UPRO- SOA-BS-UZF
22 March 1985

SOMALIA

BRIEFS

CHINESE COOPERATION--Co-operation between Somalia and China is in good shape.
A new agricultural development project has just been launched with Chinese
aid in the Baidoa region, 250 kilometres west of Mogadishu. Some 45 agricul-
tural buildings with a total area of 7,000 square metres are to be con-
structed in the centre of the region by the Jiangsu international economic and
technical co-operation enterprise. 1.0.N.--An impressive number of Chinese
aid workers are currently to be found in Somalia. Several schemes are in the
course of preparation following the economic co-operation agreement signed in
Peking during a visit there last December by Somalia's foreign minister. This
agreement comprised in particular the granting of an interest-free loan and
2,000 tonnes of maize to Mogadishu. Work carried out by the Chinese in
Somalia include the laying of the 1,000 kilometre highway between Belet-Huen
and Burao, and the building of the national theatre, the Banadir hospital

and a stadium in Mogadishu. [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9
Feb 85 p 8]

cso: 3400/688

55



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

COMOROS

REGIONS PROTEST CABINET LINE-UP
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Feb 85 p 4

|

| (Text] The population of the island of Mohéli protested this week at the
make-up of the new Comorian government, in which the only representative
|

of their island is a delegate to the interior minister, Ali HASSANALY. In
addition to a spate of telegrams from the islanders to president Ahmed
ABDALLAH, Mohéli's governor, Mr MATOIRI, said that a Mohelian should have
been given one of the four powerful posts of minister of state, or at

least a "full ministry". In a burst of anger, the islanders even raised a
French flag on a public building. It was torn down immediately by the
army.

Similar discontent was expressed in the Nioumakélé region of the
island of Anjouan, even though 98 per cent of the local inhabitants voted
for president ABDALLAH in the recent presidential elections, according to
the official results. The only member of the new government from the
region, secretary of state for youth and sports Said ABDOU Djaha, was
branded a "distinguished nobody" by the inhabitants of Noumakélé in
protest demonstrations.

I.0.N.- These disturbances, along with the strike of college students
at Moront_on Grand Comoro which began on January 1? and resulted in
the closure of the establishment six days later, are a source of
anxiety to president ABDALLAH, who blamee them on foreign

interference. The head of state is also increasingly suspicious of the
political aime of the president of the federal assembly, Mohamed TAKI,
who ts still in Paris and trying to win over supporters of Mr ABDALLAH
_ among the Comorian community in France. Mr TAKI, who has not resigned

| his office = he was elected in 1982 for a five-year term which is

| irrevocable, according to the constitution - could be tempted to use

| the assembly to enlarge his power-base within the country. It was in
order to curb Mr TAKI's authority that president ABDALLAH had the

: assembly vote in a special session on January 25 to abolish ite own
financial independence. :

cso: 3400/688

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA- 85-9:
22 March 1985"

ZIMBABWE

NATION COULD BECOME SILK CENTER OF AFRICA
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 11 Feb 85 p 3

{Text ]

ZIMBABWE could
become the silk centre of
Africa, producing enough
of this wonder fabric for
its needs with a surplus
for export.

‘The country’s potential as

@ major silk producer was
explained by -Mr George

Joseph, acting High Com .

miss‘oner of India in Harare.

n-a treatise in which he
sheds light on how India,
Japan and China developed
their silk industry twenty-five
eenturices ago, which later
gent explorers like Columbas
and Da Gama scurrying to
the Far East, Mr Joseph says
all climatic conditions are
right for the development of
the silk industry in Zim-
babwe.

he agricultural stages of
th industry — known as
sericulture — begins with a
silk moth laying — several
thousands of eggs at a time.
or ~ulberry leaves.

“he egas hatch and tiny
werms emerge which feed on
sieevlent mulberry leaves,
mbabwe’s temperature
tallies with the optimum

CSO: 3400/667

range of temperature required
for sericulture.” says Mr
Jaseoh.

‘ve soil conditions over
most of Zimbabwe were ideal
for mulberry. cultivation for
th: rearing of silk worms.

‘te urges that rearing silk
worms would provide emplov-
ment for a lot of people.
“The hedge bush of today
eonld be the money spinner
of ‘omorrow,” he says.

‘t present silk production
aceounted for only 0,2 per-
cent of the total global pro-
duction of all textile fibres
‘and 0.33 percent of all natu-
ral fibres like cotton and
‘wool.

“The world demand for raw
silk is expanding and with
it the export market.” The
shortage of silk on world
markets ensured a ready ex-
port market for a new pro-
ducer.

An expert who studied the
prospects of the silk industry
in Zimbabwe. Mr Mahade-
vappa. who is joint direccor
of sericulture in “he Indian
state of Karnataka, estimated
that 100 ha of mulberry plan-
tation could provide 52800
mandays of unemployment.

This employment in ° silk

115

worm production could pro-
duce 75000 ke of cocoons
valued at $375 000,

“But the employment op-
portunities that ‘could be
generated in rural areas as
well as the value realised by
processing the cocoons into
silk varn and fabric is several
times higher.” says Mr
Josenh.

A national sericulture in-
dustry could also provide at
least five hv-nroducts, After
the main product of silk. the
litter of the worms would be
turned into fertiliser.

Raw fats of the worm could
he used for fhe manufacture
of snan. balm and nerfume,
with the deniled warme need
to feed fish and poultry,
while the mutherry — fruit
could he processed into jam.

“Given the favourable clim-
atic and soi) conditions in
Zimhahwe there is: no rea-
son tq doubt that sericulture
could be the agro industry
with verv Inw eanital invest
ment. simple rural techno-
logy. relatively short gesta-
tion period, massive emotoy-
ment potential and very high
returns in both local and
foreien currencies.” savs Mr
Joseph.



Mandela's great statement included these words:

"I am not less life-loving than you are. But I cannot sell my birthright, nor
am I prepared to sell the birthright of the people, in order to be free,"

Then he asked what such a freedom was worth? And he said: "Only free men
can negotiate. Prisoners cannot enter into contracts."

He ended by saying "I will return."

Will Mandela return? Nobody knows the answer. The difficulties in the way
of his return are formidable.

He asked that P. W. Botha should show that he is different from Malan,
Strijdom and Verwoerd.

The irony of this is that P, W. Botha is different. But is the difference
enough?

Mandela is, in fact, demanding the repeal of many of the security laws. And
the end of detention without trial. And the end of the monstrous powers that
our white parliament has given to the minister.

Mandela said categorically: "Let him say that he will dismantle apartheid."

Mandela is saying: "I can't accept this. You must offer much more than
that."

I have no doubt that P. W. Botha understands very well what Mandela is saying.

Mandela has put P. W. Botha in a position where he must move faster, or stay
where he is, or retreat--all of which three courses are immensely difficult.

We are living through one of the most historic periods of our 300 years. Per-~
haps a new era is beginning.

Either P, W. Botha has taken a great step of which he understands. the full
meaning, or he has not fully understood it.

I hope the first is true. What should he do now?

I presume to try to answer this question, but it must be clear that I have no
responsibility whatsoever. I have retired from the game, and now watch from
the sidelines.

What should he do?

The first thing he should do is to unban Mrs Mandela unconditionally.

The second thing he should do is to arrange for special facilities at
Pollsmoor, where Mandela and his "comrades" can receive anyone they wish-~

64


MILLIONS SPENT ON OFFICES FOR NEW MP'S

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 2

{Article by Chris Whitfield]

[Text ]

cSO:

MILLIONS of rands of taxpay-
ers’ money are being spent by
the Government on refurbishing
a new Durban office block for
the House of Delegates.

The plush block, Malgate, has
been let to the Government for
five years for a record R88 mil-
lion.

The Department of Commu-
nity Development is preparing
the block for ‘the House of Dele-
gates’ administrative staff.

The massive expenditure
comes hard on the heels of the
outery over the amount spent
on housing in Cape Town for
the House of Delegates.

The alterations will entail se-
curity installations, extensive
partitioning, the redesigning of
floor space, additional plumbing,

and kitchen units.

3400/725

“Arecord

Mr Jonathan Mayne, of the de-
velopers Mayne and Van der
Linde, said the amount to be

75

spent “runs to millions”.

The Government has set a rec-
ord in commercial letting in
Natal by agreeing to pay the
R88 million for the use of nine
floors of the 11-storey building
at the intersection of Smith and
Stanger streets.

Mr Tony Atkins, a spokesman
for Hulsen, Verbaan and Mor-
gan, the building contractors
doing the work, said he could
not give an estimate of the cost.

Most of the project entailed

“partitioning and things like’
that”.

The Department of Commu-
nity Development’s acting re-
gional representative in Durban,
Mr Martin Friedrich, said:
“Everything we do is calculated
and cross-calculated in terms of
cost. It is usually done in the
most profitable way possible for
the State.

“There will be various of-
fices and conference rooms, the’
normal things you have in any
administration building.”

JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



POSITIVE ASSESSMENT OF COUNTRY'S ECONOMY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Feb

[Text]

cso:

GABORONE — Botswana’s economy, bat-
tered by three years of successive drought,
will grow by 4 percent in the 1985/86 finan-
cial. year starting in April, the Vice-Presi-
dent and Finance Minister Mr Peter Mmusi
said.

Presenting the country’s budget in Par-
liament yesterday, Mr Mmusi said the
worst years of the drought which resulted
in Botswana’s economy recording negative
growth for the first time in 1980/81 and
1981/82 were over.

He attributed the recovery mainly to the
increase in Botswana’s diamond production
and the upturn in world prices of the gems,
the country’s single largest export earner.

_ Without giving details, Mr Mmusi added
that diamonds as well as income from a
customs union binding Botswana with
South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho, ac-
counted for 70 percent of total government
revenue in 1984/85.

As a result of the buoyant economy, civil

3400/719

85 p 17

servants would get a 6 percent pay rise
from April, he said, adding foreign reserves
increased from 457-million pula at the end
of 1983 to 720-million pula at last year’s
close.

“Our present level of international re-
serves cover eight months of our imports,”
he said. °

Mr Mmusi said because of the drought,
agricultural production fell by 25 percent
from 69-million pula in 1981/82 to 52-mil-
lion pula in 1982/83 and indications were
that there would be a further drop of 31
percent in 1983/84.

Nearly 21-million pula was diverted to-
wards drought-relief programmes in the
past year alone, he added.

Botswana’s imports increased by 5 per-
cent from 675-million pula in 1983 to 710-
million pula last year, but exports rose by
14 percent from 707-million pula to 809-mil-
lion pula in the same period, Mr Mmusi
said.— Reuter.

11

JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA



MEER SAYS CRACKDOWN ON UDF PART OF CAREFUL STRATEGY

Durban POST NATAL in English 20-23 Feb 85 p 1

[Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text]

THIS week’s arrest of five United
Democratic Front leaders and the
nationwide crackdown on other UDF
activists wasepart of a carefully
drawn-up strategy planned more than
two months ago, Natal Indian Con-
gress acting-president Dr Farouk

Meer claimed yesterday.

Dr Meer said it was
clear the crackdown
had been planned some
time ago because
search warrants issued
in Natal had been dated
December 11 — one day
after the Minister of
Police had withdrawn
detention orders under
Section 28 of the Inter-
nal Security Act against
a number of political
figures last year.

“The fact that they
have been holding these
warrants since last year
shows that while (State
President P W) Botha
has been talking of re-
form on one hand, on
the other they were
carefully formulating
this crackdown against
legitimate peacefui
opposition.”

At least 13 prominent
black leaders were ar-
rested in countrywide
raids by the security
police yesterday in a

“massive crackdown of

the United Democratic
Front and affiliates.

Among the eight held
in the Transvaal were
UDF national president,
Mrs Albertina Sisulu;
national treasurer, Cas-
sim Saloojee; and
Transvaal vice-presi-
dent, Reverend Frank
Chikane.

Along with Natal
trade unionist Sam Ki-
‘kine, Transvaal leader

of the Anti-President’s -

Council Committee
Professor Ismail Mo-
hamed, and trade union
leader Isaac Ngcobo,
they are to be sent to
Natal to face charges of
high treason.

This will swell to 14
the number of accused
in the forthcoming Pie-
termaritzburg treason
trial, according to their
legal representative,

= Johannesburg attorney
Ms Priscilla Jana.

_. Ms Jana said police
had confirmed the
charge faced by the six
was treason and that
the others held today
were required only for
police questioning.

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


It appears, however, that Daniel arap MOI's fears are centred on the
expression of a real political opposition, speaking of Kenya's problems
in_terms of clase relationships and not just ethnic rivalries. Only the
atudents, and a few intellectuals, are currently able to pose this
threat. Thetr opposition, too, can also be seen ae revealing the

anzieties of the urban middle classes with regard to the regime'a

increasing authoritariantam. More generally speaking, the government ia
especially afraid of an alliance with the neglected poorer classes in
both towm and country during the current period of drought and
austerity. However, under present circumstances this possibility seems
very unlikely, Ita is true that the attempted air force coup in 1982
stirred up the shanty-towna of Nairobi at the same time as the
university, which was subsequently closed for a year, but this was more
of a spontaneous reaction than the reault of any connection with the
intelligentsia.

CSO: 3400/694

28


cso;

And in doing so the Govern-
ment turned the police force
into sex snoopers who secured
thousands of arrests as they
watched couples from treetops
through binoculars, burst into
bedrooms to test the tempera-
ture of the sheets, inspected the
privates of couples caught lit-
erally with their pants down
and hauled people before the
District Surgeon to search for
the seed of passion.

In the past two decades it is
known that 16 white men com-
mitted suicide after they were
charged. They gassed them-
selves, hanged themselves, shot
themselves, drowned them-
selves and took insecticide.

The small town of Excelsior
in the Free State made world
headlines for the first and only
time in its history. when
charges were brought — and
later dropped — against five
farmers who were alleged to
have had sex with black
women.

Lionel Murray, veteran
spokesman on home affairs

matters for the now-defunct _

United Party, dealt with hun-
dreds of victims of these laws
while he was an MP.

In the beginning, he told me,
“colour” was decided on the
basis of appearance and accep-
tance. Then came the so-called
Classification Board and all its
horrors. People would have
their nails, gums and hair exa-
mined as officials decided on
candidates’ race.

The board found itself con-
tested in court in a series of
cases which it lost and the gov-
ernment brought in amend-
ments which made for a more
rigid system. On this was based
population registration as we
know it today.

This made for amazing ano-
malies. In one case half a fami-
ly had been classified white
prior to the amendments and
the other half coloured after
the amendments.

At one stage Mr Murray had

3400/726

300 cases in his in-tray con-
cerning the tragic circum-
stances of people who had been
classified coloured and who
had come to him as a last
resort.

The two measures have al-
ready been hammered by
churches which support the
Government, and in evidence
presented to a previous select
committee which reported on

ossible amendments to the
laws last year.

The select committee had
members drawn from all white
political parties and heard evi-
dence from such rightwing

. bodies as the Hervormde Kerk

99

and the Kappiekommando.
Only five of the 90 bodies and
people who submitted evidence
were against the laws.

What will happen if the mea-
sures are scrapped? Mrs Helen
Suzman of the PFP, who has
fought them for more than
three decades in Parliament,
: “If these two laws were
ed tomorrow the actual
fabric of South African society,
would not really be affected in
everyday life. There are not
hundreds of people waiting to
Tush across the colour line to
marry each other or have sex-"
ual relations. You might say
Jews largely marry Jews and
Catholics largely marry Catho
lies. It is cultural, it is reli:
gious, it is environmental, it is
background. Like goes to like.” .

Both she and Mr Murray feel
any scrapping would force the
Government to examine a host
of other related legislation.

She says: “Their abolition
(the two sex measures) would
mean there would have to be
changes in order ‘to determine
what the effects would be on
other laws such as the Group
Areas Act and, presumably, the
Separate Amenities Act. You
couldn’t, for example, allow a
man to go into a place and not
his wife if he was lawfully
married to her.” .



GOVERNMENT'S DIFFERENCES WITH ANC OVER STRATEGY, POLITICAL VIEWS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 13

[Article by J. H. P. Serfontein]

{Text ]

CSO:

T HE Mozambican Govern-

ment has serious differences with

, the banned African National Con-

gress (ANC) about its strategy and

analysis of the political situation -

inside South Africa.

These views were spelled out
clearly and forcibly earlier this
week in Maputo by senior Frelimo
. Officials to Joe Slovo, a white mem-
sber of the ANC and a leader of the
‘panned South African Communist

Party (SACP).
told that Mo-

Slovo was blunt]
zambique disagreed fundamentally

. with the ANC on its strategy, in-

cluding its total commitment fo the
“armed struggle”.

“For years we have automatical-
ly accepted the advice of the ANC

, and their draft resolution on South

Africa at international gatherin;
one senior Frelimo source told me.
“However, we are no longer pre-

ared to do so blindly and to be
led by our noses.

“Over the last 25 years there have
been some fundamental changes in
South Africa, some good, some bad.
Whilst the apartheid structure re-
mains unchanged, South African so-
ciety is changing. There are also
new realities which did not exist in
1960.

“The propaganda of any libera-
tion movement should take into ac-
count such realities. But we find
that today the ANC still uses many
of the outdated cliches and propa-
ganda phrases from the Sharpeville
era. It is ineffective and counter-
productive.”

‘The source said: “One cannot sim-
ply ignore some of the policy moves

3400/728

35

and changes introduced by the SA
Government over the past year —
even if one accepts the argument
that they may have no intention of
abandoning power or abolishing
fundamental apartheid structures.”
In this regard he mentioned the
various recent statements by Presi-
dent Botha in Parliament and the
planned Scrapping of the Mixed
larriages and Immorality Acts.
“These developments, and the
greater political fluidity open up
new opportunities to explore. Effec-
tive political action inside South
Africa could exploit the Gontradic-
ions now appearing in the apart-
heid edifice ng pm
A senior Minister told me:
J“Over the past 24 years the ANC has
_ achieved comparatively very little
with Sporadic sabotage attacks. As
‘a. propaga weapon, it kept the
idea of the ANC alive, and boosted
morale and helped to create a polit-
ical awareness.
“However, the ANC is no nearer
+to taking over power physically.
“With a new political awakenin,
in South Africa among black polite
cal organisations, it is clear that the
armed struggle should be seen
merely as an instrument in helpii
to achieve liberation, and not an end
in it ”

The Minister warned that strate- |

should not be elevated in-
flexible ideology. to an in

Mozambican and other
fources have in recent weeks made
clear to me that they beli
that blacks should devise a new ine
ternal political struggle, “even if it
means sometimes using apartheid
platforms to oppose the Govern-

UPRS-SSA-85-U24
22 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE


TREURNICHT ATTACKS REFORM, BLASTS BOTHA COALITION
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Feb 85 p 11

[Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text]

If the words of Dr An-
dries Treurnicht are an
accurate barometer of
change in South Africa a
revolution is indeed tak-
ing place.

Since he split from the
National Party grave
warnings of a right-wing
backlash have been ut-
tered, discounted and re-

ted.

The National Party
machine has trundled on,
seemingly unstoppable;
and the Conservative
Party, claiming growing
support, has become
more vocal in its criti-
cism of reform.

But at the weekend the
rumblings of right-wing
dissent nearly blew the
roof off Pretoria City
Hall.

Dr Treurnicht waded
in, his verbal armoury
supplemented with anec-
dotes and exhortations
gleaned from an analysis
of what is undoubtedly a
suffering country.

In a classic 90-minute
tirade, well modulated
between a blade-like sar-
casm and stirring bari-
tone calls to supporters
to protect the white
laager, he heaped scorn
and derision on what he
called the coalition Gov-
ernment of the State

President, Mr P W Botha,
and his slaves, SABC-TV
and the Press.

There was also a fair
dosage of Orwellian
doublespeak as he deftly
skirted . issues such as
urban blacks (to him and
his party there are no
urban blacks) and real
political rights for so-
called non-whites.

For the Conservative
Party advocates a policy
of freedom with justice,
separate freedoms for
whites, blacks, coloured
and Indians ... euphe-
misms for strict _Ver-
woerdian apartheid and
forced removals.

As a_ speaker, Dr
Treurnicht has no peer.

His use of the Taal in

all its richness and colour.

is remarkable and trans-
lation robs his words of
nuance and splendour.

Yet the message has a
limited appeal and halts
‘at racial barriers.

His enthusiastic audi-
ence, which included for-
mer icons of the volk
such as Dr Connie
Mulder, filled the hall so
that clustered groups
were forced to listen to
his speech over loud-
speakers outside.

“There comes a time
when you have to ham-

60

JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

mer on your neighbour's
door to wake him up,”
said Dr Treurnicht.

“The Afrikaner, the
white man, the conserva-
tive English-speaker may
have been misled by the
slave media which sup-
ports the Government on
its path to integration.

“They may have been
misled, but they will not
capitulate.

“But South Africa is a
nation that has had the
fortitude to refuse to
commit national suicide;
it has refused to extend
tolerance to treason.

“It’s not too late to
vote Conservative
Party?”

Dr Treurnicht went on
to deride what he called
the Botha coalition, his
fans chanting “Bothalezi!
Bothalezi!”

Then he slammed what
he described as uncon-
trollable | Government
spending.

He said: “The consen-
sus party and its sympa-
thisers in the media have
in their drive for integra-
tion launched a total on-
slaught on those who
wish to remain white.

“Did you know that the
SABC was under the con-
trol of the BBC? The
Botha Broadcasting Cor-
poration?


--The recent announcement by Secom that registration of parties will end on

28 February. (The implication is that only NDPL and a token opposition party--
probably Edward Kessely's tiny Unity Party~-will be qualified to run for elec-
tion).

Against this politically explosive background is the nearing prospect of na-
tional bankruptcy. Unlike other countries Liberia carinot print money to pay
its domestic bills, The American dollar is the local currency. There is no
possibility of introducing a new currency in the near future because nobody
would accept it. The liquidity squeeze is such that most civil servants are
now paid at least three months late. The $1.2 billion foreign debt needs to
be rescheduled. But that figure includes a net payment to the IMF of $25m
this year.

In present circumstances of financial chaos there is little prospect of a new
agreement with the IMF, and hence no real chance of a rescheduling. There
will be a neglible capital inflow--Liberia is now regarded widely.as an unac-
ceptable political risk. The government, or individuals in it, might try to
raise some cash by selling state companies like Air Liberia, which Afro-
Lebanese business interests from neighbouring Sierra Leone wish partly to ac-
quire, But only the United States could provide the finance Doe needs to sur-
vive, even in the short-term.

Given that the Americans would also like to see Doe out of office, the chances
of Doe hanging onto power are minimal. In the short-term he is relying on the
loyalty of his elite. It includes George Bolley (secretary-general of NDPL),
Gray Allison (minister of defence), Alvin Jones (minister of finance), John
Rancy (former minister of labour), Gba Bgala (number three in NDPL), Henry
Dubar (army chief of staff) and Jan Ka Ba Johnson (an adviser).

The National Security Agency (NSA) is also playing a crucial role, though

many of its employees are disaffected with the regime. NSA director Sylvester
Moses, a Sierra Leonean by origin who once provided close security to Presi-
dent Siaka Stevens, has acquired a reputation for adhering to the "professional
duties" of his demanding and well-paid job. .

Footnote: 1. Issued in July last year, the decree is officially to protect
the public against the spread of rumours, lies and disinformation". In prac-
tice it is used to silence the opposition.

CSO: 3400/665

31



The whole matter was regarded as so important that Mandela was allowed to
make a public statement--the first since his statement from the dock in the
Rivonia Trial in 1964, at which he was sentenced to imprisonment for life.

His public statement was read by his daughter, Zindzi, at a meeting in
Jabulani, Soweto. In his statement Mandela refused to accept the state
president's offer.

Of this refusal, Mrs Helen Suzman said:

"It is a grim reflection on the apartheid system that a man chooses to remain
in jail after more than 21 years of imprisonment rather than live a life of
limited freedom under that system."

It is not only a grim reflection, it is also the act of a very extraordin-
ary man, a man of the class of Luthuli, Mathews and Sobukwe.

We would have done the same.

All these four men were by talents and character equipped to play a part in
government equal to that of P. W. Botha. Not one of them was allowed to do
so,

All of them were compelled by the National Party to lead a life devoted to
resistance and protest.

One cannot say that the National Party destroyed their lives, because in fact
it made them immortal.

In refusing the offer of freedom, Mandela demanded that the government itself
should renounce violence.

What did he mean? Does not every government in the last resort use violence?
That may be true, but not every government takes away from people houses and
property that they had legally acquired, and is prepared to use force to re-
move them,

Not every government denies people the right to go to any place to seek work,

Not every government sends to prison people who are in possession of docu-
ments published by organisations that have been banned.

One of the greatest offences of the National Party was that it gave powers
to the minister of justice to detain and imprison men and women without any
reference to the courts of law.

It is these forced removals, and this contempt for the rule of law, that have
alienated our country more and more from the democratic countries of the
world,

This alienation grows day by day.

63



INDIAN SUICIDE RATE HIGHEST IN NATION

Durban POST NATAL in English 13-16 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/667

SUICIDE in South
Africa’s Indian com-
munity was reaching
epidemic proportions

* and there was an ur-

gent need for doctors
and psychiatrists to
involve themselves in
combating it, a Dur-
ban psychiatrist said
last week.

In a paper presented
at the national South

‘ African congress of psy-

chiatry in Durban, Dr
AE Gangat of the de-

~ partment of psychiatry, -
, University of Natal

Medical School, high-
lighted the problem of
suicides among Indian
South Africans.

In a survey initiated
by Dr Gangat, it was
found:

© The proportion of sui-
cides in the South Afri-
can Indian Hindu and
Christian population
was greater than their
population ratio with
the incidence of Tamil
suicides especially
being higher than ex-
pected. On the other
hand the proportion of
suicides among Indian
Muslims was far less
than their population

_Tatio.

‘© Three times as many
men committed suicide
as women,

@ Twice as many mar-
ried people committed
suicide as those who
had never married.

© The level of educa-
tion was not a buffer
against suicide, with as
many well-educated
people committing sui-

cide as those who were =

* not.

@ Marital/lover prob-
lems seemed to play a
significant role in those
that commit suicide.

e@ Hanging was the
most common method
used to commit suicide
(45%), closely followed
by poisoning (39%).

@ Heavy alcohol abuse
was a common factor
especially with use of
alcohol prior to the sui-
cide attempt and other
drug abuse.

@ Warnings of suicide
were given by the vast
majority of those who

. killed themselves, but

100

these were mostly over-
looked by relatives and
doctors.

@ While most suicidal
people sought medical
attention, none were re-
ferred for psychiatric
treatment.

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Furthermore, when they mentioned the fact to us, it was precisely because
they considered it rash for cars to remain stopped there at that time and

in such an unsafe place. The survivors of this attack claimed that, when
the armored vehicle passed, the military had beckoned to them with a sign

of greeting. However, they did not realize that the gesture of the military
in the armored vehicle was an order for them to continue on their journey.
If they had realized this, the tragedy would have been avoided. They merely
confined themselves to responding with gesticulations that there were no
problems and that everything would be resolved in a minute. The minute was
what allowed the tragedy that ensued.

A few minutes later, the cars were started. . Shortly after the first car
began moving, bullets started raining over it. The driver's skill made it
possible to leave the area of the gunfire without suffering damage. So he
was able to drive to Palmeira to notify the forces stationed at that site.

But the second car, with the third one behind it, did not manage to escape
the bandits' fire. The first bullets hit the driver's legs and, nevertheless,
he centinued striving to keep the vehicle moving, in order to leave the area
of the gunfire. Since the weapons were aimed at the windshield glass, the
driver ended up being hit by two bullets in the chest.

What followed was that the car out of control started sliding, while the hauled
vehicle was hitting its rear. The passengers in both cars were ejected, some
left under the vehicles, which were stopped next to a footpath on the road.
Inasmuch as the road is located on a height, the cars overturned before they
were stopped.

Meanwhile, the group of bandits continued firing at the vehicles and at the
people who had been ejected. Amubu Anuar Khan, a 42-year old woman; Suleman
Mussa, aged 32; Surendra Kumar, aged 38, Paragnal Narotam, aged 18, Rina Mahen-
dra, aged 6; and Shatura Bay, aged 39, were barbarously murdered on the very
site. The other nine sustained injuries on various parts of their bodies,

and are confined in the Xinavane hospital, in a condition that requires

care.

Narotam Lalji, father of Paragnal Narotam, an 18-year old girl who was murdered
by the bandits in this attack, was the survivor who, riding in the car in front,
managed to reach Palmeira and seek assistance. His wife, who was riding in the
same car with him, was hit in the leg by a bullet which penetrated her thigh.

As we were talking, she was at home, after having received treatment at the
Manhica hospital.

The one who told us the details about what happened on the site was Abdul
Salam Assane, one of the survivors who emerged unharmed and who maintained
much presence of mind during the entire incident. It was this survivor who
started removing the mortal remains and evacuating the injured who were under
the vehicles, immediately after the flight of the armed bandits. When the
help arrived, he was already half-way into the rescue operation, aided by
another survivor, also uninjured, whose 6-year old daughter had been murdered.

41



JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CORPORATE CRIME BITES INTO PROFITS
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 17 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Lesley Lambert]

[Text]

MAJOR South African companies
are being bled of their profits be-
‘cause of a dramatic escalation in
cpp reveigaion by Business Ex
n ion jusiness i
press has revealed that insurance
companies are paying out millions of
rand in large fidelity guarantee
claims as dishonest employees chan-
nel cash and stocks into their own
pockets. :
Lax controls and financial depres-
sion are leading more and more em-
ployees — including top management

personnel oye enrich tt Ives at
ir employers’ expense.
Mr Peler Roodt, claims manager
for Mutual and Federal, said the in-
surance com) had lost more than
R2,5-million In the fidelity guarantee
bus’ alone, wil
million paid out in 1983. .

Other major insurance companies
have also reported up to 50% in-
creases in fidelity guarantee payouts
worth millions of rands.

A aramatie increase in cases of this
crime rey
Br iS a ae
iceberg, according to the command-
ing officer of crime prevention and
the commercial branch, Brigadier
Isaac van der Vyver.

“Theft employees of ensured
companies has become chronic,” Mr

it told Business Express this

week,

Aggravating

“The recession is aggravating the
situation and we are finding that the
level of employee involved in this
type of fraud has reached that of man-
aging directors.”

‘The Association of Chambers of
Commerce (Assocom), alarmed at the
increase in corporate crime, has
launched an in-depth investigation.

Said Mr Ken Warren, Assocom’s le-
gal adviser: “We have become aware

cso: 3400/730

of the growing effect of corporate
crime on South African companies.
Apart from attacking business profit-
ability, it also exhausts resources.”

Mr Warren said various aspects of
corporate crime — including comput-
er fraud — were being inv. ited by
a special panel with a view to updat-
ing an existing pamphlet on security
measures for the benefit of Assocom
members. .

Insurance experts said the most
common type of empl fraud in-
volved the theft of cash, usually by
falsifying, altering or destroying ac-
counting records.

Any business with a saleable com-
modity in the stock room or where
employees handled cash, was at risk,
they said. Banks and government cor-
porations dealing in large money

ransactlons were especially vulner-
able. .

Another er~'ar method of fraud
involved by an between em oy.
ees in a buyin,’position and suppliers
of goods, he said. Comp: a
invoiced for ich
supplied or not supplied at all.

mputer fraud is also become
another significant threat to com-
panies struggling to brave the reces-
sion.

“Already we are seeing the begin-

of big-time computer swindles
in this country. And things are Boing
to get far worse,” said John Wil-
kinson, specialist in fidelity guarantee
claims,

“The computer has become one of
the most dangerous instruments in
corporate crime.”

He said that with the increased use
of computers, it was becoming easier
for employees with specialised know-
Jege to manipulate the system for
fraudulent purposes.

Alarming cases such as the recent
Escom exy top the fidelity loss file.

In another major fidelity case —

83

-the Sun City casino swindle in which
‘Sun International claimed to have lost
more than R3-million — one insur-
ance company paid out almost R2-
million in losses.

In 1983 R3,8-million worth of jewel-
lery was stolen from Sterns which
blamed internal thefts for the loss.
‘The insurance company refused to
pay out and Sterns has to gather
more information to support the
claim. .

Mr Monty Schapiro, chairman of
Alexander and Alexander insurance
broker, said this week that during 1984
several frauds involving sums of
more that Ri-million were uncovered.

Catering

‘One insurance com a
claim by a major cat ri J emany
whose catering manager had accumu-
lated Ri-million over three years. °

Another referred to a case which
involved theft of stock from an elec-
trical company by the manager.

“He was removing fridges and tele-
vision sets by the truckload and no-
body questioned it because he was the
boss," the company’s claims manager

“We have been involved with many
claims for amounts ter than
R500 000, the highest of which was
R15-million and involved a top offi-
pany who had walsappropeated stock

who hac ropriat
End cash,” said Mr’ hapiro.

He added that a slump tended to
foster employee dishonesty and that a
more sinister trend of large-scale fi-
delity losses over long periods had

emerged.
“Many of the cases involve employ-
sateen sae
al cas
thefts have now become Feingnoml

cal’

Mr Schapiro said it was essential
for businesses to obtain adequate fi-
delity insurance cover.



CHINESE DOCTORS EXPECTED SOON

JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 12 Feb 85 p2

[Text ]

cso;

GABORONE: A total of 13
Chinese doctors including
two acupuncture specialists
are expected to. arrive in
Botswana early this year to
serve in Gaborone and
Francistown.

According to a press
release from the Ministry of
Finance and Development
Planning, the two acu-
puncture doctors will work
in the Princess Marina
Hospital in Gaborone. The
rest of the team will work in
the Jubilee Hospital in
Francistown.

3400/719

The arrival of the 13
Chinese doctors is the result
of a protocol which was
signed between Botswana
and the Peoples Republic of
China on Tuesday this week.
The Chinese Ambassador to
Botswana, Mr Lu Defan and
the Permanent Secretary in
the Ministry of Finance and
Development Planning, Mr
Baledzi Gaolathe signed the
Protocol on behalf of their
respective governments.

According to the release
this is the third protocol of
co-operation in the field of

health to be signed between
Botswana ahd China. Mr
Gaolathe thanked the
Chinese Ambassador for his
role in promoting co-
operation between the two
countries,

Mr Gaolathe recalled that
such co-operation had been
extended to the fields of
railways and agriculture. The
Chinese Ambassador
described the signing of the
protocol as yet another good
example of co-operation
among developing countries.

BOTSWANA


KENYA

Student Unrest Points to Regime's Vulnerability
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, No 169, 16 Feb 85) seveceeee

LIBERIA

Unlikelihood of Doe Remaining in Power Explained
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Feb 85) seseeecevccseccesceseeces

MADAGASCAR

RATSIRAKA 'Westernises' His Image
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 9 Feb 85) .esceceeseececeees

Briefs
Gesture to Church

MAURITIUS

Briefs
Industrialization Plan

MOZAMBIQUE

Government's Differences With ANC Over Strategy, Political Views
(J. H. P. Serfontein; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Feb 85) ...+.+..

Aquino de Braganca Discusses Background of Nation's Conflict
(Moeletsi Mbeki; THE HERALD, 22 Feb 85) seceeesevecceceure

Terrorist Tactics of Renamo Detailed
(NOTICIAS, various dates) ..eeceveeeescceceeveseess

Briefs
South African Tourism Increasing

SIERRA LEONE

President Stevens Faces Economic, Political Crisis
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Feb 85) ssseeceevevcescecenceeses

SOMALIA

Loss of Airforce Planes Reported
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 9 Feb 85) weceeesseveerevere

Military Deal Alleged With Pretoria :
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2 Feb'85) .ssveeeseeeees

27

29

32

33

34

35

36

38

49

50

53

54



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

TERRORIST. TACTICS OF RENAMO DETAILED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9, 11, 12, 14 Jan 85
[Part I: 9 Jan 85 p 1]

\
[Text] In two simultan eous attacks upon buses of the Oliveiras enterprise, one
in a-locality in Taninga and other in Maluana, near the town of Manhica, the
armed bandits barbarously murdered 27 people and injured nearly 30, some of
whom were seriously hurt. In Taninga, the bandits burned the bus, while in
Maluana they attempted to rob the surviving passengers of the money and posses-
sions that they had.

On several occasions we have heard that the armed bandits were resorting to
children for triggering certain types of attacks, and that they often used
them for reconnaissance missions. When we established ourselves in one of the
FAM positions, 12 kilometers from the town of Manhica, in the middle of the
jungle, a child about 9 years of age who had recently been captured in the
attack on a bandit camp appeared before us.

As the child himself told us, he had been abducted together with his father
in the vicinity of Taninga. He also claimed that, very soon, he gained the
confidence of the chief of the armed bandits, who started training him with
the intention of making him his future collaborator. As a means of confirming
the trust of.the youngster, he started showering him with gifts: five pairs
of pants, five shirts and two pairs of canvas boots. In this way, he was
guaranteed training as a future armed bandit, which was unquestionably more
dangerous than the training of those who are already adults.

Now the first bandit who machine-gunned the Oliveiras bus on Saturday morning
in the locality of Taninga was a boy about 8 years of age. Just when the
bus was struggling against the steep terrain and was about to conquer it,
there appeared from the jungle this youngster, wearing only shorts and garbed
in a series of strips’ of ammunition resembling a shirt. Clenching a sub-
machine gun, he began firing at the bus.

The rather slow speed associated with major ascents was a factor which enabled

the young bandit to put the bus' brake and clutch system out of commission. In
fact, the shifts stopped operating, just as it was becoming impossible to halt

38


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HOME AFFAIRS MINISTER DE KLERK SEEN AS RELUCTART REFORMIST

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

CSO:

CAPE TOWN — Having broken
three years ago with Dr Andries
Treurnicht, its one-time “Dr No”, the

‘National Party now has to face a

new factor — “Mr Maybe”.

He is Mr F W de Klerk, the Minister of
Home Affairs and of National Education,
who succeeded Dr Treurnicht as Trans-

. vaal leader of the NP in 1982.

Mr De Klerk is slowly assuming the man-

“tle Dr Treurnicht left behind in the NP when

he formed his Conservative Party.

And he appears to be backed by two of his
Transvaal fellow-ministers, Mr: Louis le
Grange and Mr Hendrik Schoeman.

Mr De Klerk, who is the Transvaal leader
of the party, is more subtle in his reluctance
to change than was “Dr No”. But he is slip
ping into the same habit of differing from the
current spirit of the NP without actually say-
ing anything that could get him into trouble.

In debate in the House of Assembly this
week, Mr de Klerk chose his words carefully
when dealing with the possibility of repealing
the Mixed Marriages Act and Section 16 of
the Immorality Act.

But a careful reading of his speech leaves
little doubt of his reluctance at what seems
to be the inevitable repeal of these Acts.

As Minister of Home Affairs, it is his job to
pilot the matter through Parliament. But his
heart is obviously not in it.

And as the reform initiative gains momen-
tum, the consensus in Parliament is that the
two Acts will be repealed during this session.
This could leave Mr de Klerk increasingly
out on a limb.

3400/726

Mr de Klerk piloted a motion through all
three Chambers of Parliament to appoint a
select committee to look at the “desirability”
of repealing the two sex Acts and of adapting
related laws with a view to “the continued
social, educational and constiutional ordering
of own communities”.

His speech in the white Chamber makes
particularly interesting reading as he does
everything but indicate whether he supports .
the repeal of the Acts. ‘

He said: “This is our standpoint: These
Jaws can be repealed, They are not holy
cows. The responsible view is that a person
cannot consider repeal without negotiation
and researching the implications in the
framework of South African order.”

Later on he says: “The Cabinet decided un-
animously that it must be done. The Cabinet
also decided that feet must not be dragged.

“The wish of all participating majority
parties is that this joint committee must
complete its work as soon as possible.

Mr de Klerk also put on record a tran-
script of an SABC television programme in
which he said “own
schools must not be
threatened” and that
“own residential areas
must be respected”.

“This committee will
have to determine how
repeal can be recon-
ciled with this goal,” he
said.

Mr de Klerk is part of
a small group of Trans-
vaal-based Cabinet
Ministers who are be-
coming _ increasingly
out-of-step with the
Government’s reform
movement.

69



PROMINENT INDIANS JOIN BLACK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

Durban POST NATAL in English 20-23 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Khalil Aniff]

[Text]

PROMINENT Natal Indian business
enterpreneurs have joined the black-
controlled National African Federated
Chamber of Commerce (NAFCOC).
Another breakthrough for NAFCOC
came when at least 30 t8p Indian busi-
nessmen from the Transvaal joined.
Details were announced when the Is-
lamic Council of South Africa invited
the NAFCOC top brass to dinner at
Orient Club, Isipingo, this week.
Executive director of ICSA, Mr
Ebrahim Bawa, said 40 Indian business
houses in Natal had decided to join
NAFCOC, headed by Dr Sam Motsuen-

: yane.
Earlier Dr Motsuenyane announced

that 30 Indian business outlets in the
‘Transvaal had already joined NAFCOC
whose aim was that one day, the black
secter of the business world would
“wolk hand in hand with.our Indian
brothers”. ; be

Dr Motsuenyane said they were
committed to self development, hence
the formation of the African Bank, the
Black Chain and until recently the
African Construction Company, which
until now had built more than 3000
homes for the black community.

He urged the Indian businessmen to
throw their lot behind NAFCOC, saying

(that “blacks and Indians must work to

CSO: 3400/666

gether”.

78

JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


157049

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DTIC QUALITY ENSPECTED &

- 4998022 1M

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

RODUCED 8) . jONSTATEME EO
NOTIONAL TECHNICAL . [ DISTRIBUTION STAT: MENT

INFORMATION SERVICE Approved for public “release;
OS pRNGRELD, Va. Z2et || Distibution Unlimited |

al 7) 7

=

+



JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

PRESTIGE AWARD FOR HOEDSPRUIT--Air Force Base Hoedspruit was yesterday
presented with the prestigious humanitarian achievement award, the Wilkinson
Sword of Peace, for the second consecutive year. The Sword of Peace is award-
ed annually to a South African Air Force (SAAF) unit in recognition of out-
standing achievements in the humanitarian field, AFB Hoedspruit's Officer
Commanding, Colonel C, J, Lombaard, was presented with the sword by SAAF's
chief of staff for air poperations, Major General A J S van der Lith, at a
parade at the Eastern Transvaal air base. During 1984 AFB Hoedspruit was in-
volved in important nature conservation programmes in the Lowveld. When
Cyclone Domoina wrought havoc in the Eastern Transvaal last year, AFB
Hoedspruit played an important part in mopping-up operations. ‘The presence
of the air force personnel has boosted the economic infrastructure of the
Lowveld, [Excerpt] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Feb 85 p 6]

BOMB DAMAGES ORANGE NP OFFICE--Slight damage was caused to the National Party
office at Kroonstad and two adjacene buildings by a bomb explosion shortly
after midnight this morning. The police liaison officer in the northwestern
Orange Free State, Captain (Johan Fouche), says the explosion was probably
caused by an explosive substance which has not yet been identified. No one
was injured. An adjacent garage and a block of flats were slightly damaged.
[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0900 GMT 4 Mar 85 MB]

ALEXANDRA MAYOR'S HOME BURNED--Johannesburg, 4 Mar SAPA-~-The house of the
mayor of Alexandra township in Johannesburg, the Reverend Sam Buti, was
gutted by fire early this morning, the PRO [Public Relations Officer] for
the South African police on the Witwatersrand, Lieutenant Colonel Fred Bull,
confirmed today, Police were investigating, he said. The family was awoken
by two explosions at 2 am and fled from the burning house. No injuries were
reported, [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1042 GMT 4 Mar 85 MB]

cso: 3400/717

104


Briefs
Copper, Nickle Deposits Found
Power Lines Link North, South
BURKINA

France Grants Loan for Water Supply Project
(Ouagadougou Domestic Service, 5 Mar 85) ..

CAMEROON

Anglophones Feel Neglected
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Feb 85) eee eee eeeeeneeees

CHAD
Briefs
Massive Voter Parliamentary Election Turnout
EEC Financial Aid
COMOROS
Regions Protest Cabinet Line-Up
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2 Feb 85) ..ssecceseccuceee
ETHIOPIA
Merger of Eritrean Groups Reported
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 2 Feb 85) ..
Briefs
East German Pact
Goods From Australia Confiscated
GHANA
Briefs
Self-Sufficiency Could Be Achieved
Mapping New Drilling Locations
GHANATAN VOICE Ban Lifted
Guardsmen Withdrawn From Airport
Petroleum Corporation Directors Announced
Mineral Prospecting Committee Formed
GUINEA
Briefs

French Loan Agreement
Guinea Retains Area Disputed by Guinea-Bissau

16

7

18

20
20

21

22

23
23

26
26


UPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

TANZANIA

MOZAMBIQUE NATIONAL RESISTANCE AGENTS FREED
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English No 167, 2 Feb 85 p 2

[Text] The Tanzanian government announced on January 24 that it had decided
to release and deport four Portuguese citizens arrested last August for
taking part in subversive activities against Mozambique on behalf of the
Mozambique National Resistance. They were to be handed over to Fernando
Reino, a special envoy of the Portuguese president, Antonio Ramalho Eanes.
General Eanes had made a personal approach to Tanzanian President Julius
Nyerere to obtain the reléase of the four, Adelino Serras Pires, Snr,
Adelino Serras Pires, Jnr, Carlos Artur Serras Pires Cardeano and Rui Manuel
Ribeiro Montero.

1.0.N.--Last December the British newspaper THE OBSERVER reported that
Portugal's deputy prime minister, Mota Pinto, a personal friend of MNR
secretary~general Evo Fernandes, had been trying through diplomatic means

to secure the release of the four Portuguese. It would appear that the
Tanzanian president was given some assurances from Lisbon that the activities
of the MNR in Portugal would be restricted: on January 22 Portuguese Prime
Minister Mario Soares held a meeting with his ministers of foreign affairs,
justice and the interior to decide on measures which should be taken against
the MNR.

cso: 3400/644

105



JPRS- SSA- 85-02:
22 March 1985

GUINEA

BRIEFS

FRENCH LOAN AGREEMENT--France and Guinea last Monday signed a loan agreement
under which the French Fund for Economic Cooperation will grant Guinea the
sum of Fr 56 million to be used for the purchase of 25 buses for (Sogecra), a
mixed economy transport company, the construction of mechanical workshops and
the purchase of mechanical equipment for (SAG), automobile maintenance company
jointly owned by private Guinean and French businessmen. [Excerpt] [Conakry
Domestic Service in French 0645 GMT 6 Mar 85 AB]

GUINEA RETAINS AREA DISPUTED BY GUINEA-BISSAU--The area where oil prospecting
is being carried out and which was being disputed by Guinea-Bissau, has been
retained by Guinea, according to the judgment of the arbitration panel at the
Hague. It will be recalled that on 14 February 1985 the arbitration panel at
the Hague, set up to settle the maritime border dispute between the Republic
of Guinea and the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, delivered its judgment. [passage
omitted] [Excerpt] [Conakry Domestic Service in French 0645 GMT 5 Mar 85]

CsO: 3419/312

26



RISING UNEMPLOYMENT IN PORT ELIZABETH, CONSEQUENCES

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 10 Feb 85 p 2

[Article by Mono Badela]

{Text}

IT HAS become a privilege ;
and not an_ obligation to
have a = job. in Port
Elizabeth, say thousands
of people presently un-
employed in the area.
And the view expressed by
economists — that unemploy-
‘ment in Port Elizabeth will rise
sharply in the first six months of
this year as the economic climate
:gets worse — is no consolation

for the unemployed.

This gloomy fore-
cast is also . sup-
‘ported by official
statistics from the
Unemployment In-
surance: Commis-
sioner’s office. They
say the black un-
employment figure
in December —
500 000 or-eight per-
cent will .rise to
more than 10 per-
cent.

The . need to
create jobs for this
country’s growing
population hasbeen
pinpointed as one of
the most crucial

“chalienges —_ facing

85

the Government.

In Port Elizabeth
Uitenhage — where

.industrial growth is

hampered by many
factors — that holds
true even more than
in other centres.

Unemployment
in the area is really
rife. The long
queues at the labour
bureau and at Un-
employment Insur-
ance Fund offices
are only the tip of
the iceberg.

Official _ figures
from Port Elizabeth

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



DETAILS ON NEW CASTLE DIESEL-FILTER FACTORY GIVEN

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/730

A MAMMOTH new R80-mil-
lion project, which will pro-
vide employment for thou-
sands, has got off the ground
in Newcastle, Natal.

The diesel de-aerator filter
plant will create millions of
rands of additional foreign ex-
change for South Africa by
way of import substitution
and exports.

When its second phase
comes on stream in 1988, the
factory will employ more
than 15000 people, 10000 of
whom will be blacks. -

The 3,2-ha complex —
which is expected to start
production in October this
year — along with its 2,9-ha
administration block, will ini-
tially employ about 1000
blacks and 400 whites.

The entrepreneur develop-
ing the project is Giuseppe
Giammello, a Milanese-born
businessman and mechanical
engineer, who has been resi-
dent in South Africa for the
past 18 years,

Own invention

The Newcastle factory will
be producing ‘his own inven-
tion, a new type of diesel fil-
ter whith enables diesel en-
gines to achieve dramatic
savings on fuel consumption.

The diesel de-aerator self-
priming filter, already patent-
ed on a worldwide basis, does
not have to be replaced as
often as conventional filters,
all of which are currently im-
ported.

According to Mr Giammel-
lo consumer potential is un-
limited and export contracts
are already under negotiation.

Export outlook

Worldwide sales and mar-:

keting rights have been
awarded to a Newcastle firm,
Mining Ancilliaries and Sup-
plies, whose managing direc-
tor, Sam Spearing, believes
the new filter offers such con-
siderable advantages at so
cost-effective a price that the
outlook for export sales is
“very bright”.

The first factory will ini-
tially produce 500000 units a
month, with capacity to dou-
ble when the second factory
goes into production in 1988,
One smelter will serve both
factories.

Mr Giammello decided to
establish the factory in New-
castle because of the advan-
tages offered by decentralisa-
tion and the labour force ex-
isting in that area.

Construction is being car-
ried out by Cedcon.

80

JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


He said provision had been made already for the building of the Tuli Block
Road to the border through either Zanzibar or Martins Drift.

Amongst some of the projects in the pipeline Minister Chiepe mentioned, was
the building of vocational training centre.

Minister Nwako reiterated his Ministry's "Buy Botswana" campaign saying it
would encourage local consumers to buy the increasing number of quality products
now produced locally.

The establishment of a Trade and Investment Promotion Agency within the Minis-
try of Commerce and Industry, he said, will seek, among other things, to di+
versity the geographical location of industries throughout Botswana.

Mr Nwako commended the Selebi-Phikwe Chamber of Commerce as one of the few
active ones in the country.

CSO: 3400/721


JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SIERRA LEONE

PRESIDENT STEVENS FACES ECONOMIC, POLITICAL CRISIS
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Feb 85 pp 5,6

[Text] President Siaka Stevens left the country early this month for Las
Palmas and Tenerife. He is due back this weekend, but his hopes of Busta-
mente-style retirement in his hill-top palace have been submerged in a politi-
cal and economic crisis that is rapidly coming to a head,

There are two developments to note on the political front:

--At the ruling All Peoples Congress (APC) emergency central committee meet~
ing last month, which was followed by another APC meeting in Pujehun, it was
decided to hold an APC convention on 11-14 April and to hold presidential
elections in June or July. It is anticipated that Sevens will remain presi-
dent, but that first vice-president Sorie. Ibrahim Koroma will be replaced,
probably by either Sheka Kanu (minister of foreign affairs) or Abdulai
Conteh (minister of finance), both of whom are Temne northerners.

~-An argument over economic policy (see below), in particular over whether to
float the local currency, the Leone, appears to have led to a succession of
verbal fights at the highest level, culminating in Sevens' reported offer to
hand the country over to the army-commander; Maj-Gen. Joe Momoh, who is

also a presidentially-nominated member of parliament. The offer, which was
leaked probably on purpose by State House, is unlikely to have been serious.
None of the senior officers, individually or collectively, would be able to
govern the country for long. They are without exception identified closely
with Stevens' regime, and have no power base within the army. In a speech to
representatives of the police and army at the end of last month, Stevens an-
nounced salary increases for all civil servants and members of the armed
forces, and said they would receive a bonus of one month's salary in Febru~
ary. He also said that the 4,000-strong army (which in practice could just
muster two badly-equipped combat battalions) would be increased in size.

Management of the economy, especially in view of the extraordinary autonomy

of the Precious Minerals Marketing Company (PMMC), under the managing director-
ship of the Afro-Lebanese tycoon Jamil Said Mohammed (AC Vol 25 No 24), be-
came the most heated issue in December and January. Abdulai Conteh, apparently
the strongest proponent of floating the Leone, had a fierce argument with
Jamil, which we understand culminated in Conteh handing his resignation to
Stevens. It was refused.

50


Only 3,6 percent of black teachers are graduates; 23,5 percent

_ have a matric; 52,5 percent do not.
Indian pupils writing the Department of Education and Culture
exams gained similar results to white Transvaal Education
Department pupils and 86 percent of candidates passed.
That was 1 percent higher than in 1983.
Almost 40 percent received university entrance passes. .
The principal Indian education planner, Mr Morgan Naidoo, said
the matric pass rate for Indians had improved because of a
better inspection service, improved curriculum development
projects and more refined techniques.
There was a 72,5 percent pass rate in the 1984 coloured senior
certificate examinations written by 14 138 full-time candidates.
While this year’s coloured pass rate is slightly higher than
last year’s pass rate of 71,3 percent, it is more than 20 percent
Jower than the pass rate for the white Cape Education Depart-
ment’s candidates.
The Transvaal Education Department had the highest failure
rate in years when 9,2 percent of candidates failed last year.
A year earlier 6,4 percent of 26 613 pupils did not pass.
Distinctions were more evenly spread last year with fewer
people cornering six and seven distinctions each.
Only 47 got seven distinctions each in 1984 against 59 with a full
house in 1983.
The percentage of university passes dropped from 50,5 in 1983 to
48 last year.

HEY PASSED IN A

WHITE
Transvaal
Education
Department

COLOURED

INDIAN COLOURED. {BLACK wi

Department {Department [Department | Joint Joint Joint Joint

of Education | of Education Jof National |Matriculation| Matriculation] Matriculation] Matriculation
and Culture [and Culture |Education {Board Board Board Board

(House of | |(House of | |(Fulltime —[(Full time | (Fulltime |Full time | (Mostly,
Delegates) |Represent- | candidates) |candidates) | candidates) |candidates) | private
atives) candidates)

72,5% 52% 57% 78% 15%

92


CSO:

3400/666

The original accused
in the treason trial —
including UDF Natal
president Archie Gu-
mede — have been in
custody for nearly three
months and were re-

| fused bail. They will ap-
pear in court at the end

of March, but the trial
is not expected to start
before June.

There were wide-
ranging police searches
of the homes of leading
NIC and UDF figures in
pre-dawn raids yester-
day in Durban. They in-
cluded Zac Yacoob, Roy
Padayachee, Dr Farouk
Meer, Mrs Ela Ramgo-
bin, Yunus Mohammed,
Virgil Bonhomme, Pra-
veen Gordhan, Ramlal
Ramesar, and Professor
Fatima Meer.

Also searched was
freelance photographer
Omar Badsha.

All of those searched
said police had confi-

71

scated documents and
pamphlets and issued
receipts for them.

At least 19 UDF ac-
tivists in Johannesburg,
Lenasia, and Laudium
were similarly
searched.

Police started calling
at homes with warrants
to search and arrest at
8am, according to the
families of those arrest-
ed.
Police earlier yester-
day confirmed the ar-
rests of six people who
they said would appear
in court next month
with others now in a
Durban jail on charges
of treason.

The police named
those who would appear
in Durban as Mrs Sisu-
lu, Rev Chikane, Mr Sa-
loojee, and Professor
Mohamed.

They also confirmed
the arrests of Mr Ngco-
bo and Mr Kikine,



¢

JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

MADAGASCAR

RATSIRAKA 'WESTERNISES' HIS IMAGE
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Feb 85 p 4

[Text] The dramatic announcement by president Didier RATSIRAKA on the
occasion of ceremonies marking the 150th anniversary of the publication
of the Bible in the Malagasy language (see I.0.N. N°167) that he would no

e part in the ritual "Joro" sacrifices of cattle is still
provoking discussion among the country's politicians. The "Joro", a
ceremony directly linked with the cult of ancestor-worship, is an
integral part of Madagascar's cultural heritage and is a practice which
is still very much alive among Malagasies.

There is virtually no doubt that in restating his faith in God on the
occasion of an ecumenical ceremony attended by several thousand
Christians of all denominations, from Roman Catholics and Anglicans to
Lutherans, Pentecostalists and Seventh Day Adventists, and in declaring
that he would no longer participate in the "Joro", president RATSIRAKA
intended above all to get in the good books of the churches, which are
increasingly showing opposition to his regime. It is noteworthy, however,
that the churches themselves have quite successfully incorporated local
customs into their rituals, and are not fundamentally opposed to the
“Joro". Furthermore, in breaking with one of the traditions which are
especially close to the hearts of Malagasies, the president has alienated
himself politically from much of the population.

I.0.N.- It seems that for several weeks now president RATSIRAKA has
been trying to "westernise” his image. On January 10, when he conveyed
his good wishes to the diplomatic corps, he praised at length the
major western philosophers, expressing regret that Malagasy schools no
longer studied anyone but Marz, Engels and Lenin (I.0.N. W°165). On
January 27 in the Mahamasina stadium he proclaimed his Christian
faith. It is certain, too, that the new economic policies of his

regime have given increasing satisfaction to its principal creditors
(see page 6 for the World Bank's seal of approval).

On the other hand, the unhealthy domestic political atmosphere is
clearly persistant. The latest evidence of this came in the extremel
virulent pastoral letter approved by Madagascar's 19 Catholic bishops
last September 27, of which the Fianaranteoa newspaper Lakroa managed
to publish 18 out of 28 clauses in ite last issue in December. In a
thinly-veiled allusion to the Malagasy situation, the letter stated:
"In order to maintain one's position and stay in power for ever, one
does not shrink from deliberate lying, since the lie has become the
easiest way to subject, betray and oppress the people.”

CSO: 3400/688

32


Our lieutenant explained it to us in this way: "It is impossible for the
bandits who have been attacking in this location to live far from here;
because if they attempted to penetrate another several kilometers into the
interior they would find our forces constantly searching the area. Someone
near the road is hiding them and informing them aboutthe patrol's positions
and movements."

Moreover, the check that we made of the site and the information that we
procured about the jungle to the left of National Highway No 1 caused us to
conclude that the bandits live very near, in fact next to the road, and have
someone helping them to pass by unnoticed. We also know that it is not their
intention to remain there, but rather to penetrate the jungle; but they have
not succeeded in doing so.

Today, we bring up the case of an informer who may have done a great deal
for the armed bandits and who aided greatly in causing many of our forces'
operations against the armed bandits to be aborted. He is Francisco Alfredo
Manhica who, in addition to being a collaborator, was providing a series of
reports to the bandits. Both he and his father and two sisters, by now
adult women, between 30 and 35 years old, were heavily engaged in assisting
the armed bandits.

That collaborator of the bandits told us: "The first time, they: were at home,
talking with my father; and after they asked us some questions about the
positions of our troops, they took us with them to the base." Also according
to him, he remained a day at the bandits' base, following which he was sent
back home, having received the mission of constantly informing on the FAM's
movements. During his stay with the bandits, he received clearcut instructions
on how he must operate in order to procure information.

Starting at. that time, he began receiving constant visits at home. They
involved envoys from the armed bandits' chief, who attempted to procure the
information which he had managed to gather in his travels as a harmless
peasant. While this work was going on, he attempted to lure the two sisters
to collaborate. One of them was given the mission of preparing meals for

the bandits, who had already become sons of the household; while the other
one merely served as a woman companion of some of those bandits. To complete
the spirit of cooperation with the bandits, which by then included the entire
family, Francisco Alfredo Manhica's brother showed the armed bandits where the
population's livestock had been hidden. A large number of cattle were stolen
by the bandits, owing to the information from this traitor, who was very
familiar with all of those who had cattle, because they grazed in the area.
The bandits did nothing to this family's livestock; quite the contrary.

Before ending the conversation with this collaborator of the bandits, a talk
which took place in the middle of the jungle 12 hours after his capture, we
inquired the reason for his attitude, inasmuch as the entire population knows
about the enemy's operations. The answer was as follows, verbatim: "When I
returned from the base, I lacked the courage to inform our forces about what

4h


JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

ORGANIZED CRIME ON THE RISE
Harare THE HERALD in English 18 Feb 85 p 3

[Text] Gutu. Organised crime is increasing in Zimbabwe, the Minister of
Justice, Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, Cde Eddison Zvobago, said at the
weekend,

Opening a new court at Mupandawana, Gutu, the only one built since inde-
pendence, the minister said courts should be agents of the process of re-
habilitating the offender rather than be seen as institutions whose duties
were merely to punish criminals.

The provision of decent accommodation for judiciary officers should enhance
the efficiency and dignity of the institutions.

Cde Zvobgo said his ministry would not be found wanting where criminals wished
to have their own way and urged the courts to bring into force their legal
powers in protecting society from such people.

The court cost $60 000 and will also cater from periodical magistrates’
courts from Masvingo.

There are 93 community courts in the country, including periodical primary
courts, but many of them are still poorly housed.

The ministry plans to build 300 community courts by the end of the 1985-6
fiscal year, but lack of funds may hold up the programme.

cso: 3400/705

113



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SOUTH AFRICAN TOURISM INCREASING--Komatipoort--Despite continued fighting
between the Mozambique National Resistance (MNR) and Frelimo, South African
tourism to Mozambique is steadily increasing. Since December last year more
than 200 South Africans visited Inhaca Island, 23 nautical miles from Maputo,
and a number of Mozambicans visited the Kruger National Park and Nelspruit.
For the first time since independence the hotel at Inhaca Island is fully
booked for the Easter weekend. Komatipoort businessman Mr Johnny Henn last
year began a flight service for South Africans wanting to visit Inhaca. His
company arranges visas, air transport and accommodation. Guests at Inhaca
can enjoy deep sea fishing, diving and other acquatic sports. A half-page
advertisement in a local newspaper recently attracted many Lowvelders to the
island. [Text] [Article by Clyde Johnson] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 13 Feb 85 p 5]

cso: 3400/728

49



had happened. I kept my thoughts to myself, and thought it was best to remain
silent. I informed them where our troops were located, to find out whether
they would be frightened, and they left:us in peace. But later, I ended up
joining them, without really understanding why, and I started giving them

the information that they wanted."

Marta Matavela is a woman whose husband works in-the mines of South Africa.
She lives in the Xirindza area and is an informer and collaborator of the
armed bandits. We say that she is, because at the time that we are recording
this information, she was still at large. The one who gave us the information
that we cite here for the reader was her mother-in-law, Ntawasse Ntimane.

According to aged Ntawasse, her daughter-in-law used to receive armed bandits
every day at her residence, and made them comfortable on chairs in the shade

of a tree, while she prepared their meals. Also according to the subject of
our interview, the bandits often spent nearly all day at Marta Matavele's
house, or would spend the night there, and leave early in the morning. It

was because of the footprints of the armed bandits seen in Marta Matavele's
house that our forces picked up the old woman on the afternoon of 3 January.

At the time, the daughter-in-law was not at home and, as the old woman presumed,
she might have gone out with her usual visitors.

The old woman disclosed: "I would like to change my residence, because I
can't stand living in that environment, in which the bandits spend their
lives visiting us. It is because this is the first time that Machel's
soldiers have shown up; otherwise, I would have informed and asked to leave
with them." At the present time, she is located in the town.

[Part V: 14 Jan 85 p 1]

[Text] In statements to the press, many armed bandits captured by our forces
have talked about their participation in brief "military" training courses.
However, the proper term for what they call military training is a training
to commit’ the most heinous crimes, without their causing them any feeling of
horro. They only learn to handle weapons, for the rest of the training con-
sists of taking drugs, and the first cold-blooded murder’ éntails drinking
the blood of the first victim. From then on, the armed bandit is ready to
participate in any attack.

The contacts that I had with the victims of the various attacks carried out
by the armed bandits in Manhica helped me greatly to understand that the
crimes were committed by individuals who could hardly have been aware of
their actions, and led me to conclude that only a state of mental derangement
would prompt such refined sadism.

Anything resembling a humanitarian instinct has been deleted from the vocabu-
lary of the bandits. The armed bandits cut off the right arm of Sitar Mahendra,
a 4-year old child, with a bayonet. At the time that I saw this child, who

had a long stay at the Xinavane hospital, in order to attend the funeral

45



IMMIGRANTS REFUSING CITIZENSHIP ORDERED OUT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 16 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Sue Leeman]

[Text]

cso:

Nineteen young immi-
grants. who have refused

to become South Africans -

have been given three
months to leave the coun-
try.

Hundreds more could be
given their marching orders
over the next few months.

This has been confirmed by
the Department of Home Af-
fairs, which revealed yesterday
that so far 19 of 982 immigrants
who have refused to become
South Africans have not been
awarded temporary residence
permits — and been given three
months to leave the country.

“If the 19 do not leave they

will be liable for prosecution as

illegal residents,” a department
spokesman said.

Hundreds more could be
asked to leave by the time the
backlog is cleared.

So far 22 percent of appli-
cants for temporary residence
permits have been rejected and
this figure is likely to rise in the
next few months as more immi-
grants become eligible for auto-
matic citizenship.

It is believed the 19 immi-

grants who have been given

their marching orders were un-

3400/724

74

employed.

According to the spokesman,
the criterion for granting tem-
porary residence is dictated by
the supply and ‘demand of la-
bour in specific professions.

“Tf they do not leave the coun-
try within three months, steps
will be taken against them to
make them leave,” he said.

According to the department,
64 immigrants have been grant-
ed temporary. work permits

since October 11 — leaving al-:

most 900 ‘applications still to be
considered.

In terms of the new Citzen-
ship Act, a large number of im-
migrants between the ages of 15
and 25 automatically became
South African citizens unless
they signed a declaration to the
contrary. ‘

The law came into effect last
October.

The spokesman said a total of
46004 foreign immigrants who

.were previously permanent:res-

idents automatically became
South African citizens between
April 11 and last October 11.
According to present legisla-
tion, foreigners can retain their
foreign passports but should use

their South African passports

for travelling.

JPRS- SSA~ 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


"SECRET' GOLD PROSPECTING OPERATION REPORTED

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 14 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Jane Strachan]

{Text ]

cso:

3400/730

ONE of the country’s biggest mining groups
is prospecting for gold in a top secret opera-
tion only a few kilometres from Newcastle
in Northern Natal.

Gencor, the Johannesburg-based General Min-
ing Union Corporation, took out a prospecting li-
cence and erected a rig on a private farm about
two months ago. A sample shaft about 3000

- metres deep is being sunk.

The project has been shrouded in secrecy:

- the farm owners are under instructions not to
. discuss what it going on, the Town Clerk says he

knows nothing and curious townspeople can only

-speculate about what is happening on their door-

step. :
From Mr John du

Plessis, Gencor’s admin-
istration manager in the
exploration department,
came a brief “no com-
ment”.

Mr du Plessis said it
was customary not to
discuss explorations
until something was
found.

“There is a great deal
of competition,” he told
‘The Daily News.

“And you must re-
member that out of 100
things we look at,
maybe one turns into
something.”

Asked if this was the
first time Gencor had
explored for gold in
Natal, Mr du Plessis

“said the company

“looked all over the
countrv”.

84

Fenced
The land surrounding
the rig, about 13 kilome-
tres from Newcastle, has
been fenced off and it is
understood that not even
the owners of the farm
Gardenia, the Phillips
family, have been al-
lowed near the site.
Newcastle, in the
heart of the Natal coal-
mining industry, is feel-
ing the squeeze of the
recession as much as the
rest of South Africa and
locals realise that a gold
strike would mean more
jobs and a lot more
money for them.
There is no operative
gold mine in Natal.

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


the bus. Hence, it began to slip out of the driver's control. While this
was happening, all the bandits who had beenconcealed in the jungle started
shooting at the bus.

Faced with this situation, with a bus out of control and under fire from the
armed bandits, the passengers on the bus all began seeking the only possible
way of saving themselves: jumping from the bus and fleeing to the right side
of the road. Obviously, the confusion was enormous, because the bus was
completely filled, with all the available spaces occupied, from the seats and
aisle up to a few steps from the entry and exit doors.

What prevented many passengers from being hit, even at the door of the bus,
was the fact that the latter was moving and the open door itself served as
protection. If it had not been for this, the intense firing which the bandits
were aiming at the doors would have caused more victims. Moreover, the mere
fact that the bus was in motion and left to itself helped to increase the
chances for safety of those who managed to jump.

To give an idea of the confusion that was generated in the bus, we need only
mention that many mothers left their children inside it and fled by themselves.
There were couples who, at the time of danger, simply became separated and
could not find each other throughout’ that entire Saturday afternoon.

The author of this article came across a child under a year of age, who was
crying at the top of his lungs, with a half-filled nursing bottle beside him.
He was turned over to some militiamen who were in the area when the salvage
operations were started.. I hope that he has found his family by now.

The image of that confusion, of the desperation and a forced hopefulness, as

a means of trying to be consoled about the virtually confirmed misfortune,
appeared again, a few hours after the incidents in Palmeira. When some of the
survivors saw me with a tape recorder and microphones in my hands, they came
to me in droves, attaching themselves to me. To my despair, they were not
coming so much because they wanted to be interviewed, no; all of them, without
exception, wanted to ask me where their husbands, children or wives were. They
wanted to find out about their families.

I don't know what instinct prompted them to such an action; the fact is that
they didn't stop bombarding me with questions about their children and spouses.
None of the women.who asked about children was the mother of the one. that I
had held, that 4-year old child whose identity card I had held for over half
an hour.

To top off my desperation, a lady asked me about a man whom I had seen dead,
at least according to the description of the clothing that she gave me. To
put off knowledge of the truth is not lying. I confined myself to saying
that I had not seen anything of the kind, with great sorrow, I admit. I
was relieved when I could tell another lady that her husband was alive and
that he had only sustained injuries to both legs. I still recall the brave
expression of that young man shot in both legs, who gazed at me with the

39



The weeding, scouting and spraying of cotton was being affected by the rain,
and boil shedding due to overcast weather had been noticed.

The late planted maize crop was showing serious waterlogging signs and leach-
ing and weeds were a problem, as in the case of sorghum, whose maturing crop
had been affected by smut.

The harvesting of the early groundnut crop was being hampered by the rain which
had, however, not affected topping and curing.

Livestock deaths from unknown causes had been reported in Silobela.

In Mashonaland East reaping of the early irrigated virginia tobacco had been
completed. Dryland crop quality ahd been affected by rain, and disease was
widespread.

Though the early planted maize crop was very good, later plantings were suffer-
ing from weeks, leaching and waterlogging.

Rain had hampered the spraying of cotton and insect damage was expected to be
severe as many communal farmers had no sprayers.

Sorghum was generally fair to good, with some crops suffering from leaching and
waterlogging.

In Mashonaland West Angular leaf spot and alternaria had been fairly common
on tobacco. Oriental tobacco planting had been held back because of the rain,

Some late maize plantings had weakened root system and slight yellowing and
firing of lower leaves had been common,

The rain had caused cotton shedding and damaging bolls and it had caused spray-
ing problems, but the crop had very good potential given sunshine and late
rains in March,

Some semi-lopper damage had affected soyabeans, of which late plantings had
been held back because of rain.

The area under coffee had been reduced this season, but the crop's standing
looked very good,

In Masvingo wet and overcast weather posed problems on oriental tobacco reap-
ing and curing and had resulted in poor quality leaf.

Late planted maize was waterlogged. Cotton pest control had been rendered dif-
ficult by rain, which was hampering groundnut harvesting and curing.

In Matabeleland North Sunshine was needed to boost crop growth. There had been
tremendous improvement in grazing and both small and large stock were in good
condition except where there had been overgrazing. Late maize plantings had
been waterlogged in Matabeleland South Where leaching had been noticed. Citrus
at Tuli Makwe irrigation scheme was promising. Livestock were in fair to good
condition.

cso: 3400/705 109



JPRS-SSA~-85-024
22 March 1985

IDENTITY FORGING INCREASES--Cases of foreign nationals forging Zimbabwean
identities are on the increase, says a spokesman for the Department of Im-
migration, The Zimbabwe Information Service yesterday quoted the spokesman

as stating that in future all cases involving false declarations at entry
points into Zimbabwe would be referred to the courts for prosecution without
exception. This warning comes in the wake of a special magistrate's court hear-
ing in Harare on Wednesday where Elias Lebino Kachiswe (26), a Zambian, was
sentenced to six months' jail after being convicted of using a forged birth
certificate said to have been stolen from a relative to reflect that he was
Zimbabwean, [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Feb 85 p 1]

ZIANA-APN COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED~~ZIANA and the Soviet APN have signed
a 5-year cooperation agreement to exchange information on a regular basis.
The agreement was signed in Harare today by the executive secretary of the
Zimbabwe Mass ‘ledia Trust, Mr (Tim Matthews), and the APN chief correspondent
in Southern Africa, Comrade Sergeyev (Boris). Under the agreement, the two
news agencies will encourage mutual exchange of visits by journalists of both
countries, which are due to prepare news reports and features about the life
of the people of Zimbabwe and Soviet Union. Each agency will render assis—
tance to visiting newsmen as well as provide them with printed and film
material. Mr (Matthews) said the agreement ushers in a new phase in
strengthening relations between the two countries, as Zimbabwe takes its
place among the community of the progressive world. [Text] [Harare Domes-
tic Service in English 1115 GMT 4 Mar 85 MB]

cso: 3400/717 END

118


JPRS-SSA- 85-024

22 March 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Briefs
PIGADD Established 1

BENIN

AFP Reports Party Congress To Be Held Soon
(AFP, 5 Mar 85) seceeceececcecsvcnccerscsecsereccuberesses 2

BOTSWANA

Bilateral Relations Discussed With Lesotho
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 13 Feb 85) wesecaceseeereseercevesce 3

Chinese Doctors Expected Soon
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 12 Feb 85) sesvesccccsecveceeseseres 4

Seminar Examines Economic Situation
(Molefe Mmamapllo; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 21 Feb 85) veveeee 5

New Industries To Open Soon in Selebi-Phikwe
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 21 Feb 85) seveesececeeecereeeseeees 7

Nwako Says BDP Unity Firm, Other Issues
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 20 Feb 85) ssesveveeceeeceneeeseeres 9

Positive Assessment of Country's Economy ,
(THE STAR, 20 Feb 85) secceeecescccccsevcenvesevesssresees 11

Kgabo Warns Public Servants Defectors
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 12 Feb 85) ssscecseecesececerseeeues 12

Rifkind's Statements on SA's Threats to Neighboring Countries
(Jowitt Mbongwe; BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 7 Feb 85) sssseeeeee 13

Botswana Cattle Producers Experiencing Difficulties

(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 11 Feb 85) ..cceceeessecevenes 15

-ac-



3400/727

that law drastically cur-
tails the powers of the
court to interfere with
passport control officers.

To prove their point,
the lawyers have sup-
plied the two Cabinet
Ministers with copies of
letters they wrote to po-
lice stations in the Low-
veld concerning the de-
tention of many people.

Some of them have al-
ready been repatriated to
Mozambique, despite
having pointed out their
homes and relatives to
the South African Police.

Some are said to be

still in detention.
@ Mr Samuel Ziva Ngo-
mane, suspected of being
in South Africa illegally,
was arrested at a hostel
in Barberton by Sergeant
Drake in October 1983.

He was said to have
been detained at Barber-
ton for some days and the
following month taken to
a farm to work.

Mr Ngomane, a miner
at the time of his arrest
and holder of a South
African reference book,
was later transferred to
another farm where he
earned less than half his
mine wages.

He has since been re-
patriated to Mozambique.
‘@ Mr James Qhibi is said
to be held at Kanyama-
zane police station near
Nelspruit in the KaNg-
wane homeland.

He was detained in
January and family and
lawyers have repeatedly
been refused permission
to see him.

He has not been taken
to court to face charges.
@ Mr Joseph Khonjwa
was said to have been ar-
rested at Komatipoort
early in December 1984
and is now said to be de-
tained at Nelspruit police
station in the cells.

He has not been
charged.

The lawyers say police
have tried to ward off all
legal representation for
the detainees, and have
actually opened a docket
against a lawyer said to
have interfered with offi-
cials by trying to help de-
tainees,

The lawyers are asking
the Government for a
commission of inquiry.

They call on all human
rights movements to ad-
dress themselves to the
plight of the illegals.

102


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ALAN PATON WRITES ON BOTHA, MANDELA
MB030836 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 3 Mar 85 p 20
{By Alan Paton]

[Text] Mandela. A strange thought came to me while I was thinking about
Mandela.

It has been black men who have made the great political speeches of my life--
Luthuli, Mathews, Sobukwe, and Mandela.

There was only one white exception, and that was J. H. Hofmeyr, but he be-
longed to the pre-modern age.

All the others belong to the modern age, which for me began in 1948, when
the Afrikaner Nationalists came to power.

Not one of the nationalists ever made a great political speech--that is, of
course, in my opinion--but what they did do was to create the opportunity for
the great speeches of Luthuli, Mathews, Sobukwe, and Mandela.

There is only one nationalist politician who has come near to making a great
political speech, and that is P, W. Botha.

Whether he will ever succeed in making one, I don't know.
He still has a long way to go, and he hasn't got a lot of time to make it.

He is 69 years of age. He is a little older than Mandela, who this year will
be 67.

A short while ago P. W. Botha "stunned the house" by offering Mandela his
freedom, after 21 years in prison.

It was something that his two precedessors, Verwoerd and Vorster, would, and
could, never have done.

Our state president undoubtedly considered the matter very carefully and con-.

sulted his closest colleagues. Then he made his offer. He would free Mandela
if he renounced violence.

62


Armando Nhabanga told us: "Usually, a group of five fled with the stolen
items and the people that had been abducted; while a group of 10 remained

on the site, in order to cover the departure of the others and to distract
the FRELIMO troops with shots. Those in front had to rum fast and later wait
for the others at a combined location. That was how we operated."

After all those activities, Armando Nhabanga received the mission of going to
Incoluane to carry out a reconnaissance of the site, because it was the
bandits' intention to move their camp, heading for that area.

"We wanted a place where there would be no FRELIMO troops. I remained in
Palmeira for a week, rejoining the militia members there, because I was
already well known in the area and there were no.problems. There were no
suspicions, because I claimed to have been away visiting my relatives."

Armando Nhabanga, who was still taking drugs which he received at the time
that he left the camp, decided to continue with his reconnaissance work.

For this purpose, he wrapped his militiaman's equipment in newspapers and
started traveling outside the paths, locating the positions of our forces and
seeking a site that might be appropriate for the construction of an armed
bandits' camp.

His capture took place when, in the vicinity of Ilha Josina Machel, he entered
a house to ask for water to drink. It was the house of a militiaman who,
suspecting the package, searched the bandit. The career of another criminal
ended in this way.

BA's Attack Bus and Murder Four People

Four persons were killed and 34 were wounded when armed bandits attacked a
passenger bus last Saturday at the Tavira station located between the
areas of Maluana and Esperanca, in the district of Manhica.

According to a source from the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Mozambique
(FPLM), 31 of the wounded were evacuated to the Central Hospital in Maputo
and the other three were confined in the Manhica District Hospital.

The. attack took place about 1300 hours on Saturday, when the bus of the
Oliveiras Transportation Enterprise was returning from the city of Maputo,
arriving from Chibuto, in Gaza Province.

The Tavira station is less than 10 kilometers from Maluana, a locality in 1
which, on 2 January, armed bandits attacked a bus of the same enterprise
filled with passengers, murdering 23 persons, including women, aged people i
and children.

On that same day, another bus was ambushed by the bandits in the locality of
Taninga, also in the district of Manhica. In this latest ambush, four
passengers were murdered.

2909

cso: 3442/176

48



CSO:

state that if a mixed couple lived
more than a certain distance, say
20km, from the nearest coloured
school, their children would be
allowed, by special permit, to at-
tend the nearest suitable white
provincial school,-he speculated.

The select committee will also
have to consider where mixed
couples will live, what public
amenities they will use, the race
classification of couples and
their children and where mixed
couples will vote,

In terms of the Group Areas

Act, which makes provision for.

mixed marriages before the
apartheid era, a white who mar-
ries a black is classified as black

and lives in a black group area.’

A white who marries a coloured
becomes coloured and lives in a
coloured group area.

This arrangement is regard-
ed by people of colour as a gross
insult as it implies that a white
person is sullied by marrying out
of his race group and must step
down a notch in the social scale.

3400/726

97

‘Grey areas’

A possible compromise in-
volving a permit system or “grey
areas” could be arrived at. :

The Separate Amenities Act
and Liquor Act will also have
to be examined to determine
whether mixed couples could
use, for example, segregated cin-
emas and hotels.

On the issue of race ‘classifij
cation, the committee will havd
to determine whether a mixed
couple could both retain their:
previous classifications or
whether they should be reclas-
sified. It will also have to des
termine whether their children
automatically become coloured. |

The committee would also
have to determine where a
mixed couple should exercise
their municipal and parliamen-
tary voting rights.

For example, if a white man
Marries, a coloured woman and
they receive a permit to live in
Houghton, would the man be able
to vote in local white elections
while his wife voted in coloured
elections in another area?



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

MERGER OF ERITREAN GROUPS REPORTED

Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Feb 85 p 6

[Text] The three Eritrean groups which signed the Jeddah agreement in January

cso:

1983 finally announced in Khartoum on January 24 after particularly
difficult negotiations that they had merged completely. The ELF-PLF of
Osman Saleh SABEH, the ELF-Revolutionary Council of Abdallah IDRISS and
the ELF-Revolutionary Committee of Abdelkader JELLANI will in future be
known as the Eritrean Liberation Front-Unified Organisation.

The differences which were preventing the successful conclusion of the
negotiations which had started on December 3, relating to the leagership
of the front's military wing, were finally resolved by the establishment
of a tripartite military committee with representatives of all three of
the front's components. This dashed the hopes of Osman SABEH's group of
taking sole control of the front's armed forces, and ELF=-PLF military
chief Ahmed JASSER will have to get along with Hussein KHALIFA from the
ELF-Revolutionary Council and Adan SALEH from the Revolutionary Committee
as the other members of the triumvirate.

The executive committee, the supreme body of the unified front, is
headed by Osman Saleh SABEH, assisted by Abdallah IDRISS and Abdelkader
JELLANI, in that order, as his vice-presidents. The department of

external relations has been given to Saleh IYAY and that'of. information

to Mohamed SAID Nawoud. In all, the executive has 15 members, five from
each of the three groups. On the lines of the Palestine Liberation
Organisation, the new front also has a national council, chaired by
Yohanes ZEREH Mariam, a Christian, who was vice president of the
ELF-Revolutionary Council. The front announced its intention to call a
general congress in a year's time.

I.0.N.- This agreement, reached under pressure from Saudi Arabia and

i Les in clashes on January 1 and 3 between
the forces of Osman SABEH and Abdallah IDRISS, is a success for
Riyadh, whose aim is to create a_front capable of counterbalanecing the
influence of the EPLF, the only organisation with combattante actually
in Eritrea, which the Saudis judge too Marxist-oriented.

Given the EPLF's determination not to let any other armed group
establish itself in the province, more fighting can be expected
between the two rival branches of the Eritrean resistance in the
months to come. : .

For its part, on January 30 the Ethiopian government took to task
Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Iraq and Morocco, accusing them all ina
communique from the foreign ministry of giving support to "Eritrean
secessionists",

3400/688
22


JPRS-SSA~85-024
22 March 1985

CAMEROON

ANGLOPHONES FEEL NEGLECTED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Feb 85 p 8

[Text] Cameroun: The Anglophone Factor. Tension is growing in English-
speaking western Cameroun. The region's 2m-plus anglophones, especially
the educated youth, are becoming impatient with the lack of fundamental
change since President Paul Biya replaced Ahmadou Ahidjo at the end of 1982,
Traditionally the region has been neglected. The ruling United National
Camerounaise (UNC) Congress, now due to be held in Bamenda next month (AC
Vol 25 No 25), will provide the opportunity for the Anglophones to air their
grievances,

The senior anglophone policitian is 73-year-old Solomon Tandung Muna, presi-
dent of the national assembly. Once an MP in Nigeria, he was instrumental in
ousting in 1970 the nationalist leader John Ngu Foncha who resisted the
creation of a unitary state. (Funcha's post as vice president was abolished).
With the recent decline of Muna's health in recent times, he has lost influ-
ence. He might retire after the UNC congress. Another longstanding anglo-
phone politician, Emmanuel Tabi Egbe, a British-trained lawyer, whom Biya
shuffled out of the cabinet to the largely honorary post of “roving ambassa-
dor", is also reported to be ill.

In the cabinet, no anglophone has a significant portfolio. Of the 28 minis-
ters, only four are from Western Cameroun: Dr Victory Anomah Ngu (public
health), Benjamin Itoe (transport), Joseph Chongwan Awunti (state inspector-
ate and administrative reform) and Michael Tabang Kima (mines and energy).
Three anglophones are vice ministers: Salomon Nfor Gwie (agriculture) ,
Dorothy Njeuma (education) and Michael Namaya (commerce and industry).
Biya's immediate entourage appears to exclude anglophones: the senior ranks
of the armed forces are also practically devoid of them; so is the business
community, where few anglophones can compete with Bamileke commercants or
northern hommes d'affaires. In the 12-man UNC politburo there are three
anglophones: Mouna, Egbe and Peter Nsakwa Nji. Two of them will probably
retire, leaving the way open for Michael Tabang Kima to join the politburo,

The country is officially bilingual, but without a perfect mastery of French
it is practically impossible to have a good career in the state administra-
tion, The 2m or so anglophones, just under a quarter of the total popula~

tion, feel they are second-class citizens. This cultural question provides

18


BLACK LAWYERS UNHAPPY OVER BORDER ARRESTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Feb 85 p 11

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text]

Police have been accused
of arresting many blacks
near the border of South
Africa and Mozambique
and then repatriating
them under immigration
laws.

The charge is levelled
in a memo sent to the
Ministers of Justice and
Home Affairs.

The memo was sent by
a group of South African
black lawyers and the
charge, if true, could
have far-reaching impli-
cations.

The group, the Black
Lawyers’ Association,
bitterly complains about
what it calls the appall-
ing erosion of the basic
and fundamental rights
to civilian freedom and
liberty, and the great in-
justice with impunity in

Nelspruit and surround-

ing areas.

The South African Po-
lice say people believed
to be illegal immigrants
are detained on a war-
rant.

If investigations show
the people to be illegally
resident in the country, a
court issues repatriation
orders.

But the lawyers say

placks are arrested and
kept at police stations for
unreasonably long
periods without access to
the courts.

The practice, say the
lawyers, is contrary to
any claim of civilised ad-
ministration of justice
and constitutes a harsh
and blatant undermining
of the universal and fun-
damental human rights
to freedom and liberty.

The lawyers tell Jus-
tice Minister Mr Kobie
Coetzee and Home Af-
fairs Minister Mr F W de
Klerk that a special im-
immigration squad of police
officers has been formed,
certainly from Nelspruit
police station, which goes
around on a hunt for pro-
hibited immigrants.

The squad is said to
bring into Eastern Low-
veld police stations even
innocent people from
Reef townships.

The police are criti-
cised for allegedly refus-
ing to allow visits to de-
tainees by relatives and
lawyers, except in the
presence of the officers
who arrested them.

101

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

The usual story is said
to be that the officers are
away in Johannesburg or
on the Reef.

The lawyers’ memo
states: “There is, to the
extent that we have es-
tablished, no basis in law
(the Admission of Per-

‘sons to the Republic Act) .

for denying these people
access to families, rela-
tives and legal represen-
tatives.

“It may very well be
easy to dismiss the mat-
ter by saying that in such
an event the courts of
law are open to detainees
to enforce rights.

“The fact is that there
are at least two major
and insurmountable hur-
dies”,

@ The first hurdle is that
all the detainees are
black and very poor.

In contrast, say the
lawyers, not a white per-
son has to date been de-
tained in the Lowveld po-
lice stations as an illegal
immigrant, leading to the
conclusion that the law is
therefore pertinently
being used here as an in-
strument for the perpe-
tration of racial injustice.
@ The second hurdle is



The next hurdle for parties was to find 3,000 supporters from all parts of. the
country. As registered members of a particular party, their names would be
presented to Secom. In order to acquire support, a certain amount of compaign-
ing is obviously needed. Yet government agents, in the name of Decree 88A,
have continued to harass opposition activists, preventing in many cases ef-
fective campaigning. For instance, three UPP workers were arrested in Nimba
county merely for distributing leaflets.

Doe's party, the National Democratic Party of Liberia (NDPL) has meanwhile
had its 3,000 names approved by Secom, despite the most serious charge of im-
proper procedure by NDPL; many of the 3,000 names appear to have been selected
from the electoral roll without consulting the individuals, a number of whom
protested verbally and in writing that they were not members of NDPL. Secom's
credibility, always dubious, is now almost irreversably tarnished.

Secom's chairman, Emmett Harman, has been absent for much of the time, leav~
ing the vice-chairman, Albert White (a former chief of staff under Tubman)
in nominal charge. White, who comes from Doe's county, Grard-Gedeh, was re-
placed last month by NDPL member David Gbala, a brother of Bai Gbala (who is
close to Doe). Before assuming his new office, David Gbala was a regional
NDPL head. The removal of white for "administrative reasons" was contrary to
Decree No 75 and entirely against the spirit of anything resembling a "free"
electoral process. What is more, the government has now made county super-
intendents members of NDPL whether they like it or not.

Other notable events are:
-~-The banning of UPP last month for no substantiated reasons.

--The defection to NDPL of one of UPP's main organisers, Oscar Quiah. (The
government has now dropped various legal charges against him).

-~The sacking of professional people in private and public sector posts. if
they are sympathetic to the opposition. Los

--The closing by the government of the one relatively independent newspaper,
the Observer. (The news sheet, Footprints, is now the only independent pub-
lication still circulating).

~-The disqualification by Secom of many of LAP's 3,000 names.

--The refusal by Secom, presumably on the orders of the Executive Mansion, to
continue LPP's registration process until LPP leader Amos Sawyer provides
evidence that the 1983 constitutional committee (of which he was chairman)
was properly audited, even though legally there is no requirement that a party
should be affected because an individual member of it is subject to charges
unrelated to the party itself.

-~An attempt to burn down Sawyer's house last week.

30



JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

NORTH KOREA TO HELP FUND PEOPLE'S CO-OPS IN CHITUNGWIZA
Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] The Democratic People's Republic of Korea has agreed to help fund co-~
operative projects in Chitungwiza, says the town's deputy chief executive of-
ficer and co-ordinator of co-operatives, Ms Beryl Odinga.

She said the DPRK had agreed to fund a factory for producing military uniforms,
work clothes and embroidered clothes for women and children.

The co-operatives would provide labour, buildings and working capital and the
Koreans would provide machines, instruments, technical knowhow and technicians.

The DPRK had also agreed to fund a farm for producing eggs, chickens and fish.
The land and buildings and a maize production section, with enough water cap-
ital and labour, would be provided by the council's registered co-operatives
while the Koreans would supply technicians, farming equipment and technical
advice.

Marketing of the produce would be done through a commercial centre. According
to reliable sources, the co-operatives would be registered by the council.

Salaries of the co-operative members would be paid from the income generated
from the marketed products. Estimated figures such as investments, outputs,
management, income and profits would be given subject to approval by the Gov-
ernment.

Ms-Odinga said 43 co=operatives had registered.

CSO: 3400/705

111



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOMALIA

MILITARY DEAL ALLEGED WITH PRETORIA

Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Feb 85 p2

[Text] A recent communique from the London office of the Somali National

cso:

Movement, one of the Ethiopian-based opposition groups, gave details of
what it said were military cooperation agreements between Mogadishu and
Pretoria arising out of the recent talks between Somali president Mohamed
SIAD Barre and South African foreign minister Roelof 'Pik' BOTHA.

The communique said that apart from granting South African Airways
landing rights at Somalia's three principal air orts, of Mogadishu,
Kismayo and Berbera, the Somalis offered the South African navy "military
facilities" in the ports of Kismayo and Berbera. The SNM said it was not
known if the South Africans would be stationing personnel in the Somali
ports.

Additionally, Somalia agreed to sell South Africa eight MiG-21
fighters, grounded for lack of spare parts.

In return, South Africa was said to have agreed to provide Somalia
with large quantities of Soviet-manufactured weaponry, including tanks,
captured in Mozambique and Angola, as well as spare parts and ammunition
flor_ten Hawker Hunter aircraft recently supplied to Somalia by the United

ror _ten Hawker Hunter aircraft
Arab Emirates.

South Africa also allegedly undertook to pay ten white mercenaries,
former officers of the Rhodesian air force, who were already in Somali
helping to train Somali pilots and technicians, as well as taking part in
air raids in the north of the country, the main field of operations by
the SNM.

The communique added that the South African foreign minister's visit
to Mogadishu was preceded by a visit to South Africa last April by
lieutenant-general Mohamed Ali SAMATAR, Somalia's first vice-president
and minister for defence, and one the following October by the Somali
ambassador to Kenya.

3400/688

54


JPRS-SSA- 85-0:
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

EASTERN HIGHLAND SET FOR RECORD TEA CROP
Harare THE HERALD in English 19 Feb 85 p 3

{Text] The Eastern Highlands is expecting a record tea crop this year, says
an Agritex crop and livestock report.

The problem tea farmers face will be finding enough labour for the picking.

With most other crops the main problem confronting farmers has been the per-
sistent rain, says the report, which is for late January and early February,
and thus does not take into account the sunshine of the last week.

The report says the rains played havoc with maize, cotton and tobacco during
late January and early February, and that a fortnight of sunshine was needed.

In Mashonaland Central, barn rot had been reported in Mazowe's virginia to-
bacco as the reaping of the irrigated crop was almost completed. Bush top
had been noticed on late planted burley tobacco.

Though cotton was in good condition bottom bolls were being affected by the
rain.

Trypanosomiasis was rife in the north-east of the province, but otherwise
livestock were in fairly good condition.

Virginia tobacco leaves were ripening in rain leading to losses compounded by
lack of curing space to cope with reaping. Burley tobacco was lodging and
barn rot rife amid white mould on all crops.

Maize had been affected with leaching, wet feet and lodging, but sorghum and
mhunga were promising the best crop in 10 years.

There had been leaching of nutrients in coffee crop fields and there had been
berry crop due to squeeze. Preventive spraying had been rendered ineffective
by the rain.

In the Midlands, uneven virginia tobacco ripening had been noticed due to hu-

mid conditions, and barn turnover had been a problem. Farmers were experienc-
-ing oriental tobacco curing difficulties because of humid and overcast weather.

108


BANK OF LISBON PLANS MORTGAGE-BOND SCHEME

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by Malcolm Fothergill]

[Text] THE 3ANK of Lisbon is push-
ing -on apace with plans to
start;a participation mort-
gage-pond scheme with which
it hoyes to secure a “substan-
tial slice” of the R2 billion-a-

. year market.

Its plans have been ap-
proyed by the Registrar of Fi-
nangial Institutions and a

- company, Lisabond Manage-
j ment (Pty) Ltd, has been set
: upto manage the scheme.
ithe managing director of
the -bank, Dr DF Marques,
says it is not yet possible to
s¢t a starting date for the
scheme, but it will be soon.

Clientele demand

| “Most commercial and in-
justrial developments these
ays are financed by partici-
‘pation mortgage-bond
chemes. The Bank of Lisbon
feels there is a demand from
lits clientele for this facility,
¢ which complements a com-
‘ mercial bank's activities.

“Obviously we won’t cap-
ture a substantial slice of the
market overnight, but we
have set our targets and we
aim to get there.”

As with other similar
schemes, investors’ funds will
be locked in for five years and
may then be withdrawn on
three months’ notice.

“An attraction not often ap-
preciated is that after five
years the investors’ money is
effectively on three months’

cso: 3400/730

call, at a high rate of inter-
est.”

Lisabond’s valuations will
be done initially by an outside
firm of professional valuers.

“In most cases we will ad-
vance only two-thirds of a
conservative valuation, so in-
vestors will be fully protect-

The big players

Dr Marques believes the
Bank of Lisbon, which this
year celebrates its 20th anni-
versary ‘as a commercial
bank in South Africa, will be
well placed to attract partici-
pation mortgage-bond busi-
ness through its 24 outlets.

The biggest players in the
participation mortgage-bond
market at the moment are Sy-
frets and Secured __Invest-
ments, both in the Nedbank
stable, which between them
control about 50 percent of
the market. The Standard
Bank’s Stanbond controls just
over a quarter and Barclay-
bond about 12 percent of the
market.

The balance is held by
smaller schemes including
Hill Samuel, Metboard and
the Board of Executors.

Dr Marques says the Bank of
Lisbon’s plans to go for a list-
ing on the Johannesburg Stock
Exchange in the ‘‘rst quarter
of this year have been put on
ice until the “dismal condi-
tions” in the economy and on
the JSE have improved.

72

JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-02
22 March 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

SELF-SUFFICIENCY COULD BE ACHIEVED--Ghana can be self-sufficient in food if
farmers and food dealers will stop collaborating with smugglers to smuggle
food items to other countries. Speaking at a meeting with food dealers at
Bolgatanga, Mr. Simon Abingya, Upper East Regional Under Secretary in charge
of operations said the PNDC recognises the role farmers and dealers are
playing to meet the requirements of the consumer. However, he said, the gov-
ernment is alarmed at the rate at which food items, notably maize are being
smuggled outside the country. ‘The Under Secretary said reports teaching his
office indicated that some dealers have been helping middlemen and smugglers

to smuggle maize across the borders and advised them to desist from such prac~
tices. Mr. Abingya therefore asked the dealers to ensure that their activ-
ities are properly organised and monitored. He made it clear that the maize
purchasing and evacuation exercise currently going on in the region is not
intended to disrupt their operations and should therefore desist from hoard-
dng. On complaints of harassment and extortion of money by the security agents,
Mr Abingya said the dealers should also be blamed for encouraging corrupt prac-
tices which are against the aims of the revolution, He assured them that the
Regional Administration is prepared to support and encourage their operations
provided they do genuine business. [Text] [Article by Iddrisu Seini] [Accra
PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 6 Feb 85 pp 1, 4]

MAPPING NEW DRILLING LOCATIONS--M/V Aquantic, an off-shore survey vessel be-
longing to the Primary Fuels Ghana Incorporated which took over Agri~Petco
of Ghana Incorporated is expected to berth at the Tema Harbour very soon to
record and map three new drilling locations in the Saltpond Oil fields. A
statement from the Ministry of Fuel and Power yesterday said the survey work
is in preparation fot the arrival of the jack-up rig "The Trident 7" in
Ghanaian water towards the end of February this year. Already one of the two
supply vessels, the MV Petromar General, contracted to service the drilling rig
has berthed at the harbour. The Ministry of Fuel and Power requests the co-
operation of all agencies Ghana Ports Authority Customs Department, Land
Survey Department, Civil Aviation Department and others in Tema and Accra as
well as the people of Apama, Elmina and Saltpond where surveyors are setting
up navigational equipment, to ensure efficient progress of this project.
[Text] [Acera PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 8 Feb 85 p 1]

24


legal

Added to this is Dr Niljoen's assur-
ance that the removal of ‘illegal
squatters’ would continue and his
failure even to mention the two big-
pest categories of resettled people —
‘displaced farmworkers’ and urban
People whose townships have been
‘abolished’ or allowed to degenerate +
into slums.

Trac and other groups involved in
the 1983 Surplus People Project
(SPP) have updated their estimates

.. of resettlement and planned resettle-
ment which reveal that even if all
black spot and homeland consolida-
tion removals are suspended, more
thai 500000 people still face the
threat.

It is not known how many people
can hope to ve affected by Dr vil
joen’s suspension of forced removals.

‘ither way, as long as it is a mere
suspension, and qualified at that,
1858 865 people still face the threat,
according to the SPP figures.

The problem is that the farm re-
movals, while being the largest sin.
gle category, are the most difficult to’
estimate. The SPP reckoned they ac-
counted for 1,13-million of the 3,5-
million people moved between 1962
and 1982.

It is not known how many still face
removal, but one estimate puts it at
well over 500 000.

Trac fears that the government
will, for the time being, continue to
concentrate on farm removals, part-
ly because they are the most difficult
to observe — involving as they doa
family or two at a time — ang partly
because they meet with the least '
resistance,

.. Since the abolition of labour ten-
ancy in the early Seventies and the”
introduction of quotas of black farm
labourers on white farmland, tens of
thousands of black families have be-
come vulnerable to eviction and
prosecution for trespass.

The result is widespread removals
that don’t look like removals — thou-
sands of people desperately (volun-
tarily!) seeking homes and suste-
mance wherever they might hope to
find it — Onverwacht, Kwandebele,
Winterveld, Hartebeesfontein. The
van der Walt option.

Their numbers are expanded by
the thousands of people who simply
no longer qualify to live in the scores
of ‘locations’ throughout the countr
which are ‘abolished’, “deproclaimed’
or ‘disestablished’,

Others, such as Leandra and Hu-
hudi were allowed to decay to the
point that the resultant health and

jousing crisis meant ‘development’
could only take place somewhere
else — such as in a homeland.

3400/724

Those pathetic metropolises of
squalor are increasing in number,
too: work continues at resettlement
sites ‘such as Oshoek on the Ka-
ngwane border, Onderstepoort near
Sun City, Waaihock in Natal.

Originally planned for the resett-
Jement of black spot communities
that have so far resisted their re-
moval, such as Valspan, Kwangema,
Driefontein, Mathopestad, Vaalkop
and Matiwaneskop, they are now be-
ing earmarked for Mr van der Walt’s

. ‘displaced farmworkers’.

Probably the most visible and ir-
minent test of the meaning.of Dr
Viljoen’s commitment to suspend
forced removals is the case of Drie-
fontein and Kwangema in the East-_
ern Transvaal.

Death

Both communities, virtually next
door to each other, have been in the
international eye, Driefontein be-
cause of the death of community
leader Mr Saul Mkhize at the hands
of the police, Kwangema because it
was raised by European leaders
when Mr P W Botha toured overseas
last year. The Kwangema commun-
ity had written to Britain’s Queen
Elizabeth and Prime Minister Mar-
garet Thatcher Getailing their plight.

Dozens of families in both commu-
nities are threatened by the risin
level of the Heyshope dam and will
have to move somewhere.

But they constitute a black spot,
and to resettle them permanent)
anywhere other than on South Afri-
can Development Trust (govern-
ment-owned) land for later incor-
poration into a homeland would
constitute a genuine reprieve.

The communities are asking for
land in the same area and maintain
there is plenty available. If the gov-
ernment agrees, it could provide the
direction and the hope for hundreds
of thousands of people caught up in
the guessing game of their future.

Important as it is, though, field-
workers warn that the public eye
should not be diverted from the
plight of the thousands who face ‘hid-
den removal’.

Mr van der Walt gave them the
pointer in that same reassuring
speech to Dr Hartzenberg in Parlia-
ment; “Before Onverwacht came
into being, the white to non-white
ratio on white farms in the Free
State was 1:15. :

“As a result of the fact that people
have moved voluntarily to Onver-
wacht . ..'at the moment the ratio is
1:13. Is this not something that has
been achieved? This kind of thing is
not mentioned in reports in respect
of removals, because the people go
there voluntarily.”


| JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA

SEMINAR EXAMINES ECONOMIC SITUATION
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 21 Feb 85 pp 1, 2
[Article by Molefe Mmamapllo]

[Text] Gaborone, February 18: The Executive Secretary of the Southern African
Trade Union Co-ordination Council (SATUCC), Mr Chakufwa Chihana said the
SATUCC seminar on socio-economic and employment policies in SADCC countries
held at Oasis Motel, has exhaustively discussed and examined the socio-economic
situation in the region. It also expressed concern on the devastating drought
that has ravaged the region in the past half decade.

Mr Chihana told the press conference held at BFIU Centre this week that the
seminar noted that dependence on multi-national corporations to develop these
countries an economic strategy that encourages stagnation.

He said a more desirable strategy should be human-oriented social dimension,
Mr Chihana felt that specific emphasis should be given to the people. He said
more importantly there is an urgent need for SADCC governments to arrest the
spiralling cost of living.

The seminar also noted that "market forces" alone would not bring about solu-
tions to the current economic crisis or conflicts between social groups within
SADCC states.

He said SADCC governments should have to take positive steps to encourage
growth and reduce inflation. Public investment as a stimulus to employment
creation and development was an important policy conclusion for this region.

He said other proposals are measures such as incomes and prices policies,
an emphasis on training and redeployment of labour, and a redistribution of
taxation and social security benefits.

There was a grave danger that the pessimistic forecast for the latter half of
the 1980s would prove true if governments were not prepared to take co-
ordinated measures for expansion.

Mr Chihana said the longer the economic crisis lasted, the harder it would
be to reflate the SADCC economies. At the moment, the physical capital stock



THREE NIC MEN SENTENCED FOR SUPPORTING ANC

Durban POST NATAL in English 20-23 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Daya Pillay]

[Text]

CSO: 3400/666

THREE Natal Indian Congress activ-
ists were found guilty in a Durban Re-
gional Court yesterday of conspiring to
further the aims of the banned African
National Congress.

Sundrasagren Thevar, 29, his broth-
er Manogran Thevar, 21, and Miss
Tholsiamah Pillay, 22, of Merebank
were arrested at a police roadblock on
the eve of the House of Delegates elec-
tions in August last year and were
found with letters threatening sup-
porters of election candidates.

Sundrasegran Thaver, a computer
operator, was sentenced to two years’
imprisonment of which 18 months was
suspended for five years; his broth-
er Manogran to 18 months’ imprison-
ment, suspended for five years; and
Miss Pillay, a university student, to
12 months’ imprisonment suspended
for five years. é

The magistrate, Mr MS Knox, said
he took into consideration that Sun-
drasegran Thaver was employed, had
no previous convictions and was a con-
cerned community worker. Not one of
the three were members of the ANC,
Mr Knox said.

They were only guilty of conspiring
to further the aims of the ANC. Their
actions were on the spur of the mo-
ment.

Sundrasegran Thevar, however, was
the father of the ideas and could have
had an influencing effect on the other
two, said the magistrate.

Counsel for the defence, Mr George
Bizos, said an appeal against Sundrasa-
igren Thevar’s sentence would be
lodged.

73

JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



DUTCH SHIPPING LINE SIGNS DRY DOCK CONTRACT

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 15 Feb 85 p 5

[Text ]

South African Transport
Services have signed
Durban harbour’s first
drydocking contract

‘under the new discount

CSO:

system with the Dutch
shipping company,
Necilloyd.

This means that
through the year, Ned-
loyd: are to have five of
their vessels serviced in
South African dry docks
with.a discount being of-
fered on the service ona
sliding scale.

Their first ship will
be charged the full rate,
with the discount vary-
ing from a five percent
reduction in costs on the
second to a 25 percent
discount on the last ship.

The minimum gross
tonnage of ships eligi-
ble for the scheme is
30000 tons and both
Nedlioyd’s Amstel
Voorn! (65 000 tons) and

3400/730

Saocean Mildura (36 000
tons) qualify. But the
three others, Nedlloyd
Kimberley, Nedlloyd
Kembla and Nedlloyd
Kingston are all 22 000-
tonners but will be
charged as 30000-ton
ships. .

SATS announced this
cut-price scheme in July
last year to attract
more business to Dur-
ban harbour and it was
generally welcomed by
Durban's shipping fra-
ternity as an attempt to
attract foreign ships,
particularly non-liner
vessels, that pass South
African ports.

“The reason there has’
been such a delay be-
tween the original sign-
ing and this the first
signed contract is that

one had to allow time
for shipping companies
to adjust their sched-
ules. In most cases the
company has had to
wait until the end of
their sailing programme
before they could maxi-
mise this discount
Scheme,” said Durban's
port director, Captain
Peter Cox.

He said that now
Nedlloyd had signed he
hoped others would
come forward and uti-
lise the scheme.

Two similar contracts
have been signed in
Cape Town involving
eight Safmarine ships as
well as five US Line
vessels,

The chairman of the
Shipbuilding and Ship-
repairs Association, Mr

79

JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Dick Jenkins said at the
time of the announce-
ment this was proof that

SATS was doing its ut-

most to reduce dry-
docking tariffs to attract
owners to use Durban
facilities.



UPKS- SSA" 6I-UL4
22 March 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

PIGADD ESTABLISHED--A Permanent Inter-governmental Authority on Drought and
Development in east Africa (PIGADD), was officially formed in Djibouti on
February 6 after a conference of ministers from six countries in the region,
Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda. [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN
NEWSLETTER in English 9 Feb 85 p 3]

CSO: 3400/688



JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

DIPLOMAT ON DRUG’ CHARGES--A Zambian diplomat in London was remanded in custody
today on charges connected with the smuggling of 2 kg of heroin into Britain.
The 27-year-old Godfrey Lubinga, third secretary at Zambia's London high
commission, appeared before a magistrate's court charged with being illegaly
concerned with the importation of the drug. Zambia agreed to lift Lubinga's
immunity at the request of the British Government. He appears in court again
on 15 March. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 7 Mar 85]

CsO: 3400/743

107



cso:

ment in any de jure form, we had a
de facto standing as leaders of the
community.

When the reprieve was won we
still refused to accept the status of
community council for the reasons
mentioned above. Instead we fought
for the status of a fully-fledged muni-
cipality

‘As the (Soweto) Committee of Ten
had done in 1975, we drew up a blue-
print which we presented to the gov-
ernment. What needs to be stressed
is that the blueprint of the Commit-
tee of Ten and our blueprint were
drawn up a long time before the so-
called ‘new dispensation’. When the
new constitution was introduced, the
government incorporated those
ideas into the ‘new dispensation’,
‘knowing them to be acceptable to
black leaders.

Adulterate

What they did was to adulterate
our plan, to all intents and
purposes the blueprints were fully
acce] ‘save for one or two minor
Poin For instance, we recommen-

that the final authority should lie
with the Administrator of the pro-
vince, as it does in the.case of white
local authorities, but: government
made it lie with the Minister.

Nevertheless, we felt the body to

3400/724

be a legitimate one for it was one
that we had engineered. For that
reason, it should not be seen as part
of the ‘new dispensation’.

It is a legitimate black idea that
emerged from Soweto and Alexan-

ra,

However, we do not consider it to
be the answer. We realise that we do
not have the resources to run these
areas at the moment, but this should
not stop black intellectuals — people
who understand, who have the exper-
tise a to assist in making it mean-

ingfu . .

liberation struggle should be
seen as having different levels. I do
not view my activities as a limited
parochial liberation only but as an
essential part of the total liberation
of South Africa. For that reason I do
not wish to stand in opposition to any
other liberation group involved in
this struggle, nor do I wish to com-

77

" reconciliation which should

pete or enter into combat with such
movements.

At the national level, I repeat my
plea to those so-called ‘urban black’
community leaders and ‘homeland’
leaders who have been invited to
discussions — be they on Cabinet
committee level or on the level of the
new non-statutory forum — not to
fall into the trap of consciously or
unconsciously propa ating and pro-
moting the policy of apartheid.

1 strongly reiterate my plea for

coup-
Jed with the unconditional release of
all political prisoners, amnesty to all
political exiles, the unbanning of the
‘African National Congress, Pan,
Africanist Congress and other
banned political movements, so that’
‘Nelson Mandela and others can seek
the mandate of the people to partici-
pate in such discussions. :

‘Liberation

But liberation does not come from
above. It is built in the local commu-
nilies with the followin simple
words: see, act. And a person
who can ad of an old man or old
woman in the street, “What is it that :
you see?” is serving the community
at a local level.

This is what I call the parochial
liberation level. And the local com-
munities cannot be divorced from
the broader movement. That move-
ment comes from the le and
expands to other areas and has an.
umbrella body that co-ordinates the’
whole movement. This will result in
effective liberation in that you have
the masses behind you.

It is no use alienating or margina-
lising some of your le, fighting
some of them by calling them irrele-
vant or stooges. Convince them,
show them the way. :



JPRS-SSA-~85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SOEKOR'S CAPE HQ-~Cape Town--A start is to be made in the next few months on
a new head-office complex for the State-sponsored oil exploration company ,
Soekor, The company is moving from Johannesburg and centralising its oper~
ations at the Cape, for logistical and other reasons. The site acquired for
the new complex is near the Tygerberg Hospital, A Soekor spokesman said the
new head office was scheduled to come into operation in January 1987. The
complex will accommodate between 300 and 400 people. [Text] [Johannesburg
RAND DAILY MAIL in English 20 Feb 85 p 4]

SHIPLOADERS BOOST CAPACITY~~Modifications to two Fives-Cail Babcock ship-
loaders at Richards Bay coal terminal will increase capacity by almost 25%,
says Mr Dick Smith, managing director of Fives-Cail Titaco. Fives-Cail

Titaco is a joint venture between the Johannesburg-based Titaco project engi-
neering company and Fives-Cail Babcock, a French-based international engineer-
ing conglomerate responsible for the supply and installation of the original
Richards Bay shiploaders. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English

19 Feb 85 p 4]

DEMAND FOR HOME GENERATORS~-Increasing demand for TV sets among blacks has led
to a boom in sales of home-generators. Mr Lester Miller, managing director of
the McCarthy group's Kawasaki franchise outlets, which sell home-generators,
says the retail value of the market is R40m to R50m a year--about 55 000 units,
"Although there is some spin-off in the white leisure market, and from demand
for standby power units in smaller retail operations, the major part of our
sales can be attributed to our trade in the black market. "The stimulus pro-
vided by TV has motivated people who are not yet linked to the Escom power
supply to acquire alternative sources of energy. Generator sets are popular
as they are portable, compact and within the means of most consumers." Mr
Miller says research has shown that a demand for luxury items is largely re-
sponsible for the increase in home-generator sales among blacks. "TV sets,
music centres and fridges head the list of sought-after electrical appliances.
Energy for cooking, heating, and lighting is still, to a large extent, derived
from traditional sources such as fossil fuels." [Text] [Johannesburg RAND
DAILY MAIL in English 19 Feb 85 p 4]

103



cso;

“Now we could pack up and go back
but we would rather have written
sanction from the government and we
will stay here until we get it,” said the
chief. :

He believed the problems stemmed
from “the new apartheid laws”.

“We never had laws segregating ev-
erything in the old days. If the govern-
ment would only consider the laws
made by King Edward III in 1910, then
we would have legal right to our prop-
erty. People used to respect our Jand
in the old days.”

On the walls of his home, Chief
Makodi has pasted a number of news-
paper articles on human rights.

le described the government’s
statement that it would suspend
forced removals as “a good sign”. He
hoped it would see his tribe back to
Machaviestad.

He has asked the SACC to investi-
gate the possibility of court action
against the government. But unless
the tribe can provide written title
deeds to the property, court actions
appear to be futile.

their camp near Mmabatho, the
squatters are not allowed to build a
school because they are considered
temporary residents. Instead, the
children are taught.in a corrugated
iron hut, about 6m long and about 4m
wide, with a small window providing
the only light.

The teacher, Mrs Jane Letsape, 63,
does her best to give the children a
basic education. She teaches sub A to
standard four throughout the day.
Paper is an unheard of luxury in her
single classroom and all lessons are

3400/725

88

on chalk slates. .

Despite the gloom, the children are
happy and go through their sums with
enthusiasm. As the lesson ends, they
file out of the class singing their
national anthem, ‘Nkosi Sikele
iAfrika’.

‘The drought has affected the tribe
badly. Of the 250°cattle they had with
them when they moved from Potchef-
stroom, only 20 are still alive. Sheep
and horses have also died.

Deaths

Chief Makodi said the deaths were
something new to them.

“On our own land nothing died be-
cause we had land to graze them on
and water for them to drink. In fair-
ness the government should carry our
losses over the past 14 years -- with
their help we could become self-sup-
porting again.”

The land from which they were
moved has since been mined or sold to
white people. “But we are not worried
about the others — we are quite happy
to share our land with anyone. But we
do want back what is ours.”

Chief Makodi’s mother is 110. Each
day when the sun rises she tells them
how she wants to go back home to
sleep for the last time. Many believe
that she is being kept alive merely by
the hope that one day she will be back
in Machaviestad. Her last wish is to be

” buried next to her ancestors.

“Lately she has been i picking y
strength,’ said Chief Makodi. “It
might bea sign that something good is
going to happen.”


JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INCONSISTENT APPLICATION THREATENING SYSTEM OF POLITICAL CENSORSHIP

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 8

[Article by Arlene Getz]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA’S complex sys-
tem of political censorship is
crumbling under the weight of its
inconsistent application.

Decisions by publications committees
— the first level in the censorship hier-
archy — sometimes contradicted guide-
lines handed down by a higher body,
lawyers who work in the field of publi-
cations contro] claimed this week.

In spite of the five-year-old “age of
enlightenment” introduced by the ap-
pointment of Professor Kobus van
Rooyen to the chairmanship of the Pub-
lications Appeal Board, there was still
no certainty about what was going to be
banned, commented a lawyer.

Most of these anomalies were found
among political works, which were “de-
vastated by an onslaught of censorship”,
he said.

Lawyers complained that only a small
proportion of all banned publications
were the subject of appeal.

This was because anyone had the
right to complain about a publication
but only a confined class of people had

. the right to appeal.

The confined class included the Direc-
torate of Publications, anybody with a

direct financial interest, and the person
who submitted the publication.

A recent study by Mr Gilbert Marcus,
of the University of the Witwatersrand’s
Centre for Applied Legal Studies, found
that between 1976 and 1982 police and
customs officials were responsible for
the submission of 78 to 84 percent of all
publications and objects each year.

Representative mainly of white
values, the identities of committee
members were not disclosed and they
did not have to give reasons for their
decisions.

Committee deliberations were not
open to the public and their decisions
were not publicly accountable.

“Although these committees are
meant to be bound by the guidelines laid
down by the Publications Appeal Board,
there is evidence to suggest that these
guidelines are often disregarded or ig-
nored,” wrote Mr Marcus.

Aproached for comment, the Appeal
Board chairman, Professor Van Rooyen,
agreed there could be cases in which the
committees did not adhere strictly to
the directives of his board.

However, he was satisfied the board’s
new approach had influenced the com-
mittees and that this approach had been
followed “substantially”.

Censorship Scares Black Writers, Says Sepamla

WHEN Sipho Sepamla wrote his first
play his friends told him it would land
him on Robben Island. .

56


The document which details the above figures assumes there will be no further
decline in economic activity, and, among other things, that minerals export-
ers will indeed provide at least $6m per month. But in present circumstances
that is too optimistic.

Consider the following:

--The black market rate for the dollar, far from declining as PMMC and the
government had hoped (AC Vol 25 No 24), has increased to over Leones 9.5 to
the dollar. The fear that Conteh's ideas of a float have been scuppered,
coupled with the growing political instability, ,make up a powerful force be~
hind a high black market rate.

~-The IMF feels that it has to make a firm stand against countries whose
economic performance (for political reasons) is so bad that the IMF itself

is not being repaid. A break in IMF relations with Sudan is imminent.

Rapidly Sierra Leone is becoming a similarly hopeless case. A break in rela-
tions with the IMF would affect catastrophically trade finance and all capital
inflows.

~-Sierra Leonean companies whose products are price-controlled by the govern-
ment, have not been able to reflect the higher price of their foreign pur-
chases (needed to pay for their imports) in their domestic selling prices.
The Sierra Leone Brewery (managed by Seaboard Inc) and Aureol Tobacco, for
example, have had their requests to raise prices refused. The brewery last
month temporarily stopped distributing beer.

--As predicted earlier, PMMC appears to he having difficulties in selling
diamonds independently of De Beers. We understand that PMMC has yet to sell
some of the diamonds from Diminco's October/ November sale. Diminco meanwhile
has been refused further overdraft facilities by Barclays Bank. It is assumed
in Freetown that Jamil's bank, International Bank for Trade & Industry, will
provide new facilities. There is also friction between Bin Rafaah, the Saudi
Arabian-owned company which now has a large shareholding in PMMC and Jamil.
Bin Rafaah wants more of a say in PMMC's management. Two shareholders, A. A.
Nasser and A. M, Ezzedine, have relinquished their holdings in the company.

In anticipation of a floating exchange rate and a growing scarcity of commod-
ities, traders have begun to raise their prices. The prospect of public dis-
order is growing. The two and a half tons of tear gas which arrived in Free-
town on 21 January will doubtless be used in due course. By that time Stevens
will have announced the float. He has little alternative.

Footnote: He is expected to go to London /iater this month on a mission to
rectify the poor image Sierra Leone has acquired latterly.

CSO: 3400/665

52


cso:

3400/719

not related to Resolution 435.
He said Britain believes that
Resolution 435 is the basis
for the independence of
Namibia and anything not
related to it should not be a
pre-condition to the
independence of Namibia.

He said the Namibians
deserve the right to determine
their own future.

Mr Rifkind said, it is in the
interests of Angola to remove
foreign troops from its
territory and added that
Britain hoped for internal
stability in Angola “but for
that to be realised all foreign
troops must leave the
Angolans to decide their own
direction.”

On the issue of
disinvestment, Mr Rifkind said
he did not believe sanctions
were the best way to convince
South Africa to abandon
apartheid.

The imposition of sanctions
he said, will not only affect
South Africa but the
economies of neighbouring
countries.

Mr Rifkind stated that his

14

Government believed that a
full and substantial dialogue
between South Africa and
the Black leaders of that
country was the most
important thing that could
bring reform to that country.

Responding to a question
on whether triumph of the
liberation struggle in South
Africa is interpreted as
Marxist, Mr Rifkind said he
did not believe that
communism is the best
system of Government for
any country.

“Every country has the right
to choose its own system of
Government,” he however
conceded.

Mr Rifkind said despite the
problem his country was
having with its aid budget, he
hoped Britain would continue
its aid to Botswana.

He described his meeting
with the President Dr Quett
Masire as cordial and most
valuable.

Mr Rifkind left for Lesotho
yesterday and from there he
was to proceed to Swaziland.
BOPA


up-to-date reports that I have at present indicate that it involved a Volvo
with five occupants. The five occupants were abducted and the car was
burned. They subsequently managed to escape from captivity, and are current-
ly safe and sound in Maputo.

[Part IV: 12 Jan 85 p 1]

[Text] During the final days of last year, actually, on New Year's Eve, the
armed bandits became more dangerous than they had been previously. Thus,
the areas already considered dangerous became even more so, because the
bandits were subdivided into such small groups that their pursuit and
location turned into the biggest headache that one could imagine. To
aggravate this situation, some elements of the population, although few in
number, have given information to the bandits, enabling them to take routes
that would remove them from a direct confrontation with our forces.

The activity of certain elements of the population who engage, in exchange
for money or goods, in giving information to the armed bandits on the move-
ment of our forces has contributed greatly to the accomplishment of a series
of murders , some under almost incredible circumstances. The. first example
of the presence of dangerous informers is given to us by the very locality
of Taninga where several attacks have taken place recently.

“We are convinced that the bandits have informants in Taninga and in the '3 de
Fevereiro'locality. We also think that it is time now to adopt measures to
overcome this situation, which is being repeated constantly. All cars have
been attacked and burned exactly at the site of the changing of the guard, or
when our men have been at lunch." It was with these remarks that Capt Inoss
Jacob, the battalion commander, started giving us an explanation when we
inquired how the cars had been burned on 2 January.

According to that captain, no other conclusion can be drawn, because the
armed bandits in that area never show up in the jungle; but are always in
the vicinity of the entrance. When we recorded these comments by Captain
Jacob, we were inside the jungle, in one of the positions, and it must have
been approximately 2200 hours on 3 January.

The fact that the bandits have attacked the cars at the time of the changing
of the guard or when the latter were eating a short distance from the site

of the incidents only shows that the bandits had in their possession accurate
reports.on the movements and positions of our troops. Furthermore, there is
the fact that, in the two settlements, both Taninga and "3 de Fevereiro,"there
is an enormous movement of people. We call particular attention to the fact
that at least 800 meters from the site where the cars were burned, in Taninga,
there are populations living around there.

On Saturday, 5 January, when we had just left the site where the bus had been
burned, we discussed this matter with the officers who had commanded the forces
pursuing the bandits, but particularly with Lieutenant Jorge, who searched

the environs as far as the site close to "3 de Fevereiro" where the bandits
had disappeared completely.

43



In view of the old man's stubbornness, the armed bandits decided that he had
to be eliminated, and they assigned that task to the son himself. He did not
carry it out. A few days after some long hikes, they gave "MX' to Nhabanga,
and assigned him someone to kill. After hesitating slightly, he stabbed his
victim in the heart area with a bayonet. He told us that, "At first it was
difficult, but I began to feel a certain amount of courage and a great hatred
for the people who were around me. When they ordered me to stab the person,
I already felt my blood boiling. After having stabbed the person with a
bayonet, it was not hard for me to obey the order to drink the blood that was
pouring from his chest."

When the situation had reached this point, Nhabanga started walking more in

the vicinity of the bandits than of the captives with whom he had been abducted.
The day after the first crime, the group of bandits found a peasant who was
walking alone in the vicinity. This peasant was turned over to Nhabanga to be
killed.

"Tt was not at all difficult for me to kill that man, because I was already
prepared and used to seeing my knife penetrate human flesh, and I was not
even touched by the cries of the victim."

When they arrived at the armed bandits’ base, the latter decided to kill
Armando Nhabanga's father. For this purpose, they blindfolded all his rela-
tives and family members and, leaning the old man against a tree, they opened
fire on him with their weapons. When he was dead, they released his relatives
from their blindfolds and forced them to view the spectacle of the old man,
riddled with a hail of bullets.

After this murder, the old man's relatives received orders not to cry, because
if they did so they would be immediately gunned down. They did not cry, but
since they showed expressions filled with sorrow, the bandits forced them to
laugh, clap their hands and dance in front of the blood-soaked corpse. They
did so, to save their livés. As for Armando Nhabanga, by then a trained
bandit, he had no great difficulty in laughing and dancing around his father's
body.

Already trained and consuming drugs nearly every day, Armando Nhabanga then
began his career of highway murder. In Taninga, a locality that we have
already had occasion to mention several times, the new bandit took part in
three attacks on civilian vehicles. Being a native and resident of the area,
where he also served as a militiaman, he had no major difficulties in
guiding the others and putting them in the most strategic positions for the
attacks.

As Armando Nhabanga told us, the bandits set up ambushes in the small Taninga
jungle area, less than 50.meters from the road, and one of them stood guard,
in order to locate the moving cars at a distance and find out whether or not
they might be carrying something of interest to rob. This was the bandit who
fired the first shots at the vehicles struggling against the rising terrain
and gave the signal for the others to approach their victims.

47



JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

QUESTION OF PARTICIPATION IN GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS DEBATED
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 17 Feb 85 p 9

[Debate by Reverend Sam Palo Buti, mayor of Alexandra, chairman of the Alex-

andra town council, and former president of the South African Council of
Churches]

[Text]

WHEN THE State President, Mr P
W Botha, announced the establish-
ment of a non-statutory forum to
_ discuss the constitutional future of
blacks, he touched on one of the most
important debates in black political
circles: should blacks participate in
, government-created structures such
vas the forum, homeland administra-
‘tions or the new black local authori-
‘ties?
: To answer this question, one has
:first to ask what one means by a
‘government-created institution.
"here are those which may be detri-
:mental to the lives of the oppressed
sand which cannot be supported, and
there are others that are concerned
‘with bread and butter issues and in
which one can participate.

An example of the first type is the
old community councils which were
extensions the administration
boards and acted as an arm of the
government in black areas.

yrhey did not have the power to
take final decisions — that still rest-
ed with the administration boards.
‘That is why we have a problem with
rents today. Rents were always
something imposed from outside, de-
cided without any explanation to, or
consultation with, the people.

An example of the other type of
government-created institution is
our black universities. We attend
them because they are institutions
which assist us in liberating our-
selves socially and educationally.
‘Those black intellectuals who serve
as professors and lecturers in those
universities are contributing to our
liberation through a government-
created institution,

The new black local authorities
need to be viewed in this light. I am
not saying they are an answer to our

roblem as black people. Indeed,

ey are not an answer, but while we
are fighting and searching for an
answer, here is an institution that
can cater for certain basic human
needs.

What has changed is that these
local authorities are no longer dea)-
ing with the admininstration boards
directly. Sure, the boards serve as
our agents, but it is the black local
authorities that are in a position to
make decisions on the quality of life
of the people in the area.

Struggle

The struggle to save Alexandra
serves as a useful guide to under-
standing the role of certain levels of
participation. The struggle to save
Alexandra was a democratic one,
based on the community infrastruc-
ture that already existed — the

76

churches, the schools. It was based
on the understanding that you cannot
uproot a community that has existed
for almost 70 years.

With this understanding, in 1974
we formed a committee to resist the
removals. It was very difficult be-
cause at that time detentions were
rife. But we managed, through
various means, to organise a large
meeting of community leaders at
which the Alexandra idents’ In-
terim Committee of five people was
elected.

It was that committee, which later
became known as the Save Alexan-
dra Party that worked out a plan of
action to resist the planned rernoval
and our resettlement.

Between 1974 and when we won

the reprieve in 1979, we continued to
go back to the people for re-election
and a new mandate. Although we
were not recognised by the govern-


JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA

NWAKO SAYS BDP UNITY FIRM, OTHER ISSUES
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 20 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] Serowe: The Minister of Commerce and Industry, Mr M. P. K. Nwako has
said the Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) was still strong and solid. He dis-
missed speculation by the opposition Botswana National Front (BNF), that the
party was beset by internal strife as wishful thinking.

Addressing a political rally at Palapye over the weekend, the Minister who is
also the Member of Parliament for Tswapong North, said it was not true that
there was conflict between the new and the old members of the BDP. He
scoffed at allegations of serious cracks within the party and said those who
made these allegations were merely dreaming.

He said as a party that stood for democracy and all that it entails, the BDP
accomodated the divergence of opinions and views and even criticism. He said
where there was democracy, there must be flare of ideas and frank exchange of
views in a give and take atmosphere.

Mr Nwako also commented on the controversy regarding the discovery of a sealed
Tshiamo balot box which led to a byelection in the Gaborone South Constituency.
He said the events that followed the discovery of the box tended to confirm
that Botswana had been saying to the world for many years that it was a shin-
ing example of democracy.

He said if the ballot box had been discovered in some other country, it would
have been brushed aside and not declared in public as was done in the case of
Botswana box. He said in some other countries, the discovery of the box would
only have been attended to within the innter circles of the government and
made to fizzle out.

Mr Nwako said the holding of a byelection in Gaborone also served to under-
line the free democratic environment that the country has been ushered in.

He said in many countries of the world, a byelection in such circumstances

was unheard of.

He said as long as the BDP was in power it would carry the principle of demo-
cracy to its logical conclusion. Mr Nwako said only those who did not sub-
scribe to the principle of equality and merit of individuals were saying
Botswana was not democratic.



The next step in Conteh's battle was a meeting on 30 January convened by
Conteh and the Bank of Sierra Leone governor, Jim Funna, to which about 20
leading businessmen were summoned. Conteh said that the government hoped to
float the Leone in the near future, though he was unable to say at what rate
the Leone would be initially fixed, or how often it would be adjusted. The
broad idea was that foreign exchange would be allocated to the highest bidder
when the system got underway, The written proposal for a floating exchange
rate was then published in full in the local newspaper, The Citizen. Its
editor was promptly taken for questioning at CID headquarters. (Jamil,
ironically, has a stake in the newspaper).

Sheka Kanu, for one, appears to be firmly on Conteh's side. Together with

the IMF they feel that PMMC's enormous power is not in the best interests of
the economy. And the minister of mines, Hassan Kanu, we understand is intent
on granting diamond export licences to several Lebanese traders in an effort
to reduce PMMC's dominance. Another move, which has been canvassed for several
months, is the planned setting up of a new Government Diamond Office (GDO)
which would value all diamond exports. The new GDO would be managed by
Christopher John, a professionaiiSierra Leonean diamond valuer, and would be
housed in the Bank of Sierra Leone.

Jamil himself has been much in the news, not least because of the celebrations
in January for his daughters wedding. Never before had Freetown seen such a
display of drink, food and expensive accoutrements, About 2,000 people were
invited, including many from abroad. Over 4,000 turned up. The more politi-
cally sensitive of his guests carried revolvers under their garb. Sorie
Koroma, who is related to Jamil, was the master of celebrations.

The Bank of Sierra Leone has recently formulated two cash-flow scenarios for
the first six months of this year, The first envisages government expenditure
of Leones 337m in the six-month period, the second, Leones 486m. The first
assumes that a projected deficit of Leones 45,5m will be financed externally;
the second assumes in addition that commercial banks will finance partly the
$31.2 of projected oil imports. The latter scenario would obviously squeeze
seriously domestic credit, which is already in critically short supply. (In-
deed, coinage is being melted down, mixed with gold and exported as low qual-
ity jewellery).

Both scenarios project expenditure on wages and salaries at Leones 98m,
interest on domestic debt at Leones 32m, Leones 30m for external debt, and
Leones 14m for paying a "crucial" debt due on 10 December last.

Forei#gh exchange revenue is projected at $92m--about two-thirds the amount
needed to allow the economy to function at a "comfortable" minimum. Of this,
gold sales would amount to $8m--the central bank providing $2m, PMMC and
others $6m. The Diamond Corporation ( Diminco) would provide a mere $4.2m;
PMMC and other diamond exporters, $36.4m; bauxite $6.2m; agricultural produce
$12m; and invisible earnings $4m. The five commercial banks in Freetown are
relied on for $7m; development aid for $8.75m; and "other sources" about

$5m.

51



Briefs
Chinese Cooperation

SOUTH AFRICA

Inconsistent Application Threatening System of Political Censorship

(Arlene Getz; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Feb 85) ....

Ciskei President Sebe Dissolves Planning, Advisory Council
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Feb 85) .seceeeeees

Treurnicht Attacks Reform, Blasts Botha Coalition
(Andrew Beattie; THE STAR, 18 Feb 85) .scsccocceveccuccces

Alan Paton Writes on Botha, Mandela
(Alan Paton; SUNDAY TIMES, 3 Mar 85) .....

Exchequer Reports Receipts, Transfers
(GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 15 Feb 85) ..ssceceeceeccce

Home Affairs Minister de Klerk Seen as Reluctant Reformist
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Feb 85) ..

Meer Says Crackdown on UDF Part of Careful Strategy
(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 20-23 Feb 85) ...

Bank of Lisbon Plans Mortgage-Bond Scheme
(Malcolm Fothergill; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Feb 85) ...ss.e.-

Three NIC Men Sentenced for Supporting ANC
(Daya Pillay; POST NATAL, 20-23 Feb 85) sssccsccececceccce

Immigrants Refusing Citizenship Ordered Out
(Sue Leeman; THE STAR, 16 Feb 85) ..cececcecesceccescucees

Millions Spent on Offices for New MP's
(Chris Whitfield; THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Feb 85) ..ccceceeces

Question of Participation in Government Institutions Debated
(Sam Palo Buti; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 17 Feb 85) ...ecessseseces

Prominent Indians Join Black Chamber of Commerce
(Khalil Aniff; POST NATAL, 20-23 Feb 85) ..cccsecccceeecs

Dutch Shipping Line Signs Dry Dock Contract
(THE DAILY NEWS, 15 Feb 85) ..ccccccvccccuccetcenteveeace

Details on New Castle Diesel-Filter Factory Given
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 17 Feb 85) ..seccccseccccececvcccaeeces

55

56

59

60

62

66

69

70

72

73

74

75

76

78

79

80


Verdedigingsbonusobligasies... - 44.975 705 - 194 660 375 -
Derde Reeks Nasionale Verdedigingsobliga = = 2.271 000 -
ties
Vyfiaar-obligasies vir Nie-inwoners - - - 3.477 000 -
Binnelandse Geregistreerde Effekte:

13%, 1984 - - - 30000 000 -

9.5%, 1984 _ - - 335.27 700

12,75%, 1984 ~ - - 417 273 200 _

13%, 1984 . - - - 258 911 300

9.875%, 1986 .. _ ~ = 70 000 000 -

Buitelandse Lenings en Kredine Gedelg—

19838 ~ ~ - 84 545 642 -
- = - 15 378 334 -
~ - - 50 885 406 -
_ - 20 667 989 -
- - _ 57626 923 -
- - 326 287
- - - 15 624 967 -

- _ 1121 796 -

- - 1199 367 ~

81 609 195 ~ 81 609 195 ~

3641 751 - 5641 751 -

- - 3.060 831 ~

- - 2.679 900 =

12.179 103 054 =

Skatkissaldo, 31 Januare 1985 .....,
Towle.

CSO: 3400/730

68


JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

EAST GERMAN PACT--Ethiopia and East Germany signed a new economic, technical
and scientific co-operation agreement in Addis Ababa on February 1, at the end
of the seventh session of their joint economic commission held last week in
the Ethiopian capital. The agreement in particular provides for the estab-
lishment of joint companies in the agricultural, industrial, transport and
research sectors. It was signed for the East German side by the deputy prime
minister, Wolfgang Rauchfuss, who had talks with president Mengistu Haile
Mariam during his visit to Addis Ababa. 1.0.N.--This agreement follows the
trade protocol of March 1984 covering the sale to East Germany of various
Ethiopian products (coffee, skins, oilseeds, grain, wine and textiles) and the
purchase from that country of tractors and agricultural equipment, motor-
bikes and spare parts. In recent years, East Germany has also contributed to
the construction of a cement-works, a textile factory and a vegetable-oil
plant, and has afforded several short- and long-term loans. Moreover, since
1976 it has played an important role in organising Ethiopia's security forces,
including the secret police and the presidential guard. [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Feb 85 p 4]

GOODS FROM AUSTRALIA CONFISCATED--A boatload of 6,000 tonnes of wheat and other
goods from Australia, intended for people in areas controlled by the EPLF and
TPLF, was confiscated by the Ethiopian authorities on 13 January after the
freighter Golden Venture docked at the Ethiopian port of Assab. The cargo

was to have been offloaded later at Port Sudan. A statement from the Ethiopian
Foreign Ministry branded the Australian action an "unacceptable affront to
Ethiopia's sovereign authority," and added that Ethiopia would take the
"necessary" steps to ensure that "rebels" would not receive food supplies.
[Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English No 165, 19 Jan 85 p 2]

cso: _ 3400/552

23



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA
EXCHEQUER REPORTS RECEIPTS, TRANSFERS
Pretoria GOVERNMENT GAZETTE in English/Afrikaans 15 Feb 85 pp 4-5
[Text ] _
GOVERNMENT NOTICES GOEWERMENTSKENNISGEWINGS
DEPARTMENT OF FINANCE DEPARTEMENT VAN FINANSIES

No. 336 15 February 1985 | No. 336 15 Februarie 1985

Statement of Receipts into and Transfers from the Ex- Staat van Ontvangstes in en Oordragte uit die Skat-
chequer Account for the period 1 April 1984 to 31 January | kisrekening vir die tydperk 1 April 1984 tot 31 Januarie
1985. 1985.

Treasury, Pretoria. Tesourie, Pretoria.
RECEIPTS—ONTVANGSTE .
Month of January ‘Total | April to 31 January
Head of R Maand Januarie ‘Totaal | April to 31 Januari
1985 1984 1985 1984
R R R R
‘Skatkissaldo, 31 Maart 1984 — = 19 02 -
‘Skatkissaldo, 31 Desember 1984 505 180 551 _ - =
(Staatsinkomsterekening
Doeane en ns. 5 304 385 38 409 553 1 428 752 399 1 462 243 364
Binnelandse Ir 2 131 848 970 1 458 779 611 17 173 301 $63 14 420 018 131
R 2 126 $44 585 1497 189 164 18 602 053 962 15 882 261 495,
26 928 itt 27 600 169 254 808 203 250 083 887
15 $43 763. 1S 193 994 146 217 967, 137 353 935
1637 000 1632 000 20 511 005 17.273 258
Seqpum, Beer Research Pund. * _ - 1530 000 1701 022
S.W.A. Territorial Revenue Fund—Sales Duty: _ _ 2040 3
R 2 170 653 459. 1 S41 615 327 19 025 143.177 16 288 673 600.
au7
Other Receipts Ander Ontvangste
‘Treasury Bills: Internal ... eee Skatkisbiljete, Binnelands ...... 634 224 000 _ 10 578 140 238 _
Internal Stock, Bonds and. Bina ise Effekte, Obligasi
neem —
Indefinite Period Bonds... ‘Onbepaside Termyn Tesourie-obligascs... 4017 800 - 59147 200 =
Indefinite Period National Defence Bonds Onbepaatds srenmys ‘Nasionale Verdedi- 877 400 - 15 568 00 -
singsobligasi
Verdedigit - - 16 262 445 -
_ =_ 1900 000 000 -
- - 476 850 000 -
— - 200 000 000 _
- 30 000 000 -
_ - 600 000 000 _
179 000 000 = 1 568 000 000 -
+3440 367 - 146 093 599 -
2741 027 - 4 268 461 -
- - 326 287 -
sss 4315 135 =
=> 50 885 406 -
— 7S 311 640 -
~ - 66 555 740 -
_ 148 782 955 -
45 650 730 - 45 650 730 _
_~ - 106 298 418 -

66


JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEL PRESIDENT SEBE DISSOLVES PLANNING, ADVISORY COUNCIL

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Feb 85 p 2

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

{Text ]

CSO;

PRESIDENT Lennox Sebe of Ciskei yes-
terday announced that he has dissolved
the Ciskei Planning and Advisory Coun-
cil, which was largely responsible for

jor policy changes designed to make
Ciskei a model “free market” economy.

Both sides immediately offered con-
flicting views on the dissolution, with Dr
Sebe accusing the council of overstepping
the mark and the council chairman,
fessor Nico Swart, criticising “certain
prlicies and practices” followed by the

kei government. .

The council's six members are drawn
from the Swart Commission, which Dr
Sebe has said in the past provided him
with policy guidelines to make Ciskei
“Africa’s first economic miracle”.

In his statement yesterday, however,
Dr Sebe accused the council of over-esti-
mating the extent of its mandate.

Dr acknowledged that the coun-
cil’s advice had provided the “basis of the
new economic policies”, including aboli-
tion of company tax and of personal tax
for people earning under R8 000 a year,
introduction of a flat tax of 15% for peo-
ple earning over R8 000, and removal of a
wide range of regulations as inappropri-
ate to a Third World territory like Ciskei.

But, Dr Sebe said, responsibility of ad-
ministering a country rested with its gov-
ernment and unfortunately members of
the council felt they had a role in spheres
of government “outside their mandate”
and where alternative advice “might
have been more valuable”. :

Dr Sebe stressed that the policies initi-
ated by the Swart Commission, and due to
become law on March 1, remained gov-
ernment policy.

3400/726

In his statement. yesterda , Professor
Swart spoke of “confrontation” last
‘Thursday with the Ciskei government “on
various issues” and of the council’s wish
to dissociate itself with “potentially ad-
verse” policies and practices.

Prof Swart did not elaborate, but it is
understood the council was concerned
over the failure of Dr Sebe’s government
to submit contracts for all projects over
Ri-million to the National Planning
Committee, as recommended in the
Swart Commission Report accepted by

Contracts worth millions of rands are
accepted by the Ciskei government with-
out Proper safeguard and guarantees,
without being put out to tender, and with-
out being referred to experts’ assess-
ment, according to a well-placed infor-
mant. y

No attempt is made to evaluate pro-
jects and set national priorities, he added,
citing the R25-million international air-
port contract, the R200-million contract

build a casino at Hamburg and the
multi-million rand contract to build a
new hospital at Keiskammahoek.

The casino contract committing Ciskei
to expenditure of millions of rands is a
typed feagraphe’ der” the” beading

I ragraphs un e hear
emo? the formant said,

He described how Dr Sebe is besieged
by self-proclaimed overseas experts of-
fering poverty-striken Ciskei a quick
route to economic viability.

“People from all over the world come.
Israelis come in waves. Anyone who
comes from overseas is regarded as an
oracle. It is a madhouse of total confu-
sion,” the informant said.

59



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

COPPER, NICKEL DEPOSITS FOUND--Selebi-Phikwe: There is enough ore underground
at the BCL Coper/Nickel mine to last a lifetime. This disclosure was nade
when the Minister of Education, Mr K. P. Morake was briefed by the mine's
management officials during his recent tour of the mine. Mr Morake who is
also the Member of Parliament for Selebi-Phikwe was told that up to 30 metres
belt of ore was discovered during recent exploration. The Minister who was a
accompanied by councillorss was told that the whole town was sitting on top
oF nis ore. But whether it is economic or not depends on the world prices,"
* @ management officials told the Minister. The officials of the mine
sclosed that copper constituted up to 80 per cent of the mines income fol-
lowed by nickel and cobalt. The Minister visited a number of government de-
partments, schools and parastatals including the Water Utilities Corporation
and Potgwana Power Corporation. At the Botswana Power Corporation, Mr Morake
was ‘0. t during the commissioning of the power transmission from Selebi
we, two weeks ago, a total of 18 units of power was transmitted to
Gaborone. [Excerpt] [Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 21 Feb 85 p 1)

POWER LINES LINK NORTH, SOUTH-~Gaborone: The Botswana Power Corporation says
it has completed work on the new overhead power lines which link the power
station in the south of Botswana with the power stations in the north. The
overhead lines which have cost the corporation about P45 million runs from
Selebi-Phikwe via Morupule in Palapye to Gaborone, gaid the Corporation's
Project Manager, Mr P. R. Buick in an interview this week. He said the lines
will link the power stations in the south and the north with the central power
station at Morupule which will be completed in April next year. For the last
two weeks, said Mr Buick, contractors, consulting engineers and the corporation
have been testing the lines and the substations which form the backbone of
Botswana's new national grid. These substations are at Selebi-Phikwe, Morupule
and Segoditshane in Gaborone. Mr Buick explained that while the energizing

of the line which was carried two weeks ago did not imply that electricity was
being transmitted through the lines, it can be easier to transmit power through
the overhead lines in emergencies, [Text] [Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in

English 12 Feb 85 p 3]

cso: 3400/719

16


JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

GESTURE TO CHURCH--In a conciliatory gesture to the Malagasy churches, which
were deeply disturbed by the recent murder of friar Sergio Sorgone (see 1.0.N.
N°166), president Didier Ratsiraka announced on January 27 that he would no
longer attend "any ritual sacrifice", a reference to the "Joro", the slaughter
of cattle which is a feature of official ceremonies in every region of
Madagascar. The murder of the Italian missionary was officially blamed on
“sorcerers, probably looking for a human brain", and resulted in four arrests.
1.0.N.--President Ratsiraka's announcement appears to be prompted above all by
a question of tactics towards a Church which is increasingly hostile to his
policies. It is especially surprising in that the president is known to con-

sult sorcerers frequently. [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 2 Feb
85 p 5]

CSO: 3400/688

33



UPRS-SSA-85-027
22 March 1985

SOMALIA

LOSS OF AIRFORCE PLANES REPORTED
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] According to the clandestine opposition's mouthpiece, Radio Halgan,
the Somali_armed forces shot down one of their own fighter planes which
was heading for Mogadishu after taking off from a base northwest of the
capital. The radio said the plane was destroyed for fear that_its pilot
intended to carry out an attack on the presidential palace and various
government buildings. In the same week, Radio Halgen added, two MiG-19s
of Chinese manufacture exploded in mid-air during a training mission. The
radio said the fighters had been overhauled by a team of South African
technicians sent to Mogadishu by the Pretoria government to make
airworthy the few aircraft which the Somali air force possesses, most of
which are grounded.

I.0.N.- There ts scarcely any doubt that the Somali government's
military co-operation with South Africa has been prompted among other
factors by the build-up in the military activities of the two
Ethiopian-backed opposition groups in northern and central Somalia
(see I.0.N. N°167). On January 26 the Somali National Movement claimed
to have killed 15 government troops in an ambush on an army convoy
near Budhole in the Togdheer region, while the Somali Salvation
Democratic Front said its forces killed 68 government troops in three
separate operations between January 25 and 29 against the villages of
Godobyar in Mudug region and Dho-ol in Dagadug region, According to
documents found on Somali National Movement guerrillas captured by-
government forces, the SNM is said to be planning attacks in the
months to come against the military base and the cement works at

Berbera. Several harassing operations took place in this region last
month.

cso: 3400/688

53



the platform for the London-based Cameroun Movement. Although it is not a
significant threat to the government, many young anglophones sympathise with
it. They want more intellectual freedom in Western Cameroun, especially for
the press.

Last year, the Limbe-based editorial team of the English edition of the of-
ficial Cameroon Tribune was summoned to Yaounde after critical articles ap-
peared in the paper). Many of the young educated ‘elite have left for Nigeria,
Britain and the United States. Oil is another contentious issue. All of it
is produced from offshore fields in the Rio del Rey area of Western Cameroun.
But anglophone Cameroun only benefits from a small portion of the petro-
revenue,

CSO: 3400/665

19



cso

3400/727

unemployment _in-
spector JC Greyling
are placed at just
more than 13 000
but taking into ac-
count the thousands
who do not register
at the . labour
bureau, the figure is

said to be around

50 000.
Jobless _ workers
interviewed at

Centenary Great
Hall,
Brighton, last Fri-
day — _ where
thousands patient}
waited for their UT!

* benefits — said it
was becoming a
privilege rather than
an obligation to
have a job.

The prospects of
finding work are
bleak. :

Desperation __ is
_written all over their
faces. Many have
survived. repeated
lay-offs and re-
trenchments.

Many queued for

‘ the money. — not

. knowing when they

New '

86

were going to get it.

“This is unforgiv-
able and inhuman,”
they said.

They complained
that the way the be-
nefits were paid out,
defeated the whole
object of —Un-
employment Insur-
ance — this embit-
tered those without
work.

“We put our own
earnings into. the
fund, but when we
need the money
back urgently, it is
not forthcoming.”

Many have been
signing the register
since the first week
of November
since then, they’ve
been going home
without money.

Signs of “Sorry,
no jobs” are written
at many factory en- |

. trances, but the job-

less continue to look
for work in their
thousands.

In November last
year, 35 000 claims
we made to the UIF.


calmness of one who is sitting because he wishes to, and who told me: "I am
losing blood. Issue an order to proceed to the hospital." At that point,
confusion was still prevailing in the area.

Inasmuch as the armed bandits had set fire to the bus, at that time it was
hardly possible to determine the number of persons who had been burned to
death. We confirmed only four dead, whom we took from the site and put into
a vehicle, along with the injured, who were sent to the hospital in Xinavane,
which was closer than the one in Manhica. When I spoke with some of the
survivors of this incident, I only received confirmation that the bus had
been overloaded; there was no further exact information available.

One of the survivors told me, to quote one among so many who spoke, that. the
number of those saved was 50 percent of all the passengers. Another survivor,
who was beside me while I was talking to the first one, made a point of
stating that 80 percent of the bus passengers were saved. "Do you think

that many people died?" It was with this question that I ended the meeting
with the survivors. In unison, they said: "Yes, many people died." These
were, obviously, the people who had not yet left when the bus started burning
and, at the same time, a mine set by a bandit, followed by a bazooka that
consummated the crime, exploded.

[Part II: unavailable]
[Part III: 11 Jan 85 p 1]

[Text] The locality of Taninga, where the crime which we discussed in the
first article on Manhica took place, is existing under a constant threat of
attacks by the armed bandits. Almost inexplicably, within the brief period

of 8 days, four attacks by armed bandits on civilian vehicles occurred in the
same area. Today, we have the testimony of the survivors of the attack that
took place on 2 January, and some information about the attack on the afternoon
of 6 January. In the attack on 2 January, six persons were killed and nine
injured.

A group of merchants from the town of Manhica who had traveled to Bilene

to attend the New Year's celebrations, were attacked by armed bandits as
they were returning to their place of residence. The. merchants, who were
accompanied by their wives, children and other relatives, totaled 15 persons
distributed among three vehicles.

At nearly 1545 hours, the three vehicles were forced to stop, because one of
them was damaged. It so happened that the site where the cars were parked

was not more than 800 meters from the area considered dangerous, the particular
bend and counter-bend in the road where the armed bandits were in the habit

of ambushing. While they were attempting to tie the damaged vehicle with a i
rope to a wagon that was equipped to haul it, they were passed by an armored
vehicle of our forces which customarily travel on missions in the vicinity.

When we talked with the military men who were in the armored vehicle that we
have mentioned, they said that they had seen those cars stopped on that site.

40



INFLATION RATE LIKELY TO REACH SIXTEEN PERCENT

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Feb 85 p 10

[Text ]

SOUTH AFRICA’S
inflation rate is like-
ly to reach 16% to
17% in the coming
months before start-
ing to come down
again later in the
year.

This is the view of Dr
Johan Cloete, chief
economist of Barclays
National Bank. *

He said this high level
of inflation could put re-
newed downward pres-
sures on the rand — or at
least restrain any up-
ward movement.

Dr Cloete repeated his
long-held belief that
some form of wage/price
policy in South Africa
offered the best hope of
reducing inflation sub-
stantially while
minimising the damage
to the real economy in
terms of output and
tan and Strict mone:

and fiscal policies
would also have’ to be

pursued.
In Barclays’ Business
Brief for February, he

said the annual salary
and wage increases
agreed upon between em-
ployers and employees
were an important deter-
minant of economic ac-

tivity.
They mainly deter-
mined the extent to

which private and Gov-

cso: 3400/730

ernment consumption ex-
diture, which between

m comprised the larg-
er part of total demanc
hence of the total product
produced, were increased
each year.

“Thus, average sala-
ries and wages were in-
creased by about 15%
during 1984, which, after
deduction of the inflation
rate of 11,7% for the year,
represented a real in-
crease of 33%. ;

“It was this substantial
real increase in salaries
and wages...that was
mainly instrumental last

ear in lifting private and

ernment expenditure
by some 5% and real
domestic product

y_some 3,6%.”

But the annual salary
and wage increases had
not only contributed to an
important extent to the
level of aggregate eco-
nomic activity.

They had constitu-
ted the basic source of the
annual increases of the
money supply.

“Indeed? money basi-
cally comes into being in
the process of the annual
salary and wage negotia-
tions.”

It was, of course, true
that the banks had a say
in the setting up of these
annual salary and wage
contracts because they
were normally the ones
to finance the money

claims allotted to em-
ployees until such time as

int product could be
sole

“In a situation where
they compete with each
other, however, the say of
the banks is not as great
or as final as is generally
believed.”

He said the central
bank could take the view
that the banks were busy
financing money claims
not arising from in-
creases in e e volume of

and services
ic es me

“ are merely re-
sling Because the value
or prices placed on the
ge and services have
been increased, thereby
generating inflation.

“If the central bank

Ee

should, however, refuse ©

to provide the additional

to the banking sys-
tem, except at exorbitant
penalty rates which the
private banks and their
custom ers cannot afford

pay, then employers

have no option than to lay
off workers and cut ba
on production, as their
wage contracts are nor-

ly concluded for a
year ahead.

“In other words, refus-
al by the central bank to
validitate the wage con-
tracts ... immediately
leads to unemplo: t,
which, in the South Afri-
can situation, in particu-
lar, is not acceptable by
society and its represen-

81

JPRS- SSA-85-024

22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

tatives in Government.

“The central bank, ac-
cordingly, normally has
little option but to vali-
date the pre-determined
wage increases and ac-
companying price in-
creases established in the
economy each year, at
least toa greater or less-
er extent.’

Dr Cloete argued that,
in the final analysis, both
excessive increases in the
money supply and in in-
flation originated in the
annual salary and wage
contracts negotiated be-
tween employers and em-

layees in the conomy.
nm ither our empl :
loyees, in

would be by “re-
fusing to finance such ad-
ditional money claims
greated and in due course
force the necessary cut-
backs in wage and price .
increases through unem-
oyment and business
Tisdivencies”

Dr Cloete said: “Adop-
tion of the second option
will be very costly for the
economy and could even
end in disaster if the un-
employment created
‘should give rise to serious
unrest.’



quently, not be confused with an ac-
tua] impairment of those relationships
or with the violation of State security
or what will contribute to such a vio-
lation,” he points out in his guidelines
to the board.

One of Professor Van Rooyen’s main in-
terests is to establish a system of
precedents which will promote unifor-
mity and consistency in decisions by
the various publications committees.

To further this end, he provided a set of
comprehensive guidelines for political
censorship during a 1983 case appeal-
ing agsinst a ban on the newspaper
Grassroots.

In terms of some of the guidelines:

@The mere fact that anti-government
emotions are voiced is not sufficient
reason for a finding of undesirability;

@ Mere sympathy with socialism, com-
munisn and prohibited organisations
is not sufficient;

@ One-sidedness as such is not sufficient;

@ Mere reference to or sympathy with
the Freedom Charter is not sufficient;

@ The clenched-fist sign is not undesir-
able as such because it has lost its
inciting effect;

@ The mere use of revolutionary words
such as “suffer”, “oppressed”, “strug-
gle” is aggravating but not undesir-
able per se;

@The mere fact that people are organ-
ised to petition for the freeing of a
person like Nelson Mandela is not
undesirable as such;

@ Mere speculation or fantasy about a
future black government which may
take over by means of violence is not
undesirable as such;

@ The mere call for one man, one vote
within a unitary state is not undesir-
able,

CSO: 3400/725

58



CREDIT LINES TO BOOST EXPORTS TO ISRAEL

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Feb

[Article by Frank Jeans]

[Text]

cso:

* Coal and other exports to Israel will

get a boost with the decision by the

‘Government to increase credit lines to

that country — facilities with a built-in
formula to suit rand-shekel exchange.

This was announced by Dr Joop de
Loor, Director General of the Depart-
ment of Finance, who recently led a
South African delegation to Israel to
set up new bilateral agreements.

Speaking at a lunch yesterday of the
South Africa Israel Chamber of Com-
merce, Dr de Loor said the visit had
resulted in the strengthening of rela-
tions between both countries.

“We have cemented ties between
South Africa and Israel,” -he said. “We
wish we could have done more but
under present conditions, we couldn't.”

Pointing out that Israel had made
big strides in its battle against run-
away inflation, Dr de Loor said Israelis

3400/730

JPRS- SSA~ 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

85 p 17

had cut back the rate from 25 percent
a month to six percent.

The South Africans’ visit has also
opened up avenues for a “trade trian-
gle” in which industrialists in SA could
link up with counterparts in’ Israel
where, with 25 percent local content,
the joint venture could enter the
American market.

“On tourism, too, we are working on
a three-way package where people
from the Americas could visit Israel
through South Africa at attractive
rates,” said Dr de Loor.

There could also be better deals on
the way in the capital projects field,
where South African contractors have
run into “tendering hassles”.

“We wanted assurances there would
be no discrimination in this area,” said
Dr de Loor, “and we were told that if
there were any complaints, these
would be dealt with”.

82


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SQUATTER CAMP TRANSFORMED-~Chirambahuyo--one of Zimbabwe's first mass
squater camp--just outside the capital, has undergone a complete transforma-
tion. Where there were once shanty plastic shacks and pole~and-dagga ram-
shackles, there are now green fields bristling with a tasseling maize crop.
The squatter camp, which at its peak in 1980, boasted of a 5 000-odd popula-
tion after fleeing from the pressures of Zimbabwe's protracted war of liber-
ation in the communal lands, has now disappeared from the site, opposite the
Guzha shopping centre in Chitungwiza high density suburb. Some former resi-
dents stili maintain a claim to the patches of land they have vacated, but
instead of the hovels that were once their dwellings, they now have crop
fields they now tender carefully, all in the expectation of a good yield of
either maize or pumpkins. They tend their fields from the safety of a house
or room they are now paying rent or lodgers' fees to the Chitungwiza Urban
Council, [Text] [Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 11 Feb 85 p 2]

CHINA BOOSTS TOBACCO SALES~~Chinese tobacco buyers helped boost last season's
sales, according to the Zimbabwe Tobacco Association's planning and marketing
executive, Mr Charles Symes... In an interview with Tobacco Today, Mr Symes
says: "We hope they will become regular customers, but always remember they
produce an enormous amount of tobacco themselves." Lately there were signs
that China was demanding a better quality and they were buying from Zimbabwe
to produce the quality of their smoke. But they also know how to implement
advanced technology and they are “very fast at that," says Mr Symes. Tobacco's
foreign exchange earning potential was said to be in the region of $350 million
making the "golden leaf" a "Mr Big" in the agricultural sector of the economy.
As a result, tobacco growers were in an optimistic mood for the coming season.
Merchants had commented on the excellent smoking quality of the Zimbabwean
crop. Despite drought years, production techniques had improved, said Mr
Symes. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Feb 85 p 6)

WAITING LIST FOR HOMES-~At least 38 666 families are on Harare's waiting list
for houses and municipal officials will soon be updating the list to ensure
that families have renewed their applications. The director of community
services, Mr Bev Taylor, said-yesterday he would be reporting to the health,
housing and community services committee on the results of updating the
housing waiting list. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Feb 85 p 1]

117



JPRS~-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

KENYA

STUDENT UNREST POINTS TO REGIME'S VULNERABILITY
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English No 169, 16 Feb 85 p 1

[Text ]

The memory of the attempted coup d'état of August. 1982 ta atill a
conatant presence in the mind of president Daniel arap MOI. The

repression of the latest student demonatrations and the closure on
February 12 of two faculties of Watrobt university demonstrate how aware

ime_t. a LLt Despite a general easing of
tension in the relationship between the State and the university since
1983 confidence has yet to be restored. The students have been
officially accused of wanting to destabilise the government, as in
August 1982, when several hundred of them came out in support of the
coup attempt mounted by the Kenyan air force.

For their part, the students accused president MOI of being one-sided
in granting pardon to former constitutional affaire minister Charles
NIONSO, although an official inquiry implicated in the coup plot, while
four students likewise found guilty of involvement in a trial in 1983
were gent to jgil for periods of betwen siz and ten yeare and have not
been freed. In sucha tense atmosphere, the spark which ignited the
tinder was the expulsion, without any official reason being given, of
three student leaders including Julius Mwanga MWANDAWIRO, head of the

university of Natrobit students’ organisation, and the withdrawal from
five others of their government study grants. de a result, several

hundred students decided on February 6 to occupy the university premises
in a bid to persuade the head of state, who ta also chancellor of the
university, to Lift the disciplinary measures. Four days after the
occupation began the police invaded the campus in a "cleantng-up"
operation which resulted in a heavy toll: one killed and 65 injured
q@nong the students and 32 injured among the police, according to the
authorities, but seven killed and more than 100 injured according to
other sources.

There are several possible reasons for this hard-line attitude of the
government. According to Mr MWANDAWIRO the authorities had learned of a
student meeting in which reference was made to_the self-exiled Kenyan
playwright NGUGI Wa Thiong'o. He has become president MOI's béte notre,
though there ia no indication that he has any particular influence in
Kenya. Another theory for the action was the intention of certain

student leaders to_set up a national student body, bringing in the new
university of Eldoret.

27



BILATERAL RELATIONS DISCUSSED WITH LESOTHO

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 13 Feb 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/719

GABORONE, February 11:
Botswana's External Affairs
Minister Dr Gaositwe Chiepe
and her Lesotho counterpart,
Mr V.M. Makhele met over
the weekend in Lesotho to
discuss bilateral relations
between the two countries.
A press release from the

Department of External
Affairs quoted a rejease
issued after the two ministers
had met, as saying they
discussed ways and means
of strengthening the relations
between the two countries,
“by bringing them together
through co-operation in
various endeavours ranging
from economic to cultural
matters.”

It says the two ministers
agreed to continue their talks
in future with a view to
determining areas on which
bilateral co-operation could
be promoted for the mutual
benefit of the peoples of the

two coutries.

Regarding regional
matters, the release says,
“they reiterated their
countries’ commitment to
work for peace in Southern
Africa and for the economic
development of the region
through co-operation with
other countries of the region
in the context of SADCC.”

Minister Chiepe who was.
in Lesotho at the invitation of
Mr Makhele, also paid a
courtesy call on King
Moshoeshoe I! and Prime
Minister Leabua Jonathan of
Lesotho.

DrChiepe visited Matsieng
in Lesotho, where she
addressed staff and students
of Moshoeshoe Ii Secondary
School. A larger number of
the students of the school
come from Botswana.

The minister also made a
token contribution of P100
towards the construction of
the school swimming pool.

JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA



"The people came to haul the car of Abdul Carimo Amade, who is a friend of
ours from Maputo and who was here only to spend the weekend. The hail of
bullets began, and those who were in the front truck, which was doing. the
hauling, were immediately left without a driver. The truck flipped over, and
we were left on top of it. As soon as the car stopped, I could see 17
people. I saw clearly that it was 17 in all: some without shirts, others
in uniform and still others wearing only military pants, and others all in
civilian clothes."

When the cars were completedly stopped, with the dead and wounded lying there,
the armed bandits approached the site and started looting. According to the
testimony of Abdul Salam Assane, the bandits began robbing the dead and
wounded of watches, money, jewelry. and other items of value that .they had

on them. The subject of our interview told us that the bandits searched one
pocket after another, and ransacked the women's bags, taking everything that
they found.

When this looting operation had ended, the terrorists opened fire on the
people again. According to Abdul Assane, it was in this way that his aunt,
Amubu Anuar Khan, was murdered with one shot in the area of the abdomen and
another in the pelvis. Amid all this shooting, our interviewee managed to
pull his son and jump out of the car. He lay on top of the child, in order
to prevent him from being hit by the gunfire of the bandits, who continued
shooting at the people.

"While I was in that position, the bullets continued flying over me. Suddenly,
the. shooting stopped and the bandits approached me and asked: ‘What do you
have?' I said that I had my watch and some money, and then they told me to
throw out everything. Then I asked: "Why do you want to kill us, since we
haven't done you any harm? I have a small child, and you want to kill me for
nothing. '"

It was certainly not because of the bandits' humanitarian instincts that the
subject of our interview escaped death. The fact is that they left him, after
this supplication of his, when he showed them the car containing his bags

with clothing and some food left over from the celebrations. It was just as
they had finished stealing everything that there was to steal from the vehicles
that help appeared. At this point, the bandits fled, but not before cutting
Sitar Mahendra's right arm with a bayonet, precisely in the area where the
shoulder blade joins the collar bone. Sitar Mahendra is the brother of 6-year
old Rina, who was murdered by the bandits.

One of those seriously injured is Gulemo Abass Ali who, in addition to some
bullets lodged in his legs, spent the entire time under the car, and suffered
severe burns on his back. Three of those injured, also seriously, who are
confined in the Xinavane hospital, are employees who had accompanied their
employers on the trip to Bilene.

Before ending this account I shall briefly discuss. the case of the vehicle which
was attacked and burned on the afternoon of Sunday, 6 January. The most recent

42


JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

BENIN

AFP REPORTS PARTY CONGRESS TO BE HELD SOON
AB051900 Paris AFP in French 1340 -GMT 5 Mar 85

[Excerpts] Cotonou, 5 Mar (AFP)--A congress of the People's Revolutionary
Party of Benin--the only party in Benin and one with Marxist-Leninist lean-
ings--will be held within the next few months in Cotonou to take stock of
the 13 years of revolution in that country. This piece of news was recently
announced by President Matthieu Kerekou when he officially inaugurated a
“national commission" to prepare for the meeting,

This second congress is anxiously awaited since the first, which was held
nearly 6 years ago--in November 1979--was aimed at criticism and self-
criticism within the party, and things have changed a lot since then. The
1985 congress comes at a time when Benin seems to have reached a political
turning point. Certainly there is no doubt about the revolutionary choice.
Cotonou maintains its friendship with the socialist countries, whose embassies
are firmly implanted in the country (USSR, PRC, DPRK, Cuba, and so on), but
it is also bent on maintaining its friendship with the Western countries
(France, the FRG, the U.S., and so on) with whom it never totally severed
relations.

The country remains attached to the major guidelines of its political action.
With regard to major African problems, Benin will continue to support the
SDAR, whose representative in Cotonou is of ambassadorial. rank. On the
Chadian problem, Cotonou is firmly opposed to Hissein Habre's regime and sup-
ports Goukouni. All the same, several observers in the Beninése capital are
of the opinion that efficiency has superseded revolutionary phraseology at a
time when the country is determined to build an independent and prosperous
national economy.

The red slogan-bearing banners which used to fly in the streets of Cotonou
and even in the countryside are more discreet. Checkpoints are almost non-
existent and one can go all over the country without being stopped, Certain-
ly the failure of the mercenary attack against President Kerekou's regime on
16 January is still celebrated [words indistinct] to recall the event, with
its courageous nationalists ready to fight to defend the Beninese revolution.

cso: 3419/310


JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AQUINO DE BRAGANCA DISCUSSES BACKGROUND OF NATION'S CONFLICT

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Feb 85 p 10

{Article by Moeletsi Mbeki]

[Text]

MOZAMBIQUE'S war
against the MNR has en-
tered a new and decisive
stage of decentralisation
of power to the provinces
accompanied by the
political mobilisation of
the peasants, says Pro-
fessor Aquino de
Braganca, director of the
Centre for African
Studies at Eduardo Mon-

diane University in’

Maputo,
High ranking members
of ‘relimo's Politburo

have been moved out of ;

the capital and have now
taken charge of the
battle for the hearts and
minds of the peasants in
the provinces.

‘ are lots of
mistakes. Frelimo maybe
has committed; ue-
fortunately this is a
situation of war but now
we have to win politi-
cally, This is a_ big
battle,” said Cde Brag-
anca, himself an influen-
tial member of the party.

“If you go to the Zam-
bezi province today
where Mario Mashungu,
a Politburo member and
Minister of Planning who
is now in charge of Zam-
bezi, the situation has
greatly improved and de-
centralised.

(MOVING

“We are now moving
towards a popular
economy of war, 4 com-
plete transformation of

fozambique, a rethinking

of our own experience of
10 years of independence
in terms of popular per-
spective ‘because only
with the peasants can we
win this war.”
Another Politburo
member, Cde Marcelino
dos Gantos, has taken

charge of political struc--

tures in Sofala province
where the port of Beira is
situated. He said as a
result banditry has been
reduced and “great effort
has been made to re-
launch our economic ac-
tivities in Zimbabwe”.

Until about two | or
three months ago, the
MNR was a_ terrorist
organisation that was
only interested in de-
struction of the country’s
economy.

They have not been
interested in putting for-
ward «4 political pro-
gramme or in trying to
obtain the support of the
peasants, Cde Braganca
said, The objective was
mot so much that they
should present them-
selves as & political group
“because South Einica
never wanted it”, he said.

“There is sufficient
proof that South Africa
did not want to have a
political alternative to
Frelimo. They wanted to
create a very weak Fre-
limo to deal with.

“If you study very
carefully how the MNR
have been acting, they
have been directed at
least three or four times

36

@ day through contacts
with their headquarters
in South Africa to move
and destroy this bridge,
this harbour, this elec-
tricity powerhouse.

“Precise things, the
physical destruction of
means of transport and
centres of food produc-
tion,

“But I have mot seen
today a region with
peasants controlled by
the MNR. They haven’t
proposed a programme,
they haven't presented
thernselves as a political
group because South
frica, itself never wan-
ted it,” Cde Braganca
emphasised.

The recent change of

“direction by the IR

where it is now com-
‘bining terrorism with
putting forward political
demands is a “positive
aspect” of the Nkomati
Accords, said Cde
Braganca, because as a
result of the Accords the
other backers of the
MNR — the Portuguese
connection — have been
forced to reveal them-
selves, he added,

DEMANDS

‘The demands being put
forward by the Por-
tuguese connection were
neo-colonial demands and
he therefore felt that
they would not be
accepted by the mass of
Pd peasants in his coun-


GOVERNMENT BUYS MORE LAND FOR RESETTLEMENT

Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 11 Feb 85 p 2

[Text }

cso:

3400/667

THE Government bas bought
2,4 milion ha of land in the
euuntry for resettlement
since Independence, the Min-
ister of Lands, Rese(tlement
and Rural Development, Cde
Moven Mahachi, said last
night.

‘Speaking on the ZT'V cur-
rent affairs programme, The
Nation, he said most of the
Jand had been suited to
resettlement and crop farm-
ing, although some stretches
had been unsuitable because
ef poor water reserves.

Some of the unsuitable
land had been made avail-
able to communal land far-
mers and the Cold Storage
Commission for stock
grazing.

Cde Mahachj said he did
not believe this was a waste
of land or money, particular-

ly in view of the need to sus-°

tain the national herd at a
time of drought and the
shortage of grazing land.

On the problem of resetile-
ment officers who had set
themselves up as dictators in
their resettlement areas, the
Minister said these people
had been disciplined.

116

“All resettlement officers
found to be Jiltle kings were
withdrawn and ___ retrained
before being redeployed to
other areas,” said Cde Maha-
chi,

The Zimbabwe Government
had not delved into the
reasons for the withdrawal
of support, but had agreed to
finance co-operative develop-
ment itself,

The Agricultural Finayce
Corporation had been told to
make loans available to
agricultural co-operatives to
assist their development and
had the means to do this, he
said.

On state farms, run by
parastatal Agricultural 1
Development Authority, Cde
Mahachi said these farms.
should be the focal point of
growth point development
and development of rural
industries.

National estates were the
largest milk, cotton and beef
producers in the country and
should be expanded and
improved. The Government
had plans for the establish-
ment of more state farms all
‘over the country, he said.

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE


JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA

BOTSWANA CATTLE PRODUCERS EXPERIENCING DIFFICULTIES

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 11 Feb 85p 5

[Excerpts]

NKANGE, February 1:
Farmers in the country did
not receive a bonus this year
because the Botswana Meat
Commission incurred a deficit
of two million Pula.

This was said by the
Assistant Minister of Local
Government and Lands, Mr
Obed Itani Chilume ata series
of kgotla meetings in Nkange
village. _

Mr Chilume said that most
of tne cattle sold to the
Botswana Meat Commission
especially those inthe eastern
and northern parts of
Botswana were in dad
conditions.

The cattle were soid to
African countries sucn as
Angola, Mozambique and
South Africa which offered
less prices than those offered
at the European Economic
Community (EEC).

He said that the EEC did
not buy meat if they had

cso: 3400/719

suspicion that the cattle were
exposed to foot and mouth
disease. Mr Chilume added
that beef sent to the EEC was
from cattle deemed at that
time to be free from foot and
mouth epidemic.

He explained that the meat
which was lean and
consequently sold to African
countries at unattractive
prices contributed tothe BMC.
deficit.

The Assistant Minister
urged Nkange residents to
take advantage of Gov-
ernment Schemes such as
Arable Land Development
Programme (ALDEP7 in order
to improve their Agricultural
output.

He said that people wanted
money for destumpeng and
building dams under AE 10
programme and for
commercial ploughing
assistance under ALDEP.

He added that under
ALDEP, a farmer is required
to pay 15 per cent of the

15

whole amount of the project,
while the Government pays,
85 per cent.

He added that the VDC
could also get assistance
through LG 17. Villagers also
complained that water in their
village was not adequate.

The Assistant Minister said
that he was worried of the
Nkange residents living in
small settlements.

He said that this makes it
difficult for them to be
provided with water. He said
if residents could live in big
settlements this would make
it easy for the Government to
provide them with the
necessary facilities.

Mr Chilume said that the
drought relief programme
would be stopped in many
parts of the country which
were no longer facing the
threat of drought. He said
that drought relief will be
given in those parts which
are still hard hit by drought.



He said although the opposition had six seats in Parliament, the overwhelming
majority of the people of Botswana have shown their preference for the BDP.

He said the contribution of the opposition would be taken heed of, if seriously
intended and was in national interest. He said, otherwise the people of
Botswana have given the BDP the mandate to rule this country for the next

five years.

Mr Nwako also responded to calls from some elements of the opposition that they
should be involved in certain issues of national interest. He said already
there were democratic institutions like Parliament where people of all shades
of opinion were making input into the decision-making processes. He said
through the system of devolution of power, the government was leaving aspects
of decision-making to local bodies like district councils, village development
committees and parent teachers associations.

Mr Nwako said the Government was faced with the problem compounded by the fact
that young people were drifting into the towns to look for jobs. He said even
the expanded housing programmes could not cope with this influx.

cso: 3400/721

10


Inflation Rate Likely To Reach Sixteen Percent
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Feb 85) ssceceseeccececsscccceceeees 81
|

Credit Lines To Boost Exports to Israel
(Frank Jeans; THE STAR, 13 Feb 85) ssscseseseeveereeceree 82

Corporate Crime Bites Into Profits
(Lesley Lambert; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 17 Feb 85) veveeececever 83

'Secret' Gold Prospecting Operation Reported
aa ~(Jane Strachan; THE DAILY NEWS, 14 Feb 85) ..seseceseeeee 84

Rising Unemployment in Port Elizabeth, Consequences
“(Mono Badela; CITY PRESS, 10 Feb 85) seveceeeceevereerees 85

Victims of Removal Fourteen Years Ago Hope To Return Home
. (Cherilyn Ireton, Herbert Mabuza; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 17 Feb 85) 87

Half a Million Still Under Threat of Forced Removals

(Graham Watts; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 17 Feb 85) ... 89
Analysis of Differences in Quality of Education

(Sue Pleming; THE STAR, 13 Feb 85) ... sees 91
Role of White Engiish Speakers in Nation's Future Examined

(Alan Robertson; THE STAR, 18 Feb 85) .soeeee 94
Mixed Couples May Get New Rights to Facilities for Whites

(David Breier; THE STAR, 17 Feb 85) sssecereeeeeces 96
Marriage, Immorality Acts May Threaten Apartheid
. (John MacLennan; THE STAR, 17 Feb 85) .. 98

Indian Suicide Rate Highest in Nation

(POST NATAL, 13-16 Feb 85) .. as eeeeceeeeere 100

Black Lawyers Unhappy Over Border Arrests
(Jon Qwelane; THE STAR, 18 Feb 85) sescoceeesececeecceeee 101

Briefs

Soekor's Cape HQ 103

Shiploaders Boost Capacity 103

Demand for Home Generators 103

Prestige Award for Hoedspruit 104

Bomb Damages Orange NP Office . 104

Alexandra Mayor's Home Burned 104
TANZANIA

Mozambique National Resistance Agents Freed
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, No 167, 2 Feb 85) ..ssseees 105

-e-



JPRS-SSA-85-02
22 March 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

LAYOFFS TO EASE BUDGET WOES--Several thousand Tanzanians will find themselves
without a job in the months to come. One after the other the state-owned
companies are announcing their plans to shed labour, amounting in each case to
several hundred employees. This week the Tanzania Cotton Authority paid off
800 of its 3,000 workers, and a few days earlier the National: Milling Corpora-
tion announced a shakedown affecting 1,000 people. This was followed by the
announcement of 450 dismissals by the Tanzania Saruji Corporation. These
measures are in line with the programme of cutting back on public expendi-
tures to which Tanzania's public sector undertakings are bound to conform.

At the beginning of January Juwata, the Tanzanian trade union confederation,
protested at the threat of massive redundancies which the implementation of
an austerity programme had brought to the public sector. [Text] [Paris

THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English No 168, 9 Feb 85 p 7]

TRADE AGREEMENT WITH INDONESIA-~Zanzibar and Indonesia have signed a trade
agreement under which Indonesia will purchase 6 000 tonnes of cloves worth
Z2$25,8 million while Zanzibar would import 15 000 tonnes of rice from
Indonesia, It is the first time since 1981 that Indonesia will be import-
ing Zanzibar cloves, of which it used to be the main purchaser. A five-man
Indonesia trade delegation led by president director Haji Probosutedjo of
P. T. Maroljubuana Company signed the agreement with the general manager of
the Zanzibar State Trading Corporation, Cde Mambo Mussa. [Text] [Bulawayo
THE CHRONICLE in English 18 Feb 85 p 3]

NATIONALS EXPELLED FROM SUDAN ARRIVE IN TANZANIA--Dar es Salaam, 08 Mar (Shi-
hata/PANA) thirty-two persons and a [word indistinct] arrived at the northern
Tanzania town of Moshi yesterday having been deported from Sudan. The men
arrived at Kilimanjaro International Airport aboard a special flight and were
later whisked away by police for interrogation. (? Sudanese authorities)

have claimed that the people were Tanzanians who had been held in Sudan.
Immediately on arrival, the 32 people were lined up and had their names listed.
[sentence indistinct] Four of the 32 persons claimed when questioned that
they were students. [Text] [Dakar PANA in English 0918 GMT 8 Mar 85]

CsO: 3400/744

106


their families, the UDF [United Democratic Front], Helen Suzman, Van Zyl
Slabbert, Buthelezi Qoboza, Tutu, Boesak, even their friend Oliver Tambo,
anyone at all--not to exchange compliments, but to‘deliberate on how to
co-operate with the National Party in the planning of a new era.

Or to decide not to co-operate at all, and to stay in prison till the "day
of liberation."

They must decide whether to ask for everything, or to ask for something else.

They will need almost divine wisdom, for which 21 years in prison may or may
not have been the best preparation.

They must consider the Freedom Charter anew, for it embodies--against in my
opinion--two incompatible aims.

One aim is the guarantee of what are called human rights, such as are found
in the American Bill of Rights, the other is the nationalisation of the banks
and the mines and state control of all other industry and trade, such as ob-~
tains in the USSR.

No country in the world has yet succeeded in reconciling them.

This procedure is more likely to bring results. It saves Mandela from what
was virtually a "yes or no" situation,

When Mandela and his friends are ready, they may or may not invite P. W.
Botha and his friends to talk with them. If they do, then may divine wisdom
be given to them all.

CSO: 3400/717

65



JPRS-SSA-85-C
22 March 1985

CHAD

BRIEFS

MASSIVE VOTER PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION TURNOUT--The curtains were drawn yes-
terday over the legislative elections. After the preliminaries of last

17 February, the second round of the parliamentary elections was held
yesterday on the principle of universal franchise. Any Gabonese of voting
age was eligible to perform this duty on Sunday, 3 March 1984. A look at

the partial results that came in late last night, and some final results

from the interior in particular, and judging from the remaining partial re-
sults expected from the interior today, indicates that there was a massive
voter turnout for the elections, [Words indistinct] This shows the commit—
ment of the Gabonese people to the ideals of the Gabonese Democratic Party.

It will be recalled that the next parliament will consist of 120 parliamentar—
ians, nine of whom are nominated by the president of the republic by virtue of
the powers conferred on him by our country's constitution. [Excerpts]
[Libreville Domestic’ Service in French 0600 GMT 4 Mar 85 AB]

EEC FINANCIAL AID--Chad and the EEC Commission have signed a financing
agreement of about 1,750 billion CFA francs. The money, which is not re-
fundable, will be used for the implementation of the program known as Prior-

ity Action Program for Training Sectors. [Summary] [Ndjamena Domestic Ser-
vice in French 1845 GMT 25 Feb 85 AB]

CSO: 3419/310

20


and the resources of the trained manpower are being run down to match the cur~
rent low demand levels,

Investment in raw materials and extraction had been negligible in many sectors
for some years, Recession would make the basic problems of poverty and unem-
ployment all the more difficult to remedy.

The seminar however, felt that the following clements are necessary if progress
was to be made in SADCC states:

--Institutional links be established between SATUCC/SADCC that will enable
workers to participate and influence relevant policies within the existing
structures of SADCC in order to accelerate development in the region. The
seminar therefore urged governments in the region to promote a healthy growth
of autonomous independent and democratic trade unions in order to allow them to
provide the necessary checks for balanced political and economic development.

~-The SATUCC secretariat is urged to appeal to those SADCC governments which
have not yet ratified ILO Conventions to do so.

--Recognising the right to freedom of association, the trade union leaders
urged the SADCC governments to respect the right of workers to join trade
unions and elect. their ow leaders. Further, the seminar urged SADCC govern-
ments to recognise the importance of voluntary collective bargaining as an
instrument of industrial democracy as recognised by international abour
standards.

~-The seminar urged governments to - avoid capital-intensive programmes that are
primarily oriented to the external market and likely to promote more unemploy-
ment but rather to engage in operations which will create conditions for em-
ployment or self-employment in the region;

--The seminar further urged governments in the region that while encouraging
productive investments, they should spend more on social services, specially
on education, health care and welfare. In addition, universal primary,
secondary, vocational and technical training should be a primary objective of
all national educational policies;

~~SADCC governments were further urged to re-examine the basic policies of
their education so as to establish more healthy-education systems that are
likely to contribute to true social development.

--The seminar condemned vehemently the persistent attacks by the minority
South African regime on the neighbouring African countries including the recent
bombing of a house in thé middle of Gaborone. Such attempts will not weaken
the resolve amongst the revolutionaries and the masses of the people in these
countries to liberate South Africa and Namibia.

~-The seminar recognised the tremendous contributions made by the migrant work-~
ers in South Africa and further recommended the creation of an ad-hoc committee
consisting of: SATUCC, SACTU, ATUCC and NUNW to deal with the problems of
migrant labour systems in South Africa. .

cso: 3400/721


JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

GHANAIAN VOICE BAN LIFTED--The suspension order imposed on the publication of
the GHANAIAN VOICE, a private weekly newspaper, on 24 January has been lifted
with immediate effect. This is contained in a statement issued in Accra
yesterday. The statement was signed by the undersecretary for information,
Mr Koffi Tetebi-Kwakye. [Text] [Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT
6 Mar 85]

GUARDSMEN WITHDRAWN FROM AIRPORT--Border Guard personnel operating at the
Kotoka International Airport have been withdrawn permanently. Sources close
to the former office of the guards at the Airport explained that the with-
drawals is part of the re-deployment exercise of the personnel following the
dissolution of the Border Guard Unit. The sources said some members of the
unit have been distributed among the various units of the regular army which

is now responsible for guarding the borders. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE's DAILY
GRAPHIC in English 20 Feb 85 p 8]

PETROLEUM CORPORATION DIRECTORS ANNOUNCED--The PNDC has appointed members to
the Directing Board of the New Ghana National Petroleum Corporation. Alhaji
Iddrisu Mahama, member of the PNDC is chairman of the board while Dr A. K.
Addae, currently Technical Director of the Ministry of Fuel and Power assumes
temporary responsibility of Managing Director of the corporation; pending the
appointment of a substantive holder of the office, A statement issued in
Accra last night said other members of the board are Mr Tsatsu Tsikata--
Lecturer in Law of University of Ghana, Mr Cato-Brown--Ghaip, Mr K. B. Amissah-
Arthur--Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning, Dr Ablordeppey, a Geo-
physicist and Mr B. K, Smith,--Management Development & Productivity Institute,
[Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Feb 85 pil)

MINERAL PROSPECTING COMMITTEE FORMED--The government has set up a committee
for mineral prospecting licences. The committee is currently processing ap-
plications from both local and foreign countries which are desirous to open

up mine fields for gold and diamond in the country. This was announced by the
Under-Secretary for the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, Mr F. Ohene-
Kena, in an interview in Accra yesterday. Mr Ohene-Kena, disclosed that "with
the improvement in the economic situation, quite a number of prospective in-
vestors are also making enquiries in the mineral sector in the country." fEx-
cerpt] [Article by Ayikwei Armah] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English
21 Feb 85 p 1]

cso; 3400/701

25



UPRS- SSA-85-~02.
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ROLE OF WHITE ENGLISH SPEAKERS IN NATION'S FUTURE EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Feb 85 p 10

{Article by Alan Robertson}

[Text]

For some time there has been sig-
nificant but low-key discussion
among white English-speaking
South Africans about their place in
South African society.

Whenever their situation receives
publicity, this invariably prompts
letters to the newspapers. Any at-
tempt to analyse these letters usual-
ly proves difficult because much of
the comment is unfocused and indi-
vidual in its nature. .

A more specific opportunity to
analyse this situation is offered by
an examination of the many publi-
cations issued by English-language
cultural organisations. One such re-
cent publication is the English
Academy Review.*

The English Academy exists to
maintain and propagate in Southern
Africa the best standards of English
reading, writing and speech. Its
journal provides a critical forum
for divergent views about aspects of
English in the region.

Whatever else it does, this review
gives readers some insight into the
predicament that white English-
speaking culture has got itself into.

According to Wits academic
Es’kia Mphahlele: “The English-
speaking people of South Africa
have, since the 1820 settlers, been
complacent about the official status
of English. When the British wielded
political power, there was no need
to ‘stand up’ for their language.

“I make bold to suggest that the
black man has vested interests in
English as a unifying force. Through
it the continent of Africa can be re-
stored to him and, together with

94

French, English provides a Pan-
African forum, widens his constitu-

-ency, English is therefore tied up

with the black man’s efforts to lib-
erate himself.”

In continuing his essay The Fate
of English in South Africa,
Mphahlele calls for all English cul-
tural bodies to unite “and wake up
to the fact that preparing teachers
and students to fit into official (Afri-
kaans Nationalist) structures is
going to retard rather than promote
the cumulative struggle I have re-
ferred to”.

A stirring call indeed, but isn’t it
akin to a prisoner asking the jailer
for the keys to his cell? Mphahlele,
like many other writers in this re-
view, has identified the white Eng-
lish-speaker with Afrikaner Nation-
alism, and therefore apartheid.

But his call also provides racists
with perhaps the ultimate rebuttal
of black culture — its reliance on
“white” languages to promote its
cause.

Taken to its logical conclusion,
Mphahlele’s plea to English cultural
bodies to aid the black man in his
struggle presents the prospect of
Nationalist disapproval of any such
action, with all the attendant politi-
cal problems.

Do English cultural bodies want
this to happen?

In one of the book reviews Ste-
phen Gray writes of “the bewilder-
ingly complex spawnings of our cul-
tural life in our bizarrely sectiona-
lised and polarised society”.

One such spawning is that of
black playwright Maishe Maponya


VICTIMS OF REMOVAL FOURTEEN YEARS AGO HOPE TO RETURN HOME

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 17 Feb 85 p 4

{Article by Cherilyn Ireton and Herbert Mabuza]

{Text ]

THE government's decision to
suspend forced removals has
brought hope toa Community that
was forced to move nearly 14
ears ago and has wanted to go
jome ever since.
Living in tin shacks about 12km
south of Mmabatho, the 550 ‘Rooi-
rond squatters’ want to go back to
fhe the banks of the Mooi River near
Potchefstroom in the Western Trans-
‘vaal from where, as occupants of a
‘black spot’, they were moved in 1971.
Their stopover at Rooigrond near
Mimabatho was to be temporary —
until the government could find them
land elsewhere. But the only offers
from Pretoria were for land much
smaller and poorer than the 4-million
hectares owned by the tribe at Macha-
viestad.

Vacant
——

Responsibility for_the Rooigrond
people passed to the Bophuthatswana
government when the homeland be-
came independent in 1979. The home-
land claims to have no vacant land
and the only compromise would be for
the Rooigrond people to move to
ground already inhabited by other
tribes.

Chief Simon Makodi believes the
time for compromise is over. He
wants to go ack to Machaviestad and
says he would happily accept a quar-
ter of the rich farmland his people
once owned.

His unwillingness to accept the land
offered to him by Bophuthatswana’s
President Lucas Mangope is because
his people are descendants of the
same tribe as the late Sir Seretse
Khama of Botswana and not of the
Tswana people living in Bophutha-
tswana.

Over the years Chief Makodi has
collected newspaper articles concern-
ing his people's plight. Together they

87

constitute an unofficial record of 14

. years of hardship and pleading. Yet,

despite the extensive publicity given
to them, the Rooigrond people are no
better off than they were when they
were first trucked to the camp site.

“My tribe has been destroyed,” said
Chief Makodi. “Since the government
took us off my ancestors’ land, my
people have had to go separate ways
in order to survive. Most of the men
have had to go off and find work be-
cause there are only temporary jobs
here in Mmabatho. ~~

“Our only hope will be to go back to
our land in Potchefstroom and invite
all our people back to stay.”

Valuable

Chief Makodi is sure they will not
be given land as valuable as the land
they had in Machaviestad.

“The soil was so rich that if you put
pig's fat on top, it would not be ab-
sorbed. We were a self-sufficient com-
munity — now we have to rely on our
families and friends to support us.

“My people are starving here —
surviving on donations of food from
Operation Hunger and the SA Council
‘of Churches (SACC).”

The ground on which they are
camped is scattered with rocks and
does not look fit for farming. But their
reasons for not planting are different.
Says Chief Makodi: “I don’t want my
people to attach any sentiment to this
place. When we were moved we were
promised that this was only tempo-
rary and that we would be given land
of our own. We are still waiting.”

Chief Makodi is an amateur expert
on the history of the Western Trans-
vaal. “In those days the place was still
called Oudedorp. When Hendrik Pre-
torius (the Voortrekker leader) came
to us in 1838, he asked my ancestors if
he could stay temporarily. We gave
him some land,” he said.

JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA

NEW INDUSTRIES TO OPEN SOON IN SELEBI-PHIKWE
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 21 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] Selebi-Phikwe: Several new commercial and industrial developments are
about to be established in Selebi-Phikwe, the Minister of Commerce and Indus~-
try, Mr M. P. K. Nwako disclosed in a speech to the Selebi-Phikwe Chamber of
Commerce on Saturday. :

Minister Nwako mentioned several companies which are due to start operation
and production in Selebi-Phikwe as follows: |

~-Salmo-Atlantic which will manufacture various fish products and hopes to
employ about 40 people;

--Italian Style Shoes have already obtained a plot and are undertaking their
preliminary arrangements. The company hopes to employ about 30 people;

»-Flavia Shoes will establish both medium sized tannery and shoe factory.
This company is expected to be in full operation by the end of this year and
is provisionally planning to employ 140 people.

Minister Nwako disclosed further that, Phikwe Abrassives and Tools is another
company recently approved and would employ about 20 people.

He told the Chamber of Commerce that Tri-3 Engineering is yet another company
which has recently been licensed to make various tools. The company is ex-
pected to employ about 20-30 Batswana.

Added Mr Nwako: * "A little later this year, I will be leading a Trade and In-
vestment Promotion Mission to the United States of America and hope that his
mission may be able to attract more investment to Selebi-Phikwe."

He pointed out that the recent commissioning of the Selebi-Phikwe Continuation
Force and the subsequent establishment of a permanent reference Group within
Government to monitor the implementation of its recommendations is a clear
indication of the determination to do all possible to ensure the future prosper-
ity of the town. .

Mr Nwako disclosed that investors coming to Selebi-Phikwe will receive more
assistance through the FAP than other urban areas.



Hopes that black schools
will return to normal this
year have been shattered
by violence over the past
few weeks, writes Educa-
tion Reporter Sue Plem-
ing.

At a time when educa-
tionists and the Depart-
ment of Education and
Training were breathing
sighs of relief, unrest
flared again.

This week violence

erupted in Kroonstad, the -

East Rand and Pretoria,
and boycotts continued in
the Eastern Cape towns
of Cradock, Fort Beau-
fort and Uitenhage.

In Kroonstad, where
shops, vehicles and
houses were damaged,
the unrest stemmed from
a demand by pupils for a
Students’ Representative
Council.

Rioting began in the
early morning when
about 1700 pupils
stormed out of class-
rooms at Bodibeng Sec-
ondary School and stoned
school buildings and
teachers.

Pupils then moved to
three other schools, at-
tacking pupils and staff
members, stoning vehi-
cles and setting fire to
the home of a headmas-
ter.

Police used rubber bul-
lets, teargas and sjam-

CSO: 3400/724

boks to disperse the riot-
ing children.

A spokesman for the
Congress of South Afri-
can Students said pupils

“had merely retaliated.

against false promises
made by education auth-
orities. .

“The Government has
done all in its power to
retard the progress of
our education,” he added.

“We have reached a
point where there is no-
where else to turn but to
move forward with our
Struggle for a free and
just education for the

people.”

The Congress has -ap-
pealed to pupils country-
wide to attend a com-
memoration service
today for 15-year-old
Emma Sathekge, the first
pupil killed in school un-
rest in Atteridgeville last
year,

She died when a police
van knocked her down
and ran over her body at
DH Peta High School.

To mark the anniver-
Sary, says the Congress,
students should not wear
school uniforms today.

At the beginning of the
year there was optimism
that pupils would resume
classes peacefully.

In the Pretoria-Wit-
watersrand-Vereeniging
area thousands streamed

back to school; in the
trouble-torn Eastern
Cape, though, there was a
continuation of the
stayaways which domin-
ated the area last year.

In the second week of
school, confusion and in-
decision gripped the Vaal
Triangle township of
Sharpeville after the dis-
ruption of classes.

There was unrest in Se-

‘ bokeng and police pa-
trolled the area and dis-
persed thousands of

Schoolchildren who were !

out on the streets,

The second week also
Saw a_ three-day
stayaway in the Pretoria
township of Mamelodi.

In the third week of the
school year, unrest flared
at a school in the Free
State.

Pupils refused to go to
classes in protest against
the number of pupils who
failed exams last year.

The Free State unrest
gained momentum at the
end of January. when 49
people were arrested
after violence which
erupted near Bothaville.

More than 1000 youths
went on a rampage, at-
tacking school staff, ran-
sacking police houses and
Setting fire to vehicles.

The renewed outbreak
of violence at black
schools claimed its first

93

life on February 1 when a
youth was found dead
near a school at Fort
Beaufort in the Eastern ,
Cape.
Disturbances during
the first week of Febru-
ary occurred mainly in
Kimberley, East London,
Beaufort West, Port Eliz-
abeth and Fort Beaufort,
all in the Cape, and Vir-
ginia Odendaalsrus, Clo-
colan and Bothaville in
the Free State.

Pupils boycotted |
classes mainly in protest
' against the treatment of
! fellow pupils suspended
by education authorities.

In most cases violence
involved stoning and set-
ting fire to schools, build-
ing roadblocks and ‘ston-
ing police, who replied
with sjamboks, birdshot
and rubber bullets.

Mr Job Schoeman,
chief of public relations
at the Department of
Education and Training
in Pretoria, said when
violence erupted at
; Schools there was serious
‘ cause for worry as teach-
| ers and pupils were in
: danger.

He added that although

incidents of violence had

1 Gradually increased since

the beginning of the year,

the situation was not as
critical as in 1984.


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MARRIAGE, IMMORALITY ACTS MAY THREATEN APARTHEID
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 6
[Article by John MacLennan]

Te Part
[Text ] Predictions are that the very foundations of the

granite house of apartheid are set to crumble as
the government's select committee examines the
desirab ity of scrapping the Prohibition of Mixed
Marriages Act and Section 16 of the Immorality
Act, which makes interracial sex illegal. Where
pould the new and “‘legal’’ children of
jove-across-the-colour-bar be born, live, a
school? Would they be buried in new rand go to
“‘international’’ cemeteries? These are just some
of the questions which are being asked as
Parliament confronts legislation which will

impinge on the Acts which provide th i
of Verwoerdian ideology. , every pillars

FIVE years ago the descendants of President Kruger And it is this wild factor in

threatened legal action when it was reported the il-
lustrious Boer leader had coloured blood.

‘And at the Netherlands Club in Cape Town this
week, up rerust whites at my table were in effect
saying “I'll see your goffel and raise you a Kaffir”
as they compared levels in their bloodstream of
what they see as the new and “in” mixed heritage
licence to an identity with permanent roots in Afri-

ca.

Professor Herman Giliomee, head of Political Stu-
dies at UCT and one of several guests who this
week participated in an unprecedented local TV
probe into the issue, put it this way: “I. think the
Afrikaners feel there is room to give way to internal
doubts. The Acts were instituted at a time when
Afrikaners were still people on the move from the
working class to the middle class. Now they are
more secure after having ordered the world in a
certain way.”

They are, he avers, proud of their mixed blood to
the pont they like to make jokes about it. According
to the estimate which is most acceptable to academ-
ics, by 1820 Afrikaners derived their blood according
to a formula which went something like this: 33 per-
cent German, 33 percent Dutch, 20 percent French
and the rest mixed.

98

terms of National Party laws,
its tragic personal: conse-
quences, its harmful effects on
race relations, and its baleful
publicity which has exercised
arliament this week.
“The Minister of Home Af-
fairs, Mr F W de Klerk, who
endured the unusual experi-
ence for a white politician of
being jeered by coloureds when
he pleaded before the House of
Representatives for yet an-
other committee to investigate
the sex laws, has said he wants
a problem which has bedev-
illed the country since the Na-
tionalists took power 37 years
ago sorted out in four months
flat.

He was talking about mea-
sures introduced, as it was put
by the then Minister of Interior
Dr TE Donges, to keep the
white race pure.


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

ELECTORATE TO TOP 3 MILLION MARK

Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Feb 85 p 1

[Text] The number of people who have registered as voters for the forth-
coming general election is expected to top the three million mark, the
Minister of Home Affairs, Cde Simbi Mubako, said yesterday.

He told The Herald that 2,6 million had already been registered and about
500 000 more people were expected to register on the supplementary voters'
roll which was set up to accommodate extra voters.

"Today is the closing of the books and whoever will be in the queue will be
registered.

He added that about 35 000 whites had registered as voters for the 20 seats
on the white voters' roll.

Over 2,6 million people voted during the last general election in 1980.
The Registrar-General, Cde Tobaiwa Mudede, has appealed to all provincial

registrars to work "flat out today to accommodate all those wishing to
register on the supplementary voters' roll".

cso: 3400/705

114



cso:

3400/727

“We are continually
brainwashed.

“They would have us
believe there is nothing
wrong with the economy
of South Africa, except a
strong dollar and pound
driving the rand down...
but the truth is that Gov-
ernment spending is out
of control.”

Dr Treurnicht’s audi-
ence all but rolled in the
aisles with mirth over an
anecdote of a Cabinet
Minister who once said
pensioners could survive
on R20 a month.

Said’ Dr Treurnicht:
“Dr Lapa Munnik, Dr
R20-a-month Munnik,
said in Parliament that
tenders were not put out
for a contract of R11 mil-
lion to renovate the
Union Buildings.” (Sup-
porters whistled in mock
astonishment).

Turning to Mr Botha’s
conditional offer of free-
dom to African National
Congress leaders, Dr
Treurnicht said Nelson
Mandela's refusal had hu-
miliated Mr Botha.

As Dr Treurnicht recit-
ed Mandela’s conditions
of release, a silence fell
over the audience for the
first time that night.

“Let Mr Botha say he
will dismantle apart-
heid,” he recited. “Maybe
he can still do something
more about that.

“Let him unban the
ANC. Let him free all of
those jailed for their op-
Position to apartheid.

“Let him guarantee
free political activity so
that the people can de
cide who will govern.”

At this point you could
have heard a pin drop.

“Mandela also told Mr
Botha to show he is any
different to Malan, Strij-
dom and Verwoerd,” said

Dr Treurnicht.

1 “What more can he do
to show he is different to
Malan, Strijdom and Ver-
woerd?”

“These are Mandela’s
replies. We say to Mr
Botha: do not humiliate
yourself and us any fur-
ther for a man who is
an avowed Communist.”

The audience cheered
as one, and the chant
“Bothalezi! — Bothalezi!”
echoed from somewhere
in the back of the hall.

“The coalition Govern-
ment .s here,” said Dr
Treurnicht.

“Hendrickse and Raj-
bansi have taken their
places in the Cabinet.

“The other day Hen-
drickse came and sat in
our white Parliament.

“T say to him: you have
lost nothing there and
you can do nothing there
either.”

The coloured people
lost the vote when the
Government packed the
old Senate, the’ building
which has now been re-
named the House of Rep-
resentatives,

Although coloured peo-
ple can vote again, that is.
not the same as if their
delegates sat in the white
House, so Dr Treurnicht
was correct on that
score.

Behind all the rhetoric,
one detected a note of
anxiety in Dr Treur-
nicht’s words about Na-
tional Party reforms,

He knows Mr Botha as
an ex-colleague and fel-
low-Afrikaner, .

So if.he says the Na-
tional Party is irrevoca-
bly on the path to full in-
tegration (something the
Nats continuously deny),
can those to the left of
the Government _ still
doubt Mr Botha’s inten-
tions about reform?

61



Surrenders, State Revenue Account 1982/83...

Total (including Opening Balance)........

‘Terugstortings, Staatsinkomsterekening
creas

R
‘Totaal (insluitende Aanvangssaldo) ..R

3545 840 $29
—

ISSUES—UITBETALINGS

i Month of January “Toul 1 Apeilto 31 January

Estimates “ Y

Service Dienste Exim Januarie ‘Totaal | April toe 31 Januarie

1984/85 1985, 1984 1985 1984

R R R R R

1. State President 1 385.000 - 106 900 844 080 1069 000
‘Starutory Amount 14.000 7000 6 250 70 000 39.449
2, Parliament. 9.173 000 1 100 000] $50.00 | 11 235 000 8 117 000
‘Statutory Amount. 6 $66 000 993 000 485 000 7631 000 4544 000
3. State President 10 240 000 827 000 = 17 965 000 4866 000
Statutory Amount. oe 73.000 13 083 3417 38 830 32.046
4. Co-operation and Development. 1 702 558 000 | 200000000} 145 000000 | 1 261 090000 | 1 113 700 000
‘Amount. 226 985 000 — ~ 226 985 000 | 206 978 000
5. 243 893 000| 29.00.00) 26 000000 | 300 866.000 | 284 200000
6 Fi 842 554 000] 50.00.00] 68 000.000 | 660 120.000} 692 400 000
3490 121 000| 35 .459.000| 137.423 000 | 3.868 242.000 | 2 866 041 094
1 . 10 883 000 907 000 900 000 ‘9.064 000 8000 000
8 ‘Beveiopment 4.559.413 000| 329.605 000] 297 300.000 | 3.429 $71 000 | 3.297 697 750
9. Foreign Affairs ve 51 632 000| 37.000000{ 45,000.00 | 483 250.000 | 450 000 000
Staruory Amou 12012000} 19.040000} 10050000 | 100400000} 100490 000
oi 1293 262 000 55000 000 ‘000 | 862 $54 923 | $08 985 000
Kommisie vie Administasi « 46 329 000 900 000 750.000 | 44611000 | 28.062 000
‘Verbetering van Diensvoorwaarde 267 000 000| 28 431 100 — 1197 773 “4730 000
Polisie.... 795 640 000| 65 500.000| 62 000000 | 709 800000] $15 000 000
Gesondieid en Weisyn 1722 468.000} 150.000 000} 126 000 1480 000 000 | 1 165 000 000
.- 200 000 17 000 = 162 400 142 000
866 675 000| 63 700000| 45.600 000 | $20.960.000 | 671 000 000
3754 667 000 | 312.000.000) 305 000000 | 3 221 300.000 | 2 701 631 000
17, Manpower 285 000 7 $00 000 000 | "70907 000 | "57 705 000
18, Trade and Tndustry 315757000] 47000000] $0000 367 960 000 | 451 500 000
9. essen 134 782.000| 13 800 000 11500000] 114800000] 83 750.000

6 123 000 700 510 000 168 4840
31192000] 16387000] 20455000) 285 092.000} 198 871 000
1269 904.000} 121000000} 7.000.000 } 1.016 000.000 | 864 $00 000
392 404.000] 24.685 100} 37800000 —315.000.000 | 293 400 000
684778.000] #300000) — 92.000000} 738 700.000 } 648 000 000
587637000] 11385000] 11 500000 —$20.469.000 | 479 150 000
25, Education and Tralning.asssinncnsennent 709 257000 0.000000} 50.0000] 581 000.000 | 466 000 000
R |_ 25356 812.000| 2.046 266 283 | 1 706 341 $67 | 22 196 358 506 | 18 580 480 339
172000000} 15543 763) 15 193994] 146.217967 | 137 353 935
300000000) 26928 111] 7.600169 | 254 808 203 | 250 083 887
720 000 000 1.637 000 1632000 | 20511005 | 17 273.258
1 800 000 ~ - 1 $50 000 1701 022
1000 = = 2040 3
406 412 105

Payment in terms of section 2 of Act 96 of 1982
‘Transfer in terms of section 3 (2) of Act 113 of
1984

Onbepaalde Termyn Nasionale Verdedi-

67

176 000
10.000
2.087 900
235 300
3-254 200
867 850

Pitdod

10 279 016 238
M4

13.556 147
4385 358
32 710 306

75-000 000

1.920 940

4.942 700

6 803 500
1258 200
25 358 600
5.102 700
47755 700
9.043 650

18 986 892 444



JPRS- SSA- 85-02
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA

KGABO WARNS PUBLIC SERVANTS DEFECTORS

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 12 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

THE Minister of Home
Affairs, Mr Englishman Kgabo
has said he was aware there
were some public ‘officers
who leaked top level secrets
to opposition parties with
which they had sympathies,

The Minister who’ was
speaking at Mamenakwe in
his Kweneng South cons-
tituency, was reacting to
complaints from the audience
that some officers did not

3400/719

serve them properly. The :

residents had said that
because certain officers were
neglecting their official
duties, people were deprived
their right to utilise
Government assistance
programmes.

Mr Kgabo assured his
audience that Government
officers who divulged
Classified information would

12

face severe disciplinary
action if caught. He said
Public officers were allowed
to affiliate to parties of their
choice but were prohibited
from actively Supporting or
Promoting the interests of
‘such a party.

He said a Government
officer was expected to work
with diligence and loyalty in
promoting the policies of the
Government in power even if
he did not support the ruling |
party.

At Thamaga people called
for automatic promotion in
primary schools to be
scrapped off. They said it
encouraged laxity on the part
of both teachers and pupils.

At Metsimotihabe, the
Minister heard residents
complain that construction
companies who dug the river
for sand were increasing the
width of the river, thereby
Posing a danger to people
whose homes were next to
the river. They said digging
inside the river made it
difficult for people to cross
during rainy days. BOPA


cso:

when he says: “What makes me
really angry is when whites say
they are as African as we are.
Botha says he’s an African. For
God's sake he is not African. Full
stop. This is an undebatable fact.”
So much for 334 years of white

“tenure, and 164 years of white Eng-

lish-speaking tenure of South Africa.
And bizarre it is when the recent
writings of white schoolchildren in
Natal are described by Michael
Gardiner as having an “absence of
conviction” which “points to the
anachronistic situation of English-
speaking whites as a separate entity
— be it residential, educational or
cultural”,

Are these opinions valid? Are
white English-speaking South Afri-
cans really people whose language
and cultural institutions are going
to liberate the blacks while simul-
taneously being their foreign but
separate co-oppressors?

This whole review conveys a sin-
gular absence of consensus about
the role and identity of white Eng-
lish-speakers, '

On the one hand they are being

3400/727

95

unilaterally co-opted into a liaison
with black nationalism. On the other
hand they are ded as part of
the Afrikaans Nationalist establish-
ment.

They are rejected by some groups
of blacks and occasionally believe
they have been hard done by under
a predominantly Afrikaans-speak-
ing government.

So exactly where are white Eng-
lish-speaking South Africans going?
Ts the question even relevant?

To my mind it is one of the most
important and pivotal questions fac-
ing South Africa today.

If English-speakers refuse to re-
solve this identity crisis they will be
destroyed by the opposing forces of
Afrikaans Nationalism on the one
hand and black nationalism on the
other.

White English-speakers must en-
large their constituency; they can
only do this by enlarging the influ-
ence of their language.

“The English Academy Review, Volume 2, 1984, pub-
lished by The English Academy of Southern Africa.
Available to institutions at R10 a year and to individu-
als at RS a year.



JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

BURKINA

FRANCE GRANTS LOAN FOR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
ABO52230 Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French. 1900 CMT 5 Mar 85

{"Press communique"]

[Text] Comrade Justin Damo Barro, minister of financial resources of Burkina
Faso, and Francois Peredieu Decharlate, director of the Central Fund for
Economic Cooperation of the Republic of France, today signed a draft agree-
ment on a loan of 1.6 billion CFA francs or 32 million French francs at the
most favorable condition for the financing of village water supply program
in the central and norhtern regions of the country.

In the face of the worsening drought situation in Burkina Faso, the govern-
ment has proposed the establishment of a priority program for the construc-
tion of water supply points, It is striving to attain the objective it

set itself: to supply each inhabitant of the country 25 liters of good
drinking water a day by 1990, The present loan will enable the government
to drill 325 wells--275 in the provinces of Noubretenga and Gazourougou and
50 in the provinces of Sourou and the Sahel in response to already identified
emergencies.

Furthermore, to supplement the supply of water for the people in the north,
a similar program will be studied and a corresponding supplementary loan will
be sought.

CSO: 3419/310

17



services for Rina Mahendra, her oldest sister, aged 6, who was murdered by
the bandits, her arm was still hanging, incapable of responding to the
movements that its owner might want to make, giving the impression that,
with one false move, it would be easy for it to become detached from her
body.

Those killed in the crime at Maluana, in the most freakish positions in
which they were found, completely resembling. people who could show a sign
of life, were so disfigured that there was every indication that many of
them were still being shot, even though their bodies were lifeless. Many
of them showed signs of having been shot by criminals who had the cold-
bloodedness to put the barrel of the weapon against their victims. In
short, many other details concerning the massacre showed that the armed
bandits did not attach the slightest value to the life of a human being.

On several occasions mention has been made of the drug consumption that has
been common among the armed bandits. On those occasions, hashish has been
mentioned more than anything else. Now, the account that I provide today
attests to the consumption of "Mandrax," commonely known as "MX," and other
similar drugs. The account is given by an armed bandit recently captured
as he was carrying out a reconnaissance mission and attempting to locate the
positions of our forces in order to report them to his bandit chiefs.

Armando Manuel Nhabanga is a good-looking young man, in good physical condi-
tion, endowed with an extraordinary memory and giving the impression to those
unfamiliar with the bandits' "slogans" of having repented too late. When he
speaks, he gives the impression that his activity among the bandits was
unconscious and that he stayed with them because of the lack of a chance to
escape. However, Nhabanga was captured when he was alone on a reconnaissance
mission, using the cover of a militiman, which he had been before he joined
the bandits.

This is Nhabanga's career. He left Palmeira, where had been a militiaman,
on a Friday afternoon, and headed for the "3 de Fevereiro" communal village,
which is located in the vicinity of Taninga, the site where the bandits
attack frequently. As he told us, it was his intention to visit his parents,
wife and son, who lived in that area. He was already at their house when a
group of armed bandits abducted him and the entire family.

For several days, they hiked with the group through the jungle near National
Highway No 1, and were used as carriers of the goods that the bandits stole
from the people along the road. During one of the stops, a group of armed
bandits raped Armando Nhabanga's wife, forcing him to witness the scene.
Later, they forced him to have sexual relations with his wife, with his
father and mother, and the bandits, looking on. When-they ordered the father
of this future bandit to have sexual relations with his wife in front of his
daughter-in-law and son the old man flatly refused. They forced him to steal
cattle, something that he also refused to do.

46


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENCES IN QUALITY OF EDUCATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Feb 85 p 15

[Article by Sue Pleming]

[Text]

An analysis of last year’s matric results of pupils from different
education departments indicates a disparity in the quality of
education between the racial groups.

Education in South Africa is controlled by 18 departments,
including those of the independent national states and the
provincial white departments.

The racial groups write different exams.

Black candidates write the Department of National Education’s
examinations; coloured candidates write the exams from the
Department of Education and Culture, House of Representatives;
Indians write the Department of Education and Culture House of
Delegates exams.

White pupils write examinations set by provincial education
departments. For example, Transvaal pupils write the Transvaal
Education Department matric exams.

There are separate and independent education departments in the
independent and national states, although many homeland pupils
write the Department of National Education exams.

Only 52 percent of black pupils passed the Department of
National Education matric last year; 92 percent of white
candidates passed the Transvaal Education Department matric.
Although the Department of National Education pass rate was

2 percent higher than in 1983, it was still embarrassingly low
_compared with the Transvaal Education Department pass rate.

” Of the 15 365 non-homeland pupils who wrote matric 12,6 percent y
received university entrance. r
About 48 percent of white Transvaal Education Department
pupils gained university entrance passes.

Only 15 percent of 1 337 black candidates passed the Joint
Matriculation Board exams last year.

The acting secretary of the Joint Matriculation Board in
Pretoria, Mr Ulrich Fischer, said the high failure rate for

blacks was caused by pupils writing the exams without re-
ceiving tuition.

Of the 1 245 full-time white Joint Matriculation Board can-
didates, 908 qualified for university entrance, 248 gained school
leaving certificates and 89 failed.

Dr Ken Hartshorne, ex-director of education planning at the
Department of Education and Training and member of the De
Lange Commission, said black education quality was slipping.

. The poor competency of both teachers and pupils in English,

now used to teach at secondary schools, had contributed to
the deterioration of black education, he added.

91



JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

LIBERIA

UNLIKELIHOOD OF DOE REMAINING IN POWER EXPLAINED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Feb 85 pp 6, 7

[Text] Samuel Doe's regime has increased its.efforts to prevent the registra-
tion of opposition political parties. It is almost inconceivable that Doe
could win fairly in the presidential elections due in October. However, he
clearly wishes to retain power, despite the overwhelming popular dislike of
his regime and the growing chance of serious bloodshed, Apart from the
thuggery, corruption and gross mismanagement prevalent in the regime, there
are two key points to consider:

--The army. For the first time in several years, enlisted men (as opposed to
officers) are being paid late. No pay was received before Christmas; January
pay was late and in some cases is still due. During past financial crises
the view from the Executive Mansion (head of state's office) was that officers
could not afford late payment but that the ranks should be paid on time--at
all costs. That they have not is testimony both to incompentence and the
severity of the financial crisis (see below).

~The Americans. Washington now regards Doe as a political liability.

America has useful strategic assets in Liberia which could be jeopardised by
continued political and economic collapse. The broad American policy now is
to help squeeze Doe out as painlessly as possible. Hence American insistence
on multi-party elections. Bill Swing, the American ambassador who has extend-
ed his tour of duty in order to see through the elections, survives persistent
attempts by the Executive Mansion to have him recalled permanently to Washing~
ton.

The lifting last July of the ban on political activity resulted in a flurry of
opposition organisation. (For a detailed analysis of parties see AC Vol 25
No 23). The first hurdle towards registration as a party was the Special
Elections Commission (Secom) edict that parties would have to put up $50,000
cash and $150,000 of collateral. The three main opposition parties, the
Liberian People's Party (LPP), United Peoples' Party (UPP) and the Liberian
Action Party (LAP) managed to find the money. The opposition has harassed
continually, but by the end of last year the "electoral process" was seen to
be edging forward.

29



RIFKIND'S STATEMENTS ON SA'S THREATS TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES

Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 7 Feb 85 p 1

{Article by Jowitt Mbongwe]

[Text]

GABORONE: The British
Secretary of State for Forelgn
and Commonwealth Aftairs,
Mr Malcolm Rifkind has said
that his country was naturally
disturbed by South African
threats to neighbouring
countries.

The Botswana Government
warned the nation in a
statement this week that there
was an imminent invasion
from Bophuthatswana, a
threat which was repeated

by the South African Foreign |

Minister Mr Pik Botha.

Responding to a question
ata press conference held at
Radio Botswana on Tuesday,
Mr Rifkind said that the British
Government would take steps
to ensure that Botswana
maintains its stability, peace
and integrity.

As in the past he said, the
British Government will make
representations to South
Africa on the threat it issued
to Botswana through the
Bophuthatswana homeland,
that it will invade Botswana if
Gaborone does not stop the
ANC cadres which
Bophuthatswana claims are
allowed passage through its
territory.

Mr Rifkind told over twenty
journalists at the press
conference that Botswana's
record on maintaining its
policy of not being used as a

13

springboard for attacks on
neighbouring countries was.
commendable.

He noted that Botswana
prosecutes anyone caughtin
illegal possession of arms.

On the recent proposal by
South Africa to grant Blacks
greater say in its so called
politicial reforms, Mr Rifkind
said: “It is a welcome move
for as long as it will bear
fruits.”

“If they introduce reform,
we'll welcome it,” said the
British Minister, adding that
failure to realise the proposed
reforms, will not get any
British or international
enthusiasm.

He observed that the
Nkomati Accord signed
between Mozambique and
South Africa has brought
some significant changes in
the Maputo/Pretoria
relations.

Mr Rifkind said the Nkomati
Accord has brought some
improvement to the econony
of Mozambique but warned
that the success of the Accord
depends on how both
signatories adhere to its
provisions.

Mr Rifkind said that there
is a factual connection
between the withdrawal of
Cuban troops from Angola
and the Namibian Indepen-
dence but that the linkage is

JPRS- SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

BOTSWANA


Their predictions frightened him so
much he did not attempt to have the
play published or performed and he did
not even keep a copy of the manuscript.

“J was scared,” said Mr Sepamla,
director of the Federated Union of
Black Artists (Fuba), this week about
the play he completed 21 years ago.

Since then Mr Sepamla has written
many more manuscripts.

His latest is scheduled for publication
in the next few months, but he doesn’t
want to talk about it.

“J don’t want it to be banned as soon
as it comes out,” he said.

Mr Sepamla, a leading member of one’
of the small group of black South Afri-
can writers, is no stranger to bannings.
His third book, a collection of poetry
about student unrest called “The Soweto
T Love”, was published in London in 1977
and found to be “undesirable” in South
Africa.

His second novel, “A Ride On The
Whirlwind”, at first suffered a similar
fate but in 1982 the ban was lifted on
appeal.

Mr Sepamla, who is sharply critical of
censorship, refused to appeal personally
against the ban on “A Ride On The
Whirlwind” as he is one of the writers

He's the Man Who Slackens the Shackles

CHIEF censor Professor Kobus van
Rooyen prefers to let his judgments
speak on his behalf.

‘As chairman of the Publications Appeal
Board, he believes his position as a
judicial officer precludes him from
making public statements which say
too much about the motivation behind
the board’s decisions.

In spite of this, the youthful Professor
Van Rooyen has become known as the
driving force behind the relaxation of
South Africa’s strict censorship laws.

His board has lifted bans on films pre-
viously not allowed into the country
and has allowed the showing of scenes
which once would automatically have
been excised.

The Durban-born academic, who at 27
became the youngest professor at the
University of Pretoria, has also tried
to ease the restrictions on works con-
taining political views that differ
from those traditionally allowed.

His views have been welcomed, and
Professor Van Rooyen prides himself
‘on the belief that since he took over
chairmanship of the board in 1980,

57

who has refused to lend legitimacy to
the censorship system by participating
in it.

Instead, his publisher appealed
against the finding that the book — the
first novel about the 1976 Soweto riots —
was prejudicial to state security.

The Publications Appeal Board up-
held his application, finding that “revo-
lutionaries and potential revolution-
aries” would find their inspiration in
publications of a “more direct and incit-
ing nature”.

Mr Sepamla said his fear of having his
work banned had ended after the ban-
ning of his first book.

The shock had also put an end to the
self-censorship which Yad plagued him
since he wrote his first play about the
Defiance Campaign of the 1950s.

“I used to think twice before I used
certain words or phrases, but now I
have absolutely no fear when I write,”
he said.

Nevertheless the censorship system
had scared off many young black writ-
ers.

“It seems black writers have more of
a chance of being banned. There defini-
tely seems to be a double standard ap-
plied when it comes to white writers,”
he said.

few publications of merit have been
banned.

Approached for comment this week
about claims that black writers felt
themselves more likely to fall foul of
censorship than their white counter-
parts, Professor Van Rooyen said this
was not true.

”We look only at the author as a factor
in establishing the likely readership of
a book, but even then it is not a very
important factor,” he said.

»The idea is that there must be some
channel between blacks and whites.”
He has invited black writers to ad-
dress his board as a way of maintain-
ing dialogue.

Professor Van Rooyen referred to judg-
ments in which he had stated that
black writers could be granted more
allowances than whites because they
had fewer political forums.

He is also on record as saying that sharp
political criticism of government is a
characteristic of South African politi-
cal life.

Political criticism or criticism of na-
tional relationships should, conse-



JPRS- SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

ZIMBABWE

DEFENCE SECRETARY HAILS PEOPLE'S MILITIA IN FIGHTING DISSIDENTS
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] The people's militia has been "very effective" in tracking down dissi-
dents throughout the country, the Secretary for Defence, Cde James Chitauro
has said,

The militiamen had had a positive effect on the security of the people in the
areas where they had been deployed. "Their presence alone had an effect on
the bandits who would have been roaming those areas with impunity," Cde
Chitauro told The Herald,

The people's militia had helped the army in operations against dissidents.
"The residents can rely on the militia to come to their assistance much more
quickly than far-off units of the army."

The militia had relieved the regular army of guard duties at strategic points
like bridges and power stations. In that way they had enabled the army to
concentrate on conventional training.

Cde Chitauro said the Zimbabwe-Botswana Joint Commission on Defence and Secur-
ity had been successful in tracking down dissidents. Their operations were
“tactical”.

The Zimbabwe National Army and the Botswana Defense Force had co-operated well
and the defence and security arrangements between the two countries had been a
major success. Zimbabwe had defence and security bilateral agreements with
Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique.

The agreements covered all matters of mutual interest in defence and security.
The three countries also exchanged information and co-operation in personnel
training and other fields.

cso: 3400/705

110


JPRS-SSA- 85~-
22 March 19€

ZIMBABWE

JAPAN DONATES $3 MILLION WORTH OF RICE
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Feb 85 p 9

[Text] Japan yesterday presented Zimbabwe with 6 000 tonnes of rice worth $3
million. The $2,5 million transport charges were paid by Japan,

At the handing over ceremony at the Grain Marketing Board depot in Aspindale,
Harare, the Minister of Agriculture, Senator Denis Norman, said Zimbabwe had
great potential for rice growing.

"We are importers of rice, growing only between 10 000 to 12 000. tonnes an-
nually for local consumption. However, with the amount of expertise in our
research services and marketing fields we can boost our production and still
be left with a surplus."

Higher yields of rice were possible in Zimbabwe if the Government controlled
the production and marketing of the crop.

Zimbabwe grows rice under irrigation in the lowveld and vlei rice in the
Eastern Highlands. Only a few farmers were growing the crop on a large scale.

The Japanese ambassador, Mr Yoshifumi Ito, who presented the rice to Senator
Norman on behalf of his government, said Japan had confidence in Zimbabwe's

agricultural sector and the rice consignment underlined the friendship that
exists between the two countries.

cso; 3400/705

112


ZAMBIA

Briefs
Layoffs To Ease Budget Woes
Trade Agreement With Indonesia
Nationals Expelled From Sudan Arrive in Tanzania

Briefs
Diplomat on Drug, Charges

ZIMBABWE

Eastern Highland Set for Record Tea Crop
(THE HERALD, 19 Feb 85) wiseccccecccccceceesssssvesseeees

Defence Secretary Hails People's Militia in Fighting Dissidents
(THE HERALD, 21 Feb 85) secsceececcuceccccsececeuceuseeas

North Korea To Help Fund People's Co-ops in Chitungwiza
(THE HERALD, 20 Feb 85) sicscevcecevcecescescecscevcevces

Japan Donates $3 Million Worth of Rice
(THE HERALD, 21 Feb 85) .ceeesecescceccecesevcnereeereres

Organized Crime on the Rise
(THE HERALD, 18 Feb 85) ..

Electorate To Top 3 Million Mark
(THE HERALD, 15 Feb 85) ..

Nation Could Become Silk Center of Africa
(THE CHRONICLE, 11 Feb 85) .....

Government Buys More Land for Resettlement
(THE CHRONICLE, 11 Feb 85) ......

Briefs
Squatter Camp Transformed
China Boosts Tobacco Sales
Waiting List for Homes
Identity Forging Increases
ZIANA-APN Cooperation Agreement Signed

106
106
106

107

108

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117
117
117
118
118


HALF A MILLION STILL UNDER THREAT OF FORCED REMOVALS

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 17 Feb 85 p 9

{Article by Graham Watts]

[Text]

“THERE are removals and removals, of course. The
Honorable Member will agree with me that certain re-
movals are easy to carry out while others are not so easy.”

What the then Deputy Minis-
ter of Development and Land Af-
fairs, Mr Hennie van der Walt,
went on to demonstrate in this
reply in 1983 to the Conservative
Party's Dr Ferdie Hartzenberg
was that the not-so-easy ones
were nevertheless achieved.

That is what worries fieldworkers
of the Transvaal Rural Action Com:
mittee (Trac) who document remor
als and advise threatened communi-
ties. It also worries those
communities, of course, and their le-
gal representatives when they weigh
up the implications of the latest pro-
mise that forced removals are to be
‘suspended.

On the first, anniversary this week
of the forced removal of the Ba-
kwena people from Mogopa to a bar-
ren resettlement camp in Bophutha-
tswana, Trac fieldworkers anxiously
pointed out the holes in Minister of

-operation and Development Dr
Gerrit Viljoen’s promise to suspend
forced removals.

The biggest, they say, is summed
iP in the remarkable statement by

Ir van der Walt in which he de-
fended the government against the
CP's unfounded allegations that it
‘was not getting on with removals.

Direction

He quoted figures to show that .

under his direction about 360000

yple had been added to the popula-
Fons of the resettlement camps of
Onverwacht in the Free State and
Kwandebele in the Eastern Trans-
vaal alone.

“The Honorable Member knows
that we had to change our methods.
Circumstances forced us to change

89

our methods. Therefore it is not cor-
rect to allege now that the govern-
ment is no longer prey to re-
move people. I have just proved that
we caused 360 people to move.
‘We caused them to move.”
then: “They moved of their
-own volition. If this is not an achieve-
ment, I don’t know what is.” ©
7 Trac this week recalled that
‘achievement’: and how Dr Piet
Koornhof made promises not long
‘before Mogopa was surrounded by
lice in the early hours of St Valen-
ine’s Day, 1984, and the government
went ahead with the removal no-one
thought they would dare.
, So when Dr Viljoen announced the
‘suspension of forced removals last

month, there was only a cautious ©

welcome.

- For one thing, he referred to about ©

25 to 30 ‘black spots’, including two of
the ‘world famous’ ones, Kwangema
and Driefontein. But there are many
more than that — 180 in Natal alone.
What the fieldworkers are saying is
that most removals are not black
spot ones, but the kind referred to by
van der Walt.

And Dr Viljoen left the door wide .

‘open when he said that those remov-
als agreed to by the leaders of the
people concerned would go ahead.

‘hat worries Trac and the threat-
ened communties’ lawyers is that
there is a long and distasteful record
of the government installing and
nurturing ‘leaders’ who are given to
accepting resettlement on behalf of
‘their’ communities, which happened
in the case of Mogopa. Indeed, as Mr
van der Walt showed, with a bit of
patience one can ‘cause’ 360 000 peo-
ple to move.

JPRS-SSA- 85-024
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-024
22 March 1985

MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

INDUSTRIALIZATION PLAN--The government of Mauritius is putting the final
touches to an industrialisation plan which will delineate the main features

of its strategy in this regard. According to industry minister Kadress Pillay
1985 will see a start on a quantity of industrial projects which will enable
15,000 jobs to be created between March and December. The minister revealed
that investors were particularly interested in the rural areas where the
government intends to set up new "free processing zones". In 1984 a total of
47 new firms producing for export were established, and the number of jobs
created in the existing free zone went up 42 per cent. [Paris THE INDIAN
OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 9 Feb 85 p 8]

CSO: 3400/688

34


MIXED COUPLES MAY GET NEW RIGHTS TO FACILITIES FOR WHITES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 17 Feb 85 p 6

[Article by David Breier]}

[Text]

SOUTH Africa’s strict racial seg-
regation of white provincial
schools could be relaxed soon to
accommodate some children of
mixed couples if the Mixed Mar-
riages Act is abolished.

The Transvaal Provincial
Council, representing the most
rightwing of the four provinces,
is expected to follow the lead
given by Parliament, which will
soon examine the issue.

The Cape, Natal and the Free
State are not expected to resist
any move to open their provin-
cially-run white schools to the
children of legally-married
mixed couples.

Reformist spirit

The school issue is likely to
be the thorniest question to be
considered by the joint select
committee of Parliament exa-
mining the possible repeal of the
Mixed Marriages Act and Sec-
tion 16 of the Immorality Act.

Expectations that the walls of
apartheid will come tumbling
down when the two sex Acts are
abolished, are premature.

Parliament has undertaken to
continue the “social, educational
and constitutional ordering of
own communities”.

But there is no doubt that the
repeal of the two Acts will cre-
ate many new cracks in the
apartheid structure.

There is a strong possibility
that the committee will produce
a formula permitting the “col-

oured” children of mixed mar-
riages to attend white provincial
schools in certain cases.

Mr Douglas Gibson, leader of
the Progressive Federal Party
opposition in the Transvaal Pro-
vincial Council, said there was a
new reformist spirit in the NP
majority in the council.

He said he believed the prov-
ince would not stand in the way

,of the Government’s plan to re-

96

peal the two Acts.

The Conservative Party in the
provincial council has already
given notice that it will oppose
any such move. A CP motion ob-
jecting to the repeal will be de-
bated in the council next week.

Mr Derrick Watterson, NRP
MP for Umbilo and Natal lead-
er of the New Republic Party
which controls the province, said:
“As far as I am concerned, I
don’t care which school they go

He said there was a possibility
that the parliamentary select
committee would produce a
compromise formula on schools.

Permit formula

As children of mixed mar-
riages were likely to be classi-
fied “coloured”, they could be ex-
pected to attend coloured schools
or multiracial private schools.

But there were no coloured
schools in many parts of the
country outside the Cape, he said.
And private schools were too ex-
pensive for many families.

The government formula could

JPRS- SSA- 85-02.
22 March 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Among the demands
being put forward by the
MNR are that the chiefs
who were installed by the
Portuguese before Mo-
zambique’s independence
in 1975 should be brought
back to power and that
the property of the Por-
tuguese settlers which
they had abandoned when
they left should de
restored to them and
guaranteed to them by

constitution.

‘These points are only
coming out now and this
ia the positive aspect of
Nkomati; it has forced
then to reveal them-
selves,” he said.

. Asked if he thought
Frelimo would be able to
gain the support of the
peasants to resist the:
new demands being made
by the MNR, he said:

“The mass of the
peasants in Mozambique
_ are war-weary and the
situation is very difficult
for them with this de-

struction but the mass of

the peasants in Mozam~
pique do not want the
chieftains to come back
because they recognise
them ag their oppressors,
tools of the Portuguese,
something like chiefs in
. Sauth Africa today.
| “The masses do not
{want them to come back
whatever may be the
‘mistakes and difficulties
of the government.”
Turning to — evaluate
what Mozambique has
gained by signing the
Nkomati ' non-aggression
pact with the Pretoria
regime in March last
year, Cde Braganca said
the pact should be under-
stood in ite historical
context. He said there
had existed a state of un-
declared war between
Mozambique and South
Africa from 1964. From
1967 he said there were
as many as 2000
elements of the South
‘African army fighting
against Frelimo inside
fozambique.

cso: 3400/728

COMPROMISE

A war you finish either
by smashing the enemy
or. you sit down at the
table and discuss a com-
promise, he said, Mozam-

que decided to “put an
end to the undeclared .
war because it realised it
could not smash South;
Africa and neither did’
South Africa think it
could smash Frelimo and
occupy Maputo”, The
pact was to respect |
sovereignty, respect of
frontiers and not to
create subversive ac-'
tivities against each
other, he said.

“While Mozambique
hag respected the letter:
and spirit of the Accords, ‘
my own impression 18
that the insurgency has
continued -— ’ certainly
from South Africa — and
this is the problem,” Cde '
Braganca ‘said, He added
that he was not in a posi-
tion to say whether or
not the Accords would be
maintained or broken,

“I see that things are
not moving as the two
countries thought when
they signed the Accords.
‘The insurgency continues,
the MNR elements pene-
trate from South Africa
and there is evidence now
of arms . coming from
South Africa.”

Pressed on whether he
thought Frelimo had
made a mistake by sign-
ing the Accords and es-
peciallyby hurriedly ex-
pelling ANC cadres
while the Pretoria regime
was showing reluctance
to get rid of the MNR,”
Cde Braganca replied:

“It may be. e posi-
tion of Samora was to
apply the Accords im-
mediately after signing.
Now Frelimo applied the
detter and spirit of the
‘Accords, if the others
haven’t done it you can
see who are the people
who stick to their word
and who do not stick to
their word.

“Tt becomes clear now

37

to the world that they
don’t mean it.

MISTAKE

‘Hes Frelimo made a|
mistake or not? This is|
another problem. This in
a judgment historians
and the outside world will
do tomorrow but I ex-
plain to you the point of
view of Mozambique and
I share thig point of view.
I think Frelimo had to do
it and it did it.

“Now the negative as-
pects are that thingg are
continuing although the
destabilisation has not in-
creased after Nkomati as
imany observers say. .

“Destabilisation has in-
creased in a certain num-
ber of centres. The MNR
are doing activity in the
capital because it gives
more echo in the inter-j{
national arena and this isi
one of the big battles of |
the MNR sponsors who
are in Europe and with:

relationg in South!

Africa.” i

Cde Braganca stressed
however that he thought
there were positive as-
pects to the Nkomati Ac-.
cords, Firstly, the Por-!
tuguese backers of the
MNR have been forced to'
the surface and compelled
to show their  neo-
colonialist’ political co-
Tours,

Secondly, South Africa
State President, P. W.
Botha, who had been try-
ing to present himself as
& man of peace now
stands revealed to world
opinion as continuing to.
be a man of war. “His
isolation will be doubled,” ,
‘Céde Braganca said,

But above all, Cde
Braganca said the Ac-
cords have created a
schism within the ranks
of the South African
establishment, There are
those who want a “paci-
fied space” So they can.
invest and there are
others who want armed
conflict to continue, he
said, — Zimpapers Fea-
ture, Service, _