. MOZAMBIQUE

RENOVATION OF THE NACALA@ENTRE-LAGOS LINE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Jun 84 p 8

{Text] The preliminary work is well along for the renovation of the Nacala-Entre
Lagos line, considered the major regional project of the SATCC ([Southern
African] Transport and Communications Commission), NOTICIAS learned yesterday
from a spokesman for the French-Portuguese consortium which will execute the
project. At this time, the crosstie factory is being installed and the stocks
of ballast are being accumulated in Namialo (Nampula), while, in Namialo and
Nacala, the camps are being set up for the project workers.

The renovation proper of the Nacala-Entre-Lagos line will be initiated early
in 1985, by a consortium formed by the Portuguese firm SOMAFEL and by the French
companies BORIE-SAE and A. DEHE.

In addition to the preliminary work just described, topographic surveys are
being conducted and the necessary material and equipment are being delivered.

“The consortium's directorate is already installed. in Nacala; it consists of

a general director, an assistant director and administrative directors. The
preparations are well along and , from all indications, we can begin to renovate
the rail line early next year," Jean Gautier, the consortium's representative
in Maputo, told us.

Description of the Project

The project to renovate the so-called Northern Line includes replacement of
538 kilometers of track, from Nacala to Cuamba, passing through important pro-
duction zones, such as the port of Nacala, agroindustrial ‘centers in Monapo
and Namialo and the city of Nampula, as well as Ribaue, Malema and Cuamba.

The renovation will be executed in stages. The first phase of the project will
take 30 months and will cover 192 kilometers, from Nacala to Nampula. The second
stage will be from Nampula to Cuamba (inside Niassa Province). The third and
final phase will be executed by the Mozambican Railways, which will proceed

with the renovation from Cuamba to Entre-Lagos.

According to the consortium spokesman, 130 foreign technicians and laborers

will work on the project, along with 800 Mozambican workers, counting technicians
and laborers.

14



OF 'ALL-WHITE' RULE NOTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jul 84 p 6

(Editorial: "New Era"]

{Text]

‘EARLY last Friday morning an era in our
constitutional and political life ended — and
so did all-White rule.

Parliament as we have known it since 1910 will
now be replaced by a tricameral Parliament
in which there will be a White House of As-
sembly, a Coloured House of Representa:
tives and an Indian House of Delegates.

And instead of a Prime Minister, we will have
an executive State President. And instead of
the present hurly-burly of conflict politics,
we will have consensus politics.

With own affairs and general affairs and a
whole new Parliamentary ball-game. One in
which the role that the Opposition will play is
still unclear. One in which much of the work
of the three chambers will take place in
standing committees, away from the view of
Press and public.

jose of us who have lived under the
Westminster system all our lives will view its
Passing with mixed feelings.

At best it reflected the highest traditions of
Parliamentary democracy.

Nobody who watched the proceedings of Par-
liament could be anything but impressed with
the atmosphere, the procedures, the gener-
ally high standard of debate, and the manner
in which Government and Opposition went
about their tasks, the one leading, the other
questioning, the two together demonstrating
that no matter what their differences, they
strove to serve the best interests of the coun-
try asa whole.

There were some serious political aberrations
in the 74 years of Westminster rule, including
the removal of the Blacks in the Cape from

the common roll, the removal of the
Coloureds and the use of such stratagems as
the High Court of Parliament and the pack-
ing of the Senate to ensure that the
Coloureds were deprived of their common-
toll rights.

Nevertheless, whatever deficiencies the West-
minister system showed, particularly with re-
gard to franchise manipulations that some of
the founding fathers of the Union of South
Africa would not have accepted, the system
served this country well.

It became clear in recent years, however, that
an all-White Parliament could no longer be
sustained indefinitely.

Change had to come.

The overwhelming majority of White electors
have voted in favour of it, and the tricameral
Parliament now comes into being in Septem-

T.

It would be foolish to predict there will be no
problems. .

The new system depends on Whites,
Coloureds and Indians working harmonious-
ly together in general affairs; there may be
problems of interpreting and advancing own
affairs.

And there are other great imponderables as
well.

But the new system is here — and it deserves
the chance to settle down and prove itself.

On the White side, there will be a continuing
campaign by the Afrikaner Right-wing par-
ties against any further dilution of White
power.

On the Black side, there will be efforts by the
radical Black movements and the United

35



CSO:

3400/2045

factor that plays no part
in their outlook and be-
haviour,” Mr Cooper
said.

“I worked on the

assumption that due to
the background of black
students, who are sub-
jected to consistent ra-
cial prejudices in South
African society, their
suspicion of fellow white
students would not be
decreased in spite of
multi-racialism and
liberal stimuli and influ-
ences on white cam-
puses.
“In my study I hypo-
thesised that black stu-
dents would co-operate
less with a white co-
player than a black one.
Or alternatively that
there would be a dis-
crepancy between the
attitudes and behaviour
of black students inter-
acting in a bi-racia|
situation.”

Mr Cooper used 30
blacks in his study.
, Their ages ranged from
18 to 34. They were
from the faculties of
arts. science, law, com-
merce, medicine, educa-
tion and dentistry.
Home languages in-
cluded English, Zulu,
Xhosa, Sesotho, N So-
tho, Tamil, Urdu, Guje-
rati and Memon.

Co-operate

Participants included
Christians, atheists,
agnostics, Hindus,
Muslims and an “unde-
sided”. Some were
oriented towards social
democracy or Black
Consciousness while the
others were non-
aligned.

Most of the partic-
ipants preferred a so-
ciety based on some
form of socialism while
the minority preferred a
liberal democracy.

Replies to questions
showed that 90 percent
felt some form of aliena-
tion on a white campus.
The rest felt it was
“purely academic” or
were “not bothered” by
the presence of white
students. 7

Typical responses
were: “Uncomfortable
and restricted,” “I can’t
take it any more... I
am missing myself”, “In-
secure”, “Far removed
from the reality of the
ghetto”, “Feelings of be-
ing surrounded by peo-
ple with power”, “An
abnormal experience”
and “I am on guard all
the time”.

Mr Cooper said when
Participants were asked
to give their impression
of white co-players im-
mediately after the
game, their responses
included “Pseudo-
friendly”, “He was de-
termined to win because
he would not live it
down if he lost to a
darkie”, “Sincere fel-
low-student” and “It’s
hard. He ‘is probably
racist but he hides it.”

When the black stu-
dents were asked about
their impressions of
black co-players, many
made personal obser-
vations like: “Seemed
like a nice fellow”,
“Looked arrogant and
played erratically”,
“Played the game with
genuine enjoyment” and
“Not concerned with
Proving his superiority”.

31



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SADF'S APOLITICAL ROLE--KIMBERLEY--The South African Defence Force would serve
under the new constitution without becoming involved in party politics, says
Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan. Even those defence force members
who had voted "no" in the constitutional referendum would loyally carry out the
Provisions of the new dispensation, he said at an army day ceremony here today.
“as in the past, the defence force will serve the new dispensation without
becoming involved in party politics—-because the SADF serves the country as a
whole and takes its orders from the Government of the day as in any other
democracy in the Western world." The SADF was, in its 72nd year of existence,
entering an exciting era and had always been able to adapt to change. "We are
entering an era of reconciliation in our country, in our subcontinent and even
in the dangerous world in which we live," General Malan said. (Text] [Johannes-
burg THE STAR in English 29 Jun 84 p 3]

TRADE UNIONISTS DETAINED--TRADE chionists and a leading politician have warned
the Government of a "threat to labour peace” following the detention of five
unionists under Section 29 of the Internal Security Act. The detentions show
up the farce of the Nationalist Government's so-called reforms, according to a
statement by the General Workers' Union, the United Democratic Front, the Mun-
icipal and General Workers’ Union, the Detainees’ Parents Support Committee and
the South African Scooter Drivers’ Union. Police have confirmed the detention
under the Act of Mr Amos Masondo and Mrs Rita Ndzanga of Gawu, Mrs Zanemvula
Mapela of the Paper Wood and Allied Workers’ Union, Mr Zizi Mduna of the Chem-
ical Workers’ Industrial Union and Mr Duma Nkosi of the Commercial Catering and
Allied Workers’ Union. In the statement the unionists say the Prime Minister,
Mr P W Botha, is claiming to South Africa and the outside world that apartheid
is reforming. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 12 Jul 84 p 7]

DISMISSED MINERS--THE Black Allied Mining and Construction Workers' Union is to

bring an urgent application in the Supreme Court to compel the Penge Asbestos

Mine management to allow them to address and represent dismissed workers. More

than.1 700 black miners have continuously refused to leave the company's grounds

and maintained that they wanted their representatives to talk to them, according

to the general secretary of the union, Mr P Nefolovhodwe yesterday. Mr

Nefolovhodwe told The SOWETAN that the management has promised to review their

recruiting rights shortly because they contended that "we did not have members |
at this stage"--their entire membership ceased with the dismissal of the strik-
ers. But, he added, the union was Proceeding with the legal action because "we

40



GUINEA

EUROPEAN AID, INVESTMENTS REQUESTED
Brussels LE SOIR in French 20 Jun 84 p 3

(Article by C.B.: "Guineans Hope That Belgium Will Bring Them Aid and
Investments" ]

[Text] When they took power last 3 April, Guinea's military discovered that
the state coffers were empty: a quarter century of Sekou Toure's "reign" had
ruined the country and left considerable potential resources practically un-
developed. That is why the military committee for national redress restored
freedom of expression and guaranteed the rights of man, and it likewise
launched a pressing appeal for foreign aid in Europe's direction, most notably
to France and Belgium. A Guinean delegation composed of the prime minister,
Colonel Diarra Traore, and ministers of international cooperation and foreign
affairs stopped in Brussels on the way back from Paris, where the delegation
met with the Belgian ministers of foreign relations of cooperation [sic], as
well as the European commissioner for development, Edgar Pisani.

The French promised the Guineans to help them reorganize their educational
system. In fact, the arbitrary introduction of local languages into Guinean
education completely disorganized it, and Guinea, which longs to be French-
speaking, lacks school books and teachers, while all the programs must be re-
vised between now and the start of the new school year. The Belgians appeared
reticént ‘to these requests in teaching matters: they do not wish to send French-
speaking teachers to Guinea, but would prefer to provide training for Guinean
teachers.

Furthermore, the Guineans asked Belgian investors to become interested in

their country and promised to write a new investment code which will allow
easier transfers of benefits back home. Guinea's mining resources are enor-
mous (bauxite, manganese, uranium, gold, diamonds) but are still most un-
developed, and the new leaders appreciate Belgian know-how in industrial matters.

Furthermore, as it has already done with nine other West African countries,
Belgium concluded a maritime agreement with Guinea by which the two countries
will share 80 percent of the trade between them. This agreement is important
because it sanctions the "maritime opening" that Belgium has started in Africa
and now trade between Antwerp and Guinea is already very important.



Thirty-two kilometres from Harare city centre, hundreds of young people gather
at an old farmhouse recently converted into a club. The style of "Hard Core",
as it calls itself, is a tropical version of London's flamboyant King's Road.
Frequented by trendies, gays, a sprinkling of transvestites and not a few
voyeurs, the club blasts gut-shaking new-wave music out into the night air
for as long as anyone cares to dance.

A sign at the door proclaims, "NO DRUGS, NO RHODIES, NO RACISTS,

MAKERS". At least two of the orders appear to be obeyed; but out on the veranda
dagga does the rounds, speed and cocaine are all, in a very "uncool" way, ex-
perimented with. This is dangerous: Zimbabwe law is just as strict on drugs
as the old Rhodesian law, and long jail sentences are handed out to offenders.

“Rhodies" are "Rhodesians", so dubbed because they are considered to be trap-
ped in the time warp of yesteryear, faithful still to the "old mentality" and
highly intolerant of "poofs", "weirdos" and "cheeky houts" (blacks).

Hard Core has had its troubles, sometimes of its own making. Recently it was
raided by the police for selling liquor without a licence. David Reller, one
of the club's organisers, who also runs a boutique, recalled: "The first
thing we knew we were surrounded by gun-toting cops and soldiers. They said
we were running an illegal shebeen and would all have to come down to the
station and pay a fine.

‘We were loaded into armoured trucks and taken away. Everyone was so stoned
that we didn't really mind and we joked and laughed. We all signed in as
rock stars. but the police didn't seem to notice. The week before, they busted
a Rhodie party for the same thing and there was a lot of aggro."

The influence of contemporary European and American youth culture is growing,
especially among those too young to have been involved in the war. Quinton, a
16-year-old with a Mohican hairstyle, says he likes Hard Core because "no one
stares". Why then the Mohican? "Oh, the usual. I just wanted to be differ-
ent." His teachers couldn't object because there was already a Rasta with
dreadlocks in his class--and his hair was well off his collar. Five years ago
Quinton would have been preparing himself for two years in the Rhodesian army,
fighting.to "keep up standards". Now he's thinking of going overseas, "because
it's more advanced socially".

If Hard Core represents one reaction to sudden change, the upsurge in "born
again" evangelism is another.

The congregation at the Christian Life Centre in suburban Harare is packed
into a hall to listen avidly to the promise of a world to come. But even here
white demoralisation intruded. "So many believers in Zimbabwe, especially
white," thundered the pastor, to his virtually all-white audience, "have been
just hanging on and are growing weary. They have been weakened and some have
become casualties. But Jesus said: 'He who endures will be saved'." ("Amen,"
cried the congregation.) "This is one of the most difficult years that many of
us can remember, Many are looking for pastures greener. But God says: "When
darkness covers the face of the earth, then the King of Heaven will return'’."

68



Others are Nudug Masruru Saada Feruz (Member of the House of Representa-

tives and also Deputy Speaker of the House), Ndugu Haji Ali Muhija (Mem~

ber of Parliament ), Ndugu Salim Juma Othman (House of Representatives),

and Ndugu Abdallah, Said Natepe (Member of the Revolutionary Council and
Member of the NEC.

CSO: 3400/2046

i)


Vegetables are grown on the centre's plots throughout the year with the ex-

ception of tomatoes and cucumbers which are grown also for seeds on experi-
mental basis. .

The other contribution from the centre assisted by the Koreans is to help
establish-Dakawa peasants cooperative farm. The DPRK Government would pro-

vide two agricultural experts to teach Peasants modern farming under this as-
sistance programme.

CSO: 3400/2046

48



The Minister said 1,500 tractors would be imported in 1984/85 while 2,400
others would be rehabilitated. The farm machines would be distributed to
public institutions, villages, co-operative unions and private institutions
operating large maize, paddy and wheat farms, he said.

He told the House that the Government would import 900 7-tonne lorries and 100
pick ups during the year to facilitate smooth movement of crops from villages
to storage centres.

Ndugu Mramba said his ministry would not initiate new industrial projects
in 1984/85. Emphasis would be placed on completion of on-going projects and
rehabilitation of those facing production problems.

CSO: 3400/2046

54



The Minister said he River Kalambo hydro-power which was thought to have a

potential for 98 mw had been proved to have far less potential which sould

have been only good enough for Sumbwanga until the year 2000. -
Responding to Ndugu B. G. Nnunduma (Lindi Rural), who wanted to know when the
water project in Rondo Division would be completed, Ndugu Ng'wandu said the
Lindi regional authorities had to increase the fuel allocation for the project.

The project required nearly 200 litres of fuel per day, he said.

CSO: 3400/2046

58



TANZANIA

DETAILS ON DPRK AID FOR DAKAWA RESEARCH CENTER GIVEN
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jun 84 p 4
[Article by George Nyembela]

[Text] MATURE rice plants swayed in golden waves in the fields in front of
us as our car arrived at Dakawa Agro-Scientific Research Centre, situated
30 kilometres from Morogoro on the new road to Dodoma.

Established in 1981 after a meeting of the non~aligned agricultural ministers
in Pyongyang, in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), the centre
has been set up to assist the movement's member countries in East and Central
Africa to become self-sufficient in food.

In 1982, Tanzania and the DPRK signed an agreement for the construction of
the centre. Similar centres would be established in the rest of the non-
aligned countries in Africa.

The Dakawa centre was launched with the purpose of studying and popularising
new farming methods related to the geographical and climatic conditions of
this African region.

Some of the methods such as experiments on scientific manuring system, seed
breeding, germination and irrigation have been carried out successfully at the
centre. .Some 76 kinds of researches on crops, tools, irrigation and fertil-
isers are also conducted.

The Project Manager, Ndugu Zakaria Kanyeka, and the leader of the Korean dele-
gation at the centre Ndugu Jong Ho Chil, guided us on a tour of the research
plots.

There are six kinds of green manure now under experiments, the head of the
Korean delegation told us.

Already, a two-hectare green manure farm has been used in the 1984 season

while rice and maize growing areas in Morogoro Region would benefit first from
the experiments.

46



Agricultural Development

The primary purpose of this support to the Rural Development Centers (CRD) is to
insure the development of agriculture in the cooperative and family sectors, so
as to improve the living standard of the rural population.

Within this framework, a SIDA source reported, the support program for the centers
includes activities oriented toward the introduction of improved farming tech-
niques and the training of agronomists and agents to organize the people, to
bring them into the programs.

The project also includes the establishment of small industries to manufacture
farm implements and soap, furniture and other arvicles needed by the people.
“The objective is to create the conditions, using means available locally, to
meet the needs of the peasants," the source added.

To give a general idea of the activities of some of the centers, the speaker
noted: “At the Maputo Center, in Cabo Delgado, the activity is linked to experi-
mentation, consisting in organizing the people for the introduction of improved
farming techniques; this takes in, among other activities in this area,the improve-
ment of seeds. In Montepuez, the center will focus its action on the training

or instruction of agronomists and technicians for small-scale industries; these
specialists will work with the cooperatives and the peasants' associations.

According to the same source, these activities will have the support of technicians
contracted byAgriculture Ministry agencies, by SIDA and by the FAO.

We also learned that SIDA has already begun recruiting technicians even as it
is preparing to conclude the final agreement for the execution of the program.
In Egekvist's opinion, all the arrangements will be completed by next November,
including the final settlement on the project among the three Scandinavian coun-
tries

Birger Egekvist added that the centers to benefit from this aid are located
in Cabo Delgado, Nampula, Niassa, Tete, Sofala, Gaza and Maputo provinces.

6362
CSO: 3442/420

18



3400/2042

Democratic Front to nullify the benefits of
the new system by intimidation, boycotts and

, political and trade union pressures.

Overriding it all is the knowledge that the
-Blacks are not accommodated, that they can-
not be left out of the new political dispensa-
tion, and that in the end it is how we find an
accommodation with them that will deter-
mine the future. «

Meanwhile, we hope that the elections to the
Coloured and Indian Houses of Parliament
will proceed without the two communities
being unduly influenced by the boycotters
and intimidators who would like to see the

stem fail.

They should bear one thing in mind — the.

‘tricameral Parliament is the end of all-White
trule and the beginning of a new era of change
:which will acquire its own momentum.

South Africa, not just Parliament, will not be

-thesame-again~

36



ZIMBABWE

SOCIAL UPHEAVAL IN NATION'S DWINDLING WHITE COMMUNITY
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES MAGAZINE in English 1 Jul 84 pp 14-17
{Article by Peter Godwin: "Whose Kith and Kin Now?"

(Text] Four years ago, Robert Gabriel Mugabe, the man most white Rhodesians
loved to hate, came to power in Zimbabwe in a last blaze of colonial pageantry.
Watching as the new nation's multi-coloured flag, complete with red star, was
slowly hoisted, the whites joked that it looked like a deckchair cover.

Incredulously, they watched as the ragtag collection of guerrillas that had
brought Mugabe to power poured into the assembly points. "We never actually
lost the war," they were quick to assert. "Not on the ground, that is."
Annoyingly, the jubilant guerrillas behaved like victors anyway.

At the crow of the cockerel (the winning party's symbol) generations of

values, standards and conventions were made obsolete. Slowly at first, and
then with gathering haste, white settler society began to adapt to life in

the Third World. Under the rallying cry of "national transformation", the gov—
ernment went about dismantling their Rhodesian inheritance. .

The transformation of television and radio from an instrument of crass
Rhodesian Front propaganda to one of crass ZANU (PF) propaganda horrified
them--but hardly more than having to call prominent blacks "comrade". A
vengeful: relishing of the mistakes of the new, Ayricanised civil service
brought its own price in inconvenience.

Now the new state of Zimbabwe has managed to denude itself of most of its
whites. Down from a population of 250 000 in the heyday of Rhodesia to little
over 100 000, whites are struggling to remain a viable community. Most of those
who have stayed have retreated from public life into the laager of sports club,
home entertaining and the video.

All this has had its effect on young whites, at last breaking away from the
austere mental habits imposed by 14 years of UDI. A sort of "style" has ap-
peared. White youths are discarding their beefy shorts and "troopie" T-shirts.
And in a country in which until recently "gay" meant happy, the homosexual
community has started to come out.

67



Emergency Water, Project Described
(Stephen McQuillan, Gavin Engelbrecht; THE STAR, 4 Jul 84)

White Mine Union Should Unite With Blacks, Surveys Finds
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 84) .cscccccccccccscccccccceccesscces

Briefs
SADF's Apolitical Role
Trade Unionists Detained
Dismissed Miners
Security Personnel Licensing
Registration of Parties
Venda 'Fix' Alleged
UDF Opposes Elections
Twala on Pac Charges

TANZANIA

Diversification of Zanzibar Economy Noted
(Salim S, Salim; DAILY NEWS, 3 Jul 84) ..ccccesecesceceece

Details on DPRK Aid for Dakawa Research Center Given
(George Nyembela; DAILY NEWS, 28 Jun 84) ..sccccccececeeee

Presidential Commission To Probe Parastatals
(DAILY NEWS, 11 Jul 84) ...

New National Defense Service Scheme Planned
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 3 Jul 84) ..ccccccecevccecceeee

Industrial Export Increase Reported
(DAILY NEWS, 11 Jul 84) .ccccscccccccccccccccccccscccevees

Development of Light Industries Planned
(Mjumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 11 Jul 84) .cscscccsesecceseees
Minerals Discovered on Nzega District
(James Mwakisyala; DAILY NEWS, 12 Jul 84) .

Role of 'Wasalama' Debated
(James Mwakisyala, Mkubwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 5 Jul 84) ....

Increased Coffee Earnings Projected
(Balinagwe Mwambungu; DAILY NEWS, 3 Jul 84) ..scccccecceee

Briefs
New Passport Procedure
DPRK Agreement
Transfer of Soldiers
Aid for TPCC
Bicycles Imported
Fighting Border Banditry

-e-

38

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40
40
40
41
41
41
42
42

43

46

49

51

53

55

57

59

61

63
63
63
64
64
64



Although he finds South Africa "culturally offensive" and disagrees with apart-
heid, Michael has applied for jobs there. "As a stepping stone," he explained,
"to earn enough in foreign currency so we can emigrate to England." (That is

a journey his parents made ‘in reverse at his age.) But South Africa is littered
with white Zimbabweans who only intended to use it as a transit point and have
never made enough to move on.

Michael is quick to admit that he would be pressed to find an equal standard of
living elsewhere: "Most whites are still comfy here, very comfy, but as a
community we've only a few years left. It's slowly dying and I don't want to
sit here and watch it happen."

It's not an aversion to blacks that's driving the Duckworths away. It's the
fact that they feel they no longer belong here, and that their community is no
longer genuinely welcome. Michael said: "One gets the feeling that we are only
allowed to stay on sufferance and if we step out of line we'll be out on our
ear. In any case they'll probably get rid of us the minute they think they can
manage without us. That's no way to live and no environment in which to bring
up kids. Whatever the supposed evils of colonialism, I think it also brought
considerable benefits. I'm not prepared to apologise for being white and con-

stantly be made to feel ashamed of the white legacy. I'd rather leave than do
that."

Mugabe's concept of reconciliation, with its hint of the big stick as encourage-
ment, worries many whites who simply want to be left alone. Their confidence
is also shaken by socialist invective against the private sector, arrests of
whites suspected of sabotage or insulting black VIPs, lurid details of the
torture of the Air Force officers accused of blowing up Thornhill air base.

And inflation is up to 16 percent and rising.

But some whites, like Piers Nicolle, are determined to stay anyway. His farm
lies about 80 km west of Harare in the district of Lomagundi, the country's
grain basket. His uncle had been Ian Smith's Minister of Internal Affairs,
but Nicolle is heavily critical of the Smith regime. "We were conned into
fighting the war by Smith. Most soldiers in the war were under 21. They were
told that they were defending their country, and what young man doesn't like
playing cowboys and Indians?

On the African side, young lads playing soccer with a ball made of newspaper
tied with string were suddenly presented with an AK47 rifle and told: ‘Here,
this can kill and get you free grub,' Both sides were conned: we by racism
and they by liberation."

A fluent Shona speaker whose family has lived in the country for three gener-
ations, Nicolle knows the Mashona very well.

Nicolle has a theory--one shared by many whites—that the ruling party, ZANU
(PF), has a shortlist "of 60 000 whites, handpicked, and the rest can go. We
produce 25 000 acres (10 116ha) of arable crops, our farms total 40 000 acres
(16 187ha) and we employ 12 000 workers. My grandfather and father didn't
sit on their backsides. We are part of the 60 000 because we're workers."

70



A few more rousing hymns, the spectacle of "speaking in tongues", a last blast
from the preacher, and the crowd adjourned to the vestry. There, over tea, one
of them mentioned that more than 10 000 emigration applications were currently
waiting for Reserve Bank approval. "That will bring the white population here
down to under 100 000 within the next few months." One of their pastors was
among the new emigrants, "giving a new ministry by Gods..in South Africa."

Younger whites who have so far resisted the urge to pack up and run can still
be found in gracious garden suburbs enjoying their swimming pools, tennis
courts and G-and-T brought by servants. But the servant is now a "domestic
worker", paid a minimum wage, protected from arbitrary dismissal, probably a
member of the ruling party, ZANU (PF), and treated more warily than previously.
And today's white suburbanite may well have black neighbours enjoying the same
way of life. The numerous vacancies left in the former white suburbs have been
quickly filled.

The black middle class, made up of civil servants (in a dramatically enlarged
civil service) and businessmen, now probably outnumbers the white community.

It comprises both those who have returned, from exile--"returnees"-—and those
who stayed in the country throughout the war: those who were actively involved
in the guerrilla struggle have the most prestige. Iconoclasts they certainly are
not, although some of them are plainly not whole-heartedly sympathetic to
Robert Mugabe's aspirations for Zimbabwe--whether the one-party state or purer
socialism. -

Despite the official rhetoric of multi-racialism, whites generally stick to
their own kind outside working hours. Liberal and expatriate whites who do
actively socialise across the colour b ar are often denigrated as "Third World
groupies", Mixed marriages are still unusual and unheard-of between those who
have not been abroad. Multiracial sex still seems to nauseate local whites:
several walked out of Fassbinder's film "Marriage of Maria Braun" at the black
on white sex scene.

Most young professional whites see their futures elsewhere. Michael Duckworth,
for example, returned to Zimbabwe in 1982 after completing a South African
university degree. He had done his time in the Rhodesian army but had no
stomach for the war and was optimistic about the future on his return. That
initial enthusiasm has now dissipated, and he's making arrangements to leave
with his new wife, who's .expecting their first child. He feels a victim of what
he calls "reverse racism". "They can't do without us yet, and they resent us
for that."

Michael, like many whites, feels that high standards in health and eeucation
are being downgraded to accommodate the masses. Having been privately educated
himself, he particularly resents the recent government action on private schools
that are still "too white".

"Do you know, at the start of this term they sent school inspectors to all the
private schools to count heads, and check that enough of them were black? Those
that hadn't the required quota had to find more blacks before they could open.
That's racism, isn't it? I thought it didn't matter what colour you were now..."

69



A new career in England at the age of 45 is not going to be easy for Tim, but
he and his family have found they can cope with the security problem no longer.
All around their farm in the Nyamandlovu area white farmers have been murder-
ed.

“In the end," said Tim, "you just can't live with that sort of atmosphere.
And there is no hope of it ending, only getting worse."

"The effect it had on our children, which we didn't fully appreciate at the
time, was horrific,” said Sue. "Our nine-year-old son was so nervous he
wouldn't go to the toilet at night without someone standing guard at the door
with a gun. On our radio we used to hear people under fire, and our neigh-
bours on one side were killed."

In southern Zimbabwe, particularly, the fight has gone out of the whites, and
those who stay no longer sneer at those who have "gapped it": perhaps most of

them would like to do the same. "What used to be called the ‘chicken run’,
during the war," said Tim Wryly, "is now called the 'wise owl run'."

CsO: 3400/2043

72



thereby making it very difficult for the organization to func-

tion.

But the women were undeterred. They used their own tactics to hoodwink the
racists and continue with their work. Their contributions in the formation
of the mighty United Democratic Front in Cape Town last year was tremendous.

The very fact that Albertinah Sisulu, despite being in prison at the time of
the conference, was elected one of its three presidents, bears testimony to
the great efforts of the women.

Q:--What are the plans for the Year of the Women?

s--The ANC and the people of South Africa will, during the course of the year,
undertake activities intended to further enhance the participation of our women
in the struggle, and thus expand the liberation forces in our drive for the
earliest attainment of the goals of freedom, democracy and peace. At the same
time we appeal to the international community to pool their energies and support
for the complete isolation of apartheid South Africa.

We also appeal for support to free our young comrades from prison. Young free-
dom-fighters like Lilian Keagile, Barbara Hogan, Thandi Modise are serving
long terms in the racist dungeons.

We welcome back Dorothy Nyembe, a former President of the ANCWL (Natal). She
was released in March after completing 15 years in gaol. World public opin-
ion forced the racist regime to release Albertinah Sisulu on bail pending an
appeal against here conviction for furthering the aims of the African National
Congress, for which she was sentenced to two years hard labour.

CSO: 3400/2045

29



Consultation will be provided by SOFRERAIL, an advisory department of the French
Railways; seven of its staff members are already in Nacala.

Financing and Scope

At this time, the foreign exchange required to finance the project has been
guaranteed by Canada, France and Portugal.

The renovation of the Nacala line will cost 3.8 million contos and is part of
a large-scale action in regional cooperation.

Preliminary studies for the execution of the project indicate that its advanced
technology and high degree of mechanization will call for an average daily pro-
duction of 1,500 concrete crossties and 1,400 cubic meters of stone.

The process of laying the track could reach as much as 800 meters per day.
The tracks will be welded in a mobile machine shop which will accompany the
work as it proceeds.

Renovation of the Nacala line involves the replacement of the current rails,

weighing 30 kilograms per meter, with rails weighing 40 kilograms per meter,
which will allow trains to reach speeds of 80 kilometers per hour.

6362
CSO: 3442/420

15



MOZAMBIQUE

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION DROPS IN MAPUTO PROVINCE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jun 84 p 8

{Text] Livestock production in Maputo Province declined by
about 78,000 head of cattle in the last 3 years, and the
declining trend has continued during this year, according
to a report presented by the Provincial Directorate of
Agriculture [DPA] to the most recent session of the province
government. In 1980, Maputo had about 428,445 head of
cattle; in 1983 it registered about 350,000 head.

Among the reasons cited forthis dramatic decline in the herd is the prolonged
drought which has devastated the province for some years and continues to seriously
affect other provinces in the south and southeast of the country, causing enormous
losses in this area and in agriculture.

According to a source in the DPA, Magude and Moamba districts, which have been
considered up to now to have the largest herds, particularly cattle herds, have
been recording declines since 1980, most severely between 1982 and 1983.

From 1980 to 1982, these districts suffered a decline of 30,000 and 18,000 head,
respectively... The other districts, ‘where livestock production was already inade-
quate, continue to experience increasing difficulties in expanding their herds.
This is true of all sectors, from the state to the family sector.

Drought and Theft

In addition to the drought, which has forced the herdsmen to become nomads in
several provinces, the DPA report notes that there is also theft and indiscrimi-
nate slaughtering of cattle in these districts.

Cattle theft is currently on the rise and, according to the DPA report, the
effects of the activities of the armed bands have also been felt in livestock
production.

The DPA report also reveals that the drought situation last year made it impos-
sible to execute the health assistance program in its entirety. In justification,

21



MOZAMBIQUE

SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES TO FINANCE AGRICULTURAL PROJECT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jun 84 p 8

[Text] In January 1985, an agricultural development program
will be initiated for the cooperative and family sectors in
15 selected districts in 7 provinces of the country, as part
of the MONAP-3 programs for the next 5 years. Our newpaper
learned from Birgir Egekvist, coordinator of agricultural
projects of the program and an official of the SIDA (Swedish
Agency for International Development} that this group of
actions will be carried out through support to the develop-
ment of 16 Rural Development centers existing or under con-
struction in some regions of the country. Angelo Raul,
national director for the cooperative and family sectors, of
the Ministry of Agriculture, confirmed the fact and added
that the project would be carried out following the con-
clusion of Phase 2 of the MONAP Program, in December 1984,

To determine the type of activities to be developed in the 16 centers, departments
of the Agriculture Ministry, together with a mission connected with the program,
conducted a study last March on how to implement the program. As a result, the

16 centers were chosen to benefit from the support. SIDA accepted the draft
proposal as initially presented.

Because the project involves five Scandinavian countries, which must give it
their approval, a meeting among them is scheduled for next week, when they
will discuss the forms of financing for the project.

The cost of the project has been initially estimated at $18.5 million, which
should be donated by the five countries.

Birger Egekvist added, however, that Sweden will contribute 42.8 percent of
the total cost and Denmark will contribute 24 percent, followed by Norway, with
16 percent. Finland will donate 15.7 percemt and, finally, Iceland will donate
1.1 percent of the total amount.

17



DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACK STUDENTS STILL EXISTS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Jul 84 p 5

[Text]

A FORM of quota system is still restricting black
intake at white universities although these institu-
tions are said to have gone multiracial.

’The black student population at the four white
English universities is: 3,8 percent African, 5,9 per-
cent Indian and four percent coloured. At the white
Afrikaans universities the total coloured, Indian and
African student population is one percent.

Black. students have
described themselves as
being conscious of “their
status” at these universi-
ties. There is little mix-
ing between black and
white students.

Some of the black stu-
dents interviewed said
they wished to maintain
their identities.

‘Commenting on their

at the universi-
ties and relationships
with white students,
some black students
said: “We can’t relate to
them... they talk dif-
ferently. Their ideals
and values are differ-
ent.”

Obliging

“They go out of their
way to please and ac-
commodate us, but of-
ten they slip up by mak-
ing liberal and paterna-
listic statements.”

“We prefer being with
fellow black students be-
cause we have things in
common, whether it be

about girls, playing thu-
nee or the NIC.”

White students inter-
viewed about the pres-
ence of blacks on cam-
pus said: “It has been a
great breakthrough hav-
ing black students with
us. They are easy to get
on with and are always
obliging about sharing
their knowledge and
skills.”

Mistrust

“For some of us, it has
been the first time we
have had the opportu-
nity to meet and mix
with blacks. Having
been exposed to this, we
are becoming aware of
their way of life.”

One student said:
“While black students
are here, we just have to
accommodate them. I
don’t have any intention
of going out of my way
to be friendly with
them.”

“We don’t find black
students friendly. They

30

SOUTH AFRICA

appear to look at us with
suspicion and mistrust
no matter how hard we
try to break barriers.”

A study into “Black
Co-operative and hence
Trusting Behaviour in a
bi-racial Experimental
Situation” was con-
ducted recently at Wits
by Sathasivan Cooper, a
clinical psychology stu-
dent.

Mr Cooper said this
week the purpose of the
study was to investigate
the behaviour of black
students on a predomi-
nantly white university
campus through an
experimental games
analysis.

“With the increase of
various forms of multi-
racialism and liberalism
on South African uni-
versity campuses, the
impression has been cre-
ated that black students
have developed past the
stage of racial perspec-
tive and that race is a



MOZAMBIQUE

MACHUNGO ADDRESSES ZAMBEZIA PROVINCIAL COMMITTEE SESSION
Mapuo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jun 84 p 8

[Report on address by Mario Machungo, commissioner of Zambezia Province, to
the Fourth Session of the Party Provincial Committee, on 15 June 1984]

[Text] "A party member, at whatever level, must be active in

the party cell and in his neighborhood, to insure that the
decisions and guidelines reach the rank and file and are assimi-
lated by the popular masses," Mario Machungo, member of the
Political Bureau and commissioner of Zambezia Province, declared
yesterday in an address during the closing ceremony of the

Fourth Session of the Party Provincial Committee, which began last
Tuesday. At this session, the participants analyzed the degree
to which the directives of the Third Session have been implemented
and also studied the directive of the First Session of the
Central Committee and approved the general lines of the provincial
program for the celebrations commemorating 25 September, among
other items.

Participating in this session were Central Committee members residing in the
province, members of the Provincial Committee and invited guests, who included
members of the Provincial Government, district first secretaries, provincial
secretaries of the ODM's [ Mozambican defense organizations] and members of
social-professional organizations, as well as other party and government cadres.

The report of the Provincial Committee Secretariat » presented during the opening
session, referred to all the activities developed by the party in the political,
economic and social life of the province, notably the positive experiences
gathered during the 1983/1984 Agricultural Campaign and the efforts underway in
the current phase to insure the success of the Marketing Campaign.

The three study groups, formed during the proceedings of the fourth session,
analyzed the 1983/1984 Agricultural Campaign, marketing, small-scale programs,
national defense, legality, internal activities of the party, of the ODM's and
of the social-professional associations. They also studied such specific docu-
ments as the resolutions of the Third Session of the Central Committee and the
program for the celebrations commemorating 25 September.

12



And to impress the government with his productivity, said Nicolle, he invested
Zim-$2m in new irrigation the day Mugabe came to power. When he met the Prime
Minister, Nicolle was personally assured that whites like he were needed in
the new Zimbabwe. Nicolle’ removed his glasses and said to Mugabe: "When I
take off my glasses and talk to you, I talk to you as an African and you can
see my eyes, and these will be the same eyes that look at you if you break
your word..."

Behind his bar, dispensing cold beer, Nicolle got on to another of his bug-
bears: aid. Mugabe was a puppet because he was begging for it, he was no
longer master of his own destiny. But then Nicolle didn't have much faith in
Zimbabwe's "socialism". All had been made plain to him when Mugabe got into
Power, he said. "The very next day I saw he was escorted around the country in
a Mercedes-Benz, and I said to myself: "There's no socialism here because the
povo (masses) are still on their flat feet'. " No, he didn't take the new
"isms" very seriously: "I mean, what the hell does a word like 'egalitarian-
ism' mean to people around here?"

It is rather surprising, then, that Nicolle is a paid-up member of the ruling
party ZANU (PF). He told us how this unlikely event came to pass. "My own
workers proposed me as a member," he smiled proudly. "So the local comrade
came round to see me on his motor-bike. I told him straight: "I'm a Christian
so the state is not my god. I've got a bit mouth which I don't know when to
keep closed, and I'm in Zimbabwe not because you need me, but because it's my
country the same as it's yours'." A month later he was approved.

I asked Nicolle what, if anything, would drive him to leave. "When ny
culture's endangered," came the immediate reply. "For instance, through edu-
cation: if I can't choose schools for my kids. I want to be identified in the
Zimbabwe stew: cultures must have an identity in the amalgam, as a carrot,

a potato or a piece of meat." After a moment's hesitation, he continued:

"I'd also consider going if I found I could no longer make a profit. I need a
reasonable return for my gamble."

Whatever his eccentricities, Nicolle seemed to belong in Africa. "I'm not a
European. When the census official came around we crossed out the word
‘European’ and wrote ‘African’. TXe official said: "Hey, you can't do that,
you're white’. But we soon told him where to go."

Hundreds of kilometres away at the other end of the country lies Matabeleland,

a province which presents another problem for farmers, one that hasn't bothered
Nicolle since the war ended: armed guerrillas, or "dissidents" as the govern-

ments prefers to call them.

Tim Gibbs and his wife Sue are leaving, part of a growing flood of white
farmers abandoning their ranches in southern Zimbabwe. In the past year alone
their numbers have decreased from 628 to 495, and many of those who remain run
their farms from the relative safety of the city rather than run the risk of
living on their own land.

71



Similar measures, based on the Presidential Commission on Cost Reduction in
Parastatal Organisations, were planned for National Trading Companies (NTC),
some of which would be amalgamated or scrapped, he explained.

He said the size of NTC's would be reduced to match the volume of trade,
which was determined by availability of locally produced and imported goods. .
NTCs with overlapping responsibilities would be amalgamated.

The Minister told the House that the proposed cost reduction measures would
objectively affect all structural levels of the targeted organisations and
will affect their workers "in one way or another".

He said Regional Trading Companies (RTCs) would take over distribution of
goods earlier confined to NICs with immediate effect to reduce distribution
costs, which were paid for by the consumer.

RTCs will operate at the regional and district levels only as a cost reduction
measure. The Minister said co-operative unions and divisional groups of co-
operative shops would channel the goods from the district RTC branches to re-
tailers. *

He said the RTCs would be solely responsible and accountable for the daily
distribution of essential commodities. Regional and district distribution
committees would confine their role to the projection of long-term distribution
patterns and supervising implementation, he said.

He said the Board of Internal Trade (BIT) and the RTCs were working out a
better distribution system, which would ensure smooth delivery of commodities
from RTCs to retailers.

He asked the House to approve 864.8m/- for his Ministry's development ex-
penditure in 1984/85 and 86.8m/- for recurrent expenditure.

CsO: 3400/2046

56



receiving support from Enemel (the state enterprise for machines and equip-
ment), which has six technicians trained at the Cachapuz offices in Portugal,
and is in the process of training three more. Cachapuz was founded 50 years
ago, and is the leading supplier of scales and weighing machines to Cuba,
Sweden, Algeria, Mozambique and Gabon. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 29 Jun 84 p 3] 2909 .

CABINDA AGRICULTURAL MARKETING FIGURES--Cabinda--ANGOP has learned from the
Internal Trade Agency that, between January and May of this year, ENCODIPA
[National Company for Purchase and Distribution of Agricultural Products]
purchased over 370 tons of agricultural products from the peasants, noteworthy
among which were bananas, cassava and oil palm. The system for associating
the workers to supply the population, which was approved by the People's Assem-
bly, is now being implemented; and plans call for the starting of the system
of supply based on family group within a short time, as was learned from the
same source. ENCODIPA will purchase 1,280 tons of farm products from the
peasants this year. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Jun 84

p 3] 2909

CHICKS FROM ZIMBABWE--Harare--A source from the Angolan Ministry of Agriculture
confirmed to ANGOP that Zimbabwe will export a large number of chicks to
Angola worth $800,000 (nearly 240 million kwanzas). The first shipment of
75,000 chicks left the city of Harara on Saturday, bound for Luanda, according
to an authorized source. The export contract was signed by the Angolan
Government and the major Zimbabwe firm Arbor Acres, as part of the bilateral
cooperation that exists in this area. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 30 Jun 84 p 3] 2909

UIGE MILITARY EXERCISES--The soldiers from the ninth battalion of the fifth
brigade stationed in the town of Negage recently held military exercises

to assess their combat capacity and readiness. At the conclusion of the
exercises, some officers, sergeants and privates who most distinguished
themselves in the work for combat readiness, because of the spirit of organi-
zation and discipline that they displayed were given awards. The provincial
commissar of Uige, Zeferino Estevao Juliana, who attended the ceremony, urged
that group of combatants on this occasion to implement the knowledge that they
had acquired, with a view toward neutralizing the enemy's criminal acts. Also
present for the exercises were officers from the defense and security agencies
stationed:in that area, and members of the party and government leadership in
the province. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Jun 84 p 3] 2909

CSO: 3442/431



SOUTH AFRICA

ANC TO INCREASE WOMEN'S PARTICIPATION IN STRUGGLE
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 8 Jul 84 p 5

(Mittah Seperepere, representative of the African National Congress (women's
section), interviewed by Eric Singh in the Secretariat of the Women's Inter-
national Democratic Federation (IDFF) in Berline; date not given]

[Text] Q:--One of the major items of the Year of South African Women (1984)
announced by the African National Congress is the 30th anniversary of the
Federation of South African Women (FSAW). Can you tell us something about this
body?

2--The formation of FSAW in Johannesburg on April 17, 1954, was a milestone in
the history of our struggle for freedom, because at that time it was the only
organisation that cut through racial barriers bringing together African, col-
oured, Indian and white women under one democratic body.

Q:--What was the motive in forming this body?

A:--Women the world over face many handicaps in society because of their sex.
In South Africa these handicaps are multiplied because of the addition of class
and colour. The burning question was, however, the intention of the racist
regime to extend the pass laws to cover women as well.

Q:--What are passes?

A:--Passes are badges of slavery. It is a thick 48-paged document with a hard
black cover. This document must be carried by an African, male or female above
the age of 16. Failure to produce the document on demand means immediate ar-
rest and imprisonment, causing hardship and misery to millions of people each
year.

The pass serves to regulate the movement of Africans; to determine whether one
may or may not be employed; where one can live; where a dead body may or may
not be buried and even determine who one can marry. Passes have been in force
for African men since the last century.

The Nationalist Party, on coming to power in 1948, launched a vicious attack
on the few liberties that were still remaining to the oppressed black majority.

27



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

NEW PASSPORT PROCEDURE--THE just ended immigration seminar has approved a
procedure which seeks to enable passport applicants to have the document within
three weeks after filling the necessary forms Shihata reported. The Principal
Inmigration Officer, Ndugu Bakari Mbwana, said yesterday that stern action
would be taken against an immigration officer who will go against the proced-
ure. The new procedure was aimed at curbing unnecessary delays, he said. He
called on the public to report stubborn immigration officers to the depart-
ment's headquarters or the Party offices. He said in order to eliminate de-
lays in issuing passports regional immigration offices have been empowered to
issue the documents. The seminar, which was held in Dar es Salaam, commended
the department's better performance of its services to the people. [Text]
{Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 29 Jun 84 p 3]

DPRK AGREEMENT--TANZANIA and the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK)
yesterday signed an agreement of co-operation in postal and telecommunications
services between the two countries. The agreement was signed in Dar es Salaam.
The agreement was signed by the Minister for Communications and Works, Ndugu
John Malecela on behalf of Tanzania while the DPRK Ambassador to Tanzania,
Ndugu Li-ryong Yon signed on behalf of his government. Following the signing
of the agreement, rapid and efficient transmission and improved reception of
information between the two friendly countries will be ensured, according to a
statement issued by the ministry of communications and works after the signing
ceremony. The statement said the agreement envisages rendering of services
covering. necessary and important matters either directly or through a thirty
country with Dar es Salaam post office and Pyongyang international post office
in Tanzania and DPRK as official centres of exchange respectively. Speaking
shortly after the signing ceremony Ndugu Malecela said the agreement was yet
another sign of co-operation between the two countries. [Text] [Dar es
Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 29 Jun 84 p 3]

TRANSFER OF SOLDIERS--THE Zanzibar Chief Minister, Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad,
has assured soldiers who were transferred from the Isles to the Mainland that
their transfers were routine and not because of lack of trust on them by the
Party and Government. Shihata reported on Friday that Ndugu Hamad made the
assurance in his speech to the 38th Division of the Tanzania People's Defence
Forces (IPDF) in Mwanga district, Kilimanjaro region. The Chief Minister
cautioned the soldiers to beware of rumour mongers who are bent upon destroy-
ing the union of Tanzania. Ndugu Hamad further assured the soldiers that the

63



anniversary celebrations. The agreement states that the two leaders would
Meet every two years to discuss the border security situation and take joint
steps in punishing wrongdoers. Ndugu Liundi told Makamba State officials that
Kagera regional authorities were also interested in regular meetings with them
to discuss security along the border. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in
English 6 Jul 84 p 1]

TRADE WITH KENYA--BILATERAL trade between Tanzania and Kenya will be con-
ducted in accordance with business regulations governing trade in the two
countries, the Ministry of Industries and Trade announced yesterday. A press
release by Ministry said previous procedures which required local exporters to
secure State House permits before doing business in Kenya had been abolished
following the recent trade and communications agreements between the two
countries. The release said exporters intending to trade in Kenya would now
be required to abide by export procedures already laid down, including conduct-
ing deals through the National Bank of Commerce (NBC). Documents to be pre-
sented by the exporters would include, Customs Declaration (CD-3) forms and
copies of export licences together with shipping order, the statement stated.
Importers based in Kenya will also be required to abide by the open general
licence (GL). Payments would be made in each country's local currencies.
According to the release, the procedures in payments would be reviewed and
amended if the two countries agreed on alternative modes of payments. Cash
transaction without passing through the bank were forbidden, the release warned.
Meanwhile, talks on trade between Tanzania and Kenya are scheduled to end next
month, according to the Director General of the Board of External Trade (BET),
Ndugu Mbaruk Mwandoro. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 5 Jul 84
Pi)

TCA BUYS COTION--THE Tanzania Cotton Authority (TCA) has purchased 5,257,737
kilogrammes of cotton worth 44,638,187/15 in Shinyanga Region during the first
week of the buying season which began on June 25, this year. Presenting a
progress report to the regional committee responsible for the purchase of
cotton in Shinyanga yesterday, the TCA Regional Operations Manager, Ndugu
Enock Bugoro, said the amount was higher than that bought during the same
period last year--3,570,452 kgs. Ndugu Bugoro told the committee that short-
age of trucks to haul the crop from buying posts to ginneries, fuel and gunny
bags were hampering the buying exercise, Shihata reported. He said since the
beginning of the buying season, TCA had not received any fuel until on Tuesday
when a railway tanker with 40,000 litres of diesel and another with the same
amount industrial diesel oil were received. The area requires 200,000 litres.
The Shinyanga TCA office, which also caters for Tabora, and Singida regions,
needed 157 trucks this season. At the moment, according to the official,
there are only 30 lorries to do the job. The official also told the committee
chaired by the Shinyanga Regional Commissioner, Chief Charles Masanja, that of
the 130,000 gunny bags ordered by the branch, only 15,660 had been received.
(Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 5 Jul 84 p 1]

NEWSPAPERS', PRINTERS' MERGER--THE government is studying the possibility of
merging the local newspapers with the respective printers, the Minister of
State in the Prime Minister's Office, Ndugu Anna Makinda revealed in the Na-
tional Assembly yesterday. Responding to Ndugu Kijakazi Kyelula (National,
Dar es Salaam) who said it was high time such mergers were effected to reduce

65



costs, the Minister cautioned that a thorough study was necessary before ef-
fecting the move. Ndugu Makinda said suggestions to merge the National Print-
ing Company (Kiuta) with Uhuru and Mzalendo newspapers and Printpak with the
Daily News and Sunday News had been ensorsed by the Party. She said the
relation between the newspapers and the printing firms was commercial and
therefore did not augur well with the operation of the newspapers since the
latter did not have other viable means of income to meet operating expenses.
In a supplementary question Ndugu P. I. Misigalo (Tabora Urban), who in 1982
conducted a study on the issue asked why the mergers were delayed and why
newspapers and printers fell under different parent ministries. Ndugu Makinda,
said the Government "did not want to rush into something it would regret
later". Responding to another question by Ndugu T. N. Bwire (Bunda) on ef-
fecting better communication links between the Tanzania News Agency (SHIHATA)
office in Mara Region and the headquarters of the Agency in Dar es Salaam,
Ndugu Makinda said a telex would be installed at the Mara office during the
1984/85 financial year. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 4 Jul
84 p 3]

CATILE SALES~-LIVESTOCK keepers in Shinyanga Region realized 141,095,591/80
from the sale of 72,504 head of cattle, goats and sheeps during the second
quarter of the year ending June 30, 1984. Shinyanga Regional Manager, Clemo
Mgonera, said in Shinyanga at the weekend that the figure was higher than the
first quarter when a total of 57,479 livestock worth 106,153,064/- were sold.
The Tanzania Livestock Marketing Company (TLMC) Ndugu Clemo Mgonera, said in
Shinyanga yesterday that the figure was higher than the first quarter when a
total of 57,479 livestock worth 106,153,064/- were sold. He said out of the
amount, 134,159,675/- was realised from the sale of 48,116 head of cattle
compared to 36,752 valued at 99,347,045/- obtained from January to the end of
March this year. The official said at least 15,479 of the purchased head of
cattle and 4,421 goats and sheep have been transported from Shinyanga to other
regions, including Zanzibar, during the last three months. Meanwhile, the
Shinyanga Regional Livestock Development Officer, Dr. E. S. Munuo said that
the census which was conducted from June 1, this year to the middle of last
month had been completed, adding that officials were currently compiling data.
[Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 9 Jul 84 p 3]

CsO: 3400/2046

66


NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

NUJOMA THANKS CUBA--HAVANA: Mr Sam Nujoma, leader of Swapo left Havana last
Sunday after a five-day visit which included talks with President Fidel Castro.
Official Cuban sources said his discussions with Mr Castro centred on the future
of Namibia. Cuba has repeatedly said it will not withdraw its some 25 000
troops until Namibia has been granted independence by South Africa. The sources
said Mr Nujoma thanked Cuba's communist government for the support it had

shown in Swapo's guerrilla campaign against South African forces. [Text]
(Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 26 Jun 84 p 3]

HIGH SCHOOL CADET CAMP--OKAHANDJA: A cadet camp will be held for Coloured high
school scholars during the school holidays from July 2 to 6 in Okahandja. Ap-
plications have already been received from 120 scholars and 12 teachers from
schools in Windhoek, Swakopmund, Mariental, Keetmanshoop, Karasburg and
Ludertiz. Officers from the Military School in Okahandja will train the
cadets. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 Jun 84 p 4]

PRICE RISE~-WE regret to inform our readers the Advertiser's selling price

has been increased to 25 cents from 20 cents. This was necessary because of
soaring printing costs and a hike in GST. We'd like to remined you, however,
that The Advertiser is the only newspaper that has kept its price constant
since 1982. [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 3 Jul 84 Pp 1j

cso: 3400/2019

24



Zimbabwe, as a member of the Annex B countries exporting less than 400 000
bags a year, would not receive a share of the extra four million bags.

“Negotiations are currently taking place with ICO to try to obtain a share of
this extra allocation for the year October 1 1983-September 30 1984.

Quotas for 1984-85 and 1985-86 would be decided in September and Mr Fennell
understood there was a good chance of an increased quota, depending on the
size of the global quota.

"I am very pleased at the response of members to the training programme, and

I must emphasise the need to ensure that Managers and supervisors are kept
up to date with the latest developments," he said.

CSO: 3400/2041 END

76



ANGOLA

NAMIBE SUFFERS DECREASE IN VINEYARDS, OLIVE PRODUCTION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Jun 84 p 3

[Text] JORNAL DE ANGOLA learned from the provincial representative of agricul-
ture, Pereira Camaninga, through its correspondent, that the vineyards and
olive plantations in Namibe Province have recently undergone a considerable
decline, owing to the meager technical backup and infrastructures to guarantee
a good irrigation system and plant health treatment.

Although the priority in agricultural production is, in fact, attached to food
products which are essential for human life, it is a pressing concern to main-
tain other crops that already exist, such as grapevines and olive trees, the
few crops which are typically "foreign," in other words, native to countries
with temperate climates, primarily in Europe, which as a result of mere
accommodation to the climate, have become adapted to Namibe. The elimination
of these crops would mean that in the near future, when an attempt is made to
accomplish something more profitable in this area, such as the construction of
olive‘oil factories and other undertakings associated with grape growing,

aimed at the country's economic development, it would be necessary, for the
second time, to resort to imports of plants of those species.

The bulk of the olive plantations and vineyards is located on the Namibe
green belt, specifically, an the banks of the Bero and Giraul Rivers, covering
a total of 370 hectares, distributed in 12 agricultural centers which include
the Benfica, Torres, Aida, Amelia, Mata, Agricultural-Livestock, Kaparula,
Giraul,’ Saco-Mar, Kipola and former Gaspar Madeira farms.

In this connection, it is more than evident that there are large expanses of
land invaded by weeds and in a state of underdevelopment, something which has
had repercussions on the production rates, which have proven to be rather low;
since the highest one since the proclamation of independence totaled 31.4 tons,
in the 1980 harvest. Last year, only 6.9 tons of grapes were attained.

As for olive growing, the fields are scattered in different units far removed
from one another, because they had originally been intended for the restricted
consumption of the former owners, and were virtually considered lacking in
importance; a fact which, at the time of the harvests, entailed serious
obstacles with regard to transportation to the only pickling unit in existence.



Trade With Kenya

TCA Buys Cotton

Newspapers', Printers' Merger
Cattle Sales

ZIMBABWE

Social Upheaval in Nation's Dwindling White Commmity
(Peter Godwin; SUNDAY TIMES MAGAZINE, 1 Jul 84) ......ee0

Dissident Capture Rate Rises in Matabeleland
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 84) cisccccccccecceccecccccscceceecce

Mugabe's Speech on Socialism Seen as Prediction for Grim Future
(THE CITIZEN, 14 Jul 84) veccscccccccceccccsccceccccsscess

Coffee Exports Earn $21.5 Million in Foreign Exchange
(THE HERALD, 3 Jul 84) ..

65

65

65

66

67

73

74

75


In his address to the closing session, Mario Machungo praised the effort which
the members and participants put forth to insure the success of the proceedings
of this Fourth Session of the Provincial Committee.

The highest official of Zambezia Province said the primary task of all Mozam-
bicans is to combat hunger and the armed bands.

"We do not have adequate stocks of merchandise to trade, so we must find other ways
to purchase all the surplus produced by the people. Our province is quite rich
in coca, sugar, salt, dried fish and dried shrimp, and if they were shipped

to areas where they are scarce, we could minimize the marketing problem," Mario
Machungo recommended, referring to the problem of the shortage of merchandise
to exchange [for produce] at the marketing posts.

During the proceedings of the Fourth Session of the Zambezia Provincial Committee,
peasants of Elalane, the OMM [Organization of Mozambican Women] in Quelimane,
children from the Sinacura Primary School, residents of Mocuba and Gurue and

also workers from the Udaril company celebrated the meeting with messages,
cultural activities and donations of money to assist the victims of the floods
which recently devastated the south of the country and to build the headquarters
of the Party Provincial Committee in Zambezia.

6362
CSO: 3442/420

13



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS OFFICE--An executive order from the head of
the Ministry of Energy, published in the "Gazette of the Republic" has created
the Engineering Industrial Projects Office (GEPI-UEE), with headquarters in this
city. The enterprise now founded comes under the Ministry of Energy, through
the National Heavy Industry Directorate, which is responsible for guiding and
checking the activity of the enterprise, which has the authority to purchase

or lease buildings and equipment. The funds for establishing the enterprise
total 6 million kwanzas, in addition to other funds [illegible word] from
amortization and the [illegible word] which will be procured from a percentage
of the surplus of each fiscal year. The purpose of the GEPI-UEE is to render
engineering services in the industrial projects area, and it may also engage
in other supplementary activities or those with a technical affinity to its
primary purpose, as the ministerial order explains. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE
ANGOLA in Portuguese 3 Jul 84 p 2] 2909

MUNICIPAL COMMISSARS IN CABINDA--On Tuesday, the. provincial commissar, Jorge
Barros Chimpuati, swore in the new municipal commissar of Kacongo, Joao Pedro,
and the representatives of cooperation, agriculture and social affairs, who
are Mateus Abel, Francisco Valeiro and Almeida Fatima Xavier, respectively.
Also taking office as assistant municipal commissars for Belize, Buco-Zau

and Kacongo, were Simao Dende, Jose da Silva Puna and Zacarias Sibi, respec-
tively; while Jose Bernardo Antonio and Lourenco Vasconcelos assumed the posts
of provincial director of Egromista and administrator of the Central Hospital
of Cabinda, respectively. [Text] [Luanda JORMAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Jul
84 p 1] 2909

PORTUGUESE FIRM AIDS CIMANGOLA--Cachapuz, a Portuguese firm producing scales,
will soon start rendering assistance to the scales and weighing machines at
Cimangola (cement factory) and at National Iron and Steel, as ANGOP learned
from an official source. For this purpose, on 15 July a Portuguese technician
specializing inwork of this kind will be arriving, and later two more will be
coming to train Angolan personnel for a year. The company has been represented
officially in Angola for nearly 2 years (it has a main headquarters in Huambo,
and another in Luanda); and it has already installed a weighing unit at the
Induve oil and soap factory in Luanda. It also has projects under way in the
port of Luanda and at other enterprises. In view of the large number of
requests, because there are several damaged scale units associated with rail-
way cars and industries, the agency, which has only one technician, has been



MOZAMBIQUE

INCENTIVES PLANNED FOR GREEN ZONE PRODUCTION IN MAPUTO
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 16 Jun 84 p 1

{Text] The Maputo Executive Council should study the matter

of the prices paid to producers in the green zones, with a view
to increasing the current prices of some products. The recom-
mendation was made yesterday at the end of a meeting promoted
by the Committee of the City to examine the problems affecting
production in this sector. The meeting was led by Maj Gen Jorge
Rebelo, first secretary of the party in the capital and member of
Political Bureau, and was attended by more than 100 producers
in_the cooperative, family and private sectors, as well as Jorge
Temba, director of the Office of Green Zones, and the directors
of Agrarian agencies in the various urban districts.

The decision to recommend increases in the prices paid to the producers for
certain products came of the conclusion that the prices now in effect do not
cover production costs. The increases should be applied to several vegetables
and also to pork.

In the speeches of various participants, particularly those from the cooperative
sector, it was stressed that the prices in effect today do not provide an incen-
tive for production. At the same time, there are middlemen who, without any
great effort on their part, make an exaggerated profit from marketing the products
of the green zones, reselling them at speculative prices in the city markets

and other locations.

To combat this situation, it was decided at this same meeting to create more
favorable conditions for the producers to market their products directly.

Speaking at the end of the meeting, Jorge Rebelo said it should be clear to every-
one that any producer in the green zones is completely free to sell his produce
to anyone he wishes. To facilitate direct sales by the producers in the markets,
they will no longer be required to present the “health card," a measure which

ha already been determined at a previous meeting with the approval of the City
Health Directorate but which had not been implemented in some markets.

The Office of Green Zones is also intensifying its support to the producers, parti-
cularly with regard to providing production means, as a way of conributing to

the improved provisioning of the city.

19



289195

4

JPRS-SSA-84-085

6 August 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19990810 086

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

“INFORMATION SERVICE
-—— DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A

; : NATIONAL TECHNICAL Approved for Public Release

INFO! istributi imi
RMATION SERVICE | Distribution Unlimited

US. DEPARTMENT OF
a SPRINGFIELD, Wa gate a
AGS



UDF OPPOSES ELECTIONS--IN its nationwide campaign against the August 22 elec-
tions, the United Democratic Front (UDF) is buying newspaper advertisement
space to encourage coloured and Indian voters to boycott the elections. In

a full-page advert in The SOWETAN's sister newspaper, Sunday Tribune,the UDF
says the coloureds and Indians who will be in Parliament will not be able to
stop the Government's destruction of lives and homes of African people. It
says millions of African families are being robbed of their peace, friendship
and way of life. "A bleak and uncertain future awaits each one of them, in a
barren reserve far away--no jobs, no money, no housing, no food. This Govern-
ment is moving them against their wishes. "After August our people will also
become responsible for this. This is because a few in our community wish to
join the Government. The advert also urges coloureds and Indians not to allow
themselves to be used against the African people. [Text] [By Sam Mabe]
{Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Jul 84 p 7]

TWALA ON PAC CHARGES-~A SOWETO man charged with alleged participation in the
activities of the banned Pan Africanist Congress will appear tn the Johannes-
burg Regional Court tomorrow. Mr Nkonyana Twala, of White City Jabavu, will
be given a date on which his trial will be held. He is represented by Mr
Sello Monyatsi. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Jul 84 p 15]

cso: 3400/2045

42



ANGOLA

NAMIBIA

BOTSWANA:

BEEF AND MINERALS

‘SOUTH AFRICA

EXISTING TAR ROADS
EXISTING SECONDARY ROADS:
PROPOSED TAR ROADS

has invariably in-
volved either essential
or

At independence there
were only a few kilometres of
tarred road. Now Botswana’s
most important trading
route, Lobatse-Gaborone-
Poi ¢

‘Kasane, is
tarred. Other roads are
planned,

cso: 3400/2041

commissioned
Government offi just

2
r
is
z

wana’s tourist attractions
and provide an export port
for Fe beet which is air-
freighted to the European
Economic Community, the
Far East and Hong

Apart from diamonds —
which accounted for two-
thirds of export earnings last

After years of operatin
losses because of depressed
world prices, Botrest is now
said to be making a working
profit.

Coal deposit

The estimated 300-million
ton Kgase coal deposit near

Serowe will probably not be

mined soon because of weak
world prices. Shell Coal is
completing a feasibility

des

one's biggest uatapped
world’s biggest untap)
source of soda ash, the Kis-
karikari Pan, is set for ex-
ploitation. The operating
company, Soda Ash Bo-
tswana, is run by BP out of
London i has. ordered a pilot
plant for use at
site in Sua Pan. une

mated $1 000-million. The
Botswana Government will

Swakopmund

The Botswana Govern-
ment has accepted in princi-
ple a line running from Ser-
owe to Momuna. A connec-
tton to an existing railway
line stretching to Swakop-

to 10 ion tons of
coal a year would be needed.



UNDERGROUND RESOURCES DESCRIBED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Jun 84 p 13

[Article by Barry Sergeant]

in the subcontinent —“ay
Hom SA able to pay for its
food imports.

Three mines

ve
stockpiles, the Botswana

Problems

Poverty and job-creation
remain a3 Botrwina's ress-
ee
from its
wren Usted as ons of Alsicas
nations at
18 years ago and now

bas economic that
‘would do many’ a nation

Emmanuel Ablo, chief re-
search officer at the Bank of
says the prime

in Africa”. Botswana's
foreign debt-service ratio is
below 10%, and the nation is
rated one of Africa’s three
best credit risks.

i
i

Expatriates, who hold

the senior posts in

the public service, have
closely with the

ly wit
inde

Incentives

Much of the Government's
investment efforts in the past

as
ive schemes in
neighbouring Bophutha-
tswana.

‘There are more incentives
for the foreign in-
iat ae ree 3
Sa mur
change systems in Africa.

‘The cherry for investors is
a company tax rate of 35%,
Hard currency earned

rd. sales -
mond sales enables Bo-

BOTSWANA

foreign aid, mainly in
loans. The P270-million

Peter station near Palapye's
- Morupule colliery, where
Anglo American mines
400 000 tons

a year,
was funded mainly with
World Bank money.

Water resources will

this week with the opening ing of
a pipeline r a
ee ae
near Ramotswa, part of the

Swamps

A project to upgrade the
Gaborone dam, witeh could
eventually cost P70-million,
would ease water problems.
A one-year ban on building in
Gaborone because of water
shortages has now been lifted
for major developments.

Studies on how to exploit
the 18 sookm* Okavango
‘swamp water continue. Its



TANZANIA

DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT INDUSTRIES PLANNED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 11 Jul 84 p 1
[Article by Mjumbwa Ally]

{Text] THE Ministry of Industries and Trade plans to raise capacity utiliza-
tion of light industries producing basic consumer goods to at least 50 per
cent in 1984/85, the National Assembly was told in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

The Minister for Industries and Trade, Nudug Basil Mramba, told the House that
at the monent, most light industries utilized between 30 and 40 per cent of
their installed production capacity.

Heavy industries, including steel mills, engineering industries, chemical and
pharmaceutical plants, utilized 35 per cent of their capacity on average, he
said.

Ndugu Mramba attributed the decline in production to shortage of raw mater-
dials and spare parts.

Presenting his Ministry's 1984/85 estimates, the Minister said production of
textiles, cigarettes, paper, beer, leather, cement, farm implements, tyres,
match boxes, shoes, bottles and corrugated iron sheets would be raised by at
least 10 per cent during the year.

Further improvement would be made in printing works, production of packaging
paper and export products, he said.

Ndugu Mramba said utilization of locally obtained raw materials would be em-
phasised. Factory machinery would be stabilized through systematic preventive
maintenance and innovative realignments.

He said exporters would be motivated to sell more to boost foreign exchange
earnings, which were essential for the rehabilitation of the industrial
sector.

He told the House that his Ministry was reviewing the structure of industrial

holding companies vis a vis that of their subsidiaries with a view to stream
lining the former to reduce operational costs.

55



EMERGENCY WATER PROJECT DESCRIBED

wt
id
High
| Pele

there might not be
enough water in the Vaal

system to supply the/
Reef without severe ra-:

CSO: 3400/2042

‘grount
until 140 or 150 m.
“We don't know how
long that will take be-

Real expense

It will probably take up
to 250 boreholes to bring
enough water to the sur-
face to provide about
10percent of the Pre-

teria Witwatersrand,
ereeniging (PWV)
area’s needs.

Drilling costs may be
kept to about R4 ion,
but the real expense will

| come when the water has
: to be channelled to the

nearest distribution sys-
tem through a network of
expensive pipelines.
Testing by the Direc-
torate of Water Affairs to

for underground water
has been completed, and
it is now its responsibility
to bring the water to the

expen-
sive part of the develop-
ment.

“It's difficult to say
how many boreholes we

38

SOUTH AFRICA

will need. On average -
you may, sink five bore-

and only one could
be a production unit.”

. Contractors

Heavy drilling equip-
ment has been Sronded
by contractors from
SWA/Namibia.

The directorate says
the equipment had to
brought in, because drills
used by local borehole

the huge amounts of
water that had to be
pumped.

The underground
water, which will also be
taken from the Erasmia-
Rietvlei areas, could pro-
vide up to 350 megalitres
aday.

It will be purified be-
fore reaching the PWV’s
water mains.


cso:

3400/2045

over a quarter of total imports

whilst machinery and transport ,

equipment, and manufactured
goods each accounted for 23
per cent; food imports con-
tributed 16 percent of the total.

Bahrain (petroleum) ac-
counted for. just over 16 per
cent of the imports followed by
the UK (food, chemicals,
machinery and manufactures)
with 16 per cent of the market
and the France (food, machin-
ery and manufacturers) with 10
percent.

The total value of domestic
exports during the first quarter
of 1984 was R4.3 million, rep-
resenting an increase of 154 per
cent over the same period in
1983. A total of 493 tonnes of
copra valued at R2.2 million
was exported; none was ex-
ported during the same period
of 1983. The 96 tonnes of fresh
and frozen fish exported
eamed R1.4 million compared
to 90 tonnes valued at R1.2 mil-
lion in the first three months of
last year. Also, 67 tonnes of

cinnamon bark were exported
for R271,000 compared to only
10 tonnes valued at R37,000 in
the same period of 1983.

Pakistan bought all the copra
and some of the cinnamon,
Reunion took over half the fish
and France nearly a quarter.
and the UK took over two-
thirds of the cinnamon.

Re-exports from January to
March this year were valued at
R29.6 million, a decrease of 26
per cent below the figures for
the same quarter in 1983. The
reason for this decline was a
reduction of R18.5 million in
sales of gas oil to ships below an
exceptionally high figure of
33.7 million in the first quar-
ter of 1983. The figure in 1983
was boosted by sales to foreign
fishing vessels. Also, in 1984 in-
ternational prices are lower
which has reduced the value
figure.

26



TANZANIA

DIVERSIFICATION OF ZANZIBAR ECONOMY NOTED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jul 84 p 4
{Article by Salim S. Salim]

[Text] FOR more than a decade Zanzibar has strived to diversify its mono-
crop economy. This follows a sad trend which clearly showed that the isles
of Zanzibar and Pamba could no longer bank all their hopes for survival and
development on cloves.

The price of cloves in the. world market has dropped considerably, thus badly
affecting the Isles’ income. Cloves are Zanzibar's major foreign exchange
earner.

In its drive to diversify the economy, Zanzibar's only alternative was on
agriculture. Two products, rubber and cardamom, were introduced.

But following some complaints that the introduction of the two crops was
detrimental to the Isles' economy, considering the size of the land avail-
able for agriculture and the results of growing cardamom parallel to clove
trees, the Zamzibar Government is making a through appraisal of the project.

Presenting estimates of his ministry to the receng budget session of the Zan-
zibar House of Representatives, the Minister for Agriculture, Ndugu Hassan
Nassqr Moyo, regretted that a thorough study was not undertaken before intro-
ducing the two crops.

However, he promised the House that the government, under the Third Phase
of the Revolution, wanted to get rid of the practice of "trial and error".

He said experts of the ministry were now conducting a detailed study on the
rubber plantations and on cardamom to determine whether the benefits out-
weighed the disadvantages.

While a decision on the future of the two crops has yet to be made, depend-

ing on the findings of the experts, an ambitious rice irrigation programme
is in full swing.

43



TRADE DEFICIT DECREASE REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 13 Jul 84 pl

[Text]

SEYCHELLES’ trade
deficit fell by over a quar-
ter in the first three
months of 1984 as the
value of imports dropped
by about the same amount
and exports more than
doubled.

According to the latest exter-
nal trade figures published by
the Government's Statistics Di-
vision, the total value of im-
ports during the first quarter of
1984 was R145.6, million, a de-
‘crease of 25 per cent of R59.1
million compared to the same
quarter of 1983. Domestic ex-
ports earned R4.3 million, a
154 per cent increase compared
to the same period last year,
while the value of re-exports
was R29.6 million, a decrease
of 26 per cent over the first
quarter of 1983. The net effect
was a trade deficit of R111.7
million, a decrease of 27 per
cent or over R41 million com-
pared to last year and the low-
est since the R93 million deficit
of 1981.

The imports figure is also the
lowest for any first quarter
since 1981 when the value
stood at R130.4 million. How-

ever, in 1980 the value of im-
ports in the first three months
stood at R170 million.

Imports of machinery and
transport equipment fell by a
half, mineral fuels dropped by
a quarter, reflecting a reduc-
tion in the re-exports of gas oil
to ships, and manufactured
goods decreased by 19 per cent
despite a gift of cement valued
at R5.9 million.

However, chemical imports
rose by 30.5 per cent and food
and live animals increased by
28.7 per cent, partly due to
shipments of rice and sugar
which arrived during the first
quarter.

Imports of live animals fell
from R503,000 to R32,000, of
manufactured fertilizers from
209,000 to R2,000, of furni-
ture from R1.7 million to
572,000, and, most striking of
all, of clothing from R6 million
to R1.9 million.

Between January and March
1984, mineral fuels comprised

25

SEYCHELLES



Ndugu Machunda was briefing Mwalimu on the coffee position in the country. He
attributed the fall to coffee diseases, poor husbandry and reduction of farming
areas in the northern zone,

He said with the aid of the European Economic Community (EEC) CAT had embarked
on a coffee improvement programme to ensure increased production.

Ndugu Machunda said under the first phase of the coffee development programme
which started in the 1982/83 season, expansion of farms had also been undertaken
and next season some 10 million seedlings would be distributed to farmers.
Earlier, Mwalimu stopped at Hai on his way to Moshi where he unvailed a plaque

at Hai District headquarters building and laid a foundation stone for the CCM
District Office. The building is estimated to cost 13.5m/-.

CSO: 3400/2046

62



According to statements made by the agricultural representative, a vast
program is under way to renovate the trees, with the resultant pruning, .
for the purpose of improving the output in the olive harvests.

As for the machines used for the separation and selection of olives, only one ‘
is in full operation, with installation planned by the sector for the same

purpose, and to resolve the issue inherent in that processing sector during

the final phase of production.

While the installation of a small manufacturing unit for the essential purpose
of canning olives is awaited, a large portion of their marketing is being
done in bulk, lacking any guarantees of preservation, because the entire
production volume does not conform to the parameters for canning done by the
canning factory in Huila, Proteika; something which has made the product
overly expensive for consumers, as Pereira Camaninga claimed.

From the standpoint of production, the amount of olives harvested in various
seasons fluctuates between 40 and 100 tons, levels that are low in comparison
with previous years. For this reason, the attainment of higher indexes has
been established as a goal. To accomplish this, there are plans to rehabili-
tate the abandoned land over the medium term, and, in particular, to give

the agricultural area total electrification, aiming essentially at the replace-
ment of pumps and engines with electric pumps.

An area of 50 hectares will benefit from nine olive plantations consisting of
trees currently in nurseries. It is also planned to organize former techni-
cians from the sector who are familiar with the aforementioned crops; as
well as to construct the factory for canning and making use of the olives
that are in an advanced state of ripeness, to increase the oil production.

In the area of garden produce, the Namibe farming region has a high degree

of potential for the production of tomatoes, onions, kale, melons and cabbage,
in addition to others; inasmuch as the annual production amounts to 300 tons,
causing considerable surpluses, particularly of tomatoes, which as a rule are
sent to the tomato concentrate factory in Huila for processing.

The ‘development of fruit growing is still far removed from meeting the needs
of the province's population, despite the fact that citrus fruit production

during the first quarter of this year totaled 120 tons of oranges harvested

at the Tampa, Maconje and Bungo units. The planting of bananas on about

50 hectares is also being planned at the production centers in the municipa-
lity of Namibe and in the Tampa area.

Extensive prospects are also opening up with regard to dairy cattle, because
of the fact that Namibe Province is not benefiting from this precious food
with great nutritional value; with plans to bring in 50 animals that have
already been selected, for which the Saco-Mar group will be responsible.

2909
CSO: 3442/431



FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOR EXPORTERS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English

[Text]

cso:

3400/2041

MOZAMBIQUE has announced a
new policy of allowing private and
Parastatal exporters to retain 9
portion of their foreign exchange
earnings. Until now, exporters
Rave had to: change their hard
currency into meticals at the artifi.
cally low, official exchange rate.
The Ministry of External Trade
and the Bank of Mozambique will
oversee the implementation of the
mew. policy which is expected to
take effect this week.

According to the plan, private
companies will be allowed to retain
between 5% and 25% of their ex-
port earnings in a hard currency
‘account at the Bank of Mozambi-
que. Parastatals will also be allo-
wed to keep a so-far-unspecified
amount of their foreign exchange
earnings.

‘The rationale behind the system
is that companies that produce
more foreign exchange than they
consume will now have their own
source of hard currency with which
to buy raw materials, machinery,
and spare parts. In the past, firms
have been dependent on foreign
allocations made by the Bank of
Mozambique and even successful

15 Jun 84 p 3

exporters have had to close or
reduce their operations because of
shortages of convertible currency.

The plan should also make it
easier for firms to obtain credit to
finance capital improvement or
expansion projects, since they will
mow have access to their own
source of foreign currency with
which to pay off the debts. In
addition, individuals will now have
an obvious incentive to produce
or increase exports since managers
will be allowed to retain a portion
of their firms foreign exchange
earnings for their personal use, if
they are particularly successful in
expanding exports.

‘The new system is experimental,
and will be introduced only gra-
dually. It also appears that, ini-
tially at least, the portion of hard
currency earnings allotted to
exporters will in most cases not be
much above 5%. Nevertheless, the
foreign exchan;
is a significant initiative. Even if
only partially and imperfectly
implemented, it should result in a
significant increase in export
earnings and a considerable reduc-
tion in centralised government
control of businesses.

16

MOZAMBIQUE



TANZANIA

INDUSTRIAL EXPORT INCREASE REPORTED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 11 Jul 84 p 3

[Text] INDUSTRIAL exports increased by five million shillings last year com-
pared to 1982, during which goods worth 3,767m/- were exported, the House was
told in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

The Minister for Industries and Trade, Ndugu Basil Mramba, said imports
dropped by 9.8 per cent from 11.2bn/- in 1982 to 9.2bn/- last year.

Ndugu Mramba, who was presenting his ministry's 1984/85 estimates, told the
House that -the net income of the industrial sector declined by about 100m/-
last year compared to 1982 earnings.

He said the sector's contribution to the Gross National Product (GNP) dropped
from 10 per cent in 1982 to 9.2 per cent last year.

The Minister attributed the poor performance to reduced industrial production
caused by shortages of raw materials and spare parts.

He explained, however, that some industries were allocated substantial amounts
of foreign exchange to improve production. The industries whose performance
last year was better compared to 1982 included Aluminium Africa Steelcast Mill,
General Tyre (East Africa) Limited, Tanga Fertilizer Company, Aluminium Africa
Corrugated Iron Sheets Mill and Ubungo Farm Implements (UFI).

Industries whose production went down include Tanga Steel Rolling Mills, soap
factories and cement. The Tanga and Dar es Salaam cement factories exported
cement worth 31.2 m/~ last year despite the decline in production, he said.

Ndugu Mramba said the farm implements factories in Dar es Salaam and Mbeya
would be strengthened to attain maximum capacity utilization.

He told the House that only 2.8 million hand hoes were produced by the two
factories last year compared to the national demand of 4.7 million hoes.

He said the national demand for oxen-drawn ploughs last year was 126,000 but

actual production was 32,762. The Minister said 3.7 hoes would be needed this
year, adding that 272m/- were required to finance farm implements production.

53



Ndugu Deengw called for improved transport and communications facilities for
the Stock Theft evention Unit (STPU) to make it effective.

Ndugu Deengw also urged thé ministry to punish unscrupulous elements in the
police force to preserve the reputation of the force. "District and Regional
police commanders should be transfered frequently to reduce possibilities of
indulgence in corruption, he said",

Ndugu Sukwa Said Sukwa (House of Representative, Zanzibar) asked the ministry
to fight bhang smoking which he said was increasingly becoming a problem,
especially among the Isles youths.

The MP for Iringa Rural, Brigadier J. E. Luhanga, said the proposed bill to
restructure the fire brigade should empower the brigade to inspect designs for
public buildings, factories and other structures to ensure they included fire
protection facilities.

He also urged the ministry to provide adequate training to fire men to improve
their skills.

The debate on the 1984/85 estimates for the Ministry of Home Affairs continues
this morning. .

CSO: 3400/2046

60



CSO:

3400/2045

the facade structured as a show-
piece to get a hostile world out of
our collectivehair, —

The sophistry in trying to jus-

tify such a Byzantine system of:

government in a multiracial state,
is breath-taking. The truth is,'
the only people we are fooling,
are ourselves.

We are entering an era of vio-
lence that sadly affects civilians,
and this should spur our leaders’
to come together; come together
and thrash out the system of gov-
ernment that this country de-
serves.

33



DISSIDENT CAPTURE RATE RISES IN MATABELELAND

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 84 p 10

[Text] VICTORIA FALLS. — The Zimbabwean government
has sharpened security force operations in Matabele-
land and this has increased the kill and capture rate of
dissidents according to the Minister of State (Defence),
Mr Ernest Kadungure.

Answering questions about the security situation at
the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries Congress
being held in Victoria Falls, Mr Kadungure said since
the government’s concerted effoit to “break the hold
that dissidents had in Matabeleland” last year, some
achievements had been made and “the number of re-

7 e corded incidents shows a marked decline and commen-
surately the kill and capture rate has risen.”

i 1cved by upgrading the size of the task
force, ‘concentration on the co-operation between all
units of the security forces, which included the police,
and .a “sharpening of the individual skills of the sol-
diers.

“A curfew, which is still partially in force, has pre-
vented the more-or-less free movement of dissidents
and the resupply by their sympathisers is much less
effective.”

Cancer :

The stumbling block to “complete elimination” of
the dissident cancer was South Africa, which Provided
resupply and external training. harbouring large num-

. bers of dissidents inside its own territory.

. Had this factor not been introduced, the dissident
campaign would have “by now withered away” from
lack of weapons and ammunition, food equipment and
guidance, and the security forces would have destroyed
dissidents completely.

Mr Kandungure added that South Africa was thus
prolonging the agony of local people as part of its over-
all strategy for the destabilisation of Zimbabwe, but
eventually, “because of our concentration against the
dissidents, the campaign will be completely halted and
the individuals concerned brought to book.

“For the time being the aim is to keep the level of
activity against the dissidents at a high pitch and, corre-
spondingly, to keep the dissidents at the level where
they constitute nuisance value only,” he said. —

CSO: 3400/2041

73

ZIMBABWE



ATTACKS ON PROF BOSHOFF 'CONDEMNED'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Jul 84 p 8

[Article by Jaap Theron and Fred De Lange]

[Text]

THE Head Committee
of the Voortrekker
movement has unani-
mously backed their
leader, Professor Carel
Boshoff, and at the
same time unanimious-
ly condemned attacks
on his leadership by
certain politicians and
other “outsiders”.

After a three-day
meeting, at which Prof
Boshoff’s, involvement in
the Afrikanervolkswag
(AV), was deliberated,
the Head Committee war-
ned outsiders not to break
down an organisation and
its leaders who were
“dearly-treasured” by the
organisation.

The Head Committee
emphatically stated it was
not bound by the private
views of its leader with re-

CSO: 3400/2042

gard to other organisa-
tions outside the Voor-
trekkers, His integrity
must be regarded as such
that he would not use his
position in the Voortrek-
kers to —_ manipulate
others.

No politics

The voortrekkers was a
purely cultural organisa-
tion from which party
politics were excluded.

“The movement does
not interfere in other or-
ganisations and will there-
fore also not allow other
organisations to interfere
in their activities.”

The Head Committee
said it had evaluated
views of the four provin-
cial and South West Afri-
can regional movements
with regard to the contro-
vercy around Prof Bo-
shoff.

“We unanimously ex-
Press our trust in the in-
tegrity of Prof Boshoff
and all other Voortrekker
officers. The Head Com-
mittee accepts that Voor-
trekker leaders are also
leaders in other fields, as
in the church, schools,

‘Tllgoon’

Prof’ Boshoff plans to
continue his work among
Afrikaaner youth after his
leadership had been re-af-
firmed.

He told The Citizen
yesterday that no objec-
tions had been voiced
against his continued
leadership, despite pre-
dictions in certain sec-
tions of the Afrikaans
Press that there was dis-

34

SOUTH AFRICA

satisfaction with his politi-
cal affiliations.

Reports of dissatisfac-
tion with Prof Boshoff
started shortly after he
had resigned as leader of
the once mighty Broeder-
bond.

‘This intensified when
he formed his own cul-
tural movement, the Afri-
kaanervolkswag, to
counter the Broederbond
earlier this year.

Prof Boshoff.has said
in the past that certain
newspapers made a “lot
of noise” about socalled
dangers to his continued
leadership, without it
having any substance.

Prof Boshoff would not
comment on the chance
that he might be relieved
of his position at the gen-
eral congress of the move-
ment to be held next year.
He did not expect any


TANZANIA

PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION TO PROBE PARASTATALS
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 11 Jul 84 p 3

[Text] THE Presidential Commission to probe into the conduct and activities
of parastatal organizations was announced yesterday by the Zanzibar Revolution-
ary Government.

The nine-man commission which draws members from the Revolutionary Council,
the House of Representatives, the party's National Executive Committee (NEC)
and Members of Parliament, has been given four months to conclude its work.

Announcing the decision to form the commission, the Zanzibar Chief Minister,
Ndugu Seif Shariff Hamad said the Commission would be assisted by an 1l-man
committee of experts. The team would interview workers of the parastatals.

The Chief Minister said the probe team would present its report to the Chair-
man of the Revolutionary Council and President of Zanzibar by November 15 this
year.

Ndugu Hamad directed all government ministers and heads of parastatal organiza-
tions to assist both the Commission and the committee.

The commission would look into the incomes and expenditures of the parastatals,
and whether it was necessary for government to continue owning such organiza-
tions,

It would also review the performance of the organizatons, system of operations,
tasks entrusted to them and whether they had met the required goals.

The commission would also report on external [word indistinct] owned by the
Isles parastatal organizations.

The Chief Minister said that some of the organizations operated external ac-
counts without the knowledge of the government.

Members of the Commission are, Ndugu Khatib Hassan Khatib (Chairman) Ndugu
Alsonec (Member of the Revolutionary Council), Ndugu Abdalla Said Haji (mem-
ber of the Zanzibar House of Representatives), Ndugu Simai Pandu Makame
(Member of Parliament) and Ndugu Zainab Omar (Member of the House of Represen-
tatives).

49



the DPA declares that, just like our people, the animals have been wandering
from field to field in search of pasturage and hence they are not concentrated,
which would be desirable. [Hence it has been] impossible to take a census
(inventory) this year of -the existing herds.

During the next 6 months, efforts should be concentrated not only on recovering
the installations for watering and treatment of the herd, which were damaged
by [hurricane] "Demoine," but also on finding ways to curb the theft and indis-
eriminate slaughter. Concurrently, fences should be built, where possible,

to prevent the cattle from wandering, which facilitates theft.

6362
CSO: 3442/420

22



The Minister told the House that the defence forces had extended militia train-
ing to the villages. Tanzanian military advisers were seconded to friendly
countries such as the Séychelles, Mozambique, Uganda and Zimbabwe to assist
those countries in restructuring their defence forces, he said.

Brigadier Kimario said his ministry would strengthen TPDF and National Ser-
vice production units and building birgades in 1984/85. The long-term strategy
was to make the forces self-sufficient in food and attain capacity to carry
out all construction projects undertaken by the forces.

He said under the programme, the National Service would ultimately be the sole
supplier of food and some industrial products to the TPDF.

He said beginning July 1, this year, all TPDF vegetable requirements would be
obtained from National Service camps in areas where both TPDF and National Ser-
vice units were located.

The Minister said such arrangement was already in practice on Dodoma region
and had reduced procurement costs by 50 per cent.

He told the House that TPDF camps would also undertake food production projects
to augment the contribution by the National Service. The defence forces had .
projected to cultivate 500 hectares of food crops last season but the target
could not be reached because of bad weather and shortage of inputs.

TPDF camps would cultivate a total of over 690 hectares next season. The
Minister said the defence forces intended to open a new ranch in Musoma in
1984/85, bringing to three the number of ranches run by the forces.

The other two ranches are in Dar es Salaam and Tabora. Brigadier Kimario said
National Service camps cultivated 2,100 hedtares of food crops worth 5.4m/-
in 1983/84.

They also produced industrial goods, including canned fruit, wines and
furniture worth 547,012/-, he said. The National Service Corporation Sole
agricultural products fetched 8.7m/- during the year.

The Minister told the House that the corporation had nine small industries
producing soap, shoes, steel and tin products, furniture and gravel, which sold
goods worth 7m/- in 1983/84.

The corporation would expand acreage from 3,272 to 5,323 next season, he said.
It was also keeping 13,269 various domestic animals, which would be in creased
to 25,346 in 1984/85.

He asked the House to approve 570.2m/- for the ministry.

CSO: 3400/2046

52



TANZANIA

INCREASED COFFEE EARNINGS PROJECTED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jul 84 p 1
[Article by Balinagwe Mwambungu]

[Text] TANZANIA will this season export 44,787 tonnes of coffee worth
1,701,906,000/- compared to 42,448 tonnes worth 1,613,024,700/- earlier al0
located by the International Coffee Organisation (ICO).

This follows ICO's revision of quotas to coffee producing countries last
month following a poor crop in Latin America.

The Coffee Authority of Tanzania (CAT) Chairman, Ndugu W. Kapinga, told the
Party Chairman, Mwalimu Nyerere, at the openin- ceremony of the Authority's
headquarters here yesterday.

He said already 32,473 tonnes valued at 1,233,981,600/- had been exported
by the end of June. Another 12,961 tonnes worth 492,138,000/— would be ex-
ported by end of September this year.

He assured Mwalimu that Tanzania would definitely meet its quota as revised by
the ICO.

Funds for the 30m/- building which Mwalimu inaugurated yesterday were accumu-
lated since 1962 from profits raised by CAT's export division which buys coffee
from auctions and they resell it.

Ndugu Kapinga said CAT under the new crop authorities structure had already
started handing over its buying activities to Co-operative Unions.

The authority had already handed over responsibilities to the Kilimanjaro
Natives Co-operative Union (1984) Limited (KNCU) and Kagera Regional Co-oper-
ative Union.

The Minister for Agriculture and Livestock Development, Professor John Machunda,
told Mwalimu that coffee production had declined from 67,695 tonnes in 1980/81
to 53,825 tonnes in 1982/83.

This season, some 50,336 tonnes were expected to be produced.

61



Renovation of the Nacala-Entre-Lagos Line
(NOTICIAS, 19 Jun 84) ....6.

Foreign Exchange for Exporters
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 15 Jun 84) ..scececesecesccececes

Scandinavian Countries To Finance Agricultural Project
(NOTICIAS, 16 Jun 84) ..ccccccccccccccccccssscscscesscece

Incentives Planned for Green Zone Production in Maputo
(NOTICIAS, 16 Jun 84) .ecccccsscccceececcecccccnceeeeeees

Livestock Production Drops in Maputo Province
(NOTICIAS, 16 Jun 84) ..secccsccccceccecssevevesssseeeees

NAMIBIA

Caprivi Commissioner Appointed
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 2 Jul 84) .....cccceseseeseeees

Briefs
Nujoma Thanks Cuba
High School Cadet Camp
Price Rise

SEYCHELLES

Trade Deficit Decrease Reported
(NATION, 13 Jul 84) ..

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC To Increase Women's Participation in Struggle

(SUNDAY NEWS, 8 Jul 84) .icccccsccsecccenscececssseeeees
Discrimination Against Black Students Still Exists

(SOWETAN, 16 Jul 84) .

Dissolution of Westminster-Style Parliament Noted
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 16 Jul 84) ...

Attacks on Prof Boshoff 'Condemned'
(Jaap Theron, Fred De Lange; THE CITIZEN, 16 Jul 84) ....

End of 'All-White' Rule Noted
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 16 Jul 84) ..ccccccccccssccceces

Manpower Official Warns of Unemployment Problem
(THE STAR, 5 Jul 84) ..

14

16

17

19

21

23

24
24
24

25

27

30

32

34

35

37


feel our members were dismissed without our knowledge and without representa-
tion." The management has refused to discuss the question of dismissed workers
with the union on grounds that they went on an “illegal strike". They were
demanding a pay increase and the recognition of the BAHCWU. | The management
does not have any recognition agreement with the union and "we may discuss that
as soon as they have proof of their membership. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN
in English 13 Jul 84 p 3]

SECURITY PERSONNEL LICENSING--CAPE TOWN--The licensing of security personnel
would be welcomed by the Security Association of South Africa, says Mr Frank
Sims, public relations officer for Sasa. He was commenting on reports that
some security firms lacked access to police records to check staff. The issue
arose after a Somerset West traffic policeman was jailed recently for driving
under the influence of alcohol. He had convictions for theft and housebreaking.
A local newspaper established that some security firms have unofficial access
to police records held by the SA Criminal Bureau. The police say the matter

is not for publication. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul 84

P 4M]

REGISTRATION OF PARTIES--THE Department of Internal Affairs has accepted five
applications for registration from Coloured political parties for the first
general election for the House of Representatives. SABC Radio news reports
the fifth application approved yesterday was from the Reformed Freedom Party
of Mr Charles Julies after problems with the party's name had been ironed out.
The other parties which have registered are: the Labour Party, the Freedom
Party, the People's Congress Party and the New Convention People's Party. The
deadline for applications to be lodged with the chief electoral officer, Mr
Gerrie van Zyl, was 3.45 pm yesterday. Nomination courts for Coloured candi-
dates for the House of Representatives will sit between 10 and 11 am next Mon-
day. The election takes place on August 22. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 17 Jul 84 p 12]

VENDA 'FIX' ALLEGED--THE VENDA Independence Party, which lost elections in
Venda recently, intends taking legal action against the Venda government for
allegedly "rigging" the elections. This was announced yesterday by the party's
leader, Mr Gilbert Bakane, while addressing about 100 supporters at Mangwele
Primary School in Diepkloff, Soweto. He said he was going to fight to the bitter
end and warned that "if it needs to be corrected by bloodshed, I will be willing
to engage in bloodshed," amid shouts of jubilation from the supporters. Mr
Bakane, whose party made history when they beat the Patrick Mphephu-led Venda
National Party in the 70s, said the secret ballot papers were tampered with
during the elections. It appeared, he said, that some ballots had been opened
and the voting papers destroyed. Two such papers turned up mysteriously just
before the results were announced. They were brought to him by people who said
they picked them up in the street. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English

16 Jul 84 p 3]

41



WHITE MINE UNION SHOULD UNITE WITH BLACKS, SURVEYS FINDS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 84 p 1

[Text]

cso:

CAPE TOWN. — White miners face the
choice of uniting with Black minework-
ers or of “going down with all flags fly-
ing,” according to an analysis of South
African Trade Union published at the
University of Cape Town.

The analysis, by Mr Gordon Young of
the Southern African Labour and Devel-
opment research unit, forms the preface
of a new and comprehensive directory of
‘wade unions, published by Saldru.

The directory has been compiled by
Mr Young, Mr Paul Lundall and Mr I
‘Schroeder, also of Saldru.

The formation of the powerful new
Black National Union of Mineworkers,
now with about 36 000 members, strong-
ly challenged the “white exclusivism” of
Mr Arrie Paulus’s Mynwerkers’ Unie.

“It remains to be seen how long it will
be before the Mynwerkers’ Unie comes
to the conclusion that their standard of
living can no longer be protected on the
basis of White privileges but by workers’

3400/2042

It was in the interests of all workers
that an alliance was forged between the
Nation Union of Mineworkers and the
Mynwerkers’ Unie, Mr Young said.

Statistics in the directory show that
the number of unionised workers has
doubled since -1970 and that African
workers are now, at 43,4 percent, the
largest single group of union members.

The 420-page directory lists 194 regis-
tered unions and 46 unregistered unions
as well as 18 union federations.

The most “exciting development” on
the labour front was the creation of the
new federation of independent Black
unions, representing about 300 000
workers which would be a “powerful ri-
val” to the Trade Union Council of SA,
‘up to now the largest union federation.

‘The new federation, when formed,
would have substantial representation
and bargaining muscle in key sectors of
the economy, Mr Young said. -

39

SOUTH AFRICA



“poluted political atmosphere" had. been cleared. Earlier, Ndugu Hamad laid
foundation stones for the Mwanga District Police Station and the medical
clinic for Kifaru Village. The Chief Minister was in Mwanga District for two
days as part of the Peasants Day celebrations conducted nationally in Moshi,
Kilimanjaro Region. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 8 Jul
84 p 1)

AID FOR TPCC--THE Tanzania Portland Cement Company (TPCC) will receive

192m/- in spare parts and technical personnel from the Swedish International
Development Authority (SIDA) to rehabilitate its Wazo Hill factory in Dar es
Salaam and improve performance in the next five years. The Tanzania Saruji
Corporation General Manager, Ndugu Rumisha Kimambo, said in the city yester-
day after his month-long negotiation tour in Europe that the agreement to

this effect was signed in Malmo, Sweden, between TPCC and Cementa of Sweden.
According to the agreement, Ndugu Kimambo said, Cements would provide spare
Parts and a technical management team of seven people for five years at the
factory, after which local personnel would take over. TPCC would be provided
with a works manager, chief engineer, production manager, and four maintenance
engineers, he said, adding that the total cost of technical management, spare
Parts and additional equipment would be 40m/- annually. The General Manager
said training was also a major part of the rehabilitation programme and the cor-
poration would hold a meeting each year with SIDA to review the impact of the
agreement on training. Ndugu Kimambo appealed to the Government to subsidize
the export price of cement, noting that given the frequent rise of oil prices
and the low international market prices, his Corporation was failing to com
pete with other cement manufacturers in the world. [Text] [Dar es Salaam
DAILY NEWS in English 12 Jul 84 p 3]

BICYCLES IMPORTED--A TOTAL of 20,000 bicycles have been imported during the
past three weeks and more are to be bought from China, India and Austria, the
National Assembly was told yesterday. The Deputy Minister for Industries and
Trade, Ndugu Evarist Mwanansao, said the bicycles are obtained on loan basis
to be repaid through commodity exchange. The Minister was responding to Ndugu
L. A. Semindu (Bagamoyo) who wanted to know what the Government was doing to
providing peasants with bicycles since it was a vital transport tool in the
rural areas. The first batch of 10,000 bicycles from China arrived in the
country at the end of last month and were allocated to seven Mainland regions
and Zanzibar. The regions are Mwanza, Shinyanga, Kagera, Kigoma, Mara, Dar
es Salaam, and Tabora as well as Zanzibar and the CCM Headquarters. Alloca-
tions for the second consignment would be made to the remaining regions, CCM
Headquarters and the Tanzania People's Defense Forces (TPDF). Late last month,
the General Manager of the Domestic Appliances and Bicycle Company (DABCO),
Ndugu John Kapinga, said the price of the bicycles--1,797/75--would be pan-
territorial. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Jul 84 p 1]

FIGHTING BORDER BANDITRY--TANZANIA and Burundi have mutually agreed to combat
banditry along the border between the two countries. An agreement was signed
recently by the Kigoma Regional Commissioner, Ndugu Christopher Liundi, and the
Governor of Makamba State in Burundi, Ndugu Bujenyegeri Vicent, at Nyanza-

Lac township, Burundi. Ndugu Liundi was in Burundi as part of a four man Party
and Government delegation which attended the country's 22nd independence

64



Given the weakness of its national currency, the sily, Guinea would really
like to enter the franc zone in order to be able to trade freely with neigh-
boring countries, especially Ivory Coast and Senegal, instead of encouraging
smuggling, as today. That is why the Guinean delegation asked the Commission
of European Communities to help it appraise its monetary resources, but espec-
dally to evaluate exactly its deficit, which could surpass a billion and a
half dollars. Guinea, which is linked to the European community by the Lomé
convention and is part of the 64 ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific] countries,
would prefer that this economic study be carried out by EEC experts rather
than by the International Monetary Fund. But at any rate, the gap between

the official value of the national currency and its rate on the black market
is such that a devaluation of 500 percent is practically inevitable.

A country stricken by corruption and poor management, Guinea, which is
also a country full of resources and, today, of good will, is counting on
Europe, and in particular on Belgium, to help it straighten itself out.

9895
CSO: 3419/786



TANZANIA

NEW NATIONAL DEFENSE SERVICE SCHEME PLANNED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 3 Jul 84 p 1
{Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text] THE Ministry of Defence and National Service is working out a scheme
of service for members of the Tranzania People's Defence Forces (TPDF) which
will outline career development opportunities for recruits and serving soldiers.

The Minister for Defence and National Service, Brigadier Muhiddin Kimario told
the National Assembly in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the scheme would indicate
Yemuneration and promotion procedures for soldiers working in various fields.

He said, this would reduce complaints on the criteria used to award promotions
in the army and encourage ambitious soldiers to work harder.

Presenting his ministry's 1984/85 estimates, Brigadier Kimario told the House
that the ministry was consulting with relevant authorities to evolve a permanent
welfare scheme for armymen wounded or disabled at war.

He said most of the soldiers wounded during the war with Iddi Amin's troops
of aggression had been compensated. He added that the ministry was reviewing
measures taken to assist them in adapting to life.

Meanwhile, Brigadier Kimario said his ministry was making preparations to cele-
brate 20 years of the TPDF this September.

The minister however did not detail the events which will feature in the anni-
versary. He told the House that TPDF had scored many successes since its
formation in 1984,

Brigadier Kimario said the achievements included maintenance of peace and secur-
ity during the period and the punishing of Idi Amin's aggressor troops in 1978/79
to safeguard the country's sovereignty.

He further recalled that TPDF participated in rescue work on flood victims in

Rufiji, Coast region, and Kyela in Mbeya Region. A number of Party and Govern-
ment leaders have also received military training in TPDF colleges.

51 7



TANZANIA

MINERALS DISCOVERED ON NZEGA DISTRICT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 12 Jul 84 p 3
[Article by James Mwakisyala]

[Text] PRELIMINARY mineral exploration in Nzega District, Tabora Region, has
indicated there are deposits of nine minerals in the area, it was learnt yes-
terday.

The Minister of State in the Ministry of Water, Energy and Minerals, Ndugu
Pius Ng'wandu, said in the National Assembly in Dar es Salaam in response to
Ndugu D. M. Mzukila (Nzega) who wanted to know what minerals had been dis-
covered in Nzéga District.

Ndugu Ng'wandu said mineral exploration in 1956 showed banded ironstone de-
posits existed in the Mahele hills, Igusule, Mwanchina, Mamashimba, Mwamela,
Wela and Ngulu while gold was discovered in Mahene and Igusule and diamonds in
Mbogwe.

Further explorations in 1979 and 1982 discovered sulphides with deposits of
copper, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel and silver in the Wela, Mwamela and Ngulu
areas of the district.

A drilling exploration done in 1982 and 1983 in Mwamele and Wela areas showed
the presence a substantial amount of gold and sulphides.

Ndugu Ng'wandu said the Ministry was carrying out further exploration in the
district to confirm the commercial viability of these minerals.

In another question by Ndugu Mzukila on what delayed the construction of a dam
in Nzega, Ndugu Ng'wandu said the project was now proceeding well after being
held back due to problems of equipment and lack of fuel.

Responding to Ndugu T. L. Kinyonto (Sumbawanga Urban) on whether the Ministry

had plans to harness water falls on River Kalambo for generating hydro-power,

Ndugu Ng'wandu said a hydro-power study to cover the whole of western Tanzania
was underway. .

57



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

SA TRADE--PORT LOUIS--Mauritius has appointed a trade commissioner to represent
the island's interests in South Africa. He is a Johannesburg resident, Maurit-
ian-born Mr Jean Michel de Senneville. According to reports from Port Louis,
Mr de Senneville has close ties with the authorities in Pretoria and with the
South African business sector. He is expected to operate from Johannesburg in
offices provided by the South African Trade Organisation. Mauritius hopes to
improve its balance of trade with South Africa with the help of its new trade
commissioner. Last year Mauritius imported goods worth $47,4 million from
South Africa while the island's reciprocal exports totalled only R3,4 million.
(Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 84 p 3]

CSO: 3400/2042

11



JPRS-SSA-8 4-085

6 August 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

ANGOLA
Namibe Suffers Decrease in Vineyards, Olive Production
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 28 Jun 84) .sccscccccccccccccsccscvecs

Briefs
Engineering, Industrial Projects Office
Municipal Commissars in Cabinda
Portuguese Firm Aids Cimangola
Cabinda Agricultural Marketing Figures
Chicks From Zimbabwe
Uige Military Exercises

BOTSWANA

Underground Resources Described
(Barry Sergeant; SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Jun 84) ..

GABON

Briefs
Large Oil Discovery

GUINEA

European Aid, Investments Requested
(LE SOIR, 20 Jun 84) wrcccceccceccccccccceccesacseceesees

Briefs
Power Station Renovation

MAURITIUS

Briefs
SA Trade--Port Louis

MOZAMBIQUE

Machungo Addresses Zambezia Provincial Committee Session
(Mario Machungo; NOTICIAS, 16 Jun 84) ..ciecescscececeeee

PPE WWW

10

11

12

-a- “fIII - NE & A - 120]



SOUT.

DISSOLUTION OF WESTMINSTER-STYLE PARLIAMENT NOTED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Jul 84 p6

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE DISSOLUTION of the so-
called Westminster-style parlia-
mentary system came to an end.
last week, and this was another
step back for the country. .

‘If the old Parliament meant

anything to us — the truth is it,
did, for most of the laws passed
were directed specifically at"
keeping us down — the new tri-
cameral system is even more du-
*- Apart from the fact that blacks
have been kept out of this so-
called participation in the new
power structure, we have been
split into more nightmarish sec-
tions. The system of the separa-
tion-of peoples is actually reach-
ing its apotheosis in this partic-
ular instance. Only a little reflec-
tion tells us that this is divide and
rule at its most sophisticated
level. White South Africa has
learnt through the years to create
such tortuous systems to satisfy
its bothered conscience, and per-
haps the attacks of an unsympa-
thetic world.
’ This being the case, we believe
those coloured and Indians who
have been trapped into bogus
participation must know they
have been collaborating in
-weakening their country and its
people. :

South Africa now, has no busi-
ness in the repitition of the egg
dance that is leading the country
into violence. We are afraid the
type of violence as seen in Dur-
ban last week is. just perhaps the
start of an ongoing process which
we believe'can only be halted
when all the people are given a
fair chance to govern themselves.
Those who propagate violence
would look especially silly if they
continued under a system that
gives representation to all the
Faces, in a fair and equal man-
ner. That, we believe is about the
only way to stop the violence.

The balkanisation of the peo-
ple of this country had tragic re-
sults in the system of homelands.
We have not learnt the lessons of
this terrible separation of People,
who belong to one country and
should in all fairness fight one
‘battle. The new Parliament is
simply a sophisticated version of
homeland politics with Indians
and coloureds playing second fid-
die to a dominant white mi-
nority.

Three chambers sitting sep-
arately and debating on different
issues are now supposed to issue
out laws to all the peoples of the
country. How this will be man-
aged only time will tell. This is

32



ZIMBABWE

MUGABE'S SPEECH ON SOCIALISM SEEN AS PREDICTION FOR GRIM FUTURE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 Jul 84 p 10

[Text]

HARARE. — The
Prime Minister, Mr
Robert Mugabe’s lec-
ture on Scientific
Socialism earlier this
week must have left
those with a faith in the
value of.a multi-party
democracy with a deep
foreboding for the fu-
ture of Zimbabwe, the
weekly Financial Ga-
zette said yesterday.

In a leader on the
Prime Minister’s lecture
at the University of Zim-
babwe, the Gazette said:
“Mr Mugabe deliberately
adopted an extreme
stance with his declara-
tion that capitalism was
immoral and scientific
socialism was moral. It
‘was an’encouragement of
a political Polarisati

CSO: 3400/2041

that the country should be-
seeking to avoid at this
early stage in its post-in-
dependence history.”

No one political ideol-
ogy had all the remedies
for the nation’s problems.
It was doubtful whether
capitalism — as it was
perceived by Socialist
ideologies. — actually
existed in any country in
the 1980s, and it was
equally doubtful whether
Socialism, in its Marxist-
Leninist sense was the
bringer of the good life
for the peasant and work-

er.

“Zimbabwe does not
need a rigid mono-politi-
cal order; it requires a
wide eclectic approach to
the political and develop-
mental challenges that it
faces. A total commit-
ment to any one political

theory, however satisfy-
ing this may be from an

intellectual point of view, and

is a retreat from the real
world. It presumes, incor-
rectly we believe, that
economics, social re-
lationships, the way
people wish to live, hu-
man enterprises — in
fact, the whole compli-
cated fabric of society)
can be subordinated to a
single, rigid, political sys-
tem,” said the paper.
“For the — politician,
such a comprehensive
national order is very con-
venient. It eliminates pol-
itical opposition and pro-
yides an authoritative text
for every —_ occasion.
Obedience is all that is re-
quired, together with ac-
ceptance of the revealed
truth of the revered writ-
ings of the original theor-

74

Zimbabwe needed to
explore the many political
economic systems
that existed between the
extremes of what was im-
agined to be pure capital-
ism on the one hand, and
Marxist-Leninist scientific
Socialism on the other.

“The picture the Prime
Minister painted of a so-
ciety completely control-
led by the party was, to
us, a grim one. It will
lead, we believe, to a na-
tion actually dominated
by those who hold party
office.”


Praise for Producers

In his speech, Maj Gen Jorge Rebelo praised the producers=-cooperative, family
and private--of the green zones, as well as the work of the respective office,
for the effort they have put forth to increase production. As he stressed,
this effort is having a noticeable effect on the supply of vegetables, although
it does not yet completely meet the needs of the population.

Having been invited by the first secretary of the party to air their problems
frankly, members of the three production sectors represented at the meeting
Taised various issues related particularly to the lack or delayed distribution
of seeds, as well as the shortages of many other items, such as pumps, feed
for small animals, scales and transportmeans, and also building materials for
pigsties.

In response to these questions, the director of the Office of Green Zones explained
the reasons for some of these shortages and announced measures that are being
taken to overcome some of them. Specifically, he announced the creation of

three collection centers for produce from the green zones. The centers are
located in the areas of Albasini, Benfica and Jardim; they will be served by
transportation organized by his office.

He also announced that the office had already begun to distribute sprayers to
the producers in some urban districts, responding to another concern voiced
at the meeting, He added that the prices charged by GEOMOC to dig and clean
out wells are being revised, since they were manifestly exorbitant.

In closing the meeting, First Secretary Jorge Rebelo said: "We are going to study
the problems that have been presented here. We are not going to make any promises
but, insofar as possible, we are going to try to solve these problems. Some

of them cannot be solved immediately because of the difficult economic situation
which the counry is experiencing. Otters, however, particularly those which

can be solved with the means available to us in the country, we are going to

make every effort to overcome."

6362 * *°
CSO: 3442/420

20



NOTE

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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as (Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a. brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.

Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an

item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



Although progress has not been registered at a pace earlier anticipated,
Progress so far made has pleased both. the government and the peasants.

The rice irrigation project was introduced five years ago with the aim of
ultimately reducing the Isles' import bill for rice. A total of 5,000 hec-
tares were earmarked for rice irrigation to produce 24,000 tonnes a year.

The project which entails preparing the land for irrigation and conducting
research on suitable seeds for the different plains in Zamzibar and Pemba has
already prepared 400 hectares for irrigation.

Another 100 hectares are in the final stages of preparation and an additional
100 hectares will be prepared this year.

The ambitious rice irrigation scheme involves digging of wells, diverting water
streams and installation of pumping machines.

The Goverment has set aside 20m/- in the 1984/85 financial year to the rice
irrigation project.

Plans are underway to handover the prepared land to the peasants to take care
of the plots as advised by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAQ), whose
experts have played a major role in the project.

Coconut is also given serious attention under the diversification drive.

The palm tree has for decades been a food and cash crop for the people of
Zanzibar and Pemba. Several songs in the rural areas of the isles are not
complete without mentioning the tree.

The coconut development Programme, being undertaken jointly with Tanzania
Mainland and backed by assistance from the government of the Federal Republic
of Germany and a World Bank loan,has made some significant successes on the
Isles.

The peasants have been adequately educated on better care for the trees and
encouraged to. use better seedlings. .

The government anticipates to use three million shillings in the project
which will ultimately boost coconut oil production.

Apart from producing more coconuts for home consumption and copra for export,
the project is expected to go a long way towards feeding the 20.3 million/-
ghee factory, now in the final stages of its assembly at the small scale
industrial estate on the outskirts of Zamzibar town.

On the other hand, cloves which will for a long time to come remain the main-
stay of the Zamzibar economy, have been given due attention.

More than 100,000 clove seedlings were prepared last year under a programme
which involves curing affected trees and replacing old ones.

44



The so-called "abolition of passes and coordination of documents act of 1952"
had absolutely nothing to do with abolishing passes. Instead it meant that the
hated passes were being once again introduced to women.

Q:--You said once again. What do you mean by that?

3--Inmmediately after the formation of the Union of South Africa in 1910, the
white rulers enacted laws which forced women to carry passes beginning in 1913.
The campaign of resistance that followed when women, especially in the Orange
Free State, chose to be imprisoned rather than carry passes, was one of the
great early victories of the ANC which was just one year old (formed in Janu-
ary 1912). The authorities capitulated, and women were free of the hated docu-
ment for more than 40 years thereafter.

Q:—What happened when the law was enacted in 1952?

s--The reaction of the people was one of anger, because many municipalities
announced they were beginning to register African women with the intention of
issuing them with passes.

The African National Congress Women's League (ANCWL) organised rallies and
demonstrations in major cities, country towns and villages to resist the ex-
tension of passes. The resistance spurred the women to greater heights which
resulted in that historic gathering of women in Johannesburg in 1954 culminating
in the birth of the FSAW.

Ida Mtwana, President of the ANCWL was elected its first President and Ray
Alexander, a white trade unionist, was elected Secretary.

Among the officials of this new organisation were such great names of the South
African struggle as Lilian Ngovi and Helen Joseph (who were elected President
and Secretary of the FSAW in 1956), Florence Matomela, Dora Tamana, Albertinah
Sisulu, Vera Ponen, Fatima Meer and others. Many of these women are still
alive and active in the struggle.

The FSAW did not waste time. It went into action, with the assistance of the
ANC, .and. rallied the women. One of its greatest achievements was undoubtedly
the great antipass march to racist Prime Minister Strijdom's office in Pretoria
on August 9, 1956, thus giving birth to South African Women's Day—-August 9.

I must emphasize, however, that the struggle of the women was not confined to
fighting passes alone. At its inaugural conference, the FSAW declared: "As
women we share the problems and anxieties of our men and join hands with them
to remove social evils and obstacles to progress".

Q:--The racists banned many organizations opposed to it. Was the FSAW also a
victim of such banning?

3~-The activities of the FSAW did not go unnoticed by the racists. But they
did not directly ban the organisation. Instead they banned the ANC and the
Women's League; banned all leaders and functionaries of the FSAW repeatedly

28



MANPOWER OFFICIAL WARNS OF UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Jul 84 p 1

(Excerpt}

The Director General of
Manpower, Dr P J van der
Merwe, has warned that
there will be 2,4 million
unemployed in South Afri-
ca by 1987,

. Official figures from the
Department of Manpower,
issued in December 1983,
eople unemployed in South
People unemp!

Kirica excluding the home-
lands — 27724 whites, col-
oured people and Asians and
24 265 blacks.

Dr van der Merwe told the
Nederduitse Gereformeerde
Kerk congress on labour and in-
dustry in Pretoria that, if an ec-
onomic growth rate of 3,6 per-
cent were projected, unemploy-
ment would increase from
10,6 percent of the work force in
1977 to 21,9 percent of the work
force in 1987 — representing 24
million people.

The primary responsibility
for the creation and mainte-
nance of good labour relations
rested with employers, Dr van
der Merwe said.

CSO: 3400/2042

He said that employers who
did not give priority attention to
labour relations and who ig-
nored the building-up of conflict
situations could not expect leg-
islation to do the job for them or
to protect them from the just
complaints of their employees.

Potential

- Everyone had a duty to create
a labour world i in which each
person coul lop his full po-
tential, he said.

Dr van der Merwe also noted
the growing membership of
black trade unions. At the end of
1980, 24000 black workers be-
longed to registered unions. In
1983, this figure was 469 000.

Another important aspect of
the labour world, he said, was
the increasing number of strikes
and work stoppages. The num-
ber. of strikes had increased
from 71 in 1972 to 394 in 1982
and there were more than 336
‘work stoppages in 1983.

Many technological changes
in industry had made increased
demands on workers while, si-
multaneously, there was a short
age of trained manpower and a
surplus of untrained manpower,
Dr van der Merwe said.

This led to increased oppor-
tunities for some, but it also
created unemployment, disap-
pointment and frustration.

37

SOUTH AFRICA



CAPRIVI COMMISSIONER APPOINTED

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 2 Jul 84 p 3

[Text]

cso: 3400/2019

THE Administrator-
General, Dr Willie van
Niekerk, has appointed a
full-time Commissioner to
the Caprivi.

He is Mr HJ Hillmer
Backer, who replaces Mr
HJR Myburgh, who left
for “personal reasons”.

A statement released by
the office of the AG said it
had been decided to ap-
point a Commissioner for

The system had not been
to the advancement of ef-
ficient administration.

The task of the Commis-
sioner was to act as

-Fepresentative of the AG,

to consult with other

authorities in Caprivi and
to investigate ‘improved
decision-making processes
and structures.

Previously the Com-
misioner had been a tem-

porary post.

Mr Backer starts today.

Aged 40, he was born in
Pretoria, Mr Backer was
previouly resident in
Namibia and was the first
magistrate to the Caprivi in
1971,

He held that post for two
years and is at present the
Chief Commissioner of the
SA Department of Co-
operation and Develop-
ment in the Northern

Cape. __
Mr Backer is married
with three children.

23

NAMIBIA



GABON

BRIEFS

LARGE OIL DISCOVERY—The Tenoco Oil Company, a leading member of an oil con-
sortium announced that a large quantity of oil had been discovered off the
coast of Gabon. Drilling had revealed a daily flow of 2,400 barrels with a
specific gravity of 262 at the depth of 2,630 m. The drilling took place
about 50 km from Port Gentil. [Text] [Paris AFRICAN DEFENCE in English No
45, May 84 p 21]

CSO: 3400/2047



TANZANIA

ROLE OF 'WASALAMA' DEBATED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 5 Jul 84 p 3
[Article by James Mwakisyala and Mkubwa Ally]

[Text] A HEATED debate erupted yesterday in the National Assembly on the
maintenance of the traditional security groups Sungusungu or Wasalama.

Debating the 1984/8t estimates of the Ministry of Home Affairs, some Members
of Parliament called for the disbandment of the groups saying that they in-
creased lawlessness while others maintained that the groups had actually
controlled banditry in their respective areas.

Ndugu E. 0. Ayila (Tarime) said the actions of the traditional groups were a
matter of concern to the maintenance of peace, law and order therefore, they
should be abolished.

The MP called on the Government to strengthen the Ministry of Home Affairs
instead of depending on the Sungusungu or Wasalama.for the maintenance of law
and order.

However, the Member of Parliament for Geita Ndugu S. M. Kinuno, defended the
traditional defence groups, arguing that they had succeeded to restore peace
in Shinyanga, Tabora and Mwanza regions.

Ndugu Kinuno said the groups had so far recovered 254 rifles, sub-machine
guns, pistols and other types of arms used by bandits to terrorise people and
steal property.

He said the groups were formed in the wake of rampant lawlessness in the
regions and the inability of the police and other relevant institutions to
control the situation.

He told the House that given appropriate control against straying into the
extremes, the groups would successfully augment police efforts to fight crime.

Ndugu S. A. Deengw (Mbulu) discouraged the formation of such groups and urged
the Government to strengthen the police force to cope with criminals. He said
if the groups in Shinyanga and Tabora were encouraged, other regons might fol-
low suit, a situation he said would lead to chaos.

59



ZIMBABWE

COFFEE EXPORTS EARN $21.5 MILLION IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Jul 84 p 1

[Text] COFFEE exports earned $21,5 million in foreign exchange this year, and
more than $1 million was realised from the local market, the chairman of the
Coffee Growers’ Association, Mr Robin Fennell, has said.

He said foreign exchange earnings next year could top $24 million while local
sales should remain at $1 million.

Although the value of coffee exports was only 1,5 percent of the total export
commodities of Zimbabwe, it was significant.

“I am glad the Government is becoming more and more aware of the part we play
in the economy of the country," he said. "This has been achieved despite the
fact that the association's membership has fallen from 245 to 210 in a year."

Mr Fennell praised members of the association for amending the constitution to
enable them to assist communal farmers who could now become affiliated members
and receive the same services available to established members.

This year 9 730 tonnes were delivered to the Grain Marketing Board compared
with 6 906 tonnes last season and 11 000 tonnes are expected in the next har-
vest.

"It is regrettable that a larger percentage of the 1983/84 crop was of lower
quality than that picked in the previous year," said Mr Fennell. "There is no
doubt that this is largely due to drought and a shortage of pickers at the
critical ripening period of August and September in Chipinge."

He said prices received on the quota market for the higher classes were very
satisfactory and compared favourably with those obtained by Kenya farmers.
However, there was a considerable difference between prices paid for similar
grades to members and non-members of the International Coffee Organisation.

Efforts were being made this year to find a market for 800 tonnes of lower-
grade coffee in stock. The complication was that although the world quota was
fixed at 56.2 million bags on October 1, a further four million bags had since
been added.

75



To boost the industry, the government is to open two offices--one in Dar es
Salaam and the other in the United Arab Emirates--to undertaken sales of
cloves to small bulk purchases.

The programme to tap the market of small traders is expected to boost the
isles' foreign exchange earnings.

In its drive towards serlf sufficiency in food production, the government will
encourage the peasants to take cultivation in hilly areas more seriously. This
is especially because of the experiences in lower lands over the past few
years during which rainfall was below normal.

Peasants will also be encouraged to apply fertiliser and better seedlings for
which the government estimates to spend around 10 million/-.

To check the declining out put of citrus fruits, the government has embarked
on a campaign to compel everybody to plant the trees for the future generation.

But the success of all these programmes aimed at attaining a diversified econ-
omy will depend mostly on the blue print of the isles' agricultural policy ex-
pected to be released soon.

The policy whose formulation started two years ago is now in the final stages
of completion before being tabled before the House of Representatives for en-
dorsement.

The policy is expected to clearly spell out which areas were suitable for a
particular crop and advise the peasants on the soil and weather. It will also
earmark areas for livestock keeping.

Although the Isles have a long way to go in its drive to diversify its economy,
one thing is now certain under the Third Phase of the Revolution: the Ministry
of Agriculture has acquired a sense of direction.

Researchers, feasibility studies and expert advice earlier ignored as time
wasting, are now being given due consideration.

Furthermore, the recent move to consult peasants on decisions which touch their
day-to-day life has boosted their confidence.

The decision to provide free tractor services to rice growers is also expected
to go a long way towards achieving self-sufficiency in food and ultimately re-
duce the food import bill.

CsO: 3400/2046

45



One type of green manure is called marejea which originates from Songea in
Ruvuma Region. It is applied after every three months and has the real green
pigment and gives plants a.dark green colour. The manure is also used to feed
livestock. Experiments are being made on farm yard manure to determine its
effectiveness.

About 70 varieties of rice are under experiment at the Dakawa Centre and cross-
breeding is carried out to produce the best variety. Tanzanian TR 87, Katrin
and Korean KM 67 have been cited by the experts as among the best hybrids so
far.

As a result of the experiments the production of rice has been raised from
eleven tonnes per hectare or an increase of 113 per cent over the ordinary
method.

Ndugu Kanyeka said there are two methods used at the centre for rice cultiva-
tion. One is called water soil plant method whereby ploughing and narrowing
of the fields as well as the planting of seeds is done while the soil is cover-
ed by water.

Under the water soil plant method rice could be planted twice a year and the
official has recommended the cultivation of TR 87, Katrin and KM 67 varieties
for the state farms.

The other is "direct dry seed" method. In this case field preparation and
planting of seeds are done before applying water.

Maize is experimented on a system termed "densitification", whereby a number
of plants per hectre is increased in order to realise high yields.

The Korean expert said in Tanzania, between 45,000 and 50,000 maize could be
grown on a hectre of land. However, experiemnts have indicated the number of
plants on the same area could be raised up to 100,000.

Using the “densitification" method, green or farmyard manure and using
modern farming tools, it is possible to harvest 8.5 tonnes per hectare.

A variety, KL was undergoing a "selffed families" experiment to find out how
best to increase maize production by this self-polination method.

Experiments on horticulture are also undertaken at Dakawa centre. Various
types of vegetables are researched on how they could produce high quality.
products and in plenty.

According to the experts, the experiments have shown that 20 tonnes of green
manure applied in one hectare produced pumper harvests, adding that cucumber
production could go as high as 50 tonnes per hectare. Those of tomatoes,
could be 50 tonnes, spinach and cabbage 50 tonnes and pepper 35 tonnes per
hectare per season.

47



GUINEA

BRIEFS

POWER STATION RENOVATION--CGEE-Alsthom (CGE group) has just signed a con-
tract in Guinea in the amount of 43 million francs for furnishing and instal-
ling, between now and 1986, two ll-megawatt units intended for the renovation
of the Grandes Chutes hydraulic power plant on the Samou River, the firm
announced in Paris on Friday. This contract was won by a French consortium
including Neyrpic (turbines, adjuster, and floodgates), Alsthom-Jeumont
(generators) and CGEE-Alsthom, foreman. A financing agreement from the Aid
and Cooperation Fund (FAC), in the amount of 20.8 million CFA francs

(416,000 French francs), has just been signed for this purpose between France
and the Ivory Coast. [Text] [Paris LES ECHOS in French 12 Jun 84 p 8] 9895

CSO: 3419/786

10