angolan and Mozambican pavilions, GDR Minister for
Foreign Trade Horst Solle stressed the readiness of his country to expand
trade relations with friendly countries still further.

Minister Solle confirmed the GDR's solidarity with the struggle of Angola and
Mozambique for independence. "Cooperation in this sector must be as efficient
as possible," the minister said.

The head of the Angolan pavilion, Adelino de Carvalho, for his part, expressed
satisfaction with the excellent cooperation with the central office of the
Leipzig Fair and the experience gained, which may contribute to the holding of
a second FICON-85 next November.

In Leipzig, Angola and Mozembique exhibited raw farm products and finished
craft goods, wood and ores. Yhe potential for winning a recognized place in
trade was also evidenced by the exhibits presented by Ethiopia, Benin, Ghana,
Cameroon and Zaire, as well as the participation of the government delegations
from Zimbabwe and Ivory Coast.

5157
CSO: 3442/238

10



JPRS-SSA~-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

LUBANGO SCHOOL FOR TOURISM, HOTEL TRAINING INAUGURATED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Mar 85 p3

[Text] Lubango--The Lubango School for Tourism and Hotel Training, serving
the purpose of training professional workers in all branches of hotelkeeping,
was inaugrated last weekend by Angolan Minister of Internal Trade Adriano dos
Santos Junior.

The inaugural ceremony, at which representatives of the party and government
in the province of Huila were present, was also attended by a delegation from
the National Tourist Training Institute CINFT) in Portugal, including the
director general of the institute, Severo dos Santos,

In his speech, the Angolan minister of internal trade praised the efforts made
by certain officials, in particular the director of the school, Carlos Ramos,
as well as party and government bodies, and the concern they have devoted to
the School for the Training of Professional Tourism and Hotel Workers.

In conclusion, Adriano dos Santos urged the students at the school to work
hard at their studies, because only thus, he said, can we reduce the need for
foreign cooperation,

The Lubango training school which was recently inaugurated, although not
totally completed as yet, will rely on INFT technicians, it will be recalled.
Under the terms of a technical aid contract with Angola, they are organizing
and supervising the technical and pedagogical structures of the tourism
schools in Angola (Luanda, Huambo and Lubango).

5157
CSO: 3442/220

52



The official admitted that some police agents receive assignments and
pay no attention to any abnormal situations which they may pass en route,
as if they were temporarily off duty. "We are working to retrain the men,
adding intensive political education, so that each agent will be diligent in
performing his duty."

State Companies Responsible

The lack of supervision fosters the theft of vehicles, which has recently
shown an alarming increase. According to the police, there are several types
of car thieves. There are individuals or rings which steal vehicles to strip
them and sell the parts. Others mainly steal trucks to transport other items
they have stolen.

According to the police authorities, there are also individuals who steal
vehicles to use to transport passengers and freight and earn huge sums of money
as hackers. “This is why, for example, many of the stolen vehicles belong

to the government. Sometimes it is the drivers of the state companies that
are committing the theft," Comrade Cossa reported.

To illustrate, he said that 12 vehicles were stolen in Maputo in January, only
2 of which were privately owned. The question arises: How is it possible for
a vehicle owned by a state company, which can only be taken from the company
lot by a company driver, to be stolen? The fact is that the thefts have
occurred in yards, on the streets and in some very strange places, and not
from the company parking lots.

“This is really a serious problem," said the Maputo traffic chief. ‘The
company officials do not take adequate precautions. A vehicle is stolen and
those responsible for its security go unpunished; they are not even subjected
to any disciplinary action. We hear constant complaints about the shortage
of fuel for work, but there is always enough fuel to go to the beach or to
a soccer game."

Corruption?

Are there corrupt police officers? It is said that there are; that there are
police officers who accept money for not issuing tickets and even for "closing
their eyes" to the actions of certain individuals.

"We have heard this too," Cossa said. He added that "the problem is that,
officially, we do not know this. We don't know about it because people don't
report it to us; they don't get involved in specific cases of corruption.

I appeal to the public. Any citizen who knows of such a case should report

it to the Police Command, so that we may take action, immediately, and make
sure that the corrupt officer is immediately arrested and tried, as a civilian,
and if found guilty, expelled from the force."

Ne added that the accusation must be honest. le gave an example: a while ago,
a police agent was accused of taking a bribe. There was an investigation and
trial and the accusation proved to be false. It was a matter of revenge, since
the officer had in fact refused to shirk his duty.

94



JPRS-SSA-85-040

13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CONSUMER, COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT CORRUPTION DESCRIBED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 pp 8-9

/Text/ "We have the lion by the tail!" With this remark,
spoken in unison, more than 3,000 members of the starving
consumer cooperative of the district of: Malhangalene, in
Maputo, expressed their euphoria over the expulsion of
the management commission (a fiction which for almost 8
years mistreated, robbed, and in summary, brought the
cooperative to the brink of collapse. is emerged during
the first special general meeting held several days ago as
part of the current reorganization.

Under the chairmanship of Benjamim Moises Ngulele, the management commission
of this cooperative was the lord-of the manor, so to speak, and anything went.

Lack of respect for the members, absolute authoritarianism, harassment of
consumers, the use of the establishment as a prison -- these are some of the
bad things the "phony" commission did for 8 years.

Cooperative's Origin
The Malhangalene consumer cooperative was founded on 25 June 1977. At that
time it had 167 partners, three staff workers, and a single sales outlet.

As a result of good organization, dedication, respect for the partners, and
equitable distribution of preducts, the cooperative advanced from the "pilot"
category to the level where it covered the entire city. This bloom however
lasted only a short time since Ngulele and his companions were thinking of
turning the store into their own property and making the workers their servants.

In the meantime, because of the above-described fictitious qualities, more than
1,500 members had already joined the cooperative by the end of 1980,

To cope with the continuous increase in the number of members, another sales
outlet was established and more than 17 workers were taken on.

To respond to the complexity of preblems that arose as a result of the cooper-

ative's growth, it became necessary in 1981 to establish control and management
bodies such as delegates, the cooperative council, and local assemblies.

73



Although the number of party members is relatively small in comparison to the
total population of Angola, such that the physical absence of the party makes
itself felt even in priority sectors, as the president mentioned on that occa-
sion, greater dynamism and versatility on the part of the base organizations
is expected in the organization and supervision of residents' commissions
which will be active and which will in fact resolve the problem of sanitation,
as well as contributing to the maintenance and restoration of the buildings
and also seeking out other irregular situations.

Who Is Responsible for This Maintenance?

With a view to restoring and protecting the social assets of the Angolan
capital, the Provincial Building Maintenance Enterprise (EMPROCI) was
established at the end of 1979. In principle, it was to focus on work on
large buildings and multifamily housing units belonging to the state in the
province of Luanda. It was therefore supposed to respond to the applications
made to it in this connection, but this did not happen.

Although it attempted to resolve the problems presented to it, the capacity of
this enterprise for response falls well below what is required. Moreover, the
entire housing sector, of which the EMPROCI is a part, has for a number of
years faced “great difficulties both in terms of organization and operation,
making the normal pursuit of its activities difficult," as the Angolan chief
of state said. During the address in question he added:

“We must reflect in depth on the need for this sector to exist or to be trans—
formed in such a way as to make it more operational and capable of resolving
housing problems." The arbitrary action and lack of capacity revealed con-
ributed to discrediting the government and the party leadership, the president
said on that occasion,

This lack of capacity, as well as the ignorance of certain tenants, was
notorious in the case of the damage done to Electra, totaling several thousand
kwanzas, when one resident of an upper floor, on finding the sewage pipes from
his apartment blocked, made a hole in the wooden floor so that the water could
run down, Reaching the installations of this enterprise, it damaged a large
part of the electrical equipment stored there beyond any possibility of
repair.

This situation dragged on for nearly 2 years, with no response from the
EMPROCI to the various requests formulated by the enterprise suffering damage.
This happened almost 5 years ago now, but the response capacity of this enter-
prise under the State Housing Secretariat has not substantially improved since
then.

The low productive level of the EMPROCI from its establishment to the present
is due in part to inadequate deliveries of construction materials by the
EMPROMAC, the enterprise which is responsible for supplying the EMPROCI but
which has only managed to meet about 50 percent of its needs, as well as the
limited experience of the majority of the technical cadres.

34



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

ANNIVERSARY OF ANGOLAN POLICE CORPS FOUNDING CELEBRATED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Mar 85 p 3

[Excerpt] Chitato--The 8th anniversary of the founding of the Angolan Police
Corps was celebrated in this city.

During the ceremony at which the coordinator of the provincial party commit-
tee, president of the Provincial People's Assembly and provincial commissar of
Lunda-Norte, Lt Col Gil Silverio Paim (Kubindama) presided, a message from the
MPLA-Party Youth cell in the people's police was read.

A history of the activities pursued during 1984 by the people's police was
also read during the ceremony.

At its conclusion, the provincial commissar of Lunda-Norte, Lieutenant Colonel
Kubindama, after urging people's police agents to totally eliminate all types
of crime and vandalism, urged them to observe the discipline which, he said,
is one of the components and virtues of a revolutionary.

Also during the ceremonies in connection with the observance, a floral wreath
was placed at the tomb of the unknown soldier.

Present at the ceremony in addition to the provincial commissar were the rep-
resentative of the Ministry of Interior, Francisco Joao Neto, who is also a
member of the provincial committee of the party, and invited guests repre-
senting various bodies.

5157
cso: 3442/220

46



Boesak: Oh, yes. But I am not worried that these attitudes might manifest
themselves within the UDF. We take the factor of ethni¢c-nationalism seriously
as a part of the government's strategy and this is why I said that, even though
we may be winning in the fight against apartheid, we would still have to take
this factor into consideration. What they’ are doing in the bantustans is to
create separate nationalisms, a separate Zulo nationalism, a separate Ndebele
nationalism, and I think that this is extremely dangerous.

Question: TI recall that groups of youths in Soweto and in other suburbs in
1975 began a serious struggle against the ethnic structures and the government
reacted brutally to that. Through its reaction, the government gave the
impression that those youths were hitting the most sensitive point of
apartheid."

Boesak: This is what is happening today, in any case. I am trying to say that,
if somebody notices that, in a political movement, tribalism is not only dan-
gerous but also can be overcome, then this becomes a part of the people's

daily education.

Question: Along what lines is the white community divided today?

Boesak: This is difficult to say. But one can say that there is a certain
tension, almost a contradiction, within the white community at this time.

I think that the white community has never before been so forced to think about
the extremely high cost of apartheid, even to it. There are various indications
of that. There is a desire to call the government's attention to the need for
making small concessions so as to improve its:image. Among the most progressive
groups within the white community, for example, the young people, there is the
idea that they do not want to be drafted into an army that is essentially an
instrument for defending apartheid. There is this type of tension, the feeling
that things must change. They cannot continue the way they are today, At the
same time, they see that it is no longer possible to appease the black masses
with these concessions. They are facing the blacks -- something which has not
happened for years, as a determined population group which will not desist from
the liberation struggle. They know that. They are facing a process of
articulation of the aspirations of the blacks now more than ever before. They
can see that resistance keeps growing in South Africa and that there is growing
pressure from the international community. They can see their own government
floundering in confusion. They do not know what goes on.

However, at the same time, the moment has not yet come for them to tell the
government "either you introduce fundamental changes or we will not continue

to support you." At this moment, all of these contradictions are leading them
toward another contradiction. They are now giving the government more support
than before. TI think that English-speaking whites are giving the nationalist
government the kind of support we have never seen in the history of South Africa.
But that does not matter to me.

Question: Could this be a sign of panic?

115



continue as teachers in the architecture course. When they have taken up
their posts, this will make Angolans a majority, for the first time, on the
administrative and pedagogical council.

The late President Neto proclaimed 1979 to be the “year of cadre training.”
Within the context of the steps taken that year, the government of the
People's Republic of Angola decided to train Angolan architects within our own
country, and thus a 5~year course was established within the Faculty of
Engineering. The course is designed above all to provide training in the
detailed designing of urban plans and architectonic concepts for which the 5-
year plans for the development of the country call.

The architecture course, defined and organized at a seminar held in September
of 1979 in the Angolan Engineering Laboratory, attended by eminent foreign
architects as well as Angolan architects and intellectuals, basically involves
three cycles or specific apprenticeship stages.

The first year provides an introduction to architectural and construction work
and is termed the "initiation cycle." It is characterized by active observa-
tion of existing facilities and the sketching of initial proposals for altera-
tion.

The next 3 years, the second, third and fourth, which are a part of the
“training cycle," are characterized by the relation between the analysis of
existing facilities and the drafting of architectonic proposals. This latter
activity is correlated with the study of other subjects such as the history of
architecture and cities, mathematics, graphostatics, sociology, etc.

The last year is characterized by the synthesis of all this knowledge leading
to certification. This is the "diploma completion cycle."

The architecture course is divided into semesters, all of which have as their
main activity the designing of architectonic sites based on concrete problems.
Thus beginning in the first year, the students develop plans for possible
alterations of a part of the city they have previously observed and analyzed.
In the second year, they pursue projects related to production sites-—
factories and auxiliary and housing facilities. Beginning in the third year,
the planning activity involves urban contexts, with gradual development toward
the definition of form and component parts.

Interacting with the pursuit of their projects, the students pursue subjects
in sequence pertaining to the relationship between construction and environ-
ment, between the history and the theory of architecture, between construction
and stability and between man and his environment. In this last subject
group, for example, sequential studies include anthropology, ethnology,
sociology, and urban and regional geography.

It is this study plan which the 14 recently graduated architects completed.

5157
cso: 3442/220

51



JPRS-SSA-85-040

13 May 1985

ANGOLA

HEALTH, HOUSING PROBLEMS IN NAMIBE PROVINCE DISCUSSED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Mar 85 pp 2-3

[Text] Namibe--The provincial office of the Secretariat of State for Housing
allocated 66 housing units during 1984, in response to a total of 296 appli-
cations for homes received from government bodies, local residents and trans~—
ferred cadres, according to the annual report of that office.

The report says that the office, which supervises 5,410 housing units, filled
10 of the 61 housing requests from cadres transferred to the province, while
37 ordinary residents were assigned housing, out of a total of 208 applicants.

This same body effected 43 evictions and found six instances of illegal occu-
pation of housing by the people.

The satisfaction of only 22.3 percent of the people's needs where housing is
concerned is due to “the lack of development in construction in the province,
one of the main characteristics and leading reasons behind the shortage of
housing,” the sector responsible for housing in the province of Namibe said in
its report.

Therefore, in view of its population density of about 3.37 persons per square
kilometer, the province of Namibe needs to solve its problem of population
departures, preventing a substantial number of the people from leaving so as
to guarantee that it will retain the labor force it needs to make the rational
exploitation of its natural resources possible and to raise the level of its
economic and social development ever higher.

In order to prevent the residents from leaving, as well as to attract the
other national and foreign cadres needed, certain basic conditions, especially
housing, will have to be provided. In fact, the solution to the housing prob-
lem is one of the basic issues in the province if the strategic goals estab-
lished are to be achieved. The characteristics which prevail at present for
the majority of the people fail to guarantee their needs, whether in the city
or in the rural sector.

In this connection, the provincial representative of the Secretariat of State

for Housing suggests in his 1984 annual report that "the province of Namibe be
accorded priority for the construction of Girohn-type prefabricated housing,

47



In the meantime, a proyisional commission has been appointed. to manage the
cooperative. It is made up of seven persons and five of them are assigned
to control and discipline functions,

The main tasks of the new commission are to. guarantee the assemblies at the
sales outlets. and the meetings of the délegates, as well as the drafting of
reports, the rendering of accounts, and the equitable distribution of products
by the partners.

Private Partner for 2 Years

During a general meeting two and a half years ago, partner no 2311 criticized
the poor operation of the now extinct management commission. Several days
later, when he went to the cooperative to buy'some goods, his membership card
was confiscated.

He contacted the GOAM L0ffice of Supply Organization of the City of Maputo/
where he was told that cases of this kind were taken care of within the cooper-
ative itself.

He then contacted the cooperative's chairman who refused to return the card to
him.

He now decided to contact the executive council and asked to talk to the chair-
man. But his wish was not fulfilled. He was only able to talk to the chair-
man's office chief.

The chief promised to help and accompanied him to the cooperative. That is
where he was told that “the executive council has nothing to say here" and so
he had to leave again. The aide adyised him to write to the chairman of the
executive council. In spite of the fact that he sent the letter to the office
of the chairman, he had not gotten any response by the time the last meeting
was held. .

However, after the meeting, he once again had his card in his hands.
Some of Those Who Were Expelled

The general assembly decided to expel Benjamim Moises Ngulele as a partner in
the Malhangalene consumer cooperative and he was taken to jail after the meeting.

Partners 1571, 1593, 1800, and 2244 also were ordered expelled on charges of
stealing, using various kinds of tricks.

Likewise expelled were the staff workers Ana Abrahamo Nhaca, Maria Salome,
Raquel Chemane, Cacilda Andre, Maria Isabel Langa, and a man by the name of
Jeremias.

The following-named workers were suspended: Domingos Deve, Ana Enoque Tamele,

and Joana Bento Mahazule; the suspension is to remain in effect until the
charges against them have been cleared up.

716



other accomplices. The majority of these defendants are charged with stealing
sugar, rice and wheat flour from the warehouses of the Provincial Wholesale
Trade Enterprise.

In the trial session last Friday, it was demonstrated once again that thefts
from the wholesale enterprise warehouses are being perpetrated with the con-
nivance of certain workers, many times during their working shifts. By way of
example we might mention the theft of a ton of sugar, as well as more than a
hundred sacks of wheat flour, concerning which investigations are still under
way, with a view to establishing the real circumstances under which these
crimes were committed.

It is expected that the first sentences will be handed down later this week.

5157
CSO: 3442/237

86



As for diamonds, where production ofthe past 3 years declined by more than

30 percent, it must be noted that the average sales price for a carat during
that same period of time dropped by about 42 percent. These factors, combined
with the deficit utilization of the installed capacity for the processing of
crushed rock, the irregular technical-material supply_situation, as well as
unlawful deals placed DIAMANG /Angola Diamond.Company/ in a difficult situation.

It must be emphasized that the ineffectiveness of the role played by ENDIAMA
{Diamond Enterprise?/ established for the purpose of supervising the operations
‘of the mixed DIAMANG enterprise and the National Directorate of Geology and

the Mining Industry, which likewise did net exercise any control and higher-
level supervision over ENDIAMA and DIAMANG, are also responsible for the
difficult situation in which the diamond subsector finds itself now, as well as
the negative results it shows.

The activities of FERRANGOL expansion unknown/ and ICOMIANGOL /expansion un-
known/, which, respectively, are involved in the exploration of iron mineral

and quartz, are practically at a standstill. The investments made in the_mining
complexes of Cassinga-Norte (Jamba), in association with AUSTRO-MINERAL expansion
unknown/, and in the township of Conda, in Kwanza-Sul, have not yet produced

any compensatory results. om

After showing a deficit until the start of the current “5-year term, the ROVEMINA
Lexpansion unknown/ enterprise, which contrels all ornamental stone production
units in the provinces of Benguela, Huila and Namibe, is now in a process of
reorganization and is installing new equipment with broad prospects of growth
so that it may become an important source of foreign exchange in rather short-
range terms. For this purpose it will be necessary to make up the difference
which the enterprise maintains with EXPORTANG fexpansion unknown/ in the sale
and export of its products.

In the area of phosphates, with large deposits identified in the provinces of
Zaire and Cabinda, the subsector was started up in 1979, the year the FOSFANG
expansion unknown/ enterprise was created. Although it was not yet properly
organized and set up, five contracts were signed with a foreign enterprise
whose activity program culminated in the construction of a phosphate mining
complex in the province of Zaire, with an investment of about $9 million. The
project was opened with pomp and circumstance in the presence of the then

but it has been paralyzed for the past 5 years due to difficulties of various
kinds and for reasons that have not been sufficiently cleared up.

Another major activity in the geology and mining industry sector has to do with
prospecting for water supplies in aried and semidesert zones of the country's
southwest; this is why the National Underground Water Enterprise, Hidromina,
was created in 1970 with headquarters in the proyince of Huila. The enterprise
became operational in 1981 and its situation has been deteriorating due to the
lack of medium-level and higher-level specialized technical personnel, the lack
of equipment, spare parts, and accessories, and also due to the military
situation in a large part of the operations area.

A thorough knowledge of the country's mining resources is fundamental. We must

41



JPRS-SSA~85-040
13 May 1985

SOUTH. AFRICA

ALAN BOESAK ON PROGRESS OF UDF MOVEMENT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Feb 85 p 3

Anterview with Dr Alan Boesak, United Democratic Front leader, by Carlos
Cardoso: "Initiative Is in Hands of Those Who Fight Against Government of
Racism And Apartheid"/

/Text/ Dr Alan Boesak, one of the leaders of the UDF (United
Democratic Front) of South Africa and chairman of the World
Alliance of Reformed Churches, visited Mozambique between 14
and 17 February in response to an invitation from the AMASP
(Mozambican Society for Friendship with Peoples). Boesak
was the main speaker during the celebrations on 14 February,
the Day of Friendship Between the Mozambican and the South
African peoples. On Sunday, shortly before meeting with
President Samora Machel, Boesak gave an interview to AIM
{MOZAMBIQUE INFORMATION AGENCY/ manager Carlos Cardoso. Here
is the complete text of the interview. "The South African
government is very strong but it is not all-powerful. It
really likes to create that impression, unlike any government
in the world, to the effect that it is not yielding to any
pressures. Today, there is a wave rising from the community
which tells the government that 'the only recourse you have
is your weapons, your military power, and your punitive
power.’ At the moment the people overcome the fear of puni-
tive power, they will take an important step toward taking
the situation into their own hands."

Question: The South African government likes to present itself in public as
being all-powerful, as a decisive factor both inside South Africa and in the
region. However, the events of 1984 in South Africa seem to indicate some-
thing entirely different. In your opinion, does the historical and strategic
initiative continue to be in the hands of the government or has it passed to
the mass movement?

Boesak: I think that it is very clear that the South African government lost
most of the initiative it had.

At the beginning of 1984, there were three events that persuaded the government

141



me: for the first time I saw that South Africa which I had always been writing
about but which. I had never seen, .

He began to see that what we are in the process of building within the movement
is something that South Africa can’be, If this were not to happen within the
UDF I probably would not have had the courage to continue. And then I might
accept one of the positions:which they always offered me in Europe or in the
United States and I would simply go away.

Question: You also talked to many journalists from various parts of the world.
What is the question or what were the really important questions that they
never put to you. What are the main issues that they could have asked you
about but never put to you?

Boesak: Sometimes they asked questions and I tried to answer them that they do
not understand because of ignorance. For many journalists, for example, when
we talked about the UDF, they want to know what it is that we are managing to
do, what course we are going to follow, and I cannot answer because we are
working within an oppressive system.

Then they ask me what the most important thing was that the UDF did in 1984?
They hope that I will tell them that it was the fight against the new constitu-
tion. But I tell them that this was not so. I think that we returned their
dignity to the people. And some of them do not understand what that means.

I think that you can understand this only if you have been involved in a
situation of repression and if you witnessed how the people began to upgrade
their human dignity. When the people begin to think that this current system
is not invincible, then we can challenge it and then we can win. I always
told the people that in connection with the UDF elections throughout the year:
this is what happened and you made it happen.

Question: Do you think that the press in general continues to be very committed
to the centric-governmental analysis in analyzing South Africa?

("Within the most progressive groups inside the white community, for example,
among youth, there is the idea that they do not want to be drafted into an army
that is essentially an instrument for defending apartheid.")

Boesak: A large segment of the press sees South Africa from the white view-
point and does not understand that the dynamics have changed in essence, If
they really want to understand what is happening then they have to see South
Africa from the black viewpoint. But that is yery difficult for many journal-
ists, even black journalists because of years and years and years and years of
white repression. This is why they find it difficult to analyze our viewpoint.
But if they do the exact opposite, they are going to have a completely different
view of the situation.

Question: What was your initial reaction to the inyitation to go to Mozambique
and what is your opinion on this visit?

120



JPRS-SSA- 85-040

13 May 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA

Exhibit of Soviet Books Inaugurated
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 26 Feb 85)..cccccccevcccccccccsccecsees

Soviet Writer Completes Visit to Angola
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Feb 85)..ccccccccceccccccccccecccees

Diplomatic Relations With Uruguay Contemplated :
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 6 Mar 85)...sccccccccccecccccccccsccese

Activities of Kwanza-Norte Party Youth Described
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Feb 85). .ccccccccccccccccccccecscecs

Political Commissars' Meeting Analyzes Ideological Work
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Mar 85)..eccceceeece

OMA Participates in Revolutionary Tasks in Kwanza—Norte
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Mar 85)...ccccccccccccccvcccecccecees

Cubans Opposing Castro May Join FNLA
(O DIA, 15 Mar 85)......

UNITA Releases Portuguese, Other Hostages
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 17 Mar 85)..cscccscccvcccvccccccccees

Increased Cooperation With GDR Praised by Minister
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 20 Mar 85)....cccccccvccccccccccscceace

Huila Provincial Commissar Visits Gambos Municipality
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Feb 85)..ccccccccccccccccccececcsees

Former FNLA-COMIRA Members Surrender for Reintegration
(Ezequiel Francisco; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 Mar 85)..ceeeeeee

10

1l

13



ROAD REPAIR=-With the completion last Saturday of the temporary bypass, traffic
has been reopened to light and heavy vehicles on National Highway No 1, in

the Palmeira zone of Manica Province, reports a source in the department of
Highways and Bridges. According to the informant, the rebuilding of the high-
way for the normal circulation of light and heavy vehicles will take more time.
However, the traffic congestion on the Palmeira and Incoluane sides, awaiting
passage, has been cleared up, even though the repair work is continuing.

The flooding of the Incomati River and its tributaries in the south of the
country has caused major damage to bridges, highways and rail lines, as well
as vast farm areas, leading the Mozambican Government to ask the international
community for funding to repair those infrastructures. [Excerpt] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 8] 6362

FINLAND SUSPENDS AID PROJECT -- Finland suspended an aid project to Mozambique
estimated at $10 million due to the intensification of RENAMO (Mozambique
National Resistance) operations in the country's north, according to a South
African radio broadcast yesterday which was picked up in Maputo.

The official South African broadcasting station, which quoted an unidentified
official from the Finnish Foreign Affairs Ministry, reported that 25 technicians
from Finland, who were working at a port project in Nacala, had left the area
for an indefinite period of time due to the fact that they were under fire from
RENAMO last week. The Finnish project was aimed at increasing the container
handling capacity of the port of Nacala in the province of Nampula. Again
according to the South African radio, RENAMO Secretary-General Evo Fernandes
said in Paris that he would not resume negotiations with the authorities in
Maputo unless they accept the principle of holding general elections in the
country. According to the South African radio, Evo Fernandes noted that
negotiations are currently in progress on the possibilities of a dialogue
between RENAMO and FRELIMO and that the representatives of his organization,
which opposes the regimeof President Samora Machel, are maintaining contact
with South African authorities. /Text/ /Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese
6 Mar 85 p 28/ 5058

MAGIC GIVES MONEY FOR DEFENSE--MAGIC (Association for Solidarity with Mozambique,
Angola and Guinea) Tuesday morning, through AMASP [Mozambican Association of
Friendship and Solidarity with People] Secretary-General Abner Sansao
Muthemba, offered a check in the amount of [illegible number in original;
possibly 22,000.00] MI [meticals] to boost the country's defense capacity.
The check was handed over by MAGIC coordinator Paul Jeankins [as published].
During the ceremony, Paul Jeankins said that MAGIC will continue its solidarity
with the country's people until final victory against armed banditry. "We
hope that the year 1985 will be the year of victories and peace which the
Mozambican people need so much," said Paul Jeankins. Next, AMASP Secretary-
General Abner Sansao Muthemba expressed his thanks for the offer and said:
"This is not the first time that MAGIC has been helping us. We admit that

the English cooperants are working in our country not because they cannot get
any jobs in their own homeland but as a gesture of solidarity with the
Mozambican people." The check will be handed over to the party which will
pass it on to its final destination. In the meantime, AMASP also received

aid from the American Friends Service Committee amount to about 12 tons of
miscellaneous clothing which will be distributed initially, according to the
secretary-general, in the various enterprises in the country's capital as

well as in some of the provinces. Earlier shipments have already been sent

by AMASP to the provinces of Cabo Delgado and Nampula. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 8] 5058

CSO: 3442/231 104,



Since this was not enough to explain the failure of Incomati, a "Portuguese
component" of RENAMO was created and puffed up which supposedly was eyen
represented on.the leyel of the Portuguese goyernment. This propaganda
operation, which was transformed inte a “political fact," did its job only
for a few months and today the only argument that looks new has.to do with
the presence of RENAMO members in Portugal.

The rather temporary idea of the "Portuguese component" was: abandoned not only
because it had been denounced in and by Lisbon’ but also because it was easily
recognized that the "South African component" is quite a bit stronger.

If there is any material support going to RENAMO, it has to be sought in
private South African organizations er among the community of Portuguese
origin coming from Mozambique and of course it would be ridiculous to identify
it with the Portuguese state. There will certainly be other forms of support,
especially in Europe (West Germany, for example), in the United States, and
also in Africa (for example, in Malawi).

With the "Portuguese component" now abandoned, the highest Mozambican instances
accused Pretoria of not complying with the provisions of the Incomati Accord
and the South African government found itself forced to recognize the support
going to RENAMO in the interior of its territory. It was at this moment that
the "Portuguese component" in effect came to be the "South African component."

Meanwhile, back in Mozambique, RENAMO extended its war zones, it blocked the
lines of communication and, even more important than this in politcal terms,
it began to strangulate the capital.

Foreign cooperation actions were severely hampered. The cooperants began to
concentrate in the big population centers and contracts were no longer renewed.
The Finnish government, which is very pragmatic in such matters, had no problems
in announcing this month that it would not finish a project in Nacala due to
the lack of security.

And so the peace promised at Incomati did not come. South African prestige
was also affected although the prestige factor neyer had any priority in Pretoria.

Economic Relations Harmed

While relations betwen Portugal and Mozambique did not improve politically this
year, the situation is certainly more difficult in the economic area, primarily
due to the domestic situation in Mozambique.

The finances and the economy of Mozambique, in general, are in such bad shape
that Portuguese credit institutions will find it difficult to give any more
export guarantees. Mozambican debts in this area come to $200 million.

Portugal is one of the first five creditors of Mozambique. In 1982, Maputo
interrupted the already postponed payments on obligations assumed toward
Portugal. During the past 3 years, debts continued to accumulate. If Mozambique
does not get any loans on other financial markets, Portuguese exports to

64



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

AGOSTINHO NETO UNIVERSITY GRADUATES FIRST 14 ARCHITECTS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Mar 85 p 2 i

{Article by architect Fragoso Daniel: “An Art and Construction Course 'Under
Construction'"]

[Text] On Saturday, 23 February, in a quiet ceremony in the premises of the
Ministry of Construction and Housing at the kilometer 14 marker on the Barra
do Kwanza Road, the first 14 architects to be trained at Agostinho Neto Uni~
versity received their diplomas.

The ceremony was attended by Lucio Lara, a member of the political bureau of
the party, University Rector Joao Filipe Martins, Minister of Construction
Jorge Flora, Vice Minister of Education for Basic Schooling Joaquim Matias,
Minister of Internal Trade Adriano Junior, and Maria Eugenia Neto, among other
leading figures.

Graduation day was marked by other activities prior to the ceremony at which
diplomas were presented to the graduates, the first time this has happened in
Angola, pursuant to a decision by the First University Council. Outstanding
among these activities were the "reconstruction race” and the interesting
exhibits of the work of the 14 finalists.

In the course of the symbolic but profoundly important ceremony, the 14
graduates, one of them serving as their spokesman, expressed their satisfac-
tion at the completion of the course and voiced their thanks for all of the
support received from our people and the party and everyone who, in one way or
another, contributed to their training.

Following the actual presentation of the diplomas by the leading figures
present, the university rector gave a brief speech in which he spoke of the
dedication of the university to the training of Angolan technicians, with
emphasis on the curriculum pursued by the 14 graduates. He also spoke of the
efforts which have been and will be pursued so that the spirit governing the
establishment of this course will continue and endure.

The graduation of the first Angolan architects represents a victory for our
people, since of the 14 graduates, two are military officers and 11 plan to

50



The source who provided this information also said that the efforts being
made in this respect are paralleled by the efforts made by the LAM which is
why it is believed that the present situation will be resolved by the end of
March.

5058
CSO: 3442/231

99



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

1985 MARKETING PROSPECTS FOR HUILA ENCOURAGING
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p3

[Text] Lubango--A total of 16,149.3 tons of various products, valued at
215,865,300 kwanzas, have been marketed by the Huila Domestic Trade Office.
This represents 47 percent fulfillment of the plan.

The provincial commission which released these figures at the conclusion of
its first 2-day session in this city added that, during the same period, the
Provincial Domestic Trade Office sold various goods to the peasants valued at
approximately 202,243,200 kwanzas.

During the marketing during 1984, 4 tons of meat valued at 25,487,000 kwanzas
were purchased, and goods of first necessity worth 22,700,000 kwanzas were
sold to the livestock suppliers, representing 34 percent fulfillment of the
plan.

While the marketing and distribution of products to the peasants in 1984 was
not entirely satisfactory, it was established at the session that positive
results were achieved. In some cases, specifically for truck garden crops,
beans and massango, anong other crops, the planned indices were even exceeded.

Among the main difficulties encountered were inadequacies in the available
transport capacity, diversification, and the quantities purchased for sale by
barter to the peasants.

The late delivery of products, insufficient replacement and spare parts for
vehicles, especially tires and batteries, oil and lubricants, and the limited
capacity of the province to respond to the need for repair of tertiary routes
providing access to direct marketing zones were other factors involved in the
marketing bottlenecks.

The meeting, which noted the failure of the food industry units to fulfill the
production plan, concluded that this was due to the lack of raw and other
materials, the continuing inactivity of the plants due to lack of the equip-
ment maintenance required because of their obsolete status, technical-material
supplies and a shortage of expert cadres.

However, despite the difficulties listed, the commission noted with satisfac—
tion that the liquor enterprises in Huila and Bebo-Huila, both engaged in the

2h



JPRS~SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

BENGO PROVINCE PREPARES FOR NEW FARM SEASON
luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 22 Mar 85 p 12

[Text] Caxito--A total of 5,330 hectares have been prepared for the planting
of various farm products this year, coffee, cassava, bananas and cotton, among
others, the provincial delegate of the Ministry of Agriculture in Bengo, Ramos
da Cruz, has told the ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY].

After stressing that the province of Bengo is rich in cassava, coffee, palm
oil, cotton and other subsistence crops, he said that last year, 2,104,715
tons of commercial coffee were harvested, while the banana~raising plan was
120 percent fulfilled in Icau, 80 percent in Libongos and 51 percent in Tabia,
totaling 1,200,2 [sic] tons.

In addition to the products included within the two plans (normal and emerg-
ency), 121 tons, including 83.5 of palm oil, nine of tomatoes, nine of
coconuts, 3.5 of pork and 16 of other truck garden crops, were also marketed
last year.

In connection with forest production, the plan calling for 15,000 cubic meters
of timber was only 20 percent fulfilled, the nonfulfillment being due to the
political-military situation in the province between the month of August 1984
and the present. The lack of sawmills in the province of Bengo also contrib-
uted to the bottleneck in the production and marketing of lumber.

When asked about the fulfillment of the prospects for 1985, this spokesman
said that the steps needed in this connection have been taken. For example,
labor tools have already been distributed to enterprises in the state and
cooperative sectors and peasant associations in the province. In a discussion
of the distribution of meat in the province, this official said that last
year, 350,840 tons of frozen meat were distributed to the population in the
province of Bengo. On the other hand, he expressed regret that the quantity
delivered fell short of the consumer demand.

Moreover, the lack of premises in which the structures of the Provincial
Office of the Ministry of Agriculture in the province of Bengo could operate,
the shortage of farm workers, particularly climbers for the palm plantations,
and field workers, the shortage of machinery and the systematic lack of spare
parts for their repair were the main difficulties noted by Ramos da Cruz.

20



done in the transportation and communications field in §ofala, the proyincial
manager, Domingos. Fernandes, announced yesterday. In addition: tq. the selection
of workers for training courses, tighter control.oyer materials by’ the sector's
enterprises is heing ebseryed at this moment. Manager Domingos Fernandes later
on spoke of the sector's need to become more invelyed in tasks haying to do
with the war, noting in this connection that “without goed logistic support
(where transportation and communications playa fundamental role), one cannot
make war." The war_plan of the DPTCS. /Provincial Department of Transportation
and Communicationg?/, which has not yet been drafted, is considering actions
that will have priority over all other activities. In response to answers

from newsmen, our source said that the TTA /Air Transport and Utility/ enter-
prise has suspended passenger transportation at this time and is completely
available for wartime requirements. He expressed thé hope that some of the
units that are currently not operational will be able to fly again if the
recovery now in the works is achieved with the cooperation of: the’ neighboring
country of Zimbabwe. We will come back to this subject in greater detail, first
of all taking up the question of the taxicabs which Domingos Fernandes considered
a hot potato in the sector's hands. /Text/ /geira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in
Portuguese 14 Mar 85 p 15/ 5058

CLOTHING FROM CHINA--Yesterday morning, Tuesday, the Chinese People's Asso-
ciation for Friendship With Foreigners made a gift, through the AMASP
[Mozambican Association for Friendship and Solidarity With the Peoples], of

10 containers of assorted clothing for the victims of natural catastrophes.
The gift was presented by the Chinese ambassador to our country, Wang Hao.
The Chinese gift comes within the context of the deepening relations of
friendship and solidarity between the two friendship associations. At the
ceremony during which the gift was presented, the Chinese ambassador said that
friendly relations did not begin with this gesture of solidarity, but date
back to the days of the national liberation struggle, with the assistance of
the FRELIMO. "The Chinese people have concerned themselves with helping the
brotherly people of Mozambique to overcome the difficulties they face, mainly
in this period of a serious clothing shortage." The Chinese diplomat voiced
the conviction that the people of Mozambique, led by the FRELIMO Party, will
win the battle against hunger. A. Carim Vazirna, a member of the AMASP
Secretariat, thanked the Chinese people in turn, through their ambassador, for
this act of solidarity, and he noted that this is not the first gift made by
the Chinese Friendship Association to our country. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 27 Mar 85 p 8] 5157

ENACOMO EMPLOYEES ARRESTED-~Two high-ranking officials of the ENACOMO were
arrested following the investigation carried out by the criminal police in
connection with the destruction of 1400 tons of sugar at the Maputo Goods
Station, a police source told NOTICIAS yesterday. According to this source,
after the initial investigation pursued by the PIC [Criminal Investigation
Police], “it was established that two high officials in the ENACOMO bore sub-
stantial criminal responsibility." The identity of the two enterprise offi-
cials now in custody was not revealed. The 1400 tons of sugar which were
spoiled by rainfall last February were intended for export, and were stored in
bulk at the Goods Station of the CFM [Mozambique Railroad]-South enterprise in
the Mahotas area. The officials now in custody were brought before the Maputo
City People's Court yesterday for the trial of their case. [Text] [Maputo
NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Mar 85 p 1] 5157

103



The ENEMEL, which has 11 production units, one of which (FANCOL) is located in
Viana, and 912 workers, 60 of them women, sells its products to various enter-
prises and bodies with which it has signed contracts.

Last year, the ENEMEL, which fulfilled 80 percent of the goals set, could not
reach all of the previously established indices because of bottlenecks which
developed in the supply of raw materials, and constant interruptions in the
electricity supply.

According to Antonio Neves dos Santos, the ENEMEL has provided the minimal
social conditions needed by the workers. Each production unit has a dining
room which provides daily meals.

As to the party and trade union structures, the production units have func-

tional structures, and relations among the administration, trade union and
party are good.

5157
Cso: 3442/214

32



control over the situation. Therefore I believe that one can say without hesi-
tation that, at this moment, the initiatiye is firmly in the hands of those
who fight against the government and against its policy of "apartheid."

Question: Do you believe that there is a.possibility that what happened
during the 1960's might happen again today, specifically, that the imprisonment
of the leaders in the struggle could once again create a vacuum in this struggle?

Boesak: Well, the government tried to do that. Hundreds of persons have been
arrested since 20 August of last year. The government sends its forces to the
funerals where they arrest 500, 600, and even 900 persons. This is an incredible
procedure. Almost three quarters of the UDF leaders have already gone through
the prisons.

But there were two factors that forced the administration to release them.
First of all, in spite of the fact that the leaders are under arrest, popular
resistance to the government continued. In second place, due to this continu-
ation of resistance, there were foreign pressures on the government to release
the leaders.

Of course, the government can once again begin to arrest the leaders. But I
do not believe that this will have the same effect as it had during the 1960's
or during the early 1970's.

Question: When the Nkomati Accord was signed, the reaction by various sectors
involved’ in theanti-apartheid struggle in South Africa was the even greater
determination to continue the fight against the government. What was your
reaction?

Boesak: You can say that any action by the government, regardless of whether
that involves Nkomati or the visit to Europe, or the dispatch of 7,000 soldiers
to the black districts, every action has the effect of provoking even greater
determination on the part of the people.

In the beginning, there was big disappointment about Nkomati. But the govern-
ment of Mr Botha began to realize that, in the final analysis, it is not the
foreign events that matter. In the final analysis, it is we who matter, it is
our struggle and our determination that will determine the steps in the struggle.
Therefore, what you say is essentially true.

Question: Tribalism -- or ethnicity -- was always an instrument of division
that was used by the government. Do you think that tribalism is still a
negative factor as far as the struggle is concerned? Or do you think that it
is more in the nature of propaganda by the regime rather than reality?

Boesak: It is both things, it is part reality and part government propaganda.
I think that one must honestly say that the South African government has managed

to divide our people very successfully on the basis of tribalism. The most
obvious result of this, the biggest success, is the policy of bantustans.



It was previously believed that the areas located in South and West Africa
are much too far for the Soviet Union to be able to embark on large-scale
military operations there. However, the Soviet foothold in Ethiopia

has proven the contrary because now the matter is simply one of easily
transporting military supplies from Ethiopia. Such supplies. can be
easily transported from the Soviet Union to Ethiopia. Moreover, these
supplies are used to train destructive elements from all parts of the
world in Ethiopia where there are countless camps run by the Soviets and
their followers and offering military and paramilitary training courses

to dissidents from Sudan, Somalia, Yemen, Kanya and other countries. Thus,
Ethiopia hosts at present trainees from Indonesia, Thailand, Oman, North
Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, the Maghreb countries and other countries

in black Africa.

The Soviet Union is at the center of affairs in Ethiopia and its influence
over the Marxist military there reaches the point of control.

The Soviet Union stood with Ethiopia, the country with the bigger area
and with the greater strategic importance, against a former Soviet ally,
namely Somalia, in the 1977-78 Ogaden war. The continued survival of the
DERG in power relies on the strong presence of the Soviet Union and its
followers, especially Cuba. There are currently more than 13,000 Cubans,
9,000 of them combat soldiers, an 2,300 Soviets, including 1,500
soldiers, in Ethiopia. Moscow has sold Ethiopia weapons valued at more
than $3 billion in the past 6 years, thus leading to a debt burden that
puts the country under the Kremlin's control. There are also in Ethiopia
thousands of East Germans and other advisers from the other Soviet bloc
countries. They manage security and the military units under Soviet
supervision.

The Ethiopian Army is the biggest one in black Africa. This army has
300,000 men and is equipped with 900 field tanks, with complete guns,

with 1,500 armored and light personnel carriers, with 70 Mig-21 and Mig-23
fighter planes and with 16 MA~14 assault helicopters, all of which are
Russian made.

The Soviets have also supplied Red Army technicians and poison gas
supplies that have been used against the Eritrean fighters.

But despite this military might, the Ethiopian Army has not been able

to achieve any progress against a modest force of Eritrean revolutionaries.
Ethiopia has failed to subjugate the revolutionaries despite launching

six successive offensives during the dry seasons. The fighting has

been escalating in Tigre and Sidamo provinces,

Somalia, which used.to be tied to the Soviet Union by a friendship
treaty until the Soviets abandoned it in 1977, is still under the con-
trol of a revolutionary military regime which assumed power under Soviet
protection. But Somalia's political and economic stability is exposed
to danger because of the recurrent attacks launched against it by the
Ethiopian Marxist military regime and as a result of the devastated
economy-—an economy devastated in part by Moscow's ceaseless pressures
to establish a Marxist system in the years prior to 1977,

56



which markets would be open later on. It would be more reasonable to give
promises of assistance to the. future government, however it turns out to be,
without major publicity and therefore without excessive expectations, but
to bind this promise to the proviso that the future government guarantee
adherence to the basic rights and democratic principles to which all of the
parties, including SWAPO, pledged themselves. Should this in fact happen,
then substantial German aid payments as well as establishment of a "Namibia
fund" would be possible.

Inthe meantime, the view in Windhoek is that the "Multiparty Conference,"
to which most of the country's "internal parties" belong, will be transformed
into a constitutional convention within the next few weeks. Already since
the end of last year, the rumor goes, three South African legal specialists
(of which at least one has the reputation of being solidly "liberal") have
been working on a draft constitution.

At the same time, a central government is supposed to be reconstituted,
which government would be in a position to assume executive duties from
Pretoria and from the administrator-general dispatched by South Africa; its
chairman, it is speculated, could turn out to be Moses Kat jiuongua.
Katjiuongua is president of the South-West African National Union (SWANU),
which aside from SWAPO is the country's oldest resistance movement.
Supposedly, according to the weekly magazine NAMIBIA NACHRICHTEN, there are
already discussions regarding the distribution of ministerial portfolios.
The Multiparty Conference had set an ultimatum for year's end and allowed

it to pass; if substantial progress on the road to independence had not been
registered by that time, it had intended to begin negotiations with Pretoria
on its own initiative which could lead to a unilateral (and therefore not
recognized by foreign countries, except South Africa) "declaration of
independence."

12412
CsO: 3420/42

110



Relations between the district's actiyist group and the chairman of. the general
assembly, considered to be the very best, by yirtue of the bend between the
partners and workers ard that political institution, began to deteriorate

at the end of 1981 and the "Ngulele" management: commission began to look less and
less qualified.

The crisis which began to arise developed to such a point that the GD dynamic
impetus group/ was separated from the events that were taking place in the
cooperative.

The lack of coordination among the: commission's members, the arbitrary firing
of workers, the failure to keep accounts and to check on products sold and those
that were in stock, corruption, both sexual and material, and the personal
ambitions of Ngulele and his company are among the bad things that were de-
nounced by the members of that social-economic establishment during their
special general meeting.

1982: Start of Investigation

To determine the reasons for the decline in the quality of work done, which
began to emerge in the cooperative, an investigation commission was formed to |
survey the general situation. This work began two and a half years ago. |

The initial results of the investigating commission included a report as to

the lack of courtesy of workers with respect to their partners, opportunism

on the part of management commission members whén it came to scarce products,
such as, for example, clothing, chickens, shoes, among other things, a survey
on goods that were not paid’ for, permission for outsiders to gain access to the
cooperative (friends and relatives).

Benjamim Ngulele, chairman of the ousted management commission, each week took
four cases of beer and sold bread diverted from the cooperative for 45,000
meticals as compared to a legal price of 5.00 meticals each.

The practice of fetishism and obscurantism in the cooperative, physical punish-
ment (beatings) for members who were considered disobedient when they demanded
their rights, and miscellaneous love affairs -- these were also mentioned during
the general assembly as bad things done by Ngulele, "a powerful man."

The situation of the restlessness that prevailed in that social-economic
establishment became worse when a celebration was held to mark the fifth
anniversary of its founding on 2 August 1982,

An amount of 1,744,612.50 meticals was spent, according to data from the ousted
management commission, to hold that celebration.

That money was used to purchase 1,000 cases of beer and 250 coolers. Besides,
913,500.00 meticals were spent on catered food from the Meal Factory.

The festivities were rounded out with products intended for the partners, worth
445,946.50 meticals, in addition to 141,928.00 meticals spent on transportation.

74



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

NAMIBE HOTEL INDUSTRY SHOWING IMPROVEMENT
luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Feb 85 p 3
[Article by Hortencio Sebastiao: "HMPROTEL Improves Services Provided"]

[Text] Namibe--The situation in the hotel industry in the province of Namibe
shows substantial improvement, resulting from the establishment of conditions
favorable to rendering efficient service and serving the public.

Given this situation, the work of the EMPROTEL is positive both in terms of
facilities available and the organizational life at the enterprise, with both
contributing to efficient operation.

At present the EMPROTEL has 10 hotel units, of which two are hotels, two are
residential facilities, three are boardinghouses, two are restaurants, and
one is an inn and tourist center (Montipa). They are distributed in the
municipalities of Namibe, Tombwa and Bibala. The EMPROTFL also controls

16 private bars and restaurants.

It currently has a work force of 327, and the installed capacity includes
something like 157 bedrooms with 230 beds, 238 tables and 807 chairs.

In fact, the Kalahari residential facility, recently rehabilitated, is a good
illustration of the advances made in the hotel sector in Namibe, because, it
is said, it has welcoming and well-ventilated rooms equipped with air condi-
tioning, a functional elevator, and, in brief, all the requirements considered
essential for a five-star hotel.

In an interview granted to JORNAL DE ANGOLA, the provincial director,
Norberto Pimentel, began by saying that "significant steps have already been
taken toward improvements in the services offered the people, both with regard
to lodging and food, although there is a new administration which has been in
operation only a little more than 6 months.

"As a primary activity," the director of the EMPROTEL went on to say, "some.
units which were in a regrettable state of decay have undergone major repairs,
and the work on the Kalahari residential facility and the Nautico restaurant
has now been completed."

26



Finally, studying abroad means working far away from one's family and the
beloved fatherland. It is a sacrifice and a heavy responsibility that must

be withstood by those who, without’ forgetting the fatherland, are learning
science and technology far removed from the reality that is awaiting their
knowledge. Mozambique is an underdeveloped country, but’ this reality does

not give us the comfort of standing by idly, waiting for conditions that

will make it possible to train all the necessary cadres, now and in the future,
even though it may be to transform that very reality.

4nd this is the occasion to pay tribute to the countries helping us in this
nonetheless difficult battle. Obviously, heading a substanttal list are our
natural allies, the Socialist countries, not just because they are housing
the largest number of our students abroad, but also, and most particularly,
because of the fact that they have trodden the same path (although, in most
instances, with longer steps), aspiring to the same goals as we.

This is not a report on statistics, a denial which, nevertheless, does not
prevent us from stating that there are now thousands of Mozambican youths

who have been trained or are being trained in the USSR, Great Britain, the
GDR, China, France, Bulgaria, Cuba, Hungary and other countries, some of which
have been African.

What is claimed hereabouts is sad but true: We are not yet capable of solving
the problem of utilizing cadres. Many young people trained either in native
schools or abroad are not even able to find their own position. Others wait
for slow, inexplicable bureaucratic processes in order to join the services.

This is a situation which entitles us to ask certain questions, such as:

In what kind of a country are we? On the one hand, a torrent of. complaints
among all sectors of economic social and cultural life in the country, owing
to the lack of cadres; and, on the other, an annoying under-utilization or
even alienation of those existing in rather small numbers who -are, ‘moreover,
youth of the future.

2909
CSO: 3442/213

92



incentives for the recruitment of the traditional midwives, increasing and
controlling literacy within the OMA, recruiting members for advanced political-
ideological training in the party schools, as well as creating groups

capable of engaging in a bread indoctrination effort in worker and peasant
sectors with a view to the massive involyement of women in socially useful
work.

It will also be necessary to create legal council sections in the base centers
where women can be helped and guided as to the way in which they can solve
their problems relating to the exercise of their rights. The OMA literacy
training clubs as well as the motherhood brigades will be revitalized.

Keeping track of the work. of the base organizations is considered a priority
task.

Provincial People's Assembly

In the meantime, the legislative body of the province of Kwanza-Norte, which
is to meet today and tomorrow in this city, to make a critical analysis of
the current social-economic situation of the province as well as the
political-military situation of the region, postponed its meeting until 21
and 22 March.

The decision of this highest government body in the province, according to its
secretary, Manuel Muhongo (Tongea), is due to the fact that the report from
the provincial commissariat, which is an important document to be submitted
to the meeting, has not yet been discussed and approved by the local
government, nor has it been ratified by the party's provincial directorate.

5058
CSO: 3442/223



When the celebration was oyer, the large yolume ef products left over was
distributed to the officials of the “celebration committee" which was considered

an insult by the majority of. the members.
Otside Individuals Inyolved in Scandal

The thousands of people who were present at the’ meeting noted the complicity of
individuals outside the cooperative, more specifically, as regards the diversion
of products.

More obvious cases pointing to the involvement of outsiders in the cooperative's
internal affairs for example are the presence of Messrs Magaia and Maculuve, of
the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Rosita and Anifa, of the Supply Organization
Office of the City of Maputo.

The meeting participants said that when Benjamim Moises Ngulele had to go to
the GDR to take a course in cooperative management, he turned the management
of the store over to Magaia and Maculuye secretly since they are not even
members.

With the help of these individuals, Ngulele held receptions in his home. These
festivities were stocked with food products diverted from the cooperative.

Upon his return from the GDR, Ngulele was honored at a dinner in his own home,
prepared by Magaia and Maculuve who, in turn, displayed the bad qualities of
Ngulele in order to pilfer goods and eat their food in peace in the Malhangalene
cooperative.

A report read during the general assembly meeting notes that the management
commission made improper use of the cooperative's funds. It was unfair when it
came to wages and it issued Decree~Law 4/80 and failed to follow price policies;
it was noted-that one and the same article might have two prices at different
sales outlets.

Situation

It is known that the banking situation of the Malhangalene cooperative, which
was in a state of catastrophic disorder, revealed wide discrepancies in the
handling of finances.

In 1983, the cooperative deposited small amounts as compared to the earnings.
But the exact opposite happened the next year. We can thus deduce that there
must have been somebody in 1983 who took the money in order, in 1984, to deposit
it again, perhaps alerted by some individual as to the approach of danger in
the form of the inyestigation,

The investigation commission found out that, instead of the 1,744,612.50 meticals,
which the ousted management commission wanted to show to its partners, as balance
for the fifth-anniversary celebration, it actually cost 2,050,760.00 meticals,

so that there is no justification for the amount of 1,286,831.50 meticals.

vp)



to transport (remove) fish; which will mean relieving the fishing vessels
from this activity.

Paulo Saiene noted: "The boat 'Chiloane' has the capacity to.do all the work
involved in transporting fish from the production zones, provided it is not
diverted to other activities."

However, he added: "Right now I cannot tell when the boat will be leaving to
carry out that work. We don't yet have information on the volume of cargo
existing in the regions where the fishing is going on, except by request.

But for the present we are considering making a contract with PESCOM for that
purpose."

The director also said that, if the province does not. have cargo to warrant
the boat "Chiloane" remaining totally engaged in activity, it may be able,
depending on the need, to carry cargo from other provinces, for example,
making trips to Chinde (Zambezia). :

2909
CSO: 3442/213

81



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH URUGUAY CONTEMPLATED
Luanda JORNAL Di ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Mar 85 p 1

[Text] Montevideo-~In the course of this weekend, Angola and Uruguay dis-
cussed the need for rapid activitation of the mechanisms needed to establish
diplomatic relations between the two countries.

This consensus was reached during a meeting Uruguayan Minister of Foreign
Affairs Enrique Iglesias had with Angolan Minister of Planning Lopo do
Nascimento.

The African leader spent 5 days in Montevideo, where he represented the
Angolan government at the ceremonies held to inaugurate President Julio Maria
Sanguinetti.

He also took the opportunity to hold a series of meetings with the leaders of
the main Uruguayan parties, to whom he provided information on the current
situation existing in Angola and in southern Africa in general.

Lopo do Nascimento departed Sunday for Buenos Aires.

“

5157
CSO: 3442/220



This development has led in the Federal Republic of Germany to thoughts of
encouraging an economic policy initiative, even if -- in the opinion of

Bonn foreign policymakers -- a more active political role for Bonn does

not appear to be possible or desirable. Among delegates from the ruling
parties, but also among leading ex-politicians, convocation of a
"German-Namibian Economic Conference" is under consideration, which, starting
in a Black African country and ending in the Federal Republic, could possibly
lead to a kind of German "Marshall Plan" for Namibia. The goal of the
conference would be to determine the need for development funds and
investments (including private business) and to lay the groundwork for general
agreements and financing agreements. The substantial assistance payments
promised in such agreements would be provided beginning on the first day

of independence, regardless of who assumes rule in Windhoek.

German private companies are also to be persuaded to take part in the
conference, along with state-run German assistance institutions, the
representatives of Namibian parties and factions (strong representation by
SWAPO, including its exile group, at the conference is viewed as essential),
and the governments of the African "front-line states." It is hoped that
these companies will make concrete promises to invest in the country following
independence. Its initiators hope such a conference will bring about a
political and economic change in attitude in South-West Africa. This would
be the best way of bridging the waiting period, they say; simultaneously,

it could also be a way of establishing a more active role for the Germans
in African policy. Namibia could possibly develop into an intermediary
between white-ruled South Africa and the African front-line states and be
tied to both by means of a customs union. Finally, the proponents of such
an economic conference hope to use massive German economic involvement to
move SWAPO, as a presumed future government, towards a policy of bloc~
neutrality and thereby to stabilize the region: SWAPO would probably prefer
neither the United States nor South Africa as dominant foreign economic
partners. Such stabilization could in turn induce Pretoria to give up its
obstructionary resistance against the granting of independence. A further,
unspoken aim of such a conference, a hundred years after the Congo Conference
in Berlin, is apparently to again show a greater German presence in Africa,
and, particularly in its former colony of South-West Africa, "to pay homage
to its policy, in view of an (internal) guideline sent to German diplomatic
posts abroad by the Foreign Office directing that as little mention as
possible be made of the 100-year remembrance of the Congo Conference.

The objection to such a conference is that it could in fact provide a "media
event," but would possibly be doomed as a "grand failure." That could
hinder Bonn's African policy for some time. Budgetary law makes it difficult
to promise assistance payments for an indeterminate period of time (following
independence). It is in no way certain whether SWAPO and the front-line
states would be willing to participate. It is not very realistic, they say,
to expect private business to give assurances of investments without knowing
what kind of economic system and economic policy an independent Nimibia would
follow. Namibia's infrastructure offers too little, the market is too small
for investments of any noticeable extent, especially if one doesn't know

109



no other one to do the work of purchasing, backing the professional fishermen
with necessary equipment, removal and other fishing activities, this action
is being taken more gradually, in accordance with the complex's development,
and this enterprise (PESCOM) will be engaged solely in marketing, which is
its specialty.

As our reporter was told by the director who was interviewed, PESCOM has been
contributing considerably to this. area, even though the volume of work is
large, and it is not equipped to undertake the entire gamut of activities.

In connection with the removal of fish, Paulo Saiene remarked: "Of course,

the complex will be assigned two wooden boats to make it possible to transport
fish from the areas with difficult access to another boat, including Inharingue
and Marrobanhe, among others."

Experiments to Catch First-Grade Fish

The director of the fishing complex also disclosed that during a second phase,
this enterprise would carry out experiments to catch first-grade fish, such
as shark, oysters and other species existing in the Chiloane waters.

However, Paulo Saiene claimed: "I cannot tell you when either phase will begin.
First, we shall do the work that is possible. The fact is that our ‘contact
with the district authorities marked the initial step in our activities; for

at least weshall leave someone in charge of the future complex station."

According to the speaker, experiments to catch first-grade fish are possible.
He gave the example of the Maria River, claiming that, "up until now there
has been shark fishing." He also noted that the work will depend largely on
the material facilities.

Nevertheless, Paulo Saiene remarked: "Insofar as drying fish is concerned,
there will not be any major obstacles, since the Faroua~Ah Heng ‘facilities
are still equipped. It will only be necessary to purchase fish and start
working."

In this connection, he said that it is also the task of the complex here in
Chiloane to purchase the accompanying fauna from the other shrimp boats for
the sector, using the existing facilities.

When asked whether the fishing experiments will be carried out only by the
complex or include the professional fishermen, Paulo Saiene remarked that, at
first, this would be done by the fishing enterprise. Depending on the progress
of the work, it may be possible to expand, including the professional fisher-
men. For this work, he said, "We also have the backing of some foreign techni-
cians. It is an experiment that will depend greatly on the results accrued."

719



JPRS-SSA~85-040
13 May 1985

NAMIBIA

IMPROVED WATER SUPPLY, MINING SPUR ECONOMIC HOPES

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
7 Mar 85 p 2

[Article by ff.: "Namibia Counting On Economic Revival; Dams Again Have More
Water -- Large Gold Deposits Allegedly Discovered"]

[Text] Cape Town -- Although at about 10 percent the 1984 inflation rate in
Namibia was 3 percent lower than that of South Africa, the economy of the
country on the threshold of the hoped for independence had one of the most
difficult years ever. According to the president of the Chamber of Industry
and Trade in Windhoek, many firms were forced to close, unemployment rose
alarmingly, budget revenues of 967 million rands (1 rand equals about DM 1.78)
stood in constrast to expenditures of 1,177 million rands, economic aid and
defense expenditures for Namibia by Cape Province amounted to 1,143 million
rands, and the country's central administration made borrowings equal to

180 million rands in order to cover the deficit.

In contrast to South Africa, Namibia is now expecting something of an upswing
in 1985. To begin with, real savings of 5 percent are planned for the
administrative budget, at a level of 600 million rands this should produce
about 30 million rands; furthermore, public service employees committed
themselves to work 2 1/2 hours more per week without compensation. As early
as the end of 1984, prices for karakul pelts rose sharply; with empty shelves
the severe European winter should be very beneficial for sales in 1985.
Colored pelts, expert sources say, are especially in demand.

Based on fishing industry studies, quite substantially larger catches of
sardines for canning, hake, and rock lobsters are predicted for 1985, whereas
a continued scarcity of anchovies and mackerel is anticipated. In 1984,
sardine processing operations produced 806,000 (1983: 772,000) 48-can cartons.
Sales of lobster from the Luederitz Bay fishing grounds amounted to

38 million rands in 1984, greater catches along the coast as far as Cape
Town could be possible in 1985 causing export values to shoot upwards with
rising prices. Japan is the buyer for cooked lobster, in the case of frozen
lobster tails almost exclusively the United States. A new product, dried
and cleaned eelgrass, was processed by the firm Taurus Chemicals in Luederitz
Bay, with 1,000 tons shipped to Japan.

105



cannot suddenly stop when there are difficulties, and one must be receptive
to innovations, was the conclusion in their responses. Their teacher could
only confirm this: "They study diligently, they are happy, and it is a joy
to teach them."

The young people speak enthusiastically about a trip to the Harz mountains,
and a lovely spot halfway up the mountain where their present residence is
also located, in Wernigerode. They have also had friendship meetings with
the GDR citizens. Together with boys and girls from a school in Ilsenburg,
near Wernigerode, they celebrated the anniversary of the GDR Pioneers Organi-
zation. A poster made by the Mozambicans and decorated with stamps of
Mozambique, representing their fatherland, was well received by the Pioneers,

A first contact with a ship was also one of the unforgettable adventures of

thé Mozambicans. With a smile, they also mention their "favorite woman" in
Wernigerode: the mail:carrier. Each day, they wait anxiously hoping that she
will bring more news from the fatherland. Incidentally, they say that recently
they have also been speaking in the German language to each other, so as to
improve their knowledge of the language.

In particular, they have developed good relations with the Cubans and Nicara-
guans participating in the course. Besides the learning, social activity
unites the young people. They hold regular discussions of political events
in their fatherlands and the world, and they take part in acts of solidarity,
especially with Ethiopia, with the liberation movements in Southern Africa and
with Nicaragua.

This month, their travel is anticipated. The Mozambican friends will, after
the course, begin their professional training in Stralsund (in the northern
part of the GDR) and in Johanngeorgenstade (in the southern part of the GDR).
The Nicaraguans will take their training in Rostock (close to the Baltic Sea)
as workers specializing in transmissions; while the Cubans will have a profes—
sional apprenticeship in a musical instrument enterprise in Markneukirchen, a
center for that branch of industry in the GDR.

The Academy of Socialist Economic Management in Wernigerode, whose main tasks
consists of improving economic management cadres from the Magdeburg district
and training young cadres, began the language training 11 years ago. In the
meantime, nearly 1,400 foreigners from various Asian, African and Latin
American countries have been trained, with instruction or improvement in
various professions. Young people now working in their native lands, for
example, as midwives, tailors, printers, electricians, cabinetmakers or high
seas fishermen, learned the German language at Wernigerode.

The center for linguistic training at the Academy of Socialist Economic Manage-
ment is one of the oldest and most experienced schools in the GDR, in that
field. Its German language courses, geared toward future careers, have been
and are receiving international recognition. Hence, this institution was award-
ed the "Order of Friendship," one of the highest honors of the Socialist Repub-
lic of Vietnam, in 1979.

2909

CsO: 3442/213



which follows the Russians. Moreover, Libya and the Soviet Union are
on the verge of concluding a friendship treaty, according to an official
statement issued by the Kremlin. All these arrangements have military
dimensions that give the Soviets the right to acquire bases in the
countries concluding these treaties.

8494
cso: 3404/5



JPRS-SSA-85~-040
13 May 1985

ETHIOPIA

POLITICAL PROGRAM OF ETHIOPIAN PEOPLES' DEMOCRATIC ALLIANCE .
Cairo AL-WAHDAH in Arabic 15 Feb 85 pp 4-5

[Article: "AL-WAHDAH Publishes Text of Political Program of Ethiopian
Peoples' Democratic Alliance"]

[Text] The foothold which the Soviet Union has been able to gain in East
Africa at a high price is an important factor in observing a number of
its strategic objectives, the most important of which are the following
two objectives:

1. Getting to the oil sources in the final decade of this century, i.e.,
when local Soviet oil resources diminish.

2. Controling the social changes in the Islamic countries of the Gulf in
this period when the number and political awareness of the non-Russian
population of the Soviet Union have been increasing.

Insofar as the first objective is concerned, the Soviet Union is committed
to supplying oil products to the Comecon countries--the Communist
countries' common market~-which are almost completely devoid of oil
resources of their own so as to insure their industrial development

and survival. The expectations indicate that with increased industrial
capability in the 1990's, the Soviet satellite countries will need
greater quantities of Soviet oil whose production is faced with enormous
problems. Even at present, oil production in the northern areas has
begun to decline because the oil deposits have to be found deeper and
deeper below ground level. In some cases, steam has to be injected to
increase the pressure and raise the oil to higher levels, which makes

it possible to pump this oil out. The source of this steam is timber.
Despite the presence of thousands of acres of forest land in the Soviet
Union, the cost of felling trees and transporting them to the oil sites
is an important factor.

The Soviets are well aware that they may be forced, if they want to
fulfill their commitments to their allies and meet their vast oil needs,
to turn to the Gulf and Middle East oil sources. This will put them in
the position of competitors with the current consumers of this oil. When
the Soviets turn to the oil sources, one of the means of pressure at their
disposal will be their military strength in the area.

54



In order to minimize the shortages of goods of first necessity being exper-
ienced by the people, the highest ranking official in Uige province announced
an increase in food supplies to the people. He appealed to the peasants in
Buengas to increase rural production, not only for their own subsistence but
for marketing in the rural sector as well,

To this end, he issued a challenge to the farm association, promising that the
peasants who produce more will receive greater technical-material support.

This decision, the provincial commissar of Uige explained, falls within the
principles of socialist emulation in the rural sector. The words spoken by
Zeferino Estevao Juliana were received by the people with applause and cheers.
The peasants pledged themselves to increased farm production.

New horizons are opening up in the province of Uige. The process of reinte-
grating the people who have returned and the former members of the defunct
FNLA-COMIRA who are surrendering daily represents yet another victory for the
Angolan people and the policy of the MPLA-Labor Party.

All of those who were deceived by the reactionary domestic policy and who
regret their evil conduct can return to the country, can abandon the jungle to
live in peace and harmony with all of the Angolan people.

But those who continue to engage in acts of banditry and terrorism against the

defenseless people will pay dearly for their crimes. The revolution will
triumph.

5157
cso: 3442/220

16



After further recommending that the National Human Resources Department speed
up the process of drafting the qualification criteria for the fishing sector,
the participants indicated the desirability of rationalizing foreign coopera-
tion through the use of domestic cadre requisitions.

At the meeting, a motion of support for the Central Committee of the party and
President Jose Eduardo dos Santos for their farsighted direction of the fate
of the nation was approved. It was further proposed that an effort be made to
implement the final conclusions of the First National Party Conference, and
to support the just liberation struggle of the peoples of Namibia and South
Africa, directed by the SWAPO and the ANC.

In his closing speech to the meeting, Antonio Burity set forth some considera-
tions about the functioning of the Department of Human Resources, with a view
to putting new dynamism into the work of the ministry.

This official added further that “the lack of control both of efficiency and
the productivity of the foreign labor force is yet another factor. And these
are the basic and elementary principles of the human resources activities,” he
said.

Antonio Burity further criticized "the fact that the coming and going and
uncontrolled entry of workers, in complete disregard of the existing legisla-
tion, has still not been ended, thus diverting the skilled labor force and
cadres to other sectors which are not basic. This situation is only possible
because the Department of Human Resources is not supervising the cadres in its
sector,” he said.

5157
cso: 3442/214

45



this province, more specifically in the locality of Montipa (municipality of
Bibala), which can also be used for therapeutic purposes, in particular the
treatment of skin diseases.

Where cadre training is concerned, the province has a technical school for the
training of nursing personnel in the maternity-infant, hospital, pharmaceutical
and laboratory specialties, within the framework of the cadre training policy
established by our vanguard party, the MPLA-Labor Party.

In this connection, it should be noted that 40 individuals completed their
nursing training in the various specialities mentioned in 1984.

With regard to preventive medicine, vaccination campaigns are held regularly.
For example, the doses required for the 7th campaign against poliomyelitis
were administered in 1984.

Moreover, according to the reports drafted at the end of last year by the
bodies pertaining to the health sector (provincial offices of the Ministry of
Health and the Angolan Red Cross), the shortage of medicines is the factor
causing greatest difficulties in providing the people with medical care, and
this is aggravated in the interior of the province by the shortage of doctors.
To this factor must be added undernourishment as well, along with dubious
sanitary conditions, as well as the lack of health education for a large per-
centage of the population. These factors have a determining influence on the
development of considerable numbers of pathological cases involving a group of
diseases which can be controlled, such as tuberculosis, malaria, acute diar-
rhea, etc.

A substantial part of the population is nomadic, and above all, the beliefs of
the people themselves also make it difficult to obtain the best results. It
is for this reason that the provincial health office says in its annual report
that in 1984, "the preventive medicine indices did not reach the desired
levels, because the implementation of the work in the sector will only be
possible when there is active participation on the part of all the people."
Notable among the other factors also directly affecting the health services
are the shortage of transport facilities in the rural zones, making it impos—
sible for the people to travel easily to the health centers, as well as the
lack of private attention to patients. As.a result there is recourse to
traditional medicine and the hospital facilities in other provinces, partic~
ularly Huila (Kalunquembe).

Therefore, if medical aid to the people is to be improved, and within the
framework of "health for all by the year 2000," it is necessary, among other
medical steps, to make regional use of the medical personnel available in the
basic specialties, with pediatricians, general practitioners and specialists
in gynecology and obstetrics making frequent trips to the municipal health
centers, along with the pursuit of programs for education in hygiene in the
rural sectors.

5157
CSO: 3442/220

49



JPRS-SSA-85-04
13 May logs"?

MOZAMBIQUE

CHILOANE ISLAND FISHING INDUSTRY STUDY REVEALS GOOD PROSPECTS
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 pp 8-9

[Text] Chiloane, an island located in the district of Machanga, Sofala Province,
is receiving special attention from the national fishing authorities. Studies
have already been made of this area, indicating that it is one of the fundamen-
tal producers of dried fish and has abundant shrimp, crab and oysters, in addi-
tion to the accompanying fauna. Owing to those conditions, there are prospects
for the development of professional fishing, during a preliminary phase.

The effort to give an incentive for, support and spread the type of fishing
described previously is the phase that the fishing complex in this central

zone region of the country is preparing to carry out, according to its director,
Paulo Saiene, in an interview with DM held on board the boat "Chiloane" which
was donated by the EEC and assigned for the transport and removal of fish from
the island and from other fishing areas.

For this purpose, there is under way in Chiloane the creation of a station of
the fishing complex, an enterprise coming under the State Secretariat of
Fishing, to render assistance to professional fishermen and intervene directly
in the purchase of dry fish from the island, Inharingue, Chicota and other
production centers.

Paulo Saiene declared: "It was already the intention of the fishing complex to
become installed here in Chiloane (the conversation took place on the island).
With the integration of the Faroua-Ah Heng company, whose owner abandoned it
during the last half of 1982, it is logical for the complex to occupy its
infrastructures."

According to the subject of the interview, initially the aforementioned produc-
tion unit will set up its backing and purchasing station. In other words, the
director notes, the complex will back the professional fishermen existing in
Chiloane with equipment, fishing gear and other materials, and they are obliged
to sell all or part of their product to the assisting enterprises.

PESCOM Will Be Geared for the Respective Occupation

PESCOM (Fish Products Marketing Enterprise), as its name indicates, is an
enterprise devoted to marketing. However, during this phase when there is

78



JPRS-SSA~-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

HUILA PROVINCIAL COMMISSAR VISITS GAMBOS MUNICIPALITY

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Lubango--Lt Col Rafael Sapilinha Sambalanga, provincial commissar of
Huila and a member of the Central Committee of the party, visited the munici-
pality of Gambos, where he learned of the political and socioeconomic develop-
ment of that part of our national territory, yesterday.

During his visit to Gambos, which is located about 150 kilometers to the south
of the city of Lubango, the highest provincial official, who was accompanied
by members of the party, the party youth organization and the mass and social
organizations, presided at a popular meeting at which he introduced the new
municipal commissar, Cornelho Josse, who will replace Justino Buta.

During his address, the president of the Fifth Region Military Council praised
the peasants for the increase in production and productivity in the rural
sector in support of the Second Party Congress and on the improvement in
living conditions for the people.

The coordinator of the provincial party committee criticized the trips made by
some of the people to neighboring Namibian territory to exchange cattle for
industrial goods, asserting that the shops established in the rural sector for
sales are supplied with the industrial goods needed by the people.

In conclusion, Sapilinha Sambalanga explained to the peasants the resolutions
adopted by the First National Party Conference to improve the conditions of
all of those working hard in the rural sector for national reconstruction.

Also during his stay in the municipality of Gambos, Rafael Sapalinha
Sambalanga visited one of the warehouses of the ENCODIPA [National Company
for Purchase and Distribution of Agricultural Products], to which industrial
products are sent for exchange in the rural sector, as well as the municipal
pharmacy.

With the establishment of a Women's Day, the Huila provincial committee of the
OMA [Organization of Angolan Women] will next Monday initiate the celebration
of Angolan Women's Day and International Women's Day, set for 2 and 8 March,
respectively.

11



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

CABINDA AFFAIRS FIGURES ~~ The Cabinda provincial delegation of the Ministry
of Transportation and Communications during the year just ended_supervised

784 workers in all of its branches, ANGOP /ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY/ in this

city was informed. Concerning the party organization, ANGOP also learned that
there are 39 party members organized in the three cells, 34 members in the
Party Youth, and 257 workers in various enterprises under the provincial
delegation are organized in the QDP (People's Defense Organization). On

the other hand, AGENANG (Navigation Agency of Angola) in Cabinda during the
year just ended handled 145 ocean-going vessels, ANGOP was told by an official
source. During this particular period of time, these ships carried more than
96,000 tons and unloaded more than 218,000 tons of miscellaneous products

in the port of Cabinda. ftext/ {Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 9 Mar 85 p 3/
5058

CSO: 3442/223

53



Police Chief Cites Need To Improve Training, Awareness
(Zacarias Cossa Interview; NOTICIAS, 1 Mar 85).......e0008 93

New Railroad Worker Training School
(NOTICIAS, 2 Mar 85)......

Air Travel Bottleneck To Be Removed

(Paulo Sergio; NOTICIAS, 14 Mar 85).....ecececes 97

Pessene Population To Group Into Communal Villages
(NOTICIAS, 14 Mar 85) ecccceccccccceccccccsecesesseseeeees 100

Briefs
Lutherans Offer Tractors 102
Netherlands Donation 102
Governor Critcizes Economic Performance 102
Transportation, Communications Priorities Listed 102
Clothing From China 103
ENACOMO Employees Arrested 103
Road Repair 104
Finland Suspends Aid Project 104
Magic Gives Money for Defense 104
NAMIBIA

Improved Water Supply, Mining Spur Economic Hopes
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

7 Mar 85) eee cecsccsecccevcccccceceeevusecceeeecnnueee

. 105

Larger German Role in Mediating Economic Development
(Robert von Lucius; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG,
16 Mar B5)aceeeceeecccccececccceessceeceeessceeescceeeeee 108
SOUTH AFRICA

Alan Boesak on Progress of UDF Movement.
(Alan Boesak; NOTICIAS, 25 Feb 5) ne 111

~d-



As for the new management commission of the cooperative, the young man said
with profound emotion: "I hope that the new commission will do away with
the idea to the effect that some cooperative workers get better treatment
for themselves and their families than the many other members; that meant
that they would take more products than they were really entitled," Joao
Langa emphasized in concluding his remarks.

Simao Bonifacio, a partner and worker at Post 1 of the Malhangalene cooperative,
had this to say: "This means that we are starting a new effort; we have to
show the partners the reason why the cooperative should exist and with their
support we have to justify our activities in dealing with other cooperatives, '
we have to justify why we are called a pilot consumer cooperative. We have 1
certainly gone through some bad times; there has been pilfering not only by
the workers but also by some partners. Control over merchandise was not
effective and a person who caught a member of the Management or a partner
take something. from the cooperative was afraid to report this because he
thought he might be kicked out or because he was reluctant to report the
person who did this because he happened to be a friend of his or because he
got the idea that perhaps he might do some pilfering of his own if he ever
had the chance," he said.

Marcelino Mulungo, who had been a member of the cooperative since 1981, said:
"The buddy system that existed between the first management group. and the
Manager meant that opportunities for solving the problems of our cooperative
were simply ignored. Some people complained to the GD [dynamic impetus
group] but that did no good."

Talking about the deficit which the Mulungo cooperative had and still had,
Mulungo explained: "The losses were due to the lack of proper accounting
because, independently of the money spent for the celebration of the fifth
anniversary, if they had really been interested in making sure that the
store was working properly, there would have been no shortage of 22 million
meticals; the figure would have been much less."

Asked to comment on the provisional management commission, which has now

been established, the partner said: "We are all betting on the new commission:
the members of the new commission are veterans of the Malhangalene cooperative
and they are therefore familiar with the problems that must be solved together
with the partners, The partners do not expect to be disappointed once again.
We hope that this new team will not lead to a situation that developed several
times before, in other words, they may change the officials in charge but the
trouble continues, many times even worse," he said in conclusion.

5058
CSO: 3442/231

70



production of fermented beverages and liquor, the Saydi Mingas mill producing
corn flour and PROTEICA (canned meats and fruits) exceeded their production
plans.

The meeting, which congratulated the MINCI [Ministry of Internal Trade] office
for the excellent work done in supplying goods of first necessity to the
people during the holiday season including Family Day and New Year's, pre~
dicted excellent success this year, to the extent that the necessary steps are
taken.

It should be noted that the meeting of the Provincial Supply Commission, at
which its president, Jose Sumbo, deputy provincial commissar for Huila, pre-
sided, was attended by 47 members. At the meeting the implementation of
earlier resolutions, the special supply plan, the plan for harvesting food for
marketing and the new system of supplying the people were analyzed.

The operation of the hotel and restaurant units in the province, the system

for supplying carnival groups and the distribution of salt, dried fish and oil
to the peasants were also discussed.

5157
CsO: 3442/215

25



For example, last year Sweden signed an agreement with our country for a project
to preserve and restore houses of historic interest on the Ilha de Mocambique.
The project will cost about 2,000 contos in Swedish kroners. The Swedish con-
tribution would be used for the production of lime for the construction, the
installation of a carpentry shop and the acquisition of various equipment and
building material.

A team of Danish technicians from the University of Aahrus has been on the
Tlha de Mocambique to make a physical study of the region, work which includes
an inventory of the problems and materials and technical and urban studies
which will be analyzed in Denmark.

When this team of Danish technicians came to Mozambique (at the end of 1983),
a source in the Secretariat of State for Culture said: “There is no existing
study of the Ilha de Mocambique.. The physical study will be conducted in four
areas of priority: a general survey, an architectural survey and general ques-
tions related to architecture, a study of the suburban zone and of the areas
of importance and an architectural survey of the parts so defined."

NORAD has also received proposals from Mozambican cultural eroups and organiza-
tions for Norway to assist in a series of programs. Such proposals have been
presented by the National School of the Dance, the School of Visual Arts, the
National Singing and Dance Company, the OJM [Organization of Mozambican Youth]
and the ONP [National Teachers’ Organization], among others. With regard to
the ONP, NORAD is prepared to arrange exchange programs between Mozambican

and Zimbabwean [sic] professors.

6362
CSO: 3442/232

68



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CONSUMER NEEDS NOT MET BY BEIRA'S GREEN ZONES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 p 4

/Text/ There are estimates according to which the horticultural output of the
green areas, during the 1984-1985 season, which has already begun, will cover
only one-third of the current requirements in the city of Beira; this figure
comes to an estimated yield of 300 tons as against close to 900 tons needed for
consumption.

This was disclosed by Raimundo Cossa, director of the office of green areas, during
the work of the Ninth Session of the City Assembly, in presenting the report
on the situation in this agricultural area.

The speaker said that, in view of this situation, the capital of Sofala will
have to continue to get support from the other provinces (such as Manica) and
districts of Sofala which have some chance of producing horticultural. items.

The late arrival of seeds, which had been scheduled for December but whose
distribution was possible only in November, due to the lack of preparation in
the green zones and above all due to the problems of poor technical capacity en-
countered at this time were listed as the main reasons for the failure to meet
consumption requirements of the city of Beira.

According to Raimundo Cossa, the goals established for this year are almost the
same as last year and the problems are also the same.

Nevertheless, the distribution of horticultural seeds for production is now in
progress according to the director of the office ef green areas who said "there
are seeds to guarantee the horticultural season."

Data on other activities pursued by this agency include estimates, for this season,
pointing to the planting of nurseries for 500,000 papaya trees and 10,000 guava
trees, among others.

More Meat Produced -- But What, About Consumption?
As for animal husbandry, it is expected that there will be an increase in the_

production of animals (last year, 23,000 and presently about 28 /as published/)
more; as Raimundo Cossa put it, “theoretically there will be more meat in Beira."

“61



Established in 1977 with a view to the implementation of a directive issued by
the late president Agostinho Neto, the complex is located in the city of Waku-
Kungo, covers an area of 120,000 hectares of arable land, and received a lot
of 900 head of imported cattle, including dairy cows and bulls, in 1979.

Designed to improve the development of the potential in the area, the Cela
Agrarian Complex is divided into 14 livestock units, five crop-raising units
and four industrial units. These include two dairy products plants, a feed
factory, a slaughterhouse and a ceramic plant which formerly belonged to the
Ministry of Construction.

When asked to make a statement concerning the farm production of the enter-
prise, Deputy Director General Jose Lopes told the ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS
AGENCY] that the planned goals were not fulfilled because of the difficulties
which developed in the transportation of fuel and fertilizers. By way of
example he mentioned that with a plan for 500 tons of corn for silage, 750
tons were produced, etc. [sic].

As to cattle feed, the only existing feed factory produced only 362,495 kilo-
grams last year. The ceramic plant produced 32,905 tiles. According to Jose
Lopes, the reason for this was the lack of a dump truck for transporting clay.

Currently the complex has 1,487 head of cattle, fewer than the number existing
as of December of 1983, when there were 1,421 head. There are 193 head of
swine, as compared to 1,605 toward the end of 1983. This decline is due in
part to hog cholera and thefts committed by the residents in the area. All of
the present livestock has been vaccinated against hematic carbunculosis and
peripneumonia.

The factors mentioned above reduced the number of livestock, exerting an
influence on livestock production, since of the 425,250 liters of milk the
plan called for, only 52,876 were obtained. This led to the inability to
produce butter and cheese, for which the figure planned was 11,500 kilograms.

The enterprise has two dairy products plants which process milk into other
products. The larger, with a processing capacity of 70,000 liters of milk per
day, is not in operation, and its premises are being used for storage. The
other, which received an average of 3,000 liters, operated until last July.
However, the lack of fuel both for the machinery and for the transportation of
milk from the sites where it is produced caused it to be shut down completely.

In an effort to cope with the shortage of fuel, two FAPA planes brought 24
drums from Luanda, and the Seventh Region Command, in turn, provided 4,000
liters. According to the deputy director general, this was in order "to safe-
guard the substantial quantities of truck garden crops in the field, and to
bring the technicians who provided care to the animals."

The Cela Agrarian Complex has about 1,185 workers, for whose benefit there is
a cousumer cooperative and five dining rooms, the operation of which is termed
"irregular," due to the lack of food supplies. Moreover, the reading and
writing classes for the 685 students are having difficulties due to the lack
of school equipment and teachers.

5157

CsO: 3442/238
18



Another reason is the large turnover of workers at the FMPROCI. In 1980 it

employed 735 individuals, but after a year had retained only 630. Nearly 550
workers left the enterprise in 1982, more than 400 did so the following year,
and this year 230 have left. To what is this large number of departures due?

Director's Response

The director of the EMPROCI, Alberto Adao Mauricio, said in an interview
recently granted to this newspaper that the following are the reasons for this
abysmal number of resignations: the lack of transportation facilities for the
workers, the majority of whom come from the city's outlying areas; the lack of
a dining room and health station; systematic delays in the payment of wages;
the lack of safety equipment and incentives or awards, a method often used
nowadays by the majority of our national enterprises.

It should be recalled as well that other priority problems imposed upon the
country, such as defense and the development of an economy to support the war,
have prevented the necessary attention from being devoted to these matters.
But it is urgently necessary that the continued deterioration of the assets of
the people be halted, so that the damage will not become greater. To do this
it is necessary to equip the designated bodies with a view to greater dynamism
and better labor resources.

This is what is being done. Adao Mauricio expressed the view that his enter-
prise “is making a qualitative and quantitative leap forward, because in 1983,
it began to work energetically to ensure the import from abroad of various
construction materials," on the basis of the priority role assigned to the
enterprise then by means of a decree published in the DIARIO DA REPUBLICA.
“This dynamism with regard to imports," this official said, "will make it
possible for maintenance work in Luanda to become a reality." About 20
containers of construction materials consigned to the FMPROCI have already
reached the commercial port in the capital, and a half of this quantity is in
the enterprise warehouses.

Since the EMPROCI now has the status of a second-level importer, although
complete self-supply is difficult, among other things because masonry
materials are domestically produced, a visible improvement in the status of
the maintenance of buildings in Luanda is expected in the future, in part
because in addition to this, social conditions will be improved, with for
example the installation of a dining room and a medical office and also an
increase in the number of transport vehicles.

In the cadre training sector, Adao Mauricio gave assurance that much has
already been done, in particular in the training of basic technicians through
practical courses for which the workers are sent to vocational training
centers and basic schools operated by other bodies. “It is too bad that some
of these cadres leave, however, after completing the courses, attracted by
conditions elsewhere which for the time being we cannot offer," he explained.

It should be noted that the EMPROCI needs many more basic cadres than
administrators, to guarantee greater speed and efficiency in the work being

35



As for the second strategic objective we noted earlier, it is of great
significance to the Soviet ruling class, which views the Muslims who
have preserved their traditions in the non-Muslim areas as a real threat
to the Communist authority. The Communists have failed, despite all
their endeavors, to win over to their ranks any significant numbers among
the Muslim peoples because the Islamic Shari'a prevails in the lives of
the peoples of Tajikestan and Turkestan and the Tatars and the peoples

of other parts which are populated by a Muslim majority. The Communists
have encountered this failure despite the laws and regulations established
by the state and even though the authorities withhold the venerable Koran
from the population and do not encourage attendance at religious schools.
The authorities have also transformed the mosques into public utilities
but the people's loyalty to their religion, imams and shaykh is tireless.

This is why the Soviets are involved in civil wars and turmoil in the
Middle East. The presence of an Afghanistan preserving its traditions
on their southern borders represents a danger for the Soviets in a
period when the Muslim population will exceed the Russian population
within the borders of the Soviet Union itself.

This is why we find the Soviets encouraging the Iranians and Iraqis in
a war in which brother kills brother and which has turned the area
located on the southern Soviet borders into an inflammable area. This
iis another reason explaining the Soviet presence in East Africa where
the Soviets support the war against Muslim Somalia and the war launched
by the Christians against the Muslims in Eritrea.

Through its foothold in Ethiopia, the Soviet Union hopes to achieve a
number of objectives:

It wants to parade before the African countries and other Third World
countries a military power that evokes admiration, even if this power

is used against the interests of these countries. The Soviets are aware
that the display of confidence and power often evokes admiration,
regardless of the consequences such a display leaves behind.

The Soviets will continue to embrace the population elements opposing
the traditional authority that maintains the unity of the countries of
the Gulf and the Middle East. The Soviets seek to.create social changes
in these countries not for the sake of the interests of their peoples but
so that they may install in power their followers who will make it easy
for the Soviets to exploit these countries politically and economically.

The Soviet presence in Ethiopia puts the Soviet Union in a position
which makes it possible for the Soviets not only to make tactical use
of the Red Sea and Indian Ocean and to secure the southern arm of the
pincer the Soviets are establishing around the Arab Peninsula but also
to secure a force. that can expand southward and westward rapidly to
support Soviet adventures in the other parts of Africa.

55



Victory Carnival Planned

About 24 carnival groups involving a total of 60 individuals from all of the
municipalities in the province will participate in the victory carnival in
Caxito this year, the ANGOP has been informed by a source connected with the
Bengo Provincial Culture Office.

According to this same source, four other groups including 70 Pioneers, as
well as others representing the Organization of Angolan Women (OMA), will also
participate in this event.

In fact, cloth and other items have already been distributed to the partici-
pants, and the support provided by the National Carnival Commission has been
termed normal. The contrary is the case with the contribution of the Bengo
Province Internal Trade Office, which fact may limit the potential for the
carnival groups.

The role played by the various enterprises in this important popular celebra-
tion merits special attention, aid and collaboration by all enterprise offi-
cials, the provincial culture representative in the province of Bengo, Inacio
Politano Cassule, said.

5157
CSO: 3442/238

21



Moreover, workers at Vinhas de Mocambique recently began the construction of
a cellar with a storage capacity for 200 liters of wine [sic], which will in
an initial phase involve only 30,000. Plans call for completion of the pro-
ject by May, if no difficulties are encountered with cement deliveries.

Other equipment which will be used in the construction of the cellar include
vats, wine presses, crushers and an electrical pump. Delivery on a large part
of this equipment is expected shortly, according to Jose Martins. Currently
Vinhas de Mocambique is using the cellars of the managing partner in the Vumba
Organizations, Almeida Valgodes, another Manica vineyard.

Our source stressed that the enterprise is currently faced with problems of a
technical nature, specifically the lack of machinery for agricultural work,

as the only machine which was available was damaged by armed bandits. Work is
now being done with a borrowed machine, a situation which could to some extent
threaten the production of the raw material, grapes.

The lack of disk harrows, sprayers and other needed equipment is a problem of
concern to the sector.

5157
CSO: 3442/237

88



know what we have in the country's subsoil.so that we may be able correctly to
plan the exploration of. these resources to the benefit of the national economy's
growth and for the sake of improying the liying.conditions of our. people.

This task has fallen to INAGEQ (National Geology Institute) whose primary
mission is to make maps and to do prospecting and searching for mining resources
throughout national territory. However, 10 years after independence, INAGEO

is still struggling with many different difficulties which apparently cannot

be solved on short notice. The support facilities for its laboratories have
deteriorated completely and the old equipment, inherited from the colonial past,
has to be replaced, This situation is further aggnavated by the lack of medium-
level and higher-level technical personnel and is responsible for the lag in
the laboratory processing of samples collected during prospecting work in the
field, whose results become known only with a delay of 2 or 3 years.

On the other hand, the country's geological and metal deposit maps have not yet
been completed and that is also true of research work which is furthermore
hampered by the political-military situation so that rather little has been done
so far to develop a knowledge of the real potential of Ahgola's subsoil.

This is why the geology and mining industry sector has been the subject of a
profound critical analysis during the First National Party Conference. This
analysis produced the recommendation to the effect that we must make mining
activities more efficient in terms of exploration, that we must provide
dynamic impetus for prospecting work with a view to supplying raw materials
and secondary materials for the nation's industry and, above all, for the
purpose of increasing the country's foreign exchange earnings.

The First National Party Conference also recommended that special attention
should be devoted to the revival of diamond production, the extraction and
processing of ornamental stones and crystalline quartz, the exploitation of
ground phosphates, as well as the completion of prospecting work and the
preparation of technical studies for polymetallic minerals.

These recommendations are intended to give the sector its real importance in
the context of the national economy, as well as to reorganize and restore the
financial situation which shows a deficit in most of the enterprises in the
mining industry branch, especially in the strategic area of diamonds.

5058
CSO: 3442/223

42



The oldest of these generators was manufactured in 1957. The generators have
the capacity to supply 2,040 kilowatts of electrical energy, regarded as quite
inadequate for supplying the city, if the industrial units which have been
developing, of which TEXMANTA is an example, are included. Due to their age,
these generators are not producing any more than 50 percent of their original
capacity.

On the other hand, at least two operate daily "as a preventive measure," since
there is no stock of replacement parts for use in the event of a breakdown of
one of them. This results in a reduction of the capacity to supply electrical
energy to the city to a mere 1,600 kilowatts.

The Expansion Project

The expansion of the Pemba Electric Power Plant includes the installation of
two generator sets manufactured in 1984 by the British Mirrless Blackstone
firm. These generators and the related coupling equipment reached the city of
Pemba last September, and the alternators and motors are already set on their
bases. Their total power potential is 5,000 kilowatts. "A single generator
could very well supply the entire city of Pemba, TEXMANTA included," a source
affiliated with the project told us.

The installation of all of the equipment, which will take about 6 months, will
be the task of a technical team from the enterprise which manufactured the
generators, Mirrless Blackstone. This team will arrive in our country this
April. However, if the construction is not completed by the end of the month
of March, the installation of the equipment may be delayed. In practical
terms this will mean an increase in the cost of the project and a delay in the
commissioning of the new power plant.

In another connection, the CICAD will within a few days complete the repairs

on the housing facilities where the British technicians who will come to
install the generators will be lodged.

5157
CSO: 3442/237

83



"The purpose of this meeting is to improve the relationship and coordination
between the state companies and the financial institutions, and it should help
to increase efficiency in our companies," the BPD vice president noted,

To achieve this, the official said, everything depends on the organization
of the companies so they will keep production costs to a minimum and will meet
their planned quotas.

“If we analyze the various factors, we find that we have developed economic

and social laws but that we are not complying with the very laws that we our~
selves approved, so we are not achieving our planned goals," Cardoso pointed

out. He noted, however, that there are the domestic factors of war and disruption,
as well as foreign factors, primarily our dependence on the foreign market

for spare parts, fuel and raw materials, which contribute to the problems of
production and financing in our state companies.

6362
CSO: 3442/232

60



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO WAGES CAMPAIGN AGAINST ECONOMIC CRIME
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Mar 85 p 3
[Article by Valentim Daniel]

[Text] The trial against speculators and traffickers in goods working for the
state apparatus charged with the diversion of products from the legal supply
system in that city began in the city of Pemba, the provincial capital of Cabo
Delgado, on Friday. It is expected that the first sentences will be handed
down this week. This operation, which has culminated in arrests and subse-
quent trials, was begun in February. The provincial leader, Alberto Chipande,
hailed it as an exemplary process "because it has allowed us to bring to the
surface some of the problems in the community of Pemba" in the economic,
social and public safety areas.

A member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the FRELIMO Party
and a leader in the province of Cabo Delgado, Army General Alberto Chipande
praised the political-administrative leadership bodies in the city of Pemba
several days ago for their activities within the framework of the organiza-
tional campaign in progress in this city which has made it possible to “bring
to the surface many problems affecting the capital city of Cabo Delgado," in
the popular supply sector, in particular.

Alberto Chipande spoke during a meeting held last week in the city of Pemba
exclusively for the purpose of analyzing the work done by the commission
appointed on 5 February. The meeting was attended by members of the secretar-
iat of the provincial party committee, the provincial and city governments,
officials in political bodies, the ODMs and the defense and security forces at
the base level, as well as enterprise officials.

It will be recalled that at an earlier meeting, a number of irregularities
affecting the city of Pemba were denounced. They were reflected, generally
speaking, in the increase in the number of thefts from the warehouses of goods
which were later sold on the black market, thus hindering supplies to the
people; irregular functioning of the party and state bodies responsible for
administration of the city; the existence of a disturbed atmosphere in the
city as a result of thefts at homes; as well as the poor state of city main-
tenance, including building maintenance.

84



began to tell the government publicly that.the. “only thing that .you can do is
to kill us. It is a powerful thing. to say that especially fer people who

lay their liyes on the line, Today, there.is a waye rising from the community
whieh tells the government that the only recourse you have is your weapons and
your military power and your punitive power. Now, look, in all’ power re~
lationships, in all relations of power over ethers as exercised in South
Africa, this military power is the only thing. The moment the people overcome
their fear of punitive power they will take an important step toward taking
the situation into their hands.

In South Africa, the fundamental issue behind the challenge to the administra-~
tion is to see what we can gain and to discover’ where because, in spite of
their power, they depend‘on us. They have their new constitution; they know
how important it can be to them politically and diplomatically throughout the
world. But in spite of all the power they have, we are finding that they need
us. So, what we are doing is to deprive them of our cooperation. And ‘we
shall win. This is important for our people. Once this concept is accepted
by the people, time will show clearly that the government can do nothing to
stop us. Finally, with the circle closed at last, the South African govern-
ment will only have its army left. And the people, defenseless as it is,

will then have to face that army and that is when the government will decide
to continue to murder innocent people who cannot defend themselves as a way

of maintaining its position. I maintain the position that the government will
not be capable of holding its position.

("The most important thing the UDF did in 1984? I think that we gave the
people back their dignity. Some do not understand what this means. I think
that one can understand this only if one has been involved in a situation of
repression and witnessed how the people began to upgrade their human dignity.")

Question: Do you agree with the opinion to the effect that Pieter Botha has
neither the capacity nor the vision to achieve a fundamental change?

Boesak: Yes. None of them at this time has the capacity to achieve a
fundamental change by themselves. We all have the capacity to change. My
argument is that we must make sure that the better alternative to Mr Botha
and to his administration is to begin to make fundamental changes. But we
must pressure them to bring this about. We cannot stop and hope that they,
by themselves, through the kindness of their hearts, that they will begin to
make those changes. I do not think that this can happen.

Question: In your struggle, do you see the existence of a South African
nation that would be beyond race and tribe?

Boesak: Oh, yes. Just 2 weeks ago, I talked to the editor of a newspaper

who, throughout all of 1984, did not, attend a single UDF meeting. At the
beginning of this year, he attended one of the meetings. And then he told

119



JPRS-SSA-85-040 |
13 May 1985 |

ANGOLA

SOCIOECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF UIJE PROVINCE DISCUSSED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Uije--At an interministerial meeting held in this city recently,
socioeconomic and political-military problems affecting the province were
analyzed, with a view to overcoming the difficulties in the process of reinte-
grating the citizens taken into the jungle.

At this point in time, the province of Uije is experiencing euphoria with the
reintegration of all of those who were taken into the jungle.

It was noted that the process of reintegration has not yet been completed in
this province, since the recovery of yet another group which lived in the
jungle in the municipalities of Quitexe, Ambuila, Bembe-Songo and Mucaba is
still pending.

It will be recalled that the first group was brought back to the province of
Uije at the end of last year.

Dange Farm Cooperative

The farm cooperative in Dange, in Uije, which covers 135 hectares of land and
has 421 members, sold 1,742 sacks of mabuba coffee to the RIMACA enterprise
last year, the ANGOP has learned from an official source.

According to that same source, the people in that area marketed 1,500 sacks of
that product last year. However, the limited supply of goods of first neces-
sity to the workers, as well as the shortage of tractors at the cooperative,
were the main difficulties affecting it.

Illiteracy Results Studied

Under the slogan "We Are Raising the Cultural Level of Our Troops To Guarantee
Mastery of Military Technology in the Battle Against the Puppet Enemies," the
literacy and educational workers of the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the
Liberation of Angola] in the First Military Region have proceeded from the
third to the fourth methodological meeting.

The head of the literacy and culture department of the political office for
the region, 2nd Lt Isalino da Costa, presided at the meeting, at which the

29



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

POLITICAL COMMISSARS' MEETING ANALYZES IDEOLOGICAL WORK
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Mar 85 p 12

[Excerpt] In accordance with Directive No 4/SCC/984 of the Secretariat of the
Central Committee of the MPLA~Labor Party, the first meeting for the examina-
tion, support and coordination of the work of the political bodies of the
defense, security and veterans forces was held beginning at 9:00 a.m. yester-
day in the meeting hall of the Luanda Provincial Party Committee.

Provincial Party Committee Coordinator Mariano da Costa Garcia (Puku), a
member of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party, presided at the
opening session, and delivered an address’ in which he stressed the need to
devote special and continuing attention to the strengthening of the defense
capacity of the nation.

Also in the course of his speech, “Puku" condemned the aggressive maneuvers
directed against the People's Republic of Angola, and he warned of the need to
provide political and ideological training for our combatants, “necessarily
involving a constant increase in the combat readiness of the defense and
security forces, as an indispensable requirement for guaranteeing the triumph
of our people, our national sovereignty and the territorial integrity of our
native soil, along the path to the building of a more just society, a
socialist society, based on the principles of Marxist-Leninist doctrine."

This party and state official also mentioned the mission assigned the politi-
cal commissars in connection with mobilization and consciousness-raising
within the sociopolitical context of the popular masses, cooperating closely
with the local organs of government, the JMPLA [Youth Movement of the Popular
Movement for the Liberation of Angola], and the youth and mass and social
organizations.

And Luanda Provincial Commissar Mariano Garcia went on to explain how this
would contribute, mainly to the concrete work pertaining to public sanita-
tion, cleanliness and hygiene, rehabilitation and maintenance of the gardens,
cleanup and beautification of the city.

The meeting sessions, which ended yesterday afternoon, were coordinated by
Captain Joao Tuta, a member of the Luanda Provincial Party Committee and head
of the political section for the defense and security forces.

5157
CSO: 3442/220



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

MINISTRY OF FISHERIES HOLDS CADRE TRAINING MEETING
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Feb 85 p 3
[Article by Eugenio Diogo: “Cadre Training Meeting Ends"]

[Text] The First National Methodological Meeting for Ministry of Fisheries
Cadre Training, which was held over the course of 4 days at the premises of
the Vocational Training Center of that ministry in Cacuaco, ended its work
yesterday with the approval of major conclusions and recommendations which
will make possible an improvement in human resources work, in a sector of
vital importance to the launching of our economy.

Antonio Burity, director of the Cadres Department of the Central Committee of
the party, presided over the closing session, which was attended by officials
from the Ministry of Fisheries as well as guests. The final conclusions of
this important meeting indicated that the participants regard the human
resource bodies in this sector, generally speaking, as having relatively weak
organizational aspects in some of the structures involved in administrative
activities. They further concluded that human resources activities have not
reflected the national situation due to a lack of centralized control of
provincial and enterprise activities.

According to the final document, the participants in the meeting also con-
cluded that the practical implementation of the cadre policy of the Ministry
of Fisheries, as defined by the party and the state bodies which administer
this activity, has been affected by the failure to sensitize the leading
cadres and enterprises, the lack of qualification criteria, resulting in
inconsistency in the allocation of wages, and also the failure to utilize
Angolan technicians with their recognized competence, to the advantage of
foreign technicians.

The First National Methodological Meeting for Ministry of Fisheries Cadre
Training recommended, in view of this situation, that "the labor force in the
human resources bodies under the provincial and enterprise offices at the
Ministry of Fisheries be increased, along with the consequent technical-
vocational advancement of this labor force, through the labor study center at
the Ministry of Labor and short-term seminars."

AA



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

ACTIVITIES OF KWANZA-NORTE PARTY YOUTH DESCRIBED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Feb 85 p 12

[Text] Ndalatando--The mobilization of the young people for the tasks of
defense as well as the recruiting of new members for the ranks of the JMPLA
[Youth Movement of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola] were
among the main activities on which the attention of the bodies in this mass
organization in the province of Kwanza-Norte was focused during 1984.

This statement was made to the ANGOP last Friday by the second provincial
secretary of the party youth, Felix Alexandre Sebastiao. He added that these
activities are making it possible to incorporate many hundreds of young people
in the ranks of the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of
Angola], the paramilitary organizations and the Popular Vigilante Brigades,
while also strengthening the youth organization structures in the province.

In this connection, 302 young people from the worker, peasant and service
sectors, of whom 110 are female, joined the JMPLA-Party Youth last year, after
having studied and accepted the principles which guide the actions of this
organization. In the student sector, the expansion plan which began last
November will end this March.

That official also explained that the party youth organization in Kwanza-Norte
presently has 1,474 members distributed among 152 base organizations (cells),
while 78 joined the defense and security forces during the last half of last
year.

In addition, various activities devoted in particular to the commemoration of
the 14 April holiday, Angolan Youth Day, and in support of and salute to the
2nd Party Congress leading to the continuing improvement in the operation of
the party youth organization will be pursued throughout this year by the
organization which, according to its second secretary, will never abandon the
task of mobilizing the masses of the youth to participate in the sacred tasks
of defending the threatened fatherland, study and production.

5157
CSO: 3442/215



On the subject of the reactivation of production at the Kwanza Basin
deposits, which began in 1981, the director general of FINA Petroleum of
Angola gave some figures and noted that the best answer is provided by the
production values since 1980. In that year the total produced was 173,000
tons, which rose to 189,000 in 1981, and 233,000 in 1982 and 254,000 in 1983.
"Since of the nine deposits in the Kwanza Basin, five are more than 20 years
old and four between 10 and 20, I believe that we can be satisfied with the
results obtained," he concluded.

On the subject of prospecting, that body subsequently indicated that the most
recent seismic campaign was begun in September of 1972 and continued until
June of 1983. Profile drilling totaling 261 kilometers in the FINA-SONANGOL-
TEXACO association area (Congo) and 127 kilometers in the FINA-SONANGOL asso-
ciation area (Kwanza) was done.

This official went on to say that during 1982 and 1983, two prospecting wells
were drilled in the FINA-~SONANGOL association area, but both proved dry.

He added that during the same period 15 development wells were drilled in the
FINA-SONANGOL association area (Kwanza), of which one proved productive and
another dry. He further said that in the first half of 1984, another six
development wells were drilled, all of them in the FINA-SONANGOL-TEXACO asso-
ciation area (Congo), five of which proved productive and one dry.

Mixed Refining Enterprise

In connection with refining activi ty, Bandeira Vieira said that the processing
level reached in 1982, about 1 million tons, was affected by the shutdown of
the refinery during the first 2 months of the year as a result of sabotage
activity perpetrated on the night of 30 November 1981. In 1983, however, the
refinery processed 1.3 million tons. By the end of last year, it was expected
that a total of 1.4 million tons would be processed.

With regard to the expansion of the refinery, he said that a decision by the
government on a proposal submitted at the beginning of last year, calling for
an increase in capacity to 2 million tons per year, is pending.

On the other hand, he stressed that last year, construction was begun on nine
tanks to replace the storage capacity destroyed by the sabotage. This pro-
ject, budgeted at 330 million kwanzas, is to be completed during the first
half of 1985. He also emphasized that the reduced storage capacity has caused
serious problems of an operational mature, which it has been possible to over-
come thanks to the spirit of sacrifice and dedication shown by the refinery
workers and the excellent teamwork done with the SONANGOL, with a view to the
delayed survey of refined products.

Concerning the establishment of a mixed refining enterprise, he went on to say
that the company is continuing to await government directives concerning the
implementation of the protocol of agreement signed in February 1982. Mean-
while, the Luanda refinery continues to belong entirely to FINA Petroleum of
Angola.

38



especially that, out of all the other organizations, they were.those that

were most heayily hit by the goyernment.. That is the truth. They went

through extraordinarily difficult moments.. Then they said that the labor
unions must not fight only against the goyernment but against the owners

of the big companies for whom they work. We must tackle all kinds of questions
among us and we are trying to continue together now. This is how unity

sprang up within the labor union movement, which I think has been extremely
important. If they say that there are reasons that persuaded them to con-
sentrate on a certain point but that they can join us only in specific campaigns,
this is in agreement with what I think. I do not think that it should be the
goal of the UDF to have all organizations under its own aegis. That is not
the main objective. The objective, at the really important points, is for

us to move together and to have a kind of coordinated action that will serve
the objectives of the struggle. And this is what we are trying to do.

Question: Such as the 2.-day general strike?
Boesak: Exactly.
Question: What was the feeling behind the organization of this general strike?

Boesak: It was marvelous. The people were quite aware of the risks they
would be facing and even so they came and got together to carry out this kind
of action. It was impressive if you consider the economic circumstances,

the vunerability of the workers and persons involved, as well as the risks.
Even so, in just 2 days we recorded 90 percent support for the strike. This
is very interesting. It demonstrated the strike of the movement in terms of
the black community in South Africa. This was one of the things that stirred
not only the administration but also the entire white "establishment."

Question: In your speech Thursday night you said:"We. are telling the govern-
ment that we are no longer afraid of you." How far do you think the govern-
ment's demystification can go? How far do you think the people no longer
credit the government with strength it does not have?

Boesak: This is already making headway. This is not a process which we began
in the UDF in 1983. It is a process which began early in the 1970's and which
really began to take shape in Soweto in 1976 and after that in Cape Town in
1980 and now once again. The South African government is very strong but it
is not all-powerful. It really likes to create this impression, unlike any
other government in the world, the impression of not yielding to pressures.
They say that the more pressure they exert against us, the tougher we will
become. Well, that makes no sense.

In the beginning, as a matter of fact, the goyernment's natural reaction is
always repression, That is the nature of the beast we face. They can only be
what they are and nothing else. They are violent, repressive, oppressive
persons. So the only thing they know to do when they are challenged is to
demonstrate their power.

That worked alright in the beginning. But later on, in 1976, the young people

118



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

KWANZA-SUL PARTY COMMITTEE ASSESSES PROVINCIAL SITUATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] Sumbe~-The Kwanza-Norte [sic] Provincial Committee of the MPLA-Labor
Party met recently in its fifth regular session. At its conclusion, it
approved decisions designed to improve the political-organizational work among
the people in the province.

The session, held in the commune of Gangula in the municipality of Sumbe,
analyzed and approved the minutes of the preceding meeting, as well as the
level of implementation of the recommendations it approved. It also assessed
the report of the Provincial People's Assembly, to be submitted at its next
(12th) regular session.

The reports of the executive commission and the provincial control commission
for the fourth quarter of last year were also analyzed by the participants at
the meeting, under the guidance of the acting coordinator of the Provincial
Party Committee, Aurelio Garcia Cardoso.

These participants also took part in a meeting, again in the commune of
Gangula, with residents of the settlements of Balela, Nhengo and Gangula, in
the course of which they condemned the activities of the puppet bands and
pledged to strengthen vigilance and participate in the tasks of national
construction, production and defense within the framework of the BPVs [Popular
Vigilante Brigades] and the Self-Defense Battalions.

On the other hand, a "peace march" organized by the Kwanza-Sul Provincial
Secretariat of the Organization of Angolan Women (OMA) and headed by Aurelio
Garcia Cardoso was held in the city in honor of International Women's Day,
which was also commemorated throughout the country.

Members of the party, the JMPLA [Youth Movement of the Popular Movement for
the Liberation of Angola] and representatives of the women of Cuba, the USSR
and Namibia participated in the event.

Waku-Kungo Agrarian Complex
The activities of the Cela Agrarian Complex were markedly affected in 1984 by
irregular deliveries of fuels, lubricants, auxiliary and replacement parts

needed to restore the vehicle park including tractors and combines which are
out of service.

17



According to the program drafted by the provincial bodies of the OMA, plans
eall for charity activities such as visits to centers for the homeless,
orphans and widows, hospitals and institutions for veterans. During these
visits, the OMA will present gifts consistent with the material needs of these
centers.

Two speeches, several voluntary labor sessions and meetings for members of the
OMA will take place in Huila between now and this coming 16 March. The high
point in the recreational aspect of this program will be a four-game soccer
tournament for women which will begin Saturday.

The OMA will circulate a special news bulletin, in cooperation with certain
journalists working in the local media. The bulletin on the two holidays is
scheduled to come out on 2 March, and will serve as a prototype for a
quarterly publication the OMA plans to publish in Huila.

5157
CSO: 3442/215

12



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

EXHIBIT OF SOVIET BOOKS INAUGURATED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Feb 85 p 12

{Text] An exhibit of Soviet books sponsored by the Soviet Trade Department
in Angola, through the Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga Enterprise, opened late yester-
day afternoon on the premises of the Faculty of Sciences. It was inaugurated
during a ceremony attended by the ambassador of the USSR accredited to Angola,
Arnold Kalinin, the dean of Agostinho Neto University, engineer Leitao,
representing the rector, and the head of the Documentation Department,
Jeronimo Belo, as well as other individuals involved in book publishing in
our country.

This exhibit, conceived in connection with the 40th anniversary of the triumph
of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War between 1941 and 1945, is a
gift of the Soviet embassy to our university, as a way of contributing to
overcoming the difficulties our higher educational structure encounters in
obtaining scientific and socioeconomic texts.

In his speech at the ceremony, Arnold Kalinin began by expressing the hope
that the books now being provided will help the students better to understand
the scientific and technical phenomena which are governing the fate of our
world today, as well as strengthening the relations between our two peoples.

He also voiced the hope that these books will be used in the best possible
way by the students at our university with a view to the advance and develop-
ment of the country.

The next speaker was the dean of Agostinho Neto University, who expressed the
hope that relations in this sector will be pursued more vigorously by our two
peoples and governments.

It should be noted that this exhibit is open to all of those interested
between 9 am and 12 noon and 3 and 5 in the afternoon every weekday until 1
March.

5157
CSO: 3442/214



JPRS-SSA-g5-949
13 May 1985

NAMIBIA

LARGER GERMAN ROLE IN MEDIATING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG in German 16 Mar 85 p 12

[Article by Robert von Lucius: "A Marshall Plan for Namibia?; Speculations
regarding Convocation of a Major Economic Conference"]

[Text] While the convocation of a constitutional convention is beginning

to take shape in Namibia's capital Windhoek, almost a replay of the failed
experiment with the "Gymnasium Conference," Bonn is considering whether to
grant substantial economic aid to South-West Africa/Namibia as early as the
present for the period following international recognition of its
independence. Both measures are designed to break the stalemate surrounding
efforts aimed at independence for the territory under the illegal, in the
view of the United Nations and the West, control of South Africa. The

object of the dispute is -- theoretically -- not the granting of independence,
but the modalities of the elections that are supposed to precede it.
Washington and Pretoria are demanding the removal of Cuban troops from
Marxist-ruled Angola neighboring to the north as a precondition for elections,
or at least their removal parallel to the granting of Namibia's independence.
The other four nations of the Western "contact group" -- in addition to the
United States they are the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, Canada,
and France (which now continues to participate to only a limited extent) --
have not, in contrast, or not unconditionally, made this demand for a
"package deal" their own. For nearly 8 years, the Namibia contact group

has been striving in countless discussions, negotiations, and conferences

to find a solution to the Namibia conflict.

During the past year there has been almost no change, at least insofar as

it is visible to the population. The uncertainty surrounding the country's
future -~- most of the whites, approximately 75,000, fear that the independence
movement, the South-West African People's Organization (SWAPO), with its
Marxist airs will come to power, while the Western powers and South Africa
appear to consider this likely ~- has restrained investments in the economy
and induced many whites to emigrate. Economic stagnation (intensified by

the drought just overcome only during the last few weeks) and a repeatedly
disappointed national consciousness, especially by Pretoria, which in the
past several years had grown among all population groups, including the whites,
led increasingly to political apathy on the part of the country's inhabitants.

108



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NORWEGIAN GROUP INVOLVED IN CULTURAL COOPERATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 8

[Text] Arthur Sydnes, representative of the Norwegian Agency
for International Development (NORAD) in Mozambique, thinks
there should be new and more adequate promotion of the preser-
vation and restoration of monuments on the Ilha de Mocambique,
one of Mozambique's most important historical-cultural heri-
tages. He also reported that NORAD and the Secretariat of State
for Gulture are discussing Mozambican programs that could
benefit from Norwegian assistance. Mozambique might also
offer more specific proposals for a NORAD project on the
island.

In the understanding of Arthur Sydnes, cooperation between Mozambique and Nor-
way, particularly cultural cooperation, is making positive strides, because
of some basic principles agreed upon by the two countries with regard to pro-
fessional training and specialization, restoration and protection of historic
property and aid to Mozambican cultural organizations and groups.

NORAD's cultural director Hans Fngebrigtson was in our country a few days ago
to meet with Mozambican authorities and to visit some sites and institutions
of historical and cultural interest.

Cultural cooperation between Mozambique and Norway was initiated in 1981.

Thore Hem, another NORAD official in our country, told NOTICIAS that, within
the framework of cultural cooperation between the two countries, Norway will
study more suitable forms for the training of Mozambican personnel as instruc~
tors, professors and cadres specializing in archeology and other fields.

Hem also feels that the training of Mozambican personnel could involve institu~
tional cooperation between Mozambican and Norwegian museums, He said that

the Historical Archives of Mozambique, which he considers amongthe most impor-
tant in southern Africa, could benefit from Norwegian assistance,

Regarding the preservation and restoration of monuments on the Ilha de
Mocambique, NOTICIAS learned that, together with other Scandinavian countries,
namely Sweden and Denmark, Norway will participate in a series of programs
for the island.

67



IPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

MONTHLY CHECK OF WORK CENTERS PLANNED IN LUBANGO
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 22 Mar 85 p 12
[Article by L. Luansi]

[Text] Lubango--The Provincial Office of the Secretariat of State for Coop-
eration will assess the profitability and the quality of service provided by
cooperative workers this year, and will also step up the monthly checking
visits to the labor centers where cooperative work is under way.

The annual report of this office indicates that an extensive analysis will be
undertaken in the course of this year, together with certain bodies, concern-
ing the need to limit contracts with resident cooperative workers whose
specialties do not justify such contracts. This effort will carry out the
guidelines issued by the Eighth Consultative Council Session of the Secretar-
iat of State for Cooperation held in Lubango.

That document stressed that the Logitecnica branch is facing difficulties,
ranging from the limited housing capacity in the cooperative sector to the
rendering of services, but overall, this branch has contributed to the supply
of food and industrial goods, although the internal trade structures do not
always respond very well to the needs expressed, because of the current dif-
ficulties the country is experiencing.

The report said, moreover, that expenditures on cooperative workers totaled
16 million kwanzas last year.

in connection with nonreimbursable foreign aid, only the Higher Institute of
Education Sciences, a part of Agostinho Neto University, benefitted from
UNESCO financing in 1981 in the amount of $7,000, about 2 million kwanzas,
allocated for supplies of materials and orders for other items for direct and
remote teaching projects, as well as preparatory aid in the training of
secondary school teachers.

With regard to internal organization, the report said that satisfactory levels
were achieved with the completion of applied projects making it possible to
improve the status of installation in premises and the establishment of inter-
mediary office structures.

22



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

CUBANS OPPOSING CASTRO MAY JOIN FNLA
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 15 Mar 85 p 5

[Text] Cubans who are militant opponents of Castro may come to Angola to
fight with the FNLA, an official of that Angolan liberation movement has
announced.

The Angolan National Liberation Front and the “First Continental Force of
Combatant Democracy" (an anti~-Castro group with headquarters in Florida)
recently signed an agreement for cooperation in the “anti-Cuban struggle" in
the United States.

The document signed by the two organizations refers to the need to join forces
to combat "Soviet-Cuban expansionism in Angola and in Central America.”

“At this time, the Cuban military presence has spread to Angola, Zimbabwe,
Mozambique, Benin, Burkina Faso, the Western Sahara, Algeria, Libya, Ethiopia,
Congo~Brazzaville and Sao Tome and Principe," the text of the agreement goes
on to say.

“Havana receives 100 dollars per day for each of these soldiers," the document
states.

According to the two organizations, the governments to which the Cuban mili-
tary render service have paid 2 billion dollars to Fidel Castro's regime.

The agreement seeks to coordinate efforts on the political level and in the
intelligence sector to fight “the common enemy, with a view to combatting the
disinformation included in the communist propaganda.”

According to an FNLA official, "it will be no surprise if the FNLA too has
Cubans in its ranks soon," referring to the possibility that militant oppo~
nents of Castro will join in the fight in Angola.

5157
CsO: 3442/219



There was no cooling system for the preservation and refrigeration of food
products and beverages, and in this connection, the enterprise turned to other
enterprises for aid, mainly the fishing sector, where difficulties developed
due to the lack of transportation. With the repair of a cold chamber with a
5-ton capacity, it was possible in part to reduce this problem, the undesir—
able effects of which have long made themselves felt. Plans call for the
rehabilitation of the other “storage chambers which are not in use within a
short time," Norberto Pimentel said.

With regard to organization, he stressed that “we have made a great effort,
but much nonetheless remains to be done. For example, the provincial EMPROTEL
office is operating with its departments in separate buildings, which makes
the desirable coordination and control of activities difficult. Steps with a
view to the solution of this problem are being pursued, with the intention of
improving the organizational status of the enterprise."

The EMPROTEL is also devoting attention to the basic and advanced training of
cadres, for example sending workers to the Hotel Training School in Huila, in
order to guarantee that there will be increasing numbers of qualified cadres.
As the EMPROTEL director said, "if this continues, 2 years from now we will
have no major shortage of capable technical cadres."

At the outset, food supply, which is one of the basic aspects of the opera-
tion and development of hotel activity, involves difficulties, because the
supply of meat, fruits and vegetables, and even good quality fish is irregular
and insufficient in quantity. This limits the scope of the possible improve-
ment in the preparation of foods, to which is added the limited supply of gas.
This latter factor sometimes forces the enterprise to have recourse to char-
coal and firewood for the preparation of meals, even in the hotels without air
conditioning.

With regard to the financing provided to the general state budget, the

EMPROTEL, as a nondeficit enterprise, deposited 100 percent of the established
sum, in the amount of 33,000 million kwanzas, during the last fiscal year.

5157
CSO: 3442/214

27



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NEW RAILROAD WORKER TRAINING SCHOOL
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] A portion of the teaching material earmarked for the workshop training
facility at the Maputo railroad training center was delivered thereTMlast
Thursday afternoon, The new and modern material was procured by Mozambique
from the GDR as part of the cooperation project between both parties in the
field of ports, railroads, and the merchant marine.

Luis Pais, director of the railroad training center, who on this occasion
represented the National District of Ports and Railroads, considered the
delivery of the material to be “extremely important for the training of
students at this center, especially in terms of improving their scientific
knowledge in the areas of mechanics, electricity, and metalworking. This is
an important step toward improving our operations," said Luis Pais.

Next, Claus Preuss, the representative of the GDR organization called Intermed
Export-import, in turning the equipment over, recalled that there had been
cooperation between both countries in this area for many years, especially
when it comes to training provided by the GDR for Mozambican personnel working
in the railroad sector.

"This is why I am satisfied with the delivery of this equipment which will
help improve the training of the Mozambican trainees," said Claus Preuss.

The event was also attended by other persons involved in railroad training
in Mozambique as well as German technicians who are working here.

As we were told by persons close to this project, the workshop training

facility will be housed in a prefabricated structure to be put up in the
training center as soon as all of the necessary conditions are ready.

5058
CSO: 3442/231

96



JERS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

STUDENTS IN GDR RECOUNT EXPERIENCES
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 4

[Text] The young Mozambicans currently learning the German language in Werni-
gerode, a city in the western part of the GDR, will be at their fatherland's
disposal starting in the second half of 1987, as workers specializing in
geology. Along with Cuban and Nicaraguan youths of the same age, they are
participating in the 23d German language course at the center for linguistic
training of the Academy of Socialist Economic Management. The purpose of the
intensive 5-month courses is to provide the participants with linguistic know-
ledge. geared to the professional training that they will be taking in the
German Democratic Republic. For this purpose, particularly during the last

4 weeks of the course, the young people arelearning the special terms that they
will need in the pertinent professions, and the instructors are cooperating
closely with the enterprises in which the professional training will be given.

On my visit, I caught the Mozambican friends by surprise in a classroom, and
so I arranged for an "exercise in conversation" not stipulated inthe schedule.
"After initial problems, especially with the weather and food, we became quite
used to it here. We can also talk well in the German language with people."
This is the assessment made by Carlos Portugad, after a stay of 4 months, He
continued: "The good relations between us and the instructors undoubtedly
contributed to this success."

The 20 young people, including two girls, are aged between 18 and 20 years,

and are all from Maputo. They would like to become geologists, because they
consider that profession very interesting and of great importance to the nation-
al economy of their fatherland.

Mozambique is rich in natural resources. In addition to enormous coal deposits,
there are also deposits of minerals such as bauxite, manganese, titanium, iron
and copper. Furthermore, there are many precious gems, including diamonds,
emeralds, aquamarines and tourmalines.’ But the young people's republic is

only beginning an external geological research.

In response to my question as to whether the studies in the GDR are easy for

them, the young people answered that they were not. The studies require
diligence, a good attitude toward learning, discipline and punctuality. One

89



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

UNITA RELEASES PORTUGUESE, OTHER HOSTAGES
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] Five Portuguese citizens, included among 27 hostages who had been held
by the UNITA [National Union for the Total Independence of Angola], reached
Johannesburg yesterday, after several months of captivity in the hands of the
Angolan rebels. The Portuguese nationals, who are scheduled to arrive at the
Lisbon airport early tomorrow morning, are Jose Antonio Damas dos Santos,
Abilio Ferreira Agostinho, Antonio Fernando Almeida Ferreira, Artur Fernando
Afonso and Antonio Fernando Ribeiro Neto.

The Portuguese vice consul in Johannesburg, Mora Ramos, only learned from the
Red Cross at the last minute of the arrival of the Portuguese refugees in that
South African city, since no Portuguese prisoners had been seen among those
introduced by Savimbi journalists at the Jamba base. Savimbi, however, argued
that the Portuguese nationals were spared the humiliation of being introduced
to the press, because “there is no dispute between the UNITA and Portugal.”

Two U.S. citizens, three British citizens and 17 Filipinos seized by the UNITA
in Cafundo on 27 December of last year were among those presented to the
press. At a meeting in Jamba, Savimbi had announced to foreign newsmen that
only 22 prisoners would be released. Red Cross officials in Johannesburg said
that the five Portuguese nationals had been added to the group being released
unexpectedly. Some of them had family members who had been waiting for them
for more than a month at the airport in that South African city.

5157
CSO: 3442/219



It should also be noted that it is a duty to report those who sell stolen
goods. On the contrary, people are buying automobile parts every day--
paying more than speculative prices for them-~even when they are aware of
their suspect origin.

The lack or shortage of spare parts does not justify the immorality of protect-
ing an individual who lives (and lives very well) off the sweat of honest
workers.

Finally, the poor performance of the Police Traffic and Safety departments
has also contributed to the proliferation of petty thieves. It is time to
bring this to a stop, and this opinion is shared by the officials of these
departments of the Mozambican People's Police.

6362
C80: 3442/232

95



gPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

PESSENE POPULATION TO GROUP INTO COMMUNAL VILLAGES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] Two communal villages ‘are presently in their initial phase in the

town of Pessene, District of Moamba; it is expected that they will soon grow
rapidly, following the arrival of the people who left the areas hit by the
operations of armed bandits, our reporter learned when he went to that part of
the province of Maputo several days ago.

According to information given to us by the commanding officer of the inde-
pendent battalion of Pessene, Miguel Microsse, rather little work is currently
being done in this area to mobilize the people to join the communal villages.

Even so, according to Miguel Microsse, the people, who are tired of the
activities of armed bandits, moved to these villages where they are building
their homes in whatever way they can since the surveyors still have not done
their job of marking the lots.

The commanding officer of the independent battalion of Pessene said that the
supply system in the area was seriously deficient and this situation has been
getting worse ever since the local merchants have begun to raise their allo-
cations at the district seat [as published], as was emphasized by Antonio
Bores, a private merchant in Pessene.

“When textile fabrics are received at the district seat, they always say that
they are for the communal villages but we never get any of this stuff here
even though we have two stores here that need this material since they serve
families in the interior areas which are hit by enemy action," said Antonio
Bores,.

Talking to some members of the local population, they expressed their satis-
faction with life in a collective setting, noting that this "means peace as
far as we are concerned."

Cacilda Nhambe told our reporter that "Now that we are in the communal village,
we sleep well; before that we slept in the forest because of the bandits."

She added that an atmosphere of total security prevails in the area "which is
why we support the construction of communal villages."

100



Boesak: Qh, yes. All of these are signals of the moment, .This confusion
will preyail until the whites begin to.see how serious we are.in our intent
to achieve our place in our native land.. Together with their government,
they will begin to realize that the time when one could avoid change in
South Africa is gone.

Question: In this entire process of struggle, do you see the possibility
of a process of Africanization of the South African whites?

Boesak: That possibility exists always. Everything depends on the whites.

I think that, if the white community begins to see that its future is inexorably
linked to the future of South Africa, which means our future, then I think

that this process ‘can begin.

Right now, many of them think of their future in South Africa as a future
linked to what they will decide. But it will not come in this way. They
must accept a different vision as to where South Africa is headed, as to how
things will unfold, more than what they have accepted so far. This is
certainly very difficult for people like them. Since I am one of those who
would like to give them sufficient time to accept that situation and to
begin to work on this basis, they must also realize that time is not on our
side, that things move faster than one might imagine.

Question: Is this your message even to the Afrikaners?

Boesak: Yes. We continue to say that there is a common future for all of
us but that they must understand that this future, this common future, can-
not contain a single element of the destructive nature of the present.
Apartheid cannot be authorized to survive in any form, nor can racism.
Therefore, the change in the status quo is a prerequisite for significant
discussions and for charting a common future.

Question: Are there already white children who dance African dances?

Boesak: You ought to attend a meeting of the UDF. One of the things which
surprise me is how those white children and those so-called half-breed
Indian children are familiar with all of those songs, how they know 211 of
the slogans and all of the rituals necessary to stage a real lively meeting.
They dance all those dances. And I think: here we might find the germ of
what can be a new society. It is very moving to see such things.

Question: One of the analytical points which were mentioned to me regarding
the UDF by some of its members is the fact that, when a militant of the move-
ment joins the national campaigns, he has the tendency to abandon work at the
base, on the level of the community. Is this true?

Boesak: No, I do not agree. Those who say that do not understand their own
role. You can participate in a national campaign only if you have deep
roots in your dedication to the people on the base level since, otherwise,
the national campaign would just become somebody's theoretical idea. I do

116



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NKOMATI FAILURE AFFECTING RELATIONS WETH" PORTUGAL °
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 18 Mar 85 pp 7,8

/&rticle by Eduardo Cintra Torres: "Relations Between Portugal and Mozambique
a Year After Nkomati"/

/Text/ At Nkomati there was the illusion of wanting to re-
solve an internal war merely by making peace with the neigh-
bor who supported RENAMO /Mozambican National Resistance/.
Basically, those involved took the same role as the one
traveled by the Angolan government which turned foreign policy
into the key issue of the domestic conflict.

A year ago, Mozambique and South Africa signed an accord at Nkomati which called
for a resumption of bilateral relations and opened the way to domestic peace

in the former Portuguese colony. The regional actors involved took up the
problems existing between them without the massive recourse to outside powers.
It looked like a promising road.

Today however it turns out that neither bilateral relations between Maputo and
Pretoria received the impetus anticipated a year ago, nor did peace come to
Mozambique.

Regional peace and Mozambican domestic peace were also fundamental as a lever
for bilateral relations with Portugal. But things did not improve there either,
if anything, the exact opposite happened. Instability and the war prevented
the enthusiasm and the reciprocal visits of the heads of state and of government
to become reality.

Grains of Sand in Political Relations

During the year which has just ended, relations worsened on the political level
without any really explanatory cause other than the war itself.

The scapegoat for the continued presence, in Portugal, of RENAMO members --
which is not publicly used against other Western countries where they have

found shelter -- was used as justification for the poor environment in relations.
Basically, an effort was made to penalize Portugal simply because Portugal
happens to be a free country.

63



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

NEW MANAGEMENT COMMISSION AT MALHANGALENE COOPERATIVE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Mar 85 p 2

[Text] The new management commission of the Malhangalene
commission already has the support and confidence of the
members and we will now try to regain the title of pilot
cooperative which we had. We are aware of the role that
must be played by the partners and by the management
commission itself in the implementation of the current
changes in favor of a cooperative without any problems
relating to poor operation and the diversion of products--
this is the opinion expressed by partners of that group
who were contacted by our reporter. This is due to the
fact that the prior management commission and its chairman,
Benjamim Ngulele were relieved of their duties on the
grounds of corruption in the course of a special meeting
directed by the domestic trade minister on 24 February.

The Malhangalene cooperative, located at the intersection of Marien N'Gouabi
and Vladmir Lenin avenues, several days ago made a thorough study of its
problems during a special general meeting held on 24 February. This event
culminated in the expulsion of the member-chairman Benjamim Ngulele and some
other members of the outgoing management commission because of evidence proving
diversion of food products and other items, nepotism, sexual corruption and
lack of respect for the members of the cooperative.

Domestic Trade Minister Aranda da Silva attended that meeting and listened

to the remarks made by the members; this made it possible to make those
decisions that were aimed at revitalizing the cooperative which had earlier
been awarded the title "pilot cooperative." One of the decisions adopted

had to do with the establishment of a new management commission. Our reporter
interviewed three cooperative members on that board to record their opinions.

Joao Augusto Langa, 19 years old, a member of the cooperative since 1981,
said: "Since the year I joined the cooperative, this special meeting has
been the first general gathering of members for the purpose of adopting
decisions based on a majority vote. The cooperative management was prepotent
and all partners who dared criticize it suffered as a result; some partners
suffered because they spoke out and had their membership card withdrawn; T
know a case involving a person who had no card for 2 years."

69



Changes in Kimbele

About 6 months after the date when the bulk of the former members of the
defunct FNLA-COMIRA returned to the municipality of Kimbele, many things in
this area have changed. The people are pursuing a calm and tranquil life in
peace and freedom.

The productiive work in the rural sector is organized. The peasants are
grouped in farm associations. The production of cassava, corn, ginguba and
other crops is spiraling dizzily. The support provided by the party and state
structures in the province of Uige has contributed to this. With every pas-
sing day, the central and provincial authorities are devoting more attention
to the process of reintegration of the people.

The trucks of the state internal trade, agriculture and other bodies are
bringing clothing, shoes, foodstuffs and other products the local population
cannot do without to the municipality of Kimbele. The children are beginning
to attend school and are members of the Agostinho Neto Organization of Angolan
Pioneers (OPA). The women are being enrolled in the Organization of Angolan
Women (OMA) and the young people in the Youth Movement of the Popular Move-
ment for the Liberation of Angola (JMPLA), or party youth. In fact, things
are changing in the municipality of Kimbele.

By way of proof of support of the local people, the municipality of Kimbele
has received a steady stream of visits from high party and state officials.
For example, a party and government delegation headed by Evaristo Domingos
(Kimba), a member of the political bureau and minister of provincial coordina-
tion, and including Minister of Interior Alexandre Rodrigues (Kito), also a
member of the political bureau, Minister of Transport and Communications
Bernardo de Sousa, also a member of the Central Committee, Minister of Energy
and Oil Pedro de Castro Van-Dunem (Loy), Minister of Education Augusto Lopes
Teixeira, Minister of Fisheries Emilio Guerra de Carvalho, and Minister of
Internal Trade Adriano dos Santos Junior, visited the municipality of Kimbele
last 23 February to establish the concerns of the people and take the proper
steps to resolve problems on the spot.

The enthusiasm and happiness shown by the people of Kimbele in welcoming the
party and government delegation bore witness once again to their support of
the MPLA-Labor Party and the government of the People's Republic of Angola,
which have been able to direct the destiny of the nation on the basis of the
political choice made, oriented toward serving the interests of the Angolan
people.

Our compatriots returning from the jungle have seen that the MPLA-Labor Party
is after all the party of all the Angolan people, and that it is struggling to
“defend the interests of the people" and as a result, to build a society with
social justice, a socialist society.

Popular Meeting in Kimbele

During the visit paid to the municipality of Kimbele by the party and govern-
ment delegation, Evaristo Domingos (Kimba) presided at a popular gathering.

14



JPRS-SSA~85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AIR TRAVEL BOTTLENECK TO BE REMOVED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 14 Mar 85 p 2
[Article by Paulo Sergio: "Students and Teachers Will Begin to Board Planes"]

[Text] One LAM [Airlines of Mozambique] flight will be made this week
to carry students and instructors assigned to education jobs
in the provinces of the country's center and north, along
with others who are in the capital on vacation. This is a
result of the need for easing the current crowding, with about
400 students and instructors stuck in Maputo without being
able to continue on to their destination due to fuel and
other problems which caused LAM to suspend requests for the
charter of aircraft to carry those citizens. It is hoped
that all students and instructors (some of whom are still

in transit in the capital) will be at their posts by the end
of this month.

According to a source in the Secretariat of State for Technical and Vocational
Education, a flight chartered by the Ministry of Education early in February
of this year was not sufficient to carry the recently graduated students and
instructors.

Some of the supervisory personnel were left in Nampula, Tete, Chimoio, Beira,
and Quelimane, totaling more than 100 persons; it became necessary to send the
remaining students and instructors, who did not get on the charter flight due
to the difficulties faced by LAM, on the second charter flight which has now
been requested.

These persons, whose assignment to the provinces in the country's center and
north is the responsibility of SETEP [expansion unknown], will now have to
wait for LAM giving them priority to travel. As we were able to find out,
it is hoped that some of them will be able to leave this week according to
a request prepared by higher-level officials in that ministry.

Although the situation of the students and instructors logically should give

them priority over the other students who are still on vacation, taking care
of them takes all of the time devoted to this matter by SETEP.

97



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED IN TOMBOCO MUNICIPALITY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Tomboco--Municipal Commissar Antonio Bernardo Bingo of Tomboco has
told the ANGOP that the resources most lacking in his municipality are trans-
port vehicles, construction materials, technicians, medicines and others which
could contribute to the socioeconomic development of Tomboco as a locality
with natural potential.

The main basic activities in the municipality of Tomboco are farming and fish-
ing, the latter being pursued in one of the three coastal communes (Quinzau)
comprising the municipality. There are in Tomboco two farm cooperatives,
about 15 peasant associations and three associations of fishermen.

There is also in Tomboco a phosphate mine with all of the equipment for
exploitation. To date this activity has not been pursued because of a one-
year wait for Bulgarian technicians, the municipal commissar said.

That official stressed that the production of timber in this municipality is
excellent, and because of this, the provincial office of the National Forest
Products Enterprise (EMPROF) was established there.

Concerning marketing in the rural sector, Bernardo Bingo said that although
the figures obtained are positive, it is his view that in the years to come,
there will be more products available to the peasants, such as to avoid their
keeping the crops they raise at home due to a lack of products available for
exchange through the ENCODIPA [National Company for Purchase and Distribution
of Agricultura] Products].

In the educational sector, the provincial commissar noted the shortage of
teachers and installations needed to keep up with the population explosion
being seen among those of school age. The problem is aggravated by the fact
that some schools are about to collapse because they were not built as perma-
nent structures.

The problem of premises is also encountered in the health sector, since the
small center the municipality has is not adequate to accommodate the influx of
patients applying there.

5157
CSO: 3442/214

19



since the construction industry in this province is unable to respond, not
even enough to complete certain projects" which remain unfinished.

On the other hand, one of the alternatives for resolving the housing problem
in the province would involve undertaking self-construction of housing units
by the local population, using the principle that the interested parties
should be guided, advised and supported with regard to technical-material
aspects. The guidance and support of the people by the pertinent bodies rep-
resent an important contribution, as this will guarantee the building of
houses consistent with the norms and requirements of urban development.

Health Issues

On the other hand, the health service network in this southeastern part of our
national territory includes 24 hospital installations. Four of them, specifi-
cally the N'Gola Kimbanda, infant-maternity, pediatric and tuberculosis hos—
pitals, are provincial. All of them are located in the city of Namibe. There
are four municipal institutions and 16 others on the local level, in communes
in certain neighborhoods in the capital of the province of Namibe.

To these institutions are added the dispensary at the Bentiaba (formerly
Sao Nicolau) Reeducation Center and the sanitorium for tuberculosis and
leprosy patients in Caitou (municipality of Bibala). The last mentioned
institution is affiliated with the Kalukembe hospital in the neighboring
province of Huila.

The clinical facilities available to the hospital sector in the province,
which has about 192,056 inhabitants, are concentrated in the city of Namibe
(population of more than 100,000) where larger facilities are located, and
because the expert labor force for this sector is foreign, with only two
domestic physicians out of 19.

According to the documentation consulted, the province of Namibe has some

333 beds available for medical care, such that the index is 1.7 beds per 1,000
inhabitants (576 per bed). However, 74 percent of these beds are concentrated
in the hospital facilities located in the capital city, while about 18 percent
are at the health center in Tombwa (second largest city in the province, with
17,000 inhabitants). The other 8 percent are distributed among the health
centers in the municipalities of Bibala, Camucuio and Virei, which together
have 34.3 percent of the population of the province.

With 120 beds and 13 specialized physicians, the N'Gola Kimbanda regional hos-
pital cares for an average of 40 patients per day, while the provincial
maternity facility, which has 57 beds and two gynecologists, sees an average
of 25 outpatients daily. The pediatric hospital, in turn, which has more than
40 beds and two physicians, sees an average of 100 children per day.

The number of doctors serving in this province yields an average of one phy-

sician for every 10,000 inhabitants, as compared to a national index of one
physician per 16,000 inhabitants. There are also some thermal facilities in

48



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

POLICE CHIEF CITES NEED TO IMPRCVE TRAINING, AWARENESS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 2

[Report on interview with Zacarias Cossa, chief of traffic police of Maputo,
by Jorge Costa, in Maputo, date not specified]

[Text] "The Traffic Police is the agency responsible for enforcing
the laws in the capital, but we have shortcomings that can only
be corrected with our reorganization," Zacarias Cossa, chief of
treffic police of the city of Maputo, admitted to our reporter
yesterday, Cossa, who was recently appointed to the post,
acknowledged that the work of his department had been

"notorious" lately. "Still," he added, "we cannot excuse the
directors of the state companies, who continue to flout the
regulations of Decree 1/79 on the use of state vehicles."

The police chief's frank and objective statements not only confirmed but
strengthened the position which this newspaper took yesterday regarding this
matter. In particular, they also confirm that action is urgently needed to
end the many abuses of property that we all earned with our labor.

The new traffic police chief has held the post for slightly more than a month.
He found a situation in which “many vehicles are out of operation because they
have been poorly maintained during their short lives." He did not say it,

but we all can understand that, without vehicles, the traffic police cannot
perform their duties.

Meanwhile, the men stay on, receiving the same training, and the problems are
the same ones which currently face any sector of activity in the country.

In the end, the traffic police pass by the vehicles in violation and take no
action against the prevaricators [as published]. Chief Cossa admits that
police methods should be modified to make them more "operative."

“The Traffic Police is the agency responsible for enforcing the laws which
regulate automobile traffic, but it has shortcomings. For example, it is a

fact that we do not exhibit much of a presence at night, and this presence
ghould be bolstered immediately. The tendency has been to intensify our policing
in some locations during the hours of heavy traffic, when we should be working

24 hours a day.

93



JPRS-SSA-85-040

13 May 1985

ANGOLA

METAL MECHANICS ENTERPRISE PLANS PRODUCTION INCREASE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] The Light Metal Mechanical Enterprise (ENEMEL) plans to produce 900
tons of metal furniture and 240 tons of aluminum cookingware this year, the
ANGOP learned from its general director, Antonio Neves dos Santos, on Thurs~

day.

This enterprise, under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Light Industry,
and which produces various furniture items for offices, aluminum cookware and
mattress springs, foresees production success on the basis of raw material
supplies enough for the next 6 months of work.

More than 70 percent of the raw material used by the enterprise, its director
said, depends on the suppliers. If they operate without interruption, the
ENEMEL can operate at full capacity.

This enterprise, for which the suppliers are the paint factories, SIGA, PANGA~
PANGA, POLIANG, etc., has the imported raw materials, basically aluminum and
other supplementary materials, for the first half of this year guaranteed.

The enterprise director said that plans for this year call for the production
of 20,000 school desk sets, to be delivered to the EDIMEL [Regional Enterprise
for Acquisition, Production and Distribution of Educational and Teaching
Equipment], under the Ministry of Education, if no bottleneck develops in the
supply of sheet metal.

As to the mattress spring production line, the ENEMEL has already taken over
the installations of the former CAPSUL, where the units manufacturing this
product will be in production as soon as the equipment from the FANCOL and
EDAL production units is received and installed.

The enterprise official said further that the production of mattress springs
is not by any means equal to the number of orders, because of the shortage at
the enterprise of sisal pulp, a product which SIGA, the supplier, cannot, for
various reasons, deliver on a regular basis.

Another factor hindering the production of mattress springs is the low yield
of the equipment in use at the enterprise, since it is now quite old.

31



In his address he expressed the satisfaction of the Angolan people, the party
and the government at the action of the compatriots who voluntarily surren-
dered to the authorities, thus putting an end to a life in the jungle without
a future.

“The proclamation of national independence on 11 November 1975 represented a
triumph of the Angolan revolution under the leadership of the MPLA, and for
this reason, all Angolan patriots have a right to enjoy its fruits," Comrade
Kimba said. He went on to note that in 10 years of independence, the Angolan
people have been unable to live in peace because of the undeclared armed
aggression against us by racist South Africa and the treasonable attacks by

armed bandits.

"Now that you are reintegrated into the Angolan family," this Angolan leader
went on to say, "popular vigilence must be redoubled so that the enemy cannot
infiltrate our environment." Along with the tasks of defending our territo~
rial integrity, “productive activity in the rural sector must be a reality, so
that ‘the municipality will become self~sufficient,” Evaristo Domingos urged
the peasants present at the popular gathering.

Throughout his speech, the minister of provincial coordination urged the local
population to abandon any hostility toward the compatriots who have returned,
stating that “enmity and lack of understanding ended on the day when the
former members of the FNLA-COMIRA laid down their weapons."

The Angolan leader announced, as short~term measures, the establishment of a
health center, to be financed by the United Nations Equipment Fund (UNEF),
with a view to minimizing the lack of medical care and medicines available to
the local people. This Angolan government measure was welcomed with great
enthusiasm and happiness by the people present.

Hundreds Return From the Jungle to Buengas

About 5,000 people accompanied the 350 members of the former FNLA-COMIRA
surrendering to the authorities in the municipality of Buengas recently, where
intensive activity is currently under way to enroll them in productive tasks.

Provincial Commissar of Uige Zeferino Estevao Juliana recently visited that
municipality, where intensive activity is being done together with the local
authorities with a view to resolving some of the problems affecting the people
returning from the jungle.

At the popular gathering over which he presided, the provincial commissar made
a brief summary of the undertakings proposed by the party and the government
to reintegrate all the compatriots returning from the jungle.

In the view of the party and the government, he said, all of the compatriots

who have returned enjoy the same opportunities in the country, consistent with
the laws and the construction of the People's Republic of Angola.

15



JPRS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CENTRAL ZONE INTERPROVINCIAL CONFERENCE IN BEIRA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Feb 85 p 2

{Text] A central zone interprovincial conference began on 25
February in the city of Beira, chaired by Jose Andrade Cardoso,
vice president of the BPD (Popular Development Bank). The
conference is based on the theme: "Produce, and more within
the normal unit cost for production, to educate everyone on
issues of financing in the agricultural sector."

The meeting, which is taking place in the Palace of the Provincial Assembly,

is attended by representatives of the National Planning commission, the Ministry
of Agriculture, the State Bank and state companies in Sofala, Manica and Tete
provinces.

According to the vice president of the BPD, the meeting is the result of the
joint recommendation by the ministries of agriculture and finance and the presi-
dent of the BPD regarding the need for a better relationship between state
companies and financial institutions at the national level and [an improvement
in the] existing coordination of state companies and production units with

the financiers, which has at times been hindered by a lack of knowledge of

the role of the Bank and of the Finance Ministry.

In an important document presented by the Bank of Mozambique, it is noted that
when the companies incur losses or debts it is because they are not complying
with economic laws, and the reasons could be varied. The same document argues
that "the failure to master the technology or to oversee its application in

the production process, as well as poor pricing and marketing practices, which
result in loss of receipts, could be some factors contributing to the situation.”

According to the document, however, whatever the reasons for the damages, it
is almost always a situation in which more money must be put in circulation
to produce certain goods than we realize in profits from their sale, with all
the repercussions generated by this situation, specifically an imbalance
between supply and demand for the product on the market.

Speaking at the opening session, Jose Cardoso said that the experience amassed
in 10 years of independence and the efforts to train cadres at job sites and
in educational institutions led us to restructure and redesign the agrarian
sector, with the creation of companies with greater management capacity.

59



to think that it might continue to hold on to the initiatiye. First of all,
there was the new constitution and the maneuyering leeway which it might
create for the government with respect to the Western covntries., The
government was hoping that the world would view this as a serious proposal
for change, The second event was the trip by Mr P. W. Botha to Europe.

For the first time, he, along with Western leaders and many newspapers in
South Africa, described that trip as a diplomatic victory, something of
extreme importance to the government. This brings us to the third event
which is as important as the other two and that was the Nkomati Accord.
Through it, the government established itself not only as a government dedicated
to a process of domestic reforms but also as a government capable of taking
peace initiatives in the region, at the same time gaining some respect abroad.

These were important events for the government and at those moments the govern-
ment appeared strong and secure.

However, what followed after that caused the government to lose the initiative.
The masses in South Africa as such rejected the new constitution, clearly
demonstrating that they could not be pacified by so-called reforms. We said
very clearly that what was happening inside South Africa was nothing more than

a process of cosmetic change, a process that avoided touching on the fundamental
issues we have raised. We made it very clear to the government that its criteria
had no meaning. In the final analysis, only the criteria established by the
people of South Africa had any importance. Since then, the entire government
program has been falling apart.

"I do not think that it is the goal of the UDF to have all organizations under
its wing. That is not the main objective. The objective is for us to move
together on the really important points and to have a kind of coordinatéd .action
that will serve the objectives of the struggle. This is what we want to try to
do."

"What we are building within the movement is something that South Africa can
really be. If this does not come about within the UDF, I probably would not
have the courage to go on. At that point one could accept one of the positions
which they always offer me in Europe or in the United States and I would simply
have to go."

Today we know that the government's gains -- the visit to Europe, even Nkomati
and the new constitution -- are disappearing. This was demonstrated by the
elections to the so-called Mulatto and Indian Parliaments. It was demonstrated
in the struggle in the black districts. It was demonstrated by the 2-day
general strike. It was demonstrated by the extraordinary unity and determination
with which the South African people resisted the government.

The events surrounding the case of the British consulate in Durban -- during
which the administration committed gaffe after gaffe, the administration's
brutal response to our election boycott initiative, the mass arrest of our
people -- all this is indicative of the fact that the government is losing

112



One can see how, as part ef this policy, the ethnic divisions, the tribal
divisions, assume significance net enly in ideological texyms but also in
terms of structure and politics, This is always dangerous. The idea begins
to spread to the effect that you are a separate entity, that you are part of
a separate ethnic group, There is a piece of territory with all of the
institutions of a country, a president, a parliament, a government, and an
army. In reality however this has no meaning whatsoever and, although it has
no meaning, it is happening, it is here.

Therefore I think that it would not be correct for us to say that this does not
play a certain role. It does play a negative role because the government
managed to gain sufficient time, especially in he Western world, to supply a
structural expression for this particular ideology and that sort of thing is
always dangerous.

Tribalism continues to be a difficult factor because we not only have to dis-
mantle "apartheid" but we must also dismantle the structure of tribalism
created by "apartheid".

We take this into-consideration in our struggle and one of the things that is
bound to worry the government very much is the fact that, in spite of the strong
feeling of tribalism which the government created, we are managing to get over
that barrier.

Therefore, as regards those who are fighting -- I am not talking about persons
who just talk about the struggle but about those who are participating in the
ethnic structures, I am talking about those who are really dedicated to the
struggle, the majority of the people, and they represent the majority of the
people of South Africa -- tribalism does not matter any longer, it no longer
has any effect. One of the very strong aspects within the UDF is the fact
that this factor no longer has any importance.

Question: But does the UDF make an issue of the fight against tribalism?

Boesak: No, not among us. We are fighting against tribalism since it was a
factor that had to be taken into account in the government's strategy and in
the strategy of those who, within the black community, decided to work with
the government, those who, in the bantustans, accepted the policy of
bantustanization and who became leaders in those bantustans as well as those
who went along with the government's offer for a three-chamber parliament.

Question: So, you are still aware of the danger of. the creation of peripheral
nationalisms.

("Finally with the circle at last closed, the South African government will
only have its army left. And the people, defenseless as it is, will then have
to face that army and that is when the government will decide to murder innocent
people who cannot defend themselves as a way of holding on to its position. And
I maintain the position that the government will not capable of maintaining its
position.")

114



JPRS-SSA-85-0.
13 May 1985

ANGOLA

SOVIET WRITER COMPLETES VISIT TO ANGOLA
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 85 p 12

[Text] Luanda--Julian Semianov, the Soviet writer, who had been in Angola for
several days, returned to his homeland yesterday after paying a visit to the
TPA [Angolan People's Television] and to the Angolan Cinema Institute, as well
as meeting with Angolan writers, with whom he discussed numerous problems and
relations between writers and filmmakers.

During his stay in Angola, this Soviet writer delivered an address and par-
ticipated in a discussion on the theme "Literature and Television.” An intro~
duction was provided by the Angolan writer Luandino Vieira.

It should be noted that Semianov is the author of "17 Instants In Spring," a
series which enjoyed great popularity when shown on Angolan People's Tele-
vision. As a publicist and journalist, he has traveled to many countries,
becoming personally acquainted with such personalities as Ho Chi Min, Frnest
Hemingway, Luis Corvalan, Prince Souphanouvong, Rockefeller and others.

Semianov stated the following: "I believe that Angolan filmmakers will soon
be capable of doing substantial and very tasteful work, not only in Angola but
in other countries as well."

5157
CSO: 3442/215



JERS-SSA-85-040
13 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

STUDENTS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES PRAISED
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 1 Mar 85 p 14

[Text] Counting on the youth is not a challenge threatening the useful presence
of the aged. It is, on the contrary, a way of attesting in the future to the
pride of those who are currently concerned with gradually entrusting the
control of the country's future which the aged will not see; because, as the
saying goes: "Every journey, long or short, begins with the first step."

This should be the interpretation of the constant concern of the party and
government with the training of youth (whether at home or abroad) for the
various economic,. socio-political’ and cultural sectors and those for the
defense of the sovereignty of the People's Republic of Mozambique. That is
certainly understood by the youth trained or in the process of being trained
during the armed struggle and throughout these 10 years of independence.
Consequently, no one should be shocked by the final goal, which is the imposi-
tion of the new, to replace the old.

But speaking of the training of youth necessarily entails mention of those who
are expending efforts in that direction. Without discrediting the worth of
those trained internally, much less attributing secondary importance to the
training effort in the RPM, we devote this brief note to the young students
abroad.

At first glance it appears that nothing more can be said, other than the fact
that studying abroad is a privilege which honors the Mozambicans selected for
this purpose. But that does not suffice, because when one has only that
opinion, the situation might have the scent of nepotism; in other words,
holding the same views could mean that the finger was pointed at one person
or another to go abroad for studies, out of favoritism.

In fact, the privilege that’ many youths have had and still have to study
abroad applies to all Mozambicans, for this reason: In this country, only

the knowledge placed entirely in the people's service is of any use. Secondly,
to deserve that privilege, our students abroad have demonstrated their dedica-—
tion, in particular, and they were selected from among the best students or
workers in the sector to which they belong.

91



done. Now if the problems underlying the turnover are resolved, it will not
be difficult for the enterprise to begin to respond fully to the large number
of requests it receives.

It is encouraging to note, therefore, that a transition from word to deed is
imminent. Steps with a view to restoring and maintaining all of the social
assets of the province of Luanda are to be adopted by the provincial commis-
sariat and related bodies. There is every indication that these bodies are
determined to implement the guidelines issued by the party in this connection.

Although the work is still proceeding rather slowly in comparison to the need
seen, numerous green zones in the city have visibly been restored, as have a
number of sections of sidewalk, which with the recent torrential rains
experienced by the Luanda region, had become truly vast sandbanks. Other
basic measures are oriented, in the main, toward resolution of the garbage
problem, basic urban sanitation and the rebuilding of the electrical energy
distribution system,

The party leadership, with Jose Eduardo dos Santos as its spokesman, has
reasserted all possible support for these praiseworthy undertakings, “so that
our capital can become ever more charming, welcoming and clean, capable, with
its green and flowery gardens, of providing a worthy welcome and a pleasant
stay to all its guests and inhabitants."

In the address with which he concluded the First National Party Congress, the
president hailed the “tens of young people who, organized by the party youth
organization, have risen above all preconceptions and complexes and decided to
join with the community workers of Luanda to see to the cleanup and beautifi-
cation of our capital city."

Thus there is a prospect of and support for the likelihood that we will
shortly see a gradual change in the general appearance of Luanda. If this
does not happen, the officials in charge of the sector will certainly be held
responsible for the fact, since the basic conditions for attacking the build-
ing problem in clearly positive fashion do exist.

5157
CSO: 3442/219

36



According to information obtained, not all of these individuals are the
responsibility of SETEP since those who are in transit should be under the
control of the provincial education agencies because the education agencies
of their provinces of origin transferred them so that. they might continue
their studies in other provinces. But the fact is that, to go from one
province to another, the individual has to go through Maputo due to the
current air transport difficulties.

On the other hand, there are students and instructors who spent their vacation
time in the capital and who, finding it impossible to return, contacted the
SETEP to ask for the necessary papers to submit to LAM--since the latter

must comply with an order restricting the use of air transport facilities to
citizens in the service or persons holding priority certificates.

Several days ago, our editorial office received information according to
which instructors on vacation in Maputo did not manage to return to their
provinces to teach because SETEP.had not found the problem of priority trips
and papers.

Concerning this matter, a source in SETEP explained that the students and
instructors on vacation did this because no consideration was given to the
transportation problem which has already dragged on for some time and which
is nothing new to anybody.

LAM gave priority to the trips of persons with extremely urgent requirements
or in cases involving work or persons who were finishing their graduate
studies because they are the ones who were considered from the start of the
year on,

The persons who were on vacation here, by force of circumstances, will.

‘be. waiting for the second priority aircraft, because it was impossible to
send LAM a list of priority requests for the trips of these 400 persons,
according t an SETEP staff member.

At this time efforts are being made to clear the situation up following the
completion of the "discharge" of supervisory personnel from the other educa-
tion subsystems, such as cadre training and general education.

After this bottleneck has been cleared away, the students in transit to other
provinces in the country's center and north will be able to board planes.
Only after this has been done can the other students and instructors who are
now on vacation be taken care of.

While the authorities are trying to stagger the groups to be moved in order
of priority, the 8th March Center and the Maxaquene Home are sheltering about
300 students in transit to the provinces in the center and north; they will
continue their educational activities onithe basis of assignments made by
SETEP.

The large number of instructors and students who came to Maputo during their
vacation continues to remain in the home of their parents, waiting to return
to their points of origin and resuming their tasks for the 1985 academic year.

98



He subsequently explained that through a PETROFINA subsidiary in Angola, a
share is held in Block 4, where drilling work will begin on 4 February, with a
modern semisubmersible platform which arrived in Luanda on 30 January.

As is generally known, other participants in the contracting group in Block 4,
apart from PETROFINA (with 35 percent), are the BRASPETRO [PETROBRAS (Brazil-
ian Petroleum Corporation) International, Inc.] (35 percent), the SONANGOL
(20 percent) and BP [British Petroleum] (10 percent).

The operator's functions in this block are carried out by a mixed enterprise
in which the SONANGOL has a 51 percent share and PETROFINA and BRASPETRO hold
the remaining 49 percent in equal shares. The technical cadres for this
operating enterprise will for the most part be workers provided by the three
partners in the mixed enterprise.

Government Goals Exceeded

"Yhe FINA can pride itself today on employing a high percentage of domestic
workers on almost all levels. We have already surpassed the goals set by the
government in Decree No 20/82 for the end of 1985, and we are very close to
meeting those set for the end of 1987. In this connection, three Angolan
technicians occupy administrative posts in the FINA and two of them have spent
their entire careers with this company. This bears witness to the work in
depth which has been done," engineer Bandeira Vieira said at a certain point
during the interview.

And he went on to add: "But the rate of work will not be slowed because of
the results achieved today. Quite the contrary, they will encourage us to
move still further ahead with greater enthusiasm. Thus, along with continuing
to recruit personnel for its cadres selectively, the company intends to create
a training center for its workers, with its own installations and equipment,
in Luanda."

Further within the framework of this activity, Bandeira Vieira said, plans
call for the construction of three residential sectors in Soyo, Pinda and
Kitona. This project was coordinated with the architecture competition at
Agostinho Neto University, and representatives of the workers are participat-
ing. A vacation center in the environs of Luanda is also planned.

5157
cso: 3442/219

39