286083

JPRS 84124

15 August 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2832

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SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No, 2832

JPRS 84124

15 August 1983

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

BENIN

CONGO

Angolan Students' Life on Isle of Youth Described

(Mauricio Makemba , Luis Fernando; JORNAL DE ANGOLA,

11, 12 May 83) 1

Paulo Jorge on Cooperation With Portugal, Spain

(TEMPO, 23 Jun 83) 6

Difficulties Surrounding Possible MPLA-UNITA Agreement Discussed

(0 DIABO, 28 Jun 83) 7

Briefs

UNITA Claims in Cuima, Huambo 8

UNITA Accused of Massacre 8

France Detains TAAG Plane 8

UNITA Claims 9

UNITA Communique 9

Editorial on UNITA 9

Lubota on MPLA-UNITA Negotiations 10

Foreign Minister's 5-Day Visit 10

Norwegians Explore for Oil in Cotonou

(Flemming Dahl; AFTENPOSTEN, 29 Jun 83) 11

Briefs

Price Disagreement With Nigeria 15

S0NAC0 May Become Joint State-Private Enterprise

(MWETI, 7 Jul 83) ... ... 16

Results of PSF-PCT Meeting in Paris Noted

(BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L

1ACT, 5 Jul 83) 18

- a - [III - NE & A - 120]
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Briefs

Spanish Presence 20

More Friction With Spain 20

ETHIOPIA

Eritrean Liberation Front Leader Interviewed

(Dag Leraan; ARBEIDERBLADET, 8 Jul 83) 21

GHANA

Government Explains VALCO Deadlock

(Nii K. Bentsi-Enchill; WEST AFRICA, 11 Jul 83) 24

Political Situation Assessed in Wake of Coup

(WEST AFRICA, 11 Jul 83) 26

Briefs

Blacksmiths To Assist Farmers 29

Assistance for Gold Welcome 29

Education Campaign Studies Budget 29

Allied Foods Meeting 29

Idle Cotton 30

1983 Budget Revisions 30

LESOTHO

Briefs

6-Month Entry Endorsement 31

LIBERIA

Briefs

Civilian Rule Timetable, Financing 32

MOZAMBIQUE

Mozambique Bank Official on Cooperation

(EXPRESSO, 16 Jul 83) 34

NIGERIA

Political Situation in Gongola State Described

(Haruna Izah; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 3 Jul 83) 38

Briefs

Kaduna PT Strike 41

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Briefs

Cooperation With Cuba 42

- b -
SOUTH AFRICA

Threat to S. Africa, Central America Compared

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 20 Jul 83) 43

ANC Leadership's Objectives Detailed

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 6 Jul 83) 45

AFRIQUE-ASIE Exocet Production Charge Termed 'Rubbish'

(THE CAPE TIMES, 22 Jul 83) 49

Public Workers Irate Over Parliament Pay Raise

(Gerald Reilly; RAND DAILY MAIL, 19 Jul 83) 50

Johannesburg on Zimbabwe's Communist Ties

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 15 Jul 83) 52

Norwegian Shippers Revealed To Be Important in Oil Importing

(Trygve Monsen; AFTENPOSTEN, 8 Jul 83) 53

Dawie Column on Broederbond Crisis

(DIE BURGER, 6 Jul 83) 55

Goals of Development Bank of Southern Africa Outlined

(DIE VOLKSBLAD, 30 Jun 83) 58

Need for More Nuclear Power Plants Voiced

(BEELD, 5 Jul 83) 63

Bophuthatswana's Soldiers Train for Antiterrorism

(Gert Coetzee; BEELD, 5 Jul 83) 64

Value of Namibia/Angola Buffer Zone Discussed

(DIE AFRIKANER, 6 Jul 83) 66

Appeal for Afrikaner Unity on Colored Problem Voiced

(Piet Müller; BEELD, 7 Jul 83) 68

Köhler Issue Represents Victory for Unions

(Phil Mtimkulu; SOWETAN, 29 Jul 83) 71

Drought in Transkei: Worst in Memory

(THE CAPE TIMES, 25 Jul 83) 72

Spread of 'Cartel Disease' Criticized

(Jane Arbous; THE CAPE TIMES, 22 Jul 83) 73

Briefs

Buthelezi Scores Violence 74

Principal Removed From Soweto School 74

Sabra Chief's Comments Scored 75

Progress in Processing ID Applications 75

Kwandebele Minister on Heunis Announcement 75

- c -
Muslims to Mecca 76

BAMCWU Recruitment Drive 76

Tshabalala Hits Assassins 76

SAAWU Men Held 76

TANZANIA

Jumbe Announces Measures To Stengthen Zanzibar's Economy

(DAILY NEWS, 14 Jul 83) 77

Government Plans New Drive To Ensure Ministries' Move to Dodoma

(DAILY NEWS, 12 Jul 83) 78

Deputy Defense Minister Notes JKT Plans, Achievements

(Willie Chiwango; DAILY NEWS, 12 Jul 83) 79

Minerals Ministry Presents 1983, 1984 Estimates

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 15 Jul 83) 81

TWICO Enters Joint Venture With PRC Firm To Set Up Sawmill

(SUNDAY NEWS, 17 Jul 83) 82

Manpower Development Ministry Presents 1983, 1984 Estimates

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 17 Jul 83) 83

Statistics Bureau Completes 1978 Population Census Analysis

(DAILY NEWS, 16 Jul 83) 84

Nyerere Opens Brazilian Built Morogoro-Dodoma Highway

(Attilio Tagalile; SUNDAY NEWS, 17 Jul 83) 85

Deputy Minister Notes Factors Delaying THB Loans to Zanzibar

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 18 Jul 83) 86

TCA Manager Notes Steps To Overcome Cotton Growing Problems

(DAILY NEWS, 18 Jul 83) 87

More Than Five Thousand Jobless Register in Dar es Salaam

(Tiruhungwa Michael; DAILY NEWS, 18 Jul 83) 88

TPDC Manager Says Crude Oil Supplies Will Last Six Weeks

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 14 Jul 83) 89

UPPER VOLTA

Political Situation Continues to Smolder

(WEST AFRICA, No 3439, 11 Jul 83) , 90

ZAMBIA

National Assembly Speaker Lists Ban Against Paper's Reporters

(DAILY MAIL, 15 Jul 83) 92

- d -
ZCTU Accuses Government of Delaying Tactics

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 18 Jul 83) 93

Zambia-Zimbabwe Passenger Train Service Resumes

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 15 Jul 83) 94

DBZ To Offer Concessional Loan Terms To Prospective Investors

(DAILY MAIL, 16 Jul 83) 95

BOZ To Remit Part of Sum Belonging to International Airlines

(Ephraim Sumaili; DAILY MAIL, 18 Jul 83) 96

UNHCR Says Angola Border Security Situation Unsafe for Operations

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Jul 83) 97

Anti-Corruption Committee Probing Some 'Top-Level' Leaders

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jul 83) 98

Minister of State Reports on Civil Service Cuts

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jul 83) 99

Briefs

Immigration Officers Abducted 100

Closure of Mosque 100

Manpower Survey 100

ZIMBABWE

Canadians Hope for More Local Business Ventures

(BUSINESS HERALD, 21 Jul 83) 102

First Trade Agreement With Pakistan

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 15 Jul 83) 103

Manpower Planning, Development Minister /Criticises Capitalism . .

(THE HERALD, 16 Jul 83) 104

Briefs

Loan Agreement With FRG 105

British Military Trucks Purchase 105

Robberies Force Police Redeployment 105

e -
ANGOLA

ANGOLAN STUDENTS» LIFE ON ISLE OF YOUTH DESCRIBED

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11, 12 May 83

[Article by Mauricio Makemba and Luis Fernando]

111 May 83 p 3]

iExcerpt] The 2,445 Angolan students studying on the Isle of Youth are divided among the four schools (the so-called ESBEC) placed at the disposal of

the Angolan Government, name Dr Agostinho Neto, Saidy Mingas, Hoji Ya Henda

and Leogivildo Ramirez.

Life in the ESBEC

The Basic Secondary Schools of Teaching in the Countryside (ESBEC), have

everything we feel neeessary for modern teaching. The schools themselves

are giant complexes which lack for nothing, not even movie theaters. They

have large classrooms, multi-purpose laboratories, study rooms and libraries,

and auxiliary structures such as a cafeteria, a permanent medical post, a

music room well supplied with modern equipment, and recreational facilities

(for basketball, handball, boxing and gymnastics, the sports chosen by the

Angolan students).

The first 6 years of study in Cuba, for those who leave Angola after finishing

the fourth grade, are spent in the ESBEC. Upon reaching tenth grade—after

completing the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth grades, of coursestudents must leave the island in search of opportunities for higher educatxon

in Havana or outside of Cuba, depending whether or not the courses chosen

are offered in that country. For the most part, they opt for courses given

in Cuba in the many higher institutes which have been constructed. Students

from our country are studying in 13 of these institutes, majoring in diverse

areas of specialization/from electro technics to chemical engineering, wxth

economics, medicine and others in between.

Life in the ESBEC, planned in order to obtain maximum results from the scholarship students, is summarized by actions which aim to guarantee satisfactory

study conditions, maintain a permanent sense of patriotism in the students,

encourage the students to produce, and^live up to one of the maxims of

sport: "A sound mind in a sound body."
One can truly observe this in daily life. Rising from bed (very early, as

is usual in boarding schools where discipline and order reign) is followed

by a flag^raising ceremony. Soon afterward, there is breakfast, and the main

activities follow: classes for some and productive activity for others (this

consists of caring for the citrus trees which abound in the surroundings and

from which the students benefit greatly). In the afternoon, logically, the

activities are reversed: productive work for the first group and classes for

the second group.

At night, most of the students consolidate the knowledge acquired during the

day through group study. This practice has shown itself to be advantageous,

as concepts which were poorly assimilated by some students thus become understood. Those who prefer not to use the time set aside for group study for this

task can (and generally do) occupy it with relaxing activities such as going

tothe movies, without having to leave the school.

In general, everyone gives priority to group study over the individual and

entertainment. They do it for a reason, because the constant increase in

the level of scholarly improvement has been the motto of the students. Aside

from this, the awareness exists that "pulling" (to use the students' expression) high marks contributes to the collective success of the class, a factor

of great importance above all for the immediate results. It is simply that,

in accordance with the regulations, the class which is best (in output) in

a given week is rewarded. The possibility of an excursion to one of the most

enchanting beaches on the island has been one of the most sought-after rewards.

After we were informed of the existence of such incentives, we were not in

the least surprised to come across students "butting the books" (studying very

diligently} in student slang) very late into the night.

And, it is said, the general output has risen encouragingly with the advent

of group study. We were told that the number of failures has decreased significantly and everything possible has been done to reduce them to a minimum.

We were told that, aside from the scholarship students' growing interest in

and dedication to scholarly activities, the output which is expected in the

future depends on other factors. It will be imperative—this is one of the

factors—to exert efforts to assure the students' timely departure from

Angola when the vacation period is over. And why? "What has happened," they

told us, "is that they arrive on the island almost always after classes have

begun, there have been cases, even, of absense of up to a month and a half

or 2 months before their arrival"..

As a result, there is the late work, the difficulty in keeping up with the

class; in summary, a deficient scholastic output if a total recovery is not

possible. It is of note that the excellent climate of teacher-student

relations also contributes to the obtaining of good results. The students

have arrived at the conclusion that the teachers, students and staff of the

ESBEC are all part of the same chain, in a dialectic connection which cannot

be broken without the risk of compromising the success of the formative project being built on the Isle of Youth. This is what the Cuban teachers understand, this is what the Angolan teachers understand, this is what the most

conscientious students understand, and sooner or later, this is what the

still irresolute students will also understand....
112 May 83 p 3]

lArticle by Mauricio Makemba and Luis Fernando]

iText] The 15 days spent with our students in Cuba on the Isle of Youth permitted us to verify that which, upon leaving Angola, we know constituted

their reason for worry. We are referring to the correspondence maintained

between Angola and Cuba with family members. In general, the scholarship

students complain about the lack of regular contact with their families

without knowing who to blame.

As far as we know, there is a structure expressly created to watch over the

situation of the scholarship student overseas, an organ of the cabinet of the

president of the republic which has given its utmost. It does not seem fair

to us, for this very reason, to think that blame should fall on it for this

(partial) absence of correspondence with the students in Cuba. However, we

will not say the same for the Support Branch of the National Institute of

Study Grants, which among other things, is in charge of seeing that Angolan

newspapers and other publications are provided to the students. It has been

discovered that the students read about their country only very infrequently.

For this reason, there does not exist the minimum awareness that one would

expect of the transformations that have come about in Angola, of the involvement of the working class in the process of national reconstruction, of the

heroic feats of the courageous soldiers of the FAPLA IPeople's Armed Forces

for the Liberation of Angola] in defense of the homeland which has been

menaced by imperialism; in summary, the on-going situation in their own

country.

Returning to the subject of family correspondence, it might perhaps be more

prudent to admit that it is the families who are wrong, either through ignorance of the procedures that are used in sending mail to their student

children, or—possibly—because they simply do not write. Whatever the

explanation, correspondence with the students in Cuba is minimal, and this

creates in them a certain emotional imbalance. We believe that everyone basically understands how traumatic it can be to be separated by thousands and

thousands of kilometers from one's relatives, without knowing of their health,

of what is happening in the family, and even of possible deaths of loved

ones—sad occasions, it is true, but which still demand an almost obligatory

communication.

Thus, it is important that our scholarship students' families do not shirk

such a noble—even indispenable duty. This is exactly what they asked us,

almost begging, and their words should not (at least they do not deserve to)

fall on deaf ears. We will not forget today those who the country will need

in the future!

Since we are on the subject, it seems a good time to mention that the unconsctructive behavior adopted by some students is, in part, motivated by

this "neglect" which they feel.
xon

Separate the Wheat From the Chaff

We brought up, in the above paragraph, the undignified behavior of some of

the students on the island. In fact, this is a phenomenon which exists,

although not in a proportion which calls for panic.

This is what we think, because the problem has existed for quite awhile,

leaving only its solution, which obviously has to obey methods. Without

rashness, but also without condescensions of any kind. First of all, it is

necessary to go to the heart of the problem; to investigate why certain

students become involved in antischolastic activities (the stubborn refusal

to attend classes and other regular curricular activities, antisocial practices, etc.).

The unanimous opinion is that the violators of school regulations are individuals who have had behavioral problems starting at home, with an educatio„

(some of them) based on decadent principles, with little or almost no chance

of adapting to a new life in society, and (in most cases) they have a great

aversion to agricultural work.

"Some individuals came to Cuba because their parents wanted to get rid of

them," one student director told us.

It is hard for these youths (which only persistent reeducation can salvage)

to conceive of an infinity of perfectly normal facts as a result of their

careless education during childhood. For example, it does not seem normal

to them to connect study with production! It is hard for them to grasp

another example—understanding that, in a school, discipline has to exist.

They do not understand that this regulation, which they hate and violate,

was made for their own defense and in defense of group property, to define

the space of action for one and all; it even defines the extent of the students' rights and duties. They prefer anarchy, the law (if you can call it

that) of "no one orders anyone around," as if it could ever be possible to

live in this world without order, without a reasonably firm division of responsibilities, rights, and duties! This is why they ignore or pretend to

ignore what awaits them: the drastic measures of punishment. And these have

almost always meant the expulsion of the infractors because of the seriousness of their actions.

It should be noted, nevertheless, that the prevaricators are rarely expelled

without first having had a second chance. However, this opportunity is almost never taken advantage of, which attests to the bad character of those

commonly called "the undisciplined."

Faced with this unencouraging picture, the student directors in Cuba are selected very carefully from future scholarship students by INABE iNational

Institute for Study Grants]. In this way, not only will the good image of

the country be defended, but there will also be greater assurance of success

from the start. Those responsible for the students in the Republic of Cuba

also defend the necessity of punishing the students who are expelled in an

exemplary way, because, as they said, "the students here are ready to imitate

the 'undisciplined' simply because they know that nothing happens to them."

h
The Last Word

Close to the end of this report itLour series, in which we tried faithfully

to picture that which is the Isle of Youth to our Angolan scholarship students,

we must leave clear the conviction reinforced by this visit: that an important

chapter in our history as a nation is being written in Cuba. That in Cuba,

we are witnessing today one of the most impressive demonstrations of high

human sentiment, of which only proletarian internationalism has examples. To

say, finally, that in Cuba we saw proven the justice of a political and socioeconomic order which is the guarantee of happiness, cooperation and solidarity,

a factor in understanding and harmony among peoples: scientific socialism.

12353

CSO: 3442/274
ANGOLA

PAULO JORGE ON COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL, SPAIN

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 23 Jun 83 p 23

iText] Paulo Jorge, Angolan minister of foreign affairs, at the end of his

official visit to Spain, stated in a press conference that the ambassador in

Lisbon is to be appointed his country's non-resident diplomatic representative to the Spanish Government.

The Angolan minister, showing little tolerance regarding relations betwen

Angola, and Portugal, stated that during AD government period, these relations were normal, but could have been somewhat better if the former government had assumed the stand which, in his opinion," once assumes relative to

the Angolan presence and counterrevolutionary activities on Portuguese territory.

As for the future of these same relations, the minister stated that he did

not know the present Portuguese executive's foreign policy,program. "The

government has just been established," the minister added, "and, I believe

that only after we resume relations will we be able to see how these relations will develop."

In Spain, on concluding his visit, dominated by the discussion of bilateral

relations and Spanish participation, "in its national reconstruction endeavors," Paulo Jorge signed a technical and scientific and health agreement.

The minister, who would classify the official meetings with Madrid authorities as of a political nature falling within the economic area within the

framework of bilateral cooperation, "minimized the fact of having undertaken

this visit only now, despite diplomatic relations between the two countries

having been established in 1977.

We know, however, that a short term line of credit is anticipated on the part

of Spain for the development of various projects, cooperation in the fishing

area, technical assistance and personnel training. Projects are also under

consideration in the agricultural and industrial sectors, among others, textiles, footwear, construction and construction material.

We recall that the trade balance between Angola and Spain is now in Angola's

favor, which is considered normal, since Angola sells oil to Spain.

8870

CSO: 3442/281
ANGOLA

DIFFICULTIES SURROUNDING POSSIBLE MPLA-UNITA AGREEMENT DISCUSSED

Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 28 Jun 83 p 16

iText] There have emerged, especially in newspapers linked with "decolonization advocates," reports on a possible agreement between the Luanda government and UNITA, related to the withdrawal- of the Cuban troops from Angolan

soil. This departure of tens of thousands of occupiers who have heavy supplies,

missiles and jet bombers, would be given in exchange for the withdrawal of

South African troops from Namibia.

However, we are aware of the existence of several obstacles to such

agreements: on the one hand, with UNITA itself, which has no guarantee on the actual withdrawal of Cubans, capable of returning to

Angola if they limit themselves to regrouping in the Brazzaville Congo,

also without yet knowing if the MPLA will succeed in freeing itself from its

pro-Moscow stance in favor of a more moderate one. On the other hand, South

African military forces do not think it is time to withdraw from Namibia yet,

considering the present strong ties between SWAPO and the Kremlin: withdrawing from Windhoek, could not the Pretoria army just as easily return as the

Cubans in the vent of SWAPO hostile attitudes?

Furthermore, there still exists the Cabinda problem. How are they to come to

grips with the enclave question, knowing that it contains a large part of the

wealth which is now used to pay the Cuban occupiers? FLEC leaders, such as

Xavier Lubota, on the way to Lisbon, declared themselves against any agreement

which was limited to merging Cabinda without any special statute, in anAngolan

state, on whose politics the Cabindan people could not express their opinion;

and, in addition, Lubota promised an increase in armed operations against some

7,000 Cubans, stationed in the enclave, in fortified positions.

There is also the problem of knowing who will help in the reconstruction of

an Angola decimated by civil war. The personnel, experience and historical

memories go back to Portugal. It remains to be seen if Lisbon is politically

disposed in this regard. If not, there will always ensue stronger parallel

and clandestine arrangements.

8870

CSO: 3442/281
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA CLAIMS IN CUIMA, HUAMBO—In a communique circulated in Lisbon, UNITA

made known that its forces "are not only inflicting enormous defeats on the

FAPLA/Cuban coalition (government forces) in the country's southern and eastern

provincial centers in a spectacular advance to the north but are also engaged

in a sudden renewal of military operations. Among these, in the last few days,

stand out an attack on Cuima, an important socioeconomic center west of Huambo

(from New Lisbon), where they destroyed the military quarters, an electrical

power station with two generators and the municipal commissioner's office

installations. In the military quarters, they found a company of Cuban soldiers and two battalions of government forces," Also in Huambo Province,

according to the communique, special UNITA military forces totally destroyed

pumping installations and their respective conduits which supplied water to

the industrial brewery area located on the Huambo outskirts. In the first

of these operations, they burned 13 Star and TJral vehicles and captured 7

FAPLA soldiers besides a considerable amount of war materiel. IText] {Lisbon

TEMPO in Portuguese 23 Jun 83 p 27] 8870

UNITA ACCUSED OF MASSACRE—The Huambo MPLA-Labor Party Provincial Committee

yesterday, in Luanda, accused UNITA of having set fire to the Angolan locality

of Hungo and massacring its inhabitants. The MPLA official communique did

not specify the date on which the armed group attack by the organization which

Jonas Savimbi headed, occurred. It does, however, mention that the attackers

"burst into Hungo and in cold blood massacred its inhabitants, sparing neither

women, the aged, nor children." "Before abandoning the city," the communique

added, "the assassins set fire to it," destroying more than "4,000 houses,

depots, shops and public places." IText] iLisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 26 Jun 83 p 16] 8870

FRANCE DETAINS TAAG PLANE French authorities yesterday detained an Angolan

airline (TAAG) Boeing 707 at the Roisy Airport when it was about to take off

for Moscow with 110 passengers aboard. Airport sources said that they detained the plane at the request of a French company which alleges that the

Angolan Government owes it $130,000 (around 15,600 contos). The plane, which

had arrived from Luanda, was towed to a site far from the airport after the

passengers had debarked to await alternative flights. IText] ILisbon DIARIO

DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Jun 83 p 16] 8870
UNITA CLAIMS—In Lisbon, UNITA disclosed that last April it had taken an

Angolan town in Camgumbe, near the city of Luso, capital of the Moxico Province, on the Benguela railroad. In the communique, UNITA says it has effected 57 casualties among Angolan soldiers, that it had captured four and

suffered five deaths and 13 wounded. The movement headed by Jonas Savimbi,

added that after the occupation of Munhanga, Cangonga and Cangumbe, it destroyed the useless Benguela railroad. On the other hand, in Cangumbe, UNITA

seized a railroad train laden with war equipment and provisions intended for

the reoccupation of Cangonga and Munhango. IText] iLisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 5 Jul 83 p 1] 8870

UNITA COMMUNIQUE—In the communique circulated yesterday in Lisbon, the

UNITA Central Committee, referring to what it classifies as international press

assumptions on the liberation of the Czechs through Kinshasa and not Harare,

made clear that it has nothing specific against Zimbabwe, but will not accept

any assistance from the so-called Front Line, and for the same reason, did

not accept Lusaka (Zambia). This document also asserts that the countries

of said Front Line know Angola's problems better than others; but persistently

refuse to take a stand on the withdrawal of Cubans and subsequent formation

of a government of national union between UNITA and the MPLA, the only solution to the struggle in Southern Africa, including Namibia's independence.

On the other hand, the liberation of the Czechs through Kinshasa (Zaire),

according to UNITA, has no political significance, for there was no direct

contact between UNITA and the Zaire authorities. The entire liberation movement was carried out through the International Red Cross Committee in Geneva

and its delegation which was on UNITA bases for a week, the communique further

clarifies. IText] ILisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 2 Jul 83 p 7] 8870

EDITORIAL ON UNITA—The arrival in Lisbon of 10 Portuguese freed by UNITA

gives us the opportunity for reflexion, from which we shall point out two

ideas, given the evident impossibility, in the short space of this column,

to analyze every facet of an obviously complex question. The first idea is

that referring to the activity, in Angolan territory, of the Jonas Savimbi

liberation movement. However much Luanda authorities endeavor to instill

the idea that it is a question of a puppet group, without any real hold among

the people, the facts persistently refute it. UNITA exists, actually controls

definite areas of the country and, contrary to what one would expect, after

so many years of combat in the woods, seems more and more active and disposed

to-,assume the political role which unequivocably belongs to it in Angola.

Its struggle is directed against Marxist power established in Luanda and

which holds its ground there because of Cuban-Soviet support, without the

approval of the people who were never consulted. The other idea concerns the

irresponsibility with which, in some areas, here in Portugal, collaboration

with Angola is regarded. They entice people to go to work in the ex-colony

without previously informing them of the risks they run in a country engaged

in civil war.. It becomes evident that UNITA, as Savimbi, on several occasions,

has made it a point to stress, is not fighting the Portuguese working in

Angola, but the MPLA. This is the target of its struggle. However, they cannot avoid affecting some of our fellow-citizens. A delayed enlightening of

cooperant candidates on the part of the Portuguese authorities would perhaps

avoid lamentable conditions. IText] ILisbon A TARDE in Portuguese 4 Jul 83]

8870
LÜBQTA ON MPLS-UNITA NEGOTlATIONS-r-Regarding news on official or gratuitous

negotiations between the WIA and tJNITA, A TARDE interviewed FLEC president,

Francisco Javier Lubota, who stated that as for the hypothesis of an agreement between TJNITA and MPLA, "FLEC, as a movement of the Cabinda people who

are fighting for their independence, viewed it with great interest since Angola

is an African country which for a long time has been plunged in a civil war

which Russians-Cuban social-imperialism inflicted on them." He also said he

hopes that this agreement will be the first step toward a genuine peace with

Angola, for which the existence of the FNLA must not be overlooked. However,

regarding the Cabindan people, he asserted that, come what may, "they will

never be Angolans." Francisco Xavier Lubota also censured the so-called

"Algor Agreement," which "unjustly and illogically," treated Cabinda as an

integral part of Angola and decided its fate without consulting either the

people or their representatives. Referring to the Marxist-Cuban forces and

the FAPLA (about 7,000 men) who now control the Cabinda seaboard, he also

added "that the next few months might be arduous ones for the enemy, as most

of the people have taken refuge in Zaire or the Congo and government troops

do not enter inland, confining themselves to protecting oil-bearing plants.

In conclusion, he expressed hope that Cabindan natural resources, particularly

oil, be put at the Cabindan people's service and not exploited to defray the

expenses of a foreign occupational force and guaranteed that once assumed their

rights, the country will collaborate with all its friends. jText] iLisbon

A TARDE in Portuguese 27 Jun 83 p 3] 8870

FOREIGN MINISTER'S 5-DAY VISIT—Mari Alkatiri, minister of foreign affairs of

the East Timor Democratic Republic, has been in our country since the day before yesterday as part of a number of visits he is making to those, African

countries which have Portuguese as their official language. He will stay in

Angola for a 5-day period during which time he will hold talks with party

and government officials, and will brief them on his country's present situation, which is characterized mainly by a ceasefire with the Indonesian occupant. Mari Alkatiri described his country's present situation as indeterminable, adding that the East Timor Government agrees with the ceasefire on the

condition that the Indonesian forces withdrawa. [Text] [MB260703 Luanda

Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 26 Jul 83]

CSO: 3442/304

10
BENIN

NORWEGIANS EXPLORE FOR OIL IN COTONOU

Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 29 Jun 83 p 4

[Article by Flemming Dahl: "Norwegian Search for Oil in West Africa"]

[Text] "Saga Bar" is painted in shaky letters on a little

tin shanty of a tavern in the western African coastal town

of Cotonou, which, with its nearly 200,000 people, is the

trade center of the developing country of Benin. The name

of the bar came into existence after the Norwegian oil

company Saga Petroleum established itself down there a few

years ago with the intention of expanding and getting

production started in a small oil field off the palm-lined

coast. But don't think that Norwegians own shares in

that bar establishment!

The Norwegian Saga employees and their families in Cotonou constitute a colony

of well over 100 people, more than 20 of whom are children who go to a

Norwegian school that was established for that purpose.

The Norwegians must have taken a skeptical look at the globe before traveling

down here. What would it be like to live and work in that town and, as far

as anyone was required to do so, to work out in the Seme oil field, too?

How would cooperation develop with the authorities in Benin, who are the

owners of the oil field and Saga's employers? What would it feel like to

be white experts who were supposed to teach black citizens of Benin to produce,

store and sell crude oil?

"One must become completely readjusted. One is not in Europe any longer,"

Svein Foss maintains. He is the chief of the tank installation inside the

palm woods where the oil is stored before being loaded aboard tankers to

be exported. The installation is half an hour from Cotonou by automobile,

and Foss is the only Norwegian whose daily work is precisely there.

"You can't simply pick up a telephone and say you have to have something or

other. You become accustomed to resorting to all kinds of expedients, and to

waiting and waiting," he says.

11
Foss has lived in Gotonou with his wife and three children since last summer,

when the tank installation was ready for use. But their house at home in

Larvik is waiting for them to come back to some day.

Like most Norwegians down here, the Foss family has a material standard of

living that far surpasses the average in Benin: a house of the southern

European type, an automobile and three servants.

That may seem paradoxical, since Benin—which was a French colony until 1960

under the name Dahomey—now is a so-called people's republic under

semimilitary control based on the doctrines of Marx and Lenin. But there

seems to be a desire on the part of the authorities for foreign residents

to live in the manner that characterized the colonial period—if for nothing

else, then perhaps because that creates jobs.

The oil-producing project also gives employment to the local population.

In addition to the many Norwegians and a small number of other foreigners

from Western Europe and North America, the project employs close to 300

citizens of Benin.

In recent years, the Seme oil field has been equipped with 3 small steel

platforms of a depth of less than 50 meters in a climate that is far more

friendly to humans than the climate Saga is familiar with in the North Sea.

The field is also equipped with a mobile drill rig that was built in Norway,

like the permanent platforms.

Two orange-painted supply ships belonging to the Norwegian Wilh. Wilhelmsen

shipping company shuttle back and forth with heavy loads between the oil

field and a base in Cotonou. Two small helicopters that belong to the

Norwegian Lufttransport company and handle urgent deliveries only take

a few minutes to cover the same distance.

Oil production got underway little by little last fall. At first, oil is

sent through a pipeline to the tank installation on land. From there it

is loaded aboard tankers and sold to European purchasers.

The chief of the Saga project in Benin, Richard Barry, is an American,

but he has worked for Saga in Norway for many years. He too can tell you

that it is not a simple matter for Europeans to work in a country where the

telephone system can be put out of operation when the rainy season is at

its worst, where one is not said to be safe from salvos of bullets fired

by soldiers if he drives past the president's palace after dark and

where the president's ministers want to have a say in decisions concerning

both large and small business affairs.

If it occurred to any of the Saga people beforehand that the authorities in

Benin would treat them as gods, they were mistaken. "No, many of the people

of Benin are sophisticated, many were educated in France and they make no

bones about letting us know that Seme is their oil field," Barry says.

12
When Libya's head of state, Mu'ammar Qadhafi, visited Benin recently,

the Saga management received still another reminder that they are not in

Europe any longer. The citizens of Benin employed by Saga, along with a

large number of other workers in Cotonou, were ordered out into the streets

to cheer for the prominent guest, and it would not have been of much use

for the employers to protest against having the day's program upset.

But although the authorities in Benin make the decisions in regard to what

Saga is going to do, that company—La Saga, as it is called in the official

French language—enjoys great respect and is greeted with broad smiles in

the streets.

According to the Norwegians, the people of Benin fortunately are free of

corruption, in contrast with their brothers in some of the neighboring

nations. But on a more ingenuous level they are willing to accept small

gifts. Hardly anything seems to be able to mollify a customs official,

a chauffeur or a street vendor more than La Saga's colorful adhesive

marking labels.

For safety's sake, the Norwegians in Cotonou set themselves up with their

own ambulance and a Norwegian doctor. In addition, they have an insurance

arrangement which states that in serious cases they can send for a Swiss

ambulance aircraft for transportation to European hospitals.

"There is a 90 percent chance that, in the course of a month, a Norwegian

down here will catch a diarrhea ailment," Tore Torjussen says. Torjussen

runs the doctor's office. He is on leave of absence from his position as

resident physician at the. Moss Hospital.

A case of appendicitis will be more than enough to make Torjussen call for

the Swiss aircraft, for, as he says, "it is more dangerous to cut into a

person with a scalpel down here than it is in districts where the humidity

is lower and microbes fewer."

One of the first things he had to do after arriving in Cotonou was to

requisition a helicopter to go out to the Seme oil field to take care of

a sick citizen of Benin.

Operation of the helicopters is taken care of by two pilots and a mechanic—

all Norwegians. Pilot Arne Maeland, from Tysnes, says that seven or eight

trips are made to the Seme oil field every day, and that amounts to more

than 100 hours of flying every month.

The helicopter people and the key Norwegian personnel aboard the Wilhelmsen

ships and the "Amazon" drill rig are long-distance commuters and, in contrast

with the Saga employees, they do not have their families with them down here.

"But the Saga people open up their homes to us when we are lying close to

shore," says Hans Bjerkli, a Hardanger man, who is the captain of the supply

ship "Tender Benin."

13
We will not comment on the question as to whether the Wilhelmsen people very

often find the time to visit the tavern in Cotonou that was mentioned

earlier. But the paint on the tin shanty is orange like that on the supply

ships, and it is said to have been left over after one of them was painted.

9266

CSO: 3497/8

1U
BENIN

BRIEFS

PRICE DISAGREEMENT WITH NIGERIA—Deliveries of cement to Nigeria from the

Onigbolo Cement Company in Benin Republic, are being hampered by disagreements between the Nigerian and Benin Governments over pricing as well

as by transportation problems. The company, a joint-venture between the

two Governments, was scheduled to sell 60 per cent of its 300,000 tonnes

per annum output to Nigeria, starting from last April (W.A. March 21,

1983), but so far has been unable to start deliveries. Indications of

the continuing disagreement on prices was given in Lagos recently by

Nigeria's Minister of National Planning, Mrs. Adenike Ebun Oyagbola, in

a meeting with the Belgian Ambassador to Nigeria, Mr. Herman Matsaert.

Mr. Matsaert, whose country has offered to finance the construction of a

N13m. rail line from the factory to Ilaro in Ogun state of Nigeria was

still committed to taking the cement. Mrs. Oyagbola said that Nigeria

would keep to the commitment if the Benin Government agreed to remove the

excise duties currently charged on cement from the factory. She said

Nigeria had already agreed not to charge import duties on the cement and

is also supplying oil to the factory at subsidised prices, and hoped that

both countries would make all efforts to ensure that cement from the

factory would be able to compete with cement from other sources. [Text]

[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1621]

CSO: 3400/1671

15
CONGO

SONACO MAY BECOME JOINT STATE-PRIVATE ENTERPRISE

Brazzaville MWETI in French 7 Jul 83 p 3

[Article: "Board of Directors of SONACO: For the Establishment of a Mixed

State-Private Company"]

[Excerpts] Liquidate SONACO [National Construction Company] and establish

a mixed state-private company to carry on the same activities. That is the

conclusion reached by the board of directors of the company at an extraordinary meeting held on 5-6 July 1983, presided over by Comrade Benoit

Moundele-Ngollo, member of the Central Committee of the PCT [Congolese Labor

Party] and minis ter of public works and construction.

This proposal, which will be considered by the'cabinet before it is implemented,

follows a disappointing conclusion reached fry the board of directors at

their 2nd meeting held from 24 to 26 March in Brazzaville.

At this meeting the members of the board of directors were unanimous in

concluding that, since the company was established, it reportedly suffered

from poor management, which was illustrated by a high percentage of salary

costs, amounting to 60 percent of business volume on a continuing basis.

Moreover, when the need for housing was increasing, there was a noticeable

decline in activity by the company, due essentially to the following:

1) The absence of policy of obtaining equipment and materials to carry on

company activity, forcing the company to accept inflated employment levels.

2) Following an ill-considered policy in the management of supplies.

3) The development of an attitude of carelessness, lack of concern, and

irresponsibility among company officials and workers.

At the end of the March meeting of the board of directors a small committee

was appointed to prepare for the present, extraordinary session of the board.

The committee prepared a series of documents which indicate that the principal

shortcomings undermining the performance of SONACO are: too many employees,

the absence of a policy of investment in equipment to carry out company

activities, the total lack of accountants at work project sites, a lack of

respect for supply policy, inadequate appreciation of estimates on specific

16
construction projects, a lack of organization in the application of plans to

implement construction programs, an absence of work norms defined by very ^

specific parameters, a lack of respect for time phasing in carrying out

construction activity, a failure to follow budget forecasts (particularly the

Treasury), an absence of coordination among staff personnel, and an absence

of depreciation forecasts for accounting purposes.

Furthermore, the company financial report dated 30 May 1983 shows a negative

balance in the operating fund, as well as a very substantial amount of short

term debt. It should be noted that SONACO's capital has been entirely absorbed

in the deficits resulting from the past 3 fiscal years. In accordance with

the provisions of Article 11 of Law No 13/81 of 14 March 1981, which contained

a charter for state companies, SONACO could now be liquidated.

Faced with this situation and taking into account a new sense of direction,

the board of directors considered that the company should change its status and

become a mixed state-private enterprise.

The proposal made by the board of directors is awaiting the approval of the

government. However, before obtaining such approval the board of directors

will have to draft the statutes and by-laws of the new, mixed state-private

company which might be established, if necessary, on the ashes of SONACO.

5170

CSO: 3419/1080

17
CONGO

RESULTS OF PSF-PCT MEETING IN PARIS NOTED

Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACT in French 5 Jul 83 p 2

[Article: "French Socialist Party and Congolese Labor Party Favor a Policy

of Structured Co-Development"]

[Text] Brazzaville, 5 July--The French Socialist Party (PSF) and the

Congolese Labor Party (PCT) have agreed on the application of a policy of

structured co-development, following the visit to Paris (from 27 to 29 June)

of Comrade Pierre Nze, member of the political bureau and in charge of the

foreign relations of the PCT.

In order to achieve this goal, the two parties decided "to give their cooperation

a regular framework in the form of an agreement which will be submitted for

the signature of their respective, national leaders," thus stated the joint communique following their meetings.

According to the communique, the two parties "will favor in particular the

establishment of cooperative offices resembling the economic committees

involved in bilateral trade between the Congo and France, and particularly

involving the nationalized French companies."

The communique stated: "The struggle against the crisis which affects the

two countries in different ways requires deepening reflection and analysis

on the problems of planning and forecasting and the establishment of flexibl

institutions better adapted to the present needs for cooperation between the

two countries."

The two parties also exchanged views on the international situation, with

particular reference to African problems.

Regarding the situation in Chad, "the two parties consider that a return

of lasting peace will necessarily require a process of national reconciliation

among all Chadians."

e

18
With particular reference to the situation in southern Africa, the two parties

condemned in the firmest way the policy of apartheid followed by the Pretoria

regime, as well as the acts of aggression committed against neighboring,

sovereign states. Moreover, they repeat their condemnation of the illegal

occupation of Namibia and demand the immediate application of United Nations

Resolutions 432 and 435, without any prior conidtions. On this occasion they

reiterate their support for the Front Line Countries.

In these meetings the PSF was led by Lionel Jospin, who has become first

secretary of the party since the election of the former first secretary,

Francois Mitterrand, as president of the republic on 10 May 1981.

5170

CSO: 3419/1080

19
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

SPANISH PRESENCE—The demand from Malabo that all Spanish troops and police

leave the country may mean that the entire Spanish presence is coming to

an end, according to the Spanish official in charge of cooperation. Sen.

Ramon Peidroo, Director of the Spanish Co-operation Office, said that if

all 54 Spanish military and police personnel left, including those who

look after two small /Aviocar/ [in italics] aircraft, the Spanish colony

would be "isolated". This would be an unnacceptable risk for the 300

Spanish aid personnel who work in the Republic, he added. [Text] [London

WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1631]

MORE FRICTION WITH SPAIN—The fate of Sergeant Venacio Miko, accused of involvement in the recent coup attempt (West Africa, May 30), has caused yet

another rift in Hispano-Guinean relations. After the coup attempt, Sergeant

Miko sought asylum in the Spanish Embassy in Malabo, but was subsequently

handed over to President Nguema's Moroccan personal guard after assurances

from Guineans that he would have a fair trial. That trial sentenced Miko

and two others (Sub-Lieutenants Carmelo Owono and Gregorio Micha) to death.

These latter were subsequently executed, but Sergeant Miko, apparently following appeals for clemency from Madrid, had his sentence commuted. He was last

reported to be in the custody of the President's Moroccan guard. EquatoGuinean Foreign Minister Marcelino Nguema, was in Madrid before travelling

on to New York last week, and he had talks with Spanish Prime Minister

Gonzalez and his Foreign Minister, Senor Moran. The content of those talks

was not made public, but a statement at the Spanish Senate by Senator Moran

that 70m. Pesetas-worth of Spanish aid to the former colony had been fradulently obtained by un-named officials in the Republic cannot have improved

the climate. As he left for New York, Senor Nguema denied reports that Malabo had called for Spanish military and police advisers to return home (West

Africa, July 11). These reports had led to speculation that the whole Spanish

presence in the Republic would leave. The Minister added that Spanish economic aid to his country should continue and even be stepped up. [Text]

[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3440 18 Jul 83 p 1685]

CSO: 3400/1719

20
ETHIOPIA

ERITREAN LIBERATION FRONT LEADER INTERVIEWED

Oslo ARBEIDERBLADET in Norwegian 8 Jul 83 p 12

[Article by Dag Leraan]

[Text] "Unity in the Eritrean liberation movement is a

requirement for success. The disunion of the liberation

forces does not help the Eritrean people but the enemy—

Ethiopia."

The liberation movement in Eritrea has been split into

several organizations since the early 1970s, and several

attempts to create unity have not had success.

Dr Habte Tesfamariam leads one of the factions in the liberation movement,

ELF—the Eritrean Liberation Front—and he has just been on a short visit

to Norway together with the leader of Eritrea's Red.Cross/Red Crescent,

Dr Yousuf Berhanu, and ELF's Stockholm representative, Eyob Beserat.

Unity

Dr Habte attaches great importance to promoting his organization's view of

the necessity for unity among the different liberation organizations.

ELF, which he represents, is now also unfortunately divided after many and

sometimes bloody internal disputes in the last couple of years. On the

other side in the liberation struggle for Eritrea's independence stands

EPLF—the Eritrean's People Liberation Front—which all observers regard

as the strongest organization and which is actually conducting the armed

struggle against the Ethiopian occupying forces.

"Last December my organization united with another of the Eritrean liberation

organizationsj: and we have invited others, including the EPLF, to join our

unity declaration."

"EPLF, which has long been considered the strongest of the liberation groups

in Eritrea, has also issued an invitation for unity. Why can you not support

it?"

21
"EPLF has a quite different view on unity," Dr Habte says. They desire

a unity dominated by themselves, with complete centralization, with

dictatorship."

"You are also rejecting EPLF's invitation to create an Eritrean parliament

in the liberated areas?"

"We have studied EPLF's proposal carefully, but it only showed us that the

declaration regarding unity which EPLF has made is not designed to create

unity. EPLF's proposal aims to silence their opponents and to assure them

complete military control over the other organizations."

Military Strength

"EPLF has today an estimated 30,000 men under arms. How many do you have?"

"That is a military secret, but let me emphasize that it is not the number

of soldiers that count but support from the people. We have suffered a

military reverse in the last 3 years but do not regard this as so serious

as long as we know we have the support of the people."

"It has been some time since there have been reports of ELF forces being

engaged in struggles with the Ethiopian army while EPLF is constantly

engaged in military action."

"Our military activity is big but it is not immune to the international

conspiracy against ELF, in which there is a blackout of information

concerning our military activity," Dr Habte says. He does not want to

become involved in saying when and where ELF military engagements have

taken place in the last year or so.

After a military reverse in 1981, ELF's soldiers—an estimated 4-6,000—

pulled back to the Sudanese border where Sudanese security forces disarmed

them. In one of these camps particularly, Kora-Kor, there has been

widespread criticism of the ELF's leadership, and the soldiers there have

drawn up their own statement in which they state that they want to belong

to any Eritrean organization which actively fights for the Eritrean people

and the Eritrean revolution.

Dr Habte Tesfamariam replies to this question by saying that practically

all the soldiers in Kora-Kor and Tadhia, the other camp, have now been

brought into Eritrea where they are fighting for ELF. Only a small group,

which he calls "anarchists," has elected to go with EPLF. This information

contrasts sharply with reports from other quarters which tell of desertion

to EPLF forces and a complete absence of military action by the ELF.

A third group within ELF is led by Abdullah Idress, who carried out an

armed coup during the ELF Congress in March of last year. He is supported

by Saudi Arabia and Iraq but hardly has more than 150 soldiers and,

according to Dr Habte, has no support either within the ELF or among

the Eritrean people.

22
Political Similarity

"Politically there is little difference between ELF and EPLF," Dr Habte

maintains. "It is the political practice which distinguishes them. EPLF is

dictatorial. They have tried to crush us militarily, among other ways in

military cooperation with the liberation movement in the neighboring province

of Tigray—TPLF."

The war of liberation in Eritrea has been going on for over 20 years and

was led for many years by ELF. In 1971 a radical faction broke away and

created EPLF. After severe internal struggles toward the end of the 1970s,

EPLF emerged as the stronger of the two, and ELF has been more or less

paralyzed by internal factional struggles, partly with bloody results.

This spring Ethiopia launched a new offensive against Eritrea but just now

the front is quiöt. At the same time Eritrea has been hard hit by drought

and a lack of food, and one of the tasks of the ELF delegation during its

visit to Norway is to appeal for humanitarian help.

6893

CSO: 3497/9

23
GHANA

GOVERNMENT EXPLAINS VALCO DEADLOCK

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 pp 1622-1623

[Article by Nii K. Bentsi-Enchill]

[Text] The Ghana Government has

said that "by their conduct

throughout most of the February

14-May 27 negotiations, representatives of VALCO showed

beyond a doubt that they had not

come to engage in serious negotiations such as would lead to a

restructuring of the status of

VALCO in Ghana". As this was

precisely 'be reason for inviting

VALCÖ to the table, the government decided that further talks

would serve no useful purpose.

The statement ofJune 27 briefly

reviewed the "special regime of

fiscal and legal concessions which

assured [VALCO and its shareholders. Kaiser Aluminium and Engineering Corp. and Reynolds

Metals Co.] a highly privileged

status enjoyed by no other company in Ghana". It said the concessions and guarantees to risk

capital may have been justified in

1962 but were now ''patently

anachronistic" and unacceptable

to the people of Ghana.

It noted that the shareholders'

original equity contribution to

VALCO of S12m. was repaid in

1980 with a S20m. dividend. By

the end of 1981, VALCO's own

books put the value of this equity

holding at S138.27m. through retained earnings, an increase of

over 1,050 per cent excluding the

S20m. dividend. VALCO had

been enormously profitable from

its second ye:<r of operation

(1968), had paid no income tax

from 1967-1980 because of a tax

holiday and other concessions,

and since then paid a concessionary rate.

Two major negative consequences of the low power rate (presently one-quarter of a weighted

Western world average, and onefifth of what Ghanaian consumers

pay) were firstly, that the Volta

River Authority could not earn

enough to attract loans for necessary expansion as international

lenders were unwilling to subsidise, through the VRA, the operations of a rich transnational;

secondly, the VRA always failed

to cover its costs and earn a

specified return on investment as

required by its creditors.

Ghana originally proposed to

reach agreement on a long-run

power rate related to weighted

average rates paid by smelters

elsewhere, and indexed to the

aluminium market price. It also

agreed to give VALCO a discount

for proven extra costs from the

smelter being in Ghana, and exceptional arrangements for exceptional VALCO or aluminium market problems. VALCO's first

round counter-proposal was a

slight power rate rise just above

one-third the weighted world average, but conditional, among other

things, on a devaluation of Ghana's currency. Ghana rejected this

as an "impertinence". In between

rounds, VALCO proposed a

further increase payaöle from

January 1, 1984, indexed to the

metal price and directly linked to

VALCO's annual profitability,

Ghana rejected this when the

second round began, and discussion proceeded on how to fix a

power rate. VALCO agreed by

the end of the round to an averaging process yielding a power rate

of US I5.5mills/kwh. and produced a paper on the extra costs of

operating in Ghana for which they

wanted an allowance.

This began with VALCO repudiating the principle of fixing

the power rate related to a world

average, denying having agreed to

use that principle, and implying

they would only agree to a rate

that assured their profitability.

Formally and informally. Ghana

says, it tried to restore momentum,

even making concessions especially on taxation, but that VALCO

continued to avoid making a serious power rate proposal. Alter

much pressure, VALCO proposed

to pay 12.5 mills.'kwh for a fourpotline operation indexed to a

base of C80 per pound for the

average realised primary aluminium price for Alcoa. Alcan, Kaiser and Reynolds, and that the

actur! rate payable would vary

accordi. i to energy supplied to

VAI CO". "VALCO admitted

(under questioning) that the fourcompany average . . . price has

never in its history reached CSU

per pound" [Kaiser's realised

price in 1982. VALCO said, was

€51.5 per pound]. VALCO's offer

amounted to 8.6 mills/kwh. but for

the two-potline operation likely

under current water shortages, the

rate was the same 5.6 mill kwh

they presently pay. VALCO also

expected taxation, duty and tolling

fees to remain unchanged: that the

VALCO Fund payments to Ghana

(Slim., S9m. and S2m. in 1979-31)

2it
would now be fixed at an annual

5500,000-. and that VALCO would

be entitled to an exchange rate of

C29.75 = SI.

Ghana found this proposal

absurd. Owing to the bonus system in the 1983 budget. VALCO's

annual local costs of S27m. would

fall to S4.3m. (at the 9.9 bonus

rate), a VALCO gain, and a foreign exchange loss to Ghana, of

S'zTTmT Ghana recognised VALCO's legitimate concern for profitability, but refused to guarantee

this irrespective of market conditions.

VALCO proposed to reduce the

tolling fee by charging 60 per cem

of the realised (not the published)

primary aluminium price. "It need

hardly be added that this reduction in VALCO's income (in

"favour of its shareholders) would

mean reduced income taxes for

Ghana." Ghana also felt that the

allowance of 40 per cent of the

primary aluminium price given to,

Kaiser and Reynolds to cover their

services and other costs was too

high and proposed 28 per cent

based on industry practice and

figures supplied by VALCO. It

said VALCO "fiercely resisted"

keeping 72 per cent of the metal

price. It added that VALCO figures justifying the 40 per cent

allowance were not only inconsistent, but also the product of internal Kaiser corporate accounting

methods. "It is difficult to escape

the conclusion that ... the figures

have been manipulated ... to

justify the customers' retention of

40 Der cent thereby reducing

VALCO's income to the benefit of

its US shareholder/customers."

Ghana stated its determination

to achieve the objective of removing "the more blatant concessions

and abuses'", moving VALCO towards taking normal commercial

risks, earning normal profits, making "its due contribution" to Ghana's economic development, and

making VALCO shareholders

earn normal investment returns

through dividends rather than by

intra-firm arrangements. Its preferred method was through "principled good-faith negotiations",

but it assured Ghanaians that it

was "studying very carefully a,

range of measures" to attain its

objectives "by other means" in

case VALCO does not show more

seriousness in the negotiations.

CSO: 3400/1670

25
GHANA

POLITICAL SITUATION ASSESSED IN WAKE OF COUP

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 pp 1602-1605

[Text] THE SOMBRE agitated groups, who after

its collapse, discussed the physical details

of the June 19 coup attempt, have long

since disappeared from the streets of

Accra. In their place, fairly large demonstrations of support for the PNDC, have

come and gone, leaving the city with a

patina of normality. Markets bustle, whilst

cars which were off the streets, now dart

about and the offices work normally. Unfortunately the return to normal may be no

more than a veneer. Certain new factors

emerged on the Ghanaian political scene

on June 19 itself, and in the course of the

following week, which must be recognised

as having the potential to change the

political situation drastically.

The first evidence of this change is the

increased militarisation related to the

escape from jail of over 50 of the most

committed political opponents of the

PNDC. The most important factor in

these escapes is that almost all the persons

involved have military skills. Accordingly

at all the major approaches to Accra, fairly

rigorous checks for these "dissidents" as

they are described, goes on. conducted by

militants of the defence committees as well

as police and armed forces personnel.

Search and destroy operations have also

been operating around the fringes of Accra

occasioning severe bursts of gunfire in the

night. These are under the overall command of Brigadier Quainoo (a counterinsurgency specialist in charge of Armed

Forces), and a Ranger with qualifications

from America's finest anti-guerrilla schools.

Even more significant is the calculated

purpose behind these escapes, [f the government's own post-coup investigations are

accurate, at Nsawam the medium security

jail was broken into by a highly-mobile unit

trained by exiled forces in Togo. At James

Town and Ussher Fort in the centre of

Accra, the road was blocked by two armed

men, firing indiscriminately, whilst others

freed the prisoners. Some who refused to

leave were shot. The majority of those

released included elements currently on

trial for a coup in November 1982 as well as

some of those on trial for the murder of the

three Judges and the retired army Major

last year.

The "military skills" factor is important

; because for the first time, there will now

exist in exile, if most have managed to

reach Togo, the nucleus of a force to make

incursions, sabotage and other harassing

forays into Ghana. These elements are also

available to train such persons as can be

persuaded, on political or ethnic basis, to

join existing training camps in neighbouring countries thus creating an increasing

force of contras to oppose the PNDC. If

this possibility does finally emerge, it can

add a destabilising edge to the PNDC's

problems, compounding the food, transport and other crises which besiege the

regime.

The deliberate nature of the prison

attacks and the co-ordinated way in which

quite a few of the released persons immediately headed for the borders lend

credibility to these suppositions.

Exemplary defence

committee patriotism

At the other end of the spectrum and

more heartening for the progressive forces

was the spontaneous yet committed way in

which defence committees mounted roadblocks and other defensive actions. At

26
Buem in the south-west, an armed defence committee road-block confronted

five of the rebels, four of whom died in the

ensuing gun-battle. In other places,

accounts have been received of spontaneous road-blocks, and plans to cut off

the electricity supply and other essential

services had the coup attempt succeeded.

But it is precisely here that the major

weakness of the December 31 process has

been revealed. The majority of the militants who so earnestly wished to defend the

PNDC were not armed, or lacked military

skills even if they could have had access to

arms. In the period after the first broadcast

quite a few PDC militants, and supporters

of the PNDC were attacked by various

persons. Kumasi, a stronghold of the

opposition to the regime, saw many such

attacks whilst the chairman of a defence

committee at Sukura, a poor urban, neighbourhood where the rebels sought refuge,

was shot dead, allegedly by LanceCorporal Amedeka. The death toll was

provisionally 26 at the time of writing.

Clearly the PNDCs most ardent supporters, workers and other people capable of

carrying the process forward, cannot at

present defend the process they support so

fervently.

It is in this context, that every single

resolution of support that the PNDC has

received has called for the "arming of the

people"'. In the months ahead, the speed.

and yet tact, with which the PNDC moves

on this issue will weaken or strengthen its

support in the mass movement. The necessity for tact arises because of the suspicion the traditional army has of anybody

else having military training, a reason

which was an important rallying point for

soldiers to be moved by General Kotoka.

to overthrow' Nkrumah.

This question of protection for militants

is made even more poignant by the already

long list of militants who are either dead.

sacked from their jobs, maimed.

threatened or mindlessly brutaiised by

opponents of the regime, without the

regime, as people see it. seeming to take

any notice, or care about these events. The

general feeling amongst many militants is

that failing any consistent attempt to protect them in the wake of this attempt, next

time round their support might just be a

little bit less vigorous.

On a broader level, the coup attempt has

indicated the broad extent of support for

the PNDC, despite the crippling food

crisis, transport bottlenecks and the austere budget. In the euphoria of the solidarity demonstrations, the more active

participants numbering well over 10.000

moved to occupy the Supreme Court building, Cadbury Factory and two press

houses. These press houses have been

rabidly hostile to the PNDC and even to

the most responsible and patriotic acts

undertaken on the independent initiative

of defence committees or the organs of the

radical nationalist government itself.

Take-over of

judiciary

At the time of writing, the workers from

Accra-Tema announced that they had dissolved the judiciary, abolished the post of

Chief Justice, and set up the nucleus of

what they described as a new. popularlyelected, indigenously-derived judicial system. Objectively, these actions may be

well in advance of what is possible in

Ghana today. But there is no doubt that

these actions reflect the genuine frustrations of the workers (and many people),

with the decadence, slowness, and extreme

distance from the mass of the people, that

has characterised the British-influenced

and consequently, fairly alienated judicial

system.

Impatience with

slow reforms

The complete independence characterising the act itself reflects the impatience

amongst the more active sections of the

PNDCs mass base, with the slow pace of

the government's attempts to rid the

judicial system of it'conservatism. It does

remain to be seen how the PNDC will

resolve this because, much as it requires

the support of the workers and cannot

afford to alienate them, it also cannot

afford the vacuum that this action in

"advance of the times" may lead to. This

new resurgence of mass militancy is clearly

the other new factor in the situation. If it is

not properly channelled and directed by

the PNDC, and if its legitimate demands

are not met, it may lead increasingly to

completely independent actions at variance

with the regime's own positions, thus confusing the situation, and making it ripe for

the kinds of interventions that the opposition is now militarily capable of launching.

The occupation of Cadbury is a much

simpler issue. It involved what the workers

27
see as the recalcitrance of this foreignowned company in laying off its workers

with the double aim of breaking the militancy of its workers' organisations as well

as putting in place a new company structure requiring fewer workers. The Cadbury

issue has been simmering for over a year,

during which according to the workers,

management successively broke labour

laws, misinformed policemen and soldiers

to harass and arrest worker militants, all in

a completely illegal bid to sack them.

It seems the workers' movement, many

branches of which are facing such attitudes

from their management, have taken the

Cadbury issue to heart as a way of vicariously solving problems of their own. At the

time of writing, the workers, whilst stressing that they were not taking over the

company, had begun negotiations with the

government to meet their demands (which

included the re-instatement of all workers;

a probe into foreign exchange use by the

management; the public declaration of a

national policy on redundancy to prevent

self-help actions like theirs; and the dismissal of an allegedly unpatriotic Principal

Secretary at the Labour Ministry. He is

accused of aiding Cadbury management

to circumvent the little-known national

laws on redundancy.

The search for the backers of the

attempted coup continues. An indicator of

the high level of external financing is the

huge quantity of modern arms captured

from the rebels including rocket-launchers,

mortars, anti-tank weapons and other

equipment of a make not normally used by

the Ghana Army. Official statements have

not indicated that any Army armounss

were broken into.

Reference to foreign connections has

included the government protest to Togo,

and the visit by the coup attempt spokesman. Corporal Gyiwah, to the East German Embassy on June 19 (see last week's

issue), as well as the interesting story of a

Datsun pick-up vehicle leaving the American Consulate — a heavily-fortified building in Osu where the local CIA station is

located — loaded wich grenades, rocketlaunchers and small arms. The estimated

six occupants were observed as they left

and proceeded to forcibly requisition

drinks from the Penta Hotel, about 300

vards from the consulate. The Togo link is

also probably connected by the Londonbased '"Campaign for Democracy" and

other exiles in Togo.

Internal

connections

At the time of writing, the media had

just announced the June 15 arrest of the

Secretary of the Professional Bodies Association — an umbrella grouping for

lawyers, architects, doctors etc, all groups

who have been hard-hit by the PNDC's

rigorous pursuit of tax evaders through the

Citizens' Vetting Committee. His offence

was alleged to be the possession of three

sacks of seditious leaflets, some of which, it

' is said, showed knowledge of the coup

attempt a clear four days before. The

president of the presently conservative

National Union of Ghana Students, along

with five others were reportedly in his

company but escaped. The initial

apprehension was made by the defence

committee of Midland Press, where they

intended to finish preparing the documents

for public circulation. If this connection is

proved beyond all reasonable doubt, its

political implications would be devastating.

It would mean that the professional groupings would now have as their military arm

some of the soldiers who for various

reasons have defected from the mainstream of the December 31 process but

regarding themselves still as revolutionaries and in the case of Gyiwah. as a

Communist.

Yet these are the same people the

professionals had described as hooligans

and murderers, and include some of the

major architects of the December 31 coup

action, as well as the killers of the three

judges and the retired army major. This

alliance, if it really exists, would be an

extremely uneasy one indeed, with the

escaped soldiers relying on the other side

for arms and money, whilst the richer

people need military muscle. It would be at

best an unstable coalition of uncontrollable

defectors from December 31 allied with

elements fundamentally opposed to the

positive and patriotic aspects motivating

the process. It remains to be seen whether

the people of Ghana would accept this as a

credible political alternative.

CSO: 3400/1670

28
GHANA

BRIEFS

BLACKSMITHS TO ASSIST FARMERS—All local blacksmiths in the Agona District

in the Central Region have been registered for the purpose of bringing them

to the centre of a rural industry programme. They have been grouped in

areas which will serve as farmers' centres to produce simple farm implements, like hoes, matchets and pick axes. The Agona District Secretary,

Mr. Kwame Forson, said the aim was to tap the creative talents of this ageold industry which has remained undeveloped due to lack of support. [Text]

[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1635]

ASSISTANCE FOR GOLD WELCOME—Genuine assistance from Britain and the US

to rejuvenate Ghana's gold industry would be welcome, Flt-Lt. Rawlings has

declared adding that such assistance should not tie down the nation to any

economic philosophy. In an American televised interview he said the type

of assistance should also respect the ingenuity and creativity of the

people. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1635]

EDUCATION CAMPAIGN STUDIES BUDGET—The Ministry of Information began on

July 1 a three-month public education campaign throughout Ghana for better

understanding and appreciation of the economic recovery programme, the

1983 budget and the mobilisation programme. It is known as the "Mobilising

the People for National Reconstruction" Campaign. [Text] [London WEST

AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1635]

ALLIED FOODS MEETING—The management of Allied Food Ltd., formerly

Cadbury (Ghana) Ltd., failed to attend a meeting arranged by Mr. Ato

Austin, Secretary of Labour and Social Welfare in Accra. This however did

not stop the other invited groups, the local union and WDC of Allied Foods,

from going on with the meeting. Mr. I. K. Dziwonu, vice-chairman of the

WDC, explained that the workers had not taken over the factory, but had

occupied it to bring management and workers to the negotiating table, to

resolve the conflict between them. He said the WDC was prepared to give

documents to the Secretary, Mr. Austin, for his study in order not to be

biased about the situation. Mr. Ato Austin had earlier explained that the

management's inability to attend the meeting was because they felt the

occupation of the factory by workers was a complete take-over. He, however,

promised the workers another worker-management meeting to resolve the issue,

and said he would visit the factory to see things for himself. [Text]

[London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1635]

29
IDLE COTTON—The Upper West Regional Secretary, Mr. Joseph Yieleh Chireh,

has ordered the ginning of about 100,000 kg. of cotton locked up at the

multi-million cedi Tumu ginnery. Mr. Chiren had been told that while

farmers were in need of cotton seeds, the ginnery could not be put into

operation because it has not been officially commissioned. He warned that

if his order was not carried out within a week, the cotton would be

conveyed to Wa for ginning. The 030m. ginnery is owned by the Upper

Regional Agricultural Development Programme. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA

in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 p 1635]

1983 BUDGET REVISIONS—The minimum daily wage has been raised from 021.19

to 025. Dr. Kwesi Botchway, Secretary for Finance and Economic Planning,

announced the increase and other revisions of the 1983 budget aimed at

easing hardships. These included price cuts for matches (from 01 to 80

pesewas), Crocodile matchets (050 to 045), and Dragon matchets (down to

040). Dr. Botchway told representatives of the TUC and the Employers'

Association that it was important to look at the budget as a package,

rather than consider the individual revised proposals. He said the PNDC

had also considered reviews of the transport, rent and food situation.

The entire fleet of workers' buses would be rehabilitated. The government

would also continue to sell commodities to workers at their workplaces and

alongside the People's Shops. All sides agreed that the budget would be

reviewed after six months depending on the performance of the budget and

the recovery programme. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439,

11 Jul 83 p 1623]

CSO: 3400/1669

30
LESOTHO

BRIEFS

6-MONTH ENTRY ENDORSEMENT—South African border post officials today

continued to return Basotho passport holders who do not have a 6-month

entry endorsement at both Maseru and Fiksburg border posts, and at Fiksburg

border post South African border post officials are distributing a notice

of tighter control which will start on Monday next week on goods that enter

Lesotho. The notice reads as follows, quote: As from Monday 25 July 1983,

an invoice stating the items and the price thereof is required for all goods

being exported to Lesotho. The invoice must be handed in at the border

post. All items are subjected to inspection, unquote. Since Tuesday

this week, South African border post officials have been telling Basotho

who do not have the 6-month endorsement that they are not allowed to travel

to South Africa because Lesotho has African National Congress people who

attack South Africa from this country. Their names and personal particulars

are taken down, and they are told to return in a month's time. The Ministry

of Foreign Affairs yesterday said they had received no formal explanation

from Pretoria on the latest border clampdown at border posts with Lesotho.

[Text] [MB221253 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 22 Jul 83]

CSO: 3400/1683

31
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

CIVILIAN RULE TIMETABLE, FINANCING--The People's Redemption Council (PRC)

has said it cannot endorse the time-table for the return to civilian rule

until it has enough money to pay for it. In a letter to Dr. Amos Sawyer,

chairman of the Constitution Commission, Commander-in-Chief S. K. Doe, the

Head of State, said the PRC "cannot fully endorse [implementation of the

time-table] until the means to successfully finance the almost $3m.

project can be determined". Rather than adopt the whole time-table, Dr.

Doe told Dr. Sawyer that the PRC preferred to proceed by addressing itself

to a step-by-step implementation according to funds available. Dr. Doe

added that the matter should be handled "cautiously" so as not to cause a

condifence problem, reported the DAILY OBSERVER. He asked the Constitution

Commission to submit details of its current financial position to the

PRC, and assured it of the government's support for the Commission's

efforts to solicit external assistance for successful execution of its

mandate. According to the Head of State, the new budget would continue to

"enhance" the Commission's work. The newspaper reported that a group of

concerned citizens were planning a national fund-raising campaign to help

finance the Commission. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439,

11 Jul 83 p 1636] The Constitution Commission has opened an account known

as the "Return to Civilian Rule 1985" account, at the Chase Manhattan

Bank, according to a recent issue of the independent DAILY OBSERVER

newspaper. The paper said the account will receive all contributions

(invested) to help the National Constitution Drafting commission implement

its time-table. The account is a non-profit savings account. All those

who wish to contribute to the fund may simply go to the bank and inform the

tellers that they wish to make a donation to the "Return to Civilian Rule

1985 Fund", the paper reported. The decision to open the account was made

by the National Constitution Commission at its meeting on Friday, June 24.

[Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 11 Jul 83 p 1636]

32
PALM OIL PLANT AGREEMENT—The Buto Palm Estate in Butaw District, Sinoe

County, is to process palm oil locally as a result of a $5m. agreement signed

between the Government of Liberia and Vende Korckove Company (VDK), a Belgian

firm in-Monrovia. Under the agreement, VDK is to bring a palm processing

mill capable of processing 10 tons or more of Fresh Fruit Branches (FFB)

at the estate. The mill is due within six-seven months. The financial components of the agreement provide that the Liberian Government will pay 30 per

cent of the $5m. from a soft loan granted by the Belgian Government. The

rest of the money will be paid from the proceeds of the mill project over a

period of six years with a year's grace period. The General Manager of VDK,

Mr. Phillipe Geeraert, signed for his company. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA

in English 18 July 83 p 1686]

CSO: 3400/1719

33
MOZAMBIQUE

MOZAMBIQUE BANK OFFICIAL ON COOPERATION

PM261215 Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 16 Jul 83 pp 1, 24

[Unattributed interview with Governor of Bank of Mozambique Prakash Ratilal

15 July in Lisbon]

[Excerpts] "We feel today that our cooperation is comprehensive, that it

covers all areas," Governor of the Bank of Mozambique Prakash Ratilal told

EXPRESSO yesterday, a few hours before the signing of the cooperation agreements between Portugal and Mozambique. As Foreign Minister Jaime Gama said

later, the agreements now concluded cover the sociocultural, scientific,

and technological sectors of health, transportation, meteorology, agriculture,

and industry.

Jaime Gama said in his speech at the conclusion of the ceremony: "I also

cannot fail to note once more that it has not yet been possible to resolve

the issue of the transference of the pensions of thousands of Portuguese

citizens and of Portuguese enterprises' claims on the People's Republic of

Mozambique. We remain confident that the People's Republic of Mozambique

will soon resolve these two problems which worry us so much...."

"The cooperation between Portugal and Mozambique seems to us today a national

consensus in Portugal," the governor of the Mozambique Central Bank emphasized.

"We had working meetings with the prime minister, the deputy premier and defense minister, and the ministers of state, foreign affairs, and finance, in

addition to working meetings with several people in charge of cooperation and

of the sectors which invest or could invest most in Mozambique. We were also

received by the president of the Republic."

"It is to be emphasized," Prakash Ratilal stressed, "that our relations of cooperation now have sound foundations. Paths have been mapped out and institutions with their own dynamic [word omitted] have been set up. They continue

to cooperate even during government crises or changes of governments. An indication of what I am saying is that we signed important agreements, work on

which is of long standing and was begun by the previous government on sound

foundations."

Prakash Ratilal, one of the political cadres of the Mozambique younger gener->

ation, who has conducted delicate and complex negotiations in various parts of

3k
the world, said that at these meetings there were talks and conversations, and

that these are useful because they clarify ideas and prepare initiatives.

"There is currently a different atmosphere," he added. "Every time we meet

we throw more earth on the corpse of colonialism."

And in terms of specific agreements?

"The day before yesterday we signed the $40 million (about 4.8 million contos)

financial agreement to complete the long term financing on easy terms by the

French Government, and also a large donation by the Canadian Government.

This financing is earmarked for the restoration of the Nacala-Malawi railroad

(as far as Entre Lagos), with a distance of about 600 km."

A 1 million contos agreement with long-term repayment, which will enable

Mozambique to make transferences of part of the volunteer workers * wages, at

the same time as contributing to increased cooperation on the human level,

was also signed.

"This is an agreement based on credit," Prakash Ratilal told us. "The Portuguese state pays the volunteer workers the percentage of the agreed wages,

and Mozambique will repay Portugal after a certain time in hard currency.

This will enable us to alleviate some pressures in the foreign exchange field,

moreover, induce more volunteer workers to work in Mozambique."

Various initiatives figure in the signed protocol, including, it is to be emphasized, operations in the fields of construction, technical assistance,

vocational training, agriculture, meteorology, and fisheries. As regards

culture, it is expected that a "Mozambique week" will soon be held in Lisbon,

and that a Portuguese cultural center will be set up in Maputo. Other

countries—specifically, France and India—are preparing to set up cultural

centers in the Mozambique capital.

There are also firm ideas for setting up joint production and marketing enterprises, the instances of fisheries—specifically, for shrimps—and the production of tobacco, cotton, and sisal having already been discussed. The joint

enterprise, now at an advanced stage, to be set up in the tobacco sector will

have, on the Portuguese side, the cooperation of Tabaqueira, and in the instance of cotton, Riopel. However, on the Portuguese side, certain incentives

which prevent the more rapid setting up of joint enterprises will need to be

unblocked.

As for the military apsect, a specialized mission which took stock of the

infrastructures in which Portugal could have an important role to play—

especially as regards reconstructing certain barracks left behind by the

colonial armed forces—recently visited Mozambique.

Among the projects in this field, EXPRESSO has learned that a military uniforms factory is being considered, which could export to Zimbabwe and to

Angola, these two countries having already given the operation their approval,

35
insofar as they have agreed to use the uniforms. Because of Zimbabwe, they

will certainly be of the British type.

What are the changes of Mozambique relations with South Africa? We asked the

head of the Mozambique delegation.

"The main problem regarding South Africa is not dependent on each of the independent countries. It is dependent on South Africa itself. The South African

regime must recognize that it is the prisoner of a very profound contradiction

with respect to the South African citizen. It needs to weaken and destabilize the Angolan, Mozambique, Zimbabwean economies, in the belief that it can

thus resolve its own problem. To this end it uses various mechanisms:

economic blackmail, pressure, bribery, corruption, aggression. This latter

is carried out by armed groups with the sole mission of destruction."

And what about the United States?

"Recently, thanks to thorough work together with several other countries, we

have reached a degree of deeper understanding with the United States that enables us to foresee prospects for peace in the region. The United States has

made a special declaration regarding southern Africa, according to which the

armed group known as the'/Mozambique National Resistance was formed in South

Africa. This was a reply by the State Department to written questions in the

'Africa Report.*"

We could not omit to discuss with Prakash Ratilal Mozambique's dependence on

the Soviet Union.

"If we are now cooperating with Portugal on an equal footing, it is because

we are an independent country, having waged a national liberation struggle,"

the Mozambique delegation leader said.

"Many friends helped us at that time, including the Soviet Union and China, as

well as certain Western countries, such as Sweden, for instance. Our relations with the socialist countries have proved to be frankly positive. With

them we have drawn up large-scale plans for the transformation of the material

base of dependence that colonialism bequeathed to us, and we are going to

strengthen our cooperation. We have special relations with Portugal too,

and very good relations with Italy, France, Sweden, other Nordic countries,

and Brazil. But it must be quite clear that we are not changing our foreign

policy. It is not we who have distanced ourselves from the West. It was the

latter that initially distanced itself from us. Apart from which, attempts

have been made to attribute forms of dependence to Mozambique, often by virtue

of a racist view of mankind. The basic aim of our struggle is to become more

and more Mozambique. We are free to choose our own forms of dependence, which,

as far as we are concerned, amount to cooperation. We sign contracts with the

Soviet Union and we sign them with the West too. Recently we signed with the

Americans and British an agreement for oil prospecting in the Rovuma triangle,

and negotiations are going on with a view to defining areas for fishing and

the exploration of the continental shelf with several companies from various

parts of the world. The continental shelf has already been examined by a

36
British and Norwegian company and, as for the exploration of coal deposits,

there is French, Italian, Swedish, GDR, Brazilian, and Soviet involvement.

"Analyzing all this, I do not see how people cna still talk about subjection to this or that country. But neither can one talk about a change in our

foreign policy. We are the same as we have always been."

CSO: 3442/304

37
NIGERIA

POLITICAL SITUATION IN GONGOLA STATE DESCRIBED

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 3 Jul 83 pp 6-7

[Article by Haruna Izah]

[Text] As flight WT.650 began its final descent to Yola, capital of Gongola

State, a middle-aged man sitting next to me shifted his bulky size and pronounced almost to no one in particular his happiness to be back in Gongola

"the good state." "It is nice to go back to the cool comfort of the Gongola

Plateau, after [words illegible] long stay in Kano was marked by dry weather

*

nA and severe ~°-"<"-° heat."

When I asked whw was

particularly good about

Gongola State that he so

much liked, he replied that

.as a citizen of the state "it is

incumbent on me to identify

with the state" "Gongola is

a rich, vast state with good

weather and deligent people, capable oftransforming

the state into the breadbasket of the country" our bulky sized man further explained to me with apparent

enthusiasm. Indeed the

Gongola Broadcasting CorIporation, commonly called

G.B.C. extols the virtue oi

the state almost on an hourly basis.

True, Gongola people

are proud of their state.

And it is indeed a vast, fertile state with talented people, whose combined

strength and resources can

be utilized lev the good of

the state.

in fact out of the three

states created from the former north-eastern state,

Gongola has more manpower than either Borno or

Bauchi States. Unfortunately today, in terms of intrustmet ural development

it is the most backward.

The people of the state

seem acutely aware of this

state of underdevelopment,

and they do not attempt to

conceal their despair on the

slow pace of progress there.

"I am particularly bitter

that while other states are

running, we here seem to be

crawling" one civil servant

told me in Jimeta. But there

v are some who appeared to

take a stoic view of the

situation. The partisan

among them the deplorable

"state of affairs on federal

neglect. Infact most people

prefer to call, Gongola,

"Nigeria's forgotten state."

Yet Gongola pounds,

with its about 104 ethnic

groups, an almost half

-- Christian, half Moslem

population and a sharp

sense of history may not be

determined by its relative

state of backwardness or so

much with the personalities

of the political actors, but

very likely by perception of

history and the manipulation of sentiments.

This is why the emergence ofthe NPP as a formidable party in the state aftei

the Desintegration of the

GNPP may explain the nature of its politics, politics

whose direction does not

necessary explain itself on

past performance. It is in

this regard that one can

view the GNPP government

and current politics in the

state.

The Barde administration can not be regarded as a

success, from any angle one

looks at it. Infact even its

most ardent supporters give

a qualified pass mark by

blaming whatever fault the

dministration has on

federal Government negect. His political opponent

on the other hand dismiss

the government as a total failure.

True, the relative underdevelopment of Gongola

State is not the handiwork

of the Barde administration

atone. Successive governments from the first republic to the various military

38
regimes had done little to

develop the state in terrns of'

physical infrastructure,

especially industries, despite the fact that the state

had many influential people

at both regional and Federal

levels.

Presently, there are just

about one or two soft drink

industries in the state. But

since the advent of the present government, diere

appeared to be muddled

sqnse of priorities. The government embarked upon

gigantic projects that it

could ill-afford financially,

such as the $442 million state

secretariat.

"The government was

advised to initiate revenue

yielding ventures such as a

cooperative bank, insurance and brewery, but such

advice was pushed aside"

one insider of the government explained to me.

Now, there are quite a

number of abandoned projects in the state, such as the

Gongola brewery, the state

secretariat, an international

hotel and even the road

leading to the Government

House has been left unferred, after work has started

on its renovation!

Still against such a background of poor performance, why has the NPP

made such an evident gain

lately in the state, which

may very likely tilt the balance of power in the forthcoming elections in its

favour? During my recent

eleven-day sojourn in the

state, travelling widely,

going from south to the

north, the presence and

support of the NPP was so

apparent and sometimes

even bordering on fanaticsm.

But if it is easy to explain

the tremendous upsurge for

the NPP in the state, it is not

all that easy finding a plausible explanation for the fanaticsm displayed to a party

which in the 1979 elections

came a poor fourth, with

just four members in the

State Assembly.

However, there are indeed some factors that have

made the NPP what it is today in Gongola State. First

the disintegration of the

GNPP in the state and the

subsequent declaration of

Governor Barde to the party meant that Barde as a

candidate, could still tap the

facilities of incumbency to

the advantage of the NPP,

since there is an excellent

understanding betweer

candidate Barde and Governor Wilberforce Juta.

Thus within a snort time,

a sleeping NPP was transformed into a potent force,

with structures all over the

state. The state-wide campaign undertaken by the

former Governor of Kano

Jätate, Alhaji Mohammed'

Abubakar Rimi early this

year gave an added boost to

the image of the party and

Alhaji Abubakar Barde, as

the campaign team stormed

the state spreading the message of "change and power"

with determirjed vigour.

Perhaps much more

important is that Gongola

politics as explained earlier

revolves around the politics

of the "minorities" versus

the Fulanis, or at least this

sentiment is manipulated to

the advantage of the

"minority" candidates.

The so-called minorities

take the an acceptional note

ofthe "Fulani domination,"

most especially in the past

and their control of the

bureaucracy even now and

often it seems they are

ready to translate it into an

electoral weapon.

Ex-(Jovernor Barde is a

"minority" but so also is

Reverend Wilson Sabiya

the UPN governorship

candidate. The use of the

concept minority is essential

within the bourgeois

framework. Actually it is a

class concept cutting across

ethnic line.

39
Infact the UPN came

second in the 1979 elections, with eighteen members in the state Assembly,

and Wilson Sabiya is a very

articulate person who takes

a class analysis of the politics of Gongola.

"We are fighting the

establishment in the state

who are out to protect their

interests and those of the

rich to the detriment of the

poor, who happen to come

from all the ethnic groupsin

the state."

"It is not true that the

UPN is fighting the Fulanis

but a class that dominates

and exploit even its people"

Reverend Sabiya stated to

me in a-hour-long interview

I had with him.

Yet Barde's advantage

over Sabiya is that even

though "he (Barde) is a

moslem, he is not an 'Islamic Malam'.

"The tag 'reverend'

seemed to work against Wilson Sabiya, in a multireligious Gongola," one

political commentator explained. His political opponents cherish promoting the

idea that he is axhristian

^candidate campaigning for

Christian interests in the

state.

"This is patently false, p

am for all the people in the

state, whether moslems,

Christians or pagans. All I

am concerned is to form a

good government that caters for their welfare",

Sabiya forcefully defended

his position. Indeed talking

to Reverend Sabiya, there

was no trace in him that he is

a religious zealot out to

promote the cause of his religion at the expense of

another faith. However this

is politics, and especially in.

a bourgeois one, politicians

would certainly capitalize

on the slightest, even trivial

things to reap cheap political points.

The NPN has its own problems too, some self-created,

others brought upon it by

circumstances. And even

CSO: 3400/1679

the zeal with which Alhaji

Bamanga Tukur, its governorship candidate

stormed the state seems to

be sapping, ifslightly. To be

sure, the media have given

Bamanga Tukur what one

may term over-coverage

and focus.

Before my travel to the

state, I had thought the battle for 1983 in Gongola was

going to be a close fight between the NPN and the

UPN. It was as if the NPP

existed only at the borderlines. But since my journey

across the state from

Wukari to Yola to Mubi and

Numan and Jalingo, I have

discovered from talking to

both the highly placed and

ordinary people that the

political fight will be raged

between the NPP, UPN and

NPN, with the NPP being at

an advantage.

Indeed Bamanga Tukur

is not without some enemies

even in the NPN. As one

political observer stated to

me, that "some topnotchers of the party think

he is not from the right Fulani hierarchy and they would

not mind if he is defeated",.

There is also the accusation by some party officials

that since his return to Gongola State for the gubernatorial race, he has taken

over the state secretariat of

the party and made it like

his personal estate.

And despite spending a

staggering fortune on the

campaigns and his so-called

achievements at the ports

authority, the majority of

the people of. Gongola are

unlikely to give their votes

to a party and a person they

regard either rightly or

wrongly as coming from an

oppressor group.

In the end by curious circumstances, trie people of

Gongola may witness

another four years with

Barde, and the only thing

they may wish is that these

four years become periods

of completed projects

rather than abandoned

structures.

Uo
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

KADUNA PT STRIKE—Kaduna, 25 Jul (NAN)—About 3,000 workers of the P and T

department in Kaduna today went on an indefinite strike for non-payment of

their June and July salaries. Many people, who went to the post office to

buy stamps or postal orders, were not attended to. A NEWS AGENCY of NIGERIA

(NAN) correspondent reports that some workers were sitting idle in the

premises while others stood in groups, outside their offices, discussing

the issue. The branch chairman of the National Union of the P and T

Employees, Mr Philip Ahci, said that all negotiations with the P and T

management to pay their outstanding salaries and allowances had failed.

The P and T territorial controller in Kaduna state, Mr Pharouk Saidu,

described the workers' action as a blackmail, adding that the problem of

non-payment of salaries in P and T was not peculiar to the state. Mr Saidu

said that the territory now generated funds locally to pay its staff.

[Text] [AB260842 Lagos NAN in English 0835 GMT 26 Jul 83]

CSO: 3400/1680

Ul
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH CUBA—The Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and

Principe (MLSTP) and the Communist Party of Cuba signed on Monday a cooperation agreement for 1983-1985. The agreement was signed by Tome Dias da

Costa, member of the MLSTP Political 'Bureau', and Jesus Montane, member

of the Communist Party of Cuba Central Committee Secretariat. [Text]

[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Jun 83 p 5]

CSO: 3442/303

U2
SOUTH AFRICA

THREAT TO S. AFRICA, CENTRAL AMERICA COMPARED

MB200902 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 20 Jul 83

[Station commentary]

[Text] Southern Africa and Central America have this global significance

in common: that they are both among the strategic regions of the world

against which the Soviet Union is pursuing an unremitting drive for influence

and control. That fact provides a crucial link between two superficially

unrelated events in the news: the visit being paid by President Ceausescu

of Romania to Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Mozambique, and President Reagan's

appointment of a commission to recommend policy to strengthen Central

America against communist aggression. And it provides the missing link

in the ECONOMIST'S analysis this week of South African foreign policy in

Southern Africa, which it describes as built on the reality of South Africa's

military and economic power.

When he assumed office nearly 3 years ago, President Ronald Reagan pledged

effective action against Soviet imperialism. He stated that such action

required a clear recognition of the multi-pronged Soviet offensive against

Western strategic interests in critical regions of the world. His secretary

of state General Haig elaborated on the policy. The most persistent troubles

in U.S.-Soviet relations, he said, arise from Soviet intervention in regional

conflicts, aggravating tensions and hampering the search for peaceful solutions,

That is the context in which the upheavals in Central America are viewed.

President Reagan's commission is headed, by Dr Henry Kissinger, whose brief

is clear. The issue, the president has said in a report to Congress, is

simply one of America's will to act against Soviet aggression in the world.

The security not only of the Americas, but ultimately of the world, depends

on the answer.

Nowhere is a demonstration of American will more clearly and urgently needed

than in Central America. Cuba today is an arsenal financed by the Kremlin

at the rate of $8 million a day for communist aggression in Africa, Asia

and the Americas. On the doorstep of the United States they have succeeded

so far in seizing control of Grenada and Nicaragua, and the main targets of

their terrorist operations now are El Salvador and Honduras.

U3
The Kissinger commission's task, says administration officials, is to draw

up a coordinated military and economic program to beat off the onslaught.

In Southern Africa, the threat is less immediate but more pervasive. The

American Geological Institute has described the Soviet interest in these

terms: an offensive being conducted by the Soviet Union against the West

designed to interrupt or deny access to strategic and critical minerals

indispensible to the economy and defense. Two of the region's governments—

those of Mozambique and Angola—have more or less openly declared their status

as Soviet proteges. Tanzania is regarded as dependable, from the Kremlin's

point of view, and Zambia as marginally less so, both (?fallen) hostage

for continued military supplies.

The diplomatic thrust is in all directions. At present Zimbabwe and Lesotho

lead the field with recently opened embassies of the Soviet Union, Red China,

Cuba and a variety of other satellites. Part of the pay-off for the puppeteer

has been experienced by South Africa, in the widening range of launching

pads for the operations of Soviet-sponsored terrorist movements.

Dr Chester Crocker states that the real choice America will face in

Southern Africa in the 80's concerns our readiness to compete with our global

adversary. In regional terms, that is also the choice with which South

Africa is faced. If it is to deal effectively with the threat, its foreign

policy also must include the coordinated and appropriate use of military

and economic power.

CSO: 3400/1683

uu
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC LEADERSHIP'S OBJECTIVES DETAILED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 6 Jul 83 pp 1,4

[Text]

In the past year ANC leaders have been focussing

on three highly important aspects of the movement

in its long drive towards power in South Africa:

1) Political. The main question is whether the

leadership can or should project the image of a nonsectarian, broad movement capable of embracing -

on the one hand - the Christian, reformist liberalism

articulated 30 years ago by the late Chief Albert

Luthuli, while simultaneously absorbing the

influence of the doctrinaire, revolutionary Moscowtied South African Communist Party (SACP), which

remains very strongly represented within the ANC,

especially at the top. The ANC also has to decide

what relationship (if any) it believes it can profitably

maintain with the legal opposition, black and white,

within SA. As a multi-racial movement the ANC

also has to meet the challenge presented by specifically black nationalist movements such as the fading

Black Consciousness Movement (BCM - which operates both in exile and under other guises in SA)

and from the much older breakaway Pan-Africanist

Congress (PAC), internally trouble? but not yet

irrelevant (AC Vol 23 No 25).

2) Tactical. The strategy for obtaining power divides into two: economic and military.

a) Economic policy has scarcely changed. It aims at an eventual

flight of capital and white skills. More debatable is the ANC

approach to the burgeoning legal black and multi-racial trade

unions within SA (AC Vol 23 No 14), especially those connected

to the BCM, which is hostile to the multi-racialism of the

ANC.

b) Military policy debate now centres on the timing, scale and

types of violence that may effectively be directed against the

SA'state. In particular, some interpreters argue that the Pretoria

car bomb of May 1983, which killed at least 19 blacks and

whites, including civilians, may presage a greater readiness to

practise random terror in pursuit of the ultimate goal. These

questions are still under debate.

3) Foreign alignments. The desire of key ANC

leaders to stay non-sectarian has enabled the movement to keep links across a wide spectrum of international support. Indeed, there are signs - as yet,

small - that the movement would like to diversify

its foreign relations out of its rather exclusively proMoscow orbit, to include China and liberal Western

states such as Sweden.

Tactical military requirements mean that the

ANC's relations with black African states, especially

in southern Africa, are necessarily delicate and

unstable, but can at present be fairly easily characterised (see below). Partly because of SA's increasingly

Israeli-style tendency to strike beyond its borders,

all southern African countries are becoming vulnerable to destabilisation, whether or not they openly

give succour to the ANC.

The ANC has constantly to evaluate its attitude

and policy towards:

• Liberalism in South Africa. It is much more of a

problem for liberals, such as the Progressive Reform

Party (PRP), to decide how they should relate to

the ANC rather than vice versa. The PRP, including

its leader, Frederick van Zyl Slabbert, and those on

the party's left, such as Helen Suzman, stress the

historical legitimacy of the ANC. But they have to

equivocate awkwardly when the ANC perpetrates

acts of violence. The violence itself is condemned

but then it is argued, mitigated by the evil of apartheid. While a growing number of young whites are

unconvinced by the Tightness of military service,

especially on (and across) the Angola/Namibia border, the PRP cannot actually defend draft dodging.

Caught in such cleft sticks, the PRP faces sneering

contempt from most of the ANC. If P.W. Botha is

to implement any real reforms it will be even harder

for the PRP to pose as a convincing opposition

within the legal parliamentary arena. At the same

time it will remain hard for the PRP to align itself

with the aims of the ANC so long as the PRP is

against violence. In addition, though the PRP now

U5
espouses a form of one-person-one-vote, it is unkeen,

given the size and fears of the non-black minority,

about the viability or justice of the ANC's demand

for a Unitarian state.

• Chief Gatsha Buthelezi and Inkatha. Since

Inkatha publicised the contact between Buthelezi and

ANC president-general Oliver Tambo in London

about three years ago, the ANC has hardened its

hostility while privately acknowledging that the

300,000-plus members of Inkatha are by far the

most powerful black movement legally opposed to

apartheid within SA. Time, however, is on the

ANC's side. The longer Buthelezi proves unable to

produce tangible results, the more the urban blacks,

including Zulus, will reject him, isolating Inkatha

support to rural KwaZulu. (Already it is debatable

how much the Zulus in Soweto back Buthelezi.

He has not yet decided whether to "take over"

community councils there by participating in this

year's elections. Last time only 6% of Sowetans

voted).

ANC stresses the Zulu tribalism inherent within

Inkatha, which does however claim a membership

beyond the Zulus. Buthelezi himself often stresses

that the "six million Zulus" are much the largest

single group within South Africa, and points to the

low Zulu representation at the top of the ANC.

(Moses Mabhida, who is also secretary-general of the

SACP, and Johnny Makatini, ANC representative at

the UN, are the only Zulus at the top of the ANC.

Xhosas, such as Nelson Mandela, Tambo, Walter

Sisulu and Govan Mbeki, are much more visible).

Nonetheless Buthelezi also emphasises his own

devotion to the "historical ANC". It is still possible,

indeed, for Zulus to sympathise strongly with the

present ANC while simultaneously acknowledging a

positive role for Buthelezi as an able figure of

opposition within the SA framework. The ANC

would certainly be foolish to discount Buthelezi

altogether, though the Chief's room for manoeuvre

is being squeezed.

• The Black Consciousness Movement (BCM).

Here, too, the ANC has always been ambivalent,

honouring the late Steve Biko as a charismatic leader

but never quite endorsing his beliefs, many of which

run counter to the tenets of ANC multiracialism and

class-based as opposed to race-based analysis. But

the problem has subsided. The BCM created essentially a mood, not a policy blueprint. The ANC

recognises that mood helped "conscientise" blacks.

Many blacks, both within and outside the ANC, feel

the BCM has served but now ended its purpose.

Many, such as Biko's close lieutenant Barney

Pityana, have moved over to the ANC. And many

of the leadership and membership of movements

such as the Azanian People's Organisation

(AZAPO), a just-legal offshoot of the BCM inside

SA, started to move towards the ANC, causing

considerable factionalism and the deposition of the

leader, Curtis Nkondo.

However, many blacks who left SA in the postSoweto exodus of 1976 may still be imbued by black

consciousness: it is a cast of mind that the ANC has

had to accommodate. This may partly account for

renewed pressure against the more doctrinaire, Marxist elements of the ANC and may have pushed

forward black Africans such as Thabo Mbeki (son

of Govan), as against radicals of white, Coloured

and Indian origin.

• The Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC). The ANC

makes clear its outright hostility to this post-1960

breakaway, led by the late Robert Sobukwe, many

of whose objections to the ANC are shared by the

BCM. For its part, the ANC condemns what it sees

as the "black racism" of the PAC. Under the new

leadership of John Nyati Pokela "(AC Vol 23 No

25), the PAC has been stabilising following the

turbulent years under Potlako Leballo. But the ANC

simply hopes that international support for the PAC

will wither away. This could happen (see below).

• The South African Communist Party (SACP).

This poses the ANC's most delicate political problem. Since 1955, when the SACP joined the ANC

in the Congress Alliance, the two groups have been

very close, with the SACP recognising the ANC's

role as the leading movement. But the SACP also

maintains itself as an entirely distinct entity, believing

that its values of extreme discipline, centralised

secrecy and proximity to Moscow require totally

separate SACP membership within the ANC. It is a

"cadre party", not a "mass party": "We let people

come to us, and they do", said an SACP member

recently. The SACP is disproportionately represented within the leadership of the ANC, providing

between a third and a half of the membership of

both the National Executive Committee (the ANC's

top body) and of the Revolutionary Council, which,

though answerable to the NEC, has direct control

of the guerrillas of Mkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the

Nation), the ANC army.

The SACP insists that only about 10% of its

members are not black African, but the importance

of such figures as Joe Slovo, the white former

Johannesburg lawyer, and Dr. Yusuf Dadoo, the

SACP chairman, is often criticised by more traditional nationalists and is a constant cause of factionalism within the ANC. It led to the PAC defection

in 1960 and to more recent splits, such as that of

the so-called ANC (African Nationalists) led by

Ambrose Makiwane brothers in 1976 (see AC Vol

20 No 5).

1*6
ANC's international relations

The ANC states that it is open to support from

any part of the world: its friendship with Moscow

is purely pragmatic. On the other hand, the SACP,

which is the oldest Marxist-Leninist party in Africa

(founded in 1921), is strongly wedded ideologically

to the USSR. Two secretaries-general have ended

their days in Moscow: Albert Nzula died there in

1934, Moses Kotane in 1978, and Dadoo's predecessor as chairman, J.B. Marks, in 1972. An example

of SACP loyalty to Moscow is the continuing coolness towards the ZANU government in Harare,

which the SACP already characterises as having

"sold out" to the multinationals and international

capital. The ANC, on the other hand, has been trying

to establish good relations with Robert Mugabe, who

nevertheless refuses to allow the ANC a formal

presence in Harare. The current SACP secretarygeneral, Mabhida, publicly favours the Soviet role

in Afghanistan.

The ANC does not publish the names of its top

bodies. The National Executive Committee probably

numbers around 10 members: Tambo; Alfred Nzo,

secretary-general; Dadoo; SIovo; Thabo Mbeki; Josiah Jele, director of foreign affairs; Thomas Nkobi,

treasurer-general; Stephen Dlamini, president of the

South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU);

Mabhida; and possibly Reg September, former leader of the South African Coloured People's Congress. The Revolutionary Council probably includes

Tambo, Nzo, Slovo and Mbeki. Although Govan

Mbeki is thought to be a member both of the ANC

and SACP, it is uncertain whether his son Thabo

shares this dual allegiance.

The ANC has been cautious, resisting romantic

notions of a spontaneous uprising until many years

of groundwork are ready to bear fruit. Small

vertically-controlled cells, some of them multi-racial'

are being built up in the towns and in the rural

areas. Mkhonto is thought to number between 8,000

and 10,000 trained guerrillas. Though they are gradually infiltrating mainly from Mozambique and

through the Transvaal, they are now present probably in hundreds rather than thousands throughout

SA, as the attack against the Koeberg nuclear power

plant near Cape Town in 1981 showed.

Most guerrilla recruits exit through Botswana,

though many go through Swaziland or through the

northern Transvaal to Mozambique, while an increasing number go to Lesotho. Thereafter they are

flown to Zambia, where the ANC has its secretariat,

before rapid transfer either to Tanzania (for civilian

training) or to Angola (for military). In the past few

years Angola has taken over from Tanzania as the

mam haven for military training. Tambo and Slovo

spend an increasing amount of time in Luanda,

tl?pugh__Slovo is often in Maputo. Mozambique is

not known to permit the ANC any permanent bases.

ANC cadres receive specialist training in the USSR

and Eastern Europe.

The Pretoria car bomb outside the Air Force

headquarters in May this year is seen in some quarters as a change of tactics to include random terror.

The likelihood, however, is that the ANC will continue in at least the short-term to concentrate specifically on economic and military targets. It is possible

that the car bomb attack may not have been directed

from the top. On the other hand, there is certainly

a faction within the ANC that would adopt far more

violent tactics against, for instance, prominent white

and black civilian figures within SA.

figures within SA.

The chief ANC aim is to drive out white skills

and provoke a loss of capital and confidence in

business. Blacks within SA are already flexing more

economic muscle through consumer boycotts of factories and goods considered especially culpable. The

key economic area of interest, however, is trade

unionism. Here the ANC has become very active,

after a long period of hesitation over whether to

approve of legal trade union groups, such as FOSATU and CUSA, which, were wrongly written off

by some ANC radicals as Uncle Tomorgans. A

further difficulty is that some unions, especially

those within the CUSA grouping, such as the motor

industry's MACWUSA, follow the black consciousness creed. The government has been trying to establish a link between radical trade union leaders,

such as Thozamile Gqueta of SAAWU, but without

success. It is highly likely, nonetheless, that the ANC

has - perhaps belatedly - begun to infiltrate the

trade unions successfully. That, it may be assumed,

was the assignment of Barbara Hogan, sentenced to

10 years imprisonment last year for "high treason".

Most African countries, while recognising the

growth of the ANC, also recognise the PAC, but

there have been signs that Tanzania, a hitherto

evenhanded backer of both movements, may freeze

out the PAC. Angola, Algeria and other leftist

African states have been demanding this for years,

though Nigeria , has remained evenhanded too. The

emergence of Angola as the ANC's chief host may

also signify the ANC's continuing attachment to the

East Bloc. But on the other hand Tambo's visit to

China at the end of May, and Pekin's apparent

promise to provide arms and training, previously

granted only to the PAC, may denote a deliberate

broadening of ANC's international relations. *

Under president Quett Masire, Botswana, very

much in the economic thrall of SA, has become

slightly more audacious. Though there has been

intelligence cooperation between SA and Botswana

in the past, the Gaborone government may now be

turning a blinder eye to SA dissident activity in the

country. Swaziland, on the other hand, remains

hi
neutral in favour of South Africa, especially while

the government in Mbabane is hoping for large parts

of KaNgwane and Ingwavuma to be transferred

from South Africa to Swaziland. After the death

of King Sobhuza, it appeared that the relatively

modernist section of government under Mabandla

Dlamini which seemed in the ascendant, would be

more friendly to the ANC. But since the ousting of

Mabandla in March in favour of the more traditionalist wing under Prince Bhekimpi, the pro-South

Africans are back on top, to the chagrin of the

ANC.

The situation of Lesotho is of particular interest.

The South Africans are disturbed by Chief Jonathan's establishment of diplomatic links with Moscow and Pekin and the rupture with Taiwan. The

Chief visited several East Bloc countries this year.

Although the SA raid against Maseru last December

led to many civilian deaths, it is probable that it was

designed essentially to frighten the ANC there: it

was a small presence but had been growing. There

are still nearly 11,000 black exiles from SA in Lesotho, of which only 5,000 are on the UNHCR books.

After the raid, about 60 ANC officials were flown

out. The-Pretoria government still believes that some

sabotage attacks in the Bloemfontein area are carried

out by guerrillas infiltrating from Lesotho. Since

Jonathan's rival, Ntsu Mokhele of the Lesotho Liberation Front, was expelled from Botswana. After

the death of Seretse Khama, he has been based in

South Africa itself. It is unclear whether the meeting

between Lesotho foreign minister E.R. Sekhonyana

and Roelof 'Pik' Botha led to a real rapprochement.

It is likely that Jonathan has been playing a brave

but dangerous game, given his weakness in the face

of SA.

While SA shows a much greater Israeli-style readiness to operate outside its borders, all black neighbour states are increasingly nervous, especially

Zimbabwe, Zambia and Mozambique. All are loath

to risk being targets of South African reprisals.

Zimbabwe, Zambia, Botswana and Swaziland will

not .allow any major ANC guerrilla presence. But

the strong odds are that somehow the guerrillas will

trickle through. In ten years time there is likely to

be a very substantial guerrilla presence within' South

Africa.

Meanwhile, ANC ideological struggles over the

nature of post-apartheid South Africa will continue.

At present, the radical strain within the ANC and

the strength of the SACP have given the left a clear

advantage. But as the ANC strives to broaden its

appeal and to cultivate links beyond the East Bloc,

as is already happening, it may redevelop into a

movement that will be better placed to negotiate for

a completely new South Africa •

CSO: 3400/1714

hö
AFRIQUE-ASIE EXOCET PRODUCTION CHARGE TERMED 'RUBBISH'

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 22 Jul 83 p 5

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

IT IS unlikely that

South Africa is manufacturing Aerospatiale

Exocet ship-killing missiles, as the Paris-based

journal Afrique-Asie

claimed this week.

Defence circles expressed some amusement at the journal's

contention that Russia

and South Africa had

obtained blueprints of

the Exocet clandestinely and were building

their own versions.

Asian nation

According to reports,

Afrique-Asie claims the

Russians copied two Exocets they received from

the Iranians, who had

captured them from

Iraq, while South Africa

arranged with one of its

official enemies to have

its experts examine a

missile, its blueprints

and technical instructions.

Then the South Africans visited an Asian

nation for discussions

on handling and arming

methods — and by last

year the Exocets were

being turned out by

Armscor.

Neither the SADF nor

Armscor was willing to

comment on the report

this week, but a reliable

source told me: "It's a

nice story, but absolute

rubbish."

The source pointed

out that South Africa already had its Scorpion

ship-killing missile,

with which the fast

strike craft were armed.

The Scorpion was a

match for the Exocet

and like that missile,

could be,updated.

From a practical point

of view there are objections to the claim:

• South Africa would

have to open a highlysophisticated production line to manufacture

the Exocet. Since any

SADF requirement

would be small, the missiles would have a high

unit cost, which could

only be offset if the Republic exported its version in quantity. But the

far larger quantities

produced by Aerospatiale for export would

be much cheaper.

Obsolescence

•If Afrique-Asie's

dates are correct, South

Africa is manufacturing

the production-model

Exocet of two or three

years ago — which is

now on the way to obsolescence.

•Thanks to the world

recession, Armscor has

been short of money for

at least two years, and

much of what it gets is

spent on research and

development of nextgeneration weapons.

CSO: 3400/1712

h9
SOUTH AFRICA

PUBLIC WORKERS IRATE OVER PARLIAMENT PAY RAISE

MB190930 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 19 Jul 83 p 4

[Article by Gerald Reilly, Pretoria Bureau]

[Text] The government is on a collision course with one million public

sector workers unless an early announcement is made on interim salary

increases.

Anger among senior public servants is mounting at the extent of the big

salary increase members of Parliament have voted themselves, while no

assurances have been given to public servants of interim relief.

Leading trade unionists claimed yesterday it was outrageous that politicians

had quietly raised their earnings by more than R600 a month, while ignoring

the desperate plight of the nearly one million workers in the government and

provincial departments, the railways and the Post Office.

The 23 percent hike in the salaries of MPS will bring their total earnings

to about R36,000 a year, including a RIO,000 tax-free reimbursive allowance.

The president of the Trade Union Council of South Africa, Dr Anna Scheepers—

a former senator—said: "If politicians expect other workers to make

sacrifices, then they too should be prepared to give up their increases.

After all, no one will starve on their present earnings."

She stressed it was 18 months since the public sector workers had received

increases. They had been told by the minister of finance, Senator Owen

Horwood, that because of the recession, inflation and lack of funds, they

would get no rise in April.

Dr Scheepers said: "The only solution is for the government to announce

immediately that they intend giving public sector workers increases, or to

refuse their additional R600 a month."

The president of the Federal Council of SATS Staff Associations, Mr Jimmy

Zurich, agreed the government and its MPS should be the first to set an

example and refuse their proposed increases.

Bo
"The 250,000 railway workers have had no increases since April 1982, and with

inflation running at 13 percent their plight has become serious."

Mr Zurich said the minister of transport, Mr Hendrik Schoeman, has agreed

to meet the council next month to discuss interim rises. "We will make the

point strongly that if MPS can unflinchingly give themselves increases, then

there are no grounds for asking railway and other public sector workers to

make sacrifices."

The minister of internal affairs, Mr F.W. de Klerk, hinted some time ago in

Parliament there might be adjustments for public servants later this year.

The president of the Public Servants' Association, Dr Colin Cameron, said

yesterday he had no objection to MPS getting increases, provided this meant

rises for government workers.

CSO: 3400/1683

5i
SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG ON ZIMBABWE'S COMMUNIST TIES

MB151728 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 15 Jul 83

[Text] The visit to Zimbabwe by a president of Romania, Nicolae Ceausescu,

accentuates Zimbabwe's shift away from the West toward the Eastern communist

bloc. Referring to his visit today, Mr Ceausescu said he had discussed with

President Banana and Prime Minister Mugabe various ways of strengthening

ties between the two countries.

In May Mr Mugabe visited Eastern Europe and then announced that he would

soon be visiting Moscow, with whom relations are somewhat strained.

Zimbabwe already has close ties with North Korea. One of the main reasons

apparently for the friendly relations Mr Mugabe has developed with the

North Korean leader, Kim Il-song, is that North Korea has far stronger

relations with the Soviet Union than Communist China has, and Mr Mugabe has

always been on a good footing with the Red Chinese.

Therefore a dual Zimbabwe - North Korea, Zimbabwe - Red China axis could

give Mr Mugabe the best of the two communist worlds, and, talking about

North Korea, it should be remembered that it was the Pyongyang government

and not the Soviets, Red Cross, or Cuba that filled the role of surrogate

to train Zimbabwe's Fifth Brigade.

In April it was announced also that Zimbabwe would establish full diplomatic

relations with the PLO. Last month a retired senior Rhodesian officer,

Mr (Gordon Munro), alleged that the ANC has a Harare office which includes

in its activities recruitment for Umkhonto We Sizwe, also that the ANC

uses Zimbabwe's radio service for anti-South African propaganda broadcasts.

Yet the American publication U.S. WORLD AND NEWS REPORT said in a recent

article that despite Mr Mugabe's avowed Marxism he would continue to keep

the Soviet Union at arm's length, and the most closely watched embassies

in Harare belong to the Soviet Union, Cuba, and East Germany.

Whether Mugabe is going to get the aid he wants from the Eastern bloc is

doubtful. He recently had to take recourse to the IMF for aid and had to

agree to the fund's antisocialist conditions.

CSO: 3400/1683

52
SOUTH AFRICA

NORWEGIAN SHIPPERS REVEALED TO BE IMPORTANT IN OIL IMPORTING

Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 8 Jul 83 p 5

[Article by Trygve Monsen: "Ten Norwegian Ships Brought Oil to South

Africa Last Year"]

[Text] Norwegian ships made 16 stops at South Africa's most important oil

harbor, Durban, during the period of January to November 1982. The stops

were made by 10 ships from 8 shipping companies. The organization states

that this is the first time such a list of ships has been presented.

"We have received an inquiry about the stops our ships have made in South

African ports. We said that two of our ships have unloaded oil while the

third ship which was mentioned on the list delivered ore. We cannot make

political considerations when it applies to a country to which we deliver ,

oil cargo," says Harald Stangeland, director of the Sig. Bergesen Shipping

Company, to AFTENPOSTEN.

According to the survey from the Joint Council for South Africa, Norwegian

shipowners are in charge of approximately 22-23 percent of South Africa's

oil import. At a press conference in Oslo on Thursday, it was pointed out

that this is a much higher figure than the shipowners have indicated up to

now. If the ships that made the .stops in the South African ports had been

90 percent loaded, that would* mean that Norwegian ships could have

transported approximately 3.4 million tons of oil, according to the

calculations of the Joint Council.

"Norwegian ships have taken a clear leading position and transport more oil

to South Africa than all ships from countries with flags of convenience,"

says Oistein Gudim from the Joint Council.

The Joint Council refers to earlier statements about the pressure to bring

about boycott action against South Africa not having had any effect.

Calculations which the Dutch Shipping Research Bureau (SHIREBU) has

undertaken indicate that preparation efforts which the authorities have

implemented in order to ensure abundant supplies and alternative production

of oil costs an additional 12 to 13 million kroner for the country.

53
These additional expenses are, among other things, tied into extraordinarilylarge sotckpiling expenses, high production expenses in order to produce

oil from coal and expenses involving offshore oil drilling explorations.

The Joint Council for South Africa repeated the demand that Norwegian

oil transport to South Africa must stop. In order to obtain increased

strength behind the demand, a series of signatures were collected from

trade representatives. A total of 13 federation chairmen signed a letter

to the government in which a total halt of Norwegian oil transport to South

Africa was demanded.

"The shipowner association is in doubt about the calculations of the extent

of the oil transport which have been undertaken, as the ships' tonnage

capacity is viewed exclusively and not how much oil was transported. As

to the demand for a halt in delivery, we neither want nor can impose a

boycott as there exists neither an international nor a national restriction

on freight to or from South Africa," says Rolf--Sather, director of the

Norwegian Shipowners Association, to AFTENPOSTEN.

9583

CSO: 3639/137

$h
SOUTH AFRICA

DAWIE COLUMN ON BROEDERBOND CRISIS

Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 6 Jul 83 p 12

[Political commentary by Dawie: "Afrikaner Dramas Show Clearly How the Wind

Keeps Blowing"]

[Text] This week's very dramatic events concerning the Arikaner Broederbond,

SABRA [South African Bureau for Raeial Affairs] and Professor Carel Boshoff

have left no doubt with respect to one particular matter: The debate over

reform going on among Afrikaner ranks is as hot and spirited as ever.

This is the first time ever that a chairman of the Broederbond has resigned in

such circumstances and it goes to show the profoundness and seriousness of this

matter.

If all of this is something strange for the Afrikaners you can imagine how difficult it is for the English speakers to digest it, all the more so if one

considers the ignorant and unenlightened manner in which the Progressive press

informs them.

Playing it Cool

Of course English language newspapers have had problems from the very start in

dealing with these events. They have simply been too busy in pointing out that

reform, so to speak, has become a dead issue and that the country's "so-called

reformers" are playing it cool out of fear of attack from the right.

Now here we have the case of SABRA and the Broederbond, up until Monday afternoon, both with Professor Boshoff as chairman. This was a face to face confrontation with a finality which reform-minded people over the entire country

will interpret in no other way than in a very positive spirit.

The Progressive newspapers have simply gone back to their own recipe of rhetoric. With jubilation they have proceeded to describe what a blow this has

been for the government whose "think tank", SABRA, would now be turning against

it'—what else could you think of—and what a victory for the far right with

its clutch on the hearts of Afrikaners.'

55
Who Is Going to Buy This?

Of course the truth is quite different and in no way does it substantiate the

joy of the Progressives who hoped that the Treurnicht faction had provided

them with a new ace.

To start off with the most available pieces of ecidence: How on earth do the

Progressives and their press want to sell the idea that the far right has

gained a victory if a foremost reformer such as Prof J. P. de Lange has taken

over the reins of Professor Boshoff, SABRA's man? Will this be swallowed even

by their most servile supporters?

What has happened is clear. By his association with SABEA's negative and unrealistic Conservative Party policy, which includes such things as a colored

and an Indian homeland, Professor"Boshoff rendered his own position as chairman of the Broederbond (an organization which stays clear of party politics)

untenable.

Ignorance?

The sentiments and points of views with which he openly sided with SABRA were

evidently unaceptable in the leadership position of the Broederbond and as a

consequence of this he resigned. Can any reasonable person interpret this as

a blow to the ideas of reform in the country?

There is then the naive position taken by certain English language newspapers

to the effect that the government has gotten a telling blow in that its own

"think tank" has turned against it. Is this just plain ignorance or is it a

willfully erroneous representation?

For many years, for more than a decade, SABRA's prominent members, including

leading university people, have been resigning because they had misgivings

with respect to its direction. What had once been a tremendous forum decayed

through the y-ars into a weak reflection of what it was intended upon its

founding.

A Big Zero

Especially during the latter years when SABRA continually advocated a colored

homeland, even an Indian homeland and also a white homeland somewheres near

the Verwoerd Dam more and more people wrote it off as a realistic "think tank"

and began to visualize it as a factory of hallucinations.

With that the organization's credibility was gone and the gulf between it and

the Nationalist Party became unbridgeable. Now, for many years, SABRA's contributions to the policy of the Nationalist government has been a big zero.

This has been no secret. The unacceptability of SABRA has been exposed to the

public repeatedly by the Afrikaans press during past years. There have been

recurrent warnings that SABRA is following a mentality which is alienating it

completely from the greater majority of Afrikanerdom.

56
Confirms

What has happened is therefore not a blow out of the blue sky upon the Nationalist government. Anybody who has not been afflicted with blind prejudice knows

where he stands with SABKA.

Now SABRA itself confirms everything that was suspected ot if.

7964

CSO: 3401/23

57
SOUTH AFRICA

GOALS OF DEVELOPMENT BANK OF SOUTHERN AFRICA OUTLINED

Bloemfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 30 Jun 83 p 15

[Interview with an official of the Development Bank of Southern Africa: "The

New Bank Will Uplift States". Date of interview not given]

[Text] The creation of the Development Bank of South Africa with a shares issue capital of 2 billion rand is ushering in a new era of development in southern Africa.

This also clinches the formal collaboration between neighboring states for attaining their common aim of development and achieving the uplifting of their

people.

The bank had its origin at the Carlton Conference of 1979 and Professor Lombard

did much of the work for its establishment.

For Dr Simon Brand, the executive head of the bank, this institution is of great

importance, mainly for two reasons:

Move

The countries receiving development aid are now involved in decision-making in

that respect; thus there can no longer be any talk of paternalistic decisions

and adjudications.

Collaboration over development is institutionalized within the bank and is

visibly embodied there. . It is no longer a loose type of collaboration. There

is now a mechanism for mobilizing aid resources. This is how Dr Brand visualizes this.

[Question] Where will the bank be located?

[Answer] The member countries have decided to establish it in or near

Johannesburg. This will take time; the personnel has yet to be found and

planning will be necessary. In the months to come the bank will establish itself on a temporary basis. (For the moment, Dr Brand and his personnel nucleus

are working from Pretoria.)

58
World Bank

[Question] What is this bank and what is it going to do?

[Answer] It is a financial institution, something like the World Bank and

other development banks such as the Africa Development Bank, which will see to

it that development funds, derived from the contributions of its members, the

SATBVC-countries [sic] as well as from loans from the capital market, will be

utilized as efficiently as possible for broad development in the region. Emphasis is being put on economic infrastructure—the foundation upon which

development can succeed.

"Hard" interest rate (based On the economy) and "soft" interest rate (favorable rate) loans will be granted to the SATBVC-countries and also to the selfgoverning (dependent) national states; however, these will have to be paid

back.

[Question] How will the bank be administered?

[Answer] The Board of Governors (the assembly of shareholders) will be announced today and this body will then be pointed out to the Board of Directors. Half of the directors will be appointed by the member countries while

the other half will be elected on the basis of the distribution of votes which

is in turn determined by their contributions to the bank.

Chairman

The 10 member directorate is the professional body, with Dr Brand as its chairman, which will be responsible for the Bank's operations. Each member country

appoints one member of the directorate.

[Question] How does the bank arrive at decisions?

[Answer] The bank is structured in such a way that decisions can be made by

consensus. Only if there is a deadlock will a matter be put to a vote.

Applications for loans will be considered on the basis of merit. A project

will not be considered by itself, but against the background of how it will

help the broad aspect of development.

[Question] What are the functions and the structure of the bank?

[Answer] As a financial institution it will not only have financial know-how,

but it will also be able to evaluate projects for which money will be requested. The effect that the project will have on development, job opportunities, economy and the income basis of the government in question will be

taken into consideration. The bank will have experts for evaluating projects

on such things as agriculture, industry and mining.

59
Providing Help

The bank will be able to provide help in formulating the application for a

loan and in formulating a strategy for development.

The bank does not wish to enlist all the know-how on this field for itself and

wherever practical it would like to see a decentralization of know-how so that

it will be able to work with expert clients.

It will help with training and will make available some of its personnel to

clients.

[Question] What about advertising southern Africa's potential and marketing

abroad?

[Answer] The bank will be contracting loans abroad and at the same time will

pass on information on the developmental possibilities of its operational region. If a prospective developer then shows interest, it will be up to the

various states to do their own "saleswork." The bank cannot prevent any state

from doing its own foreign marketing and advertising; however, a general marketing such as envisioned by the bank will cut down costs.

Competition

[Question] Won't mutual competition for attracting developers be harmful to

the various states?

[Answer] Competition can be healthy. The bank's member countries have also

agreed upon a fixed series of concessions and incentive measures for bringing

about disciplined competition.

[Question] What developmental functions and bodies are being rationalized and

how?

[Answer] Certain functions of the Foreign Affairs and Information Department

and the Department of Cooperation and Development (the bank is not taking this

over), the Economic Development Corporation, the Mining Corporation and the

Bureau for Economic Research, Collaboration and Development (BENSO).

The bank is not taking over the functions of the Economic Development Corporation (EOK). It is a new body» The EOK's functions are being taken over by

each state's developmental, or national, corporation (each national state has

one and the Republic of South Africa has the Industrial-Development Corporation),

The shareholding of the national corporation is now being completely taken over

by the national states themselves.

Corporations

The Cooperation and Development Department will now transfer shares capital

directly to these corporations (through the respective governments) without

having to go through the EOK.

60
The bank is taking over the functions of channelling, adjudicating and controlling developmental aid from two state departments, although independent

states will continue to get a certain amount of money from the Foreign Affairs

Department and the self-governing states from the Department of Collaboration

and Development.

Certain operational functions of the EOK, which cannot be turned over to the

national corporations, will probably go to the private sector. The EOK and

the Mining Corporation will be gradually phased out.

Know-How

[Question] Where is the bank going to get its personnel?

[Answer] A portion of the EOK's personnel, having the know-how needed by the

bank, will be assigned to the bank; the other personnel will be transferred to

the national corporations. This is not going to be a large scale takeover of

personnel and the bank will decide what appointments are to be made in certain

positions. Negotiations with the EOK are going on now and should be completed

by next month.

The same procedure will be followed with respect to the Mining Corporation.

Most of the BENSO functions will be transferred over to the bank. Certain

functions will be utilized by the Republic of South Africa, in view of the

fact that it still must carry out the formulation of its policy and the planning for development.

The bank will be operational as of 1 September of this year when it will formally undertake its activities. The rationalization process will be completed

by then.

[Question] Is the Development Bank unique and how does it compare with institutions of this kind?

[Answer] After a careful study the wording in the memorandum of association

was kept as closely as possible to the world-wide and established pattern for

institutions like the World Bank. However, the relations between the republic

and the other member countries are historically much closer than anywbere else

in the world. Therefore, the republic has accepted greater responsibility and

besides its share of capital it has also committed itself to future contributions. This will amount to at least 1 and 1/2 million for the first 5 years.

Voting power in the bank is determined by the amount of contributions and therefore the republic has the greatest voting power.

[Question] Does the bank have a political flavor?

[Answer] Not at all. The memorandum of association excludes any political

involvement on the part of the bank.

61
[Question] The republic and the four independent national states are members

of the bank. What about the self-governing national states?

[Answer] Their membership is exercised through the republic, however, they can

negotiate with the bank individually.

7964

CSO: 3401/25

62
SOUTH AFRICA

NEED FOR MORE NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS VOICED

Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 5 Jul 83 p 9

[Text] The existence of Koeberg makes it unthinkable to stop building more

nuclear power plants necessary for meeting the growing energy requirements of

a young industrial country.

This is the opinion expressed by Prof G. N. Barrie of the Rand Afrikaans University's Jurisprudence Faculty in his article on the necessity of Koeberg.

It appeared recently in AAMBELD, the university's newspaper.

He wrote that according to all indications, next to hydro-electric power,

nuclear power is the cheapest, safest and ecologically most acceptable source

of power generation.

Although Professor Barrie is of the opinion that the nuclear power industry

has an exceptional safety record, he recognizes that "no human creation, and

nothing as complicated as a nuclear power plant, can ever be completely safe."

"In order to deal with the requirements for licensing the nuclear power plant

at Koeberg and the UKOR [Uranium Corporation] uranium enrichment plant, it was

necessary to involve no less than 50 persons having especially high technical

qualifications.

"There is also a division engaged in technical evaluations with an eye to

safety.

"The installation is subject to an extensive quality insurance program which

investigates design, construction, manning and maintenance accurately.

"In 1978 the NEW YORK TIMES published a series of articles on the world's nuclear power plants and came to the conclusion that Koeberg has by far the best

construction.

"Despite strict security measures assertions are still being made that radiation from a nuclear power plant is a strong possibility. The fact is that most

likely there are few processes which are monitored as closely as radiation on

an international and national basis."

63
SOUTH AFRICA

BOPHUTHATSWANA'S SOLDIERS TRAIN FOR ANTITERRORISM

Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 5 Jul 83 p 13

[Article by Gert Coetzee: "Tswanas Will Have a Grip on Terrorists"]

[Text] With the threat made this week-end in Zambia by exiled ANC [African

National Congress] leader Oliver Tabo that terrorist actions, like the recent

20 May Pretoria bombing in which 19 people were killed and some 200 wounded,

are going to be intensified it is possible that independent states in southern

Africa will also be subjected to terrorist attacks.

Brig Hennie Rieckert, Bophuthtswana's minister of defense, said: "I have reason to believe that we are also going to be attacked. Terrorism is aimed at

countries where there is order and justice.

"Bophuthatswana is not recognized as an independent country by the ANC. We

also have large business centers and places where many people gather together

and these are ideal targets for the terrorists."

Brigadier Rieckert said that thus far Bophuthatswana has been fortunate, but

this country has already had its share of terror.

On 2 September 1981, two,policemen and a civilian were killed and a 3-year old

child wounded in an attack on the police station in Mabopane. About 20 terrorists, armed with AK-47 rifles and grenades, were responsible.

There are several factors which are in favor of Bophuthatswana in its fight

against terrorism. "The inhabitants are on the side of the security forces

and this makes our work easier.

"Strangers within a region are spotted immediately and this information is

passed to the security forces without delay. This is traditional of the

Tswanas."

Brigadier Rieckert added: "If terrorist actions are going to be perpetrated

in our country, we will be ready for that. We will strike at the terrorists

with all the forces at our disposal. We will not permit terrorism here."

6U
According to Brigadier Rieckert, Bophuthatswana residents have previously left

the country to receive training abroad as terrorists. For the moment and in

the recent past, however, none of our people have been recruited for training

by the ANC.

Moreover, Brigadier Rieckert doubts very much that Botswana will be used as a

springboard for terrorism in Bophuthatswana.

Bophuthatswana Army's formidable anti-terrorist punch was strengthened considerably the week-end when the new recruits completed their rigorous 6-month

training course.

Brig Jack Turner, Bophuthatswana's army chief, says that the army is very popular among the country's inhabitants. "There is no village, no matter how

remote, which does not know something about the army; this is because the army

is of the people and for the people. Every locality has at least someone in

uniform.

"On previous occasions we had to send our orchestra throughout the country to

help with the recruitment. Now the situation is this: At the start of the

year we wanted 500 men as new recruits, however, more than 3,000 reported at

the gates of the training camp and they had to be turned away.

"Today, if I press a button, by Monday there will be one or two thousand men

reporting for volunteer service. We receive between 30 and 40 applications

every day and we had to set up a special section to do the selecting." So

stated Brigadier Turner.

Brigadier Rieckert said that the number of army recruits is now being limited

somewhat by the facilities availability, but things are improving and there is

a rapid expansion.

Brigadier Rieckert is clearly pleased with the standard of the Bophuthatswana

soldier and with his training. Some of the soldiers not only completed their

courses in South Africa, but also passed with honors. About 90 percent of the

army instructurs are Tswanas.

The Tswanas are versatile soldiers. Although all of them are trained in

counter-infiltration, each company has its own section for special operations

such as air support, landmine technology, etc.

Says Brigadier Rieckert: "1 very much like to see that one day every soldier

will be a specialist in all areas."

Although the army was primarily set up for defense and for combatting terrorism,

it also provides other necessary services such as giving help in drought situations. During the cholera epidemic the army brought in water; it has built

dams and water channels, repaired windpumps and it is now engaged in resolving

the country's biggest single agricultural problem, namely, the thinning out of

the country's more than 60,000 donkeys.

7964

CS0: 3401/25

65
SOUTH AFRICA

VALUE OF NAMIBIA/ANGOLA BUFFER ZONE DISCUSSED

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 6 Jul 83 p 12

[Text] According to well informed overseas sources, the Angolan Government

has decided on a new policy. The new policy direction is being inspired by

the sensational military aid given to UNITA [National Union for the Complete

Independence of Angola] by the West and in particular by the United States.

According to British military sources, South Africa is involved in providing

this aid.

A few weeks ago a large shipment of arms of Romanian origin was sent to UNITA.

According to the British source, these arms are believed to be financed by

South Africa.

The regular incursions of South African forces into Angola have also led to the

change of policy. As a result, the Angolan government has moved its missile

bases further south while Cuban troops have also been transferred further

south so as to put SWAPO [South West Africa People's Organization] in the position of carrying out its attacks on the South-West under cover of the Cuban

forces.

A short time ago fresh Angolan troops (who received training behind the Iron

Curtain) arrived in Angola for action against UNITA. Large numbers of EastGerman military and technical experts have also been noted in Angola.

This sort of situation certainly does not indicate a withdrawal of Cuban troops,

which must precede a settlement in South-West Africa, but rather an intensification of the military conflict situation, with South Africa as the country

which must pull the chestnuts out of the fire for a bankrupt U.S. African

policy, at the cost of great financial and economic effort.

On the other hand one cannot avoid thinking that President Reagan, who runs

along with the team of U.S. arms manufacturers, is rather fond of this sort of

small conventional wars, simply because this is an effective and acceptable

method of getting rid of economically obsolete arms.

We are of the opinion that this development must be watched very carefully.

We must see to it that South Africa does not become financially and militarily

66
entangled in this situation unnecessarily. Angola is too large for a successful military adventure which could be taken advantage of by other surrounding

countries as well as by political action groups at home.

Solution

It would appear as though the solution is to be found in a "cordon sanitaire"

(a security zone or buffer) the width of which, along the northern border of

South-West Africa, must be such as to make it possible for the army to control

infiltrations and other SWAPO activities. Such a method would put the South

African forces in a position of playing cat and mouse with SWAPO over the border as far as military activities and supplies are concerned.

The armed forces, in general, are not so enthusiastic about cordon sanitaires,

because this would reduce the war to a lesser intensity and newsworthiness.

At any rate it is nearly impossible to deal a death-blow to SWAPO by means of

incursions in Angola. Angola is too large for this and its size makes it possible for SWAPO to maintain its main training and supply centers deep within

that country. The successes of the incursions, up to several hundred kilometers from the border, have only had positive propaganda value within South

Africa and the South-West, but negative propaganda value abroad.

On the other hand, a cordon sanitaire, in an area where there is neither water

nor food, would put SWAPO before great and even unsurmountable logistic problems and would continuously put it in the position of the-hunted. The communications problems, which SWAPO terrorists continuously experience, renders it

even more difficult to arbitrarily plant mines and bombs, because this entails

risks for the terrorists themselves, while it involves all sorts of other

problems. Trackers and dogs can, on the other hand, provide tremendous services in the cordon sanitaire by following fresh tracks and discovering the

infiltrators and their mines.

It would take a great deal of space to describe the strategic and tactical utilization of a cordon sanitaire here. Any army, which is in a position of delimiting a cordon sanitaire in a terrorist war situation, should consider

itself fortunate, because in terms of military and civilian human lives this

presents invaluable advantages.

If the surrounding lands, fairly close to the border, have undergone important

economic development and the border area does not lend itself to a cordon sanitaire then the strategy would rather have to be the one which in military terms

is referred to as a "scorched earth" strategy. We discussed this in a previous

article.

7964

CSO: 3401/24

67
SOUTH AFRICA

APPEAL FOR AFRIKANER UNITY ON COLORED PROBLEM VOICED

Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 7 Jul 83 p 14

[Article by Piet Muller: "Are You an Afrikaner Only if You Are White?]

[Text] Shortly after Dr Andries Treurnicht quit the Nationalist Party cultural minded people expressed the devout wish that Afrikaner unity could be

maintained within cultural organizations.

However, as the most recent cultural dispute shows, something of this sort is

of course impossible on the long run. Political differences over one matter,

namely, "power sharing" with the coloreds are troubling the heart of Afrikaner

nationalism too much for this to happen.

Right from the start the Afrikaner movement came to grips with the concept of

being Afrikaner which can be described in two ways: either being a member of

a pure race or a member of a language and cultural group. However, these two

approaches have always been at odds with each other.

Mainstream

To make this uneasiness even more painful it gradually became clear that the

mainstream of Afrikaner politics wants to move away from discrimination on the

basis of color, while the groups from the Right are not willing to abandon their

concepts of "white purity."

For some "power sharing" with the coloreds is a logical successive step in

South Africa's development, while others regard this as an original sin, so

between the two clashing points of views there can be hardly any talk of cultural peace.

If one would only glance through SABRA's [South African Bureau for Racial

Affairs] nebulous language and strange logic, then it would become clear that

they are against the constitutional proposals, because they are not willing to

accept the coloreds as full citizens and as political companions. Investigating every aspect which sends sparks flying among Afrikaner ranks over ideas

about the coloreds is a rather captivating study. The coloreds were disfranchised after the election of 1948 in an effort to get them out of the way so

that Afrikaner and Anglo-Saxons could get at each others throats better.

68
A Dead Horse

In the late fifties there were hefty debates in Nationalist circles over the

political future of the coloreds. Shortly after taking power, Dr H. F.

Verwoerd put an end to all discussions on this subject by deciding that the

future of the coloreds was to be found in separateness. It was he who for the

first time spolce of a state within a state and saw the prospect of a colored

homeland.

But even for somebody with as much will power as he had, it was impossible to

blow any life into such a dead horse.

Then it was Dr Albert Hertzog and his followers to make the futile attempt of

practically politizing the homeland concept. But it did not work either.

Today, Dr Gerrit Viljoen must certainly recall with humility his own "original

sin" when as the former chairman of SABRA he again began to go around with the

idea of a colored homeland.

The most enthusiastic supporter of this idea has always been Dr Andries

Treurnicht. He knows the names of so many terms for describing these thoughts

that it has often appeared that he has come up with a brand new idea every

time he spoke.

Principle

John Vorster's constitutional plan of 1977 temporarily smothered the thoughts

of a colored homeland, but It was again Dr Andries Treurnicht who began to make

noises in this direction. Then, when after many years he picked up his hat and

left, he simply made this one of the principles of his new party.

As time went by, these homeland tunes became characteristic of South Africa's

political secterians. Two variations of this surfaced: Either making the entire Western Cape a colored homeland (which for understandable reasons simply

was not a popular idea among the Treurnicht supporters in the Cape), or naturally the other possibility: Establishing such a homeland somewhere between

the rocky ridges and the giant Aloes regions of the Northwest where the ground

is so bare that a plow can hardly turn it and where there is insufficient water

to keep going the people living there now.

Dr Treurnicht and SABRA. have failed to explain how they are going to convince

the coloreds to exchange a passable type of living for an impossibility in the

Northwest.

A generation ago among politicians, it was a joke to say that the final solution of the "colored problem" must be left to the next generation. Today we

are, of course, that next generation saddled with this problem; moreover, no

self-respecting colored man is willing to sit by passively to see how other

people play games with his future. Eor the Afrikaner a just solution is much

more than of academic importance. To be sure, this affects his whole future

69
and that of his language, because even now there are more Afrikaans-speaking

coloreds than Afrikaans^speaking whites. We simply must pull out from under

the bed the burning question which nobody likes to discuss in public and assume a position on it openly: Can a person be an Afrikaner if he speaks

Afrikaans, shares Afrikaner culture, but is not white?

7964

CSO: 3401/24

70
SOUTH AFRICA

KOHLER ISSUE REPRESENTS VICTORY FOR UNIONS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Jul 83 p 7

[Article by Phil Mtinikulu]

[Text]

IN the wake of a decision by Köhler Corrugated employees to reject a union imposed on

them by management,

trade unionists have

called for the abolishment of the closed

shop agreement in favour of freedom of association.

In a secret ballot on

Monday, an overwhelming majority of

workers at the plant

voted to be represented by the Paper,

Wood and Allied

Workers Union

(Pwawu) instead of the

South African Typographical Union

(Satu). Pwawu received 94 percent of

the votes.

And now, unionists

maintain that the

workers' decision

bodes ill for all close

shop agreements.

Mr F Mohlala, secretary of the Building

Construction and Allied Workers Union,

said his union was

against closed shop

agreement. "We will

be the first to rejoice if

the close shop

agreement is abolished. We believe that

members should join a

union of their choice

after being given options," he said.

Mrs Emma Mashinini of the Commercial

Catering and Allied

Workers Union (Ccawusa) said they were

fortunate that in the

commercial and distributive trade there

were no closed shop

agreements. "We discourage the practice,

we believe in freedom

of association. A person must be free to

join a union of his

choice," she said.

Mr Sydney Mfamathi, the general-secretary of the General

and Allied Workers

Union (Gawu) said

they experienced a

similar problem to the

one at Köhler, but

they did not have to

put the matter to a

vote. "We simply

wrote to the company

concerned and informed them that their

employees wanted to

be represented by us,

and they agreed.

"A close shop

agreement makes it

easy for unions to get

membership. They

hardly inform employees about the union,

and in most cases the

employees are ignorant of what the union

is supposed to do for

them. They do not

have a sense of belonging," said Mr Mfamathi.

CSO: 3400/1708

71
DROUGHT IN .TBANSKEI: WORST IN MEMORY

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 25 Jul 83 p 5

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

UMTATA. — Cattle

deaths have spiralled

and the water situation

situation is critical in

most areas of Transkei

as the worst drought in

memory tightens its

grip.

Cattle deaths and the

water situation tell the

story, as the inter-government drought relief

committee continues its

efforts to distribute food

vouchers to the 300 most

needy families in the

worst-hit districts.

Cattle deaths were up

145 percent for the past

three months against

the same period l$st

year. A total of 46 232

head of cattle have died

(including disease

deaths), against 18836

last year.

Surface-level water

has dried up in most instances, underground

levels are subsiding

rapidly and dam levels

are dropping.

The deputy director of

veterinary services, Dr

E Besharati, warned

that if the situation did

not improve by September, two-thirds of the

national herd — comprising a million cattle,

1,5-million sheep and

nearly a million goats —

would be in a chronic

state of malnutrition.

Dr Besharati said the

occasional rains during

the past months had not

helped the deterioration of pasture and the

lack of drinking water

for livestock

The grazing situation

was very disappointing

throughout Transkei, although the situation in

mountainous and coastal areas was not as bad.

"Many livestock were

saved from starvation as

the farmers allowed

their stock to graze in

their unrecovered

maize fields. Such a situation is not expected

in the coming months,

and with the dry winter

wind and frost, a complete deterioration of

remaining grass and a

consequently high cattle

death rate is expected if

no provision for winter

feeding is made," said

Dr Besharati.

Some of the R6,7-million drought aid from

South Africa would be

used for livestock feed.

Mr A Shaker, speaking

on behalf ofthe office of

the Secretary for the

Department öf Agriculture, said the water

level at many windmills

was "below the fetch

point".

However, the department was now equipped

to deliver water to areas

which were completely

dry and had no source.

CSO: 5000/218

72
SPREAD OF fCARTEL DISEASE* CRITICIZED

Cape Town THE CAPE TIMES in English 22 Jul 83 p 10

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Jane Arbous]

[Text] WESTERN CAPE businessmen yesterday criticized, major South

African companies

which spent time and

money creating monopolies "contrary to the

public interest".

In one of the strongest

speeches of the day at

the congress of the

Western Cape Chambers

of Commerce, Mr B Caldicott of Hottentots Holland said the "cartel

disease" had spread

throughout the country's

major industries.

The result was one

source, one price, no variety, and a take-it or

leave-it service.

The stock exchange —

the scene of several major mergers recently —

was the "laughing

stock" of European analysts.

"You don't even know

who you are dealing

with anymore," Mr Caldicott said.

All, the major companies were interested

in was in buying up

their competitors.

The cure for the monopolies disease was a

monopolies commission.

Right move

"The South African

Government made the

right move in appointing a Competitions

Board but only gave it

R300 000 and it has to

compete with the best

wheeler-dealers in the

business".

The congress passed a

resolution expressing

its concern with the apparent failure of the

Competitions Board to

combat the growth of

cartels and monopolies.

It believed in the importance of statutory

measures to preserve

competition by preventing excessive concentration of economic power,

leading to restrictive'

practices contrary to the

public interest.

Mr Raymond Parsons,

the chief executive of

the Association of

Chambers of Commerce,

said the implications of

the Western Cape's message would be studied

in depth by Assocom's

economic committee

with a view to putting

forward a similar motion at Assocom's annual congress later this

year.

CSO: 3400/1712

73
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BUTHELEZI SCORES VIOLENCE—The chief minister of the South African black

state of KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi, has warned blacks in South Africa

against using violence in their struggle for liberation. In his speech

read by the KwaZulu minister of education and culture, Dr Oscar Dlomo,

to the chairman of industries in Durban, Chief Buthelezi described the

employment of violence as being [word indistinct] danger and said that

whatever was done in the struggle for liberation blacks should not damage

the foundation on which the future was to be built. He said black politicians

in the South African context found it easy to play on the emotions of black

frustrations to whip up sentiments of protest. Chief Buthelezi criticized

those politicians who used protest politics by jumping from one bandwagon

to another in their attempts to become celebrities. Referring to the

proposals for a new constitution in South Africa, Chief Buthelezi said

blacks rejected the proposal because it was founded on fault, which he said

was a step away from any prospective power sharing. He said the new^

constitution would make racism.a fundamental organizing political principle

in South African politics. He said it would be rejected for this reason,

even if a fourth parliament for blacks was created. [Text] [MB221626

Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 22 Jul 83]

PRINCIPAL REMOVED FROM SOWETO SCHOOL—Pretoria, 20 Jul (SAPA)--Mr H.T. Venter,

whose presence at Ibhongo Secondary State School in Soweto sparked a boycott

of classes by pupils more than a week ago, will no longer be principal of

the school when it reopens. This was revealed in a statement released

yesterday by the office of the regional director of the Department of

Education and Training (DET), Mr J. P. Engelbrecht. In the statement,

Mr Engelbrecht said the decision had been taken as a result of recommendations

from parents of pupils with the support of the school's governing council.

A circuit inspector will open the school and thereafter it will be under

the care of school inspectors until a new principal is appointed, according

to the statement. Pupils had said they would not return to classes unless

Mr Venter was removed. A DET circular released to a newspaper at the weekend

said the parents of pupils had expressed confidence in Mr Venter as the school

principal. [Text] [MB200928 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0803 GMT 20 Jul 83]

7U
SABRA CHIEF'S COMMENTS SCORED—The leader of the Labor Party, the Reverend

Allen Hendrickse, has described as impracticable the views on coloreds of

Professor Karel Boshoff of the South African Bureau of Racial Affairs, SABRA.

Mr Hendrickse was approached for comment after a television program last

night in which Professor Boshoff said that a significant number of whites

did not agree with the political direction advocated by the coloreds.

Professor Boshoff said the constitution bill did not meet the colored

community's demands, and if white self-determination were to be maintained,

coloreds should develop separately in their own areas. Mr Hendrickse said

Professor Boshoff had an unrealistic comprehension of racial affairs. On

one hand he feared the coloreds, and on the other he realized that his plans

could not work. Mr Hendrickse said the economic separation advocated by

Professor Boshoff was not realistic because the economy was already integrated.

[Text] [MB211748 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 21 Jul 83]

PROGRESS IN PROCESSING ID APPLICATIONS—A spokesman for the Department of

Internal Affairs says good progress is being made with working away the

backlog of 70,000 applications for new or amended identity documents for

whites. In an interview in Pretoria he said that the appeal to voters who

were not yet in possession of identity documents to apply for them without

delay had not yet had the desired result. Regarding the 70,000 applications,

he said the backlog should be eliminated by the 30th of this month and that

the department was confident that the documents would be posted to applicants

before the 31st of August. The spokesman said voters who had not yet applied

for their new identity documents would be well advised to submit their applications to the various regional offices of the department as soon as possible,

because the documents could be essential in proposed referendum on a new

constitutional dispensation. The old green identity card would no longer

be recognized as proof of identity. [Text] [MB221312 Johannesburg Domestic

Service in English 0500 GMT 22 Jul 831

KWANDEBELE MINISTER ON HEUNIS ANNOUNCEMENT—Mr Skosana, the chief minister

of KwaNdebele, says his government is happy that final decision has been

reached on consolidation. He said planning can now go ahead. Commenting

on the government's decision on the white areas to be incorporated into

KwaNdebele in the consolidation proposals for the area, Mr Skosana said

his government is sorry to learn of the exclusion of certain areas for

which appeals were made for their inclusion in KwaNdebele. He said his

government will continue to make further appeals for the incorporation of

those areas because their inclusion is necessary for KwaNdebele's economic

development to become a viable and valued member of the Southern African

community of independent nations. Reacting to the announcement incorporating

certain white farms into KwaNdebele, Mr Skosana said he is happy that the

matter has been resolved because there have been many conflicting reports

on the matter. In announcing the white areas to be incorporated into

KwaNdebele, Mr Chris Heunis, the acting minister of cooperation and development, said the incorporation of land coincides with proposals which were

announced in May this year, except that less land in the Rust der Winter

region will be added, and more land in the (Moloto)-Sybrandskraal region

will be given. These areas are in the Cullinan and Bronkhorstspruit districts.

[Text] [MB211744 Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 21 Jul 83]

75
MUSLIMS TO MECCA—The next group of Muslim pilgrims will leave Port Elizabeth

for Johannesburg on the first leg of their flight to Mecca on July 31. They

will travel on a chartered flight from Jan Smuts Airport. A group of 15 men

and women pilgrims left Port Elizabeth for Johannesburg on their way to the

Mecca on June 15, during the month of Ramadan. They travelled on the regular flight from Jan Smuts airport via Nairobi. All the pilgrxms will be back

in South Africa on September 27. The chairman of the Eastern Cape Haj Committee, Mr Yusuf Panday, said he was happy that the visa controversy which

arose earlier this year had been solved. All South African pilgrims were

required to obtain visas before they could enter Saudi Arabia. This caused

concern among the local Muslim community because of certain misunderstandings.

The matter had, however, been cleared up and visas would again be issued at

Sddat Mrport, as in previous years. [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST

in English 20 Jul 83 p 3]

BAMCWU RECRUITMENT DRIVE—In another history making event, the Chamber of

Mines has granted the Black Allied Mining and Construction Workers Union access to recruit black-workers in South Africa's mining industry. The most

interesting feature about the newly-formed union is that its president, Mr

Letsatsi Mosala, is a labour secretary of the Azanian People's Organisation

(Azapo). Azapo has for a long time taken great interest in labour movements,

but its involvement has mainly been limited to friendly, informal links with

emerging unions. Mr Mosala has said that the union was independent of the

organisation. He should be seen as a worker who must also exercise his rights

in the community. The union, which has a membership of over 11 000, is growing from strength to strength, and is planning to negotiate a recognition agreement on several issues. "We have held talks over access to gold and coal

mines, but the Chamber objected to some aspects of the union s constitution.

We hope at the next meeting the objections will be clarified, he said. A

spokesman for the Chamber of Mines confirmed that they had granted the union

access to recruit workers on their mines. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in

English 29 Jul 83 p 2]

TSHABALALA HITS ASSASSINS—The ruthless killings of two Daveyton community

leaders was the work of armchair revolutionists intent on sowing seeds of

confusion in the community, the Atteridgeville/Saulsville Community Council

charged yesterday. At their monthly meeting yesterday the council chairman,

Mr Joseph Tshabalala, launched a scathing attack on the killers of Mr

Jacob "JR" Ratale (54), who was gunned down in cold blood in his shop on the

night of July 15 this year, and Mr Andrew Nxumalo, who was shot dead last

year. Reacting to the killings, Mr Tshabalala condemned the "brutal murders

and made a passionage plea to the public that: "If you do not like anybody

in the council, do not kill him—vote him out." [Text] [Johannesburg

SOWETAN in English 29 Jul 83 p 4]

SAAWU MEN HELD—Two organisers of the South African Allied Workers' Union

(Saawu) were detained by South African Security police on Wednesday. Head of

security Col A P van der Merwe, confirmed the detentions of Mr Derrick

Smoko and Mr Shephard Mayekiso at the Saawu office here. The detentions bring

to four the number of Saawu officials being held in the border. The vicepresident, Mr Sisa Njikelana, and an organiser, Mr Bonisile Tuluma, were

denied by Ciskei police last week. Col Van der Merwe said Mr Smoko and Mr

May ekiso were being held in connection with possessing and distributing

banned literature. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Jul 83 p 4J

76

CSO: 3400/1708
JUMBE ANNOUNCES MEASURES TO STRENGTHEN ZANZIBAR'S ECONOMY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Jul 83 p 3

TANZANIA

[Text] THE Chairman of ZaiV-bar

Revolutionary Council, Alhaj

Aboud Jumbe, has announced

various' measures of

strengthening the Isles'

economy.

The measures include

Mir'e'äMj*''production and' the

quality of cloves — Zanzibar's

economic mainstay — and

maintenance of land for

cultivation of other cash and

food crops to diversify the

Zanzibar economy.

Alhaj Jumbe announced the

• measures on Tuesday at an IddEl-Fitr Baraza held at Mkoani,

Pemba. His address was

broadcast live i by Radio

Tanzania Zanzibar.

Alhaj Jumbe said Zanzibar's

economy was faced with two

major problems — that of

depending on clove alone and

shortage of land. Even that land

available was not used properly,

he added.

On deterioratioh of clove

production in the Isles, Alhaj

Jumbe said some 1,000 tonnes

were sold last year against the

target of 7,200 tonnes.

He said cloves exported

earned little foreign exchange

compared to the Isles internal

requirements (expenditure).

The gap was covered by use of

savings. "But we cannot

continue like this," he stressed.

Alhaj Jumbe also said that

efforts would be directed to

securing more markets for the

crop through Tanzania's foreign

offices.

He called for increased effortsin the production of other cash

crops to meet the increasing

internal expenditure.

He advised that crops suitable

for Isles climate, those that took

short time to grow and whose

prices were high, should be

cultivated. Cultivation of

rubber, cardamom and black

pepper should be intensified, he

added.

On proper land use, Alhaj

Jumbe said .land would be

assessed 'to ^identify 'farming

areas, building, areas and that a

census would also be conducted

on the people to know the exact

population and their

occupations.

However, he noted that the

problem of shortage of land was

aggravated by poor care of land.

Most farms were not looked

after and that the yield from each

acre was low.

CSO: 3400/1673

77
TANZANIA

GOVERNMENT PLANS NEW DRIVE TO ENSURE MINISTRIES' MOVE TO DODOMA

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Jul 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE Government plans a

new drive to ensure ministries

move to Dodoma during the

next ten years, Parliament

was told in Dar es Salaam

yesterday.

Presenting estimates for his

Ministry, the Minister of

State in the President's Office

responsible for the capital

development, Ndugu Samwel

Sitta, said Ministries should

work out a strategy of using,

temporary housing facilities.

The Minister said it was

improper for govern men t

ministries and other departments to sit in Dar es Salaam

'and await reports from

Dodoma over completion of

new housing schemes. This attitude could completely throttle the entire capital project,

Ndugu Sitta cautioned.

He said further efforts

would be made to control the

construction of houses in Dar

es Salaam and divert such

projects to Dodoma..

Ndugu Sitta said incentives

would be given to various

people interested in building,

houses in Dodoma, including

loans to individuals and

groups of people wishing to

build houses in the hew

capital.

Measures would also be

initiated to hasten surveying

and allocation of plots

without having necessarily to

wait for completion of roads,

water and other necessities.

Water kiosks would be set up

to cater for the people who

would build houses under this

programme, he said.

The Minister announced

that the Government would

stress on providing such basic

services as water, electricity,

roads, sewage system,

hospitals and hotels. He

hoped other relevant institutions would co-operate in

instituting the plans.

He informed the House that

basic services would be increased this financial year.

These include construction of

water dams and water pumping stations.

Designs for the capital road

network had already been

completed.

During the current financial

year, some 903 houses were to

be built in the new capital,

the Minister said. Of these,

151 would be built by the

National Insurance Corporation (NIC), 252 by the

National Provident Fund

(NPF), and 500 houses would

be built under co-operative

housing schemes, he said.

He said 82 houses would be

completed at the Mlimwa

Magharibi area, and

buildings to house two

Ministries would be built

during the year. Expansion of

the Capital Development

Authority (CDA) head office

and the construction of Maji

Mlezi would be completed, he

added.

The Regional Hospital

would be expanded with

assistance from The Aga

Khan, whose contribution

would cover foreign components of the project, Ndugu

Sitta said.

He said during the last

financial year, a large number

of plots was set aside for construction of houses by members of the Diplomatic Corps,

Some foreign institutions also

made applications for plots.

Debating the estimates, Ndugu

Haji Vuai Pandu (Zanzibar

North B) said CDA must take

precautionary measures to guard

the new city from the menace of

loiterers and vagabonds as was

the case in other towns.

The MP for Dodoma Urban,

Ndugu Sara Joy Mwenge, said

CDA should speed up survey of

plots to discourage squatters.

However, she warned that

demolition of unplanned buildings

must be done after consultation

with the victims.

Winding up the debate; Ndugu

Sitta stressed that his Ministry

was determined to make satisfactory progress in Dodoma in die

next 10 years, adding that failure

would be exploited by the country's enemies opposed to the Party

decision.

CSO: 3400/1673

78
TANZANIA

DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER NOTES JKT PLANS, ACHIEVEMENTS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Jul 83 p 3

[Article by Willie Chiwango]

[Text] The Ministry of Defence and National Service plans to introduce

refresher courses for ex-national servicemen to acquaint them with modern

weaponry and defence techniques.

Announcing this in Dar es Salaam on Sunday night, Deputy Minister Stephen

Kibona said the scheme was designed to polish the skills of the servicemen

in the face of the new developments in the defence sphere.

Ndugu Kibona said at the climax of celebrations to mark the 20th anniversary

of the National Service (JKT) held at Mgulani JKT Dar es Salaam that the

move was in compliance with the Party and Government directives on strengthening the national defence.

"All the servicemen, whether enlisted on compulsory or voluntary terms, and

the People's Militia, will be required to undertake refresher courses in

the defence field," the deputy minister said.

He, however, did not specify the duration of the courses, nor when they are

due to start.

Ndugu Kibona said it was his ministry's aim that JKT was spread to all

villages throughout the country within the next 20 years.

He explained that the villages would serve as the base of the JKT and was

hopeful that it would even not take 20 years for the move to be accomplished.

Commending the JKT for the tremendous achievements recorded during its 20

years of existence, Ndugu Kibona called for concerted efforts to train more

people in the fields of defence and economic production.

He noted that his ministry would ensure that the JKT cultural troupe was

strengthened so that it could offer enough entertainment to the servicemen

in camps.

79
The minister insisted that from now youths who serve the JKT on voluntarybasis would be required to return to their villages on completion their

three-year term with the JKT.

He observed that most of the youths preferred to resort to urban areas to

seek employment.

Nudgu Kibona said the youths were trained so that they would serve their

villages. It was JKT's duty to ensure that volunteer servicemen returned

to their villages, he added.

The Chief of JKT, Major-General Nelson Mkisi, said JKT had planned to

enlist three youths from each village a year but it had not managed to do

so.

"We don't have enough camps to accommodate all the youths who are interested in joining the JKT. Plans are, however, underway to establish more

camps," Ndugu Mkisi said.

He said JKT had so far established camps in 14 regions on Tanzania Mainland. He added that JKT envisaged to set up camps in all regions and in

the villages.

Ndugu Mkisi said JKT had during its 20 years of existence participated in

setting up villages and constructing dispensaries in some regions.

He said JKT has also maintained good relations with neighbouring countries

and it has sent experts to train youths in some of the countries.

He said JKT had received delegations from countries such as Nigeria,

Barbados, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago which had come to study the

structure of JKT.

CSO: 3400/1673

80
MINERALS MINISTRY PRESENTS 1983, 1984 ESTIMATES

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

TANZANIA

[Excerpt] TJJE Ministry of Minerals has

announced plans to revamp the

sector, including opening it up to

massive foreign investment and

formation of a development

organisation to cater for small

scale miners.

The Minister, Ndugu Paul

Bomani, told the National

Assembly in Dar es Salaam

yesterday that the minerals

sector was a potential foreign

exchange earner but its

development was hampered by

lack ofcapital and technology.

Presenting his Ministry's 1983/84

estimates, the Minister said under

the plans to rehabilitate the sector

based on a new mineral prospecting

and mining policy, foreign investors

would get concessional deals.

He told the House that customs

duty and sales tax on prospecting

equipment and mining plants would

be suspended. If the prospector

succeeds to open a mine, the amount

of tax chargeable on the plant would

form the government's equity

contribution to the project, he said.

Ndugu Bomani said his Ministry

had prepared a guide for investors

giving priority to coal, iron,

industrial minerals and other

deposits directly supporting the

country's efforts at self-sufficiency.

He said royalties charged on the

investors would be between one-,

and-a-half and 15 per cent depending

onthe type of mineraland the size of

the investment.

Corporation tax would be fixed at

50 per cent with allowance for

accelerated depreciation while

additional profitstax would be 40 per

cent of the net cashflow, he

explained.

The Ministersaid the Government

would hold at least 51 shares in all

profit making large scale mining

projects. He said mining companies

"would be allowed to open foreign

accounts with part of the foreign

exchange earnings to import spare

parts and other services.'; He told the House that contracts

for mineral prospecting;and mining

would be co-ordinated by a special

committee comprising members

from the Ministries of Finance;

Planning and economic affairs;

Justice; Industries; Minerals and the

Bank of Tanzania.

He said preparations on the

structure and composition of the

development organisation for small

miners which would be similar to the

Small Industries Development

Organisation (SIDO) were

underway.

The organisation would offer

extension services and training to

small miners who, he said, were

operating randomly.

Ndugu Bomani said his Ministry

had prepared recommendations on a

system of licensing and supervising

small scale mining to check illegal

mining which is characterised by

murders and other crimes, especially

in areas with gold deposits.

Under the recommendations,

registered villages and co-operative

societies would get preference in

issuing licences for small scale

prospecting and mining activities, he

«aid. *""v•--'-•••" -'-'•

Applicants would undergo special

mstructfori course! 0n prospecting

and mining to be conducted by the

Ministry, he explained, adding that

laws on mining would be reviewed to

institute harsher punishment against

defaulters.

The selling price for miners would

be reviewed to ensure reasonable

returns and the proposed

organisation would be responsible

for marketing the products, Ndugu

Bomani said.

He told the House that earnings by

the minerals sector declined by

91.130.000/- to 220,500,000/- last

year compared to 1981 because of

falling world market prices and

reduced demand.

He said scientific geological

surveys had revealed nickel, cobalt,

copper and tungsten deposits along

the "Karagwe-Arikole System" in

Kagera Region while "Nzega

Greenstone Belt" covering Mwanza,

Shinyanga and Tabora regions was

known to have gold, silver and

copper.

Another target area is the

"Victoria Basin" containing

kimberlite rock known to harbour

diamond, he said. Recent survey

located the rock ne'ar the Mwadui

Gold Mines at Kolandoto and

Galamba areas, he explained.

The Minister said surveys by

radiation spectrometer had located

uranium in Rufiji area. The mineral

is also found near Lakes Manyara

and Natron and in the central

regions, he said.

He said the Rukwa Valley was

believed tor have gas and even oil

deposits while coal and iron ore

deposits existed in Ruvuma, Iringa

and Mbeya regions. Tanga,

Kilimanjaro and Aru'sha regions

were known to have various precious

stones.

Ndugu Bomani said commercial

mining of graphite and ruby would

start in Morogoro and Mahenge,

respectively. He said small

quantities of bauxite had been

located in Tanga Region and that

soda ash was abundant in Lake

Natron in Arusha Region.

"Our new minerals survey map is

full of pins (showing location of the

various deposits) like the sky isfull of

stars," he told the House.

The Minister asked the House to

approve 243,575,600/- for his

Ministry's 1983/84 expenditure. He

said 24,975,600/- would be the

recurrent budget and 218,600,000/-

fpr development projects.

CSO: 3400/1673

81
TANZANIA

TWICO ENTERS JOINT VENTURE WITH PRC FIRM TO SET UP SAWMILL

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 17 Jul 83 p 3

[Text] THE TANZANIA Wood

Industry Corporation (TWICO)

has entered into a joint venture

with a Chinese firm to form a •

sawmill which will produce

timber for export and furniture

making. The "project is worth

•33m/-.-

An agreement to that effect

was signed in Dar es Salaam

yesterday by the Acting TWICO

Board Chairman, Professor

Kami Rwegasira and the

Managing Director of the China

State Construction and

Engineering Corporation

(CSCEC), Ndugu Tien Ying

Chun. The . TWICO

General Manager, Ndugu J.

Mushi, also signed the

agreement at the corporation's

headquarters.

.According to Ndugu Mushi,

the joint company to be known

as Ushirikiano Wood Products

Company (UWPC) Limited will

be set up at TWICO's Mang'ula

sawmill in Kilombero District

and shall also establish a

branch at Kilwa where a

furniture line will be opened for

'-. export and local markets.

i The UWPC will basically cut

timber, mainly " mahogany,

imninga and the blackwood

';' (mpingo), the bulk of which will

be exported to earn the

country foreign exchange, he

pointed out.

Ndugu Mushi said that

TWICO will hold 51 per cent

shares of the company while the

Chinese firm will hold 49' per

cent shares.

ine • general manager

further said that the UWPC will

start production early next year

and the period between now to

the end of this year will be used

for installation of equipment

which will come from China,

Experts would also

come from China, he said.

The joint venture will

increase production capacity of

the Mang'ula sawmill from the

present 1,000 to 10,000 cubic

metres of timber a year.

Ndugu Mushi explained

that the venture will rehabilitate

the presnt sawmill which used to

produce railway sleepers during

the construction ofthe TanzaniaZambia Railway Authority

(TAZARA), line in the early

1970s by integrating the sawmill

with a veneer manufacturing

plant and furniture factory for

export purposes.

He further said that the

UWPC will start by small

production of timber for export

to all countries adding that the

furniture line at Kilwa will export

furniture in "knock down" form.

The signing of an

agreement for a joint

company ', yesterday climaxed

talks between TWICO and a

five-man Chinese delegation

who visited the Mang'ula sawmill

and Kilwa in May this year.

CSO: 3400/1673

82
TANZANIA

MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT MINISTRY PRESENTS 1983, 1984 ESTIMATES

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 17 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Excerpt] THE Ministry

Development

of Manpower

and

Administration plans seminars

for senior civil servants in

ministries and regions on the

enforcement of Standing Orders

and Civil Service Regulations to

maximise.efficiency in the Civil

Service, the National Assembly

was told in Dar esSalaam yesterday.

The Minister, Ndugu Pius

Ng'wandu, said the seminars

would involve Principal

Secretaries, Regional

Development Directors, heads

of autonomous government

departments, ministerial

manpower officers, regional

manpower officers and similar

officials in the districts.

Presenting his Ministry's 1983/84

estimates, Ndugu Ng'wandu said the

fora were intended to awaken the

administrators on the importance of

the regulations and orders in

improving the performance of the

Civil Service.

He told the House that discipline

and workefficiency had deteriorated

in the Civil Service and that his

Ministry was determined to rectify

• the situation on the basis of

Government Circular No. 1 of 1983

issued by the Prime Minister.

He said government efforts must

be supported by civil servants who

should strictly adhere to the

regulations and standing orders in

their daily work.

He told the House that civil

servants must report early for work

and remain in the office throughout

the working hours. They are also

obliged to take good care of working

facilities and equipment and observe

stores and financial regulations.

The Minister said his Ministry

planned to establish a national Staff

College to improve management

training for senior

government and parastatal

organisation officials.

He told the House that 280 such

officials attended training in 1982/83

at different institutions of learning.

Such training courses would

continue during this financial year.

The Minister told the House that

the first long-term programme to

train local experts for all

development sectors conducted

between 1964 and 1980 ( had

registered Satisfactory results and

that Tanzanians employed in senior

positions accounted for 92.7 per cent

in 1980 compared to 17.9 per cent

when the programme was launched.

Ndugu Ng'wandu said the 1981/

82—1985/86 manpower

"development programme would be

conducted in phases of one

year each to allow annual review of

the implementation process to match

them to economic trends.

He explained that under an

agreement between the Government

and the United States in 1979, 31

Tanzanians had undergone degreelevel training in rural development in

the US while .38 others are currently

in trainirigT One candidate had

returned home for Health reasons, he

said.

He said the programme covered

Mbeya, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Iringa

and Arusha regions, in which 60

villages have already received

training in village development. The

entire programme would cover 350

villages by 1987, he said.

The Minister said under the

agreement regional training centres

had been established locally in

Mbeya, Arusha and Iringa regions

and a fourth would be opened at

Mlale, Ruvuma Region, next

month.

He said eight people had been

trained in agriculture, livestock

development, natural resources, cooperatives, community development

and management under the first

Phase of the programme last year,

our others were undergoing

training while 12 more students

would be trained this year, he said.

CSO: 3400/1673

83
STATISTICS BUREAU COMPLETES 1978 POPULATION CENSUS ANALYSIS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Jul 83 p 1

TANZANIA

[Excerpt] THE Bureau of Statistics under

the Ministry of Planning and

Economic Affairs has completed

the 1978 population census

analysis and a report is expected

to be released by September, the

National Assembly was told in

Dar es Salaam yesterday:

The Minister of State for

Planning and Economic

Affairs, Ndugu Kighoma

Malima, said that during the last

financial year, the Bureau also

conducted an analysis of

industrial census.

Presenting his Ministry's

estimates amounting to

109,356,800/- for this financial

year, Ndugu Malima said in a

speech read on his behalf by the

Minister of State in the Prime

Minister's Office, Ndugu Paul

Kimiti, that analysis was

conducted on >, employment,

immigration, hotels and wildlife,

transportation and prices for

various items.

He explained that in the

population census, pamphlets on

census summary, fertility and

mortality housing conditions,

and socio-economic

:; CharacteristicTiad beencompiled

and published.

Ndugu Malima, who is

currently in Maputo attending a

meeting of the TanzaniaMozambique Joint Commission

for Cooperation, said in his

speech that an industrial census

report was now at its final stages

and that the Bureau would soon

publish the second issue on

industries employing between

five and nine people.

Ndugu Mahma said during this

financial year, the Bureau would

continue analysing various

sectors' statistics and would also

complete analysis of the

industiral sector census and the

household budget survey.

He explained that the

agricultural census, originally

launched in the 1981/82 financial

year but was suspended the

following year, would start again

at its preliminary stages. The

census had been suspended for

lack of funds.

He said there was an urgent

need to re-launch the census

because the nation had given top

priority to agriculture.

CSO: 3400/1673

Qk
NYERERE OPENS BRAZILIAN BUILT MOROGORO-DODOMA HIGHWAY

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 17 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Attilio Tagalile]

TANZANIA

[ Exc erpt] PRESIDENT Nyerere yesterday

opened the newly built

Morogoro-Dodoma highway

heralding improved links

between the new capital and Dar

es Salaam and a smooth flow of

traffic to western parts, of the

country.

The 260-kilometre stretch

betweenMorogoro and Dodoma

was built by a Brazilian firm —

Engenharia Comercio Industries

SA-ECISA, at a cost of

913.6m/-. Construction took

three years.

Welcoming President Nyerere

to perform the opening

ceremony at the camp here, the

Minister of Works, Ndugu

Guntram Itatiro, said the new

road had reduced the distance

between Dodoma and Morogoro

by 23 kilometres and cut back the

time by three, hours from the

original seven.

He said it would also

smoothen and expand traffic

flow to western

Tanzania and neighbouring

countries of Rwanda and

Burundi. He appealed to

Tanzanians living in the regions

transversed by the road to

increase production to provide

resourcesto develop other areas.

He said the ministry was

planning to install two weighing

bridges in Dodoma and

Morogoro to check extra heavy

vehicle using the highway and

damaging it.

The minister noted that

most of the country's newly built

road were being damaged every

year by extra heavy vehicles,

adding that the installation ofthe

bridges will ensure that the road

is used only by, vehicles of

recommended weight.

Ndugu Itatiro however

stressed that successful

maintenance of the newly

opened highway will heavily

depend on the cooperation

between the public and law

enforcement institutions.

The minister called On

motorists and pedestrians to

scrupulously observe road safety

rules and regulation« so as to

avoid unnecessary accidents on

the highway.

He said the Braziliancontractors, Engenharia

Comercio Industries SA

(ECISA) have handed over

to the government the Dumila

camp along with its 65 room —

lodging house,

fodown, workshop, 12 graders,

3 road scrappers, 45 tippers, 15

low loaders and other

construction equipment.

Ndugu Itatiro said his ministry

planned to transform the camp

into a school for training Tanzanians

in road maintenance and

; «construction.

Commenting on construction

, wo^^l^^n^m^ said, the 260-

'lcilorhetre road would have been

completed in June last year but the

|. two-year road contract had an extra

year added to it due to a variety of

problems which included foreign

exchange constraints and lack of

construction materials.

The minister said_following the_

construction of the new road the

distance between Morogoro and

Dodoma had been reduced by 23

kilometre's, which he said would

have otherwise cost the government

not less than 65m/-.

CSO: 3400/1673

85
TANZANIA

DEPUTY MINISTER NOTES FACTORS DELAYING THB LOANS TO ZANZIBAR

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Excerpt] INDECISION by the Zanzibar Government to pay back

a Tanzania Housing Bank

(THB) loan and the Zanzibar's failure to guarantee

smooth collection of remittances from individual

borrowers are the factors

delaying extension of housing

loans to the Isles.

Deputy , Minister for

Finance Venance Ngula told

the National Assembly in Dar

es Salaam on Saturday that

negotiations on the matter

were going on between the

Bank and the Government

but no decision had been

reached. , Winding up the debate on

the 1983/84 estimates of the

Ministry of Finance

Ndugu Ngula said the debts

owed by the Zanzibar government were loaned by the

defunct Tanzania Housing

Finance Company which was

•succeeded by THB.

He did not specify the

amount which, he said, financed construction of residential

houses which have been taken

over by the government.

He said after settling the

debt, ' the Zanzibar govern-',

ment would be required to

guarantee that housing loan

payments by individual

borrowers would be collected

by employers and remitted to

the Bank.

He told the House that

THB was committed to extend its services to the Isles

but stressed that the two conditions had to be fulfilled to

facilitate the extension.

He said discussions on the

matter, started in 1979, had

succeeded to convince the

Zanzibar government to pass

laws legalising plot ownership

and providing for charging of

interest on housing loans as

demanded by THB.

However, when the House

sat as a Committee of Supply

to deliberate on the Ministry's

estimates, Ndugu Sukwa

Saidi Sukwa {Zanzibar

House of Representatives)

^described the Deputy

Minister's explanation as unsatisfactory and demanded

"more convincing details."

Ndügu Sukwa said if THB

could not serve all the people

of Zanzibar, it should cater

for islanders working with

Union institutions such as the

People's Defence Forces,

: Police and the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs.

The Minister for Finance,

Ndugu /Cleopa Msuya,

assured the MP that the

.Union Government was

working on the problems

preventing extension of THB

services to Zanzibar and that

a solution would be found

soon.

He added, however, that

the Bank had suspended loan

disbursements because of

financial difficulties. Even if

the services were" extended to

Zanzibar, the granting of

loans would depend on the

financial situation, he said.

CSO: 3400/1673

86
TCA MANAGER NOTES STEPS TO OVERCOME COTTON GROWING PROBLEMS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Jul 83 p 1

TANZANIA

[Text] THE Tanzania Cotton Authority

(TCA) has appealed to cottongrowing peasants to use compost

manure to revitalise the soil fertility

for higher yield per hectare.

The TCA General Manager,

Ndugu M. S. Mdope, made the

appeal in a special message to mark

the tenth TCA anniversary

Published in a suppliment of the

arty weekly, Mzalendo yesterday.

Ndugu Mdope outlined several

Steps to be taken by the Authority to

: counter problems hindering cotton

growing activities in the country.

He said a new department had

been formed within the authority

charged with testing soil fertility and

»advise on ways to combat the

problem. The department will deal

squarely with the question of land

use.

He pointed out that since proper

agricultural farming methods were

not being followed, the authority in

: collaboration with the. Party and

Government leaders was conducting

campaigns to educate peasants on

modern farming methods: This was

being done through the radio,

seminars, booklets, cinemas and

through TCA experimental farms.

The General Manage/ said the

Authority, in co-operation with the

irrigation department, was also

planning to establish irrigation farms

such as that at Bugwema in Mara

Region. The Bug\vema farm will

initially start with 1,618 hectars. He

" did not however say where the farm

will be located.

The Authority is also planning to

start special farms at Kwamsisi in

Handeni District and at Furuwa in

Ulanga District, Morogoro. The

Furuwa farm will be irrigated, he

explained.

He explained that areas

earmarked for expansion were on

the eastern zone in Morogoro,

Mbeya, Coast, Tanga, Kilimanjaro

and Arusha Regions whose soils

were suitable for cotton growing.

The^ General Manager urged Party

and Government leaders to

encourage peasants in these areas to

cultivate the crop.

On the western cotton growing

area in the Lake Victoria zone,

which produces 95 per cent of all

cotton in the country its soil has

; depreciated. Ndugu Mdope said

peasants in those areas are being

advised to use intensive farming.

Ndugu Mdope further said that

:the Authority will continue to set

aside funds for research and

•flfevelopiftetit öf cotton.

CSO: 3400/1673

87
MORE THAN FIVE THOUSAND JOBLESS REGISTER IN DAR ES SALAAM

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Jul 83 p 3

[Article by Tiruhungwa Michael]

TANZANIA

[Excerpt] MORE than five thousand

jobless people in Dar es Salaam

have registered themselves in

response to the Government call

under the Human Resources

Deployment Act.

The Dar es Salaam Regional

Commissioner, Ndugu John

Mhaville, said this over the

weekend, when he addresed

llala District Tanzania Women

Organisation (UWT) leaders.

He said 3,209 were from

Temeke District, 1,904 from

llala and 875 from Kihondoni.

Ndugu Mhaville pointed out

that the number did hot include

those who had voluntarily left

the city for their respective home

areas. Many jobless people were

approaching his office everyday

seeking for travelling assistance

to their villages.

He told the meeting, also

attended by the Party SecretaryGeneral, Ndugu Rashid

Kawawa, that the region had

been partitioned into three

divisions to facilitate allocation

of farm-lands for the jobless.

The first circle, which covers the

city centre, has been identified as

that occupied by office and industrial

workers. _

" Ndugu Mhaville said the second

circle consisted of 14 villages within

the city boundaries. It is from within

'these Villages that farming plots

would be allocated for the workers

and their wives residing in the city

i centre^ '•

He said the third circle included 35

villages in the city outskirts from

which farming plots would be

allocated to jobless people who

come from Dar es Salaam Region.

The area included Mvuti, Bunju,

Chahika, Msogola, Goba and

Mabwe-Pande villages. The circle

has an area of 16,800Tjectares.

The Regional Commissioner

reiterated that those who were not

perjnartftnt ..„residents of- Dar es

Salaam would be repatriated, adding

that the Government was

considering assisting them with

travelling fares.

He afeo said that a team of

agricultural and livestock experts

had already presented their reports

on the implentation of the

frogramme. However, the Small

ndustries Development

Organisation (SIDO) has yet to

present its report, he pointed out

He added that his office teas

awaiting results of the research

conducted by the Ministry of Labour

and Social Welfare which will

identify activities .to be classifiec as

. '.lawful income-generating

oc,cupatiöns,as provided for in the

Act,.

The Prime Minister last monthsaid that experts in various

disciplines Would be consulted to

give-advice and technical assistance

in the implementation ofthe Act.

Ndugu Mhaville urged the jobless

to come forward so that they could

be incorporated into the

programme. He said employees

applying for farming plots should

register themselves at their places of

work.

CSO: 3400/1673

88
TANZANIA

TPDC MANAGER SAYS CRUDE OIL SUPPLIES WILL LAST SIX WEEKS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text] DISCHARGING of 20,000

'tonnes of diesel from Libya,

which arrived in the country

late last week, was expected

to be completed last night for

immediate distribution, it was

learnt in Dar es Salaam.

The Tanzania Petroleum

Development Corporation

(TPDC) General Manager,

Ndugu Sylivester Barongo,

told the Daily News yesterday

that this and the 75,000 tonnes of crude oil delivered

earlier would last for between

one and one-and-a-half months.

He said refining of the

crude consignment which also

came from Libya would take

time because the handling

capacity of the Tanzanian and

Italian Petroleum Refining

Company (TIPER) was 2,000

tonnes a day.

Ndugu Barongo could not

say how much diesel would be

processed out of the con-

• signment. He explained that it

was a new type of crude for

TIPER.

He said, however, that

l preliminary estimates showed

; the crude and diesel consignments would "make

things look alright for a while

... Depending on the

distribution pattern, the"supply may last for one or oneand-a-half months," he said.

The .General Manager

declined to give details oh efforts to get more crude oil and

refined petroleum products,

but he said the situation was

"under very close

monitoring."

He stressed that local

refining of petroleum by

TIPER sufficed only 50 per

cent of the domestic demand,

adding that the deficit had to

be bridged by imported

refined products.

A spokesman for Total

(Tanzania) Limited said the

two consignments would ensure normal fuel supplies up

to the middle of next month.

The situation beyond that

would be determined by

government efforts to secure

more imports, he said.

He said the supply of diesel

had improved . since the

arrival of the 75,000 tonnes of

crude late last month. "We

have been selling everything

we receive ... We hope the

situation will improve further," he said.

The shortage of gasoil,

described as temporary by the

Government, has affected the

major sections of the transport sector, including

regional transport companies

and the Shirika La Usafiri

Dar es Salaam (UDA), which

have reduced or'. suspended

ftheir services.

UDA, which was forced to

reduce operation hours from

18 to eight a day, extended

its services to some 13 hours

early this week. Company officials were not available

yesterday to say when full

operation would resume.

Reports from Mtwara said

the regional transport company (KAUMU), which

suspended services two weeks

ago, would resume operations

this week after receiving

diesel.

A company' official told

Shihata on Tuesday that

passenger and cargo services,

including haulage of crops,

would resume between Mtwara and Tunduru,

Nachingwea, Newaia and

Masasi.

Passenger services between

Mtwara, Lindi and Masasi by

the Mtwara District Development Corporation were also

suspended and some government and parastatal

organisations vehicles funded because of the ftiel shortage.

The shortage also affected

power' and water supply in

Mtwara town, according to

Shihata.

A government statement

issued on June 24 " said

movement of coffee from

Moshi, Mbinga and Kagera

would be given top priority in

distribution of available fuel.

Regions engaged in cotton

harvesting and transportation

of sugar,, wheat, tobacco and

. cashewhuts would also get

preference, the statement

said.

It - said regions would

allocate their fuel quotas to

priority areas. Regions with

less activity would get

reduced quot-as until the

situation improved, it added.

The statement said the

shortage was caused by

inadequate foreign exchange

needed to import crude oil

and refined petroleum

products.

CSO: 3400/1673

89
UPPER VOLTA

POLITICAL SITUATION CONTINUES TO SMOLDER

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3439, 11 Jul 83 pp 1601-1602

[Text] THE OFFICIAL silence following the

military and civil unrest in Upper Volta

was finally broken on June 28 when President Ouedraogo gave a long press conference aimed at reassuring the country that

the situation was under control. But he

proposed no solutions to the underlying

problems which had created the conflict,

and his stated desire to give up the presidency as quickly as possible left most

observers to conclude that little was going

to change in Upper Volta.

The President condemned the ousted

radical tendency led by the former Prime

Minister, Captain Sankara, as forcefully as

his understated style would allow. The

Prime Minister and his allies had been

manipulated by the marxist Parti Africain

de Lindependance, which, the President

claimed, had already achieved threequarters of its programme for Upper Volta: if the authorities had not intervened on

May 17, Voltaics would have ended up

with "a communist society''.

All political conflict in the army was nowover, the President claimed. The forums of

the CSP (the Commission de Controle and

the Secretariat Permanent), had been

"taken over by a few people at the heart of

the CSP". The "problems" had been

solved by banning these forums and all

army meetings in which different sections

present their views: "there are no more

politics within the army", the President

said.

The "revolutionary Voltaic Voice", a

radio station, was being relayed by Libyan

radio, the President stated. This was "flagrant proof of unacceptable interference in

our internal affairs".

Despite the expulsion of the Libyan

Charge d'Affaires, diplomatic relations

with Libya were not yet broken; the

President had summoned the new Charge

"to protest energetically" against Libya's

involvement in the radio broadcasts, and

he was now waiting for the Libyan reaction. Major Ouedraogo went on to complain bitterly about the promises made by

Colonel Gaddafi when he visited

Ouagadougou on May Day. Gaddafi had

promised "construction of a hospital, road

repairs, assistance to the national budget

etc". "What people do not know," the

President said, "is that all of these promises had already been made. Conventions

had been signed for these same projects

since 1979. The promises about our

budgetary impasse were made in February,

but we had still not seen anything concrete

by May 17." According to the President,

Libya had previously promised an interestfree loan to the country, but during the

Colonel's visit they tried to add interest;

Upper Volta refused.

As for his own future, President Ouedraogo stated that he was "not gifted" in

politics, and preferred to remain a soldier.

*" He would not stand in the elections; "I still

have my stethoscope in my bag and it will

give me great pleasure to use it". He was

opposed to military men running the country, and accepted that it was going to be

difficult to stop the old political class'

coming back to power. "I have already

said, we cannot stop the old political class

with texts and constitutions. We can try,

but it is by no means clear that we will

succeed".

Maurice Yameogo, Upper Volta's first

president and founder of the UDV (Voltaic Democratic Union) party, must have

listened eagerly to these. words in

Koudougou, where he is clearly preparing

90
himself for the elections. Now 60 years old,

he is still enormously popular in his region

and addressed as "Monsieur Le President''. Most people are apparently prepared to forget his five-year sentence for

embezzlement from the state.

The-overall impression of calmness

which President Ouedraogo aimed to create in his press conference was reinforced

the next day by a complete lifting of the

curfew which has been in force all over the

country since the CSP took power in

November last year. Bars and nightclubs

stayed crowded until dawn, while traditional "dodo" dancers and drummers who

perform at this time of year paraded noisily

through the different quartiers of Ouagadougou late into the night.

The celebrations must have sounded a

hollow note for those ministers who were

dismissed following the arrests of May 17.

They had been given until July 1 to leave

their ministerial homes, and none are

allowed to leave Ouagadougou without

permission from the Minister of the Interior, Major Tarnagda. Some of these

unfortunates are tailed everywhere they go

by policemen. Captain Sankara has been

completely released, as was announced by

the President, but has not been allocated

any role within the army, and spends his

days at home with his family.

But things are not as calm and controlled

as the President would have his country

believe. The events of May and June may

well not be over. The ousted radical group

are certainly not giving up this easily, and

many meetings are going on to discuss how

best to respond to the situation.

West Africa will report on these meetings in the coming weeks.

CSO: 3400/1672

91
ZAMBIA

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SPEAKER LISTS BAN AGAINST PAPER'S REPORTERS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 15 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] Speaker of the National Assembly Mr. Robinson Nabulyato yesterday

lifted the ban against Zambia DAILY MAIL reporters who have not covered

Parliament since last February.

The Speaker ordered the lifting of the ban at the beginning of the fifth

and final session of the fourth national assembly which resumed business

yesterday after adjourning sine die in March this year.

Mr Nabulyato said in an announcement that the Editor-in-Chief of the DAILY

MAIL Mr Komani Kachinga has written to him and to the House apologising

and in appealing for the lifting of the ban has assured that the paper

would ensure that competent and responsible reporters are assigned to

cover Parliament.

"Honourable members, the Editor-in-Chief has faithfully apologised. It is

my humble duty to request the House to accept the apology in the same

spirit that it came and there being no objections I order the ban against

the Zambia DAILY MAIL reporters lifted," Mr Nabulyato said.

The Press passes for entry to Parliament premises were withdrawn from

MAIL reporters on February 17 this year until further notice or until the

paper applied for such entry permits when they were able to present responsible reporters.

The MAIL was banned on February 17, by the Speaker due to erroneous

reporting of proceedings in the House.

The MAIL made three errors in its reports on proceedings of the House in

February 17 issue.

CSO: 3400/1675

92
ZCTU ACCUSES GOVERNMENT OF DELAYING TACTICS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 18 Jul 83 pp 1, 5

ZAMBIA

[Text] THE Zambia Congress of

Trade Unions (ZCTU) yesterday accused the Party and its

Government of employing

delaying tactics in convening a

meeting of a special com-

.mittee formed to study

and analyse demands by labour leaders on the proposed

ten per cent wage ceiling for

workers.

ZCTU general secretary Mr

Newstead Zimba said in an in-'

terview in Kitwe yesterday the

labour movement was getting

concerned about the delays in

calling for the committee's

meeting which is chaired by

Prime Minister Mundia.

The committee was formed at

the end of a two-day talks called by President Kaunda to

discuss with labour leaders

their rejection of the wage rise

ceiling.

Dr Kaunda instructed the

committee — which comprised

representatives from the ministry of Finance and Labour and

Social Services, Prices and Incomes Commission on one

hand, and unionists on the

other — to meet as soon as

possible and report its findings

to him.

Mr Zimba wondered yesterday what the Government was

waiting for in convening the

meeting, saying some officials

were dragging their feet and

waiting for other matters to

torpedoe the decision of the*

committee.

He warned the Government

was inviting uncalled for reaction from the labour movement

by delaying the meeting. The

ZCTU was now flooded with

inquiries from workers wanting to know when the talks

would be held.

Continued delays would

force the ZCTU general council to take unilateral decisions

on the wage ceiling issue

which could include either going ahead with the talks or

rejecting them altogether.

The labour movement was

aware there were pressing

national issues like the forthcoming Party" General Conference and elections, but

workers' poverty and empty

stomachs were equaTTy urgent

CSO: 3400/1675

93
ZAMBIA-ZIMBABWE PASSENGER TRAIN SERVICE RESUMES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Jul 83 p 9

ZAMBIA

[Excerpt] PASSENGER train

services between

Zambia and Zimbabwe resumed in

style yesterday, ten

years after the

racist Rhodesian

minority regime of

Ian Smith closed

the border between

the two countries.

The inaugural train

rolled onto Victoria Falls

bridge cutting a ribbon

across the line to mark

the resumption of

passenger traffic.

Zimbabwean Minister of

Transport, Mr Farai Masango

was at the controls and in the

driver's cabin with him was

Power Transport and Communications Minister, General

Kingsley Chinkuli and general

manager of Zimbabwe National Railways, Mr Nigel

Tea-Cöx and his Zambian

counterpart Mr Basil Monze.

The train rolled into Livingstone carrying government

and railway officials from both

countries, Pressmen and Zimbabwe African National Union

j(ZANU) militants.

\y Earlier Mr Masango drove

to the Zambian side and invited Gen Chinkuli.

At Victoria Falls station Gen

Chinkuli told a gathering that

Zimbabwe independence had

brought a new era of dignity to

that country.

Zimbabwe's independence

had made it possible for the

people of the two countries to

witness the inauguration of

"the long overdue passenger

train service."

The resumption of the services was within the spirit of

the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference

(SÄDCC) and the Preferential

Trade Area (PTA).

Gen Chinkuli told the managements of both railway systems to consider improving the

efficiency of the resumed services.

"The administrations must

take a fresh look at fare

structures to attract more

traffic lest the resumption of

the services would be a

futile exercise in the face of

stiff competition from air services."

If the fares were raised

beyond the reach of the

ordinary people the number of

passengers would drop resulting in reduced revenue, he

said.

He utged the managements

to investigate a possibility of

introducing high-speed rail

car services to ease congestion

particularly during school holidays.

"A well run passenger railway system is a" potential

attraction .to tourist traffic

which in turn means a nrofitr

able source of foreign exchange and local revenue."

At Livingstone railway station Mr Masango said the

restoration of the service

would strengthen friendly

.relations between the two

nations.

"The railway between Victoria Falls and Kalomo was

opened on July 1,19Ö5 and has

been running until the racist

Rhodesian regime closed the

border in 1973."

Mr Masango said the

closure did not affect traffic for

Zaire in both directions. The

border was re-opened on October 6, 1978, and since then

only freight traffic had been

moving on both sides.

The resumption of the passenger service was a result of

the September 29, 1982 first

joint permanent commission

meeting at which lack of

passenger services between

the two states was discussed.

Several meetings followed

after that examining the viability of the services. It was later

agreed one daily service in

each direction would be feasible.

He said a recent survey revealed there was a potential

market of 10,000 passengers

a month. With the resumption of the services the market

would be captured to rail.

CSO: 3400/1675

9U
ZAMBIA

DBZ TO OFFER CONCESSIONAL LOAN TERMS TO PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 16 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] ^HE DEVELOPMENT Bank of Zambia (DBZ) will offer concessional loan

terms to prospective investors to expedite the establishment of a viable

small-scale industrial sector, President Kaunda announced yesterday!

But, he advised the bank to

scrutinise all applications

critically to ensure that only

deserving persons were granted loans to avoid any wastage

of the vital resources.

Opening the Development

House, the new headquarters

of the bank in Lusaka, the President further called for the

immediate removal of the cumbersome procedures which

retard progress of budding

entrepreneurs.

Urging Zambians to participate in the national endeavour of building a prosperous

small-scale industrial sector,

he said: "As prospective

investors they will enjoy

concessional terms for tHeir

loans. They will be protected

from foreign exchange risks

and will be required to make a

lower contribution than applies to the normal DBZ supported pnrjects."

H<weVer, applicants will

have to convince the bank that

they have a sound project

idea and the necessary entrepreneurial qualities. "Let me,

therefore, state in clear terms

that the assistance offered

under the scheme is not charity but is serious and ear-nest

proposition to hard-working,

energetic, resourceful,

sincere and honest Zambians.

He lauded the bank's decision to establish a corhpany

called Small-Scale Enterprises Promotion Limited in

conjunction with Friedrich

Ebert Foundation of West

, Germany. This will play a key

role in boosting production.

The first three small-scale

industrial prefects were sanctioned yesterday by the DBZ

board of directors. The President commended» fhe bank

for its swift initiative.

Noting with concern that

prior to any start of production, the entrepreneur was faced with many hurdles such as

incorporation of a company',

licences to manufacture and

sell, plot allocation, service

connections and others, Dr

Kaunda called on relevant

authorities to eliminate these

impediments.

"There is no reason why

these procedures should be

cumbersone .and time consu- ' ming. It is incumbent upon the

authorities to give efficient

service to the people, and

I shall not condone anybody !

who stands in the way of

making, our s<x;iety more

productive,'' he warned.

The Small Industries De- !

velopment Organisation

(SIDO) will give prospective

assistance to prospective

entrepreneurs in such areas

as market assessment, selection, of technology, feasibility

study, licencing and registration.

The Bank of Zambia will

introduce a credit guarantee

scheme and the DBZ, along

with commercial banks, will

extend financial assistance.

Dr Kaunda explained that

the overall objective of the

scheme was to extend industries to rural and semi-urban

areas, to promote local enterprise and thereby ensure the

prosperity of the remote

parts of the country.

Calling on the bank to

exercise caution when disbursing its funds, the Pre--

sident said careful consideration ought to be given to the

efficiency with which financial

resources were allocated and

, utilised.

He emphasised the imporj tance of avoiding wastage,

pointing out that borrowed

foreign capital had to be serviced and repaid irrespective

of how it was. used to imrove

t he domestic economy.

"If this is not the case, we

forego the benefits our investment while remaining burde1 ned with debt servicing obligations."

CSO: 3400/1675

95
ZAMBIA

BOZ TO REMIT PART OF SUM BELONGING TO INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 18 Jul 83 p 7

[Article by Ephraim Sumaili]

[Excerpt] THE GOVERNMENT has authorised the Bank

of Zambia to remit part of over K40 million

belonging to international airlines operating in

Zambia, Board of Airlines Representatives

(BAR), chairman, Mr Frederick Ndeto disclosed

i n Lusaka at the weekend.

: The money, belonging to British Caledonian, India, Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, Zimbabwe Airways, Aeroflot, UTA, Royal Swazi and

Air Zaire was remitted last month, Mr Ndeto

said.

"^The airlines had at the end

; of last year accumulated over

K40 million on ticket sales

in Zambia and it was reported

that less than K2 million

was remitted.

Mr Ndeto who is also Kenya Airways manager for

Zambia and Malawi declined

to give the actual amount

remitted but said, it was "substantial."

"All airlines operating in

Zambia are satisfied with the

allocation. The fact however,

is that the pipeline of unremitted money is still growing because tickets are being

sold everyday," he explained.

The airlines have been

experiencing a lot of problems in remitting money

to their countries because ',

oTthe,foreign exchange difff-""

culties Zambia is facing.

And Mr Ndeto said that it

is with full realisation of the

CSO: 3400/1675

"country's financial difficulties

that international carriers felt

grateful with the allocation

which was given by the

central bank.

He pointed out that this

was the first time the Bank

of Zambia had released 'a

lump sum of money' for remittance to all airlines at one

time.

/ The move has pleased everybody because the money

} was evenly distributed unlike

'; in the past when individual

| airlines, negotiated for their

{allocations, Mr Ndeto said.

S The previous system, he

I observed bred discontent

; among some airlines who

| felt that they were underi allocated.

'" Reviewing the airlines activities since last December,

when the government intjif-

" duced air travel restrictions,

\ he .noled.ihat no airline

f Has^contravened the regulai Tunis' imposed by the central

'bank.

The BAR market reform

committee has ensured that

'all airlines operating in

I Zambia play a clean game"

, in conformity with the regui" lations, he said.

Because of the faithfulness

demonstrated by the airlines,

there is presently no problem

of under-cutting on air ticket

sales, Mr Ndeto explained.

The only problem facing the

carriers including Zambian

Airways, is the delay in

i clearing the paper work.

The same problem has affected the central bank when

. approving ticket sales.

The BAR has offered suggestions on how to overcome

the problem but it still remains

the bank's prerogative to stick

-.to- the current procedure

or to change, Mr Ndeto

said.

96
ZAMBIA

UNHCR SAYS ANGOLA BORDER SECURITY SITUATION UNSAFE FOR OPERATIONS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jul 83 p 2

[Text] THE united Nation

High Commission fo'

Refugees (UNHCR) hz

said the security situation

along Angola/Zambia

border is not safe for its

operations.

UNHCR deputy representative in Zambia Mr Susumu

Horie said: "We are concerned about new findings of refugees along the border with

Angola, because new arrivals

are not being known due to the

security situation in border

areas which is not conducive."

Mr Horie is in the Angolan

government delegation as an

observer. The delegation is

here to mobilise refugees to

return back to Angola to go

and participate in national

reconstruction programmes.

The UNHCR chief disclosed

that there were 90,000

refugees in Zambia, out of

which 70,000 were Angolans,

most of fhem scattered along

the border areas.

"There arc 56,000 Angolan

refugees in North-Western

Province along the border

areas, in addition to 10,243

at Mahcba settlement camp.

There arc also 4,000 refugees

in Western Province," he

explained.

The remaining 20,000

refugees are from Zaire,

Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia and South Africa. There

were few university students

from Uganda sponsored by the

UNHCR and were waiting to

complete their studies before

they could be repatriated.

Asked what UNHCR

'thought about the proposed

repatriation of Angolan

refugees, Mr Horie said:

"The UNHCR is aware of

the importance of the repatriation exercise. But the most

important element is that the

exercise should be of voluntary

nature. They (refugees) should

not be forced to go .back

to Angola under any circumThe UNHCR chief explained

that there were three

"durable" solutions to

refugees problems: "One was

voluntary repatriation."

The second was local integration of refugees in the

country of asylum and the

third resettlement in the third

countries by the UNHCR

which has to find recipient

countries.

He admitted there was need

for more educational and

medical facilities at Maheba,

but limited funds were affecting the work.

Mr Horie said the UNHCR

would next year hold an

international conference for

African refugees in Geneva,

Switzerland.

Angolan central committee

member and governor for

Moxico province Mr Celestino

Shinhama, when addressing

Angolan refugees at Maheba

"A" Primary School in

Solwezi urged the refugees

to go back to Angola and

help in the reconstruction of

that country.

The Angola delegation of

eight led by Mr Shinhama was

accompanied to Maheba by,

among others, North-Western

provincial political secretary

Mr Dusken Kakompe, acting

Zambian commissioner for

refugees Mr Misheck Mwila

and acting under secretary in

the Ministry of Home Affairs

Mr Edington Sikazwe.

Mr Shinhama admitted

there was war going on

between MPLA government

and UNITA's Jonas Savimbi

rebel forces. —Zaha.

CSO: 3400/1675

97
ZAMBIA

ANTI-CORRUPTION COMMITTEE PROBING SOME 'TOP-LEVEL' LEADERS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] jug Anti-Corruption Commission is act

number of "top-level" leaders in the Party

for corruption, commissioner Mr Justice

revealed in Lusaka yesterday.

So far the commission has submitted 13

reports to President'

Kaunda on irregularities

by some top officials in

which it could not

establish strong enough

cases for prosecution.

Among those being probed

are sonie parastatal executives. '

Speaking during a Press

briefing on progress made by

the commission since it became operational seven

months ago, Mr Justice

Bruce-Lyle said there were

not many reports being made

involving "the top flies."

It was not the intention of

the commission to concentrate the bulk of its resources on investigating and

prosecuting "small flies"

but at the moment this had

been unavoidable because

most reports were those on

uninfluencial members of

society.

But on the whole the level

of corruption in Zambia had

not attained alarming proportions yet and because of

this the commission attached

great importance to its prevention.

Since it started work

the commission had received 350 complaints of

alleged or suspected corruption. Of this number 163

have been authorised for

investigations.

Complaints made to the

commission but which fell

outside its jurisdiction were

referred to appropriate

authorities and the complainants advised of this.

Out of its own investigations the commission had

undertaken eight prosecutions for offences against the

Corrupt Practices Act.

Of the.eight one had resulted in a conviction of five

years for the offender while

the others were in various

stages of prosecution.

The commission was now

streamlining administrative

systems in two ministries to

make them less prone to

corruption.

The exercise was being

undertaken after persistent

reports from people in the

two ministers.

Officers from the commission found that there was a

fault in the procedures

being followed in those

institutions.

He said the ministries

were those dealing in the

issue of permits and licences

and with the administration

of law.

Mr Justice Bruce-Lyle said

ultimately it' might become

necessary to streamline rules

and procedures in all Gov-

\el> investigating a

and its Government

William Bruce-Lvle

ernment undertakings to

juard against corruption.

Investigations had been

undertaken in suspicious

deals concluded between

Zambian agencies arid

toreign companies. In some

. cases officers from the comr_ mission had travelled abroad

to carry out probes.

Mr Justice Bruce-Lyle

appealed to the public to

report corrupt practices to

the commission.

The commission would

look into all reports rceived

and would mil identify the

complainants if they did not

want to be known.

The commission had been

impressed with the vigilance

and cooperation it had received from works committees,and Party committees at

places of work which Mr

Justice Bruce-Lyle said were

"true watchdogs".

On ministers and other

top-level leaders being

investigated he said this.was

a result of complaints made

to the commission.

But this should not be misconstrued to mean the whole

leadership was corrupt, he

stressed.

The commission had devoted more resources to

-combating high-level corruption, because that was the

"most dangerous form of

!' corruption."

CSO: 3400/1675

98
ZAMBIA

MINISTER OF STATE REPORTS ON CIVIL SERVICE CUTS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jul 83 p 1

[Excerpt] The Government has pruned the Civil Service from 80,916 in

1980 to 70,801 last year, Minister of State for Civil Service Dr Mutumba

Bull told Parliament yesterday.

She was answering Member of Parliament for Liuwa, Mr Namushi Namuchana

who wanted to know what measures had been taken in the last two years to

prune the public service as a cost-saving measure.

For the past three years the personnel division had restricted the growth

of the civil service. The division did this by freezing all vacant posts

in the clerical, executive and administrative level.

"What this means is that no money is provided for such posts by Parliament

and therefore they cannot be filled."

Dr Bull said freezing of vacant posts was a continuing process. "As such

whenever any post in these three categories becomes vacant during the year,

it is automatically frozen."

The Government reduced the civil service by terminating the contract or

temporary appointments of officers who were re-appointed to the Civil

Service after retirement by giving them three months notice.

Rationalised

The Government had rationalised the public service by ensuring ministries

and departments which asked for the creation of new posts, or the upgrading

of existing ones declared savings on the personal emoluments vote by

surrendering some of the existing fully funded vacant posts.

"These vacancies occur when the officers get promoted, dismissed, retired

or resign. Sometimes, vacancies occur when a project for which they were

created to service has been completed."

CSO: 3400/1675

99
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

IMMIGRATION OFFICERS ABDUCTED—Zairean authorities abducted two Zambian

immigration officers from Kaputa, Northern Province into Zaire and were

only released this week after representations from the Government, it was

learnt yesterday. Northern Province permanent secretary Mr Isaac Manda

confirmed the officers, but said he had not been told exactly when the

incident took place. Speaking in an interview from Kasama he said he

received a report on the matter on Tuesday but the next day another one

was sent to him saying the officers had been released. According to

informed sources, the Zambians were taken hostage in retaliation for

alleged arrest of three Zaireans by immigration officials in the area.

It was not known whether the Zaireans had been released. A report had been

sent to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Lusaka. "The ministry should

be in a better position to know whether there were representations from us

before our officers were released," Mr Manda said. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES

OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Jul83p 1]

CLOSURE OF MOSQUE—Lusaka police have ordered the closure of Chibolya

Muslim mosque after recent riots between rival factions which left one man

dead and several others seriously injured. Force headquarters spokesman

said yesterday investigations into the incident had been launched and

police had ordered no prayers should be held in the mosque pending the

outcome of the probe. The two rival factions are the Muslim Association of

Zambia and the Zambia Muslim Society. A senior member of the association

Mr Ali Mtalika told TIMES yesterday services were suspended three weeks ago.

He said trouble began over the use of funds by former chairman. The former

chairman aggravated the issue by refusing to step down from chairmanship

which he had for 20 years during which no elections were held contrary to

the association's constitution which stipulated that polls should be held

every two years. Party officials stepped into the matter and ordered

elections should be held but they were postponed on two occasions because

the former chairman allegedly failed to turn up. A new executive was

elected on the third occasion although the former chairman did not attend.

But after the elections members of the Zambia Muslim Society allegedly

stormed the mosque while prayers were being held and threw stones and

bricks at the congregation killing Mr Janna of Chawama township. Police

picked up three members of the society for interrogation. [Text] [Lusaka

TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 18 Jul 83 p 1]

100
MANPOWER SURVEY--The Census and Statistics Office is carrying out a pilot

manpower survey designed to collect information on the nation's working

force and to identify areas with acute manpower shortages. Director of

Census and Statistics Mr Jeremiah Banda said in Lusaka yesterday that the

survey will enable the country plan properly to enhance development. [as

published] "The increasing importance of high level and skilled manpower

to the country's economic development cannot be emphasised such that the

current information on the nation's manpower resources forms an important

facet in development planning," he said. Mr Banda said the statistics

office carried out manpower surveys annually but that the current survey

was more detailed and important for the planners. [Excerpt] [Lusaka

DAILY MAIL in English 16 Jul 83 p 5]

CSO: 3400/1675

101
CANADIANS HOPE FOR MORE LOCAL BUSINESS VENTURES

Harare BUSINESS HERALD in English 21 Jul 83 p 1

ZIMBABWE

[Text]

CANADIAN engineering:

and management consultants, Hudson Merani

Associates, - have

negotiated a {326 000 deal

for the local manufacture

of wheelchairs and are

looking for other Joint

ventures with local companies.

The deal, one of the

three negotiated with

local medical and dental

suppliers, Surgimed (Pvt)

Ltd, is expected to fulfil

the local demand for

wheelchairs. The other

two are — manufacturing

of laboratory reagents.

and the manufacture of

bandages and dressings. .;

. "The deal will be funded

by Surgimed • and will

receive export financing

from the Export Development Corporation of

the Canadian Government," said Mr Bob

Hooda, HMA's vice president of overseas operations. ' _

Surgimed has a plant in

Harare for the manufacture of wheelcnairs and

hopes to .export to the

SADCC region in the

second year of operations

withHMA.

"This will be a labour

intensive project and we

are trying to employ excombatants who were

injured in the war."

said Surgimed's managing

director, Mr Danny Meyer.

"Training of these

workers will be done in

, Canada and material will

be locally produced except

for a few components

which will have to be imported," said Mr Meyer.

Thejproject is expected

to start at the beginning

of next year with an initial production of 1000

wheelchairs a year. Two

types of . wheelchairs

. named "The Horizon" and

"The Laurentian" will be

•produced.

"There is such a backlong of wheelchair orders

in this country, parties

ularly in the rural areas,

that for the first year our

products will be only for

the Zimbabwe market.

But, after that, we will

look for export markets.

"The plant is capable of

producing more than 2 000

units a year which gives

us an increase of about 50

percent in production for

the second year," said Mr

Meyer.

, Mr Hooda claimed his

was the only Canadian

company which placed

'emphasis on industries in

the SADCC region. It has

• set up a number of pro-

-. jects in othei* • African

.countries including Tanzania and Zambia.

"We are currently

organising an industrial

seminar of the SADCC region to be held in Toronto

in September and /hone to,

attract about 100 Cana-

. dian companies," said Mr

Hooda;

Mr Hooda said: "We

specialise in supplying

technology to Third World

countries and. are

presently focusing on

SADCC. We have been involved in a number of

turnkey projects in other

African countries which

included water resources

and edible oil, among

other things."

Mr Hooda left for Zambia last week and will be

back in September to

finalise a deal to put up a

foundry for the manufacture of electrical connectors in Harare. He

hopes to. meet other

businessmen interested in

joint venture*

CSO: 3400/1707

102
ZIMBABWE

FIRST TRADE AGREEMENT WITH PAKISTAN

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 15 Jul 83 p 5

[Text]

THE RECENT addition of a trade

office to the Pakistani embassy in

Harare, following visits by two

trade delegations from Pakistan in

1980, has paved the way for the

signing of the first trade agreement

between Zimbabwe and Pakistan.

This is due to take place within the

next fortnight, according to Mr

Abid Javed Akbar, First Secretary

(Commercial), of the embassy.

"The new agreement", Mr .

Akbar said, "is a comprehensive

goodwill type of agreement,

whereby each country will give the

other 'most favoured nation'

treatment in all aspects oftrade".

"A Pakistan delegation, headed

by the Minister for production and

industries, visited Zimbabwe in

August, 1980, and signed a

protocol creating a joint ministerial commission and a memorandum of understanding for furthering economic collaboration

between the two countries", he

said.

Another trade delegation was in

Zimbabwe in October, 1980,

when, Mr Akbar said, a trade

agreement was proposed. It is to be

signed in the second or third week

of July this year, by the Pakistani

ambassador to Zimbabwe and

local officials.

The concept of a trade office as

pan of the embassy was conceived

a year ago, Mr Akbar said, but the

office became operative only in

April this year, on his arrival.

"Its objective is to create a

better awareness of Pakistan's

technological and industrial

capabilities, and to give impetus to

the promotion of existing commercial relations between Zimbabwe

and Pakistan.

He said an "export display

centre" will be set up in Harare in

the next three to four months.

"The idea is not to dazzle local

industrialists with "a physical

display of the broad range of our

industrial goods, but to display

those which can help Zimbabwe in

her programme of rural uplift''.

He said goods like diesel irrigation pumps and cotton gins will be

displayed in the new centre, to

promote its rural uplift theme. The

Pakistani stand at next year's

Zimbabwe International Trade

Fair will have the same theme, he

said.

"Depending on the local

reception of the goods on display

in the export display centre, they

will be changed from time to time,

and other exhibits that people

would like to see brought out from

Pakistan. We will also have lots of

literature on industrial estates,

such as those that uplifted

Pakistan's economically backward

areas," he said.

Pakistan imports from Zimbabwe tea, coffee extract, wattle

extract, asbestos, and minerals: It

exports "marginal quantities • of

cotton yarn and zinc oxide,"

according to Mr Akbar.

CSO: 3400/1707

103
ZIMBABWE

MANPOWER PLANNING, DEVELOPMENT MINISTER CRITICIZES CAPITALISM

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Jul 83 p 5

[Text] ADELIBERATE capitalist wage strategy by the private sector is largely

to blame for creating staffing problems in the country's technical training

colleges, says the Minister of Manpower Planning and Development, Dr

Frederick Shava.

Addressing students, lecturers and industrialists at the annual speech

and prize-giving ceremony for the technical college, held at the Bulawayo

City Hall on Thursday, Cde Shava rejected accusations levelled at the

Government about the shortage of manpower and failure to staff fully the

"The Government also

lays the blame squarely on

the pervasive capitalist

practices which put self

before society," he said.

"In our view the problems of college staffing

have arisen by and large

as a result of a deliberate

capitalist wage strategy

by the private sector

which increased competition for skills and evii

denced the gap between

public and private sector

Salary, structures."

Cde Shava said when the

new social order was

established the Government enunciated the policy

of reconciliation, reconstruction and rehabilitation.

But many skilled

workers, with the subtle

and overt encouragement

of their avowed capitalist

sympathisers from "within

and outside Zimbabwe,

unleashed the initial onslaught on this policy of

progress and prosperity"«

"All' of a sudden they

had employment opportunities galore both in

other countries, especially

South Africa, and in the

local private sector," said

the minister.

In some cases minors

were helped to leave and

secure training outside the

country. "Thus the stage

was locally set for qppon«

available colleges.

ents of the new social

order to wage a policy of

economic destabllisation in

our country."--

The private sector naa

the capacity to offer internationally competitive conditions of service, particularly salaries, which even

surpassed those offered by

most of the developed

countries, not to mention

developing countries.

"Paradoxically these

conditions cpuld neither

retain nor recall those

skilled workers whose emigration had been orchestrated. The salaries of

Government technical

staff, especially at the colleges, and the Government

fees for technical examiners and moderators

suddenly became low on a

relative scale."

A multiplicity of training officer posts were

created in industry. In the

ensuing private sectors recruitment exercises, the

Government technical

staff, especially the college

lecturers, were the prime

target and i therefore

offered the posts.

At the same time the

numerous part-time lecturers dwindled to a

trickle, because it was

claimed that the demand

on their time in industry

had increased out of proportion.

"The result was. deferment or cancellation of

college-based courses at

short notice and thus creating a raison d'etre for

individual organisations to

establish their own little

polytechnics headed by the

former college lecturers."

Cde Shava said the Government was now being

asked to allocate vast

sums of foreign exchange

for "these umpteen little

polytechnics to acquire the

necessary training facilities, so that, it is claimed,

their experienced lecturers

can conduct standard

training".

"No government anywhere in the world, even if

it had excess foreign exchange would accept this

kind of blackmail when

similar facilities are lying

Idle at colleges."

To redress the situation

legislation that will provide for the establishment

of a national manpower

advisory body would be

presented in Parliament.

The board would be

composed of citizens from

different sectors of our

economy, including the

pubUc sector.

An establishment of a

fund which would be used

to back up public and private efforts to establish

and maintain the national

manpower development infrastructure would also be

included in the legislation.

CSO: 3400/1707 10b,
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

LOAN AGREEMENT WITH FRG-zimbabwe's Ambassador to the Federal Republic of

Germany, Dr Eubert Moashaire, signed two loan agreements worth Z$9.5 million,

with the Bank for Reconstruction in Frankfurt, on Monday said a spokesman

for the FRG Embassy in Zimbabwe yesterday. The money would be used for two

projects said the spokesman. The first agreement for $4 million would be

used by the Agricultural Finance Corporation, as a contribution to the peasant sector credit programme, providing medium and long-term loans to farmers in communal lands. The second agreemement, worth $5.5 million would

provide for the irrigation programme for the Ministry of Lands, Resettlement

and Rural Development. Most of this money would go to the Tshovane irrigation project in the Chiredzi district said the spokesman. [Text] [Harare

THE HERALD in English 20 Jul 83 p 1]

BRITISH MILITARY TRUCKS PURCHASE—The Bedford company in Britain, commercial

vehicle division of America's General Motors, is reported to have won a contract worth about $7.6 million to supply military trucks in Zimbabwe. According to the report in last week's AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, delivery of the

240 MJR four-wheeled drive vehicles and spares has already started. As they

are said to be "urgently needed" they are being shipped complete with tyres

but will be fitted with locally built bodies. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL

GAZETTE in English 15 Jul 83 p 5]

ROBBERIES FORCE POLICE REDEPLOYMENT—Harare, 26 Jul (SAPA)—The government has

redeployed police in all banks and building societies in Harare and Bulawayo

following the recent spate of robberies, the secretary for home affairs, Mr

William Henning, said in an interview published today. He said a decision had

been taken to post police at all banks and building societies and it was expected that all the branches which had been closed would be reopened. The

move follows pleas by members of parliament and the public to tighten security at financial institutions. Mr Henning said police would continue to be

deployed at banks and building societies according to the demands of the

security situation. A week ago, a messenger was killed when a gunman held

up two CABS sub-branches in Harare. The robberies forced CABS to shut down

14 of its branches and the Beverley Building Society closed seven branches.

Police protection is to remain in force until the banks and building

societies had taken the necessary tighter security measures themselves. [Text]

[MB260914 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0823 GMT 26 Jul 83]

CSO: 3400/1682 END

105