IVORY COAST

STEADY INDUSTRIAL EXPANSION FORECAST
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2936, 28 Sep 82 p 14

[Text] Abidjan, September 25--Industry in Ivory Coast has suffered badly from
the world crisis but is maintaining its growth rate, and is expected to expand
steadily in coming years, the Ivory Coast Chamber of Industry said at its annu-
al meeting.

With production up 10 percent in 1981, Industry Minister Maurice Seri Gnoleba
told the meeting: “Ivory Coast will soon have sufficient surplus to finance
new investment."

He noted that many of the country's resources were unexploited, and that many
of its commodities were expected to see prices rise. Confidence abroad in
Ivory Coast was an additional factor.

During 1981 the number of companies in operation rose one percent, capital-
rating was up seven percent, turnover rose 24 percent, The workforce dropped
two percent while the wage bill increased seven percent.

The chamber stressed that the number of companies had risen from 375 in 1971 to
7ll in 1981. Of the latter figure, some 300 were small concerns: 200 bakeries
and 96 print works.

Over the past few years, the capital invested in companies has been rising 10
to 20 percent per annum. Ivory Coast participation has steadily risen in
terms of absolute value and is now 65 percent the state accounting for 52 per-
cent and private Ivory Coast investors 13 percent.

French capital has risen in absolute value but now accounts for 21 percent
against 40 percent in 1976, More than a score of other countries have a 14
percent interest including Switzerland, Lebanon, the United States, the Bene-
lux countries, Britain, West Germany and Japan.

Industrial investment has gone up about 15 percent yearly over the past few
years, or some 120 million dollars, In 1980 there was a big jump of around

700 million dollars as a result of the commissioning of the Taabo hydroelectric
plant, two sugar mills and the Belier oil site. In 1981 investment is esti-
mated at 500 million dollars. ‘The chamber said overall turnover by industry had
been rising an average 23 percent over the past decade. As production rose 10
percent last year, prices went up nine percent. The home market accounted for
60.5 percent of industry's total sales. (A.F.P.)

cso: 3400/39
1h



COURT OVERTURNS GOVERNMENT DECISION TO EXCISE INGWAYUMA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 pp 6, 8

[Text]

BLOEMFONTEIN.

+ — The Appeal Court
yesterday found the
State President acted

» beyond his powers in
excising the Ingwavu-

‘ma area of Natal from

. kwaZulu without

* prior consultation be-
tween the South Afri-
can Government and
the kwaZulu Govern-
ment.

In a judgment hand-

: ed down in Bloemfon-
tein, the Chief Justice,
Mr Justice Rabie, with
three other judges con-
curring, upheld a Natal
Supreme Court deci-
sion and

_.. © found that kwa-

. Zulu was entitled to
seek relief from the
court, in spite of the
South African Govern-
ment’s argument that it
was an organ of the
State and could not

take legal proceedings
against other organs of
thestate and

© declared _ procla-
mation R121 of June 18
this year, excising Ing-

_ wavuma from kwaZu-
Ju, null and void.

Mr Justice Muller, who
also heard argument on
the appeal, has since be-

‘come ill, but his col-

* leagues were given his_

“views immediately after
the hearing. They accord-
ed substantially with the
conclusions of the other
four judges and in terms
Sof Section 12 (3) of the
Supreme Court Act, the
judgment of the four be-

. came the full court’s judg-

ment.

The respondents in the
appeal were the Govern-
ment of kwaZulu and Mr
» Mfana Eric Ngubane, sec-
s.retary of kwaZulu’s Chief
= Minister, Chief Gatsha
»Buthelezi. ~

» Costs
‘The appellants were or-
dered to pay the costs, in-
: Cluding the costs of two

counsel for the kwaZulu

Government

counsel for Mr Ngubane.
The kwaZulu Govern-

ment, represented by
three counsel, had asked
for their costs in the event
of dismissal of the appeal.

The appellants, who
were represented by four
counsel and who had ask-
ed for the costs of these
counsel if the appeal were
upheld, did not oppose
the kwaZulu request.

Mr Justice Rabie decid-
ed the complexity, im-
portance and urgency of
the matter justified the
costs of only two counsel.

The court also decided
that in view of

35

and two.

@ the status occupied
by the self-governing ter-
ritory in the scheme
evolved for the political
and constitutional devel-

‘opment of Black areas;
and
@ the fact that the
kwaZulu = Government
had no other remedy than
: to. approach the court for
{relief when proclamation.

R121 was issued, it was

entitled to institute legal
| proceedings against the
; South African Govern-
;Mment or one of its Minis-
" ters.

: 1927 Act
Proclamation R121 was
issued in terms of Section
25 (1) of the Black Ad-
). ministration Act of 1927.
Mr Justice Rabie said
he would assume for the
“purposes of the appeal
swithout deciding — the
: question that the procla-
imation was new law ap-
plicable to an area as de-
fined in that section.
<-It was not alleged by
the appellants that the
kwaZulu Legislative As-
*sembly or Government
}.was in any way consulted
before issue of thE proc-

“Jamation, They — con-
“tended no consultation
"was required.

The judge said that
when Parliament passed
| the“National States Con-
| Stitution Act of 1971 it

SOUTH AFRICA

provided for the estab-
lishment of legislative as-
semblies in Black areas
and for the definition of
areas in which assemblies
would have legislative
powers. :

It also provided for the
amendment of such areas.

Not unlimited
The State President’s
power to amend an area
declared by him to be a
self-governing _ territory
was not unlimIted, the
court said.

_ Since such an area was
one for which an as-
sembly had been estab-

' lished in terms of Section
1 (1) of the 1971 Act, it
could be amended only
after consultation by the
Minister of Co-opération
and Development with
the Cabinet of the territo-
ry concerned.

. Mr Justice Rabie said it
= was clear the State Presi-
dent’s powers under the
1971 Act to amend the

i area of a self-governing

| territory were subject to
the limitation that they
might be exercised only
after there had been the
relevant consultation.

\ Jurisdiction

, It was contended by the
respondents that since the
1971 Act was a later law
than Section 25 (1) of the

1927 Act and the former



SOUTH AFRICA

SEVENTY DETAINEES CLAIM 'BRUTAL TORTURE!

Jailers Uncontrolled
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Oct 82 p 2
[Article by Charles Mogale and Sam Mabe]

[Text] The Minister of Law and Order, Mr. Louis le Grange, was yesterday presented
with more than 70 statements from ex-detainees claiming brutal torture in detention.

The statements were presented by the Detainees' Parents’ Support Committee (DPSC)
following the Minister's rejection of torture claims in April this year.

In the statements, it is claimed that detainees were subjected to abuse ranging from
“mere bullying to third-degree brutal torture."

The Security Police are alleged to have subjected the detainees to torture methods such
as electric shocks, deprivation of toilet facilities, sleep and food, hooding and
suffocating, choking and arduous physical exercises.

There are also allegations of common assault that are said to have been used on wo-
men also. These include slapping, kicking, beating with hosepipes and sticks,
crushing of toes and banging detainees' heads on walls and tables.

The Minister was told some of the injuries sustained as a result of the assaults in-
cluded broken teeth, loss of eyesight, burst eardrums and damaged kidneys and bladder.

In one instance, it is alleged, a firearm was drawn, inserted into a detainee's mouth
and cocked. There are also allegations of threats to throw detainee's out of win-
dows of high buildings.

Among the allegations, there are 20 of sleep deprivation, 54 of beating, slapping
and kicking, 11 of being suspended in midair and 14 of attacks on genitals. In 25
cases, it was alleged that detainees were kept naked and exposed to cold by either
being made to stand in front of an open window or doused with water.

Security Police interrogators are also alleged to have used the "helicopter" method,

in which a detainee has his hands cuffed to his ankles and a broom handle is
slipped through legs and arms.

31



SENDINGKERK SYNOD OPTS TO JOIN SACC

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 p 12

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — Ina
move which will fur-
"ther distance the pre-

dominantly Coloured -

Ned Geref Sending-
kerk from the White
«Ned Geref Kerk, the
Sendingkerk’s synod
has voted over-
whelmingly to join
the South African
Council of Churches.
Delegates voted over:
whelmingly to congratu-
late the SACC’s general
secretary, Bishop Des-
mond Tutu, on his recent
nomination for the Nobel
Peace Prize.
Amid an‘ outcry, del-
= egates forced the outspo-
ken dominee from Ro-
bertson East, the Rev JM
Olivier, to withdraw a re-
mark that Bishop Tutu
was “a neo-Marxist” and
supporter of liberation
. theology.
+ The president of the
° SACC, the Rev Peter
Storey, said from Johan-
nesburg on Wednesday
night he was “delighted

cso: 3400/31

t
i

that another member of
the Dutch Reformed fam-
ily has voted to join the
wider family of Christians
inthis country.”

He believed that “iso-
lation is the enemy of
Christian truth and South

. Africa needs, more than

anything at this time, a
united Christian witness
against injustice and for
reconciliation”.

At Wednesday’s _ ses-.
-sion of the synod, an
amendment jecti:

SACC links with the
World Council of Church-
esy-WCC support of ter-
rorism and negative news-
paper reports of financial
matters in the SACC”

ing the SACC was im-
| possible because “it in-
cludes Roman: Catholics
and Mohammedans”.
° The statement was re-
| jected asirrelevant.

Delegates were told
| that the other two sister
‘churches, the Reformed
‘Church in Africa (Indian)
and the Ned Geref Kerk
in Africa’ (Black) were
“ already full members.
Before the Synod was a
§ 6 700-word report on the
| SACC, saying that while
| the White ‘Ned Geref
» Kerk made “an important
| contribution” to the de-
;
I
t

velopment of aparth
the “open” English:
guage churches had re-
jected apartheid on the
grounds of Scripture.

i

| With the National Par-

b ty. coming to power in
1948 and enforcing apart-

| heid and the SACC com-

ing into being in 1968 and
rejecting apartheid, a ma-
jor theological’ issue
evolved.

“An important devel-
opment for the SACC in
recent years is its greater
representation of Black
Christians, who are in the
majority.

“The SACC gives
Black Christians an op-
portunity to be heard,
and it gives Black and

ho

SOUTH AFRICA

White Christians the op-
portunity to lear to
know and accept one an-
other.”

The report ended with
the statement: “The ecu-
menical path in the South
African situation is not

» the easiest, but is the road

which we may no longer

avoid. We have to accept

the pain of our ‘together-

ness.”
In its recommenda-

“tions, the commission

| which drew up the report
referred specifically to the
White NGK. commitment’
to apartheid as the issue
which “restrains it from
joining the SACC and
which threatens to bring
about alienation between
the NGK and its daughter
churches.”

‘The report said that be-
cause Jesus Christ was so
concerned with the unity
of his church, it was an
issue which the Sending-
kerk had to face. Within

< the SACC the Sending-

kerk could make its con-

tribution to Christian
unity.in the South African
situtation. Sapa.



Finally, in the political area, the two ministers reaffirmed that both their
nations share identical views on the great international problems of the hour.
They denounced the South African aggressions against Angola, as well as the
racist policy of Pretoria, which tends to hold back Namibia's accession to in-
dependence. They also condemn the invasion of Lebanon by the Jewish state.

Minister of State Martin Bongo was accompanied on his trip by the charge de
mission of the president of the Republic to the minister of Foreign Affairs

and Cooperation, Ambassador Jean-Felix Adande,, by our ambassador to the Congo,
Constant Tsoumou, by his administrative assistant, Ambroise Ngoye M'Bongo, by
the director of the African division, Emmanuel Mendome Nze, and the director of
protocol, Jean Paulin Ngounda.

8946
csO: 3419/9



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS .

GM LAYS OFF WORKERS--The deteriorating economic circumstances yesterday led to the
laying off of about 200 workers by General Motors. Mr Rod Ironside, assistant mana-
ging director of GM, said in a short statement there had to be "some adjustment in
the workforce in line with economic conditions. He said about 200 workers would be
involved in this "workforce adjustment" and this would be effective from yesterday.
"This act is regrettably necessary but. unavoidable after we have had to adjust the
work hours and shifts to the maximum extent possible within the context of operating
a motor plant," Mr Ironside said. Officials of the National Automobile and Allied
Workers' Union (NAAWU) could not be contacted for comment. NAAWU has been involved
in a lengthy wage dispute with GM, Ford and Volkwagen since July.--Sapa. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 p 12]

CIRCULATION INCREASES--Just see how we've grown. When the SOWETAN was launched at
the beginning of February last year, our circulation was just average. In the first
five months, we reached a figure of 65,147. But for the peiood July to December,

we shot up to 72,681, a growth of more than 7,000. But that was not all. For the
period January 1982 to June, we showed a further growth, and our ABC figure for this
period was 89,012. And we are still growing. So join the set that reads the biggest
black daily newspaper. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Oct 82 p 1]

BREAD PRICES--The Opposition's chief spokesman on consumer affairs, Mr Harry Schwarz,
yesterday dismissed as "meaningless" a statement that Black workers were, in real
terms, paying less for bread than 22 years ago. Referring to the statement by the
chairman of the Consumer Council, Professor Leon Weyers, that Black factory workers
now had to work for a far shorter period to buy a loaf of bread, Mr Schwarz said an
argument with such limited validity was meaningless as far as the major problem of
cost of living was concerned. He said he was "absolutely amazed" that the person
who was supposed to be the champion of the consumer was prepared to advance this
kind of statistical argument and to select a particular period for the comparison

of wages and bread prices. "People cannot eat statistics." "Professor Weyers ig-
nores, inter alia, the slowdown in wage increases during the major part of this year
and he ignores what has happened to the living and eating patterns of the Black
population." "Over the very period he mentioned more Blacks turned from maize pro-
ducts to bread as well as having other changes in their living patterns." "This
kind of statistical argument is of no value in the face of the reality of trying to
make ends meet with virtually every essential of life going up in price, not only
bread." "The job of the spokesman of the consumer is to champion the consumer
cause and not to excuse Government or Control Board actions." "It is true that
some wages have over the period gone up pro rata or by more than the increase in
the bread price, but on the other hand others have not, particularly the wages of
the unskilled in the rural areas." "The statistics are, of course, also meaningless
as far as the unemployed are concerned," Mr Schwarz said.—-Sapa. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Oct 82 p 10]

cso: 3400/34
50



RIPPLE EFFECT OF STEEL PRICE RISE REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Oct 82 p 4

[Article by’ Glenda Gaitz]

[Text]! THE increase in. the ' shock as we have been ex-
price of steel ‘an-. pecting it for a few

| nounced yesterday will months. :
have a ripple.effect'on “Although the price
consumers, rather than WeDtTM up yesterday, it

: day's Government Ga-
zel

- causing a straightfor-
ward steep increase in
the price of goods made
ofsteel.

; This is the opinion of

businessmen running
household appliance com-
panies, car dealers and
{ construction companies.
Mr Robbie. Williams,
managing director of Bar-
lows, said the 14,5.per-
cent increase in the steel
‘price would add. only
about R5 to the price of

the average stove or re- ©

frigerator.

“The problem lies with
steel itself going up. It
leads to many. other
things having their prices
put up and it all adds up,”
he said.

“The increase is not a,

won't be effective on our
appliances until next year
as we still have stock to
last until then.”

The 14,5 percent aver-
age increase will not ef-

‘fect tinplate, said Mr F P.

Kotzee, chairman of the
South African . Rolled
Steel Producers Cocordi-

‘nating Council.

He said the prices of in-
dividual products were

. being adjusted on.a dif-

ferentiated basis with in-

_ creases varying from eight
to 16,5 percent.
‘The cost of an average

three-bedroomed * house
could go up by R160 and
a medium-sized car.-by
R41, Mr Kotzee said.
Details of the new max-

‘imum. basic . prices - of

products subject to price
control appear in yester-

Pensions Going Up By 13 P.C. This Month

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

higher ‘steel price —, will

(Text ] | A WIDE range of price in-”
creases — _includi '
threatened” increases in , be softened to a slight ex-

48

steel products because of a

é.

Sapa reports that the

price of tinplate was ad-
justéd in April this year,
when ‘it was decided that
‘price’ adjustments would
in future be made in April
each year.
- This date would better
suit the seasonal needs of
the canning industry, the
dargest consumer of tin-
plate containers.

‘Mr Kotzee said the av-
‘erage’ real cost increases
to the industry amounted
to about three to four per-
centage points’ above the
‘general inflation rate: » =
» “The statutory price in-
créase of 14,5 percent is
therefore insufficient for

“sustained profitability and

growth ‘and ‘most ‘steel
manufacturers expect ma-
jor losses in the next year

° or, two, particularly as a

tesult of the poor econ-

| omicsituation.

“In the light of the se-

tent at least for pensioners

by higher pensions.

SOUTH AFRICA

“rious inflation problem

faced by the country,
however, the industry is i
prepared, as in the past, |
to absorb “part of these

-cost increases itself, com-

pensating for it by en-
deavouring to further in-
crease productivity and -
efficiency. . .

“The controlled steel
prices for producers and
the trade represent maxi-
mum prices. . However,
the present-stocks of steel
products in the country
are at particularly high le-
vels in the midst of a
sharp decline in domestic
consumption. |

“At the same time,
short-term interest rates
remain high. These par-
ticular market conditions
give rise to keen compe-
tition among merchants,
which is expected to con-
tinue for some time and
will undoubtedly benefit

"the end user.”

It was confirmed in Pre-

Ea yesterday that White,

pensions will be. increased



ZATRE

BRIEFS

BORDER DISPUTES WITH ZAMBIA--Zairean soldiers have occupied a village 10 miles in-
side Zambia in the latest of a series of territorial disputes between the two coun-
tries, the official Zambia News Agency recently reported. It quoted a Zambian offi-
cial as saying the Zairean flag had been flying over the village, close to the
frontier between Zambia's Luapula and Zaire's Shaba provinces, for nearly two weeks.
An emergency session of the Zambia-Zaire joint permanent commission were due to be
held in south-eastern Zaire to discuss the issue. Zambian President Kenneth Kuanda
met President Mobutu Sese Seko last month to try to solve disputes arising out of
the ill-defined border, which cuts through traditional tribal territories. Zaire
has claimed a wedge of land up to 8 miles deep in Zambia's northern province and there
were minor clashes between Zambian and Zairean soldiers earlier this year on the
frontier separating the main copper-producing regions of the two countries. [Text]
{London WEST AFRICA in English No 3399, 27 Sep 82 p 2529]

cso: 3400/29

Sh



FORMER ZIMCO MANAGER CLAIMS INEFFICIENCY RAMPANT IN STATE-RUN FIRMS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82 p 5

[Excerpts] / INEFFICIENCY is ramp:
}. buted to the poor economic performance,
| ager of Zimco Proprties

|
i

‘Mr Katilungu said inefficiency ©

in parastatal companies
bred unproductivity which
in turn would undermine the
country’s economy.

Unless Zambia achieved maxi-
mum efficiency in her
industrics," the country
would not benefit from the
Preferential Trade Area
(PTA) which groups many
countries in East and South-
ern Africa.

Mr Katilungu was speaking
during a farewell reception
held for him at a Lusaka
hotel at the weekend and
was attended by business-
men and chairman of.
Zimco Properties Mr_Igna-
tius Muchangwe, who is
valso director for. corporate
planning.

Mr Katilungu noted that some
workers took their jobs for
granted and were indiffer-
ent in their approach to
work.

cso: 3400/30

| “We must get away from this
attitude as we have a lot of
responsibilities. If the coun-
try’s productivity is low, we
cannot compete in the world
{ economy.” .
If we are going to benefit from
“the PTA we better pull up
our socks. The PTA is a
good idea but it can work
against us because of our
inefficiency.” '

Mr’ Katilungu said if trade
barriers were _ removed
among PTA member coun-

tries, Zambia would be in
trouble because goods from
neighbouring countries like
Zimbabwe and Malawi
would be able to compete
freely with Zambian goods.

58

ant in State-run firms and this has contri-
former general man-
Mr Simon Katilungu has said.

ZAMBIA



Facilities must be’ sited
where they will best serve
the population and sport
and recreation must be
synchronised with plans
for- industrial and com-
mercial regionial develop-
ment, the reporter says.

Whites, the second-
largest single population
group, have the lowest
growth rate, and are rap-

cso: 3400/31

idly approaching zero
population growth.

Asiaris are fast ap-
proaching the demogra-
phic profile of the Whites,
but Coloured population
growth is still relatively
high.

‘The Blacks’ natural in-
crease is still high and,
more important, 43 per-
cent are under the age of

15, which means that pro- |

» vision for their future

sport and recreation will
bea major task.

Forecasts are that while
South Africa’s total popu-
lation in 1980 was 19,6-

million it will have grown

to 30,4-million by the |
year 2 000.

6

While the other three
population groups will in-
crease by about 15 per-
cent all round, Blacks will
jump from the 1980 figure
of 19,6-million up to 30,4-

million by the year2 000. |



government has been seen year after year (increasing from 40,893 in 1975 to
49,605 in 1981), as well as in the manufacturing sector (22,519 in 1975 and
37,100 in 1981), the trend has been downward in the construction sector, from
9,776 jobs in 1978 to 6,025 in 1981. This is a phenomenon characteristic of

the

economic recession affecting the island of Mauritius.

In 1981, there were 258 primary school institutions, with the number of students
totaling 130,145. Of these, 99,762 attended government schools and 27,680
attended church-sponsored schools.

The
The

The
and
for
and
was

number of primary schools on Rodrigues was 10, with 5,317 children enrolled.
teacher-student ratio was 20 to 1 for Mauritius and 28 to 1 for Rodriguez.

number of institutions in the seondary sector totaled 147 for Mauritius
2 for Rodriguez in 1981. The number of students enrolled totaled 11,311
the government institutions, 21,749 for the category A secondary schools
45,214 for the category B secondary schools. The student-teacher ratio
25 to 1 for the island of Mauritius and 35 to 1 for Rodrigues.

5157

cso:

4719/1355

18



«dealt specifically with the
restablishment of  legis-
Flative assemblies and
’.their areas of jurisdiction,
ithe powers conferred on
‘the State President by
«Section 25 (1) had to be
{taken to have been im-
‘plicitly reduced or repeal-
‘ed by provisions of the
1971 Act relating to such
matters as the amend-
ment of the area of a self-
governing territory.
‘The South African gov-
: ernment.and the Minister
; contended that the pro-
visions of the 1927 Act

had not been expressty
amended in any way, the
court noted.

. Mr — Justice Rabie
upheld the kwaZulu Gov-
ernment and Mr Ngu-
bane’s submission.

Inconsistent

He said it was clear the
State President’s powers
under the 1927 Act, if-un-
limited as contended by
the appellants, were in-
consistent with those
given to him in the 1971
Act.

amendment of the consti-
tution of a legislative as-
sembly or of the area for
which an assembly ‘had
been established.

Mr Justice’ Rabie said
the: powers given to-the
State President in the
1927 Act were not con-
sistent with those given
him by the 1971 Act inso-
far as they had a bearing
on the point at issue —the
amendment of the area of
the self-governing territo-
ry of kwaZulu —and the
provisions of the two Acts
could not be construed in

*such a way as to remove
the inconsistency.

He therefore found
that the State President
had acted beyond his
powers when he issued
proclamation R121 of
1982 (in terms of the 1927
Act).

The court declared the
proclamation null and
void.

Secondissue
‘The second issue in the
appeal was whether the
kwaZulu _—_ Government

Mr Justice Rabldtapaidy j Was entitled to bring legal

that on reading the pro-
visions of the two acts to-
* gether, it was impossible
to place such a construc-
tion on them as would re-
move the inconsistency.
When Parliament pass-
ed the 1971 Act it did so
to make provision for
what was a more ad-
vanced stage in the evol-
»ution of a policy aimed at
political and constitution-
al development of Black
areas.

Consultation

It was readily under-
standable that Parliament
should have considered
consultation as provided
for in the 1971 Act
necessary whenever the
“State President consider-
ed the issue of a procla-
mation concerning such
important matters as the

“proceedings against the
South African Govern-
ment or one of its Minis-
_ters.

The judge said the ap-
pellants’ objection to the
proceedings was based on
the grounds that the kwa-
Zulu Government was an
organ of the State and

“could not in law institute

»proceedings against the
appellants, who were also
organs of the State.

It had been submitted
for the appellants that al-
though kwaZulu had
been declared a self-gov-

_eming territory and was
permitted a measure of
| freedom of action, par-
ticularly in the legislative
field, it had nevertheless
not become an entity en-
tirely severed from the
State.

Agreed
: Mr . Justice Rabie
agreed with the approach
adopted by the Natal
court.

He said: “Even if it is
true’ that: kwaZulu is not

:Jan entity completely sev-
“ered from the State, the

: contention that it was not
entitled to institute pro-
ceedings against the ap-
pellants should neverthe-
Jess not be upheld.”

He accepted as a gener-
al principle of South Afri-
can law that one organ of
the State could: not sue
another and that the pro-

{ visions of the 1971 Act

| showed kwaZulu was not

* an entity completely sev-
ered from the State.

“However, we should

- hold that there is a suffi-

cient separation in identi-

ty between the kwaZulu ,

Government . . . and the
appellants .. . to entitle

the kwaZulu Government +

in the circumstances of
this casé to approach the
court for relief.”

Advanced stage
He said self-govern-
ment, as recognised in the
1971 Act, represented an
advanced stage in the pol-
itical and constitutional
developments of Black
areas in South Africa.
The position of kwaZu-
“lu vis-a-vis the SA Gov-
ernment was a somewhat
special or unusual one,
not paralleled by any situ-
ation in issue in any cases
decided in South Africa
‘and elsewhere to which
the court had been refer-
redin argument. :
“It is clear that while it
(the kwaZulu Govern-
ment) is not an -entity
completely severed from
the State, it is also not a
mere instrument or rep-
resentative of the State in
its government of kwaZu-
‘-Iu,” Mr Justice Rabie
said.

36

“As Mr Justice J J
» Kriek pointed out in some
detail. in his review of.
what he termed ‘the sig-
nificant features’ of the
1971 Act, Parliament has
in certain respects per-
mitted it to act indepen-
dently of the State.

Own flag

“Tt is clear, too, that a
‘self-governing _ territory
such-as kwaZulu is recog-

© nised by Parliament as a
territory which is entitled
to itsown flag and own
national anthem and also
as a territory which can

conchide - conventions, °
‘treaties and agreements
, with the South African

Government.”
| Those were features
which indicated Parlia-
ment did not regard a
self-governing — territory
| created in terms of the
; 1971 Act as a mere instru-
| ment or representative of
the State.

\The judge said Section
; 1(2) of the 1971 Act, read
with Section 29, showed
., the State President could
amend the area of a self-
governing territory only
after consultation by the
Minister of Co-operation
and Development with
the Cabinet of the Terri-
: tory. -

Section 2 (3) required

| Prior consultation with

the Legislative Assembly

when it was intended to

alter the assembly’s con-
stitution.

Indepenent

These provisions indi-
cated that parliament re-
garded those bodies as
sufficiently independent
or representative of a ter-
aitory’s citizens to be en-
titled to be consulted.

Mr Justice Rabie found
it difficult to accept that it
was Parliament’s inten-

‘tion that a self-governing
' territory should not have



UGANDA

ZAIRE

ZAMBIA

Court Overturns Government Decision To Excise Ingwavuma
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 82) cssscsecsccsscccccscrceeeecseeees

Ackerman Plans To Launch Consumer Party
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 82) ccsecsecsscecceccncenceeceeceeres

Sendingkerk Synod Opts To Join SACC
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 82) ccsissccccsccccceccsesececcaeees

Dr Boesak Accused of Politicizing Religion
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 2 Oct 82) ..ssssesceeeeseeeceece

Transvaal Teachers Criticize Education Minister
(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 82) ..sssssseeseseeeeees

Separate Culture and Sport, Says HSRC
(Derek Amoore; THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 82) .sscsceeceseseeeees

Mediation of Labor Disputes Examined
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 82) .ecsesccececcsecccsceccecescerees

Ripple Effect of Steel Price Rise Reported
(Glenda Gaitz; THE CITIZEN, 2 Oct 82) ...

Briefs
GM Lays Off Workers
Circulation Increases
Bread Prices

Briefs
Captured Rebels Paraded
Arms Cache Found

Bribe Allegations Reportedly Shock Belgium
(AFRICA AFP, 28 Sep 82) ...

Briefs
Border Disputes With Zambia

Government Plans To Set Up New Manpower Ministry
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 25 Sep 82) wcccssccceeceeeccesscesccees

Opposition To Probe of Archbishop Milingo Noted in Rome
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, various dates) ...ssseseeesceeceeeeeees

Position of Kabwe Catholics
Anglican Church Official's Statement

-e-

35

39

40

4l

43

45

47

48

50

50

51
51

52

54

55

56


SIERRE LEONE

BRIEFS

EXAM SCANDAL--About nine thousand students who sat the GCE examinations of the West
African Exams Council in May and June this year, are sitting at home biting their
finger nails waiting to hear whether’ they will have to sit the exams again. Accord-
ing to reports soon after the close of the exams it was discovered that there had
been a leakage of the questions in several papers, and the West African Exams Coun-
cil set up an investigating committee which recently presented its finding to the
Council. Although not yet made public, it is reliably believed that the investi-
gating committee found out that the question papers were leaked all over the coun-
try, and that.some candidates saw the question papers at least two weeks before the
date of the examinations. The Committee singled out two schools, the Annie Walsh
Memorial school, the oldest girls school in the country, and the Ahmadiyya second-
ary school, one of the recently established schools, as topping the list of schools
where the papers were leaked. Ironically these two schools have for the past few
years also topped the list for the number of passes in the GCE exams. The committee
allegedly found that over 200 candidates saw the papers beforehand. The fourth

and six formers who were found to have had fore knowledge of the questions have
been recommended by the committee to be banned from public examinations for two years.
Non-candidates involved in the leaking of the papers are also being recommended for
punishment. A Principal and a Senior Teacher in a school in the Southern Province,
who are accused of leaking most of the papers, have been recommended for dismissal
from the teaching profession and legal action taken against them. Six other teach-
ers involved are to be disciplined. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Sep
82 p 2531]

NEW HELICOPTERS--The Government has decided to purchase two helicopters from the
French company, SNIAS, for use by President Stevens. Already approval has been

given by the Ministry of Finance for the purchase at the sum of 16.5m. French francs.
According to government sources, the reason for the purchase of the two helicopters
is that the present one is now too old for service and spare parts are becoming

very hard to obtain, Asked why two and not one helicopter, a spokesman at State
House said the second one is needed as "a backup in case the first one is out of
service for one reason or other." [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Sep 82

p 2533]

29



MALAWI

TRANSPORT DETOURS FOR TOBACCO CROP DESCRIBED
Harare FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 17 Sep 82 p 1

[Text] Reduced traffic on Mocambique's northern railway network is forcing Malawi
to re-route much of its tobacco exports by road to reach South African ports. But,
due to dissident activity within the Tete pedicle, the trucks are having to travel
via Zambia and Botswana, and Zimbabwe, to reach the sea.

The increased road traffic is causing a serious deterioration of roads in Zambia
and Botswana, and the Zimbabwe Government is allowing only local trucking companies
to travel on the route through this country to conserve our roads and petrol.

The problem for Malawi has arisen because of the deteriorating state of Mocambique's
northern rail system, which connects Malawi with the port of Nacala. It is said
that trains are travelling at no more than 10 kilometres an hour on parts of this
route.

The has caused massive backlogs of Malawi's tobacco exports, which are now being
transported by road by two overland routes.

One is from Malawi, via Chipata, Lusaka, Kasami, and Francistown, to Zeerustin South
Africa. The heavy traffic is causing a rapid deterioration of the roads, particul-
arly the gravel roads, in Zambia and Botswana.

The second route is through Zambia, via Chirundu and Beitbridge, to Messina, where
the exports are loaded on to South African Railway trucks for Durban.

To protect its roads, the Zimbabwe Government is understood to have prohibited all
but Zimbabwe transport companies to travel on the route to Messina. Foreign truck-
ers are negotiating with the Government to lift the embargo.

The shorter route from Malawi to Messina, via the Tete pedicle, is being used by

only one Zimbabwean transport company, as the dissidents allied to the Mocambique
resistance movement have destroyed trucks and seriously injured one driver.

The estimated cost of trucking the Malawi exports is 18 million kwachas a year.

15



The mid-August deadline for completion
was always unlikely, but the Kotoko
Group, the Maiduguri construction firm
doing the work/ were confident that com-
pletion would only be two or three weeks
late.

The President recently clarified the
situation: the movement to Abuja would
definitely start in September as scheduled,
and would continue for several years.
There is as yet no announcement as to
when Abuja will be officially designated as
the Federation’s capital, but it seems un-
likely that it will be before 1984/85 at the
earliest. Meanwhile President Shagari has
announced that for the meantime he “will
be in both Lagos and Abuja”.

Abuja is currently still a massive, muddy
building site. Contractors’ signs form a
kaleidoscope of colours and patterns at
every corner. All the world appears to be
represented; apart from Nigerian firms and
the inevitable Julius Berger, there is Sisk of
Ireland, SAE and Dumez of France, the

British Taylor Woodrow, Cappa of Italy,
Bredero of Holland, Caro of West Ger-
many ..-. the list goes on. And even
though it is the less visible infrastructural
work that must come first, Abuja takes
shape more visibly by the day. Out of the
183km of roads contracted, over 100Kim are
ready — vast ring roads, expressways
linking the central district, the accelerated
district and the ring roads, and access roads
to the housing areas. There are still gaps,
some of which make the roads presently
unusable, but bridges are being built, gaps
being filled, even in the face of the
hindrance of the rainy season.

The Jabi Dam is ready, and can supply
treated water for up to 100,000 people; the
Lower Usman Dam will be in partial
service early next year. NEPA’s sub-

station at Garki is finished, and high-
tension lines joining it with ‘the Shirorc
Hydro-Electric Station in neighbouring Ni-
ger State are complete. The new Abuja
Airport’s physical facilities and runway are
also built, though the start of commercial
services must await the installation of the
remaining technical equipment.

Apart from these, the most obvious
construction taking place is housing. Large
numbers of senior staff bungalows and
flats, including those for the Presidential
Staff, are near enough ready — the official
figure is that accommodation for 22,000
should be ready for the kick-off date, with

cso: 3400/14

lots more to follow soon afterwards. The
physical evidence suggests that this is
reasonably accurate. How quickly the
essential services can be connected to this
housing, and the junior staff quarters that
are already built, we will see. But there is a
good deal of optimism around.

Though ‘temporary accommodation’ is
being made ready for the half dozen key
ministries due to begin moving in in the
next few months, the construction of the
actual ministry buildings on the central

* administrative site has not yet begun. The

imposing Aso Hill, which dramatically
overlooks the site of the administrative and
legislative buildings and provides a perfect
focus for the new city, today still overlooks
nothing more than a stretch of dense bush.
Aconference centre and four accommoda-
tion blocks are being built elsewhere
however, and these are to be used by the
National Assembly members until the as-
yet-unstarted permanent buildings are
ready. Accommodation will also be avail-
able in the Abuja Sheraton and Hyatt
Hotels, both now nearing completion.
Abuja will only genuinely take off as a
living city when the government moves in.
Until then the prophets of doom will be
able to point at the falseness of the place,
and will no doubt continue to predict a
flop. But government presence, and the
presence of the people it brings with it,
promotes private enterprise, and Nigeria is
not a country where such opportunities are
left untapped for long. ‘Abuja politics’ are
a cause for some concern to those whose
destinies are tied up in the success of the
project. For there are both deeply con-
cerned as well as merely mischievous calls
for the abandonment of the project even at
this late stage. But for those who have
visited Abuja recently, or who are ge-
nuinely close to the project, such a course
of action seems both unrealistic and unlike-
ly. Even in the theoretically possible event
of a change in government after the 1983
Election, the most that could sensibly
happen would be a drastic slowing down of
the whole operation. But how easy would
it be to slow down a development that
already has such a long time-span built into
it? The population is not due to reach its
1.6m. total until after the turn of the

“century. Meanwhile this potentially attrac-

tive city of hills and valleys, business and
administration, hopes and promises, is
rising more dramatically than most people
realise from the mud of the earth. There
can be no mistake about it — Abuja is
definitely happening!

21



MAURITIUS

POPULATION FIGURES FOR 1981 PUBLISHED

Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 12 Aug 82 p 5

[Text] As of 31 December 1981, the population of Mauritius was 983,692 (the
inhabitants of Rodrigues and the other islands are included in this figure).
The population breakdown was as follows: 481,608 men and 502,084 women, with
a density of 482 persons per square kilometer. The largest number of inhabi-
tants on the island of Mauritius is located in Plaines Wilhems. Port-Louis
is the second most heavily populated district.

The district distribution of the population was as follows: Plaines Wilhems--
292,206, Port Louis--148,389, Pamplemousses--81,151, Riviere-du-Rempart--79,749,
Flacq--106,976, Grand Port--93, 178, Savanne--60,936, Moka--56,239, and Riviere
Noire--31,541. These figures are contained in the BI-ANNUAL DIGEST OF STATIS-
TICS--December 1981, which has just been published.

Of the population total, 33.2 percent were under 15 years of age (as of
30 June 1981), while 40.7 percent were under 18, 47.8 percent under 21, and
59.3 percent were over 18, 52.2 percent over 21, and 6.8 percent over 60.

In 1981, there were 23,670 births and 6,404 deaths. There were also 8,169
civil marriages reported during that year. Where infant mortality was con-
cerned, the number of deaths in the first year of life was down 795 from the
previous year's figure.

In the job sector, it should be noted that there were 56,905 persons employed
in agriculture, including 50,054 in the sugar industry,* 4,611 in the tea in-
dustry, and 1,253 in the tobacco industry as of September 1981. The 1981 figure
shows a drop from that for 1980, which was 38,042 [sic]. In fact, the number
of jobs has steadily declined since 1977, when the figure was 65,297.

Moreover, as of the same date, there were 49,605 government jobs and 37,100
in the manufacturing sector. While in increase in the number of jobs in

*The number of industries classified as food manufacturing industries, including
sugar and tea, came to 158, and the number of those in the textile sector came
to 112. There were 66 enterprises in the metallurgical sector, 45 in the chemi-
cal products sector, 47 in the paper products sector, 26 in the wood industry
sector, 18 in the tanning sector, and 11] in the alcoholic beverages production
sector. In all, 558 enterprises were counted.

17



FOREIGN EXCHANGE PRIORITY--In view of the pr-sent foreign exchange situation in the
country Government has issued an approved list of priority items in three categories
for the current import programme. Top priority has been given in list "A" which in-
clude importation of crude oil, by Government only, rice, drugs and essential food,
sugar, milk, tea, edible oils, flour, commercial vehicles, printing paper, agricul-
tural chemicals and spare parts for vehicles. Beer and stout are on the list for
three months only, and thereafter they are relegated to list "c", On list "B" are
coffee, potatoes, toilet soap and detergents, jams and marmalades, blankets and
towels, outer garments, electrical domestic appliances such as freezers and refrig-
erators, textiles and radios. Among goods banned for the next months on list "C"
are salad dressings and mayonnaise, breakfast cereals, electric irons, bacons, fresh
cream, carpets and rugs, pocket and wrist watches, plastic postcards and greeting
cards, cars, television sets, video recording machines, gambling machines, cigarettes
and steel tanks. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Sep 82 p 2532]

PETROL SHORTAGE--After several weeks of silence by the authorities and long queues
at petrol stations, Government has at last issued a statement about the petrol and
kerosene situation in the country. A release from State House said that many “un-
scrupulous retailers" had increased the price of petrol and kerosene, taking advan-
tage of the temporary shortage. The release reminded the public that the price of
petrol is Le3.40 per gallon and Lel.95 for kerosene. The release warned that any-
one caught inflating prices of both these commodities will be dealt with by the law.
According to the Deputy General Manager of the Sierra Leone Petroleum Refining Com-
pany, Mr. A. B. Koroma, the shortage are a result of an acute shortage of foreign
exchange. But every effort, he said, was being made by government to get their
suppliers to resume shipment to Sierra Leone. The shortages have eased up at pre-
sent, although there are rumours that motorists are in for a price hike shortly.
[Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Sep 82 p 2532]

cso: 3400/33

30



GUINEA

NATURE OF FRENCH-GUINEAN RAPPROCHEMENT DESCRIBED

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3399, 27.Sep 82 p 2473

[Article by Eddie Momoh]
[Text]

WEST AFRICA's once enfant terrible, Guinea's President
Ahmed Sékou Touré, returned last week to Paris, the capital
where he once sat as an MP, to try to put final patches to the
years of troublesome Guinea-France relations. The five days’
visit which was originally to have been made in 1979, one year
after former President Giscard d’Estaing had visited Conakry
and twice postponed in June last year, is seen as being essentially
political, alihough M. Touré held two meetings with industry
representatives. The Socialist government decision to press
ahead wzii the visit also reflects the growing role in Africa,
being suught by Guinea, which is due to host next year’s OAU
Summit, and the non-aligned summit, a year after.

In Paris, Touré had two days of talks with President
Mitterrand, Co-operation and Development Minister, Jean-
Pierre Cot and dinner hosted in his honour by Foreign Minister
Claude Cheysson. As the talks, which were mainly political and
aimed at reconciling both countries, dragged on, Guinea exiles
paraded in the street outside calling on the government
to call off the visit. The Organisation of :
United Guineans (OUG) led by the histo-
rian Abrghima Kake, the Popular Union of
Guinea (UPG) and the Regrouping of
Guinea Exiles (RGE) led by the journalist
Siriadou Diallo also led protest marches on
the Hotel Mariguey, the residence where
the French Presidency houses its guests
blasting what they said were serious viola-
tions of human rights in Guinéa. Although
French political sources have said that
Touré’s visit was a necessary part of French
foreign policy, it has at the same time
enormously embarrassed the ruling social-
ist party, some of whose leading members
had refused to have anything to do with the
visiting Guinean leader.

12

If anything, many seemed not to have
forgiven Touré for his violent verbal
attacks on’ the socialist party describing it
as a “party of rottenness” and M. Mitter-
rand as.a “new Hitler’, after Guinea’s
human rights record had been denounced
at a Socialist Conference five years ago.
Touré had also lashed out at the socialists
when one of their members wrote a critical
book focusing on Guinea’s political sys-
tem, Touré’s dictztorship and calling on
the Conakry authorities to release names
and figures of people who had been jailed
or executed.

But the rapprochement between Paris
and the black sheep of its African ex-
colonies last week has been aimed at let
bygones be bygones. True, since Touré
thundered at the late President Charles de
Gaulle in 1958 resulting in the mass exodus
of French technicians and experts, the
Conakry-Parit ~clationship has often been
bitter and recriminating. The kind of dark-
ness which Guinea has known since the
departure of the French, is the usual
recurrent allegations of plots to overthrow
the government, the many show-trials,
imprisonments and excutions of dissidents
and suspects as well as Guinea’s virtual
isolation from the outside world which
often amounted to xenophobia. In each
plot, Guinea had repeatedly accused Paris
of complicity. In 1965 there was the
“teachers’ plot” in which Touré accused
Paris and Moscow and expelled the Soviet



OPPOSITION TO PROBE OF ARCHBISHOP MILINGO NOTED IN ROME

Position of Kabwe Catholics

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82 p 1

[Text]

MEMBERS of the Catholic
Church in Kabwe have
demanded the immediate
return of Archbishop Em-
manuel Milingo to the.
Lusaka archdiocese.

And secretary of the Lay

* Apostolate for the Kabwe/

» Lusaka archdiocese, Mr Peter

Mutafungwa, has charged that
Zambian bishops and other
senior leaders of the church
had been sending negative
reports to the Vatican which
resulted in the ‘‘detention”’ of
the prelate because of jeal-
ousies over his ability to lead

the people. _ —
Mr Mutatungwa said in a
statement issued in Kabwe

yesterday the Milingo crisis lay
squarely on the shoulders of
the Pope’s répresentative in
Zambia, Archbishop George
Zur, bishops in the country
and a few priests in the Lusaka
archdiocese.

From the meetings Mr Mu-
tafungwa had been_ holding
with Archbishop Zur, the
apos‘+lic administrator; Arch-
bishop Elias Mutale and other
senior leaders of the church,
“it has been evidenced that our
people have been seriding nega-
tive reports to Rome.’’

Mr Mutafungwa hoped this
thatter would be settled soon to |
restore the faith of his mem- j
bers in the Lusaka archdiocese. |

{
'

“Zambian bishops ‘must
fight to bring back Archbishop
Milingo because this problem
has brought shame to the
Catholic Church. No one is
happy about it.””

In another memorandum, ;

ZAMBIA

‘The archbishop was capable
of reaching the hearts of many
people at home and. abroad
and when he was appointed

‘head of the Lusaka arch-

diocese, most white priests and
fellow bishops in the country
did not like it.

" Kabwe Catholics attacked |

Father Richard Crimins at the’
Catholic secretariat for calling
the Milingo affair personal and

) delicate.

“Milingo’s case is not

| personal and delicate as he

Father (Crimins) put it Father
Crimins is in fact instrumental

_ in the plight of our arch-

bishop and he cannot den;

> this,” they said. '

» ing this confusion

Bishops

The Kabwe Catholics said
they were not surprised that
even fellow bishops in Zambia
had taken part in “‘crucifying
Milingo. We know them and
they will soon regret for caus-
in the
church.””

The Zambian bishops were
jealous of Archbishop Milingo
because of his God-given gift
of healing the sick.

“fArchbishop Milingo is an
artist in many areas. He is even
:, more educated than many of
_ them.”

56



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

MRU TRADE BOOM--The Mano River Union Secretariat has released figures which show
that there has been a significant increase in recorded trade under the Union's Intra-
Union trade agreement. Since the agreement was signed in May 1981, trade amounting
to well over one million dollars was recorded between Sierra Leone and Liberia, twice
as much as was recorded the previous year. Sierra Leone which recorded a 100 per
cent increase in their export to Liberia include the National Confectionary Company
(NATCO) which exported biscuits and sweets, the Sierra Leone Oxygen Factory (SLOF)
dealing in industrial gas, the Chanrai Chemicals, the Bata Shoe Company, and the
Aureol Tobacco Company, exporting cigarettes and tobacco. [Text] [London WEST
AFRICA in English 27 Sep 82 p 2532]

cso: 3400/33



CONTROVERSIAL NEWSPAPER ACT BECOMES LAW

London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Sep 82 pp 2531, 2472

[Text] The controversial Newspaper
Act 1980, which was piloted
through Parliament by the former
Minister of Information and
Broadcasting, Thaimu Bangurah,
has received Presidential assent
and become law. The Bill was
aimed at regulating the reg-
istration of newspapers and estab-
lishing a Newspaper Advisory
Committee of nine members.

Observers see the passing of the
Bill into law at this time as a way
of putting out of business once and
for all several of the newspapers
that have sprung up in the country
in recent months. Papers such as
The Oracle, Globe, Sabanoh,
Watch and the Voice, have been
very vocal in their condemnation
and exposure of corruption and
nepotism in government, and

have repeatedly called for a
change in the leadership in Sierra
Leone. These newspapers live a
hand to mouth existence, and it is
doubtful whether their editors will
be able to meet the acceptable
educational qualification or be
able to provide the Le2,000 neces-
sary for registration contained in
the new law. It is believed that
now that the Bill has become law,
only six newspapers will be pub-
lished in the country.

These ‘are the Daily Mail,
owned by the Government. We-

yone, owned by the ruling ‘All
Peoples Congress party, Flash,
independent, Progress, a weekly
sports newspaper, Sports Star,
another sports newspaper, and
Geeta published by the Ahmadiy-
ya Mission in Sierra Leone.

Sierra Leone Resurrects A Mistake

WHEN Sierra Leone’s Newspaper
Amendment Bill completed its passage
through the Freetown Pariiament early
in 1980 — it had been much debated
outside the House as «vi, and indeed
amended slightly with it — West Africa
then (January 21, 1980) described it as
“objectionable” and said tia it hardly
seemed to be a recipe to produce that
“vibrant journalism” which the then Minis-
ter of Information, Mr. Thaimu Bangura
claimed as the real. object of the Bill.

The requirement that owners should pay
a registration fee of 2,000 leone for an
initial licence to publish a newspaper and
have to renew it annually, for another
Le1,000, with the Minister being able to
refuse or withdraw the licence virtually at

his ministerial whim, smacked too much.of
de facto censorship: at the time that the
Bill had first been presented to Parliament,
in the previous November, the Govern-
ment had just halted the performance of a
play and was talking of introducing a film
censorship Bill, so that the interpretation
of the Newspaper Amendment Bill as a
measure of slightly disguised censorship
seemed almost unavoidable. .
It was believed that the Bill was aimed at

certain newspapers which were embarras-
sing the Government with the news and
features that they were printing, in particu-
lar it was thought that The Tablet was the
main target. Then, to the surprise and
pleasure of many people the Bill was not
signed into law by President Stevens but

27

SIERRA LEONE



But the meeting blamed Zambian importers for not presenting in time necessary docu-
ments. Some of the documents seem to have been lost by the Zambian importers. Act-
ing general manager of the National Shipping Line (Nasaco), D.A. Mwaikambo said after
the meeting arrangement had been worked out to ease congestion at the port by moving
Zambian goods without the necessary documents. But he did not specify how custom
duties and excise would be paid in the absence of supporting documents on the value
of the goods. [Text] [Brown Lenga] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82

Pp 2]

LONDON BANK ON ECONOMY--The Standard Bank in London has said that it was important
for Zambia to raise both short and long term foreign loan facilities. The Bank's
monthly review pointed out that although assistance was given earlier this year by
some Arab countries, "the amounts involved fell short of Zambia's total foreign ex-
change requirements". The review noted that the Zambian Government was about to re-
open discussions with the International Monetary Fund. The aim was to facilitate
the drawdown of loan facilities to meet foreign exchange needs. Talks were expected
to resume next month. "This will make a complete year since Zambia drew its second
installment of SDR's 180m from the 800m SDR extended agreement. The first 120m SDR's
having been drawn in June 1982", the review said. The facility was originally de-
signed to cover 1981-83 on the basis of SDR eppm in 1981 and 1982 and SDR 200m in
1983. During the year under review the council built and sold 70 houses and money
realised from the sale has enabled it to build 100 houses in Helen Kaunda suburb.
[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82 p 2]

DANISH LOAN AGREEMENT--Zambia and Denmark yesterday signed a K4.8 million loan agree-
ment for the rehabilitation and development of Chilanga Cement Factory, Cold Storage
Board and the Dairy Produce Board. The loan is interest-free and repayable after

25 years including a seven-year grace period. Minister of Finance Mr Kebby Muso-
kotwane signed for the Government while Denmark's ambassador to Zambia Mr Vigand
Lose signed for his country. The loan agreement opened a new chapter in the record
of development cooperation between the two countries. This brings the total Danish
aid to Zambia to K13.3 million since 1967. Rehabilitation and development activ-
ities which got off the ground under the June 1980 programme of Danish support for
Chilanga Cement, Cold Storage Board and Dairy Produce Board would receive substantial
support under the present loan facility. Mr Musokotwane said the present loan pro-
vided for K400,000 for procurring essential hospital equipment for the Ministry of
Health. Although the equipment and services would be obtained from Denmark, it was
hoped that all parties concerned would ensure that the principles of limited compe-
titive tenders and prevailing price verification procedures would be observed. In
reply Mr Lose said the signing of the third development loan to Zambia was a mani-
festation of the continued close and friendly relations between the two countries.
[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Sep 82 p 1]

cso: 3400/30 END

63



After peat in the order of national energy priorities comes oil. Exploration is
being actively carried on. And with the aid of the World Bank and the European
Investment Bank, the Dome Flore studies have been resumed. Thanks to these two
institutions and Petro-Canada International, the entire sedimentary basin, on-
shore and offshore, is being systematically and diligently explored for oil and
gas.

It remains to be desired, then, that PETROSEN [Senegal 0il Company] and the
Senegal Peat Company (CTS), which were conceived to ensure follow-up and coor-
dination, will become exploitation companies in the near future.

Hope is also permissible where lignite and hydroelectricity are concerned.
Studies have begun to confirm their presence for the first time, as well as
studies of the hydroelectric section for the Manantali Dam (800 GWH [probably
kWh = kilowatt hours].

Concrete Actions

The first campaign, launched in 1980, yielded good results, because consumption
was reduced by about 11 percent for a saving of 2 billion CFA francs.

The campaign being launched today will be marked by concrete actions toward
energy conservation on the part of the government. In particular it provides
for replacing electric.water heaters, which are large energy consumers, with
water heaters that operate with solar energy.

Because studies have confirmed that using them would be more economical. For
this reason they are to be in general use in living quarters.

For in addition to the fact that it provides the solution to innumerable prob-
lems, solar energy is a considerable scientific innovation that should be
adapted to our economic development needs.

What is the objective? To explore in depth all the possibilities offered by
the sun as soon as technology costs will permit. Along this line, the govern-
ment has promised to lend support to the efforts being deployed by the Indus-
trial Company for Solar Energy Application (SINAES).

Equipping 125 HLM [Low-Cost Housing Program]housing with solar water heaters is
part of this program. All facets of solar energy need to be revealed if those
who are still reluctant are to be convinced.

Where factories are concerned, the effort will be directed toward reducing the
consumption of electricity and fuel. A recent study showed interesting possi-
bilities for annual savings: 3,000 tons of fuel, 4,157 tons of 1560 fuel,
20,285 tons of 3500 fuel and 5,673,692 kWh of electricity. There are various
ways to reduce the consumption of very large units for a minimal investment.

Where firewood is concerned, the introduction of 500,000 Ban ak Suuf stoves
will lighten rural consumption.

'

2h,



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF ECOWAS EXAMINED, SOLUTIONS RECOMMENDED

London WEST AFRICA in English 27 Sep 82 pp 2479-81

[Article by:

[Text]

Julius 0. Ihonvbere]

THE SUBJECT of economic integration in
the Third World has become a boring one
in recent times. Not only for the limited
achievements of past efforts but also for
the fact that Third World countries appear
incapable of learning from their past ex-
periences. We have witnessed since the
1960s a lot of motion and activity, numer-
ous conferences, summits and declarations
but very limited achievement.

The reasons for this poor performance
go beyond the usual problems of political
instability, ideological differences, ethnic
and cultural diversity, jealousies, power
struggles and so forth. Rather, we must
seek the reasons in the continued alliance
between the dominant social classes in the
region and foreign capital, and the con-
tinued peripheralisation of the regional
economies in the international division of
labour. The net impact of these conditions,
is the inability of regional governments to
take control of their economies and create
self-sustained growth and development.

This is essentially because the economies
are still dominated by profit, and hege-
mony-seeking transnational corporations
that continue to prevent the development
of sectoral linkages and local initiative.

It is important to point out here that the
alliance between the internal dominant
classes and foreign capital is a very lucra-
tive one but the long term result is con-

tinued dependence and crisis. Thus, what
we have witnessed in the long history of
West African integration has been a con-
tinued attempt to create harmony between
the interets of the region and those of

foreign capital. In the attempt to find this

essentially reactionary compromise or har-
mony, Treaties have been totally silent on
the fate of existing and future foreign
investment in the region.

It is important therefore, to take a look
at the Economic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS) and point out
the major oversights in the Treaty, major
problems with the current direction of the
community and make suggestions that can
lead to changes. It should however be
pointed out that there is no reason to
expect the existing governments in the
region to see a need for change since the
regional elites are themselves in a very
lucrative alliance with foreign capital.

At the theoretical level, it is now obvious ~
to all students of integration in the Third
World that the classical theory of integra-
tion can only lead to asymetrical rela-
tionships and rationalise the participation
of foreign capital in the. integrated eco-
nomy. This is because, only foreign capital
is sufficiently integrated to take advantage
of the unrestricted movement of produc-
tion factors in a regional economy, struc-
tured to serve the needs of metropolitan

economies. It is in this light that we must
fault the ECOWAS Treaty for its silence
on existing and future foreign investments
in the region, while it creates conditions for
free mobility of production factors.

Article 30 of the 1975 Treaty hopes to
“harmonise industrial incentives” while
Article 52(d) hopes to employ the Fund for
Co-operation, Compensation and De-
velopment to “guarantee foreign invest-
ments”. Other than creating suitable con-
ditions for the exploitation of the econo-
mies which according to recent UN esti-



Former Zimco Manager Claims Inefficiency Rampant in
State-Run Firms
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 Sep 82) .csccccccccccecccescceeeeee

Performance of Parastatal Organizations '‘Lamentable'
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Sep 82) ..sssssccseeeeseeeeeeeeeees

ZCCM May Close Some Operations Temporarily
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 24 Sep 82) ..cccseccceccessceeseecsces

Expatriate Reportedly Paid 'Fortune' for Job
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 Sep 82) .ssscccccccccececeees seeeee

Briefs
CCZ Delegation's Return From USSR
New Cargo Route
Undocumented Goods in Dar es Salaam
London Bank on Economy
Danish Loan Agreement

58

59

60

61

62

62

63
63



cso:

Ambassador shortly after Brezhnev had
visited Conakry. Then in 1969 came the
year of the “Labe plot” in which 13 people
were sentenced to death and 27 others
imprisoned. This was followed in that same
year by an attempt on Touré’s life.

If Sékou Touré had felt vulnerable be-
fore 1958, it is true to say by 1970 after the
November 2 incident he became thereafter
almost paranoid in his retreat into himself
and became far more hardened against the
French and the West as a whole, whom he
suspected of wanting to overthrow his
government.

Surviving
suspicions

Nonetheless, with the victory of Giscard
at the Elysée and the departure of the old
Gaullists such as France’s long serving
trouble-shooter in Africa Jacques Foccart,
moves towards detente with Paris began in
earnest. However, the ceremony which
was to have been finally held to mark the
resumption of diplomatic relations be-
tween the two countries were cancelled at
the last moment due to what French
Officials regarded as Touré’s obduracy and
extremism. But some of the reasons for
this sudden change of heart bordered on
mutual suspicion for each other. Others
pointed to the 30 French nationals who
were imprisoned in Guinea. The French
government had made it a condition that
the 30 prisoners must be released before
the signing of the treaty normalising rela-
tions. Conakry on its part demanded the
repatriation of some 50 Guinean exiles
who lived in France.

In the end Guinea released 18 French
prisoners (some of whom had been jailed
since the invasion scare of 1970) and
France undertook to ban publication of the
Guinean exile bulletin, The Guinee —
Perspectives Nouvelles but rejected the
demand to extradite Guinean exiles back
home. With the final resumption of di-
plomatic relations, Giscard visited Con-

3400/37

13

akry in 1978 to see whether he could get
the Guide Supreme de Ja Révolution (as
Touré calls himself) once and for all into
the French orbit.

That was not an easy task but nonethe-
less the former French leader got Paris and
Conakry talking again more amicably
rather than the often acid slanderous
attacks on Guinea radio against France,
Senegal and the Ivory Coast. Touré even
promised to repay the visit the following
year but later had to put it off because he
was busy trying to build himself a new
image with his neighbours notably Senegal
and The Ivory Coast. Then last year when
the visit would have finally taken place,
Francois Mitterrand’s election surprisingly
placed unexpected obstacles in the path of
the visit, both sides not forgetting their
past bitter attacks on each other.

However, that the visit finally took place
this time can be credited more to Guinea’s
convincing diplomacy and its new found
international image rather than to the new
socialist government which if anything has
remained more divided and embarrassed
by the visit. Parisians have tended to link
the visit to the kind of .embairassing
friendship between former President Gis-
card d’Estaing and the deposed Central
African Republic dictator, Jean Bokassa.
Touré’s still is his own man and this visit to
Paris last week demonstrates that he can
still call the rules of the game much as he
likes.

On the economic front the visit has
assured French businessmen of their safety
and friendship in Guinea. Touré’s meet-
ings with industry representatives will no
doubt result in more French investments.
There are urgent projects to be undertaken
such as the lavish Cité de l’OUA with 50
villas to house African leaders at the 20th
OAU summit in Conakry next year, a new
Congress Centre and new hotels to be
built. Even Conakry is to get a facelift
for next year’s summit and no doubt Touré
would prefer the French on these projects
rather than the Yugoslavians and Russians
with whom he has very little to do these
days. .



The Community must give serious con-
sideration to the establishment of such an
institution. Perhaps it is important to point
out that the establishment of such an
institution has nothing to do with social-
ism, rather it can contribute to the de-

-velopment of capitalism through the

formation of inter-sectoral linkages and the
extraction of other benefits from trans-
national corporations. There is no reason
on the other hand to assume that such a
policy or scheme will scare off transnation-
al corporations. First, they might assume
that it would be possible to participate in
the economy and still get away with old
policies which contribute little or nothing
to national development. The success of

this view will depend on the commitment
of the regional states and the nature of the
re-definition of the alliance between the
power elites and foreign capital. In the
second place, the creation of a larger
market will aways be an attraction to
foreign capital while the scheme itself
would create several opportunities for pro-
fit making by both sides.

The current hybrid integrative scheme
which ECOWAS represents is a non-
starter, no matter what the leaders of the
region might say. Moreover, there is abso-
lutely no reason to expect the comprador
and petty-bourgeois elements that control:
the state structures to undertake such a
“radical” measure. Other than the fact that
this would demand some challenge to their
mentors, it would also force them to
undertake production and thus experience
the ups and downs of capitalism. This is
one thing the dominant classes want to
avoid at all costs. The desire to avoid this
demanding capitalist task and the risks
involved have created a situation where the
regional elites tour the world begging for
all kinds of investments from: all kinds of
investors, contracting out virtually every-
thing that can be contracted out, usually to
foreign firms, while they collect commis-
sions and complete silence on the parti-
cipation of foreign capital in the econo-
mies. Rather, this participation is rational-

cso: 3400/33

ised or “insured” through all. kinds of
frontierism, partnerships, shareholding,
jobs for indigenous elites in transnational
companies and state participation.

In a situation where information about
the market, technology, capital, high level
manpower and the lever to political stabil-
ity is owned or monopolised by foreign
capital, tlie net impact is the continued
peripheralisation of the regional econo-
mies and the drain of surpluses from the
region as a whole and thus, the perpetua-
tion of its underdevelopment. In the final
analysis, the question will be to what
extent can regional integration succeed in a
dependent regional economy dominated
by petty-bourgeois and comprador ele-
ments i.e. by a class that has little control
over the domestic economy. Until this
petty-bourgeois class transforms itself into
a dynamic bourgeois class, which is not
possible or it is overthrown by the national
bourgeoisie which is still very small and
weak, integration will continue to yield
minimal benefits for the regional econo-
mies and maximum benefits for foreign
capital. The ultimate alternative is to work
for a situation where the workers,
Peasants, students and progressive profes-
sionals in the regional economy take the
whole production and exchange Processes
in the various economies in their own
hands and pose an effective challenge to
imperialism. Until then, collective self-
reliance in West Africa will continue to
represent: a situation of collective neo-
colonialism. The Treaties will be hardly
worth more than the paper on which they
are written as far as meeting the basic
needs of the people, or Promoting growth
and development through regional integra-
tion are concerned.



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

CENSUS PLANNED--A census of the population and housing facilities will be taken
between mid-March and the month of July 1983 by the Bureau of Statistics.

A population and housing census is taken every 10 years. A census should have
been made between March and July of this year, but it was postponed because

of the general elections. The goals of the coming census are (1) to obtain
data on the characteristics of the buildings and the housing situation of the
people; and (2) to obtain data to establish the birth, death and population
growth rates. The census is also designed to provide basic socioeconomic and
demographic data needed for the planning of development and the making of
government decisions. [Text] [Port Louis LE NOUVEAU MILITANT in French 13 Aug
82 pp 1, 4) 5157

MULPOC MEETING--The sixth meeting of the Council of Ministers of the Multi-
national Programming Operational Center (MULPOC) for the east and south African
regions is to be held in Mauritius. The government made this decision on the
basis of a request submitted by the Economic Commission for Africa. The con-
ference will be preceded by another meeting for officers. Both meetings will
be held between 8 and 18 February of next year. [Text][Port Louis LE NOUVEAU
MILITANT in French 13 Aug 82 p 1) 5157

cso: 4719/1355

19



FBIS

3501385

JPRS 82020

19 October 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2705

9¢0 2060866

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

Any


| Especially as the NGK has had its membership
} of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches

+ suspended until such time as it rejects apart-

' heid.

“This is not, however, the way in which to bring

i about a change of church conviction and poli-

toy:
pit merely. gives the isolated and the rejected
} the feeling that they are.being unnecessarily
“and. unjustifiably' punished . for ‘viewpoints
é sincerely held. Syn
‘Furthermore, Dr Boesak’s elevation to world
* status, as wéll as Bishop Tutu’s nomination
§ fora Nobel peace prize, are but politically
¥ motivated gestures ‘that ‘are unjustified in
© ‘terms: either of. theological brilliance or
} peaceful achievement: t
§We would rather that.a dialogue with the Ned
;. Geref Kerk was maintained and that the
+ ghurch ‘scene was not disturbed by figures
+ who are given an heroic and international
| . status they do not deserve.
»Let’s hope that clergymen appreciate that they
{, are God’s shepherds ‘rather than political
missionaries, and that within the Christian
: faith there is a striving for peace and goodwill
rather than confrontation and conflict.

cso: 3400/34

2



cso:

commercial and industrial enterprises have
not played the vital role in domestic
production which they should have done —
largely because of poor management for
years.

One of the main objects of the Five Year
Plan is to install an infrastructure which will
provide proper access to all parts of the
country and lead to a more balance use of
national territory. The Prime Minister, Mr.
Sylvain Goma, told the National Assembly
last December: “The reunification of our
economic social and cultural space is an
absolute priority”.

Halting the
rural exodus

Another major concern of the Congo
government is to halt the rural exodus to
the towns, which has meant that nearly half
of the country’s 1.5m. inhabitants now live
in towns, and also has inevitably helped to
reduce the part which agriculture plays in
the gross domestic product. One example
of the government’s determination in this
respect is that higher investment incentives
are offered for projects in the more distant
areas of the country, such as Likoula or
Sangha for example.

In addition the Minister of Agriculture,

“Mr. Marius Monambenga, has undertaken
to raise producer prices considerably, “by
subsidy if necessary” disregarding econo-
mic market considerations so as to increase
peasant revenues and provide incentives
for people to stay on the farm. This is a
far-sighted policy which will show valuable
returns in the future — and opportunities
for investors much sooner.

A major hindrance to national develop-
ment is the inadequate and overloaded
transport infrastructure. With fewer than
600 km. of’ paved roads, much of the
Congo is inaccessible. This handicap places
sever restraints on development of agri-
cultural production, forestry, commerce,
and industry. Several projects in hand,
such as the Chemin de Fer Congo Ocean
(CFCO) railway realignment and ambi-
tions road-building and repair programme,
promise to begin to alleviate the transport
bottleneck. These plans also offer con-
siderable openings for overseas concerns.

Currently, the CFCO railway, the Con-
go’s ports, and the river transport system
are operating at close to the top of their
limited capacity — with the exception of
the river port at Brazzaville, which is
reported to be under-utilised. New invest-
ments are proposed to enable them to keep
up with the growing demand. River traffic,

3400/37

for example, is expected to climb by 14 per
cent annually through 1984. The deep-
water ocean port of Pointe-Noire has seen
its traffic volume rise from 3m. tons in 1978
to 3.7m. in 1980.

The meaning
of ‘“‘marxist”

One relief for businessmen is that
domestic and international telecom-
munications are fairly good. The intra-city
telephone service is highly reliable, and
using direct dialling. International calls
usually go through with minimal delays.
Telex service to Brazzaville is satisfactory,
but Pointe Noire, the “commercial” capit-
al, is occasionally, without telex for ex-
tended periods.

Western businessmen may also pause to
ponder the fact that the People’s Republic
of the Congo professes “Marxist” beliefs.
First, it should be remembered that the
way Africa interprets “marxist” and simi-
larly semantically loaded words, is usually
very different from how they are under-
stood in the Kremlin. Secondly, and more
specifically, Mr. Lekoundzou said, “We
are nobody’s property. The Republic of
Congo belongs to the people of Congo and
nobody else. The Government and the
Congolese Labour Party act in what they
believe to be the best interests of the
people. We have friends in the Eastern
bloc and in the West. We are ready to be
friends to all the World. Our politics at
home are not for foreign affairs, there we
believe in mutual respect. We want more
advanced technology both for our own
development and to be better able to help
other people, that is the importance of
modern technology.”

Mr. Lekoundzou also explained that
Congo operates a mixed economy with
para-statal organisations (which do not
have very glowing commercial records)
private domestic and foreign concerns and
part state-part private firms, according to
which seems most appropriate for . the
relevant circumstances. “Come and see
and ask us if you want to know about
Congo,” he said.

It seems as if some British businessmen
are already beginning to discover Congo
since British exports there have grown over
the past four years from £2.1m.-worth in
1978 to £5.4m. worth in the first five
months of this year. There are opportuni-
ties for a much greater growth to the
mutual benefit of ‘both sides without,
thanks to a judicious use of oil sreypes:



CONGO

‘MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING! ON TRADE WITH UK SIGNED
London WEST AFRICA in English No 3399, 27 Sep 82 pp 2474-75

[Text] 7HE MINISTER OF FINANCE of the the merchandise side.

People’s Republic of the Congo, Mr. Itihi
Ossetmoumba Lekoundzou, was in Lon-
don under the auspices of the Department
of Trade last week to talk business with
the British Government and British indus-
trialists. Mr. Lekoundzou said that this was
the ‘first official visit to Britain by a
Congolese Minister.

During his visit Mr. Lekoundzou signed
a “Memorandum of Understanding” on
trade between the two countries which set
out sectors in which British companies
could co-operate in the development of the
Congolese economy.

These include: posts and telecom-
munications; electricity generation and dis-
tribution; water supply and sewerage; con-
struction and public works; transport: wa-
ter, road and rail, agriculture and agro-
industry, including irrigation and livestock;
fisheries; forestry and forest products; pet-
roleum and minerals; manufacturing indus-
try; hospitals and health equipment. All in
all, this offers a pretty comprehensive
range of opportunities.

As a first step in identifying these the
British Overseas Trade Board is sending a
team of business advisers to the Congo
next month. In addition the UK’s Export
Credits Guarantee Department has made
available facilities to cover a considerable
expansion of British participation in the
Congo Republic’s economic development.

Businessmen who might, in the present
climate of talk about over-borrowed Third
Wor'd countries, be shy of venturing into
-Conge should remember that it is an
oil-exporting country, though not a mem-
ber of OPEC, and in addition has immense
timber resources, both of which provide a
healthy income and have helped to give the
country a positive balance of payments on

One reason for trying to interest British
business in Congo is that the country has a
bold five year development plan just start-
ing which the Congolese government be-
lieves can, as Mr. Lekoundzou explained,
benefit by using British technology and
expertise in operating in developing coun-
tries.

The background to the 1982-86 Five
Year Plan is informative. Recognising the
opportunities offered by the country’s oil
resources — which benefited by increased
prices and production in 1979 (having
missed out to some extent on the 1973
jump in oil prices) — the Government set
up planning machinery three years ago,
with responsibility for preparing a strategy
to develop a prosperous, independent eco-
nomy. 1982 was selected as the starting
point for the first Five Year Plan.

Analysis showed that Congo was:

A geographically discontinuous and eco-
nomically dependent country, but which
had one historic asset — oil — which could
propel the country forward towards econo-
mic development and social justice, or
could lead to a profound state of imba-

Jance, depending on how it was used.

The country is geographically discon-
tinuous because access from one region,
village or centre of population to another is
difficult due to inadequate communica-
tions. The country has a great many rivers
which may provide ‘vertical’ transport
links but do impede “horizontal” contact.

The country is, at present, economically
dependent because agriculture does not
supply all the food needs of the urban areas
nor provide enough raw materials for
agricultural industry.

Overall, the state-owned agricultural,



GOVERNMENT PLANS TO SET UP NEW MANPOWER MINISTRY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 25 Sep 82 p 5

[Text ]

THE Government has plans
to create a new ministry of
manpower to reorganise
and strengthen training pro-
grammes in the Civil Ser-
vice.

Manpower adviser at Cabi-
net office, Mr Collin Car-
michael, revealed this in a
paper he presented to the
Zambia Federation of Emplo-

‘-yers workshop which ended

at the President's Citizenship
College near Kabwe yester-
day.

He told participants from

* various industries that man-
power planning was a useful |

jool. to help in managerial _

decision making.

The introduction of man-
power planning _ throughout
Zambia could make a_major
contribution to the efficiency
of organisations and ultimately
improve national growth pros-

pects.

“At present, attempts are
in the Civil
strengthen and
feorganise the training func-
tion. This is being done

* through the creation of a

| strong central training orga-

i

L

cso:

nisation and a cadre of
manpower development staff
seconded to ministries.

“This is taking place as 4

3400/30

. organised

bone -
"separate exercise, although

the eventual intention is to
create a unified civil service
manpower department within
a ministry of manpower.””
Manpower planning and
development would be the
main work of this cadre
with other personnel and

. industrial relations matters

being dealt with by per-
sonnel division.

“Agreement has been
reached in principle for these
improvements and discussions
about staffing are now taking
place.””
A substantial training effort
would be required for the
new cadre which Mr Car-
said was

through
National Institute for Public

michael

' Administration and the Uni-

versity of Zambia.

Mr Carmichael said a plan
should follow corporate objec-
tives and should be discussed
with heads of departments and
labour leaders. Case studies
of the successful introduction
of manpower planning into
companies had identified the
main benefits as:

@Greater awareness | of
labour force trends and their
possible consequences, _

55

@ Improved ‘control of man-
power against plans and

_ budgets,

@ Better understanding of
the implications of alterna-
tive manpower policies and,

. @ A basis for meeting current
and future legislative require-
ments and for discussion and
collaboration with official
agencies.

ZAMBIA



Now the Appeal Court has dismissed the Gov-
§ ernment’s appeal over the second proclama-
£ tion, ruling that the State President acted be-
= yond his powers in excising Ingwavuma
:,. Without prior consultation between the South
; African and KwaZulu Governments.

+The Appeal Court declared the proclamation
© pulland void.

This time, we are pleased to note, the Govern-
+ ment will honour the Appeal Court’s finding.
cit notes that it has already- appointed a com-
- mission, headed by former Chief Justice, Mr
Justice Rumpff,. to investigate “clashing
claims” over Ingwavuma, and says that talks

j..ziland Governments.

‘We would have thought that the death of King
£.Sobhuza would have given the South African
Government cause to rethink the land deal.
But it is clear that the deal did not die with
King Sobhuza.

lobody has really explained publicly and sat-
isfactorily why the Government wants to go

KaNgwane and KwaZulu.

But whatever the advantages, they cannot

compensate for the bitterness aroused among

:. the Zulus and the potential violence if the

} deal goes through. *

There have been admissions in the Govern-

; ment that the land deal has been badly han-

», dled. The series of court actions which the

, _ Government has lost confirms this.

{It's been a muck-up.

: The land deal itself is fundamentally bad and it
should be abandoned. .

cso: 3400/31

over border changes in other areas are con-|
tinuing between the South-African and-Swa-|

ahead with the deal despite the opposition of |

38



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

ILLEGAL ENRICHMENT TRIAL--Unlike the English-seaking countries of West Africa,
where corruption trials, probes and commissions of enquiry have been fairly
common (especially after some changes of regime), they are a rarity in French-
speaking Africa. The case of former President Maurice Yameogo of Upper Volta
back in the sixties was one. The "gang of four" in Mali in the mid-seventies
was another. In Guinea it seems to happen frequently, but in a manner hard to
analyse or fit into any pattern. This is what makes the trial of a bank
director in Senegal on a charge of "illegal enrichment," using a court, and a
law set up by President Abdou Diouf only a year ago, such a novelty. By some
standards the amounts involved may not look colossal, but the fact that it has
happened at all has aroused much popular interest, There is much speculation,
not least in some of the more independent minded media as to who will be next,
and there are rumblings even about wives of ministers. Certainly having em-
barked on such a course and aroused certain expectations, it would be politic-
ally embarrassing for Diouf not to go further, and to leave it as simply a
cosmetic exercise. The trial of Becaye Sene has been followed with great
attention in the Ivory Coast, where it has been recognised that the level of
corruption at a high level of politics has been serious for some time. Whether
this will actually lead to anything similar is more doubtful. The Houphouet-
Boigny way with those who displease him is more the backdoor removal, the pri-
vate deal, the avoidance of damaging publicity. But there is general agreement
that Ivory Coast, especially at this moment of serious financial difficulty,
could benefit from such an innovation. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English
No 3399, 27 Sep 82 p 2472]

cso; 3400/37

26



TRANSVAAL TEACHERS CRITICIZE EDUCATION MINISTER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 p 3

{Article by:

[Text]

: MONDSTUK, official
| mouthpiece of” the
'Transvaalse Onderwy-
sersvereniging, yester-
«day warned the Minis-
iter of National
“Education, Dr Gerrit
: Viljoen, that he had an
iimage of a “Trojan
“Horse among Tansyaal
: Afrikaner teachers and
especially because he
= was using party-politi-
eal channels and’ plat-
forms to propagate fu-
- ture education
Spolicies.

In it’s latest edition,
-published yesterday,
Mondstuk says these ac-
tions of Dr Viljoen, which
were apparently aimed at
creating good relations
“with teachers, could be-
conie so counter produc-
‘tive that further similar
‘meetings should rather be
cancelled. -

* In the .same edition
;Mondstuk carries a car-
toon depicting Dr Viljoen
tas a large Trojan Horse
among teachers who were
wondering what he was
Upto. ‘

Jaap Theron]

Dr Viljoen is preseiitly *

in Natal where he opened
the celebrations at the
Natal Technicon yester-
day and according to a
spokesman from his office
he will only have the op-
portunity to study the
matter today.

This editorial of
Mondstuk in fact comes
after meetings between
Dr Viljoen and certain

| members of the TO’s ex-
fecutive at which Dr Vil-
\joen was also apparently
“warned that his method of
“by-passing the TO with
respect to rallies at which
mainly . teachers were
present, was likely to
backlash,

Mondstuk also publish-
sed a letter from ‘a TO
‘member who objected to

Dr Viljoen holding infor-

mation meetings all over
‘the Transvaal,:. without
* the approval of the teach-
ers’ own association, the
(TO, which is the normal
-channel through which
rsuch meetings should be
-arranged.

The editorial said many
‘similar complaints had
Sbeen received and the.ex-

tent thereof forced the
“-TO’s executive to give at-
tention to the matter.

It said one of the results
is that the TO has decided
to approach the Adminis-
trator for an urgent inteT-
view at which he will be
asked to clearly .deter-
mine the area of authority
‘of public leaders and pol-
itical figures in order to
prevent tension and em-

| barrasment.

The TO said its action

showed its seriousness
over the issue and espec-

ially because it touched,
sensitive points of contact
‘between education and
' party politics on the. one
hand and the acknowl-
edgement of the authority
.. basis of education on the
\ other.
It said that anyone who
! had any knowledge of the
+ inside works of so-called
“educational-politics”
| would appreciate that the
associations did not over-
react after the complaints
itreceived.

It was also in the best
interest of the Minister of
National Education and

© his image as political head
of education of Whites in
South Africa.

The editorial said the
TO had attempted for
months to keep education
out of party politics and

43

SOUTH AFRICA

that Dr Viljoen in fact did
address certain rallies
within. the framwork of
“the organised profession.
But then the editorial
asks’ “Why is the Minis-
ter so prepared, contrary
to his predecessors, to act
(in this way) all over the
Transvaal and why were
these rallies only retricted
to the Transvaal.”
‘The -editoral said the
general pattern of these
rallies was that party pol-

itical channels were used
‘and that MPC’s, with the
assistance of school in-
spectors and heads of
education strongly de-
smanding that all teachers
should be present.
It said some of the com-
plaints received were that
| a form of “voluntary co-
ercion” was’ placed on
teachers which affected

their freedom of choice.
Together with — this
question the editorial ask-

ed the Minister “whether
his neat and correct ac-
tion in the interest of edu-
cation,. did not perhaps
mean a political gain for
“the Minister.”

“The Minister was fur-
“ ther asked whether it was
“correct to address teach-_



The transportation sector will not be forgotten. It is to be one of the main
targets of the campaign, for it is 100-percent dependent upon hydrocarbons.
And the needs. in this area are increasing at a dizzy pace.

Over the course of 10 months, plentiful advice will enable you to reduce your
electricity bill and avoid wasting fuel.

8946
cso: 3419/6

25



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

CCZ DELEGATION'S RETURN FROM USSR--Chairman of the Christian Council of Zambia Mr.
Philip Simuchoba has praised President Kaunda for establishing close relationship
between churches in Zambia and the Soviet Union. Speaking in Lusaka at the weekend
when he returned from the Soviet Union where he led a seven-man CCZ delegation for

14 days, he said it was now for the churches in Zambia to maintain the relationship.
The visit was reciprocal one made to Zambia by a six-man Soviet Orthodox Church dele-
gation led by Archbishop Sergius of Odessa last year at the invitation of Dr Kaunda.
Dr Kaunda established a link and "it is now for us to keep the relationship warm."
Mr Simuchoba who is Lusaka regional chief education officer, said the Orthodox Church
in the Soviet Union cooperated with the state and a government representative was
attached to every diocese to ensure that no one was forced to believe in Christian-
ity. Zambians were assured that under the state-church cooperation no problem arose.
The delegation confirmed that religious existed in the Soviet Union. "We noticed
that followers do not sit down in churches other than Catholics and Anglicans. There
are no benches or anywhere to sit. Mr Simuchoba was now arranging to call on Pres-
ident Kaunda and report on the visit and to deliver greetings from the Patriak (the
holy father of Moscow and entire Soviet Union). He is pope of the Soviet Union.
[Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82 p 5]

NEW CARGO ROUTE--Meanwhile a new route has been opened for the transport of goods
for Zambia via Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, the SUNDAY NATION newspaper re-
ported this weekend. The paper quoted managing director of the Kenya National Trans-
port Company (Kenatco) Yuda Komora as saying Kenya lorries would pick up Zambian
cargo from the port of Mombasa or other points in Kenya. They would then be carried
to Lake Tanganyika ferried and off-loaded at Mpulungu on the Zambian shore he said.
Mr Komora was quoted as saying that the new route would later be extended to Zim-
babwe, Malawi and Botswana. The route is jointly operated by Kenatco, Inter African
Export and Import of Burundi and B.N. Transport of Zambia. [Excerpts] [Lusaka
TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82 p 2]

UNDOCUMENTED GOODS IN DAR ES SALAAM--Zambia and Tanzania will for the second time in
four years resort to a unique system of clearing stranded goods from here to Zambia
without proper documents for the more than 7,000 tonnes of cargo that has been lying
at the port for six years, it was reported. A two-man Zambian delegation led by Mr
Esau Nebwe, which flew into Dar last week has held intensive discussions with cus-
toms and excise officials and shipping authorities. It was decided Zambia should
be allowed to transport its stranded goods whose labels and clearing documents were
missing.

62



domination by foreign capital, the timid
approach of the ECOWAS Treaty must be
revised to take advantage of the benefits
that foreign capital will naturally derive
from investment in the region. The
ECOWAS Fund should not be guaran-
teeing foreign investments if the regional
states are serious about integration.

As the situation currently stands, foreign
capital has a free hand in the regional
economy. Where there are ‘stipulations
regulating its participation, officials have
either turned a blind eye to gross violations
or have encouraged transnational corpora-
tions to violate the regulations for personal
gains. At the same time we witness the
promulgation of nationalistic economic
policies in the various economies to such
an extent that each one stands in contradic-
tion to the spirit of integration. As if this
was not enough, the relationship between
agreement in principle to the protocolsand
their implementation have shown serious
discrepancies, while we have also seen the

deliberate attempt to divert attention from
fundamental issues to peripheral ones, like
the establishment of a West African De-
fence force! All in all, the struggle to
provide the best terms to foreign capital
has continued unabated.

Other problems which all go to demons-
trate a lack of seriousness with integration
include the peripheral support given to
ECOWAS in comparison to CEAO by the
Francophone states, the failure to meet
financial obligations and the lack of clarity
as to why certain policies are adopted even
when it is very clear that they ought to be
avoided till the community establishes it-
self. An example of such a policy is labour
mobility. This policy assumes that the
countries of origin can do without the
migrating labour force while the receiving
countries have the capacities to absorb and
occupy the labour force. But this is quite
opposite of the situation in West African.
In the Ivory Coast foreign labourers are
virtually treated as slaves, restricted to the
agricultural sector and exempted from the
minimum wage. In Nigeria, those who
migrated into the country in the “spirit of
ECOWAS” are now blamed for all the
social, economic and political problems of
the country. The fact is that, labour mobil-
ity is not, and never has been, the way to
start off an integration scheme. The crisis
generated by this ill-advised policy has led
to nationalistic pressures, hatred for fore-
igners being its immediate expression and a
situation where the receiving countries
have been forced to re-evaluate the pro-
tocol on labour mobility.

ECOWAS as it currently stands can only
lead to polarisation and crisis. As the
protocol on labour mobility demonstrated,
only the relatively developed economies
will continue to benefit from the free flow
of production factors.‘In a situation where
foreign capital is not regulated through a
central agency, one can expect a continued
concentration in countries with “political
stability”, developed infrastructure, large
population and perhaps oil. The fact that
foreign investors have been reluctant to
invest in Ghana or Niger as compared to
the Ivory Coast or Nigeria clearly demons-
trates this point. This situation has con-
tinued and will continue as long as ECO-
WAS remains silent on the issue of estab-
lishing a regime for foreign investment.
What will be the function of such a regime?

The starting point of such a policy will be
the harmonisation of the economic policies
of the regional economies as well as the
harmonisation of regional developmental
policies. This is a huge task requiring
enormous political will, compromises and
sacrifices. The regional power elites must
initially re-evaluate the nature of their
alliance with foreign capital and think in
the long term interests of the region or the
consequences of the current unequal parti-
cipation in the capitalist world economy.
The equation of development with indus-
trialisation per se must be abandoned while
the old belief that the technology and ideas
the underdeveloped countries need in
order to develop are monopolised by the
Western world must be done away with.

Above these, a régime for foreign invest-
ment would be capable of undertaking
studies of the regional economies and
regulating the location and participation of
foreign capital accordingly. Such a regime
will determine the spatial, employment,

| technology transfer and pollution effects of
| foreign investment in the region. It would

also determine issues relating to the trans-
fer of profits abroad, the re-investment of
profits, quality of products, the linkage
effects of manufacturing processes, taste
transfer and a host of other issues that
might emerge from the participation of
foreign capital: in a regional economy
dedicated to employing integration as a
mechanism for liberating itself from the
problems and crisis of underdevelopment.
There is no reason to expect foreign
investors to pay attention to these issues
unless they are specifically required to.



Malawi's exports are also being routed overland to Dar es Salaam by Zamtan, the trans-
port company jointly owned by the Zambian and Tanzanian governments. On the re-

turn journey from Dar es Salaam, the trucks are carrying fertiliser, which has been
on the high seas for some time, and which could not be offloaded at Nacala and trans-
ported by rail to Malawi.

cso: 3400/14

16



Karl I Bond, now living in Belgium. Mr Nguza based his statements on private
conversations with Belgian Journalist Pierre Davister, known for being on
good terms in the past with the Zaire regime, but who now denies making the
allegations.

Mr De Croo said he has not. seen:the report and that he has never received any
money from the Zaire Government,

Mr Cahen said he would cooperate with any investigation which looked into the
allegations, while the former Zaire Prime Minister has refused to comment on

the affair except to say that he was not responsible for the report being re-
leased. (A.F.P.)

cso: 3400/35

53



ZAMBIA

ZCCM MAY CLOSE SOME OPERATIONS TEMPORARILY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Sep 82 p 1

THE Zainbia Consolidated Copper Mines may temporarily close
some operations due to: ithe deteriorating financial situation, the
company’s annual report for the financial year ended March 31, |
1982, has warned. \ — os

[Text]

; _KS7.2 million for the quarter.

Consideration is being given
y to the adoption of more
}/stringent measures in addition
to the wide ranging cost-
{ saving steps being implement-
«ed in all sections of the busi-
| ness.

“Since the end of the
financial year, copper prices
| have slumped and the cobalt
| market has deteriorated even
# further.””
| Production of copper in the
}June quarter, at 142,000
rtonnes, was 6,012 tonnes
Hower than that for the June
+1981 quarter.

Copper: sales of 168,691
tonnes in June were higher
ithan 145,772 tonnes sold
‘during the corresponding
period of 1981. The increase in
the sales was attributed to the
¢improved_transport and port
+ performance.
+A ZCCM spokesman said
the average sales realisation
* for copper was K1,386 a tonne
fin the June 1982 quarter
compared with K1,547 for the
June 1981 quarter.

The report says the low
ptices tealised for all the
'ZCCM’s metals sold during
the period contributed to the

cso: 3400/30

It says ZCCM. made.a loss:
before tax and equity levy of

nét loss of K173.6 million re-
cord against a profit of KS6.5
million in 1980/81 financial
year.

In view of the loss, no divi-
dend was declared in respect
of the quarter under review. A
total of K9.S million in divid-
ends was declared during the
preceeding financial year.

Lead and zinc sales of
44,800 tonnes were higher

, than the previous year when

44,221 tonnes were sold.
Cobalt sales were 2,341 tonnes
compared with 1,294 tonnes
sold in 1980-81.

Because of operational
constraints experienced by
both rail and road transport

| systems metal movements to

is. were unsatisfactory,
particularly during the latter
half of the year under review.

The situation at the port of
Dar es Salaam was fairly
stable throughout the year
mainly because of the: diver-
sion of some import cargo to
South African’ ports and
general reduction in the
volume of imports caused by

| economic recession.

60



He also said the DPSC's memorandum demonstrated the inadequacies of the inquiry
conducted by the Rabie Commission.

Le Grange: ‘Sensational Publicity’
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Oct 82 pl
[Article by: Glenda Gaitz]
[Text] The Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, said yesterday that he
deplored the procedure followed by the Detainees' Parents Support Committee who
were seeking "sensational publicity".
He was responding to 70 statements compiled by the committee, claiming their child-
ren had been tortured in detention. The report was compiled to verify statements

made by the committee earlier this year regarding the assault and torture of poli-
tical detainees.

These were rejected by Mr Le Grange and the Minister of Justice, Mr Kobie Coetzee.
However an extensive police investigation was ordered into these claims resulting

in a CID officer requesting these claims to be substantiated in statements. These
statements were handed to the Press this week.

They were delivered to Mr Le Grange's office on Thursday.

"The memorandum refers to bundles of unsigned allegations by a number of detainees
which I received during the past few weeks from the attorney of the Parents’
Committee," Mr Le Grange said.

"I deplore the procedure followed by the committee, seeking sensational publicity
based on the unsigned allegations which they delivered to me," he said.

"The unsigned allegations will be considered in due course."

cso: 3400/34

33



POSSIBLE POLITICAL DEMISE OF KOORNHOF DISCUSSED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 30 Sep 82 p 8

[Editorial]

[Text]

THERE WAS a time when he flitted
around like a, veritable conjurist
with a smile of seeming success on
his face. Today, Dr Piet Koornhof
seems to be reaching the end of his
career, or that is what the pundits

‘y+
The bells may be tolling for Dr
Piet “Promises” Koornhof, but we
_smell some treachery in his demise.
“Our point is there should be
corporate responsibility for the
failures in this department, that
forms the core, in a way, of Govern-
{ment policy. Further to that, we
,think there are others in the
+ Government who have fared worse
than Dr Koornhof in their careers.
Various reports are saying that
Dr Koornhof is facing a crisis in his
political career for failing to carry
through even the limited “new deal”
for urban blacks contained in the
proposals of the Riekert Commis-
sion. You would perhaps be correct
to wonder why we seem so con-
cerned about the career of a man
whose department has caused a lot
of injury to blacks, despite the
much- vaunted “success” of
_ Crossroads and Alexandra
” townships.

cso: 3400/31

Dr Koornhof may have tried
sincerely to bring sense to this
completely mystical structure. He
tried to use all kinds of tricks, from
opportunism to promises, but the
structure itself is too unwieldy. and
hypocritical to be able to sustain
direction from even the most sage
among us.-

In fact, Dr Koornhof’s failure

- should be seen as the failure of the

whole structure of a mythical sepa-
ratedness built on delusion and self-
delusion.
¢-- The’ superticial view would be that
‘it is better to keep the devil you
know than trade: for something
perhaps more sinister. That may be
the superficial view, but it is also
true of heads of other departments.
The history of the Department of
‘Justice and Police could perhaps
give an inkling into the kind of
-change we mean.

Taking the broader view, one
would have to say that this Govern-
ment would need something of a

: Solomon in all his wisdom to make
‘sense of the Department of Co-
‘ operation and Development.

3h

SOUTH AFRICA

The head of such a department
has to work his rhetoric inside of,
and try to manoeuvre his way out of,
an intricate facade upon which the
system is propped. How any man
can do that for long and still keep his
head, or his position, is beyond us.

Dr Koornhof’s uncertainty comes
too late in the day for us to have

- even the’slightest disquiet about his
career. He has caused, even by
default, some massive unhappiness.
This has been done with the cheery
disposition that things would work
out well for us when he knew all
along that his Government, or his
people, would budge not one inch.

It seemed all very well for him,
and the pundits who are now pre-
dicting his fall, when he careered
along merrily, making fantastic
statements abroad on the death of
apartheid and sundry other crazy
things. In the meantime, thousands
| and perhaps even millions of people
| were in desperate misery. He made
| the headlines with his catchy

sobriquet “Piet Promises”. -

| We are only hoping that, if he
goes at all, this will be a lesson to all
,his erstwhile colleagues and their
farcical system of government.



{by 13 percent this month
| —some 3 to 4 percent less
| than the inflation rate.

:go up to R138 a month
from the preserit R122. ~ ”
: | Other « ‘State ' benefits
| which will be increased
are parent allowances, by
Ri2 a month; mainten-

L

‘a child; pension subsidies
on occupants of licensed
' institutions, by R12; pen-
! sions of Indians and
‘Coloureds, by “R12 a
month to R83; and pen-
“sions of Blacks, by R9 to
RA.

cso: 3400/34

White civil pensions will

+ ance allowances, by R3,75

ho



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

PRINTERS' UNION ULTIMATUM--The Printing and Publishing Workers' Union of Nigeria,
has given the management of the New Nigerian Newspapers up to the end of this month
to reinstate members of the union who were dismissed by the newspaper's management,
or "be held responsible for whatever happened thereafter". A recent statement
issued by the acting national general secretary of the union, Mr. Bola Oluwo, said
that the management of the newspaper had "bluntly and arrogantly" refused to rein-
state the affected workers in disregard of a directive of the Senate Committee on
labour which ordered it to do so. It said that the sufferings of the affected
workers were becoming "humanly unbearable" and they could no longer stand idly by.
{Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3399, 27 Sep 82 p 2527]

cso: 3400/29

22



ZAIRE

BRIBE ALLEGATIONS REPORTEDLY SHOCK BELGIUM
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2936, 28 Sep 82 p 22

[Text] Brussels, September 27--The publication of a report accusing former and
serving ministers here of taking bribes from the Zaire Government has thrown
Belgium into political turmoil on the eve of Belgian municipal elections.

The report by Erwin Blumenthal, a former representative of the International
Monetary Fund in Zaire, implicated members of the Socialist Party including
Henri Simonet, a former Foreign Minister and Alfred Cahen, Foreign Ministry
policy director.

Liberal Communications Minister Herman de Croo was also accused in the report.
All the politicians named in the report--whose allegations have not been
proved--have publicly expressed support for the Zaire Government at some point
in their political careers.

Prime Minister Wilfred Martens has ordered an investigation of the charges
which are denied by all the officials named in the report.

The Christian Social Party, which lost votes in the last general elections,
would benefit if the political reputations of Socialists and Liberals were
blackened prior to the October 10 municipal elections.

Other sources noted that publication of the report, which was reportedly handed
to the Belgian authorities by the Kinshasa Government last month, was intended
to influence Belgian foreign policy concerning its former colony.

A Warning

Political sources said that the report may have been passed on to the Belgian
authorities as a warning to Belgium which has become increasingly unwilling to
defend Zaire at international conferences.

The newspaper LA LIBRE BELGIQUE said that the report, drawn up in April and
addressed to the Bundesbank and other German banks, allegedly provided infor-

mation concerning lending to Zaire.

The report detailed Mr Blumenthal's experience from 1987 and 1979 during his
posting in Zaire and quoted statements py former Zaire Prime Minister Nguza

52



EXPATRIATE REPORTEDLY PAID 'FORTUNE' FOR JOB

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 Sep 82 p 5

[Text] AN expatriate electrician hired from General
Electrical Company of Zambia is being paid a |
fortune for a job which Zambian artisans can do
at Chibuluma division of Zambia Consolidated
Copper Mines (ZCCM).

. A copy of a contract cer-
tificate dated September 12,
1982, shows that the expa-
triate was paid a total of
K11,089 for 30 days ‘from
May 21 to June 21.

For the first ten days, the
expatriate was paid K4,056.71
for 70.5 hours at an hourly rate

_ of K57.54. From June 1 to
June 20 he received K7,032.40
at an hourly rate of KS8.10.

The certificate gives GEC
Zambia as the contractor and
* the company that hired a Mr
Harrison to Chibuluma, but it
does not indicate whether the
money went to the expatriate’s
personal account or to GEC.

According to a copy of a
GEC invoice to ZCCM divi-

sional general manager and’

marked ‘‘Chibuluma division”
for the attention of the engi-
neering superintendent, the
first payment of K4,056.71 for
the ten-day period was for the
rehabilitation of a mine winder
on which the expatriate
spent 70 hours 30 minutes.

He spent 121 hours on the
next job, but its invoice could
not be obtained.

csO: 3400/30

ZCCM sources at the divi-
sion said the expatriate was
the highest paid worker yet
ZCCM could have saved 75 per
cent of the money if a Zambian
was employed to do the jobs.

The high fees did not
make sense at a time when
ZCCM was implimenting cost-
saving measures.

The expatriate has been
hired from GEC since 1979 and

- although the amount per hour

then was not as high as it was
now, it was still high for the
company and could be re-
duced.

One of the sources said: ‘‘If
this job -was done by a qualifi-
ed Zambian, the mine was
going to spend only 25 per cent
of the amount it has to pay
GEC. We hear that there are
qualified Zambians who could
do the same job successfully.”

The division had more than
100- specialists in various
fields which included boiler
makers, riggers, electricians,
welders, machinists and plant
fitters all on similar hourly
rates.

61

» number

Efforts to get ZCCM to
comment on the matter failed
yesterday as no company
spokesman was available.

Signed

The contract certificate is
number CHIB 936 whose certi-
fication has been given as
36, code’ priced
SDR and signed by a Mr
R. William who checked its
accuracy.

ZAMBIA



MALAWI
Transport Detours for Tobacco Crop Described
(FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 17 Sep 82) sscsecccscsceeccecececveces
MAURITIUS
Population Figures for 1981 Published
(LE MAURICIEN, 12 Aug 82) se eceeecereeeee
Briefs
Census Planned
MULPOC Meeting
NIGERIA
Report on Visit to Abuja One Month Before Deadline for Move
(David Ruddell; WEST AFRICA, 6 Sep 82) ..cececcsceececeere
Briefs
Printers' Union Ultimatum
SENEGAL
Data on Nation's Energy Programs, Resources Set Forth
(Abdallah Faye' LE SOLEIL, 20 Sep 82) ....
Briefs
Illegal Enrichment Trial
SIERRA LEONE .

Controversial Newspaper Act Becomes Law
(WEST AFRICA, 27 Sep 82) ..sscccsccceccncesseceececvecence

Briefs
Exam Scandal
New Helicopters
Foreign Exchange Priority
Petrol Shortage

SOUTH AFRICA

Seventy Detainees Claim ‘Brutal Torture’
(Various sources, various dates) ...

Jailers Uncontrolled, by Charles Mogale, Sam Mabe
Le Grange: 'Sensational Publicity', by Glenda Gaitz

Possible Political Demise of Koornhof Discussed
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 30 Sep 82) ..scesceccecsececesceesece

15

7

19

19

20

22

23

26

27

29
29
30
30

31

34


SOUTH AFRICA

DR BOESAK ACCUSED OF POLITICIZING RELIGION
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Oct 82 p 6

{Editorial: "Church Strife"]

[Text] i

proval the developments concerning the

Nederduitse Gerefofmeerde Kerk and the

Coloured sister church, the Sendingkerk.

\ Not that we have any'hing to-do wwith-Afrika-

” nerinter-churcti disputes.
" The interpretation of the Scriptures by the
|. NGK, in terms of the: political: and_ social

¥. philosophies of its members, is something *

* Afrikaners must decide for themselves.

: If we hope that the emphasis will be on com-
passion, fellowship and goodwill in the broa-
dest sense, it is not because we demand that
Afrikaner congregants move to the left, but
because we. believe ‘that ‘people -of colour

»- should not be treated as. second-rate fol-

4 Jowers of Christianity (or any other religion,

% for that matter), but as God’s children who

* are deserving of full acceptance in the
| Church. : eee

® However, we have never regarded the NGK

£. support of apartheid as a heresy.

‘.. Wrong, perhaps, from a liberal viewpoint.

‘Questionable, in terms of the modern ap-

proach to religion.

} But not anoutrageous denial’ of the religious’

values one should expect from clergymen.
‘In other words, Christians have a right to
+ question the NGK interpretation of the
Scriptures, but not to question the sincerity
of. that church’s’ view, ‘to condemin’ those

views outright as a heresy, or to take the case |

to other extremes that are both offensive and
i, . counterproductive.
i. Therefore, we take issue with a man like Dr

Allan Boesak, a Coloured theologian of no .

great consequence in world terms, although

he has a standing among his own followers in :+

the Sendingkerk.

WE CAN'T say that We tegard with any ap-| :

It was Dr Boesak who had apartheid declared
aheresay.

It was Di Boesak who, by his opposition to the
‘NGK’s views, was elevated to the rank of
president of the World Alliance of Reformed

‘Churches.

» It was Dr Boesak who tried, but failed, to be-

come Moderator of the Sendingkerk.

We do not doubt for a moment that Dr Boesak,
~ is a man of conviction; on the other hand, by
; the extreme nature of his views, he has be-
** come associated with radicalism rather than
+ with conciliation and religious forebearance.

Although he did not succeed in taking over the
. leadership of the Sendingkerk, he became its
assessor. .

;And although the Sendingkerk has chosen a
* moderate at its leader instead of him, it has
;-decided to join the South African Council of
i; Churches, an anti-Government, ultra-liberal
* organisation which is bringifig"the Church
into growing conflict with the State.
Alas, Dr Boesak is becoming another Bishop
» Desmond Tutu, more intent on propagating
© the viewpoints of the politician rather than
© those of God’s shepherd. * .
: We shall hear more and more of Dr Boesak’s
‘controversial and religiously militant views,
in the same way as we have to put up with
: Bishop Tutu’s continuing and aggravating ti-
trades.’
The fact that the Sendingkerk has joined other
sister churches, the Reformed Church in
Africa (Indian) and the Ned Geref Kerk in
Africa (Black) as members of the South Afri-
can Council of Churches is taken as confir-
mation of the growing isolation of the White
Ned Geref Kerk.

ka.



SOUTH AFRICA

ACKERMAN PLANS TO LAUNCH CONSUMER PARTY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 p 3

[Text] .MR Raymond Acker-

» man, chairman of Pick ’n
Pay, is looking to form a
political party based pure-
ly on the interest of the
consumer as he is “‘disap-
pointed with the Govern-
ment shutting doors in my

ce”,

“Since the increase in
the price of bread was an-
nounced, Mr Ackerman
said he had tried to get
the private sector working
with the Government: to
subsidise the bread price,
and curb the increase.

His initial scheme ,was
to raise .R5-million from
five food giants, including

| his company, and to es-
tablish a R35-million pool
hich the Government
could possibly subsidise
from the General Sales
| ‘Tax increase of one per-

cent.

‘He said although the
plan had failed, he would
keep his side of the bar-
gain. The bread price
goes up today but Pick ’n
Pay country-wide will still
sell bread at the old price
for the next three to six

“months.

3400/31

“Last year we sold 20-
million loaves of bread
‘and with our own subsidy
of R1,2-million, we will
be able to sell 16-million
joaves at the old price,”
Mr Ackerman added.
. “Although my scheme
to collect
‘failed, I still planned to
approach the Ministers of
Finance and Agriculture
to curb the increase. But

‘they’ delayed discussions
too long and now it’s too
late.”

“The Government has
been totally insensitive on
this particular issue and I
feel there is a need for
consumer matters to be
taken for more seriously.

“It is out of sheer frus-
tration that I decided to
form a consumer party
which would be listened
to at government level
and I have my lawyers
looking seriously into the
viability of sucha party.

“I don’t think this
country needs more pol-
itical parties. It needs
more working together.

“Last year thé Prime

© Minister asked the private

39

RS5-million *

sector to’ work together |
with the Government, but
when I tried this I had
doors continually shut in
my face.

“If they had listened to
me and then turned me
‘down, I would have be-
lieved they do actually
care for the consumer.

“J tried to get hold of
either the Minister of Fi-
nance or. Agriculture
three times a day, but
they did not, return my
calls until late on Wed~
nesday, saying while they
would be prepared to dis-
cuss the matter, the deci-
sion would not be
changed. It’s all a bit too
late, The bread price goes
uptoday.””



GABON

FINAL COMMUNIQUE OF GABON-SAO TOME COMMISSION MEETING
Libreville L'UNION in French 21 Sep 82 pp 1, 4

[Article by Ango Marcel and Evoung Bitegue: "A Common Desire to Promote
Trade"]

[Excerpts] Smiles and satisfaction were in evidence yesterday in the conference
room at the Dowe Hotel in Libreville, where at 1000. the closing meeting of the
third session of the large Gabon-Sao Tome Joint Commission, which opened on
Thursday 16 September, took place. The ceremony was co-chaired by
Jean-Baptiste Ngomo Obiang, the Gabonese minister of Youth, Sports and Leisure,
and Celestino Rocha da Costa, the Sao Tome and Principe minister of Justice.

In the course of the meetings both delegations were inspired by speeches pre-
sented at the opening session by their leaders. The speeches basically con-
cerned the planned agenda, presented by the Gabonese delegation and adopted
without objection by both parties. In the final communique approving the work
of the meetings, both delegations affirmed their common desire to promote trade
in the most diverse areas. In addition, they periodically engaged in exchanging
information intended to further permanent contact between the two administra-
tions. For that purpose, it was suggested that visits be increased at all lev-
els, within the framework of the ad hoc commissions provided for in the general
agreement.

Emphasizing the fundamental role that must be played by South-to-South coopera-
tion, both parties also expressed their hope for a speedy outcome for the plan
to create an Economic Community of Central African States, which was recommended
last December by President Bongo, conforming to the objectives of the Lagos plan
of action. The plan aims at instituting an African common market based on an ‘
endogenous and autocentrist development.

It needs to be emphasized that the work of the third session of the large
Gabon-Sao Tome Joint Commission took place in plenary session. It was chaired
by the head of the Gabonese delegation at the expert level, Bernardin Akagha,
deputy secretary general of Civil and Commercial Aviation, and for the Sao
Tomian side by Guilherme Posser da Costa, director of political and Consular Af-
fairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of the Republic of

Sao Tome and Principe.

It is well to recall that during the session the head of the Sao Tomian dele-
gation was given an audience by Minister of State and Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs Martin Bongo and Minister of Culture and the Arts Emile Mbot.

8946
CSO: 3419/8



UGANDA

BRIEFS

CAPTURED REBELS PARADED--Uganda's opposition Democratic Party leader Paul Ssemogerere
has called for an estimated 200 people detained here in connection with rebel activ-
ities to be transferred from army to policy custody. The Ugandan authorities last
Friday paraded over 100 people said to have been anti-government rebels captured in
the countryside through the centre of the captial. Twenty one poeple were brought
in on the same Friday from the town of Mityana, west of Kampala, and the official
Uganda Times newspaper has since announced that 100 more were arrested in the south-
ern town of Masaka and that they have been brought to Kampala. One of the men parad-
ed at the city square last Friday was James Kagimu, who was described by government
officials as a former personal assistant to Mr. Ssemogerere. Mr. Ssemogerere told

a Kampala news conference yesterday that Mr. Kagimu had worked at the party head-
quarters earlier this year, but had gone off without telling anyone that he was

going to join the rebels. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English 21 Sep 82
p 15]

ARMS CACHE FOUND--A large cache of arms has been found in a house in the Kansanga
suburb two miles outside Kampala, Uganda Radio announced today. It said the arms,
which included grenades, rifles, rocket launchers, detonators, rounds of ammunition
and a stock of Ugandan army uniforms, were found hidden behind a false wall in a
house belonging to a man named as Dr. Kato. The radio gave no further details but
said the authorities were grateful.to the public which had cooperated with the secur-
ity forces to make the discovery of the arms cache possible. Meanwhile the Catholic
vernacular daily Munno reported today that the home of Roman Catholic Bishop Adrian
Dungu in the southern town of Masaka was searched last Wednesday by plainclothes
security men who said they were looking for two suspected rebels. The paper said that
the search lasted six hours but no one was arrested or. molested. One of the secur-
ity men who attempted to steal a considerable sum of money which the Bishop was
going to bank that morning was made to return it, the paper said. (A.F.P.) [Text]
[Paris AFRICA AFP in English 21 Sep 82 p 15]

cso: 3400/14

51



Anglican Church Official's Statement
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Sep 82 p 1

[Text] |. ROMAN Catholics in Africa must avert the imminent split
of the church over the detention of Archbishop Emma-

nuel Milingo in Rome.

|

i

cso:

This was said by Reverend
Emmanuel Lungu, synod
secretary of the house of
clergy
Church in Zambia.

Rev Lungu said in a statement
released in Ndola yesterday
certain church organisations
in Africa smacked of colo-
nialism as they had their
headquarters abroad.

Because of this they were
helpless to deal with import-
ant matters ‘such as the

of the. Anglican

own identity. ‘We are look-
ing forward to a time when
Africa will produce her own
pope, more cardinals, arch-
bishops, bishops and
priests.”

People who instigated the

removal of Archbishop
Milingo should know that
Christianity was not about
power and prestige but it
was about love, humility
and service.

plight ° of — Archbishop It was sad the Zambia Epi-
Church leaders in the Third cis eal Teen

World had a political role to detention in Rome ‘‘per-
vaplay in their countries. sonal and very delicate’’.

If the Party is supreme over He appealed to the Christian

all institutions, as we have ¢ Council of Zambia, the

been made to believe, then Zambia Episcopal Confe-

it is regrettable UNIP has
decided to wash its hands
off from the Milingo issue,”
Rev Lungu said.

The smear campaign now

rence, the .Pope’s repre-
sentative in Zambia Bishop
George Zur and the church’s
head in Africa His Eminence
Cardinal Otunga to sort out

going on_in the Roman Cardinal
Catholic Church about the cape PEODE. .
gifts of the holy spirit such et rina

as the healing powers of the
atchbishop should be stopp-
ed.

It was horrifying to see a big
church renown all over the
world for its scholars and
devotion to the welfare of
humanity treat Archbishop
Milingo in the way it was
doing.

_ Time had come for the church

~dn, Africa to create its own
identity.

“We should not be catbon

copies of what is happening

elsewhere, we have our own

culture and should have our

3400/30

undergoing ~ psychological
and exhaustive medical exa-
mination then the whole
Catholic Church desetves a
revolution because there is
more to this than meets
the eye.

“‘To accuse Archbishop Mi-
lingo of practising witchcraft
is an indelible blemish’ on
his character. It. makes
sympathetic reading.”

57



GABON

BRIEFS

ROK DOCUMENT SIGNED--The follow-up document to the talks recently held in
Libreville between Presidents El Hadj Omar Bongo and Chun Doo Hwan of South
Korea, at the time of the latter's official visit to our country (22-24 Au-
gust), was signed last Friday at the office of the secretary general of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation. The document was signed by
Sulvestre Ratanga for Gabon and countersigned for South Korea by His Excellency
Ham Tae-hyok, the ambassador from South Korea to Gabon. This document puts in-
to concrete form the talks between the Gabonese and Korean heads of state and
paves the way for the hope that they may see practical realization. [Text]
[Libreville L'UNION in French 13 Sep 82 p 4] 8946

i



JPRS 82020

19 October 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
No. 2705

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIBS

Major Problems of ECOWAS Examined, Solutions Recommended

(Julius 0. Ihonvbere; WEST AFRICA, 27 Sep 82) .....+ee-e 1
Briefs
MRU Trade Boom 4
CONGO
‘Memorandum of Understanding' on Trade With UK Signed
(WEST AFRICA, 27 Sep 82) ..sssecseeeee see eeeeeeee 5
Bongo Makes Official Visit to Brazzaville
(Claude Abdon Tchibinda; L'UNION, 22 Sep 82) .. 7
GABON
Final Communique of Gabon-Sao Tome Commission Meeting
(Ango Marcel, Evoung Bitegue; L'UNION, 21 Sep 82) ...... 9
Foundation Stone of PCR Medical Center Laid
(L'UNION, 11-12 Sep 82) .sccssccscccccccecccesssceeseees 10
Briefs
ROK Document Signed 11
GUINEA
Nature of French-Guinean Rapprochement Described
(Eddie Momoh; WEST AFRICA, 27 Sep 82) ..sccsssecseeveeee 12
IVORY COAST
Steady Industrial Expansion Forecast \
(AFRICA AFP, 28 Sep 82) ..cscccccccccceccceeeceeseeeseee 14

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



When the Minister rejected torture claims made in a memorandum early this year, he
ordered the CID to investigate the allegations.

However, the DPSC has alleged that a senior CID official appointed to investigate
the matter pointed out the possibility of a prosecution in the event of failure to
prove torture claims.

The official also asked that allegations made be confined to the past six months,
but the DPSC refused because some interrogators mentioned were still working for
the Security Police.

A spokesman for the committee said there was sufficient evidence to show that the
revised security legislation, incorporating the Rabie Commission safeguard pro-
posals, afforded no protection for detainees.

"Only the abolition of all detention-related legislation can end the widespread
horror of interrogation removed from public and judicial scrutiny," the statement
said.

The president of the SACC, the Rev Peter Storey, said that as long as there was a
system where detainees were placed in total control of jailers who worked outside
of public scrutiny, nobody would ever be sure what happened to them.

He said that, just as it might be impossible to prove allegations of torture, it
could equally.be impossible to disprove them, and therefore doubts would remain.

Dr Nthato Motlana, chairman of the Soweto Committee of Ten, said: "Those of us who
have been involved in the examination of recently released prisoners and detainees
have known over the years of the intolerable suffering these people have undergone.

"We have no doubt that those in authority are clearly aware of what is taking place.
Our fears are that these horrible deeds are carried out, if not with the express
permission of those in power, at least with their knowledge."

A spokesman for the Federation of South African Women (Fedsaw), Ms Amanda Kwadi,
praised the work done by the DPSC and said she hoped the truth about what went on
behind detention walls, would be known by all.

"I am convinced that people who made those statements can challenge anybody who
wants to deny that their allegations are untrue," she said.

Professor John Dugard, director for Applied Legal Studies and lecturer at the Uni-
versity of Witwatersrand, said the memorandum of the DPSC called for the Minister's
immediate explanation.

He said that for many years there had been suspicions that torture was practised

in detention. As long as the Internal Security Act permitted indefinite detention,
abuses of this kind would continue, he said.

32



REPORT ON VISIT TO ABUJA ONE MONTH BEFORE DEADLINE FOR MOVE

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3396, 6 Sep 82 p 2265

[Article by: David Ruddell:

[Text]

"Abuja at the Eleventh Hour"]

David Ruddell reports on a visit to the site of the new Nigerian Federal capital at

Abuja a month before the September 1982 deadline.

EVERYONE REMEMBERS The Prom-
ise: Abuja in September 1982. A promise
is an important thing — it can make or
break a government'’s political credibility.
And the political credibility of any govern-
ment becomes even more important in a
pre-election year. So what is the situation
with regard to the move to Abuja at this
‘Eleventh Hour’? Wilfit happen? Will it be
postponed? Is there any basis for the
Tumours about abandoning the whole pro-
ject?

‘Austerity’ has become a byword for
many of Nigeria’s present problems. The
apparent end of the great expansion boom
of the last decade, the terrific slow-down in
business, the masses of empty seats on
flights in and out of Nigeria, the non-
payment of huge accumulated debts by
both state and federal governments, are all
symptomatic of ‘austerity’, itself a much
more optimistic term than the ‘depression’
it attempts to disguise. And the forced
pre-occupation with ‘austerity’ has brought
with it recurring speculation about the
future of the new Federal Capital.

Consider the massive spending involved
in this ultimate of instant capitals. Alhaji
Tro Dan Musa, Minister for Federal Capit-
al Development, recently announced that
N717m. had already been spent, and the
estimated outlay in the really heavy build-
ing period between last year and 1986 was
budgeted at N2,500m.! Yet the Minister
announced at the same time that in spite of
various budgetary cuts, the. President had
been “very sympathetic, and (Abuja’s)
allocation is intact”.

Intact or not intact, nobody could doubt
that the construction of Abuja would be
affected by the wider results of the auster-
ity measures. For many firms, Abuja pro-
jects, even if paid for on time, cannot
cushion them from the wider results of the
slump. Delayed import licences, problems
with Form Ms, difficulties with Letters of
Credit, increasing numbers of bad debts,
and the general downturn in business have
already sent some of the more vulnerable
to the wall, and others are getting uncom-
fortably close. The massive construction
contractors’ market that Suleja (the old
Abuja, just outside the Federal Capital
Territory) has become over the last couple
of years, is wearing a particularly grey and
despondent look today. Yet still the more
resilient among that most resilient breed of
men — Nigerian contractors — are as
liable to make their fortunes from the new
Federal Capital as ever they were.

For Abuja is far from being a dead duck.
Speculation to that effect is either ignorant
or starkly political in motive. There is very
little doubt that President Shagari will
sleep in Abuja in September, and that this
year’s independence anniversary parade
will take place there on October 1 as
promised. Though the Presidential Com-
plex is only “nearing completion” (Abuja

Newspeak for “about half-way”) work was
recently progressing at a ferocious pace on
the Presidential Guest House, which has
been officially declared the temporary
Presidential Residence for the mean’

20

NIGERIA



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



fers’ rallies without ac-
Hknowledging the relevant
‘ educational authorities.

‘ It said his predecessors,
for example, never ac-
Seepted any invitation to
faddrss. teachers’ rallies
, Without an invitation by
“the TO itself and without
also acknowledging the
Administrator.

cso: 3400/31



rather left on the shelf; not much more
than a month after it had had its final
Reading Mr. Thaimu Bangura, who had
guided and guarded it through Parliament
ceased to Minister of Information.

It was hoped that wise second thoughts
had prevailed and that the Bill would be
allowed to sink into decent oblivion as an
unfortunate aberration, but now it has
been given an odious kiss of life, or at least
the Presidential signature, and rushed into
effect with papers having been required to
tegister by last Monday.

Obviously the Newspaper Amendment
Act was not aimed solely at The Tablet, as
other, more direct methods have been
employed to end that newspaper's produc-
tion in Sierra Leone. Since then, however,
new newspapers — definitely “vibrant” —,
have been appearing in Freetown which
have not been notable for gentle coverage
of such matters as corruption and nepot-
ism, but they may not have been able to
build up a reserve of 2,000 leones to pay, at
sudden notice, for registration, Minister
willing.

To quote from the final report of the
International Commission for the Study of
Communication Problems appointed by
UNESCO as a contribution towards the

cso: 3400/33

debate on a new world information and
communication order:

“There are varying ideas on the rela-
tionship between communication and pow-
er. One view is that information is a vital
instrument for keeping a check on author-
ity, and even a counterweight to power, in
that the mission of the media is to hold up a
mirror to governments. The contrasting
view is that information should be at the
service of the State ... Experience in
many countries since the end of World War
II certainly shows that the freedom of the
media is still a keystone of democratic
renewal.”

During the debate on the Newspaper
Amendment Bill one thoughtful back-
bencher suggested to the House that to
make the one-party system meaningful
there must be some moderate degree of
criticism and that one positive contribution
which individuals can make to progress and
development is to “dissent”, so as to
encourage the policy makers to think again
,in the interest of the people.

28



{the right to approach the
feourt for relief if these
‘bodies were not consulted
‘as provided for in the
*,1971 Act.

The judge said the kwa-
Zulu Government could
‘not, after the: issue of
Proclamation R121, have
‘tured for relief to the
*South African Govern-
=ment of the Mminister of
Co-operation and Devel-
‘opment.

Responsible

This was because they
‘were the parties respon-
sible for the issue of the
“proclamation without
prior consultation.— Sapa.

{Editorial: "Abandon It"]

Johannesburg SOWETAN 30 Sep 82 p 6

[Text] ‘SINCE we didn’t think anything of the idea of

the Government handing KaNgwane andj}
Ingwavuma over to Swaziland, we have no}
+ regret at the fact that the Government has {
£ just lost another court action over Ingwavu-!

“tt will be recalled that the Minister of Co-oper-|

i ation and Development, Dr Piet Koornhof,
“announced the Government’s decision in
June.

«Thousands of -Zulus, shouting insults and
booing, surrounded his car at Ulundi.
Ingwavuma would be excised from KwaZulu
and the administration of the district would
be taken over by his department, he-said:
ubsequently, about 1 600 shouting Zulus, in-
cluding the entire KwaZulu Cabinet, vowed
ta ‘oppose “until death” the Government’s
Jand transfer decision and Chief'Gatsha Bu-
thelezi warned of possible bloodshed.
-A--proclamation. placing Ingwayuma under
South African Government control was chal-
Jenged in court.

‘The judge ordered. that the district revert to
control-of the KwaZulu Government ‘pen-
ding a court action challenging the South
African Governmént’s decision to take’ over
the administration.

Although the judge said that a court on. the
return date might decide otherwise, he ruled
that the South. African Government’s action
was_.illegal on-the grounds that insufficient
-consultation had been ‘held with the KwaZi-
ju Government.

The Government anticipated the return daté
~. by issuing a fresh proclamation excising In-
wavuma from KwaZulu:
¥"The Prime Minister, Mr:PW Botha, said’ the
new proclamation “was issued to ensure sta-
bility, effective administration and good‘or-
a uma negotiations in connection
~ with the future of the area and it its People can
# . proceed freely.”
¥ The first: proclamation was ‘issued i i terms of
2, the Black States Constitution Act, the’ sec-
ond in terms of ‘the Black* Administration
2. Act.

The full Bench of the Natal’ $ Oop
~ reinstated KwaZulu’s control ‘of the area,
” saying.the new proclamation was ‘bad and
without effect because the’ State President
had éxceeded his powers.

"The Government, instead ‘of abiding by the
court’s decision, took the matter on appeal. _
‘The Department of Co-operation and Devel-
opment announced that the South African
Government: would remain in control pen-
ding the outcome.

wever, KwaZulu won its third major court
battle when the: full Bench of.the Natal Su-
=: preme Court ordered officials of the. Depart-
ment of Co-operation and Development to
© leave the Ingwavuma area, and also banned
the department-and the South African Gov-
ernment from interfering in the administra-
* tion of the area.

37



SENEGAL

DATA ON NATION'S ENERGY PROGRAMS, RESOURCES SET FORTH
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 20 Sep 82 p 5

[Article by Abdallah Faye: "Second Energy Saving Campaign Starts Tomorrow:
Priority Goes to Solar"]

[Text] The second national energy saving campaign begins tomorrow. In antici-
pation of that occasion, the minister of Industrial Development and Crafts ad-
dressed the Senegalese people last evening in a televised speech, to explain
the reasons that led the government to repeat the "feat" and at the same time
to report on the first campaign. What were the reasons? Oil costs entirely
too much. From 5 billion in 1974 Senegal's oil bill in the space of 8 years
has reached some 68 billion, which equals almost half of our export revenue.

And this rise in the price of oil is aggravated by the breathtaking increase in
our needs. Our national consumption went from 581,459 metric tons in 1974 to
785,104.2 metric tons in 1980.

It is a serious situation calling for swift action if we do not want the near
future to be even worse. The oil market being above all very complex, and the
factors that influence it being very difficult to control, it is therefore fit-
ting that we attack the increase in our bill, to prevent the risk of mortgaging
an excessive share of our export revenue, the principal inconvenience of which
would be that it would seriously compromise our overall development effort.

The government first set up a program for identifying all the energy resources
available to the nation; and the first results of that campaign are more than
encouraging.

Fifty million cubic meters of peat were brought to light in the Niayes. This
resource, hitherto unknown to the Senegalese people, has the triple advantage
of being utilizable equally well industrially, domestically and agriculturally.

Peat can be substituted for fuel to produce electricity. It is with this in
mind, moreover, that SENELEC [National Energy Exploitation Company] envisages
creating three years hence, as part of the expansion of its production facili-
ties, two 30-megawatt peat-operated power stations [text missing]. Peat is
said to be a high-quality fertilizer that can be used to rehabilitate the soil
of the Niayes.

23



CONGO

BONGO MAKES OFFICIAL VISIT TO BRAZZAVILLE
Libreville L'UNION in French 22 Sep 82 p 4

[Article by Claude Abdon Tchibinda: "Martin Bongo's Visit to the Congo: the
CEEAC Must Succeed'']

[Text] Minister of State. and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation
Martin Bongo recently made a four-day official visit to the People's Republic
of Congo, at the invitation of his Congolese counterpart, Pierre Nze.

During the visit the chief Gabonese diplomat visited the interior of the Congo,
in particular the cities of Impfondo, Ouesso in the north and Pointe-Noire, the
economic capital in the southern part of the country. The tour enabled him to
see Congolese economic developments, including the palm grove at the city of
Cuessso, which is over 25 years old, and the Pointe-Noire oil refinery, which
entered its productive stage just one month ago.

Minister of State Martin Bongo talked with Congolese leaders, notably with
Prime Minister Louis-Sylvain Goma and the president of the Republic,

Col Denis Sassou Nguesso, to whom he brought a message from his Gabonese coun-
terpart, His Excellency El Hadj Cmar Bongo.

The talk with Minister Pierre Nze was expanded to include the members of both
delegations. The two parties had an opportunity to mention aspects of the bi-
lateral cooperation, especially transportation and legal problems. On the lat-
ter point, we emphasize that Gabon and the Congo envisage concluding an accord
on legal matters. Relations between Gabon and the Congo are regulated by a
general cooperation agreement and an agreement creating the large Joint Cooper-
ation Commission, whose third session was held in Brazzaville.

Speaking of regional matters, the two ministers expressed their pleasure at the
cooperation between their countries in the Customs and Economic Union of Cen-
tral Africa. They expressed the desire for the plan to put in place the Eco-
nomic Community of Central African States to succeed without delay.

Martin Bongo and Pierre Nze consider this plan to be in accordance with the
Lagos plan of action, which is aimed at creating an African common market.

Concerning international economic relations, the two delegation heads were wor-
ried about the breathtaking deterioration in trade terms, the principal cause
of the developing countries' growing indebtedness.



PERFORMANCE OF PARASTATAL ORGANIZATIONS 'LAMENTABLE'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 Sep 82 p 2

[Text] | PERFORMANCE of parastatal organisations in the
- country have been lamentable because of “old
guards” who have resisted néw management

ideas.

Director of Manpower
| Services Board (MSB) Mr
? Chris Sibande said this in

Lusaka on Wednesday
* when he closed a three-week
f. middle management course
for parastatal chiefs.

He informed course _parti-
‘cipants drawn from Zambia

(ZCCM), the Zambia State
Insurance Corporation and

|. called new ideas ‘‘purely
academic”’ which was why the
| participants needed to press
hard for change in their
organisations.

“How else shall we know
that you benefited from the
course here? There is no other
way apart from seeing the
behavioural change in the
operations at places of work.””

Giving his own example
while at Contract Haulage as a
manager, “he said: ‘There
were ideas which I had
thought once introduced would
go a long way in revamping
the firm. But other people said
no, that is just mete academic.
We want real work here.”

Poor data collection and
| storage was another reason for

the poor performance © of
t parastatals.

cso: 3400/30

Consolidated Copper Mines _

Indeco that ‘‘the old guards” ~

~-Y€ was possible to bring
\ efficiency in the organisations
even in the face of those who |
feared change and the secret }
lay in doing ‘things with
caution.

Caution meant selling new
: management ideas by making
* them appear~ attractive
through proper explanations.

“There are certain .people
who get frustrated in the
process of bringing change
: due to bad approach. But as
' for you, do it with caution

through selling of ideas.””
; * On the course which was on
‘ management —_ information
services, he informed
participants ard an official,
the European Economic
| Community (EEC) that it was
meant to “whet” their
appetite and success depend-
ed on how they developed
their ideas,

59

ZAMBIA



SEPARATE CULTURE AND SPORT, SAYS HSRC

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 p 4

[Article by:

[Text]

THE RSA 20 Republic
Festival last year proved
sport and cuitural activi-
ties should not again be
combined because of pol-
itical and military conno-
tations.

This was one of the ma-
Jor recommendations con-
tained in the Human Sci-
ences Research Council’s
report after its two-year
investigation into sport in
South Africa.

The HSRC sub-commit-
tee investigating last

year’s festival found that”

South Africa’s heteroge-
neous population had split
into three factions during
the festival.

The smallest sector gave
full patriotic support, ‘an-
other remained nevtral,.
while a damaging third
sector openly opposed or
even arranged boycotts.

Derek Amoore]

With this in mind, the
sub-committee, headed by
the South African Olym-
pic and National Games
Association president, Mr
Rudolf Opperman, . pro-
posed the staging of separ-
ate cultural and festival
games. It also decided
against divorcing recrea-

tional sports and hobbies
from competitive sports.

‘ASouth African Games
should’ be- staged every
four years under the aus-
pices of the proposed
South - African Sports

Council, it recommended, _,,

In this regard, the
SASC would liaise with
SAONGA, which, if the
sub-committee’s proposal
was accepted, would
change its name to the
South African Olympic
Association.

It would be imperative
that such an event receive
its primary ” financial
backing from the Govern-
ment, followed by the pri-
vate sector ‘and then
sports bodies themselves,
itadded.

“*" Funds could also be ob-

tained from the sale of
commemorative _coins,
stamps and the institution
of some form of lottery in
line with overseas soccer
pools.

The report proposed
the ideal situation would

be a centralised venue for
all sports, besides those
needing facilities not ob-
tainable at the venue cho-
sen.

Sports Facilities Must Be Sited With Care, Says Report

SOUTH Africa’s internal
sports and recreational
future depends almost en-
tirely on where the coun-
try’s growing population
will live, the Human Sci-
ences Research Council’s
Teporton sport says. _

It emphasises that un-
less facilities are sited
with vision and care,
sportsmen could reap bit-
ter fruit in years to come.

The shortage of facili-
ties is enormous and the

cost of remedying that
lack is equally daunting,
thus giving more reason
for studied planning, the

Teport says.

4s

SOUTH AFRICA

This would add to the
prestige of future Games,
both from a national and
an international angle.

Summing up, the report
emphasises the’ Games as
having potential to unite -
all race groups in South
Africa, While costly, they
would lend weight to sta-
bilising South Africa.

The HSRC goes so far
as to propose that provis-
ion for sport and recrea-
tion in the future should
become the responsibility
of the Prime Minister’s
Advisory Council.



MEDIATION OF LABOR DISPUTES EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 82 p 4

[Text] “porT ELIZABETH. —

cso

‘The question of media-
tion as a dispute settle-
ment procedure. was ex- |
tense asc
meeting of trade union
leaders, industrialists

and academics in Port
Elizabeth this week.

Mr Andrew Kerr, recent-
ly-retired chief concilia-
tor of the advisory con-
ciliation and arbitration
service of the British
Department of Labour,
explained how the
mediation system had
been successfully oper-
ated in Britain.

Professor Roux van der
Merwe, head of the De-
partment of Industrial
Relations at the Univer-
sity of Port Elizabeth,
confirmed —_ yesterday
that the meeting had
taken place.

More moves:

“Construction discussions
were held in which both
trade unions and em-
ployers discussed some
of. the problems of re-

cent weeks.

3400/31

“A decision was taken in
favour of further moves
being made:to look into
the possibility of start-
ing a non-state media-
tion service in this coun-
try,” he said. -

Prof Van der Merwe said
the union leaders and
employers had been
able to discuss the. poli-
cies of mediation as a
dispute settlement pro-
cedure in South Africa.

He said the discussions
had given those present
a clear idea of what was
required and that there
was a role to be played
by mediation in indus-
trial disputes.

“The system of mediation
leaves parties entirely
free to negotiate their
own settlement ‘but it
uses a third party to
help should there be a
deadlock situation,”
Prof Van der Merwe
said.

Mediation had proved the
most successful system
in Britain where 80 per-
cent of disputes that

7

- Several

went to mediation. are
settled without strike
action being resorted to.

Difficulty

He said it was difficult to
comment on whether
the system could be suc-
cessfully used in this
country.

“There is a lack of avail-
able. mediators who
would be aceeptable to
. both parties.

“We are well aware of all
the obstacles that’ exit,”
hesaid.

He was not prepared to
disclose which unions
attended the meeting
because ‘negotiations
are at a very delicate
stage and I don’t want
to expose the trade
unions to flak from poli-

ticised groups in their

own unions.”

trade unions
which were invited to
attend had declined to
do so, he added. —
Sapa. .

SOUTH AFRICA



GABON

FOUNDATION STONE OF PRC MEDICAL CENTER LAID
Libreville L'UNION in French 11-12 Sep 82 p 1

[Text] Sino-Gabonese medical cooperation assumed a new dimension yesterday, 10
September, with the laying of the cornerstone for the Akebe-Belle-Vue Chinese
Medical Center. The colorful ceremony took place at approximately 1100, before
a large crowd.

Several important persons took part in the ceremony, notably Minister of Public
Health and Population Alexandre Sambat, the ambassador from the People's Repub-
lic of China to Gabon, Liu Yufeng, Secretary of State for Public Health

Dr. Norbert Ndong, the adviser to the head of state for medical affairs,

Dr Emmanuel Okouoyo, as well as several other officers from the Ministry of
Public Health and the Chinese Embassy.

The Chinese diplomat, the first speaker, began by recalling the excellent bi-
lateral cooperation existing between China and Gabon since the visit to that
great Asiatic country in October 1974 by Head of State Omar Bongo. It was on
that date precisely that the plan for cooperation in constructing the Chinese
hospital in Libreville was agreed upon. President Bongo, His Excellency

Liu Yufeng recalled, did not fail to follow the development of the plan him-
self, and intervened personally in settling problems related to its realiza-
tion.

Speaking in his turn, Minister Alexandre Sambat emphasized the importance of
the event which once more marks the strengthening, the development and the dy-
namization of the medical cooperation between China and Gabon.

The new Chinese hospital is to be built right in the heart of the Akebe-Belle-
Vue quarter and will cover an 8,700-square-met@ area, the area to be built on
being 3,200 square meters. When construction is completed there will be a con-
sultation service capable of receiving 300 patients per day. There will also
be services of general medicine, hospitalization, surgery, obstetrics and gyn-
ecology, pediatrics, otorhinolaryngology, radiology, ophthalmology, etc.

8946
CsO: 3419/8