NIGER

BRIEFS

FRENCH COOPERATION AGREEMENTS SIGNED--Yesterday, the minister of foreign
affairs and cooperation, Mr Daouda Diallo, and the French ambassador to
Niger, His Excellency Maurice Courage, signed two agreements amounting to

7 million French francs, i.e. 350 million CFA francs. Under the first agree-
ment, France will make 5 million French francs (250 million CFA francs)
available to Niger to finance high-level technical assistance to the National
Office for Agricultural Water Supply. This technical assistance will include
advisers to the general director, the administrative and financial director,
and the study and works division director. The agreement also includes a
provision concerning specialized missions to be executed according to the
Office's specifications. Logistic support credits providing for the acquisi-
tion of three vehicles and covering travelling expenses will enable the
Nigerien admistration to carry out technical verifications and to supervise
the operations. The second agreement, involving 2 million French francs (i.e.
100 million CFA francs), will provide financing for a study concerning the
water resources development plan. [Text] [Niamey LE SAHEL in French 7 Dec 82
pp 1, 41 9294

cso: 3419/311

53



cso:

problem. All first and se-
cond-year students will,
from this academic year,
have to find their own ac-
commodation outside the
campus because the uni-
versity cannot lodge them
all in halls of residence.
But there are other prob-
lems too. As acting Vice-
Chancellor A. Ginyera~
Pinchwa told the new stu-
dents on October 7, this is a
trying period in the univer-
sity’s history, which. calls
for patience and restraint
on the part of all concerned.
For, said Prof. Ginyera-
Pinchwa, “cooking is done
on charcoal stoves, repairs
to halls of residence cannot
yet be effected, and water is.
not running. On the aca-
demic front, equipment,
chemicals, stationery and
text books are either in
short supply or will not be
available immediately.”
What the acting Vice-
Chancellor did not add,
however, is that there is
dire shortage of teaching
staff as well. The university
has not yet been able to lure
back the many internatio-
nal academics it once boas-
ted. At the same time,
many Ugandan scholars
have, since-the mid-1970,
left in~ ever-increasing
numbers to find better
working conditions abroad.

Two factors have ac-
counted for this brain
drain. First, there is the
poor state of the economy
(inflation runs at well over
1,000 per cent), which has
for a long time now made it
impossible for salary ear-
ners in general in Uganda
to make. ends meet. Se-
condly, there is insecurity,
which is itself a reflection of
the state. of semi-anarchy
which developed durin;
Amin’s time. :

3400/444

117

This is indeed dishear-
tening, considering that
only 10 years ago Uganda
had the biggest number of
trained indigenous person-
nel in East and Central
Africa. Currently, there is
not a single faculty or de-
partment at Makerere that
has all the staff it requires.
The worst-hit, perhaps, are
Medicine and Engineering,
where post-graduate stu-
dents have often been cal-
led upon to do most of the
teaching one year after
their graduation.

At one time in the late
70s, only one post-graduate
student remained on. the
staff of the Department of
Pharmacology in the fa-
culty of Medicine.

Some notable changes
and developments have,
however, taken place at
Makerere this year. From
now onwards, the academic
year will start in October
and end in June, instead of
from July to March.

This has probably been
intended to keep the uni-
versity in tune with similar
institutions in Europe and
America. And for the first
time ever, 10 students have
been enrolled ona Bachelor
of Dental Surgery. pro-
gramme. Previously, no
dental courses were run at

—degree level at Makerere.

But perhaps the most
touching aspect of it all is
the determination of the
students to learn despite
harsh conditions, the deter-~
mination of the academic
and administrative staff to
teach and run the institu-
tion ‘under such difficult
circumstances and the de-
termination of parents to
see their children through
university in improveri-
shed Uganda. —APS Fea-
tures "0



night and committing "extortion" (sic) are taking the risk of being shot on
sight by the military squad, the military police establishment, or the sol-
diers on special duty. In the same notice, the authorities warned that bear-
ing arms was strictly forbidden after 1830 hours. Instantly, the level of
disturbances fell noticeably in the capital.

Some private voices were raised, amid the panic in the French community, to
preach optimism and patience. Olivier Guerrini, an "old hand" in Chad, since
he has been present for 30 years, interspersed with visits to Cameroon and
France, who is the president and director general of SETUBA-Chad [expansion
unknown], is resolutely confident.

For him, the undeniable fact that not a single French national has been bru-
talized or threatened is not a matter of chance. This friendly attitude is
all the more remarkable in that poor procedures under French policy (the legion
in the sixties comes to mind) were numerous and tactless....Before arriving in
Ndjamena, one expects to see foreigners, especially the French, entrenching
themselves in their private houses; but on the contrary, they move about by
both day and night in complete freedom and without the slightest fear.

However, the unconfirmed news items by the French International Radio [RFI]
about "control of the North by the First Army of Abba Seid" spoiled this atmos-
phere, for a very short time, fortunately. The members of the embassy, with
Claude Soubeste at their head, spent 2 very bad weeks; then everything became
calm again, RFI deciding to reduce its news reports on Chad to a minimum.

We have carefully checked the possibility of an implantation of the other
political trends, besides the FAN. All information agrees: fighting, except
in the Doba and Moundou zone, ceased in August. In the Mongo-Ati zone, for
example, where the highway is still mined, a French nurse stated she had taken
care of only one patient with a gunshot wound lately: a young shepherd hit in
the shoulder, and not seriously. Attack or accident? She inclined toward the
second hypothesis, for the combatants are still firing in all directions at
the slightest opportunity, to demonstrate their joy or their drunkenness.

As for those wounded by bullets or shrapnel now being treated by the doctors

of the International Red Cross League and the Physicians Without Frontiers,
theirs are old cases, as is demonstrated by horrible purulency and gangrene.
The combatants wounded in earlier engagements remain for weeks at a time with-
out treatment, away from the medical centers, in the hope that local tradition-—
al treatments will clear up their wounds, often in vain.

On the other hand, nobody talks about the fate of the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti
(BET) region, either out of embarrassment or lack of information. But it is
obvious that this 114,000 square-kilometer strip has remained under Libyan
control -- which is nothing new, since that invasion dates back to the seven—
ties. And the FAN prefer to buckle down to the priority of national reconcil-
iation before tackling the principle of territorial integrity.

12149
CSO: 3419/130

19


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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



TANZANIA

TANZANIA GOVERNMENT STATEMENT CONDEMNS LESOTHO KILLINGS

EA101848 Dar es Salaam in English to East Central and Southern Africa
1600 GMT 10 Dec 82

[Test] Dar es Salaam: Tanzania has condemned in the strongest terms the
killings in Lesotho yesterday of more than 30 innocent people, including
women and children, by the racist regime of South Africa.

A government statement issued in Dar es Salaam today said the latest
barbaric, inhuman and unprovoked act of aggression against Lesotho was not
only a violation of its sovereignty and territorial integrity, it also
demonstrated the apartheid regime's complete contempt and disregard for
international law and practice on peaceful coexistence among states.

The statement said the wanton killings of innocent people, the destruction
of property, acts of sabotage and economic blackmail were all a continuation
of the destabilization campaign being unleashed against the frontline and
other states in the region. Tanzania was convinced, said the statement,
that the blood the racists were continuing to spill will not be in vain. It
will act as a catalyst to motivate the oppressed peoples of southern Africa
to close their ranks and redouble their efforts to wage the struggle for
their liberation.

Following Pretoria's arrogance, Tanzania has called upon the international
community to take appropriate action against the racist regime, including
the imposition of mandatory sanctions.

The statement extended Tanzania's heartfelt condolences to the government

and people of Lesotho, and particularly to the bereaved families, for their
losses.

cso: 3400/434

113



STERRA LEONE

KOROMA RECEIVES ROK FOREIGN MINISTRY OFFICIAL
AB150845 Freetown Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 15 Dec 82

[Text] The Korean Peninsula could become one of the greatest countries in
the world if the ideological boundary between north and south was peacefully
removed, Vice President S.I. Koroma said in Freetown yesterday. The first
vice president, who was speaking to the director general of the Department
of African Affairs at the Foreign Ministry of the Republic of Korea, (Sun
Yan Hung), said that Sierra Leone was in sympathy with the problems facing
the people of Korea. We hope and pray that she will be united peacefully one
day, he said. Mr Koroma welcomed Mr (Hung) to Sierra Leone on behalf of
President Stevens, the government and people. He told the visitor that
Sierra Leone was a small country with a small population but its people were
working hard to maintain standards.

On the relationship between the Republic of Korea and Sierra Leone, Mr Koroma
commended Ambassador Choe Chong-ik who was continuing the good work of his
predecessors to cement the bonds of friendship.

Mr (Hung) informed Mr Koroma that his current tour was a follow-up to the
visit to four African countries in August this year by the president of the
Republic of Korea. Sierra Leone was added to his itinery because of the very
excellent relations between the two countries, he said. Mr (Hung) expressed
gratitude to President Stevens and the people of Sierra Leone for their great
moral support to the people of Korea. Mr (Hung), who has already held dis-
cussions with officials of the foreign ministry here, leaves Freetown today.
He was accompanied to the office of the first vice president by Ambassador
Choe Chong-ik and the counsellor at the ROK Embassy, (Yong Bin Bay). The
secretary to the first vice president, Peter Koyembe, was also at the meeting.

CSO: 3400/432

62



affairs, and education and training. There has long been close cooperation in
defense and police work.

In parliament earlier this year, Prime Minister Botha said there was nothing
to prevent a confederal assembly from negotiating issues such as reciprocal
citizens’ rights, residential rights and work opportunity. In a confederal
framework, such matters were negotiated among independent states seeking con-
sensus without any one being required to sacrifice any part of its sovereignty.
True stability, said the minister of internal affairs, Mr F. W. De Klerk, on
his recent visit to Washington, means the ability to anticipate and accommodate
change, the ability to broaden participation in democracy without the destruc-
tion of democracy. That is the course on which my government has embarked.

cso: 3400/455

73



successful in projecting and applying force into Third World areas in the
pursuance of foreign policy objectives.

Secondly. the Soviet-Cuban presence in Angola has become firmly
entrenched and has taken on a permanent nature. Although it is often
believed that the military presence need not be permanent. it can hardly
be otherwise. present conditions prevailing. Inasmuch as the Soviet Union,
Cuba and Angola believe the Sovict-Cuban presence to be a consequence
of regional instability. it is also a definite cause of instability. Therefore, it
is doubtful whether the settlement of the Namibia issue. and the possible
reconciliation of the MPLA and UNITA. would prove otherwise. Because
of Africa's incapacity to fight its own battles, the use of surrogates has
become an acceptable mode of operation in conflict resolution. Unfortu-
nately, though predictably, the net result has been rather the enhance-
ment of conflict.

Thirdly, the Soviet backed initiatives in Angola, Southern Africa
and Africa as a whole, must be seen as an attempt at the gradual develop-
ment of a rapid deployment force. To further the evolution of the politico-
military Brezhnev Doctrine, a rapid deployment capability is necessary in
order to project influence anywhere in the world. In this respect. the
development of the infrastructure necessary for rapid deployment, as well
as the stockpiling of sophisticated conventional weapons and highly-
trained combat troops in Angola, must be noted

In the fourth place. the foreign presence in Angola must not only be
seen from a local and regional perspective, but also in its global context.
This means the projection of influence or coercion throughout the whole of
Africa, but also westward into the South Atlantic Ocean and Latin-
America.

In the fifth place, and most important, the Soviet Union as a major
and Cuba as a small power, have demonstrated that they can operate suc-
cessfully in the pursuance of revolutionary ambitions, without fear of inter
ference. The present situation is pushed to a point where the cost-risk of in-
tervention is minimal, compared with the maximum gain achieved. Al-
though the West has been ill-prepared in dealing with this development.
the Reagan Administration's acknowledgement of this fact, is indicative of
the perceivement of true Soviet goals.

In the sixth place, although the Cuban involvement is incompatible
with its non-aligned posture, this does not circumscribe Cuban activities a¢
present. An increase in the criticism from other members of the non
aligned movement, in particular Yugoslavia, India and Indonesia, coul
represent a resistance to accepting future Cuban actions. However, it is im
probable that such actions would constitute a significant constraint 0"
future Cuban involvement.

In the seventh place, although Cuban foreign policy decision-make®
have demonstrated a measure of freedom of choice and action, Cuba is 2
solutely dependent on Sovict support. Cuba's willingness and capability 1
initiate and undertake military operations in African states, could be un
dermined by applying greater pressure and demonstrating purposive
resistance to the Soviet Union's projection of power by proxy. Where the
African interests of the Sovict Union have become negotiable as a result of
other commitments e g Poland and Afghanistan, this indirect approach to
curbing Cuban involvement seems to be acceptable and feasible.

In the eighth place, the Cuban willingness to participate as a surro:
gate is to a greater extent the result of internal economic and social pro:
blems, than the result of “proletarian internationalism”. Because of in
volvement in Angola, surplus manpower is employed, thereby lessening in-
ternal pressure on the Cuban government.



Soldier Extortioners

We took refuge in the restaurant car. It was blazing hot. Civilians and
soldiers were passing the time drinking large bottles of corn beer.

The soldiers belonged to a motorized unit that was returning to its base
near Kinshasa after spending several months in the Shaba operational zone.
Most of the troops and material were traveling on a platform train behind
us. A few officers and under-officers had arranged to take the Rapid.

They were getting drunk. Quietly? One of them approached us uttering
threats in lingala that we would have preferred not to understand, but which
our neighbor translated for us ("He says you took his picture.... He says
he will have you interrogated by the counter-espionage service...").

Apparently there was no cause for panic. It was only a pretext to get us
to buy him a drink or give him some money; Zairian soldiers are as badly
paid as miners, when they are paid. But they have the advantage over civil-
ians of being able to carry arms. They rob, hold up, take it out on, and
victimize their fellow citizens. So, as for foreigners....

9855
csO: 3419/210

122



ZAIRE

GOVERNMENT CRITICIZED FOR STOPPING SCHOLARSHIP AID
Brussels LE SOIR in French 8 Nov 82 p 3
[Article by Etienne Ugeux: "The Sad Fate of Zairian Students in Brussels"]

[Text] Several organizations have denounced the Kinshasa
government concerning the Zairian students living in Bel-
gium.

The representative of the Solidarity Movement of Zairian Students criticized
Kinshasa's decision to stop supporting students with scholarships, even those
following an organized course of study in Zaire, as deeply unfair. He asked
how one can explain the fact that among those affected by this measure are
students specializing in scientific subjects which are unknown in Zaire,
whereas the president grants scholarships for studies like political science.

Furthermore, the scholarship money for the 700 Zairian recipients always
arrives 6 months late.

The representative of the solidarity movement also denounced "the collusion
between the Zairian authorities and the Belgian police for the purpose of
expelling former scholarship recipients who have refused to return to their
country before completing their studies or before receiving the 6 month back-
log of scholarship money owed to them." He also criticized the arbitrary
way in which the Belgian police are beginning to require that scholarship
recipients provide a certificate from a third party assuming responsibility
for them as well as their certificate as scholarship recipients. Finally,
he denounced the new measures adopted in Zaire setting requirements for ac~
cess to higher education (pay a "minerval" and have completed one's bacca~
laureat with at least 60 percent of the possible points).

9855
cso: 3419/210

128


SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL SPECULATES ON COST OF MASERU RAID
MB120913 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 12 Dec 82 p 38
[Editorial: "When the Fighting Has To Stop"]

[Text] Violence begets violence. This is the lesson which Lesotho learnt to
its cost this wekk as South Africa proved true to its promise to strike hard
against terrorists in neighboring countries which threaten its own stability.

How serious those threats were only South Africa's security chiefs know, but
it appears, from the evidence to hand, that the ANC targets selected for the
Maseru raid were involved in a planned Christmas campaign ‘of terror in South
Africa.

The temptation, therefore, to launch a pre-emptive strike and by so doing
bring home to all our neighbouring states-~and in the strongest possible way--
the cost of harbouring terrorists must have been overwhelming.

One can only hope that before the government took this fateful decision it
also reckoned the costs t6 South Africa of an action which however apparently
justified, could exact a very high price indeed in terms of both international
opprobruim and the stability of the sub-continent in which South Africa must
negotiate its future.

The first consideration, which one trusts weighed heavily with South Africa's
security chiefs, was the potential effect of the raid on the first glimmer-
ings of peace which dawned with the Angolan-South African talks on Cape Verde
earlier in the week.

It is too early to say whether those glimmerings will be permanently or even
temporarily eclipsed by the events in Maseru-~but the risk is high.

And if they are, there is a further risk that the guns of Maseru did more

than kill some would-be terrorists, but inflicted some very serious wounds on
South Africa's relations with a Reagan administration which has invested a .
great deal of its diplomatic capital in attempts to bring peace to the Angolan-
Namibian border and thus create a vital area of stability in Southern Africa.

68



Concerning the Dutch banks, in this case the Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank, which
finances the "Interbeton" company, a similar mechanism has been assembled:

a floating rate for 1 year and then a fixed rate, since it was not possible
to obtain an adequate subsidy on the rate of interest in effect (for example,
9.35 percent instead of the objective of 8.5 percent).

The British participants in the financing, with the Midland Bank of London
leading the way, divided their share in the following way: 23.5 million Pounds
Sterling for the Midland Bank, 23.5 million Pounds Sterling for the Paribas
[Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas] subsidiary in London, 5 million for the
Banque Nationale de Paris subsidiary in London, 5 million for Barclays Bank,
and 5 million for Lloyds of London. In the words of Ronald Jordan, represent-
ing the Midland Bank, this financial arrangement was "unique," with the
presence in the pool of these six different guarantee and credit organizations.

The French portion of the credit amounted to FF 1.205 billion for the civil
engineering. However, this total did not include an additional amount of
FF 61 million (CFA F 3.05 billion) for the expenses of the control mission.

However, the question does not even come up in financial terms. Six European
countries have voted for the train through the forest by guaranteeing the
equipment credits provided by about 15 banks. The credit guarantees are pro-
vided by COFACE (France), Hermes (Federal Republic of Germany), Ducroire
(Belgium), Export Credit Guarantee Department (ECGD for the United Kingdom),
SACE (Italy), and NCM (Netherlands).

Each country has provided its part of the financing, except for the Italian
equipment credit, which required the participation of 11 different banks
(Banque Nationale de Paris, Citibank, Banca Commerciale Italiana, Banque du
Benelux, Banque Internationale pour 1'Afrique de 1'Ouest, Banque de Paris et
des Pays-Bas, Credit Lyonnais, Europeenne de Banque, Midland, Lavoro Bank
Overseas, and the Societe Generale). However, the total amount of more than
$61 million was nevertheless guaranteed by SACE, the Italian credit guarantee
office.

The fixed rate of 8.5 percent interest obtained by the Gabonese authorities,
according to the agreement of 13 July, is advantageous if you consider that in
mid-October it was normally from 11.25 percent and more on the French market,
up to 14 percent, for example. Certainly, the cost of money is declining, and
this tendency should be accentuated, according to nearly unanimous predictions.

Compromise

This current tendency toward declining interest rates made it possible to
reach a compromise with the West German and Dutch lenders, whose rate of
interest is not subsidized. A satisfactory compromise was reached on both
sides, practically on the eve of the signature of the final agreement, which
was signed simultaneously with the Gabonese side. In the legal field the
Banque Nationale de Paris harmonized the various financing agreements as much
as they could, as the law in the various lending countries varies considerably.

26



HUGE EXPANSION FOR LEADING STEEL COMPANY PLANNED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 6

[Article by Julian Kraft]

[Text]

cso:

IN apparent contradic-'
tion of the slowdown in
the steel industry, Bald-
wins Steel, the coun-
try’s leading processor
of flat-rolled steel pro-

ducts, this year em- .

barked on a major ex-i
pansion programme
involving a total invest- :
ment running ‘to eight
figures. ;

The company has set up
Production operations at

lyn, Pretoria, and in
Port Elizabeth, chiefly to
meet the demand from the —
car manufacturers based
at these two centres.

Its investment in major
new plant accounts for R8-
million of the total, while the
remainder was spent on up-
grading, auxiliary plant and

ilding extensions, .

Andrew Embleton, general
manager, said the company, a
member of the Stewarts and

Lloyds group, had pressed
ahead Sith its expansion
plans in spite of the economic
downturn.

“We have been capacity-
loaded until now, and, al-
though we recognised that the
market would dip, the need to

cater to the demand when the

3400/4400

recession was over was a
more important consider-
ation,” he said.

“We expect to have spare
capacity while the recession
lasts, but at the same time we
do not think we will feel the
pinch as badly as the primary
steel producers.

“Manufacturers who nor-
mally use the direct channels
of supply tend during a reces-
sion to make use of stock-
holders such as ourselves as
they. do not want to tie up too
much capital in large inven-

the cake is
overall we to get a
larger share of it than in nor-
mal circumstances.”

Major plant brought into
operation this year: .

ries.
“Consequently, although
inished in size,

@ The first cut-to-length line

in the country in a service
centre for production of steel
plate upto 13,5mm thick, her-
alding Baldwins’ entry into a
new previously inaccessible
portion of the market. Pre-
viously the maximum thick-
ness attainable was 6mm.
“This offers greater flexi-
bility for manufacturers who
Have been dependent on the

pomary producers, where
jong lead times are involved,”
said Mr Embleton.

“We offer a 24-hour service
and the additional facility of

97

a cut-to-length service.” The
machine, at the company’s
Brakpan plant, began produc-
tion in September,

@A standard 3mm-maxi-
mum cut-to-length line at the
new Rosslyn plant, which
goes on stream. this week.
@A standard cut-to-length
line at Port Elizabeth, which
went into production in July.
@A new slitter at the Van-
derbijipark plant, thus tre-
bling slitting capacity.

“We have tended to have
backlogs on our slitting which
this will rectify. The new ma-
chine, which went into opera-
tion this month, also caters’
for longer runs, bigger coils
and a better finished product;
than our other machines,” Mr
Embleton said.

Other improvements effec--
ted this year include a spe-.
cially designed inspection
and stacking installation at
Brakpan, and transference of
the Durban branch from.
Maydon Wharf to new prem-
ises at the factory site in Pro-
specton.

“With the additional plant
installed this year we now
offer our service on a truly
national basis and we are
well placed to service large
contracts, as our back-up
facilities are more than ade-
quate,” Mr Embleton con-
cluded.


a long economic austerity program; abroad, to maintain, in accordance with
the wishes of Madagascar's financial backers in particular, the public image--
which is important to him--of a chief of state respectful of the workings of
institutions. Did he suspect that the "old man" would launch into the fray?
He could not have dreamed of a better foil.

The two men know each other well and respect each other. They are two "mpiziva"
("rivals but friends," in Malagasy), to use Mr Ratsiraka's own expression,

who adds: "I think of Monja as a father." Their sparring seems toconform

to a. gentleman's agreement, which precludes low blows. During the campaign,
however, the tone of both sides has hardened. The president's allies have
personalized their attacks on an opponent whom they consider protected by his
advanced age, a major asset in Madagascar.

Disillusionment of Urban Residents

They denounce his incompetence and his lack of education. Even political
parables, highly appreciated by the Malagasy, have become more cutting. The
chief of state readily compares the revolution to a bush taxi that must be
entrusted to a driver who is familiar with the highway code and who knows how
to read and write. To which Mr Monja Jaona retorts: "The driver's knowledge
matters little if the passengers vomit, if the baggage, poorly secured, is
blown away by the wind while the taxi continues its mad race ...."

If Mr Ratsiraka's victory is not uncertain, his score in Tananarive and in

the major cities--where the election's legitimacy seems assured--will constitute
the real test of the government's popularity. A number of urban residents

are tempted to cast a vote-sanction expressing their weariness and disillusion-
ment. Will Tananarive's middle class--lower or middle--avail itself of the
great thrill of a reprimand without risk? In the secrecy of the voting booth,
will the voter follow his heart or his reason?

The election will also make it possible to measure the real following of Pastor
Andriamanjato's AKFM, a resolutely legalistic party that is said to be clearly
losing ground in its domain of Tananarive because of its blind support of the
government. Its leaders, fearing confirmation of such a decline, wanted to
turn the presidential election over to a college of major electors whose power
is secure. Among the AKFM's rank and file, as in other groups, the support
given Mr Ratsiraka has led to unrest or bitterness. Some militants have ex-
pressed their disagreement, while others have defected to the other side.

To prevent such unrest, several parties had vainly tried to negotiate their
support. The Vonjy added eight conditions to its approval, but without re-
quiring their prior implementation. The MFM, which engages in critical support,
dragged its feet before expressing its endorsement. By deliberately staying
above the parties, as presidential logic dictates, Mr Ratsiraka refused in
advance to be subject to the pressures of his allies.

The election of 7 November will kick off a frantic political year. Elections

will be held in 1983 at all levels of the socialist pyramid, from villages
(fokontany) to the National Popular Assembly [ANP]. These elections, which

33



RWANDA.

BRIEFS

REFUGEES REPORTED COMMITTING SUICIDE--Thirty-five persons committed suicide at
the Ugandan-Rwandan border, as the Rwandan authorities had prohibited entry
into the country of refugees coming from southern Uganda, a representative of
the UNHCR (U.N. High Commission for Refugees) stated on Tuesday, 9 November,
in Geneva. According to this representative, who indicated that he obtained
this information from refugees coming into Rwanda, about 45,000 refugees have
been recorded over the past month at the frontier post of Tagitumba. The
refugees who committed suicide, he indicated, were aged or sick persons who,
having despaired at not being able to enter Rwanda, chose death rather than
remain in Uganda, where they were victims of exactions by local people.

These refugees, it may be recalled, are for the most part of Rwandan origin
and are trying to return to their country which they left in 1959 or in 1963.
During these 2 years a population estimated at the time at about 100,000
people left of Uganda, from which the indigenous people are driving them
today, burning their homes and plundering their property, according to the
UNHCR. The UNHCR has organized an emergency program for assistance to the
refugees, who are living in temporary camps in Rwanda or on the frontier, on
the Ugandan side. [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French 11 Nov 82 p 6] 5170

CsO: 3419/229

58



GUINEA

SEKOU TOURE ASKS 'LIQUIDATION' OF OAU PROBLEMS
AB201545 Paris AFP in French 1406 GMT 20 Dec 82

[Text] Dakar, 20 Dec (AFP)--President Ahmed Sekou Toure of the Republic of
Guinea, has called on African leaders to "liquidate the current contra-
dictions" within the OAU and to work towards the creation of a "United
States of Africa," in a speech broadcast by Radio Conakry and monitored in
Dakar,

According to Sekou Toure, the advent of the United States of Africa must be
manifested by the immediate establishment of four federal departments (com-
munications, banks, economy and cooperation, higher education and research),
establishment of a pan-African institute for the training of trade union of-
ficials and the constitution of a pan-African parliament on which the
government of the United States of Africa would depend.

The Department of Communications, the Guinean head of state stated, would be
charged with maritime and air transport and telecommunications and would
call for the establishment of a pan-African airlines company. The Federal
Department of Banks would coordinate the African banking systems, and would
create a Federal Central Bank and an African monetary zone with a common
African currency.

The Federal Department of Economy, Sekou Toure further said, would be charged
with, among other things, the execution of the Lagos plan of action (adopted
in 1980) on transactions with foreign countries concerning principal African
products.

Further, Sekou Toure indicated that each state "must be absolutely sovereign
within its internal framework and must preserve its state machinery" within
the United States of Africa, but must conform in all fields where common
decisions are reached within the framework of the charter of the "contin-
ental organization."

Finally, President Sekou Toure deplored the current crisis shaking the OAU. He
added that the OAU, under penalty of setting a dangerous precedence, can and
must only recognize countries and governments that effectively and in reality
exercise all the attributes of national and international sovereignty, in ac-
cordance with its charter."

csO: 3419/320

29



In his introductory statement, the PAI leader, Mr Majhemout Diop, stated
that his party intends to participate fully in the forthcoming elections.
However, he said, the opposition must not go to the polls-in dispersed
order. This is why the above offers were made. "The PAT," the PAI chairman
said, "has not said and, considering the present situation, cannot say whom
it is going to nominate or support. It does not have to be a PAI leader
and, if it is one, it does not have to be the party chairman." This state-
ment gives to understand that the party is waiting for the outcome of the
meeting initiated with other opposition parties before making a final de-
cision. Already, a joint appeal along this line has been made by the
Communist Workers League (LCT), the Workers Socialist Organization (OST),
and the African Independence Party (PAI). According to Mr Diop, the condi-
tions for a united participation to the elections can be defined only
through a broad consultation.

What are the chances of the PAI according to its leader? He mentioned two
possible cases. In the first case, the elections would be fair and there
would be no "cheating." In this case, he feels sure that his party would

be represented in Parliament. Even in 1978, he stressed, we received 10
percent of the vote in Thies as in the rest of Senegal. Globally, he expects
that, in this first case, the opposition will be strongly represented in the
National Assembly. "That will be a good thing for the Socialist Party, for
the opposition and for Senegal. A serious government is better off with a
serious and representative opposition working as a safeguard." As for the
presidential election: "I would not say that the Socialist Party is not
going to win," is all Mr Majhemout Diop answered, and he went on attacking
the election code "which, by excluding coalitions between parties, does not
allow the people to express itself."

In the second case, according to the PAI leader, we would have what he calls
"elections as usual." "The cards are marked in advance," he charged and he
maintained that his party had won the Saint-Louis election "less because of
what we were worth than for historical reasons" (transfer of the capital to
Dakar, candidacy of a list of young cadres coming from Europe; the town, which
had been a stronghold of the SFIO [French Section of the Workers International
(French Socialist Party)] was opposed to a merger with the BDS [expansion un-
known], according to the PAI chairman).

Mr Majhemout Diop had to answer questions concerning the reference made to
Sheik Ahmadou Bamba when he opened a party [as published] that claims to

be Marxist-Leninist, a doctrine that is atheistic in some respects. For him,
the essential is that religion not be "opium for the people." He went so
far as to say that all antifeudal struggles had taken place under the banner
of religion "which can be a leaven for the people." In Mr Diop's opinion,
Bambism is a rich doctrine where everyone can find what he is looking for,
whether in morals, religion or politics. The latter facet is the one which
inspired the "political liberation doctrine of the PAI." This is why, "we
call ourselves the people's Baye Fall." .

9294
CSO: 3419/305

61



ANGER EXPRESSED OVER SA'S LOW PRODUCTIVITY

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 16

[Article by Vera Beljakova]

[Text]

TWO major. companies
— Atlantis Diesel En-
gines and Nampak —
have lashed out at
South Africa’s abys-
mally low productivity.

If South Africa does not
polve its socks and rapid-
ly improve its industrial
spe ne

soon no longer
be able to compete on the
world’s .

‘This message was rammed
home by ADE’s managing di-
Set aprely act

lack of interest shown
fellow industrialists in the

skills
mathematics, applied sci-
ence, technical drawing,
trade theory, typing and sec-

retarial work.

Despite being situated
close to the industrial area, it
has not attracted non-ADE
trainees.

Mr Beckhurst slammed the
reaction shown by local

“The institute was estab-
lished for the coloureds’ di-
rect benefit and hence the in-
direct benefit of surrounding
industries. :

“Yet the centre, equip)
with the latest training aids,
has not attracted students.

“From the 70 local indus-
tries we have gained only one
non-ADE ee who has
been delegated to participate
ina course,” says Mr Beck-

it

“T find this apathy incom-
prehensible. The Government
is often criticised for lack of
guidance and initiative, but in
this case it is clearly the pr:
vate sector that has failed to
pick up the ball and run with

it.
““Only by mobilising the

...And Nampak Joins in the Attack

cso:

IN unison with Atlantis Die-
sel Engines, Nampak decries
the dismal state of South Afri-
ca’s productivity.

“[ must signal a warning
note,” says Bas Kardol,
executive chairman of the
Nampak packaging group.

“The rationale of increas-
ing salaries without corre-

nding increases in pro-
ductivity should be ques-
tioned.”
South Africa’s productivity
— for both black and white —

3400/4400

eampares unfavourably with
that of Europe, Japan and the

“Employees here are used
to receiving salary incre-
ments at least in line with
increases in the consumer
price index.

“As this practice is dis-
tinetly inflationary and ig-
nores changes in exchange
country's must reduce the
country’s competitiveness in
international markets.”

This productivity gap,
above all, represents a seri-

98

available — though dormant.
— reservoir of ur, by de-
veloping natural skills, by in-
stilling a sense of pride and

Fesponsibility for one’s job
ill South Africa succeed in
building a stable future eco-
nomy.” Meanwhile, ADE and
‘$s supporting industries are
continuing their dynamic ex-
pansion:

@Ferrovorm Group has es-
tablished a 10 000t-a-year
greyiron foundry, South Afri-
ca’s biggest and most techni-
cally advanced plant of its
kind,

@ Dorby! Group is putting up
a 7500t screwpress forging
plant for crankshafts and
connecting rods. When it
comes on stream in 1984, it
will be South Africa’s biggest
forging plant. .
@ A new 1000t-a-year alu-
minium foundry is planned
for 1983 plus a machining
facility to supply light met
components for producing
engines,

ous challenge to management
and hence remains an impor-
tant task for the future, ac-
cording to Mr Kardol, whose
annual group turnover leapt
from R459-million to R602-
million this year — including
the turnover of companies ac-
quired during the year.

"On the fifo accounting ba-
sis, operating profits in-
creased by 20% from Ré3-
million to R100-million, while
income after tax on the same
basis jumped by 18% to R60-
million, __



In fact, almost all of Zaire's copper comes from Kolwezi, flower of Katanga
(now rebaptized Shaba, meaning copper in Swahili), about which it has been
said is a "geological scandal," its subsurface is so rich in various ores.

The Miners of Kolwezi

Whether the year is good or bad, 400,000 tons of copper-bearing rock are
given primary treatment on the spot. They are plunged into vats from which
heavy red sheets emerge due to the magic of electrolysis; these are delivered
as they are or melted into lingots in small foundries like the ones we visit-
ed in Lumbumbashi, where a thousand workers exhaust themselves sweating blood
and water for the equivalent of 100 CFA Francs per day.

In rags, exhausted from fatigue and hunger, these workers are obsessed by the
fear of an accident at work or an incident with the foreman or an anonymous
denunciation which would make them lose a monthly salary which enables them
to buy a 30 kilo sack of cassava which the whole family will live on. For
this, dozens of persons seeking work--even poorer than they--congregate every
day in front of the foundry's gates.

Strikes are naturally rare; when they occur they are broken up by armed
force. Engineer Mutoke does not talk about these matters. He has been given
the assignment of guiding us. He withdraws into his role of technician and
makes sure he does not forget any figures. He drives us in a car to the
"Club House" of the "Gecamines," a state society derived from the famous
Mining Union of Upper Katanga, where we share a canteen meal with skilled
expatriate workers from Belgium, France, Italy and Portugal haunted by mem-
ories of the events of 1977 and 1978 ("you think they will remember that"),
those bloody blows from a population they pity ("one sees miners fall down
from starvation, do you realize that?") but with whom they do not mix: the
"native" quarter is considered dangerous at night for "pale faces." One is
advised not to venture into the barracks with corrugated roofs where the
Katangans forget their poverty drinking a local beer made from corn, bitter
and acid, while commenting passionately about the day's events.

But the next day, everyone goes to work. And while Kolwezi's production has
not yet reached its pre-1978 levels again, experts are optimistic about the
1982 results, which will permit a 10 percent increase over 1981.

"A fine score," murmurs a Frenchman from Longwy who has found his solution
to the crisis of the Lorraine steel industry here. A good source; the trou-
ble is that this production is flowing toward the market as though through
an eye dropper. It stays here with us. There are not enough trains to re-
move it.

That day, workers were loading five rusted train platforms under the indif-
ferent gaze of soldiers armed with Chinese rifles who were there to guard
the containers of cobalt, many of which have vanished into the arcane world

of contraband in recent years.

120


the nation's capital but, more modestly, of repairing infrastructures and
restoring the productive apparatus, in other words, of repairing the machinery
of the state in order to regain the confidence of the peasants. The great
energy projects have been shelved. The exploitation of bituminous sandstone
would require an investment of $600 million. Accurate estimates of reserves

of heavy oil still need to be made. Oil is the surest hope: Research permits
have been granted to four companies (three U.S. firms and AGIP [National Italian
Oil Company]).

This policy of restoration is very much in the background of the plan's goals.
Similarly, the IMF's deflationary rationale--reduction of subsidies, freezing
of social expenditures--is hurting the most impoverished and is cruelly con-
tradicting the government's socialist orientation. Overcoming this contra-
diction will probably require some ideological acrobatics. Mr Ratsiraka is
satisfied with proclaiming that "it is not shameful to borrow" and calls on
the people to make "new sacrifices ...."

In his eyes, neither the principles nor the methods of the Malagasy Revolution
are responsible for the failure. In short, socialism is innocent. "Those

who say that our current problems are due to socialism are liars," he observes,
"for the good reason that we have not yet achieved it."

The argument derives somewhat from intellectual evasion. With the Red Book,

Mr Ratsiraka believed he had found the way to carry out the revolution: a
realistic, consistent guide to action, supported by an overall vision of
Malagasy society. If the socialist seed did not take root, it is, he maintains,
because his fellow countrymen are changing their ways of thinking too slowly.
But is he prepared to learn the lessons of its failure?

The current development hardly delights the Soviets. Their military presence
remains their best asset. About 150 instructors maintain about a dozen MIG-21's
and control the radar installations at Ivato, the capital's airport. Many
Malagasy officials tolerate this intervention reluctantly. And two Iraqi
trawlers carrying electronic equipment and anchored off the coast of Antsiranana
(formerly Diego-Suarez) probably have on board Soviet military officers assigned
to watch the Mozambique Channel. Otherwise, Mr Ratsiraka has said "no" to
Moscow's requests: port and airport facilities, opening of consulates, etc.

U.S.-Malagasy relations have clearly warmed up. President Reagan received

Mr Ratsiraka during a visit. The visit of the White House's emissary,

Gen Vernon Walters, to Tananarive early this year was a success. Malagasy
officials are supposed to soon make a working visit to the United States.

The tirades against Washington in the press have disappeared. In one year,

the United States, the Great Island's second trade partner, has supplied it
with 55,000 tons of rice. Washington seems ready to increase its aid, although
without abandoning a certain amount of caution. The Americans--and this is

the important. thing--are optimistically gambling on Malagasy nationalism, which
they are striving to handle carefully. They know that Madagascar's Western
partners are in the best position to help the island overcome its present trials.

39


NEED FOR MORE CITIZEN FORCE OR SENIOR OFFICERS EXPLORED

v
Johannesburg ARMED FORCES in English Nov82 p 14

[Text]

The appointment of a Deputy Chief of the South African Ar-
my is a move that will as far as structure is concerned will br-
ing the South African Defence more into line with most other
armies. The SADF has a command structure, be it Army, Divi-
sion, Command or Brigade that provides for a Commander
who is followed in order of seniority by his Senior Staff Of-
ficer Operations (SSO 1 Ops). The Staff Table makes no provi-
sion for a Deputy Commander, Second-in-Command or for a
Chief of Staff, as is the normally accepted international pro-
cedure. The British have the system whereby the Divisional
Commander is supported by two Staff Colonels and the
Americans have a Chief of Staff who normally holds a very
tight reign on Departmental heads who can only reach the
Commander through him. The French have a Chief of Staff
system that goes down to Regimental level (a French Regi-
mer* consists of two or three battalions).

The Commander under the existing South African system
works directly with his senior staff officers, who have no
Chief of Staff acting as a filter or conveyor of orders. and in
the absence of the Commander it is the SSO 1 Operations
who in addition to his departmental functions acts as the
Commander. This practice places a very heavy load on both
the Commander and SSO 1 Operations and it is possible that
it was conceived to meet the requirements of an unconven-
tional war, rather than that of a conventional war. Even under
our existing semi-peacetime conditions this can place a
heavy load. time wise. on a Commander who has a large
number of military and civil commitments that he has to meet
which are all part of his task. It is all very well tor a senior of-
ficer to be delegated to attend these commitments but not
always as acceptable as a designated number two would be

Accepted practice is for the Chief of Staff to be engaged in
planning, while the Commander is controlling any operation
in which the formation may be engaged. a function that
would seldom if ever be necessary in low key unconventional
war. In theory all Staff Departments are able to work without
their heads and with depleted personnel, but to plan for a
large formation to be designed to run with it’s SSO 1 acting
as Commander and without a deputy plus an acting SSO 1. in
a conventional war situation would appear to warrant re-
appraisel. There are other mitigating factors in favour of the
appointment of Deputy Commanders or Chief of Staff that

81

SOUTH AFRICA



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

NEW TRADE AREA PROBLEMS--The financial future of the new preferential trade
area linking 13 southern and east African countries is still in doubt. The
organization's summit conference has ended in Lusaka, Zambia, with the election
of President Kaurida as chairman for the coming year and Mr (Senyana Tiyingi)
of Uganda as secretary ‘general. The states have pledged to help each other
and to lower trade barriers as a first step toward forming a common market.
Four states in the region which have not joined have been invited to do so,
and a $1.7 million budget has been approved for the coming year. However,
only three countries have paid their share of the expenses and there is less
than half a million dollars left to come despite repeated appeals for more
money. [Text] [MB180933 Johannesburg International Service in English

0630 GMT 18 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/485



CONGO

Role of CSC as Revolutionary Vanguard Described

(Kiala-Matouba; MWETI, 9 Nov 82)........eeeeees ec ee neces

Briefs
FAO Development Agreements Signed

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Briefs
Nigerian Donation

GABON
Developmental Role, Financing of Transgarbonese Railroad
(Jean-Pierre Challard; AFRICA, Nov 82)........+++-
GAMBIA
Results of President's Tour of Interior Noted
(Pape Saine; LE SOLEIL, 4-5 Dec 82)....-.+-eeeeeee
GUINEA
Sekou Toure Asks 'Liquidation' of OAU Problems
(AFP, 20 Dec 82)... . seeee
Message to Toure From Citizens in Freetown
(Conakry Domestic Service, 13 Dec 82).......+++---
MADAGASCAR
Dissatisfaction of Some of Electorate Noted
(Jean-Pierre Langellier; LE MONDE, 5, 6 Nov 82)...
Briefs
Cooperation With Vietnam
MAURITIUS

RS972 Million in Loans Negotiated

(LE MAURICIEN, 11 Nov 82)....... tte eee cece cece eens

C of C Mission Discussed

(LE MAURICIEN, 4 Nov 82)...sssesecccessercceeceeeeee

Briefs
Nationalizations Issue
Sugar Employees
Airport Closure
Police Brutality

20

22

23

24

28

29

30

31

41

42



[6 Nov 82 p 5]

[Text] II. Westerners to the Rescue.

Leaving hardly any doubt about Mr Ratsiraka's reelection,
the presidential campaign in Madagascar has been character-
ized by the violent criticism which, after 7 years of
"socialism," the president's opponent, Mr Monja Jaona,

has directed at a government whose ideological choices he
nevertheless shares. The population's bitter discontent
over the deterioration of the situation has been expressed,
in particular, by the harsh assessment made by the churches
(LE MONDE of 5 November).

Tananarive--A woman, still young, waves her precious green banknote and ex-
claims indignantly: "There, that's what I have to live on every day, 500
francs. Enough to buy 3 kilograms of rice."* She has eight children.
"Politics," someone nearby adds, "is for the intellectuals. For us, it is
a matter of survival." Farther away, two MONIMA militants go to get the
tapioca that they will use to paste up the purple pictures of candidate Monja
Jaona. Here in Ankazomanga, on the outskirts of "Tana," the "old man's"
election harangues are having an effect. This is still the city and yet
already the beginning of the ricefields, a landscape of small dikes and huts
made of dried mud. The proud Palace of the Queen is only 3 km away as the
crow flies.

The slaves of the monarchs used to live in this district, which today houses
"seasonal" farmworkers. At the time of the terrible hurricane in January,
they were among the capital's 60,000 homeless. Nearby in Ambohimanirina,
the AKFM party, which controls the municipality of Tananarive, applies the
old precept: "Rice and toys." The toys? Old wooden horses. As for the
rice, the long lines in front of the government stores suggest that it is
not the best distributed commodity. We always return to the commonplace.
When rice is doing poorly, nothing is going well in Madagascar.

The Great Island harvests more than 2 million tons of paddy rice, only one-
tenth of which is marketed, to feed the cities. Each year, the gap widens
between production--which has been rising steadily, however, for 10 years--

and needs. It is becoming more and more expensive to bridge the gap. In

1982, the country will have imported 280,000 tons of rice. At this rate,
according to President Ratsiraka, it will have to purchase 500,000 tons of
rice in 5 years. Breaking this vicious cycle is a national emergency. At

the risk of disturbing the social peace, the government reduced consumer sub-
sidies in May. The price of rice doubled overnight. But it is often necessary
to "hunt for rice" and buy it at the full price on the parallel market.

There is nothing unique about the often described multiple causes of the
Malagasy agricultural disaster. They are the result, as is often the case

in the Third World, of governments' profound ignorance of the workings,
reactions and expectations of rural society. The prices paid to the producer,

*One Malagasy franc (FMG) is worth 0.02 French francs.

36



With the assistance of the United States, Angola could achieve an internal
settlement between UNITA and the MPLA, and this could lead to a Cuban with-
drawal and a settlement in Namibia.

The biggest obstruction to prosperity today in Angola comes from the Soviets
and Cubans. The MPLA Government would do well to muster enough courage to get
rid of these people.

cso: 3400/455

67



The answers are self-evident. Cross-border raids may indeed be necessary to
contain a security situation that is slipping out of the control of the police
and the normal internal security forces. The comments of the government's main
political opponents in the past few days have made it clear that few people
will object to such raids when they are inescapable.

But the need for such raids is evidence in itself of political failure.

The killing in Maseru may have brought us a little more time to seek politi-
cal solutions or it may, like the Anglo-Boer war, have sown the seeds of
political conflict that will stretch across two or three generations. Either
way, it should spur us all to seek negotiated solutions to the tensions that
are driving this country down the path of war.

If military action has a purpose, it is perhaps to drive men to negotiate.
The raid on Maseru, the loss of civilian life and the killing of innocents,
can perhaps be morally redeemed if it leads the leaders of this nation to
confess that we really have no choice: We can negotiate now or we can kill
until we are sated, and then negotiate.

cso: 3400/455

76



059338
JPRS 82597

7 January 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

9b 6060866)

No. 2744

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY }
» NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE|

| US. DEPARIMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



MWU PLANS UNITED WHITE FRONT

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Dec 82 p 2

[Article by Steven Friedman]

[Text]

cso:

3400/440

THE Rightwing Mine
Workers’ Union is to launch a
long-planned campaign to re-
cruit white metal workers on
a large scale as part of its
plan to “organise all white
workers into one union”.

If it succeeds, the strength
of opposition to labour re-
form could grow.

This follows the announce-
that the Departmedt of Man

it it of
power has, after a three-year’
reat cat's greiotical
registration to give it offici
bargainin; ts a at Iscor’s
Vandlerbi} pa

It now plans’ to to oS ecruit
white metal workers at both
Iscor and private firms in
Vanderbijl, Pretoria, Wit-
bank and eventually Newcas-
tle and says many white
workers who belong to rival
tnlons have already applied

in it.
he MWU applied for this
extension in January, 1980
but all the unions who repre-
sent white workers at Iscor
whose members the
MWU is seeking to recruit
‘objected and may now react
angrily to the extension.

seek to recruit. all white
workers.

As other white unions
signed agreements with em-
loyers. opening the way for

ck job advancement in
metal and other industries, it
charged that it was the only
union prepared to “protect
the white worker’s real
interests”.

This move was seen as an

102

attempt to. build a united
white worker front against
labour reforms, but the
planned recruitment of met-
al workers was held up by the
delays in obtaining extended*
registration to represent
‘them.

MWU general secretary,
Mr Arrie Paulus, said yester-
day the union’s extended reg-
istration at Vanderbijl would
enable it to “spread its

“This isa great break-
through which will enable us
to recruit as many whites as

ible in the hope of form-
ing one union for all white

pected
ip f 2006-3 000 at’ the
plant it would open an office
in Vanderbijl and seek. to re-
eriut workers from other!
metal plants there. |
Mr Paulus said the union’
now planned to also seek ex-
tended registration for Is-!
cor’s Pretoria works where,
he said, it had already had
700 applications. It would
also open a Pretoria office. .

time” but also planned to Te)

cruit later in Witbank andj
Newcastle.

Mr Paulus said some of the,
workers who had joined were’
artisans, but many are be-
lieved to belong to the SA
Tron, Steel and Allied Work-
ers ‘Union which, like the
MWU, belongs to the all-
white Confederation of

Labour.
He said he did not believe

this would hamper relations

between the two unions.

SOUTH AFRICA



These barges enabled us to escape the lot common to other travellers. Thanks
-to the accommadating attitude of a port official, we were allowed to board the
tugboat which was to take these barges to Kinshasa. We would have to live
and sleep on the deck, but we were lucky. The Nkoye (leopard in Lingala) was
supposed to have left a week ago--itsdelay was a windfall for us. It was
scheduled to leave the next day at dawn for an 800-km trip which Captain
M'Bokolo, a hopeless optimist, expected to cover in 5 days. Captain M'Bokolo's
dream is to navigate in Europe, on the Meuse or on the Escault, at least once
in his.life. Should his wish come true, that promises to be a sight: M'Bokolo
is probably the only captain in active life who pilots a train of barges as
he would drive a Ferrari.

All the same, his sportsmanlike driving did not enable him to respect the
delays he had set for himself. Especially because, the water level being low,
we could not navigate by night. Also, troops had embarked on another train of
barges. They were scheduled to leave about the same time as the Nkoye. Not
wishing to confront them in the open country, M'Bokolo had again delayed our
departure by half a day. After that, he did his best not to catch up with
them.

Thus, we eluded the troops for several days.

The Nkoye was carrying only copper and cobalt. Part of its holds was reserved
for the cassava and corn collected along the river. Every time we came along-
side near a village, a noria of porters shuttled between the traders’ ware-
houses and the holds. According to the custom, one bag out of 10 is set aside
for the crew. Any trader who would not follow that custom would never again
see aboat of the national navigation company come alongside his warehouses.

"It can't. be helped," M'Bokolo said. "I earn 10,000 CFA francs per month.
That's barely enough for my cigarettes. I have two wives and six children.
With the bags, we make a decent living."

The profit is distributed among the whole crew, the size of the shares varying
with the rank. Because he wanted an oversize lion's share, M'Bokolo came

near to causing a mutiny. It happened between Pangu and Yuki: the men stopped
the machinery and occupied the bridge. They were determined; they had knives
in their pockets, and their hands were on the knives. The parley lasted three
hours. It was finally arbitrated by an elder, to the satisfaction of the crew.

The elder was a just man. He even insisted that we should get our share.

Obviously, M'Bokolo was upset. He went full speed and slalomed between sand
banks. Until he ran one of the barges aground.

Under the impact, the steel cables broke and a huge bitt came loose. In the
captain's defense, it must be said that the only maps he had had been drawn
20 years ago by the Belgian colonial administration. Since then, beacons have
never been placed on the river at regular intervals and sandbanks have moved.
To add to the confusion, the sounder in charge of estimating the river depth
with a pole had gone to warm up his evening meal.

125



JPRS 82597

7 January 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
No. 2744
CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PTA States To Establish Common Tarrif Policy

(Lusaka Domestic Service, 20 Dec 82).......cceeeceseveeee 1
Briefs
New Trade Area Problems 2
ANGOLA
FLEC Deserter Reports Dissension Among Officials
(AFRIQUE DEFENSE, Nov 82)........0 een eee eee wees sees 3
Cuban, Soviet Presence, Strategy Analyzed
(ISSUP STRATEGIC REVIEW, Nov 82)......eeeeeeeeeeee eee e eee 5
Briefs
. Reduced Humanitarian Activity iL
Defense Efforts ii
CAMEROON

Interview With UPC Leader, Edouard Manga
(Edouard Manga Interview; LE MATIN, 8 Nov 82)..... seeweeee 12

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Briefs
Information Minister Leaves Baghdad . 14

CHAD

Conditions Promoting Victory of Hissein Habre Noted
(Jean-Pierre Challard; AFRICA, Oct 82).....ecceeeeeeeneee 15

-a- [IIL - NE & A - 120]



SOUTH AFRICA

FUTURE DEPENDS ON WHITE-BLACK INTERDEPENDENCE
MB141420 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 14 Dec 82
[Station commentary: "Securing the Future"]

[Text] By coincidence the news has been dominated during the past week by
events that concern the opposite poles--the extreme right and left--of the
South African political spectrum. It was ironic but appropriate, since it
doubled the effect of the point they made: That is, that the future of this
country, the security of its widely diverse peoples, would be determined by
the overwhelming majority who are committed to stability in a dispensation
that does justice to all.

The extremes are disqualified by definition. Between the extreme right and
left in South African politics there is, as there has been in every society in
which the two have existed together, a marriage of minds on parts of depart-
ure. They are at one in their meanness of spirit and comprehension, justi-
fying their existence in the blatant advancement of their sectional interests
through the suppression of others. They are equally incapable of dealing with
the complexities of our society. Being unable to acknowledge the legitimate
aspirations of groups other than those they claim to represent, they are
equally unequipped for negotiating fairly on the realization of such aspir-
ations.

Thus, neither has anything to offer South Africa in building a secure future.
What they do offer--a society racked by the bitterness borne of rights denied
and the abiding insecurity that is the by-product of privilege unearned--is
the certainty of unending conflict. Theirs is a counsel of despair based in
the frustration of the self-seeker. But South Africa's future will be decided
by the logic of its complex situation and the determination of the people to
deal with it. It will be built on the knowledge that for a society's institu-
tions to endure, they must be the product of agreement on commonly accepted
premises,

There is broad consensus in the country today on what those premises are: A
peaceful dispensation, community security and political structures for ac-
commodating economic interdependence. They are endorsed throughout the racial
spectrum as the fundamental criteria to be met in the evolving order. They
have been determined by the irrefutable sociological and economic facts, in

103



GABON

DEVELOPMENTAL ROLE, FINANCING OF TRANSGABONESE RAILROAD
Dakar AFRICA in French No 145, Nov 82 pp 70-71, 72

[Article by Jean-Pierre Challard: "The Transgabonese Railroad: Biggest
Construction Project in Africa"]

[Text] A constellation of European and American banks, represented for the
occasion by serious representatives and directors general, took part in an
exceptional financial event, both in terms of the size of the credits provided
and the complexity of the procedure involved. This took place on Wednesday,
13 October 1982, in Libreville.

In the presence of the first deputy prime minister and minister of transport,
Georges Rawiri, the Gabonese minister of finance, Jean-Pierre Lemboumba,
cosigned with the providers of the funds for the Transgabonese railroad the
numerous agreements confirming the difficult negotiations which were effec-
tively concluded that day.

Three months earlier, on 13 July 1982, the Gabonese government had signed the
work contract entrusted to the Eurotrag consortium, while a preliminary agree-
ment to this contract was signed by President Omar Bongo himself on the
preceding 13 May. The civil engineering work was estimated at CFA F 168
billion (in constant August, 1981 francs). However, the whole of the second
segment, which will be completed in 5 years, should cost at least CFA F 325.6
billion.

This considerable difference is explained by a clause in the contract
concerning revision of the price, which provides for a margin of risks and
unforeseen developments and which assumes an arbitrary inflation rate of 15
percent per year. It should be noted that the inflation rate in Gabon
presently varies between 11 and 12 percent, which provides some security to
the contractors.

The Eurotrag consortium, which initially included 17 European construction
companies for the first segment, now includes two new British partners: George
Wimpey International and Taylor Woodrow International, who, by themselves,
have carried off 22 percent of the total amount. The financiers of the City
of London, as we had reported in a previous study in AFRICA, have landed in
force in Gabon, determined to destroy the tenacious myth of France's "private
hunting ground."

24



SOUTH AFRICA

UNIONS TO MEET ON SCRAPPING OF REGISTRATION
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Dec 82 p 4

{Article by Jentje Knuppe]

[Text]

BLACK ‘trade’ unions
in the mining industry.
are to meet early next’
year to discuss the
scrapping of registra-

the chamber’s decision on’

registration. is feared by
some as likely.to lead to a
mad scramble for Black .

‘members in the industry

long as it recruits’ suffi-?
cient. numbers. of Blacks
im the fields it ‘wishes
to represent and. meets”
other criteria for recogni-

tion by the Chamber of beni chamber may re
Min prerequisite ; it as a ne; r
for recognition. ° for Blacks as well_as
widely - ap- Coloureds and Asians.
* plauded in labour circles, « a. > Smoott

Mr Ike van der Watt,
general secretary ‘of
FMECWU, said yester-
day that the’ chamber’s |
decision on registration

unless sored was interesting and would’
can agres on and a:
demarcation of areas of smooth the path for many
cruitment. “There's «a ’ chance
though, that there might:
chamber lees the Bsc bé-a. real ‘scramble for
workforce on mines wide Black members now and I
Open to recruitment from” only | that unions

all sides. Even unions
registered to accept only
Whites in their ranks will
be: able-to’ recruit Blacks
and negotiate for them
provided they can attract.
“significant” membership
and obtain recognition
from the chamber accord

ingly.

Explosives and Chemical

‘The Federated Mining,”

take care not to grow too
fast. and exceed the cap-
abilities of their“ infra-

structures. :

“It’s easy enough to re-
cruit members and now
the field is wide open for
such recruitment. What is
not so easy is to sustain a
union’s activities and re~
tain its members.”

Workers’ Union, at the Breakthrough

moment rej ‘The general secretary
Coloureds and “Asien of the National Union of
has already approached Mineworkers, Mr Cyril
the chamber for guidance. Ramaphosa said his union
on this aspect. would be careful not to

It has been told that as:

83

tush into mass recruit-
ment at the expense of



HARD TIMES HIT NATION'S HARBOURS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Dec 82 p 11

[Text]

cso:

3400/4400

SOUTH Africa’s major ports *

have seen a drastic slump in
the number of ships berthed
each day, with Cape Town
being the hardest hit with no
working ships in port during
the past few days.

‘A spokesman for the port
office in Cape Town said this
week that for the second time
this year there were no deep-
sea general cargo vessels in

rt.

“There are only a few
coasters and fishing trawlers
here. On Sunday night we had
a few container vessels,
while on Friday there were
only two working ships in
port,” he added.

- In Durban, the average
number of ships in port has
dropped by 10%.

“ the past three months
we have seen a marked de~
crease in the number of ves-
sels in port and we anticipate
that it will drop even further,
but not to the extent of Cape
Town where there are no
ships in port,” explained Dur-
ban’s port captain, Capt Mal-
colm Rose.

During a recent tour of
Natal, the General Manager
of the South African Trans-

ort Services, Dr Kobus

bser, said the situation
reflected how recession in
the world economy was af-
fecting South Africa.

‘Six vessels are presently

78

waiting for cargo at the outer
anchorage, with some having
been waiting idle for more
than a month.

“Under normal circum-
stances such as the beginning
of the year, we were averag-
ing 45 ships in port per day.

~ “In the last three months.

this has dropped to an aver-
age of 35 per day, but we
don’t anticipate this figure to
drop to less than 25 per day.”
Capt Rose said.
affie through Richards

Bay, however, has remained
fairly consistent with coal
quays working at 90% capa-
city and bulk cargo ships
having to wait for berths.

The number of ships han-
dled by Port Elizabeth had
dropped about 40%, said Capt
Edward Page, the harbour’s
port captain.

The decline in traffic, he
said, had become apparent
towards the middle of this

year.

This month the port has
been handling about three
vessels a day in comparison

with six a day earlier this

ear.

x ‘The world maize surplus
had caused a slight downturn
in exports through East Lon-
don, but traffic had generally
kept flowing fairly steadily
with between three and five
ships calling daily, said port
officials there.

SOUTH AFRICA



exploitation of opportunities when they arise. preferably through military

rather than other means. In this context. success becomes guaranteed by '
the use of overwhelming or unopposed force. In conclusion the Soviet and

Cuban objectives and strategies can be termed harmonious and com-

plementary, but not necessarily synonymous.

Implications of the Continued Soviet-Cuban Involvement in Angola

‘The continued Soviet-Cuban presence in Angola must be evaluated at
three levels. that is, national. regional and global. Within each context.
different issues tend to dominate

Ac the national level. the foreign intervention is directly ‘imed at the
maintenance and perpetuation of MPLA rule in Angola. In this respect it
is a case of Soviet-Cuban involvement not only safeguarding the MPLA
against the relatively successful UNITA onslaught, but also preventing any
future revolt or disloyalty from within the rank and file of the MPLA party
structure, as has previously been the case. During the past few years it has
become increasingly clear that the MPLA is having difficulty in controlling
and containing the UNITA insurrection in Southern Angola. Although
propaganda campaigns on both sides have confused the issue, UNITA has
since 1975 been instrumental in preventing the normal use of the Benguela
railroad, as well as in undermining MPLA control over large parts of
Southern Angola. As an anti-UNITA initiative, a Cuban force of reported-
ly between 10 000 and 15 000 troops supported by armour. has been
assembled in Southern Angola, as well as a contingent of 2 000 East Ger-
man paratroopers. purportedly to train black paratroopers. Their main
objective is to give active assistance to the MPLA anti-UNITA drive. This
is a significant departure from the previous back-room role allotted to the
Cuban and other proxy forces.

At the regional level, the Sovict-Cuban involvement is far more com-
plex than generally believed. Although it can be related to the whole sub-
continent, reference is made only to support given to the protracted in-
surgency in South West Africa’ Namibia. In view of its possible effect on
the prospect of regional stability in Southern Angola. this facet of external
intervention is of great importance. The viewpoint of the Angola
authorities has since 1975 been one that the problem of Cubans in Angola
is the direct result of the problem of Namibia, | Where it has initially
heen believed that the continued Soviet-Cuban presence was mainly a
reaction to UNITA resistance, it has now become clear that Namibia is the
focal point. The possibility is not to be excluded that foreign troops will
become more actively involved in the SWAPO campaign directed at the
South African territorial force in Namibia. © This would more so be the
case, following successful South African cross-border raids into Angola.
aimed at destroying the military and political back-up infrastructure of
SWAPO.

‘As Mr Theo Ben-Curirab, SWAPO’s representative to the UN,
recently stated, Cubans would give direct support to SWAPO. This is ac
cepted by the Angolan government who has given the assurance that the
Cubans and East Germans will not leave Angola. before an election has
been held in Namibia in terms of Resolution 435 of the UN Security Coun-
cil, and the situation has “stabilized”. According to the Angolan Foreign
Minister, Mr P Jorge. “Wien Namibia becomes independent and aggres-
sion from South Africa is finished. then we will say to the Cuban comrades
".. you can go home now”. This is a viewpoint long held and reconfirm.
ed by most African leaders, as expressed by Pres Julius Nyerere of Tan-



MOZAMBIQUE

RNM RADIO CITES MACHEL'S OPPOSITION TO RELIGION

MB171448 (Clandestine) Voice of Free Africa in Portuguese to Mozambique
1700 GMT 15 Dec 82

[Station commentary]

[Text] The so-called secretariat of the People’s Assembly recently issued a
communique entitled "Day of the Family" in reference to 25 December, which is
regarded worldwide as Christmas.

The FRELIMO government is nothing but a bunch of liars, and it is not by chance
that they are liars. We all remember Machel's speech at the time of the country's
first Christmas after independence when he shouted loud and clear that

25 December was an ordinary working day for the Mozambican people. He also said
that 25 December was the day when the colonialists used to enjoy themselves

at the expense of the Mozambican people. Machel said then that on 25 December
Christians would be given half of day of grace and that non-Christians would

work as normal.

Machel is now trying to go back on his word, but it is too late. He issued the
communique through the People's Assembly to give the impression that it was not
being issued by the party, so the rulers would not have to face an embarrassing
situation before the international community and our people, who are always
watching for FRELIMO's tricks. FRELIMO cannot deceive the people for

25 December is and always will be Christmas Day, a day of happiness for all of
mankind. We, the people of Mozambique, will not pay attention to the FRELIMO
clique. For us and the world at large, 25 December is Christmas Day, and even
if the government had not declared a public holiday on this’ occasion we would
have stayed at home.

With or without a holiday, 25 December is a day of peace, love and fraternity.
Whether they like it or not, FRELIMO is the enemy of the people. We, the people
of Mozambique, do not fear oppression imposed upon us by the FRELIMO government.
We want to be free in our country where the future can look bright for us. We
want to give our children an adequate education. We have our own personality,
but FRELIMO is trying to destroy it for the benefit of Moscow's communism.

Our happiness and tenderness, and our children's innocence, have been destroyed.
FRELIMO send our children abroad to get a terrorist education in which only
Marxist doctrine is learned. It is this doctrine which is causing disgrace
among mankind.

48



TIMING, IMPACT OF PC'S SECOND REPORT NOTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 38

[Article by Ivor Wilkins:

"Burp!

Constitutional Course"]

[Text]

What a Mouthful from the PC After the Main

SOUTH AFRICA

tution now is remarkably like a host serving hors d'oeuvres while his diners
are at the coffee and liqueur stage.

It ‘might create a
mild sensation, but has
scant hope of affecting
the course of a meal
already in the stage of

discreet burps and in-

cipient indigestion.

ile the Government
obviously has. little option
but to be polite about the
receipt e report, it is
abundantly clear that its
impact on the current con-
stitutional exercise will be
minimal.

In an interview with the
Sunday Times published
elsewhere today, the Minis-
ter of Constitutional Devel-
opment, Mr Chris Heunis,
makes it clear that it is the
Government’s guidelines
that are policy. And in poli-
tics, it is policy that counts.

The guidelines, outlined
by Prime Minister P W
Botha at the National Par-
ty’s Federal Congress in
Bloemfontein at the end of
July and since endorsed by
the party’s four provincial
congresses, are the basis of
on-going consultation with
members of the coloured
and Indian communities,

apparent lack of sta-
tus for the PC document
once again raises questions
about a body that, with an
estimated cost to date: of
well over R5-million, must

90

rate as the most expensive ~

commission of inquiry in

' Unlikely

With. its recommenda-
tions on Pageview and Dis-
trict Six summarily ig-
nored by the Government
and its central level consti-

“Yes, it does not augur
very well for the prestige of
the council,” conceded one
Government source this
week. “But, that is if you
look at it only from a cost-
effective point of view.

“Its real value lies in its

bolism. It was impor-
tant to create a multiracial
body of this kind and allow
it to function. In that sense
it has been worth it.”

Apart from its too-late-
to-really-matter arrival,
the President's Council doc-
ument is strange in other
ways. It certainly will have
done little to enhance the
reputation of the constitu-
tional committee, despite
its racial and political
mix, as guardians of demo-
cratic tradition.

For, the second report in
material aspects is dis-

For the President's Council to produce a second report on the consti-


Add to this the hostility of Lesotho itself--a country with which South
Africa has lived in albeit uneasy accord--and the cries of "We told you so"
from other Southern African states which have long attempted to persuade the
world that South Africa is the cause rather than the victim of instability in
the sub-continent, and the costs come very high indeed.

But even if, after all these were added up, the raid appeared unavoidable;
it is to be hoped that the government realised that, if violence begets vio-
lence, only negotiation can ensure peace.

That one day the fighting has to stop and talking start if the spiral of
violence in this unhappy corner of the world is to be halted. And that hope

for all its inhabitants lies not with more Maserus but with many more Cape
Verdes.

csO: 3400/455

69



GUINEA

MESSAGE TO TOURE FROM CITIZENS IN FREETOWN
AB141125 Conakry Domestic Service in French 2200 GMT 13 Dec 82

[Message from the Union of Guinean Nationals in Freetown to Guinean President
Ahmed Sekou Toure following a meeting at the Guinean Embassy in Freetown on
12 December held under the chairmanship of Guinea Ambassador Sekou Konate]

[Text] From Freetown to the supreme leader of the revolution in Conakry.

The Union of Guinean Nationals in Freetown, meeting under the chairmanship
of Ambassador Sekou Konate along with his associates at the Guinean Embassy
on 12 December 1982 following the violent raids carried out by the Sierra
Leonean authorities against Guinean nationals and, in particular the Foulahs;
considering the position taken by the Guinean Government on the situation;
considering the unity of action and solidarity which the Guinean nationals
showed in Freetown showed in conformity with the ideologies of our great
party state, the Democratic Party of Guinea; considering the role that the
people of Guinea and their government play in the liberation of the African
people; considering the fight being carried out by the Guinean people against
any form or racial and tribal discrimination. Highly appreciates the message
that the supreme leader of the revolution sent to the Sierra Leonean head of
state for the release of some Guineans; expresses its sincere thanks and its
gratitude to our party and in particular to the supreme leader of the revolu-
tion for his unconditional support and [word indistinct] which led to the
release of our fellow countrymen.

We, Guinean nationals in Sierra Leone, reiterate our indeffectible attachment
to the principles of our party state, the Democratic Party of Guinea, wish the
father of the Guinean nation long life and good health [word indistinct]
African revolution, President Ahmed Sekou Toure.

Ready for the revolution signed: Union of Guinean Nationals in Sierra Leone.

CsO: 3419/296

30



MAURITIUS

RS972 MILLION IN LOANS NEGOTIATED
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 11 Nov 82 p 4

[Text] Loans totaling approximately 972 million rupees
have currently been negotiated by the government with
international financial institutions and friendly nations.
These loans will be used to finance development projects
and to import food staples. Furthermore, loans of close
to 437 million rupees have been finalized or negotiated
since 15 June 1982.

In addition to the 450 million rupees ($45 million) that the government has
requested from the World Bank in the form of a Second Structural Adjustment
Loan, two loans of 150 and 100 million rupees respectively have been negotiated
with this same organization to finance the second phase of the Plaines du Nord
irrigation project and road maintenance work, respectively.

Discussions have been held with the Indian Government with the objective of
getting it to release a credit line of 100 million Indian rupees (around

117 million rupees) for imports of durable goods. An agreement to this effect
had been signed during the visit of Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to
Mauritius. The details of this loan will be examined during the meeting of
the joint Indian-Mauritian commission to be held in Port Louis at the beginning
of next year.

In regard to imports of food staples, the Mauritian Government has approached
the French (through the National Bank of Paris) and American (US AID) governments
to obtain loans of 30 million francs (48 million rupees) and $3.5 million

(35 million rupees) respectively. Furthermore, negotiations are in progress
with the CCCE [Central Fund for Economic Cooperation] for three loans:

(a) 25 million francs (40 million rupees) for the bagasse pelletization project;
(b) 15 million francs (24 million rupees) for a stock breeding project;

(c) 5 million francs (8 million rupees) in credit lines to the Development Bank.

In a statement to the Legislative Assembly on Tuesday, Minister of Finance

Paul Berenger commented that several proposals for the new loan of 1 billion rupees
or more have been received and that they are being studied. "It is premature

to indicate the names of the parties concerned and the terms of such loans," he
said, while stating that no expenditure has been made and no commission paid

in this regard. "Parliament and the public will be kept informed of develop-
ments," added Mr Berenger.

42



who wanted to work but could not because other workers were on strike. This
followed.a two-week. strike in the Eastern Cape by at least 10 000 black and
coloured members of Fosatu's National Automobile and Allied Workers. Union.
During the strike, the Iron, Steel and Allied Workers' Union, the biggest
union in the all-white Confederation of Labour, claimed many of its members
were forced to live on charity because the strike had closed motor plants.

It asked that UIF money be allocated to its members to help tide them over, a
request which led to Mr Botha's announcement. The plan was attacked by
unionists and by Eastern Cape motor employers, who said it would be impossi-
ble for them to distinguish between workers who wanted to strike and those
who did not. They said they would refuse to attempt this. Dr Van der Merwe
said yesterday the R2-million was still available if needed. But he said the
plan was devised to "meet a specific situation" and would only be implemented
if this arose again. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 30 Nov
82 p 3]

UNITA LINK--Windhoek--The Rundu businessman who was one of three people in a
light aircraft shot down in Botswana at the weekend, Mr Jose Lopes Francisco,
has trade links with Dr Jonas Savimbi's Angolan guerrilla movement, UNITA.

Mr Francisco--known in Namibia as "Mr Lopes"--represents Johannesburg-~based
company, Frama Intertrading which buys Angolan teak from UNITA and trucks it

to South Africa at a price which helps Dr Savimbi wage war against the MPLA
government. "Mr Lopes" is also director of a related Namibian company

Namibian (PTY) Ltd. The records of this company are kept confidential in the
Windhoek registry--by order of the administration-general in terms of an article
in the companies act, according to the registrar of companies, Mr D. J. Strauss.
For more than two years huge teak logs from the forests of Angola's timber-rich
Cuandao-Cubango region in the south-east have found their way to the South
African market through the Frama conduit. In this way Frama has--either
consciously or unconsciously--acted as UNITA's commercial wing in southern Africa.
Attempts to discuss the matter with the Frama directors—-one is believed to be

Mr Arlindo Manuel Maja--have proved fruitless. But, recently, Dr Savimbi admitted
he was sending ivory, diamonds, and timber to South Africa. It is still not
known what "Mr Lopes," the pilot, Mr Hennie Van Rensburg, and a third occupant,
Mr Mike Bartlett, were doing in northern Botswana. [Peter Honey] [Excerpt]
[MB180954 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Dec 82 p 23]

MASERU FLIGHT CANCELED--Another South African Airways [SAA] flight to the
Lesotho capital has been cancelled. The flight from Jan Smuts Airport to
Maseru has been diverted to Bloemfontein. A Lesotho Airways representative says
SAA explained the cancellation was due to operational problems, but observers
in Maseru believe the move is part of a punitive campaign the South African
Government appears to be conducting. They say this follows the Lesotho
Government's decision to continue to welcome ANC exiles in Lesotho. This is
the third time since the 9 December South African defense force raid on Maseru
that the SAA flights have been cancelled. [Text] [MB201621 Umtata Capital Radio
in English 1200 GMT 20 Dec 82]

SADF ACTIONS--The chief minister of Kwazulu, chief Gatsha Buthelezi, has complained
to the Kwazulu commissioner-general, Mr P. N, Hansmeyer, about alleged activities
of South African defense force soldiers in the Ingwavuma area. This follows
complaints that armed members of the defense force have been visiting villages

in the eastern part of the Ingwavuma magisterial district and interrogating

111



president; D. Jagarsingh, secretary and A. Lowtun, spokesman of the MGU, in turn
denounced the "repressive attitude" adopted by the authorities, demanding the
repeal of the Public Order Act, a law which they term "a reactionary gag order."
[Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 10 Nov 82 p 6] 9693

BAGASSE PELLETS--The bagasse pelletization plant will be located in Deep River/
Beau Champ, the Council of Ministers decided yesterday. As is known, this
project, which falls within the context of the government's stated policy of
making the best use of local energy sources, will be financed by the CCCE
[Central Fund for Economic Cooperation]. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN
in French 12 Nov 82 p 4] 9693

FRENCH VISIT--Two French missions, one to study the possibility of making better
use of local materials in construction and the other to define measures intended
to protect our environment, will visit Mauritius shortly. This is due to the
request of the minister of housing, lands, town planning and the environment,
Mr K. Balagadoo, to French authorities that the French experts make this visit.
Mr Balagadoo, who went to France on a private visit, subsequently turned his
visit into an “official visit," and in this capacity he was able to meet with
his French counterpart, Mr Quillot, as well as with high level French officials.
[Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 8 Nov 82 p 6] 9693

PRIVATE SCHOOLS--It seems that the government has decided to go ahead with the
idea of. closing certain private secondary schools as suggested by the World Bank
and the IMF. At least this is what Dr Swaley Kasenally, who is substituting

as minister of education during the absence of Mr Ramduth Jaddoo on a trip abroad,
admitted yesterday. The minister, who was responding to a question from

Mr Armoogum Parsuramen of the PSM [ Mauritian Socialist Party], stated that the
matter is currently under study and that the government is examining all its
implications, financial or otherwise. As soon as a political decision has been
made on this matter, it will be communicated to all parties involved.

Mr Parsuramen wanted to know the number of students who would be affected by such
a measure and the.solution the government proposes for finding alternative employ-
ment for the teachers who will be laid off. [Text] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN

in French 17 Nov 82 p 1] 9693

POLITICAL RENEGADES-~Prime Minister Aneerood Jugnauth yesterday reconfirmed the
government's intention to prepare legislation to prevent any form of treason.

Mr Jugnauth, who was responding’ to a question from PSN [Mauritian Socialist Party]
Deputy V. Goodoory, recalled that the government has already made a commitment
in this area. This legislation, stated the prime minister, will be presented
together with other amendments to the Constitution. Responding to another
question from Mr Goodory, the prime minister again confirmed that members of
Parliament will be asked to declare their assets at regular intervals once

they are elected. "I have already informed the Chamber of the government's
intention to proceed with this matter and appropriate measures have already been
initiated to this effect," stated Mr Jugnauth. [Text] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN
in French 17 Nov 82 p 1] 9693

CSO: 3419/239

47



ZAMBIA

KAUNDA CLOSES PTA MEETING, SALUTES LESOTHO
MB171850 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Dec 82

[Text] President Kaunda has saluted the gallant stand taken by Lesotho over
the barbaric South African raid and called on all progressive forces to unite
in total condemnation. Dr Kaunda said in Lusaka today that the impressive
type of courage and determination Lesotho has displayed gives him confidence
that the subregion will succeed in all its plans.

Closing the inaugural Preferential Trade Area [PTA] authority meeting, he
said the fact that Lesotho is still able to participate fully after unpro-
voked attacks by racist South Africa is a testimony of great resolve.

Reiterating Zambia's condemnation of the invasion and barbaric massacre of
innocent women and children, Dr Kaunda said the moving narrative earlier
given by Lesotho Minister Mooki Malapo was a very sad one.

Meanwhile, Dr Kaunda has warned against complacency among PTA member-states
over the successful launching of the organization, saying there was need for
continued hard work in order to maintain the momentum.

Earlier, Ugandan President Milton Obote called for mutual trust and confidence
among member-states of the Preferential Trade Area. Dr Obote said some prob-
lems could arise in the course of implementing the PTA ideals because of some
lingering colonial ties that cannot be easily broken, and it is up to Africa
to confront these through collective effort.

Fifteen east and southern African countries attended the PTA summit. They
include the Comoros, Ethiopia, Mauritius, Rwanda, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
Others were Djibouti, Kenya, Lesotho and Malawi, while Angola, Botswana,
Mozambique and Tanzania participated as observers.

The summit meeting adopted several policy decisions mapped out by the countries’
ministers meeting held to regulate PTA operations, and the presidents and heads
of government delegations which met in Lusaka for the PTA meeting have strongly
condemned the recent South African raid into the Lesotho capital of Maseru
whichleft 42 people dead. In a communique issued at the end of the 2-day
summit today, the leaders condemned the savage and unprovoked aggression by
racist South Africa against the Kingdom of Lesotho.

cso: 3400/467
132



The following loans have been finalized or already negotiated:

(a) Central Fund for Economic Cooperation: 25 million French francs (40 million
rupees) for development of the telephone network. This loan is repayable in

10 years, with payment delayed for 5 years, The interest rate is 5 percent

per year.

(b) Central Fund for Economic Cooperation: 53 million French francs (86 million
rupees) for improvements to the Plaisance Airport. The loan is to be repaid

in 15 years, including a 5-year grace period. The interest. rate is 5 percent
per year.

(c) World Bank: $12.2 million (122 million rupees) intended for improvement
of the water supply system. The interest rate is 11.43 percent per year and
repayment. is staggered over a period of 17 years, including a grace period of
4 years, The government will also have to pay a commitment charge of 0.75 per-
cent each year.

(d) European Investment Bank: Four million ECU's (41 million rupees) in a
credit line to the Development Bank. It will be repaid in 15 semiannual
installments at an interest rate of 8 percent per year. Payment is delayed
for 5 years. A commitment fee of 1 percent per year is also charged.

(e) African Development Bank: Three million units of account (35.5 million
rupees) in the form of a credit line to the Mauritian Development Bank. An
interest rate of 7.5 percent per year, a statutory commission (1 percent per
year) and a commitment charge of 0.75 percent per year are charged on this
loan. The repayment period is 9 years after a 3-year delay.

(£) African Development Bank: 3.3 million units of account (39 million rupees)
to repair the Grande Riviere Nord-Ouest bridge. Loan conditions: interest rate
of 4 percent per year, commitment fee of 0.75 percent per year, repayment in

18 years including a 3-year delay.

(g) IFAD: 5.25 million in special drawing rights (63 million rupees) for
agricultural development projects. The interest rate is 4 percent per year.
The loan is to be repaid in 15 years after a 5-year delay.

(h) Kreditanstalt Fur Weideraufbau: 4.5 m marks (12.2 million rupees) for
the electrification of Rodrigues. A commitment charge of 0.25 percent per
year and an interest rate of 2 percent per year are charged. Repayment is
staggered over a period of 20 years after a 10-year delay.

9693
cso: 3419/239

43



SOUTH AFRICA

OPINION POLL SHOWS WIDESPREAD REFORMIST ATTITUDE
MB151204 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 15 Dec 82
[Station commentary: "Support for Constitutional Reform"]

[Text] Support for the South African Government's new constitutional propos-
als is still being received from all spheres of the population. The latest
reaction is that of the South African Association of Chambers of Commerce,
which has welcomed the initiative. In a statement it said it believed that
political stability, which is one of the basic aims of the proposed political
dispensation, and economic progress were interdependent.

The results of an opinion poll published recently by the SUNDAY TIMES have
shown that there is widespread reformist attitudes prevailing in the country.
Most white South Africans, including members of the opposition parties, sup-
port the new constitutional deal. The poll indicated that about 50 percent

of progressive Federal Party supporters, the official opposition, would vote
yes in a referendum on the proposals. Most coloreds and Asians have reser-
vations, but were in favor of their leaders negotiating further with the
government for a more acceptable set of proposals. Only 20 percent of coloreds
and 25 persent of Asians wanted nothing to do with the new deal.

The decades-old deadlock of the inherited Westminister-type constitution is
being broken. Consensus~seeking will characterize the style of government in
the new dispensation, Constitutional Development Minister Chris Heunis has
stated. Shaped by the realities of South Africa's multi-ethnic and plural
situation, the new mould offers both protection for community control over
our own affairs, and a means for achieving consensus in matters of common con-
cern. It will reflect the two core realities: the common as well as the sep-
arate interests and demands of this country's white, colored and Asian com-
munities.

Such a system would be one element of the overall framework. Another is the
linkage with the independent black national states in a confederation, and in
that development also the point has been reached, says Mr Heunis, where the
ideals become practical politics. At present, there is cooperation through
standing committees in a variety of spheres, including posts and telecommuni-
cations, agriculture, transport, health and welfare, monetary and economic

72



cso:

3400/448

are worth consideration. With our Citizen Army we have very
few ranking Citizen force Officers, at present the count
reveals: South African Navy. 1 Commodore; South African Ar-
my; 1 Brigadier, CF; 1 Brigadier, Short Service (ex CF).

With the Citizen force element making up plus 90%:of the
total South African Defence Force strength there must be a
need for more senior officers to be trained to fill the many
senior Staff posts that will be created by any form of mobiliza-
tion and the answer could well be found in the appointing of
senior Citizen Force officers as Deputy, Chiefs of Staff or
Second-in-Commands to the existing Commanders.

The two United States national Guards, the Army Guard
has a strength of 400 000, are generalled by their own officers
who are appointed by a Board that consists of two Regular
general officers and one National Guard general officer. The
future generals are drawn from colonels who have served a
required number of years in that rank and who have had the
necessary education in the various US Service School
system. This system does work and one possible reason.
perhaps the major reason, is that the United States military
system has a history of firing incompetent senior officers.
This was the case with many, many National Guard general
officers during the early months of the last war. It was a case
of here today, gone tomorrow. But the programme had provid-
ed a pool of general officers who had had the opportunity to
complete top level study and gain knowledge as
understudies.

Shortly after the outbreak of the 1939/45 war the Union
Defence Force had a number of Citizen Force Brigadiers as
operational brigade Commanders and it is quite possible that
the role that these Brigades undertook would today be fulfill
ed by Divisions. In any appointment of this nature there are
many obstacles that would have to be overcome the most dif-
ficult would be the finding of a man who is able to complete
both a high calibre civilian and military occupation at the
same time and complete the required periods of military
Study. While we do have the rank and file. they make up the
bulk of the SADF. drawn form the civilian sector we do not
have the senior ranks. and if this is considered a necessary
requirement now that the threat of a conventional war has to
be faced - it is time to appraise the situation. As has been so
often stated we are a citizen army. and somehow the com-
mercial and industrial sectors have to be convinced that it is
their senior personnel who have a role to play within the
South African Defence Force. And that commerce and in-
dustry can derive benefits from their personnel qualifying on
senior SADF courses.

The original Defence Act of 1912 made provision for the
post of Commandant General an officer that was responsible
for the Citizen Force. The first incumbent being Brigadier
General C.F. Beyers; perhaps the time is now ripe for the ap-
pointment of a Commandant General for the Citizen Force
drawn from the ranks of the C.F.

82


which are not much of an incentive, have discouraged the peasant. Physical
insecurity has accentuated this lack of interest. The dahalo, cattle thieves,
have assembled, in certain regions, veritable small armies that are in league
with local residents. Irrigation canals are neglected, seed stocks have
diminished, already mediocre yields--less than 1.5 tons per hectare--have
declined even more. The cooperatives, imposed from on high, have failed.

The peasant has rejected the rural credit system, which implied a collective
liability of the local community in the event of failure to repay loans.

State control of distribution has disrupted traditional trade. The establish-
ment of huge government corporations has broken the fundamental link between
supply and demand. What is the point of obtaining a surplus when the stalls
are empty? The agricultural bureaucrats, taking the place of the Chinese

or the Indian, have become the new usurers. A11 cash crops are stagnating

or declining. The Ministry of Agriculture is looking for a legal way to permit
French cotton companies in the northern part of the island to expand their
plantations, since they alone are obtaining satisfactory yields.

The Industrial Failure

Any agricultural renewal can only be total and affect prices and yields, the
improvement of techniques and the development of research all at the same
time. Production and distribution must be restored on an equal footing. But
the transportation system is crippled and the fleet of vehicles in operation
is in a wretched state. Several dozen Romanian buses are slowly rusting in
a suburb of Tananarive for the simple reason that spare parts for them are
no longer made in the country of origin. The economic machine--three-fourths
of which is controlled by the government~--has run out of steam.

During his election campaign, Mr Ratsiraka stepped up openings of industrial
plants, but the industrial sector is operating at one-third of its capacity.
Companies are closing their doors for lack of raw materials. What good is

a naphtha plant that satisfies the country's annual needs in a few weeks?

A pharmaceutical company without basic products? A textile factory--at
Tulear--in a region without cotton? A flour mill--at Antsirabe--which pro-
cesses imported, and thus very expensive, wheat? Malagasy industry, long
extroverted, has seriously suffered from the lack of foreign exchange. Since
the beginning of the year, the Treasury has granted practically no advances
to government corporations. While awaiting the promised "socialist paradise,"
the Great Island is experiencing shortages. There is a lack of sugar, oil,
soap and electric lightbulbs. "Batteries have arrived," MADAGASCAR-MATIN
proudly announced. Just in time to run transistor radios, without which--

it is true--any election campaign is only a sterile gesture.

Corruption is rampant. It is everyone for himself, the triumph of the nouveaux
riches of socialism, who are not very numerous but prosperous. Bills are

padded and contracts are accompanied by tidy commissions. There is trafficking
in emeralds and cloves. Vanilla has spread an odor of scandal: 50 tons sold

as contraband. Everyone in Tananarive knows the names of the guilty parties,
but only scapegoats have problems with the law. As for the common people,

they are living from hand to mouth. Wages are stagnating and prices are soaring.

37



ZAIRE

COPPER MINES, RAILWAYS DISCUSSED
Dakar AFRICA in French No 145, Nov 82 pp 109-113
{Article by Christian Charles: "The Copper Route"; Part 2]

[Text] Kolwezi is the mining capital of Zaire which is the
sixth copper producer and the first cobalt producer in the

world. However, due to the inadequate equipment of the na-—
tional communications network and to the anarchy which pre-
vails in the country, difficulties are encountered in ship-
ping ores to Matadi, the only port leading to the high sea.
To follow the copper route in Zaire is truly an adventure.

We are publishing the second part of our special correspon-
dent Christian Charles's report.

Likasi is an important marshalling yard for all copper trains.

Not so long ago, Likasi was a prosperous livestock raising center. You can
still find there a few cans of evaporated milk, corned beef, bulk rice and,
during the dry season, any species of caterpillars which Ernest is serving
fried, boiled or in sauces.

Ernest is the train conductor. He is a man of about 30, a native of Kasai,
the diamond province. Nothing distinguishes him from his mates, the fireman,
the engineer, the handyman: it is a long time since SNCZ [Zairian National
Railroads] could last afford to issue uniforms and caps to its employees.
Ernest and his friends spend their lives in the cramped engineer's cab,
sleeping on the floor, their heads on their bundled clothes. Ernest earns

a little under 5,000 CFA francs per month. He is very proud of his job. He
made us review the 15 copper and cobalt wagons to which we were coupled. The
importance of the train, the first of such a tonnage in several weeks, did not
escape him.

The trip to the river port of Ilebo was supposed to last three days and two
nights. It was supposed to. From incident to incident, it took us a week.

Ernest had long learned to put up with such incidents which were trying only
for our patience. Most were due to the great age.of the equipment. In places,
the rails were so worn out that they would flake off. Maintaining the maximum
permissible speed of 45 km/h was becoming hazardous.

123



Pretoria last night. The one-year course is acknowledged as the highest
security qualification in the country. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 11 Dec 82 p 9]

ANTI-BUS BOYCOTT LEAFLETS--DURBAN--Many Black leaders in Natal have condemned
new methods being used by Durban Corporation to break the bus boycott, now
into its second week, along the routes from Clermont, Klaarwater and Lamont-
ville. In the past two days the corporation has hired an aircraft which has
been dropping leaflets calling on residents to use the buses and pointing out
that it is far more expensive to use taxis. The leaflets also repeat that
Durban's Transport Management Board is not a profit-making organisation, and
that the service is run solely for the benfit of commuters. A spokesman for
the office of the head of the KwaZulu nation, Chief Gatsha buthelezi, said
from Ulindi yesterday that it seemed the corporation was spending "a ridicu-
lous amount of money". Mr Aubrey Nyembezi, chairman of the Clermont Advisory
Board, also slammed the leaflet-dropping programme. He said the Transport
Management Board had spent a great deal of money on printing thousands of
pamphlets. He said the money could have been spent on reducing the fares in-
crease that caused the boycott. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
11 Dec 82 p 11)

CISKEI'S 'BOOK OF LIFE'--ZWELITSHA--Ciskei is now in a position to issue its
own identity documents, the Minister of Internal Affairs and Land Tenure, Mr
L B Williams, said in Zwelitsha yesterday. Mr Williams said Ciskeians no
longer had to be burdened with the "dompas" issued by the Republic of South
Africa. Ciskei documents would contain all the personal particulars of the
holders, such as birth, marriage, firearm and motor vehicle driver's licen-
ces, and voting particulars. "No endorsements of any kind are permitted on
the identity documents regarding employment or urban qualifications." [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Dec 82 p 4]

CISKEI APPOINTMENTS--ZWELITSHA--Two young men have been appointed to high
positions in the Ciskei Government. Mr Vusani Masani, (39), has been ap-
pointed Deputy Minister for Agriculture, and Mr M Tambuza, Director-General
of Agriculture. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Dec 82 p 4]

GERMAN INVESTMENTS--DEUTZ Diselpower, the South African arm of Klockner Hum-
bolt Deutz of Germany, plans to invest a further R10-million in its Maritz-
burg plant as part of a programme to increase the local content of its air-
cooled diesel engines to more than 70%. Bodo Liebe, chairman of Klockner,
who is visiting this country to discuss the additional investment with the
Government, told Business Times that it was not the intention to increase the
capacity of the plant, which is currently 4 000 units a month, but rather

to raise the local content of the engines. Deutz Dieselpower is 70% owned by
Hudaco Industries, with the balance owned by the German parent, and is the
only diesel-engine manufacturer other than ADE to be granted Government
blessing for a manufacturing programme. The company produces engines from
2Kw to 400Kw with a local content of 50%. The bulk of the units are fitted
to the Deutz range of tractors, and the rest are used by general industry.
[Text]. [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 7]

107



MAKERERE UNIVERSITY REPORTED SUFFERING SERIOUS SHORTAGES

Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 8 Nov 82 p 11

[Article:

[Text]

“"Amin's Ghost Still Haunting Makerere College"]

Uganda’s Makerere University, which was once the
pride of East Africa, is still suffering from the rava-
ges of the eight-year reign of terror of dictator Idi
Amin. It is now three years since Amin was over-
thrown, but the university is still acutely short of.
teachers, equipment and scholastic materials.

UGANDA’s Makerere
University has just re-
opened for a new academic
year, but under increasing
difficulties and hardships.
These involve shortage of
academic staff, equipment
and scholastic-materials, as
well as scarcity of accom-
modation for students.
Once one of the leading
centres of learning in Africa
south ‘of the Sahara, Make-
rere was famous, especially

_for its faculties of medicine,

agriculture and education,
Among the many celebriti-
es that went through Make-

_ tere are President Julius K.

Nyerere of Tanzania and
Vice-President Mwai Ki-
baki. of Kenya. Famous
novelist Ngugi wa
Thiong’o went through the
gates of the same institu-
tion. .

Started in 1922 as atech-
nical school, Makerere
University College started
awarding degrees 30 years
later, thanks to a special re-
lationship it established
with London University.

116

In the early 1960s, it beca-
me part of the then Univer-
sity of East Africa. The
other constituent colleges

~ were Nairobi and Dar-es-

Salaam. And in October.
1970, Makerere became a
university in its own right.

Although the colleges in -

Nairobi and Dar-es-Sa-
laam also became the nuclei
of national universities in
Kenya and Tanzania res-
pectively, Makerere for so-
metime still continued to

be the darling of scholars in*
East Africa and beyond. -

But then came Idi Amin’s
8-year military rule, which
was to do unfathomable
havoc to Uganda’s eco-
nomic, social, and moral
fibre.

Naturally, there soon
began -a swift diaspora of
most of the internationally
respected scholars from
Makerere. Today, nearly
lL years after Amin first
came to power, Makerere is
still in very poor shape.
Student accommodation is
perhaps the biggest single

UGANDA



"Since the army has been guarding it, much less has disappeared," admitted
the Frenchman. But the temptation is too great. "Our stocks waiting for
transportation represent a year's production."

Without a railroad, said Stanley to Leopold II, the Belgian king who sent
him to explore the country, the Congo is not worth a penny.

“We have to leave a lot of our material in the garage for lack of fuel,"
sighs the manager of operations. Almost half the trains have been taken
off. After 5 years, our deficit is doubling every year. The treasury is
empty. Scrapped material has not been replaced. Traffic decreased by 44
percent in 1980 with respect to 1974."

While awaiting a return of better days, one must make do with what one has.
And that is not much.

And yet the equation is simple: no money, no trains; no trains, no ore
shipments; no ore shipments, no money. And in that case, Zaire is not worth
a penny.

1,780 Kilometers of Railways

The managing director in charge of operations gasped with disapproval when
I told him that we wished to travel along this strategic line from one end
to the other. First, he replied, that would be difficult because there is
no room on the passenger train, the Rapid, all the more so since the Rapid
only runs once a week now, and all the seats have been reserved for at
least a month. Finally, it would be no use to travel the 1,780 kilometers
of railroad to Ilebo--in 3 days if all goes well--because the big mailboat
linking Ilebo to Kinshasa, the capital, had broken down, and, in prief, it
would be madness.

We rebutted all of his arguments, including the dire possibility that we
might meet "Foreman," "One hundred kilos," "Wabusa" or "Molock," evil-doers
famed for the boldness with which they rob travelers, pillage merchandise
and harass ladies.

The Rapid really was packed, but we rode on it anyway between Lubumbashi and
Likasi, a trip of about 100 kilometers in 4 hours. It was long enough for
us to realize we were lucky enough to avoid this trap: the first class
carriages are the only ones there are any illusions about. If we had gone
in those, we would have traveled under the vigilant protection of the com-
pany's security service. The other carriages are not practicable, except
for fighting with fists and elbows to then find oneself crammed in, 10 or
12 at a time, in compartments which the late arrivals enter by the windows;
unless of course one is agile enough to try one's luck in fourth class,
which is quaintly named "Appolo" by the Zairians and is reserved for acro-
bats who travel between the two stations on the roofs of the carriages.

121



JPRS 82597
7 January 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2744

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



SOUTH AFRICA

PFP LEADER CRITICIZES NEW GOVERNMENT PAPER FOR COLOREDS
MB190948 Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 19 Dec 82 p 3
[Article by Jean Le May]

[Excerpts] The leader of the opposition, Dr Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert, has
declared that he is prepared to defy the law by putting his party's views on
constitutional reform directly to the coloureds.

This, he said, could be a contravention of the improper political interference
act, which forbids different race groups from intervening in each other's
political affairs.

But, "if Mr Chris Heunis can do it, so can I," Dr Slabbert told the SUNDAY
EXPRESS.

Dr Slabbert was reacting to the Department of Foreign Affairs and Information's
publication this week of a new newspaper aimed at coloureds in the western Cape.

The eight-page newspaper, called THE CARET, contains local news items about
sports, schools, property development, consumer affairs and comics, There are
also three pages promoting the government's constitutional proposals.

It will cost taxpayers at least R50,000 a year.

“It has been my constant complaint that the government uses taxpayers' money to
put forward blatant party political propaganda about the constitutional
proposals," said Dr Slabbert,

"Until now I have studiously refrained from trying to influence coloured and
Indian reaction to the issue.

"But ever since the proposals were accepted by the National Party Congresses,

the government feels free to use radio, television and the department of
information to put across its viewpoint, although this could be seen as a contra-
vention of the improper political interference act.

100



and dependence," Mr Diop also said, estimating that "the Socialist Party is
becoming an integral part of the mechanism of exploitation and poverty. It
is time to put a stop to it; our people has suffered 3 centuries of colonial-
ization and over 20 years of neocolonialism."

On the question of elections, the PAI chairman indicated that his party had
always asked the opposition "not to go to the polls in a dispersed order."
This, he said, is what he meant in sending letters to 11 opposition forma-
tions, advocating the creation of a "consultation and working commission."
Ten parties have already united along this line, it was disclosed by Mr Diop
who, also felt that, in addition to its "sadly antidemocratic" election code,
the ruling party is making three mistakes: it wants to assimilate a movement
for unity to a global coalition; it is trying to disqualify the opposition
while disqualifying itself; and it is trying to base the electoral system on
money by requiring guarantees. But, he also said, "the opposition is making
mistakes in not perceiving the dividing lines between formations and letting
itself be led by an unsteady and changing election code." He also said in
substance that "his party is not about to plunge into an absurd electioneer—
ing."

After recalling that "since its 29th plenary session, the party had decided
to take part in the election," Mr Majhemout Diop stated that, "the PAI's on-
ly problems are the Senegalese people's problems." As a result, it must
"approach the 1983 elections with serenity. If an organization should agree
with us on a common platform, if, in addition to a single patriotic, indepen-
dent and democratic leader, it should accept to draw up a single list of
deputies with us, we would be ready to walk to an eventual victory with that
formation." This is why, he also disclosed, "our candidacy to the presiden-
tial election cannot be final. Should it turn out that an opposition candi-
date is in a better position, we would withdraw our candidacy." Mr Majhemout
Diop also announced that the fourth party orientation congress would take
place in the near future.

The congress was scheduled to close yesterday evening, without publishing a
final statement. The party chairman is holding a press conference this after-
noon at the community center.

Diop's Press Conference
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 7 Dec 82 p 3

[Article by Hamadoun Toure: "The PAI Will Make a Decision After Its Consul-
tations With the Opposition"]

[Excerpt] A single candidate for the presidential election and a single
list for the legislative elections, based on a common program. This is what
the African Independence Party (PAI) wishes the opposition for the forth-
coming February elections. The chairman of that party, which just celebrated
its 25th anniversary, said so yesterday at a press conference closing a week
of celebration of that anniversary.

60



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

NATIONALIZATIONS ISSUE--The constitutional amendments that the government intends
to make before the end of the year to facilitate the nationalization of certain
sectors of the Mauritian economy were the subject of discussion among the
ministers of finance and planning, Messrs Paul Berenger and Kailash Ruhee
respectively, and a delegation from the private sector yesterday. The government
"reassured" the private sector that the nationalizations will be "limited" and
that they will begin with the establishment of a Cargo Handling Corporation [CHC]
at the port. The minister of finance made an appeal to the private sector to
cooperate in the establishment of a CHC and the nationalization of public
transportation through the extension of the National Transportation Corporation's
activities to other lines. In return, the private sector called for public
assurances to the effect that the free trade zone, the tourism sector and other
industries will not be "affected" by nationalization. In answer to this,

Mr Berenger replied that the government will do what is necessary in this area.
[Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 6 Nov 82 p 4] 9693

SUGAR EMPLOYEES--Sugar industry cash flow problems were the subject of lengthy
discussions between the government, the Chamber of Agriculture and the Mauritius
Sugar Producers Association yesterday. During this meeting, which was presided
over by Prime Minister Aneerod Jugnauth, the sugar sector revealed that it will
need 300 million rupees between now and the end of the year in order to meet
its obligations. Consequently, it requested certain financial accommodations
from the government for the purpose of honoring its commitments, especially to
its employees. [Excerpt] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 13 Nov 82 p 1] 9693

AIRPORT CLOSURE--The Plaisance Airport will be closed to air traffic from

4:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. every day for 5 months beginning in January of next year
due to the commencement of work on improvements to the airport infrastructure.
This work, which will continue through May 1983, will be financed by means of
a loan obtained from the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation [CCCE]. In
fact, the CCCE has agreed to grant approximately 83 million rupees to the
government for the overall development of Plaisance. [Excerpt] [Port Louis

LE MAURICIEN in French 16 Nov 82 p 1] 9693

POLICE BRUTALITY--The leaders of the Mauritius Graduates Union [MGU] yesterday
strongly condemned the attitude the police and the government took toward them
last Saturday. Certain MGU members were treated roughly by the Riot Unit. Three
of them were hospitalized, two in rather serious condition. Messrs R. Nokhadee,

46



HUNDREDS OF LEGAL RESIDENTS OF CROSSROADS LEFT HOMELESS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Dec 82 p 12

[Text]

cso:

3400/440

CAPE TOWN. —
Hundreds of legal resi-
dents. at Crossroads
were left homeless on
Wednesday when
Western Cape Admin-
istration Board offic-
ials moved in and de-
molished their shacks.
A group of children
sang. and danced and
some people sat on their
beds in the middle of the
rubble while their ‘build-
ing materials were loaded
on to WCAB tracks and

and the WCAB have con-
firmed that the people left
homeless were all legal

The people said they
had been left behind in
Old Crossroads when the
owners of the houses in
which they were lodging
moved to New Cross-
reads.

‘The WCAB spokesmen
said the tenants had been

95

one availed themselves of
the opportunity”.

Mrs Regina Ntonga of
Crossroads Committee
and have nowhere to go,”
she said.

Mr Ken Andrew, Pro-
gressive Federal Party
spokesman on Black Af-
fairs in the Western Cape,
said demolishing shacks

made no contribution to -

solving the critical short
age of housing or the
gross “ overcrowding of
said the owners of the

‘existing houses in both
New and Old Crossroads.

He said the “merciless
persecution” of Blacks in
the Westem Cape con-
tinued umabated. The
Government professed to
favour reform while the
“bully boys” of the
WCAB did its dirty work.

SOUTH AFRICA



CONGO

ROLE OF CSC AS REVOLUTIONARY VANGUARD DESCRIBED
Brazzaville MWETI in French No 681, 9 Nov 82 pl
[Article by Kiala-Matouba: "Vigilance and Production"]

[Excerpts] The Congolese Trade Union Confederation (CSC) celebrated yesterday,
8 November, its 18th anniversary and now begins its 19th year with the imple-
mentation of the 5-Year Plan. If during the Three Glorious Days in August
1963 the workers constituted a united front, beside the other patriotic forces,
in sweeping out the neocolonial regime, today they see their role as broadened
to other responsibilities of national and international scope. For these
workers of yesterday, who so courageously made great--and supreme--sacrifices
in the struggle against colonialism, the battle today is being waged on other
fronts, but with just as much enthusiasm, to make the Congo a strong nation
immune to all blackmail or economic pressure.

Henceforth, therefore, and more than ever, the workers are assembled to order:
vigilance and production. First, vigilance to protect the gains of the
revolution. Qualitative and quantitative strengthening through mobilization,
as well as organization of workers toward greater efficiency, will make it
possible to take the reactionary bull by the horns. Also, in this titanic
struggle there can be no room for doubt about the outcome. Then production,
so that our country will no longer depend on a single resource--eventually
exhaustible--but provide to national and international markets the largest
possible range of consumer products, raw materials, etc... Precisely in this
context, the CSC has strategic tasks. Error can not be permitted: The
country's future cannot be in question because workers are guilty of laxity.
It was to this end that important measures were taken this year, and more will
be taken, in order to continuously improve the salary, professional and social
conditions of the workers. For what they have received, the workers should
respond by translating their duties into reality by an effort to be more
productive.

Our country is in the midst of evolution. The changes that are taking place
are too numerous to count or to all be put in context. The situation is
therefore ripe for criticism, muttering and intrigues. However, the CSC is
on the lookout for trouble. Each worker is one stone in this great wall
raised against attempts to divert the Congolese revolution from its real
objectives. Trade union action in our country is part of a many-sided
struggle calling for ideological awareness and political training of the
worker. Without the major trump card, the CSC could not be the avant-garde

20



of luck for Hissein Habré, for, faced with the prodigious fire power of the
Libyan air force, the motivated but poorly supplied Chadian combatants would
have suffered irremediable losses. Their strength at the time, varying be—
tween 6,000 and 8,000 men, could not have stood up to a Libyan counter-attack.

On the other hand,. facing its Chadian opponents, the CCFAN was to underesti-
mate their military possibilities while nibbling away at whole portions of
territory. Throughout the fighting, Hissein Habré kept open the door to nego-
tiation and reconciliation. The country's fate might have taken a different
turn except for the fatal stubbornness of Goukouni Oueddei and his unshakeable
hatred for Hissein Habré, that commoner who had attained glory through poli-
tics, whereas he, Goukouni, the son of a nobleman, should naturally take the
future of Chad in hand. Sure of his "national destiny," he would not hear of
compromise at any price, especially faced with with this plebeian leader whom
the tradition of the desert by no means destined for that role.

In analyzing more closely the political influence of Goukouni compared to the
numerical weakness of his military forces, one notes a flagrant disproportion.
It is true that at the head of GUNT he controlled Ndjamena, the symbol of
power.

The fall of the capital, which the population had prudently left, moving to-
ward the South, because the Cameroonian authorities had clearly made it under—
stood that they did not want another indescribable exodus: toward Kousséri,
took place with the use of little military means. After 1% hours of shelling
the city -- more to test the degree of resistance by the enemy than for stra~
tegic reasons -- the first FAN patrols experienced a few skirmishes with
Acheikh Ibn Omar's partisans and Goukouni's followers that left a few dozen
dead in the suburbs.

It was an easy victory, explained by another element of luck. As a matter of
fact, the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) under Colonel Kamougué refused to fight
for very prosaic reasons. These soldiers, unpaid and unfed, spent more time
hunting elephant and game than in the training camps. Farther south, these
none-too-daring warriors held travelers and shopkeepers to ransome at the
"barriers,'' as will be seen later on.

Thus, at Bongor, a Spanish nun remembers, when the FAT received the order to
march north and oppose the FAN, they flatly mutinied and left the way open to
Hissein Habré, not caring to fight under deplorable morale and pay conditions.
A fig for ideopolitical elucubrations!

Kamougué's Flight

It seems that Libya tried to stop the advance of the FAN by sending to the
area a Libyan agent by the name of Suliman 'Umar ‘Abdallah, captured at Sahr
in possession of documents that were rather compromising for him, Under the
orders of Colonel Massoud, who is the head of the Libyan intelligence services
and married to Goukouni Oueddei's sister, the Libyan agent is thought to have
had the mission of preparing for the delivery of military equipment to the ad-
vantage of the FAT and CDR [Revolutionary Democaratic Council].

16



ANALYSTS BAFFLED BY RECORD SHARE PRICES

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 4

[Article by Elizabeth Rouse]

[Text]

SHARE analysts are baffled by the
fact that the stock market is scream-
ing recovery — yet the economy is
still wallowing in deep recession.

‘The industrial index hit a record high this
week, while a strong gold sector suggested a
surge in the gold price. Even De Beers staged
a recovery.

Institutions, with their massive cache of
captive cash, appeared to be back.in the
market in strength,. causing sharp rises in
market leaders.

Like markets overseas, the Johannesburg.
Stock Exchange is anticipating an early re-
covery in the US economy, with a resultant
rise in the inflation rate, a follow-through by
other countries and, most important, falling
interest rates.

Restocking of inventories, which have
been at low levels for a few years, will mean
a lift in South Africa’s metal and mineral
exports. Rising inflation will augur well for

id.

However, overseas analysts have begun to
caution investors about the “too strong, too
swift” rise in UK and US equities on rocky
fundamentals.

- Similarly, some Johannesburg brokers
caution investors that gold shares are out-
performing the metal.

If gold declines below $400, disappoint-
ment might trigger off a sell-out of gold
equities.

‘A technical factor which brought institu-
tions into the equity market this week
has been the narrowing of the reverse yield
gap between money market rates and divi-
dend yields.

Institutions have been “moderate” buyers
of equities after the sharp fall in the market

in March, Peter Bieber, Old
Mutual’s ‘general manager,
investments, said in the soci-
ety’s pensions services annu-
alreport this week.
Brokers confirmed this.
week that institutions were
becoming more aggressive
buyers of market leaders.
‘The only problem was that
dealers were unable to find

cso: 3400/4400

99

stock to satisfy big parcel
demand.

Share yields are looking at-
tractive in spite of possible
dividend cuts in the next six
months if South Africa’s. in-
terest rates decline as quickly
as they did in the US, the
UK and Europe.

The prediction by Nedbank
chief executive Rob Abra-
hamsen that the prime rate.
will be down at 14% by the
end of 1983 might well be

correct,

The JSE Actuaries overall
market index was up 7,5% at
733,2 on Thursday from
around 682 a year ago.

The RDM 100 Industrial in-
dex rose to 714,2 on Thursday,
up on the record 711,7 level
set in early January this year.

The JSE Actuaries Indus-
trial index at 669,5 was at a
peak for 1982 but 1,6% below
its 680,4 level a year ago.

ae id shares recorded rela-
tively sharper advances on
‘Thursday than the rise in the
gold price warranted. At 646,2
the JSE All Gold index was
showing a 25% increase on
the 530 level a year ago, when
the gold price ranged around
$400-

$430.

Glamour sectors have been
banks and property, indicat-
ing faith in performance of
banks and hopes of a strong
property market. .

The Banks & Others index
has advanced almost 50% to
923 from 611 a year ago. The
JSE Actuaries Property in-
dex was up 27,4% to 189,3 on
Thursday from 147,6 a year

ago.

Industrial holdings have
not recovered fully from the
shakeout in March. The index
has come off 14,5% to 880
from the November 1981
level of 1 028,6.



GAMBIA

RESULTS OF PRESIDENT'S TOUR OF INTERIOR NOTED
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 4-5 Dec 82 pp 1,4
[Article by Pape Saine: "President Jawara Decides to Cancel Farmers' Debts"]

[Text] President Jawara just completed a tour in the interior of the country.
Like every year, Dr Dawda Jawara chose the time when people are preparing the
agricultural campaign to go and listen to the farmers, livestock farmers and
fishermen. On his tour--which took him successively to Bujam, Bondeli, Dou-
boutou, Buring, Dankoukou, Sotokoi and Sapu--the Gambian chief of state re-
ceived a warm, enthusiastic and militant welcome.

Concerning the complaints of the rural world, we should note that they revolve
around the almost cyclical drought problem. The drought has brought about a
drop in agricultural production, a decimation of the livestock and everywhere

a decrease in the purchasing power of rural populations. Sir Dawda Jawara did
not promise miracle solutions to all these problems. He tried to express to
the populations affected the concern of his government for their welfare. He
also emphasized that measures had been taken by his government to increase agri-
cultural production. Among these measures, we should note the creation of the
Agricultural Development Bank. This bank will enable farmers to receive credits
to purchase seeds and equipment.

President Jawara also decided to cancel the debts of all farmers--which amount
to 23 million dalasis, i.e. about 3 billion CFA francs--to provide them with
an incentive to meet the challenge of food self-sufficiency. After declaring
himself pleased with this year's good peanut crop (over 100,000 tons), Sir
Dawda Jawara invited producers to contribute to the success of this agricul-
tural campaign. He also attended the groundbreaking ceremony for the Jahali
Pajar rice-growing project.

The implementation of the Jahali Pajar project, the most daring rural develop-
ment project in the country, was made possible by loans from various interna-
tional organizations such as the African Development Bank, the International
Fund for Agricultural Development. The Federal Republic of Germany also pro-
vided financial assistance. Once completed, this project should provide a
good irrigation of the land in times of drought. It should also make it
possible to raise the standard of living of the 15,000 farmers or so who

live on Jahali Pajar.

9294

cso: 3419/311
28



national deaker network, increased competitiveness once the all-new Renault-9
(which has proved. to be highly successful in Europe) is launched by mid-1983,
as well as the general attractiveness of the Renault 5 package with its proved
fuel efficiency in the light of tightening economic conditions. The Renault
5 has proved to be a consistent performer on the South African sales charts
this year. Sales reached a peak of 802 units in February, declining to 574
units in May, picking up to 640 units in July and staying above the 600 mark
since. Mr Mostert says: "While Renault is doing well, we must keep our per-
spective on the whole of the South African motor industry." [Text] [Johan-
nesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 5 Dec 82 p 22]

LP GAS INDUSTRY--THE battle for supremacy in the R30-million-a-year geyser
industry is intensifying. Jostling for a winning position is the multina-
tional group Van Leer, with a worldwide turnover of R1 000-million and South
African sales worth R90-million. Van Leer has emphasised that it is going
for a major share of this underdeveloped market. "We are looking for a wider
base in the building industry than our present R4,5-million from bathroomware
and solar heaters," admits VL general manager (building products division)
David Baker. "At present, 95% of all geysers in South Africa are manufac-
tured by one company~-Kwikot--giving it a virtual monopoly. While several
other companies have been eyeing this market for some time, we are taking the
plunge with a R2,5-million investment in new plant, equipment and some inter-
esting new concepts." Van Leer hopes to score by producing cheaper geysers
using existing know-how and technology from its LP gas cylinder plant. Al-
ready 500 000 units are being tested in some of the worst water conditions in
South Africa--so far satisfactorily. Three new patents have already been ta-
ken out by VL. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English

5 Dec 82 p 22]

ISRAELI FILTER COMPANY--A CONSORTIUM to manufacture filters for the local mo-
tor industry has been formed between two South African companies and an Is-
raeli filter company. The consortium, which will establish a plant next year
close to one of the motor assembly centres, will reduce the industry's pres-
ent reliance on imported filters. The three partners are Kaapvaal Indus-
tries, which has the majority shareholding of 51%, HAC Technologies, a newly
formed local company, and A L Filter of Israel, which will provide the tech-
nological expertise. HAC Technologies and A L Filter are equal shareholders
in the remaining 49%. The factory will be established at a cost of about R4-
million and the consortium, yet to be named, plans to be in production by
1984, when it hopes to capture about 10% of the local market for oil, air and
fuel filters, which is estimated to be worth about R50-million a year. [Text]
(Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 5 Dec 82 p 5]

SAAAU LEGAL ACTION--The South African Amateur Athletics Union (SAAAU) is tak-
ing legal action to have itself reinstated to the International Amateur Ath-
letics Federation, which expelled it in 1976. The union has asked Johannes-
burg City Council to help with legal costs, expected to be about R 50 000.

“There is an indication that the case will be heard in a British court within
the following months," SAAAU president Professor C F Nieuwoudt told the city
council. He claimed that South Africa's expulsion from the international

109



The meeting between the Angolans and the South Africans was also important be-
cause of the presence of UNITA armed bandits in Angola. It is no secret that
racist South Africa supports UNITA militarily and logistically.

The South Africans should denounce Jonas Savimbi and accept the fact that the
government of President Jose Eduardo dos Santos is the legitimate government
of Angola. This can amicably be done through discussions.

All these facts seem to be simple but they are important to the South Africans
who have been discussing the problems of Namibia and Angola through the contact
group.

CsO: 3400/467

130



NIGER

PROTOCOL CONCERNING CANADIAN COOPERATION PROJECT SIGNED
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 22 Nov 82 p 3

[Text] His Excellency Ernest Herbert, the Canadian ambassador, and
al-Housseini Moulou, secretary of state for planning and acting planning
minister, on Saturday signed a memorandum of understanding regarding a
Canadian-Nigerien agreement on protection of vegetation.

The general aim of the project is to help achieve food self-sufficiency for
Niger through assistance to the Nigerien Vegetation Protection Service (SPVN).
This project, which started in 1970 with the establishment of organizations to
combat crop enemies in the six agricultural departments, is part of the new
agreement, which is in the fourth stage of execution.

During the next 5 years the project will concentrate on popular education in
techniques for protecting vegetation and dissemination of knowledge gained
from entomological and agricultural research in the course of on-the-job
training of departmental officers in charge of protecting vegetation, training
personnel, and farmer families in the centers for rural advancement and
technical training.

On-the-job training in management will contribute to establishing an organized
system for purchases, supply management, storage, and distribution of
pesticides and treatment equipment.

In regard to maintenance, a centralized service will be set up for repair and
maintenance of treatment equipment used on the land, and operational vehicles.

The project will also include construction at Niamey airport of a maintenance
and repair hangar for spray pleanes. Nigeriens will be given special train-
ing in flying spray planes and air mechanics. Nigeriens will also be trained
at university level in Canada in the field of entomology and phytopathology.
Finally, the project will include purchase of spray equipment, protective
clothing, small towed graders, vehicles and other needs. Five Canadian
advisers will assist the SPVN in carrying out the program.

Canada will contribute U.S. $10,742,000 for the project, or about 3,165,000,000
CFA francs, and Niger's contribution will be 353,080,000 CFA francs.

The Canadian diplomat and al-Housseini exchanged congratulations on this new
agreement, which reflects the traditional very close ties of friendship and
cooperation between the Canadian and Nigerien peoples.

Niamey, 20 November 1982.

9920
CSO: 3419/267

52



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TAIPEI APPROVES ACCORDS--TAIPEI--THE executive Yuan (Cabinet) yesterday ap-
proved the minutes of the Fifth Republic of China-Republic of South Africa
economic technical co-operation meeting. The minutes, submitted by the
Economic Ministry, stress that the Chinese and South African Governments will
enhance co-operation in the trade, communications, argricultural, mining and
technological areas. The meeting was held in South Africa from November 11
to 16. During the meeting, participants reviewed earlier resolutions and the
executive results of various economic and technological co-operation program-
mes. They also exchanged views on how such co-operation could be expanded
and what new programmes would be covered. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 10 Dec 82 p 19]

FIRST B MIL FOR INDIAN--STELLENBOSCH--A degree in military science, B Mil at
the University of Stellenbosch will be awarded to an Indian student for the
first time today. Yegan Moodley (23), a lieutenant in the navy is one of the
41 students at the Military Academy at Saldanha Bay, who are to receive their
degrees today. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Dec 82 p 13]

VORSTER QUITS MATIES--CAPE TOWN--The former Prime Minister and State Presi-
dent, Mr B J Vorster resigned as Chancellor of Stellenbosch University yes-
terday morning. His resignation came at the university's graduation ceremony
at which he officiated. Mr Vorster, who is living in retirement in Port
Elizabeth, holds no further public offices. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 10 Dec 82 p 13]

NO APPEAL FOR HOGAN--BLOEMFONTEIN--The Appeal Court has refused the applica-
tion of Barbara Anne Hogan for leave to appeal against her conviction and
sentence of 10 years imprisonment for treason. She was convicted in the
Rand Supreme Court by Mr Justice H P van Dyk on October 20. The judge found
that the State had proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Hogan, by joining
the African National Congress and by committing various acts in furtherance
of the aims and objects of the ANC, had done so with the intention of assist-
ing the ANC to achieve its ultimate aim--the overthrow of the State. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Dec 82 p 12]

SECURITY COURSE--A TOTAL of 149 candidates have successfully completed the

first South African management course in security run by the Institute for
Crimonology at the University of South Africa, the university announced in

106



SOUTH AFRICA

RAID DIFFICULT TO CENSURE BUT TRAGIC
MB101658 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Dec 82 p 10
[Editorial: "The Maseru Strike"]

[Text] It is no secret that the ANC has embarked on a course of violence--a
campaign aimed at effecting change in South Africa through the barrel of a
gun. It is also common cause that this is an attitude that has evolved as a
result of white South Africa's continuing reluctance to change a system that
discriminates against blacks.

Yesterday's pre-emptive strike into Lesotho is a direct consequence of the
ANC's planned recourse to armed assault against targets throughout the repub-
lic.

There are doubtless many people in this country who silently support and ap-
plaud the ANC's policy. That is their prerogative. What the ANC and its
supporters need to comprehend, however, is that the adoption of violence as
an instrument of political change is an extremely dangerous approach. Those
who advocate it must expect, indeed accept, that arms will be taken up against
them, The SADF has always made it clear that it will not hesitate to cross
borders to attack and destroy ANC bases from which acts of terror are hatched
and perpetrated against South Africa.

While this newspaper has consistently deplored the use of violence as an al-
ternative to political negotiation, it remains difficult to censure the defence
force for what is a natural military response to a situation which, if General
Constand Viljoen, the head of the SADF, is to be believed, would have been
guerrilla incursions across the Lesotho border during the festive season.

No efficient army can be blamed for acting to paralyse that kind of plan.

What is tragic, of course, is the inevitable suffering of the innocent. Five
women and two children died in the Maseru raid. It seems, however, that the
ANC set up its bases in the residential suburbs of the city--a tactic adopted
to good effect by the PLO during the recent invasion of Lebanon by Israeli
forces. The death of the civilians ought to prompt the Lesotho Government
into examining more closely its acquiesience to the establishment of guerrilla
bases in suburban areas.

70



CONGO

BRIEFS

FAO DEVELOPMENT AGREEMENTS SIGNED--20 Nov--The FAO and the People's Republic
of the Congo yesterday signed three documents concerning the development pro-
gram and improvement of seed quality in the Congo. Under the first document,
the FAO will provide to the Ministry of Culture and the Arts, which is
responsible for scientific research, a treatment system worth U.S. $50,000 to
be installed at the Loudima Agronomic Research Center (CRAL). The FAO will
also pay the costs of transport and insurance to Pointe-Noire. The Congo
Governemnt will take necessary measures to exempt the equipment from customs
fees and taxes, and pay for the transport from Point-Noire to Loudima and

for installment of the equipment under adequate shelter as well as meeting
operation costs. The FAO will also provide to the Ministry of Agriculture
and Livestock technical equipment worth U.S. $40,000 needed for a seed analysis
laboratory. FAO will pay for transport and insurance to Brazzaville. The
Congo Government will arrange to have the equipment enter tax-free, will
handle transport to the national center for seed improvement, and will assume
responsibility for proper operation of the laboratory. In the third document,
the FAO agrees to provide to the Ministry of Culture and the Arts, in its role
of responsibility for scientific research, additional equipment for seed
analysis worth U.S. $10,000 for the Loudima Agronomic Research Center. The
FAO will cover insurance and transport costs to Brazzaville. The Congo Govern-
ment will arrange to have the equipment enter tax-free, will handle transport
to the Loudima research center, and will assure proper operation of the
equipment. (ACI) [Text] [Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French
20 Nov 82 pp 4A, 5A] 9920

CsO: 3419/271

22



SOUTH AFRICA

MYSTERY SEEN SURROUNDING BIG ESCOM CONTRACT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Dec 82 p 16

[Article by Mervyn Harris]

[Text]

‘A+ contract’ awarded to Chubb:
Lock and Safe Company to supply
equipment to Escom is giving rise’
to growing discussion. - -_

The: project is back on the
drawing boards only weeks hefore
delivery and completion of | the
contract was scheduled. This
follows a series. of events” and:
unexplained sethacks which’ have
Shrouded. the contract since it was,

put out to tender by Escom in
October last year.

~ Questions being asked in the
case of the Escom contract, dealt
with in the following article,
involve several areas which The
Star cannot legally’ canvass.

The Star has withheld some
reports as the details may be seen
te impinge on one or more of the
‘many laws forbidding publication’
about “matters of security.”

‘A compariy’ “has “GeénTM

given another chance:
-by Escom to deliver a
-eontract which has
been -riddled with un-
answered questions
since it was awarded.

Nearly 14 months
after Chubb Lock and
Safe Company obtained
the contract to supply
equipment to Escom,
the project is back on
the drawing boards.

This follows the fai-
lure of the equipment
to pass tests carried
out in Pretoria, accord-
ing to those connected
to the testing bodies.

The delivery and
completion of . the
project was scheduled
for the end of this
year.

THREE INVITED

The failure of the
tests is the culmination
to a series of events
and unexplained set-
backs which have

‘shrouded’ the contract

since it was put out to

‘tender by Escom in’

October 1981.

Three. companies
were invited to submit
tenders for. the con-
tract’ after’ Escom’s
adviser on- such mat-
ters, Mr Ullrich Over-
beck, head of engineer-
ing consultants Insor.
had drawn up specifica
tions for the equipment
in line with accepted
world standards.

The three companies
were: Giant, also pro-
ducing safes and other
devices as a_ division
of Abercom; Bischoff, a
similar arm of Murray
and Roberts; and
Chubb Lock and Safe,
a subsidiary of listed
Chubb Holdings.

Tender requirements
sent to each tenderer
included:

@ A proven track
record.

88

@ Submission . of
test reports.

“@ Submission of
detailed drawings.

The documents: were
handed back by Giant,
which said it was not
able to meet the re-
quirements laid down
in the specifications.

Reports _ circulating:

in the market say. the’

firm did, however,
price the job at about
R7,4 million. Confitrma-
tion of this could-not be
obtained from Giant.

TURNED DOWN

About a week before
the tenders . closed,
Bischoff suggested to
Chubb that a joint ten-
der be submitted in
view of the size and
complexity of the job.
Chubb turned down
the offer.

Bischoff then ten-

dered a price of R7,6
million. Because of the

scale and complexity of*
the contract, the ten-
der was in partnership
with a West German
firm, Heerum.

-But Chubb got the
contract after putting
in a price of about
4,1 million.

The awarding of the
contract to Chubb.
seems surprising in
view of subsequent’
events. Chubb seemed
unable to meet the
eriteria laid down in
the specifications and
sought assistance from
Bischoff and its asso-
ciate companies.

Representatives of
the two companies met
at the Burgers Park
Hotel in Pretoria. Mr
Xavier Hersacher, ma-
naging director of Hee-
rum, flew from West
Germany to attend the
meeting.

TRANSLATOR
Present at the meet-


ANGOLA

FLEC DESERTER REPORTS DISSENSION AMONG OFFICIALS
Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French No 56, Nov 82 p 19

[Text] The members of the Front for the Liberation of the Cabinda Enclave
(FLEC) "no longer amount to anything more than a handful of bandits and their
activities are practically nonexistent," AFP was told by the Tando-Zinze com-
munal commissioner. According to regional officials, the "FLEC bandits" only
come out of the forest, starving, in order to attack civilian vehicles to
steal food. According to other sources, FLEC is reportedly no longer able
to occupy the terrain and is very weakened by the dissension between leaders
that has split the group into several factions.

The FLEC soldiers are in the regions of Tando-Zinze (southeast of the Zairian
border), Necuto-Luango (northeast of the Zairian border) and Massabi-Sanga
Mongo (west-central region, on the Congolese border). A few others are also
hiding in the dense forest in the Mayumbi region (central area), the same
sources say.

Only the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola] provide
border security and the Cuban forces, numbering a few thousand, live in camps
near the capital. The Cubans have not intervened against the FLEC since 1979
and constitute a reserve force called upon to intervene in case of serious
situations. The Tando-Zinze region, almost totally occupied by the FLEC in
1977, is now controlled by the FAPLA.

Some 4,000 Angolans who fled to Zaire, the retornados, have already returned
home, authorities say. They are gradually going back to their native villages.
Initially, the women return alone, followed by the men after discreet contact
with their wives and sisters. In some villages hard hit by fighting, the
refugees are building new homes. The village of Bonde Grande was invaded by
the FLEC in March 1976. Some 34 villagers, including women and children,
were killed. According to eye-witness accounts, the homes were looted and
the sheet metal roofs sold in Zaire. The fronts of houses and the church are
riddled with bullet holes and the homes of members of the MPLA were blown up.
While 500 persons lived in Bonde Grande, the village was deserted from 1976

to 1978, with some joining the FLEC in Zaire and others the government forces
in Cabinda. Today, 375 persons have returned to the fields. "Look how peace-
ful it is," the AFP was told by the communal commissioner who, like all re-
gional officials, never lets go of his automatic rifle.



But whatever the short term advantages of the Maseru strike and its highly
successful predecessor, the Matola raid, they do nothing to detract from the
fact that there is no military solution to South Africa's political quandry.
Most of the people who died in yesterday's assault were not members of a
foreign army with which this country is in a declared state of war. They were
South AFricans.

Until such time as amendments are made to the system that compels so many of
our people to select violence as the only means of realising their political

aspirations, a whole lot more South Africans, of all races will be killed in
an escalating fabric of armed confrontation.

cso: 3400/455

71



SOUTH AFRICA

TOP TEN ANNUAL BUSINESS REPORTS BEST EVER
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 1
{Article by Stephen Orpen]

[Text] AS indicated last week, the list of the Top 10 Annual
Reports for 1982 has now been finalised by Business
Times and the panel of leading chartered accountants
selected as judges by the SA Institute of Chartered
‘Accountants.

In addition this year, tepdrts of unlisted companies (not ”

quoted on the stock exchange) were also considered for
honours under a separate category — an innovation much
welcomed by stakeholders and the eligible organisations”

ves.
Thus, instead of 500 companies, the judges had altogether
to consider far more this year_:-

‘The JSE-listed companies
selected as the Top Ten are’
{in alphabetical order): Allied
Technologies (Altech); Anglo-
Alpha; Chemical Holdings;
Malbak; Plate Glass; Premier
Group; Protea Holdings;
Quinton Hazell Superite;

and the Tongaat
group.

All except oue of these re-
ports also made the Top 10
last year. The newcomer is
Quinton Hazell Superite.

The best of the 10 will be
revealed at tomorrow’s ban-
quet (see details elsewhere on
this page).

‘The reports of two organi-
‘sations — Escom and Iscor —
were judged worthy of separ-
ate recognition under the new
unlisted category.

It was expected that more
unlisted organisations would
earn awards, but standards
did not justify this.

On the other hand, the Es-
com and Iscor reports were
described by the judges as
“outstanding — better than
most of the listed-company
reports”.

At ‘the same time, the

judges described the oa
dards set by this year’s Top 16{
listed companies as “easily!
the best we have encountered.
over the years”. - *
ey added, however,
the overall standard” ed
250-odd reports which were
rejected almost immediately
was “probably worse” thani
last year. A full exposition of
the “criteria used ‘by, the
in assessing re
ie ean be obtained from
the SA Institute of Chartered
Accountants.

‘However, the judges are re-
luctant to divulge all the de-
tails because “we have found
this invites unconstructive
debate after the event”.

“We believe there should
be a comprehensive ‘scien-
tific’ scoring system — which
we have, and which is not sub-
ject to argument. But we also
think it is necessary to avoid
excessive rigidity in the judg-
ing system.

“Other award programmes
for reports use an entirely
computerised scoring sys-
tem. By contrast, we give
some weight to a human ele-

ment, since we believe annual
reports are dynamic, and
may earn points for innova-
tive or creative features.

“The scope here is too wide
to be included in any comput-
er programme.”

i bine the “formulated”
pat 1e judging was con-
ducted under six Tajo head-
ings, each covering a number
of sub-headings.

For_instance, under the
first heading (Directors, Re-
port and Chairman's State-
ment) the sub-headings were:
Review of past results; Set-
ting of financial objectives;
Comparison of financial ob-
jectives; Review of future
prospects, Overall iompres-
sion.

The maximum number of
points that could be earned in
each of the six main categor-
ies were as follows: Direc-
tors’ Report and Chairman's
Statement, 35; Prior Years’
Comparative ‘Statistics, 12;
Statement of Wealth, 7, Other
Information, 25; Presenta-
tion, 21.

cso: 3400/4400
77


Briefs
Taipei Approves Accords
First B Mil for Indian
Vorster Quits Maties
No Appeal for Hogan
Security Course
Anti-Bus Boycott Leaflets
Ciskei's 'Book of Life'
Ciskei Appointments
German Investments
Foreign Exchange Loss
Helicopter Operators Merge
Renault SA Sales
LP Gas Industry
Israeli Filter Company
SAAAU Legal Action
Civil Engineering Labor Deal
UIF Money Restriction
UNITA Link \
Maseru Flight Canceled
SADF Actions
ANC Defector Killing Condemned
Squatters' Legal Status Questioned
Oil Supply Cuts Announced

TANZANIA

Tanzania Government Statement Condemns Lesotho Killings
(Dar es Salaam, 10 Dec 82).....eeeeeeeeeeee ee cece seccerene

Zanzibar President Urges More Emphasis on Defense
(Zanzibar Domestic Service, 13 Dec 82).

Tanzanian Official Leaves for Doha
(WAKH, 11 Dec 82)....

UGANDA
Makerere University Reported Suffering Serious Shortages
(UGANDA TIMES, 8 Nov 82).....+.0.. nee e eee ee eee eee e eee
Briefs
Special Force Deaths
ZAIRE

Copper Mines, Railways Discussed
(Christian Charles; AFRICA, Oct 82).........

Copper Mines, Railways Discussed
(Christian Charles, AFRICA, Nov 82)...

106

113

114

115

116

118

119

123



SOUTH AFRICA

CARTOON DERIDES PASS LAWS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Nov 82 p 6

[Text] "I caught the little sod in a white area without a pass...."

cso: 3400/440

105



SOUTH AFRICA

MILITARY FORCE SIGN OF POLITICAL FAILURE
MB120833 Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 12 Dec 82 p 26
[Editorial: "In the End, We Will Negotiate"]

[Text] The South African commando raid on Maseru is neither an end nor a
beginning. It is only a milestone on a bitter path that has been tramped by
the Americans in Vietnam, the French, the Rhodesians and, most recently, the
Israelis in Lebanon. At its end lies a variety of horrors.

The Israelis have been shattered by the massacre of their enemies in Beirut
and it is not yet clear whether they retain faith in their invincible arms.
The American will to pursue the fitht in Vietnam collapsed when the massacre
at My Lai raised in American minds the question: Is this the civilisation we
are fighting to preserve?

When the French Air Force bombed the Tunisian village of Sakiet, a sanctuary
for Algerian terrorists, the public reaction was not pride but. revulsion and
the will to hold the colony was gone. The Rhodesians struck across their
borders with terrifying effect, while their home base disintegrated behind
them.

None of these analogies fits the circumstances of the Maseru raid, but each
sounds in its own way a warning against the premature celebration of a feat
of arms.

Military action is usually a symptom of political failure, seldom a solution.
Even so decisive a military strike as the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki left not security but a balance of nuclear terror. It also left the
victors a heritage of paralysing moral uncertainty about the use of their
weaponry. A few things are as corrosive of national will as the loss of a
sense that a nation's military operations are morally based.

Military leaders, by definition men of narrow vision, don't like to be re-
minded of the limitations that impose themselves on military action. That is
why, at a time like this, it is necessary for the rest of the community to take
stock: Is killing the solution? How much killing will it take to arrive at a
solution? How many civilian lives must be sacrificed to military need? Have
we the stomach for the job?

75



"It has done so to the extent that I now see no reason why the PFP should not
enter the arena of coloured and Indian politics to put its viewpoint. to these
groups.

"I am seriously considering doing so--certainly after the government has tabled
its final proposals in parliament when we will all know what we are talking
about, and possibly even before, depending on developments.

"At the moment it is not clear what is negotiable about the government's proposals
and what is not.

"But they appear to be presenting their guidelines to the coloured people as the
final non-negotiable deal."

THE CARET is published by the Cape Town regional office of the Department of
Information as a monthly newspaper for coloureds, It is edited by Mr Richard Davis,
a senior official of the department.

The use of taxpayers’ money to found the citizen (since taken over by Perskor)

to promote a pro-government line among English speaking white voters was one

of the many scandals which led to the dissolution of the former department.

Dr Eggers Mulder, regional director of the Department of Information in the Cape,
told the SUNDAY EXPRESS that R50,000 had been budgeted for publication of THE CARET
this year.

The free newspaper had an initial print order of 40,000 copies, he said.

Dr Eggers Mulder denied THE CARET had been established to counteract the influence
of the English-language press and of the newsletter grassroots, which is published
by coloured civic communities in the Cape and which has been extremely critical of

the constitutional proposals.

"People are always coming to us for information about the proposals," he said.

cso: 3400/484

101



GOVERNMENT'S INCOME RESTRAINT POLICY EXAMINED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Dec 82 p 13

{Article by Howard Preece:

[Text]

THE South African
Government has de-
cided to adopt some
limited, kind of. “in-
comes policy” to try to
restrain overall wage
and price increases.

This was‘ made clear by
‘the Prime Minister, Mr P W

nesday in his report on the
latest meeting of his Eco-
nomic Advisory Council.

It is reflected, as st
in the decisions to ask Es-
com to look again at its pro-
Posed 16,3% rise in electri-
Cy aris andi the plano

y al

Mail investment

new strategy will
diventty affect only the pub-
lle sector, or areas of the
economy under the effective
control of the Government.
It will inevitably but rath-
er misleadingly be labelled
“anti-inflation:
In fact, the object is (or
ought to be) more complex.
re is, as I said in this
column last week, no theo-
retical economic mystery
about how to curb inflation.
If the money supply taps
are turned tight enough for
jong enough — if the banks
ine little to lend and that
only at forbidding interest
rates — the rate of price

86

increases is bound to

‘The catch is that the real
economy — growth, employ-
ment and new fixed invest-
ment — might also be driven
into a deep and sustained
recession.
colleagues are now tying fo

are now trying to
do is to find ways of bringing
inflation significantly down
from the present 14% to
15% while avoiding the
worst possible side-effects.

They are hoping to’ ease
SA’s “inflation psychosis”, to
induce wage earners to ac-
cept smaller money in-
creases and businessmen to
put prices up by lower
amounts than might other-
wise have been the case.

There will, however, be no
wage-price controls or even
official guidelines for the
private sector.

‘The hope is simply that if
public sector pay and prices
vare restrained this might re-
duce cost-push inflationary
Pressures in the economy

enerally.
aso there should be no
misunderstanding about two
key points:
@ Tough monetary and fis-
cal policies will, and must,
remain the ultimate wea-
pons in the attack on
inflation.

Incomes policies can, I
think, sometimes have a
useful short-term comple-
mentary role in securing

get discredited is when they
are used, ineffectively even-
tually anyway, as substi-
tutes for financial
discipline.

SOUTH AFRICA

"Income Restraint--Only Half a Policy]


TIN PRODUCTION TO BE INCREASED

Lagos

DAILY TIMES in English 3 Dec 82 p 40

{Article by Nwachukwu Ezem]

(Text

cso:

]

3400/442

TH! Federal Government is determined to pur-
sue increased prodnction of tin, and a'sum of
N5 million has been voted for its production in the
current development plan. i
The Vice President, Dr. Alex Ekwueme mace

this fact known in Lagos on Wednesday when he
addressed participants at the fourth ministerial
meeting of tin producing countries.

The Vice-President added that N5 million had
been voted for the development of the Ririwari
underground mine. in .

Kano State.

Accordirig tg him, the
development’ would
include: pians for mine

reparation, milling
Facilities and provision
of other essential service
facilities in the mines.

Dr. Ekwueme stressed
that the world market
price of tin must not
only be remunerative,
but must also take care
of non-renewable na-
tionalasset. - .

He expressed delight
at the united effort of all
producing countries in
the International Tin
Council to fight for rea-
sonable price range in
the world market and
urged them not to relent
in their efforts.

On the other hand, the

54

Vice-President con-
demned the non co-
operative attitude of
major tin consumers.
(especially. the Unit
States) in matters affec-
ting determination of
price and release
of stockpile.

In his own address,
the Minister of Mines
and Power, Alhaji
Mohammed Hassan
stressed the need to re
examine the export con-
trol mechanism. .

He urged the minis-
ters to deliberate on the
continued di of tin
from the United States
stockpile- which was
adversely affecting the
world market price of
tin.

NIGERIA



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

VIGILANCE AGAINST BANDITS--FRELIMO party ideological secretary Jorge Rebelo has
called on local political structures in Maputo to step up their vigilance to
ensure that peace is maintained over the holiday period. Mr Rebelo urged all
Mozambicans to keep on their guard against possible sabotage attacks by

South African-controlled bandits. This meant strengthening security measures
[words indistinct] hand in hand. Mr Rebelo, who was addressing a meeting of
neighborhood political groups at the weekend, also called for increased vigilance
against burglaries and road accidents. At the same meeting, internal trade
minister Aranda da Silva announced [words indistinct] careful control over the
distribution of goods and to combat black-marketeering. Full-time brigades are
to be established in all neighborhoods of the capital to check that all the
goods dispatched from factories and warehouses are [words indistinct]. This
policy was already producing results, Mr Da Silva said, with products appearing
on the shelves of shops that had been empty for some time. Large quantities

of goods have been siphoned off from the distribution (?sector) and from the
warehouses and from the shops. [Text] [MB210618 Maputo Radio in English to
Southern Africa 1800 GMT 20 Dec 82]

ITALIAN DROUGHT AID--MAPUTO-~Italy has earbarked R2,8-million to be used to
help victims of drought in Mozambique. Under the terms of an agreement signed
in Maputo, the money will be used to buy frozen meat soup. The agreement was
signed by the Mozambican Internal Trade Minister, Mr Aranda Da Silva, and the
Italian Ambassador to Mozambique, Mr Patrizio Schmidlin. Seven thousand ton-
nes of rice from Italy destined for drought victims is also expected to arrive
in Maputo this month. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Dec 82

p 13]

cso: 3400/453

50



CAMEROON

INTERVIEW WITH UPC LEADER, EDOUARD MANGA
Paris LE MATIN in French 8 Nov 82 p 12

[Interview with Edouard Manga, leader of the UPC (Union of Cameroonian
Peoples), by Elio Comarin, on 7 November; place not specified]

[Text] The new Cameroonian president, Paul Biya, announced Saturday evening
[6 November] the formation of the new cabinet, which will be presided over
by Maigari Bello Bouba. In reality the new cabinet involves only a partial
reshuffle, illustrating President Biya's intention to decide nothing over
the short run which might overturn the ethnic balance at the top level of
government. The principal cabinet members remain in office (Dontsop in the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Maikano in the Ministry of Defense, and Ayissi
Mvodo in the Ministry of Interior). The "Northerners" (former President
Ahidjo was from the North, contrary to President Biya) hold the Ministry of
Defense, the important Secretariat of the Presidency (Sadou Daoudou), and
the Civil Service (Daouda Youssoufa), in addition to the post of prime
minister (Bello Bouba). In an exclusive interview a leader of the Union of
Cameroonian Peoples (UPC), Edouard Manga, told us yesterday [7 November]
that his party was ready to participate in a government of national union.

[Question] In your view why did President Ahidjo resign?

[Answer] We were surprised by this resignation, although not totally. Over
the past 2 years we have been saying that the problem involved in the
departure of Ahidjo was already before us, both by reason of his poor health
and the contradictions within his own party, the UNC (Cameroonian National
Union), which have been accentuated due to the slow deterioration in the
economic situation. ‘Two important leaders of the former regime, Paul Biya,
now president, and Ayissi Mvodo, had been involved some years ago in politi-
cal problems linked to the succession to Ahidjo. Furthermore, there was

a dull resentment felt by the people of the country. Neither did all of

the leaders, beginning with members of the Army, who went to speak to the
president, appreciate the fact that a new presidential palace was being built.
In our view the government preferred to settle this political crisis in a
peaceful way, so that the crisis would not openly explode.

[Question] Do you expect that there will be a political change?

12



MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH VIETNAM--To mark the 10th anniversary of the establishment of
diplomatic relations between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Democratic
Republic of Madagascar, several agreements in the cultural, technical and
economic fields have been signed. Cooperation between the two countries has
increased since diplomatic relations were established: The post and tele-
communications school was founded in 1978, and 15 Vietnamese lecturers are
currently teaching at the University of Madagascar. Madagascar has signed a
protocol under which Vietnam is to provide technicians for livestock breeding,
soya production, and to establish cooperatives and health services. Foreign
Minister Christian Remi Richard has sent a telegram to his Vietnamese counterpart
to mark the 10th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between
Madagascar and Vietnam. [Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 1030 GMT

20 Dec 82 MB]

CSO: 3419/338

4L



Through the composition of the mission we find that the emphasis will be placed
on marketing products such as furniture and textiles (trousers, shirts, pullovers,
napkins, blankets, etc.). Indeed, six furniture manufacturers will be repre-
sented: Art Decor Ltd, the Espitalier-Noel Group (Boboulo and Panache),

Laval Furniture, International Furniture Ltd, Marbella and Mauricarvers Ltd.
Representatives from the textile sector are: the Currimjee Gropu (Bonair
Knitwear and Raymond), Oceana Textile, Floreal Knitwear and Floreal Textile.

The delegation will also include officials from General Construction and from

a consortium of engineering firms (Ireland Blyth Limited/System Building and
Dynamotors) and a representative from Mauritius Commercial Bank.

Mr Arouff announced that the mission will also seek the cooperation of the

Arab countries in technical, financial, tourist and industrial affairs. "We
want to interest them in coming to invest in the important sectors of production,
especially at a time when appeals to accelerate investment are being made," he
said. He also mentioned the possibility of a permanent exhibit of Mauritian
products in the Gulf countries. Next year another mission will visit these
countries, a mission to be sponsored by the Secretariat of the Commonwealth.

9693
csO: 3419/239

45


SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA WARNS LESOTHO ON EMPLOYMENT, BORDER CONTROL
MB170720 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 17 Dec 82

[Text] The government has warned Lesotho that employment opportunities in
South Africa for Lesotho citizens could be jeopardized if Lesotho continues
to harbor terrorists who are active against South Africa. The warning was
contained in a speech to the UN Security Council by the South African ambas-
sador to the United Nations, Mr David Steward. Mr Steward appealed to
Lesotho to reconsider its support for terrorists. He said if the Government
of Lesotho did not revise its standpoint, South Africa would have to consider
intensifying the control measures on the border between the two countries and
limit the free movement of Lesotho citizens across the border.

Mr Steward was taking part in the Security Council debate on South African
military operations against the ANC targets in Maseru last week. He said by
accepting South Africa's offer to conclude nonaggression agreements with its
neighbors, Lesotho could bring the present confrontation to an end and con-
tribute to peace in Southern Africa.

The South African ambassador also said that the government believed that the
majority of the people of Lesotho did not support their government's policy
regarding the ANC terrorists in their country. He said that it was known that
certain members of the Lesotho Government were concerned about the destabiliz-
ing influence the terrorists had, not only on surrounding areas but also on
Lesotho itself.

Mr Steward accused the United Nations of inciting and encouraging terrorism
against South Africa. He said that for too many years members of the United
Nations had turned a blind eye to the activities of organizations such as the
ANC. In many cases member countries had lent the ANC vital covert support in
an attempt to ingratiate themselves with radical opinion.

Mr Steward also said that the resolution which the Security Council has adopted
regarding South Africa's actions in Maseru was one-sided. The resolution con-
tained no reference to the terrorist activities of the ANC, which had prompted
the South African action. There was also no reference to the fact that Lesotho
allowed its territory to be used as a springboard for terrorist attacks on its
neighbors,

CsO: 3400/455

74



ZAMBIA

EDITORIAL WELCOMES ANGOLAN-S. AFRICAN TALKS
MB171650 Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 10 Dec 82 p 3
[Editorial]

[Text] The meeting on Wednesday between ministers from Angola and racist
South Africa over the Namibian independence dispute was most welcome. After
all, the two countries hold the key to the future of the South African-
occupied territory.

Many countries including the contact group--the United States, France, Britain,
West Germany and Canada--have tried to settle the dispute, but they have failed
in their mission because South Africa has been unreasonable.

Namibia would have been independent early this year if racist South Africa
did not insist, with the backing of the United States, that freedom for
Namibia was dependent on the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola.

Angola and the frontline states have rejected the linkage between the presence
of Cuban troops in Angola and the independence of Namibia. Although the United
States appears to be championing the Cuban troops issue, a solution can only
be found after discussions between Angola and racist South Africa.

It is important for Angola to tell the South Africans that Cuban troops are in
that country because they were invited by the government of Angola to defend
the country from attacks by the racists.

It is also important for the South Africans to tell the Angolan Government why
they want the Cuban troops to be withdrawn from Angola. Do they, for example,
want a weak Angola so that they can invade her at will?

Although the South African regime is racist, it mvst appreciate that Angola
is an independent country which has to fight and defend itself. And when a
poor country is forced to defend itself from attacks by a powerful country
like South Africa, it will need outside help.

This is a fact the South Africans must accept and it is the main reason why
the Angolan Government invited Cuban troops. If the racist regime faced a
similar danger, it would, without doubt, have invited United States troops to
defend it.

129



zania in 1978, that if Namibia attains independence and if South Africa no
longer poses a threat to Angolan security, Cuban forces will be withdrawn
from Angola

The problem of the relationship between the Cuban presence and
the South West African Namibia issue has recently been raised to a higher
level of saliency. It is linked to Phase 2 of the Western Contact Group
proposals on free elections, as well as the de jure recognition of Angola by
the United States of America. In the United States a number of schools of
thought exist on these issues. The Carter Administration perceived the
Angolan Civil War as an extension of the SWAPO/South African confron-
tation. Accordingly. it was believed that if South African raids into Angola
could be stopped, and by reconciliating the MPLA and UNITA, the
Cubans would leave Angola. However. a more centrist and conservative
view is held. This sees Angola as the focal point of conflict. with Namibia a
separate and less important issue, In this respect UNITA is not regarded as
a tool of South Africa Accordingly. it is believed that if a genuine
political reconciliation between the MPLA and UNITA can be negotiated,
the MPLA would be prepared to expel communist forces from Angola
The present Reagan Administration is more committed to the recognition
of the legitimacy of the UNITA struggle, and the desire to bring about a
politicak compromise regarding Namibia, acceptable to all major political
forces. “The ultimate goal should be to reduce or eliminate the communist
combat presence in Southern Africa and bring about an (acceptable) com-
promise ...”.
However, at present, conflicting reports on the United States stance
on the issue of a Cuban withdrawal as a precondition for the settlement of
the South West Africa/Namibia conflict, tend to confuse the issue. In June
1982 the US State Department declared that “To assure success on Nami-
bia, we need a commitment from the Angolan government that Cuban
combat forces will depart from Angola ...” This posture is also related to
the accommodation of UNITA and the official recognition of Angola by
the United States. In July 1982 reports emanated from Washington,
according to which there can be no precondition about withdrawal of
Cuban troops from Angola in the present settlement negotiations. In reply
to a statement by the South African Prime Minister, Mr PW Botha, to this
effect, a US State Department spokesman has said that the United States
“...continues to believe that the success of our effort to achieve interna-
tionally recognised independence for Namibia will depend in part on
whether it is possible to achieve parallel progress on the issue of Cuban
withdrawal from Angola”. He concluded that “These two issues are related
.. but they are being handled as separate matters in separate channels.”
What it actually means is that the United States does not see the Cuban
withdrawal as a necessary prerequisite for settlement, but as a factor that
can greatly contribute to a climate conducive to the implementation of
Phase 2 of the Western plan, as well as reconciling UNITA and the
MPLA

The South African perspective has always been that the main aim of
the Soviet-Cuban involvement in Angola, and their support of SWAPO, is
to instate a Marxist-SWAPO regime in Namibia. Although no real contact
with Cuban forces has been made during South African follow-up opera-
tions in Southern Angola, a stage has been reached, especially following
the successes of South African forces in Angola during the last week of
August 1981, where Cuban forces will have to become actively involved in
order to help SWAPO maintain an image of success. This possibility,
however, is projected by the South Africa military planners, as confirmed
by Maj-Gen Charles Lloyd, Officer Commanding the SWA Territory



ZAMBIA

KAUNDA CALLS FOR INCENTIVE SCHEME IN INDUSTRY
MB201240 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 20 Dec 82

[Text] President Kaunda has said there is need for scientific incentive
schemes to be introduced at levels in parastatals to influence higher
productivity. Officially opening the 17th UNIP National Council meeting at
Mulungushi Hall yesterday, Dr Kaunda said it was not only farmers who needed
incentives to perform at higher levels.

The president emphasized that these things should be scientific and geared
strictly to productivity in real terms. He called upon parastatal managements
to take up the challenge of devising a bonus scheme which will achieve the
twin objectives: rewarding exceptional productivity, as well as practical
{word indistinct] physical involvement of workers in decisionmaking in their
enterprises.

The president also urged management to establish a climate of job security
without which a worker cannot find the fulfillment of his other (social) and
civic responsibilities.

Earlier, Dr Kaunda said parastatal companies must operate on economic bases
and on normal commercial lines, warning that the (?companies) must be gravely
undermining the strength of their economic (?revenues) if they did not operate
on commercial bases. He said for the parastatals to continue being vigilant,
there was need for them to charge economic prices for their products, and that
calls for a flexibility in the price control mechanism.

The president noted that the price control mechanism has been unresponsive to
raising costs, and it has in the final analysis resulted in government putting
up loans, grants and subsidies to offset losses. These grants and loans have
to be raised from the increased taxation, direct and indirect, Dr Kaunda

said, adding that this is an inefficient way of supporting industry.

CSO: 3400/467

131



Machel's policy is radically opposed to religion, and in order to disguise it
they have given a different meaning to 25 December. It is logical to think

that Christmas is the day when family members gather to celebrate the birth of
Jesus Christ. FRELIMO, however, thinks that it has invented a new date by
stating that 25 December is the day of the family. December 25 is Christmas Day,
and it will always be so despite the names that FRELIMO wishes to give it.

It is only now that FRELIMO has noticed that the family is society's foundation.
In 7 years of dictatorship the Mozambican people have been deprived of entertain-
ment and have lived in darkness. It has been 7 years during which the people have
not been able to celebrate a happy Christmas with their tables full of bread.
Children do not know that at Christmas parents usually give toys. They are not
even entitled to special treats because there is nothing available in the shops.
Parents no longer relish the euphoric sound of champagne bottles being opened.

One still remembers Machel's speech against religious organizations in which he
condemned the church and demanded that the people turn their backs on religion.
Today he is trying to go back on his word. The Mozambican people will never
forget the massacre of Jehovah's Witnesses by FRELIMO in 1977. Entire families
were killed because they refused to praise FRELIMO. They were locked up in
concentration camps in Niassa where there was no food, water, clothing or housing.
Dozens of children died every day and were then buried in common graves. This
massacre is part of the open record of Machel's oppressive regime, and today

he does not know what to tell the people.

Religion is part of family culture. FRELIMO disregards human rights, and it
dares to call 25 December family day in an attempt not to debase itself. They
forget that millions oppose their policies and that millions regard 25 December
as Christmas Day. It is sad, but we know that it will end soon. Desperation
is not the best alternative. A war does not bring about change at the drop

of a hat; it must go in accordance with its own laws. On behalf of the
Mozambique National Resistance, we wish a Happy Christmas to all Mozambicans.

CSO: 3442/82

49



Bagasse Pellets
French Visit
Private Schools
Political Renegades

MOZAMBIQUE

NIGER

RNM Radio Cites Machel's Opposition to Religion
(Voice of Free Africa, 15 Dec 82).......-.4+ eee eee ee eeee

Briefs
Vigilance Against Bandits
Italian Drought Aid

Chad Foreign Minister Sees Kountche, Comments
(Niamey Domestic Service, 10 Dec 82)....... bee c eee eee eeeee

Protocol Concerning Canadian Cooperation Project Signed
(LE SAHEL, 22 Nov 82)........+.-- tec eee cence eee ee cence

Briefs
French Cooperation Agreements Signed

NIGERIA

RWANDA

Tin Production To Be Increased
(Nwachukwu Ezem; DAILY TIMES, 3 Dec 82).......

Briefs
Agreement With Venezuela
Greek Ship Detained
Coal Industry Revamping
Steel Mill in East
Criticism of Libya
Iran Denies Aiding Rioters
Polish Ship Detained
River Problems With Niger
Currency Circulation Increase
Jos Apartheid Seminar

Briefs
Refugees Reported Committing Suicide

48

50
50

51

52

53

54

55

55
56
56
56
56
57
57
57

58



SOUTH AFRICA

SOVIETS HAVE NOTHING TO OFFER ANGOLA
MB141555 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 14 Dec 82
[Station commentary: "Crocker in Moscow"]

[Text] It is indeed significant that the American assistant secretary of
state for African affairs, Dr Chester Crocker, should find it necessary to
fly to Moscow for talks with Soviet officials on the withdrawal of Cubans
from Angola.

What this appears to indicate is that the decision to have the Cubans with-
drawn from Angola does not lie exclusively with the MPLA Government of Angola,
but that for such a decision to be taken a green light from the Soviet Union
is essential.

This falls in line with what the South African minister of foreign affairs,
Mr Roelof Botha said when he returned from the United States, where he held
talks with Secretary of State George Schultz. Mr Botha said that the impres-
sion he gained from the Americans was that insofar as Angola was concerned,
there was a 50 percent-plus chance of the Cubans withdrawing from Angola.
However, he was far more pessimistic about the Soviet attitude.

He pointed out that the Soviet Union had a new leader in Mr Yuriy Andropov,
and that he could find it humilating if the Cubans left Angola.

The reason for this is obvious. The Soviet Union, afraid of direct action--
because of the grave possibility this holds for nuclear warfare--has increas-
ingly been using proxy forces to carry out its expansionist designs. One of
the most spectacular successes it has achieved has been the use of the Cubans
in Angola. What this meant for the Soviet Union was that it established a
firm foothold in Southern Africa within striking distance of South Africa.

Insofar as Angola itself is concerned, the Soviets have shown conclusively by
now that they have nothing to offer that country. In the 7 years that the
Cubans have been there, Angola has fallen deeper into economic chaos, and the
specter of civil war has spread over half the country.

American Vice President George Bush said after his African tour that the

United States offered Angola the best opportunity for reaching a satisfactory
solution to its problems. And indeed this must be accepted as true.

66



force of the party and the revolution. The CSC must become the school of
socialism without which nothing is possible and everything else is only
verbiage.

Throughout the CSC, particularly in the basic-level process, the major issues
to be discussed by the central committee are gone over thoroughly by the
workers, then the suggestions are collected at the top. The workers’ voice
is heard, their aspirations are taken into account, and their desires are
satisfied in the decisions taken or approved by the party. More and more
the Congolese worker sees his responsibilities expanded within the framework
of his country's overall development. While in the capitalist countries the
ultimate loss is the fall of governments linked to the owners, in a socialist
country the goal is to organize production so as to constantly increase the
effectiveness of the policy.

9920
csO: 3419/271

21



SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG CITES REPORT ON CREDIBILITY OF UN
MB151717 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 15 Dec 82
[Station commentary: "United Nations' Network of Terror"]

[Text] The extraordinary claims and charges made in the United Nations’
Security Council debate must be seen in their context.

As an agent for pronouncing judgment on South Africa's raid on the African
National Congress [ANC] in Maseru, the United Nations has as little moral
standing as the Soviet Union. It is, as much as the Kremlin itself, a prime
participant in the dispute, an active supporter of the ANC and its terrorist
activities.

That is the contact that emerges from a report issued this week by one of the
leading private research institutions in the United States, the Heritage
Foundation. It exposes the United Nations as one of the world's bigger direct
financial contributors to the Soviet-directed international network of terror-
ism.

The Heritage Foundation is highly regarded by the Reagan administration, and
the results of its investigations will have far reaching repercussions. For
the clear implications of the report, as the compilers note, is that the West
is unwittingly contributing to Soviet expansionism through terrorism that is
ultimately directed against itself.

The United States pays 25 percent of the total United Nations budget, the West
as a whole, 65 percent.

These are grave charges. Proof for them was found in the collating of official
United Nations documents covering the past 8 years. In that time, the United
Nations voted at least $160 million for Marxist-orientated, Soviet-backed
revolutionary movements. Not a single non or anti-Soviet movement received a
cent.

Most of the funds went to the Kremlin's terrorist spearheads in the Middle

East: the Palestine Liberation Organization; and Southern Africa--SWAPO, the
African National Congress and the Pan African Congress.

64



RIVER PROBLEMS WITH NIGER--THE NATIONAL CONCORD focuses on disputes Nigeria has

had with her neighbors over waterways in recent times, Citing many of such
disputes, the paper observes the damming of River Niger by Niger Republic to

be the latest. According to THE CONCORD, this development will adversely affect

the water level of the Niger River in its course through Nigeria. It also notes

that Kwara and Sokoto states are now being affected by the damming of the river.
Although THE CONCORD believes that Niger Republic's unilateral decision is

against the conduct of international relations, it appeals to President Shehu Shagari
and Niger's leader to solve the water problem amicably. [Excerpt] [AB150928

Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 15 Dec 82]

CURRENCY CIRCULATION INCREASE--The currency in circulation throughout the country
at the end of July stood at 4,228.4 million naira. This is an increase of

50 percent, 58.4 million naira, compared with the level in circulation in pre-
ceding months. This was contained in the latest Central Bank report. According
to it, the increase was a result of rise of 53.9 million naira or 1.4 percent in
currency outside the banks. Loans and advances by commercial banks totaled over
9,800 million naira at the end of July this year compared with the level as at
the end of the preceding month and the corresponding month.a year before. Loans
and advances increased by 1.1 percent and 28 percent. The shares of general
commerce, export services and others, amounted to 40 percent. The report also
shows that total deposits with the Central Bank at over 2,900 million naira
declined by 1.2 percent as compared with. a decline of 7.7 in the preceding month.
[Text] [AB150848 Lagos Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 15 Dec 82]

JOS APARTHEID SEMINAR--The NIGERIAN STANDARD says the holding of the international
seminar on sanctions against apartheid South Africa in Jos was an honor to
Nigeria which is committed to the fight for the annihilation of the obnoxious
policy of apartheid in all its ramifications. It adds that the presence of
liberation movement leaders--SWAPO, fighting for Namibia's independence, the

ANC and the Pan-African Congress--underscores the appreciation of this by this
movement of Nigeria's efforts. That apartheid has survived till today, the paper
feels, is to be blamed on Western nations, particularly the United States and
Britain, which have consistently balked at the United Nations' resolution to apply
mandatory sanctions against the apartheid regime. It is of the opinion that the
liberation movements should join forces against the white settlers as a major
step in the fight to break the Pretoria regime, to ease and procure independence
for Namibia and Azania. [sentence as heard] [Excerpt] [AB131805 Kaduna Domestic
Service in English 1600 GMT 13 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/479

57



CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS

INFORMATION MINISTER LEAVES BAGHDAD--Baghdad, 11 Dec (INA)--Christophe
Grelombe, information minister of the Central African Republic, and his
delegation left Baghdad for their country at dawn today concluding a visit
to Iraq. While in Baghdad, Grelombe held talks with the culture and
information ministry officials on cooperation between the two friendly coun-
tries, especially in the exchange of movies, broadcasts, publications,
printed matter and other information materials. [Text] [JN110808 Baghdad
INA in Arabic 0725 GMT 11 Dec 82]

CsO: 3404/6

14



MADAGASCAR

DISSATISFACTION OF SOME OF ELECTORATE NOTED
Paris LE MONDE in French 5, 6 Nov 82 p 5

[Article by Jean-Pierre Langellier: "Madagascar: The Election of Anger"]
[Text] I. "My country is falling apart ...."
The presidential election in Madagascar on Sunday, 7 November,
will pit current President Didier Ratsiraka, in power since
1975, against Mr Monja Jaona, the leader of a populist move-—
ment. With the administration controlling the countryside,
where 80 percent of the Malagasy reside, there is no doubt
about the election's outcome. However, after 7 years of a
disappointing "socialist" experiment, the political debate is
focusing in particular on an assessment of its results, which
our special correspondent, Jean-Pierre Langellier, provides
in two articles.

Tananarive--"People of Madagascar, wake up. You must save your country. The
decision is yours. Only fear makes slaves." With fiery eyes and a slight
figure, Mr Monja Jaona likes to speak loudly and clearly. An eternal adversary,
he is at ease, for a half-century now, among the opposition. Against President
Didier Ratsiraka--30 years his junior--the old fighter will undoubtedly make
his last great stand on 7 November. The crusader for nationalism, feudal

lord, party leader and champion of the people coexist together in this charis-
matic, impulsive and forceful individual.*

Today, before an audience of attentive peasants, the tireless enemy of colonialism
and its heirs vilifies the "socialism of thieves." "My country is falling apart,"
he told us. "The administration is corrupt, the people are angry." And he
presents the case against the Malagasy Revolution by listing its most glaring
faults, one by one: insecurity ("The peasants live under the threat of violence."),
shortages of all kinds, corruption ("It is not children who organize the black
market."). He denounces the enrichment of the barons of socialism, who "live

in grand villas," the failure of "bootlicking" politicians, growing dependence

on external entities (the IMF and the Soviets). A stranger to subtleties,

Mr Monja Jaona compares his country to "the Egypt of the pharoahs."

*Mr Monja Jaona says that he is 72 years old, but his fellow countrymen say
that he is 5 years older than that.

31


NIGER

CHAD FOREIGN MINISTER SEES KOUNTCHE, COMMENTS
AB101713 Niamey Domestic Service in French 1200 GMT 10 Dec 82

[Text] Col Seyni Kountche, chairman of the Supreme Military Council and
head of state, this morning received Idriss Miskine, Chadian Minister of
Foreign Affairs and Jules Martal, Belgian Ambassador to our country.

Mr Miskine, who delivered a message from Chadian President Hissein Habre to
President Kountche, spoke to the press after the meeting.

[Begin recording] [Miskine] I have just been received by His Excellency,
Col Seyni Kountche, President of the Republic of Niger, to whom I conveyed
a message from his brother and friend, Col Hissein Habre, President of the
Republic of Chad. Certainly although we have fewer problems, the continent
and the world in general is going through a rather unsettled period so the
message I delivered is certainly on the overall economic situation in the
whole world.

[Question] How do you judge relations between our two countries?

[Answer] Chad and Niger are two brotherly and neighboring countries united
historically and geographically. Both belong to subregional organizations
such as the Lake Chad Basin Commission and the Niger River Basin Authority.
We both belong to a well-known zone called the Sahel area. We are therefore
here to hold meetings and make contacts in order to revive all these organi-
zations within the economic and sociocultural interest of our two peoples.

[Question] Mr Minister, you are no doubt aware that the long civil war

which took place in your country maintained a zone of instability at the door-
step of Niger. What do you intend doing to reestablish total security in this
area?

[Answer] In actual fact, as you say, Chad has gone through a long period of
war. Eighteen years of war in the life of a nation is a lot. This war has
neither spared Chad nor Niger. I can assure you that the government and the
president of the republic are busily trying to guarantee security for the
people and their property. Certainly we have small problems with our nor-
thern neighbor but we hope that wisdom will prevail in this matter so that
Chad can exist as a united, totally independent nation enjoying territorial
integrity. [End recording]

CsO: 3419/296 51



In any case the severity of the confrontations and the danger of a Libyan in-
tervention so alrmed the CCFAN that it dispatched to Sahr itself even the com—
missioners (ministers) dressed in their fatigue clothes to perhaps resume fir-
ing against the enemy.

The disappearance from the Chadian political scene of Kamougué, that colorful
personality, has reduced the embroilment to its simplest expression. The pro-
ject of concertation among Zaire, Gabon, Togo, and Chad, is being diluted amid
growing indifference. Certainly, the CDR combatants of Acheikh Ibn Oumar,

the only adversary still militarily dangerous for Hissein Habré, have disband-
ed without being physically beaten. Will they end their adventure in rally,
banditry, or continual revolution? It is still too soon to say, and this
country has offered cases of resurrections unbelievable enough to prevent one's
taking a chance on predicting the future. Hissein Habré will not contradict

us on that point.

The situation within the country is moving toward domestic normalization. In
the Mongo region, the prefect, Issa Nassour told us, 667 various rallies have
been recorded since the beginning of September, including many CDR and elem—
ents of the First Army of Abba Seid. Around Abéché, nearly 1,000 returnees
have become supporters of the the new regime, according to the prefect,
Tougou Djimé. Overall, the policy of reconciliation and fraternization prac-
tised by the CCFAN is unquestionably making points.

Before the power take-over by the Armed Forces of the North, Colonel Kamougué
played upon terror of a "blood-bath," successfully evoking the ethnic mas-
sacres of February 1982 by the FAN. This time, unfortunately for him, the
fear of the wolf was not so strong as weariness with his own errors in the
South.

In a sense, Kamougué was right: the FAN combatants are no choirboys. The
president and general manager of the Chadian Cotton Company, Mr Kolingar,
knows something about that, as does Commissioner Ndé at Moundou, who have both
been through the Caudine Forks of repression. But they have both survived,
one at Ndjamena and the second at Moundou.

Certainly, eye-witnesses have reported scenes of systematic pillaging at Moun—
dou against the Chadian Cotton Company, which more than any other symbolized
the military and financial might of Abdelkader Kamougué, whose personal for-
tune is estimated at 30 billion CFA francs. All the unoccupied houses of the
European employees have been stripped of their contents and the brand-new
trucks recently acquired in a 1.050 billion CFA franc deal, to bring in the
1982 cotton harvest, which promised to be excellent, have been "requisition-—
ed" by the dissident FAN-FAT combatants. Who pushed whom?

"Hissein Habré will have all those trucks returned!" states a French business—
man firmly, with confidence. In defense of the soldiers, it should not be
forgotten that the collapse of Ndjamena had brought southward whole hordes of
limousines, vans, and heavy trucks laden with furniture, refrigerators, tele-
vision sets, belonging to private individuals as well as to the central admin-
istration. Since order has been reestablished, the pillagers have been re-
turning often, contrite, to return the fruit of their forays with limping
excuses so that they can get their jobs back.

17


cso:

3400/440

proper “union © organisa-~
tion. There was’ a real
possibility, however, that :
some might do so and that
new unions seeking to”
represent Blacks could ;

spring up virtually over-
night. ;
“The chamber’s -deci-
sion. on: registration is
seen by. us as. quite a
on the la-

-bour scene, But to make
Sure that unions do not

clash with each other it is
essential that we all meet
and try to establish a uni~
fied union.caucus and dis-
cuss. issues like demarca-
Mr Ramaphosa said
such a meéting should be
set up-as soon as possible.
It! would probably take
place. very early next

84



Tananarive has become an expensive capital. Crime, the child of poverty, is
rising by the minute. The Malagasization of education, according to officials,
is a fiasco. It will take long years to correct the mistakes of the educa-
tional policy. Already an old phenomenon, the flight of intellectuals is
accelerating.

The increase in energy prices and the crash of world exchange rates have com-
bined for Madagascar's misfortune. Before 1975, the sale of coffee alone

was enough to pay the oil bill. Today, it covers only one-fifth of it.

Mr Ratsiraka cannot be blamed for launching a policy of "excessive investment"
in 1978, which was good in principle. It was necessary to make up for the
cumulative backwardness of decades of unsteady management and underinvestment.

But this economic choice has been poorly implemented. Projects were poorly
selected. Most of them had no immediate impact. Some thresholds of profit-
ability would not be reached until the year 2000. French banks, eager to
finance anything, offered bad advice to Malagasy officials. The result: The
static financial balance, which had prevailed until then, was seriously upset.
The Treasury crisis became alarming. "If I had 1 billion dollars ...,"

Mr Ratsiraka mused one day. But in recent years, money has not been enough
for success.

Madagascar, which opened negotiations in March 1980 with the International
Monetary Fund, was forced to compromise. It had no other alternative. Re-
jecting agreement meant breaking with Western bankers, suppliers and creditors--
often one and the same. No hope from the Soviets either: Moscow is not
accustomed to keeping afloat the economies of its Third World friends. The
USSR made it known that there would be no new Cuba in the Indian Ocean, The
agreement with the IMF therefore had, in this regard, a diplomatic impact.
Madagascar agreed in June 1982 to the IMF's conditions: limitation of public
spending and Treasury advances, reduction of food subsidies, increase in pro-
ducer prices, devaluation (the Malagasy franc lost 13.5 percent of its value).
In return, the IMF hailed Mr Ratsiraka's "political courage," granted compensa-
tory financing of $20 million and promised $51 million in the form of a standby
credit staggered over 12 months.

The Decisive Role of Paris

But it was first necessary to reestablish the balance of payments. At this
stage, France had a decisive role to play. During a meeting of financial
backers in June, Paris granted Madagascar 230 million francs, or one-half

of the total package. Whereas most of the donors (the United States, Japan,
Italy) provided food assistance, not directly productive, the French money
will finance the purchase of spare parts, machinery and small equipment to

be used for agriculture. The island's public debt also had to be rescheduled.
This was done within the "Club of Paris." Despite these measures, debt servicing,
more than one-half of export revenues, represents an oppressive burden. At
mid-maturity, these recovery measures will open the way to a structural adjust-
ment loan from the World Bank.

Such aid will be used for the most urgent needs first. The goal is to regain
in 1985 the production levels reached in 1978. It is not a matter of increasing

38



SOUTH AFRICA

MAN WANTED IN AWB CASE FLEES TO HOLLAND

MB190901 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 19 Dec 82 pp 1, 2

[Article by Neil Hooper and Ada Stuijt]

[Excerpts] The most wanted man in South Africa is on the run after escaping

the nationwide swoop on the extreme rightwing Afrikaner Weerstands Beweging (AWB)

by hours.

Nazi sympathizer Mr C. J. "Kees" Moes fled to Holland "for medical reasons"
as police were poised to arrest him.

The 38-year-old son of a Dutch war criminal is thought to be the Mr Big behind
the AWB's alleged stockpiling of arms.

In last week's security branch sweep, nine AWB men--including leader
Mr Eugene Terre'blanche--were detained after the discovery of arms caches in
mealie fields, rivers and dams.

Mr Moes, a gun fanatic, left the country suddenly last Friday.

The SUNDAY TIMES traced him two days ago to the home of his mother, Mrs. Mesje Moes,
in Bergshoek, near Rotterdam,

He said he was in Holland for medical treatment and had no comment to make about
his involvement with the AWB.

Three months ago Mr Moes, a member of the AWB "Opperaad," was found guilty in the
Pretoria regional court of possessing:

--a stolen military missile.
~-an unlicensed Soviet SKS semi-automatic rifle.

--an illegally made pen which fired .22 bullets.

79



STEEL MILL IN EAST--The Vice-Chairman of the Manufacturing Association of Ni-
geria, Eastern Zone, Chief Onwuka Kalu, has appealed to the Federal Govern-
ment to site one of the steel rolling mills in the Eastern part of the coun-
try. This, he said, would help to reduce the cost of transporting steel from
the various steel mills in the country to the east. Chief Onwuka who is the
chairman of ::Made-In-Nigeria trade Fair directorate," made this suggestion,
while briefing newsmen on the trade fair which will take place from December
2 to 1l in Aba. The Trade Fair, he explained, is aimed at enhancing the ac-
ceptability of Made-In-Nigeria goods by the public. Also the sum of 3 mil-
lion naira has been budged by the association for the trade fair. As part of
his contribution to the success of the fair, Chief Onwuka said he had donated
42,000 to organise a symposium titled, "Acceptability of Nigerian made.
goods." Chief Onwuka further told newsmen that the President, Alhaji Shehu
Shagari, is expected to declare the fair open. Meanwhile, about 400 firms
have been registered for the Trade Fair. [Austine Njoagwuani (Jnr)] [Text]
[Enugu DAILY STAR in English 29 Nov 82 p 16]

CRITICISM OF LIBYA--The [DAILY] TIMES, writing under a caption "wrong move,
Libya," the paper invites Colonel al-Qadhdhafi to realize that it is an unneces-
sary waste of funds and an exercise in futility for Libya to be recruiting
people to fight against the new government in Chad. The paper also appeals

to Mr Oueddei to recognize that endless wars would not solve the people's
problems and that it is not in his interest to be used as a tool for formenting
further unrest in Chad. The TIMES calls on some African countries as well as
the OAU to confer with the Libyan leader and Mr Oueddei. [Excerpt] [AB091019
Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 9 Dec 82]

IRAN DENIES AIDING RIOTERS--The Iranian Embassy in Nigeria has denied a state-
ment made in a Kano Magistrate Court that Iran gave financial and military
support to the followers of Maitatsine during the recent religious riots in
some parts of the country. In a statement issued in Lagos, the embassy said
that there was no truth in the testimony of one of the accused persons,

Haruna Hassan, which led to the statement. It said that the policy of Iran had
always been based on noninterference in the internal affairs of other nations.
It said that the accused had been encouraged by the imperialist forces of the
West and the East to defame the Republic of Iran. [Text] [AB131710 Lagos
International Service in English 1600 GMT 13 Dec 82]

POLISH SHIP DETAINED--A Polish electrical engineer, (Monikov T. Jessis), has
appeared before the federal revenue court in Port Harcourt, Rivers State,
charged with illegal importation of three automatic pistols and 30 rounds of
ammunition. He was also charged with illegal selling of two automatic pistols
and 20 rounds of ammunition to one Stephan Aping. (Jessis) was arrested by the
police on board a. Polish ship in Port Harcourt following a tip-off. The
presiding judge, Mr Justice G. U. Osakwe, ordered (Jessis) to be remanded in
police custody until today when his plea would be taken. Meanwhile, the captain
of the ship has been ordered by the police not to move his ship from the Port
Harcourt wharf until further notice. [Text] [AB101300 Lagos Domestic Service
in English 0600 GMT 10 Dec 82]

56



--a stolen rifle and camouflage uniforms, and a two-way radio.

Mr Moes was also convicted of stealing two rifle magazines, a bayonet and rifle
parts.

He was given fines of R1,000 or 500 days' jail, plus a nine-month prison
sentence suspended for five years.

CSO: 3400/484



TANZANIA

TANZANIAN OFFICIAL LEAVES FOR DOHA
GF111030 Manama WAKH in Arabic 0725 GMT 11 Dec 82

[Text] Abu Dhabi, 11 Dec (WAKH)--Tanzanian Foreign Minister Salim Ahmad
Salimtoday left Abu Dhabi for Doha after concluding a 4-day visit to the UAE
within a tour he is making to the Gulf.

During the visit, the Tanzanian minister delivered a message from Tanzanian
President Julius Nyerere to UAE President Shaykh Zayid ibn Sultan al
Nuhayyan dealing with bilateral relations and issues of common interest.
He also held contacts with a number of officials on reinforcing bilateral
relations, the current developments in the Middle East and Afro-Arab
cooperation.

The Tanzanian minister was seen off by Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
Rashid 'Abdallah.

cso: 3404/6

115



UGANDA

BRIEFS

SPECIAL FORCE DEATHS--Kampala, Dec 11 (AFP)~-Two members of Uganda's paramilitary
"special force’ unit were shot dead on Thursday at Kawempe, on the outskirts of
Kampala, it was reported here today, The men were killed in a trading centre.

No other details were immediately available, In another incident, reported by
the Kampala daily TAIFA EMPYA, police shot three men allegedly found in possession
of rifles and ammunition during a police search of Mukubirizi village, in

Mukono District east of Kampala. The newspaper did not say when the incident
took place, but reported that police opened fire, killing all three men, after
one of them drew a gun as the policemen approached. [Text] [AB110907 Paris AFP

in English 0848 GMT 11 Dec 82]

CSO: 3400/478

118



The construction of the second segment of the Transgabonese railroad, which
will connect Booue to Franceville after having gone through 357 km of thick
and impenetrable forest, should begin early in 1983. Meanwhile, the inaugura-
tion of the Ndjole-Booue segment, now nearing completion, would have taken
place with great ceremony around 30 December, the birthday of the Gabonese
chief of state.

However, the official visit of President Francois Mitterrand to Gabon, which
has already been announced, no doubt will result in the inauguration being
put off to the beginning of January. This was indicated by Charles Tsibah,
director general of the Transgabonese Railway Office (OCTRA). The participa-
tion of France, even if it has been reduced by the addition of the British,
amounts to 39.5 percent for the second segment, or the largest portion for any
country!

A Considerable Stake

Out of a phenomenal total cost of CFA F 325.6 billion the Gabonese budget will
cover half the cost of the investment. In his speech the deputy director of
the Banque Nationale de Paris, Jean-Laurent Micalleg, emphasized the fact
that such an effort by a government rarely occurs.

However, the stakes involved in the Transgabonese railroad are so important
for the development of the country that the government of Prime Minsiter Leon
Mebiame has placed a second bet on this extraordinary line of communications.
The double role of transporting forestry and mining products on the train
through the forest will be expanded by the effects produced by the Gabonese
economy.

A station every 40 kilometers have been provided to serve as a center of
attraction and development. Already, on the Libreville-Ndjole segment (180
kilometers) you can see natural groups of villages collecting agricultural
products on their way to market which, in the absence of transportation, would
once have rotted on the trees. The areas through which the railroad passes
wake up to the sound of clicking wheels, shaken out of their torpor by the
new possibilities for transportation and for trade.

In these new population centers medical installations (dispensaries), cultural
centers (schools) and trading facilities (markets) will be added. Even if the
financial soundness of the Transgabonese railroad were illusory, its impact
would be such through the areas which it passes that it would be worthwhile
over the middle term.

This compensation mechanism, although imperfect, was worth more than a risk-
sharing agreement, in the absence of well-known and reliable West German
partners such as Phillip Holzmann and Bilfinger.

The KFW, a West German organization, will fully guarantee the rates for this
kind of transaction, Emmanuel Nze Bekale, a counselor at the Ministry of
Economy and Finance, told us. However, unfortunately, Gabon is a petroleum
producing country which classifies it among the "rich." As such, everything
is relative.

25



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

PTA STATES TO ESTABLISH COMMON TARRIF POLICY
MB201238 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 20 Dec 82

[Text] The Preferential Trade Area, PTA, has set out to establish a common
tarrif policy among all member states to ease trade. The policy will enable
trade to be conducted among member countries without any barriers restrict-
ing it. The arrangement was announced last night by Economic Commission for
Africa Executive Secretary Professor Adebayo Adedeji during the Sunday inter-
view program.

Professor Adedeji said under the arrangement, the special treatment would be
accorded to member states on an equal basis, and in those cases regarding
trade by some countries they would be given more preference depending on
their position. He gave an example of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland to be
considered for preferential trade considerations because of their proximity
to racist South Africa.

Professor Adedeji said among the instruments that have been established were
clearing and payment houses, trade and development banks, adding that, with
the use of these instruments, a member country of the PTA would not need
foreign exchange to enter into a transaction with a fellow member state.
He, however, emphasized the need for teamwork if the venture was to succeed.

CSO: 3400/468



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

TRADE AGREEMENT SIGNED--Zambia and Lesotho today signed a trade agreement
aimed at cementing the bilateral cooperation between the two countries.
Foreign Minister Goma, who signed on behalf of the government, said for a
long time both countries have been eager to establish economic cooperation.
Professor Goma said that Zambia's enemies are bent on destabilizing and
frustrating regional cooperation, and there was need for full-fledged economic
relations to withstand the machinations of the country's enemies. In reply,
the Lesotho minister of trade, industry and tourism, Mooki Molapo, who signed
on behalf of his country, said economic cooperation between the two countries
will go a long way in fighting against the social evils of poverty and its off-
shoots of ignorance, hunger, disease and illiteracy facing the two nations.
[Text] [MB171900 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Dec 82]

MUGABE ADDRESSES PTA MEETING--The answer to the unequal distribution of wealth
among nations lies in effective economic cooperation among developing countries.
Addressing delegates attending the second meeting of the Preferential Trade
Area [PTA] yesterday the prime minister, Comrade Mugabe, noted that developing
countries share a common history of exploitation and subjugation. On the role
of the PTA, Comrade Mugabe said priority should be given to food production,
prevention of [words indistinct] food losses, food security, live-stock
production and the development of fisheries. He stressed the need for self-
reliance to counter increasing acts of aggression by the Pretoria regime,
which is bent on destabilizing independent African countries in southern
Africa. [Text] [CA172207 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 17 Dec
82]

KAUNDA WELCOMES OBOTE--President Obote is in Lusaka to attend the summit meet-
ing of the Preferential Trade Area [PTA] heads of state, which opened in the
Zambian capital yesterday. He was received at Lusaka International Airport
by President Kaunda, top Zambian Government and United National Independence
Party officials, diplomats and members of Ugandan community in Zambia. The
PTA Council of Ministers has been meeting in Mulungushi Hall, Lusaka, for the
past 2 days to lay ground work for the heads of state summit. Uganda was
represented at the PTA ministerial talks by the minister of regional cooper—
ation, Mr Samuel Tweungwa, and of commerce, Mr Aliro Omaro. [Text] [EA172200
Kampala Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 17 Dec 82]

CSO: 3400/467
133



But in order to start off again on the right foot, it will not be enough

for Mr Ratsiraka, on the eve of a new 7-year term, to be able to rely on
friends who are sensitive to his problems. Above all, he will have to think
about the weaknesses and mistakes of the experiment which he has personified
since.1975. Without this detailed examination, the revolution runs the risk
of never really benefiting a disillusioned population who still expects to
receive the first "dividends" of Malagasy socialism.

11915
cso: 3419/211

40



Government Criticized for Stopping Scholarship Aid

ZAMBIA

Editorial Welcomes Angolan-S. African Talks

Kaunda

Kaunda

Briefs

ZIMBABWE

Briefs

(Etienne Ugeux; LE SOIR, 8 Nov 82)...

(Editorial; ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 10 Dec 82).......

Calls for Incentive Scheme in Industry

(Lusaka Domestic Service, 20 Dec 82).

Closes PTA Meeting, Salutes Lesotho

(Lusaka Domestic Service, 17 Dec 82).........-- .

Trade Agreement Signed

Mugabe Addresses PTA Meeting

Kaunda Welcomes Obote

Korean Rice Shipment
Tanzanian Oil
Trade Area Meeting

128

129

131

132

133
133
133

134
134
134



should have been held in 1982, were postponed for a year because the president
preferred to strengthen his position before letting ARIMA run this perilous
obstacle course.

Eighty-eight percent of local elected officials and 112 of the ANP's 137 members
belong to ARIMA, which has become the primary target of popular discontent.

It was the forced reinstatement of an ARIMA provincial governor, contrary to

an avid grass-roots wish to have the constitutional principle of dismissal

of elected officials applied, which led to bloody incidents in March in
Antsiranana (formerly Diego-Suarez). Long torn between a "left" fond of
verbalizing and a more pragmatic "right," the general consensus is that ARIMA
will bite the dust with the upcoming elections, which will give rise to open
confrontations between Front factions, most of which want to see their real
weight in the country confirmed before asking the president for a more equitable
share of power.

The Mosaic of the Front

Seven years after the Malagasy Revolution, its inability to produce an original
force capable of mobilizing the country's energies remains one of the government's
major weaknesses. The Front is only a mosaic in which regional rivalries mix
with ideological disagreements. Its local branches, stipulated by legal texts,
have yet to be created. It is rarely consulted before important decisions

are made. The exercise of presidential power has prevailed, at the Front's
expense, over the art of working together, which is nevertheless dear to the
Malagasy. The Supreme Revolutionary Council resembles an empty shell more

and more.

We could even be gradually witnessing a regrouping of Malagasy political families.
Like Mr Lucien Xavier Andranarahinjaka, chairman of the National Assembly,

many people want a "concentration" of forces which have thus far been too
scattered. Mr Manandafy Rakotonirina, leader of the MFMM [expansion unknown],
adds: "The rules of the game must be redefined." Monja Jaona, who considers
himself a maverick, does not want to reinstate the "front of schemes." But

in order to develop, his party needs to remain a part of it.

The "old man," who approved the adoption of the "Red Book" in 1975, the "charter
of the Malagasy Revolution," does not challenge the system's foundations.

The Monja Jaona-Ratsiraka duel is a contest between two "socialists." A change
of power is not on the agenda. The election campaign has made it possible

to revive political debate and to bring problems to light. The election will
set off a domestic protest. The Malagasy are glad about all of these things.
But the stakes would have nevertheless been better clarified if individuals
outside the Front would have launched into the fray. Mr Monja Jaona, who con-
siders himself a "candidate of change," is cleverly taking advantage of this
confusion to assemble opponents of every shade and hue under his banner.
Government leaders, having sensed the danger, are denouncing this "club of
malcontents," which obviously includes enemies of socialism.

Will Mr Monja Jaona's performance influence the behavior of the chief of state?
Those who are familiar with his pride and stubbornness doubt that he will change

34


TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR PRESIDENT URGES MORE EMPHASIS ON DEFENSE
EA132028 Zanzibar Domestic Service in Swahili 1600 GMT 13 Dec 82

[Text] Zanzibar: Chairman of the Revolutionary Council Ndugu Aboud Jumbe
has asked the defense and security forces to expand the amount of defense
available to protect our country's safety. He made the appeal today when

. opening a 4-day workshop for the defense and security committees of Zanzibar
being held at the party headquarters in Kisiwa Ndui. Ndugu Jumbe said that
the purpose behind such an expansion is to increase defense in order to meet
the country's needs and to protect the life and property of the people in
accordance with the laws of the country.

Ndugu Jumbe, who is also the president of Zanzibar, wants more cooperation
between all government and defense institutions so that there can be more
thought given to defense matters, bearing in mind the fact that responsibil-
ity for the country's defense does not lie solely with the police and the
security forces but belongs to all the institutions of the country. He also
said that the protection of independence and the integrity of the country is
a responsibility related to the institutions of higher learning.

The workshop, which is being attended by 60 participants and is chaired by
Minister of State in the Office of the Chairman of the Revolutionary Council,

Ndugu (Ramadhani Haji), is to discuss 11 items, including how to structure
the defense and security committees of the Tanzanian mainland and islands.

cso: 3449/12

114



[Answer] From all appearances the resignation of Ahidjo is something
positive for our people. However,-in view of the new cabinet formed by
Paul Biya, we don't see any change. There has been no freeing of political
prisoners nor a union of all the political forces of the country.

[Question] Do you think that such a union of political forces is possible,
particularly if the UPC considers itself a Marxist-Leninist party?

[Answer] We have never been supporters of sectarian politics. We are
disposed to cooperate with all political forces, including, of course,
certain well-known personalities, such as the writer, Mongo Beti. Such
collaboration is possible, once the present government has freed all politi-
cal prisoners, decided on an amnesty concerning everything that has happened
since independence and committed itself to a minimum program stating that
the wealth of our country should profit the Cameroonians first. And at the
international level the government must decide Cameroonian, African, and
international questions in a sovereign manner. Up to now it has not done
this. We are ready to participate in a government of national union, and
we wish to see such a government established.

5170
cso: 3419/231

13



Summary

Force in a recent statement. This attitude was reiterated by the South
African Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr “Pik” Botha, who stated that
although the presence of Cuban troops did not constitute a threat to the
security of South Africa, it did constitute a serious threat to Namibia. In
this respect, the South African viewpoint, as has been stated by a Defence
Force spokesman, is that regarding “armed Angolan dissidents”, the
Angolan government was fighting a civil war against UNITA. As such.
South Africa was not involved in the civil war situation, but was under”
taking military operations in Southern Angola as preemptive and follow:
up measures. in order to defend the people of Namibia against Soviet am
Cuban backed SWAPO insurgents

Although South African military and political spokesmen had
initially denied any contact between South African forces and Cuban
troops and/or Soviet military personnel, during the South African follow:
up operations against SWAPO in Southern Angola in August 1981,
events have since proved the opposite. It has become known that the South
African forces killed two Soviet Lieutenant-Colonels during these opera
tions, and captured a Soviet NCO with the senior rank of Sergeant-Major
during a skirmish with SWAPO forces, 50 km from the Namibia/Angolan
border. Although it had been accepted that military personnel do act as
military advisers to SWAPO, the capture of the Soviet NCO is regarded as
the first positive proof of Soviet involvement with SWAPO forces at a pla-
toon level.

These events have strengthened the South African standpoint that
the Soviet-Cuban involvement is related primarily to the active support of
SWAPO, and secondly to anti-UNITA operations by the FAPLA forces of
the MPLA regime. Therefore, the South African government maintains
that the removal of the Soviet-Cuban presence in Angola is a necessary pre
requisite for the termination of the Namibia issue in a peaceful manner
and stabilizing the regional subsystem of Southern Africa. Without direct
foreign aid and support, the South African government believes, SWAPO
will cease to be a military and political factor in the settlement of the
Namibia issue. This will create a favourable climate in which de facto as
well as de jure authority can be transferred to the people of Namibia in a
truly democratic fashion, and not through the use of military force.

Finally, the foreign presence in Angola must be seen in its global
context. Although the regional focus tend to dominate, the possibility of a
projection of coercive diplomacy and the rapid deployment of armed for-
ces based in Angola throughout the whole of Africa, as well as the South
Atlantic and Latin-America, cannot be ignored. The ideologically orien-
tated aim of a worldwide Marxist regime underlies this supposition.

From the foregoing, it is clear that firstly, the Cuban presence.in Angola,
as logistically supported by the Soviet Union, is believed to be a visible and
tangible expression of Soviet ambitions in the true sense of imperialism.
Although ideological roots still provide foreign policy incentives, the Soviet
Union is a major power. It pursues national interests in the context of
power politics, through the use of surrogates and conflict by proxy. This is
seen as the direct result of the increasing Soviet capabilities, and the Soviet
exploitation of changes in the international system, especially within the
context of major power interaction. As such the Soviet Union has been


SENEGAL

PAI Holds Third Congress, President Holds Press Conference
(LE SOLEIL, 6, 7 Dec 82) .

Diop's Comments During Congress, by Momar Seyni
Ndiaye
Diop's Press Conference, by Hamadoun Toure
SIERRA LEONE

Koroma Receives ROK Foreign Ministry Official
(Freetown Domestic Service, 15 Dec 82).....ecsececscceneee

Briefs
DPRK Medical Officers

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg Cites Report on Credibility of UN
(Johannesburg International Service, 15 Dec 82)...........

Soviets Have Nothing To Offer Angola
(Johannesburg International Service, 14 Dec 82)..

Editorial Speculates on Cost of Maseru Raid
(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES, 12 Dec 82).......ccceeccesscceee

Raid Difficult To Censure But Tragic
(Editorial; RAND DAILY MAIL, 10 Dec 82)........ ee ccecocsves

Opinion Poll Shows Widespread Reformist Attitude
(Johannesburg International Service, 15 Dec 82)..........-

South Africa Warns Lesotho on Employment, Border Control
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 17 Dec 82)....seeceeeeeeee

Military Force Sign of Political Failure
(Editorial; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 12 Dec 82)......ceseeceeeenees

Top Ten Annual Business Reports Best Ever
(Stephen Orpen; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 28 Nov 82)...

Hard Times Hit Nation's Harbours
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Dec 82).......

Man Wanted in AWB Case Flees to Holland
(Neil Hooper, Ada Stuijt; SUNDAY TIMES, 19 Dec 82)........

Need for More Citizen Force or Senior Officers Explored
(ARMED FORCES, Nov 82)....csecceeeccceccecccescceerceereees

-d-

62

63

64

66

68

70

72

74

75

77



We spent the night in Yuki.

There was nothing the inhabitants of Yuki could sell to us or buy from us.
The village, built around a saw mill, had been devastated a few months ago
by marauding troops: most villagers had had enough time to’flee. A peasant
had been murdered, one young girl raped to death, the huts, the saw mill
plundered. The culprits, a young man suggested, were said to have been
executed, That information caused everyone to burst out laughing: "Where
did you see that, tell us? Are you out of your mind?"

After a whole morning's. work, we got our barge out of the sand. We had loaded
more bags at Eolo, Mabeng, Seko, in the Bandundu country. Our holds were
ready to burst. The tithe bags were piling up on.the deck. Captain M'Bokolo
had every ground to be pleased; that trip was to bring him about 150,000 CFA
francs. Of course, we had covered only half the distance by the end of the
fifth day, but now the captain could rush: the troops were probably at least
a full day ahead of us.

Actually, their tugboat pulled us out the second time we ran aground, two
days later, near Mushie. For a moment, we thought it would not make it.
The emergency cable had not been passed through too cleverly and the girders
holding the tugboat roof were popping off one after the other. From the
bank, the soldiers were watching and laughing at the surprising sight of
their boat falling apart under the effort. Nevertheless, the machinery held
long enough to get us out of the sand but the night was abcut to fall and we
would have to spend it alongside the military convoy.

Mushie is another of those ghost towns which line the national road. We walked
through it in the most complete darkness, barely and quite inadvertently mis-
sing the soldiers who, under the pretext of identity cortrols, were exacting
ransoms from the inhabitants: a forgotten or an expired identity card, or a
card established in another province, or a card that was too dirty, or too
clean, would bring its owner a fine of 500-1,000 CFA francs.

The siren of the Nkoye called us back urgently while we were still groping in
the dark. As we arrived, a fight was going on on board and M'Bokolo had given
the order to cast off: the soldiers were trying to plunder the cargo. Very
gently, we ran aground a sand bank downstream. M'Bokolo would have done any-
thing to preserve his property.

The pursuit started the next morning at dawn, in the midst of a fog that bare-
ly allowed us to distinguish the river bank. Fortunately, that last part of
the Kasai forms a sort of estuary, the Kwa, which is navigable in all seasons.
With the military convoy at our heels, we did not lose any of our meagre
advance.

A sanitary control station had been established by the authorities at the
confluence of the Kwa and the Congo-Zaire. Two armed patrol boats of the
river brigade forced us to come alongside at Kwamouth. The troops following
us refused to obey. Their convoy entered the big river, followed in its
turn by the brigade's patrol boats. We never saw them again.

126



particular by the two essential characteristics of the South African situ-
ation. One is that this is a country of minority communities, white and
black, jealous of their cultural values and institutions. The other is that
the fate of any of them depends on the fate of all--their interdependence.
Taken together, they constitute the central issue in national affairs, today
and as far ahead as can be foreseen.

A policy that denies the forces of either community's self-determination or
economic interdependence is a recipe for disaster. Ignoring those forces
would unleash such elemental and enduring hostilities that any future scenario
becomes a pipedream. All that is at issue is how they must best be accommo-
dated in the striving to build together the secure and just society that is
the ultimate goal.

CsO: 3400/455

104



SIERRA LEONE

BRIEFS

DPRK MEDICAL OFFICERS--At Midday [yesterday]--two medical officers from the
DPRK were introduced to Dr Stevens by the charge d'affaires of the DPRK em-
bassy in Sierra Leone. The men are here on an agreement between their
country and Sierra Leone. Both men are to serve with the Sierra Leone mili-
tary forces for an initial period of 3 years. [Text] [AB150840 Freetown
Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 15 Dec 82]

CsO: 3400/455

63



The conquest of the South, the "useful South" —- the most tendentious kind of
image possible, implying that the rest of the country lives at the expense of
these five prefectures -- is explained more by the inextricable system of bri-
bery and rackets that has brought the population to its knees rather than by
Hissein Habré's martial or ideological halo. His good luck, in a word, de-
rives from the intolerable attitude of the Kamougué family which domineered
over this region as if it had been a private domain.

The colonel used to collect, in the form of taxes, fees, perfectly arbitrary
revenues, some nice round sums that could amount to several tens: of billions
of CFA francs. He had exploited the whole economy of "his" zone, quite simply
setting aside all form relating to national unity or collegial management;
hence the gradual exasperation of his peers and the civilian tacket victims.

At the same time, he refused to pay the wages of soldiers and civil servants,
claiming that remuneration was Ndjamena's responsibility. A one-way fiscal
system, in short, that could not last for ever. And so, to survive, the admin-
istrative agents, whether civilian or military, had to manage with their own
devices: the most detested, the most spurned by the population, was the "bar-
rier" system.

Originally, there existed on the main highways some rain barriers to protect
the road surfaces, under the care of the Waterways and Forestry Commission
agents. Then the Customs Service employees beeame involved with them, under
the pretext of better control of thecirculationof goods. Later, a third
"security" body joined in, the soldiers, in case of an armed invasion by the
people of the North. All these good folk exacted from passing vehicles a
bakshish [gratuity] to season the skimpy daily fare, whether they were customs
officers, gamekeepers, soldiers, or police militiamen.

The director of the cigarette and tobacco plant complained that between
Ndjamena and Moundou, he had to give away no less than 1,000 packs of cigar-
ettes as "toll." The convoys financed by Cameroonian shopkeepers had to "tip"
at about 20, and sometimes 40, barriers to reach their destination; at every
stop, four or five different services exacted their contribution, with no
compunction in drawing their weapons in the event of mutual misunderstanding.
Sick and tired of it, the shopkeepers reduced the flow of their goods in both
directions, as the months passed.

End of the Civil War

One week after the fall of Moundou, all the barriers had miraculously vanished.
A change which was greeted with relief by all the inhabitants of the South.
Moreover, the FAN soldiers who had been wandering dangerously about the towns
at the start, pillaging the houses, robbing the inhabitants, striking or muti-
lating the passers-by, were severely called to order. More than one resident
of Ndjamena admits that their discipline is harsh, even pitiless.

A communique was issued by the authorities to put an end to abuses that were

still possible, in the form of a "warning to malefactors and trouble-makers";
all the soldiers and private citizens in arms walking about Ndjamena late at

18



Interview

Members of the FLEC are now very few in number and the drop is explained by
the dissension between leaders, said M. C., formerly a second lieutenant in
the FLEC forces.

"Now we are not very strong and morale is low. We have suffered too long from
a lack of everything. Soldiers must be content with manioc and bananas to eat.
When one of us is wounded, there is no medical care. Many comrades died use-
lessly for lack of attention," he told us. "This year, the FLEC continues

to carry out small operations in the northern region of the province against
military vehicles or FAPLA patrols. In the last two months, we launched two
attacks on military cars on the Tando-Zinze road and had plans to continue that
type of operation," M. C. added. "It took me several years," the young former
FLEC officer continued, "to understand that I had been deceived, that the
movement was growing weaker and that it could not put its ideas into practice.
Since 1978, the date of the meeting between Angolan and Zairian presidents
Neto and Mobutu, Zaire has played a double game, sometimes weakening us and
sometimes helping us. We are now forced to leave our weapons at our military
positions in Angola."

This former officer believes that too many promises were made and not kept

and that it was no longer possible to continue such a hard life. "We have but
one possibility left," he said: "To go to the UN refugee camps in Zaire." But
in his opinion, it is not all over because FLEC soldiers are fleeing to camps
serving as a rest base between military operations and FLEC leaders bring
pressure on recalcitrant soldiers in order to send them back into the fighting.
Furthermore, "every faction has its partisans in the camps and many conflicts
occur right in the camps."

“When I returned to Angola, I was afraid. I had been told that I would be
subjected to questioning and mistreated, then killed. But," he concluded
smiling, "yesterday I turned over my two weapons to the authorities and I am
still alive."

11,464
cso: 3419/298



EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

NIGERIAN DONATION--The ambassador of the Federal Republic of Nigeria to our
country, Mr (Mutire), yesterday handed over to Secretary of State of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs Apolinar [name indistinct] four landrovers
donated by the Government of Nigeria to the Government of Equatorial Guinea.
[Text] [AB180835 Malabo Domestic Service in Spanish 0600 GMT 17 Dec 82]

CsO: 3448/5

23



cso:

3400/4400

of the mew constitution. ~
This involves introducing
legislation during the early
stages of the next session of
Parliament, probably
around April The legisla-
tion will then go to the Par-
lect Commit-
tee on the Constitution,
which is where the Pro-
gressive Federal Party is
pinning its main hopes of
negotiating substantive
amendments to the current

plan.

The timetable. calls for
the enabling legislation to
be completed during the
1983 Parliamentary session
—a task that will probably
cohoa et at

possibly even a ly
longer than usual duration.

Elections for the
coloured and Indian repre~
sentatives .are scheduled
for late September or early
October.

There is: unconfirmed
tion in political cir-

les that a short session of
the new. three-chamber
Parliament 1 might be con-
ven te 1e year, pos-
sibly to dispense with the
ceremonials of formally
constituting the new

arrangement.
Certainly, it is the inten-

92

tion to have all systems fir-
ing by January 1984. .
first tasks of the new
Parliament will be func-
tions confined ofly to the

majority parties in each
chamber.

Epic saga

—_

These will be to elect a
president, confidently pre-
dicted to be the current
Prime Minister, and for
each chamber to elect their
quota (20 whites, 10
coloureds and five Indians)
of representatives to the
new jident’s Council.

Parliamentarians may
not be simultaneously

8

members of the Presiden
Council.

With the President's
nomination of the remain-

-ing 25 members of the

President’s Council, the
structures of the dispensa-
tion will be finally in

position.

Getting that far will rep-
resent for the Governm ent
something of an epic saga.
Making it work ... well,
that will be another story

- entirely.



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

KOREAN RICE SHIPMENT--About 4,000 tons of Korean rice has arrived in Zimbabwe.
A spokesman for the Ministry of Trade and Commerce says a system of distributing
the rice is being looked into by the responsible ministry. He said the
authorities are anxious that the rice reach the consumers as quickly as
possible. [Text] [MB210814 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT

21 Dec 82]

TANZANIAN OIL--The chairman of the Tanzania-Zambia oil pipeline, Comrade (Chissanga),
said oil is now flowing from Dar es Salaam following a cutoff of supplies last
month. He also says the refinery at Ndola has started processing oil. Pumping

of oil from Dar es Salaam to Ndola had been suspended in November because Zambia
lacked foreign currency to pay for it. [Text] [MB180801 Harare Domestic Service

in English 0600 GMT 18 Dec 82]

TRADE AREA MEETING--Zimbabwe is to host the next. meeting of the preferential
trade area of east and southern Africa. A communique issued in Lusaka at the
end of the 2-day meeting of PTA member states said the meeting will be held in
December next year. The communique urges those who have not signed the PTA
treaty to do so. Commenting on the meeting the prime minister, Comrade Mugabe,
described it as a success. [Text] [MB180802 Harare Domestic Service in English
0600 GMT 18 Dec 82]

CSO: 3400/485 END

134



SAAN, ARGUS REACH NEW STAFF PAY AGREEMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Dec 82 p 4

[Text]

CSO:

‘A°NEW nationaf salary::

A joint’ statement by
Argus and SAAN. said
yesterday that in terms of
this agreement, all.week-
ly-paid © members .: of
MWASA on Argus group
newspapers“ will receive
an increase of 14 percent
or-R10, whichever is the-
greater, on their current

, wages. from the’ first. pay.:

week in January 1983,

: and a further four percent

increase on current wages
from July 1, 1983, subject.
to review nearer the time.

Also - from, * January,

_monthly-paid members of

MWASA employed by
the Argus, excluding edi-
torial staff in their first’
four years of service, will’
receive ‘an’ across-the-

“board increase of eight

[percent on theirsalaries. -:

3400/440

"Barter wierit in =,

will be paid to MWASA:
members at the discretion’ :
‘ofthe company: .-

The total salary bill of
those monthly-paid
MWASA members. who,
were in the employ of Ar-
gus Company newspapers
on January 1, 1982, will
imcreasé by 12,5 per cent

Bs Fo ee toa.

MWASA editorial staff
in their first four years of ©
service will be paid
according to the following
grades: Ist year, R400 per
month; 2nd year, R500;
3rd year, R600; 4th year,
R700 — and on comple-
tion of 4th year, R800.

Only exceptions to the
agreement are MWASA
members employed as in-
serters by the Argus.
group’s Durban news-
Papers. They received an
increase of 18 percent on
weekly wages from July 1,
1982, and their position

85

SOUTH AFRICA

will be reconsidered at:
mid-year.

agreement
reached with SAAN,
weekly-paid | MWASA
members will receive a
flat increase of R9,50 per
week on December 1982
wages which will increase
the current MWASA.
weekly payroll cost by:
12,8 percent, . :
In addition, SAAN has
teed the continued
existence of its current in-

that any consequent merit
increase of less than 3,75
percent will be reviewed
jointly by management

and MWASA at chapel
ioel

The “SAAN agreement
on monthly salaries pro-
vides_for_an_across-the-
board increase of seven
percent based on January
1982 levels.

MWSA’s: monthly-paid
editorial staff will receive

salaries similar to
those of the Argus group.



ANGOLA

CUBAN, SOVIET PRESENCE, STRATEGY ANALYZED
Pretoria ISSUP STRATEGIC REVIEW in English Nov 82 pp 17-23
{Article: "The Soviet-Cuban Strategy in Angola"]

[Text] A major problem of the Soviet-Cuban involvement in Angola, is to decide
whether their strategies are formulated according to a grand plan. Grand
plans have. however, to compromise with realities. Although in the pure
ideological context, Soviet-Cuban activities should always in the final in-
stance be related to the pursuance of communist ideals, their activities do
not always necessarily reflect a global and/or regional attitude. This is
especially true where situations unpredictably develop. This necessitates a
country-by-country evaluation of strategic considerations.*9? Care must
therefore be taken to avoid relating the Soviet-Cuban mission in Africa to
generalizations.

Not quite unrelated to this aspect, are two extreme views relating to
the Soviet-Cuban foreign policy relationship. Whereas Cuba is generally
perceived as being a surrogate of the Soviet Union, a second school of
thought stresses the role of Cuba as an unconstrained autonomous actor.

In this context it would be more correct to speak of Soviet and Cuban ad
hoc policies, than a comprehensive African policy. The truth lies in be-
tween these extremes. Although due consideration must be given to
mutual constraints and leverages which make it possible for Cuba to pro-
duce limited inputs into the Soviet decision-making process regarding the
Third World. thereby enhancing leverage for an increase in Soviet
military and economic aid, the opposite is of far greater importance. The
fact cannot be ignored that the Soviet Union represents the most important
and dominating external environmental and intrusive parameters of
Cuban foreign policy. Although having a privileged position as a Soviet al-
'Y. Cuba still has to operate within the broader framework of Soviet policy

irectives, The reality remains that Cuba cannot operate without Soviet
Support, as was proved by the logistical and air and sealift capacity of the
Soviet Union during the 1975 -.76 Civil War. A proxy situation thus de-
veloped, which constituted an organic relationship in which the realization
of each government's goals depends on the support and actions of the
other

Nevertheless. a formula for Soviet-Cuban strategies can be envisag-
ed. This entails a highly selective, incremental. opportunistic, ideological-
ly justified and irreversible process of intervention, Other preconditions
are the expectance of a quick victory, a lack of reaction by adversaries and
a political impact acceptable to allies and the governments of host
states. The Soviet-Cuban approach can be described as one of the



tinctly more autocratic
than even the Govern-
ment’s constitutional inten-
tions for whites, coloureds
and Indians.

The PC, for -instance,
would grant greater
powers to the executive
president, than the Govern-
ment’s pr Is do.

This has heightened fears:
that already exist in the
Government's package of a
potential dictator in South
Africa, worries scarcely as-
suaged by the PC’s. consti-
tutional chairman, Dr
‘Schalk van der Merwe, who ©
airily conceded to report-
ers that this was possible —.
but unlikely. we

One of the all too few
checks on the president in
the Government's guide-
lines is the fact that dis-
putes: about what consti-

-tutes common interest and

separate group interest
should be refereed by the ~
President’s Council, whose ©
decision would be binding.
Incredibly, the second
PC report tries to’ under-
mine its own future role by”
saying thanks, but no
thanks. It believes el presi-
dente should have that task.
The PC report makes no
provision for a vote of no:
confidence in the president ”
at all, whereas the Govern-.;
ment repeatedly assured
its congresses that such a °
ision would be retained’;
in the new constitution, +
, the PC. shows a:
complete disregard for the
Tole of minority parties in
the proposed sys 4
It recommends that the °
vital joint committees, :
which is where. the real
political horse trading on
the matters of common
concern will take place,
should reflect the 4:2:1
numbers ratio that will ex-
ist between the white,.
coloured and Indian
chambers. “

That Proposal rules out
any prospect ition
participation in ‘be com.
mittees: they would be side-
lined into eternal wallflow-
er status, invited to the ball
but forbidden to dance.

There is some relief in
Mr Heunis’ categoric assur-
ances that the Government
has every intention of in-
cluding the opposition par-

ties in those committees.
“The establishment of
such committees does not
detract from the rule of the
opposition parties in any
way because it would seem
obvious that the opposition
partiés will also be repre-
sented on the (joint) stand-

ing committees he said.
assurance implies.
that, outside of the cham-
bers, the 4:2:1 ratio will not
necessarily be rigidly fol~

lowed — a view alreat

, stated in terms of the Cabi-

net: the Government has re-
fused to be bound by a ra-
ial formula for the Cabi- ;
net, arguing that merit only ,
should be the criterion. ‘
Explaining the view on
the standing committees,
‘one informed source said:
“Their task” will be. to”
achieve consensus deci-°
sions, which is. different
from ‘majority ~ decisions.
The numbers in the com-
mittees, therefore, are not-
decisive. It is regarded as
crucial that’the Opposition -
parties be includ ae
Of course, none of these
finesses touches the central
objection of the official Op-
position, namely that there
no provision for blacks in
the proposed system..
Indeed, any hopes that
the. Government had some

. hidden agenda to include

blacks later have been

killed in no uncertain terms

‘by the Prime Minister's
statement, since repeated
by other’ Ministers, that
there are no plans whatso-
ever for a black chamber of
Parliament.

That is the public posi-
tion. In private it is no dif-
ferent. “Forget it. It’s out.
It’s just not on,” a senior
source said.

Quixotic

In the absence of any oth-
er evi that means
overnment policy for
lacks remains rooted in
the belief that one day
there will be no African
‘citizens of South Africa;
political expression for Af-
ricans will be through the
pro confederation.
that seems a Quixotic
faith in the light of projec-
tions that by the turn of the

91

century there will be some
21-million urban blacks in-
extricably enmeshed with
South Africa, geographical-
ly, socially and most impor-
tant economically, it is also
a huge stumbling block for
the. current constitutional
exercise.

Adherence to that policy
would seem to make it im-
possible for the Official Op-
position to support the new
dispensation ause of a
fundamental commitment
to full citizenship rights for
all South Africans, a defini-
tion in which they include

Africans. 2 i

It also makes it extraor-
dinarily difficult for.
coloureds and Indians to co-
operate. Government
sources seem sanguine
about the prospects of
coloured participation, but
admit that persuading Indi-
ans to climb aboard is more
problematic.

It is the “Inkatha Factor”
that worries them. The ma-
jority of Indians live in
Natal. The bulk of their‘cli-
entele are Zulus, most of
whom are members of
Chief Gatsha Buthelezi’s In-
katha -movement, Inkatha

placably opposed to.
the constitutic plan.

Unhappy: memories of
the Cato Manor riots and
the plight of Indians: in
Africa generally make this
a compelling equation
against ispleasing
Inkatha.

‘The. Inkatha Factor will
also be felt by the coloured
Labour Party when it
meets in January to decide
its policy on the new dis-
pensation. Its congress will
be in Eshowe, right in the
heartland of Zulu territory.

that in consultations with
the Indian politicians the
Government is adopting a
take-it-or-leave-it line.
‘There appears to be a will-
ingness to go ahead without
the Indians, who, if they
plump for non-participa-

ion, would be left to make
do with the current SA
Indian Council as their poli-
tical vehicle.

But, so far, government
sources categorise the pro-
cess as “still'on track” and
have a timetable worked
out for the implementation



SOUTH AFRICA

NUM REJECT CHAMBER OF MINES UNION RECOGNITION CRITERIA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 7 Dec 82 p 2

{Article by Steven Friedman]

[Text]

THE Chamber of Mines’ criteria for
recognising unions has been rejected by
the recently formed National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM).

The decision could herald conflict between
the union and the chamber.

The union has called on the chamber to re-
negotiate these criteria with it “and not to
dictate its terms to the union”.

And it implies it will begin asking the”

chamber for recognition on some mines soon.

This is one of several key resolutions adopt-
ed by NUM at its inaugural conference in
Klerksdorp at the weekend, which was atten-
ded by well over 1500 workers. The 14 000-
member union, which belongs to the Council
of Unions of SA, yesterday released full de-
tails of decisions taken at the meeting.

In a statement it reveals that miners from’
four Free State mines, and three miners each
from the Westonaria, Orkney, and Carleton-
ville areas, attended the meeting.

Yesterday the Rand Daily Mail reported
that the meeting had rejected Government
registration and refused to join an industrial
council, had refused to join a new group of
mine unions, and had called for the scrapping
of job reservation on the mines.

NUM has also decided not to establish links
with other mine unions until it has established
itself. .

Mine Managements Warned

The chamber is expected to meet within
the next few days to formulate its view on this
and other key labour relations issues facing
the mines.

According to NUM the chamber has decid-
ed unions will gain recognition based on the-
number of members they have in a particular
job category and will Be recognised for cate-
gories where they have a large membership.

only.

The union says conflict could arise if it is
able. to bargain for one section of the work-
force on a particular mine but not for other
union members.

In its resolution it says the “mining bosses”
should recognise representative unions in
order to “maintain industrial‘ peace”.

It says it is “convinced that it is representa-
tive on a number of mines and therefore has a
Tight to represent its members”.

"NUM says it believes recognition criteria
“set by the chamber along job categories is
designed to divide the workers and weaken
the representativeness of the union” and that
the criteria are “a recipe for industrial
conflict”:

It calls on the chamber to re-negotiate the
guidelines and instructs its national execu-
tive committee to begin these negotiations
with the chamber. .

THE National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM) has ac-
cused mine managements of
“victimising and intimidat-
ing workers who are joinin;
our union” and warned it will
take action against them.

It also accused some mine
employers of “blatantly un-
fair labour practices”.

These charges are con-
tained in resolutions adopted
by the NUM at its inaugural
conference at the weekend.

ABout two months ago the
Chamber of Mines granted

cso: 3400/440

the NUM access to mine
Property to recruit workers.
jut it was left to individual
concerns to decide what
facilities they would grant.
NUM leaders claim that, in
some groups which have giv-
en it the go-ahead to recruit
freely, various hostel manag-
ers are nevertheless taking a
tough line with the union.

1 union “notes with con-
cern” that “mine manage-
ments are interfering in the
organising of our union” and
are “victimising” members.

It condemns those man-
agements and vows it will

96

“institute action” against
them.

NUM says in another reso-
lution that “unfair labour
practices” on the mines are
“a serious threat to industrial

ace” and vows to “relent-

lessly fight those bosses who
commit (them) until workers
are treated with respect”.

In a resolution on the new
confederation of mine unions
and associations, which it has
decided against joining,
NUM calls on all those mine
unions “who believe in non-
racial collective bargaining
to resign” from it.



people about their membership of the Inkhata movement, Chief Buthelezi said

he could not understand the motivation behind such action, which he considered
to be very provocative. In his letter to the commissioner-general, Chief
Buthelezi said that unless his government obtained a satisfactory reply from the
SADF, it might be forced to withdraw its representation on the Rumpff
Commission of inquiry into the Ingwavuma land deal. A defense force spokesman
has confirmed in Pretoria that the complaints have been received, and that the
defense force is investigating. [Text] [MB171530 Johannesburg Domestic Service
in English 1115 GMT 17 Dec 82]

ANC DEFECTOR KILLING CONDEMNED--The South. African Council of Churches [SACC] has
condemned the killing of ANC defector, Bartholomew Hlapane. In a statement today,
General Secretary Desmond Tutu says the SACC has.consistently expressed its
opposition to all forms of violence and also its abhorrence of detention without
trial. In his words, the SACC calls for the removal of the unjust conditions
which are the result of apartheid, which makes such horrible deeds possible.

The statement also urges Law and Order Minister Louis le Grange to charge or
release detained members of the Afrikaner Weerstanbeweging. [Text] [MB201609
Umtata Capital Radio in English 1200 GMI 20 Dec 82]

SQUATTERS' LEGAL STATUS QUESTIONED--The government has been urged to act on
the Crossroads issue. The Progressive Federal Party spokesperson on black
affairs in the Western Cape, Ken Andrew, has sent a telegram to Cooperation
and Development Minister Piet Koorhnot. ‘Ihe telegram refers to a number of
serious problems which have developed at Crossroads. Andrew has urged the
minister to instruct that Crossroads and Nyanga squatters are given a stamp
to indicate their current legal status. The rights of the squatters to be in
the Western Cape has been under consideration for nearly a year. [Text]
[MB141849 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1800 GMT 14 Dec 82]

OIL SUPPLY CUTS ANNOUNCED--The government has announced further cuts in the
supply of petrol and diesel, with immediate effects. The government spokes-
man said arrangements are being introduced as a result of damage to supply
tanks in Beira, which occurred on 9 December. The spokesman said the pipe~
line was not damaged, and therefore the measures [words indistinct] are
temporary. He said the Zimbabwe and Mozambican Governments are doing all
they can to restore the situation to normal. The public has been asked to
cooperate in this exercise. [Text] [MB161822 Harare Domestic Service in
English 1745 GMT 16 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/455

112



SENEGAL

PAI HOLDS THIRD CONGRESS, PRESIDENT HOLDS PRESS CONFERENCE
Diop's Comments During Congress
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 6 Dec 82 p 6

[Article by Momar Seyni Ndiaye: "Third PAI Congress. Presidential Election:
Majhmout Diop As Candidate"]

[Excerpts] Yesterday, at the Guediawaye community center, the African Inde-
pendence Party (PAI) held the third congress of its 25-year history. Actual-
ly, this meeting sanctioned a week of festivities marking the 25th anniversary
of the creation of that Marxist-Leninist party.

Following those of 1962 and 1977, that congress "had become mandatory in view
of the situation prevailing now, on the eve of the February 1983 elections."
But, Mr Majhemout Diop [PAI chairman] hastened to add, "of course, this does
not mean that it will be a nominating congress that will merely prepare lists
of candidates or even define a strategy and tactics for election-campaign
alliances." According to him, "it is a partial technical assessment" center-
ing on three points. First, the results of the party's efforts to achieve
united election efforts with opposition formations; then, the state of the
party organization; and finally, its financial situation.

Although these are acute problems, the PAI must take a stand in view of the
present international situation. After drawing the world's attention to. the
threat of a nuclear war, Mr Majhemout Diop indicated that "it is the heavy
responsibility of the forces of peace and progress to decrease tension, pro-
mote cooperation, detente and peace among the people and the nations." In
this world-crisis context, Mr Diop noted that "since the great socialist
October Revolution, the struggles to bring about the triumph of the new so-
cialist society, the anticapitalistic struggles of the working classes, tke
national liberation struggles have kept expanding."

Assessing the country's situation, the PAI chairman pointed out that "agri-
culture, industry and trade are experiencing increasing difficulties and our
foreign debt and the deficit of our balance of trade are worsening. Workers,
farmers, livestock farmers, fishermen find themselves in an alarming situa-
tion." Therefore, it is time to "get rid of chaos and the crisis, domination

59



But the damage goes much further. The most startling aspect of the founda’
tion's findings is its disclosure of the extent to which the United Nations
agencies have become fronts for direct involvement in the military activities
of the Marxist movements. Thus, the United Nations' Institute for Namibia
in Lusaka, and the Namibian Health and Education Center in Luanda, are being
used to train SWAPO terrorist fighters. United Nations refugee centers in
Botswana and Lesotho are being used to recruit terrorists for training in
Eastern Europe.

The record is totally damning. It is, says the Heritage Foundation, time to
act. At stake are not only the credibility of the United Nations--which is
utterly destroyed--but the vital interests of the West.

cso: 3400/455

65



CSO:

Finally, although it cannot merely be stated that Angola is fast be-
coming a Cuban and Soviet Vietnam, the material and psychological ef-
fects of a continued involvement are sure to elicit a negative internal and
external counter-reaction in the long-term. Whether this is to be the result
of public opinion in Cuba, or an increased resistance among the Angolan
population to the permanent presence of Soviet and Cuban citizens, it
could induce the Soviet Union and Cuba to reconsider the nature and
scope of their involvement.

In conclusion it can be stated that regional instability in Southern
Africa has been greatly enhanced since 1975 by the arrival in Angola of
Cuban proxies of the Soviet Union. Irrespective of motivations and justi-
fications of this presence, it has been instrumental in further destabilizing
existing regional conflict. Rather than contributing to the peaceful settle-
ment of disputes as has been purported. the Soviet-Cuban involvement in
Angola has had exactly the opposite effect.

3400/453

10



SOUTH AFRICA

DURBAN BUS APARTHEID CAN'T BE DEFENDED, SAYS MAYOR

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Dec 82 p 15

{Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text]

DURBAN. — The May-
or of Durban, Mrs Sybil
Hotz, yesterday express-
ed bitter disappointment
at the decision by -the

“Local Road Transporta-

tion Board to. turn down
an application by the city
to desegregate bus ser-
‘vices on some routes.

The decision was made
known to the Durban
Transport’ Management
Board on Wednesday
evening. No reasons were
Biveme i.

"The decision was made
known’ to the Durban:
Transport _ Management
Board) on Wednesday
evening. No reasons were.

apart from the financial
implications the decision
could not be defended on
She said it was:one of -
those things the city could .
never justify to the many
diplomats and’ overseas
people who visited Dur-

inamciallyy slew} aloue; the’
decision wa’ indefensible.
White buses were running
empty and were costing
ratepayers a staggering

“amount

She pointed out that

 Durban’s bus service had

been running at a loss for
years.
Mrs Hotz said it had

cso: 3400/440

93

bee hoped that desegre-
gating some routes and
letting non-Whites use all
buses would greatly im-
prove the financial situa-
tion.

The general manager of
the: Durban: ‘Transport*

mt Board, Mr
Marshall. Cuthbert, said
yesterday he was also
very disappointed at the:
decision. The next move
would be to appeal to the
National Transport Com-
mission, he said.

The president of the
Durban Chamber of
Commerce, Mr Jeremy
Whysall, also strongly.
ctiticised the decision.

He said it was obvious a
multiracial service would
be more” profitable. It
made sense that in areas
such as ‘Darban North
domestic workers travel-
ling to the area should be
able to fill buses while
White commuters would
fill them agaiii ‘travelling
to work in the city.

‘The decision was hailed
by members of the Con-
servative Party and the
White Rhino Club.’

Both organisations, to-
gether with the South
Africa First Campaign
and a minister of the
Christian Conservative
Church, opposed the ap-
plication by the Durban
Transport Management
Board.


CHAD

CONDITIONS PROMOTING VICTORY OF HISSEIN HABRE NOTED
Dakar AFRICA in French No 144, Oct 82 pp 26-29
[Article by reporter Jean-Pierre Challard: "Chad: "Hissein Habré's Luck"

[Excerpts] When the Libyan troops, with an impressive deployment of highly
Sophisticated equipment strengthened by technicians and combatants of various
origins, invaded Chad in 1980, nobody thought much of Hissein Habré and his
Northern Armed Forces (FAN).

Swamping the combat zones with a deluge of rockets, shells, and bombs, but
avoiding hand-to-hand confrontation, the Libyan legion summoned by Goukouni
Queddei took control of the Chadian territory as a whole, establishing huge
war arsenals in several places. Only the South, where Col Abdelkader
Kamougué had made a tactical agreement by entering the GUNT [Transitional
National Union Government], escaped the steam roller.

Less than 2 years later, that same Hissein Habré who came unharmed out of his

retreat in Biltine, practically backed up against the Sudanese border, recon—

quered the main urban complexes deserted by Mu'ammar Qadhdhafi's expeditionary
corps as if he were playing a game of nine-pins, and surrounded Ndjamena on

7 June 1982, almost without a blow's being struck.

At Abéché, recalls one of the first combatants to be involved, the FAN men
discovered an arsenal that was beyond imagining for them, which could have
supplied their troops for a good year. To Oueddei's great prejudice, the
3,275 men of the InterAfrican Force did not cut off the FAN advance, and even
evacuated certain strategic positions that the guerillas plucked like ripe
fruit.

In a corner of the Abéché airport, in the Ouaddai administrative district, the
prefect, Tougou Djimé, a former combatant himself, showed us an intact storage
tank. "The Libyans left us a bit of diesel oil in their retreat!" he recalled.
They also left behind a light armored car in flames, at the bend in the road,
hit by a rocket fired by the guerillas during their attack, a vehicle since
covered over by sand.

In reality, confided the officers who were present at this epic event, the
CCFAN [Northern Armed Forces Command Council] had thought up its offensive
without suspecting for one second that Colonel Qadhdhafi was going to with—
draw his troops, under the joint command of GUNT and the OAU. A first stroke

15



MAURITIUS

C OF C MISSION DISCUSSED
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 4 Nov 82 pp 1, 8

[Text] "We are proceeding boldly, without preconceptions
and without illusions." These were the remarks that

Mr Benoit Arouff, president of the Chamber of Commerce and
Industry [CCI], made during a press conference yesterday
about the mission to the Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia,
Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, Dubai ‘and Bahrain) that a 13-member
delegation from the private sector will undertake, The
mission, which will leave Mauritius on 21 November, will
have official status, as the government has decided that
our ambassador to Egypt will accompany it.

Speaking of the mission's objective, which is to identify markets for Mauritian
products in the countries to be visited, Mr Arouff feels that there is hope of
establishing beneficial contacts with Arab businessmen. The Chambers of Commerce
in the countries involved have been informed of the mission's arrival in order
to prepare the way for the discussions to take place on location with potential
customers. Sponsored by the United Nations through the ECA, the mission will
benefit from the support of an Arabic translator whose services have been
donated by the United Nations. However, the mission had already made its own
preparations by including in the delegation a member who speaks Arabic

fluently.

Mr Arouff stated that the CCI has taken steps to establish a communications net-
work between Mauritius and the Gulf countries. Airlines and shipping companies
have been approached about operating new service. One of these companies said
that it was prepared to do so as soon as orders were received. As for air
transportation, let us point out that Air France provides two flights between
Reunion and Jidda every week, while British Airways already serves Bahrein.

According to the president of the CCI, there are good possibilities of finding
markets for a wide range of Mauritian products, including furniture, textiles,
watches, flowers, fruit, gloves and sugar among others. Unfortunately, the
mission does not cover all sectors of production, but as head of the delegation,
Mr Arouff has asked interested companies to send samples with the required
specifications. However, he deplored the fact that the tea and poultry companies
did not feel it worthwhile to be represented among the delegation, as the Gulf
countries represent a potential market for these products.

44



ing on behalf of Chubb.
Lock and Safe were its
managing director, Mr
Peter Jephson, and.
works director, Mr Dav-
id ‘Firth. A translator
was also at the meet

Bischoff-Heerum said
it would cost Ri mil
lion for know-how and

expertise. The totat
cost of the test reports
submitted for its ten-
der was R400 000. .

Chubb, said it was
not prepared to pay”
the price and turned it
down. Is

‘The. original draw-
ings submitted by
Chubb were designed
by its advisers on the
contract, Von Gruting
and Partners, Pretoria-
‘based structural consul-
tants.

New drawings were
then apparently ob-
tained from a foreign-
based company, EBD,
which is -associated
with, Von Gruting and
Partners on’ certain
projects and operates
from its offices and
telephone number in
Pretoria. EBD also hap-
pens to be a consultant
to Escom.

QUESTIONS

The unfolding of
events up to this stage
poses three awkward
questions:

@ Did Chubb seek*
assistance from
Bischoff-Heerum ‘when

cso: 3400/440

if” got “the contract

after previously rejec
ing their offer of sul
mitting a joint tender?

@ Was it correct for
firms so elosely asso-
ciated to act as consul-
tants to both parties —
Escom and) Chubb —
on' the same contract? ©

@ Did Escom accept
a tender ‘from ‘Chubb
which was . incomplete
in that it did not com-
ply with the criteria?

Tests. were finally
carried out on the equip-
ment made by Chubb
from the designs. They
were carried out on
November: 11 in Pre-
toria by’ Commandant
M A M “Chuck” Cham-
bers: in the presence of
a CSIR official.

‘The CSIR official has
confirmed to The Star
that he was present at
the tests..

FAILED

According to. sources
connected to the. test-
ing ‘bodies, the equip-
ment failed to pass the
tests. .

Mr Dirk Ackerman,
managing ‘director, of
Chubb Holdings, said
the company. was
proceeding with the
contract to deliver the
equipment. .

Mr Peter Jephson.
managing’ director of
Chubb Lock and Safe,

89

said: “It “is not -our
policy to discuss any-
thing with third parties
which concern matters
between ourselves and
clients.” .

He added: “Heerum
approached us after we
were awarded the con-
tract, indicating its
willingness to offer u:

“The meeting at’ the
Burgers Park Hotel was
only to do with small
aspects .of the : work
‘and’ had‘ nothing to do
with concepts.”

Mr Hersacher could
not be contacted in
West Germany but, a
local representative of
Bischoff-Heerum said

Chubb had sought sub-
stantial assistance.

+ DENIAL.

Mr E du_ Plessis,
head of _ public. rela-
tions, Escom, said it
was not true that the
Chubb tender was _not
to specifications. “The
Escom. tender board
awarded the tender to
Chubb because econo-
mically it was. con-
sidered the most
favourable,” he said. .

He said Escom accen-
ted that EBD might
have ceftain - business
telations with Von Gru-
ting and Partners. “Es-
com is not, however,
aware that EBD is act-
ing for any tenderers
or contractors in this
matter.”.



The repayment of this collective loan will take place over a period of 7 years,
dating from the completion of each segment of the work. The completion of the
right of way should take place in 5 years, and the credits will be released as
the work progresses. Thus, according to the present schedule, the first
repayment for the first portion drawn under the loan will take place on 30
June 1985. The second repayment will be on 30 June 1988.

This vote of confidence in the political stability of Gabon and in the economic
future of the country is the sweetest revenge which President Omar Bongo could
take against the World Bank which, in 1970, refused to finance the Gabonese
railroad. This is the second portion of revenge, in reality, following on

the inauguration of the Libreville-Ndjole segment of the railroad, which in
1981 transported nearly 100,000 passengers and more than 320,000 tons of
freight, including the precious okoume wood.

5170
csO: 3419/272

27



At Kwamouth, several tens of makeshift boats, boat people who were mainly
small traders. with a mass of bundles, mattresses, animals, women and children,
were patiently waiting for the end of their quarantine. Considering the
value of our copper and cobalt shipment, we had priority.

We should have arrived in Kinshasa the next morning since the big river is
navigable at night. But after a few hours of navigation, we were surprised to
see the Nkoye turn back: M'Bokolo explained to us that our successive delays
had caused him to miss the appointment he had made a long time ago with Con-
golese smugglers: "Over there, cassava and corn sell for more than here. They
export it all the way to Gabon. Also, they pay you in a franc-zone currency
which is convertible. We gain again when we exchange it, on the black market.
You don't think I am going to miss that!" Of course not.

Finally, M'Bokolo found his Congolese. They exchanged brief light signals.
A long covered rowboat, a "whaling boat," came alongside. About 10 men and
women came on board. After a long exchange of compliments, they negotiated
the sales price and transshipped several hundred bags. A small fortune
hidden under loincloths changed hands.

After all, we came alongside in Kinshasa the next evening, and could consider
ourselves fortunate to have covered the 800 km of the river trip in 10 days.

The copper was not to be unloaded until the next day, Monday. Here, passengers
and goods going on to Matadi and the high sea must take the train again since
the rapids which close the Malebo pool prevent boats from going through.

We reached Matadi after a single day.

We were in time to greet the captain of a British cargo ship which was leaving
empty. The copper it had come to load had not arrived on time.

9294
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127



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

REDUCED HUMANITARIAN ACTIVITY--Several incidents in Huambo Province have
forced humanitarian organizations to reduce activities in the province. The
Bombe Alto Orthopedic Center (Huambo), which makes protheses for the handi-
capped, was materially damaged in July and the Center's door destroyed by
grenades. In addition, the Red Cross office in Catchungo, 10 kilometers from
Huambo, was visited on 25 September following a night attack. Humanitarian
organizations had to cut down on activities in Plan Alto (Huambo) and the
Red Cross, forced to cancel distribution of seed before the rainy season,
fears that the months of December, January and February will be difficult for
the people. According to well-informed sources, the roads are unsafe south
of Huambo and UNITA troops reportedly have invaded several villages. [Text]
[Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French No 56, No 82 p 20] 11,464

DEFENSE EFFORTS--The Angolan defense minister, Colonel Maria Tonha Pedale, has
asked cadres to make the necessary efforts in order to guarantee the defense

of our territorial integrity against the invading troops of the Pretoria regime.
Colonel Maria Tonha Pedale was speaking at the closing ceremony of the first
course of cadres in the air force which took place in the province of Uije.
Maria Tonha Pedale said that it is necessary to defend our revolution in order
to overcome the present situation in the country. He said that the imperialist
countries are continuing their arms race ‘and the policy of provocation.

[Text] [AB201240 Luanda Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 20 Dec 82]

cso: 3400/473

1



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

AGREEMENT WITH VENEZUELA--NIGERIA and Venezuela have initialled an agreement
for the exchange of crude oil, an official of the Nigerian National Petroleum
Corporation (NNPC) confirmed in Lagos yesterday. Ogbuefi Alex Nwokedi, NNPC
public affairs manager, told the News Agency of Nigeria that the agreement
which was initialled last week involves the exchange of 20,000 barrels of
crude oil. Nigeria will exchange 20,000 barrels of her light crude for 20,000
barrels of Venezuela's medium grade. The NNPC official further stated that
an agreement to finalise the oil swop will be signed soon. Nigeria is expec-
ted to use her share in the deal in the Kaduna oil refinery. [Text] [Lagos
DAILY TIMES in English 26 Nov 82 p 1]

GREEK SHIP DETAINED~-A GREEK ship "Hellenic Navigator"--is being detained at
the Tin Can Island Port in Lagos. The ship, allegedly carrying a consignment
of ammunition, is being watched by the Nigeria Ports Authority (NPA). It was
supposed to carry animal feed and soya beans and had sailed to Nigeria from
the United States of America. An NPA source disclosed that the ammunition
consignment was hidden in a container labelled "electronic Hand-tool". The
source revealed that the secret blew open when some robbers pounced on work-
ers removing the containers to a shed. A container was jagged open and some
arms fell out. The robbers allegedly stole some and vanished into the la-
goon. Confirming the story, the Customs public relations at the Tin Can
Island, Mr. Stephen Ajiduah, said the police has been informed. [Text]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 3 Dec 82 p 40]

COAL INDUSTRY REVAMPING--PLANS are underway to revamp the Nigerian Coal In-
dustry by the Federal Government. To this end, contracts have been awarded
by the Board of the Nigerian Coal Corporation to carry out feasibility stud-
ies to prove coal reserves in various parts of the country. The General
Manager of the corporation, Mr F N Ugwu announced this recently at Kaltungo,
Bauchi State when he paid a courtesy call on the traditional ruler of the
area, Chief Alhaji Ibrahim Omar who is also a director of the corporation.
Mr Ugwu who was on a three-day tour of Coal locations in Bauchi State with a
team of senior officials of the corporation said that the Federal Government
has decided to revamp the coal mining industry in the country with plans to
establish coal-fired power stations so taht the energy requirement of the na-
tion would cope with hte present growth of the national economy. [Excerpt]
[Enugu DAILY STAR in English 29 Nov 82 p 13]

55



During these untimely stops, we could pay visits to friends of the railroad
workers or spend small fortunes on skinny chickens which are called "bicycle
chickens" because you still have to race them in village backstreets before
they really belong to you.

Here, we lost half a day, the time needed to repair a brake block. The damaged
part was straightened out with a hammer, without being heated. Further on, the
train stopped for a whole night: like most lines in Africa, this is a single
track line; traffic safety is ensured by means of an electric token: the con-
ductor may leave a station only after receiving this token as a guarantee that
the track is free. That night, the block system did not work. It was restored
only in the morning. Elsewhere, we stopped again for several hours for reasons
that were just as petty: a team headed by a Belgian cooperation agent was re-
pairing the track. . A thunderstorm had drowned the engine of the saw. The
Belgian did not even have a screwdriver to fix it.

There were other delays which were caused by the sorry state in which the
Zairian society finds itself. Here, protesters had pushed a tree trunk across
the track... At Kananga, the region head thought it advisable to detain us half
a.day, time enough to keep us clear from a troop transport train that was pre-
ceding us.

We used the time to visit the town, the second in Zaire with one million inhab-
itants. Very politely, the museum attendant offered us some of the best spe-
cimens of his establishment. At the Grand Hotel bar, a colonel invited us for
a beer.

When a Zairian soldier offers you a beer, you must know that you will have to
pay for it. Especially if you decline to buy the precious stones he is offer-
ing you at a discount.

On the whole, we could not complain. In eight days, we experienced the diffi-
culties encountered by SNCZ in ensuring a service that is vital to the coun-
try's economy. After that, we looked forward to the cruise on the river, all
the way to Kinshasa, as to a reward.

Travellers in the express train which we had left in Likasi had been camping
at the gate for four days. The mail boat had not arrived. It was not expec—
ted for another two weeks or so, and its potential passengers had transformed
the potholed street leading to the port into a sort of caravansary for disas-
ter victims. They had settled as close as possible to the entrance so as to
embark as quickly as possible on this boat which, officially, was built for
300, although it will carry up to 3,000 passengers, 2,700 of whom as semi-
stowaways...

We had imagined Ilebo like a large port opening on the high sea. It is a major
bottleneck on the copper toad, Its five puffing cranes cannot manage to load
all the ingots which, in spite of SNCZ's shortcomings, pile up on the quays.
Add to this the inadequacy of the river fleet: that day, only two barges were
being loaded.

124



FOREIGN EXCHANGE LOSS--SOUTH Africa is losing upwards of R100-million a year
in foreign exchange because of the unwarranted and exorbitant fees levied by
some of the country's forward agents. This is the contention of Richard
Goodman, managing director of Marketing Traffic Management (MTM), a firm
which offers its services to importing companies with the express intention
of preventing such exploitation. Mr Goodman claims that over the past nine
months his organisation has been instrumental in recovering more than Rl-
million for his clients in terms of overpayments made to forwarders, who,
says Mr Goodman, more often than not remit their fees to holding companies
abroad. He contends that, because of the nebulous nature of the forwarding
business (the importing companies are seldom familiar with the make-up of the
costs of bringing their goods into South Africa), few importers are aware of
the extent to which they are being "ripped off" by certain forwarding agents.
Mr Goodman has put together a high-powered team, many of whom have worked
with forwarding companies and who are therefore familiar with the manner in
which forwarding charges are compiled. His company also has an affiliate in
the United States, which assists MTM in tracing the fees levied on the pas-
sage of goods through the US on their way to South Africa. He also retains
foreign-exchange experts, "since it frequently happens that over-charges are
disguised by the forwarding company explaining exorbitant fees away via ex-
change rate fluctuations". MRM is currently completing an agreement for sig-
nature by the forwarder and the importing company in order, says Mr Goodman,
to place the liability where it belongs". He comments: "At present, the
vast majority of agreements between forwarders and importers are so one-sided
in favour of the forwarder as to be laughable. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY
TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 Nov 82 p 7]

HELICOPTER OPERATORS MERGE--SOUTH Africa's two largest commercial helicopter
operators, Court and Republic, have pooled resources and are operating na-
tionally under the name Court Republic Helicopters. "Our combined operations
represent nearly 90% of commercial helicopter operations in South Africa--
from ship-servicing from Cape Town and Durban to inland geological-survey
work and radio broadcasting," says joint chief executive Vin van Buuren. The
tie-up, he says, will create a countrywide service operating from Johannes-
burg, Durban, Mossel Bay, Richards Bay and Cape Town. The combined resources
include 20 helicopters, 29 pilots and 33 support and administrative staff.
Shareholders include Murray & Roberts and a syndicate formed by the Van Zyl
family for Court, while the Republic interests are held by the Nash family
from Johannesburg. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in Eng-
lish 28 Nov 82 p 16]

RENAULT SA SALES--THE newly formed Renault Africa is bucking national car
sales trends with higher sales figures. Despite overall new-car sales in
October dropping by 8,5% from the previous month, Renault's total vehicle
sales showed an increase of 6%. "Renault's positive trend against the gen-
eral downtrend in the car market augurs well for our new company, now com-
mitted to a local investment programme of R42-million over the next two or
three years," says marketing director Mossie Mostert. Renault's 604 unit
sales gives the company a 3% market share. Mr Mostert is confident that
sales will increase significantly in the months to come for three good rea-
sons. Mr Mostert says these are: continued strengthening of Renault's

108



group was illegal in terms of its own rules. "Despite the SAAAU's efforts to
bring about a change in athletics and to normalise the sport, all efforts to
regain membership were fruitless," he said. "The IAAF even turned down a re-
quest to send a fact-finding mission to South Africa to investigate matters
here." In athletics all South Africans competed on merit, he said. Accord-
ing to any norm the country should be reinstated to full membership. The
SAAAU is asking the city council for a grant of R1000 towards legal fees.

The council's management committee was told this week that the union had re-
serves of nearly R200 000 and made a R110 000 profit last year. Its running
expenses were R157 000. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Nov
82 p 68]

CIVIL ENGINEERING LABOR DEAL--FOR the first time, all 125 000 workers in the
civil engineering industry throughout the country--except black "homelands"
--are protected by a wage order which lays down legally-binding standards for
their work conditions. And labourers in the "white" rural areas, who have
never before been covered by minimum wage regulations, enjoy this protection
for the first time. They now cannot be paid less than 55c an hour. This
follows a Government wage order which extends standards covering hours of
work, overtime, sick pay and other conditions for civil engineering workers
in most "white" areas to several rural areas for the first time. The order
was introduced at the request of the industry's employer association, the SA
Federation of Civil Engineering Contractors (Safcec). In a statement, Saf-
cec welcomed the order and said it meant that "the industry is ahead of many
others where industrial council agreements or other wage measures apply only
in certain areas and by far the greater part of the country is not covered."
Its director, Mr Kees Lagaay, said yesterday it was difficult to estimate how
many workers would enjoy statutory protection for the first time as a result
of the order but suggested it could be in the region of 25%. Safcec concedes
the 55c minimum pay for labourers--who are the only workers in the rural
areas covered by the new order who now enjoy minimum wage protection-- was
"moderate". But Mr Lagaay said it was the industry's practice to introduce
low minimum rates in areas where wage orders had just been introduced and
then to start raising minimum pay. He said some employers in these areas
already paid more than the minimum, but some did pay less. In the four main
industrial areas--the Witwatersrand, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban--
the minimum rate for labourers is R1,0l1 an hour. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND
DAILY MAIL in English 2 Dec 82 p 2]

UIF MONEY RESTRICTION-~THE Government's plan to use R2-million of Unemploy-
ment Insurance Fund money to help motor workers who do not want to take part
in strikes, which sparked a major row earlier this year, may never be imple-
mented. This emerged from a telephone interview with the Director-General of
Manpower, Dr Piet van der Merwe, yesterday, in which he said the money would
be used "only if a similar situation to this year's Eastern Cape motor indus-
try strikes arises again". And even then, he said, the authorities would
only use the money if they failed in attempts to have non-strikers placed in
jobs. After the scheme was announced, official sources said the Department
of Manpower was expected to begin devising rules for implementing the scheme.
But Dr Van der Merwe said yesterday no rules would be devised. The Minister
of Manpower, Mr Fanie Botha, announced earlier this year that the Unemploy-
ment Insurance Board had decided to set aside R2-million for motor workers

110



Unions To Meet on Scrapping of Registration
(Jentje Knuppe; THE CITIZEN, 11 Dec 82)..........

SAAN, Argus Reach New Staff Pay Agreement
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Dec 82)

Government's Income Restraint Policy Examined

(Howard Preece; RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Dec 82)..........

Mystery Seen Surrounding Big Escom Contract
(Mervyn Harris; THE STAR, 8 Dec 82)........eeeeee

Timing, Impact of PC's Second Report Noted
(Ivor Wilkins; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Nov 82)........+.

Durban Bus Apartheid Can't Be Defended, Says Mayor
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 10 Dec 82)......0sseeee

Military 'Exercises' Seen as Factor in Border Strife
(Don Marshall; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Dec 82)........

Hundreds of Legal Residents of Crossroads Left Homeless

(THE CITIZEN, 10 Dec 82)...

NUM Reject Chamber of Mines Union Recognition Criteria
(Steven Friedman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 7 Dec 82).....

Huge Expansion for Leading Steel Company Planned
(Julian Kraft; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 28 Nov 82)...

Anger Expressed Over SA's Low Productivity
(Vera Beljakova; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES,

28 Nov 82)....+.--00

Analysts Baffled by Record Share Prices
(Elizabeth Rouse; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES,

28 Nov 82)....++.-44.

PFP Leader Criticizes New Government Paper for Coloreds
(Jean Le May; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 19 Dec 82).........

MWU Plans United White Front

(Steven Friendman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Dec 82)....

Future Depends on White-Black Interdependence
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 14 Dec 82).......

Cartoon Derides Pass Laws
(THE STAR, 27 Nov 82)

83

85

86

88

90

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

102

103

105



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© There will be no escaping”
a great deal of pain and suf-
fering whatever policy mix
is decided on.

Inflation cannot be conse-
quentially reduced without
some severe accompanying
a ncomes Dolley migh

mes policy might
alleviate the situation, it
cannot do away with it.
sand petra il he pl
com and petrol poli-
cy be applied?

Public servants are going

to find themselves facing a

Money
10% — that is, well below
the present inflation rate —
may be the norm. -

It looks, however, as.
though the 15%: rise in rail.
tariffs is to go abead as an-’
nounced last month.

month...
But ‘other"State“corpora-
tions; such as Iscor, will no
doubt be pressured by the
Cabinet. to keep price rises
next year down to the bare
minimum, even if it means
more to make up

for revenue shortfalls.

This is how Mr Botha ex-
plained the new approach.

“In its own sphere the
Government will . ..do all in
its power to apply a policy in
respect of. wages and sala-
ries and administered prices
whick would be consistent
with the demands of the eco-
nomic circumstances.

“It is realised that admin-
istered prices, both in the
public and private sectors,
can contribute towards
shoring up the inflation rate;
notwithstanding continued
monetary and fiscal
discipline. r

“It is unfortunately true

87

HIE
is
peice

ae
HEH 5

i
|

National Bank. ve

crm 08
‘They are not, however, go-
ing the whole journey. 171


During a long tour of the Great Island, he sensed the urgency of correcting
the situation. That is why, he explains, MONIMA (National Movement for the
Independence of Madagascar), which he founded in 1958, asked him in July to
run as its candidate. With the passing weeks, he has gotten caught up in the
process and today asserts that he would win if the election "weren't rigged."

His platform? To make a clean sweep: a new constitution, a provisional govern-
ment and the holding of "truly free" general elections. A party of peasant
solidarity and opposition to the central government, MONIMA manages to persuade
more by the force of its rejection than by the severity of its plan. Mr Monja
Jaona is not exactly the prototype of the modern statesman and the intellectuals
surrounding him are far from being a credible alternative administration.

On Sunday, nearly 5 million voters will put an end to an unequal duel. Is

it necessary to stress the striking disproportion of opposing financial and
political resources? One example: In order not to cast too much doubt on

the outcome of the election, the government has given the candidates the re-
sponsibility for distributing the ballots among the prefectures and the 11,000-odd
polling places, an enormous job in this compartmentalized country with poor
communications. Due to a lack of money and members, MONIMA "skipped" thousands
of isolated hamlets. "We have given firm instructions so that the election
will be legitimate," Interior Minister Ampy Portos assured. In response,

Mr Monja Jaona held up telegrams from his friends, listing cases of fraud and
intimidation: fouled ballots, reports written up in advance, orders to leading
rural residents to "make up" the results.

Five Against Two

Another imbalance, within the National Front for the Defense of the Revolution
(FNDR), the indispensable framework for any political action, the battle is
five against two. On one hand, there is AREMA (Vanguard of the Malagasy
Revolution), of which Mr Ratsiraka is the general secretary; the pro~Soviet
AKFM [Congress Party for Malagasy Independence], established mainly among the
middle class of the high plateaus; the radical and disciplined MFM (Militants
for the Establishment of a Proletarian Regime); the Vonjy, comprised of
supporters of the former regime; and UDECMA [Malagasy Christian Democratic
Union], a small christian-democrat group. All of them support the president.
MONIMA and its dissident branch, the VS-MONIMA [MONIMA Socialist Group], are
on the other side. They have received the support of "three candidates for
the nomination," who have been disqualified from the race by the High Constitu-
tional Court.*

By discreetly announcing in January 1982 that he would seek a second term of
office without being officially endorsed by the Front, Mr Ratsiraka laid the
field open to possible rivals. Only Mr Monja Jaona took up the gauntlet. The
president then pursued several goals: domestically, to consolidate his position
and strengthen its legitimacy at a time when the Great Island was beginning

*They are Gen Brechard Rajaonarison, Mr Zafy Albert and Mr Koto Robert. Their
candidacies were rejected because they were not submitted by any party, which
is contrary to the requirements of the constitution.

32



ZAIRE

COPPER MINES, RAILWAYS DISCUSSED
Dakar AFRICA in French No 144, Oct 82 pp 65-67
{Article by Christian Charles: "The Copper Route"; Part 1]

[Text] Kolwezi is only a drop point on the maps of the
chiefs of staff of the parachutists of the Foreign Legion.
But this point makes Zaire the world's sixth largest pro-
ducer of copper and its largest producer of cobalt. It
accounts for 70 percent of the foreign exchange earned by
the country with the largest territory and the largest
population in central Africa.

If it were only a question of mining the ore, the problem
would be technical, social, economic, financial, and rela~
tively simple. But the region's instability makes the
export of this wealth across Angola or South Africa very
precarious. And the anarchy reigning in the country makes
the obligatory use of the discontinuous, underequipped,
worn out Zairian national railways a real adventure. Our
special reporter, Christian Charles, describes it.

Engineer Mutoke, wearing a helmet, white blouse and black boots, warned me:
"Be careful when you get to the site. You could be flattened into a rug."

His advice was not out of place. As soon as one crosses the edge of Kolwezi
one is caught up in the mining installations: tunnel mining and strip min—
ing, gigantic steps carved into a soil marbled with stripes of mouse grey,
ocher red, pale green and candy pink for kilometers.

Looking down from the ridge of the cirque, the machines look like small
models, like toys. Standing in the middle of the arena one realizes that
the drivers of the Mack trucks rushing down the slopes are perched 4 meters
above the ground, that the tractors could overturn a six-story building,
and that the claws of the bulldozers easily scoop out half a truck load of
laterite. One cannot really expect the drivers to watch where they put
their wheels. They raise clouds of dust with the strong conviction that
they are the only ones working in this wretched country.

119


MILITARY 'EXERCISES' SEEN AS FACTOR IN BORDER STRIFE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by Don Marshall]

[Text]

cso:

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MILITARY manoeuvres in:
the Northern Transvaal dur-

ing the past six weeks. could
have contributed to the build-:
up of tension along South Af:
rica’s borders with: Mozam-!
bique and Zimbabwe,\
culminating last Friday in’
‘the abduction of a former’
Rhodesian’ policeman in an‘
Internationd) incident. near:
Beit Bridge.

At the weekend officials of
the South: African Depart-
ment of Foreign Affairs were;
still trying to negotiate the’
return of Corporal Stephen’
Mutasa, a former member of}
fhe British South Africa.

rae was seized by Zimbab-!
‘wean soldiers in civili

SADF officials said at the
weekend that Corporal Mu-
tasa, one of 17 former Zim-
‘babweans who have been giv-
en South .Arican status and
who are as’ full-time
soldiers in the SADF in the
Northern Transvaal, bed
crossed to South Africa ins
4980 whenNir Robert Mu-°
gabe’s Zano PE party was

tain that Corporal. Mutasai
was seized on the South: Afri-
can side of the Limpopo Riv-
er while conducting special
duties to combat the entry of

94

‘iNegal immigrants from
Zimbabwe into South Africa.

Zimbabwe Government
authorities have blamed
Zimbabwean vigilantes for
last _week’s abduction, but
SADF authorities said yes-
terday they were convinced
that the men who seized Cor-
poral Mutasa were members
of ite Zimbabwean Army.

\dier Minnaar Fourie,
Chiet of Staff, Northern
‘Transvaal Command, said)
this was partly because of the:
arms the men had been car-
rying and also because they
drove Cpl Mutasa straight to

Beit Bridge after forcing him

across the border.

“ There has been evidence of
a bailé-y of tension along.
the African-Zimbab-
wean Spotder since the SADF.
staged’ manoeuvres in the
area in recent weeks.

An exercise was held in the+
mo Transvaal

during

October.

A-second exercise was held
during late November +

“We used diplomatic chan
nels to inform the Zim!
-wean authorities of our tare
tions, as we always do before
‘exercises of this nature,”,
Brig Fourie said. :

Tie. Zimbabwean Army:
had responded by increasing
its ; presence in the Beit:
Brfage area t to more than 400°
men. .

SOUTH AFRICA



his course. "The president rarely makes decisions under pressure," one of his
associates noted. "He prefers to sidestep issues, like many Malagasy. More-
over, he is a lone wolf who trusts no one." Is that why he is one of the

best protected chiefs of state in the world (a soldier posted every 50 meters
along his route between the airport and the capital)?

Opposition of Churches

He responds to Mr Monja Jaona's grievances by largely pleading not guilty.
Using supporting figures and percentages, he has compiled a statistical report
of his 7-year term, listing the achievements of the "revolutionary government."
If he sometimes engages in self-criticism, humility is not one of his out-
standing virtues. He calls himself the "father of the nation," readily quotes
himself and talks about himself in the third person. The outline of the
"bunker," which he had built at Iavo Loham, not far from the capital, recalls
the architectural contours of the "Palace of the Queen," which proudly dominates
the capital. Should that be considered symbolic? And has he had no part

in the decay of the government, the disorder of political and administrative
responsibilities, a source of paralysis, the demobilization of the people?
Only one regret: "I.have come to power either 10 years too early or too late."

The revolutionary word has not forfeited its rights, however. The Malagasy
press talks about "ideological motivation," of the "work of building socialism"
and "generally positive" results. "I didn't promise you a socialist paradise
in 7 years," Mr Ratsiraka said in early October. "But when socialist countries
have achieved their goal, their peoples know happiness." Customs of speaking
die hard.

In these uncertain times, Malagasy churches appear to be the only force for
thought and protest. They have spoken out several times in the past year.

In November 1981, the Episcopal Conference expressed "the discouragement and
despair" of the country and "regretted the absence of real communication be-
tween the government and the people." At the close of their Antsirabe congress
in August, the hierarchies of the four christian churches* issued an assessment
of the Malagasy crisis. "Poverty is rapidly increasing," the resolutions

of the congress affirmed. "There is a threat of famine, corruption has spread
everywhere and national unity has been shaken. Antichristian ideologies are
the subject of quasi-official apologies. What some people call the class
struggle has caused a general confusion of minds. In the face of these mis-
fortunes, the church is ready to assume its responsibilities." This latent
opposition of the churches, in a country in which one out of every two in-
habitants is christian, only reflects the feelings of a population that has
hardly received any of the dividends of socialism.

*Catholic, Episcopal, Lutheran and Church of Jesus Christ.

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