SATS R80M DEFICIT SLATED BY MUDGE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Feb 85 p 12

[Text]

cso:

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WINDHOEK. — The
transfer of SA Trans-
port Services (Sats) to
SWA with an expected
deficit this year of R80
million would add to
the financial burden of
a future government in
the territory, the chair-
man of the Democratic
Turnhalle Alliance, Mr
Dirk Mudge, said yes-
terday.

He was commenting in
Windhoek on an an-
nouncement by the South
African Minister of
Transport Affairs, Mr
Hendrik Schoeman, that
responsibility for Sats in

«SWA would be handed

over to the territory’s ad-
ministration from April 1.

Air transport, tourism
services and Walvis Bay
harbour would not be af-
fected by the move.

Mr Mudge asked why
Sats reserved certain ser-
vices for itself. “Must we

* only take the loss side?”

The territory was -en-
titled, among other
things, to revenue from
passenger services on
flights abroad.

Mr ‘Mudge said far-
reaching decisions. were
often taken about SWA
without consultation.

A spokesman for the
office of the Administra-

tor-General, Dr Willie
van Niekerk, said a state-
ment would be issued to-
day after he had studied
complete documents of
the Transport Budget
speech.

The executive commit-
tee member charged wi
agriculture in the admin-
istration for Whites, Mr
Jannie de Wet, said in-
creased transport tariffs
would partly wipe out an
estimated R22 million in
relief granted to farmers
since the beginning of the
year.

The managing director
of Swawec, Mr Polla
Brand, said an increase of
eight percent in the tariff
for coal transportation
meant an effective in-
crease of 14 percent to
SWA.

It would be difficult to
maintain the _ existing
price structure of electric-
ity supply, he said.

The chairman of the
Meat Producers’ Associa-
tion, Mr. Justice Chris

+ Mouton, said a 12 percent
increase in railage of live-
stock would add between
R6 and R7 a head of cat-
tle to the marketing costs
at Cape Town market.

Farmers would not be
able to recover the cost
increases, he said. —
Sapa.

54

NAMIBIA


He said that with the help of ancillary health services such as the Depart-
ment of Health, inoculations could be done in a week,

Meanwhile, at a meeting oetween the Chief Commissioner in the Department of
Co-operation and Development, Mr Timo Bezuidenhoud, and the Crossroads com-
munity leader, Mr Samuel Langa, Mr Bezuidenhoud was asked for more time to
allow calm to be restored in the camp.

Mr Langa had given an undertaking to talk to the residents at Crossroads
during a previous meeting with Mr Bezuidenhoud on Tuesday, and was to have
reported back to Mr Bezuidenhoud yesterday.

The PFP's chief spokesman for co-operation and development, Mr Ray Swart,
yesterday gave notice that he would call for a snap debate on the Crossroads
unrest.

He gave notice that he would move in terms of Standing Order No, 23 that the
House adjourn to debate a matter of public importance, the Crossroads situ-
ations.

He issued a statement later saying that in the past week the PFP had made
several approaches to the Government to express "our mounting concern over
the on-going uncertainty about the future of the peoplé of Crossroads."

The Minister of Co-operation and Development and of Education, Dr Gerrit
Viljoen, had assured them that he was taking urgent steps to deal with the
situation, "but we believe that it is in the public interest » particularly as
far as the Western Cape is concerned, that the matter be fully ventilated in
Parliament at the earliest available opportunity.

"For that reason, after negotiation with the Speaker, we have called for an
urgent debate to discuss the issue," Mr Swart said.

The tragedy of the riots and unrest in Crossroads and elsewhere in the country
over the past few months was that it could have been avoided, Mr Pat Rogers,
the New Republic Party spokesman on co-operation, development and education
said in Cape Town yesterday.

"It is the old story of too little too late--the National Party's knee-jerk
reaction to one crisis after another," he said in a Press statement.

CSO: 3400/660

118


even though everybody but a seer would have been hard put to it ‘recog-" ;
“ nising the publication as the same statement as the one read by Mr Fui
Tsikata at the Accra Community Centre.

Luckily there were other media people at the press conference, over whont |
Mrs Sackey has no control and the AFP--the French News Agency, for example,
filed a story and The Times of London carried a short version. We publish
below, the Times story and the People's Daily Graphic published version.
When we get a full copy of the original statement, we shall publish ‘it ‘for
the benefit of our readers.

It might be pointed out that Mr Fui Tsikata who read the statement was not
mentioned at all in the Graphic story. But they did mention Father Joop
Visser, a Dutch Roman Catholic priest--the good Father came to fame in
1987/79 for his work in his parish in Madina, a suburb of Accra. He is
said to believe in liberation theology and was very concerned about the
plight of the poor in his parish. He identified himself very much with
the first coup of Flt-Lt Rawlings in June 1979. After the hand over to ex~
President Limann his brand of theology was found by the authorities to be
irritating and he was deported by Limann for interfering in the internal
affairs of Ghana. When Flt-Lt Rawlings seized power a second time, he
asked Father Visser to come back and he has, until now, been one of the
strongest supporters of the Flight-Lieutenant.

The other named signatory, Mr Karikari, was one of the earliest people to
jump on the bandwagon of the December 31 coup. He was awarded for his’
enthusiasm by being appointed a Director-General of Ghana Broadcasting
Corporation. In September last year, however, he was asked to go back to the
University of Ghana, whence he came, "to strengthen the teaching staff" in
one of the moves that was widely interpreted as clipping the wings of the
revolutionaries and bringing in traditionalists or, to employ Mr G. Adali
Morty's words, "bringing in sanity."

I shall leave any comments on the contents of Mr Fui Tsikata's statement |
till later when more information is available about those who constitute
the ‘disaffected ones' (the first stage to. becoming dissidents, I am told).

In the meantime, it is possibly worthwhile to quote what can only be very
strange words attributed to Dr Kwasi Botchway, the Secretary for Finance
and Economic Planning, who joined the revolution, was one of the leaders
of the left wing on the University of Ghana and used to be very scathing
about IMF, World Bank and other such organisations. He was quoted as
saying: "I have been criticised by elements on the left, and in the same
vein, I have been praised by right-wing elements for abandoning Marxism.
Leaving aside the personal and subjective elements in this question, the
real question is what should a Marxist do, faced with the real situation :
in Ghana, the monetary and fiscal situation, the condition of the various *
sectors of the economy, the objective of feeding the péople, the living
conditions of the masses of the people, not from the point of view of any’
ideal conditions existing in one's head, but the real conditions on the
ground.

20


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3400/673

and found the task of curb-
ing crime risky.

The points of order came
from Mr Mufaya Mumbuna
(Nalikwanda), Mr Namushi
Namuchana (Liuwa), Mr
Wisdom Mvula_ (Nkana),
Mr Palakasa Chiwaya
(Chilifabombwe), Mr
Natala and Mr Albert Lim-
bo (Sinjembela).

Chairman of supply who
is Deputy Speaker of the
National Kee Mr

F ruling and
gave the minister a chance
to explain what he meant.

Mr Chomba stood up and
said: "I'm a servant of the
people and if I'm found
wanting I'm prepared to
resign.” he said and sat
down,

There was a hushed
silence in the House but
quickly followed by some
comments: "He has»
resigned.

Earlier, Mr Chomba said
efforts to prevent crime in

149

the country by the police
had = suffered setbacks
because of shortages of
manpower and equipment.

He ‘informed the House
that most stations operated
under strength and the

-volume of work per officer

was far too great.

Prime Minister Mundia
said the Government
wanted to amend - the
Constitution so that habi-
tual criniinals were denied
legal aid.

“We agree that there is
no need for us to provide
legal aid to a person who
has been charged before as
many times as six.”*

The Government shared
the concern of the MPs on
the issue “of legal aid
being extended to cri-
minals.

“It is the view of the
Government that the law
dealing with this provision
should be amended. Cri-
minals commit offences
because they know the

. Government will provide

legal aid.”



CZECHOSLOVAKIA PROPOSES ESTABLISHMENT OF BARTER TRADE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 Feb 85 p 5

[Text]

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CZECHOSLOVAKIA is
negotiating for possibilities

sto establish a barter trade

system with Zambia to
boost trade between the two
countries.

Vice-president of the
chamber of commerce and
industry for Czechoslovakia
Dr Pomein Matuska who is
leading a powerful trade
delegation, said this when
he met chairman of the
Zambia Industrial and
Commercial Association
(Zincom) Mr Vernon
Mwaanga in Lusaka yester-

jay.

Dr Matuska said Czecho-
slovakia was at present
unable to export goods to
African countries because
‘of the foreign exchange pro-
blems they were facing.

He said it was important
for Zambia and Czechoslo-
vakia to introduce the
barter trade system as no
foreign exchange would be
involved.

144

Dr Matuska said the pur-
pose of his delegation’s trip
to Africa’ was to promote
the mutual understanding
which’ already exists and in-
crease trade links between
Czechoslovakia and
African states.

He was confident that
members of his delegation
would learn new ideas dur-
ing the exchange of views.
The delegation has already
been to Zimbabwe.

Mr Mwaanga told the
team that Zambia like any
other developing country
was going through econo-
mic problems.

He said the ailing eco-
nomy had made it possible
for Zambia to diversify into
agriculture to produce ex-
port oriented goods to earn
foreign exchange.

Mr Mwaanga said
Zincom through its mem-
bers was geared to respond
to the recently announced
Economic Crusade 1985.

ZAMBIA


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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


SOUTH AFRICA

PFP SLAMS GOVERNMENT ABOUT HOMELANDS, BLACK CITIZENSHIP
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Feb 85 p 4

[Text] Parliament--Black homelands citizenship and influx control were
key elements of the No-Confidence debate in the House of Assembly.

The State President, Mr P.W. Botha, yesterday attacked "anti-South African
propaganda" which referred to black homelands as "rural slums."

Later, the Government was criticised by both the Progressive Federal Party
and the Conservative Party for its policy on homelands and black citizen-
ship.

During his speech, Mr Botha quoted from a document attacking homelands in
which it was stated that 87 percent of South Africa's land was in white
hands.

Mr Botha said the land division was historical and the former British
protectorates of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, together with the
Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei would have constituted 57,7
percent of former British South Africa.

Agricultural potential in the black states was high and they could provide
food for 25-million people if land was properly used.

Mr Ray Swart (PFP, Berea) said forced removals and land consolidation had
brought not racial peace and harmony, but "increased tension, anger and
hostility."

More than half the total black population in South Africa lived in 13
percent of the land area which produced less than four percent of the gross
domestic product, Mr Swart said.

Government policy had been to encourage black people to move out of urban
areas into homelands.

"The rapid growth of population in homelands has caused a substantial

decline in material conditions of life in these areas and has increased
pressure for migration to the metropolitan areas."

114


CERER, which has achieved spectacularly good results from the programme,

has chosen as its second line of research the use of solar energy to preserve
foodstuffs by drying. It has concentrated its efforts on developing a solar
fish-drying plant. Senegal has enormous fishing resources, but preservation
techniques are for the most part rudimentary, and result in a wastage rate

of 40 to 60 percent. Whereas both self-employed fishermen and the fishing
industry use modern equipment catches are in the region of 380,000 to 400,000
tonnes a year.

If that production is to be properly used, proper processing techniques
just exist. CERER has therefore developed solar fish-drying plants for a
number of fishing co-operatives, with the result that the end-product is
not only obtained more quickly, but is of higher quality.

The success of this venture encouraged CERER to install a giant 100-square-
metre solar fish-drying plant in N'Guet N'Dar, a fishermen's district of
Saint-Louis, the former Senegalese capital and now the administrative
centre of the northern region, Other projects have been carried out on

the "Little Coast," in the region of Thies, and in other places where there
is organised fishing.

A third line of research undertaken by CERER has been the development of
solar water-heaters, with the aim of making them economic enough to replace
electric water-heaters. The government has set up the “Albert Daguerre"
Industrial Company for the Application of Solar Energy (SINAES) and given
it the task of popularising such equipment, which is for the moment being
offered at a special low price. All such action is aimed at meeting the
challenge of the energy crisis.

Senegal intends to prove, through the implementation of these various
programmes, that efficient use of locally available energy is one of the
solutions to that energy crisis. The exploitation of solar energy is
expensive, but, through photovoltaic techniques which enable the sun's
rays to be converted directly into electric current, Senegal is determined
to arm itself with a wide range of possible options in the sphere of solar
energy. The expert view is that such methods will never be able to meet
major needs; but for small schemes involving isolated villages, photovol-
taic techniques are certain to prove not only useful, but economic.

40 Percent Fuel Savings

Senegal has taken the bold step of seeking solutions in the sphere of thermo-
dynamics as well: its solar power station at Diakhao (in the Kaolack
region), which was built under the aegis of the National Electric Energy
Company, is the first of its kind in Africa. It shows that thermo-dynamic
principles, too, can offer a viable solution. Unlike photovoltaic tech-
niques, thermodynamics makes it possible to produce electricity without
converting solar energy. Although an expensive solution for large-scale
development schemes, it does offer an answer to the energy problem faced

by the developing countries.

63



SOVIETS DONATE VACCINES AGAINST CHILDHOOD DISEASES

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in

{Text ] THE Zambia Red Cross So-

cso:

ciety (ZRC) has received
30, doses of vaccines
from the Soviet government
all valued at about K3,000.

The vaccines which were
presented to the ZRC by the
Soviet Embassy. First Secre-
tary, Mr Arkadi Oreshenko
are meant to support the
Primary Health Care pro-
gramme by the society.

The drugs will be used to
immunise children against
various preventable diseases
such as polio in order to
reduce the infant mortality ra-
te in the country.

Speaking soon after recei-
ving the drugs, chairman of
the ZRC Dr Masheke Nalu-
mango, said the high infant
mortality in the country and
the Third World in gene-
ral, was causing great con-
cern.

He said what was most wo-

3400/672

English 8 Feb 85 p 3

rrying was the fact that the
deaths were being caused
by diseases which could be
easily prevented.

“It is in this light that
I see your donation as a
timely one because it has
come at atime when the
ZRC in conjunction with the
Ministry of Health has laun-
ched the Primary Health Care
programme aimed at creating
public awareness on health
matters,”” he said.

He said the ZRC had three
areas of action namely disa.
ster, preparedness and pre
vention, primary health care

147

and safety services.

“These drugs will there-
fore, be fully utilised in’ our
Primary Health Care prox
gramme and they will go a
Jong way in our efforts to
prevent a number of disea-
ses causing great  suffe-
ring to children,” Dr Nalu-
mango said.

In reply, Mr Oreshenko
told Dr Nalumango _ that
Zambia and the Soviet Union
were enjoying a lot of co-
operation in various fields
which needed to be streng-
thened even further.

He said the donation of
the vaccines which was ini-
tiated by the Red Cross
Society in that country was
a testimony of the good and

warm relationship existing”

between organisations in
the two countries.

He said the drugs had been
donated to the ZRC in order
to supplement efforts the
society was making in its bid
to alleviate child suffering.

ZAMBIA


National Electrical Engineering Research Institute

It has been generally ac-
cepted in informed circles
that if South Africa is to
remain competitive in its
manufacturing industries,
there will be a major swing
to robots and automation
to enhance operator skills.

On the other hand, the '

promise of electrically dri-
ven cars, which it was
hoped would create a new
industry, has not been ful-
filled due to present day
battery limitations and the
fact that ‘current research
is winding down.

It is against this type of
background that the Na-
tional Electrical Engineer-
ing Research Institute
(NEERI) works closely
with industry, sharing suc-
cess and failure in a’ dy-
namic development
environment.

The institute's research
facilities and development
activities fall under the four
broad categories of Elec-
tric Power, Industrial
Electronics, Cybernetics
and Micro-electronics.
Each of these departments
is broken down into a num-

ber of divisions to accom-
modate specialist activities.

Inevery sphere, NEERI
is well equipped to deal
with any problem and has
a vast array of specialised
equipment at its disposal.
Its Power Department, for
example, has commis-
sioned comprehensive fa-
cilities for high voltage
research in the form of an
impulse generator with a
maximum energy of 380 kJ
at 3,3 MV.

Controlled experiments
are now being carried out
‘on systems insulation pa-
rameters as an extension of
the more statistical studies
of disturbances caused by
lightning discharge. A fa-
cility for research on en-

gineering parameters for ;

insulation at higher alti-
tudes is thus available to
manufacturers and design-
ers of high voltage equip-
ment.

This facility has been”

expanded by the acquisi-

. tion of new equipment for

high voltage AC research
comprising a 1 000 kV
1 Amp cascade system.

National Timber Research Institute

The National Timber Re-
search Institute has shown
that it is one of the most
advanced timber research
institutes in existence and
has a record that boasts
many world firsts. This is
the claim of the Institute’s
chief director, Dr Tony
Pizzi.

“And,” he says, ‘‘this
claim is made in a country
that is not generally recog-
nised as a major timber
producer.””

The ‘reason, he main-
tains, is that because of the
fairly difficult timber sit-
uation in this country, there
has been greater techne-

logical impetus to b: ch
better control and ui
tion through reseat~h. An-
other significant “actor is
the size of the } -cal indus-
try which br:2gs in ap-
proximately 6,7% of the
country’s GNP and pro-
vides 11,5% of the jobs in
the country.

Among its many suc-
cesses the NTRI has made
a considerable contribu-
tion to locally developed
tannin-based adhesives.
This has led to the export
of several million rand’s
worth of these adhesives
per year. Another devel-
opment has been phenolic

74

Already, the developed
industrial countries of the
world have taken major
strides into the world of
robotics and automation.
Trends in this direction are
being closely monitored by
the Industrial Electronics
Department to keep South
Africa up to date on all the
Jatest developments.

On the practical side, a
tesearch, project aimed at
developing expertise of
importance to local indus-
try has already been
Started. The aim is to in-
vestigate techniques by
means of which the design,
manufacture and testing of
printed circuit boards can
be integrated and ‘auto-
mated whére necessary. It
will be carried out in
close association with the
Cybernetics Department.

People and machines re-
quire communication sys-
tems and — control
mechanisms to function
efficiently and effectively.
Currently the Cybernetics
Department of NEERI is
concentrating its efforts in
the fields of research into
the fundamental aspects of

fast-set ‘thoneymoon’”’ ad-
hesives for both finger-
jointing and laminating of
timber. This has saved the
country at least R2-million
per year.

In another area, the more
exact and efficient meth-
ods of stress-grading
structural timber devel-
oped by the NTRI provide
potential benefits to the
timber and construction
industry which have been
quantified at approxi-
mately R20-million per
annum. An equivalent
R20-million a year can be
saved by the pulp and pa-
per industry through im-

information theory, signal
processing and computer
technology. During the
course of its association
with industry, the Cyber-
netics Department has
played a significant role in
the establishment of a local
mini-computer industry.
Special facilities avail-
able includes a twin min-
icomputer system with a
fast array processor for real
time analysis up to
100 kHz with the neces-
sary peripherals for data
storage, digital and ana-
logue inputoutput systems
with facilities for spectral
analysis, correlation, real
time filtering simulations
and other functions.
Among ‘the high-priority
Projects are the expansion
of the high voltage re-
search programme, ex-
pansion into computer-
integrated manufacture
(CIM) and robotics, re-
search in signal processing
and computer technology,
and finally, expansion in
the field of ICs and the use
of microelectronics to de-
velop more cost-effective
manufacturing.

Proved paper drying
techniques developed by
the Institute.

The NTRI is involyed in
many developments or
projects and Dr Pizzi lists
some of the more impor-
tant ones as:
© The development of the
Simsaw and Prolog com-
puter programs for optim-
ising sawing patterns in
sawmills.

@ The manufacture and
testing of laminated pine
railway sleepers.

© Piezo-electric stress-
grading of wood.

Development of more
effective mining mat packs;


BOTSWANA

FARMERS ABANDONING DROUGHT STRICKEN CAPE BORDER FARMS
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 20 Jan 85 p 2
[Article by Peter Wallington/

[Text] Farmers on the Cape/Botswana border are abandoning their farms _
and leaving behind thousands of labourers and their families without work
or food.

A white farmer in the drought-stricken area, Mr Tom Carroll, has said
unless something. is done the situation could become "another Ethiopia."

He is so moved by the plight of the black people there he has called for
their evacuation from the area.

Deserted

The Sunday Express visited the Vergelee community on the Botswana border
this week. More than a third of the farmhouses scattered over the barren
veld were deserted.

Mr Carroll, 73, said thousands of black women, children and old people
depended on farmers for their food. As crops failed and farmers left, |
workers were laid off and the situation became more desperate.

He said some farmers had to sell assets just to pay the interest on their
overdrafts while others had locked their doors and gone to look for work.

"The only other asset we have are our farms—-but who would want to buy
them?"

Black people drifted from one farm to another, setting up plastic shelters
in the veld. "We pay them a few rand to do odd jobs but they con't come
for the money, they dome for food for their children," he said.

Young men had gone to work at mines or border industries, but often did

not send money to their families. Mr Carroll said if nothing else could be
done the families should join them there before the winter. ,

10


SOUTH AFRICA

MINE SPOKESMAN DENIES FORCE USED ON RIETSPRUIT STRIKERS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Feb 85 p 5

[Text] Claims by the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) that more than 50
people had been injured in unrest at the Rietspruit opencast colliery near
Witbank were "absolute hogwash", a senior mine spokesman said yesterday.

The spokesman, Mr Allen Cook, deputy head of Rand Mines' coal division, also
dismissed NUM claims that Reitspruit mine security personnel were being used
to force strikers to return to work.

Rand Mines, joint owners of Reitspruit with the Shell company, on Monday is-
sued an ultimatum to striking Black staff to return to work yesterday or face
dismissal.

A NUM statement said yesterday: 'The mine has locked the main gates and has

turned Rietspruit into a concentration camp and curtailed movement of work-
ers."

Mr Cook described the allegation as "absolutely untrue".

The union also claimed it has received reports that its members were being
forced by mine police to return to work. Those who resisted were being paid
off,

It added the security personnel were using dogs, rubber bullets, and tear-
smoke on "passive miners".

Mr Cook said the last incident of unrest at Reitspruit had been on Sunday
evening when rubber bullets, dogs and tearsmoke were used to disperse a crowd
of about 150 workers advancing on White married quarters.

Mr Cook strongly disputed NUM's claim that 50 people had been injured. He
said there had been eight injuries by Sunday and most of the victims had been
beaten by union activists.

He denied people were being forced to return, “You don't get a day's work
out of a man who is being forced to work," he said.



SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN OIL SOUGHT

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 25 Jan 85 p 1

[Article by David Furlonger:

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA could be
self-sufficient in liquid fuel
within five years.

Analysts believe there are
enough stocks of coal and natu-
ral gas to more than satisfy the
country’s fuel needs. But they
say it needs decisive Govern-
ment action to take advantage

of them.
This week’s sudden rise in petrol
and diesel prices is e: tolead

to soul-searching in Govern-
ment and private sectors on whe-
ther there should be further invest-
ment in synthetic fuel processes.

‘Although Sasol supplies an esti-
mated one-third of South Africa’s
fuel needs with its oil-from-coal
process, the latest price increases

lemonstrate the country’s contin-
ued vulnerability to external forces
such as the boycott and the
strength of the dollar.

However, say the analysts, such
vulnerability is unnecessary. There
are enough natural resources both
on land and around the coastline to
more than satisfy SA’s liquid fuel

needs.

They estimate that the giant
Kudu gas field, off the coast of
South West Africa, is rich en: to
provide between 40% and 50% of
our fuel needs.

One analyst said yesterday:
“Kudu could be up and going within
three or four . Then you add
another year for the politicians to
waste time, and you're still ready in
five years.”

Suck swift develo ment world be
dependent on Kudu’s
piped straight to existing refineries

"SA Could Make All Its Own O11 Within 5 Years")

near Cape Town.

The analysts admit, however,
that the Government and other po-
tential Kudu investors are worried
at the prospect of spending millions
of rands on establ e field,
only to see it fall into of ’ hands
when SWA becomes independent.

“You have to a at SWA
Will go one day,” Sal an anal;
“On the other hand, whoever
comes the government there will
have to deal nicely with Kudu.
Natural gas doesn’t travel well, so
the only real market for the field is
South Africa.” .

The Mossel Bay field, off the.
Southern Cape coast, is also a po-
tential source. With its resources
alongside those of Sasol and Kudu,
“we could create between 90% and
100% of our fuel needs in this coun-

from resources.

south of Beira, which could be three
times as big as those at Mossel

Bay”. -

‘Turning gas to liquid fuel is al-
ready a proven overseas,
nota in “Australia and New Zea-
land. Mobil oil company is also
understood to have developed such
a .

Poaucer of gud fuel fama gas
any producer of liquid fuel as
moet find a market for chemicals
arising from the process.

“Sasol makes fuel but it also mar-
kets a lot of chemicals arising from
its operation. It would be very diffi- '
cult to set up a fuel-from-gas -
tion without also finding a market
for the chemicals.” .

Even so, natural gas as a source

‘ of liquid fuel still appears to hold :



Command politics have to be shed. And by flexing their muscles blacks have
helped bring home that reality.

--Gone is the strict application of linkage between plack city-dweller and
homeland. Where it is desired, fair enough; but it is to be a matter of
choice and not enforced.

—-Gone is the idea that blacks are merely temporary residents of so-called
white South Africa. Though publicly stated before, the speech has again
emphasised the point with practical applications to come.

-—-Cone is the off-beam notion that withholding of property rights for
blacks underlines their impermanence.

--Gone is the policy that ultimately there shall be no plack citizens of
a white South Africa.

--Gone is the idea that blacks in white South Africa or the self-governing
states shall have no say in central decision-making.

--Gone is the notion that the independent black states, and the citizens
they represent, should be completely cut adrift.

Taking the historical and political investment in such sanctified "princi-
ples," one can only say that. such excision--and the admission theredf--
called for a certain braveness.

And in this vein, the State President significantly recognised that problems
between Government and blacks do exist, that there are pottlenecks causing
frustration.

Yet there were none of the old excuses, like blaming it all on agitators.

The new determinant is "to give everyone a share in the decision-making
processes that touch their interests"--nothing less than a new commonality.

Conjoined

And ‘raising eyebrows even further, Botha said, "This goal applies to all
the communities in South and Southern Africa."

In that statement one clearly reads not only participation for all black
South Africans in a power brokerage up at the high centre, but also a
drawing in again of the TBVC countries: although independent, they are
offered a say in actions of the RSA that touch them, and vice-versa.

From this could come an interstate organisation closer-knit than either

NATO or the European Community; the groundwork, after all, has already been
laid by the elaborate multilateral system currently operating.

69



GHANA

COMMANDER EXPLAINS ABSORPTION OF BORDER GUARDS
AB281025 Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 28 Feb 85

[Excerpt] The commander of the 2d Infantry Brigade, Colonel Saidu Ayuma,
has denied that border guards were absorbed into the military as a puni-
tive measures against the guardsmen. He said it was an attempt to bring
all land military operations under one army commander. Col Ayuma there~-
fore described the rumors that the border guards were disbanded or dis-
solved because of ineffectiveness as an attempt to sow seeds of discord
among units of the armed forces.

Col Ayuma was addressing a news conference in Tua as part of an adminis-
trative tour of military establishments under his command, He explained
that the exercise is also aimed at displaying military prominence and the
roles and responsibilities of the military at the country's borders as a
deterrence against external aggression. He announced that the airborne
corps at Tamale is to control the borders in the Norther, Upper-East, and
Upper-West Regions while the 4th Battalion of infantry takes over the
border post in the Ashanti Region and the 3d Battalion is for that of the
Brong-Ahafo Region.

CSO: 3400/669

27



Questions in Parliament were one of the most valuable tools of a democracy.

Other areas likely to be affected by the restriction include housing, social
welfare and health.

CSO: 3400/608

98


There is, of course, a choice that has always been open
to the General dating back to April 1980 when he set
himself the task of liberating the Liberian people — he
can always decree himself the Head of State as he already
is and carry on as such for as long as he pleases. There
would not be very much that can be done about that. As
he himself has said on occasion, there are two methods of
coming to power, you are either voted into power by the
People, in which case, you have to listen to them or you
put yourself in power in which case you are largely free to
listen only to your own conscience.

The ban that has been placed on the United People’s
Party (UPP) of Mr Gabriel Baccus-Matthews, for example,
can only heighten a lot of anxieties and lead to the
possible conclusion that anybody or organisation that
Opposes Gen Doe is not likely to get very far in the
campaign.

Electioneering in Africa has a character all its own,

some of the peculiarities dictated by the facts of illiteracy,
lack of adequate roads and transportation and
communication difficulties in general.

The printing of pamphlets and posters becomes an
indispensable part of the campaign and can hardly
constitute grounds on which a party can be banned.

In much the same way, it is difficult to appreciate the
reasons for closing down the ‘Daily Observer’ once more
again. Supposing that the ‘Observer’ is indeed guilty of ali
the charges laid against it by the Justice Minister Mr
Scott, they hardly constitute grounds for closing down the
Paper. The most serious of the ‘charges’ is that the
‘Observer’ has constituted itself into an opposition to the
government or some would say to the party led by Gen
Doe. He surely couldn't have hoped to achieve such an
aim without some opposition. The existence of an
opposition paper — if that is what the ‘Observer’ was —
would be an important ingredient in Gen Doe's plans for
free and fair elections.

As for the other reasons given by Mr Scott to justify the
closure of the ‘Observer’, they come as an
embarrassment to a government trying to gain
credibility. How the ‘Observer’ places its stories on its
pages is a decision that rests solely on the professionals
that work on the paper and cannot be decided in the
Executive mansion.

\f the newspapers were to take Mr Scott's words
seriously, even Gen Doe himself might soon find that he
will be afflicted with an acute case of over-exposure. They
will place his photographs and his words on the front
Pages everyday, bn the days that he has not uttered any
words, they will try to print his dinner table conversation.
After a fortnight of it, Gen Doe will likely find that his
countrymen would be turned off completely from him.
For, too much of everything, even of the best in life, can
prove too much.

34


RANCHING 'FACES COLLAPSE"

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 22 Jan 85 p 3

[Text]

CSO:

3400/662

WINDHOEK — The agricultural economy and the
cattle industry in SWA/Namibia are facing collapse
unless the country gets copious rains soon.

‘The seven-year-old drought had resulted in a degen-‘
eration of pastures almost beyond Fehabilitation, Mr
Jannie de Wet, MEC for Agriculture, told newsmen.

He said the country had only half the cattle it had a
few years ago and that the country was in danger of
being denuded of livestock.

‘Thousands of farm labourers are being retrenched
because of the drought, leading to the growth of the
country’s first slums.

According to Mr De Wet many of the country’s
100 000 farmers are flocking to the towns.

@ While the mandated territory suffers, dam levels
are continuing to rise in the Transvaal. Heavy falls
have fallen in the far-Northern Transvaal.

Many parts of the Transvaal have already exceeded
their average rainfall for January, and more soaking
rains have been predicted for the province, Natal and
the Free State.

Many roads in the border areas are impassable with
the Limpopo and its tributaries in flood.

Bushveld cattle ranchers, who sold large herds dur-
ing the drought, face important challenges. Many are in
dire financial straits but need cash to buy livestock.
Interest rates are prohibitive.

Mr Edmond le Roux, the Department of Agricul-

* ture’s Assistant Director for Western Transvaal, said

widespread rain had come just in time to save maize
planted in late November.

‘The,Eastern Transvaal has had falls of well above
average for the period from July to December.

‘The Hartbeespoort Dam is now 40% full, up 11% on
last week. Even the Vaal Dam has shown an improve-
ment — up 1% to 17,75%.

Dams in the far north are on average 50% fuller than
‘a week ago with at least three overflowing. — Sapa

59

NAMIBIA


KAUNDA EXPLAINS INCREASED SOUTH AFRICA TRADE

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 5 Feb 85 pl

_ [Text]

cso:

3400/671

TRADE between South Afri-
ca and Zambia is increasing
but this is not out of the la-
tter’s choice, _ President
Kaunda lias said in the in-
terview with a South African
journalist.

Dr Kaunda said that trade

between’ the two countries
“was increasing because of
historical and geographical
factors.
5 The President explained
that due to these factors Zam-
bia found herself trading with
South Africa sometimes wi-
“thout ‘intending to do so as
Zambia’s traditional Western
Partners had outposts in South
Africa.

“Even when we want to
buy from them (Western par-
tners) they would refer us to
South Africa,” Dr Kaunda
told Barry Streek who had ear-
lier said he had seen a lot of
South African goods in Lu-
saka’s shops.

Zambia being a land-locked
country incurring high trans-
portation costs has a policy
of buying from the cheapest
source and that source ha-
Ppens to be South Africa. and

143

this ‘‘is certainly against our
Political desire.’”

Zambia had taken steps to
reduce trade with South Afri-
ca shortly after attaining in-
dependence but .such mea-
sures were frustrated by the
declaration of independence
by rebels in then Rhodesia.

"Dr Kaunda readily admitted

that South Africa was a re-
gional economic power but
made it clear that Zambia
‘would never support that
country’s participating in
‘regional economic groupings
like the Southern African De-
velopment Coordination Con-
ference (SADCC) as long ‘as
apartheid survived.

Independent southern Afri-
can countries recognise South
Africa. as an independent
state but there was no way
these states could willingly
cooperate with South Africa.

Asked if he would welcome
South African _ investment’
in Zambia, Dr Kaunda re-
called that involvement of
South African private capital
in . Zambia’s economy ‘pre-
ceded the attainment. of in-
dependence. —ZANA.



AIRFORCE OPERATES DOMESTIC FLIGHTS--The Ghana Air Force will from Monday,
January 28, begin a daily domestic passenger flight between Tamale, Kumasi
and Accra.. The exercise, codenamed "Operation Air Link, will be conducte
in conjunction with the Ghana Airways and will be run on the same basis :

as the domestic flight of the national airline. Two Fokker 27 aircraft o 1
the Air Force will be in use with only one flying at a time. The operationa:
base of the exercise will be Tamale. There will be occasional flights fo
Sunyani and also Takoradi when the rehabilitation of the Takoradi runway Ss
completed. The aircraft_will depart from Tamale at 0800 and arrive a core
at 1030 each day. /Text/ /Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English Jan

pp, 4-3/

ETHIOPIAN CHILDREN WELCOME-~Ghana has offered to play host to a number of
famine-stricken children from Ethiopia subject to a favourable response
from the Ethiopian government, A report in "The Mirror" said that ‘the
decision was arrived at during a meeting summoned at the instance of Flt Lt
Jerry Rawlings, to discuss ways of helping Ethiopian drought victims. The
Ethiopian ambassador to Ghana has since been requested to find out the
opinion of his government on the offer. A task force has already been
formed to receive the Ethiopian children or consider other alternatives, if
the offer was not accepted by the Ethiopian Government. If the Ethiopian
Government accepted the offer, Ethiopian children and their parents would
be brought into both urban and rural areas where chiefs would be expected
to take direct responsibility for their well-being. This mode of hosting,
it went on, was considered better than creating refugee camps which would
only result in their isolation from the rest of_the community. /Excerpt/
/London TALKING DRUMS in English 28 Jan 85 p 23/

JAPANESE LOAN--The PNDC is to receive two grants totalling 210m cedis from
Japan. The agreements to this effect have been signed in Accra. The first
grant of 145m cedis is for the rehabilitation of the Ghana Broadcasting
Corporation while the remaining 65m cedis will be spent to improve maternal
and child nutrition programmes. /Text/ /London TALKING DRUMS in English
28 Jan 85 p 237

NEW AFRICAN TRADE UNION--A new international trade union organization, Pan-
African Health Trade Union, is to be formed under the auspices of the’
Organization of African Trade Union Unity [OATUU]. The nucleus of the union
is being formed by the Health Workers Union of Ghana and the Medical and
Health Workers Union of Nigeria. A communique issued in Accra said this was
the outcome of a series of consultations between the two industrial unions in
Lagos last month. The communique stressed the need to establish common objec—
tives at the subregional, continental, and international levels without sub-
ordinating each other's interests and aims. It called for regular exchange of
information between member unions in industrial relations and trade unionism
The communique Proposed that the continental health organization should aim at

able, Member unions, they said, should also endeavor to work together to
assist in defending each other's interest and promote good understanding and
close cooperation among members. The communique said the establishment of
the continental health body would enable medical and health trade unions in
Africa to have a say in the deliberations of the WHO through OATUU. [Text]
[Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMI 7 Feb 85 AB] ,

30


SENEGAL

RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER
London TALKING DRUMS in English 28 Jan 85 p 16
JArticle by Amadou Dieng/

Text] Senegal has shown itself to be a pioneer among African countries in
the promotion of fundamental and applied research into ‘renewable energy.

As long ago as 1955, five years before the country became independent,

Dakar University (the first university in French-speaking Africa) already
had an institute of meteorological physics in its Science Faculty.

The institute was subsequently named the Henri Masson Institute, in honour
of the first dean of Dakar University's Science Faculty, who was one of
the first people to realise that there could be no development without
research, As a result of its rigorous and wide-ranging research work, the
Henry Masson Institute soon became one of the country's leading research
bodies, and its reputation spread beyond Senegal's frontiers.

Three years ago, the institute had expanded to such an extent that it was
turned into a fully-fledged university institute and given a new name, the
Renewable Energy Study and Research Centre (CERER).

All research undertaken by the centre is geared to the needs of the rural
world. It is mainly focussed on the problem of how to obtain water. The
main line of research concerns the development of solar pumps or solar
motor—pumps, which use the energy from sunlight to extract water from the
ground.

This research programme aims essentially to solve water problems in villages
and pastoral areas. For despite efforts already made by the Senegalese
government, especially in the wooded and pastoral zone where most of the
country's livestock is concentrated, the problem of water is still a rela-
tively urgent one for the human and animal population, particularly at a
time when a long-term drought seems to have set in.

The programme has been given top priority by the government, which has,
moreover, worked out and begun to implement a national water plan. Thanks
to CERER's research, there are now many solar pumping stations in rural
areas; the centre has also helped to set up wind-powered pumping stations.

62


SOUTH AFRICA

CP CHALLENGE TO GOVERNMENT ON MORALS ACT BREAKERS
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Feb 85 p 4
[Article by Chris Freimond/

[ext] Cape Town--In what could be one of the most serious setbacks so
far to Nationalist reform plans, coloured MPs were bitterly disappointed
yesterday by the Government's apparent unwillingness to scrap laws pro-
hibiting inter-racial marriage and sex.

And in a new twist to the controversy, the Conservative Party yesterday
challenged the Government to say if it would prosecute certain people whose
names it had supplied to the Police and to the Minister of Justice for
allegedly having sex across the colour line.

Many coloured MPs were understood to be disillusioned yesterday after the
Minister of Home Affairs, Mr F.W. de Klerk, told them in a debate in the
House of Representatives on Wednesday that another parliamentary committee
would be appointed to consider new aspects of scrapping the Mixed Marriages
Act and Section 16 of the Immorality Act.

It had been generally expected that the two Acts would be the first apartheid
measures to be scrapped by the new Parliament.

The move was considered essential, not only to prove the Government's good
intent regarding reform, but also to give some credibility to the partici-
pation in Parliament of coloured and Indian MPs.

The implications of Mr De Klerk's speech and the appointment of another
committee indicated that it was unlikely that they would be repealed this
session.

Labour Party sources said yesterday that there was a strong feeling among
many MPs that the Government was letting them down and deliberately delay-
ing the repeal of the laws to placate Rightwing whites.

Coloured MPs were unanimous in their total rejection of the measures and
demanded that they be repealed immediately.

99



SOUTH AFRICA

COURT MOVE TO EVICT MINE STRIKERS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Feb 85 pp 1, 2
[Article by Stephane Bothma]

[Text] An urgent application asking for an order for the eviction of 273
East Driefontein gold mine workers from a mine hostel after they had lost
their jobs for participating in an unlawful strike, was yesterday heard in
the Pretoria Supreme Court.

The application was brought by Gold Fields of South Africa (Ltd) and
Driefontein Consolidated (Ltd) against the National Union of Mineworkers

and 273 workers at the East Driefontein mine in the district of Oberholzer in
the Transvaal,

Mr Justice F Kirk-Cohen yesterday granted a rule nisi, giving the workers
the opportunity to show cause before February 27 this year as to why they
should not be evicted from the hostel and the property of the mine.

In an affidavit by Mr Barend Christiaan Oberholtzer, the manager of the East
Driefontein mine, it was yesterday stated that the workers are presently
unlawfully residing in one of theihostels.

"This is a very urgent matter as it is essential for the time to replace the
workers dismissed in order to restore full production. The accommodation is
required immediately to house the new workers," Mr Oberholtzer stated,

He claimed the presence of the strikers was having a disruptive effect on the
workforce and could spark off serious unrest, including violence and damage
to the property of the mine.

"I know from past experience that such unrest could spread to other mines,"
Mr Oberholtzer said.

He added that the strike had started on February 14 this year after a dis-

pute revolving around the subject of the presence of shaft stewards to repre-
sent members of the mineworkers' union in disciplinary hearings.

121



ZAMBIA TO PURCHASE MAIZE

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 18 Feb 85 pl

[Text]

cso:

ZAMBIAN Works and
Supplies Minister, Mr.
Haswell Mwale, left the
country for home on Fri-
day after signing an agree-
ment with the Malawi
Government under which
Zambia will buy 80,000
metric tonnes of maize
from Malawi.

Speaking to Malawi
News Agency on departure
at Kamuzu International

3400/690

Airport, Mr. Mwale said
hauling of the maize esti-
mated to cost about K14
million US dollars from
Malawi to Zambia would
start next month.

He described his visit as
successful. “We have fi-
nally signed an agreement
that Zambia should buy
80,000 metric tonnes of
Malawi maize as from
March,” he said.

40

The Zambian Minister,
who was scen off by the
Minister of Forestry and
Natural Resources, Mr. P.
Mtenje, also disclosed that
while in the cotintry he had
paid a courtesy call on the
Ngwazi in Kasungu.

Mr. Mwale said he had
told the Ngwazi that dis-
cussions the Zambian del-
egation had. with Admarc
officials were concluded
successfully.

MALAWI


of gravel bound with clay
or bitumen and rolled

"smooth was so successful,

that apart from a few in-
novations in surfacing ma-
terials, it has remained
substantially the same to
the present day. The only

| Significant parallel ad-
. vance has been the con-
. crete highway.

But the pioneering work
of these two Scottish en-
gineers did not foresee the
massive load forces that

: would be at work in the

late 20th century as ever
heavier vehicles brought
increasing stresses to bear.

In countries around the

" world, research has con-

stantly attempted to keep
pace with the increasing
demand for more and bet-
ter roads. With its vast dis-
tances and need for long-
haul commercial and pri-
vate vehicle traffic, South
Africa has made signifi-
cant progress in pioneer-
ing new road building
techniques and through the
National Institute for
Transport and Road Re-
search (NITRR) has made
important contributions
which are recognised and
accepted world wide.
Essentially the NITRR
is actively involved in three
important activities under
the broad categorisations,

transportation, road con-
struction and road safety.

Under these major
headings various groups
have been formed to re-
search and find practical
solutions to problems that
beset provincial, munici-
pal and private, sector
transportation authorities
that do not necessarily stop
at roads but involve almost
every type of transport and
infrastructure. The NITRR
brief spans every aspect
from improving public bus
usage to recycling of road
building materials and
computer modelling bridge
design.

The Pavement Engineer-

ing Group is responsible

for development of new

methods for the analysis

and design of road pave-

ments aad for testing and

evaluation of designs and

materials at laboratory and

emperical levels. Cre of
its prime concerns (and an.
area of significant achieve-

ment) has been to develop
testing methods and equip-

ment to aid its work.

It has, for example, pi-
oneered a novel method of
pavement testing by de-
velopment of a mobile
Heavy Vehicle Simulator
(HVS). Other important
projects include the devel-

National Institute for Informatics

A new institute — the Na-
tional Institute for Infor-
smatics (NIL) —
recently established at the
CSIR by amalgamating the
Centre for Scientific and
Technical Information
(CSTI) and the Centre for

was

new institute indicates rec-
cognition of the increasing
importance and mutual de-
pendence of information
and ‘computing technolo-
gies.

The CSTI provides in-
formation and library

Computing Services under __ services in the field of sci-
one body. ence and technology not
The establishment of this only within the CSIR, but

also on a national level,
particularly for industry.
The information service
makes use of computerised
access to a number of data
banks in South Africa, the

opment of a Traffic Axle
Mass Classifier which
measures the distribution
of axle loads for design
purposes, a Traffic Profile
Classifier which divides
vehicles into three distinct
groups, and a Traffic Data
Logger which measures
and records vehicle infor-
mation such as number and
spacing of axles, load per
axle and speed.

While many more words
could be written on the
various groups at work
within NITRR to improve
the national transport in-
frastructure, mention must
be made of the work of the
Bridges Group whose pri-
mary aim is to investigate
methods of analysing, de-
signing and maintaining
road bridges. The Group’s
work is largely directed to-
wards developing com-
puter programs which will
save manpower on design
and analysis and provide
engineers with more time
for other equally important
work,

In setting up the sophis-
ticated programs the group
has divided highway loads
into four categoric: — le-
gal, abnormal, very heavy
and superloads.

Heading the achieve-
ment list is a comprehen-
sive suite of programs

USA, UK and Europe.

(known as the GSC sys-
tem) for checking the abil-
ity of highway structures
to carry superloads. It is
ideally suited for the in-
vestigation of abnormal
load axle group loadings
and can be adapted for de-
sign of new bridges. While
this program was origi-
nally set up on large main-
frame computers, it is now
well within the realms of
the desk top PC and the
Bridges Group is in the
process of converting var-
ious programs for use on
the HP System 1000 mini
computer which is in sery-
ice with all Provincial
Roads Departments as well
as the Department of
Transport.

The volume.and value
of work being carried out
at NITRR is difficult to
quantify, but there is no
doubt of its exceptional
value to the nation.

A recent example is the
major cost —_ savings
achieved by methods de-
veloped to recycle existing
road surface materials
where up to 30% can be
utilised in new surface
mixtures. This has been
tried with success on the
24 km section of road un-
der construction between
Harrismith and Van Re-
enen in Natal.

The word ‘‘informat-

The CCS providescom- _ics’’ is derived from the
puting services for CSIR French ‘“‘informatique’’,
laboratories and institutes and encompasses the study
and for approved research of the processing and com-
Projects at universities, Via munication of information

a country-wide computer
communication network.
“The re-grouping of
these insitutes into the NII
also reflects the rapid ev-
olution of both computing
and information technol-
ogy as a factor both in sci-
entific and industrial
development,”’ said chief
director Mr V A Shaw.

82

by means of information
technology.

In turn, information
technology includes the
acquisition, processing,
storage and dissemination
of vocal, pictorial, textual
and numerical information
by means of computers and
telecommunications.


The fact that South Africa and Angola had been fighting an undeclared war
for the last 15 years was well known.

"Less well known is the nature of that war. It is mainly a ground war,
but it is not a case of a few Angolans armed with a few firearms against
the might of the SADF.

"The Angolans are extremely well equipped with the latest Soviet equipment.
Too Old

According to Gaines, South Africa's main problem is to replace old equip-
ment.

"The present fixed-wing front line force of Buccaneers, Canberras, Mirage
1lls and Mirage Fls backed by Impala lls is getting too old."

General Earp told Gaines: "Provision of follow-up fighter aircraft is my
greatest. worry.

"The threat build-up has been very fast, particularly since the peace accord
with Angola."

cso: 3400/592



MALAWI

Preferential Promotional Rates in Shipping Discussed
(Lance Ngulube; DAILY TIMES, 7 Feb 85) ..

Germany Pledges More Assistance
(DAILY TIMES, 4 Feb 85) ..sceeees

Road Link With Tanzania Increases Transportation Potential
(Duncain Chawinga; DAILY TIMES, 15 Feb 85) ..

Zambia To Purchase Maize
(DAILY TIMES, 18 Feb 85) ..eceeees

Sea Food Group Seeks Trade Links
(Samuel Chunga; DAILY TIMES, 22 Feb 85) ....+++

Briefs
Chirwa in Oil Talks
MALL
Briefs
Mali, Saudi Finance Agreement
MOZAMBIQUE
Military Conducts Sweep in Nampula Province
(Maputo Domestic Service, 22 Feb 85) ssssecesceseseeentees
Briefs
Flood Relief Appeal
PRC Ship Docks
NAMIBIA

Possibility of SADF Attack on SWAPO Headquarters
(Noel Bruyns; RAND DAILY MAIL, 19 Jan 85) ....-

Figures on Cost of War Given
(Jaap Boekkooi; THE SUNDAY STAR, 20 Jan 85) s.seveereeeess

Continuing 'Plunder' of SWA/Namibia Termed 'Scandal'
(A. H. Heard; CAPE TIMES, 7 Jan 85) sssseeeesececececeeres

SATS R80M Deficit Slated by Mudge
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Feb 85) ..sseee

More Tests Needed on Kudu Gas Fields
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Jan 85) ...-

37

38

39

40

4l

42

43

bby

45

45

46

48

50

54

55


MINES MAKE STRUCTURAL, STAFFING CHANGES

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 2 Feb 85 p 5

[Text]

cso;

ZAMBIA Consolidated _Co-
pret Mines Limited (ZCCM),

is announced major structu-
.tal changes involving some of
its operating divisions.

A ZCCM spokesman said
yesterday that the .changes
are in the interest of operatio-
nal efficiency and rationalisa-
tion. He said the two mines —
Chibuluma and Chambishi —
which presently form Kalulu-
shi have been separated.

Chibuluma mine will now
be managed by Nkana Divi-
sion, while Chambishi mine
will be administered by Ncha-
nga Division, except for the
Cobalt and Acid plants, which
will fall unger the manage-
ment of Nkana Division.

“This arrangement will
bring the management of both
cobalt plants and acid plants
in the company under one

division,” he said.

“of Ndola

3400/671

He said the management
Copper Refinery
would in the same manner be
transferred from Mufulira
Division to Luanshya Division.

“This move means that the
number of operating divisions
has been reduced from seven
to six, namely; Nchanga,
Mufulira, Nkand, Luanshya,
Konkola and Kabwe,"’ the
spokesman said.

He said the changes will be
effected from April 1,-1985.

He explained that the stru-
ctural
affect the employment and

changes would not .

145

welfare of all categories of
employees at the divisions
concerned.

The spokesman
announced that Mr

further
David

” Littleford, who has begn acting

general manager at Kabwe
Division is now confirmed as
general manager of that divi-
sion, The division’s general
manager, Mr David Shutt
has been transferred to the
Copperbelt to reinforce the
metallurgical consulting team.

The spokesman said David
Chilcott, manager mining
fi cithas been
promoted to -consultant and
transferred tu the ‘company "s
Copperbelt mining’ consulting
team.

Other staff changes annou-
need are: “ Chembe Phiri,

Luanshya’ Bivisian
rred toMufulita’ Division in
ihe same capacity.“In his place
comes Mr :Nelson Simukonda
from Konkola Division.

Mr Geoffrey Sikazwe, who
has been acting manager ad-
ministration, at Mufulira Divi-
sion, goes to Konkola Divi-
sion on promotion as manager

The appointments and tra-
nsfers are with effect from
February 1, 1985; the spo?
kesman said. *

ZAMBIA


MALAWI

PREFERENTIAL PROMOTIONAL RATES IN SHIPPING DISCUSSED

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 7 Feb 85 p 4

[Article by Lance Ngulube]

[Text]

EXPORTERS in Malawi wishing to introduce
new” products into European miarkets can now
benefit from preferential promotinal rates offered
by the major shipping-lines serving Europe and,
Southern Africa, the Malawi Export Promotion
Council (MEPC) has announced.

The offer, a release from MEPC says, was'
made by Mr. N.D. Sempill, chairman of the
Europe, South and South East African Confer-.
ence Lines who led a six-man delegation from his .
grouping to Malawi to disctiss latest develop-
ments in the world of shipping recently. :

‘The Conference “can help exporters who have ;
not made headway into the European market by
‘offering promotional rates’ and thereby render- |
ing their products more competitive on European ;
markets,” the MEPC quotes Mr. Sempill as say-
ing. : :

INDUSTRY

Among other issues, the delegation came to as-
sure industry in Malawi of the shipping lines’
continued interes!

t and commitment to serve this
region.to the best: of their ability, despite the '
“Jong lasting world economic recession and the |
effects of the depressed shipping market.” !

One of the obvious effects of the depressed
shipping market was that it was possible for oper- ;
ators working outside the Conference to charter
very cheaply and occasionally to purchase ships
at bargain prices and enter into competition with
established lines, the delegation leader said.

While this state of competition would naturally
augur well for the exporter and importer in Mal-
awi, Mr. Sempill cautioned that “such operators
can not cater for the totality of the trade and
have no long-term commitment to provide conti-

cso; 3400/689

nuity of service.”
THOUGHT

The delegation left the country some food for
thought: when the present Conference fleet
comes to the end of its useful life in about 10
years time, will any line or group of lines be pre- :
pared to make the long-term commitment re-
quired to provide the stable and reliable service .
which importers and exporters in the sub-conti-
nent have come to take for granted? ‘

Mr. Sempill said Southern Africa has been par-
ticularly well served over a long number of years
with a regular and stable shipping service pro-
vided by member lines of the Conference.

‘ “As with any Conference service, there is a

continuing commitment to cater for the‘totallity .
of the trade — to lift all cargo, whether high or

low rated, awkward, harzardous or refrigerated,

in good and in bad times,” Mr. Sempill said. His

Conference would continue to honour this com-"
mitment, he added.

PRINCIPAL

The Conference was established over 100 years
ago and comprises the principal shipping lines
trading between Europe and Southern Africa. Its
members are the national lines of Southern Afri-°
ca’s main trading partners in Europe, together
with Safmarine, the South African national line.

Principal constituents of the Conference are
the Southern African Europe Container Service
(SAECS) with headquarters in London and the
Transatlantic Line of Sweden.

The Conference operates three services with
vessels calling at United Kingdom and North
West continental ports in Europe, at Cape Town,
Port Elizabeth, Durban, Walvis Bay and East .
London in South Africa, and Maputo and Beira
in Mozambique. .

37



Momentous

Yet a new view of black and white in South Africa has been stirring among
Nationalists much longer than the past few years, first as something of a
verligte counterculture within the fold (frequently admonished by men such
as John Vorster), while more recently it has increasingly become acceptable
Establishment: thought.

Besides, the Special Cabinet Committee, comprising the Government's top
brass under Minister Chris Heunis, has been working on new guidelines for
black and white relations for two years; and it has been essentially
amenable to black aspirations and uncommonly realistic.

The State President's statement on a new deal for blacks was then the
carefully worded sum total of these yet-unfinished deliberations; and the
result is already far-reaching.

More than anything, the speech signalled a momentous change of course;
historically-speaking it was every bit as important as Dr Verwoerd's
"New Vision" speech on separate development in January 1959.

All the more so because it finally put paid to the ideological rigidities
ofthe era that very speech of Dr Verwoerd's ushered in.

It equally ushers in a vision of a new South Africa: more tolerant and
understanding, increasingly free of restrictive racism and superiority/
inferiority notions, and, going a step further from live and let live, to
thrive and let thrive.

This vision looks not only to the closest co-operation between South
Africa's peoples, but to a sharing of ideals--a great step forward for
the NP.

Mistrustful

It is, nonetheless, also a South Africa of nationalities (as distinct
perhaps from the old South Africa of nations), and, as the State President
reiterated, it must be a South Africa in which no one group dominates
another.

Verwoerdian rigidity never was the sine qua non of a South Africa either
of nationalities or of nations.

In fact, from.a multinational point of view, such strict ideological
separateness came darn close to destroying that very ideal--because it
was inherently mistrustful of other nationalities, and blacks in general,
and because in black eyes it sought to destroy them.

In that regard, Government has now measured up to the reality that a South

Africa of nationalities can only exist if goals and trust and understanding
are mutual.

68


National Mechanical Engineering Research Institute

‘The National Mechanical
Engineering Research In-
stitute is mainly concerned
with the development of
new.concepts and tech-
jniques in mechanical en-
‘gineering, as well as with
“the development of ma-
chines and materials used
in industry. :

Its activities also in-
volve the design, devel-
opment and performance
testing of equipment and
systems. Fields of activity

inchide strength of struc- :
tures, process develop-

ment, geomechanics, fluid
mechanics, aeromechan-
ics, heat mechanics, tri-
bology afd production en-
gineering.

For managerial pur-
poses the institute is di-
vided into nine divisions —
Tribology, Strength Me-

chanics, Geomechanics, *

Fluid mechanics, Heat
Mechanics, Aeromechan-
ics, Design and Develop-
ment,
Engineering -Advisory
Services (PEAS) unit and
the Mine Equipment Re-
search unit situated at Cot-
tesloe in Johannesburg.

The policy of - the
NMERI as with the rest of
the CSIR is to give advice
and carry out investiga-
tions of an advanced na-
ture using facilities or
specialists not normally
available to the consulting
firms and- laboratories in
the private sector. Its gen-
eral policy therefore is to
provide a backup for the
private sector and not to
compete with it.

It was the pressing need
for a division to study the
problems of friction, lu-
brication and wear that
prompted the formation of
the Tribology division in
August 1983. This divi-
sion is now in the position

Production |

toassist local industry with
problems of lubrication and
wear, to monitor the con-
dition of machinery in
service and advise manu-
facturers and users regard-
ing materials for increasing ;
wear life. i

‘A recent recognition of -
the division’s expertise was
the authorisation by Lu-'
cas, England, for the di-
vision to undertake the
tribological examination of
fuel injection equipment
for use in South Africa.

This development means
that Lucas fuel injection
pumps need no longer be
sent to England for wear
evaluation — a process
which takes from 12 to 18 ,
months before results be-
come available: Evalua-
tion results can now be
made within a month of re-
ceiving the pumps for in-
vestigation.

One of the vitally im-
portant areas of research
conducted by the division .
is a programme to monitor ;
the condition of diesel en- :
gines using alternative fuels ‘
under test in the Heat Me-
chanics division. ‘

The Strength Mechanics
division deals with prob-
Jems related to the exper-
imental and theoretical
determination of stress and

_ ‘Strain in materials and

components and their
strength under loading :
conditions. Particular
problems it deals with are:
Stress analysis and testing
of materials, fatigue in
metals and industrial com-
ponents, failures in prac-
tice and strength of
materials and vibration in
machinery.

One of the more inter-
esting projects it has been
involved in has been an ex-
perimental stress analysis

- onthe legs of a drilling rig. ©

The object of the test was
to determine in-service
Joads on the structure of
the rig during lowering and
hoisting of the drill rods.

In additon the division
will carry extensive strain-

guage tests on failed

components to determine
the causes of failure. It will
also act in a quality control
function in carrying out fa-
figue tests on components.

Stress and functional
performance:are areas in-
fluenced by mechanical vi-
bration and this is of major
concern of the: division.
Often, many vibrational
problems can be solved on
site and investigations have
in the past included the
measurement of vibration
in truck drive trains, vi-
bration in a structure sup-
porting shaking screens,
functional check of a vi-
bration transducer and
measurement of environ-
mental vibration.

More exhaustive pro-
grammes of analysis and
measurement have been
carried out on the strain and
vibration in induced draft

fans, excessive vibration

in rolled steel joist struc-
tures caused by shaking
screens and the modifica-
tion of a design for a dy-
namic vibration absorber.

Research into the hy-
draufic transportation of

‘solids is a growing con-

77

cern and one in which the
Fluid Mechanics division
is intimately involved.
Currently it is looking into
ways of improving the
“‘pumpability’’ of high
concentrate slurries using
different concentrations of
sodium tripolyphosphate.
It is also involved in a
contract to determine pump
wear in the hydraulic
transportation of iron ore.
This research primarily in-
volves comparing the per-

formance of two impellers
manufactured from two
different types of material.
Other areas in which it
is active include investi-
gations into flow in pipes,
valves, ducts and other
equipment, the hydraulics
of pump inlets, rivers and
dams and the study of au-
tomatic irrigation gates.
The Heat Mechanics di-
vision deals with research
and services to industry in
the fields of thermody-
namics, heat transfer and

and services include:

© Air-conditioning — in-
cluding performance im- -
provements, energy saving
and the development of

computerised
methods.
© Industrial refrigera-

design

tion, particularly the chill- '

ing and freezing of
Perishables.

© Performance testing of
air-conditioning and re-
frigeration installations

© The uses of. solar en-

ergy for heating, cooling, '

drying and mechanical
power generation.

. @ Heat transfer and the

optimisation of heat ex-
changers.

@ Energy conservation
‘which includes heat recov--
ery and heat pumps.

@ Heat engines, including
internal cumbustion en-
gines, as well as alterna-
tive and suplementary

fuels, fuel saving methods
and devices.

Work continues apace _

worldwide into the devel-
opment of electric vehicles
and such is the case with
the Design and Develop-
ment division ‘which re-
cently unveiled its electric
car designed specifically
for town use.

This latest system uses
two fixed displacement



157137

JPRS-SSA-85-021
15 March 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa’ Report

OP oaxary Wisracrn;
TED g

- 49980224 ‘a7 |

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

NATION | (CBSTREUTION STATEMENT X
NIRTIONAL TECHNICAL ON ST.

INFORMATION SERVICE . Approved for public release;

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE a cepa i mii!
‘SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 Lf Distribution Unlimited 7

re Jol
Aby



WHITES WANT TO. GOVERN OWN LAND

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Feb 85 p 4

{Text ]

HOUSE OF _AS-
SEMBLY. — There
was land in South Afri-
ca which belonged to
the Whites and the
Whites wanted to rule

over it, the leader of '

the Conservative Par-
ty, Dr Andries Treur-
nicht, said.

He was moving a pri-
vate members’ motion
that the House reject the
Government’s intention
to extend the existing po-
litical integration and

powersharing to include '

Blacks, and reaffirm that
partition was the only
meaningful solution for
South Africa.

Dr Treurnicht said it
had always been the fun-
damental principle under-
lying National Party poli-
cy that Whites wanted to
govern over their own
land.

Clear
It was however clear

CSO; 3400/660

from the speech of the
State President, Mr P W
Botha, when he opened
Parliament, that:

@ Millions of Blacks
would now obtain recog-
nised permanence in non-
homeland White South
Africa;

@ That they could then
no longer find their politi-
cal expression via home-
land governments, and

@ Participation in deci-
sion-making at the high-
est Jevel could only mean
that these Blacks would
have to acquire their own

_Tepresentative body and .

Cabinet within South
Africa, or, share the pre-
sent Parliament and Cabi-
net with Whites,
Coloureds and Indians.

“The National Party
has set the concept of a
single government for the
country as an absolute im-
perative,” Dr Treurnicht
said.

“The only government

is the multiracial coalition

103

government we have
presently and it is obvious
that Blacks will then sit in
the same government.”

The Minister of Consti-
tutional Development,
Mr Chris Heunis, should
answer and tell the House
whether the Whites who
governed at that point
would continue to goern.

Dr Treurnicht quoted
former Prime Minister,
Mr Hand Strydom, from
a 1954 speech, former
Minister M C Botha and
Mr John Vorster to show
that there was a golden
thread running through
National party policy that
insisted on Blacks govern-
ing themselves in separate
homelands and the
Whites in their own.

“Make your own
speech,” one member in-
terjected.

Domination
The State President, he
said, had, in raising the

SOUTH AFRICA

matter of the constitu-
tional accommodation of +
Blacks, said that there
should be no domination
of one group over an-
other.

“The Progs also say
that,” he commented.
“The President said there
must be joint responsibili-
ties over matters of com-
mon interest but that is
White, Coloured and
Asian. The concept of a
unitary state is openly ac-
cepted and the Blacks get
the best of two worlds —
an own national state and
the Republic of South
Africa thrown in to the
bargain.”

This would happen af

“be spent in order to-ob-

tain land on which to set-
tle Coloured communi-
ties. .

“The National Party
started with a policy of
geographic separation of
people, we say you must
carry on,” Dr Treurnicht
said.



COAL PROSPECTING IN NATAL 'CORRIDOR'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Feb 85 p 4

{Text ]

cso:

3400/660

CAPE TOWN. — A
lease had been granted to
explore for coal on State-
owned land earmarked
for mining development
in the corridor between
the Umfolozi and Hluh-
luwe game reserves in Na-
tal, the Minister of Mine-
ral and Energy Affairs,
Mr Danie Steyn, said yes-
terday.

Replying to a question
by Mr Roger Burrows
(PFP, Pinetown) he said
the prospecting lease had
been granted to Trans
Natal Coal Corporation
Ltd in terms of the Min-
ing Rights Act. .

This was for 1 367 ha—
or about one thirteenth —
of the so-called corridor
area, which constituted
State land.

The rest of the area had
been transferred to the
‘Natal Provincial Adminis-
tration in 1982.

Mr Steyn said objec-
tions had been received
from the Wildlife Society
of Southern Africa and
the Administration of Na-

tal, after the lease was
granted.

They had apparently
been under the impres-
sion the whole of the cor-
ridor area had been allo-
cated to the Natal Provin-
cial Administration, but
the matter had already
been explained verbally
and was also being done
in writing.

Referring to another
part of Mr Burrows’ ques-
tion, the Minister said his

department had not re-”

quested a report on the
possible environmental
effect mining would have
in the area.

‘This was because the
Department of Public
Works and Land Affairs,
as custodian of State land,
had indicated the land
concerned had been ear-
marked for mining devel-
opment.

Furthermore, his own
department was vested
with the necessary statu-
tory authority to enforce
environment protective
measures,

Mr Steyn said the pro-

126

SOUTH AFRICA

spector had the right, in
terms of the lease, to en-

ter the area with such ma-
chinery as might be
necessary.

No drilling rig had yet
been used by the .com-
pany in the area and a de-
cision on whether the
sinking of any borehole
would be justified would
only be taken after com-
pletion of surface map-
ping.


DJIBOUTL

GHANA

Briefs
Assault Rifles From Austria

Left Speaks Out in Twisted Dialectic Despite Censorship
(TALKING DRUMS, No 18, 4 Feb 85) ..scecscecececececscecece

Media Commentary

TIMES Article

PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC Article
United Revolutionary Front Statement

United Revolutionary Front Lambasted
(Ntim Gyakari; TALKING DRUMS, No 20, 18 Feb 85) .

Legal Practitioner Criticizes Bar Association
(Accra Domestic Service, 27 Feb 85) ......

Commander Explains Absorption of Border Guards
(Accra Domestic Service, 28 Feb 85) ...

Armed Forces To Take Over Border Guard Duty
(AFRICAN DEFENCE, Jan 85) ..cesesseeees

Briefs
Military Uniforms Misused
Trade With Czech Growing
Malians Flee Drought Conditions
Airforce Operates Domestic Flights
Ethiopian Children Welcome
Japanese Loan
New African Trade Union
Saudi Fund May Assist
Passport Misuses

IVORY COAST

Briefs
Friendship, Cooperation Treaty With Egypt
Canadian Grant

LIBERIA

H
Doe Urged To Let Opponents Have Chance
(TALKING DRUMS, 4 Feb 85) .....

MADAGASCAR

Briefs
Madagascar-BP Coal Accord

-b-

18

19

24

26

27

32
32

33

36


AFRICAN SELF-HELP EDUCATION SCHEME OUTLINED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Feb 85 p 8

[Text ]

cso;

Unemployment among
Blacks increases the dan-
ger of revolution, accord-
ing to the Executive Di-
rector of the African En-
terprise Institute, Mr Me-
shack Mabogoane.

Mr Mabogoane gave

this view at a Press con-”

ference at the Funda
Centre in Soweto-yester-
day, when he spelt out de-
tails of the African self-
help educational _pro-
grammes of the Society of
Young Africa (SOYA)
movement, which begin
next month.

“The more people that
are. unemployed, the
greater the chance of rev-
olution, as they think only
of their stomachs,” he
said. “We want to get to
the roots of the problems
that face the African to-
day — which is that the
unemployed are generally
unskilled or with marginal
skills.”

The self-help pro
grammes are under three
operational divisions of
SOYA — the African En-
terprise Institute, African

3400/660

Youth Service, and In-
dustrial Development
Workshop's Project.

The programmes take
two forms, consisting of
training and the teaching
of the basic skills, and the
creation of jobs, with
Placement in the com-
munity and in a public
work project.

“Unemployment is not
just being without a job
— it leads to a corrosion
of the individual mind
and soul, and a decay in
the community, and thus
of the nation,” added Mr
Mabogoane.

He continued, “We
aim to develop and gener-
ate industrial entrepre-
neurs. We aim to estab-
lish a linkage system be-
tween the First World of
high finance — the White
economy — and the
underdeveloped _labour-
intensive economy of the
Third World.”

The workshops consist
of “a comprehensive and

104

planned approach to
tackle —_ socio-economic
conditions and challenges
which face Blacks in par-
ticular, and the country in
general.”

A social enterprise pro-
ject will include undertak-
ings such as community
care centres, housing
schemes and youth resi-
dence and development
centres. .

The first Industrial De-
velopment Workshop will
include training in print-
ing, woodwork and weld-
ing, and financial assist-
ance has been provided
by the Chairman’s Fund
of Anglo American Cor-
Pporation/De Beers.

SOUTH AFRICA


cso;

like old Robin Hood he has been
leading brigands. But the economic
isolation had already taken place and
among the measures the rebels could
take was to search frantically for loans
regardless of long term implications
for the whole country. The
pamphleteers and sloganeers like the
lot of the URF members were shown
the exit.

The economy is in shambles with
devaluation now nearly 1,000%, I do
not know how Ghanaians are going to
live that down. Rawlings is not capable
of spearheading any economic
recovery, because he does not
understand how this could be done. He
has instead created divisions and
bitterness.

PNDC has brought the fragile
economy of Ghana on its knees and no
average Ghanaian family which has
not got a member outside Ghana to
supplement the family’s income can
survive.

On the ideological front, why do the
members of the so-called URF style
themselves socialists? Their activities
while in various political offices could
not make them lay any claim to

3400/682

25

socialism. They are the type of
‘ideologues’ who give socialism a bad
name. Their activities border on “‘neo
anarchist tactics’. Socialism, one of
the finest political philosophies should
not be allowed to be debased by the
members of the so-called URF.

For instance, Nkrumaism is a fully-
fledged socialist ideology tailored for
Ghana’s and Africa’s revolutions. But
these members of the so-called URF
spurned it. They only believed in
confrontational politics. They could
not set up any socialist structure except
the WDC’s and PDC’s which were
fashioned on Libyan-style political

. objectives.

The attempt to differentiate between
PNDC I and PNDC II does not hold
water. There is no difference. The
leadership remains incipiently the same
and the rebellion of 3ist December
1981 is still an on-going process. A new
Ghana needs to be born that will allow
politics to be conducted without
acrimony and rancour and make
possible the restoration of peace,
stability, hard work, respect | for
authority, elders and other intrinsic
values of the Ghanaian society.



plumbing manufacturing
industry.

The NBRI realises the
wastefulness of the stand-
ard household WC flush-
ing system and is working
with the Water Research

Commission in investigat- |

ing and evaluating the per-
formance of the fittings on
the market.

Gradually it is aiming
towards a system perform-
ance evaluation as opposed
to a component evaluation
where it can evaluate the
efficiency of whole sys-
tems and establish the hy-
draulic criteria of
components. Once this
work has been completed
maximum efficiency can
be obtained by matching a

component of a certaii rat-
ing with another of a sim-
ilar rating.

Improved working con-
ditions can result in sig-
nificant productivity
improvements and the En-
vironmental Engineering
division can be called in as
consultants in the ongoing
drive for productivity in
industry.

A number of factors vi-
tally affect good working
conditions in factory de-
sign. Among these factors
are better temperature
control, better lighting,
noise control, air quality,
fire protection and better
facilities to promote job
satisfaction among the.
workforce.

Consequently the NBRI

has been, and continues to
be, involved with the De-
partment of Manpower to
make the new Machinery
and Occupational Safety
Act into what it feels to be
one of the best and most
Progressive pieces of leg-
islation in the world.
Other projects and fields
of expertise the NBRI is
involved in are: .
© Development and con-+
stant research into low-cost
housing. This area because
of the pressing need for.
housing is one the Insti-
tute’s first priorities.
@ Research into new
methods of evaluating the
durability of bricks with a
view to revising brick
specifications.

South African Inventions Development Corporation

What happens if you have
an idea or prototype for a
totally new product de-
sign which has all sorts of

potential benefits forlocal .

industry, but you do not
have money to carry the
development further?
One thing you might do
is approach the South Af-

tican Inventions Devel- _

opment Corporation
(Saidcor) for funds to help
you develop the design to
the point of manufacture
and to aid in obtaining a
patent or finding a man-
ufacturing partner. Such
funds might take the form
of venture funds or tech-
nology licensing.

In the case of venture
funds, Saidcor shares the
risk of the venture with an
industrial partner wishing
to develop new products
or processes. With tech-
nology licensing, it takes
the major responsibility
for the commercial ex-
ploitation of the inven-
tion.

More often the in-
volvement of Saidcor
takes the shape of tech-

nology licensing which is

the commercial exploita-

tion of an invention. These
inventions come from
Government research or-
ganisations, within the
CSIR, universities and the
private sector.

Saidcor will acquire
ownership of the inven-
tion, finance all patenting
and licensing and where
necessary, assist with fur-
ther development costs.

However, this capital is
not provided for just any
idea. There are criteria
involved.

Projects that would
qualify for Saidcor funds
are: those for which there
is a commercial need;
those intended for export
or to replace imports; the
adaptation of imported
technology to South Af-
tican conditions; that it
would create new em-
ployment opportunities;
the development of im-
proved processes or
methods of production.

In all these cases, the
primary recommendation
is that it is of national or

84

strategic interest. Consid-
eration is also given to
projects that’ involve ev-
olutionary -rather than
revolutionary advances.

A recent development
has been the introduction
of joint South ‘Africa/Is-
rael technology transfer
and development funds for
companies wishing to
transfer technology to or
from Israel or wishing to
further develop technol-
ogy acquired from Israel.

In 1984 Saidcor in-
creased its investment in
inventions development
projects to R4,6-million
— or about R1,1-million
more than in 1983. At the
same time income from
royalties, the major source
of. income, was R1,16-
million.

Some of the projects in
which Saidcor is involved
either through the provi-
sion of venture funds or
the technology licensing
scheme are: .
@ The Tamhe radial hy-
draulic motor Which has
already. made its first
sales. The low-speed high-

© Research into the use of
plastics in hot and cold
water service piping.

© Building regulations and
performance criteria. This
includes the evaluation of
products, components and
systems as a prelirninary
feasibility study service to
manufacturers and also for
full reports to the Agre-
ment Board on applica-
tions for Agrement
certificates.

© The development of
low-cost solar water heat-

“ers as an adjunct to the

work being done into low-
cost housing.

©@ The evolution of test
methods which once ac-
cepted are incorporated by
the SABS into its standard
test methods.

torque radial hydraulic
motor offers the advan-
tages of high mechanical
efficiency, reliability,
easy maintenance and low
overall cost.

Costs are kept low be-
cause the motor is adapted
to direct coupling to the
input drive shaft of the
driven machinery so that
the usual intermediary
gearbox is ‘eliminated.
Conceived for the sugar
industry by a small com-
pany, Tamhe, it is said to
have applications , wher-
ever very low-speed high-
torque requirerhents ex-
ist, such as if mining and
materials processing.
©@ An invention whereby
the waterproofing of
communications cable is
achieved by incorporat-
ing chemically treated
yarn with the insulated
wires when the cable is
made, When water enters *
the cable, the material on
the treated yarn swells and
prevents further ingress
of water.

Currently, a 5 km
length oc cable-produced


confidentiality of the in-
vestigation.
© Various instruments for
the determination of par-
ticle characteristics. This
includes sieves and micro-
sieves, a Coulter counter,
units for X-ray and high
G's sedimentation, BET
surface area meters, po-
rosimeters and such.
© Instrumentation for the
determination of physical
properties, as well as dif-
ferential thermal analysers
and thermogravimetric an-
alysers.
@ Laser-Doppler, ultra-
sonic and other velocity
probes.
@ Autoclaves and gra-
dientless reactors. :
It is rarely that one finds
such a concentration of ex-
pertise such as which ex-
ists at the CERG with 20
chemical engineers, eight

. chemists, one physicist and

six chemical and two
chemical engineering
technicians. These spe-
cialists come from many
fields of industry and from
all parts of the world.

“Because of our broad”
experience in a wide va-
riety of fields, we are able
to look at problems with a
fresh perspective and very
often come up with unique
solutions to seemingly in-
soluble problems,”’ says
Hicks.

This forward looking
research group takes its
role of serving the national
interests of South Africa
very: seriously as wit-
nessed by its current re-
search into coal
conversion. The Group has

South African Wool

_ @ number of other special

Projects are on the go, es-
pecially in the field of
drying.

“In the field of coal
drying we are examining
the use of steam at high
pressures and tempera-
tures instead of air for
drying. This is not a new
technique but has never
been used extensively,"’
said Hicks.

Air drying is a very ex-
pensive undertaking and
uses a lot of energy. Steam
drying offers significant
energy-saving possibili-
ties. What is particularly
useful about steam is it can
be recycled and the energy
recovered.

“There is a lot of inter-
est in industry in anything
involving energy, after all,
the greatest resources in
this country are people,
energy and water.””

The CERG has an
agreement with a manu-
facturer who is interested
in manvfacturing and sell-
ing steam dryers. The
company will be donating
equipment to the Group to
be used in its development
work.

A related project which
the Group would like to get
off the ground is the steam
drying of black liquor, an
effluent from the pulp and
paper industry. If this haz-
ardous waste material
could be dried by steam it
could be incinerated more
efficiently and a number of
energy and water."’

The CERG has an
agreement with a manu-
facturer who is interested
in manufacturing and sell-

* ing steam dryers. The

company will be donating
equipment to the Group to

be used in its development

work,

A related project which
the Group would like to get
off the ground is the steam
drying of black liquor, an
effluent from the pulp and
paper industry. If this haz-
ardous waste material
could be dried by steam it
could be incinerated more
efficiently and a number of
process chemicals, such as
sodium hydroxide, re-
covered.

Apart from these ex-
tremely valuable research
projects, the CERG is in-
volved in other services to
industry such as pollution
control and measurement.
On request, it measures
emission rates of dust and
toxic gases from chimneys
and evaluates such pollu-
tion control equipment as
bag filters, electrostatic
precipitators and cy-
clones.

Another service is pro-
vided in the form of an on-
line information system
through which some 300
files from the US, Eng-
land, France, Germany and
Italy can be accessed. En-
quiries that are dealt with
can be as simple as the heat
capacity of ammonia at

1 300°C, or the complete :
design of a chemical plant _

from known parameters.
Users of the computer-

ised information service

pay only the cost price.
Other specific services

available from the CERG

include:

© The determination of the

and Textile Research Institute

A recegt example, which
demonstrates the benefits
which industry can derive
from using the services and
technologies developed by
the South African Wool

79

and Textile Rearch Insti-

tute (SAWTRI), is one in |

which SAWTRI and a

leading textile manufac- ,

turer in South Africa, con-
ducted joint trials on the

physical properties of
fluids under process con-
dit and vapour-liquid
equilibrium determina-
tions.

@ Particle characterisa-
tion including particle and ~
pore size distribution, sur-
face area and shape.

© Determination of drying
characteristics, recom-
mendation of dryer type,
and the semi-technical-
scale drying tests on spray,
rotating kiln, fluidised bed
and other dryers.

@ Computer-aided de-
sign, costing and rating of
heat exchangers and the
evaluation of air as an al-
physical properties ot
fluids under process con-
ditions, and vapour-liquid
equilibrium determina-
tions.

© Particle characterisa-
tion including particle and
pore size distribution, sur-
face area and shape.

@ Determination of drying
characteristics, recom-
mendation of dryer type,
and the semi-technical-
scale drying tests on spray,
rotating kiln, fluidised bed
and other dryers.

@ Computer-aided de-
sign, costing and rating of
heat exchangers and the
evaluation of air as an al-
ternative to water as a
cooling medium.

@ The formulation, prep-
aration and characterisa-
tion of catalysts.

@ The determination of
design data for chemical
reactors,

©@ The evaluation of
equipment for the separa-
tion of solids from liquids
and of liquids from salids.



BOTSWANA

SOUTH AFRICAN TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ALLEGEDLY FAVORED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 3 Feb 85 p 4
{Article by Ciaran Ryan]

[Text] The Road Transportation Board has been accused of refusing permits to
hauliers from neighbouring states and South African carriers allege harassment
by the Railway Police.

They claim that a campaign is being waged against them to protect SA Transport
Services' market share.

Maduo Maoto, Botswana's Secretary for Transport, says: "The Customs Union
is supposed to allow unimpeded movement of goods between member countries,
but this does not happen in practice.

"We believe the main reason is that SA Railways wants to protect its market
share. We are not saying that we want the same number of permits as South
African hauliers, but we expect some reciprocity. Swaziland and Lesotho are
in a similar position to us."

Rare

South African hauliers have in the past been allowed to transport through
Botswana cargo for Zaire, Zambia and Malawi. But permits for Botswana havl~
ders to pick up loads in South Africa are rarely granted, it is alleged.

Goods destined for Botswana must be carried by a South African haulier or
Sats, resulting in a drain on Botswana's foreign currency.

Botswana has allegedly stopped issuing new permits to South African hauliers
in retaliation and is said to be considering a reduction of existing permits.

Hauliers predict that South African exports will suffer because goods carried
by road are usually required at short notice--and Sats is unable to respond.
Pilferage on the railways is said to be much higher than in road transport.

Zimbabwe bars foreign trucks, so most northbound traffic from SA passes
through Botswana.



At an average of 21 "contacts" a month between Swapo and the security

forces, the average cost per every clash, large or small, worked out at
R2 172 600 each.

No similar calculations of Swapo's cost structure can be made because its
estimated force of 8 000, equal to some seven field battalions, is financed
mostly by Angola and other foreign sources.

The chief of the South West African Territorial Force, Major-General

George Meiring, has claimed that the ratio of Swapo kills against those
of his forces is one to 21.

cso: 3400/594

49



hemisphere — predomi-
nantly products such as
food, bulk products or

minerals from their natural ;

’ endowment.

“In consequence, buy-
ers can be selective, re-
sulting in much
competition and very com-
petitive prices.

“Our only hope here and
an excellent point of de-

parture,”” he concluded, ©

“‘is to add value to the basic
commodity which we al-

ready successfully market _

by further processing”.
Essentially Dr Garbers

sees invention and inge- :

nuity as the key to indus-
trial export success. He
states that epoch-making
scientific discoveries which

revolutionise scientific :

disciplines are of rare oc-
currence.

Consequently the sci-
entific principles are
largely unraveled and the
knowledge at the disposal
of everybody.

World wide industry en-
deavours to put these prin-.
ciples to work to its own
-advantage. For those who
can compete successfully
rewards were high.

Drawing parallels with
countries like Israel he feels
that the Republic will have
to find more areas of in-
novative technology where
it can carve an exclusive
niche such as Israel has
done, for example, with
advanced printing and
medical equipment as well
as in the area of electron-

CSO; 3400/679

ics.

“Tt is ingenuity that will
keep us competitive in the
future,’’ he maintained.
“This comes back to in-
dividuals who can think
creatively and innova-
tively in such a way that
they are a step ahead of
other people’”.

South Africa cannot ever

expect ta supply all its own
technological needs and
hence work in isolation. It
must move closer to the
world community and
therefore remain ‘ompet-
itive within it. This fact of
life brings problems in its
wake.

“We have to earn money
in world markets,’ Dr
Garbers pointed out, ‘‘to
purchase what we cannot
produce ourselves. One
way is by assisting our
neighbours in advancing
technologically.

“Another way is by
being cost-effective and
quality-competitive in
overseas markets. This is
where science and tech-
nology can make an input.

I am convinced that the”

areas where we now make
money must be fostered

and assisted to stay com- .

petitive — even if this
means automation and de-
creased job opportuni-
ties.”

“Once we earn that |

money, there will be suf-
ficient to spend again to as-
sist in generating job
opportunities in a second-

* ary phase of development.

Indeed advancements in

91

science and technology
were major contributors to
raise our standard of living
to unprecedented heights.””

Within the South Afri-
can context, industries are
highly competitive in a
small market area. Advan-
tageous technology and
skilled manpower are
guarded to the point of to-
tal secrecy. Can the CSIR
work closely with industry
under these conditions, Dr
Garbers was asked.He re-
plied that he is fully con-
vinced that it can. Any
development work carried
out by the CSIR on behalf
of a client or in collabo-
ration with him, is highly
confidential. But as many
industries have found out,
an idea can be protected
for just so long and then it
is either copied with im-
provements or a new idea
supercedes it.

“But this is a world wide
problem,”’ he said. ‘The
only way to handle it is to
build up a situation of mu-
tual trust between a spe-
cific institution and specific
industry. We have had oc-
casions where there has
been much resistance from
industry towards some re-
search work we have ini-

tiated which was applicable,

to a particular area.

“But once one has elab-
orated the general princi- -

ples, they become
generally adopted within
the industry.”

In the final analysis one
might summarise Dr Gar-
bers’ view that there is ob-

viously a dividing line
between an ‘organisation
like the CSIR and indus-
try, but with mutual trust
the overlap areas that af-
fect innovation and trans-
fer of technology can be
carefully monitored to mu-
tual advantage and protec-
tion where necessary.

In more ways than one,
under the leadership of de-
voted scientists like Dr
Garbers and his many col-
leagues in the multiplicity,
of disciplines at the var-
igus institutes, the CSIR:
‘means business.. It means
research backup; it means
financial support; it means
help with developing ideas
at all levels.

Typically, as Dr Gar-
bers emphasised, “‘If an
area is identified where
more research work could
alleviate a problem or find
a solution for a specifi
problem, CSIR will makg
a bursary available to the
industry so that a. person
can be appointed to the staff
of that industry. It is pre-
pared to carry the salary of
that person for up to three
years and assist with a
steering committee of ex-
perts drawn from its own
resources or universities.

“If an industry has an
idea it wishes to develop,
the CSIR can assist through
the SA Inventions Devel-
opment Corporation?

For Dr Garbers and his
scientific and engineering
team, service to industry is
their major raison d'etre.



As for blacks in the self-governing states—-e.g. KwaZulu, Lebowa, etc-~
they too will be drawn increasingly into joint structures, as will all
the blacks in white South Africa, with suitably-designed institutions and
upward channels.

Thus for everyone a say at the highest level.

And Government cannot be accused of opting for the city blacks or the
homeland blacks--all will be conjoined.

Moreover, if the new system looks like being too fragmented or complicated,
the Government in the longer term suggests an umbrella-body with due repre-
sentation of all constitutional entities to decide on common matters.

The Government's new point of departure is essentially practical; and it «
will proceed empirically.

Except for the one single parameter, namely that no national group can
be allowed to dominate another, it is as much open to suggestion from blacks
as it is determined to gain a solution.

Priority

Hence the proposal for an informal, non-statutary forum for general consulta-
tion with blacks.

This idea is already faced with rejection on the part of some leading
blacks.

But others may begin to negotiate--as some rejectionists have actually
already done, informally.

Meanwhile, much of the air around this proposal needs to be cleared up.
Everybody must realise that the era of horse-trading politics has begun.

On a deeper level, Government has become aware that at the bottom lies the
question of inimical attitudes; and this, after years of neglect, it will
seek to correct.

Perhaps this is our first priority.

Accordingly, the State President has instructed all government departments
in the socio-economic field to come up with programmes for improving atti-
tudes in the execution of their tasks.

Furthermore, black education will be more fully supported; and influx
control and population removals are to be reviewed and eased.

70



SAUDI FUND MAY ASSIST--The Vice-Chairman of the Saudi Fund for Development,
Dr Saleh Hawan Humaidan, who led a three-man team to the country on a one-
week duty tour flew back home yesterday. In a pre-departure interview,

Mr Humaidan, who is the director of the Fund's General and Technical
Department, told newsmen that the team held a number of discussions with
PNDC Secretaries and top government officials. He said the team identified
health, fuel and power, transport and communications, education, agriculture
and toads and highways as_sectors_in which the Fund could offer assistance.
/By Gillian Heathcote/ [Text] [Recra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 1 Feb 85
pill

PASSPORT MISUSES--The National Investigations Committee has submitted a
number of reports to the PNDC Secretariat. One of the reports concerns the
use of forged passports and visas to clear imported second-hand vehicles
at the ports. The report notes that PNDC Law 27 was made in order to
control imports of second-hand vehicles and provides certain concessions
for Ghanaians who have been residing abroad. A statement issued in Accra
yesterday by the PNDC secretariat said investigations had shown that pass-
ports and visas were being used to create the impression that the owners
are entitled to these concessions. Three such cases have so far been
uncovered, the statement said. /Excerpt/ /Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in
English 31 Jan 85 pp 1, 3/

cso: 3400/603

31



MALI

BRIEFS

MALI, SAUDI FINANCE AGREEMENT~-The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia today confirmed the
financing of the second Bamako bridge. The announcement was made this morning
by the vice president and general manager of the Saudi Development Fund at the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation. Shayk Muhammad
(al-Sughai) and Alioune Blondin Beye had just signed an agreement for a gift
of $700,000, that is 346 million CFA francs, to finance the construction of an
institute of Arabic education and Islamic culture at Tombouctou. The institute
is being built to give logistic support to the ceremonies marking the 15th
centenary of (Egir) and which are scheduled to take place in the historic town
of Tombouctou. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia will provide 18 percent of the cost
of the project while the Islamic Development Bank will contribute 72 percent.
The project will cost $2.5 million. Upon signing this agreement,

Shayk (al-Sughai), who also took part in the Friday prayers at the Bamako
central mosque, announced the sincere desire of the government of His Majesty
the King of Saudi Arabia to support the Malian Government efforts to improve the
standard of living of the Malian people. [Excerpts] [Bamako Domestic Service
in French 1500 GMT 15 Feb 85]

CsO: 3419/284

43



and had to be elimi-
nated.”

Xulu, said he had no
regrets. in killing Mr
Langa.

Answering — questions
from Mr Justice Kriek, he
said he was “a soldier” of
the ANC and had taken
an oath to carry out the
instructions of “Umkonto
We Sizwe”, the armed
wing of the ANC,

He said he was an ANC
platoon commander in
Angola in 1983, with 500
men under his command.

When the South Afri-
can Defence Force at-
tacked bases in Mozambi-
que and Lesotho, the
ANC command said they
should “hit back” by at-
tacking “soft” targets in
South Africa.

“T was filled with hate
for Mr Langa, even
though it was he who per-
suaded me to join the
ANC.”

Xulu, a matriculant,
said he was at school at
Mount Frere in the Trans-
kei in 1976 when unrest
broke out in Soweto over
Afrikaans being made
compulsory.

He said the students at
the Transkei school de-
cided to convene a meet-
ing following the death of
some Soweto students.
The school authorities ob-
jected and the school was
closed. Later he received
a letter saying he should
not return to the institu-
tion.

He completed. his edu-
cation in Pietermaritz-
burg and then worked for
two firms in the Natal
capital. During this time
the Drakensberg Admin-
istration Board (DAB)
informed Sobantu_resi-

dents that there was to be
a rent hike of between
R3,80 and = R3,90 a
month.

Residents were very
upset because they still
had “bucket systems” and
all the houses leaked.

He was living with his
grandmother at Sobantu
When a series of meetings
were held at the com-
munity hall protesting
against the increases. The
police intervened, and
fired tear smoke.

Graham Radebe was
shot dead during this time
and Sobantu residents be-
came very upset. They
decided to hold a massive
funeral.

The funeral took place
late in December 1982.
Again the police inter-
vened, fired tear smoke
and broke up the proces-
sion.

Later that month he re-
ceived a call from Mr
Langa, proceeded to Dur-
ban and met Mr Archie
Gumede, Mr Zac Ya-
coob, members of the
UDF.

Mr Langa showed him
films of the “struggle in
South Africa” and said
that the ANC were the
people who were fighting
for the rights of the
Blacks.

Later he was given a di-
rect invitation by Mr
Langa to join the ANC
and go overseas for train-
ing. He did not answer
immediately but later
telephoned Mr Langa at a
number in Durban and
said he was prepared to
join the ANC. At this
time the police were call-
ing at his home almost da-
ily and he feared arrest.

The trial is continuing.

cso: 3400/660

112


NAMIBIA

FIGURES ON COST OF WAR GIVEN
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 20 Jan 85 p 2
[Article by Jaap Boekkooi/

[Text] The cost of killing Swapo terrorists in Namibia last year rose
to more than R1,7 million an insurgent, according to provisional figures.

This makes the Namibian border war, now in its 19th year and with a total
of some 8 700 insurgents killed, one of the most expensive ever waged in
Africa.

Last year's official figure of Swapo killed by the security forces was 584.
Set against South Africa's total subsidy of the territory of an estimated
R1 000 million, this works out at Rl 712 328 and 70c a kill.

If only the military cost of the war, estimated at R547,5 million last year
is taken into account, the cost of killing one Swapo insurgent now works
out at R937,500.

The figures underscore President Botha's statement last year on the need
for peace in Namibia in view of South Africa's heavy financial involvement
in the former mandate territory.

South Africa will have to pour even more money into Namibia because its
own tax resources are dwindling.

There is less tax income from agriculture and almost nothing from the once
prosperous fishing industry.

Tax revenue from Consolidated Diamond Mines has dropped by almost three-
quarters in some three years, but Rossing Uranium Mine is expected to
increase contributions to R25 million a year.

The cost of military operations, estimated at R500 million in 1983 went up
by almost 10 percent last year to an estimated R1 500 000 a day.

48


Sisa Njikelane and Mr Sam Kikine, a former Section 28 prisoner who was given
his freedom with 14 other detainees on December 10 last year. In the day-long
swoop on anti-apartheid organisations this week, police also arrested UDF
leaders Mrs Albertina Sisulu, Professor Ismail Mohamed, Mr Cassim Saloojee
and the Rev Frank Chikane. Police said the eight arrested by yesterday would
appear in a Durban court on March 29 with eight other UDF and Natal Indian
Congress leaders, who were arrested late last year and are in jail. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Feb 85 p 2]

RECORD SEASON FOR WOOL FARMERS--While thousands of other South African farmers
are facing ongoing problems because of the marathon drought, wool farmers are
heading for one of their best seasons ever. According to Mr Pieter van
Rooyen, chairman of the Wool Board, all pointers are that the wool farmers
are heading for a record level of more than R400-million this year compared
with last year's R292-million. He said that the average price of woll to date
this season had been 45 percent higher than that of the previous season-~and
this meant that the total clip value could increase by about R120-million.
Because of the favourable conditions so far this season the board had in-
creased its advance by 22 percent on average last year. This had resulted in
an additional R55-million to be paid out to farmers as increased "voorskot"
(advance) payments. More than half this amount had already been paid out in
the past week to producers who had delivered wool before December last year.
The rest was being paid out as increased "yoorskot" payments, coming into
effect from January 8. However, the strengthening of the rand by 3 percent
against the US dollar: last week has resulted in a 3,3 percent drop in wool
prices, [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Feb 85 p 12]

SWEDISH BAN ON LOANS--Stockholm.--The Swedish Parliament passed a law yester-
day tightening the country'= already stringent rules limiting investment by
Swedish companies in South Africa. The legislation, which takes effect in
early April, forbids the granting of loans to South Africa and bars Swedish
companies from leasing plant, equipment and vehicles in the country. It was
passed by an overwhelming majority of the 349-seat chamber. A government
order to come into force simultaneously forbids the sale of vehicles and com-
puter equipment to the South African Police and armed forces. Sweden already
bans arms sales to South Africa. The Foreign Trade Minister, Mr Mats Hells-
troem, said in parliament there were “important international signals" that
pressure was being stepped up on South Africa to end its apartheid policies.
He cited initiatives in the United States, Norway and the Netherlands to in-
troduce similar legislation. The new law extends one passed in 1979 banning
any new direct Swedish investment in South West Africa, but still allows ex-
emptions for investment necessary to maintain existing production capacity.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Feb 85 p 2)

COURT TOLD OF ARMED ATTACK-~Cape Town.--Night attacks, abductions and destruc~
tion of possessions and homes were among allegations in evidence at the trial
of KIC swuatter-leader Mr Oliver Memani and 37 co-accused in the Wynberg Re-
gional Court. They have all pleaded not guilty on three charges of public
violence and one of incitement to murder, A warrant of arrest has been is-
sued for Mr Gideon Green, who failed to appear. A State witness, Mr David
Kotyi, said that last year he was chairman of a sub-committee responsible to
Mr Memani, chairman of the KTC resident's committee. As treasurer he collected
money for legal expenses, In April Mr Memani ordered R65 to be collected from

133



MOZAMBIQUE

MILITARY CONDUCTS SWEEP IN NAMPULA PROVINCE
MB220930 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese. 0400 GMT 22 Feb 85

[Text] A total of seven armed bandits were killed during a recent search
and destroy operation carried out by the People's Forces for the Liberation
of Mozambique in Muacase District, Nampula Province. Another 10 armed
bandits were captured during the same operation and were presented to the
residents of Muacase during a rally last Sunday conducted by Feliciano
Gundana, governor of Nampula Province. The residents requested severe
punishment for these criminals.

In his meetings with the political and administrative structures of
Muacase District, Governor Feliciano Gundana left instructions on the
opening of more militia training centers and the implementation of further
patriotic education work among the residents and the youths in particular.

Our armed forces in Manica destroyed an armed bandit camp at Machave in
Chimoi District on 12 February. The radio Mozambique delegation in
Chimoio, quoting sources with the district operations command, disclosed
that six armed bandits were killed and various others wounded during the
attack. Great quantities of war materiel were captured and residents’
goods stolen by the criminals were recovered.

In Inhambane Province, the residents of Madonga captured two armed bandits,
while the Ligogo residents killed one criminal.

CsO: 3442/186

4h


establishing advanced fa-
cilities for the preparation
of these materials and their
complete electrical and op-
tical characterisation.

For materials research,
there is no doubt that the
NIMR laboratories can
compare favourably with
any in the world for gen-
eral industrial require~
ments,

Information and Research Services

In the fields of research
and development, the ex-
plosion of information and
technological knowledge
has reached incredible
proportions and spawned
a whole new science of
information gathering,
classification, structured
retrieval and assisting
people to obtain what they
want.

But even having the
biggest library of printed
and electronically re-
corded information on
earth does not cross a
bridge that might be
termed ‘‘the communi-
cations gap’. And after
all why does one need in-
formation?

Information for deci-
sion making is the
mainspring of business
and industrial develop-
ment, the key to our con-
trol over the future, the
spark that triggers a new
idea, an invention or some
innovative technique or
improvement. .

The Information and
Research Services (IRS)
group at the CSIR pro-
vides assistance to the de-
cision-making process of
research and develop-
ment by providing much
needed analysed data in
the form of management
decision support infor-
mation.

Apart from providing
an important liaison func-
tion, the IRS is active in

the two vital areas of pro-
motion of research and
development in industry,
and providing back-up to
industry and researchers.
To achieve its objec-
tives, the IRS provides
management information
and financial support to
‘Stimulate innovation, of-
fers techno-economic
services, encourages and
promotes close contact
between science and in-
dustry through dissemi-
nation of. information in
many ways: and, finally,
actively promotes and
supports industrial re-
search and development
projects.
Communication, as has
already been stressed, is
the key to effective and
successful transfer of
knowledge and here the
IRS plays a major role.
To assist with the ex-
change of scientific, tech-
nical and economic
information among sci-
entists themselves and be-
tween suppliers and users
of scientific and techno-
logical information, the
Conference and Liaison
Group of the IRS organ-
ses many scientific and
technological confer-
ences and seminars.
Publications are an-
other important means of
communicating informa-
tion, and therefore the
Publications and Public-

73

ity Group of the IRS gives
special attention to make
known latest develop-
ments in the field of sci-
ence and technology by
means of press releases,
annual publications, pe-
riodicals and special re-
ports such as CSIR
Services to Industry.
And that is what the In-
formation and Research
Services group is all
about. Encouraging in-
novation and industrial
growth by providing the
precisely selected infor-
mation required in order
to make the right: deci-
sions with a full knowl-
edge of the vital
implications,


National Building Research Institute

treatment process to an-°
neal the stresses in that :

Finding a relationship be-
tween the work of the Na-
tional Building Research
Institute (NBRI) and the
engineering and manufac-
turing industry is not a hard
task because of the many
areas of common interest.

This relationship ex-
tends from aiding in the ;
design of better plastics for
use in the building indus- *
try, to energy manage- |
ment, improved °
environmental working —
conditions, corrosion, *
water control and low cost *
housing for South Africa’s '
fast growing population.

The corrosion work
done by the Organic Ma-
terials division of the NBRI
is an important case in point | |
with a successful record of |
problem solving. Such a
“problem was the early cor-
rosion of galvanised steel
piping which has now been
largely solved.

This problem arose
when the method of man-
ufacturing galvanised: pip-
ing was changed. Until 15
years ago all mild steel
pipes were drawn from
solid billetts of steel, but
this then changed to a sys-
tem of. bending and then
seam welding sheet metal .
to form lengths of pipe.
~ Unfortunately, the new.
pipes corroded much faster
than the old pipes — often
being penetrated in as little
as 18 months. The NBRI
found that in 90% of cases
the pipe wall penetration
was associated with the
seam weld.

Research established ©
that the preference for cor-
rosion along the seam was
largely because of stresses
built into the pipe when it
was bent and welded. The
result of the research is that
now once the pipe has been
manufactured the outside

joint is scarfed off and the
Pipe then put through a heat

pipe.
The result has been a’

tremendous improvement ”
in the life of the pipe. The |

size of the problem cannot ;
be overestimated when one +
takes into account that the ©

Transvaal
Administration alone
spends R25-million a year

Provincial ©

on replacing corroded gal- -

vanised steel pipes.

Organic materials — the
focus of the Organic Ma-
terials division — includes
all materials which contain
a major proportion of car-
bon. Under that heading
fall the plastic, rubbers,
paints and sealants used in
construction.

On the corrrosion side
the division looks at the

electro-chemistry and me- ;
tallurgy-of metals and how °

to protect these metals
against corrosion by either
painting, rubber lining or
various plastic coatings.

Involvement in these ;

fields can take many forms,

for example the division
was involved in the eval-
uation of 3CR12 and Cor-
Ten for the construction
industry. Currently it is
also aiding industry in as-
sessing problems involv-
ing the corrosion of coil-
coated steel roofing and
cladding materials.

A recent milestone in the
corrosion field was the
publication of 10-year cor-
rosion test results on a va-
riety of metals. From these
results an architect or en-
gineer can tell with a
greater degree of confi-
dence how different metals
will perform in various
parts of the country, and
plan suitable anti-corro-
sion measures.

Turning to the plastics
side, the NBRI is in rather
a unique position to co-or-
dinate the research and

83

other needs of the three
major groupings — the
primary plastics produc-
ers, the converters, and the
construction and building ‘
industry.

In such a role it is often |
involved in the develop- °
ment and testing of plastics
for use in construction and
industry.

The Highveld, South
Africa’s industrial giant,
has unique climatic con-
ditions which spell ruina-
tion for plastics even
though these have suc-
cessfully been used over-
seas in such applications as
guttering and window
frames.

In this light a joint re-
search project with AECI
to develop rigid PVC win-
dow frames is currently
underway. The ‘potential
benefits of the new plastics
will not be limited to win-
dow frames but will be ap-
plicable to all outdoor
applications.

This project came about
because of the high UV in-
cidence and violent hail-
storms on the Highveld.
Excessive UV makes
standard PVC plastic brit-
tle which, when taken with
hailstorms which are usu-
ally associated with a drop
in temperature, means a
shorter lifespan than that
found for example, in Eu-
rope.

The research involves
stabilising the plastic
against UV radiation and
adding impact modifiers to
make it more Piastic. TI ‘is
Project is now coming to
fruition and within six
months toa year AECI with
a number of design con-
cerns should be bringing
on to the market a window
frame designed specifi-
cally for South African
conditions.

‘The division has also had
considerable contact with

the mining industry in the
rubber lining of leach tanks
for the uranium and gold
mines, conveyor belting
rubbers and, for the pulp
and paper industry, in fil-
ter press failures. It does
not see this involvement as
ideal but accepts there is
no other body doing work
in this particular field of
rubber and plastic tech-
nology.

The NBRI’s expertise in
rubber technology has nat-
urally also been used to the
benefit of the construction
industry, specifically in the
development of bearing
pads for long span bridges
and in the rubber lining of
dams and reservoirs.

Since the closure of the
Paint Research Institute in
Durban in 1973 the NBRI
has also assumed respon-
sibility for this area.

The institute assists in
the building up of a paint
system which involves the
interaction between the
substrate and the primary
and secondary coat, the
weathering properties, and
various other aspects of
paint technology.

The drought came very
unfortunately from the
country’s point of view but
from the NBRI’s projects
point of view it has had one
wonderful effect in that it
has woken industry and the
public to the fact of water
conservation.

Indeed, water conser-
vation is an area that the
NBRI sees. of vital impor-
tance to South Africa and
ithas spearheaded the drive
for household conserva-
tion. Developments have
included a revamping of
the standard household
flush valve — the so-called
Beta valve — and placing
on the market of a new
generation of bottom flush

valve, a good example of
close co-operation with the



GERMANY PLEDGES MORE ASSISTANCE

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 4 Feb 85 p 5

[Text]

THE LEADER of the
Parliamentary Delegation
of the budget committee
from the Federal Repub-
lic of Germany, Dr. Eric
Riedl has promised more
assistance from his coun-
try to Malawi.

Dr. Riedl made the
pledge at Grand Beach Ho-
tel in Salima in an inter-
view with Mana, after his
25-man team of parliamen-
tarians and government of-
ficials had toured several
places of interest. |

The delegation, which
arrived on Friday, had
already had discussions
with ‘government officials
at Capital Hill in Li-
longwe,

Its members were guests
of the Speaker of the Nat-
ional Assembly, Mr. Nel-
son Khonje. Their Parlia-
ment, like Malawi’s, is a
member of the Inter-Par-
liamentary Union (IPU).

DEVELOPING

Dr. Riedl said of the
Many countries the delega-
tion had visited, Malawi

CSO: 3400/689

was one of the fastest de-
veloping.

He said _parliamentari-
ans from his country were
convinced that Malawi was
the right country to assist.

“We promise to do more
than in the past by helping
Malawi even in air trans-
port,” Dr. Riedl said.

Dr. Ried! praised the
Life President for the
rapid development taking
place in the country, say-
ing, “If African leaders
were all like the Life Presi-
dent, the continent would
have been well. devel-
oped.”

The delegation was ac-
companied to the lake by
the German Ambassador
to Malawi, Dr. Theodora
van Rossum.

RECEPTION

On Friday, the delega-
tion attended a: reception
hosted by Mr, Nelson
Khonje their host, at the
Capital Hotel in Lilongwe.

peaking at the recep-
tion, Mr. Khonje said Mal-
aWi appreciated the aid it

received from the West
German Government
which had helped improve
the people’s living stan-
dard,

FRIEND

He said the assistance
Malawi gets from West
Germany had enabled the
country to increase agricul-
tural production, and that
by aiding public’ utilities
and the Rural Growth
Centre Project, West Ger-
many - had demonstrated
the idea of “a friend in
need isa friend indeed.”

He reminded them that
West Germany was the
first to promise aid to Mal-
awi.

The promise. made to
the Life President when he
visited their country in
1963, a year before Inde-
pendence, had been fol-
lowed to the letter, Mr.
Khonje said.

In reply, Dr, Riedl said
Malawi’s development ef-
forts were a good example
which could be followed
by others,

- “In a -world full of
hatred, Malawi is a shining

38

MALAWL

example in the way the
country regards other nat-
ionalities,” Dr. Riedl said.

He said they were ve:
pleased with the hospi-
tality the people of Malawi
had shown.

The delegation was ex-
pected to leave the country
yesterday,


The mine's main gates had not been locked although on Sunday there was extra
control at the boom following rumours reaching management that outside
union activists were being called in to boost the strike.

Mr Cook said the 86 dismissed workers yesterday left the mine "of their own
accord",

He was not aware of any court actions to prevent eviction of workers from
their houses and said no one was being evicted.

He also said the majority of the 86 dismissed men appeared to be "young Turks"
who had realised their cause was lost and had decided to leave.

Mr Cook said the strike had been sparked off when NUM shop stewards refused
to co-operate with management in setting a mutually acceptable time for the

holding of a memorial service for a Black worker killed in an accident almost
two weeks ago.

CSO; 3400/660

124


SWEDEN CLAMPS DOWN ON CAPITAL INVESTMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 11

[Text]
STOCKHOLM. —
Sweden’s Social
Democratic Govern-

ment plans to tighten
already stringent laws
limiting investments by
Swedish companies in
South Africa to ex-
press “‘Sweden’s ab-
horrence of the apart-
heid regime”, accord-
ing to the Foreign
Trade Minister Mats
‘Hellstroem.

A Bill to be debated by
Parliament next Wednes-
day will make it illegal to
sell vehicles and electron-
ics to the South African
police and military forces.

The Bill will also forbid
granting loans to the
State. Sweden already
bans arms sales to South
Africa. ~

The Swedish Govern-
ment hopes the Bill,
which is assured an easy
passage, -.will soon be-
come law, putting Swe-
den once again in the van-
guard of international
moves to isolate South

CSO: 3400/660

Africa by encouraging
disinvestment.

‘A 1979 law banning any
new direct Swedish in-
vestment in South Africa
and SWA will be tough-
ened to forbid companies
from leasing plant, equip-
ment and vehicles.

Spokesmen for some of
the 11 companies in-
volved say the new re-
strictions will be a further
impediment to their ac-
tivities in South Africa
but will not force them
out of business there.

However,, the Govern-
ment wants to set an ex-
ample to other nations.
“This legislation is an ex-
pression of Sweden’s ab-
horrence of the apartheid
regime,” Mr Hellstroem
said.

Some businessmen say
existing regulations have
succeeded only in damag-
ing Swedish companies.

“The aim of the 1979
law was to change apart-
heid and to get other
countries to follow suit,”
said Mr Thomas Hagdal

of the Federation of
Swedish Industries.
“None of that happened
so the law has only been
detrimental to Swedish
business.”

Pressure appears to be
mounting in other coun-
tries to try to force the
South African Govern-
ment to change the apart-
heid policy.

Norwegian. Commerce
and Shipping Minister
Asbjoern Haugstvedt has
said that Norway would
cut South African imports
in half in 1985.

US Senator Edward
Kennedy, who completed
a South African tour last
month, pledged to pro-
mote anti-apartheid legis-
lation in the US Senate,
where he is confident of
winning bipartisan sup-
port.

While some 350 US
companies operate in
South Africa, Sweden has
only 11 companies oper-
ating there with total as-
sets of R164-million in

108

SOUTH AFRICA

1983, according to Gov-
ernment figures.

The 1979 law allowed
companies to seek dispen-
sations for investments
aimed at preserving their
existing production ca-
pacity in the Republic.
Twelve __dispensations
have been granted, for in-
vestments totalling RS5-
million.

A Swedish Govern-
mental advisory body
proposed last year remov-
ing the possibility of dis-
pensation by 1990 but the
proposal was not imple-
mented. Instead, com-
panies will be allowed to
apply for exemptions
from the ban on new in-
vestment or leasing only
once a year.

Mr Helistroem has said
Swedish companies in
South Africa should do
everything possible to im-
prove the working and
living conditions of their
staff, particularly the
Blacks. — Sapa-Reuter.



SOUTH AFRICA

HEAVY DAMAGE AT CROSSROADS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Feb 85 ppl, 2
{Article by Rika van Graan, Bert van Hees, and SAPA]

[Text] The death toll in the riot-torn Crossroads squatter complex near Cape
Town remained at 16 late yesterday, but police reported heavy damage to
police, Administration Board and private vehicles.

Although the area was "quiet and under control", police were continuing to
patrol said police liaison officer, Lieutenant Attie Laubscher,

The riots said to be the worst in almost 10 years, left 230 people, including
26 policemen slightly injured. Two Administration Board vehicles were badly
damaged and six privately-owned vehicles gutted and 10 damaged, according to
figures released by the police.

Twenty~eight police vehicles were damaged, and a Post Office van burned.

Meanwhile, health authorities have warned of the possible outbreak of disease
in the crowded complex if rioting continues to hamper essential services such
as the daily collection of latrine buckets.

Dr L Tibbit, Medical Officer of the Health Divisional Council, warned that
the situation could generate an outbreak of gastro-enteritis and spread
measles.

He has withdrawn his Health Department staff from the area.

Dr Tibbit said there was a danger of gastro-enteritis related illnesses appear-
ing if the pails were not removed soon.

An "unusually high" number of measles cases had been reported to the Nyanga
and Crossroads clinics. Last month medical staff treated between 60 and 70
cases.

A huge inoculation campaign--involving 20 000 children--was necessary to com-
bat the diseases, Dr Tibbit said.

"t€ we don't get in there soon it could become serious," he said. "In Novem-

ber we innoculated 3 000 children, but there is such a treméndous’ turnover of
population that numbers are increasing all the time."

117



"On February 15 the South African Police and mine security were on standby
to ensure that the situation was kept under control and it was apparent that
there were a number of pickets at entrances of the mine who were intimidating
workers to join the strike," Mr Oberholtzer said in his statement,

The mine authorities had warned the union that the strikers would be dis-
missed, Later the union informed the authorities that the workers disap-

proved of the existing system whereby an "early return bonus" is paid only
on their return from a period at home.

They also called for the dismissal of the chief hostel manager and a senior
Black assistant.

cso; 3400/660

122


ARMY TO REBUILD FLOOD-DAMAGED BRIDGES

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 11 Feb 85 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/672

GOVERNMENT will soon
deploy Defence Force perso-
nnel to reconstruct bridges
which have been swept away
by torrential rains in, Luang-
wa: district, Lusaka Province
Member of the Central ‘Com-
mittee Mr Fines Bulawayo
said yesterday.

Mr Bulawayo said the floods
in the district were so serious
that the Government was now
considering reconstructing the
old Feira .road which was
on the drier part of the dist-
rict.

Mr. Bulawayo said how-
ever, that although plans are
underway to reconstruct the
old Feira road this will only be
done after ensuring that all
the land mines which may
have been planted by rebel
Rhodesian forces during the
bush war with Zimbabwean
freedom fighters are removed.

Mr Bulawayo who recently
visited the district which is
now completely cut off from
the rest of the country said

146

Luangwa Secondary School
and Katondwe Primary School
students are threatened with
starvation as helicopters can
no longer land in the area
to deliver food supplies while
vehicles cannot get through
because roads are still impa-
ssable.

“Luangwa Secondary
School has only’ food supplies
to last them three weeks
whiie Katondwe has comple-
tely run out of food and is gett-
ing their supplies from the Se-
condary School. 1am afraid the
situation is getting more seri-
ous but we are doing every-
thing possible to assist,” he
said.

Because of the floods which
have ‘so far ‘devastated fields
and houses in thé district,
Mr Bulawayo said only ten
Grade Eight students out
of 40 have arrived at Kato-
ndwe and parents are despata-

‘te to get their children to

school but do not know what to
do.

ZAMBIA


ZAMBIA

SMUGGLING RESURFACES IN NORTHWEST
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 2 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

NORTH-WESTERN Province Member of the
Central Committee Mr Maxwell Beyani has ex-
pressed concern at the resurgence of smuggling

of mealie meal into Zaire.

He said in Solwezi’

yesterday that smuggling

mealie meal by
Zambians and Zaireans
had reached alarming
proportions and unless
Party officials at the border
Joined in the fight against
the scourge the people in
the province risked ex-
periencing shortages of the
commodity.

Mr Beyani said he had
asked Chingola governor
Mr Evaristo Mutale to
ensure that all vehicles
carrying, essential goods
including mealie meal were
registered at the security
point at Mushishima to
curb smuggling.

Upon reaching Solwezi
the vehicles would be
registered for delivering
the goods and returns made
at the end of the month.

“Any businessman who
docs not registér his
vehicle in Solwezi after
collecting mealie meal from
the Copperbelt. will have
exposed himself of being a

CSO: 3400/673

smuggler and his truck will
be impounded for contra-
vening regulations,” Mr
Beyani said.

The provincial leadership
would consider whether to
replace Mobfle policemen
stationed at the border
with Zaire after repeated
accusations of corruption
by the public and Party
offictals.

Measures worked out to

control smuggling would
prove fruitless unless the
people joined forces with
the Party and security
men in the fight.

And illegal currency ex-
change at Nakonde by
Zambians and Tanzanians,
is continuing . unabated,
Northern Province Member
of the Central Committee
Mr Joseph Mutale has said.

Mr Mutale said smugg!-
ing of goods and money
by Zambians and people
from neighbouring coun-
tries was now a. perpetual
problem.

“Party and Government
officials along border areas

150

have tried hard to reduce
this problem but there are
people. who have become
addicted to smuggling
making it impossible to end
the practice.”

It was not possible to
stop smuggling in the

, area. What the Party and

immigration officials were
doing was to reduce
incidences of the practice.

Meanwhile, Mr Mutale
said distribution of top
dressing fertiliser to
farmers had now gathered
momentum after a com-
mittee formed last month to
oversee the —_ exercise
mobilised transport for the
Northern Cooperative
Cnion.

Problems of shortfalls
in supplies especially in
remote areas has been

_ solved and’ all farmers
would get enough for their

fields.

Lack of transport which
had been a major setback
in distribution was now a
thing of the past, Mr
Mutale said.


JPRS-SSA- 85-021

15 March 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

ANGOLA

Country Reportedly Well Equipped With Latest Soviet We.
(Ray Joseph; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Jan 85) enon ee ONS ass

Difficult Situation in Country According to ICRC
(WEEKEND POST, 5 Jan 85) secvecseeccerceecsesecceerseteaee

Briefs
UNITA Claims

BOTSWANA

South African Transportation System Allegedly Favored
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 3 Feb 85) ceceeee

Country Warned Against Providing Sanctuary for Terrorists
(THE DAILY NEWS, 5 Feb 85) sescesceesescceces

Farmers Abandoning Drought-Stricken Cape Border Farms
(Peter Wallington; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 20 Jan 85) s..eeeeeeere

Briefs
Bomb Participants Seek Asylum
Illegal Border Crossings

BURKINA

Burkina Commission on Toure's Accusation
(Ouagadougou Domestic Service, 27 Feb B5) veveccceeeeseees

Financial Backers Meet To Discuss Road Project
(Ouagadougou Domestic Service, 27 Feb 85) wevceccecceeeee

CAMEROON

Briefs
Automatic Pistols Purchased
Order for Tug Boat

10

12

12

13

16

v7
7


SWAZILAND

PRIME, FINANCE MINISTERS COMMENT ON CUSTOMS FRAUD
MB211659 Mbabane Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 21 Feb 85

[Text] The prime minister, Prince Bhekimpi, says only a few companies accused
of fraud in the customs union are in Swaziland and that the majority are in
South Africa. Speaking at the House of Assembly today, Prince Bhekimpi appeal-
ed to the members of parliament to exercise some patience as the matter in
connection with the customs union fraud affected all members of the union. He
said he hoped that the culprits will be brought to court soon, although
Swaziland is still waiting for South Africa, Botswana, and Lesotho to make their
proposals, saying the man commissioned to carry out investigations in those
countries has already completed his job. He revealed that Swaziland first heard
of irregularities after South Africa had indicated so and that every movement
undertaken by the kingdom with regard to findings of the alleged irregularities
was done in cooperation with the three other members of the customs union.

On answering as to what action was being taken by the customs union partners to
ensure that cases of fraud would not take place in future, the minister for
finance, Mr Sibusiso Barnabas Dlamini, said the procedure for the controll of
goods removed under customs bond is currently reviewed by the customs’ technical
liaison committee of the customs union. He pointed out that the entire system
was being revised in order to ensure the risk of the recurrence of fraud was
minimized.

Mr Dlamini said from the very onset Swazi police started working closely with
relevant authorities in Swaziland and South Africa. On the loss of 7,000
emalangeni, some of the money the country had gained through sales tax, the
finance minister said protagonists of such theft were public servants, stating
that their misdeed was discovered immediately. He further disclosed that two
public servants accused of the theft had already appeared in the Manzini court.

Mr Dlamini then denied as untrue that there were government employees who
occupied government quarters without rent fees. On the subject of investment
incentives, in that temporary residence permits valid for 5 years period might
discourage the employment of locals, Mr Dlamini said permits would continue
being granted with due care:and discernment but only in those cases where
there were no suitable qualified locals.

CSO: 3400/624

140


SOUTH AFRICA

JOB-CREATION EFFORT IN PORT ELIZABETH REPORTED
Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 6 Feb 85 pl
[Article by Louis Beckerling]

{Text] Seven companies are considering a combined investment of R20,2 mil-
jion in new industries in Port Elizabeth.

If the companies decide to go ahead with their plans, this will create 528
new jobs in the city.

And further potentially good news is that an investigation into compensating
industry for the high cost of railing raw materials from the Reef to decen-
tralised areas has been completed. The Midland Chamber of Industries believes
this may result in lower costs of shipping steel from the Reef to Port
Elizabeth,

Clarity on the proposed investments dn Port Elizabeth came in an interview to-
day with Mr Duggie de Beer, chairman of the Decentralisation Board.

Mr De Beer, in the city to address a meeting of the Midland Chamber of Indus-
tries, said the Decentralisation Board had approved applications for industrial
incentives from seven companies proposing new investments in Port Elizabeth
since the introduction of an improved incentive package for the area in Novem-
ber this year. :
The figure contrasts markedly with a claim in Parliament on January 30 by Dr
Dawie de Villiers, Minister of Trade and Industries, that 17 new applications
involving investments of $34 million had been approved for the city.

At the time the Mayor of Port Elizabeth, Mr Ivan Krige, expressed scepticism
over the Minister's claims.

In an interview with Mr De Beer, it emerged that 10 of the companies mentioned
by Dr De Villiers were already established in the city, and had merely applied
for the new incentives announced in November to be extended to their existing
operations, The combined investment by these Port Elizabeth companies was
R14,8 million, said Mr De Beer, and they provided employment for a total of
966 workers.

101



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

OSHAKATI BOMB BLAST--Windhoek, 27 Feb (SAPA)--Two people died in a powerful
bomb blast which ripped through a wholesale shop at Oshakati in northern
SWA/Namibia today. A white woman and a black man died, while seven

Ovambo civilians were injured and admitted to a hospital, a spokesman for
the SWA Territory Force said in Windhoek. The victims have not yet been
identified. The explosion occurred at 10:55 am. Damage has not yet

been assessed. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1102 GMT 27 Feb 85]

cso: 3400/659

61



Col Kleynhans said the military operation held this week could not be linked
with a Swapo incursion as Swapo did not pose a threat to the conventional
forces of the SADF.

However, the exercise, which was carried out 50km south of Ruacana on the
SWA/Angolan border by the conventional force of 61 Mechanised Battalion,
was based on a cross-border strike into Angola.

Terrain similar to that of southern Angola had been chosen for the exercise
to simulate a realistic war situation.

SADF Exercise In SWA 'Not a Dress Rehearsal’

Windhoek--The South African Defence Force yesterday ended a two-day military
exercise in northwest Ovambo based on a cross-border strike into Angola.

However, the exercise was not a warm-up for a real operation into Angola
but part of the operational training for national servicemen, said Major-
General Georg Meiring, general Officer Commanding SWA Territory Force,
who attended the exercise.

It was the first time the media were invited to cover a conventional warfare
military exercise in the war zone.

It was also the first time that tanks were used in a military exercise in
the area. Another first was an exercise in the breaching of minefields,

About 1 000 South African national servicemen of 61 Mechanised Battalion
took part in the exercise.

Two dozen local and foreign journalists followed the infantry, armoured
vehicles and tanks over sandy and bushy terrain about 50km from the border
town of Ruacana in a simulated war attack against three enemy positions.

To simulate a realistic war situation, terrain similar to that of southern
Angola was chosen and live ammunition was used in the exercise.

Only one soldier sustained a minor hand injury in the joint Army and Air
Force day~and-night attack.

Colonel A.S. Kleynhans, senior staff officer of the SWA Territory Force
Military Information Service, said that the exercise was carried out

because, despite peace negotiations between South Africa and Angola,
“We are still fighting a war with Swapo."

CSO: 3400/594

47



cso;

3400/680

second largest packaging
group, has won a R2-mil-
lion contract for corru-
gated cartons to be used in
the export of Chilean ap-
ples.

The weak rand coupled
with superior quality of
paper and box design are
said to be the factors which

«influenced the Chilean
co-operatives: to
award gard the 2 000 t order to

in all, more than 1,5-
million cartons. will be
shipped in the initial order.

96

Photo caption:

Chile has proved to be
H lucrative market for
ennings. Manganese,
a foundry located in Is-
Ithebe, KwaZulu.

An approved ‘sup-
pller to. numerous
OEMs who* supply
crushers and allied
pau vent to in-

Indubtries: Lonnings
rles, Lennings
the seen expo!

163% In value "during
the past two financial
years. They now ac-
count for 60% of total
sales value.

The company’s ma-
Jor exports markets are
the USA, Canada, the

Lennings —_speci-
allses In the manufac-
ture of cone crusher
bow! liners and man-
tles, mill liners,
screens, rolls shells
and gyratory crusher
conclaves.


I think the concern that is expressed by these Left elements comes from a
very fundamental misunderstanding of Marxism, which I understand to be a
guide to scientific practice, The matter is not helped any by dogmatic
positions or ideal solutions that ignore or run away from the real situation
on the ground..."

There seems to be-a lot of excitement among the 'left-wing thinkers' that
finally something was being done about what they saw as a betrayal of the
revolution. A few weeks ago an unsigned statement arrived in the offices
of Talking Drums from a group callec United Revolutionary Front of Ghana
(URF). The statement in tone sounded very much like the one by Mr Fui

‘Tsikata, it also accused Flt-Lt Rawlings of having betrayed the December 31

revolution.
It sounds like the left-wing is striking back.
TIMES Article
London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 18, 4 Feb 85 p 14

[text] Accra (AFP)--The Ghanaian Leader, Flight-Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings,
has been attacked by former left-wing supporters for his recent political
and economic policies.

A statement read here by Mr Fui Tsikata, a law lecturer and aide to Mr
Rawlings, was éspectally critical of the increasing role of the World Bank
and International Monetary Fund in determining national economic policy.

In the: stvongest public reaction so far to the Rawlings recovery programme,
the statement said the Government has abandoned the ideals of the revolution
by following the directives of the IMF and World Bank.

Last month the bank agreed to lend Ghana $415 million (£360 million), after
the Government instituted IMF-backed measures, including three unpopular
devaluations, and price increases of consumer goods.

PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC Article
London TALKING’ DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 18, 4 Feb 85 p 14

[Text7 In a statement released yesterday by representatives of the New
Democratic Movement, some members of the Catholic Graduates for Action and
some individuals, including Father Joop Visser, concern was expressed at

the lack of public reaction to certain government decisions of last December.

The signatories indicated their misgivings about the apparent demoralisation
of CDRs brought about by consistent attacks on their weaknesses, the pene-
tration of their ranks by powerful social groups of the old order, and the
maiiner in which their restructuring was announced.

21



CAMEROON

BRIEFS

AUTOMATIC PISTOLS PURCHASED--A military delegation led by the assistant
budget director and personnel from the Armed Forces Ministry made a visit
to Italy ih November. Cameroon has recently purchased automatic pistols
from the Beretta firm. /Text/ /Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English Jan 85
p i1/

ORDER FOR TUG BOAT--The National Port Authority has placed an order with
the Ateliers et Chantiers de la Manche (ACM) shipyards in Dieppe (France)
for a high seas tug boat. Designed for use by the port of Douala, this
unit is registered under the number 1329, and is to be delivered on
October 5, 1985. It measures 29.35m in overall length (26.80m at the
floating line), 9m moulded breadth, 4.70m moulded depth, 4.50m rear draught
and 3.70m hull depth. The power plant consists of a Diesel/SACM AGO diesel
engine, type 195V12RVR, with an adjustable exhaust nozzle. It outputs
2000hp at 1350:rpm. Its fixed point traction is 25 tons, and its test
speed is 12.7 knots. The vessel will be equippped with a 30-ton tow hook
and firefighting equipment. /[Text/ /Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English

Jan 85 p 11/

cso: 3400/600

17



It was pointed out to Mr De Klerk that an all-white committee of the previous
Parliament considered the repeal of the two measures for 14 months, and that
the overwhelming volume of evidence to the committee supported their repeal.

Coloured MPs yesterday demanded to know why it was necessary to appoint yet
another committee when it was clear that most South Africans wanted the
laws scrapped.

In the House of Assembly yesterday, the leader of the Progressive Federal
Party, Dr Frederik van Zyl Slabbert, also questioned the need for another
parliamentary committee to consider the Laws.

In a related development, the CP MP for Brakpan, Mr Frank le Roux,. tabled
questions in the House of Assembly yesterday asking two Cabinet Ministers if
action would be taken against people who allegedly broke Section 16 of

the Immorality Act.

In separate questions to the Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange
and the Minister of Justice, Mr Kobie Coetsee, Mr Le Roux has asked what
action, if any, will be taken against certain people whose names have
been given to the Police.

The controversy has highlighted the Government's dilemma in moving away
from discriminatory laws.

cso: 3400/608

100


GHANA

BRIEFS

MILITARY UNIFORMS MISUSED--The Ministry of Defence has repeated its warning
to the public that "it is an offence for anyone to sell‘ or buy any military
uniform and equipment in the country." Any person who contravened the

law (NLCD 177) commits a criminal offence and'will face the full rigours of
the law. A statement from the Ministry of Information said yesterday that
the Defence Ministry had expressed concern at the rate at which thieves and
armed robbers were masquerading as military personnel. It attributed this
state of affairs to the unlawful possession of such uniforms and equipment
by unauthorized persons and organizations. Despite repeated warnings, it
said the public had conveniently closed their eyes and ears to the law
proscribing the use of military uniforms and equipment. ‘The law reminded
members of the Armed Forces of Ghana that "the misuse and/or misapplication
of military uniforms and/or accoutrements is an offence punishable by

military discipline." /Text/  /Accra GHANIAN TIMES in English 30 Jan 85
pl/

TRADE WITH CZECH GROWING--The Czechoslovak Ambassador to Ghana, Mr Ladislav
Sobhr, has said that import and export trade between Ghana and Czechoslovakia
has progressed steadily over the past 27 years. Speaking to newsmen in
Accra, the Ambassador said his country would step up co-operation with Ghana
in the fields of commerce and technology. So far, he said, Czechoslovakia
had supplied local firms with a number of capital goods, including machinery
and spare parts for its industrialization programme. He mentioned the
ceramics factory at Saltpond, the tannery project at Aveyime, the Bonsa
Tyre Factory and the Kumasi Shoe Factory as some of the industries which
had received Czechoslovakia machinery and equipment. Mr Sobhr said in
return, his country imported cocoa beans and manganese_ore from Ghana.
Text? /Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 29 Jan 85 p 3/

MALIANS FLEE DROUGHT CONDITIONS--Fifteen Malian refugees have arrived in
Bolgatanga [northern Ghana] on their way to Accra after 11 days of walking.
A Ghana News Agency report quotes a Malian representative as having said
that many more of the refugees had arrived earlier in Paga. He said they
are being sent to Accra where the Malian Embassy would complete negotia-
tions with the Saudi Arabian Embassy for the resettlement of some of them.
In an interview, most of the refugees said they have been compelled to
leave their country because of 3 years of acute drought which has hindered
farming and left them with no livelihood. They said under such deplorable
conditions, they are compelled to leave their country to look for food
elsewhere. [Text] [Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 23 Feb 85]

29



SOUTH AFRICA

DU PLESSIS ASKS FOR R1,43-BILLION MORE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Feb 85 p 4

{Text]

cso:

CAPE TOWN. — Parlia-
ment is to be asked to ap-
prove additional expendi-
fore or R1 436 231 000
the 1984/85 financial year,
according to estimates
tabled by the Minister of
Finance, Mr Barend du
Plessis.

This brings the total re-
vised budget for the fi-

nancial year ending
March 31, 1985 to
R22 942 379 000.

Mr Du Plessis will de-
liver his Second Reading
speech for the Additional
Appropriation Bill to a
joint sitting of Parlia
ment on Monday.

Additional amounts to
be voted in terms of the
estimates include
R295 934 000 for agricul-
ture, R197 506 000 for de-
fence, R150 864 000 for
transport, R156 410 000
for community develop-
ment, R142 486 000 for
industries and commerce,
R87 202 000 for constitu-
tional development and
planning and R80 692 000
for foreign affairs.

3400/660

The additional esti-
mates also __ include
amounts of R79 544 000
for the administration of
the house of Assembly,
R12 774000 for the
House of Representatives
and R13 000 000 for the
House of Delegates.

According to the esti-
mates, the bulk of the ad-
ditional expenditure on
the agriculture vote —
R249 294 000 — is in re-
spect of industry assist-
ance and subsidies on
maize and wheat prod-
ucts.

Tabled

An explanatory mem-
orandum on the Defence
Vote, tabled by the Min-
ister, General Magnus
Malan, attributes the in-
creases in the depart-
ment’s spending to infla-
tion’ exchange rate losses;
higher pay for permanent
force members and con-
s6760001cripts, an in-
creased National Service
intake in January 1985
and a greater number of

voluntary National Servi-
cemen because of the
economic situation.

The increased expendi-
ture by the Department
of Community Develop-
ment includes
R86 000 000 for housing
aid to officials, according
to an explanatory memor-
andum tabled by the Min-
ister of Communications
and Public Works, Dr
Lapa Munnik.

Higher interest rates,
an increase in the number
of officials who bought
homes and voluntary in-
creases in instalments to
discharge bonds sooner
contributed to the in-
crease, the memorandum

says.
The, bulk of the in-
creased Transport Budget
is in respect of operating
losses in rail passenger
services (an increase of
R90 000 000) and
R39 200 000 more in con-
tributions to transport
services for Blacks,
Coloureds and Indians.
Higher estimates for

110

the Department of Indus-
tries and Commerce in-
clude R128 043 000 for
decentralisation of indus-
tries, while R84 415 000
of the additional
R87 202 000 to be voted
for the Department of
Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning is in
respect of higher provin-
cial subsidies.

Foreign Aid

Of the extra
R80 692 000 needed for
the Foreign Affairs Vote,
R76 203 000 is in respect
of foreign aid and devel-
opment —_ co-operation,
according to an explana-
tory memorandum.

This includes an “un-
avoidable _ contribution”
of R50 375 000 to Trans-
kei, Venda and Ciskei for
the implementation of oc-*
cupational differentiation
for their employees, the
memorandum says.

Also included in the ad-
ditional expenditure is
R16 689 000 for subsidies
to entrepreneurs ,


SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

339 DETAINED DURING 1984--Cape Town.--Forty-four people under the age of
twenty were detained in terms of security legislation last year, the Minis-
ter of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange said. In a written reply toa
question by Mrs Helen Suzman (PFP, Houghton), he said in 1984 a total of
seven Whites, six Coloureds, five Asians and 321 Blacks were detained under
security laws. Of these 44 were less than 20, From January 1 to February 5,
a total of 47 people had been detained, all of them Blacks. In reply to
another question by Mrs Suzman, Mr Le Grange said nine people detained under
security laws in 1984 were under 18. Four were being tried but there had
been no convictions, Their cases were still pending. {Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 21 Feb 85 p 2)

LABOR DISPUTES--Cape Town.--The SA Police were called to the scene of 39
labour disputes, 31 work stoppages and 259 strikes in 1984, the Minister of
Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, said, in a written reply to a question by
Dr Alex Boraine (PFP, Pinelands), [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 21 Feb 85 p 2]

DEFICIT OF $192-MILLION EXPECTED--The SA Transport Services' expected deficit
of R192 million for the 1985/86 financial year could be reduced or a "break-
even" situation reached if there was an economic upswing, the Minister of Trans-
port, Mr Hendrik Schoeman, said yesterday. He said the Services had managed to
break even this year after an expected deficit. "If there is an economic up-
swing in 1985/86 we might be able to reduce the R192 million deficit budgeted
for, or even break even again." After announcing a wide range of new and in-
creased goods services tariffs to provide a goods revenue increase of 7,6 per-
cent, or R227 million, he said dn Parliament that Sats did not wish to increase
tariffs to such an extent as to make good the R192 million deficit. "We will
endeavour to reduce it by greater efficiency, more -savings and still higher
productivity." It was estimated that revenue derived from all services would
amount to $8 158 million, while expenditure after appropriation of net revenue
would total R8 350 million. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

21 Feb 85 p 13]

MINERS RE-EMPLOYMENT DENIED--More than 270 mine-workers who were still living
in the hostels of the East Driefontein mine near Carletonville after being
dismissed last weekend, would not be re-employed, a spokesman for Goldfields
said yesterday. An application by the mine for the eviction of the workers

131



Who cares?

It is instructive to see the massed tourists heading north on the salt-
covered coast road from Swakopmund through the recreational area and the
Skeleton Coast part, their powerful 4WD-vehicles bristling with fishing
rods, their deep-freezes perched on trailers, ready to hit the fish at
Torra Bay, Terrace Bay and various spots en route.

Nature conservation officers do valiant and little-recognized work to check
over-fishing but the coast is vast, the budget tight.

No Play Park

Being part of the rand currency area, SWA/Namibia is in the same vortex
of inflation as Sovth Africa, as its economy declines visibly. With only
the primary sectors of real economic significance, with little or no manu-
facturing industry and leaning heavily on Souty Africa for imports, SWA/
Namibia could be described as a mandated service industry, serving others
not itself.

The important point is that SWA/Namibia us not a-private :pLay -park'! fon:
plunder or a practice ground for the South African army, but a country for
its own self-respecting people. Not a poor country either. Assuming
careful conservation of resources by its own accountable government after
independence, it could pay its way.

If not, then at least its own government would be on the hook, not Pretoria
or the world.

It needs independence now.

cso: 3400/594

53



TRIAL OF ARCHBISHOP HURLEY DRAWING FOREIGN CLERGYMEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Feb 85 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/660

THE trial of a South Afri-
can archbishop who ac-
cused the country’s police
of atrocities. is drawing
senior foreign clergymen
— including two arch-
bishops — to the country,
the Southern African
Catholic Bishops’ Confer-
ence said yesterday.

Archbishop Denis Hur-
ley, president of the
SACBC, is accused of de-
faming the police by al-
Jeging that a _ special
counter-insurgency unit
committed atrocities
against Black civilians in
South West Africa.

Clergymen from Brit-
ain and Finland will be
present at a Pretoria court
on Monday when Arch-
bishop Hurley will be
charged with contraven-
ing the Police Act. The
Jaw bans publication of al-
legations against the
Police, which the force
denies.

Archbishop _ Hurley,
the most senior clergy-
man in the hierarchy of
the Roman Catholic
Church in South Africa,
cited two cases of alleged
atrocities in South West
Africa.

The allegations con-
rerned Koevoet, a special

unit fighting Swapo guer-
rillas.

Archbishop Hurley is
the most senior church
leader to stand trial in
South Africa.

Among clergymen
coming to South Africa in
sympathy with Arch-
bishop Hurley, the
SACEBC said, are Glas-
gow’s Archbishop
Thomas Winning, Arch-
bishop Mikko Juva of
Finland, Bishop Donal
Lamont from Britain and
Bishop David Konstant,
who is representing Basil
Cardinal. Hume of
Westminster.

The Swiss Bishops’
Conference has sent a
message to the State
President, Mr P W Botha,
protesting against the tri-
al, it added.

The trial is‘expected to
last about four weeks.

Representatives of ma-
jor foreign embassies wvill
attend the trial, the
SACBC added.

The SACBC said it had
called on all Catholics to
show solidarity with
Archbishop Hurley by
staging prayer vigils and
observinv a day of fast.
The Archbishop will at-
tend a special church
meeting on Sunday in
Durban. — Sapa-Reuter.

107

SOUTH AFRICA



But improving attitudes in South Africa is not only a matter for civil
servants; it is also up to ordinary citizens.

Tf the Government can free itself from the Tar Baby of impossible
ideology, so can the rest of us unstick ourselves from the glue of
prejudice.

cso: 3400/608

71



to. say they were the only safe representatives of bourgeois rule in Ghana.
Rawlings, they argued, should not be trusted by the outside (imperialist)
world. This apparent congruence of interests between the two rival petty-
bourgeots factions merely reflects the fact that both want to achieve essen-
tially the same goal--a neo-colonialist capitalist economy fully integrated
into the world capitalist economic system as envisaged by the International
Monetary (IMF)/World Bank.

But who are the real enemies of the Rawlings regime? They have been, and
will remain, the working class and its allies as well as the progressive
organisations who refused to join in the deceitful, fraudulent and cynical
betrayal of the interests of the Ghanaian masses. To reiterate, the
struggle was between those who wanted to advance the interests of the
Ghanatan working people along a truly revolutionary path and those against
this; those who wanted to create the necessary conditions for the mases to
fulfil their aspirations and those who wanted to mortgage Ghana's economy
to Imperialism under the IMF supervision.

It is against this background that we have to understand how a PNDC,
brought to power on the crest of a popular wave and revolutionary fervour,
is implementing the most reactionary, destructive economic programme in
Ghana's history. It is also why since the crisis of October-November 1982
when the revolutionary forces suffered some reverses, the working class
have suffered a series of political setbacks, and whilst the rhetoric of
the regime still proclaims revolution as its goal, it has reacted to every
perceived threat; every crisis, every new situation by lurching further to
the right, and further from the working people.

Thus in analysing events in Ghana, it is important to identify the PNDC of
1982 (PNDC 1), which in itself was neither a democratically run body, nor
one capable of providing genuine revolutionary leadership, but at least
included some genuine revolutionary forces, and PNDC II which emerged as
a result of the crisis in which the revolutionary aspect of December 31st
was abandoned. No wonder the PNDC II has emerged as a body dominated by
the most ferocious enemies of the working people.

The social. consequences of the Rawlings betrayal are immediately obvious:
the destruction of all social services on a scale never dreamt of even by
the previous darlings, boys of the IMF--the National Liberation Council
(NLC)--Busia administrations. The educational policy of the PNDC II is:
"EDUCATION, A PRIVILEGE, NOT A RIGHT.' As the IMF tightens its grip over
the economy more and more firmly, thanks to PNDC Ii, the poor must say
goodbye to ever seeing their children educated (only the very rich can
enjoy this 'privilege'). Whilst Kwesi Botchwey and his like are loosening
their belts...

cso: 3400/601

23



cso;

3400/679

For any industry or insti-
tution wishing to make use
of CSIR services it is es-
sential to deal with the right
people in the right depart-
ment or institute. Failure
to make the right connec-
tions can lead to many
problems and may end in
dissatisfaction. on both
sides. .

As a first step, inter-
ested parties aré invited to
write or s¢tephone for a
highly’ informative booklet
which lists the names of ail
institutes and-departirients,
giving’a' broad dutline of
function and services
available, together with the
titles, names and extension
telephone numbers of alt
senior liaison personnel.

The CSIR — Organi-
sation and Activities is
available from The Pub-
lishing Division, CSIR, PO
Box 395, Pretotia 0001;
phone (012) 86-9211 ex-
tensions 4062 or 2188;.t¢1-
egrams: NAVORS; telex:
3-630.

89



ANGOLA

DIFFICULT SITUATION IN COUNTRY ACCORDING TO ICRC
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 5 Jan 85 p 3

[Text] Windhoek--As the civil war in Angola intensifies, the situation
of over 200 000 displaced refugees is "becoming worse and worse," according
to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

In the December 1984 issue of the ICRC Bulletin, the committee says a
recent survey done by the Red Cross indicates a steady deterioration in the
country.

"The ICRC has been stockpiling supplies, although badly hampered by logis-
tical difficulties.

"The only practical way to move staff and goods from the coast to the worst-
affected areas is by air, since the railway is repeatedly out of action and
the roads are in disrepair and unsafe."

The scale of relief operations in Angola is clearly indicated by the sheer
size of the Red Cross operation in Angola--one of the biggest in Africa
after countries like Ethiopia.

The ICRC staff in Angola presently numbers, according to the bulletin, 23
pilots, 21 medical delegates, 11 ordinary delegates, 10 relief workers and
32 supporting posts.

By contrast, the ICRC's Namibia office has only two delegates and a hand-
ful of office workers,

At present, "Some 1 000 tons of stores are being delivered per month and
this was to be increased to up to 2 000 tons by the end of the year (1984)."

Many regions are inacessible because of military activity and actions by
Unita rebels, and because of the dispersed nature of the population, it is
impossible to establish refugee camps, the bulletin said.

Their aircraft are making up to three flights each day and a total of
3 200 malnourished children are being fed in the central areas of Huambo
province.


CSIR RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS DETAILED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 31 Jan 85 pp 19-30

[CSIR Special Survey]

[Text] National Institute for Materials Research

If South African industries
are to remain competitive
in world markets, mate-
rials research and constant
updating of materials data
are essential ingredients for
any further success scen-
ario.

Without the resources
available to their larger
counterparts overseas, lo-
cal industries are hard
pressed to keep pace in the
research and development
field or even in the tech-

‘nological implementation
of new developments. The
sheer costs of research fa-
cilities and the shortage of
suitably qualified people
puts this effort beyond all
but a mere handfull of ma-
jor groups.

With this limitation in
mind, the CSIR has estab-
lished the National Insti-
tute for Materials Research
(NIMR) to act as a fully
equipped and staffed R&D
laboratory to support in-
dustry, even the smallest
and youngest enterprises,
with the latest technical in-
formation as well as access
to expertise in the appli-
cation of advanced re-
search facilities.

The Institute’s three
most important objectives

are to undertake in-house
and national research pro-
grammes at the highest
levels possible, to provide
a base of expertise that will
put local industry on a
footing with overseas
competitors and, in gen-
eral, to promote the field
of materials science and
engineering.

‘Its work takes the Insti-
tute into the fields of met-
als, alloys, ceramics, glass,
semiconductors, polymers
and composites. There is
an underlying philosophy
that where possible efforts
should be made to improve
and further exploit the vast
South African raw mate-
rial resources in the form
of upgraded materials.

This can either support
import replacement ven-
tures or efforts to enhance
exports of items of higher
technological value.

The research thus cov-
ers many developing high-
technology areas with em-
phasis on materials proc-
essing together with in-
depth investigations of
structural, physical (in-
cluding electronic and op-
tical) and mechanical
Properties, and also in-
cludes wider topics such as

72

wear, corrosion’ and ma-
terials selection.

Among the more prom-
ising investigations car-
ried out by the NIMR is
one into the use of the pie-
zoelectric effect. This
technology relies upon the
fact that certain materials,
some of which are single
crystals and others poly-
crystalline ceramics, show
reversible electro-me-
chanical coupling.

The development of pie-
Zoelectric transducers has
opened many new hori-
zons for innovations in
which these effects can be
exploited.

Among these are many
acoustic devices, detectors
in mining to provide early
danger warning systems for
potential rock bursts and
mechanisms for the fine
adjustment of laser mir-
rors for high accuracy
measurement. Other pro-
grammes of significance
relate to high technology
and so-called ‘‘structural”’
ceramics.

In the field of metal-
lurgy, the Institute has de-
veloped a new series of
steels which provide the
potential for replacing cer-
tain imported alloying ad-

SOUTH AFRICA

ditions. The expertise
generated is now being
utilised in full to undertake
specific alloy development
programmes under confi-
dential contract agree-
ments. '

Other longer term proj-
ects include a study on the
development of alternative
stainless steels which ap-
pear to have economic ad-
vantages, and the design of
more abrasion resistant and
tougher white cast irons.

The importance of ad-
vanced surface treatments
and coatings technology
and the whole field of sur-
face engineering has been
identified and research in
this area has tremendous
industrial potential.

The developments in
technology iti the modern
era can in large part be re-
lated to the development of
semiconductor devices.
The NIMR is actively re-
searching advanced semi-
conductor materials with
Properties superior to those
of the more commonly used
silicon.

Each material has its
own specific processing
routes. and other techno-
logical requirements. Great
strides have been made in


hydraulic pump/motors in
conjunction with a fully
floating AC electric mo-
tor. The transmission was
designed for high regener-
ative energy efficiency and
-is controlled bya micro-
processor.

When slowing, kinetic
energy is stored as pres-
sure energy in hydraulic
accumulators and used to
accelerate the vehicle from
test. This method of ac-
celeration thus reduces the
high battery drain associ-
ated with battery driven
cars and increases its
range.

The Mine Equipment
Research unit does re-
search and investigations
on steel wire winding ropes

and the performance and
strength of mining ma-
chinery, components and
structures. This work is
largely concerned with
safety in mining equip-
ment and the unit is often
called upon to test prod-
ucts before they are put on
‘ alist of approved suppliers
for a mining house.

The unit also operates a
non-destructive testing

laboratory and about 600 .
man-hours a year are spent *

on ultrasonic, magnetic
particle and dye penetrant
testing of components for
industry.

The function of the Pro-
duction Engincering Ad-
visory Service (PEAS) unit

Chemical Engineering Research Group

Staff at the Chemical En-
gineering Research Group
have a disarming ability to
simplify a complex chem-
ical process or reaction by
describing it in the most
basic terms. An example
would be the liquefaction

* of coal, which deputy head
Dr Ed Hicks describes as
basically taking a carbon
atom and sticking on two
atoms of hydrogen.

Or, in describing the es-
sence of heat, mass and
momentum transfer: “This
is really the basis of chem-

‘ical engineering and all it
means is that one has a
substance in a particular
chemical and physical state
and wants to convert it into
some other state. Chemi-
cal plants are built to do
such conversions as effi-
ciently as possible with the
minimum energy input.

“Heat, mass and mo-
mentum transfer examines
the fundamentals of this
transfer process,’”

Such descriptions of a
complex chemical process
may appear simplistic but

behind them lies the ability
to see straight into the heart
of a problem, to define it
and then solve it by logical
means. This approach pays
dividends for industry
coming to the CERG for
advice on a production
problem.

“Very often industry
may come to us and pres-
ent us with what they see
as their problem, when in
fact the problem lies else-
where. The art of solving
problems is to find out
where the real problem lies
and then tackle it cor-
rectly,” said Hicks,

Hicks quotes the ex-
ample of the producer of a
fine wax powder who was
grinding slabs of wax. The
problem was that as he
ground it, it started melt-
ing and caking up the
equipment. .

“We went deeper into
the problem and asked him
why he was grinding this
wax and where it came
from. It turned out that they
were producing slabs
whereas they wanted a fine

is to promote the optimum
application of technical
know-how. South African
industry is faced with
problems such as low pro-
duction quantities and poor
+ Specialisation and this unit
is in a position to improve
the efficiency of the use of
labour resources and cap-
ital by advice and assist-
ance in the application of
available technologies.
This process of tech-
nology transfer includes in-
service training, seminars
and courses based on the
requirements of local in-
dustry.
This practical approach
extends to advice on ma-
chining and manufacturing

powder. So we came up
with a way of producing
the fine powder directly,
thereby eliminating a
Process step and saving
production costs.

“T think in 90% of our
cases people don’t really
understand their problem
and it just helps ‘them to
come and speak to us. Be-
cause we have such a wide
variety of experience we
can generally find another
approach and eliminate the
Problem by following an-
other route.””

This is just one way in
which the CERG provides
invaluable assistance and
advice to industry. The
Group’s overall objective
is to advance the technical
development and produc-
tivity of the chemical proc-
essing industry in South
Africa.

Naturally this objective
covers many areas of
problem solving for indus-
try such as in the fields of
Pollution control, catalysis
and reactor technology, as
well as in operations in-

78

problems,

Also, machinery is de-
veloped and automation
introduced by the design of
special-purpose automatic
or semi-automatic equip-
ment. This may involve
modifications to existing
plant and equipment or may
require the development
and construction of new
purpose-built machinery.

Extensive work on cut-
ting inserts has resulted in
the production of machin-
ing datacards which give
optimum cutting condi-,
tions for a specific mate-
rial, detailing cutting
speeds,.depth of cut, ma-
chining and manufacturing
problems.

volving the transfer of heat,
material and energy. Spé-
cial emphasis is placed on
the conservation of energy
and strategic resources.

The CERG’s research,
consulting and technical
information services cover
the broad field of chemical
Processing technology,
from pharmaceuticals and
speciality chemicals to pe-
troleum and coal process-
ing.

Furthermore, one of the
primary benefits the CERG
brings to industry is the
wide range of specialised
research and test equip-
ment it possesses — equip-
ment that most companies
or organisations could not
afford or justify. Much of
this equipment is available
to industry either through
contract research or on
Joan.

Facilities include:
© Semi-technical-scale
equipment for the com-
plete handling of liquids
and slurries in bulk. This
equipment can be operated
by the client to ensure the


ZAMBIA
|
|
|

Prime, Finance Ministers Comment on Customs Fraud
(Mbabane Domestic Service, 21 Feb 85) cscesesereeevceees

Briefs
Return of ANC Members Denied

Chinese Awarded Contract To Build Party Headquarters
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 9 Feb 85) vss.

Kaunda Explains Increased South Africa Trade
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 5 Feb 85) ...

Czechoslovakia Proposes Establishment of Barter Trade
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 Feb 85) seseesseeeeeers

Mines Make Structural, Staffing Changes
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 2 Feb 85) ...eee

Army To Rebuild Flood-Damaged Bridges
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 11 Feb 85) .sseeees

Soviets Donate Vaccines Against Childhood Diseases
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 8 Feb 85) seseeecceesereeceeverenves

Improved Police Conditions Recommended
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Feb 85) ceveceeccececesccereescecee

Smuggling Resurfaces in Northwest
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 2 Feb 85) cevccsececveceveccceresssess

Briefs
Parliament Discusses Increased Crime
Sweden Cancels Loans
Minister Placed on Leave

ZIMBABWE

Briefs
British Aid and Envoy

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

150

151
151
151

152



SOUTH AFRICA

WHITE AID IN BLACK EDUCATION URGED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 8
[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

cso:

AN impassioned plea
to Whites to back —
and help pay for —bet-
ter education for
Blacks was made in the
Transvaal Provincial
Council yesterday by a
Nationalist backbench-
er, Mrs M P Warffemi-
us.

Mrs Warffemius said
that if this meant that
Whites had to pay more

3400/660

for the education of their
own children, it was “well
and good.”

She launched a scathing
attack on the Progressive
Federal Party opposition
leader in the House, Mr
Douglas Gibson, for his
“cynical” and ‘distrust-
ing” criticisms of plans for
enforced payment for
White schooling.

Mrs Warffemius said
that former US President
Richard Nixon was a

good example of the old
definition of a “cynic” —
“a man who always fails
to see good qualities in
anybody, but never fails
to see a bad quality.”

She said South Africans
must face the fact that
nearly 80 percent of the
population by the year
2020 would be Black, and
Whites would total just
under 12 percent.

“How on earth can our
country support these

106

People unless they are
trained to help carry the
burden,” she said.

Money spent on Black
education was not wasted
— it was in fact the big-
gest investment Whites
could make towards the
future of the country.

“If the Blacks do not
work and are not quali-
fied to work, (in order) to
share the work load, who
will buy them food?” she
asked.

The unequal expendi-
ture at present was well
illustrated by the R813-
million being spent this
year on the education of
White children in the
province, compared with
the R700-m budget of the
Department of Education
and Training.

Black parents were ac-
customed to helping pay
for the education of their
children. It was only right
that Whites do the same.
South Africans must face
reality, she said.


produce coke in a 7 kg
oven or in two larger
300 kg and 400 kg capac-
ity experimental ovens. It
also commands a2 t/h ro-
tary hearth carboniser for
the production of char.
As briquetting is an-
other potential means of
utilising fine coal, the di-
vision has a pilot plant for
conducting briquetting
trials. In order to reduce
binder costs, the potential
of high pressure briquet-
ting is being investigated.
The Survey division
busies itself with the study
of the physical, chemical,
petrographical and mi-
neralogical properties of.
coal resources in support
of both prospectors and
other research projects.

Bulletin

It also regularly sam-,
ples colliery products and
the average analysed re-
sults are used for the pub-
lication of an annual
bulletin on the character-
istics of the coal produced
by South African colli-
eries.

The division is respon-
sible for the issuing of coal
export certificates and
checks that coal for ex-
port is not unduly liable
to spontaneous combus-
tion. For this purpose the
institute has four 15 t ca-
pacity test bunkers to as
sess the, liability of coal
towards spontaneous
combustion.

In addition to perform-
ing contractual analytical
services, the “division
tis frequently called upon
to act as referee in cases
of dispute.

The focus of the re-
search work undertaken
by the Chemistry division
falls into five basic areas:
beneficiation, coal con-

‘version, carbon products, _

structural studies and coal
mining safety research.
In the beneficiation
field, the division is as-
essing the potential of
fine coal berieficiation by
means of oil agglomera-
tion and the‘dry destoning
of coal using a pilot scale
oscillating aerated table.
Here the effect of param-
eters such as particle shape

————— EE _|”"” . §

and size range is being
evaluated.

‘The division is also in-
volved in other projects of,
importance to industry.
One aims at establishing
the potential of heat treat-
ment ‘for irhproving the
suitability of local pitches
for use at clectrode bind-
ers.

The Institute believes
that a knowledge of the
chemical structure of coal
is basic to the understand-
ing of coal conversion and
astudy is underway on the
organic structure of SA
coal and its constituents.
To aid this research the
analytical facilities are
being upgraded.

National Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences

Beer, banking, cement,
wire rope and core miter-
ing would not appear to
have much in common, but
to the National Research
Institute for Mathematical
Sciences (NRIMS) these
diverse activities represent
succesful co-operative
ventures with South Afri-
can industries.

From the devglopment
of new mathematical and
statistical theories and
computer software to the
solving of technical, phys-
ical, socio-economic and
ecological problems, the
NRIMS renders research
orientated services to Gov-
ernment departments, uni-
versities and other
organisations

Backed by the CSIR's
CDC Cyber 750 and Am-
dahl 470 V/7, the Institute
can use its teams of math-
ematical scientists to deal
with problems arising in
the manufacturing and
processing industries of the
Republic.

Interactive Decision Sup-
port Systems

It was its ability to de-
sign and develop compu-
terised decision support
systems that led to a con-
tract with SA Breweries to
undertake this type of work
for production planning
and profit forecasting.

By September 1983, the
project, which began in
February of that year, saw
SAB evaluating alternative
packaging plans with the
system. It was used exten-
sively during budgetary
planning for 1984/85, en-
abling planners to evaluate
a number of alternative
scenarios and devise alter-
native plans for the im-
proved used of production
facilities.

In its capacity as a con-
sultant, NRIMS has also
worked closely with a.na-
tional merchant bank on the
development of asset/lia-
bility models within the
various banks of the group.
The bank is now able to

76

carry out interactive stud-
ies to evajuate and quantify
various interest rate op-
tions and can also study the
effects of various portfolio
policies in its short-and
long-term vulnerability to
change of interest rates.

During 1983 the NRIMS
designed a random statis-
tical sampling experiment
to be performed by the
Portland Cement Institute.
This involved all major
producers in the country.

The experiment, which
took place over a six month
period, was designed to es-
timate the relative magni-
tudes of factors that
contribute to variations in
the strength of concrete.

These estimates have
now been encapsulated in
formulae which enable
contractors to compute
target mean strengths for
concrete designs, allowing
for variations from differ-
ent suppliers.


Significantly, said Mr De Beer, the seven companies were not associated with
the motor industry, and would thus broaden the industrial base of the city.

Mr Brian Matthew, executive director of the Midland Chamber of Industries,
today welcomed confirmation that new investments were planned in Port
Elizabeth.

"We also believe that since the Government has addressed the high cost of
railing products out of the area--by doubling the transport rebate from 20%
to 40%--it would be logical to apply the same solutions to the high costs
borne by the motor industry of shipping steel into Port Elizabeth," Mr
Matthew said.

The Government study on this issue, said Mr Matthew, followed representations
made by the MCI in April, 1983.

Mr De Beer said the results of the study had been submitted to the Decentral~
isation Board, which would now forward recommendations to the Cabinet.

CSO: 3400/680

102


CSIR RESEARCH CUTS SLATED

Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 16 Jan 85 p 1

[Text ]

THE private sector must
take a share of the
responsibility for budget
cuts, totalling some 15
percent, which are
threatening the future of
many research projects
planned or underway at
the CSIR, according to
Dr DF Toerien, chief
director of the National
Institute for Water
Research (NIWR).

In response to the cla-
mour for a reduction in
Government spending,
the President imposed
cuts averaging 7,5 per-
cent on the running costs
of most public institu-
tions about three months
ago.

Further cuts of eight
percent on staff expenses
across the board are
under consideration and
Dr Toerien has called on
the private sector to
demand that these be
imposed in a “‘responsi-

CSO: 3400/679

ble manner’’,

“*Cuts are necessary —
but it is ridiculous to
equate expenditure on
vital research with that
on, for example, subsi-
dies to university
choirs,” he told Mining
Week.

“Water supply is the
most limiting factor to
South African develop-
ment.

“If our present demo-
graphic trends are main-
tained, we will have
exceeded the carrying
capacity of this country’s
water resources before
the middle of the next
century.

“The damaging effects
of the current drought
should provide ample
evidence of the strategic
importance of water
research — yet in view of
the cuts 1 am finding it
hard to believe that
South Africa is taking the

87

situation seriously.

“In fact, since total
national expenditure on
water research is only
about R25 million, it
should be increased to
bring it in line with
expenditure on other
strategic activities,’ he ,
said. ;
Dr Toerien said the!
first round of cuts had
already affected the run-
ning of a number of his ,
institute’s pilot plants. |

For this reason, ,
although the second
round of cuts had not yet
been confirmed and it
was not certain whether
they would affect the
NIWR, he called on the
Government to apply
cost saving measures
rationally.

‘Each year, South
Africa’s population
increases significantly —
and, with it, so do both
the demand for water

SOUTH AFRICA

and the quantity of
sewage effluent for recy-
cling.””

Dr M § Hunt, chief
director of the National
Mechanical Engineering
Research Institute at the
CSIR, said he was less
anxious about the propo-
sed cuts, but agreed that
they could, if brought to
bear on his institute,
affect the future of a
number of planned pro-
Jects.

“It’s to be hoped that
the authorities will take
into account that the
CSIR already runs a tight
ship in terms of producti-
vity,”’ he said.

“Committees meet
regularly to monitor the
progress of projects
underway, and to discuss
the development of new
projects.

“So our very effi-
ciency makes us vulner-
able to such cuts.”



NAMIBIA

MORE TESTS NEEDED ON KUDU GAS FIELDS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jan 85 p 15

[Text/ Windhoek--Further tests on the Kudu gas fields in the Atlantic Ocean
of southern South West Africa would be carried out in due course to deter-
mine the extent of the find, the Administrator-General, Dr Willie van
Niekerk, said yesterday.

He was approached for comment on weekend reports that the South African
Government had given the go-ahead for the development of the gas strike
about 120 km into the sea off Oranjemund.

Dr Van Niekerk said further statements would be issued as soon as more data
became available and the financial implications for South West Africa had
been assessed with greater accuracy.

"At this stage, it appears that it will be an important source of revenue,"
he said.

The strike was made in 1974, but in view of uncertainty over the constitu-
tional future of SWA, no steps were taken for development by South Africa.

A single borehole on the southern edge of the gas field yielded such high
pressure that a recent business survey estimated the Kudu field was four
to six times larger than a similar gas find off Mossel Bay.

Although three more test holes had to be drilled in the sea, it was esti-
mated that the Kudu field could supply up to 65 percent of South Africa's
fuel needs.

Reports said initial indications were that the gas would be shipped to Cape
Town for liquefaction into fuel.

Meanwhile, a Swapo spokesman, Mr Anton Lubowski, said the Republic's apparent
change of mind about development of the SWA reserves "is a clear sign that
South Africa is not interested in independence for Namibia."--Sapa

cso: 3400/605

55



There are allegations of over-mining and corporate tax-ducking. The country
is increasingly in debt as it tries to digest unproductive goods and
services it often does not need.

The north is at war.

Namibians face the array of predations with a mixture of cynicism and
helplessness. The less than a million population in a country two=thirds
the size of South Africa are shell-shocked by war, political manoeuvre and
delay.

Meanwhile, a sacred trust entered into by South Africa when it assumed

the old League of Nations mandate after World War 1, with implied continua-
tion of stewardship when Pretoria in 1947 agreed to submit reports to the
successor body, the United Nations, is in question and in jeopardy.

Betting

To discharge the spirit of this trust and save the country from being run
down, South Africa must withdraw and the West must help to this end.

Sadly, the betting in informed circles at the moment is on another word-
filled attempt at an "internal" settlement, with or without some of Swapo.
The likelihood is that this will fail after more delays have been chalked
up and, in due course, ensuring that the country inherited by an indepen-
dence government under the only acceptable device, UN Resolution 435, will
be even more of a shell.

Let us look at but a few of the worrying factors which lead to the thesis

of this article. Though the full lunacy of Verwoerdian bantustans, "inde-
pendence" for tribal rural slums masquerading as states has not been visited
on SWA/Namibia, largely because of international complications, the country
is segregated at second tier of government into 10 different ethnic author-
ities (incidentally, surely exacerbating historic rivalries).

It all costs money. The IHT special report points out that in five years
state spending rose from 32,5 percent of gross domestic product to 62
percent--which makes the great march of the state sector in South Africa
look modest by comparison.

The IHT quotes a document drawn up in 1983 by the secretary of finance,
Mx Johan Jones, which was leaked to the press, describing the ethnic
authorities as "parasites feeding on the fruits of the land without any
control or supervision...which is leading to the rapid collapse in the
entire economy."

51



BURKINA

BURKINA COMMISSION ON TOURE'S ACCUSATION
AB281758 Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT 27 Feb 85

[Excerpts] Following Soumane Toure's allegation, at the seventh session of
the People's Revolutionary Tribunal {TPR] in Ouagadougou, that billions were
being embezzled under the National Council of the Revolution [CNR], a nation-
al investigation commission was set up on 26 January 1985, Yesterday, the
six-man commission published its findings at the former National Assembly
Building in the presence of delegates of the Revolutionary Defense Committees
[CDR] of the administration, the secondary schools, the university, and the
garrison of Ouagadougou. Here is the full report the findings of which are
read by Jean-Mathisa (Djiou), chairman of the investigation commission:

[Begin | (@jiou) recording] Declarations of the National Investigation Commis-
‘sion on the accusation leveled by Soumane Toure against the CNR at the seventh
“session of the Bobo Dioulasso TPR sitting in Ouagadougou from 3 to 10 January
1985, Following the general assembly held on 26 January 1985 by the CDR's

of the administrative services and traders, a national investigation commit-
tee was set up to examine the accusation which Soumane Toure leveled against
the CNR during the session of the TPR in Quagadougou, The National Investi~
gation Commission comprises CDR militants of Que, Bourtinge, and Kadiogo.

According to Soumane Toure, since its advent on 4 ‘August 1983, the CNR has
embezzled funds to the tune of billions from the National Social Security
Fund [CNSS]. Comrades,.what are the facts? At the request of the CNR, and
with: the’ clear understanding of the concept of embezzlement as defined in the
fundamental statutes of the fund, we will together. try to find out the politi-
‘eal aspects of Soumane Toure! 8 accusation.

Payments made by “the cnss at. the request of the CNR since the advent of the
Democratic and Popular Revolution {RDP]: by confidential letter No 84-' 0081/
CNR/PRES/CONF dated 28 February 1984, the President of the Faso, who pointed
out the vital nature of certain development projects, asked the CNSS to pro-
vide funds for these projects. The request was submitted to the CNSS manage-
ment board on which Soumane Toure sits as the representative of the workers.

The SIB [expansion unknown] projects which remain the permanent concern of

the CNR, require 3,287,666,892 CFA francs as follows: a subvention of 1
billion CFA francs for the Sourou SIB; 1 billion CFA worth of participation

13



MALAWL

BRIEFS

CHIRWA IN OIL TALKS--The Minister Without Portfolio and Administrative Secre-
tary of the Malawi Congress Party, Mr. Robson Chirwa, has held talks in
London with the co-ordinator for East Africa at British Petroleum (BP)

Africa, Mr. M. Jordan, on the possibility of transporting oil by road from
South Africa and storing it in Malawi. They also held talks on "a forthcom-
ing major development project in Malawi" in which BP is involved, according
to a London Press Service report released in Blantyre on Thursday. No further
details were given. [Excerpt] [Blantyre MALAWI NEWS in English 9-15 Feb 85
p lj

CSO: 3400/691

42


NAMIBIA

POSSIBILITY OF SADF ATTACK ON SWAPO HEADQUARTERS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 19 Jan 85 p 2

J&rticle by Noel Bruyns/

[Text Windhoek--The South African Defence Force has not excluded the
possibility of launching a cross-border attack on Swapo headquarters in

Angola.

This emerged during a briefing of journalists at the two-day military
exercise "Vuiswys" in Ovambo this week.

Colonel A.S. Kleynhans, Senior Staff Officer of the SWA Territory Force
Military Information Service said that despite South African-Angolan peace
negotiations, "We are still at war with Swapo."

"Swapo will not start the main thrust of its annual incursion before the
rains fall. But we've had intelligence from captured Swapo terrorists
that Swapo is in training and that there are indications of an incursion.
“We are expecting an infiltration to take place and it is not excluded
that we might decide to go for Swapo headquarters again. However, there
is no decision at the moment," he said.

Swapo abandoned its permanent bases in the south of Angola when South ‘African
forces crossed the border and set up headquarters in Cuvelai.

However, there were reports that Swapo was moving into "certain areas"
south of Cuvelai.

Col Kleynhans said the Joint Monitoring Commission (JMC) had had little
effect in curbing Swapo movement in Angola.

"Fapla has told us they cannot control Swapo," he said.

Defence Force figures showed Swapo's strength to be 8 000 men, of whom
65% were engaged in anti-Unita battles, he claimed.

46


|

© Development of im- technology. years to find .something,
Proved timber preserva- © Production of woodgas On the other hand, fun-
tives and preservation as a viable alternative to damental research can
techniques. liquid fuels. identify something that has
© Improvements in pulp Essentially, the NTRI been overlooked or can
: and paper technology and approach is a firm balance Produce a new idea at any
manufacturing efficiency; between fundamental re- moment. .
© Development of prod- search and applied re- “Ifyou combine the two
ucts from waste and bio- search, then you have the urgency
mass. As Dr Pizzistresses: “If that exists in industry with,
© New and improved ad- the two'are not combined, the scientific depth and
hesives. ¥ they are useless, Empirical Originality of ideas that you
© Development -of ad- research might take 50 must have in a research or-
vanced drying and saw- ganisation.””

milling techniques.
© Advanced charcoal

National Institute for Coal Research

South African coal differs A further. problem is R&D phase, to optimise equipment most suited to
significantly from that that large quantities of ex- the plant and operating produce the best yield of
found in the northern cess duff and réject coal parameters, as ‘well as a cleaned coal.
hemisphere. For example of high-ash content are demonstration _ phase. The advantages of this
it contains larger quan- being produced which are During the demonstration pilot plant to the coal in-
tities of finely dissemi- unsuitable for conven- ‘ phase the accent will be dustry are obvious, not
nated mineral matter. tional combustion in com- on reliability under con- least of which is the
These differences not only mercial boilers. tinvous operating condi- avoidance of expensive
complicate the beneficia- _ As a direct conse- tions. . trial-and-error ap-
tion of the local coal, but quence, the NICR is Although coal is most proaches to coal prepa-
can also cause particular working on popularising frequently associated with ration.
utilisation problems. the technology of atmos- combustion, this is not the . Supplementary work in
In such circumstances, _pheric pressure fluidised- only ‘research area in the field of coal benefi-
it is natural that there is bed combustion. A flui- which the Institute is ac- ciation includes the per-
an institute at the CSIR — dised-bed boiler has the tive, formance of acceptance
the National Institute for , advantage that it can burn. The Institute is divided trials on newly commis-}
Coal Research (NICR) — | high ash-content coal ef- into three complementary. sioned commercial plant
devoted to coal research ' ficiently, can control sul- - divisions — Engineering, and performance moni-
aimed at solving the prob- phur dioxide emission by Survey and Chemistry. toring of existing instal-
lems encountered by in- the addition of dolomite to The Engineering divi- Jations.
dustry, the bed, and, because it sion, the technological The division believes
One of the practical operates at relatively low arm of the institute, un- that while the production
problems associated with temperatures —_(900- dertakes contractual ad- of gas is an established
Coal is that its size range 970°C), it emits less ox- visory and consulting technology, its applica~
is deteriorating due to the ides of nitrogen than con- -work as well as research. tion to SA coals needs fur-
increasing mechanisation ventional boilers. The washability and ther research. To this end,
of mining techniques so . mineral matter liberation it operates a single stage
that more fine coal is being Potential characteristics of coal are producer: gas pilot plant
produced. regularly ‘determined by and is researching the ef-
‘The question then arises ta reeen Seonarate the division, either as a fect of coal feed size'on
— what can be done with nology to industry, a ma- contract service or as a the performance of the
the fine coal? One solu- jor engineering company preliminary step towards plant.
tion isto blend it with sized ‘was contracted to install « the beneficiation of bulk In the future, back-up
steam coal, but this can 12 000 kg steam/h plant samples’in the pilot plant work will also focus on
create combustion prob- as a national facility. The sited at Pretoria West. oxygen enrichment of the
Jems in some existing plant with an elaborate The 25 t/h pilot plant, steam/air blast to improve
boilers fitted with chain data processing system is having a variety of be- Bas quality.
grate stokers. These now in the commissioning neficiation untis, can The division is also
blems are being re- e. Process large, small and equipped to assess the
prol iS are ig Te- stage is i of coal
searched in a 3 200 kg- The envisaged five year fine coal and is used to okie Propensity of c
steam-per-hour test boiler, programme will cover an determine the type of in the laboratory and to

75



SWAZILAND

REASONS BEHIND CLOSER COLLABORATION WITH RSA ANALYZED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 23 Jan 85 p7

fArticle by Patrick Laurence/

[Text] An alliance between the Swazi ruling class and South African
capitalism is the key factor behind Swaziland's hostility to the African
National Congress and its "open collaboration" with Pretoria, according to
Mr John Daniel of the University of Swaziland.

The alliance, in turn, rests on the Tibiyo Taka Ngwane Fund, Swaziland's
powerful investment and development corporation, Mr Daniel contends.

Established by King Sobhuza on revenue derived from mineral rights paid to
the Swazi nation by foreign mining companies, Tibiyo has grown to become
the “wealthiest and most energetic locally-controlled force in the domestic
economy." :

Its equity in foreign companies operating in Swaziland, particularly in the
agro-industry, has swelled its coffers and brought it into a close alliance
with international capital, which in the Swazi context increasingly means
South African capital.

Tibiyo is controlled by dominant elements of the Swazi aristocracy, in
conjunction with a "few loyal commoner allies" and their financial well
being depends largely on the prosperity of foreign and South African
capital in Swaziland.

"Tt is this above all that explains the present hostility to the ANC and
the now open collaboration with South Africa," Mr Daniel says in an article
in South African Review."

In his view the overlapping commercial interests of the Swazi ruling class
and South Africa capital are more important in forging close ties between
Mbabane and Pretoria than either the "land deal" or the deeply conservative
nature of Swazi society and its concommitant fear of the radical forces
represented by the ANC.

137



the edge over oil-from-coal.
Besides Sasol, several other
ale cio ity of entering the oil-
e ent e oll-
from-coal ind yf.
Gencor admitted some years ago

‘it was looking into it but added: :

“This is a long-term ” lo
American Coal Proton argo

* coal) has also been involved in re- -

; search with Shell and AECI.

tions open in the US, where a
na coalfield is the base for contin-
ued research into creating
methanol, a liquid fuel base.
Officials of these companies were
not available yesterday but sources
say they are still some way from a
decision.
Any new synthetic fuel plant
‘would cost billions of rands and
take three or four years to reach the
production stage, and there is no
guarantee that the same economic

3400/680

rations have explored .

Anglovaal is still Keeping its op- :

130

conditions will exist then.

Sasol, too, is holding back from
further expansion, despite a R180m
streamlining programme that is ex-
pected to increase synthetic fuel:
production by 6% in the next two

years.

With a Ri5bn debt outstanding
for the purchase of Sasol Two from.
the Government, a senior spokes-
man y that there
were no plans at present to build a
fourth Sasol plant

Sasol, in fact, is one of the few

anisations benefiting from the
t round of fuel price increases.

Because its fuel luced lo-
cally, it is unaffected by the rand-°
dollar rate so, in theory, has no need
to raise its price.

However, under an agreement
with fuel importers, it is required to
raise its price to the same level as
competitors,



Mr Maoto says transport companies in Botswana have been refused permits by SA,
except occasionally where the railway no longer operates, such as from Zeerust
and Potgietersrus,

“Exporters based in Cape Town do not want to use the railway for half the
journey and then switch to trucks. This causes delays and increases the
risk of breakages,"

Agreement

Ronnie Meyer, deputy Director-General of SA's Department of Transport, re-
plies: "We are not discriminating against Botswana and other neighbouring
states, If they are unhappy, they should make approaches to the Road Trans-
portation Board and state their case. We have been trying to fermiate an
agreement with them for some time."

Mr Meyer says aggrieved hauliers may object to decisions on permits. Objec-
tions by Sats are not always upheld. ‘

SA road hauliers also claim harassment by Sats, saying the Railway Police are
instructed to check permits of northbound trucks in an attempt to curb pirate
operators. But legitimate operators are inconvenienced.

An estimated 20 trucks and their cargoes were seized near the Free State town
of Villiers recently and impounded by Sats.

Urgent

One international haulier told Business Times: "They are trying to ‘intimi-
date our suppliers so that the business will go to the railways. We are losing
exports,

"I had an urgent order for 6 000 tons of water pipes for Malawi and I was
refused a permit on the grounds that the railways should transport the goods.
But the delay in using rail was such that the supplier cancelled the order.

"The Minister of Transport is supposed to look after the interests of all
transporters, but he is only interested in the railways."

Johan Hugo, public relations officer with South African Transport Services,
denied the charges of harassment.

CSO: 3400/6612


was lodged with the Pretoria Supreme Court on Wednesday. It will be consid-
ered next week to give the workers time to prepare their defence. The workers
were part of a group of nearly 800 who were dismissed after failing to report
for work. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Feb 85 p 10]

UK MINERS--Stockholm.--Six hundred British miners, many of them made idle

by a long coal strike at home, have been recruited to work in South African
mines in the past six months, an official of the Black South African Miners'
Union said yesterday. Mr Cyril Ramaphosa, secretary-general of the National
Union of Mineworkers, told a news conference that British miners were being
hired to combat a shortage of skilled White miners in South Africa. They were
paid up to R3 000 a month, about eight times as much as Black miners, he said.
"We are concerned that members of the British National Union of Mineworkers,
a union we support, should come to South Africa and take jobs away from our
workers," Mr Ramaphosa said. His union had recently urged the British Trade
Union Congress to discourage British miners from signing up for jobs in South
Africa, Mr Ramaphosa and four other union officials are in Sweden for a 10-
day visit at the invitation of the Swedish Mineworkers’ Union. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Feb 85 p 2)

DU PLESSIS ON CUTS--House of Assembly.--The Government would eventually be
forced to cut some of its services entirely and find alternate financing for
others, the Minister of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, said yesterday. Reply~
ing to the debate on the Third Reading of the Mini-Budget, he said it was no
longer possible for the Government to limit expenditure cuts on sensitive
services such as hospitals and pensions, or on portfolios such as defence.
"Some services will have to be cut and some will even have to be dropped en-
tirely," Mr Du Plessis said. Intensive attention was being given to the pos-
sibility that the State would have to relieve itself of its responsibility
for some services, "If they are important enough, other financing than that
of the State will be found," Mr Du Plessis said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 22 Feb 85 p 4]

DU PLESSIS ON FARMERS' SUBSIDIES--House of Assembly.--Farmers could not be
subsidised at the expense of the city dweller, the Minister of Finance, Mr
Barend du Plessis, said yesterday. Replying to the debate on the Third Read-
ing of the Mini-Budget, he said the Government was intensively seeking the
right solution to the financial problems of the country's farmers. The rele-
vant ministers were in constant touch with agricultural unions but it had to
be realised that every rand paid in subsidies to farmers had to be obtained
in tax from someone else. ‘We can't use the taxpayer's money as a subsidy
for the farmer. There is also a limit to how much the city~dweller can be
taxes," Mr Du Plessis said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

22 Feb 85 p 4]

TRADE UNION LEADER HELD-~Police yesterday detained a trade unionist and said
he was the eighth person arrested this week who is to appear in a high treason
trial in March, The spokesman said police arrested Mr Thomazile Gqweta, who
is a leader of the South African Allied Workers' Union. Three other members
of the same union and four United Democratic Front leaders were arrested dur-
ing dawn raids earlier this week. The SAAWU members are Mr Isaac Ngcobo, Mr

132


NAMIBIA

CONTINUING 'PLUNDER' OF SWA/NAMIBIA TERMED 'SCANDAL'
Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 7 Jan 85 p 8
[Bcticle by A.H. Heard/

[Text] The neglect of SWA/Namibia by almost everyone who should be seized
of the subject is becoming a scandal of our times.

The result of the neglect is a mood of drift in the territory and open
season for all who would plunder its resources before independence. Because
the South African government bears and accepts responsibility for the
mandated territory, it must address the situation. The West should not
play Pontius Pilate, either.

Ironically, as long as things continue like this, South Africa bleeds away
its money, men and skills in one of the world's last formal colonies.

The scale of the problem grows in vast strides each year that internationally
recognized independence is denied SWA/Namibia. This was obvious to me on a
recent visit, one of many I have made to the territory dating to the first
really ominous international noises in the early 60s. It was obvious, too,
in a special four-page report on Namibia in the Paris-based International
Herald Tribune (IHT) on November 1, a report which has not enjoyed the
public attention it deserves.

Vulnerable

I possess a beer mug confidently minted by a liquor business in SWA/Namibia
proclaiming Namibian Independence 1978.. That illustrates the degree of
miscalculation and consequential neglect. Instead of beating war-racked
Rhodesia to independence, as seemed likely in the late 70s, SWA/Namibia

is bogged down in over-government, exhaustion of resources and general
muddle about where it is going.

Avast, beautiful yet vulnerable country is in danger of being ripped off.
Its mineral resources are under pressure. Wild life is being poached,
fenced and parched to depletion. The rich sea is being over-fished by
local and international interests. Valuable underground water is being
tapped for mining at a rate which some experts feel is excessive,

50


Development Plans for Kudu Gas Field Revealed
(Neil Hooper, Alan Soule; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Jan 85) ...... 56

Ranching ‘Faces Collapse'
(EVENING POST, 22 Jan 85) ssseccecccsccevceecccescenccees 59

Country's Black Education Way Behind Whites
(WEEKEND POST, 19 Jan 85) sececceccececcecececcecsuceuces 60

Briefs
Oshakati Bomb Blast 61

SENEGAL

Renewable Energy Research Center
(Amadou Dieng; TALKING DRUMS, 28 Jan 85) cs eeeeeeeeeeeees 62

Briefs
Nigerian Investments 65
Agreement To Debt Rescheduling 65
Territorial Waters Limit 66
French Assistance Program 66
Aircraft for Air Force 66
SOUTH AFRICA

Botha's Promises of Reform Analyzed
(Otto Krause; THE SUNDAY TIMES, 3 Feb 85) ..ccceceecevees 67

CSIR Research Organizations Detailed

(ENGINEERING WEEK, 31 Jan 85) .... 72
CSIR Research Cuts Slated
(MINING WEEK, 16 Jan 85) ....0.. sence eee eeneene 87

CSIR Economic Benefits, Services, Contacts Reported

(ENGINEERING WEEK, 31 Jan 85) .. ea eeeecees 88

CSIR President on Tech Challenge

(ENGINEERING WEEK, 31 Jan 85) ..cscccesececece 90
CSIR Body Sparks Ethylene Cost Row

(Alex Hogg; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Jan 85) ....ees 92
Economic Recovery Seen Within Reach

(Brian Kantor; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 27 Jan 85) ..cecsese 93

Chile Seen as Export Market
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 31 Jan 85) ..ccccsceecccessececeecsces 95


“SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA'S PROMISES OF REFORM ANALYZED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY TIMES in English 3 Feb 85 p 20

[Commentary by Otto Krause/

[Text] Like a farmer carefully culling his cattle, President Botha last
week diligently sorted through the National Government's stock of ideas,
notions and policies.

With a shrewdly practical eye, he threw out much scrub and dross.

Most importantly, he ignored the stud book and rejected those unserviceable
holy cows born out of ideology and arrogance.

The herd in the Nationalist kraal of ideas now looks stronger and healthier.
If ever such a drastic culling was necessary, it was now.

Since 1978, reform has been under way, and its first benefits are being
reaped.

But those measures have dealt only with the anomalous position of the
coloureds and Indians, largely of the National Party's own making.

In abeyance--at least in the public eye--was the far greater question of
a settlement between black and white South Africa.

And if any area of policy was cluttered with unworkable notions, it was
that.

P.W. Botha had the guts to sweep them out of the front door, in sight of all.
It does not take much reading between the lines of the State President's
opening speech to Parliament to see that dramatic house-cleaning for what

it is--especially if one has followed the internal debate in the Nation-
alist establishment these past few years.

67



The rejoicing of forces opposed to the true aims of the Revolution was, they
said, proof that this decision, instead of bringing about qualitative improve-
ment, is damaging to the basic organs of participatory democracy.

The statement warned of the consolidation of forces of reaction, and expressed
concern about a number of recent changes which, in their view, take decision-
making opportunities away from the people.

Economic measures were criticised as being too traditional and designed to
please the IMF and World Bank.

"We should rather be disturbed and cautious where imperialist economic
interests are happy with our economic measures," the statement said, adding
that too much of our foreign exchange is being committed to the servicing
of debts,

United Revolutionary Front Statement
London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 18, 4 Feb 85 pp 15-16

[Text] Today marks the third anniversary of the military coup of 31st
December 1981, a coup which inaugurated the bitterest and most intense
social struggles in Ghana's history.

It has been a period overy important changes. Above all, this period has
witnessed the most dramatic, the most amazing and indeed the most shameless
‘U-turn’ of any government not only in Ghana's history, but in all post~
independence African history. Never before has a government so totally
turned its back on its origins, initial objectives and social base. The
nearest contemporary parallel in this respect is the regime of General Doe
in Liberia.

Yet Rawlings’ sell-out remains unique, partly because of the sophistication
with which it has been carried; for, even today whilst the true character of
the regime has become crystal clear to all Ghanaian workers and to keen
observers of events in Ghana, it is still possible to find a number of
genuinely confused progressives alongside the left-wing opportunisits who
continue to proclaim the so-called progressive character of the regime in
Ghana.

Thus, while Rawlings, in his life and death battle against his real enemies,
the left-wing in the December 31st process, found it essential to present
himself and his faction to the workers and international progressive circles
as the truly revolutionary one, confronted by 'counter-revolutionaries'
hiding within the 'revolution' (the charges of ‘ultra-leftism,' ‘anarchism, '
‘moving faster than the process,’ etc, did not emerge until much later, when
it became clear that the masses had begun to discern the real truth, and
Rawlings' own pretentions to revolution were now very much openly in ques-
tion). But on the other hand, his petty-bourgeois rivals also seized upon
this attempt to project the image of the ‘true revolutionary' by Rawlings

22


SENEGAL

BRIEFS

NIGERIAN INVESTMENTS--The Minister of External Affairs, Dr Ibrahim Gambari
has said in Kano that Nigeria had invested 27m naira in Senegal's chemical
industry which he said represented the country's 10% share in the company.
Dr Gambari said the Federal Government was considering the possibility of
buying more phosphate and crude salt from Senegal to reduce the trade
imbalance between the two countries which he said was in favour of Nigeria.
He said that the move was also aimed at improving pilateral trade between
the two countries, adding that it would be cheaper to buy the commodities
from Senegal because of its proximity to Nigeria. On ECOWAS, Dr Gambari
said that member countries had resolved to give the organisation a new
lease of life by bringing in new hands to manage its affairs. He said
that the organisation had been "dormant" in the past year because some of
its members were not living up to expectation. He said: "We hope by the
time the new changes are made we shall be on the way to achieving our objec-
tives." /Text/ /London TALKING DRUMS in English 28 Jan 85 p 25/

AGREEMENT TO DEBT RESCHEDULING--The country's major creditor countries,
including France, have agreed on an important rescheduling of her external
debts spreading the repayment over nine years with a four-year grace
period. In a statement issued following a two-day meeting in the French
capital, Senegal's 11 principal creditor countries, meeting within the
Paris Club, expressed satisfaction with the confirmation given by the IMF
on 16th January to its agreement with the Senegalese Government's economic
and financial programme. It was in the presence of Senegalese Economy and
Finance Minister, Mamadou Toure, that the representatives of the Paris
Club member countries agreed on the princple of an important rearrangement
of Senegal's external debts... Faced with an economic and financial crisis
aggravated by the drought, Senegal presented in the middle of December 1984
its seven-year economic recovery programme, to the consultative group of
the donor countries... On that occasion, the principle of new aid to_
Senegal to the tune of 500m US dollars in 1985 was decided on. /Text/

/Zondon TALKING DRUMS in English 4 Feb 85 p 24]

65



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

RETURN OF ANC MEMBERS DENIED--The Prime Minister, Prince Bhekimpi, has
denied allegations by the African National Congress that Swaziland had
returned members of the organisation to South Africa. He said Swaziland
in her capacity as the signatory of international law govérning refugees
would not return members of the African National Congress to the country
of their birth as alleged by ANC officials in Lusaka, Zambia. Answering
questions posed by the House of Assembly yesterday Prince Bhekimpi stated
that all refugees in the kingdom were not allowed to use the country as
a springboard for launching attacks on the neighbouring states. He

said those refugees who break the law and go about wielding guns are
dealt with by the law. [Text] [Mbabane THE SWAZI NEWS in English

23 Feb 85 p 20]

cso: 3400/659

141



Jittery

"And it will greatly ease the financial burden South Africa is at present
bearing for the territory.

"Now we will have to see if anyone is interested in carrying out the
exploration. Previously they were all jittery, but now I don't think a
non-political company will be nervous about becoming involved in South
West African prospecting."

Dr van Zijl said that although further wells had to be sunk, he was very
optimistic.

"The field must be considerably larger than the one at Mossel Bay...at least
four or five times bigger and it will supply gas for two or three times
longer," he said.

The sinking of these wells would take several years.

He envisaged that the gas would be transported by ship to a conversion
plant, possibly in Cape Town, where a fuel-from-gas plant would manufacture

the fuel in a method similar to the Sasol fuel~from-coal process.

Dr van Zijl said that, contrary to his recommendations in 1979, Soekor
would now convert all the gas into fuel.

cso: 3400/594

58


At the end of the investigations by this National Investigating Commission
on the legal and accounting aspects, it clearly appears that first, as far
as embezzlement is concerned, there is none. The CNR operated within the
legal framework of the regulations governing the social security fund be-
cause the 2d paragraph of Article 33 of the Social Security Code stipulates
that the financial policy of the fund should, as far‘as possible, help in
creating employment for social progress and the economic development of the
nation. . ros ‘

Lastly, with the creation of the (ULVA), a bank whose activities are es-
sentially geared toward the development of the masses of the people, the
Council of Ministers issued a decree fixing the participation of the CNSS in
the bank at 160 inillion, a quarter of which has already been paid out by the
fund, that is 40 million CFA francs. .

To sum up, it will be said that at the time Soumane Toure made his statement
on the radio, and even right now, only 590 million francs have been paid by
the CNSS at the request of the CNR. [end recording].

CSO; 3419/293

15



IVORY COAST

BRIEFS

FRIENDSHIP, COOPERATION TREATY WITH EGYPT--The Egyptian Minister of State
for Foreign Affairs, Butrus Ghali has ended his visit to the country. The
visit ended with the signing of a friendship and cooperation treaty as
well as an agreement on cultural, scientific and technical cooperation.

Mr Butrus Ghali was received in Yamoussoukro by President Felix Houphouet-
Boigny, to whom he delivered a message from the Egyptian Head of State,
Husni Mubarak. Dr Ghali's visit would also take him to Mali and Senegal.
Ftext7 /‘ondon TALKING DRUMS in English 28 Jan 85 p 25/

CANADIAN GRANT--In the context of its assistance for development, Canada

is to grant the country a total package of 8bn CFA francs. A large part
of the money will be devoted to rural development projects. This is the
significant outcome of the second session of the Ivorian-Canadian joint
commission for bilateral cooperation held in Abidjan from 9th to 11th
January under the joint chairmanship of Simeon Ake, Minister of Foreign
Affairs, and his Canadian counterpart, Monique Vezina. The principal areas
of cooperation are agriculture, transport, health, education, mining,
women's conditions, industry and commerce...The two sides also assessed
the progress in the implementation of the projects underway and defined
guidelines for future projects. The Ivorian delegation also expressed the
hope that media exchanges would be increased and cooperation between the
Canadian and Ivorian television increased. In that connection, the Canadians
recalled the existence of a project in the field of communications for
Africa worth 10m US dollars which is designed for communications' experts
working in the field of training and development. /Text/ /London TALKING
DRUMS in English 28 Jan 85 p 25/

cso: 3400/599

32


ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

BRITISH AID AND ENVOY-~Zimbabwe and Britain today signed a $940,000 agreement
which will enable the government to buy 24 water pumps for rural road construc-
tion. The pumps, which will be assembled in the country, will be given to the
District Development Fund, DDF. The deputy minister of finance, economic
planning, and development, Comrade (Morton Malianga), who signed on behalf of
the government, said the 24 light construction units being used by the DDF have
proved to be inadequate because the fund is being faced with a formidable work
Program. He said the program has been disrupted by the recent rains, which
washed away many roads and bridges in the communal lands. The acting British
high commissioner, Mr (Roger Martins), said Zimbabwe's first peasant farming
community has become the success story of Africa, and Britain is delighted to

be associated with other sectors, like the improvement of roads, which contribute
to agricultural development. In the meantime, the new British high commissioner
to Zimbabwe, Mr Ramsey Melhuish, arrived in Harare on Wednesday to take up his
post following his appointment last month, [Text] [Harare Domestic Service

in English 1115 GMT 18 Feb 85 MB]

cso: 3400/623 END

152


Duplication

He was further quoted as saying that if politically-motivated spending
continued, by 1987 the territory's foreign debt would be equal to its total
cpp. As it was, expenditure was already moving beyond the means of central
government.

There is much comment in the territory about costly duplicated services
which the country cannot afford. Administrative offices, clinics, schools,
services of all types, are duplicated on an ethnic basis. If geography
and not ethnicity were the guide, there would be sensible rationalization.
Some is taking place, e.g. in some hospital services, but not enough.

Roads are being built, often for strategic and other non-economic reasons,
at a grand pace. The Jones document, according to the THT, not. only said
the country was oversupplied with roads, but with electricity and hospi-
tals. :

Wild life is being severely depleted. My impression is that people. can too
easily get permission to kill at will. Arrangements covering what. can and
what cannot be killed, and in precisely what circumstances, are complicated
enough to facilitate trigger-pulling. :

Poachers

Fortunately the force of tenacious publicy by environmental writers..and
the efforts of private and official anti-poaching operations in places
such as Damaraland and Kaokoland have checked the worst and influential
quarters in the SADF appear to have realized the need to take a strong
line on poaching.

A mere few years ago it was virtually open season for poachers. There
are still worrying poaching reports from places such as Western Etosha,
where an indeterminate number of rhino have been poached--all in the
honourable interests of big-syndicate lucre and Eastern sex drives
(powdered rhino horn, in fact, has highly dubious aphrodisiac qualities).

Much damage has been done. Desert elephants (found nowhere else in the
world except Mali/Mauritania) which numbered thousands just decades

ago are down to 72 with desert rhino down to half that number, It is
arguable whether they can be protected sufficiently for long-term survival.

Massed Tourists
Fish resources are fading under pressure of commercial and private effort.
Tt is not unusual to see Russian or other predatory trawlers through

binoculars from the Skeleton Coast. In view of the international uncer-
tainty, who can effectively stop ‘them?

52



DJIBOUTI

BRIEFS
ASSAULT RIFLES FROM AUSTRIA--The national security forces recently
received 100 AUG 5.56mm assault rifles and 100 sharpshooter rifles both

made by Steyr Daimler Puch (Austria). /Text/ /Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE
in English Jan 85 p 17/

csO: 3400/600

18


SWAZILAND

HEALTH MINISTER CITES STUDENTS' STRIKE, U.S. AID
MB220700 Mbabane Television Service in Siswati 1815 GMT 21 Feb 85

[Text] The minister of health, Prince Phiwokwakhe, yesterday told the students
at the Institute of Health Sciences that it is rather sad when the government
struggles so hard to obtain funds for their education and books, and students
reward it with strikes. The minister was speaking during the presentation cere-
mony of books and audio visual equipment donated by the Government of the
United States. This is what the minister said:

[Begin recording] ‘This donation is from the United States. The purpose of this
gift is to educate our children in this country on health matters. Therefore,
these items are not here for relegation to the shelves.. They are meant to be
used by the students to impart knowledge that will produce a healthy Swazi nation.
Unfortunately, during a presentation of this nature, only the teachers are
represented. It would be preferable that the students be represented as well so
that we can advise them. We could then make it known to them that these donations
are for their education and should be utilized fully, and that time should not be
lost in strike action.

It is sad that the government has to work so hard to get aid for their education
and then have them go on unnecessary strikes, It is unfortunate that. they allow
themselves to be swayed by the opinions of others, as this disrupts their educa-
tion. The donors get discouraged when they hear that a school has been closed
down. The education they get is not [words indistinct] but for. the following
generations as well. The education they get is for the benefit of the entire
nation. Therefore, it is important to go out of its way to get all these
donations. Students must refrain from taking unnecessary strike action.

I would like to commend the students of this institute for not joining the recent
strikes, despite the fact that other institutions were on strike. Your coopera-
tion was greatly appreciated. It was unfortunate that the newspapers reported
that you had joined the strike, when you had not done so. I was really happy.
What I am saying is use this equipment. Do not indulge in petty theft, or claim
ownership of it. No, just use it and leave it so that the next person that comes
along tomorrow can also use it. [end recording]

cso: 3498/4

139



by ATC is being: ficld
tested by the Post Office.
Saidcor has also started
approaching foreign com-
panies with a view to
granting licences for the
implementation of this
technology abroad.

© The recycling of old

asphalt road material is |

being developed by the
National Institute for
Transport and Road Re-
search (NITTR). In the
course of this work the

NITTR has designed and *

built a novel 1 t/h pilot
plant which is said to offer
a number of advantages
over existing technology.

Asa first step in the de-

velopment programme a
20 t/h plant has been de-
signed and built by Con-
aph Equipment Services
which has a licence agree-
ment with Saidcor to
manufacture and sell plant
incorporating the pat-
ented design principles,

@ Other projects are the
selective cultivation of al-

gae to reduce the phos-
phate and nitrate content
of effluent; an interlock-
ing composite cardboard
fruit box; a revolutionary
disc-rotor motor which
can theoretically offer a
30% performance in-
crease over standard disc
motors; and’ the Scheffel

highspeed bogies.

National Institute for Water Research

The common or garden
guppy (Poecilia reticu-
lata), has become the un-
sung “hero” of
environmentalists in much
the same way that canaries
were the unfortunate fall
guys in past years in coal
mines.

Unlike canaries how-
ever, the guppies are care-
fully monitored and
removed from dangerous
pollutants before any se-
tious damage is done.

Use of biological mon-

‘toring of industrial pol-

lution in rivers is just one
of the many activities of
the National Institute for
Water Research (NIWR).

Biological systems em-. *

ploying fish, monitor the
physiological and behav-
ioural responses of the liv-
ing creature by using an

ultrasonic technique de- :

veloped by Dr WSG

Morgan of the NIWR, and ,

PC Kuhn of the National
Electrical Engineering Re-
search Institute and is
presently employed to
monitor and control the ef-
fluent discharge of SAPPI
Kraft Ltd’s Tugela Mill.
Another major user of
NIWR services was Mooi
River Textiles. In the ef-
forts to curtail pollution of
the surrounding rivers, in-
vestigations led to propos-
als for an extended aeration
activated sludge system
followed by a series of
ponds to treat a combina-

tion of municipal sewage
and textile mill effluent.
This system has proved
highly successful.

‘The NIWR is concerned

with the development of °

technology aimed at max-

imum utilisation of this vi- _

tal resource. Its remit

includes water pollution |

research and its services to
industry advice on water
housekeeping, reduced
consumption and effluent
treatment. It often acts as
an intermediary between

industry and the authori- °

ties.

The Institute undertakes
environmental impact
studies to predict long-term
effects of certain pollu-
tants, develops technology
for water reclamation and
studies the disposal and
possible re-use of sludges
and solid wastes.

Its expertise ranges from
chemistry, microbiology
and limnology (physics,
chemistry and biology of
freshwaters) to chemical
and sanitary engineering.
It encompasses ongoing
practical research work in
many spheres.

Turning to continuing
drought conditions, salts

and concentrations of other _,
pollutants are posing se- *

rious threats to both in-
dustry and the farming
sector. Industrial cascade
systems have been actively
promoted and perfected in
some industries to use in-

85

creasingly polluted or dirty
water for less critical pur-
poses down: the process
stream, but ultimately the
water must be recycled
where possible. This en-
tails the use of many tech-
niques which are still far
from perfected or other-
wise expensive at this stage
of development.

Electrodialysis systems
that separate ions in solu-
tion by selective diffusion
through semi-permeable
membranes under an elec-
tromotive force is one very
promising line of research
and has proved a practical
answer in many applica-
tions.

Absorption of pollutants
in water by activated car-
bon is another area where
facilities are available for
research and continued
studies are taking place in
ion’ exchange, sludge de-
waterability testing and
bio-monitoring.



ROAD LINK WITH TANZANIA INCREASES TRANSPORTATION POTENTIAL

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 15 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by Duncain Chawinga]

[Text]

MALAWIAN transport-
ers have stepped up their
interest in road haulage
following the opening of
the Malawi-Tanzania
route across the Songwe
River in the Northern Re-

gion.

Addressing transport-
ers in Limbe this week,
the district chairman of
the Blantyre African Busi-
nessmen Association of
Malawi (ABA), Mr. W.
John Chikonde, praised
those whose trucks were

the first to ply on that

route by freighting cargo
to and from Mbeya in
Tanzania.

Mr. Chikonde further
appealed to transporters,
especially those owning
articulated vehicles of
over 25 tonnes, to make

cs0: 3400/690

full use of the northern
route and other routes
into neighbouring coun-
tries.

During the meeting the
administative manager of
ABA, Mr. Greenwell
Mponela, revealed ° that
the association had found
that there were many con-
tainers and other goods
awaiting conveyance from
Dar-es-Salaam and
Mbeya into Malawi
well as from Mala
Tanzania.

He also said good fa-
cilities along the route
were already being ar-
ranged for the transport-

ers.
Mr. Mponela also con-

firmed the report that -

those who had already
been throt the route
described the road con-
ditions as “very good”,
thereby dispelling fears
held by others that it be-
ing the rainy season, the
roads would be bad.

He remarked: “Our

* Tanzanian counterparts

using heavy duty trucks

have plied right down to

Dwangwa, thus proving

how road-worthy the con-
ditions were.”

A circular letter was is-
sued lately from ABA
Head Office in Limbe, in
which Malawian trans-
porterswere urged to work

39

MALAWI

hard in transportation
so as to fill the gap left
open by Asians who finaly
phased out of local trans-
portation on December
31, 1984.

The administrative
manager however warned
them to expect criticism,
especially because Mal-
awian participation in the
scheme was still in its in-
fancy.

“Tf all of us, however,
work unitedly under ABA,
everything should come
out satisfactorily in the
end,” he assured them.

ABA, among other
things, arranges road per-
mits and other docu-
mentation, as well as ve-
hicle services for their
transporters.


Institute’s recently devel-
oped novel patented proc-
ess for the continuous
shrink-resist treatment of
wool tops.

The process is simpler
and cheaper than other
shrink-resist processes and
also has several technic&l
advantages. It was subse-
quently licensed to the firm
in question and later to an-
other.

Other examples include
developments such as the
SAWTRI Y! im friction
tester, whic is widely used
for quality control pur-
poses in the’ industry (an
improved model of this in-

strument is now available)
and the SAWTRI SLD
monitor for on-line moni-
toring of changes in silver
linear density (licensed to
an overseas manufac-
turer).

Calibration of textile in-
struments.

An important service
offered by SAWTRI is the
calibration of various spe-
cific textile instruments.
These include airflow in-
struments for the measure-
ment of fibre diameter and
the SAWTRI Yarn Fric-
tion Tester. The Institute
does not, however issue

SAWIRI Research Projects

The South African Wool
and Textile Research In-

stitute (SAWTRI) offers a -

comprehensive range of
specialised services to
fibre producers and the
clothing and textile in-
dustries.

Research is carried out
on wool, karakul, mohair
and cotton. Studies cover
the individual fibre types
on their own as well as in
blends of these. Blends of
the natural fibres with
synthetic fibres are also
studied.

The Institute is believed
to be unique
world of textile research
to the extent that it has an
on-going research pro-
gramme involving all
these fibres.

SAWTRI is a self-con-
tained experimental tex-
tile factory equipped with
full-scale machines cable
of processing almost any
staple fibre from the raw
state to the finished gar-
ment. The factory oper-
ates in conjunction with
well equipped chemical,
physical and testing lab-
oratories.

in the -

The services which are
offered by SAWTRI fall
broadly into:
© Contract research.

@ Joint trials with indus-

try.

@ Trouble-shooting.

© Specialised testing.
@ Instrument innova-
tion.

@ Information.
‘Contract research is un-
dertaken in the areas of
raw fibre scouring and
carbonising; shrink
proofing; woolen proc-

essing; long staple proc- -

essing on the worsted
system; short staple proc-
essing on the cotton sys-
tem; textile physics;
textile chemistry; dyeing
and finishing; knitting;
weaving; clothing tech-
nology and instrument in-
novation.

The Institute under-
takes joint trials with in-
dustry from time to time,

particularly trials involv-

ing new technologies, or
machinery acquired by
SAWTRI, which the in-
dustry has not yet had the
chance to evaluate for it-
self.

80

any certificates.

The Institute can assist
industry in checking the
accuracy of various textile
instruments by using cali-
bration samples in its pos-
session. Examples of such
instruments include those
used for testing the fine-
ness, maturity, length and
strength of cotton fibres as
well as those for measur-
ing the fineness of woo! and
mohair.

Training

Certain facilities are
made available from time
to time to enable machine
manufacturers to conduct

It also has expertise in
many fields of textiles to
assist industry with trou-
ble-shooting and problem
solving, and handles a
Jarge number of enquiries

from industry every year. :
Facilities also exist for a '

wide range of specialised

fibre, yarn and fabric .

tests, chemical tests, and

tests involving processing *

performance,

Testing services in-
clude fibre tests for fine-
ness, length, strength,
compressibility and com-
position; raw wool and
mohair tests for clean
yield, grease content,
vegetable matter, crimp,
suint content; and cotton
tests for micronaire, ma-
turity, trash content.
SAWTRI has a small but
well-equipped and highly
skilled department deal-
ing with the development
of textile instruments, as
well as improvements to
existing ones.

It recently developed a
machine for routine au-
tomatic testing of the
length and strength of raw
wool. This instrument is

short training courses,
mainly at operator level.
Arrangements are also
made upon request to in-
troduce industry to new
technologies by arranging
demonstrations periodi-
cally.

-SAWTRI also provides

* facilities for the promotion

of post-graduate studies.
Allenquiries regarding the
above services should be
addressed to: The Chief
Director, South African
Wool and Textile Re-
search Institute. PO Box
1124, Port Elizabeth 6000;
Phone (041) 53-2131 ext
111; telex 24-3203. Tele-
grams: SAWTRI.

software controlled and
provides a  print-out
showing the cross-sec-
tional profile of the staple
as well as information on
the staple length and
strength characteristics.
Such information could
sitpplement the Objective
Measurement Pro-
gramme to characterise
raw wool lots more com-
plete before sale.

Services in the informa-
tion category include’ in-
formation retrieval, inter-
library loans, photoco-
pying, microfiche read-

ing, books and
periodicals.
Regular SAWTRI pub-

lications available to in-
terested parties are:
SAWTRI Bulletin, SAW-
TRI Digest, technical re-
ports and special reports.
A shrink-resist process for
wool tops which is consid-
erably cheaper and easier
to implement than tradi-
tional processes, is arous-
ing keen interest in world
textile circles.

Patented in April last
year, the shrink-resist


Go-ahead

A former top executive at Soekor said this week: "The find would have been
avery attractive proposition if the politics in South West Africa had not
been so uncertain at the time."

The discovery was kept under wraps while the wrangle over SWA's future
continued.

This was confirmed yesterday by Dr van Zijl, who said that the Government,
through the offices of the State President, the Minister of Mineral Affairs,
and the Minister of Foreign Affairs, had only recently changed its attitude
and given the go-ahead for development.

This was confirmed by a spokesman for the Department of Foreign Affairs.

He stressed, however, that there was "no question of these reserves being
exploited now for the benefit of South Africa."

"The Government has agreed that feasibility tests be carried out for the
benefit of the people of a future independent Namibia."

Dr van Zijl said Soekor holds the concession rights and that the gas would
be converted to fuel in South Africa with the proceeds going to SWA/Namibia.

This would provide an invaluable source of income to the territory.

Dr van Zijl said Soekor would not undertake further exploration of the
field--which requires the sinking of another three wells to determine the
exact size of reserves--but hoped that an overseas company would do so.

The Sunday Times approached Dr van Zijl after obtaining a copy of a report
on the Kudu field he drew up in November 1979.

In the report Dr van Zijl said that if the field proved to be as large as
preliminary findings suggested, it would have reserves of at least two-
trillion cubic feet of gas and that this could be used to fire a power
station on the coast and for conversion to fuel.

Yesterday Dr van Zijl said the 1979 report had not been implemented because
"everyone was put off by the political situation in South West Africa."

This had now changed.
"Now it appears that the political situation is not of such importance.

We will have to accept that whatever government comes into power in the
territory, it will welcome the income from the gas.

57



proces was developed by
the SA Wool and Textile
Rescarch Institute in as-
sociation with a a leading
South African textile man-
ufacturer. It was subse-
quently licensed to the
company and later lic-
enced by the SA Industrial

» Development Corpora-

tion, which holds the pat-
ent, to a second local
manufacturer,

A further licence has
now been granted by
SAIDCOR to a textile
manufacturer in Europe
where patents are pending.

Incollaboration with the
International Wool Secre-

Spectrometric Oil Analysis Programme

tariat, SATDCOR is ne-
gotiating with textile
manufacturers in other
“parts of the world with a
view to introducing the
technology on a much
“wider scale,
"A testing instrument to de-
* termine differing lengths
and fibre strengths by
computer analysis has been
developed by the SA Wool
and Textile Research In-
stitute at its Port Elizabeth
laboratories.

Following upon an ini-
tial evaluation by the South
African Wool Board, the
test instrument has under-

Wear and tear in engines, gear-boxes and other
mechanical parts can be costly and often dan-

gerous. The CSIR has done a good deal of |

research, working closely with industry, to find
the answer in SOAP, an acronym for Spec-
trometric Oil Analysis Programme.

The story of SOAP began in 1957 when SA
Transport Services (then SAR) introduced its
new diesel locomotive service and was looking
for ways to detect wear, reduce breakdowns
and oil consumption, and generally to improve
maintenance procedures.

The CSIR developed methods whereby a
sample of oil, which contained minute particles
of wear metals, or even foreign matter such
as water and dust, is subjected to an electrical
spark.

The radiation emerging from this spark is
analysed by means of an optical spectrometer
and the presence of various metals detected
and their quantities measured with a high de-
gree of precision and sensitivity.

By regularly measuring the oil from various

With the incredible devel-
opments that have taken
place over the last two cen-
turies, it seems strange to
| think that the construction
of roads has hardly
changed. The ‘‘founda-
tions’? laid by Thomas

81

gone several refinements
to its software control and
its memory capacity has

becn enlarged signifi- .

cantly, enabling it to han-
dle more sophisticated and
complex data analysis.

A number of experi-
ments have been carried
‘out on wool staples of dif-
fering lengths and
strenghts. It has been
shown that in respect of
length, there is excellent
“correlation (97% fit) be-
tween the instrument-
measured values and those
obtained by the traditional
hand method.

Furthermore, the staple

profile, as recorded by the
instrument, provides @
good ‘guide ww where the
weakest or thinnest place
in the staple occurs and
particularly (when there is
a weak place or tender-
ness), where the staple can
be expected to break under
stress.

Information regarding
the design and operation of
the instrument, together
with some experimental
results, are scheduled for
release at the next meeting
of the International Wool
& Textiles Organisation
(IQTO) in Paris this year.

components, the wear rate and pattern may be
determined.

Unusual wear, which usually leads to fail-
ure, is quickly picked up and preventative steps
can be taken.

‘The technique was improved with time and
modern equipment, and applied to the SAA
fleet and later in the SAAF, where it has paid
for itself over and over again.

The CSIR was instrumental in using the
method for road vehicles and it is here that
some of the major benefits to industry have
come to light. Commercial operators of vehicle
fleets can plan their whole maintenance pro-
gramme on oil analysis.

Breakdowns have been cut to a minimum
and with several companies, eliminated, run-
ning costs reduced, driver abuse of vehicles
monitored, and much longer lifetimes of oil
usage achieved. Several commercial firms are
now offering an oil analysis service.

National Institute for Transport and Road Research

Telford and John Mc-
Adam provided a solution
that has stood the test of
time.

Their method of laying
a base foundation of large
rock, an overlay of smaller
stones and then a surface



SOUTH AFRICA

WHITES' BIRTH RATE SHOWS NEW DECLINE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Feb 85 p 9

[Flext] South Africa's declining White birth rate now means that Whites
are outnumbered more than six to one by the other three race groups.

Estimates prepared by the Bureau of Market Research of the University of
South Africa, released in Pretoria yesterday, put the country's total
population--including the four independent Black states-~at 31, 3-million.

The White population is growing at only 1,5 percent a year, and of this,
nearly half is due to immigration.

The figures underline the concern of the authorities over the country's
declining White birth rate.

The figures show that of the total population for the country, 72,8
percent is Black, 15,4 percent is White, 9 percent Coloured and 2,8 percent
Asian.

The population of South Africa itself--excluding the Transkei, Ciskei,
Bophuthatswana and Venda~--is set at 26,2-million, with Blacks making up
67,7 percent, Whites 18,4, Coloureds 10,6 and Asians 3,3 percent.

More than half--53,6 percent--Whites live in the Transvaal. Some 84 per-
cent of all Coloureds live in the Cape, and 52.6 percent of all Blacks in
the Republic were living in the four national states.

The total population of all five states rose by 2,5 percent a year between
1980 and 1983. Relocation and boundary changes were mainly responsible
for the highest population growth rates, which occurred in Qwa-Qwa, 24,6
percent a year, and KwaNdebele, 12,9 percent a year.

The biggest concentration of Whites are in the Johannesburg-Randburg area.
The region has 1,9-million people, 31,3 percent of whom are Whites and
59,2 percent Blacks.

The most populous territory is Kwa Zulu, with a total population of 3,8-
million, 90,6 percent of which is Black.
cso: 3400/605 J

116


SOUTH AFRICA

MIXED REACTION TO TRANSPORT SERVICES HIKES
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 Feb 85 pp 1, 2
{Article by Julia Beffon and SAPA]

[Text] There has been mixed reaction to the South African Transport Services
Budget announced by the Minister of Transport, Mr Hendrik Schoeman, from trade
and commerce organisations.

Most organisations expressed relief that the tariff increases had been kept
overall to a rate below the inflation rate.

However, the Trade Union Council of South Africa (Tusca) said the increase in
freight rates for a wide range of food items would push those consumers who
were still managing to subsist in the present economic trouble near to, or
into, financial disaster.

The president of the Association of Chambers of Commerce (Assocom), Mr Michael
Weir said in a Press statement yesterday.

"The Minister is to be commended for presenting a fair budget with average
tariff increases announced considerably below the inflation rate--except of
course for the previously announced passenger fare increases."

“Asocom would nonetheless have preferred to see a single budget reflecting
all the tariff decisions, rather than a series of ad hoc adjustments," he said.

Asocom considered that two areas needed ongoing attention.

These were the losses on passenger services and the need for central revenue
to compensate for socio-economic services and the unacceptably high harbour
charges, particularly ad valore used for cross-subsidisation purposes.

"South African ports are already among the most expensive in the world," Mr
Weir said.

The president of the Afrikaner Handelsinstituut (AHI), Mr Leon Bartel, said
the AHI was pleased the increases were not as high as the passenger fare in-
creases because of the "pressure the business sector is already experiencing
in its struggle for survival".

119



CHANA

LEGAL PRACTITIONER CRITICIZES BAR ASSOCIATION
AB272004 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 27 Feb 85

[Text] A legal practitioner in Sekondi, Mr James Mensah, has said the un-
realistic stand and the intransigence of the Ghana Bar Association has made
it to lose credibility in the eyes of its members and the public. This is
contained in a reply to a letter from the association inviting him to appear
before a disciplinary committee to explain why he should not be suspended
from the association for violating a resolution forbidding its members in
private practice from defending accused persons before the public tribunals.
Mr Mensah said the association has been talking about legal aid for many
years now but has failed to come up with any proposals. He wondered how
the association can honestly and genuinely talk about legal aid and at the
same time maintain a ban on appearance at the tribunals.

Mr Mensah argued that the constitution of the association does not state
that violation of the association's resolution is an offense, neither does
it give power of suspension. He said that if the association can pass a
resolution to forbid its members to comply with a law of the land because it
disagrees with the government, then its members have an equal right to re-
fuse to comply with the association's resolution on tribunals if they dis-
agree with it.

cso: 3400/669

26


ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

PARLIAMENT DISCUSSES INCREASED CRIME--The state must tighten security to pre-
vent criminals from harassing and molesting people, Speaker of the National
Assembly Dr Robinson Nabulyato said yesterday. Expressing concern about the
rising crime wave, the Speaker said every citizen had the right, as a tax-
payer, to urge the State to take measures to protect people against criminals.
He was ruling on a point of order by Msanzala MP Mr Clemens Mwanza who ex-
pressed grave concern about the numerous cases of armed banditry. The MP
was prompted to raise the point of order following an incident in which Ndola
MP Mrs Esther Chande was robbed of her vehicle by armed bandits at gunpoint.
Mr Mwanza complained that the security situation in the country was fast
deteriorating although the leadership portrayed Zambia as a peaceful nation
and safe for foreign investment. The Speaker told the House that the most
any individual could do was to urge the State to tighten security. He ad-
vised MPs to come up with either questions or motions on the matter to find
out what government was doing to protect the people against criminals because
the issue could not be effectively dealt with by raising points of order.
[Excerpt] [Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 8 Feb 85 p 1)

SWEDEN CANCELS LOANS--Stodkholm, Wednesday. Sweden today announced the scrap-
ping of K12 million worth of loans to Zambia. The announcement was made by
Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme at a press conference held here by President
Kaunda at his office. Details of the deal were not immediately available as
Mr Palme did not go into details in his announcement, But President Kaunda
told the Press conference that the announcement was welcome news which came

as a surprise as he had heard of it only this morning. In addition to granting
of loans Sweden gives Zambia K64 million aid annually for agriculture, health,
education and manpower training. President Kaunda said his two-day state visit
to Sweden had resulted in the strengthening of bilateral relations between the
two countries. [Excerpt] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 14 Feb 85 p 1]

MINISTER PLACED ON LEAVE--President Kaunda yesterday named Health Minister Mr
Mark Tambatamba as the minister reported to have been swindled out of

K60,000 by conmen who allegedly sold him fake diamonds in Lusaka last month.
The President told a packed State House Press conference that he had sent

Mr Tambatamba on indefinite leave to enable security forces to probe the
matter thoroughly. He told the Press conference attended by Party Secretary-
General Mulemba, Prime Minister Mundia, Secretary of State for Defence and
Security Zulu and many top Party and Government leaders that when the matter
came to Tight in the Times of Zambia, the minister told him that he wished

© go on leave pending police investigations. Excerpt

ZAMBIA in English 9 Feb 85 p 1] 8 { spe] (Iusaka TIMES OF

151
cso: 3400/673



From the detail and facts and figures that Gaines has included in his
report, it seems certain that he was allowed access to large amounts of
confidential intelligence that the SADF has collected in Namibia and Angola.

And in a full-page editorial headlined "Ostracism or Ostrich-ism," the
journal concludes that South Africa, far from becoming subservient by the
enforcement of the United Nations arms embargo, has vitalised its indus-
tries and stiffened its defence.

It argues that "trade sanctions and arms embargoes simply do not work."

"On the other hand, the cost to the Western world of its severed connec-
tions with South Africa has been considerable," and the West had lost the
use of its main southern regions base by the scrapping of the Simonstown
agreement in 1976.

Gaines, in his article, stresses the importance of South Africa in protec
ting the West's oil and food routes.

"In the event of war, with the Mediterranean blocked at Gibralter or
Suez (or both), the West's supply routes will not only be the traditional
North Atlantic, but also the South Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

"Oil from the Middle East will have to pass that way as it does now and,
without a strong defence force, a handful of Soviet submarines would be
able to cut that line unchallenged.

"The SAAF's Shackletons have already been retired, leaving no long-range
capability off the Cape of Good Hope and easing the undetected passage of
Soviet submarines between the two oceans.”

It argues that the strategic importance of a Western-aligned South Africa
"cannot be overstated" and adds that "Soviet influence has been steadily
creeping down through the African continent in the last decade..."

"Stability in the region also depends on South Africa being equipped to
form an integral arm of the West's maritime protection forces."

Antipathy

South Africa was prepared to join a Western alliance and would “willingly
participate in Western military activity if it were allowed to do so,"
the editorial argues.

The West's "antipathy" towards its internal policies could be said to be
justifiable if it were "doing the black people of South Africa the slightest
amount of good.

"The contrary is the case. An isolated South Africa is free to pursue its
own policies, whereas the West might find that it could influence South
Africa more by talking to and dealing with it."


every person who came from Old Crossroads to KTC. The committee objected and
Mr Memani appointed two men to collect the money. Mr Kotyi said about 50
armed people attacked his and other houses on September 4 last year, damaging
shacks and possessions. On November 2 a! group of about 200 attacked his and
other homes. He laid a charge at the Guguletu police station and returned
with the police to release people being "detained" at Mr Memani's house.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Feb 85 p 10)

PRETORIA PRAISED FOR CIVIL DEFENCE-~Pretoria's civil defence organisation has
been adjudged the best in the country--and it has become the first city to
gain an A grading for civil defense planning. The Chief Officer, Civil De-
fence of Pretoria, Mr Mynhardt Beukes, said yesterday it was the second time
within months that the city's civil defence organisation had distinguished
itself. The unit was recently named civil defence organisation of the year
after Pretoria had taken part in a competition organised in Bloemfontein,

An official letter from the Chief of the Army, Lieutenant-General Jannie
Geldenhuys, has congratulated Pretoria on achieving the grading--and expres-
ses the hope that the organisation will maintain this level of preparedness.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Feb 85 p 12]

RETRENCHMENTS IN SUGAR INDUSTRY-~Pietermaritzburg.--Retrenchment has hit the
second largest suppliers of sugar, C G Smith Sugar, who announced this week
that 186 employees at its Pongola mill will be made redundant at the end of
this month, Personnel director Mr Barrier Horlock attributed the retrench-
ments to a change in the system of cane transport. "The change has led to
the closure of our narrow-gauge rail system as the growers wish to transport
their own cane by road," he said. He denied the retrenchments had anything
to do with the economic recession. The change in transport arrangements
follows recommendations by the Rorich committee. Five skilled workers, 24
semi-skilled and 157 unskilled are to be retrenched. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 5]

ILLEGAL STRIKE ENDS AFTER ULTIMATUM--Workers who went on illegal strike at
the Duvha open-cast colliery near Witbank yesterday had returned to work,
Rand Mines said in a statement released in Johannesburg. National Union of
Mineworkers' officials had told management the stoppage was in sympathy with
a strike at the nearby Reitspruit colliery, according to Mr Allen Cook,
deputy head of the coal division of Rand Mines. “Less than 50 of the
morning shift of 550 turned up for work at Duvha this morning, and we told
those that stayed away that unless they were back at work before the end of
the shift at 2 pm, they would be dismissed," Mr Cook said, He said NUM
officials told management workers would return to work only when two NUM
shop stewards dismissed at Rietspruit last week had been reinstated and when
"agitators" taken into custody at Reitspruit on Sunday night had been released.
"The strike was patiently organised by NUM. He added that management had
urged workers to return to work and had impressed upon them that the strike--
like the one at Rietspruit--was not in their interests. Conditions at Reit-
spruit were "virtually back to normal" yesterday after management issued an
ultimatum to workers to return to work or face dismissal, the statement said.
"Some 85 percent of the Black work force of approximatley 1 000 abandoned the
strike. By noon yesterday, 86 workers who chose not to go Rand Mines would

134


CHINESE AWARDED CONTRACT TO BUILD PARTY HEADQUARTERS

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 9 Feb 85 p 5

[Text]

cSO:

3400/672

PRIME Minister, Nalumino
Mundia yesterday told Par-
liament that Zambia picked
on Chinese contractors to
build the K40 million Party
headquarters purely on
economic lines.

Winding up debate on
estimates of expenditure
for Cabinet Office, Mr Mu-
ndia said it was not the
wish of the Party and its
government to be wasteful
by inviting foreign contrac-
tors instead of local ones.

He ‘explained that due
consideration was first
given to local companies
but none of them could
build the complex in less
than 20 years.

In this regard, the Party
approached the Chinese
who made the design of the
building and later gave a
leeway to the nation to
engage any contractor of
its own choice but it was
found economical to let
them construct the buildi-
ng.

Sine Prime Minister poi-
nted out that the Chinese
experts indicated that they
could complete constructi-
on work in five years time
or even less than that and
considering the escalating
costs of materials, it was
found fitting to engage
them to undertake the pro-

ject.

“Chinese experts were
not merely picked. There
was consideration given to
local companies but none
of the local companies
could reach the required
standards,” Mr Mundia
said.

Apart from that fact,
Mr Mundia said the Chine-
se have not been let-
down on all major projects
they’ have undertaken in
Zambia.

He pointed out that the
Chinese built the Tazara
which many people thought
was a worthless venture,
constructed the Lusaka/-
Mongu and the Serenje
Samfya roads.

Earlier, Chairman of the
4 ointments and Disci-

Bie Committee, Mr

Mudenda assured
fied nation that donations
towards the construction
of the ‘new Party headquar-
ters are in safe hands.

Contributing to the esti-
mates of expenditure,
Chief Mapanza for Mbaba-
la asked the. Office of the
Prime Minister to tell the
House when the much tal-
ked about Who owns what
Register’ which was compi-
Jed by a top executive in the
Industrial Participatory
Democracy would be relea-
pA for members of the

iblic.

142

ZAMBIA


IMPROVED POLICE CONDITIONS RECOMMENDED

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Feb 85 p 1

[Text]

BACK-benchers in Parliament yesterday called
for improved cenditions of service in the police
force to raise officers’ morale and performance.

Leading the debate on
the estimates of expendi-
ture for Police and Prisons
Commission, Bweengwa
Member of Parliament Mr
Rex Natala called for
“peace and security
‘etusade"’- this year, to
ensure that the Economic
Crusade was not disrupted
by crime.

Chinsali MP Mr Boniface
Shinga, described condi-
tions of service in the force
as ‘‘awful’’ and said it was
impossible for officers to
work effectively.

“The Government must
sacrifice some projects to
give incentives to the
police,"" Mr Shinga said
adding that such projects
would, after all, be a waste
of money without assured
security.

MP for Nechanga Mr
Titus Mukupa commended
the police for ‘‘doing well
under horrible conditions.
A person doing well under
difficult conditions should
be given incentives to spur
him to greater heights.”

Mr John Miyato (Ka-
labo) noted that while
police in rural areas were
doing well, those in big
towns were ‘‘kilometres be-
:hind criminals who are be-
coming more and more
sophisticated.""

Mr Miyato called for
improved communication
an¢ crime _—_ detection

148

methods. ‘The Govern-
ment should also review the
ranking system in the force
with a view to creating
more posts for junior offi-
cers.””

Mr Godfrey Simasiku
(Chifubu) called on the
Government to review the
situation on the Copperbelt
where he said anarchy was
reigning. He called for the
formation of a “flying
squad” to attend to emer-
gency cases.

“The ministry in charge
should also consider offers
by residents in Ndola to
supplement police effort ta
combat crime,”’ he sasid.

Katete South MP Mr
Joseph Mbewe said he had
noted a disparity in perfor-
mance between today’s
police force and that of
pre-independence days
which was ‘‘much better’’.

Meanwhile Home Affairs
Minister Mr Frederick Cho-
mba cut short his ministe-
rial speech on the security
situation following points of
order from MPs and dec-
lared: ‘‘I am prepared to
resign if I'm found want-
ing in my duties.””

This happened when the
minister was replying to
contributions from mem-
bers who alleged that Mr
Chomba had implied in his
speech that the Govern-
ment was fearing criminals

ZAMBIA


SEA FOOD GROUP SEEKS TRADE LINKS

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 22 Feb 85 p 3

[Article by Samuel Chunga]

{Text ]

cso:

A GIANT South African
business group intends to
establish trading . links
with Malawi, I learnt this

week.

Tiger Oats Limited
made its intentions known
through Mr. Boris Ka-
plan, industrial and com-
mercial liaison executive,
who was leading a five-
man company delegation
which ended a four-day
“exploratory visit” on
Wednesday.

Mr. Kaplan told the
‘Daily Times’ that his
company, whose assets
total around K1,000 mil-
lion, had made successful
contacts.

3400/691

“We've had some small
business deals already,
particularly on edible oils

and high-protein foods. -

But. we hope to expand
this in the future to make
it bigger,” he said...

Mr. Kaplan said the
talks his delegation had
had in Blantyre and Li-
longwe with government
officials and members of
the business community
had been reassuring as far
as future investment
possibilities were con-

cerned.
He said although no

specific targets were in
sight, “if propositions

come up, then we cer-.

tainly want to have a look

41

at them very, very ‘care-

fully.”

The Johannesburg-
based executive told
guests at a reception
hosted by Mkulumadzi
Farm Bakery Limited on
Tuesday that Malawians

-were lucky people who

enjoyed a business climate
rare in Africa,

He paid tribute to the
country’s leadership for
creating such an atmos-
phere which had made
Malawi an “oasis in the

desert of want” in Africa. -

Earlier, the managing
director of Mkulumadzi
Farm Bakery, Mr.
Nyemba Mbekeani, said
Mr. Kaplan’s visit was a
result of the wise policy of
contact and dialogue ad-
vocated by His Excel-
lency the Life President.

He said Malawi’s fruits
of independence were so
abundant that even a bud-
ding company like his,
which is barely three
years old, could afford to

lay host to important

jouth African visitors and
other guests representing
a cross-section of the Li-
longwe Community.

Mkulumadzi also dis-
played its range of bakery
products at the reception.

MALAWI



ANGOLA

COUNTRY REPORTEDLY EXTREMELY WELL EQUIPPED WITH LATEST SOVIET WEAPONS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jan 85 po
[Article by Ray Joseph/

[FBext/ Angola has become the first country outside the Warsaw pact to be
equipped with the deadly Soviet Sam-9 ground-to-air missile.

Recently it also received some of Russia's most advanced jet fighters.

The country which is so well known to South African soldiers as a battle-
ground against Swapo has the most powerful air force and the most sophis~
ticated collection of Sams and radar south of Syria, says an authoritative
journal.

And last year the country is estimated to have received Soviet military

aid worth 10 000-million roubles (nearly R5000-million based on the official
Soviet sterling to rouble exchange rate)--as well as 30 000 Cuban troops
and between 4 000 and 5 000 East German and Soviet “advisers" employed
mainly on the maintenance of electronic equipment and security.

These startling facts, some of which have never been publicly revealed
before, are contained in the latest edition of the prestigious Flight
International magazine published in London yesterday.

In it the Chief of the SAAF, Lieut-General Denis Earp, says that the
“threat build-up has been very fast, particularly since the peace accords
with Angola started."

In a major seven-page cover story on South Africa's air power the journal
takes one of the most comprehensive yet looks at the SAAF--and the massive
array of weaponry it faces.

Intelligence
The article, headlined "Life at 50 feet," is by the journal's defence

editor, Mike Gaines, who was given a rare insight in the operations of the
SADF during a recent visit to South Africa.



CSO:-

3400/597

The ‘Observer’ has probably, even if unintentionally,
been doing Gen Doe a favour by not giving the kind of
publicity to the Head of State that Mr Scott would like.
Doing out the goodies in bits has always guaranteed a
heightened appetite.

It is not for nothing that the expression is ‘fighting for
an election’, that is the only way ‘victory’ can be claimed
or a ‘loser’ can be pronounced at the end. 4f everybody
who opposes Gen Doe is not going to be able to ‘fight’ the
election, Gen Doe will soon find that he will not be ina
contest. As a professional soldier, such a situation can
hardly be to his liking. After all, the stronger the
opponent, the more balanced the equipment. and
manpower at the resources of both sides, the sweeter the
victory when it comes. Gen Doe can hardly enjoy his
‘victory’ when it comes, if he has not fought for it.

Let it not be said that Commander-in-Chief Doe will
ever run away from a fight or pick on puny and unworthy
opponents for a fight.

35



Abandon

Calling for the Government to abandon influx control, Mr Swart said it had
not prevented urbanisation, but only relocated it.

The Conservative Party member for Barberton, Mr Casper Uys, said he had
always understood the National Party's homeland policy to be one of giving
“every black person citizenship in his own fatherland notwithstanding where
he lives."

“Now we find the State President saying that ‘clarity must be reached with
regards to black citizenship.’

cso: 3400/608

115



in the capital of the Burkinable Construction and Management Company
[Socogib]; a repayable loan to the state amounting to 1,287,666,892 CFA
francs for the rehabilitation of the Bobo Dioulasso airport.

To throw light on the payments made by the CNSS at the request of the CNR,
we met with Comrades Tare Moumouni, chairman of the board of directors;
Simon Quedraogo, outgoing executive manager; and Herve Nikiema, financial
manager. He also went to the various banking institutions dealing with the
CNSS of the actual verification of the accounting documents, account state-
ments, and other relevant documents. Contrary to the accusations made by
Soumane Toure, the documents show that up till now, payments made by the
CNSS at the request of the CNR amount to 590 million CFA francs with the
following breakdown;

~-Participation in the capital of Socogib as of 11 October 1984; transfer
of 200 million from CNSS Account No 36,28.002 J-95.

--On 11 October 1984: transfer of 100 million francs from CNSS Account No
405,011,195 K

~-On 15 October 1984, a third transfer amounting to 200 million CFA francs
from the BSIA [expansion unknown] Account No 60.001/01/63, a11 to Account No
405,010,041 W opened for subscriptions to the capital of Socogib.

As you can see for yourselves, comrades, the total sum paid out by the CNSS
amounts to 500 million CFA francs out of the 1 billion requested.

Concerning the two other projects, no payments have been traced in the ac~
counting records of the fund. It will be observed that within the framework
of the comprehensive housing policy, economic operators and other economic
institutions of the state were called upon to finance social housing schemes,
such as Cite An II [a district of Ouagadougou], The CNSS was to provide fund-
ing for 10 cottages to the tune of 5 million per unit, that is a total of 50
million CFA francs.

Since the development plan of the CNR is not at variance with the spirit of
Article 33 of the Social Security Code, we refute with scorn the charges of
any alleged embezzlement and we ask Soumane Toure to look elsewhere for weak
points in the CNR. For projects which the fund has begun to finance, namely
Socogib, (ULVA), Cite An 2, we remind Soumane Toure that apart from the Cite
An 2, the financial participation made by the fund in the other projects make
the National Social Security Fund a coproprietor of these enterprises, If
Soumane Toure contests the development plan proposed by the CNR, it is his
most absolute right, but he should not use any trade union cover to impede
the revolutionary process, We believe that his hostility toward the CNR to-
day, as compared with his attitude toward the former leaders of the country,
can easily be explained through a logical and objective political analysis,
In any case, Soumane Toure will not have much time to wait, for any pro-
letarian political struggle sheds itself of its impurities in its development
process.

4


BOTSWANA

COUNTRY WARNED AGAINST PROVIDING SANCTUARY FOR TERRORISTS
Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 5 Feb 85 p 1

- [Text] Cape Town: The Bophuthatswana Government has warned Botswana that
unless acts of "terror and infiltration" do not stop, its security forces
will launch hot pursuit operations,

This has been backed up by a strongly worded message from South Africa,
warning that "this situation cannot continue."

In a statement issued today Foreign Minister Mr Pik Botha said there had been
direct contact between the Botswana and Bophuthatswana governments after an
increase in the number of contacts involving Bophuthatswana security forces
“with terrorists infiltrating through to South Africa."

Since September 1984 seven terrorists had been arrested in Bophuthatswana;
two had escaped across the border and three had died.

The Botswana Government has since claimed that it is facing an invasion by
South African and Bophuthatswana forces but Mr Botha says the basis of the
claims are not clear to him.

All that had happened was that the Bophuthatswana Government had expressed its
concern as well as the SA Government.

Bophuthatswana told Botswana that it had information "that a number of terror-
ists were using Botswana as a sanctuary from pursuit by security forces and
that if acts of terror and infiltration did not cease the government of
Bophuthatswana would have no other alternative than to engage in hot pursuit
against them."

In his message to Bophutswana, Mr Botha said that peace and stability in

Southern Africa could not be maintained if terrorists were harboured in a
neighbouring sovereign state.

CSO: 3400/6621



Role of PFP May Be Curbed
(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Feb B85) seccenveeees

CP Challenge to Government on Morals Act Breakers
(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Feb 85) seseceneeere

Job-Creation Effort in Port Elizabeth Reported
(Louis Beckerling; EVENING POST, 6 Feb 85) veveeeeeeeees

Whites Want To Govern Own Land
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Feb 85) sssvsceceevcecececesserserseces

African Self-Help Education Scheme Outlined
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Feb B5) cevevceccccreecerecssenseeeeres

Rampaging Pupils Clash With Police ;
(Rika van Graan; THE CITIZEN, 16 Feb 85) ..sseereseeeere

White Aid in Black Education Urged
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 15 Feb 85) .sseeeeseeeves

Trial of Archbishop Hurley Drawing Foreign Clergymen
(THE CITIZEN, 16 Feb 85) csececseseccsceecscceeeececeses

Sweden Clamps Down on Capital Investment
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Feb 85) cescccsceceseeccesvercecenes

Du Plessis Defends Government's Ideological Expenditure
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Feb en

Du Plessis Asks for R1,43-Billion More
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Feb 85) sesseeeereeeseeeres

ANC Member Tells Court About Organization, Training
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 15 Feb 85) cevseseseseereceere

Reasons for Collapse of ANC Talks Examined
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Feb 85) .esseeeeevee

PFP Slams Government About Homelands, Black Citizenship
(THE STAR, 1 Feb 85) seesecesveveeeeeecs

Whites' Birth Rate Shows New Decline
(THE CITIZEN, 5 Feb 85) ..+-

Heavy Damage at Crossroads .
(Rika van Graan, Bert van Hees; THE CITIZEN, 21 Feb 85)

Mixed Reaction to Transport Services Hikes
(Julia Beffon; THE CITIZEN, 21 Feb 85) sssesseeeerereees

97

99

101

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

113

114

116

117

119



OPENCAST OPERATIONS BEAR BRUNT OF FUEL HIKE

Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 30 Jan 85 p 1

[Article by Tom McCuaig]

[Text]
THE mining
industry is going to

face a huge bill,
estimated to be at
least R83. million,
as a result of the
increase in fuel
prices.

The total overall cost
to the industry could be
much higher when
increases in transport |
costs are evaluated.

The big mining houses ;
are at present anxiously ©
trying to figure out what ,
the final bill will amount
to — but it will be some

weeks before they can ,
complete detailed assess- :

ments.

The hardest hit will be.
the open-cast operations
which are generally fuel-
intensive, such as Rio
Tinto’s giant copper pro-

cs0; 3400/680

ducer at Palabora and
Iscor’s iron ore mine at
Sishen.

Palabora, for example
uses 40 million to 45 mil-
lion litres of diesel pro-
ducts annually.

As these have gone up
by around 20cents alitre,
the operation will incur
an additional R9 million
or so a year.

The bill would hit

* Palabora harder if it were

not for the trolley-assist
programme — that is,
additional electrification
— which has already pro-
vided a 25 percent saving.

Iscor is also trying to
tot up what the increased
fuel prices will mean to its
huge iron ore mine at Sis-
hen in the Cape and to
the comparatively new
open-cast coal producer
at Ellisras in the northern
Transvaal.

Adding to the worries

127

of these producers is the
fact that they are all in
fields which have fierce
competition on world
export markets.
Although copper has
rallied of late, this. is
believed to be due to a
large extent to producers
depleting stocks.

‘When copper begins to !
stockpile again, the
export market is to!
become more difficult.

Coal and iron also
have to contend with
difficult export markets.

Thus, the producers
are concerned with the
effect the big increases in
fuel prices will have on
their export efficiency.

SATS has already
announced its intention
of applying for higher
rates and this also will
have a substantial effect
on export competitive-
ness.

SOUTH AFRICA

“We will just have to
absorb most of these
increased costs,”” said an
Iscor source. ‘‘We will
have to look very closely
at every aspect in which
we can streamline pro-
duction.”

Iscor has already been
effecting savings by
paring production costs
and introducing electri-
fication.

But the mining
industry has just been hit
by price hikes from
Escom — with possibly
more to come.

On the domestic scene,
higher rail costs will hit
the consumer market
hard.

Already, railage costs
two-and-a-half times the
pit price of coal and one
estimate is that this will
rise to about three times
the pit price.



SOUTH AFRICA

RAMPAGING PUPILS CLASH WITH POLICE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Feb 85 p 2
{Article by Rika van Graan]

[Text]

cso:

HUNDREDS of schol-
ars demanding the re-
lease of their col-
leagues from police
custody went’ on the
rampage in the Orange
Free State yesterday.
The stone-throwing
mob clashes in Bothaville
with other pupils from the
Mophati “High School

3400/660

who did not want to take
part in the violence.

The mob of about 100
youths marched on the
Molefi butchery and
stoned it.

Sporadic incidents of
violence and riots also
erupted in several town-
ships in the Eastern Cape
after a violent night in the
Fort Beaufort where one
resident was hacked to

death and another se-
tiously injured by Black
youths who set fire to two
private residences.

A spokesman for the
Police Directorate in Pre-
toria, Lieutenant Derrick
van der Walt, said yester-
day that about 22 Black
youths set fire to a private
residence in Tinus, the
township outside Fort
Beaufort. They stoned
and assaulted the owner
of the house. A 34-year-
old man living in the
backyard tried to escape,

105

but he was pursued and
hacked to death.

In Thabong township,
outside Springs, a Black
man was arrested on a
charge of public violence
during an incident when a
crowd of about 200
Blacks stoned police ve-
hicles.

In KwaNabugle, near
Uitenhage, in the Eastern
Cape, a group of about
200 youths set fire to a
private. residence after
evicting the occupants,



But above all CERER is focussing its attention on the way the biomass,
and more particularly wood, is being used at a time when the process of
desertification is gathering pace. Sixty percent of CERER's work involves
the development and distribution of improved cooking fires known as "Bank
ak Suuf" (clay and sand) stoves. This is one way of exploiting local
resources by using local materials (clay and sand); it also relies on an
endogenous technique that is straightforward, easily accepted, and above
all so inexpensive that it can be afforded by even the poorest families.

At present, there are over 20,000 such improved stoves in rural areas,

The Senegalese government has set up a 250 million Central African Franc
programme aimed at distributing 300,000 to 400,000 such stoves, which save
between 30 and 40 percent firewood, as part of the fight against deserti-
fication. In this way, what remains of Senegal's forests may be saved.

The traditional "three-stone fireplace" wastes considerable amounts of
energy. The improved cooking fire programme also forms part of the campaign
for energy saving. The United States Agency for International Development
has given much support to the programme by, for example, funding training
centres in various other villages.

cso: 3400/599

64


GHANA

LEFT SPEAKS OUT IN TWISTED DIALECTIC DESPITE CENSORSHIP
Media Commentary
/Tondon TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2, No 18, 4 Feb 85 pp 14-15

[Text] A classic case of media management is being played in Ghana,
conducted by Mrs Valeri Sackey who signs herself as the head of Information
at the Castle. It has taken her very considerable talents to try to hide
from the Ghanaian public the big parting of ways between Flight~Lieutenant
J.J, Rawlings and many of his friends over a most fundamental matter.

There are a few points that are not in dispute. A statement was read at
the Accra Community Centre to the Press last week, which was quite critical
of Flt-Lt Rawlings and what was seen as the direction of the "December 31
process." Critical though the statement was, that was not what alarmed
the Castle as much as the signatories to the statement and more particu-
larly, the identity of the person who read the statement. For it was read
by Mr Fui Tsikata, Senior lecturer in Law at the University of Chana.

Mr Fui Tsikata happens to be one of a triumvirate of Tsikatas who have

been most passionate in their support of F1lt-Lt Rawlings and his various
undertakings in the past almost four years. The other two being Mr Tsatsu
Tsikata, younger brother of Fui and also a Senior lecturer in Law at Legon,
which duo are usually credited with lending the ‘intellectual prop' to the
revolution. The third being their big cousin, ex-Capt Kodjo Tsikata, Special
Advisor to the PNDC and Head of Security who is normally credited with
having utilised his guile and some say, ruthlessness, to keep the PNDC in
power.

The last thing that the Castle wanted to admit was that there was such a
serious conflict within the ranks of the inner circle of the revolution.
Seeing that the Tsikatas are known to move together it would be difficult
for anybody to believe that Mr Fui Tsikata would launch such a major attack
on PNDC policy without support from Mr Tsatsu Tsikata and Capt Kodjo Tsikata.

Mrs Sackey therefore went into action and took the most unusual step of

writing to the press houses to stop the publication of the story. The
People's Daily Graphic of January 24, 1985 did carry the story, however,

19



In terms of the now stalled land deal, Pretoria offered to help restore the
Greater Swaziland of the 19th century by transferring South Africa's border
territories of KaNgwane and Ingwavuma to Swaziland.

Land deal negotiations took place in 1981-82. At the time it was speculated
that they were important in persuading Swaziland to sign a secret non-
aggression pact with South Africa and to adopt an increasingly hostile
attitude toward the ANC.

But, Mr Daniel avers, Swaziland's desire to regain its "alienated territory"
cannot on its own explain its tough stand against the ANC.

"The 'carrot' of these 'lost' lands has been a card which South Africa has
only served to reinforce deeper tendencies in the Swazi state's attitude
to the ANC."

Mr Daniel contrasts Lesotho's ideologically hostile attitude to South
Africa with Swaziland's generally accommodation attitude.

Lesotho's more stridently critical position is paradoxical in the sense
that it is more dependent economically on South Africa than Swaziland and
therefore more vulnerable to South African pressure.

One reason for Lesotho's vociferous anti-apartheid stance is the quest

by its government for international and internal legitimacy, a quest which
has its roots in the seizure of power by Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan
after the aborted 1970 general election.

"Illegitimate since its coup in 1970, the Jonathan government has tried

desperately to acquire legitimacy in the 1970's by assuming a more populist

position, particularly on the question of South Africa and apartheid," Mr

Daniel writes.

Another factor, however, is the absence of a Lesotho variant of the Tibiyo
. Fund and hence of a coalition between the Lesotho ruling class and South

Africa capital.

"There (has not) been a tendency on the part of the Basotho state to enter
into joint ventures with capital," Mr Daniel says.

"South African Review Two" (Ravan Press)

cso: 3400/605

138


The hazards of the Red Cross operation are illustrated in an accompanying
article describing the flying operations they carry out.

Recently, landmines were uncovered near the airfield used by the ICRC at
Katchiungo in Huambo province, and a woman seeking relief help lost a leg
when she detonated an anti-personnel mine there.

Since the incident, the committee has appointed a security official to check
the airfield area for mines daily.

cso:  3400/592



embark on determined action for the immediate and Fao Oa eee omunity
i i . In an appeal to the internationa.
political prisoners and detainees ; i om
i ANC said the situation in
to assist the oppressed in South Africa, the a i
region demanded the stepping up of the struggle for the total isolation oon
apartheid regime. [Text] [Dar es Salaam External Service in Englis'

20 Feb 85]

TRADE WITH JAPANESE FIRM--A giant Japanese computer and telecommunications
firm has announced that it is to deal openly with South Africa from now
on after dealing for years through local manufacturers and importers,

Our economics staff reports that while Japan and South Africa have
maintained trade links, dealings have been at arms length for various
reasons. [Begin Mr Yasushi Tajuri of Fujitsu Company video] There has
been no major change in the past few years or more. There has been no
restriction or regulation in terms of the trade between the countries
except some military stuff, but Japan has also a little trade with other
African countries and (?try) talk about computer communication equipment.
We have had a lot of relationships with other African countries and
again we have been, why Fujitsu has been jeopardized in their trade with
this country. Our products, such as microchips or diskdrives or some
printers and even some computers have been imported in this country, into
this country, not by the Fujitsu name but by other company's name and we
have been reasonably satisfied with that business. [End video] [Text]
[Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 19 Feb 85]

cso: 3400/652

136


UNITED REVOLUTIONARY FRONT LAMBASTED

London TALKING DRUMS in English Vol 2 No 20, 18 Feb 85 pp 9-10

{Article by Ntim Gyakari]

[Text]

To celebrate the 3rd anniversary of the
military rebellion in Ghana on 31st
December 1981, an organisation that
calls itself United Revolutionary Front
(URF) issued a statement and
circulated it.

This statement was supposed to have
been signed by one of the many
pseudo-revolutionaries Nyeya Yen ‘‘on
behalf of the External Secretariat,
London, 31st December 1981’’. What
this means is not comprehensible.

The so-called URF is supposed to be
an amalgamation of the June Fourth
Movement and People’s Revolutionary
League of Ghana. These were front
organisations that were mobilised by
Rawlings, Tsikatas, Chris Bukari
Atim, Akwasi Adu, and their ilk to
give a semblence of national support
for the political farce now bedevilling
mother Ghana.

Under the cloak of fighting
corruption, inefficiency, world
imperialism and lack-lustre political
drama of President Limann’s era,
Rawlings’ ego was bolstered by these
front organisations.

In the statement the so-called URF
among other matters, condemned and
disdained Rawlings for falling out with
his colleagues; for assuming the role of
supreme dictator. Rawlings is chastised
for embarking on disastrous economic
policies and betraying their ideology.

The so-called URF members, who
wore expensive jeans while parading
themselves before the whole world as a
poverty-stricken lot determined to
banish poverty in Ghana and join the

24

crusade of the World revolutionary
forces, exhibited every kind of
immorality both in their public and
private lives. They rode in the best cars
available in the land. They displayed
arrogance. They lived in posh
bungalows, and had orders to eat and
sleep in the best hotels. As a result of
their action incompetence has become
the order of the day and no respect for
any authority or elders has been
officially encouraged.

Members of the so-called URF were
armed to the teeth and there is the
possibility that they shed innocent
blood and maimed many other
defenceless Ghanaians.

Now that some of the members of
the so-called URF are in exile how do
they manage financially, or have they
also ‘‘ran away to overseas to enjoy
their stolen monies in foreign banks?”

They could see now the terror they
helped Rawlings to instil into the
Ghanaian populace, the humiliation
and wanton destruction of human
lives, not to mention the harassment
which forced many Ghanaians to leave
the country that belongs to them.

On the economic analysis contained
in the URF statement, the question to

be answered by them is: what could

they do when they had the chance?

They naively and ignorantly added to

the penury of Ghanaians. The policy
PNDC pursued when it foisted itself on
Ghanaians has been one of economic
bankruptcy. . .

it was during this period that
realisation dawned upon Rawlings that

GHANA


ECONOMIC RECOVERY SEEN WITHIN REACH

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 27 Jan 85 p 8

[Article by Brian Kantor]

[Text]

EFORE Thursday South Afri-
can petrol, measured in United
States dollars, was among the
very cheapest in the world.
‘The prices of other goods and
services in South Africa, including the
services of labour, are still very cheap
when expressed in dollars.

However, as with petrol, their prices
will rise to approach their value in the
world mark “a which South Africa is
very much an integral .

Salaries and wages'in Bath Africa will
also come to rise faster, in line with

prices generally. They will rise

with the recovery of the economy and in
haps two or three years time travel-
Tg abroad may again appear a reason-
able alternative to a hOliday in Cape

‘own.

‘The price of petrol has caught up in one
fell swoop with the terrible Fecline that
has occurred in the international pur-

er of our currency.

Until El domestic prices, including
wages and salaries, have risen in re-
sponse to the fall in the value of the rand,
geporters, including farmers, mines and
firms with the potential to compete with
imports, will be handsome winners in the
economic game. The losers are those
firms largely dependent on imports.

Among the losers now are also those
firms, especially in the furniture and
motor sectors, who have been severely
affected by the reduction in domestic
spending, especially on durables,

‘This reduction in spending followed the
hike in interest rates and especially the
restriction on hire purchase and finance
imposed last August.

These measures were intended to re-
duce spending and improve the balance
of payments, which they have succeeded
in doing. They were also intended to help
the rand and reduce inflation pres-
sures which they have failed to do.

93

‘The rand has continued to weaken and,
more important for most of the period,

is been expected to weaken. These very
negative sentiments about the rand have
continued to maintain the upward pres-
sure on interest rates, which has been so
damaging to all borrowers.

‘There are few businesses or assets in
South Africa that have been capable of
earning in excess of the 25% and more it
costs to borrow capital. But rescue for the
business sector is on the way in the form
of more demand from abroad, from im-
port substitutes and domestic consumers.

‘To give an example, a typical small car
costs between $7000 and $8000 in the
United States. That is about R17 500
which will buy much more than a small
car here,

The increase in the price of petrol was :
not inevitable. It.could have been kept

down by subsidising the petrol consumer
at the expense of the taxpayer, In fact,
the consumer was being subsidised be-
fore the increase.

‘Whatever was being paid in taxes for
petrol and fuel was given back — and
more — in.the form of subsidies, includ-
ing profits on the sale of oil from the
strategic oil reserve.

, Since March, 1983 the effective taxes
on petrol were being whittled away until
recently when petrol became an expendi-
ture rather than an income item in the
government accounts.

It makes no economic sense to artifi-
cially cheapen and therefore encourage
consumption through subsidising petrol
or anything else. By the same token, it
makes little sense to artificially tax con-
sumption of petrol at higher rates than
other goods, but if petrol is not taxed and
government iture is not reduced
equivalently, ot goods and services,
including personal income, would have to
be taxed more heavily.

Tt does make sense to associate expen-
diture on road-building with the rise of
petrol, which is being done to the extent



take "Firm action" if there were similar stoppages in future. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Feb 85 p 10)

PFP LEADER ON URBAN BLACKS--The political hopes of South Africa's: urban
Blacks would never be satisfied if plans for them were in any way linked to
the Black homelands, Mr Sam Moss (PFP, Parktown) said in the debate. Mr Moss
said that there appeared to be a grain of hope for urban Blacks in the system
of regional service councils--as opposed to the system of urban Black coun-
cils, which had largely failed. In any system of political determination for
urban Blacks, it was vital to recognise the permanence of those Black there--
many of them.third and fourth generation in urban areas and completely un-
familiar with any so-called “homeland". "Peace in our metropolitan areas
will depend largely on the success of the regional services councils. But
care must be taken to get on to them the people in the Black communities who
really want to serve--and they must be given the powers to achieve--so that
they are not regarded as government stooges, as the urban councils were,"
said Mr Moss. "If the new bodies do not produce the goods, do not show an
upliftment in life, then the people serving on them will be at risk--just

as we have seen the Urban Bantu Council members at risk in the recent unrest.
If the new Councils are expected to blindly carry out Government policy
such as influx control--they would be doomed to failure," he said. {Text ]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Feb 85 p 8]

LENNINGS EXPORTS--Lennings Manganese, a Lennings Group company, has increased
its exports by 163 percent. “The company's exports have risen by 163 percent
in the value during the last two financial years and currently account for 60
percent of total sales value," said Mr D Hume, general manager of Lennings
Manganese. The company's major export markets are the USA, Canada, the Far
East, Europe, United Kingdom and Chile. Operating in the highly competitive
export market has meant that Lennings Manganese has had to provide both out-
standing service and high quality products. Evidence of this is that the
company holds the SABS mark, which was awarded in January 1979. The require-
ments of other international standards such as DIN, BS and ASTM are also met.
The company specialises in the production of cone crusher bowl liners and
mantles with a maximum diameter of 2,13 metres and an individual mass of 7
mt, and jaw crusher liners up to 3,3 mt. [Text] [Johannesburg MINING WEEK
in English 16 Jan 85 p 9)

SULZER'S ENGINEERING--Sulzer's engineering division is to design and manage
construction of a surface refrigeration plant at Anglo's Erfdeel gold mine,
near Welkom. Sulzer concrete cooling towers will form a major part of the
plant. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Feb 85 p 7)

ANC CONDEMNS RAIDS--Dar es Salaam--The African National Congress [ANC] of

South Africa has strongly condemed the latest campaign of intimidation and
terror launched by the racist regime against antiapartheid opponents. It says
Pretoria's desperation will only serve to fuel the offensive for the destruction
of the apartheid regime. An ANC statement issued in Dar es Salaam today was
commenting on yesterday's raids and detention of United Democratic Front leaders
on charges of treason. ‘The statement called on the people of South Africa to

135



National Accelerator Center

Chief Director of the
CSIR’s National Acceler-
ator Centre, Dr D Reit-
man, sees an exciting and
profitable future in the field
of particle acceleration.
And the National Accel-
erator Centre, which was
set up in 1977, is available
to scientists for basic and
applied research using
particle beams, particle ra-
diotherapy for the, treat-
ment of cancer and for
supplying accelerator-pro-
duced radioactive isotopes
for nuclear-based medi-
cine, industrial processes
and pure research,

The NAC operates sev-
eral accelerators. In Pre-
toria a 25-year-old 16 MeV
deuteron cyclotron has
been used for many re-
search projects, but is to-
day fully committed to
radio isotype production,
radiobiology and the treat-
ment of cancer with fast
neutrons.

The 16 MeV Van de
Graaff accelerator at Faure
is being used for basic re-
search in physics and nu-
clear analytic chemistry. It

CSO: 3400/679

also serves for applied re-
search involving surface
analysis and the interac-
tions between ions and sol-
ids as well as for research
into nuclear medicine and
the life sciences.

Among the latest addi-

tions to research capability
is South Africa’s own Sep-
arated-Sector Cyclotron
now in its final construc-
tion stages near Faure in
the Western Cape. This
variable-energy machine
will be capable of accel-
erating protons to a max-
imum energy of 200 MeV.
This means in effect that
the protons are accelerated
by voltages totalling 200-
million.
As many industrialists, not
associated in any way with
nuclear physics, might well
ask, ‘‘what does all this
equipment do and pro-
duce?”’

Of course the use of ra-
diation in medicine for the
bombardment of cancer-
ous cells has had wide pub-
licity, but the irradiation of
a wide number of mate-
rials is having some inter-

86

esting effects. The NAC
also plays a vital role in the
calibration of gamma-ray
monitors and dosimeters
to recognised AEC stand-
ards and the accurate
measurement of radioac-
tivity.

Even gold miners are
benefitting from work done
by NAC. Production of ra-
dioisotopes at the Pretoria
cyclotron has enabled in
situ detection of gold un-
derground and obviated the
need for extensive sam-
pling and chemical analy-
sis. Other isotopes are
being used for thickness
and moisture measure-
ment, flow studies and
tracer applications.

The sort of work that can
be done with atomic and
nuclear techniques is
hardly known to the lay-
man. Perhaps a few ex-
amples would not be amiss.

Non-destructive analy-
sis, especially of rare or
hard-to-dbtain specimens
is one very important fa-
cility. The Van de Graaff
accelerator and its related
equipment can sample

down to trace elements at
parts per million levels and
has been used for this type
of analysis in metals, ce-
ramics, alloys, objets d’
pollution samples and bi-
‘ological and archeological
matter.

Then, of course, there
are a wide number of
standard applications such
as surface depth profiling
of thin films, thickness
measurements in moving
processes, activation of
metal wear parts to meas-
ure wear or corrosion.

In more advanced work
with lasers, material hard-
ness and resistance to fric-
tion have been achieved
and surprisingly glassy
types of metals have been
produced. Doped semi-
conductors are another area
where bombardment un-
der controlled conditions
shows promise of products
such as cheap solar cells.

‘The fields of nuclear and
atomic physics show no
sign of slowing or ceasing
to produce the modern
miracles the world has
come to expect.



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA CLAIMS--Lisbon--Unita claims it attacked Luena, the capital of
Moxico province this week, killing 136 government and Cuban troops, and
sabotaged Luanda's power system last Friday, embarrassing a ruling MPLA
conference. Dr Jonas Savimbi's guerilla movement yesterday said it
struck Cuban and Angolan military installations in-Luena on the Benguela
railway with heavy firepower on Monday. Unita said its forces inflicted
many injuries, captured considerable war material and destroyed munitions
depots. Twenty-seven Cuban and 109 Angolan soldiers died in the attack
on Luena, formerly Luso, the statement said. No rebel casualties were
mentioned. It said Unita "special commandos" sabotaged 10 pylons and two
transformers carrying power from the Mabubas hydro-electric power scheme
on Friday, blacking out parts of Luanda. It claimed the blackout cut
short a MPLA conference which closed with a call for increased military
efforts against "imperialist aggression." /Text/ /Johannesburg THE STAR
in English 24 Jan 85 p 5/ :

CSO: 3400/592


SOUTH AFRICA

CSIR BODY SPARKS ETHYLENE COST ROW
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jan 85 p 4
[Article by Alex Hogg]

[Text]

cso:

A STORM has _ burst

over a hard-hitting re-
lustry by

backed Group for

Techno-economic Stud-

les.

The report, in the GTES
Newsletter, says that ethyl-
ene, the ma; or primary In it
in the product ion of plastic,
should be im .

« Koos Hough, head of the
chemicals division at the
Council for Scientific and In-
dustrial Reasearch divison,
says average South African

jlene prices were twice as
hi as the international

ice in 1982 and 1983.

Saudi plant

A Saudi Arabian plant
comes on stream this year,
and he believes world ices

lish a foothold in export mar-
kets.

3400/679

SA produces about 390 000
tons of ethylene annually,
most of it from Sasol’s Se-
cunda plant. The product is a
major contributor to Sasol’s

ts.

Mr Hough says: “We should
steer clear of products that
cannot hold their own in free
international *competition.

industry that cannot con-
tribute to economic growth
must be reappraised.

Less chance

“If ethylene producers
‘cannot be profitable at inter-
national prices, secondary
and tertiary producers who
are led to use the
local luct have even less
chance of being profitable.

“It is difficult to see how
SA can tolerate this situation
when it is viewed against the

’s declining economic
st — the long-term
future of this sub-sector must
consequently be seen to be in

‘A continuation of the pre-
sent policy will result in a

survival strategy and finally
to a subsistence level of pro-
duction.”

His findings are significant
because eee is a major
primary luct in the pro-
duction of plastic. Industry
ex] say ethylene can con-
stitute up to 80% of the end
product price.

Chemical industry chiefs,
however, dismiss Mr Hough’s
arguments.
ee ted

irant says: “My -

sion is that he hasn’t done his

homework. There are some

ing errors, particularly

fhe comparison Between SA

and international prices. It is

way out of date use of
the rand’s depreciation.

Impossible

“Companies like AECI are
not forced to buy in SA. There
is no duty on imported ethyl-
ene. The nature of the prod-
uct makes it too expensive to
import.”

‘he other large user of Sa-
sol’s ethylene, Sentrachem,

92

has a similar view. Managing
director Dave Marlow: “,
studies indicate that import-
ing of ethylene is impossible,
even if we were able to buy
from the Saudis.

“Transporting ethylene is
not like moving a solid prod-
uct. It is best to buy the ethyl-
ene over the fence.”

' Validity

But one ethylene producer
sees some. validity in Mr
Hough's argument. He pre-
fers to remain anonymous
“because Sasol is a valued
and only supplier”.

An executive of a chemi-
cals group says there is room
to re-examine the price
which SA firms have to pa}
for ethelyne’ — “Mr Holgh
puts forward a good argu-
ment why this is necessary.”


SOUTH AFRICA

ROLE OF PFP MAY BE CURBED
Johannesburg RAND DATLY MAIL in English 6 Feb 85 p 4

[Brticle by Chris Freimond/
[Text] Cape Town--The new Constitution could severely hamper efforts by
the Progressive Federal Party to monitor discriminatory aspects of Govern-
ment policy.

The serious drawback emerged this week when it became clear that PFP
spokesmen would no longer be able to question Cabinet Ministers in Parlia-
ment on issues now regarded as the "own" affairs of coloureds and Indians.

In particular, the restrictions will apply to questions on education, one
of the most controversial national issues.

The PFP's spokesman on national education, Mr Horace van Rensburg, said
yesterday that he was no longer permitted to:ask questions, for example, on
per capita expenditure for black, white coloured and Indian scholars. He
could only ask for figures regarding blacks and whites.

It was also not clear if he would be able to refer to problems in coloured
and Indian education when national education matters were debated in the
House of Assembly, he said.

"TE will be like putting on blinkers and looking at an issue without the
advantage of being able to see the whole spectrum of problems facing the
country," Mr Van Rensburg said.

Mr Van Rensburg said it was important to obtain comparative figures on a
wide range of issues to assess what progress, if any, the Government was
making.

"This new system could severely handicap our ability to continue our fight
against discrimination."

The groups in the three separate Houses would be forced to concentrate

exclusively on their own problems. They might lose sight of other
important issues and become selfish and self-centred, he said.

97



REASONS FOR COLLAPSE OF ANC TALKS EXAMINED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 8

[Text ]

AN Afrikaans journalist who interviewed executive
members of the African National Congress said yester-
day other anti-apartheid groups had thwarted a meet-
ing of the ANC and National Party members last year.

“The mecting became an open secret, and both sides
got scared,” Dr Pict Muller, assistant editor of Beeld,
told a Press luncheon in Pretoria.

Dr Muller, who wrote two controversial articles on
his meeting with the African National Congress in Lu-
saka last year, said no direct talks had been organised.

“A few backbenchers in the National Party were
going to attend an international conference which the
ANC would also be attending.”

. Dr Muller said that when the possibility of a meeting
was publicised, anti-apartheid groups urged the ANC
not to take part.

“Organisations such as the UDF (United Democratic
Front) and the Anti-Apartheid League are dead-set
against any direct discussions with the National Party,”
Dr Muller said.

“When things quieten down, I think they (the ANC
and the NP) might try it again.”

Dr Muller said the ANC, like the National Party,
“has problems in its constituency.”

CSO: 3400/660

113

The older generation on the ANC’s executive dif-
fered from the younger, more militant members who
wanted an escalation in the armed conflict against
South Africa.

“But I think the older generation will win in the
end,” Dr Muller said. “Because if the ANC starts at-
tacking civilian targets, they will have diplomatic diffi-

“culties with their host countries (where the ANC has

representatives),””

Dr Muller said the ANC executive members had ex-
plained they still stood for the 1954 Freedom Charter.

“But they have no preconceived ideas on what the
solution for South Africa should be. They say we
should find our own solution to our unique problems.”

Dr Muller said that although the ANC rejected the
homelands, “they are ready to discuss federalism.

“They realise that the homelands are a part of the
South African scene and cannot be wished away with
political rhetoric.”

Dr Muller said there would be a “long courtship”
between the Government and the ANC, but both were
giving “strong signals” in favour of negotiations.

“They are watching each other,” Dr Muller said.
“But at present they are both at the hard-to-get stage.”
— Sapa. “1



COUNTRY'S BLACK EDUCATION WAY BEHIND WHITES

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 19 Jan 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

WINDHOEK — Startling
statistics on the discrep-
ancies between white and
black education in SWA/
Namibia emerged this
week as .a record 340 000
pupils registered for the
first 1985 school term.

In a wide-ranging survey

. published in the liberal

English daily newspaper,
the Windhoek Advertiser —
whose figures have been
cross-checked by the Africa
Bureau — it emerged that:

@ Namibia needs 1000

, new teachers and about 50

schools a year to cope with
the backlog in black educa-
tion,

@ In Owambo, which has
51,5% of the country’s
schoolgoing population,
there are 43,7 pupils per
teacher, while white child-
ren have one teacher to
every 12,6 pupils.

@ There are 10 129 teach-
ers in Namibia at present,
and although this figure
will have to grow by 1000 a
year to meet present needs,
81,4% of all teachers pres-
ently employed are under-
qualified, have less than the
required Std 10 and three
years’ training.

3400/662

@Many black schools —

are operating on a double-
shift basis, with morning
and afternoon classes for
separate groups to cope
with the shortage of teach-
ers and classrooms.

@ Despite the teacher
shortage, the wealthy,
right-wing administration
for whites has cut back on
its intake of trainee teach-
ers this year.

Only 60 new students
were enrolled at the all-
white Windhoek Teachers’
Training College this year,
bringing total enrolment
figures to just over 200. The
college has the capacity to
train over 1 000 students.

But because education in
Namibia is a function of the
second-tier, or ethnic au-
thorities, no blacks are
admitted to the college.
Centre of repeated contro-
versy over its apartheid
tules, the college and the
administration have consis-
tently resisted attempts to
open the college to all
races.

This is despite the fact
that many of the graduat-
ing teachers will’ not be
able to find jobs in white
schools in SWA/Namibia
this year because there are

simply no posts available.

60

And in a statement hand-
ed to Senator Edward Kens
nedy the Council of Church-
es in Namibia (CCN), it was
pointed out that in the 1982-
83 budget year, Ri 762 was
spent on education for each
white child, while black
children received R324
each.

It was also stated that
while only 12% of black
children reach secondary
school, the corresponding
figure for whites is 42%.

Because of the richer tax
base of the white admini-,
stration as opposed to that
of the other ethnic admini-'
stration, the administration
is sitting with a massive
cash surplus estimated to
be in the region of R90 mil-
lion, while other admini-
strations are either perma-
nently bankrupt or struggle
to make ends meet.

The Advertiser survey
revealed that although
71000 scholars registered
for Grade 1 (Sub A) in 1984,
there were only 48 000
Grade 2 (Sub B) pupils in
the same year.

And there were only 2 193
pupils registered for
matric last year, indicating
an “alarmingly high drop-
out rate”, the Advertiser
said. ‘

NAMIBIA


TERRITORIAL WATERS LIMIT--There are plans to reduce the limit of the
country's territorial waters from 150 to 12 nautical miles (280 to 22km)
in compliance with the UN convention on the Law of the Sea. According to
legislation currently under examination the country is also to drop its
claim to a 200-nautical-mile (370km) economic exclusion zone, but will
maintain a claim to an offshore fishing zone of the same depth. Economic
exclusion zones, which have been claimed by many of the signatories of
the treaty, include claims to mineral exploitation rights over the sea-bed
as well as to fishing rights. The proposed changes, adopted at a Cabinet
meeting are now subject to approval by the Senegalese National Assembly.
[Text] London TALKING DRUMS in English 4 Feb 85 p 247

FRENCH ASSISTANCE PROGRAM--As part of the French technical military assist-
ance programme, the armed forces in 1984 received three AML~90 Panhard
armoured vehicles equipped with Hispano Suiza Lynx turrets. /Text/

[Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English Jan 85 p 87 ~

AIRCRAFT FOR AIR FORCE--The Senegalese Air Force has received four military
versions of the Rallye aircraft made by SOCATA (France). They will fly

control and surveillance missions. The Air Force also took delivery of
two Fokker aircraft. /Text/ /Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English Jan 85 p 87

cso: 3400/600

66



Mr Carroll, who has farmed at Vergelee for 20 years, said three years of
drought and crop failure, the high cost of cattle feed and the price of
imported maize had crippled the farmers.

A spokesman for the North West Co-operative in Lichtenburg said the area
normally produced 20% of the country's maize, groundnuts, sunflower and
sorghum. . Last year it produced 2%,

The average rainfall of 355mm had fallen to 127mm for the last three years.

Mr Carroll said according to the co-operative annual reports, farmers owed
the co-op R70-million in 1980. In 1984 it was R190-million.

The president of the South African Agricultural Union, Mr. Kobus Jooste,
said this week farmers' debts had reached nearly R10-billion.

Mr Carroll believed many farmers were facing financial disaster but were
too proud to admit it.

Thin

"My neighbour can't afford to pay his labourers at the end of the month,
has no crop to sell and his cattle are too thin for slaughter. How can he
feed anyone?”

One farmer who had been in Vergelee for 52 years left a year ago for East
London. Three labourers were still on the farm, but did not know if the
owner would return.

Mr Carroll said many of the farmers who had gone were young. Only three
of the 15 farmers along the Molopo river road were in their 40s. Everyone
else was above 60.

He said most of the older farmers grew enough maize for themselves and
their labourers. But-with the drought they could not do this let alone
provide for thousands of jobless people.

This week's rains have come too late to save the maize and groundnuts
planted last year. But farmers were planting more maize seed this week,
and Mr Carroll said if there was more rain and the winter frost was late,
they would have some food for the winter.

Feared

He said he feared for the future of the community. "Subsistence farmers
are struggling to exist and the producing farmers are being wiped out."

Although many of the younger farmers had found work elsewhere, he doubted
whether the older farmers would be as lucky. "So we have to stay and see
what happens," he said.

cso: 3400/605

11



cso

of 5c/litre. The increase in the petrol
rice should be understood as mainly a
fiscal measure,

The domestic consumer is now paying
for the cost of importing oil or paying the
equivalent to Sasol. The consumer is also

ving almost as much in taxes — about
Teor e in one way or another, as was
paid before March, 1983,

The increase in the petrol price repre-
sents the kind of action and fiscal respon-
sibility that makes governments very un-
popular but because it is unpopular it
usually impresses financial markets and
especially dealers in foreign exchange.

It is presumed that governments who
are vvilling to tax will not resort to print-
ing money to finance their expenditure.
‘Therefore, inflation can be expected to be
low and currencies become more valu-

able.

‘The South African government has ef-
fectively reimposed a very high rate of
tax on Petrol with significant effects on
the total budget outlook. But as yet it has
not been seen to-have won any greater
Tespect from the foreign exchange and
capital markets.

Winning respect and confidence in the
ability of the rand to appreciate is essen-
tial for our economic wellbeing. If the
rand does no more than hold its current
very low value, interest rates will come
down in line with interest rates abroad
and the ex led recovery pil be ac:
companied by a recovery, a rom low
levels, of domestic demat

This recovery need not be artificially

. delayed and can take place as soon as the

rand is expected to stabilise. And when
the rand stabilises, inflation will rise
sharply for a year but then will come
down Significantly and approximate in-
flation in the currencies against which
the rand holds its own.

. , It will take further continuous declines

in the foreign exchange value of the rand
to keep prices rising at the rates they will
rise over the next 12 months, which I
assume to be about 18% within 8 months,

The further decline in the value of the
rand must and can be avoided and can
occur with a recovery in the economy.
The rand fell not only because the dollar
strengthened and the price of gold fell.

It depreciated because of a profound
lack of confidence in South African eco-
nomic management. It appeared to the
dealers in foreign exchange that South

3400/680

94

* issues, and

: Africa’ was permanently heading for
much higher rates of inflation.

My view is that the rand has been
heavily oversold, that while the govern-
ment spends too much, it is able to
finance its expenditure by raising taxes.

Other governments, which spend rela-
tively more and borrow relatively more,
succeed in controlling money supply a
whole lot better than we have.

They do so by setting targets for money
sup| iy and by preventing demands for
bank credit, leading to increases in de-
mands from their central banks, which in
turn leads to faster money supply growth.
It is this lesson that South Africa has
failed to learn.

Moreover, when money supply is ex-
pected to be under control, interest rates
are much lower because inflation is ex-
pected to be much lower. The problem
with money supply control in South
Africa has ‘been technical rather than
Political.

Direct control could have relieved the
pressure on the rand, but unless the fun-

lamentals are right and cted to be
right, controls inevitably fail.

Moreover, controls need controllers
who have interests of their own, which
are not necessarily consistent with the
interests of society at large. Controls not
only encourage corruption, but poor eco-
nomic decisions.

It is not so much inflation but the pano-
ply of direct controls and accompanying
corrupt bureaucratic maze that distin-
Suishes, if that is the word, the banana
republics,

Commitment by the authorities to

. Money suppl targets plus commitment

© to long-run plans for government expen-
diture and borrowing requirements is
fundamental for the rand’s recovery,
lower interest rates and less inflation,
once Brees have moved to what would
then be high levels, but from which fur-
ther price increases would be much
smaller.

The authorities by their deeds and by
demonstrating their understanding of the

ig sensitive to the concerns
of all those involved in the economy, can
make such commitments credible and
transform the outlook for the economy.

Miracles are certainly not necessary
nor are further sacrifices by South Afri-
can consumers called for. Moderately
feed management would be sufficient,

it belief that merely moderately good

‘policies will be applied is essential.


BURKINA

FINANCIAL BACKERS MEET TO DISCUSS ROAD PROJECT
AB271753 Ouagadougou Domestic Service in French 1300 GMT 27 Feb 85

[Text] Financial backers for the Djibo-Dori-Falagountou road project have
been meeting since this morning to discuss how to finance it, The meeting,
which is taking place in the conference hall of the Ministry of Equipment,
has brought together representatives of the FRG, Yugoslavia, the African
Development Bank, UNDP, the United Nations Capital Development Fund, the
United Nations Sahelian Office [UNSO], and of the Office for the Implementa-
tion of UN Projects, The Djibo-Dori-Falagountou 237-kilometer-—long road,
which will help to free the Sahelian region of our country from its land-
locked situation, will be a modern earth road [en terre moderne].

In his address at the opening of the meeting, Equipment Minister Comrade Jean
Leonard Compaore said that the meeting was to take stock of the progress made
so far concerning the discussions on the project and to get from the finan-
cial backers the pledge for implementing it. The meeting follows many others
held beginning October 1984 concerning the same project, Comrade Compaore
helped that at the end of the meeting our friends, the financial backers,
would come out with concrete suggestions for the construction of the road.

Martin (Baoma), UNSO representative and deputy chairman of the deliberations,
spoke on behalf of all the financial backers and said that their objective

was to construct the entire Djibo-Dori-Falagountou road. The meeting is
expected to end tomorrow afternoon.

CSO: 3419/293

16


MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

FLOOD RELIEF APPEAL-~Floods in the province of Sofala in central Mozambique
have left about 130,000 people without their food crops. The floods
affected people living in the valleys of the Zambezi, Pungue, Buzi and
Sabi Rivers. An. estimated 14,000 hectares of small farms belonging to
peasants have been destroyed in these valleys. The government's natural
disasters department says Sofala Province urgently needs about 14,000

tons of ‘basic foodstuffs to help the flood victims. The department adds
that the peasants also need about 1,000 tons of corn and other seeds for
the next planting season. [Text] [Maputo in English to Southern Africa
1100 GMT 24 Feb 85]

PRC SHIP DOCKS--The ship "Kota Petani".which arrived from the PRC, has
been docked at the port of Beira for the past few days unloading an
important donation given to our country by the Chinese Government. The
gift is worth more than 78,000 contos and includes school and sport
equipment, agricultural tools, and an assortment of consumer goods.
[Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT 24 Feb 85]

cso: 3400/652

45



SOUTH AFRICA

CSIR PRESIDENT ON TECH CHALLENGE
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 31 Jan 85 pp 18, 20
{CSIR Special Survey]

{Text ]

Being the President of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research is, in many
ways, like being Principal of a University. It is certainly a function of co-ordination,
guidance and administration. A working post without doubt, that requires a man of
diplomacy. But more than that, it is a post that demands a man of vision.

Man at the helm Dr Chris Garbers, is certainly that, and one can only be impressed;

by his grasp of everything

the CSIR stands for, its po-

sition in the life of South

Africa and its role ina dy-

namic future,

For Dr Garbers, the

CSIR represents a key to
wealth that can help pro-
vide the jobs required by

an ever growing popula- ,

tion in an increasingly
competitive world.

It is the Research and «

Development laboratory
devoted to industries of the
southern African continent

and a major bridge builder ;

to science and technology
world wide.

In an exclusive inter- |

view Dr Garbers gave
some off-the-cuff answers
to several key questions.

How does he see the fu-
ture role and direction of
the CSIR in relation to in-
dustry?

“If industry wants to
stay competitive,’” he an-
‘swered, ‘“‘it has to keep
pace with the‘industrial na-
tions on a high level of sci-
ence and technology. This
is where the CSIR can play
its role of keeping people

moving on the cutting edge
of development world
wide.

“So if I look to the fu-
ture, I would say industry
is going to become more
technologically advanced
and there will be a greater
need for organisations such
as the CSIR. Within the
CSIR we will have to strike
a healthy balance between

. the applied and fundamen-

tal sides of science and
technology. By involve-
ment in fundamental work
and with the necessary
sensitivity, people will be
in an excellent position to
make meaningful contri-

butions to the applied side. ;

“The problems which

will confront us in the fu- :

ture will be far more com-
plex and difficult to solve
than those we have had to
face before.

“Consequently, it will ,

not be the task of one in-

dividual anymore, but a_

multidisciplinary team ap-
proach to problem solving
by mobilising the best

available expertise on ana-

tional basis.””

90

Historically, Dr Gar-
bers pointed out, the CSIR
has worked closely with the
universities in the sciences
and applied sciences and
this has built up a good deal
of expertise and reséarch
capacity. Many major
challenges are now tackled
as joint development proj-
ects between the CSIR, the

universities and industry ,

and he foresees a strength-

ening of this approach in :

* future.

Engineering Week asked
Dr Garbers what are the
most significant areas for
research? Does South Af-

rica have any natural re-

sources other than minerals
that she can exploit?

This is a difficult ques-
tions to answer, admitted
Dr Garbers, due to the fact
that this country is a high-
technology society caught
between the First and Third
worlds with excessive de-
mands for development.

”““Bvéry country of the
less developed southern
hemisphere is trying to sell
products in the advanced
markets of the northern


GHANA

ARMED FORCES TO TAKE OVER BORDER GUARD DUTY
Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English Jan 85 p 10

[Text] The armed forces are to take over the duties of border guards

to increase efficiency and help combat smuggling and external aggression,
the army's second infantry brigade commander, Colonel Seydou Ayouma, said
December 3; smuggling across the borders with Togo, Ivory Coast and Burkina
Faso is on the increase.

Colonel Ayouma said the merger is in line with current restructuring
exercise within the armed forces. He also announced that soon the 3rd

Battalion at Suyani will be made responsible for the training of cadet
corps in second cycle institutions in the area.

cso: 3400/600

28


SOUTH AFRICA

EFFORT TO INCREASE FUEL OUTPUT NOTED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 Jan 85 p 1

[Text] In spite of the world oil glut and fears that crude might fall to
$10 a barrel from the current $29--South Africa is to increase its indig-
enous fuel production.

Louw Alberts, Director-General of Mineral and Energy Affairs, told Business
Times yesterday that SA had a strategic policy to produce "above a certain
fraction" of its fuel needs.

Mossel Bay

This, and the fuel stockpile, which was used for the first time last year,
would protect SA from embargoes.

Fuel consumption, said Dr Alberts, had risen by 50% since Sasol 2 and 3
were planned. Sasol was now producing less than the required fraction of
SA's fuel needs,

This meant that not only the Mossel Bay project but synthetic fuel schemes,
including proposals by AECI, Anglovaal and Gencor, would receive serious
consideration,

“We are looking at three proposals apart from Mossel Bay and I would be sur-
prised if one or two schemes were not completed in the next decade,

“Even though it has forgone its 3,6c a litre subsidy, Sasol will make wind-
fall profits out of the latest fuel price. These will enable it to pay off
loans to the Government. The’ Government can use this money to fund further
projects,"

Determined

Dr Alberts said a decision on Mossel Bay would be taken in mid-year after the
multi-million rand feasibility study was completed.

The decision to step up indigenous fuel production, even though synthetic fuel
cost more than imported crude, was purely strategic, Even though only a low
rand could make these projects economic, the Government's determination to
increase indigenous production did not indicate a lack of confidence in the
rand,

CSO: 3400/680 128


BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

BOMB PARTICIPANTS SEEK ASYLUM--The office of the president said today that the
two men who on Wednesday morning escaped the bomb attack in Gaboroné have
decided to leave the country and seek asylum elsewhere. The office of the
president has also revealed the name of the other man who was staying with

Mr Nat Serache. He is (Gabriel Pule), a South African national. In a news
release, the office of the president said Mr (Pule) entered Botswana from

South Africa on Tuesday, 12 February, the day before the bomb incident, for the
purpose of seeking political asylum. ‘The release says that both Mr. Serache

and Mr (Pule) have decided to leave Botswana in view of the serious threat to
their lives. The office of the president has expressed great concern of the
Botswana Government at the attempt on the lives of the two refugees and strongly
condemned those responsible for what it termed the callous and treacherous act.
Meanwhile, police investigations into the bomb incident have not so far produced
any tangible results. The investigations are continuing. [Text] [Gaborone
Domestic Service in English 1610 GMT 15 Feb 85]

ILLEGAL BORDER CROSSINGS--Bulawayo--At least 365 people were caught trying
to cross the Botswana-Zimbabwe border illegally last year, a police spokes-
man said in Bulawayo. He said illegal border crossings had increased be-
cause the security fence separating the two countries had been broken.
“People tend to use any possible means to leave the country, but usually they
sneak across on foot." Relations between the security. authorities of the
two countries were good, with Botswana immigration authorities sometimes hand~
ing over people found crossing the border illegally, he said. Most illegal
crossings were made to seek employment or buy food, but sometimes criminals
were caught trying to escape arrest. [Text] [Johannesburg THE. CITIZEN in
English 14 Feb 85 p 15]

cso: 3400/661

12


NAMIBIA

DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR KUDU GAS FIELD REVEALED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Jan 85 pp 1, 2
fArticle by Neil Hooper and Alan Soule/

[Text] SOEKOR has been given the go-ahead to develop a multi-billion-rand
gasfield off the coast of South West Africa/Namibia--after the Government
had kept the discovery a secret for 10 years.

The gas find is rated among the world's biggest and experts estimate that
reserves worth R8 000-billion could be extracted and converted to fuel over
a period of 30 years.

The development plans were revealed yesterday by the managing director of
Soekor, Dr Piet van Zijl, and confirmed by a spokesman for the Department
of Foreign Affairs.

The Sunday Times first revealed the existence of the massive Kudu field
on December 23 after obtaining a copy of a study of West Coast oil prospects
by a Johannesburg stockbroker.

According to the report, the Kudu field could meet between 30-and 65-percent
of South Africa's fuel requirements.

It estimated that, with fuel from the gasfield off Mossel Bay and that
produced by Sasol, Kudu could make South Africa self-sufficient.

But the report added: "Political considerations have to date prevented any
firm arrangements."

Now, with the Government apparently committed to South West Africa becoming
independent Namibia, these political factors have fallen away.

The field was discovered in'1974 after an American company, Chevron, had
sunk a well 120km off the mouth of the Orange River.

56


SOUTH AFRICA ACCEPTS JAPANESE FREEZE ON COAL PRICE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Feb 85 p 13

[Article by Daryl Gibson]

[Text]

CSO:

3400/680

TOKYO — South African coal
suppliers have accepted price
freezes on coal for shipment to
Japan, coal sources*in Japan
said yesterday.

Total Exploration, exporter of
Ermelo coal from the Trans-
vaal, agreed with the Electric
Power Development Corp
(EDPC) to keep 1985 prices at
$33,90 a tonne, the same as last
year and matching a freeze on
Rietspruit coal.

Ermelo shipments to Japan
are expected to be 180000
tonnes to EDPC, 100000 tonnes
to Chugoku Electric Power,
110 000 tonnes to Hokuriku Elec-
tric Power and 300 000 tonnes to
Mitsubishi Mining and Cement,

all essentially unchanged from
last year.

Rietspruit shipments are ex-
pected to be 240000 tonnes to
EDPC and 100 000 tonnes to Mit-
subishi.

The Transvaal Coal Owners’
Association, suppliers of Wit-
bank thermal coal to the Japa-
nese, accepted a similar price
freeze on their exports, but con-
ditional on volume matching or
surpassing the 2,6 million tonnes
delivered in fiscal 1984.

Sources said the Witbank deal
is for $41,50 a long ton, and
added the two sides initialled a
15-year contract which will re-
place the current contract set to
expire on April 1 1987.

Details of the new contract
will be decided prior to the ex-
piration of the old one, the
sources said.

The Japanese suggest that the
freezes came because of the de-
cline in the rand against the, US
dollar, which means returns at
home will be substantial even
though the price remains un-
changed.

125

SOUTH AFRICA



DU PLESSIS DEFENDS GOVERNMENT'S IDEOLOGICAL EXPENDITURE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 4

[Text]

cSO:

HOUSE OF _ REP-
RESENTATIVES. —
There was no denying
the implementation of
the Government’s
ideological policies was
costing money and
that, on paper, a one-
man one-vote system
was the cheapest, the
Minister of Finance,
Mr Barend du Plessis,
said.

The point was that such
B system would lead to
Chaos and his Govern-
ment had no intention of
making the same mistakes
the rest of Africa had, he
said in his reply to debate
in the House of Rep-
resentatives on the sec-
ond reading of the Part
Appropriation Bill.

The Minister was re-
sponding to Criticism ear-
lier from members that
the poor state of the econ-
omy was partly due to
ideological expenditure
by the Government.

“There is not one pol-
itical party in South Afri-
ca whose policies will not
cost money and on paper,
‘one-man one-vote is sure-
ly the cheapest, but mem-
bers themselves have ar-

3400/660

gued here today that this
is not the way.””

This was why looking at
the cost of a system with-
out considering whether it
would solve the problems
would have to be guarded
against.

Believe

“The system we are
embarking on now will
cost money, but we firmly
believe that it is well
worth it,” Mr Du Plessis
said.
“The other way (one
man one vote) would lead
to chaos.”

The Government had
made many faults, politi-
cal and others, in the past
and it was certain there
would be more in the fu-
ture, but it was deter-
mined, to the best of its
ability, not to make the
same mistakes again.

Ideological expenditure
was always the easiest to
attack when the argument
of cutting costs came up.
But it was historic that a
platform had been cre-

ated whereby, for the first
time in the. history of
South Africa, a Minister
of Finance could sit and
hear directly what the re-
quirements of the
Coloured people were.

“I would not want this
ball game to be kicked off
‘on a note of animosity,”
Mr Du Plessis said.

He gave the assurance
the Government would
do everything it could to
run the country's econ-
omy so as to meet the
needs of all the people,
but warned that “things

109

SOUTH AFRICA

cannot just happen over-
night”.

Referring to a speech
by Mr Charles Redcliffe
(LP, Schauderville), Mr
Du Plessis said his point
that the country’s econ-
omy “must come right to
support reform” was vi-
tally important.

“In times of economic

stress people start doubt-
ing their own future and
become hesitant to sup-
port reform.
: “Reform is a very risky
business because the pro-
cess of necessity includes
a degree of instability
among the community,
and the Government has
to rely heavily on the trust
of voters to achieve its
ends without disrupting
the order of society.”

Mr Du Plessis said no
deadline or time-scale
could be put to the pro-
cess of reform, because
this would be a “grave in-
sult” to those being nego-
tiated and consulted with,
as it implied it was
already decided what the
end result would be.



ANC MEMBER TELLS COURT ABOUT ORGANIZATION, TRAINING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Feb 85 p 9

[Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text]

DURBAN. — The
African National Con-
gress gave instructions
after two cross-border
raids by the South
African Defence Force
into Lesotho and Mo-
zambique that “soft”
targets should be at-
tacked in South Africa
in reprisal for the
raids.

This evidence was
given in the College Road
Supreme Court, Pieter-
maritzburg,- by Sipho
Xulu (25) who was con-
victed of murder in the
court yesterday, together
with Clarence Payi (20),
by Mr Justice J Kriek and
two assessors.

Xulu under —_cross-
examination from Mr Les
Roberts, SC, the deputy
Attorney-General of Na-
tal who is prosecuting for
the State, said after the

SADF attacked an ANC
base at Matola in Mozam-

bique in which 13 people
were killed, and after the
Defence Force attacked
an ANC base in Maseru,
Lesotho, in which 43
people were killed, the
ANC ordered that “soft”
targets like restaurants
where soldiers went
should be blown up.

“They said if there
were civilians there, it
was purely incidental,”
Xulu said.

Earlier, Xulu admitted
killing a Black conscious-
ness leader, Mr Ben
Langa, at his home at
Georgetown on the night
of May 20, last year, be-
cause “I hated the man
after he had become a
sell-out. to the ANC
cause”,

Xulu, a short man, de-
scribed how he was given
instructions by the Com-
mander-in-Chief _Intelli-
gence, of the ANC, to
“eliminate” Mr Langa in
Swaziland shortly before
arriving back in South
Africa after undergoing
training in Angola, East
Germany and Swaziland.

Xulu, who comes from
Sobantu township, Pieter-
maritzburg, described
how the Chief of Intelli-
gence had told him while
travelling in a car to the
South African border,
that he should “elimi-
nate” Mr Langa.

“I was shattered be-
cause it was Ben Langa
who recruited me to join
the ANC in 1982 when
the police were looking
for me in Pietermaritz-
burg.

“I asked the ANC of-
ficial why Langa was to be
eliminated and he replied
that Langa had led three
potential ANC recruits to
their deaths. The ANC
officer told me that he
was a traitor to the cause

111

SOUTH AFRICA


Court Move To Evict Mine Strikers

(Stephane Bothma; THE CITIZEN, 21 Feb 85) teeeccoccesens

Mine Spokesman Denies Force Used on Rietspruit Strikers

(THE CITIZEN, 20 Feb 85) ..cscccceceusseccceseeevencece

South Africa Accepts Japanese Freeze on Coal Price

(Daryl Gibson; THE STAR, 25 Feb 85) Dee eeeeeecceeesenee

Coal Prospecting in Natal 'Corridor'

(THE CITIZEN, +20 Feb 85) Dee e eee meee reer ane eeeeeneeene

Opencast Operations Bear Brunt of Fuel Hike

Effort

(Tom McCuaig; MINING WEEK, 30 Jan 85) ..sccccseseecccece

To Increase Fuel Output Noted :
(SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Jan 85) dee eee eee eteeeeeeeesttieeees

Self-Sufficiency in Oil Sought

Briefs

SWAZILAND

(David Furlonger; RAND DAILY MAIL, 25 Jan 85) .ecesesees

339 Detained During 1984

Labor Disputes

Deficit of $192-Million Expected
Miners Re-Employment Denied

UK Miners

Du Plessis on Cuts

Du Plessis on Farmers' Subsidies
Trade Union Leader Held

Record Season for Wool Farmers
Swedish Ban on Loans

Court Told of Armed Attack
Pretoria Praised for Civil Defence
Retrenchments in Sugar’ Industry
Illegal Strike Ends After Ultimatum
PFP Leader on Urban Blacks
Lennings Exports

Sulzer's Engineering

ANC Condemns Raids

Trade With Japanese Firm

Reasons Behind Closer Collaboration With RSA Analyzed

Health

(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 23 Jan 85) .

Minister Cites Students' Strike, U.S. Aid
(Mbabane Television Service, 21 Feb BS) ec es cece ceseceeees

121

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127

128

129

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131
131
131
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132
132
132
133
133
133
134
134
134
135
135
135
135
136

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139


SOUTH AFRICA

CSIR ECONOMIC BENEFITS, SERVICES, CONTACTS REPORTED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 31 Jan 85 pp 18, 21

[CSIR Special Survey]

[Text]

by the institutes on expected benefits (ie additional in-
come and savings for the country) accruing to companies
and communities if thé full benefits of recently completed
work by the CSIR are realised. The figure? R680 625 000
a year.

This amount is based only on instances where esti-
mates on quantified benefits are available. It does not:
include benefits which have not yet been made available
or quantified, nor does it include estimates on figures
where it is not possible to quantify benefits. :

The latter include benefits for which figures on the |

* additional income or savings derived from research and!
other scientific and technological activities and services :
are not available or where such benefits are of a non-
economic nature. .

Calculations include benefits from a large variety of
areas such as building research, road and road safety
research, water research, technological and industrial
research and energy related research.

Services Department
The ESD is responsi-

Keeping pace with the
ever growing needs for
office space, laboratory
accommodation and pro-
viding a diversity of very
highly specialised serv-
ices for scientists and
technicians is no easy
task.

At CSIR it falls to the
Estate Service Depart-
ment to provide its own
particular brand of ex-
pertise, without which the

vast complex in Pretoria ©

could not function.

ble for the provision of
accommodation and
services to the rest of the
CSIR. In order to meet
its obligations, ESD ar-
ranges for the design and
construction of new fa-
cilities and additions and
alterations to existing
buildings, the supply of
electricity, water and
compressed air, the pro-

- vision of telephones, the

repair and maintenance
to buildings and services,

88

Since its inception in 1945 the Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research has become an integral part of the _
scientific fabric of the nation. But in all its years of
existence just how much has this complex multi-disci-
plinary organisation contributed in terms of solid eco-
nomic payback?

This is the sort of question dear to the hearts of Cabinet
Ministers and newsmen alike and not surprisingly a pre-
liminary quantification was undertaken by H P ‘‘Hoffie’’
Hofmeyr, head of Research Economics in the Infor-
mation and Research Services.

Rather like Sir Isaac Newton, determining the value
of gold in the 17th century, the resulting figures depend
‘on many factors, variables and assumptions which will
have to be carefully equated in realistic terms to provide

‘the full picture.

The tentative figure for the overall gross benefit an-

ticipated was, however, derived from figures supplied

security services, clean-
ing services and catering
services to meet the needs
of the research groups.

While the Department
uses architects and con-
sulting engineers for the
final design of buildings
and facilities, the inter-
pretation of the users’ re-
quirements into a brief for
the consultants is carried
out internally.

When redding the pa-
pers on the activities and
services offered by the

institutes and laborato-
ries of the CSIR, it is well
to remember that the
back-up accommodation
and services are provided
and maintained by the
Estate Services Depart-
ment.

Based on its practical
experience, the Depart-
ment is able to offer as-
sistance in the design of
laboratory and testing fa-
cilities, the creation of
Specialised conditions and
the provision of speci-
alised services.


DOE URGED TO LET OPPONENTS HAVE CHANCE
London TALKING DRUMS in English 4 Feb 85 p 4

[Text]

Every passing day, General Samuel Kanyon Doe confirms
the anxieties often expressed about his
how he intends to transform them into reality.

In spite of all indications to the contrary, Gen Doe
persists in claiming that he wants to usher in an era of
democratic rule in Liberia. Given that democracy is one of
those words and concepts open to widely varying forms of
interpretation, he is still taking a peculiarly strange way
of bringing about democracy in Liberia.

To begin with, he has turned a deat ear to all
arguments that he gives himself too big an advantage by
not resigning as Head of State to fight the elections.
Having decided to stay on with all the advantages of
incumbency, he does not even want to allow the liberty of

being treated as a candidate.

It is quite true that many African leaders have a great
difficulty separating their own identitie:
they govern, making it impossible for even the mi
forms of criticisms to be made about their actions and
personal lifestyles without being accused of subversion

and treason.

The truth however remains that Gen Doe cannot really
have it both ways — if, as he insists, he wants to be the
leader that brings in democratic rule to Liberia, he will
have to accept the indignities that come with it. If he says
that there will be free and fair elections in his country, he
will have to play by the rules, he will have to accept that
there are others of his countrymen who disagree with his
ideas, who believe that they are better qualified for the
position of President of Liberia, he will have to accept
that once you have offered yourself as leader, you cannot
come with it.

Doe such a

avoid the scrutiny and criticisms that

lf every time somebody criticises Gen
person is guilty of causing instability or subversion or
trying to ridicule or belittle the presidency, the handicap
that the other leadership aspirants already have, will

become veritable impossible tasks.

33

ambitions and

s from the states

LIBERIA



In slamming the increases, Tusca said in a Press statement: "For all the
unemployed, retrenched and lowly paid workers these increases are yet another
body blow aimed at their very survival".

Political Folly

It described the increases announced by the Government as "acts of economic
sabotage and political folly of the grossest magnitude".

"Tusca believes the Government must have so completely lost touch with real-
ity that they just do not understand that the people of South Africa just have
no more resources to cope with any further increases in the cost of living-~-
at a time when the Government itself is going ahead with reckless spending on
grandoise and ideological schemes".

The statement said the Government would reap "a bitter harvest" as a result.

The Chief Executive of the South African Chamber of Industries (FCI), Dr J G
van Zyl said, "the generally low average percentage increase announced by the
Minister masks some significant heights for specific commodities, passenger
transport and road haulage rates".

"These will have an adverse impact on these sectors and the economy as a
whole," Dr Van Zyl said.

Both Assocom and the FCI called for a more open transport sector.

The Automobile Association welcomed the fact that petrol was excluded from
the increase in railway tariff increases.

The Government has come to recognise "the iniquity of the excessively high
charge for the conveyance of petroleum products by pipeline," a spokesman
for the AA said yesterday.

The President of the National Maize Producers Organisation (Nampo), Dr Piet
Gouws, described the relatively low increases in the maize transportation
tariffs as "good news--it could have been much worse".

"At last it seems as if people are starting to listen to us. We cannot carry
on like this--the Government-led price increases are killing agriculture,"
said Dr Gouws.

He said he did not think there would be an increase in the price of maize as
a result of the tariff increases.

CSO: 3400/660

120


CHILE SEEN AS EXPORT MARKET

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 31 Jan 85 pp 2, 4

[Text]

Despite Chile’s -admitted
economic’ and political
problems, there is the ex-
citing prospect of that
country becoming South
Africa’s” major. export
market in Latin Americain
1985, according to John
Bell, MD of export spe-
cialist Breyer Develop-
ment Services.

‘Writing exclusively for
EngineeringWeek from
Santiago, Bell notes: ‘In-
stead of being limited to a
few predictable commod-
ities, our exports to Chile
‘consist of more than 150
different items, by far the
largest percentage of Which
comprises SA-engineerad
products.

“The major oportumth

ties lie in the fields of mia-
ing, and the railway,
fishing and industrial sec-
tors?
“Major development
plans have. been an-
nounced by Codelco, the
world’s: largest copper
producer; by ENAMI, a
group of smaller mines; by
Soquimich, the world’s
largest nitrate producer;
and by certain privately
owned mines,

The value of these proj-
ects is in the region of
RS 000-million at today's
exchange rate. ~,

The State railway, Fer:

95

plan for inveStment in rail-
way installations and
equipment which holds
good opportunities for
South African suppliers.

The fishing industry, in
which South African in-
vestment is already sub-
stantial, is doing well, and
continuing expenditure in
this sector is expected.

Perhaps of widest inter-
est, Bell says, isthe op-
portunity to supplement the
production of Chilean in-
dustry.

The general rate of im-
port duty does not discrim-
inate against importers of
finished products, and
Chilean manufacturers are
of the opportunity to in-
crease their turnover by
importing products they
cannot produce them-
selves for reasons of cost

It, thereforé, makes good
sense for a local supplier
to co-operate with a South
African counterpart and
offer a wider, more so-
phisticated product

© Kohler, South Africa’s

SOUTH AFRICA



MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

MADAGASCAR-BP COAL ACCORD--Mr Tantely Rene Andrainarivo, the minister of industry,
energy, and mining, and Mr (Chadwick), general manager of British Petroleum

Coal, signed an accord worth $550 million for research and feasibility studies
into coal exploration in the southwest region of Madagascar. This joint venture,
which has an annual production goal of 4 to 5 million tons of coal, is based on
51 percent participation by Madagascar and 49 percent participation by British
Petroleum Coal, and it will employ a maximum of Malagasy personnel. [Summary ]
[Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 1030 GMT 17 Feb 85 MBI

CsO: .3419/284

36