cent; one can assume that the
lower-class whites exper-
ienced a relatively drastic
decline in living standards.

‘The Conservative Party is
mobilising lower-class
whites by using all the exclu-
sive symbols and rhetoric of
Afrikaner nationalism and
both the anti-black and anti-
capitalistic slogans once was
go effectively by the National
Part;

y-
‘The Freiburg typology is °
also no longer relevant for
the English-speaking politi-
cal opposition. At that time
.its political instrument was
the United Party, which was
a typical English club in the
tradition of the British Con-
servative Party, emphasising
“civilised government” and
“leadership with justice”.
There was an intimate re-
lationship between. the Eng-
lish business leadership, the
English-language Press and
the United Party. This rela-
tionship disintegrated in the
seventies as the South Afri-
can state began to experi-
ence a mounting political

crisis.

By the mid-seventies the
business community had
switched its support from the
ineffectual United Party,
with its confused policies, to
the Progressive Party.

Gordon Waddell, in an in-
terview just after the elec-
tion of 1977, indicated that 40
percent of funds came from
“major donors” and noted
that there had been a distinct
increase in the number of
major donors in the preced-
ing years. (In the three weeks
before the 1977 election the
Progressives were able
raise R700 000.)

In spite of its increased
support from “major do-
nors”, there does not exist the
same intimate relationship
between the Progressive
Federal Party and the busi-
ness community as was the
case in the fifties and sixties
between the United Party
and the business community.

For this there are several
interconnected reasons.

First, big business would
like to hedge its bets between
the Progressives and Mr PW
Botha as Prime Minister.

From a business point of
view Mr Botha is a distinct
improvement on his prede-
cessors. Business still hopes
that through discreet pres-
sure and lobbying it can

prompt Mr Botha to move
further on the reformist road.

Partly because the Nation-
alist majority in Parliament
is so overwhelming, business
at present is not prepared to
go beyond giving low-key
support to the Progressives.

Secondly, it is doubtful
whether business in general
agrees with the PFP fran-
chise policy, in which every
member of the black labour-
ing class would have an equal
vote with the white proper-
tied class, and in which the
only real protection of white
interests would be a minority
veto.

It is equally doubtful
whether business is enthusi-
astic about the Progressives’
economic policy announced
in October 1981. It straddles
bourgeois liberalism and so-

* cial democracy.

While strongly based on
the free enterprise system it
also supports “industrial de-
mocracy” with consideration
of profit-sharing schemes,
worker participation in deci-
sions and a basic minimum
wage.

The Financial Mail sound-
ed its displeasure by noting
that the PFP is “regrettably

nebulous” in its commitment
to free enterprise, and added:
“If it were as uncompromis-
ing in this respect as it is on
its stand against racism, and
prepared to repudiate loose
talk of social democracy;
many businessmen would be
a lot more comfortable in
their support for the party”.

‘The third reason why there
is not a “clubby” atmosphere
between the Official Opposi-
tion and its business support-
ers is a mixture of personal
and ethnic factors.

Dr Van Zyl Slabbert is a
typical Afrikaner intellectu-
al of the new generation in
the sense that he neither har-
bours a fear or contempt of
big business nor is he keen on
socialising in clubs or on the
cocktail circuit.

Not having too cosy a rela-
tionship with business is im-
portant with respect to two
constituencies which may be-
gin to’ see Dr Slabbert as
someone who, in the not too
distant future, may play an

important mediating role be-
tween capitalist interests,
Afrikaner nationalism and
black nationalism.

The one constituency is
Afrikaner intellectuals,

55

professionals and business-
‘men; the other is the subordi-
nate black population.

In the South African politi-
cal system the PFP has to
play a difficult dual role. On
the one hand it is in the white
parliamentary game trying
to persuade whites of the
need for fundamental
reform.

On the other hand it has to
play an extra-parliamentary
role, trying to build mutual
confidence with the disfran-
chised communities, talking
to all who believe in
negotiation.

Inthe parliamentary party
of the PFP it is necessary to
conciliate those in the bour-
gebis liberal (free enterprise)
camp, and those in the social
democracy camp; those who
believe only in individual
rights, conceived in a strictly
legalistic manner, and those
who believe in the more
vague but potent notion of
group rights; those who take
a purist line with respect to
compromise with the Nation-
alists, and those who would
be prepared to sacrifice
some principles in order to
share in the spoils of power.

‘The PFP continually has
to defend itself against both
black and white nationalists
who either Write jt off as in-
significant or as’ dangerous
because it is seen as diluting
the white-black struggle and
as traitors to the cause.

Such a party can hardly
have an establishment in the
normal sense of the word. It
is a party which will only
stay together and make pro-
gress if it is led by a man of
remarkable personal quali-
ties and intellectual re-
sources — like Dr Van Zyl
Slabbert.

Both the National Party
and the PFP stand in danger
of losing their establish-
ments; judged by what is hap-
pening in the church and
teachers’ congresses the
National Party may well lose
its cultural establishment, on
which Dr Treurnicht has a
major claim,

‘The PFP in turn may lose
part of its business establish-
ment. It had to fight the 1981
election on basically the
same funding as the 1977
election and there is no evi-
dence of large business con-
tributions pouring into the
party's coffers.

Big business support for



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ZAPU BAN SOUGHT--HARARE (Zimbabwe)--Zimbabwe's leading daily newspaper, the
Herald, yesterday called for the banning of the opposition Zapu Party and the
imprisonment of all its leaders for alleged anti-Government activities. The
Harare newspaper, controlled by the State-owned Mass Media Trust, said in an
editorial that evidence had shown Mr Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African Peoples'
Union was "behind the current wave of banditry and lawlessness in certain parts
of the country." It also observed that the Minister of State for Security,

Mr Emmerson Munangagwa, this week identified Zapu members as allegedly respon-
sible for an armed attack on the official residence of the Prime Minister,

Mr Robert Mugabe, on July 24. "If Zapu is involved, as every Minister says,
why is its leadership still loose ...?" the newspaper asked. "Our view has
always been ... that if Zapu is involved, it should be locked up. Is the Gov-
ernment afraid to do that?" [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul
82 p 15]

cso: 4700/1610 END

119



The facts indicate that the problem of the placement services' inability to fill
employment requests will continue for a while if the influx of people into the
city from rural areas continues.

Some Causes

In southern Mozambique particularly, work in the fields is deprecated and lacks
social status and this must be taken into account. Another, no less important
factor is the crisis in agricultural production because of the lack of farm
workers and the resulting breakdown in marketing agricultural goods.

These factors, linked to the shortage of consumer goods, gave rise to the
growing recourse to employment in the city.

A fundamental factor in this migration is, however, the reduction in the
migratory movement to the mines of South Africa. Those who at times left the
fields for the mines now are going to the city where they swell the marginal
population, causing unemployment.

9479
CSO: 4742/344

21



JPRS 81526

12 August 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2674

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



TRUCK TIRE PRODUCTION AT DUNLOP DECLINES 25 PERCENT

Lusaka

[Excerpt]

cso:

4700/1619

PRODUCTION of. truck
tyres at Dunlop has
gone down by 25 per
cent, managing direc-
tor Mr Tjeerd Visser
said in Ndola at the
weekend.

This was because the
company,in the last 12
months, had reduced
working hours because of
lack of foreign exchange.

Mr Visser said this at the
presentation of Labour Day
awards to 38 workers who had
served in the company for ten
years and one who had clocked
20 years.

Minister of State for Culture
Mr Cosmas Chibanda,
Member of Parliament for
Chiwala Mr Eno Juma Banda
and other Party and Govern-
ment officials attended the
ceremony.

Mr Visser said despite the
help the company received
from various sectors Dunlop
lost 25 per cent on truck tyres
business.

“This caused an acute

115

TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 19 Jul 82 p 2

shortage on the market and
severe problems to vital
industries.””

The company still had not
received an import licence for
the second half of this year and
no foreign exchange has been
obtained to finance shipments
of raw materials which have to
cover the requirements in the
second half of August.

“Under such circumstances
it is very difficult to divert any
of our materials to exports. So
our export drive which started
so successfully last year had
to be discontinued,"’ he said.

Dunlop faced a challenge in
the improvement of the quality
of its products and its use of
valuable raw materials, mea-
sures were taken to reduce
levels of scrap and waste.

This year Dunlop found a
local supplier of zinc oxide
which will enable it to save
thousands of Kwacha in
foreign exchange every year.

The company has embarked
on the production of rear
tractor tyres which will help
K300,000 to K400,000 in
foreign exchange. This was
to keep in step with the lima
programme.

ZAMBIA


SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK WOMEN TAKE TO FAMILY PLANNING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 10

ning methods — but
frequently without the
knowledge of their hus
bands.

A survey completed
by Mr Rudolph van der
Merwe of the Human
Sciences Research
Council has revealed
that virtually all Black
women in urban areas:
in South Africa are now
familiar with modern
methods of family plan-
ning. .

But, Mr Van der
Merwe established,
very often contracep-
tive methods are being
used by the women
without the knowledge
of their husbands.

He said yesterday
that the probable
reason for this was that
the women hesitated to

4700/1611

the men would disap-
prove.

“This shows that
there is still a lack of
communication be-

wives on the subject of
family planning,” he
said. -

Nevertheless, about
six percent of the
women quizzed in two
surveys conducted said
they believed that their
husbands would not
“disapprove” if they
brought up the subject.

In research in the Da-
veyton area of Benoni
Mr Van der Merwe said
he had established that
about two of every five
women used some or
other form of modern
contraception.

_Of the women ques-

64

been sterilised.

This pattern might
differ from one place to
another as clinics did
not follow a uniform
policy on providing con-
traceptives.

He said he found that
a considerable number
of pregnancies weré not
planned — with more
than 20 percent of the
women stating that
their last pregnancy
had not been welcome.

Among men, about
six in 10 said that they
were in favour of mod-
ern contraceptives. -

“The most positive at-
titude on this was
found particularly
among younger men,
those with a higher
educational level and
men with a higher total

‘family income.

The survey among
the women had shown


short of the bloodbath that many commentators pre-
dict. The outgoing American ambassador — optimistic
perhaps — may also have had a point when he predicted:
‘Peaceful evolution is out. Violent revolution is out.
Violent revolution is in.” The ground between the two
extremes is held now by trade unions. (For a breakdown
of groupings, see footnote’).

‘At the outset, however, their size should not be ex-
aggerated. It is the rapidity of growth that has been
impressive, from 16,000 black African trade union
members in 1969, up to 59,000 in 1975, passing 300,000
in 1980. But that only accounts for around 6% of
blacks, excluding domestic and agricultural workers.
active in the cash economy. (White trade union figures
have remained fairly static, up from about 426,00 in
1969 to about 446,000 today). The increase of strikes
remains remarkable, doubling from 1979 to 1980, nearly
doubling again last year. Statistics for this year are un-
available, but we expect another sharp increase in the
coming half-year as the Western recession begins to bite
into the South African economy.

Perhaps more significant than mere size of member-
ship is the success of certain unions in some key areas
of the economy, especially those requiring skilled
labour who cannot easily be fired and replaced in time
of industrial unrest. The leading union in the motor
industry, for instance, the National Automobile and
Allied Workers Union (NAAWU) reckons that over
40% of all car workers are unionised, including 80% at
Volkswagen, 65-70% at Ford (both in the highly politi-
cised Port Elizabeth area) and 60% at General Motors.
The muscle of skilled black labour can only increase,
given the notable shortage of manpower in areas such
as electrical and chemical engineering, where personnel
shortages of 22 and 16% have recently been disclosed.

The key area where black trade unionism has not
taken off is in mining, but even here a significant if at
first necessarily slow growth can be expected. The
Chamber of Mines recently gave the go-ahead to Chilean
Motha’s Black Mineworkers Union to undertake re-
cruitment on the mines, though it will be up to the com-
“panies to decide whether to allow access to premises.
Recent disturbances on the Witwatersrand, leaving at
least seven miners dead, underline the need for
mechanisms through which to channel and redress
workers’ grievances. De Beers’ diamond mines at
Kimberley already have around 2000 diamond workers
unionised, but in the gold industry generally there is no
trade unionisation at all. The vast majority of mine
Jabour is still migrant, of which about 40% are foreigners?
— hence their extreme vulnerability to threats of dis-
missal from management should they step out of line.
But this is the next key area for union commentators
to observe. It is noteworthy that some industrial unions
previously confined to white-only membership are
attracting blacks under the new rules — for instance the

75



GHANA

ENVOY TO LIBYA DENIES ACCOUNTS CONFISCATED
AB310919 Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 31 Jul 82

[Text] Ghana's ambassador designate to Libya, Col Jeff Asmah, has met the
Ghanaian community in that country, Also at the meeting was Mr Kwamena Ahwi,
a member of Ghana's delegation to the OAU ministerial council's session.
They briefed the Ghanaians on events in Ghana.

The Ghanaians expressed concern about the freezing of accounts in excess of
50,000 cedis and alleged confiscation of goods brought in by Ghanaians
returning home from abroad. Colonel Asmah and Mr Ahwi denied that accounts
exceeding 50,000 cedis had been confiscated by the government. The account
had merely been frozen to allow an investigation to be conducted into how
the monies were acquired. It is also to ensure that their owners fulfil
their tax obligations, They advised Ghanaians who are facing difficulties
because of the freezing of their assets to write to the defreezing committee,
Parliament House in Accra, through the attorney general's department.

On the importation of cars into the country, Colonel Asmah and Mr Ahwi

assured the Ghanaians that what the PNDC [Provisional National Defense Council]
is doing is only trying to enforce all laws and regulations. The Ghanaians
were advised to familiarize themselves with the current law on vehicle
standardization. They should also be prepared to pay duty on personal effects
to bring home in excess of what is allowed for domestic use.

cso: 4700/1632

n


Large-scale unemployment in South Africa would be

he said.

South Africa did not have a national unemployment system which could check

social unrest caused by high and continued unemployment.

South Africa would rather have to find her own unique solution, a delicate

balance of a wide-ranging number of factors.

“I am convinced that
a cold economic winter
can be good for South
Africa. Just as in
nature, it will rid us of
many pestilences,” he
said. .

Dr De.Loor said in

the past, upward econ-:

omic trends had lasted
26 months, followed by
a downward movement
lasting 16 months.

This time, however,
he thought it would last
between 20 and 24
months, As the current
downward trend was
regarded as having
started in August last
year, this means it
could last for the rest of
this year and most of
next year as well.

Dr De Loor painted a
gloomy picture and
forecast that “the
pressure on trained la-
bour would ease, but
unemployment would
increase, especially
among . lesser-trained
employees.”

@ Share prices, profits

and fixed property

prices would stagnate
or drop further.

cso: 4700/1611

70

@ The inflation rate —
running at 16,5 percent
from May 1981 to May
this year — would re-
main high this year and
next.

@ The balance of pay-
ments deficit would not
be much lower than
R4 000-million this
year. ~

ior you and me this
means only one thing:
Our real available in-
come, that is, our stan-
dard of living in South
Africa, cannot show
any signs of improve-
ment this year or next,”

che said. -

He also pointed out
that gold earnings had
dropped from about
R14 700-million to
R7 300-million in two
years, the country’s ex-
port markets had weak-
ened, the nett gold and
foreign reserves fell in
the first quarter of the
ear by Rl 400-million
and the rand had depre-
ciated by 22 percent
against other curren-
cies in the last 18
months.

too high a price to pay,


DIA Approach Guarded

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 82 p 3

[Text]

WINDHOEK: The
Democratic Turnhalle Al-
iance was guarded in its
approach yesterday to the
announcement that all par-
ties involved in negotia-
tions on the future of SWA
had agreed on con-
stitutional principles for the
independence of the Ter-
ritory.

“As far as we are con-
cerned, there is not really
anything new in the an-
nouncement, other than
that Swapo have accepted
the principles — which we
accepted something like six
months ago,” a DTA
spokesman said in
Windhoek.

“But whether — the
Western powers can ac-
tually succeed in getting
Swapo to the polls still re-
mains to be seen. In the
meantime, we'll continue to
watch developments close-
ly,” he added.

The DTA was,
nevertheless, “reasonably
optimistic” about latest
developments and believed
that some ground had at
least been gained in efforts
to resolve the SWA dis-
pute.

The Leader of the DTA
and Chairman of the
Ministers’ Council, Mr
Dirk Mudge, was not im-
mediately available for
comment.

Kosie's Denial
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 82 p 3

[Text] WINDHOEK: As long as the internal SWA parties
were ignored in negotiations on the Territory’s in-
dependence, the current western initiative remained a
“futile exercise,” which was biased in Swapo’s favour,
Aktur said yesterday.

The party was commenting in a statement on the an-
nouncement by the five Western Nations involved in ef-
forts to bring SWA nationhood, that all parties con-
‘cerned had agreed on constitutional principles for in-
dependence — a statement that Aktur strongly denied.

“] wish to state clearly that Aktur has not accepted
Phase 1 (of the Western Settlement Plan), as is now be-
ing claimed, and we know nothing at all about the details
of Phase Il,” the leader of Aktur, Mr Kosie Pretorius,
said.

cso: 4700/1618

28



VOLKSWAGEN CAR PLANT PLANS TO RE-OPEN

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

WHILE Volkswagen
was preparing yester-
day to reopen its par-
alysed plant in Uiten-

hage today after a”

work stoppage a week
«ago by 5 000 workers,
Ford and General
Motors in Port Eliza-
beth appeared to be in
no hurry and only aim
at reopening early
next week. :
Both companies have
already announced that
they were working out
schedules to reactivate

the plants, but gave no.
indication of when this”

would happen.
WAITING

The director of public
affairs at Ford, Mr Dun-
bar Bucknall, said yes-
terday that the company
was waiting to be in-
formed by the National
Automobile and Allied
Workers’ Union
(Naawu) when their
members would be

4700/1611

ready to return to work.
The company was
hoping that the union
would do this at the In-
dustrial Council meeting
today, said Mr Buck-
nall.

* Volkswagen an-
nounced on Tuesday
that it intended reacti-
vating its plant gradually
today and tomorrow,
and that they were.
hoping to be in full oper-
ation on Monday. They
will accommodate all
workers who were on
strike but work hours
will be changed to bal-
ance production. |

However, Ford and
General Motors
appeared to be hoping
that a settlement would
be reached before Mon-
day on the wage dispute
which caused a walkout
of more than 5 000
workers at their plants.

- ADVISE
A spokesman for

99

SOUTH AFRICA

General Motors saic
yesterday that the com-
pany would advise
Naawu today when
workers should return
for the reopening of its
plant.

Although official
comment could be ob-
tained from the compa-
nies on this aspect, it has,
been learnt reliably that
they preferred to wait
until after three sched-
uled further Industrial
Council meetings sched-
uled for today and to-
morrow on the wage dis-
pute.

The workers had,
however, already de-
‘cided at a mass meeting
held on Monday that
they wanted to return to
work and had proved
this by turning up for
work in their thousands
for the past two days
only to find the gates of
the premises locked.


cso:

4700/1617

expenditure available for Fiscal Year 1982/83, as
summarised below, do not reflect any policy
changes, nor do I intend to have the Bill before
you form the basis of fiscal policy in 1982/83.

BUDGET OPERATIONS, 1982/83
In Million

Recurrent Revenue ...
Recurrent Expenditure ..
Deficit...
Grants/Development Receipts
Interest on Debt...
Development Estimates ... .
Overall Deficit .... ves 236.7

With total expenditure estimated at Le480m.
against revenue plus grants of Le243.3m., the
deficit works out at an alarming Le236.7m.

Any attempt to finance such a deficit through
the traditional means of taxation and bank
borrowing will not be acceptable. It is impera-
tive that we go back to the drawing board and,
with the co-operation of all concerned, come
back with more realistic estimates.

In the interim, however, the services cf
government must continue. It is for this reason
that I intend, now that the Appropriation Bill
has been presented to this house, to defer the
second and third reading and seek a resolution
... Which would permit me to authorise the
withdrawal of moneys from the Consolidated
Fund for the purposes of meeting expenditure
necessary to carry on the services of the Govern-
ment in respect of the period expiring four
months from the beginning of the 1982/83 fiscal
year. Before the expiration of this period, I shall
present amended estimates of revenue and
expenditure to the House which, I hope, will
reflect greater realism, take into cognisance the
limits of our resources, and set the pace for
economic transformation

Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members, I wish to
crave your understanding and support for this
decision which I have taken after very careful
consideration and exhaustive consultations. I
believe it is in the best interest of this nation that
such a move to taken, so that we can embark on
the process of economic reform. I must warn,
however, that by no means would all the issues,
that need to be addressed, be resolved by the
mere presentation of a revised budget for
1982/83. Laying the foundation of lasting im-
provement in economic performance is not a
quick or easy process. But we cannot afford
further delay. The time to start is now.

I would like to say in closing that for us to turn
the financial and economic situation around
would require very difficult choices and a strong
political commitment to economic reforms. We
do not have any painless solution in hand; but
with determination and persistence I am certain
we shall overcome.

35



Bleeding

This continued for about an hour. During that time Warrant Officer Deetlefs
hit her once in the face with an open hand.

Later the investigating officer returned and she was allowed to go to the toilet.
She found that the rectal lesion for which she was receiving treatment had
started bleeding.

"T was in a considerable state of shock by that time. I had never been assaulted
before, especially by a man," she said.

Plug

Later Warrant Officer Deetlefs brought an electric kettle cord into the interro-
gation room and said: "We can use other methods."

He plugged in the connection, put the cord under a mat and placed a steel chair
on top of the mat. He did not switch on the plug.

The court was told that the following day the cord was still in the same posi-
tion and Miss Hogan showed it to one of the policewomen.

That night she found
her bed and mattress
had been removed from
her cell, she said. She
had to sleep on a mat.

She was also alle-
Sedly told, that the se-
curity police “would
turn me into a veg-
etable.”

Cabbage

“They said I could
choose between a car-
rot or a cabbage. I was
told that Warrant Offi-
cer Deetlefs was an ex-
pert at psychology and
that they wouldn’t
wreck me physically but
psychologically.”

The next day she was
taken to the district
surgeon. warrant Offi-
cer Van der Merwe,
who had been conduct-
ing the investigation,
came to her and apo-
logised and said if it
had been in his power
he would have prevent-
ed the assault on her.

On the way to the
doctor, Warrant Officer
Deetlefs warned her
not to report the as-
sault, she said.

Hysterical
She had been going to

the doctor regularly for
treatment and _pre-
sumed that October 23
was the day for her
next visit.

She was in an hysterical
state when she reached
the doctor’s rooms, she
said. Shehad bruises on
the side of her face and
under her eyes.

“I started crying and he
told me to strip com-
pletely, and noted down
the other bruises. He
brought in another doc-
tor to verify the brui-
ses.” _

She begged the doc-

tor not to put anything ~

about an assault on the
report as it would be
handed to the Security
Police.

When she was asked
what was wrong she
told the doctor she had
been told not to say she
had been assaulted.

Train

Under cross-exami-
nation Mis Hogan de-
nied that she had cried
because of her mental
anxiety about whether
to tell the truth or not.
She conceded she had
on occasion used tran-

60

quillisers.

The fact that Major
A Cronwright had torn
up her statement say-
ing that it was irrele
vant had not contrib-
uted towards her

mental strain, she told

the court.

There was apparently
no reason for the as-
sault she said She
thought violence was
part of a pattern of in-
terrogation the police
used.

On another occasion
she was interrogated
for 24 hours.

Complaint

She was then remov-
ed to Vereeniging
where a security police-
man walked in during
an interview with a visi-
ting magistrate. She
was unaware that the
man who visited her
every day was the sta-
tion’ commander and
that she could have
complained to him.

The Vereeniging
magistrate had said
what happened to her
at John Vorster Square
was out of his area of
jurisdiction.



STERRA LEONE

FINANCE MINISTER'S BUDGET SPEECH REPORTED
London WEST AFRICA in English 12 Jul 82 p 1801, 19 Jul 82 pp 1866-67

[12 Jul 82 p 1801]

[Text]

RECENT economic activity in the industrialised
countries has been characterised by declining
rate of growth in real Gross National Product
(GNP). Average growth in these countries has
declined significantly and is expected to fall even
further, to less than 1 per cent during 1982. This
decline in output has been accompanied by
rising unemployment. The major contributory
factor here has been the restrictive stance of
financial policies adopted as an anti-inflationary
device since the end of the 1970s, particularly
high interest rates and various impediments to
the free flow of trade.

‘A combination of a deepening economic
recession and restrictive financial policies in the
industrialised countries has had a very adverse
impact on the economic growth of all developing
countries especially non-oil producing countries.
Largely as a result of the world recession, the
volume of international trade has tended to
decline. This has had an adverse impact on
commodity prices which have continued to
decline in the last year.

In addition, high and volatile interest and
exchange rates of major currencies have serious-
ly increased the burden of servicing the external
debt of developing countries at a time when
their export earnings were being seriously
eroded by the deterioration in commodity prices
and the overall terms of trade

Thus, countries such as Sierra Leone were
caught between the blades of a vicious economic
scissors. One blade cut deeply into their exports
while the other pressed into their foreign ex-
change reserves and borrowing capacity. Add to
this the growing disenchantment with conces-
sionary aid levels and you will realise that the
process of adjustment for most African coun-
tries will be a very painful one

It may be appropriate, at this juncture, to
make a statement on the extended arrangement
agreed with the International Monetary Fund in
March, 1981. Shortly after it became operative,
the programme ran into problems revolving
around difficulties in meeting agreed program-
me criteria. By the end of the 1980/81 fiscal year,
the arrangement became inoperative and gov-

ernment requested a formal cancellation in
April, 1982. Discussions, however, continue
with the Fund on the basis of formulating a
programme of further balance of payments
support.

Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members, let me
take this opportunity to acknowledge with
thanks the support and assistance which we have
received and continue to receive, not only from
the IMF, but from other international agencies
and friendly nations.

Performance in the domestic economy during
the 1981/82 year was disappointing in many
respects. Real growth in the economy has
stagnated, if not actually declined, as a consequ-
ence of poor performance of the major sectors
‘of the economy

In the mining sector, there is evidence of
further decline in recorded diamond production.
especially purchases under the Alluvial Dia-
mond Mining Scheme. During 1980/81, total
purchases from alluvial mining amounted to
267.3 thousand carats. On the basis of returns
received for the first nine months of the 1981/82
fiscal year. total diamond production is not
expected to exceed 340 thousand carats, of
which the contribution of alluvial mining is
estimated at no more than 170 thousand carats.
The value of diamond exports is likewise esti-
mated to fall by over 30 per cent to about
Le60m.

The declining output in the diamond industry
is, no doubt, partly a consequence of the
depletion of easily accessible alluvial deposits
over the years. This has had the effect of raising
the cost of production at a time of weak world
prices, thus eliminating small-scale operators. In
addition, a factor of special importance in the
case of both diamonds and gold, is the increase
in smuggling due to the extreme shortage of
foreign exchange experienced in recent months.

In the other areas of the mining sector, output
of bauxite is expected to fall to about 560
thousand metric tons from 694 thousand metric
tons in 1980/81. The volume and value of
bauxite exports are, however, estimated to rise
to 629 thousand metric tons worth Le12.4m.,

31


SOUTH AFRICA

ALLEGED ANC TERRORIST ADMITS ATTACK ON POLICE STATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 p 4

{Article by Dan Marais]

[Text]

ONE of the three alleged African National Congress terrorists stand-
ing trial for allegedly taking part in terrorist activities, Mr Jerry
Semano Mosololi, said in a statement read out to Mr Justice E J
Curlewis in the Pretoria Supreme Court yesterday, that he was in-

volved in attacks on the

Capital Park power station.

He also said he put
explosives on the:
railway line between
Johannesburg and
Soweto near New Ca-
nada.

He said he lft Dube in
1976 and went to An-
gola where he received
military training in the
use of weapons and ex-_
plosives. Later he was
sent to East Germany
for more intensive

training. .

On his return he and
another man _ put
charges of TNT under
the railway line. Only
one of them exploded
causing considerable
damage to the line.

Attack

With a number of
other ANC men, he
lived in an underground
base at Hammanskraal.
Three of them were in-
structed to launch the
attack on the Capital
Park power station.
They cut holes through
two. fences which sur-
rounded the installa-
tion and attached a
number of limpet mines
to transformers.

Their next major of-
fensive was the attack
on a police station at
Wonderboompoort
which was planned for

CSO: 4700/1611

December 26: 2

~~ A team of five was in-
* structed to go to the

target area and they
were fully armed with
AK47 machineguns,
hand grenades and a
bazooka.

Pot shots

Leaving one of the
men to guard the gates,
they first took a num-
ber of pot: shots at
policemen who were sit-
ting outside the build-
ing before they stormed
into the charge office.
It was found to be
empty and then they at-
tacked the rest of the
station using machine
guns and hand gre-
nades.

After the attack they
decided to burn the car
they had used because
they were afraid the
police would find their
fingerprints on it.

After returning to

heir base on an island

in the Apies River at
Hammanskraal, they
were arrested by a num-
ber of policemen who
had surrounded the
hole in which they lived.

Stumbied
Mr Mosololi said he
noticed an old’man who
was looking for lost cat-
tle and he had stumbled

63

police station at Wonderboompoort and the

on their hiding place.

While Mr Mosololi
was still inside the hole
he heard a shot going
off and noticed a police-
man who was trying to
climb into the hole. He
told him not to shoot
him as he promised to
come out.

A confession made by
another of the accused,
Mr Thelle Mogoerane,
was allowed as evidence
in the case and can be
used against him.

Objected

In a trial within a tri-
al, Mr Jack Unterhalt-
er, SC, defending the
accused had objected
against the admissibili-
ty of the confession as
evidence. .

Mr Justice Curlewis
said that his version of
severe police brutality
was found to be most
improbable and was re-
jected by the court.

The judge said that a
police officer, Captain
Gert Visser, who was
made out to be a merci-
less sadist had in fact
treated Mr Mosololi
fairly in spite of the
fact that he had once vi-
ously attacked him.

The trial continues
today.


SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

REFRIGERATORS TO ZAIRE--SOUTH African-developed commercial refrigerators that
run on standard domestic 2-phase electricity of 220/240 volts (as opposed to
industrial fridges running on 3-phase power) are being exported to Zaire.

These fridges--launched in 1980 by Rogers Refrigerators of Kew--were first
developed by Roger Inns, who founded the manufacturing company with Dennis
Ehrke and financial backer Jim Boswell, son of the Boswell circus founder.
Today the company turns over R720 000 a year, marketing primarily to delicates-
sens, corner cafes and the black supermarkets. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY
TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 5]

WEST GERMAN INVESTMENT--SOUTH Africa now ranks llth in the list of accumulated
West German investment overseas, says an International Herald Tribune survey.
South Africa finds itself ahead of Israel, Australia, Iran, Japan, Singapore,
Libya, Nigeria and Algeria, but behind the Canary Islands, where most of West
German investment goes on tourism. The US, France and Holland show the big-
gest increase in German investments for 1979-80, while South Africa is on a
par with Spain, Canada and Brazil in terms of increase in investment. [Text]
[Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 5]

ICODEV COAL ALLOCATION--THE little-known International Coal Development (Ico-
dev) has leapt into prominence among significant coal exporters with its pro-
visional allocation this week of 2-million tons a year for Richards Bay phase
4. Alan Tew, formerly MD of the Transvaal Coal Owners Assocation and leading
personality in the SA coal industry, arrives in Johannesburg this week to head
the operation. Icodev, formed in 1979 to acquire substantial steam coal re-
serves in the Belfast, Carolina and Breyten areas of the Eastern Transvaal,
is to produce steam coal for export primarily to the Italian market. Its main
beneficiary shareholder is Agip Coal of Milan, part of ENI, the Italian state
energy company and among the largest groups in Europe. In a new expansion

of SA institutional interests in the coal industry, a significant minority
participation in Icodev is being acquired by Bankorp, the Sanlam-controlled
listed company which controls Senbank Trust Bank and Mercabank. Most of Ico-
dev's production will be by opencast methods, the total capital required to
bring the mine to production being estimated at R50 an annual ton or a total
of about R100-million in today's money. The fact that the mine will play a
significant role in stimulating the Carolina area and also that the coal will
largely be tied to the Italian market, providing some stability and security
in the now-uncertain international coal markets, appear to have been the main
reasons for the company's success in getting its relatively high allocation.
[Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 5]

100



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON POSTPONEMENT OF COUNCIL ELECTIONS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p 8

[Editorial:

[Text]

"Elections" ]

IT’S OFFICIAL. Most: community
councils, including the Soweto
Council, will postpone their elec-
tions for another year. This means
townships will be under the steward-
ship of councils for a year to come-
and we hope those ambitious people
who have been surreptiously work-
ing themselves into standing for
elections will bethink themselves.
We think we have had enough

from those voices out in the wilder-.
ness that are trying hard to sneak

themselves back into some limelight

by joining the councils. What sick- ©

ens further is the fact that these

same people were at first virulently -

against the councils, but it seems
they have been looking out for the
first chance to get themselves in
there. Their reasons are vague and
some of the arguments advapsed are
distinctly cynical.

cso: 4700/1615

41

We believe we cannot do worse
than bear under our present medi-
ocre crew of councillors. They have
sold out and should be left to bear
the responsibilities that will most
certainly come when they get the so-
called increased “powers”.

There are people — and one tends
to believe them — who say these
men and women are not-simply out
for political power but have other
ulterior motives that see them now
so keen to enter councils.

We have our present councils and
there is the indisputable fact that we
depend on them for some of our
needs. This does not mean they have
our confidence or that they have
credibility. :

So those people who have been so
keen to join have been surely fixed
up by this delay- and serve them
right, we say.



REPATRIATION OF ZIMBABWEAN WORKERS REPORTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p 10

{Article by Norman Ngale]

[Text]

cso:

SOUTH AFRICA

A. DECISION by the “Zimbabwean Government to have nothing to do
‘with deals between South Africa and the then Rhodesia has led to a move
by the RSA to repatriate more than 20 000 Zimbabweans.

" Spokesman for the %

Department for Co-op-
eration and Devel

opment, Mr J Oostehui- -

zen revealed this to The.

SOWETAN in an inter- ;

view at the department's
headquarters inPretoria.

Mr: Oostehuizen said
this started on February
6, 1981, when Mr Kum-
birayi Gangayi, Minister

“of Labour and_ Social
Services for Zimbabwe
announced that his Gov-
ermment would not re-
new a licence for the re-

_eruitment of mine la-

= bourerse >

Mine labour in Zim-
babwe and other neigh--
bouring states has long
been recruited through
the employment bureau
of (KwaTemba) an in-
dependent Johannes-
burg based recruiting
company.

An agreement on
other categories of la-
bour entered into be-
tween the RSA and the
then Rhodesian Gov-
ernment on a five yearly.
basis has also not been
renewed, according to
the spokesman.

4700/1615

‘

“All this has pur

South Africa in a diffi-
cult position because
you cannot have work-
ers from foreign coun-
tries without the exis-
tence of any labour
agreement. This means
that South Africa would
have workers from
another country without
the knowledge and con-
sent of the country”, Mr
Oostehuizen said.

Zimbabwean workers
in South Africa are now
being repatriated after
existing labour contracts
expired, he. said.
Already, according to a
spokesman, between
4000 and 5000 Zim-,
babweans have been re-
patriated since the ,be-
ginning of this year.

Following border con-
trol established in 1963,
Mr Oostehuizen said,
two concessions to ac-
commodate Zimbab-
weans who lived in the
Republic at the time
were made.

~The first is thaf people
who had been in” the
country before January
1, 1953 were granted

83

exemption from being
Tepatriated. The second
concession was that peo-
ple who had been in
South Africa before Jan-
uary 1, 1958 and had
worked for an employer
for five years, were
granted exemption from
being repatriated. This
latter exemption had to
be renewed on a. five
yearly basis.

“We receive applica-
tions for exemption
from repatriation daily
and in dealing with indi-.
vidual cases, the depart-
ment has taken a very
humane attitude,” Mr
Oostehuizen said.

The Zimbabwean
Government gave notice
that they did not recog-
nise the validity of any
document which bore
the word Rhodesia”, Mr
Oostehuizen said.

This, he said, affected
Zimbabweans who in
the past used to travel
between the two coun-
tries through what was
known as the Rhodesian
Workers Travel Docu-

dent. om



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

CUBAN ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATED--Lubango, 26 Jul (ANGOP)--A political ceremony
followed by a fraternal dinner yesterday in Lubango (capital of the Huila
Province) marked the celebration of the 29th anniversary of the attack

on the Moncada barracks in Cuba. The ceremony was presided over by the
commander of the special brigade stationed in that region. At the opening
ceremony of the celebration, the commander of that Cuban brigade paid a
great tribute to the late President Agostinho Neto and reaffirmed the
determination of the Cuban people to fight alongside the Angolan people

in their national reconstruction efforts and against South Africa's constant
military aggression. For his part, Domingos Jose, the assistant coordinator
of the party's Provincial Committee, who represented the Huila Provincial
Commissioner at the celebration, strongly condemned the constant threats
from North American imperialism against the Cuban territory. In this
regard, he appreciated the assistance by the Cuban internationalist fighters
against the Pretoria army. To mark the end of the celebration, certifi-
cates were distributed to elements of the Cuban community in recognition

of their mission in that province. [Text] [AB271002 Luanda ANGOP in
French 2040 GMT 26 Jul 82]

ADB AID CONSIDERED--Luanda, 22 Jul (ANGOP)--An African Development Bank
[ADB] delegation led by Nsete Min Nsete, a Cameroonian, which has been on
an official visit to Angola since last Saturday, has had several contacts
with Angolan authorities in connection with financing and assistance in
the construction of a road linking Kela to Marimba in Malange Province,
sources close to the Office of the Angolan Secretary of State for Coopera-
tion indicated on Thursday. According to the same sources, after feasibility
studies, the project could be financed by this banking institution,

which is based in Ivory Coast and of which Angola is a member since 1980.
The ADB is also likely to finance several development projects in the
economic field in Angola, it is indicated. [Excerpt] [AB231004 Luanda
ANGOP in French 2140 GMT 22 Jul 82]



SOUTH AFRICA

Steyn's Appointment Criticized by Kambule
(Stan Mhlongo; SOWETAN, 22 Jul 82) ........005 dee eeeeeeees

Most Community Councils To Postpone Elections
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 22 Jul 82) ..

Commentary on Postponement of Council Elections
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 23 Jul 82) ..... a

Police Keep Back News on Sabotage
(Chris Steyn; THE CITIZEN, 22 Jul 82) .....eeeeee be ee eens

Reports on Second Annual Polstu Congress Published
(Various sources, various dateS) ....seeeeeeeeeeee de eeees

Reaches Maturity, by Mike Hewitt
Spirit of Togetherness, by Keith Kiewiet

Verligtheid Seen as an Obstacle To Change
(various sources, various dates) ....sseeeeeeeee dee eeeeeee

Degenaar's Speech, by John Battersby
Critical Afrikaners Hailed, by Mike Hewitt

Reid Daly on Why Rhodesia Lost Bush War
(Ray Smuts, Norman Chandler; SUNDAY TIMES, 4 Jul 82) .....

New Shape of South African Politics Discussed
(Hermann Giliomee; RAND DAILY MAIL, 5 Jul 82) ....seeeeees

Swazis Crows Court To Hear Land Application
(SOWETAN, 23 Jul 82) ..cscseeeeeeeee cece acne eeeeeeee senee

Sixty Kloof Miners Face Public Violence Charge
(Len Kalane; SOWETAN, 22 Jul 82) ........+- scence eeeeees oe

Woman Tells Court of Security Police Assaults
(Sandra Lieberum; THE CITIZEN, 23 Jul 82) .....seesseeeeee

Terror Trial Man Admits Confession Was True
(Dan Marais; THE CITIZEN, 22 Jul 82) ....... been cece ene

Alleged ANC Terrorist Admits Attack on Police Station
(Dan Marais; THE CITIZEN, 23 Jul 82) ..ccesececeeeceees wee

Black Women Take to Family Planning
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Jul 82)

Relaxed Censorship Rules Laid Down
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 23 Jul 82) ........

-e-

38

40

4l

42

44

47

54

57

58

59

62

63

64

65



SOUTH AFRICA

STEYN'S APPOINTMENT CRITICIZED BY KAMBULE
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 14

[Article by Stan Mhlongo]

[Text] BLACKS will not ben- sors Ferdie Hartzen-
efit from the appoint- berg and M C Botha.
ment of Mr Danie Steyn is not directly in-
Steyn as the new Minis-" volved in education,
ter of Education and although he can close
Training, says popular ‘down schools by a
educationist’ and lec-' mere gesture if he wi-
turer at Wits Univer- shes,” he said.
sity, Mr T W Kam- He said the State
bule. President Mr C Vil-

Mr Kambule called joen had once made it
the appointment. “the clear that the govern-
non-event of the year. ment could not neglect
Itis like getting a step- _ whites at the expense
father who is just as of blacks and increase
cruel and will mistreat the budget for black
you just as his prede- education.
cessor.” .

Mr Steyn was born A glimpse at Mr
in 1923 and has a BSc. Steyn’s life. shows that
BSc Engineering and he had no direct expe-
‘an MCom degree. rience in the education

Mr Kambule said it field. He is a former

Deputy Minister of Fi-
mance and-used to
work as an electrical
engineer at Armscor.

While..Mr Kambule.

is difficult to say how _
the new Minister could
bring some changes in
education as blacks
have always had “a .

“ remains unimpressed
raw deal.” : by the appointment of
Asked “if Mr Stevn Mr Steyn as the Minis-
could create a buffer ter of Education. Mr
and prevent a repeat of Steyn has surprised
June 16. 1976 where many blacks with his
many people were recent speech
killed by making He said: “Et is of the
blacks accept educa-" utmost fmportance
tion as it is. Mr Kam- that black education-
.bule said it was not ists be part plan-
possible. ning structure in black

“Like his predeces- education.

38


SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE DIRECTOR SAYS NATION ENTERING ‘ECONOMIC WINTER'
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 pp 1,2

[Text] THE Director General of Finance, Dr Joop de Loor, said yesterday that
South Africa was entering an "economic winter."

He warned the country it faced up to two years of painful adjustment and con-
solidation on the economic front.

In his speech to the Afrikaanse Sakekamer meeting in Cape Town he said: "The
situation is serious but not critical, but it is necessary that you as business-
men and also the consumer, the man in the street, must realise what awaits you.

"If we are prepared the storm can do no lasting damage."
Dr De Loor said the situation would get worse before it got better.

He warned that adjustments would have to be made to South Africa's fiscal and
monetary policies to clamp down on income-generating expenditure and these mea-
sures would have to come in the next few months.

"At this early stage of the cooling off in the economy there can be no talk
of any 'stimulation', especially not through greater Budget deficits, the cre-
ation of more money, lower interest rates, lower taxes and the like.

“Our task is rather now to adapt as soon as possible to the realities of our
economic position so we can live within our country's means.

"The adjustment has already been postponed too long. The softer we want to
make the landing, the more drawnout will be the adjustment process and we will
experience a much longer and more painful depression--and not recession--than
which now appears necessary," he said.

Dr De Loor said a number of measures had already been taken, which, while unpop-
ular in the short term and which would lead to sacrifices by the business world

and the general public, were having a positive effect on the economy.

While the answers were self-evident, South Africa could not simply take over
the economic cures which appeared to work so well overseas.

69



a festering dispute in Kwazulu between Bata Shoe
Company, and the National Union of Textile Workers.
the company has been paying a minimum wage nearly
three times less than the Zimbabwean national industrial
minimum, and has been patently reluctant to deal
seriously with the union. But the Kwazulu authorities
have been notably wary of becoming involved on the
side of the workers.

At the same time as the government would appear
to encourage the homelands in a regressive attitude to
trade unions, it is possible that, once the Indian and
Coloured populations have been brought into the circle
of those who are allowed political privileges, the ‘perma-
nent’ black urban population — but emphatically not
those who are ‘citizens’ of the homelands -- will be
allowed gradually to join the ranks of those who are
regarded as ‘real South Africans’ qualified to enjoy
full civil rights. That is certainly a theory among verligte
Afrikaner nationalist. But we reckon it is inconceivable
that a substantial body of blacks would allow themselves
to be coopted without dragging the whole of black
South Africa along with them.

Nor, given the special nature of South African
society, it is possible to separate trade union and
economic rights from political ones. Even now, 48% of
strikes are concerned mainly with wage disputes, but a
large majority — about a third — relate directly to racial
anatagonisms workers, for instance, refusing to work
under a foreman who abuses them. Many other disputes
involve conditions at work directly connected with
apartheid itself: demands for the use, for example,. of
the same lavatory and eating facilities. There is no
doubt that trade union activity, while ostensibly con-
cerning itself with ‘non-political’ issues, is chipping away
at the edifice of apartheid itself.

Implicit in the debates that divide trade unionists are
the same issues that have divided black politicians — in
particular the question of race: should the struggle be
a multi-racial one waged together by all those
who oppose apartheid, or should blacks liberate them-
selves? Does the term ‘black’ really include Indians and
Coloureds as well as black Africans or is that just the
thetoric of progressive people who are not white? Is race
or class the determinant of the struggle? One of the
paradoxes of this debate is that those unions that
practise multi-racialism are tactically cautious but ideo-
logically — in the longer-term — more radical, while
those that are most keenly exclusivist are often rhetori-
cally belligerent but ideologically conservative (‘playing
into the hands of apartheid’, opponents might say). A
frequent criticism by unionists oriented towards Black
Consciousness (BC) unionists is that FOSATU is
‘dominated by whites’. In fact, 15 out of 150 delegates
at its last congress were white, but it is true that white
academics have played an unusually prominent role.
Similar criticism that white trade unionists are ‘only

78



263197

JPRS 81526

12 August 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2674

020 8060866)

FBIS | FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

SBog
V%



SAIRR PRAISES BUTHELEZI--THE South African Institute of Race Relations yes-
terday issued a statement assessing the recommendations of the Buthelezi Com-
mission. According to the statement, the institute termed the Buthelezi Com-
mission a "broadly-based composition" as it represented many political and
economic interests. "It is part of the tragic conflict of South Africa that
all interests and opinions were not represented. It is self-evident that a
programme for our future South Africa cannot be hammered out in the absence
of particularly the National Party and the African National Congress (ANC).
“Nonetheless the Commission was an example of rationality on work. It has
shown that widely differeing interests can be reconciled by debate and discus-
sion. This is of special significance in a society which shows alarming signs
of committing itself to resolve its conflicts by the tragedy of civil war,"
the statement read. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p 7)

CALL FOR THANDANI RELEASE--THE local branch of the General Workers’ Union has
called for the release from detention of their branch secretary, Mr David Than-
dani, saying: "It is totally ridiculous to hold people in detention for sweet
nothing." In a statement released yesterday, Ms Nomonde Mgumane, assistant
secretary, said Mr Thandani was still being held by Ciskeian Security Police
for no specific reason. Mr Thandani was picked up from his home in Mdantsane
by Ciskei Security policemen on July 9. "The honourable General Sebe must
understand that holding trade unionists in detention under the Ciskeian R252
will not stop the workers from demanding from their employers," Ms Mgumane
said. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p 7]

CAR WORKERS' RAISE--WORKERS At The Car Distributors Assembly Motor Plant in
East London will receive rises in excess of 23 percent this year under terms

of an offer made yesterday by the company to the two unions represented at
CDA. The two unions are The SA Iron, Steel and Allied Industries Union and

the National Automobile and Allied Worker Union. The proposed rises are weigh-
ted in favour of the workers who earn least so that this year's rises for the
lowest grade would top 34 percent. At 215 cents an hour, pay rates for this
grade would have more than tripled over two and a half years. The unions asked
for time to consider the CDA proposal and to consult their members, so it was
agreeed that the formal talks would resume on Wednesday August 4. Management
and unions agreed that the objective would be to finalise an agreement on that
date. Whatever agreement is reached, will be backdated to the beginning of
July. At the lowest grade, management proposed a 19,4 percent increase in

the hourly rate from the 180 cents that has applied since January to 215 cents
an hour. This would compare with the 160 cents an hour that applied until

the end of last December, bringing the increase this year to 34,4 percent.
[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p 7]

AZAPO HEALTH DEMANDS--THE AZANIAN People's Organisation (Azapo) has called
for the equal distribution of health facilities in South Africa. Azapo's call
comes shortly after its scathing attack on the Government for failing to do
enough to curb the spread of communicable diseases among blacks. The organ-
isation's spokesman on health, Dr Abubaker Asvat, said health and politics
were inextricably linked in the country. "Forthe whites, everything is of
the best and readily available. It is the contrary with blacks although this
country ranks among the richest in terms of mineral wealth. Obviously, to

104



GUINEA-BISSAU

Joint Company With Cape Verde Disbanded
(AFP, 24 Jul 82) ..cceeeseeeeeeee dee e ne eeeceeeeeteeteeres

LIBERIA

Immigration Official Interviewed on Aliens
(Monrovia Domestic Service, 28 Jul 82) ..sseceseeeeeenee .

MOZAMBIQUE

Rural to Urban Migration Exacerbates Unemployment
(Bernardo Mavanga; NOTICIAS, 28 Jun 82) ...

Briefs
Rio-Maputo Flights
USSR Grant

NAMIBIA

Mudge Rebuffs Owambo Committee
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 19 Jul 82) ....seseeeeeee se eeee

SWANU Calls for Labour Federation
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 16 Jul 82) ...cesesececeeceees

Reportage on Status of Settlement Negotiations
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 15 Jul 82) ......... see eeeeeees

Premature Breakthrough Talk
SWANU Takes Issue

Kicking of Internal Parties
DTA Approach Guarded
Kosie's Denial

Briefs
Shop Razed

SEYCHELLES

Briefs
Sinon Returns

SIERRA LEONE

Finance Minister's Budget Speech Reported
(WEST AFRICA, various dates) ...ssseeeseeeeeee see eeeeeee

Sacrifices Needed To Save SLPMB
(WEST AFRICA, 19 Jul 82) ..ccececeeeeeeceeeeeee cece wees

-b-

18

19

23

25

26

29

30

31

36



reverse the situation, basic needs of the people such as education, nutrition
and housing should be attended to as a priority, and the output of black doc-
tors be increased a hundredfold," Dr Asvat said. Until health facilities were
made to be freely and easily available to all sections of the population, the
problem of epidemic diseases would not be solved. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN
in English 23 Jul 82 p 12]

cso: 4700/1615

105



REPORTAGE ON STATUS OF SETTLEMENT NEGOTIATIONS

Premature Breakthrough Talk

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 82 p 3

[Text]

IT WAS “absolutely
premature” to speak of a
breakthrough in the
negotiations for a Nami-
bian settlement, Swapo’s
Theo Ben Gurirab said
in New York yesterday.

He was reacting to
reports that agreement
leading to implementation
of elections under UN
Resolution 435 was near.

Contrary to reports that
full agreement was reached
between all parties on the
Contact Group’s first
phase proposals, Mr
Gurirab said Swapo was
not satisfied with the ques-
tion of the voting formula
as it now stood.

The Swapo leader said
despite agreement reached
so far that the election for
a Constituent Assembly
would follow either a direct
proportional or single
member constituency pat-
tern, on the understanding
that the final choice would
be left to the AG and the
UN Special Representative
for Namibia at implemnen-
tation, “Swapo wants an
assurance now” which one
it is to be.

He welcomed the aban-
donment of the mixed
voting proposals of which

26

Swapo had rejected both
versions (one man two
votes and one vote two
values), but said finality
should be reached now, at
least in principle.

“We welcome the aban-
donment of the mixed
electoral system but feel it
should be resolved while
talks continue now,” Mr
Gurirab said.

He added that Swapo
still preferred direct porpor-
tional representation of
candidates standing for the
election to the constituent
assembly.

According to him, SA
had to come back to the
Western Five on the voting
system.

Mr Gurirab said
negotiations were currently
on phase two, but the out-
standing electoral issue
from phase one remained
to be resolved.

Asked about the timing
of the arrival of Untag in
Namibia for implementa-
tion of a settlement, Mr
Gurirab said such arrival
in the near future could not
take place until all the out-
standing issues were
resolved.

“I am keeping open
minded about the situation
but remain rather scep-
tical,” said Mr Gurirab.

NAMIBIA


NEAR RECORD IMMIGRATION INCREASE IN 1981 REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 10

{Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

cso:

‘own censtitutional de-
rreloments.

figures, obtained
"ec “the department
yeaterday,

4700/1611

85

SOUTH AFRICA

the upwards trend is
continuing. In Janu-
ary this year the coun-
try gained 4 386 immi-
grants compared with
3 175 in that month last

A breakdown of profes-
sions and jobs of the
active

immigrants shows a
welcome gain of 583
professional people in-
cluding 184. engineers, _
18 doctors and 45

teachers,

Clerks totalled 281 while
production and related
workers chalked up 699
immigrants during the
month.


the ordinary worker. As mentioned, there is still a
reluctance among many blacks to operate politically
alongside white liberals or radicals, but it is clear that
allegiance among black workers to the beliefs of the
multi-racial ANC has become much stronger over the
past few years. Indeed, it is part of government policy
(re the present trial of SAAWU leaders) to prove a con-
nection with ANC or SACTU. Although SAAWU is
sometimes seen as BC-oriented, at the same time it has
to be remembered that it originally broke away from
the exclusivist Black Allied Workers Union (BAWU) in
1978 precisely because it wanted a multi-racial con-
stitution. The same goes for another important union,
the General and Allied Workers Union (GAWU), led by
secretary-general Mary Ntseke and president Samson
Ndou, against whom government would also like to
press charges of ANC links.

Even organisations such as the Azanian People’s
Organisation (AZAPO), at its inception very much BC-
looking, have been rocked by the debate over ex-
clusivity. {ts president, Curtis Nkondo, was ousted
largely because he wanted to move more towards an
ANC direction. The new President, Khehla Mthembu,
though unwilling roundly to endorse ANC attitudes
(there would be trouble with the law, in any case, if he
did) has nevertheless tried to distance himself from the
old ANC v. PAC antagonism. AZAPO is not, any way, of
much consequence. But its internal differences do
illustrate some of the prevalent tactical and ideological
problems of modern South African black nationalism.

For its part, the ANC has become less dismissive of
teformist movements such as FOSATU, which operate
just within the laws of apartheid. Their relations will
continue, as we have documented before, to be uneven.
Sophisticated trade unionists are aware that strongly
centralised nationalist movements (vide the MPLA in
Angola) have little time for independent trade union-
ism when liberation comes. ‘When Nelson Mandela
comes to power, we must make sure the workers control
him’, said a delegate to the last FOSATU congress. At
the same time it is only to be expected that ANC will
infiltrate the trade union movement, for it is there that
it might find a suitable base of natural sympathy and
disciplined organisation from which to launch a more
aggressive campaign of urban violence.

Hitherto the ANC has been remarkably cautious in
military terms. Only economic targets have been
attacked — more frequently now, but still seldom. In
due course, political assassination will turn out to be a
far more potent psychological weapon against whites.
But in guerrilla wars by far the most effective (and
ruthless) method of forcing the populace to choose sides
has been to attack prominent members of the local
community (ie. urban community council leaders,
schoolteachers etc) who seem to be unduly ‘moderate’
and reformist.

80



It is also a natural law of all revolutions that the exploiting classes will
never give up power voluntarily. And if they are overthrown, they will

never accept defeat and will forever and ever conspire, plot and organize

to take power back. In this democratic revolution, the first known example
of the exploiters’ attempt to seize power is the conspiracy of a small number
of reactionary lawyers to use the professional bodies association as a vehicle
to return the masses to slavery. If this attempt has been defeated by the
masses, we cannot deceive ourselves into thinking that. the overthrown
exploiting classes have been defeated forever. No. They will make another
and many more attempts by different means and various forms. The exploiting
classes will forever attempt to seize power again. This is a lesson the
masses, patriots, progressive and democratic citizens cannot and must never
forget. To forget this (?paramount) reality is to commit suicide.

For the revolutionary power of the people to consolidate and advance itself,
the revolutionary forces, led by the PNDC and Flight Lt Jerry Rawlings, must
understand these facts. Ina revolution, if you do not crush your enemy,

your enemy will crush you, and crush you viciously, mercilessly and callously.
Reactionaries understand only one language: the organized force, power and
action at [as heard] the masses. There must be no U-turn, absolutely no
U-turn in the national democratic revolution. The people must win. Revolution
or death.

cso: 4700/1632



REID DALY ON WHY RHODESIA LOST BUSH WAR

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 29

{Article by Ray Smuts and Norman Chandler]

[Text]

THE man who played a major
role in the bush war in Zim-
babwe (then Rhodesia) has now
said it. out loud:“Complacency
cost Rhodesia the war.”

Tough-as-teak Lieutenant-Colonel
Ron Reid Daly — the career soldier
pifose feared Selous Scouts Regiment

dited with the highest kill rate in
the bitter, seven-year war conducted
by Mr Ian Smith’s government — told
thé Sunday Times week:

Yo fight in the bush.

-{fin the. end, sadly, it was
complacency that tri-
‘There was compla-

iceman *

Peter Stiff, will be published
‘South Africa tomorrow.

Col Reid is now chief

Transkei Defence

Porce with the rank of

ed. States, Europe and New
Zealand.

Col Reid Daly said that
since there was “no longer a
Rhodesia” he did not believe
he was bound by any Official
Secrets Act. -

In no-nonsense style, the
book tells how:
@ The Selous Scouts ram-

Zphe Colonel Blimps thought they knew how

paged behind enemy lines in
Reception and “pseudo” oper-
ations designed to throw the

gems forces of Mr Robert .
jugabe (now Prime Minister

of Zimbabwe) and Mr Joshua
Nkomo off their stride:

@ Achieved the highest kill -

rate of the protracted battle
in the bush — 68 per cent of
the thousands of insurgent
deaths are credited to them
for the loss of 32 of their own

men.

@ infiltrated into and
fought in three foreign coun-
tries — Botswana, “Zambia
and Mozambique.

@ Used mostly antiquated
and outmoded weapons of
war against sophisticated
wea} of the communist-
backed Zanla and Zipra
forces.

In addition, Col Reid Daly
tells how he fought a never-
ending battle against red
tape for even the most ele-
mentary needs — including
tents and the necessary per-

50

SOUTH AFRICA



SADF INTRODUCES CAREER, COMPENSATION SCHEME

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 82 p 4

[Article by Johan Buys]

[Text]

CSO:

‘A NEW career and com)

sation scheme for South Afri-
can Air Force pilots and
navigators — enabling the
Air Force to use each man to
the maximum of his potential
“— was annot by the
chief of the Air Force, Lieu-

Dun-
the general said the

retain the
Air Force pilots
and navigators, who were

s

4700/1612

‘The bigger, but also equal

ly important , Would be
those Those talents

At the completion of ser-
vice. at 20 or these

92

SOUTH AFRICA

after 10 years. their
career they would be
groomed for senior com-
mand and staff
appointments.

‘o keep pace with techno-
logical progress, selected
men wou! \d ls 0 be Siven the
op} ty ing degree
courses at a military acade-
my or university.

endeavouring to utilise each
individual to the maximum
of his potential and interest
— to have the cockpits
manned with top flying skills
to ensure the optimum utili-
sation of our air er.”

Gen Muller said the excel-
lence of hardware alone did
not make an effective air
force. It was of little use un-
less operated and maintained
by personnel of equal
excellence.

“When matched, the com-
bination produces an elite
fighting force. I have the feel-
ing that the is such an
elite force.”



SOUTH AFRICA

NEDBANK ARRANGES HUGE TREASURY LOAN
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 p 21

{Article by Daan de Kock]

SOUTH Africa’s bank-
ing system reached a
new milestone yester-
day when Nedbank an-
nounced it had - ar-
ranged a $200-million
multi-currency _ inter-
national loan facility
for the Treasury.

This is not only a first
for Nedbank, but also:
for the Treasury, which
in the past has handled
its own loans through
overseas consortiums.

The loan is for a term
of five-years and the
currency is to be pro-
vided in sterling and US
Dollars to equal value.
The $200-million is a
floating rate loan very
finely priced at 0,75 per-
cent above the London
Interbank Offered Rate
(Libor).

- The Minister of Fi-
nance, Mr Owen Hor-
wood, said at the sign-
ing of the contract
yesterday that the loan,
taking into account the
narrow spread in re-
lation to current mar-
ket conditions, reflec-
ted a vote of confidence
of the world’s capital
markets in South Afri-
ca’s banking system.

He also congratu-
lated Nedbank over the
initiative it had dis-
played in organising
the loan and said it was

4700/1611

healthy development in
the, country’s banking

The rate Nedbank
managed to negotiate
was described as “very

good” by most bankers
ood capital market ex-
perts yesterday.

It is difficult to put
an average rate on the.
loan at this stage be-
cause it will be drawn in
different tranches.

At the moment the
three-month Libor rate
is in the vicinity of 13
percent and experts in
the UK expect it to
come down further in
the future.

Some experts say it is
one of the best rates at
which Government has
been able to borrow
money abroad this year.

Mr Horwood said the
loan compared favour-

ably with most others
obtained by the Trea-
sury in overseas mar-

kets.

Mr Horwood said
South Africa’s debt-ser-
vice ratio was one of
the lowest in the world
and that no problems
were experienced in
getting loans overseas.

He said South Africa -
was about 90 percent
self-sufficient as far as

71

its capital programme
‘was concerned.

“The 10 percent we
have to borrow from
overseas, however,
plays a very important
part in financing our
capital Programmes,”
he said.

The managing direc-
tor of Nedbank, Mr Rob
Abrahamsen, said ar-
ranging a loan of this
size reflected the re-
gard in which major
overseas financial insti-
tutions held Nedbank.

He said it was also
evidence of the increas-
ing role Nedbank was-
able to play in internat-
ional markets.

He stressed the grow-
ing role Nedbank was
now playing as an inter-
national bank and said
it was one of the lead-
ers in the organisation
of the recent $100-mil-
lion overseas medium-
term loan for South
African Bréweries.

He said support in
general for South Afri-
can borrowers was
found in the European
and American markets.

Nedbank has enjoyed
full banking status for
more than 75 years in
London and is there-
fore excellently placed
to arrange overseas
loans for the’ private
and public sectors.



compared with the 1980/81 level of 562 thousand
metric tons valued at Lel0.3m. The improve-
ment in value is partly accounted for by the
higher unit price obtained from the export of dry
bauxite.

Agricultural
production

Rutile is expected to show significant i
provement on all fronts. Production has in-
creased to over 67 thousand metric tons com-
pared with 46.1 thousand tons in 1980/81. The
value of rutile exports is also expected to rise to
Le26.5m. from Lé15.2m. in the preceding year.

Recorded agricultural production during
1981/82, measured by the latest returns of
purchases of major crops by the Sierra Leone
Produce Marketing Board (SLPMB). was lower
than in 1980/81. Purchases of palm kernels fell to
12,160 tons from almost 14,000 tons a year
earlier. Coffee and cocoa purchases also drop-
ped to 8,503 tons and 7,667 tons, respectively,
from 9,212 tons and 9,157 tons in 1980/81.
Production of rice during the 1981/82 season also
amounted to less than the previous year’s crop
on account of early rains, thereby necessitating
increased rice imports.

The decline in output of the major agricultural
products is partly the consequence of a depress-
ed world market, especially in the case of coffee
and cocoa. The world market situation compel-
led the SLPMB to reduce producer prices in
1981/82 and this move created a disincentive for
farmers. A further factor, contributing to lower
purchases of tree crops, was the large scale
smuggling of coffee and cocoa

There is also evidence that growth in the
manufacturing sector was stifled because of the
foreign exchange shortage. Lack of spare parts
Jed to slow growth or decline in the output of a
number of industries during the year, with
adverse effects on employment and on govern-
ment revenue.

Budgetary performance during 1981/82 re-
vealed further deterioration. The 1981/82
budget estimated total revenue and grants at
Le302.5m. and total expenditure at Le393.6m.
yielding an overall deficit of Le91.1m. Total
expenditure was broken down into current
expenditure of Le268.6m., including Le33m. for
interest on the public debt; and development
expenditure of Le125m. However, projections
of actual figures indicate a deficit of Le141.6m.,
resulting from total expenditure of Le362.3m.
against total revenue, including grants. of
Le220.7m.

All categories of revenue yielded less than was
estimated in the 1981/82 Budget, with revenue
from import and export duties most disappoint-
ing at Le84.6m.. some Le35m. less than esti-
mated.

Turning to expenditure. the figures show that

actual expenditures were lower than estimated
in the 1981/82 Budget. This can be explained by
three factors. Firstly, scarcity of foreign ex-
change led to a reduction of payment of princi-
pal and interest on foreign debt. Secondly, a
moratorium was imposed on “Other Charges”
for most of the year. Thirdly, a lower rate of
project implementation, resulting from various

administrative and technical lags, caused the
development outlays to fall below estimates.

The continued large deficit in budgetary
operations was reflected in a significant increase
in credit to the government by the banking
system, from Le367.3m. in June, 1981 to
Le475.5m. in April, 1982. This growth in credit
was financed by the Bank of Sierra Leone,
chiefly through Ways and Means Advances of
Le114.2m. bringing the total amount outstand-
ing under this facility to Le385.2m. at the end of
the period. During this same period, credit to
the private sector from the banking system
amounted to only Le9.6m.

As a consequence of the budgetary perform-
ance, the balance of payments continued to
show a deficit estimated at about Le140m.
Accumulated arrears on external obligations
increased markedly from Le110m. in June, 1981
to Le199m. in April, 1982. Commercial “pipe-
line” arrears accounted for Le118m. of this
total, as against Le86m. in June, 1981. It must
be stated, however, that the fact that Freetown
is an unofficial port of entry for imports to a
number of countries in our region has imposed
considerable strain on our foreign exchange
position, without any significant compensatory
return in our official foreign exchange earnings.

Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members, the fore-
going review brings out most vividly the fact that
this country is experiencing an economic and
financial crisis of considerable dimensions.

Indeed, we begin the new fiscal year with
grimmest prospects for our economic well-
being. The combination of declining production,
growing fiscal deficits, rising public sectors
indebtedness to the banking system, balance of
payments deterioration and rapid accumulation
of arrears threatens financial collapse, if timely
action is not taken. The point should be made
again, however, that the phenomenon of declin-
ing export prices, rising import prices and the
adverse world economic situation generally has
aggravated the destabilising impact on our
economy as a developing country.

Mr. Speaker, Honourable Members, our eco-
nomic and financial situation calls for a drastic
change in the direction of government policies.
As I reflected on our difficulties, I became
convinced that we cannot continue along the
same path. It is my considered opinion that the
risks of continuous economic deterioration are
so serious that extraordinary measures are
necessary.

Central to our present economic situation is
the budget. Mr predecessors have, over the
years, advocated, and pursued, policies aimed at
greater budgetary discipline, but without much
success. Consequently, succeeding years have
witnessed the building of a structure of increas-
ing expenditures upon a fragile revenue base.

The resulting fiscal deficits compel massive
resort to bank credit which, in turn, leads to an
imprudent expansion of the money supply. In an
‘open economy such as ours, this quickly gets
translated into demand for imports, thereby
imposing further strains on our meagre foreign
exchange holdings. The increased liquidity in
the economy pushes upward the level of prices,
causing inflation with all its concomitant social
ills.

32



REPORTS ON SECOND ANNUAL POLSTU CONGRESS PUBLISHED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 12

[Article by Mike Hewitt]

[Text]

THE maverick Afrikaans
student organisation, Pol-
stu, has come a long way
in a year.

Its second annual congress
in Stellenbsoch this week was
a triumph that reflected the

respect with which
establishment
Hest tedents Organisation
ical ion
of South Africa.
from the
rancour
which surrounded the “liber-
al” student’s stormy first
congress in Pretoria two
years ago.

With figh-powered spe&ch-
es from respected opinion-
makers in Stellen Pol-
stu has given a clear signal
that it is an increasingly im-

voice in Afrikaans

It was a far
controversy ai

Pele a still , ahead

fe are still a

of mainsiream  Aikanet
even though we

have not

moved from our
principles,” pays Polstu
president Pieter Fourie.

Reaches Maturity

At Polstu’s first congress
in ia last year, they
were thrown off the Tukkie
campus following sombre
warnings by the Minister of
Police, Mr Louis le Grange,
not to meddle with radical.

black .
When thes latest congress

finished there could be no dis-

i Polstu’s relevance or

portance on the political
scene.

To the Stellenbosch cam-
pus it brought an impressive
diversit leading political,
acac and cultural fig-
ures — from all race groups.

And among delegates were
members — albeit in their
personal capacities — of the

Students Organisa-
tion (AZASO), the Congress of
South African Students (CO-
SAS) and Inkatha Youth
Brigade.

Among the white delegates
to the congress was a repre-
sentative of the National

Studente Bond.(ASB) — the

growe from which Polstu
e away in 1980.
“We have achieved a tre-

mendous amount and gained
credibility in black and white
communities in the past year.
“In fact, Polstu has be-
come so relevant that we
cannot be ignored,” says Mr
Fourie, a theology student at:
Pretoria Uni: ity.

44

SOUTH AFRICA

Proof of Polstu’s credibil-

Council of Churches; Profes-"
sor Johan Degenaar, head of,
the Department of Political’
Philosophy at Stellenbosctt
University; Professor Jan
Lombard, director of the De-

‘velopment Bank; the Rev Al-
Tan ‘Boesak, of the Neder.’

us;
Aksie Suid-Afrika and
Professor Jakes Gerwell: of
the University of the Western
Cape. ,

And what impressed Mr.
Fourie was the enthusiasm of:
black delegates, who: gave’
the congress “a wider,
perspective”. “4

“We have to work with
black students on common
projects, to bridge the gap of
years of apartheid. of

“But the apathy on Afri-;
kaans campuses is still,
strong with the vast majority.
of students hardly thinking
about politics.

“Few have ever been ina
black suburb, or even heard

black speakers,” says
‘ourie. +


NATION CHOSEN FOR UNCTAD TRANSPORTATION SURVEY

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 18 Jul 82 p 1

{Text]

cso:

4700/1619

ZAMBIA is ‘ among _ three
countries chosen for a
survey being conducted by
the United Nations Con-
ference on Trade and

"Development (UNCTAD) on

transportation systems.

UNCTAD consultant Dr Peter
Faust said in Lusaka the
ultimate political objective
of the survey was to enable
countries control _ their
transport needs to keep
transportation costs to a
minimum.

The project was not a technical .

assistance programme as it
was only meant to provide
data on transportation.

The consultant, who arrived in
Zambia yesterday, said
other countries to be cover-
ed in his survey were Tanza-
nia and Senegal. He leaves
for East Africa on July 26.

In Zambia Dr Faust -would
gather information on how
the country was adapting to
container and multi-model
stransportation systems.

Dr Faust said though container
transportation was only now
making inroads in most
developing countries, he felt

113

it held great potential for
land-locked countries
because it allowed them
greater control over goods
up to the destination.

With conventional transporta-
tion methods a country lost
control over the goods as
soon as they lett its borders,
he said. .

The great obstacle to the deve-
lopment of container trans-
portation in most Third
World countries was the
limited cargo base which
meant there was not much
to be exported to necessitate
container methods.

Dr Faust would like to study
various routes used by Zam-
bia with particular emphasis
on Dar es Salaam. He plans
to meet officials from
various Government mini-
stries connected with trans-
portation and officials of
forwarding agencies.

The study would add to the
growing body of data on
Africa and serve as a source
of information for govern-
ments and other organisa-
tions.

ZAMBIA


cso:

ot Degenaar, who heads
sotphy "at stellenboech
at len!
peice tr used the con;
of the Poll tical Student
ition of South Africa
Istu) to make his scathing

attack on verligtheld.
Tronically, congress
was held onthe Malle ere
many of the

Be ernmments top nen were
tutored in their youth — and

nurtured in the ways of
verligtheid.

Rebel

quick in thet their retribution this
week, and Professor De; en
aar earned immediate
cation at the pen of an angry
political commentator.

He was accused of “siding
with the Progs” and told to
“come back to earth” by the
Cape Nationalist mouth-
piece, Die Burger.

pe stumbling

wad “the ‘Afrikaner’s
ithe resent. oF of be fale
t order is

Henindnion ot Afrikaner
culture with Afrikaner

power.

.“As a moral-critical Afri-
kaner, I rebel against
identification because it

in the may 0 of peaceful,
tal change.

“The preservation of the ©

Afrikaner culture cannot be

alld ooly within the
world of Afrikaner politics.

4700/1612

In turn, verligtheid was”

meaningless when the dy-
namic presence of the black
man was taken into account,

igtes:

giving the impression that
they sought fundamental
change, when they would
really only allow changes to
take place which did not dis-

‘turb Afrikaner power.
“Verligte ikaners are
to work towards

. peaceful, fundamental

change because it implies
abandoning Afrikaner power,
and, it is assumed, the annihi-
lation of Afrikaner culture.”

Prof Degenaar said ver-
ligtes were a stumbling plock

on the way to
damental” change Pecause

they:

e Y Are unwillin to follow a
“democratic path in South Af-.
rican politics and refuse to
share power with blacks.

@ Prohibit freedom of as-
‘sociation between groups.

@ Will not abolish dis-
criminatory laws from the

@ Will not allow renewal in
the form of structural change
to take place.

Justice

no mnie
Fy genaar

feed's “critical Afrikaner”

as one who was “critical

sini ol ie Asana by

the Afrikaner by

to the roots of his

“There have alwa' been
critical Afrikaners use
there have always been those
among us open to just
rationality.
“And while the verligte is
himself out of

the ploture the eritical Atte
anes want fo build bridges

49

and negotiate the future.
By olding onto his

er, the verligte hopes to

onto his idestfication,

“But because of his think-
ing, he has actually diminish-
ed his own stature as a result
of intense nationalism,” said
Prof Degenaar, whose latest
book, “Die Keuse vir die Afri-
kaner” is due to be released

$000. ,
Pressure

He does not see the'critical
Afrikaner as having to align
himself to any political par-
Bo but he oes idctude Drvan

ays Slabbert among his list of
ical Afrikaners.

Others in the same stable,
he says, are Prof Hermann’
Giliomee, of the history de-
partment at Stellenbosch;’

litical sci a dena fr en
pol ience de er
and the Xentrorerial ceri,
Prof Nico Smith — who, in

May, left his post at the Stel-*

Tor the lot ofa pastor

nary for the lot of a pastor
among blacks in Pretoria.

During his address to the
students, Prof Degenaar said

various groups could nels
bring atout Prandamenta
je in South Africa.

pcall
Politicians, to find a pd


Spirit of Togetherness
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jul 82 p 22
[Article by Keith Kiewiet]

[Text] Last week's Politieke Studente Unie congress was, in a sense, epito-
mised by a chance remark made in jest...

It happened while two Polstu workers were frantically trying to complete pho-
tocopies of a speech. One said to the other: "You're a bloody slow thinker."

It just so happened that one of them was white and the other was black.

Somehow the racialistic significance of the remark, made by the white student,
dawned on both of them. And, they started laughing.

That little incident was not really noticed, but it seemed to bring home at
least part of what went on last week in this "holy" place of Afrikaans thought.

There were other incidents and events. At a cocktail party after the first
day's deliberations the subdued background music was replaced at one stage
by some rather savage sounding reggae music.

One black delegate remarked: "Now, man, Polstu is becoming relevant."

But what was also relevant was Bishop Desmond Tutu queueing for food in the
students' canteen, and blacks and whites of both sexes dancing deep into the
night to the very African sound of a band from the Nyanga Arts Centre.

Nobody is suggesting a small-town scandal. It just seemed to indicate that
the skies would not fall in if Afrikaans students danced with blacks.

At that same party a dark and mysterious looking character with a Nusas T-
shirt muttered through his beard: "I expected some tokenism, you know, some
token blacks, but this is different."

One black fellow with a semi-Afro hairstyle said: "This is great". He said
it generally and spontaneously and not in answer to a question.

True, the blacks present as delegates to the conference were not hardliners
who had come to Mau-Mau the polite white Afrikaans boys.

But, things that went on at the conference suggested that Polstu has a more
meaningful purpose than merely being a left-wing splinter off the dominant
Afrikaanse Studentebond (ASB).

Seen as an illustration of this was the choice of speakers at the congress:

Bishop Desmond Tutu, Professor Jakes Gerwel, the Reverend Alan Boesak, and
so on.

45



DETAILS ON ORGANIZED LABOR GIVEN

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 7 Jul 82 pp 1-4

[Text]

There is little doubt that the legalisation of independ-
ent black and multi-racial trade union activity in mid-
1979 has been one of the major advances on the road to
black emanicipation in South Africa. Indeed, it could be
argued that it is the only substantial reform to have
come out of the prime ministry of P. W. Botha since he
acquired the country’s top position amid promises that
white South Africa would have to ‘adapt or die’. But as
trade union militancy continues to grow, awkward
questions of the tactics and shape of labour activity are
acquiring increasing significance.

1, Trade unionists are increasing efforts to define their relation-
ships with each other. In April nearly all the key black-dominated
unions held a little-reported meeting to discuss the formation of
a broad front. The meeting, however, was marred by the absence
of CUSA. an important exclusivist (i.e. blacks only) umbrella
group. and by the walk-out of another militant union. MACWUSA
(see below).

2. In theory. present legislation forbids overt political activity
by trade unions. That is to say. they must confine themselves to
matters of pay and conditions at the workplace. But it is
becoming a crucial matter of tactics for unionists to decide how
far they should stick to these rules, when it is obvious that
organised labour has already become the most potent vehicle for
expressing nationalist sentiment inside the country.

3. Above all, it is becoming difficult for unionists to gauge how
best they should relate to the outside exile movements, especially
the most powerful one, the African National Congress (ANC)
and its trade union arm, the South African Confederation of
Trade Unions (SACTU). Any formal relationship with them is,
of course, illegal.

The eventual removal of apartheid and white political
domination will stem from a combination of factors:
pressure for change by liberal industrial expansionists for
whom apartheid is an obstacle to growth; economic
pressures from the outside world; enlightened political
self-interest among a growing number of whites; the
pressure of urban violence organised by outside move-
ments such as the ANC and to a lesser extent the Pan-
Africanist Congress (PAC). Chief Gatsha Buthelezi could
be right, however, when he says that ‘the outside world
won't make more than a marginal contribution to black
emancipation in South Africa’. And it is still also
possible that the inevitable major upheavals may fall

74

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

MEDIEVAL LIVING CONDITIONS, DISEASES DEPLORED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p 8

[Editorial]

{Text ]

cso:

MOST OF US take a cavalier atti-
tude to the scandal of the present
epidéinic of diseases that put South
Africa somewhere in the Medieval
ages healthwise. .

There are more cases of polio
deaths reported in the papers. This
comes after a country-wide cholera
scare not long ago and even typhoid
death. We learn from medical sec-
tors that diseases such as these are
unheard of in developing or Western
countries. South Africa makes
claims to being such a country. It is
true that there would be a vast out-

-ery in other such countries if there

was an outbreak of any of the
diseases running almost rampant in
our country.

The truth is that for all its so-
called ‘‘progress’’ parts of South
Africa are Third World. This is not
the result of lack of incentive or the
retardedness of the people but be-
cause of politics.

4700/1615

There are many parts of this land
which have outdated and almost
Medieval conditions of living. Even
without taking cognisance of the de-
plorable conditions in the so-called
homelands, there are areas even in
the urban sections of the land that
are smack in the Middle Ages.

South Africa is a country of para-

“dox. There is vast wealth and abject
poverty side by side — a feature
which is incidentally not uncommon _
of capitalist countries. But there is
something else happening here. The
country is balkanised into racial en-
claves with an eye more to satisfying-
outmoded idelogical positions than
progress. .

As long as those who rule are
locked into the thinking that
separate development is morally
sound and economically viable we
will continue having such uncalled
for disasters.



IT would like to plan ‘Waste Of energy.

with the..peoplé and Mrs Jill Wentzel. of
not plan for them. If the Black Sash. said if
you do this. they be- Mr Steyn: understood
come conversant with “simple democracy, he
the needs of planning would know that he
in the education struc- should actually be
ture. ° working “for and not
When it came to the with” the people.

crux of Government
policy and on the as-
pect of a single depart-
ment to cater for all
races, Mr Steyn made
a somersault and said

“He should be work-"
ing for the people as
their civil servant, and
if they don’t like his
ground rules or any-
thing that he does,

he was against the they should be able to
idea. ; “vote him and his col-
ENERGY , leagues out of office,”

“I see no merit in Mrs Wentzel said.
forming one education : But Mr Kambule.
department. The min- said he was disillu-
ute you have one de- “sioned with the Na-

partment you will not ‘tionalist. Government,
be able to avoid equa- “as a result I foresee

ting and comparing the no hope for black ed-
various education ucation until this gov-
structures," he said. ernment is pushed out

To Mr Steyn such of power”...
geomparisons are a

cso: 4700/1611



ARMY PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICER'S FIRING

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 16 Jul 82 pl

[Text]

cso:

4700/1619

ZAMBIA Army public relatioris officer, Mr Smith Kalabi, the man
at the centre of controversy over the requirements for the recruit-
ment of soldiers has been sacked.

Confirming this from his Olympia Park home yesterday Mr
Kalabi said he received a letter giving him ten minutes to leave his
office and three weeks to vacate the house.

He declined to elaborate apart from saying ‘‘the world is full
of infringements of human rights."”

‘Some people think they are more Zambian than others.””

He had been a full paid up member of UNIP since September
12, 1959.

‘‘Whatever roadblocks I may face in life, I will remain loyal'to
the army, Party and its Government as I said in my letter that cla-
rified the recruitment controversy .’”

The controversy arose out of advertisements in the national
Press last month setting a three-year Party membership and active
in the UNIP Youth League as one of the conditions for acceptance
in the army.

The Law Association of Zambia and the Zambia Congress of
Trade Unions described the condition as not only descriminatory
and illegal, but unconstitutional.

Subsequent advertisements dropped the condition.

Later Mr Kalabi announced the withdrawal of the condition as
one of the qualifications for those wishing to join the army.

But his statement was disowned by the deputy army comman-
der Major-General Christon Tembo.

Minister of Defence Mr Wilson Chakulya reaffirmed that the
condition was there to stay since the defence force interpreted the
political decisions of the Party.

109

ZAMBIA



Mr Horn asked the magistrate not to remand Mr Stuttaford beyond Monday and
to instruct the State to obtain a trial date before then so the court could
be satisfied the State was not being dilatory.

Mr Stuttaford was remanded until Monday and the prosecutor was asked by the

magistrate to ascertain from the Attorney-General when a trial was to take
place.

cso: 4700/1611

118



JPRS 81526

12 August 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2674
Con TENTS
ANGOLA
Official Condemns Israel, U.S. Mideast Policy
(ANGOP, 26 Jul 82) cicescecccseccececeneeeeseenneeaneennes 1
French Role in Angolan-Cuban Issue Discussed
(AFP, 27 Jul 82) .esececceceeces saeees eee eee eeneneeeeees 2
Briefs
Cuban Anniversary Celebrated 4
ADB Aid Considered 4
Detachment Finishes Mission 5
CAPE VERDE
Briefs
Embassy Opening Delayed 6
GHANA
Rawlings Address Seen Giving People Courage, Confidence
(Accra Domestic Service, 20 Jul 82) ... beeen ee eenees 7
Defeat of Reactionary Professionals Advocated
(Accra Domestic Service, 31 Jul 82) ....... bee e eee eeeenee 9
Envoy to Libya Denies Accounts Confiscated
(Accra Domestic Service, 31 Jul 82) .........eeeaee eee eee 11
Professionals Want Return to Old Order
(Accra Domestic Service, 23 Jul 82) .......... see eee e eee 12
Explanation of Agripetco Pact Demanded
(Accra Domestic Service, 21 Jul 82) ..ccseseccceececeacees 14
Briefs
Nominees to Investigating Board 16
Gasoline Law Review Body 16
Aluminum Company Criticized 17
Return to Medical Practice 17

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]


OMEGA COAL--"OMEGA Coal is expecting to take a large slice out of the R40-mil-
lion per annum market on the Witwatersrand," says Neville Kets, the managing
director. Omerga COal has been launched as an "on the road" service to the
industrial consumer. Says Mr Kets: "By today's demands the Reef alone is us-
ing one million tons of coal each year, excluding requirements by AECI, power
stations and railways. [Text] {Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul
82 p 24]

MAIZE ESTIMATE TRIMMED--SOUTH Africa's official 1981/82 maize crop estimate
has been cut by 147,00 tons to 8,39-million from 8,53-million forecast last
month, the agriculture department says. The estimate, which is based on con-
ditions at the end of June, is sharply down from 1980/81's record out-turn
of 14,64-million and reflects the effects of a drought earlier this year
throughout main growing areas, a department spokesman says. He said maize
estimates from every region showed decline. The Agriculture Department esti-
mated grain sorghum output lower at 284,000 tons against last month's 303,000
and last season's 552,000 actual production. Sunflower seed production is
estimated at 301,000 against 308,000 and 518,000 soyabeans at 17,000 versus
18,000 and 26,000, groundnuts at 106,000 versus 108,000 and 213,000 and dry
beans at 62,000 against 63,000 and 84,000. [Text] {Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 22 Jul 82 p 24]

OFFER TO CAR WORKERS--A 19,4 percent increase in minimum hourly rates has been
offered car plant workers in East London. If accepted, it will bring this
year's total minimum rates increase to 34,4 percent. The offer, announced
yesterday by the Car Distributors Assembly plant, has been made to two unions
represented at the CDA--the SA Iron, Steel and Allied Industries Union and
the National Automobile and Allied Workers’ Union. The unions have asked for
time to consider the proposal and to consult members. Formal talks on wage
hikes at the East London firm will resume on August 4, with an agreement expec-
ted to be finalised at the meeting. Proposals by CDA on improving other pay
scales will mean an average increase of at least 23 percent this year on each
grade. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 p 8]

VENDA CLAIMS--THE Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mr Pik Botha, and Venda's Presi-
dent Patrick Mpephu met at the Union Buildings yesterday to discuss the contro
versial Venda claims for a number of White towns in Northern Transvaal. The
issue became especially controversial after Mr Fanie Botha, Minister of Man-
power, said at Louis Trichardt the Government had finally decided on Venda's
consolidation and that he was not aware of any further demands for more land
by Venda. The Venda Government immediately complained about Mr Fanie Botha's
statement and an emergency meeting was arranged between President Mpephu and
Mr Pik Botha yesterday. No agreement was reached yesterday. But President
Mpephu expressed his satisfaction about the possibility of further discussions
with the SA Government. Apart from the land issue other matters regarding
economic projects and co-operation between the two governments on the envis-
aged confederation of South African States were also discussed yesterday.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 2]

RIOT DAMAGE INSURANCE--INSURANCE companies will not pay out claims on normal
policies to anyone whose property has been damaged because he knowingly housed
a member of a banned organisaton. They may also not pay out for a car which
has been damaged in a political riot situation unless special cover has been

102



TERROR TRIAL MAN ADMITS CONFESSION WAS TRUE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p4

[Article by Dan Marais]

[Text]

cso:

ONE of the accused
in the Wonderboom
terror trial, Mr Thelle
Simon Mogoerane,
was cross-examined.
for the greater part of
yesterday by the
State on alleged tor-
ture the police inflic-
ted on him.

In the continued trial
of Mr Mogoerane, Mr
Jerry Semano Mosololi
and Mr Marcus Thabo
Motaung, the hearing
was interrupted by Mr
Justice D J Curlewis,
who had ordered a trial
within a trial to decide
whether a statement
made by Mr Mogoerane
was. freely and volun-
tarily given and could
be used in evidence
against him.

Mr Mogoerane yes-
terday admitted to ‘the
court that the contents
of the confession he
had made to Major
Engelbrecht at the
police station at Half-
way House were the
truth.

In the statement,
which was read to the
court by Major I J Eng-
elbrecht on Tuesday,
Mr Mogoerane  ad-
mitted he had taken
part in the attacks on
the police stations of

4700/1611

Moroka, Orlando and
Wonderboompoort and
the control section of
the power station at
Capital Park in Pre-
toria.

However, at this
stage the truth of the
confession is not an fs-:
sue. What the court has
to decide is whether it,
could be used in evi-
dence against Mr Mo-
goerane.

It is a requirement of
the legal. process that
only confessions which
have been given volun-
tarily and freely may be
veed against aa socus-

The defence alleges
that Mr Mogoerane was
not duly warned by Ma-
jor Engelbrecht when
his confession was
taken down.

In his evidence Major
Engelbrecht said he
had put the prescribed
questions to Mr Mogoe-
rane in order that he
could fully understand
he was giving the infor-
mation freely and vol-
untarily.

62

SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Mogoerane
claimed he made the
confession because he
was scared of the
police.

In his evidence in
chief Mr Mogoerane
said he was cruelly
treated by the police
when he was arrested
at Hammanskraal.

A plastic bag was
tightly wound round his
neck and the policemen
at Kompol, the head-
quarters of the security
police, played cruel
mental tricks by put-
ting the barrel of a gun
in his mouth and shoot-
ing a gun off elsewhere.

In cross-examination
Mr Mogoerane told the
court two strands of
electric wire were at-
tached to his body.

While an electric cur-
rent was _ passed
through his body he
was shaking like a leaf
and a policeman was
holding him by the
head.

When the prosecutor
asked him why the cur-
rent did not also shock
the policeman he was
unable to give an
answer.

Mr Jack Unterhalter,
SC, for the defence, will
re-examine Mr Mogoe-
rane today.



mental change because it
supposedly implied the sacri-
fice of Afrikaner power and
the destruction of Afrikaner
culture.

“The survival of Afrikaner
culture,” Professor Degenaar
said, “cannot be built on a
verligte presentation of the
old identification of Afri-
kaner culture and Afrikaner
power but only on the separa-
tion of these two realities.

“The distinction between
verlig and verkramp is valid
within the limited world of
Afrikaner politics but it is fu-
tile when one has to take
cognisance of the dynamic
presence of the blacks, It is
also dangerous because it
gives a legitimacy to con-
cepts which are still based on
the bond between Afrikaner
culture and Afrikaner
power.”

The professor added that
the attempt of the verli;
Afrikaner to get the
loureds on his side was part
of that approach.

“I want to make the young
Afrikaners at this congress

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES

[Article by Mike Hewitt:
a Critical Afrikaner"]

{Text ]

aware of this choice which
faces the Afrikaner. The
choice is between the linkage
of Afrikaner culture and
Afrikaner power or the sepa-
ration thereof.

» “Through the separation of
culture and power the Afri-
kaner will be put in a position
to participate in peaceful
fundamental change, and
then Afrikaner culture can
exist in its own right in an
open plural society.

“| am raising this matter
because I want to identify an
important obstacle on the
path to peaceful fundamental
change with a view to helping
young Afrikaners to decide
‘on the future together with
the overwhelming majority
of young blacks who wil
gradually come into leader-
ship positions.”

‘The professor said ideo-
logical control of the nation-
alist Afrikaner still had a
strong influence, but it would
not be able to maintain this
position in the face of demo-
graphic and economic

Tealities, .

Critical Afrikaners Hailed

in English 4 Jul 82 p 12

"How To Tell the Difference Between a Verligte and

ATOP Afrikaans academic caused
a stir this week when he savagely
attacked verligte politicians — and

hailed “the critical Afrikaners” as.

the key to. change.

Professor Johan Degenaar said “critical
ers” — men like Opposition leader
Frederik van Zyl Slabbert — were
to detach themselves from their background
and negotiate a new future.

pritheld ast Slocking ihe pats to peaceful,
aj
fiadarsental change is South Africa,

Prof Degenaar said that unwillingness to
separate Afrikaner culture from holy
cow of Afrikaner power would ultimately
Jeave the verligte with little or no say in a

new South African dispensation,

“Bow long and how far will the verligte
swim against the tide of black jon — and
0 act as a stumbling block ag: change?”
said Prof Degenaar.

“The choice for the Afrikaner does not lie
between verlig and verkramp, but between
Nerilgtheld ind a moral-critical position,” he

48

Demographic projections
talked of 40-mil blacks in
South Africa within 18 years,
of whom 75 percent would be
urbanised. According to eco-
nomic calculations, eight out
of every 10 skilled workers
would be black.

There would be 200000
black matriculants in the pe-
riod from 1980 to 2000 as op-

to 54000 white matri-
culants. And black university
students would overtake
white student numbers in
1990.
“These are all important
facts which help us realise
that we live on a black conti-
nent,” Professor Degenaar
said. *

“The facts point in a cer-
tain direction and our politics
will have to develop accord-
ingly if we want to partici-
pate in fundamental peaceful
change. '

“T therefore want to ask
the verligte Afrikaner: how
long and how far is he going
to swim against the tide of
black opinion and function as
an obstacle to change?”



cso:

“FORECAST PERCENTAGE DROP IN COMPANY PROFITS

. Total FORECAST FOX LONGER TERM
i smeren number of [Sector o-sx_|e2sz | 26-sox! sore
i | companies {average (2) | Bo. | Wo. | Bo. | Mo.
Industrial Holding 3 99 * 6 | wis ‘
Beverages & Hotels 7 7,9 2 1 -
Bullding 19 6,8 10 7] 2 -
Chentcals a 1 |. 47 5 sfor fa
Clothing? 2° | 82 9 it 3 2
Pood 9: aM 4,3 2 7 1 1
| Wishing ot 18,8 ‘ 2 1 -
Furniture 16 8,8 $s 9 1 1
Engineering 26 18 n sf] - -
Electronics 7 3,2 6 1] - -
Motors 20 13 4 wf oa -
Paper : 1s “8,3 7 8 | = -
Pharmaceutical oT 12,2 4 2] - 1
Printing ‘a 4,3 4 3 - -
Steel 3 5,8 2 3{ - -
‘Transport “3 24,0 - 2 1 -
Stores . 23 7,9. 6 16 1 -
Seger ‘ . 10,3 2 z{ - -
Tobaceo 3 3,8 : 3] - =
TOTALS - 248 go} ist | is | 10
PERCENTAGE ow: 190 35,9 | s2,8{ 7.3 | 40

set

of calcu-

In a separate
lations, Prof Archer ex-
Pressed interest paid in 1981
3, pere Percentage of profits be-

‘he highest individual per

Centages in the

tors ranged from 11% to 77%.

‘The forecast fi

ran
HOR. For fe, longer frm

soot from 20%

4700/1612

“With the eoatlook’ for
creased profits relative,

97

by inflation only to the extent
that its assets are equity-
financed.

“The serious investor

and prices to be paid should
be adjusted accordingly.”



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

RIO-MAPUTO FLIGHTS--Varig, the Brazilian airline company, will make its first
flight between Rio de Janeiro and Maputo, via Luanda, on 4 July 1982, according
to company sources cited by ANOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY]. The source from the
Brazilian company said in Porto Alegre that its plane will leave Rio de Janeiro
regularly on Sunday and arrive in Maputo on Monday. When the management of LAM
[Mozambique Airlines] was contacted, a reliable source confirmed the report
about Varig's first flight to Mozambique. However, the same source said that
the two airline companies have not conclusively settled all details about the
connection between Rio de Janeiro and Maputo, mentioning, for example, that a
decision on the number of flights has not been made. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 30 Jun 82 p 10] 9479

USSR GRANT--Yesterday the Soviet Union made a substantial donation to our
country of 20,000 tons of cereals and many farm implements. Valentin Vdovin,
the Soviet ambassador to Maputo, gave Col Sergio Vieira, the RPM's [People's
Republic of Mozambique] minister of agriculture, the formal document confirming
the donation and said this was in support of the struggle against armed bandits
ordered by President Samora Machel during the rally he led on Tuesday, and to
assist the regions in the country hit by the drought. The donation consists

of 12,000 tons of wheat, 5,000 tons of rice, 3,000 tons of corn seed chemically
treated against insects and rodents, 50,000 hoes, 32,500 files and 20,000
hatchets. In turn, the Mozambican minister stated that times were difficult
for Mozambique and the Soviet Union especially and for all socialist countries
generally because of growing international tension; he stressed that this
donation was an expression of the solidarity between socialist countries. "We
have always been, are now and will be allies in the struggle for peace,"
emphasized Sergio Vieira. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Jun 82 p 1}
9479

CSO: 4742/344

22



GUINEA-BISSAU

JOINT COMPANY WITH CAPE VERDE DISBANDED
AB251027 Paris AFP in French 0800 GMT 24 Jul 82

[Text] Bissau, 24 Jul (AFP)--Ministerial delegations of Guinea-Bissau

and Cape Verde, which met in Bissau for the first time since the reconcilia-
tion summit between the two countries last June, have agreed to liquidate
the Guinea-Cape Verdian shipping company Naguicave.

An official communique states that accordingly, each country will pay in
easily convertible currency the value of that part of the company's assets
that it wants to acquire after each side had deducted its share of the
profits from the liquidation.

The communique also says that the two delegations, led by David Hopffer
Almada, Cape Verde's minister of justice, and Victor Freire Monteiro,
Guinea-Bissau's minister of economy and finance, have decided to restore
telecommunications links between the two countries and to sign an agreement
on interbank payments. They also decided to set up a technical committee
charged with solving the problems discussed during the meeting, which

will meet during the first 2 weeks of September. The communique added
that the two parties decided to engage experts to reevaluate the assets

of the Naguicave Company.

The Naguicave Company was created in 1977 by Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde.
Each state owned 48 percent of the company's assets, the remainder being
the property of Cape Verdian nationals. The company owned two ships. It
was dissolved in 1981, after the coup d'etat in Bissau on 14 November 1981,
which brought about a dispute between the two countries. The countries
were previously ruled by the same party, the African Independence Party

of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde, which led both countries to independence.

The two parties agreed on a financial settlement to reimburse Guinea-Bissau
for a ship-load of wheat which this country sent to a Cape Verdian company
to be milled into flour. This could not be returned to Guinea-Bissau
because of the coup d'etat and the ensuing dispute.

After signing the joint communique, the heads of the Guinea-Bissau and Cape
Verdian delegations reaffirmed their governments’ political will to do
everything to find a lasting solution to the problems existing between the
two countries.

cso: 4719/1205

18



EXCOM ORDER--A MAJOR world first will result from the placement by Escom of a
R120-million order for a dry-cooling system on GEA Air Cooled Systems. Escom
has issued a letter of intent to GEA, a local affiliate of the giant GEA Ger-
many, for the design and manufacture of the direct air-cooled steam condensa-
tion system for the Matimba power station. According to GEA managing director
Franz Vogt, the installation will be more than 10 times bigger than any other
simiilar installation in the world. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS
TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 1]

AZAPO PUBLIC MEETING--THE Soweto branch of Azapo will hold a general public
meeting this Sunday to discuss among other things the isolation campaign on
South Africa. The meeting starts at 2pm atthe Orlando DOCC. The public is
urged to attend and, according to Mr Jefferson Lengane, an executive member,
this will be a very important gathering. The meeting will also discuss the
health crisis in the black community, following the recent outbreaks of polio
and typhoid. Also on the agenda will be community-council elections. [Text]
[Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 2]

ABORTED SOCCER TOUR--The Azanian People's Organisation (Azapo) yesterday said
the aborted soccer tour of South Africa by overseas stars was "just a feather
in the cap for the isolation campaign and a big hole in the ship of apartheid".
The organisation applauded Kaizer Motaung and his club, Kaizer Chiefs, together
with Moroka Swallows and Orlando Pirates for the step they had taken in asking
the black community to stand behind them and "give the clubs the support and
backing they so richly deserve" should any action be taken against them. [Text]
[Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 3]

INDUSTRIAL WORKERS STRIKE--ABOUT 300 workers at Ferro Plastics and Rubber In-
dustries Limited in Industria, Johannesburg, yesterday downed tools in demand
of half-yearly wage increases. A worker representative said the employees

had held a meeting at which they had decided on the action after management
had failed to meet their demands. He said: "Management told us that the com-
pany is not making any profit so we could not be given any increases this year.
We are not demanding any specific amount, merely what other workers are being
given this time of the year, everywhere." All the workers are represented

by the company's liaison committee as they have no union representation. Mr

J Ngwenya, industrial relations officer at the company, yesterday confirmed
that workers had downed tools. Meanwhile a spokesman for an undisclosed number
of workers at Teltron Business Machines in Faradya, Johannesburg, yesterday
said that management had told them that if they were not satisfied with the
undisclosed increase they had been promised for September 1 they were welcome
to resign. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 3]

MUSHANA STUDENTS SUSPENDED--NYANDA (Port Victoria)--More than 300 of the 495
pupils at Mushana Secondary School near here have been suspended after they
stoned buildings, smashed windows and boycotted classes. The pupils, all from
Forms 2 and 3, were suspended on July 12 following disturbances that left al-
most every window in the school broken, including those at the house of their
principal, Mr Arlington Moyo. A Form 3 student said the pupils’ main griev-
ances were the dismissal of some cooks without apparent reason, porridge not
properly cooked, an alleged assault on a pupil and alleged ill-treatment by
the school's disciplinary committee. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 23 Jul 82 p 15]

101



SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

SINON RETURNS--SEYCHELLES has been elected the Indian Ocean representative of
the International Centre to resist Imperialism, Racism, Zionism and Reaction,
anounced SPPF Secretary-General Guy Sinon yesterday afternoon on his return

from the Centre's first general conference in Tripoli last month. Mr. Sinon's
four-week trip also took him to France, Togo and Tanzania accompanied by Mr.
John Mascarenhas, a Member of the Seychelles People's Progressive Front Central
Executive Committee. The International Centre in Tripoli brought together dele-
gates from all the progressive states and liberation movements of Africa, Latin
America and Asia in a broad front to combat imperialism and its allies. Addres-
sing the five-day meeting, Mr. Sinon stressed Seychelles' view that solidarity,
unity and economic co-operation were vital if this world-wide struggle was to
succeed. The SPPF Deputy Secretary-General, Mr Matthew Servina returned home
at the weekend. Mr Servina, who attended the Congress of the Yugoslav Communist
Party, also held talks in Rome with officials of the FAO in his capacity as
Minister for Agriculture. [Text] [Victoria NATION in English 12 Jul 82 pp 1, 2]

cso: 4700/1617

30



ZNBS ATTEMPTING TO SOLVE TEACHERS' HOUSING PROBLEMS

Three-Fold Program

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jul 82 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE Zambia Na-
tional Building
Society is working

‘on a three-fold

programme to
positively con-
tribute to teachers
housing problems,
managing director
Mr Simon Mwewa
said in Ndola
yesterday.

Under the scheme
mortgage advances
would be made to
teachers to build their
own houses, collective
advances would be
given to the Ministry of
Education and Culture
through the Ministry of
Finance and_ teachers
housing schemes would

“be established.

Mr Mwewa who is Lusaka
district governor said this.
in a speech read for him by
ZNBS company secretary Mr
Davis Mukena at the closing
of a five-day workshop at
the Northern Technical Col-
lege in Ndola. —

The society was building
houses in Mongu 50 per cent

of which would be allocated

to teachers. a
“The problem can easily
be solved if only we get the

cooperation of teachers by |

applying ‘tor mortgage ad-
ances if the commissioner of
lands gives them pieces of
land to develop.”’

There was no need of extra
details on this because the
ZNBS had given mortgage
advances to teachers and’ the
Government for some of its
projects.

“We are already involved

_in the construction of hous-

ing estates all over the coun-
try. This will be a mere ex-
tension of the service we
already provide to special
buyers.””

ZNUT ‘Cautiously Welcomes’ Program

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 18 Jul 82 pl

[Text]

THE Zambia National Union of Teachers has cautiously welcomed
the announcement by the Zambia National Building Society that it
has worked out a programme aimed at easing the shortage of
accommodation for teachers in the country.

ZNUT financial secretary Mr Lason Kawaya said yesterday in
Lusaka that although teachers were happy about the announce-

lll

ZAMBIA



NEW SHAPE OF SOUTH AFRICAN POLITICS DISCUSSED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 82 p 9

{Article by Hermann Giliomee:

[Text]

HERMANN GILIOMEE, Professor of History
at Stellenbosch University, examines the con-
siderable changes in white South African poli-
tics since the seventies. Mr PW, Botha’s
National Party is- watching its traditional mass
power base being undermined from the Right,
and has shifted its emphasis and entered battle
in the very area where the Progressive Federal
Party appears to be struggling. Here, however,
Professor Giliomee issues a warning to the

business community.

SOUTH African politics
has taken new shape with
the National Party lead-
ership explaining party
policy to and raising funds
from the English business
establishment.

Just how much South Afri-
can politics has changed over
the last five years becomes
clear when one now reads the
so-called Freiburg study
based on interviews conduct-
ed in 1974 and 1977.

An English translation of
this major work has just been
published under the title
“South Africa: The Prospects
of Peaceful Change”, edited

by Theodore Hanf et al (Coll--

ings and David Philip).

This study draws a con-
trast between the two differ-
ent establishments and styles
and structures of leadership
which existed in South Africa
in the mid-seventies.

On the one hand there was
the National Party, which is
portrayed as a mass mem-
bership party, superbly orga-
nised and characterised by a
high degree of permanent

mobilisation, even when
there is no election in the
offing.

In contrast, the political
culture of the white South Af-
rican opposition is described
as analogous to the English
“club”, with its delight in dis-
cussion and its aura of
exclusiveness.

‘As a description of the

South African political sys-
tem of the early eighties this
is a typology that has obvi-
ously become dated.
. The National Party has
list much of its previous abil-
ity to generate mass enthusi-
asm among the volk.

It is now the Conservative
Party that draws large and
enthusiastic crowds. Its suc-
cess lies in the fact that it has
become the genuine repre-
sentative of the Afrikaner
working and lower middle
class — in particular the
blue-collar workers, lowly-
paid civil servants and mar-

ginal farmers.

Between 1974 and 1979 the
average real salaries and
wages of blacks increased
considerably, while those of
whites declined by five per-

54

SOUTH AFRICA

"It's the Fight for the Establishment"]


cso:

ly ‘or politically
motivated.

Ultimately Zambia needs
to find a permanent
solution to her
economic ills. Half-
baked measures may
boomerang and actually
alienate workers from
their own Party.

The nation’s biggest pro-
blem is how to survive
without the money that
copper has hitherto
earned the country.
Most of her problems
stem from an acute
shortage of foreign ex-
change she used to earn
from high copper prices.

Small-scale industries may
be Zambia’s ultimate

salvation. These could,

be labour-intensive,
scattered all over the
country, and, most i-
portantly, based on

4700/1619

108

locally produced raw
materials.

Planners should not for-
get that the rural
economy, through
small-scale industries, is
the economic backbone
of any nation. If its
needs are neglected the
nation as a whole suf-
fers.

That is why the report that
K6.5 million has been
budgetted for the small-
scale Industries Deve-
lopment Organisation
(SIDO) should be taken
as a timely shot in the
arm.

But Zambia should avoid
the costly failures of
Rucom Industries and
other similar ventures.
To be successful SIDO
must pay heed to the
policy of decentralisa-
tion.



AID SUSPENSION ANGERS FARMERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 p15

[Text]

cso:

4700/1611

SOUTH African farm-
ers, many already in
severe financial diffi-
culties, are angry about
the Government's sum-
mary suspension of
various agricultural aid
schemes —-an anger
which could, according
to Pretoria sources, es-
calate into a direct con-
frontation.

In Pretoria yesterday
the vice president of the
SA Agricultural union,
Mr Kobus Jooste, said
the union-had sent an
urgent telex to the Min-
ister of Agriculture, Mr
Sarel Hayward, object-
ing to “the unexpected
termination of various
financial aid schemes
by the Agricultural
Credit Board.”

Representations
were being made for
the reinstatement of
the schemes, he said.

Mr Hayward an-
nounced the suspension
of the schemes last
week and said that it
had become necessary
because of the gener-
ally difficult conditions
in some farming areas.

These. ‘conditions’

72

meant that farmers in
areas such as the Bo-
land, Karoo and the
Southern and Eastern
Cape had difficulty in
meeting commitments
to the Department.

Financial aid was
suspended on schemes
relating to soil conser-
vation, water supplies,
the eradication of in-
vader bush, the estab-
lishment of private
plantations, housing
for non-White farm la-
bour, and the purchase
of private farm land.

Mr Jooste said that
although the union was
not happy about regis-
tering objections, “the
greatest concern is
caused by the termina-
tion -of loans for soil

conservation, water,
provision and housing

for labourers.” ‘

Schemes for soil con-
servation and water
were actually long-term
schemes and, due to
their nature, were no
use if they were not ap-
plied continuously.

SOUTH AFRICA


cso:

“cording to Mr Mudge.
“We are very proud of
what you do, and we are

concerned for —-your
safety.”

Any problems arising
amongst the men in the
forces should be raised.
directly with their officers
and if still unresolved,
these should be taken up‘
with higher command in
Windhoek, said Mr’
Mudge. e

“And if the higher com-*
mand still has problems,
they are welcome to come
to the Ministers Council.”

Channels’ exist through
which people can lodge
complaints against the

-Police, and these-should be~
used by the public, Mr
Mudge said.

Mr Mudge then went on
to argue against the institu-
tion of a special committee
in Owambo which could
hear such complaints.

“I don’t think we need in
Oshakati a special court
before which you are going

4700/1618

24

to be charged. The local
Owambo Representative
Authority and its Ex-
ecutive Committee is in the
first place not your boss.
They don’t pay your
salaries, appoint you, nor
can they discharge you.”

“I can see no necessity
for them to create a court
or committee for com-
plaints. The Ministers
Council has a Con-
stitutional and Security
Committee and there we
are prepared to listen to
complaints against our
people.” he continued.

Mr Mudge went on to
say there discussions were
held daily about Swapo’s
“gruesome acts” and ad-
ded: “We will not allow
Swapo to take our country
by force.”

At the same time Mr
Mudge said the Police
should not give the public a
chance to level accusations
at them. by subjecting
themselves to the strictest
discipline.



GOVERNMENT STOCK SHORTAGE LOOMS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 5 Jul 82 p 12

[Article by Harold Fridjhon]

[Text]

AS the Treasury does
not have to come to the
capital market again
this year to raise mon-
ey to finance its loan
programme, some
market observers be-
lieve there will be a
scarcity of Govern-
ment stock.

This implies that rates will
ease as buyers come into the
market to bid for stock to
meet their portfolio require-
ments. But this view runs
counter to a strongly held
«conviction that there is still
scope for an upward move-
ment in rates,

As evidence this school
points to the rates at last
‘week's tender issue of RSAs
and the subsequent upward
rudging of rates in the secon-
(dary market trading. But the
state pattern looks uneven
with a marked preference for
-the shorter end of the market
and reported persistent sell-
ing at the longer end.

At the weekend the 124%
RSA 2003 was quoted at
14,63%. This is, of course,
lower than the RSA 1997
which was sold in the tender
at 14,68%. On the other hand
the 1997 is standing about
14,79% in the market, a high-
er yield than the tender price.
Both shorter-term loans are
several points higher than
the rates established by the
tender.

On the other hand, there
are rts that the Reserve
Bank has been offering stock
on the market at rates which
shade those established at the
tender.

90

Dealers report that they
are unable to read the mar-
ket clearly. They say it is full
of uncertainties with the un-
derlying sentiment distinctly
bearish.

It is asked why the Trea-
sury did not accept most of
the money tendered. It might
have pushed the average rate
a little higher and the Trea-

sury might have had to pay a”

little more for its money, but
it would have drained some
of the excess investment cash
out of the market.

But the authorities night
have been hesitant to let
rates rise too fast too soon.
They probably want to see
how the rest of the year un-
folds, and there is nothing to
prevent a Treasury tender is-

“sue later, not to raise money

but to sterilise it.

Another possibility is that
the Tresasury prefers to
stand on the sidelines be-
cause of heavy public-sector
capital issues scheduled for
the remainder of this year. A
total of R900-million is in-
volved with several big bor-
rowers in the queue, and for
their sake the Treasury
might not want to see rates

soaring.

Armscor is down for R60-
million, Transport Services
R50-million, both this month.
In August, Iscor is the biggest
on the list with R50-million
and the SWA Administration
at Ré0-milliop. The Land
Bank will look for R100-mil-
lion of new money in Septem-
ber when Ucor will ask for
R65-million and Johannes-
burg for R40-million.

In October Escom will
seek R80-million with the

SOUTH AFRICA



DETACHMENT FINISHES MISSION--Malanje--Col Ludy Kissassunda, provincial commissar
of Malanje, appealed on Monday in the municipality of Kirima for organization
and vigilance against the work of tiny armed groups. Speaking at a rally at the
end of his visit to that municipality where a clean up operation is currently
being waged against the bandits, Ludy Kissassunda stressed the need for the
masses to assist the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola]
soldiers by exposing enemies who had infiltrated among the people. In other
news, part of the third Cuban contingent of the Che Guevara detachment, which
since February 1981 has been working in Malanje in the field of education, said
farewell to th people of that city at a political-cultural ceremony held on
Tuesday. Emilio Areas, the leader of the Che Guevara detachment, in an inter-
view with ANGOL [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY], emphasized the cooperation between the
Cuban teachers and Angolan youth, and the support given by party and government
provincial authorities to carry out the given tasks. During the political-
cultural ceremony which Col Ludy Kissassunda, provincial commissar of Malanje,
and other provincial party and government authorities attended, certificates
were presented to 17 youths from the detachment and 5 other Cuban educational
assistants in testimony to their mission in Angola. In addition, the emulation
banner was turned over to the Frank Pais contingent of Cuban edubational aids
who did not belong to the Che Guavara brigade for their work in the socialist
emulation campaign in Angola in the field of education. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL
DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 1 Jul 82 p 4] 9479

CsO: 4742/344



ECONOMIST ON POPULATION EXPLOSION, LABOR UNREST

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 5

[Article by John Spira]

[Text]

CSO:

4700/1612

SOUTH Africa is suffering
from the population ex-
plosion of the past two
decades. .

‘This has spilt over into a
labour force explosion “with-
out the structural economic
advantages of the Sixties,
when we could raise our GDP
by 56% a year compared
with the 38% a year of 1970-
80”, according to Professor J
L Sadie, director of the Bu-
reau for Economic Research
at the University of
Stellenbosch.

Speaking to Business
Times, experts, including
Prof Sadie, stress that Sout!
Africa’s labour problem is
encapsulated by the fact that,
if three itage points are
to be absorbed in rising re-
muneration per capita, the

loyed labour force
can increase by only 0,7% in-
stead of the natural rate of
increase of 2,6%.

He adds: “Labour unrest
these days seems to be as
much a political as an eco-

73

nomic weapon.
“One wonders, however,

_ whether it is really political

power per se which is in-
volved or a desire for the re-
moval of official social and

economic discrimination
which is considered insulting
to human dignity.

“If it is a political — ina

“constitutional sense — solu-

tion that is to be found, the

experience in Africa and Lat-

in America su; ts that

there is no orderly alterna-

tive to a geographic division
rr.

such a division would en-
compass a situation in which
real politial Power devolves
upon regions (or provinces,
or cantons), with limited
powers delegated to a central
executive body consisting of
the Chief Ministers of all the
Tegions.
“But can one successfully
persuade a body of men used
wer to relinquish it?
This is the major political
problem in South Africa.”

SOUTH AFRICA



playing conscience games’ was only partly muted by the
death in police custody in December of Dr. Neil Aggett,
Transvaal regional secretary of the African Food and
Canning Workers’ Union, whose secretary-general, Jan
Theron. is also white. Differences based on race are also
visible within the spectrum of unionists who are not
white: competition in the car industry between
NAAWU, whose leadership has a strong Coloured com-
ponent. and MACWUSA, which is very much black
{or ‘black Black’, as people sometimes explain), is
certainly accentuated by the colour difference.
Unionised South Africans of Indian descent are still
largely members of unions under the conservative
TUCSA umbrella’. All these differences, however, have
not effectively allowed management to ‘divide and rule’.
in order to convince membership that the union is push-
ing hard, rival unions within one factory may well try to
outstrip each other in toughness versus the management,
which thus finds the demands against it increasing from
all sides. Likewise, in political terms, it is highly unlikely
that any of the unions, except the white ones, and
perhaps some of the TUCSA ones, will endorse the
governments current plans to woo Coloureds and Indians
into the previously white-only political orbit.

Where unions sympathetic to black nationalism do
differ is in tactical approach. FOSATU, with a much
lower-profile leadership and less obviously political de-
mands, reckons it can strengthen its base for the future
and remain impervious to government assaults against its
top echelon. This approach was encouraged by the arrest
of 22 activists in 1976: the movement carried on
without too much of a hiccough. The BC-oriented
unions, such as Joe Mavi’s Black Municipal Workers
Union (BMWU), tend to throw up magnetic personalities
with outspoken political messages, but there is a lack of
organisation and discipline nearer the bottom and a risk
that if the head is cut off (by detention) the body may
cease to operate. Indeed, the BMWU does look like it
was a flash in the pan. It is debatable, too, whether
MACWUSA will remain the force it seemed to be a year
or so ago, when the union that later became NAAWU
seemed to suffer because of its unduly cautious defence
of Thorzamile Botha, the Port Elizabeth community
leader and Ford worker now living in Lesotho. But
FOSATU unions believe the BC-oriented ones, and also
SAAWU and MACWUSA, are less democratic, often
relying on the appeal of one man and rarely going to the
lowest ranks for decisions.

Black Consciousness as an ideology has, in any case,
faded. (Its opponents would query whether it was ever,
in fact, an ideology). Certainly, under the inspiring
influence of the late Steve Biko, it created a mood that
gave black intellectuals and student leaders the confidence
to operate on their own without reference to white
sympathisers who were often — unwittingly — paterna-
listic. But BC as a creed never permeated the ranks of

79



ANGOLA

OFFICIAL CONDEMNS ISRAEL, U.S. MIDEAST POLICY
AB270958 Luanda ANGOP in French 2030 GMT 26 Jul 82

[Text] Luanda, 26 Jul (ANGOP)--Domingos da Cruz, chairman of the Angolan
League for Solidarity and Friendship with Peoples of Foreign Countries,
has stated that the Angolan people violently denounces the crimes of the
Zionist Israelis against Lebanon. In an interview with TASS correspondent
Nikolai Semenov, he said that these crimes would not have been committed
without the blessing and encouragement of the United States. The bloody
developments in Lebanon are the result of the Reagan administration's
policy aimed at making the Middle East a military and political bridgehead
while Washington and Tel Aviv are pursuing the clear objective of dismantling
the PLO, establishing a docile regime in Lebanon and dealing a hard blow
at the Palestine Arab liberation forces which are the vanguard of the
Palestinian people. By continuing with his crimes, the aggressor is
throwing a challenge to world opinion which has been roused to indignation
by the high-handedness of the Zionist Israelis and their American masters.

The Angolan people, continued this Angolan leader, unreservedly support
Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's call for the immediate cessation of blood-
shed in Lebanon. The aggressor must know that it is impossible to exter-
minate the Palestinian people. The PLO has been recognized by the community
of nations and any attempt to suppress the determination of the Palestinian
people to achieve freedom and independence is bound to fail. The Palestinian
people are fully entitled to have their own state and the Angolan people
fully support them in this regard.

The Angolan people, da Cruz again stressed, support the just cause of the
Palestinian and Lebanese peoples who are struggling against Zionist and
imperialist dictation. The authorities of Tel Aviv and Washington must
answer for their crimes. Peace and tranquility must triumph in the Middle
East.

cso: 4719/1205



1975 as well as a collective
agreement entered into with
the Airways and Allied Work-
ers Union of Zambia
(AAWUZA). *

Mr Kabwe said before the
workers could be laid off,
management should have re-
ferred the case to the employ-
ment review tribunal and if it
failed to follow proper proce-
dure in dismissing the work-

ers. It had contravened Statu-
tory Instrument Number 13 of
Was not satisfied it could go to
the Industrial Relations Court.

There was no comment
available from the Zambia
Federation of Employers.
ZFE chairman Mr Maxwell
Sichula is reported out of the
country while other officials
could not be reached.

Ignoring Economic Realities 'Dangerous'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 19 Jul 82 pl
[Editorial]

[Text]

IT is well and good for the
Party in Lusaka to show
its bravado by working
out a punitive scheme to
safeguard workers’
security following the
recent spate of redun-
dancies in the capital’s
major industries.

The news will no doubt
receive great applause
from workers. But it
cannot and should not
be the ultimate solution.
It would be futile if it
proves to be a mere tem-
porary appeasement of
the workers or a vote-
catching gimmick.

The truth must be faced
squarely. Redundancies
will continue to be there
so long as the recession
bites harder and deeper.

This time round employers
will doubtlessly close up
all the loopholes to en-
sure that their action in

The workers should not be
cheated. Take Britain,
for example. The reces-
sion there has now rais-
ed the figure of the
unemployed through
redundancies to “over
four million people, and
that is in spite of an
elaborate social security
scheme.

Political talk devoid of
economic realities is
dangerous. As our Sun-
day comment stated in
yesterday’s Sunday
Times of Zambia, there
is an acute need to edu-
cate workers, unions,
employers and even
Party cadres on their
grave responsibilities in
times of a recession.

All should be made to
understand why redun-
dancies are inevitable
and all should know, in
good time, where they

laying-off workers is stand when the redun-

legal and has gone dancies are finally put

through all the into effect.

necessary procedures. Workers should not be
So what then? Where will made to bury their

be the workers’ security

heads in the sand by

if industries legally cheap political gim-
knuckle under the micks and pretend that
unavoidable pressures there will be no more

of recession?

107

lay-offs be they genuine-



there is little it can do to contain it.

Smash the workers?

One of the government’s most evident ways of try-
ing to counter labour muscle has been to harass the
leadership. About a third of all detainees are now trade
union activists*. In particular, government has targeted
the unregistered unions such as SAAWU, whose growth
has been phenomenal and hostility to the system
unabated. Indeed, the leadership of SAAWU has been so
hard hit that it will be interesting to see whether, as
some unionists claim, it will be unable to maintain an
effective organisation. SAAWU’s charismatic leader,

Thozamile Gqueta, was detained seven times in a year,

before eventually being remanded under charges which
he is currently facing in Johannesburg. In March 1981
his house in Port Elizabeth was burnt. In October his
mother and uncle died when their house in Ciskei was
burnt. A week later his girlfriend Deliswa Roxiso was
shot dead by police at his mother’s funeral. Subsequently
his lawyer, Griffiths Mxenge, was murdered by ‘unknown
assailants’. Last August the Ciskei authorities detained
205 SAAWU members. In November, Gqueta himself
was redetained with a number of other trade union
leaders. Now we hear he has been taken into psychiatric
care following months of imprisonment.

While the government appears to be moving
inexorably towards a dismantling of social apartheid and
towards a political process of ‘ganging up’ with
Coloured and Indians by giving them back the vote,
government is not relaxing its determination to use the
homelands as dumping grounds for ‘unwanted’ black
Africans, for those who cannot find work in the ‘white’
urban areas, and for those who are regarded as agitators.
The population of the homelands is reckoned to have
grown by three million in a decade. The most notable
dumping ground is Ciskei, whose leaders Chief Lennox
Sebe and his bother, Maj. Gen. Charles Sebe, have
‘declared war’ on trade unions, but other smaller home-
lands, such as QuaQua, the little territory of the South
Sotho lying adjacent to Lesotho, has swollen from a
population of 20,000 in 1970 to 300,000 in 1982. There
is almost no prospect of employment there at all.

In terms of trade unionism, as in other matters, the
role of Inkatha and Buthelezi is ambiguous. The chief
insists that he has friendly and cordial relations with a
number of well-known unions, especially those based
in Durban. Unofficially, membership of Inkatha appears
to be a prerequisite for getting many jobs in Natal,
where the workforce is often heavily influenced by
Inkatha militants. But the major black nationalist trade
union groups have shrunk from formal contact with
Buthelezi. Kwazulu is itself an employer and, like other
homelands, has been ready to attract new manufactur-
ing and industrial investment by offering concessional
tax and other privileges to investors. At present there is

77



obtained. This was said by Mr Don Gallimore of Price-forbes Federale Volks-
kas yesterday. He pointed out that most conventional household policies con-
tain an exclusion for damage cause by "acts aimed at bringing about social
economic changes" or acts which are perpetrated "in protest against authority".
This means that if a car is stoned or overturned by rioters, who may just be
protesting about higher bus rates for example, ordinary policies might not pay
for the damage caused, he said. "In South West Africa, as another example,

if the man staying in your servant's quarters belongs to Swapo and someone
decides to bomb him out of the place, damage to your property will not be cov-
ered by your ordinary policy." Political riot insurance is available in South
Africa through Sasria, a fund subsidised by the Government and a group of in-
surance companies. With the exception of Walvis Bay, South West Africa did
not enjoy Sasria cover, but insurance could be placed locally or overseas.

Mr Gallimore said the ordinary man's need for political riot insurance depended
on where he lived. If there was a risk factor one should take out political
riot cover as the rates were relatively low. [Text] Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 23 Jul 82 p 4]

FORD SEEKS NAAWU ASSURANCE--PORT ELIZABETH--Production at the Ford motor plant
in Port Elizabeth could not resume until the striking workers' union, Naawu,
gave an assurance that the full work force would return, Ford's spokesman said
yesterday. He said nothing had been heard from Naawu in this respect. Produc-
tion at the plant could start up within a day or two of Naawu giving the re-
quired assurance. Volkswagen at Uitenhage announced yesterday that its plant
would begin production today on a limited scale and that production would re-
turn to normal by Monday. General Motors said a work roster would have to

be prepared before gradual production could recommence. [Text] Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 4]

SABC'S NEW MEN--THE Government has appointed Major General J A van Zyl, Chap-
lain Generl of the SADF, and Mr S V Petersen, well-known Coloured poet, as
members of the Board of the SABC. Mr Pik Botha. Minister of Foreign Affairs
and Information, who is responsible for the SABC, said in a statement yester-
day. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 2]

SUGAR DEFICIT--DURBAN--In its latest calculations, the South African Sugar
Association has forecast a deficit of R91,5-million for the 1982-83 season.
Addressing the association's annual meeting in Durban yesterday, the chairman,
Mr Dick Ridgway, said, although world sugar prices had rallied in recent weeks,
a sustained recovery was not expected and the industry had to overcome a serious
financial position during the next season or two. He said further representa-
tions would be made for a 10 percent increase in the local consumer price.

Mr Ridgway said the International Sugar Agreement was not correcting the serious
imbalance between supply and demand on the world market. The South African
sugar industry had been able to maintain its market share in Japan and Canada,
and consolidate its newest market in South Korea. In the United States, how-
ever, there had been a drastic cut in the allocation to that market, becasue

of the introduction of import quotas by the Reagan Administration. At the
meeting, Mr Ridgway was re-elected chairman. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 22 Jul 82 p 25]

103



PUBLIC APATHY TO CIVIL DEFENSE REPORTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Jul 82 p4

[Article by Trevor Jones]

[Text]

| Several misconceptions
exist about the nature
of Civil Defence and
many people believe
that if they joined, “
they would be expected
to carry arms or face
army-style call-ups. a
A booklet published
by the Johannesburg
City Council. defines Ci- ~
‘ vil Defence as “organ. .
' jsed and immediate acw
“tion to deal with/any
“form of disaster.” °° 5

‘This would mean, ex-
plains the hooklet,
steps taken during or
after a disaster to save
lives, protect property
and maintain’ essential ~
services. ‘

The Civil Defence or-
ganisation is divided
into several... sections. +
These include: “Fire:
fighting and" rescue,“
medical, _ maintenance,
care and- ¢omfort, “traf.
fie control, communica-
tions and transport.

Mr Henk van’ Elst,
. Sohannesburg’s Civil
Defence chief, said_no-
body involved in Civil
Defence would have to
carry any form of
arms,

Only a few hours at-
tendance a month was
required of Civil Deten-
ce members, he added.

Any Johannesburg
residents interested in

free first aid courses
heing offered from this
month = should: tele-
Phone 724-0282.

Residents of other
Witwatersrand towns
should contact their re-
spective municipabties.
At. the top of Hough-
ton Drive in Johannes-
burg there is a reno-
vated house behind
mesh with a small
triangular sign on the
wall, But few of the
thousands of people
who pass the building
daily know or care
about its function. .

The red-and-yellow
sign says “Civil De-

. fence”, In the event of

a disaster, all Civil De-
fence activity in Johan-
nesburg ‘Will be co-
ordinated from the
building which is the
command’ headquarters
for the city.

The “Witwatersrand

” fas been spared a maj-

or ‘disaster so far. but
when calamity strikes
the small Civil. Defence
membership in most
towns will face an awe-

-some task trying to

cope with the situation.

Interest in Civil De
fence dropped dramatic
ally after the Civil
Defence Act was amen-
ded in 1978. Now, four

--years later, no Reef

municipality has more

‘thar 600 active volun--

teers.
« Reet. Civil Defence

88

SOUTH AFRICA

“chiefs say “that “al-

though they are not
happy with their mem-
berships, they have
given up grumbling
about it and are trying
to build a solid, well-
trained core of active
members.

Dwindling interest has
made this strategy a
necessity if some form
of civil defence is to
survive the  public’s
apathy. ,

The Johannesburg
Civil Defence organisa.
tion, with 320 members
out of a population of
500 000, is stressing
that each household
should have its own
“membership.”

“We are now oF
fering free first-aid
courses, with no obliga-
tion to join Civil De-
fence,» said Mr Hend
van Elst. the Jouannes-
burg chief.

“Each member of the
home should have a
knowledge of first-aid
and home safety. From
there we will try to get
people ‘interested in ci-
vil defence again.”

Mr Pat Schmidt of
Sandton said: “It's no
use having big cam-
paigns if people drop
out after six months,”

Mr M J van der
Linde. assistant mana-
ger of Randburg’s Civil
Defence Unit, said a
big problem was keep-



cso:

4700/1612

the National Party, if accom-
panied by a demand for a
quid pro quo, may help to
promote the painful transfor-
mation of the party into a
middle-class party.

However, big business
would run a grave risk if it
allowed the PFP to become
marginalised. Apart from the
skilful Urban Foundation
lobbyists it was the PFP, and
in particular Professor Nic
Olivier and Colin Eglin, that
persuaded the Government
to put the bill on black local
government in respectable
shape — the one ray of hope
of the recent session.

It is only the PFP which in

our political system can act
as a watchdog over the im-
plementation of policy, or,
for that matter, over deals
struck between government
and big business. For that
reason alone a strong and vi-
gorous PFP is every bit in
the interest of business. -
+ Hermann Giliomee has left
for England on study leave to
take up the Jan Smuts fellow-
ship awarded by Cambridge
University. This is his last
contribution in the current
series on politics. A collec-
tion of his columns and other
newspaper articles since 1981
has been published by David
Philip entitled “The Parting
of the Ways — South African
Politics 1976-82”.

56



A HIGH-FLYING Canberra bomber
ona reconnaisance mission
over Mozambique alerted Rhode:
sia’s high command to a huge build-
up of terrorists at Pungwe.

This led to one of the most daring
— and most bloody — attacks of the

seven-year war.

Seventy-two Selous Scouts
sneaked over the Mozambique bur-
der in captured, camouflaged Fre-
imo vehicles, raced to Pungwe
base, entered it at 8am, fooled the
Zanla occupants into thinking they
were comrades — and then Spened

OTe final death toll: 1 026 terror-
Asts dead, ‘thousands injured. No
Scouts were killed, and only five
injured.

story of the raid on

The full s1
Pungwe is told for the first time by
General Ron Reid Daly in his book.

Indescribable
“The parade ground suddenly

in front of them (the .

Scouts). There were few men in the
column who did not gasp in amaze-
ment at the sight which greeted
them — thousands of terrorists on

le. :
“There could never have been
enough rehearsals, enough briefings

and mental preparation to have rea-

'PHE spectacular suc-
c¥tses attained by the Se-

fighters to turn
against their former
comrades.

Daring the seven-year
bush war about 800 of these

men, from the Robert
Miceabes Bans forces, were

fall approval of Joint Oper-
ational Command.

"The Day We Killed Over 1,000 Zanla Troops’

died them for the sight which met
their eyes,” Col Reid aly writes,

He quotes one Scout: “I just hope
we don' t es oa a ag

lore than
Zania soldiers milled around the ve vee
hicles — “at least one thing was
erystal clear ... no one suspected
they were Selous Scouts.

“Then one terrorist looked into a
soldier’s clearly European eyes and
raised the alarm.

“The effect was indescribable.

“Two 20mm cannons, a 50 calibre

Browning heavy machinegun, three
30 calibre Browning machineguns,
one 12,7mm “Russian (captured)
heavy machinegun and three twin
7,62 Belgian FN MAG’s plus the indi-
vidual infantry weapons carried by
the Scouts opened up, all at the same

time.
Gale

“Hundreds of terrorists fell to the
fread with the first onslaught of
jets, as though a gale force wind
bad blown them off their feet ...”
The book adds: “A sustained rate
of fire was maintained until’ all
movement on the parade ground
had ceased.”

The crew of one Ferret armoured
car is credited with having shot 150
men dead. ‘

Terrorists Gave Selous Scouts Awesome Reputation

Distasteful

__At first results were un-
spectacular, but improved
once whites were included.

Prime Minister lan Smith’
Ma cictally sald on the idea
of deception groups
ordered that a regiment be
formed specifically to to car-
ry oat such work.

In November, 1973; when
Col Reid Daly was about to

pension from the Rho-
featan Sestan Light Infantry, he was
Walls, cot commander of the
Rhodesian Army, and of-
fered the job of beading the
Selous Scouts.

“We have the means to kill
them (the terrorists) but not
the means to find them. I sin-

Srey believe you can do
General Walls told the
Joudger officer.

Until taking command of
the new regiment, Col-Reid
Daly had had no experience
of black soldiers as the Rho-
desian Light Infantry was an
all-white regiment.

52



GHANA

EXPLANATION OF AGRIPETCO PACT DEMANDED
AB211540 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 21 Jul 82
(Station commentary]

[Text] Agripetco is one of the foreign companies whose operations in Ghana
is still being questioned by patriotic citizens who want to end our economic
slavery and backwardness. Agripetco is aware of this. Agripetco knows very
well that in the present revolutionary situation, it is the target of
scrutiny and questioning. So, like all such companies, it must find ways
and means of surviving, for profits it must make by all means. To survive
therefore, like all profit-motivated companies, it must do several things.
One of them is distortion, lying and confusion.

Yesterday, a Ghana Broadcasting Corporation [GBC] radio and television news
reported that Agripetco is to sink more wells in its Saltpond concession
area. The news item suggested that Agripetco Limited was doing this under

a so-called new agreement. This last issue is some news to us. A new agree—
ment with Agripetco--this is startling information that urges us to ask a few
questions:

1. When was the old agreement of 1 January 1978 abrogated or amended?

2. Who represented Ghana--the Provisional National Defense Council [PNDC], its
secretary for lands and mineral resources or that of fuel and power? Let the
people know.

3. What is new or different in the new agreement if Agripetco's statement
is true?

4. To Agripetco we ask: If there are to be new wells, has the company sub-
mitted a work program to the government? A work program is simply the work
schedule of an oil company about where it is to sink new wells. After the
schedule, the company must submit a weekly report on production and so on.

14



Maj Du Plessis said if too much information was given to the Press, a high se-
curity risk was involved.

He mentioned sabotage incidents as an example where there had to be action
against terrorists. "We cannot disclose details about the persons who were
responsible for the death of the terrorists--it is a security risk."

The daily intelligence summary, which was leaked to the Press, is prepared by

the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA)

and the National Security Agency (NSA) for security-cleared officials dealing
with defence, intelligence and foreign policy.

The sabotage incidents are mentioned in the section on South Africa of intelli-
gence around the world. "The South African Government is attempting to conceal
the extent of terrorist activities in the rural areas," it reads.

cso: 4700/1611

43



VERLIGTHEID SEEN AS AN OBSTACLE TO CHANGE

Degenaar's Speech

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 82 p 9

[Article by John Battersby]

[Text]

Eminent political philosopher Professor Johan
Degenaar broke new ground at the Polstu con-
gress this week when he argued that verligtes
were in fact obstructing the way to fundamen-
tal change in South Africa. Political Correspon-
dent JOHN BATTERSBY, who attended the:
congress in Stellenbosch, has sent this edited
version of Professor Degenaar’s speech.

PROFESSOR Degenaar said!
although it must sound
strange to a generation that
had become accustomed to
the coupling verlig and verk-
ramp with the positive char-
acteristics always loaded on
the side of verligtheid, he
wanted to typify verligtheid
as an obstacle to change.

‘The distinction had had its
validity, but today it was
more a hindrance than a help
because the big question was
that of peaceful fundamental
change.

If it appeared that the ver-
ligtes were not willing to fol-
low the democratic path in
South Africa; if they would
not share power with blacks;
if they would not allow free-
dom of association between

; if they would not ac-
Sept the voluntary member-
ship of groups; if they would
not remove discriminatory
laws from the Statute books
and if they would not aban-
don separate development,
then verligtheid was an ob-
stacle on the path to peaceful
fundamental change.

“Tt is an obstac’ le because
it creates the impreasjon
peaceful change Butsig-only
prepared to allow change

which does not upset the bal-
ance of er.”

Prof Degenaar said the key
concept in the President's
Council's motivation for an
executive president for
whites, coloureds and Indians
was that change could not be
brought about if it was seen
as “a threat to the cardinal
interests of the current domi-
nant group”.

“What the cardinal inter-
ests are, are not spelt out, but
they can well be equated with
the concept of the retention
of white power.

“The big obstacle for the
Afrikaner in his definition of
himself — and therefore the
misconception that exists
among Afrikaners about the
role they must play in the
present dispensation — is the
identification of Afrikaner
culture and Afrikaner power.

“As a moral-critical Afri-
kaner I find myself resisting
this identification, for differ-
ent reasons but particularly
because it is standing in the
way of peaceful fundamental
change.”

The Professor said verligte
Afrikaners were Afrikaners
who were not prepared to co-
operate with peaceful funda-

47

SOUTH AFRICA


S.A. Boilermakers, Iron and Steelworkers, Shipbuilders
and Welders Society, under the dynamic secretary-general
A.J. (Ike) van der Walt. Though the boilermakers are still
segregated at union branch level, the important Geneva-
based International Metalworkers Federation (IMF)
accepts van der Walt’s sincerity when he argues that at
this stage segregation will help produce strong black
leadership.

Another important aspect is the growing consumer
power of black union members. The wage gap between
races is still large, and the current unrest on some gold
mines has been caused by plans to increase white wages
faster than black ones, under pressure from white trade
unionists who argue that the gap has been closing too
fast. It is true, however, that over the last decade the
differentials are narrowing®. Overall, the white-black
pay ratio fell from 5.8:1 in 1970 to 4.3:1 in 1979, and
in mining during the same years from 19.8:1 to 6.6:1.
Black consumer power is continuing to grow. This is
particularly relevant during boycotts of goods produced
by companies deemed to be mistreating its workers. The
consumer boycott has become a strong weapon in the
hands of the unions.

Perhaps the most important trade union development
is the increase in the quality of leadership and organisa-
tion. In this context, there is a debate dividing unionists:
some, generally the most bellicose, emphasise the need
for numbers and a readiness to bring unionism openly
into the political arena by using the strike weapon
frequently. Others, sometimes paradoxically more left-
inclined in terms of pure ideology, insist that the most
important need is to build up a solid organisation for the
future while eschewing overt political activity. The
rationale behind this tactic is to ensure that if the
leadership is harassed or detained, as it often is, the
union has the back-up and structure to carry. on un-
affected. A particular issue that has dogged the union
movement is the question of registration under the
Labour Relations Amendment Act (No 57 of 1981)
which followed publication of the main findings of
Prof. Nic Wiehahn's Commission of Inquiry into Labour
Legislation. Many of the more militant unions are still
refusing to register, on the ground that to do so is to
‘play the system’ by allowing government inspection
of books and other intrusions. Some ‘progressive’
unions, however, have registered on the grounds that the
practical advantages (for example, the ability to make
‘stop orders’ so that monthly worker subscriptions can
be deducted from pay) outweigh the symbolic disad-
vantages. In any case, more and more companies are
coming to recognise unions, whether registered or not,
purely on a basis of whether they represent the majority
of workers in a factory or place of work. This, too, has
been a significant development not anticipated by
government. All in all, legislation flowing from the
Wiehahn Report has uncorked the genie of labour
activism from the bottle, and government knows now

76



GHANA

DEFEAT OF REACTIONARY PROFESSIONALS ADVOCATED
ABO11411 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 31 Jul 82
[Station commentary]

[Text] Ghanaians have come out in their numbers to totally condemn the call
by the association of recognized professional bodies on the PNDC [Provisional
National Defense Council] to hand over political power to a so-called elected
government and their slanders against the 31 December revolution. There have
been mass demonstrations and resolutions by workers and people's defense
committees and progressive organizations in several parts of the country.

This massive opposition to the stand taken by the professional bodies!
association is an indication of the mood of the popular masses and their
determination not to surrender control of their destiny to a bankrupt elite
which has failed the nation miserably in the past. The popular masses are
also demonstrating their developing political awareness of who constitutes
their allies as well as enemies in the struggle for the revolutionary trans-
formation of this comtry. The elements and groups opposed to the advance-
ment of our people's struggle for a genuine national independence and democracy
have intensified their subversive activities in recent times now that they
realize that the 31 December is not turning out to be just another coup d'etat.
These counterrevolutionaries and reactionaries, that is the people who oppose
genuine progress in the society, have adopted all kinds of strategy to prevent
the forward march of the 31 December revolution and to seize political power
again in order to dominate and exploit our people.

They are creating panic in sections of the population spreading vicious rumors
about the PNDC and people associated with the present government and casting
slanders on the revolutionary process. But in this critical phase in our
national history, the masses of our people have shown clearly that they are

in no mood to compromise their hard-won gains over the years and their struggle
for progressive change. And the chairman of the PNDC, Flight Lt Jerry Rawlings,
in his latest broadcast to the nation, has given the firm assurance that the
leadership of the 31 December revolution is determined to advance the
revolutionary process and is fully committed to the radical transformation

of this country and nothing less.



sonnel to set up the first
barracks.

He also bas harsh words
for some top army officers —
and ly harsh criticism
of the Rhodesian intelligence
network. He finally set up his

own intelligence team.
The book provides full de-

“tails of the bloody Battle of

Pungwe (Operation Eland),
and incluges photographs to
show that more than 1000
Zanla fighters were killed in
a lightning raid on the Mo-
zambique camp.
Hitherto, Zanla losses in

that battle were believed to

‘be only 300. :
“We gave up counting after
reaching 800... ,” Col Reid
Daly says.
Heroism

“The actual number of
dead was 1026, with thou-
sands more injured.”

apc dtal and many acts
gra many a
of heroism are listed — in-
cluding how two men acci-
Petrone Sena Sorts ary
withdrew walked back to
Rhodesia in their Eastern
bloc uniforms carrying com-
munist-made weapons .. an
act which could have got
them shot by Rhodesian
Army patrols unaware of
their true identities,

‘Asked about the quality of
the leadership in the Rhode-

high command, Col Reid

aly sald:
it is a fact of life with
every nation before a war
that you have some

\cency.

is usually an un-
willingness to face the facts,
coupled, regretfully, with
le who have gained posi-

ions of high but
who really haven't got the
wherewithal when the crunch
“There fine
were many

young officers up to the rank
of major who were constant-
ly overlooked for higher

“In my own case I had a lot
of ition to the methods
by the Selous Scouts.

qmade a lot of enemies.
People called me bumptious,

al re.’
In a hard-hitting final

51

chapter; Col Reid Dal:
makes {t plain that in 1
“the situation in Rhodesia
was crumbling”.

However, fears began
13: years earlier when, as a
Heutenant, he had gone on

igence
Office, refused to believe the
facts presented by me at a
meeting. He said was over-
mena ag

“ just
and that tracks of Terrorists
were plain to see —T put itinTM
more choice language, and
old Ian Smith nearly fell out
of his chair he was laughing
so much...”
orice te

4 le began to look in-
wards a each other instead
of at the enemy.

“Suddenly that fine shoul-
der-to-shoulder, face-the-
world-together attitude that
had pose ie Rhodesia as one
was ippearing.

“As the drawstrings began
to tighten, the politicians,

ly, had closed their
... Stories of corrup-

Tapping
He hints that tapping his
telephone could have result-
‘ed in the collapse of a, Zam-
bian spy ring set up at the
time ty the Selous

“Michael Broadman, one
of our members — captured
after being sent to set up a

operation in Zambia

ante Zambian prison

pert have

sae, cn PME ave
breach.”

Col Daly was asked if,
faced with another bush war,
he sould undertake raising a
regiment similar to the
lous Scouts.

He paused for a while be-
fore saying:“Yes, I would do.
it again”

i



Cancellation of Soccer Tour Criticized
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 22 Jul 82) ..

Finance Director Says Nation Entering 'Economic Winter'
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Jul 82) ...cseeeseeees sence e cece eee enee oe

Nedbank Arranges Huge Treasury Loan
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 23 Jul 82) .....esececuseceees

Aid Suspension Angers Farmers
(THE CITIZEN, 23 Jul 82) ......... bee cece eee eeeeeeeee oo

Economist on Population Explosion, Labor Unrest
(John Spira; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 4 Jul 82) ......

Details on Organized Labor Given
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 7 Jul 82) ...sesseeeeee

Repatriation of Zimbabwean Workers Reported
(Norman Ngale; SOWETAN, 23 Jul 82) ......... bee ee eeeeeees

Medieval Living Conditions, Diseases Deplored
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 23 Jul 82) ..scscccseceeceeeeee deeeee

Near Record Immigration Increase in 1981 Reported
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 22 Jul 82) ......seeeeeee oe

Ciskei Security Bill Gives Wide Powers
(Barbara Hart; THE STAR, 5 Jul 82) ......eeeeeeeeee teeeeee

Public Apathy to Civil Defense Reported
(Trevor Jones; THE STAR, 6 Jul 82) ...cccecseseeceeee sees

Government Stock Shortage Looms
(Harold Fridjhon; RAND DAILY MAIL, 5 Jul 82) .........4. a

SADF Introduces Career, Compensation Scheme
(Johan Buys; RAND DAILY MAIL, 5 Jul 82) ..

Mineral Exports Drop Fourteen Percent
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 3 Jul 82) ....seeeeeeees

Companies View for Coal Quota Export Allocations
(Adam Payne; RAND DAILY MAIL, 2 Jul 82) ......++.. se ee eee

Slow Brick Orders Reflect State of Economy
(Andrew McNulty; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 4 Jul 82) ..

Industrial Companies Face Major Profit Losses
(John Spira; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 4 Jul 82) ......

66

69

71

72

73

74

83

84

85

86

88

90

92

93

94

95

96



If, of course, the radicals get the rebel clubs to break away and form their
own league, well, so be it.

At least we will know who has destroyed mixed soccer--and it won't be the
Whites.

cso: 4700/1611

68



MUDGE REBUFFS OWAMBO COMMITTEE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 19 Jul 82 p 1

[Text]

~ CHAIRMAN of the Ministérs Coun-.
cil Mr Dirk Mudge has countered the
implementation of a special committee in
northern Namibia to investigate allega-
tions of misconduct against the Security

Forces.

Addressing a Police parade in Oshakati recently,
Mr Mudge said only the Central Government was
responsible for the SWA Police and not the
Owambo Administration.

His address is seen as 4
rebuffal of attempts by the
Owambo Executive
Chairman Peter Kalangula
to launch a joint staidingTM
committee to investigate al-
legations against Security
Forces in the north of the
Territory.

The Ministers Council
will see that the name of
the Security Forces in
northern Namibia is
protected, promised Mr
Mudge.

The SWA Police and
Defence Force fell under
the authority of the Central
Government in Windhoek
and no other Administra-
tion has any say over their

“Torees,- Mi Mudge sate.

“I want to state very
emphatically that you fall
under no other authority,”
said Mr Mudge.

Because the Police in the
north were fighting for the
protection of the whole of
SWA, the Central Govern-
ment would see to their

23

wellbeing, added ~~ Mr
Mudge.

“That is why we will not
only see to your weltare,
and that your bodies are
well cared for, we will also
see that your name is
protected.”

Referring to the many
accusations levelled at
Security Forces in the
north, Mr Mudge said he
thought most of those ac-
cusations are unfair.

“A war is not a game, it
is a very serious. matter
which demands hard men,”
said the Ministers Council
Chairman.

He continued: “What
makes one unhappy is that

“vften Swapo’s unjust deeds-

are not spoken of.. They are
not judged, but you who
are fighting for the safety
of this country, are ac-
cused.”

The Ministers Council in
Windhoek would not allow
the name of the Security
Forces to be smeared, ac-

NAMIBIA


SOUTH AFRICA

CANCELLATION OF SOCCER TOUR CRITICIZED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 6
[Editorial]

[Text] THE FACT that the tour by the overseas soccer players has had to be
called off is a disgrace.

A blot on the name of soccer.

An unncessary capitulation to the Black radicals who carried out a campaign
of intimidation to have the tour cancelled.

A bad omen for the future of mixed soccer in South Africa.

And a setback to the efforts to get individual players in soccer and other sports
to come to South Africa.

All of this, we are sure, is due to the fact that the men who control soccer
in this country did not have the guts to tell the three rebel Black teams--
Kaizer Chiefs, Orlando Pirates and Moroko Swallows--to play or else face stern
disciplinary action.

This should have been done particularly in the case of Kaizer Chiefs, whose
director, Kaizer Motaung, played the biggest role in wrecking the tour.

Bear in mind that the radicals had threatened action before this tour to disrupt
mixed soccer, using the hollow slogan, "no normal sport in an abnormal society,"

but the Black clubs did not crumple before their threats.

There was not need for them to do so this time either, and they wouldn't have
if the consequences had been made known to them firmly and timeously.

Let Down
In the event, South African Breweries, which had backed the tour to the extent

of a couple of million rand, was kicked in the teeth by the very clubs and play-
ers the tour would have helped most.

66


SOUTH AFRICA

WOMAN TELLS COURT OF SECURITY POLICE ASSAULTS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 pp 1, 2
[Article by Sandra Lieberum]

[Text] TWO members of the Johannesburg Security Police, Warrant Officer Nicolas
Johannes Deetlefs and Warrant Officer Lawrence Charles Phillip Prince, appeared
in the Johannesburg Magistrate's Court yesterday after a charge of assault was
laid by Miss Barbara Anne Hogan, who is to stand trial in the Rand Supreme Court
for alleged high treason.

On October 22, the day of the alleged assault, Miss Hogan claims she was told:
"It is only a pleasure to beat up people who are communists and terrorists."

Fist
Warrant Officer Deetlefs (32) of Primrose, Germiston, and Warrant Officer Prince
(31) of Springs, have pleaded not guilty to assaulting Miss Hogan by hitting

her with a clenched fist or open hand across the face, head, ears and back.

When being hit across the ears, she claims, she was told a person's eardrum
could be burst that way.

Communist

Miss Hogan was detained on September 22 at the time of the alleged assault she
was being held under Section Six of the Terrorism Act.

On the day in question, she said the investigating officer left the interroga-
tion room. A policewoman was told to handcuff Miss Hogan's hands behind her
back and she was seated on a chair.

"Both accused then started to interrogate me very aggressively, shouting at
me and calling me a communist and a terrorist."

She was refused permission to go to the toilet and was sworn at, she said.
Warrant Officer Prince then started hitting her, she said. He walked around

and struck her between questions. "He made a special point of hitting me on
my ears."

59



GHANA

BRIEFS

NOMINEES TO INVESTIGATING BOARD--The government has accepted the nomination
of four persons to constitute the Special Investigations Board which is

to supervise the investigations into the abduction and murder of the

three high court judges and the retired army officer. They are Mr Justice
Samuel Azu Crabbe, a retired chief justice, who is the chairman of the
board; Mr C.E. (Quist), a representative of the Bar Association; Mr T.0.
Lindsay, a nominee of the Provisional National Defense Council; and

Mr J.0. Amuih, chief state attorney and representative of the Attorney
General's Office. Representatives of the Christian Council and the
Catholic Secretariat are yet to be nominated and presented to the government.
The board is expected to start work immediately and receive evidence and
memoranda from the general public. An official statement issued in Accra
this evening and [words indistinct] establishment of the board, the govern-
ment has promulgated a law to give legal backing to the work of the board.
In the meantime, the special technical investigations team led by the
secretary for the interior is continuing with investigations into the
matter. [Text] [AB281910 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT

28 Jul 82]

GASOLINE LAW REVIEW BODY--The government has set up a nine-member committee
to review the draft petroleum law of 1982. The National Provisional
Defense Council [PNDC] secretary for fuel and power, Mr Appiah Korang, is
chairman of the committee, with Mr N.B. Asafo-Adjei of the Petroleum
Department of the ministry as secretary. The committee is expected to
hold its first meeting at the Ministry of Fuel and Power on Friday morning.
[Excerpts] [AB271910 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 27 Jul 82]

16



[19 Jul 82 pp 1866-67]

[Text]

IT IS BECAUSE of the crucial significance of the
budget in the determination of economic per-
formance that I believe that future budgets
should not merely replicate those of the past. 1
also believe that the current situation presents us
with a unique opportunity to take a hard and
close look at the budgetary process.

I wish to stress that the Budget is not merely a
matter of revenue and expenditure provisions
Far more importantly, it is an instrument of
economic policy and management which is
capable of powerfully influencing economic
behaviour. Indeed, the Budget ultimately re-
flects the policy decisions taken in other spheres
of economic activity and may, from that point of
view, be considered a crucial instrument of
policy.

The present economic situation demands ma-
jor decisions in a number of important areas of
policy. Decision are required in the areas of debt
management, trade policy, the size and structure
of the development programme, pricing poli-
cies, the future of parastatal bodies, fiscal
reform, monetary and credit policies, indeed the
whole gamut of economic and financial control.

The level and composition of government
expenditure needs to be examined in greater
detail, to ascertain whether the annual increases
that we have come to accept are justified, and
whether the machinery of government could not
function adequately at less cost.

Details of such economic and financial policy
measures will be given at a later date, but there
is no doubt that an effective programme requires
concerted action in several areas. I would like to
spend the rest of my time this morning in
outlining some necessary elements of such a
programme. Above all, we must affirm the
following policy goals as fundamental:

(a) _ the restoration of financial stability and

fiscal discipline;

(b) the eventual resumption of economic
growth, and increase in productive in-
vestment and growing employment
‘opportunities;

(c) the continued welfare of our people and
particularly the lower income group
both in the towns and the rural areas.

The starting point in the achievement of these
goals will be the 1982/83 Budget. The following
areas of concern are therefore suggested:

First, Government will take firm steps to
discourage extra-budgetary expenditures in fis-
cal year 1982/83. This is why I plead with my
colleagues to examine carefully the priorities
within their Ministries to see which expenditures
they would postpone and which to include in the
budget for Fiscal Year 1982/83. A firm political
resolve has to be made and demonstrated on this
issue, otherwise any financial programme will
collapse.

Second, all spending programmes will be
carefully scrutinised and pruned. Areas I would

33

recommend to my colleagues for particular
scrutiny are:

(a) commitment of public funds by con-
tracts and purchase orders;

(b) expenditure on foreign travel;

(c) remittances, whether to embassies, the
Provinces or to departments and in-
stitutions in Freetown;

(d) purchase of equipment, supplies and

fuel;

(e) purchase, maintenance and storage of
vehicles;

(f) employment practices in Ministries and
Departments:

Third, given the present financial position,
emphasis in the Development Budget should be
placed on productive, on-going projects, espe-
cially those with firmly committed foreign
financing, rather than on new ones.

Fourth, in view of the country’s low capacity
for servicing external debt, it will be essential for
the Government to avoid contracting new exter-
nal loans, particularly those with short-term
maturities. At the same time, Government will
make every effort to meet its obligations to its
creditors, both local and foreign, with special
consideration given to small businessmen. Con-
currently, where appropriate, we shall seek
rescheduling of our obligations.

Fifth, with regard to revenue, it is the
Government's intention to consider seriously
the various tax reforms that have been recom-
mended in several multilateral and bilateral
technical assistance studies. The aim will be to
increase the elasticity and buoyancy of tax
revenues, without increasing economic disincen-
tives to production and investment. In addition,
Government will launch a sustained campaign to
improve general revenue and tax administration
and collection.

Sixth, as a measure to improve public accoun-
tability, the accounting problems of the Govern-
ment will be given high priority. The monitoring
and control capabilities of the Ministry of
Finance will be enhanced (for example by the
setting up of an inspectorate division to monitor
financial operations). With regard to the Audit
function emphasis will be placed on continuous
and current audit without disregarding statutory
requirements, and steps will be taken to enforce
strict compliance with the directives, reports and
recommendations of the Auditor-General.

Seventh, Public Corporations and parastatals
will be required to show an improvement in their
budgetary practices and in their economic and
financial performance. ~

Finally, strong measures will be designed to
arrest the rapid expansion of smuggling and
black market transactions, in order to stem the
erosion of the tax base and to augment official
foreign exchange reserves. At the same time
there will be a realistic appraisal of the reasons
for such smuggling, particularly of coffee and
cocoa, and steps will be taken in consultation



cso:

4700/1612

It was only later that he
came to realise the worth of
the black soldier. _

“I came to know and un-
derstand the African soldier
and began to realise that the
qualities of a soldier rest not
at all on the colour of his skin,
but on the man himself.”

In Johannesburg this week,
Col Reid Daly agreed that the
concept of turning a soldier

was “distasteful”.

“tHe said:“The idea of using
the enemy goes against the
grain, bat. makes’ good

“We bad 800 of these men
in the regiment, of whom 250
Were operational at any giv-
en time. To successfully turn
them we had to show trust
and faith.

. Disguise
“This we would achieve by
iving the man a rifle from
which the firing pin had been .
removed'— he never knew
this — and after 10 days or so
‘we would surreptitiously re

Place a the te pin.
me worked very
well a fog throughout the war.

53

Only séven took off.

“Our saving grace here
was that in Rhodesia there
had always been a very good
relationship between white
and black.

“Even in the worst days of
the war soldiers on oper-
ational duty would get @
wave and a smile from the
locals.

“The turning of the terrs
was a breakthrough indeed.
‘We adopted the saying of
Chairman an Mao - that our
men ‘flowed through the area
Ike fish through water’ ”.

One of the trickiest
lems for the Selous Scouts
‘was how to effectively dis-
guise its white members.

“It is impossible for a
white to pose as a black. His
features and mannerisms are
different.

of irritation to the army.”
The men also Lena

their faces, wore flop

and would lie low di

day to avoid detection.


LIBERIA

IMMIGRATION OFFICIAL INTERVIEWED ON ALIENS
AB282150 Monrovia Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 28 Jul 82

[Text] Heads of ministries and government agencies who continue to conceal
the identity of aliens in their employ are embarrassing the Bureau of
Immigration and Naturalization in effecting the aliens' screening scheme.
Deputy immigration commissioner for administration, David Bassel, made the
charge today in an interview with the Liberian News Agency [LINA] and
emphasized that certain ministers and directors had failed to submit the
names of suspected aliens to his bureau for scrutiny. He also charged that
some government officials have failed to dismiss aliens found guilty of
falsifying Liberian citizenship in order to get employment in the country.
Mr Bassel said such behavior does not conform to the aims and objectives

of the revolution and the government's Liberianization policy.

He said if the heads of these ministries and agencies do not cooperate
with the bureau, his office will devise a strategy that would uncover
the identities of such aliens [words indistinct].

Commissioner Bassel hinted the ministries of agriculture, finance and
public works as being among those government agencies that had not yet
cooperated with the screening scheme. He, however, praised the ministries
of commerce, justice, posts and telecommunications and health and social
welfare for their cooperation with his bureau during the scheme.

He later explained that the exercise was not intended to release the
aliens from their jobs, but rather to legalize their status in the country
and at the same time, make Liberianization workable.

According to the LINA, since the screening scheme started in the middle of
last year, Mr Bassel has said about 50 aliens employed at government
ministries and agencies have been investigated and found guilty of taking
Liberian citizenship, but regretted the lack of money to speed up their
deportation. He later warned citizens who are in the habit of aiding aliens
to falsify Liberian citizenship to desist from such practice or face
punishment whenever caught.

cso: 4700/1624

19



CISKEL SECURITY BILL GIVES WIDE POWERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 82 p 19

{Article by Barbara Hart]

[Text]

“FAST LONDON — A
‘trip through  Ciskei
weaves one with
jhoughts on agriculture
wand conservation and a
Xomantic admiration
for the apparent tran-
.quillity of the tradi-
,tional African lifestyle.
.;_ This peaceful picture
ids the one President
Lennox Sebe would
Hike to show to the
world. Investors and in-
<dustrialists may be
xérightened off if they
“believe Ciskei is -un-
yotable, he has often
paid. «
a-¥et a glance at
afecent media reports
indicate that Ciskei is
‘mot as peaceful as he
swould like it tobe, and
“mot: all accept the stat-
‘Us. quo.
“e At least 19 have
Sheen ‘detained since
<tApril.: Some have ap-
“peared on charges un
der the Terrorism Act.,
Others are still being
investigated.
,Chief Sebe has told
the National Assembly
of. three “terrorist” en:
counters in Mdantsane.
Ciskei security forces
in a blitz from June 16
to 26 confiscated large
. quantities of pamphlets
of the African National
Congress and the Pan-
Africanist Congress and
made many arrests.

Conflict between the —

independent trade
union movement, based

86

in East London, and
the Ciskei Government
continues. After the
recent detention of
three trade unlonists
a union spokesman
condemned “the com-
plete terrorism against
trade unionists by the
Ciskeian Government.”

The security head,
Major-General Charies
Sebe, claims the deten-
tions had nothing to do
with . union activities
but were for furtnering
the “aims of the:.SA
Communist Party and
the ANC.”

Each time Chief Sebe
has announced an en-
counter with “ter.
rorists,” he has assured
the House that the
State is safe because of
the work of the “Sons of
the Ciskei" in the secu-
rity forces.

Last week the Natio
nal Security Bill, which
gives wide powers to
Commander-General of
Security Chartes Sebe,
was read a.third time.

Chief -Sebe, during
the -second reading,

,Said there were “drastic

measur in parts of
the Bill, “But we believe
those to be a necessary
and fair set of counter
measures to defend our
orderly society agamst
anarchy and = revolu-
tion.”

The Bill, which
Tepeals 34 Acts, inclu-

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

MOST COMMUNITY COUNCILS TO POSTPONE ELECTIONS
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 1

[Article by Sam Mabe]

MOST COMMUNITY councils’
will again postpone their
elections for another year.

This is as a result of delays in the
implementation of the new Black
Local Authorities Act. in terms of
which councils are to be run.

The new Act will also give councils more
powers and municipality status.

A-Préss liaison officer for the
Department of Co-operation and .
Development. Mr Johan Oosthuizen,
yeSterday said his department had left it in

the hands of individual councils to decide -

whether they would like to go ahead. with
September's elections or not.

.. He said it would be on the basis of a~

feedback from the councils that his *

department would make a decision on the
matter.

Mr Oosthuizen said the new Act differed
appreciably in regulations and its

provisions from the existing Community: *

Councils-Act. It was due to the differences .
in the two that the new Act could not be
implemented. .

The new Act will require the drawing up
of a new voters’ -list because voters’
qualifications had ‘changed. Also, wards
had to ,be re-zoned and regulations for
finance and staff for the councils compiled.

The Soweto Council is reported to have

“decided on postponing theelections

because of the Act, which, according to Mr
Oosthuizen, would take some time before
being implemented.

Mr Knox Matjila, of the Vaal-Triangle
Community Council, said September
elections would cost the council about
R20 000 and. if other elections were to be
held again after the implementation of the:
new Act, it would mean spending almost
the same amount again. He said his council
would also postpone elections. :

Chairman of the Diepmeadow
Community Council Mr J C Mahuhushe
was to have released a statement late
yesterday afternoon on'whether or not his
council ha@ decided on postponing
elections.

Other.councils that
have already decided on
postponing their
elections include
Mohlakeng. Mamelodi
and Dobsonville.

Mr Siegfried
Manthata, of the
powerful Soweto
makgotla, has atfacked
the postponement by
the Soweto Council...

cso: 4700/1611

40



The biggest ANC conundrum still remains Buthelezi’s
Inkatha, by far the largest political organisation above
board in South Africa, with around a quarter of a
million paid up members. Although officially Inkatha
is damned out of hand by the ANC, and in Soweto it is
probable that its support has been overtaken by the
ANC. a substantial number of South Africa’s 6 million
Zulus, the biggest ethnic group in the country, still
follow Buthelezi. In addition, many Zulus feel that the
ANC is dominated by Xhosa-speakers at the expense of
the Zulu’. The ANC knows it cannot go too far in its
hostility to the Zulu leader. For his part, Buthelezi knows
that time is not on his side. The longer he proves unable
to produce the political goods, the more his support will
drift towards the ANC. For the.South African govern-
ment, the intrinsic differences between Buthelezi, the
ANC and the trade unions may be exploited in the short-
term: but in the end they are all heading in the same
direction ¢
Footnotes
1, The vast majority of nationalist-minded black trade unionists

belong to five groupings. The Big live are:

The Kederation of South African Trade Unions (VOSATUY

under secretary-general Joe Foster. Now ‘over 100,000

strong, FOSATU itself is dependent on three main unio

i) National Allied and Automobile Workers’ Association

(NAAWU), led by secretary-general Fred Sauls, Over 12,000

workers. ii) Metal & clllicd Workers’ Union (MAWU), led by
retary-gencral David Sibabi. 30,000 members.

National Union of Textile Workers, Wed by sceretary-
general Obed Zuma. 13,000 members .
FOSATU is strictly multi-ra
leading members, Calvin Nkabinda,
Engineering and Allied Worke
SATU is flexible on the registration question, allowing its
member nations to register if they think it advantageous. The
Council of Unions of SA (CUSA) embraces 49.000 members
under president Albert Mosenthal and sceretary-general
Phiroshaw Camay. It accepts registration under government
regulations, but has a pro-Black Consciousness philosophy
The South African Allied Workers’ Union (SAAWUY has I
the fastest gowth, mainly in Fast London with at ts

expelling one of its
encrabsecretary. of the

dent Thozamile Gqueta
elana, all of whom are detained
weoeyt Black Consciowaness, it is a predominantly “tick
movement, whereas FOSATU ha
many Coloured (including its sec
places. SAAWU has a reputation for bel
only, perhaps, by Government Zini’s Mocor <Assemilers &
Component Workers’ Union (MACWUSA), which shares the
same approach, Some would say it amounts to “Tinesis too
short. Strike first. talk later’. SAAWU and MACWUSA both
strongly against registration. 1
The General Workers* fon (GWU. is aa important body
tered and unaffiliated to a major
Sveretary-general: David Membership
Over 18.000.

The African Food and Conning Workers” Union (ATCWL.
which, now in conjunction with the Pord amt Canine
Workers, has over 18.000 members under the secretary of
Jan Theron. It is also opposed to registration.
An invaluable guide to trade union s is Working Paper

81



SIXTY KLOOF MINERS FACE PUBLIC VIOLENCE CHARGE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 22 Jul 82 p 2

{Article by Len Kalane]

[Text]

cso:

“SIXTY black mineworkérs, arrested during the unrest at the Kloof goid

mine early this month, will:appear before a Westonaria magistrate’ Ss:
court tomorrow, charged with public violence.

4700/1611

~ According to the”
lawyer acting for the 60
men, Mr Solly Mo-
nyatsi, the miners have
been held in custody
since the violence broke
out at Kloof around July
6, when miners went on
strike over pay disputes.
The 60 have been held
at the Krugersdorp
prison awaiting trial. ~
The miners, said to be-
mostly migrant labour-
ers from Lesotho, were
arrested during the trou-,
ble-torn days when most
of the mines in that area
went out on strike after,
new pay scales were an-

. nounced for blacks.

Damage was caused to-

mine property when '-

58

angry workers allegedly ~

went on the rampage.

Riot-squad police had
to be called in to supple-
ment mine security staff
as violence got out of.
hand at the mine. The
divisional commissioner
of the West Rand police
was also called in to ad-’
dress the miners in an:
attempt to allay their:
anger.

Séveral ‘miners were”

arrested that day, and’
others were sent to hos-
pital with injuries sus-
tained in the unrest,
Hundreds of minework-
ers were also sent’ to
their “homelands” and
had their contracts
cancelled. __

SOUTH AFRICA



CSO:

4700/1616

v

. See the Rockefeller-funded Re

ued by the Sowcheen Afpice
‘arch (nit (SALDRU) in Cape

No. 45 by Shirley Miller i
Labour and Development K
Town.

» About 40% of mineworkers are still foreigners on contract,

mainly from Lesotho, Swaziland and Mozambique.
wort on US Policy Toward
ring Running Out, pSO,

South Africa (South Africa: Ti

. Other leading trade unionists detained in the past: year

include ma Mashinini (later released) of the Commicedial
Catering and Allied Workers’ Union: Rita Ndzanga (ater
released) of GAWU: Eric Mntonga of SsLEWtS Ds Liz
loyd of the Mndustrial Vid Society: and many others.

» The Trade Union Council of SA (WUCSA) betore the

Wiehain Report, encouraged ‘parallel’ (ice ed) unions
for members of different races within the sime industry.
These unions were regarded as ‘sweetheart unions’ or Uncle
Toms by the nationalist-minded blacks. But TUCSA has hati
to become increa reformist in order to retain its bkick
membership.

. See the invaluable 6-volume report of the Buthelezi Com-

mission, issued carlier this year ~ largely the work of Prof.,
Lawrence Schlemmer,

Though Albert Luthuli, long-serving ANC president wasia
Zulu (related to Buthelezi), the only top Zulus now in the
ANC are Moses Mabida, who is also 5 yerenertl ov the
SA Communist Party, and Johnay Makatini, representative at
the UN. President Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Walter
Sisulu, Govan Mbeki, secretary general Alfred Nzo are stl
Xhosa.

82



ZIMBABWE

STUTTAFORD IN COURT; CASE POSTPONED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 3

[Text] HARARE--Mr Wally Stuttaford, the detained Republican Front politican,
appeared in a Harare Magistrate's Court yesterday accused of plotting to over-
throw the State.

He was charged with contravening a section of the Preservation of Constitution—
al Government Act and was remanded until Monday.

Senior public prosecutor, Mr Peter Batty, told the court the substance of the
charge was that Mr Stuttaford had organised and held meetings with other peo-
ple with a view to overthrowing the Government by unconstitutional means.

Mr Batty asked the court to remand Mr Stuttaford for 14 days until August 4
and presented a Ministerial certificate from the Minister of Home Affairs,

Dr. Herbert Ushewokunze, precluding the court from granting bail on the grounds
that public security was likely to be prejudiced if he were given bail.

Mr Richard Horn, for Mr Stuttaford, opposed a 14-day remand and also chal~
lenged the validity of the Ministerial certificate precluding bail.

He pointed out that Mr Suttaford had been in detention for more than seven
months already.

After a public statement by the Prime Minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, that Mr
Stuttaford and others would be brought to trial soon, Mr Stuttaford's legal
representatives had written to the authorities on three separate occasions
since January 14 asking when he would be brought to trial.

The state was unable to set a trial date for Mr Stuttaford.
Mr Batty said he assumed the trial would be heard in the High Court, but no
decision could be taken until the Attorney-General's office had examined the

docket on the case.

Mr Horn said that if the Attorney-General had not yet seen the docket it led
one to wonder why Mr Stuttaford had been brought before the court for remand.

117



SWANU Takes Issue

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 82 p 3

[Text]

WINDHOEK: The South West African National
Union — which claims it was Namibia’s first liberation
movement — yesterday accused the West of taking mat-
ters into its own hands and ignoring the wishes of the
Namibian people.

It warned that the West would have to bear full
responsibility for the resultant “mess in Namibia.”

Commenting in Windhoek yesterday on the an-
nouncement by the Western Contact Group that all par-
ties concerned had agreed to-constitutional principles for
SWA independence, Swanu’s Foreign Secretary, Mrs
Nora Chase, charged: “We know nothing about it. We
were never consulted about the principles. What are
they?”

“It is obvious that the Western Five have decided that
the independence of SWA is their business and that they
do not care about the wishes or feelings of the Namibian
people,” she added.

“I just hope that when we are faced with the mess, the
West will have the honesty to say “we did it” and bear
full responsibility for it,” she said.

Mrs Chase said Swanu was the “true father of the
liberation movement in Namibia.”

The organisation was formed in September 1959,
before the formation of Swapo. Many of Swapo’s top
figures, including the leader of the guerrilla organisation,
Mr Sam Nujoma, served on Swanu’s executive during its
formative years, she said.

Kicking of Internal Parties

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jul 82 p 3

[Text]

WINDHOKK: The an-
nouncement that all parties
concerned had agreed to
constitutional principles for
SWA independence met
with a mixed reception in
Windhoek yesterday —
with initial reaction vary-
ing from guarded indif-
ference to anger and, in
some cases, open hostility.

The Secretary-General
of the Namibia
Independence Party, Mrs
Otillie Abrahams, referred
to the agreement as a
“flagrant disregard of the
Namibian people’s right to
self-determination.”

The NIP was member of
the predominantly Black
nationalist umbrella
organisation, the Namibia
National Front.

“I really don’t know
what these people (the
Western five) are up to.

“When they were here
the last time, they
promised us that all parties
here would have to sign a
document before any
agreement could be
reached.

“But now it appears
they’ve changed the rules
of the game and they have
just gone ahead and

27

presented the document to
the UN without our back-
ing,” Mrs Abrahams said.

As far as was known,
none of the local SWA par-
ties were consulted about
the principles regarding a
constitution and  con-
stituent assembly for
SWA.

“Previously, they (the
Western Five) made a
pretence of consulting us.
But now they don’t even
bother to do even that any
more,” she said.

“We're all just being
kicked around... and that
includes Swapo,” she ad-
ded.



options of our partners, and at the moment nobody knows Angola's future
options. Angola cannot make a choice now because it is at war."

"The Franco-Angolan Commission will meet at the end of the year, Mr Cot
explained, and France will intensify its efforts. Beginning from next
year, France will be able to double its effort in the field of technical
assistance and the assistance that the Central Economic Cooperation Fund
will give to Angola," he concluded.

cso: 4719/1205



SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE KEEP BACK NEWS ON SABOTAGE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Jul 82 p 10
{Article by Chris Steyn]

[Text] POLICE admitted yesterday that they had withheld information about some
sabotage incidents, but insisted they had no information about explosions men-
tioned in an American report.

The Citizen had approached the Police Directorate of Public Relations in Pretor-
ia regarding a report that sabotage blasts took place in January and February
this year and that the Press was unaware of them.

According to a United States Government intelligence document marked "Top Sec-
ret", repairs at the scenes of these blasts were done in secret to avoid
publicity.

This information was given to the Press by the director of the black American
foreign policy lobbying organisation Transafric, Mr Randall Robinson.

Major W J du Plessis of the SAP Directorate of Public Relations told The Citizen
police withheld information about a sabotage blast only when the blast took
place in a "key area" such as Escom and Pelindaba.

This was done for "security" reasons.

He stressed, however, that the directorate had no knowledge of sabotage blasts
in key areas during the period mentioned in the secret document.

The directorate further denied that information was withheld from the Press
during that period.

Apart from not being prepared to give information about sabotage incidents in
so-called key areas, Maj Du Plessis said the police would not give information
about sabotage incidents in independent states, as they were not allowed to
do so.

An American document further says the South African Government is considering

even tighter Press restrictions because it believes that Press reports benefit
the banned African National Congress.

42



ANGOLA

FRENCH ROLE IN ANGOLAN-CUBAN ISSUE DISCUSSED
AB272010 Paris AFP in French 0855 GMT 27 Jul 82

[Text] Luanda, 27 Jul (AFP)--Today, France plays a very important role
within and outside the group of "five" (Great Britain, FRG, Canada, the
United States and France), French Cooperation and Development Minister
Jean-Pierre Cot said at the end of his 3-day official visit to Angola.

"Concerning South Africa, apartheid and the situation in the whole of
southern Africa, France has adopted a clear-cut position and is in the
position of being the advocate of the frontline states" (Angola, Botswana,
Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe), he explained.

"France's efforts have contributed to the apparent evolution of the situa—
tion in Namibia," the minister added. "In addition to that, it can play an
important role outside the group of "five," whose duty is to see to the
implementation of UN Resolution No 435 on Namibia."

He continued: "There are other questions which should not be linked with
this issue--I am specifically referring to the Cuban presence in Angola.
Having been able to win a certain measure of confidence, France has a role
to play in the Cuban issue, and is ready--when it is called upon to do so--
to undertake the establishment of guarantee formulas which would be very
useful for a diplomatic evolution of the situation."

Concerning the signing of the general cooperation agreement between France
and Angola on Monday, Mr Cot stated: "Today it is difficult to determine
the major principles of cooperation with Angola, because it is at war.
Meanwhile, we are thinking of responding to the priorities that the Angolans
will present to us in the areas in which we can be useful...telecommuni-
cations, technological training, research...these are emergency sectors,"
he specified.

"In the political field, the path followed by Angola after the solution of
the Namibian issue and the inflexions of its regime are important deter—
mining factors of the nature of our cooperation," the minister continued.
"Our style of cooperation changes radically according to the political



SACRIFICES NEEDED TO SAVE SLPMB

London WEST AFRICA in English 19 Jul 82 p 1912

[Text]

Sierra Leone Produce Market-
ing Board (SLPMB\ has appealed
to its buying agents to sell all
produce bought from farmers to
the Board and to desist from the
growing practice of smuggling to
neighbouring countries so as to
help the Board derive maximum
foreign exchange for the benefit of
the country (a correspondent
writes from Freetown)

The appeal was made during a
meeting between the Directors of
the Board and buying agents at the
Board's headquarters in
Freetown. The meeting was also
attended by the press and three
Government ministers

The managing director of the
Board. Mr. Musa Suma said that
smuggling had grown out of all
proportion in the recent past. He
attributed this to the fact that
buying agents were able to get
foreign exchange, notably dollars,
when they smuggle produce to
neighbouring countries. The dol-
lars. he said, are then changed on
the black market for Le2.50 each
instead of $1 for Lel which is the
official exchange rate. He said that
the Board’s intelligence agents
have found bags belonging to the
SLPMB in Liberia, and added:

“This situation is no good. We
not only lose the produce which
would have brought’ much needed
foreign exchange to the country,
but we also lose our bags which,
incidentally ran into short supply
during the last buying season. A
year ago, the Board had to use its
price maintenance fund built up
‘over the years to keep the fevel of
rates paid to farmers. Subsidies
thus provided ran to the tune of
Le8m. This year, the Board will
also have to subsidise farmers, but

36

this can’t go on for long: otherwise
the Board will collapse”

Mr. Suma called for sacrifice on
all fronts. particularly on the part
of buying agents for the national
good, and stated that already. a lot
Of facilities enjoyed by manage-
ment have been cut back. He said
that the Board had also replen-
ished its stock of bags and that
the present stock will last for four
years.

He said that according to the
rules. every buying agent should
supply at least 250 tons of produce
per year to qualify for renewal of
licence and regretted that very few
buying agents met this quota this
year, although statistics showed
that farmers were producing a
good quantity of the various pro-
duce. Forty-four buying agents. he
said, had so far sold nothing to the
Board.

The managing director spoke of
plans for streamlining the payment
system for buying agents and to set,
up three buying centres in the
produce areas in the Provinces
where they can sell their produce
to the Board in order to minimise
the expenses and difficulties of
travelling to Freetown.

The Resident Minister, Eastern
Province, Mr. B. S. Massaquoi
and the Minister of State in the
Office of the President, Mr. Tam-
ba Juana appealed to buying
agents to be nationalistic and “put
the nation before self”. They said
that everything possible will be
done to improve security arrange-
ments on the borders to minimise
smuggling.

The Secretary of the Buying
Agents Union, Mr. Musa Gen-
demeh, on behalf of his colleagues
expressed dissatisfaction, over the

SIERRA LEONE



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

MUNDIA HAILS YUGOSLAV RELATIONS--YUGOSLAVIA is one of the few countries which
has economic and political ties with both UNIP and the Government, Prime Min-
ister Mundia said yesterday. Speaking when the new ambassador to Yugoslavia
Mr Gilbert Robert Zimba called on him at the office, Mr Mundia said: "There
are joint economic ventures between the Party and Yugoslavia, as well as eco-
nomic ventures between the Zambian Government and Yugoslavia." He urged Mr
Zimba to strengthen the already existing good relations between Lusaka and Bel-
grade. The Prime Minister said Mr Zimba should count himself"a lucky man going
to a country with conducive political climate for furthering good relations
between the two countries." Since Yugoslavia was a founder member and pillar
of the non-aligned movement Mr Zimba's posting there should go a long way in
strengthening the movement which serves to lessen tension between the super
powers. [Excerpt] [Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES of English 18 Jul 82 p 7]

cso: 4700/1619

116



We do not question these things because as some Ghanaian agents of exploita-
tion claim, GBC is against multinationals. We do not hate multinationals--
we hate their brazen and mindless exploitation of our people, and in some
cases, their arrogant interference in our political life. We question
Agripetco's credibility because the 1978 agreement is a living example of
how a sovereign country can sell its resources for nothing.

Under the 1978 license agreement, according to a World Bank report in 1980,

the Ghana Government receives 12 1/2 percent royalty from the oil Agripetco
exploits. Twelve and a half percent only. This the government can choose

to take in the form of oil or dollars. The agreement also requests the company
to provide a maximum of 50 percent of the oil to the government, who in turn
would pay Agripetco for this in foreign exchange at the world market rate.

The quotation from the World Bank is a partial summary of the sell-out
agreement--such an agreement when every year the fuel bill takes up practically
the greater portion of our national income.

The implications of the 1978 agreement with Agripetco are more than we can deal
with in this commentary. We will find another time to reexamine it for the
lackeys of foreign exploitation to see, and for honest citizens to understand
why we cannot. take Agripetco's noises as credible.

The PNDC must clarify the situation for the people. Has the Agripetco agree-

ment been changed? What do we gain now? If not, then Agripetco must not
add lies to its sins.

CSO: 4700/1632



For all honest, patriotic, progressive, revolutionary citizens, the only
direction we can march is forward. This determination to advance the

31 December revolution must be strengthened from day to day. The forces
of reaction and counterrevolution, wherever they are lurking, must be
routed and defeated. For we know how unscrupulous and blood-thirsty these
elements are. Even in peaceful times they commit monstrous crimes against
our people by depriving our hospitals of drugs, our people of their food,
our schools of textbooks, our roads of public transport and our nation as
a whole of real development. We can guess how vicious they will get when
progressive forces allow them to stage a comeback into the political
leadership and this is no speculation. The history of El Salvador, Chile,
Indonesia and many other countries, including Ghana after the June 4 period,
is there for us to learn from, The masses are on the move forward. No
diversion. No U-turn. Now is the time to drive all reactionaries from
state offices, from all public platforms and off the streets. Not an inch
of ground must be conceded to them. The people must win. Revolution or
death.

CsO: 4700/1632

10



ZAMBIA

Merger of Steel Trading-Export Groups Reported
(Stephen Orpen; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 4 Jul 82) ...

Volkswagen Car Plant Plans To Re-Open
(SOWETAN, 22 Jul 82) .icsececscsccceecececncucs eben eeeeee

Briefs
Refrigerators to Zaire
West German Investment
Icodev Coal Allocation
Excom Order
Azapo Public Meeting
Aborted Soccer Tour
Industrial Workers Strike
Mushana Students Suspended
Omega Coal
Maize Estimate Trimmed
Offer to Car Workers
Venda Claims
Riot Damage Insurance
Ford Seeks Naawu Assurance
SABC's New Men
Sugar Deficit
SAIRR Praises Buthelezi
Call for Thandani Release
Car Workers' Raise
Azapo Health Demands

Minister Raps ZFE for Laxity in Instructing Employers on Redundancy
(Various sources, various dates) .......eeee0e seen eee eeeees

Minister Kabwe's Statement
Ignoring Economic Realities 'Dangerous', Editorial

Army Public Relations Officer's Firing
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jul 82) ....... ee

AFC May Collapse Because of Farmers' Failure To Repay Loans
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 17 Jul 82) .....-seeeeee

ZNBS Attempting To Solve Teachers’ Housing Problems
(Various sources, various dates) ....sseeeeeeeee bee eeeeeeee

Three-Fold Program
ZNUT ‘Cautiously Welcomes’ Program

Nation Chosen for UNCTAD Transportation Survey
(SUNDAY TIMES, 18 Jul 82) ........e00. Seen neeeeeeeeeee see

98

99

100
100
100
101
101
101
101
101
102
102
102
102
102
103
103
103
104
104
104
104

106

109

110

111

113



MINISTER RAPS ZFE FOR LAXITY IN INSTRUCTING EMPLOYERS ON REDUNDANCY

Minister Kabwe's Statement

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 18 Jul 82 pl

[Text]

ZAMBIA

LABOUR and Social Services Minister Mr Basil Kabwe has hit

out at the Zambia Federation of Employers (ZFE) for its alleged

laziness in teaching employers procedures on redundancies.

The recent sackings of
238 workers at Contract
Haulage and 20 at
Leopold Walford were in
part because of ‘“‘igno-
rance of procedures in-
volved’”’ in laying-off
workers, he said.

But Mr Kabwe said there
was no evidence yet that the
sackings at Contract Haulage,
Leopold Walford and Zesco
where 400 workers went on
strike over delayed payment of
salary increases, were /politi-
cally motivated.

There has been speculation
that some managements were
laying off workers to antago-
nise the workers against the
Party in view of next year’s
Presidential and General Elec-
tions.

«Commenting on_ the | re-
~ dtindancie, Mr Kabwe said:

“‘Zesco was a different case.
Workers went on an illegal
strike and after negotiations
management decided to re-
instate the dismissed workers.

“In the case of Contract
Haulage and Leopold Walford,
there seems to be a great deal
of ignorance among some offi-
cials about procedures invol-
ved in laving off workers.”’

Ignorance

106

The ignorance ' stemmed
from lack of education about
the procedures and some
employers “‘feel they have the
power to do as they-please and
make the lives of innocent
workers difficult’’.

Mr Kabwe said the Zambia
Federation of Employers had a
lot of work to do to save work-
ers from undue punishment
from their bosses. This could
be done through constant
efforts to educate employers.

Employers should always
consult the mother body in
taking certain decisions like
redundancies and that would
help in having genuine lay-offs
“*based on facts’’.

The minister made it clear
that he was not being harsh in
making such pronouncements,
adding: ‘“‘If I appear to be so,
it is because my ministry
cannot condone violation of
procedure.’”

He believed in ‘‘fair play’’
and that was why he wanted to
see unions and employers sit-
ting.at the negotiating table to
reach ‘mutual decisions’’ in
deciding the fate of workers.

On Friday Mr Kabwe re-
scinded a decision by Leopold
management to lay off 20
workers and ordered their
immediate reinstatement.

He said management had



SOUTH AFRICA

RELAXED CENSORSHIP RULES LAID DOWN
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 23 Jul 82 p 15

{Article by Keith Abendroth]

(Text]

cso:

4700/1611

nology, ‘sciencé and lit-
erature and also the in-
terests of the - likely
reader and the adult
reader”.

Nor, he said, was it
the function of the com
mittee to ev:

jangelise,
educate, select of ap

Prove.

“One who is in con-
trol of publications also
cannot prescribe to the
community. He can only
assess what the com-
munity or a section of

tolerated for the sake
of the advancement of
art, literature, ‘cinema-
tography and the theat-
re, of the interests of
the mature, more intel-

that the material
should not incite the
likely'reader of viewer,
or contribute to incit-
ing him, to confront an-
other section of the
population or to create
or increase hostility or

65

to perform, for ex-
ample, acts of sabotage,
terrorism public viol-
ence or other subver-
sion,” Prof Van Rooyen

But always, when a
matter was found unde--
sirable, vexation of a

i individual
or body was not a suffi-
cient reason for a pro-
hibition.

The whole matter of
violence was causing in-
creasing concern
among all South Afri-
cans.



MOZAMBIQUE

RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION EXACERBATES UNEMPLOYMENT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Jun 82 p 10
[Article by Bernardo Mavanga]

[Text] More than 200 people show up daily requesting employment at the placement
services of the state labor office in Maputo; they are the fruit of the migratory
movement from the countryside to the city and the capital is currently the
chosen location. Statistics indicate that, as of March 1982, approximately
60,000 requests for employment were pending in these services.

The placement services' ability to respond to the increasing requests for
employment is very limited. The basic reason is that the qualifications of the
applicants are not compatible with the technical requirements of many job offers.

Many people who wait long months and even years for placement in the city have
qualifications or at least practical experience working in mines or on farms.
Finding work for them in the city becomes difficult but would be easy in the
countryside.

These people swell the unemployment lines in the city although they are needed
for the various tasks in the country.

This crowd of unemployed people swarms around the city streets aimlessly night
and day, thus helping to exacerbate certain irregularities.

An authorized source from the placement services told our staff that this
organization handles 300 people a day. Some wish to register and others want
to find out about their job applications.

From what we could verify, many applicants wait outside as a rule and gain
access to the services only the next day because of their place in line.

In conjunction with the influx noted by the employment services, an average

of 100 people, mainly from the provinces of Gaza and Inhambane, go through the
residential areas of the city and surrounding areas daily, knocking on doors
asking for domestic work.

In the suburban areas, these people usually show up asking to clean up yards
for 20 meticals or carry water for a meal. In areas farther from the city
where it is possible to do limited farm work, frequently people offer to stay
in exchange for this or that which means there is no work for many living in
the capital.

20



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

EMBASSY OPENINGS DELAYED--Praia, 24 Jul (AFP)--Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau,
the two West African former Portuguese colonies who fell out after a coup
in Bissau nearly 2 years ago, will not be opening embassies in each other's
capitals just yet despite the end of their quarrel, Cape Verdian Justice
Minister David Hoffer de Almada said here yesterday. He was speaking to
reporters on his return from Bissau where he led the Cape Verdian delegation
at the first ministerial meeting between the two states since they decided
to end their quarrel last month at a conference in Maputo. He said
embassies could not be opened yet because of the economic problems of each
state and their lack of trained personnel. [Text] [AB240940 Paris AFP

in English 0903 GMT 24 Jul 82]

cso: 4700/1620



SWANU CALLS FOR LABOUR FEDERATION

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 16 Jul 82 p 2

{Text ]

cso:

SWANU has called
for the formation of a
national labour
organisation in the form
of an all-Namibia
federation of labour.

The call was made in”

Windhoek yesterday by
Swanu’s “Secretary for
Labor and Human
Resources Silbans Karumue
Tjoutuku-Marenga.

In .a_ statement Mr
Tjoutuku-Marenga says:
“Swanu is proposing the
formation of a national
labour organisation, com-
posed of various smaller
unions in the different

“trades and __ professions,

which will have as its
primary objective to unite
and organize the workers
on a-national basis to
struggle for the humanisa-
tion and democratisation
of.labour relations in our
country.”

Although Mr Tjoutuku-
Marenga denied __that
Swanu was competing with
existing trade unions
formed under the banner of

4700/1618

Swaposand Swapo-D, his
statement goes on to state:
“This national labour
organisation which should
of necessity replace the
existing attempts and hopes
and dreams to create bogus
or political party labour un-
tons, could be known as
the All-Namibia Federa-
tion of Labour.”

The statement is made
under the slogen “Workers
of Namibia unite and get
organised to improve your

working conditions and to
defend the dignity of
Labour.~”

“ Swanu sees the introduc-
tion of a system of collec-
tive bargaining as the first:
step to modernise and
democratise industrial rela-
tions in Namibia.

“Collective bargaining is
vitally important to in-
dustrial peace and political
stability and should be ac-
cepted as being in the in-
terests of all concerned to
be made an essential part
of our national and public
policy,” Mr Tjoutuku-
Marenga adds.

25

The cail is directed at
both private and’ public
sectors “as well as all con-
cerned and enlightened
organisations and in-
dividuais in this country.”

Although the efforts by
individual employers to
humanise working condi-
tions in Namibia could be
appreciated, “isolated ex-
periments by a few firms
will not significantly
improve the quality of
working life in the country
and the economy as. a
whole,” said Mr Tjoutuku-
Marenga.

Major innovations in
labour relations are more
likely to take hold in
Namibia only if they are
accomplished through
mechanisms of collective
bargaining, according to
him.

The system of collective
bargaining should establish
national norms about job
content and a framework
of rights and obligations
which ‘labour market par-
ties’ will consider when
they enter into collective or
individual agreements with
one another.



COMPANIES VIEW FOR COAL QUOTA EXPORT ALLOCATIONS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jul 82 p il

[Article by Adam Payne]

{Text ]

cso:

BIG mining houses
and small coal-;
mining companies
are lumped togeth-
er in the Govern-
ment’s. allocations
totalling 25-million
tons a year under
Phase 4 of the
Richards Bay coal
ex port
programme.

These additional ex-
ports, bringing the to-
tal to 73-million tons a
year, will not begin
about 1990.

‘The principal allocations,
which are provisional and
subject to ers meeting
conditions which vary from
company to company, are:

Amcoal 4million tons a
year, Trans-Natal Coal Cor-
poration 4million; Anglovaal .

j-million, GFSA 1-million;
JCI 1500000; Rand Mines
"2.500 000, Transvaal Coal
Owners Association 1-mil-
lion; Clydesdale Collieries
500 000, Shell Coal 500 000,
BP Coal 500 000; Total
500000; International Coal
Development, a subsidiary of
‘Agip, which in turn is part of
ENT, the Italian State energy”
company, 2-million.

Other allocations include

* Messina Transvaal Develop-

Ment 500000 tons; Severin
Minerals Corporation
450 000, and Gr er Hold-
ings 500 000.

4700/1612

Provisional allocations re- ,

ted but not confirmed

ve been offered to:

Concor, civil engineers,
500000 tons; Diamonds &
Grant, mining in Northern
Natal, 200 000; Toulana in the
Dundee area 250 000, Duiker
Exploration, mining in Natal,
500 000; Kangra Holdings,
also in Natal, 500 000.

The Government decided
last September to increase
the quota from 48-million
tons a year by 32-million tons
a year to 80-million tons in
the 1990s. However, the pro-
visional allocations now sent
to companies by the Depart-
ment of Minera and Energy
Affairs total 25-million tons.

It seems that about 28
companies have been offered
allocations, but there could
be more because the alloca-
tions are known only to the
companies themselves and
the tment of Mineral
and Energy Affairs.

Of the 25-million tons, 18-
million tons have been of-
fered to the major coal-min-
ing houses and the oil
companies and 7-million to
relatively minor operators.

‘A coal expert commented
that if about 30 companies
were marketing South Afri-
can coal there could be con-
fusion and the increase in al-
locations could be counter-
productive. ;

Nevertheless, the alloca-
tions are not final and the
conditions imposed in each
case may go some way to
eliminating the problems of
small export lots and a diver-
sity in transport and
marketing.

The conditions imposed
appear to be in two classes:

94

‘The first is a condition ap-
plying to all mining houses
requiring them to make com-
mitments to co-ordinated
marketing as well as finan-
cial measures for the expan-
sion of rail and. har!
facilities.

The second class appears
to relate to individual mining
houses. For instance, Trans-
Natal Coal Corporation has
been promoting the multi-
product mining concept and
its conditions are apparently
related to this concept.

Thus, in terms of the sec-
ond class of conditions the
companies will have to quali-
fy on an individual basis.

‘The allocations are likely
to be a disappointment to
Amcoal, Trans-Natal Coal
Corporation and Clydesdale,
which are likely to believe
they make a more significant
contribution to ener ey re-

quirements than the alloca-
tions reflect.
The International Coal De-

velopment Company, associ-
ated with Agip Italian oil
company, is in partnership
with Savage & Lovemore in
mining coal near Belfast for
e ‘ough Maputo. Its 2-
trillion tom allocation wil be
separate to that partnership.

Grinaker, which has an al-
location of 500000 tons, is
mining coal in the Dundee
and Newcastle districts and
exporting through Durban.
Its new allocation would be
switched to Richards Bay.

Concor is mining in the
Carolina area and Diamond
& Grant operates in Northern
Natal near Rand London’s
colliery. Toulana mines in
the Dundee area.


cso:

4700/1612

ding the dreaded
Emergency Prociamat-
ion R252 under which

most security arrests
were made, is based
partly on the Rabie

Commission report.
When enacted it will
authorise General Sebe
to decide on who will
be detained or restric
ted, what organisations
are unlawful, wuat”
newspapers may be re-
gistered or what slo-
Bans, salutes or’ songs
should be prohibitea.
An associate profes-
sor of African politics
at Rhodes University,
Professor Nancy Char-
ton, has described the
Bill as the reaction of
a small frightened elite
feeling threatened by
mounting opposition.
“It_is short sighted

. to rely on the force of

arms

Professor John Du-
gard, of the Centre of
Applied Legal Studies,
said the Bill showed
the” lear influence of ~
the.,Rabie Commission
report and the South
African Internal Secu-
rity Act, which meant
legislation being

87

modelled on the’ “rep-
ressive laws of the Re-
public.”

“Surely. the Sovth
African Government,
which claims to be influ:
enced by Christian,
Western values. could
set a better example to
its offspring than it has
done.”

Whatever the criti-

_cism, the Bill has made

General Sebe the most
powerful man in Ciskei
— which has about_
666000 people —
position he could never
have’ dreamt of when
he joined the South
African Police in 1957.

His career has been
extraordinary. He ser-
ved in both the unitor-
med and_ security
branches before beco-
ming a founder mem-
ber of the Ciskei Cen.
tra, Intelligence Ser-
vices in 1977.

He has maintained a
close lnk with -ms,
South African counter.
parts. His rise in Cis-

‘kei's police has been

rapid and after five
years he'is a major-
general, +



GHANA

RAWLINGS ADDRESS SEEN GIVING PEOPLE COURAGE, CONFIDENCE
AB301525 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 20 Jul 82
[Station commentary]

[Text] The Provisional National Defense Council [PNDC] chairman's national
broadcast comes at a most appropriate time to set many (?claims) at rest.

For the masses of workers, progressives and patriots, there has been much
restlessness and these conflicts at first seem like a tendency to compromise
the way of the revolution. At the peak of these conflicts, many have been
asking, Is this the Jerry we knew during June 4? Today, Jerry's speech

gives courage and confidence to the popular masses that the revolution will
not be compromised away and that the PNDC does not intend to collaborate with
the exploiters and oppressors of the people. There is no U-turn in the
revolution.

In the main, the broadcast shows the determination of the government to carry
through with the revolution despite problems, problems that are (?natural)

to all revolutions. It shows that the government is not going to bow down

to counterrevolutionary pressure and slander to betray the trust of the people.
The speech, which Jerry himself said was not a full assessment of the 6 months
of the PNDC, did not claim any marvellous achievements, neither did it hide
from failures and errors. This must be the attitude and character of a
patriotic government; as the great African revolutionary Amilcar Cabral warned
a few years ago: claim no easy victories, tell no lies. A revolution is

not an easy process, a primrose path with no problems, setbacks, errors and
disappointments. But a revolution can also only succeed by determination,
will, a clear direction of purpose and firm commitments and devotion to

the liberation of the people, even unto death. Here, we must remind the
people of one important fact of life which the chairman stated. It is this:
The struggles in society are at bottom, class struggles. A struggle between
the exploited and the exploiter. This is the bottom line in all revolutions.
It is the fundamental basis of all social upheavals, and as Jerry said,
tension and conflicts we have, and shall continue to have so long as the
social conditions which gave rise to them are still with us.



MINERAL EXPORTS DROP FOURTEEN PERCENT

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 3 Jul 82 p 8

[Text]

cso:

THE worldwide eco-
nomic recession is re-
flected in the perfor-
mance of South
Africa’s mineral ex-
ports in the first quar-
ter of 1982.

The Minerals Bureau’ of
the Department of Mineral
and Energy Affairs says
first-quarter earnings to-
talled R2 615-million against
the previous quarter's
R3 065-million — a decline of
14,7%.

The drop is attributable
largely to depressed prices

lower sales for gold, as
well as substantially weaker
markets for other minerals,
especially the platinum
group metals, uranium and
vanadium.

However, income from
mineral exports would have
been much less were it not
for the cushioning effect of a
weak rand against the dollar
and currencies of major cus-
tomers in Europe and the Far
East. .

The bureau says first-quar-
ter gold sales fell 8,4% from
the previous quarter, and
this, with the lower price, re-
sulted in a reduction to 70,7%
in gold’s contribution to min-
eral export earnings. Gold’s
share in the quarter to last
December was 74,4%.

Expressed in total receipts
covering both domestic and
export mineral sales, the

juarter showed camnings of
3 150-million — 12,6% down
on the December quarter's

total.

The situation would have
been worse were it not for
improved domestic sales, es-

4700/1612

‘ially of coal.

PeCoal. Sales totalled R575-
million, constituting 18,3% of
the value of total mineral
sales in the first quarter. Al-
though 30% more than in the
first quarter of 1981, the
earnings were 14% down on
the December quarter be-
cause of a drop in coal export
volume.

Recession and the oil sur-
lus weakened demand coal.
‘igures for anthracite, used

for heating and in steel pro-
duction, also fell.

Platinum group metals:
World markets were de-
pressed by production cuts in
the US motor industry and
low industrial consumption.

Diamonds: There was a
50% increase in the export
value of diamonds (R84-mil-
lion) compared with the De-
cember quarter, partly be-
cause of an increase in the
quantity and a higher aver-
age price. However, this does
not necessarily indicate a re-
covery in the diamond mar-
ket as the formance is
well below that of the first
quarter of 1981.

Uranium oxide: Although
world prices are weak be-
cause of curtailment of nu-
clear energy programmes,
South African producers
have been protected by long-
term contracts.

~ Iron ore: Of the non-pre-
cious mineral commodities,
iron ore made the largest
contribution to sales after
coal, iding 3% 6f the to-
tal. The value of exports im-
proved on the first and final
quarters of 1981.

‘Copper: Export earnings of
R32 300 000 increased by
15,7% on the December quar-

93

SOUTH AFRICA

ter, but declined by 22,7%
compared to the first quarter
of last year, An increase in
SA demand for electrical ap-
plications resulted in a sub-
stantial increase in the value
of sales (35,2%) compared
with the first quarter of 1981.
Production levels have re-
mained relatively constant.

_ Manganese ore: exports
improved — against expecta-
tions — on the first and final
quarters of 1981. The decline
in the rand contributed.

Asbestos: Export earnin;
‘of R19 100 000 fell by nearly
30% from the December
quarter.

Silver: Sales value fell by
about 20% from the first and
final quarters of 1981.

__ Lead: Exports and earn-
ings of R10 600 000 were well
above those of the first quar-
ter of 1981, but fell hevaily
nT, sngiam Exports hi
anadium: ave
been affected by the world
steel recession. Because of
low production costs South
Africa has been able to
weather the recession better
than most of its competitors.

Nickel: Domestic and ex-
port sales were erratic al-
though production remained
uniform. SA sales and ex-

were low in the Decem-

r quarter, but recovered in
the first quarter of this year
to about the same as inthe
first quarter of 1981.

Chrome ore and sand:
Chrome exports showed little
change relative to both the
first and final quarters of last
year. Although tonnages ex-
ported declined, there was an
increase in the average rand
price obtained. Overseas
markets remain weak.



MERGER OF STEEL TRADING-EXPORT GROUPS REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 1

[Article by Stephen Orpen]

[Excerpt]

SOUTH Africa’s two largest private-sector, independent steel
trading and exporting groups, with a combined (all-products)
turnover recently near R1 500-million, have “reached agree-
ment in principle” to a wedding with far-reaching domestic.
and international implications. ;

The director$ of both groups told Business Times exclusively this week

that the marriage will also involve Iscor and is expected to lead to “the
combining of the steel-export activities” of the private-sector parties.

Raphaely group, includ-
ing Raphaely International
was bly

“porting empire, for which
still more is ex-
pected to be announced soon.
Tears cajoved
Africa via the private sector,
primarily to the

cso: 4700/1612

supplier of-the basic steel for
a mumber of the overseas
markets.

Exports into the depressed
world steel market are cur-
rently running at about 1,6-
million tons, of which a rela<
tively small 120 000 tons has
been going to the US, accord-
ing to Iscor’s divisional GM
for steel marketing, Nols
Olivier.

A director of Macsteel,
Jack Gerber, comments:
“There are various options

_ for the deal can-
ries. jlications that still
have to be weighed.

“However, I can say, that
our export sales be
boosted dramatically.

98

not reveal these, as each car-"

“Also, considering that we
are making good profits de-
spite the recession overseas,
and that we are going ahead
with multi-million expansion
plans decided before the lat-
est developments, prospects
should be pleasing when the
world steel market
recovers.”

Mr Gerber will not dis-
close Macsteel’s profits. But _
these are known to exceed
Ri0-million a year — and a
mooted further takeover

them higher.

I asked Rudolf Raphaely,
the remarkable septuagener-
jan entrepreneur who carried

1 to the big lea,
irae
lecided to go in
Macsteat “8° ip with

“AS know, they have
been tal king to us for at least
two years. They have
strengths which complement



CDC OFFICIAL SAYS INITIAL CONTRACTS PLACED FOR SUGAR PROJECT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English16 Jul 82 p 2

[Text]

cso:

ZAMBIA

CONTRACTS have been awarded to pave the way for the K17 million small
growers sugar scheme at Mazabuka, it was confirmed in Lusaka yesterday.

4700/1619

Commonwealth Devé-
lopment Corporation
(CDC) executive in Zam-
bia Mr Ron Hoyle said
the initial contracts
worth K3.5 million had
been placed for land
clearing and field irriga-
tion and around 800 hec-
tares of land of sugar
cane would be planted
this year.

The CDC is the major finan-
cier of the sugar scheme
managed by the Kaleya Small
Holders Company and is back-
ed by the African Development
Bank (ADB), the Development
Bank of Zambia (DBZ) and
Barclays Bank.

The scheme eventually took
off the ground after President
Kaunda’s direct intervention

and ordered that there shoutd

be no more delays in allocating
the land required to carry out
the project which needs more
than 4,000 hectares.

The State House intervened
after a bureaucratic wrangle
between the Ministry of Lands
and Natural-Resources and the
Ministry of Agriculture and
Water Development for the
past three years over the release
of the land for the sugar

scheme.

In March CDC general
manager Sir Peter Meinert-
zhagen CMG arrived in Zam-
bia from London for a two-
day visit during which he
visited the new sugar scheme
and held talks with Govern-
ment ministers and top of-

114

“Large contracts have been
placed for land clearing and
field irrigation and we have
just planted 15 hectares. It is
hard to determine how much
sugar cane we will plant this
year but we hope it will be
around 800 hectares,”” he said.

The Zambia Sugar Company
is among the major
shareholders of the scheme
which was geared for increased
sugar production, creation of
employment and settlement of
small farmers.

But Mr Hoyle made it clear
that the small scale farmers
would not be settled on the
scheme until next year when 50
of them would be deployed.

This season production
target would be met by the
company workers but that at
least 300 small holders would
be settled on the scheme by the
time it was fully operational.

With the full support by the
Zambian Government and
other parties there was no
reason why the scheme could
not achieve its goal. ‘‘There is
nothing we cannot cope with,””
he said.

But he described the scheme
as “‘very complex’’ and; there
were operational difficulties in
obtaining spare parts for the
contractors’ machinery which
were being dealt with slowly.



cso:

In December shé was
back at John Vorster
Square and made a
statement to a visiting
magistrate. “I did not
know I had the right to
lay a charge until In-
spector Mouton visited
me during January,”
she said.

Inspector Mouton,

the Inspector of Detai- °

nees, had said details
went straight to the
Head of Police and not
to the Security Police.

Duty
Questioned on the
doctor’s comment “she
says she was not as-
saulted” Miss Hogan
replied it was a doctor’s

. first duty towards his

Patient and he had
probably wished to
spare her anything fur-
ther.

Her blood pressure

- had been so high that

the doctor had given
her an injection. He had
also said he would tele-
phone the chief of se-
curity’ and say she
should not be as
saulted.

The accused claimed -

that Miss Hogan had
fallen in her cell in the
dark and hurt her face
and she replied: “It is a
lie, I have never fallen
around in my cell.”

She denied having
hallucinations and said
she had never seen a
psychiatrist.

Assault

When it was put to
her that her story was
unlikely and had there
been an incident it had
been of a minor nature,

4700/1611

61

she replied: “I don’t
think you can distin-
guish between an as
sault is minor or major.
The circumstances have
to be taken into ac
count.”

When Mr J Borman,
defending, asked Miss
Hogan: “Are you a
member of the ANC?”
she replied: “I will not
answer that question, it
might prejudice my
trial.”

Miss Hogan denied
being found in posses-
sion of a book entitled
Manual on Detention.

She was in state of
mental trauma while
detained at Heidelberg.
“I told the station Com-
mander I could not
trust myself alone in
my cell and asked
whether he would
please remove anything
that could injure me.”

She said she had not
attempted to commit
suicide by drinking
liquid soap.

“You were waging a
war, a struggle of free-
dom against the oppres-
sive set-up in South
Africa and so you had
‘one of two alternatives
— either to commit sui-
cide or to lay charges
against the police,” the
defence put it to Miss
Hogan.

She denied that she
wanted to get some glo-
ry for herself out of be-
ing detained.

The trial continues
on July 29 before Mr J

joeman.

‘Mr _D Lamprecht is prosecut-

defence is conducted by

RE
He


The players from overseas who came here, at considerable risk to themselves
in terms of their future in soccer, were let down.

The Black players who would have benefitted most from having the chance to
play against overseas players of international class lost the opportunity to
do so.

The Black fans were denied the chance to see overseas players in action.

And the Football Council of South Africa, headed by Mr George Thabe, has been
shamed by this rebellion by clubs that fall under its jurisdiction.

What to do now?

It would be easy to say that the mixed league should be broken up and the
mainly White clubs should form a new league and let the Black clubs get on
with their politically influenced game on their own.

But this would be a bad move, since it would wreck years of integrated sport,
achieving nothing except a polarisation between Black and White clubs and
players.

It would be easy to say that the Government is wasting its money if it sanc-
tions and funds the building of a vast and costly stadium, south of Johannes-
burg, mainly for Black soccer, when top Black clubs fall easy prey to Black
radicalism.

But the abandonment of such a project would punish all Black clubs and players
for the actions of a few.

It would be easy to say that sponsors sould not put their money behind tours
by international players, since not only soccer but South Africa has been hu-
miliated by the forced bandonment of the present tour.

But that would put the kibosh on efforts to break through the present isolation
imposed on South Africa.

In fact, we hope that sponsors like SAB will not be discouraged by what has
happened, but will ensure that all teams guarantee to play, if called upon,
otherwise SAB will not provide the sponsorship money for any future tour.
Must Act

The first essential is that the Football Council of South Africa should put
its house in order--and that can only be done by disciplining the boycotters,

no matter what effect this has on the league.

If the council doesn't do so, it will be faced in future with similar revolts
and the game will be finally wrecked as a non-racial sport.

67



GHANA

PROFESSIONALS WANT RETURN TO OLD ORDER
AB232031 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 23 Jul 82
[Station commentary ]

[Text] The Association of Recognized Professional Bodies has issued a
statement on what they call "the state of the nation" which under the
pretext of expressing their concern at the murder of the three high court
judges and a retired military officer last month, viciously attacks the
attempts being made by patriotic citizens to effect revolutionary changes
in the country.

For the Professional Bodies’ Association, the law of the jungle has taken
over a once decent and law-abiding people of Ghana since 31 December last
year and they paint ongoing events in the country in the most gloomy way
possible. Though we have no illusions about the problems and difficulties
that confront the 31 December revolution, patriotic and honest Ghanaians
cannot submit to clearly negative criticism meant to mislead the people

of this country. We shall not pander to counterrevolutionary criticism
that completely overlooks our past bitter experiences so fresh in our minds.
We shall not countenance such vicious attacks directed at the social process
of a people struggling to free themselves from a bankrupt and exploitative
social order on which the minority in society thrive.

The Professional Bodies' Association is only more boldly coming out to
push the narrow and selfish interests of the provileged minority in society
using catch phrases and appeals to law and order, democracy and human
rights to deceive the common people of this country who constitute the
overwhelming majority. We shall not sit down and allow this dangerous
deception of our people.

We have not forgotten the political struggles (?nor) the antiunigov [union
government] campaign when the professionals hijacked the struggles of our
people against a bankrupt socioeconomic system and turned it into a more
limited rejection of the military dictatorship of the Acheampong and
Akuffo regimes.

What Ghanaians want now is revolution; fundamental changes in the social,
economic, political and cultural life of the country, and nothing less.



SLOW BRICK ORDERS REFLECT STATE OF ECONOMY

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 5

[Article by Andrew McNulty]

[Text]

cso:

AFTER booming demand less than
two years ago led to chronic brick
shortages and delivery lead times of
18 months, brick manufacturers are
now stockpiling bricks in many
areas.

This underlines the severe cyclical
swings in activity in this industry.

An outstanding barometer of the econ-

omy, orders for bricks started slowing -

last October, while some
sectors are only now
starting to feel the pinch.
Manufacturers emphasise
that brick demand is related

age will ensure that ‘activity

is soon stoked up.
Cedric Ppt managing
director of Corobrik, which
produces about 51% of the
country’s bricks from 45 fac-
tories, says the the group’s sales
in the fir first two of the
April and

May, are Hay ae Sd Se pe

“So far this year looks

4700/1612

95

better than anticipated. But
‘on economic predictions next
year may be a bad one.”

Corobrik has run up a
national stockpile of no fewer
than 110-million bricks.

The worst affected area is
Durban/Maritzburg, where
the 37-million bricks stock-
piled are equivalent to about

\40 days’ delivery.

The Transvaal, the Free
State and the Western Ca)
have each had to start build-
ing up stocks at one or more

es.

Corobrik recently spent
about R19-million on erect-
ing six new brick factories
and also ded at many
others, resulting in a 14% in-
crease in production cap-
acity.
~ “If the market worsens we
will have to look at closing
some factories, starting with
the least efficient ones.

“But with 45 factories the
adverse effect of shutdowns
on the group’s unit costs is
relatively small,” claims Mr
Savage.

SOUTH AFRICA



ALUMINUM COMPANY CRITICIZED--VALCO [Volta Aluminum Company] now says it will
no longer shut down any of its smelting capacity at Tema. A statement issued
in Accra by the secretary for land and natural resources, Mr Kwesi Renner,
welcoming the move, however, expressed the government's objection to what

it called: the whimsical manner in which VALCO made such a decision and the
insulting utterances of the VALCO team during negotiations with the government
to forestall a shutdown. The government is, therefore, demanding from VALCO
a formal confirmation of this decision and more importantly, an undertaking
from VALCO that it would not reduce any of its capacity for at least 1 year.
But if it subsequently decides on any such reduction, it must give the
government at least 3 months notice to enable it to deal with the problems
that could arise. The statement said VALCO's conduct has resulted in the
government incurring certain expenses as a result of the preparations that
have to be made at short notice to ensure that alumina was available early
enough to prevent a shutdown, The government is, therefore, demanding
appropriate reimbursement from VALCO. [Text] [AB291950 Accra Domestic
Service in English 1800 GMT 29 Jul 82]

RETURN TO MEDICAL PRACTICE-~-The PNDC [Provisional National Defense Council]

has explained the rationale behind the replacement of Dr Issaka Tinorgah as
secretary for the upper region. An official statement issued in Accra
yesterday said Dr Tinorgah voluntarily asked to be replaced so that he could
make further contributions to the revolution as a medical practitioner. Before
his appointment Dr Tinorgah was a doctor at the Tamale Government Hospital.
[Text] [AB300656 Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 30 Jul 82]

cso: 4700/1632

17



Delegates visited Crossroads, they watched the BBC television film, "The White
Tribe of Africa", they drank with each other, they ate with each other and
they argued with each other and sometimes tempers flared.

Almost as interesting as the TV film was the response of the audience as it
showed the atrocities that had been committed at the Bloemfontein concentra-
tion camps, Dingane's treachery and the massacre of Blood River, the formation
and activities of the Ossewa~Brandwag, Broederbond and so on.

Blacks, maybe some for the first time, saw that the Afrikaners had been pushed
around in their time. And there were real expressions of sympathy.

And some of the English-speaking delegates must have squirmed at some of the
claims made in the film--I did.

cso: 4700/1612

46



cso:

4700/1612

Post and Telecommunica-
tions wanting to raise R50-
million. Armscor will be
back for R50-million in No-
vember, with the EDC down
for R50-million and the Rand
Water Board looking for R30-
million.

If rates persist on the high
side some borrowers might
not want to come to the mar-
ket and will fund their re-
juirement by short-term
ancing.

This week UAL and Volks-
kas Merchant will sound the
market for the Arsmcor is-
sue. I believe that the total
loan/loans will be scaled
down to R50-million and that
there will be a preference for
shorter-term borrowing.

IN spite of the money mar-
ket’s being short of R656-mil-
lion at the June monthend, I
am told that most banks
closed their books in a rea-
sonably comfortable state.
One bank had a little diffi-
culty and bid up to 18%% for
one-week money.
What

that the cash came from Gor-
treek there shoul lec auothes
easing of the position as
banknotes start returning to

91

the Reserve Bank.

Tightness in the last few
trading days of June sent the
bankers’ acceptance rate up
to 17,25%. The rate could
have eased because of de-
mand, but it is expected that
when this week’s bills are of-
fered the higher rate will be
needed for inducement.

Last week’s bills will ma-
ture at the end of September
when tax money is due, but
this week’s bills will come
into October and they won't
be as popular.

It would seem that the de-
sire is to have it match the
BA rate which gives a posi-
tive yield of about 18% to the
end of October paid by th

Average ral e
banks on Friday were 17% to
the end of July, 17%4% to ear-

September and 17,1% to

1e end of October.

i socleties were

16% to for one-
a eta
certainly more attractive.



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

SHOP RAZED--SWAPO terrorists were believed to have been responsible for a fire
on Tuesday that razed a shop near Onayena in Owambo, an Owambo Administration
spokesman said yesterday. He said the tracks of about 20 terrorists were found
leading away from the gutted building. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVER-
TISER in English 15 Jul 82 p 2]

cso: 4700/1618

29



For us, it is meaningless to ask for a so-called government of national
unity when the basic issue facing Ghanaians is the creation of a new and
just social order, the building of a truly independent and democratic
country.

It is therefore unimportant whether our leaders put on military uniforms
or cassocks or suits. What the Professional Bodies' Association are really
calling for is a return to the old bankrupt order in which their more
dishonest members can jump into Parliament, cabinet posts, leadership

of political parties, top positions in corporations and so on, to live off
the sweat of the people. To this we say no.

cso: 4700/1620

13



SWAZIS CROWD COURT TO HEAR LAND APPLICATION

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 23 Jul 82 p1

[Text]

cso:

“MORE than 200 Swazis_

who came from Ka-
Ngwane in three buses
and private cars con-
verged on the Pretoria’
_ Supreme Court yester-

day to hear the latest on -

the incorporation of

their “homeland” into
. Swaziland.

The application by the
« KaNgwane government
to have the dissolution
of their Legislative As-
sembly nallified has
sebegp.teferred to the full
bench of the Transvaal
Supreme Court.

“The ruling was made
“Syesterday by Mr Justice
_A P Myburgh after he
+ had heard an application

for an interim relief by

the homeland’s govern-
ment.

In an urgent applica-
‘tions the KaNgwane
: Government applied for

an interim interdict until

the main action — chal-

4700/1615

“lenging the validity of a
South. African Govern-
ment proclamation abol-
ishing the Legislative
Assembly — could be
nerd owane wanted
the administration 6f its
“territory returned to its
executive council. +
Mr Dave Gordon. ap-
pearing for the Ka-
Newane Government
and Chief Enos Ma-
buza, submitted that the
use of force and violence
to take over the Ka-
Newane Legislative As-
sembly was no different
from the force of a Gov-
ernment Gazette procla-
mation.

Mr I W de Villiers,

SC. appearing for the
South African Govern-
ment. argued that the
matter was not urgent as
the applicants. the
KaNewane Government
and Chief Enos Ma-
buza. had no status. 2

He submitted that

57

SOUTH AFRICA

they did not exist as they
had been suspended by
the State President's
proclamation published
on June 18. -

He said the South
African Government
had in no way acted ille-
ga as they were ad-
ministering KaNgwane

in accordance with a_

Proclamation also
passed by the State
President.

Mr Gordon-countered
that Mr de Villiers’ ar-
gument had a _funda-
mental flaw in it when
he said the proclamation
was valid until it had
been declared invalid. A
Proclamation by the
State President could
ed with an
ent as he
was not acting within.
these powers.

He argued that the
Proclamation was
neither valid or invalid.
but neutral.



AFC MAY COLLAPSE BECAUSE OF FARMERS'

FAILURE TO REPAY LOANS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 17 Jul 82 pl

[Text]

cso:

4700/1619

AGRICULTURAL Finance
Company may soon collapse
because of non-repayment of
loans by farmers, Secretary
of State for Defence and Secu-
rity Zulu warned yesterday.

He also appealed to the
international community to
help the Party and its Govern-
ment develop water resources
in the cholera-prone Luapula
Province.

Opening the Luapula Pro-
vince agricultural and com-
mercial show at Mansa, Mr
Zulu urged farmers to realise
that the money they borrowed
from lending institutions be-
longed to the people.

A farmer who failed to repay
his loan was an enemy of the
revolution as he was injuring
others.

He noted that in Luapula
AFC’s loan recovery rate was
only 34 per cent.

If the country "as to avoid
the impending collapse of the
organisation farmers must
repay debts.

“The collapse of the AFC
would be detrimental to the

entire farming community and
the whole agricultural indus-
try.”

He hoped the K1,025,053
lent by the company to farmers
and fishermen in the province
last season would be recover-

ed.

He called on lending institu-
tions to pay out loans in good
time so that the farmer was
not inconvenienced. See-alse
PageSh

Late disbursement vi loans
was demoralising tu the far-
mer and frustrated Govern-

ment efforts to

agricultural production to prop
up the ailing economy.

There was need for farmers,
marketing cooperatives and
unions, financiers, extension
officers, importers and distri-
butors of inputs to strive for

gteater efficiency.

In the Government’s at-
tempt to achieve its objectives
in the ‘‘lima’’ - programme,

‘maximum efforts were being
made to develop water resour-

ces.

110

ZAMBIA


cso:

4700/1619

ment made by ZNBS managing director Mr Simon Mwewa in
Ndola on Friday ‘‘similar pronouncements made in the past had:
come to zero”’.

Under the scheme mortgage advances would be made to
teachers to build their own houses, collective advances would be
made to the Ministry of Education and Culture and teachers
housing schemes would be established.

Mr Kawaya said the union welcomed any measures which
would help solve teachers’ housing problems and hoped that the
mechanism which has yet to be worked out between the ministry
and the building society ‘‘in getting these mortgages will be simple
and not too elaborate”’.

“The role of the teachers union is to study these mechanisms
and educate our members on how to get these mortgages because
accommodation for the teachers has been a serious issue.””

112


CDC Official Says Initial Contracts Placed for Sugar Project
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 16 Jul 82)

Truck Tire Production at Dunlop Declines 25 Percent
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 19 Jul 82) ...

Briefs
Mundia Hails Yugoslav Relations

ZIMBABWE

Stuttaford in Court; Case Postponed
(THE CITIZEN, 22 Jul 82) .rccescccccvseceevecsece seeee

Briefs
ZAPU Ban Sought

114

115

116

117

119



CSO:

ing members occupied
— and tnereby
interested in civil de-
fence.

He said the Sandton
Civil Defence Unit,
with about 300 active
members, had main-
tained interest by giv-
ing worthwhile training
which members could
put into practice. ‘

“They drive ambu-
lances, work. at the fire
station and in the rad-
io room and other
areas.” *

Despite these efforts
to prevent boredom. Ci-
vil Defence member-
ship on the Witwaters-
rand remains low.

Randburg and Boks
burg have 600 mem-
bers, and Springs 314.

There are 530 in Al-
berton and 20 in Brak-
Pan.

Apathy towards civil
defence has been attri-
puted to several fac-
tory, including the mili-
tary and political con-
notations of the “de-
fence” part of the
name, and a change-
over of organisational
structure.

Mr van der Linde
said he had found that
many people were put
off by the word “de-
fence.” . :

Mr van Elst said.
thany people still saw
politics behind Civil
Defence.

A former East Rand
Civil Defence chief said .
the necessity for civil
defence organisations
could be compared to
the police and defence
forces.

"It doesn’t matter
who governs the coun-
try, we have to have
these organisations,” he
said.

A Johannesburg City
Councillor Mr Lionel
Keenan said the public
was too smug and not
safety conscious,

“We won't consider
ourselves as part of a
Statistic unti] some-
thing happens. I. think
the reason for this atti-
tude is that people say
to each other: ‘We
have never had any

4700/1612

89

disasters, and if it does
happen, someone will
do something — but
don’t look at me.’”

The switch by many
town councils from a
decentralised’ to a cen-
tralised system of civil
defence has also been
cited as a factor contri-
buting to indifference,

An East. Rand doctor
who is a tormer Civil
Detence chief, said
Wuen the legislauon
was amended in 1978
municipalities were
given the choice of

eperating a centralised. |

or decentralised sys
tem.

; Under the decentral-

. ised system, a town is

divided into a number
of smaller zones.

In an emergency,
members of each unit
can be called on to act
in any area of a town,
not only their own.

“Before the switch to
a centralised syscem,
homeowners in each
zone nad to become
involved in the civil
aetence for their su-
burb,” he said. “When
tne centralised system
was opted for, interest
just dropped off.”

Mr van Elst said Jo-
hannesburg operated a
mixture of the two sys-
tems.

“Because of the size
of the city, we have
established two sub-
headquarters in the
northern and southern
areas. But the system
is basically a central-
ised one,” he said.

As to which system ©

is the most desirable,
Mr van Elst supported

the option given to lo-

cal authorities
“What works in one
town may not work in

another. The important ,

thing is that a disaster
wiil be controllable.”

Mr van Elst said

many people had a fan-
cy answer to the possi-
bility of a major disas
ter.

“They say that ‘insu- -

rance,’ will cover their

losses. But people do :

not seem to realise that

no amount of insurance +

can restore lives.



with producers and dealers to eliminate or at
least minimise such causes.

But financial policy measures, however neces-
sary, must-not obscure the need for affirmative
action in the pursuit of our overall national and
social objectives. It behoves us, for example to
harness, match and aid the self-help desire and
potential of rural communities in their develop-
ment efforts, particularly in the areas of feeder
roads, water supply, environmental health and
sanitation. Similarly, we must take positive steps
to ensure that the burdens of inflation, are not
borne unduly by the lower income households.
but are shared equitably by all citizens.

Let me now turn to what I would consider one
of the most important structural imbalances in
‘our economy: the growing preponderance of
government activity with the attendant lack of
accountability and efficiency, and the corres-
ponding relative decline in productive activity of
the private sector. The time has come to
consider redressing the balance, to bring about
greater participation of the private sector in the
development process and to reduce, pari passu.
the role of government

We need the private sector for at least three
reasons. In the first place we badly need their
managerial skills. their business acumen and
their financial resources. to supplement those
within the Government. Secondly. we need to
inject elements of entrepreneurial daring. risk
taking, financial responsibility and accountabil-
ity into those functions which at present seem
immune to market signals and whose social
benefits are often outweighed by their social
cost. Lastly, we need the private sector to
dovetail with our public investment programme,
to strengthen the linkages, backward, forward
and lateral. within our productive base, and to
provide imputs and markets wherever justified
by comparative advantage

The task of enlisting the co-operation of
private enterprise for these multiple endeavours
implies a three-pronged but concerted action on
the part of government; we must encourage, we
must promote, and we must induce

To encourage, we shall speed up the passage
of the new Development of Industries Bill to
replace the 1960 Act. We will ensure that the
attractions of this Bill will be of interest not only
to large scale enterprises, often controlled from
abroad. but also to small scale enterprises
which, in terms of technology, capital require-
ments and managerial capability, can be manned
and controlled by indigenous investors.

To that end we are considering a number of
measures which would include the strengthening
of the project preparation and evaluation facili-
ties available to small business, the formation of
specialised consultancies within the country and,
possibly, the setting up of “action centres”
which could assist. speedily and efficiently, with
all of the numerous problems facing small scale
enterprises in a developing country: licences,
permits, accounting methods, loan applications,
tax requirements, procurement and market in-
formation. We are determined to remove clogs

34

from the wheels of business and discourage
bureaucratic lethargy and obstruction.

Of particular concern to Government is the
encouragement and promotion of indigenous
Sierra Leonean business. We must improve its
competitive position.

But encouragement, however necessary, is
not sufficient. What we must do is to actively
promote the participation of the private sector in
activities which aid our development effort
and/or relieve the Government of its growing
burden. To that end, we propose to hold a series
of meetings with local investors and managers to
iscuss their possible participation and involve-
ment in carefully selected projects which are
designed to enhance our productive base

We shall also explore the possibility of trans-
ferring from the public sector some responsibili-
ties, some of the assets, or even whole functions
from undertakings which could profit from the
infusion of private capital and skills. We simply
can no longer afford to perform functions in the
public sector which could be better performed
outside it. We have an accountability crisis!

In this process of actively promoting private
sector participation we shall try to be flexible
with regard to the forms it should take and we
shall try to be innovative. Thus, while the
modalities are as yet not fully defined, we are
not excluding such options as joint ventures
between parastatal entities and local investors,
management contracts, procurement contracts
with local suppliers, open bids for public assets,
or even more radical departures.

We want and need a much greater degree of
participation of the private sector in our eco-
nomy but we must bear in mind the over-riding
considerations of national goals and general
welfare. We appreciate the importance of the
profit motive, but we must not allow it to work
to the detriment of our citizens. Thus, we
conceive the inducement prong to be the full
deployment of the instruments at the disposal of
the State to ensure that our objectives and goals
are not vitiated, but aided and abetted by
Private managers and investors.

More than that, we propose to deploy the full
panoply of fiscal and financial inventives, and
disincentives, to that end. Such incentives will
be designed to wean private investors away from
purely trading activities into processing and
manufacturing, to discourage speculation and to
stimulate capital accumulation. We are fully
prepared to extend a helping hand to private
enterprise but we expect that hand to be
grasped, not bitten.

My sojourn in the Ministry of Finance has not
been long enough to permit of a thorough.
appraisal of these complex issues which should
underpin the structure of the budget. At the
same time, even with my limited stay in the
Ministry, I have become convinced that, in the
light of our present economic problems, it is
imperative that we take a new look at our
budgetary methods and practices.

At this juncture, I wish to inform Honourable
Members that the estimates of revenue and



INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES FACE MAJOR PROFIT LOSSES

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 4 Jul 82 p 3

{Article by John Spira]

[Text]

MORE than half of the industrial companies listed on the Johan-
nesburg Stock Exchange will suffer major profit declines if inter-
est rates remain at current levels for the next two to five years. |

According to the University of Stellenbosch Business School, which has
focused its analytical microscope on 248 of the JSE’s more important
industrial shares, 52,5% of companies will experience earnings setbacks
of between 6% and 25% durin; is period — exclusively as a result of high

terest rai . : ee

Given the speed with which economic cycles change, such a forecast tends, ”
Perhaps, to present too gloomy a view of the future.

It nevertheless , :

into the heavy-caswalty cate-

e Ugnts os au A with 2a encouragin;
geared ooaniee 7h ‘projected to expert

increases ence profit dec! 5% or
ieee increases in in- less as a result of the ma

‘Of the companies additional interest burden.
studi : Only 1,6% of companies
profit falls of be- profit declines of more than
tween 0% and 5%, 7,3% will 50%, 4,4% will be hit to the
be hit by between 26% and tune of 25% to 50% and 34,3%
50% 2 the remaining 4% fall into the 6% to 25% range.
will have earnings re-
duced by more than 50% (see on eee I oe
accompanying table). companies within these

The potentially worst-af- sectors) will be badly hit by
fected sectors are transport the surge in interest rates
(with an anticipated 24% de- over the past year.
(i8B%), ood (145%), aha food’ steel, Bones and cloth,
mMaceutical (12,2%), eel, Mon
(103%) and Cease. nae ing look particularly
ing (9,9%). vulnerable.

‘these, clearly, are the sec- ‘The Uni of Stellen-
tors which contain compan- bosch Business P's Pro-:
fes which have relatively fessor Arminius Archer ex-
high gearing. plains that the sarvey

assumes that the financial

And the blow to profits as a structure of companies will
result of higher interest rates not deviate significantly

czacerbated by the from the 1981 published fig-
: , ures. Further, no real
as by high inflation rates. in profits is assumed.
The forecast for 1982 is
In the forecast for 1982, the
rather less pessimistic. Digher interest was applied

A smaller percentage of ly to short-term interest-

the companies analysed fall bearing debt. In the longer-

96

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

4700/1617

Board's dealings with the agents
and listed certain conditions the
Board had to fulfil to improve its
relations with the buying agents.
Otherwise, “we will not buy one
seed next season for sale to the
SLPMB. We give the Board two
weeks within which it should
undertake to fulfil these condi-
tions — Increase the commission
paid to buying agents to meet
present conditions of bank loans,
freight, cost of living, etc., stan-
dardise the commission paid on all
produce — palm kernels. coffee,
cocoa, ginger, groundnut, etc; re-
negotiate with the banks and get
them to give buying agents loans
‘on special interest rates; prompt
payments to buying agents and by
cheques which can be cashed in
banks near their home towns”

Mr. Suma promised that the
Board will look into these de-
mands, but emphasised that the
present commission paid to
buying agents was agreed on with
the IMF after careful scrutiny of
the Board's activities by the Fund
He appealed to the agents to
review their complaints and de-
tmands against the background of
the present economic position of
the country

37