next, so that they can determine their future strategy; Dr Treurnicht, leader
of the CP, has stated clearly that he does not accept what happened on
November 2.

Thus we can expect the CP to consider calculated risks such as: should an
attempt be made to take over the FAK entirely?. Should the Broederbond be
abandoned in favor of a new organization which will be entirely a prop of
party politics? And so on.

Church

With mounting concern Afrikaners are justified in asking: is this truly
necessary?

Must the Afrikaner people be torn apart because there is a minority group--yes,
the referendum has demonstrated that they are a minor minority--which refuses
to accept reality and wants to either have its way or sow discord?

Somewhere there must remain meeting places. Church and cultural organizations
cannot turn into a palpitating piece of politics.

Grace

Do the rightwingers want to drive a wedge into and abandon the few institutions
they support which are common to all? What service will they be performing
for the cause which they so ardently proclaim?

Perhaps it is now time for the splinter groups to reconsider their position
before the damage is irreparable. Accept the differences of opinion among
Afrikaners, but also accept the fact that there are other tasks than political
crusades.

Moreover, they must learn to accept defeat graciously. When standpoints
are rejected at the ballot box or wherever the decision is made, democracy
demands that the will of the majority be respected. Can the CP members
claim in all honesty that their actions do not resemble the desire for
revenge of poor losers? Does this not constitute an open mockery of those
so-talled ideals?

Before the right-wingers go any farther with their cretion of a structure

for an alternative Afrikanerdom, perhaps they should consider once more
whether the damage to. the Afrikaner may be greater than the gains. The
months of political relaxation ahead can well be used to draw up the balance
sheet. Perhaps...perhaps the realization will prevail that the common grounds
which still exist must be guarded jealously.

For a change the key question must not be "Quo vadis, Afrikaner people?", but
rather "Quo vadis, right-wingers, with the Afrikaner people?"

57



MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY SCORES NATIONAL RESISTANCE ACTIVITIES .
MBO51855 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 05 Jan 84
[Station commentary]

[Text] Over the last year, the Mozambican press has published many detailed
reports on the activities of a band of mercenary thugs who masquerade under the
name, the Mozambique National Resistance. The thugs are not known by that
name to the people of Mozambique. The people call them by a variety of names,
all of which reflect hatred and contempt. One of the names is the Quizumba,
which means hyena. Another is the armed bandits, which is self-explanatory.
The targets of these bandits are usually defenseless civilians or railway
lines or development projects which would help to improve the standard of liv-
ing of the Mozambican people. The bandits lie in wait for buses and trains
and machinegun the passengers. The bandits attack villages murdering peasants,
destroying their homes and stealing their property.

These thugs call themselves the Resistance, but they are resisting what? When
they line up captured civilians and machinegun them to death, or cut them into
pieces with axes, what are they resisting? The answer is clear: They are
neither resistance nor are they nationalists. They are hired killers. They
are hired by the South African authorities to spread terror among the Mozambican
people, to disrupt all this country's efforts to rise above the misery that was
bequeathed to us by Portuguese colonialism. It is not by chance that these
bandits in the pay of South Africa began their activities immediately after
the Mozambican people won their independence from Portugal, and it is not only
by chance that they stepped up their activities after the people of Zimbabwe
won their independence with the help of Mozambique.

The bandits have no policy. Who has the policy is South Africa. The bandits
are South Africa's: puppets. South Africa chooses the targets--Mozambican men,
women and children--and the bandits obey.

The puppets have caused much suffering and damage but they will not always
have a puppet master. One day the puppets will be alone, and then where will
they run to? The sensible ones will quickly take up President Samora Machel's
generous offer of clemency and reintegration into society for those who give
themselves up with their weapons.

CSO: 3400/480

23



NOTE

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newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

AGRICULTURAL LAND TO BLACK HOMELANDS-~South Africa has ceded more agricultural
land to Venda, Ciskei, Transkie and Bophuthatswana. According to notices in
the latest government gazette, a portion of the Maclear District, comprising
about nine farms, and a part of the Indwe District in the eastern cape shall
be incorporated into the Transkei, while a tract of land in the Fort Beaufort
vicinity will become part of the Ciskei. In addition, several farms in the
Soutpansberg District have been added to Venda, and Bophuthatswana has received
additional land in the districts of Vryburg and Rustenburg. [Text] [MB061922
Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMI 6 Jan 83]

cs0: 3400/485

66



The government was taking steps to improve customs administration and is
considering some measures to discourage the import of non-essential goods, the
President said.

To improve the monitoring of aggregate expenditure levels, the government
plans to close the large number of accounts at the Bank of Uganda, he added.

He said the government will provide a total of 0.65 billion Uganda Shillings
to regularise known domestic debt arrears and to guarantee the payment of all
other accepted claims through the issuance of short term bonds.

Vote books and commitment registers will be re-introduced for all government
accounts to prevent the re-emergence of domestic debt arrears, "I wish to
notify the public that any debts of supplies given to departments without
proper procedure will not be honoured, "the President warned.

Dr. Obote said during the execution of the recovery programme, the government
will encourage banks to increase credits for financing crop marketing, imports
associated with the utilisation of the International Development Association

(IDA) reconstruction credits and other priority areas of economic development.

But, he said lending to commerce and trade will be strictly restrained.
“These policies are expected to contain the depreciation of the exchange rate
at the second window and reduce inflation rate," the President explained.

On inflation, the President informed the delegates that it had been cut from
107.2 per cent in 1980 when the UPC government took over power and was expec-
ted to stand at 25 per cent by the end of this year.

The Revised Recovery Programme, which has 105 projects compared to 76 of the

earlier programme, will be presented to the next session of the National
Assembly.

CSO: 3400/431

77



GHANA

AFP VIEWS COUNTRY'S ECONOMIC SITUATION
AB291700. Paris AFP in English 1512 GMT 29 Dec 83

[Excerpts] Accra, 29 December (AFP)--Iwo years after it took power on New
Year's Eve 1981, Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings’ "Revolutionary People's"
regime has come to terms with economic reality, backed by Western countries
and the International Monetary Fund, in a pragmatic attempt to drag Ghana
out of a chaos which has lasted 10. years.

In toppling President Hilla Limann, to whom he had handed over power little
more than 2 years before after a brief military "house-cleaning exercise,"
Flight-Lieutenant Rawlings declared war again on corruption and the politi-
cians he blamed for the country's bankruptcy.

These upheavals were accompanied by calls on the population to denounce the
“profiteers" of the old regime and a ban on political parties, leading to the
flight abroad of a great part of the skilled and professional people which
Ghana so lacks today, when its economic situation has never been worse.

All these refugees, in particular several thousand teachers, settled mainly
in the surrounding English-speaking countries, such as Nigeria, Liberia and
Sierra Leone, while others went to London, which with Lagos, became the centre
of opposition to the Rawlings regime.

For Rawlings' return failed to improve the catastrophic economic situation he
inherited, and in 2 years he was to face five attempted coups. Galloping in-
flation and increasing difficulty in finding ordinary consumer goods--tooth-
paste, electric light bulbs and motor [word indistinct] are all currently un-
obtainable in Accra--did not make his regime very popular.

On top of his problems came a lengthy drought affecting the whole region's

agriculture. In 1984 the projected food deficit is 450,000 tons of cereals,
which will be made up (?by) international aid (120,000 tons) and the govern-
ment scraping the bottom of its foreign exchange barrel (for 300,000 tons).

The drought has also caused unprecedented bush fires which have ravaged the
already aging cocoa plantations, bringing production down to less than 160,000
tons. In 1981 it was 255,000 tons, and in 1965, when Ghana led the world in
cocoa output, 566,000 tons.

13



cso:

3400/424 A

URWA. was. called to elect. an executive committee
for the association. Juma Oris, contrary to his expec-
tation, failed to be elected.

It was then alleged that Juma Oris, who has for
long maintained close contacts: with the Sudanese
State Security Organisation (SSO), and its. local
director, Gassim Yacoub, was involved in a plan to
send surreptitiously ‘Ugandan refugees to fight for
Iraq against Iran. The plan entailed persuading refu-
gees to-go to Saudi. Arabia for a short military
training course prior to their promised return to
fight Obote’s government. Instead they would have
found themselves -in the front-line in Iraq. John
Yebuga apparently discovered the plot, to the obvi-
ous dismay of the parties involved, and has been
imprisoned in Juba since February.

‘ The following conclusions can be drawn about the

region:

@ Anarchy in Uganda will continue for the foreseeable future.

@ The Ugandan refugee population in southern Sudan will not
decrease significantly. There is no shortage of farming land
in extreme southern Sudan: Ugandans will settle there in
increasing numbers, As a consequence the Sudanese might
from time to time react against-what they might see as Ugandan
domination.

@ The combination of anarchy in Uganda, free-for-all in north-
eastern Zaire and mounting armed conflict in southern Sudan,
will preclude any inter-governmental conspiracy. to seal the
Uganda-Sudan ‘border, prevent possible cooperation between

indan and Sudanese :guerrillas or to neutralise by force the
refugees out of political activity.

Footnotes

1, P.W.lga, manager of the Uganda Stee! Corporation in Tororo;
C,Drani, former commissioner of customs, now a businessman;
Mr. Kajoyingl, assistant administration secretary for Moyo
district; Mr. Assusi, an. engineer reportedly. from Embu in
Kenya; and a Mrs. Kupajo.

2/ During the zenith of -his rule Idi Amin employed over 100
high-ranking foreign officials, civilian and military, and’ over

4,000 NCOs and troops. Some prominent military figures. such
as Col. Sule, CO of the para school, and Brig. Husein Malera,
army COS: in 1975, have died. Others, such as Lt. Col.
Faruk Minawa, director of Amin’s State Research Bureau, are
believed to live in Kenya. But a large number. are living
comfortably in southern Sudan. They include Lt.’Col. Gore
Christopher, CO of the army ‘“‘suicide squad’; Capt. ‘Nigo
Nyausi, adjutant at Mubende; Brig. Taban Lupayi, CO of the
marines and deputy army COS (he now lives: in well-heeled
and illiterate oblivion in: Yei waiting for Amin’s return); Lt.
Ladu, CO of Uganda: Airforce radar; Lt. Asu, a UAF pilot;
and Elly. Hassan, Amin’s former ambassador to Moscow, who
has recently been released from prison in Juba having, been
charged with possessing arms.

72



cso:

Government in the past,
so why should. they start
now? They may well
achieve, in the form of an
interim government,
somewhat more than that
which the DTA received as
far as concessions are con-
cerned, but the important
issues, the life-and-death
issues, will remain in the
hands of the Government
across the Orange River.
A. strong call, for the
implementation of Resolu-
tion 435, and those parties
who do not agree, will fall
away, and so what if they do?
For it is apparent they do not
have at heart, the interests of
the majority of Namibians
would not, agree that the
country is in a total mess
at present? Very few of
them at any rate. And that
‘mess’ has been brought
about, not by. Swapo
(whom some people fear
will bring this country to

3400/427

30

its knees) or any. other
political party, but by the
South African Govern-
ment itself.

A Government which has
had years of ‘practice’, which
is accustomed to ruling and
who cannot claim  inex-
perience like so many of the
‘ethnic’? governments which
have been under the scrutiny
of the Thirion Commission.

‘Look at what happened to
Angola after ‘the MPLA vic-
tory* is the usual rather tiring
example given by critics.

Why don’t they say in-
stead: ‘Look at what happen-
ed to Namibia before Swapo
took over’! i

In. conclusion, South
Africa would not heed a call,
however united, for the im-
plementation of Resolution
435, but let those parties who
are truly concerned about the
future of Namibia and its
people go on record deman-
ding the implementation. of
Resolution 435, which may
be our only hope.



NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

'ORGY' OF MURDERS-~ONDANGUA--The latest batch of judicial inquests into unnat-
ural deaths in South West Africa's war zone shows that wilful slaughter is
still the order of the day. Civilians are the victims of this orgy of murder,
at times accompanied by plunder and robbery. Several inquests were held by
Mr. A. H. Coetzer, an additional magistrate of the Tsumeb circuit of the lower
court. In a sworn affidavit Miss Maria Martin, 22, said that she was the girl
friend of Mr David Jason, 28. She said that two SWAPO insurgents, dressed in
battle fatigues, had fetched her boyfriend who was subsequently machinegunned.
In yet another inquest Mr Coetzer was told that Mr Phillipus Shafa, 30, was
fetched from a cuca shop in the Okambonde area of the Ovambo-speaking region,
and eye-witnesses saw how the captured man's hands were tied behind his back.
He was then taken away to a spot not far from where he was captured, and shot.
In both cases Mr Coetzer found criminal liability, and said in his ruling that
the murders were committed by unidentified SWAPO insurgents. [Text] [Windhoek
WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 10 Dec 83 p 30]

'BITTER' REACTION TO DETENTION--WINDHOEK--The secretary of the NGK Missionary
Society in Windhoek, the Reverend Peet Strauss, yesterday expressed "bitter
regret" at the detention of a leading South West African member of the Evan-
gelical Reformed Church in Africa (NGK), the Reverend Nikodemus Nairenge. Mr
Nairenge (42), was taken into custody by security police in terms of Security
Proclamation AG 9 at Nkurenkuru, in Western Kavango, last week. An official
spokesman said yesterday he was still being held. "I feel bitterly sorry for
him and his family, as well as for his work, Mr Strauss said. "One can only
trust that if there are reasons for his detention, that he will be brought to
trial--if not, that he will be set free. Colleagues of Mr Nairenge described
him as a highly respected churchman who was opposed to violence in all forms.
Mr Nairenge is stationed at Takwasa in eastern Kavango, but he was detained on
a visit to his mother and his sistern in western Kavango, near the Angolan
border. Proclamation AG 9 provides for detention for periods of 30 days, but
the detention orders may be renewed by the Administrator-General. Earlier re-
ports said more than 20 people were being held in terms of Proclamation AG 9
in Kavango. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 16 Nov 83 p 4]

INQUIRY INTO SECURITY SOON--WINDHOEK--A Judicial Commission of Inquiry into
Security Legislation in SWA/Namibia was expected to begin work in due course,
an official spokesman said here yesterday. The Commission, to be chaired by
Mr Justice H P van Dyk, was appointed last week by proclamation in the

37°



{Photo captions]

Captain Gatsha Buthelezi... "I have nothing to tell young people about what
future there is for negotiations.

Mr P.W. Botha... "Our relationship cannot be worse than it already is,"
Captain Buthelezi said."

English Community Following the Referendum
Johannnesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 13 Nov 83 p 14

[Article by Prof Lawrence Schlemmer in the colum "Focal Commentary": "New
Role for the English following the Referendum"]

[Text] To a great extent, the referendum diverted the spotlight from the
Afrikaans to the English-speaking voters. There is great uncertainty about
the future voting behavior among the English. It seems that the "decisive
vote" in our politics will mainly consist of English speakers.

A recent poll which was taken in cooperation with Market and Opinion Polls
(Edms.) Ltd. points to a dramatic new change in our politics and to a new
role for the English speakers.

More than three out of ten English speakers now supports the National Party,
and this percentage could possibly grow. It has also occurred before that
a third of the English supported the government, but this time the kind of
support is different.

While in the past the English-speaking NP-vote was mainly conservative, we now
see that this support was clearly progressive. My nation-wide poll shows
that over five out of ten English NP-supporters would accept changes in the
Group Regions [Homelands ] Law and that six out of ten would like to see the
Immorality Law disappear.

Roughly three-fourths of the English NP-supporters would accept participation
in the decision-making process by colored, Indians /and/ [boldface] blacks
with the proviso that there be guarantees against majority domination.

Are these progressive English-speaking NP-supporters different from the
Progressive Federal Party and the New Republic Party? The only really clear
difference resulting from my poll is that the English NP-people are very
enthusiastically patriotic. Foreign pressure on the Republic of South Africa
will cause reactions among these voters identical to those of Afrikaners--
resistance and solidarity.

62



NUJOMA:

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 12

[Text]

cso:

HARARE: Swapo
leader Mr Sam Nujoma
said in Harare last week
South Africa was
recruiting mercenaries
from the west to fight
alongside its forces in
the disputed territory.

He told reporters in
Harare after a brief visit
that South Africa had set
up a “murder squad”

mostly mercenaries, to kill |

SWA/Namibian _ intellec-
tuals who were preaching
politics to the local popula-
tion.

Mr Nujoma said South
Africa was desperate to
maintain its tight military
and economic grip on
SWA/Namibia and was
recruiting mercenaries.

— He would not say how
many — from Britain,
Spain, Israel, Canada,
‘West Germany, the United
States and Latin American
countries.

3400/427

He said they also in-
cluded some Portuguese
who had fought in Mozam-
bique against Presdident
Samora Machel’s Frelimo
Party and whites from
Zimbabwe.

Some of the mercenaries
had been formed into a
special _ battalion —to
“systematically exter
minate”. SWA/Namibian
intellectuals. such as doc-
tors, teachers and nurses
for their alleged role in the
Nationalist movement, he
said.

“But this will not help
because the war is already
being felt throughout
Namibia, including the
capital of Windhoek.

“Even the — racist
minority white settlers in
Namibia are now
devided... because the
economy is declining as a
restult of the intensification
of the armed struggle.
They also fear for. their
lives,” Mr Nujoma added.

He claimed the military

33

SA RECRUITING MERCENARIES FOR 'MURDER SQUAD'

Dec 83 p 4
and political situation in
SWA/Namibia was
critical.

“They (the South

Africans) refuse to learn
from other people’s strug-
gles, like here in Zim-
babwe.”

Mr Nujoma said he had
visited Zimbabwe for con-
sultations with Mr Robert
Mugabe’s government. He
left today for Zambia to
meet president Kenneth
Kaunda. :

In Pretoria, an SA
Defence Force spokesman
described the claims as Mr
Nujoma’s “latest flight of
fantasy.”

“As in the past, Mr Nu-
joma’s statement reveal
only that he has absolutely
no idea of what is happen-
ing in South West Africa
and even less of what is
happening in the SADF.

“His latest flight of fan-
tasy is of no interest’ to
anyone,” the spokesman
said. — Sapa

NAMIBIA



things, the following are specifically.mentioned: hospitals, clinics,
medical services at school and for the needy, information. on health and
nutrition, and the registration of private hospitals. All these matters are
listed on the schedule which determines what are individual. matters and
they are subject to any general legislation in this regard.

Since the leaders of the Labor Party, the Freedom Party and the Democratic
Party have all announced that they intend to participate in the social order,
it is not unwarranted to ask them to consider these questions of health

care. What is their policy in this matter? What can we expect from them if
they are allowed to carry that policy out? What new legislation are they
planning?

It is generally known that our colored residential areas are extremely hard-
pressed for doctors. and medical services. How are these problems going to
be confronted?

This question is raised here because the temptation will be very great for
coloreds who assume positions of power to simply perpetuate the the old

order as they used to. Perhaps a bit more of this and a bit less of that, but
basically the same old recipe. The mixture as before, as the doctors have
always said.

There is a lot of talk about leadership and about the caliber of men who now
must step forward. Still, if this only means that the man in authority has a
darker skin than the one who used to be in that position, then it has not
advanced us at all. And that is why I am looking for a new light, thus far
to no avail.

Let me consider my own. profession, education. It happens so often that a new
principal is hired. His first step is to move into his new office, buy new
furniture and an intercom, and then to sit down in his new chair... and
there he sits, until one day he retires. Nothing new has come from him.

This is also the danger in politics. A brown man becomes a member of the
Council of Ministers in the House of Representatives. He sits behind the

big desk, in the fancy armchair, drives a shiny car. But the real. decision
making and the action on matters ultimately takes place among the top officials,
and they remain white. They are the men who ultimately steer the car

according to the policies set down in writing... and it was not the brown

man who set them down. From time to time the brown official is allowed to
appear in public, even to be a bit critical, But not to make a significant
impact on policy.

Are we on the road to something like that with this new social order?

12571
cso: 3401/24

65



NIGER

BRIEFS

KOUNTCHE NEW YEAR MESSAGE--Niamey, 1 Jan (AFP)--Niger -head of state General
Seyni Kountche on Saturday expressed the hope that by "a great manifestation

of solidarity" the international community would come to the aid of the millions
of Niger citizens who have been hit by a food shortage because of drought. Dur-
ing the ceremony of the presentation of new year wishes by the diplomatic

corps, Gen Kountche added that the economic crisis had rendered "Niger's
economic recovery efforts particularly precarious," and said he hoped he would
be able to count on the "kind support" of foreign partners of his country. On
the international scene, the head of state hoped that an "equitable solution
would come out of 9 January roundtable conference of Addis Ababa" between the
various parties to the Chadian conflict, and hoped that "conditions for a
referendum in Western Sahara" would soon be met. Gen Kountche also expressed
“sentiments of profound bitterness" over recent events in southern Africa and
the Middle East, which, he said, had withered "his hope to see the Namibian

and Palestinian peoples national rights completely restored." [Text] [AB041335
Paris AFP in French 0951 GMT 1 Jan 84]

cso: 3419/304

43



MUTALE SAYS GOVERNMENT SHOULD STRESS GROWING GROUP OF INDIGENOUS CROPS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 14 Dec 83 p 5

[Text]

THE Party and its Go-
vernment: should not
only .emphasise maize
and wheat growing but
should also encourage

i growing of - other
‘indigenous crops — such
as sorghum, millet and
cassava.

Chairman of the
Composite Flour | Pro-
gramme, a committee of
agriculturists under the
sponsorship of the Food

and Agricultural Organi- -

sation —(FAO)/Govern-
ment, Mr Phidellis Cha-
nda Mutale, said that the
Government should em-
phasise on the growing
‘of indigenous crops be-
cause they can be virtu-
ally grown by ‘every Za-
-mbian peasant farmer
without much need for

‘technical know-how.

Speaking in an inter-
view, Mr Mutale, who is

also mill manager for
Northern Milling called
on the Ministry of Co-

mmerce and Industry to -

stop issuing. further
licences to maize millers
because the country has
enough maize mills while
there were no millers
for sorghum, millet and
cassava. .

‘Mr ‘Mutale’ said sorghum, ~:

millet and cassava can grow
anywhere in the country des-

pite there being low rainfall

or heavy tainfall.

an said these stops once
grown could save the

country a lot of foreign excha-

nge in a reduction in the impo-

ration of wheat as well ‘as

maize.

“We can use up to 30 to
40 per cent of sorghum in
wheat which would mean we
would need to import less
wheat. Just like we can supp-
lement maize with ‘sorghum
in - stockfeed,” he . said

~ Mr Mutale said these indi-

85

maize production mea

genous ctops which have been
gtown by Zambians for a long

-time require less

technology

and low inputs, which ‘have

become very expensive for the
peasantfarmer..

He said at, the «moment,

ZAMBIA

‘the country was ‘Spending -

‘a Jot of money on the growing
of maize and wheat which is
being brought ‘into the country

in form of aid. He added thet

genous crops, it would require

less aid to achieve maximum

output. :
“This allows every Zambian

to participate because’ every -

village can grow these crops
whereas there are, complica-
tions in maize and’ wheat be-
cause these depend ‘heavily
on the weather, climate and

Jot of inputs such ps fertiliser

“He said at the moment,
because of the emp! on

fact when produced. is

enough,’ besides the
People, it has to be used for
stockfeed, bottled and opaque
Deer and various other pro-

OES Mutate sald previously,



although he has always denied being
involved, in spite of the evidence of
numerous documents. These show, for
example, that Bongo’s Bank, based in
Luxembourg, put up the money, and
Affretair supplied the aircraft. The coup
attempt was a complete flop, but Denard
stayed on in Gabon as a technical adviser to
Bongo before he had better luck in the
Comoros, where he now wields great
influence after leading Ahmed Abdallah’s
coup against Ali Soilih in 1978. Only three
years’ before, Denard had done exactly the
opposite.

Characterwise, Bongo is highly sensitive
to any imputation that he is less than
perfect and this sensitivity, exemplified in
his attitude to Péan’s book and the great
publicity given to it by the French media,
extends to his personal life. But it is just this
aspect, namely the behaviour of his wife
Marie-Josephine, which provides the most
incredible but no less authentic incident: the
Luong affair.

“‘Marie-Jo”’ has been less than faithful to
Bongo on more than one occasion and. her
rumoured lovers, not to mention a previous
husband, have met violent ends. A Haitian,
Rene Joseph, was hunted down in Miami
by Denard’s men. But Marie-Josephine’s
family are also rich and influential and a
break with them could be disastrous for
Bongo.

In September 1978, Marie-Jo was
attracted to Robert Luong, a housepainter
who had been doing work on the
Presidential Palace. Their affair came to
Bongo’s ears and in January 1979- Luong
was deported from Gabon to France
aboard the Presidential jet escorted by two
members of the Presidential guard. They
told French police that they had orders to
watch Luong at his home in southern
France and prevent him from going to
Paris. On orders from above, the police
complied.

But Luong “‘escaped’” more than once
and met Marie-Jo in a Paris hotel, where
they were surprised by Bongo himself. The
two lovers were not to see each other again
and letters and telephone calls from. Luong
went unanswered,

On October 26 1979, Luong, still under
strict surveillance, went again to Paris. He
did not see Marie-Jo, but on his return
home he was shot dead outside his apart-
ment block. Police investigations were less
than thorough, key potential witnesses were
not questioned and the case was virtually
dropped.

‘There was no doubt that Valery Giscard

_@Estaing valued France's links with Gabon

just as much as De Gaulle and Pompidou,
under the strong influence of the clan
Gabonais, which now included his own
“Foccart,”” Réne Journiac, In February
1980, Journiac himself was killed when
Bongo’s private aircraft, on which he was
the only passenger, crashed mysteriously in
northern Cameroon,

The Luong Affair was reopened when
Mitterrand came to power, ‘but without
much enthusiasm. The case only continued
under the impulse of lawyers for Luong’s
family, but in February 1983, Péan reveals,
Luong’s wife was paid a million francs by
“friends of Gabon’’ to drop her interest in
the proceedings.

In effect, according to Péan, Mitterand’s
arrival has changed little. Bongo, in the
centre of a spider’s web of vested interests,
gave funds to all three parties in the 1981
French elections and is still in the driving
seat. The threat he now hangs over the
Elysée is to invite the Americans into
France’s private commercial and military
preserve. The publication of A/ffaires
Africaines could lead him to take that step
anyway.

Péan himself is convinced that this is
what will happen and Bongo has himself
made approaches to Washington since his
book appeared. For Bongo—who pointedly
met Ronald Reagan (though he denied
discussing a military agreement) in
Washington in June 1981, a month after
Mitterrand’s election and before he saw the
new French President in Paris — “the
special relationship between Gabon and
France no longer exists, and the Affaires
Africaines is the reason,’’ Péan told Africa
Now.

A joint communiqué after last month’s
visit of Chester Crocker, us Assistant
Secretary of State for African Affairs,
stressed the desire of Washington and
Libreville to strengthen their political,
cultural, economic and commercial
relations and there were predictions in the
Gabonese capital of a formal aid agreement
by the end of the year.

The Elysée, which played down the likely
effect of Péan’s book before it appeared, is
now extremely worried, as is Elf-Aquitaine.
A personal friend and adviser of Mitterrand,
lawyer Roland Dumas, spent two days in
Libreville at the end of October trying to
persuade Bongo to lift his media sanctions,

He failed. But the French, obviously
alarmed, were not giving up easily. As the
boycott of French news continued it was
revealed that Francois de Grossouvre,
known as Mitterrand’s eminence grise, was
going to Gabon. His task was evidently to
succeed where Dumas had failed.

“Because the book was not banned,
Bongo considers he has been betrayed by
France,"? Péan said. He would not be
surprised to see other sanctions, such as
the cancellation of contracts, follow.
Personally, as a professional journalist, he
feels no remorse about bringing the book
out, but its enormous success (it was into its
fifth printing three weeks after publication)
has astonished him.

“Bongo is his own worst publicity agent.
If he hadn’t made such a fuss fewer people
would have been interested,”’ he told Africa
Now.


NIGERIA

Speculation Said Rife as to Motives Behind Gowon Visit
(AFRICA NOW, No 32, Dec 83) ..

SOUTH AFRICA

UGANDA

Editorial Comment on Foreign, Domestic Topics
(Editorial; various sources, various dates) ......+sseees

New PFP Policy

New White Paper on Education
Border Area Conflict Potential
Relations With Mauritius
Relations With Taipei

U.S. Government Attitude

Bishop Tutu Predicts Bleak Year of Confrontation Ahead
(Sam Mabe; SOWETAN, 29 Dec 83) ..scecececsseccveeeevceece

UNITA Success Puts Luanda 'In Serious Trouble’
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 6 Jan 83) s.sseseeseeeees

Road to “Different Kind' of Afrikanerdom Viewed
(Various sources, various dateS) ...eseeeeeceseseeseooens

Direction of Afrikanerdom, by Willie Kuhn

Interview With Buthelezi, by Pieter Cronje

English Community Following the Referendum,
by Lawrence Schlemmer

On Future Role of Colored, by Gus Adams

Briefs
Agricultural Land to Black Homelands

Various Difficulties Said Leading to Anarchy
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, No 22, 2 Nov 83) .....+e-e-

Former Official Reportedly Flees for His Life
(Richard Carver; AFRICA NOW, No 31, Nov 83) .

Government To Reduce External Debt Arrears
(Peter Masebu; UGANDA TIMES, 21 Nov 83) ..

Steps Taken To Rehabilitate Ailing Water System
(AFRICA NOW, No 31, Nov 83) ...

Diversifying Exports To Reduce Dependence on Coffee
(J. Ochieng; UGANDA TIMES, 18 Nov 83) ...

44

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79


We are collaborating with the regional delegates of UNCC /expansion unknown/, the
control assistants and the farmers themselves by means of the cooperatives. The
UNCC delegate is assisted by the person in charge of technical operations, who
supervises the work at project level. In the course of the project itself, the
farmers organize demonstration fields on which modern and traditional farming tech-
niques are practiced. To that end the technical popularization services provide
the farmers with the necessary supplies: Sorghum, millet and beans as the main -
erops as well as mineral fertilizers and pesticides as part of the struggle against
pests."

When the agricultural project first began, said Heyd Jean-Charles, seeds and ferti-
lizers were supplied the farmers on credit.

It turned out, though, that problems arose with regard to the recovery of the money,
and it was therefore later decided to sell for cash only.

As concerns market gardening, the popularization campaign proceeds with thé same
control structure, and the project supplies vegetable seed and fertilizer.

In 3 years of operation, the popularization campaign has recorded satisfactory re-
sults. Still, a psychological problem arose insofar as it seems that the attitude
of the assistant controllers tends to offend the farmers who, in turn, are said to
lack motivation. To produce a more satisfactory situation, it would be well for
the project to emphasize the employment of farmers trained at the CPT's /Advanced
Technical Training Centers/ within the framework of popularization, to achieve
better popularization and the assumption of greater responsibility by the farmers.

Soumana Goudia, for his part, emphasized with regard to training, that the project
deals with the recruitment and training of assistant controllers. In January 1980
40 assistant controllers were recruited, trained and pursued a 2-months course of
instruction in such topics as selection of seeds, the application of fungicides,
density of sowing, light plowing, fertilizer supply, weeding, prompt weed pulling
and getting down to cultivation,

Refresher Courses

At the end of the course, 35 assistant controllers were assigned to popularization,
while others were sent to the Center for Training Young Farmers (GMV) at Maradi for
another 9 months of instruction. Subsequently these assistant controllers have been
operating in the regions to familiarize themselves with the project's farming meth-
ods. Every year (January and February) these agents attend a refresher course
lasting 1-2 weeks.

It remains to remember that, parallel to these refresher courses, a course in coop-
erative education ‘also proceeds--this one concerned with training the farmers. The
training course is short, The course of cooperative education involves the adminis-
trative councils of the Village Mutual Groups (GMB's) and cooperatives, It aims at
achieving the effective participation of the population in the development opera-
tions and at preparing it to take on the administration of its own affairs.

In addition to all these activities there is also the preparation of campaigns with
the objective (according to Soumana’Goudia) of evaluating the previous season's

40



Commission for Refugees (UNHCR)..in southern
Sudan. In fact many of those who registered. with
UNHCR had been in Sudan for some time but had
avoided registration until they had sold animals they
had brought with them. Others had trekked back
into Uganda to tend crops they had planted earlier,
only to find in many cases that the local drought
had desecrated much of the land.

The influx came at a: bad time: food supplies. in
the refugee settlement camps were critically. low;
trucks of World Food Programme food coming
from. Kenya. were stuck in a stretch of mud. in
Uganda not far from the Sudanese border (the
Ugandan government showed little inclination to
pull them out); and UNHCR, in its enthusiasm to
repatriate refugees against the odds, in June began
to repatriate Ugandans to West Nile province.

The:food crisis, though it could reoccur, seems to
have passed without much multi-lateral assistance.
Repatriation, however, is still planned by UNHCR,
despite the well-documented state of anarchy in. West
Nile province. In mid-September, for instance, about.
150 Ugandans were due to be repatriated. The Ugan-
dan government then said that the UNHCR represen-
tative from Arua could not meet the repatriates at
the. border. A suggestion to take them via Zaire was
declined for security reasons, and. eventually the
exercise was postponed. Even if they had managed
to pass unscathed to their ‘‘destination’”’ ‘in Uganda,
repatriates in the past have been given basic food
supplies for three months. Given that they have to
build houses, grow crops and suffer the constant
intimidation and theft of UNLA, their chances of
survival in Uganda would have been minimal. Predi-
catably, many of the 120 or:so repatriates. who
returned to Uganda earlier have now trekked back
to Sudan.

On one level the repatriation exercise is a miscon-
ceived idea to: promote the idea that Uganda is stable
enough for refugees-to return. It is also symptomatic
of UNHCR’s huge ‘amorphous bureaucracy of career
“refugee. executives’, who are open: to. intergov-
ernmental political. manipulation.

Connected partly to this sort of intrigue and partly
to the ambitions of. ex-Amin opportunists, is the
affair of the Uganda Refugee Welfare Association
(URWA). In. January 1981 a number of Ugandans
in Sudan, under; the chairmanship of Nasuru Okuti
and including Juma Oris, Amin’s former foreign
affairs minister who. now lives. in Juba, and John
Yebuga, an assistant: social worker: for’ the:.Sudan
Council of Churches, met the Sudanese minister
for internal affairs to discuss the establishment of
URWA-Little-of-substance happened until Novem-
ber 1982 when a meeting of Ugandans involved: in

71



He added that horticultural farmers lacked seeds and the enterprenuers'
assistance would help in boosting the output.

The enterprenuers were invited here by Standard Distributors ((U) Ltd., which
is engaged in the growing of horticultural crops.

cso: 3400/431

80



375160

JPRS-SSA-84-008

18 January 1984

 Bereoton =
a SUON STATEMENT
rr — IEMENY

ie. 7 puplic reieangy
Unitoned

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980319 196 |

\,

DTIC QUALITY INSPECTED g

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY.

——_ |

NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE | 6

: US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
SO USPRINGFIELD, VAL 22161 -
(06

AOS



Central Region Officials Meet in Manica District
(Maputo Domestic Service, 5 Jan 84) .s.ccccececcecescaee

Friendship Group Scores U.S. Nuclear Missiles
(Maputo Domestic Service, 5 Jan 84) ....cccccccccccceeee

Commentary Scores National Resistance Activities
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 5 Jan 84) .......

Briefs
Local Militias Strengthened
Envoy Visits Macau
Vietnamese Envoy Cites Support
SA Refugees Wounded in Blast

British Drought Aid

NAMIBIA

NIGER

Multi-Party Group: Independence Nowhere in Sight
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Nov 83) .cccceccccccecccccevecseneceess

Security Police Fear Infiltration by SWAPO
(THE STAR, 1 Nov 83) ...cceccccccccecccceeceeee ee eeeeeee

Columnist Urges Calling South Africa's Bluff
(Gwen Lister; WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 10 Dec 83) .....seee

Army, Constables Accidentally Fight, Kill Two
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 7 Dec 83) .....

Population Statistics for Windhoek Provided
(THE STAR, 14 Dec 83) .. . sees

Nujoma: SA Recruiting Mercenaries for 'Murder Squad'
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 12 Dec 83) ....

Tsumeb Corporation To Close Copper Mine
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 8 Dec 83) .....

Investigation of Mining Industry Called For
(Editorial; WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 10 Dec 83) ..

Briefs
‘Orgy' of Murders .
"Bitter' Reaction to Detention
Inquiry Into Security Soon

Tahoua Agricultural Production Project Explained
(SAHEL HEBDO, 5 Dec 83) ..

Briefs
Kountche New Year Message

-b-

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23

24

24

24

25

25

26

27°

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34

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43



COLUMNIST URGES CALLING SOUTH AFRICA'S BLUFF

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 10 Dec 83 p 31

[Commentary by Gwen Lister:

[Text]

1983 is drawing to a
close and the Namibia
question is no nearer to a
settlement than it ever
was. In fact, it is the opin-
ion of most observers that
‘an internationally-super-
vised election is an unlike-
ly prospect in the near
future.

The why’s and wherefore’s
are many, and have been
dealt with at length on many
occasions, and the question
facing the country at present
is how to find a way out of
this predicament and succeed
in achieving the implemen-
tation of urity Council
Resolution 435.

Yet another question
which must be raised,
presuming that the country is
united in a call for the im-
plementation of the said
Resolution, is whether the
South African Government
would in fact take cognisance
of the wishes of the people of
the territory.

Up until now, many parties
in the country (and they
represent the majority) have
called for the implementation
of Resolution 435. Others
have made their agreement
conditional, and a few have
rejected it outright.

But the situation has
changed. Parties which
previously called for the im-
plementation of this Resol-
ution, have now allied them-
selves with other political

28

“Why Trust South Africa Now?"]

parties not in favour. of
implementation. So what is
their position now?

NO ATTEMPTS TO.
REVIVE IT

Parties such as Swanu,
Swapo D and the Damara
Council, previously vehe-'
ment in their calls for an
election in'terms of Resol-
ution 435, have now made
themselves sien atory to a
statement which says little
more than condemning
Resolution 435 as being
dormant or even dead, but
have done little themselves:
in an attempt to revive the
said Resolution.

In the context of the multi-
party conference, they have
not even attempted to con-
vince other groups, such as
the DTA,’ the Liberation
Front and the National Par-
ty, that Resolution, 435
(although perhaps not

perfect) is still the best-solu-
tion for the Namibia pro-
m.

It does not help to take the
attitude of “well, we are in
favour of Resolution 435, but
it seems to be on the rocks, so
let us think of alternatives’’,
and one gains the impression
that their attitude is one of
passive acceptance, that 435
is dead, and that not even
their efforts will revive it.

The National Party of
course, remains unalterably

NAMIBIA


ZAMBIA

CONSUMERS SEEK REVOCATION OF ROP PRODUCTS' PRICE INCREASES
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Dec 83 p 2

[Text] ZAMBIAN consumers have called for an immediate revocation of the in-
creased prices of ROP products such as cooking oil and soap.

Making the call in Lusaka yesterday, chairman of the Consumers Protective As-
sociation of Zambia (CPAZ) Mr Ngenda Sipalo described the price rises announced
by an Indeco spokesman as "sheer exploitation of the worst order."

The increases, effective from last Monday, indicated that a five-litre tin of
cooking oil has gone up by 42.2 percent now selling at K14.15 instead of K9.85.

The spokesman said the price hike on cooking oil had been necessitated by high
production costs and the handling and distribution charges of the Zambia Na-
tional Wholesale and Marketing Company (ZNWMC).

Other ROP products whose increased prices met with extreme indignation from
the consumers were edible fats like Spring Packets and Buttercup, detergents,
toilet and hard soaps, toothpaste and shampoos.

The Times of Zambia came up with a strongly-worded opinion that did in no way
support the reasons advanced by Indeco in its attempt to justify the rates.

Yesterday Mr Sipalo came into the Times of Zambia office in Lusaka to disown
the price hikes and said: "We strongly feel that Indeco must revoke these
prices."

The new prices were "untimely and inopportune" considering that the national
budget was almost a month away and Christmas was round the corner.

Of the reasons advanced by Indeco that prices were hiked because ZNWMC was
meeting handling charges for distributing ROP products, Mr Sipalo said this
was completely uncalled for.

If this was the case then ROP must resume distributing its goods instead of
passing the burden on to innocent consumers.

87



The banking system is also in a crisis, illustrated by the virtual bankruptcy
of the national development bank, which plays a central role in the economy.
The press recently reported that unrecovered debts to the banks stand at 15
million dollars, a considerable sum in Upper Voltan terms.

“The arrival in power of the CNR has resolved nothing," one economic expert
said here. . Business circles, hit by government campaigns against "profiteers"
of earlier regimes, populist measures and above all the extensive purge of
civil servants and the nomination of young and inexperienced people to key
posts in the economy, "think it prudent to wait and see how things develop,"
he added.

The figures speak for themselves, informed sources said. Between September
1982 and September 1983 imports fell by 50 percent. But the authorities, con-
scious of the effect of this phenomenon on their tax revenue, have been quick
to woo business circles, stressing repeatedly that there is no question of a
centralised. economy and that the private sector has its place in the revolu-
tion.

Finance Minister Damo Justin Barro has been holding "explanatory" meetings
with the private sector, and a campaign to mobilise traders is under way,
backed up by banners and mass gatherings.

An-interministerial committee is also considering ways to stimulate the
economy. Steps being studied include easing regulations, notably fiscal ones.

"The attitude of business circles, particularly traders, will be decisive,"

said-a government source who denied any idea of "radicalisation." The slight
increase in imports in October is viewed as encouraging, even if it is still
difficult to say whether it is a fundamental move or simply the replenishing

of stocks.

cso: 3400/477

82



and bring these here for the use of the
people and their government. It is true

of course that there are Other sources of
funding which may be available to supple-
ment this main source of foreign exchange,
ie. from aid (loans and grants), remi-
tances from Gambian nationals from abroad,
and injections of such funds from private
commer¢ial groupings and non-governmental
philanthropic-orgamisattions operating inthis
country. The needs of this country for
consumer and capital goods have increased
several fold especially with the onset of
full-fledged development planning and the
resultant changing consumer consumption
patterns throughout the country. But the
loans and the various imports have all to
be repaid in the reverse direction in pre-
cious currency.

One can therefore see why this, item, inthe
aftermath of recent crop failures and low
world market prices, as well as the crunch
from the international sources of finance
and aid, because of world-wide recession
and high interest rates in world capital
markets, has increasingly become scarce.
It has therefore become of paramount im-
portance to conserve our foreign exchange
holdings in the interest of all our people.
Certain things are basic. Loans have to
be repaid in foreign exchange. Food imports
have to be paid for, also in foreign ex-
change. So also the various sundry goods
and capital items, which have to be paid
with this same precious foreign exchange.

Under these circumstances, one has to re-
cognise our leaders' injunction to cut our
coats according to our size. But that is
the problem. Because of the activities of
a few operators and their collaborators,
our country may not have been cutting its
coat according to its size. In fact, what
is known as the deterioration in the terms
of trade, which means that we are paying
more for manufactured goods we import and
receiving, at an ever increasing rate, less
and less in comparative terms for the ex-
port of our primary produce, has also con-
tributed to this situation. There is an
imbalance and the imbalance is ever increa-

10



BISHOP TUTU PREDICTS BLEAK YEAR OF CONFRONTATION AHEAD

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Dec 83 p 2

[Article by Sam Mabe]

[Text]

cso:

BISHOP Desmond Tutu, of the South African Council of Churches, has
predicted that the year 1984 is going to see intensified worker resistance,

State and church confro

blasts. .

Speaking earlier this
week before leaving for
the USA. where he is to
receive an honorary
doctorate, the bishop
predicted a bleak year
for blacks, whom he said
should expect more
forced removals, a rise
in transport costs and an
increase in the general
sales tax.

He said a rise ‘in the
cost of Jiving would be.
influenced by the price
of gold which has not
gone up in the past few
weeks. This, he added,
could increase tension in
the townships.

Bishop Tutu said
South Africa, enjoying’
the support of the US
Government, will con-
tinue bullying southern
African states following
the pattern of the Israeli
Government...

With the Reagan ad-
ministration having up
to the end of the year in
power, the end of 1984
will certainly find South

Africa still firmly settled '

in Namibia. The bishop’
said it would be a re-
markable performance

3400/476

on the part of South Af-
tica if she were to move
out of Namibia in 1984.
He added that the
South African Govern-

ment had become in- .

transigent over Namibia
because the US Govern-
ment was providing ‘her
with excuses to drag her
feet and delay a settle-
ment.

The year- will start
with the publication of
the report of the Eloff
Commission of Inquiry
into the SACC and that
may set the scene for a
continuing feud between
the State and the
church.

There would be some
areas if which the
churches will find it dif-
ficult to limit themselves
to:making public
statements of condem-
nation only. The bishop
predicted firm church
action on matters relat-
ing to the Mixed Mar-
tiages Act, conscien-
tious objection, forced
removals and the Nami-
bian atrocities.

Trade unions will
grow in strength and ef-
fectiveness and will be

52

tation and an increase in the number of bomb

subjected to close atten-
tion by the authorities.
The United Democratic
Front (UDF) is also
going to show increasing
strength and to a lesser
degree, the National
Forum.

The violence similar
to that which claimed
five lives at the Univer-
sity of Zululand in Oc-
tober. may repeat itself
unless a lot of under-
standing and restraint is
shown. :

Bishop Tutu said
authorities would have
to appoint blacks who
are much more rep-
resentative in the com-,
munity to serve on the
councils of black univer-
sities. Staff composi-
tions at the universities
should also show that
the’ universities: are, in-
deed, black institutions.

Bishop Tutu also said
he did not think that
people elected to serve
in local governments un-
der the Black Local
Authorities Act would
respond to calls by some
sections of the com-
munity to resign,

SOUTH AFRICA



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

SPLINTER UNIONS URGED TO MERGE--The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions [zcTu]
has again called on splinter unions to merge to form a single trade union for
each industry. According to the ZCTU publicity and information secretary,
Comrade (Elfidio Zvobgo), no splinter union will be allowed to attend the or-
ganization's congress to be held later this year. Comrade (Zvobgo) said the
splinter unions will be called to discuss their differences, and if no agree-
ment is reached the ZCTU will take control of the unions until the differences
are resolved. [Text] [MB080730 Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT

8 Jan 84]

YOUTH, WOMEN'S CONGRESSES OPEN--The ZANU-PF Manicaland Provincial Youth and
Women's League Congresses began in Mutare this morning. The congresses were
officially opened by the deputy prime minister, Comrade Simon Muzenda, who told
the delegates that ZANU-PF is the custodian of the Wishes and aspirations of
the majority, of which the youth and women forma large part. Comrade Muzenda
said the government attaches great importance to the role of youth and women in
the development of Zimbabwe, as evidenced by the creation of the Ministries

of Youth, Sport and Culture and Community Development and Women's Affairs. He
said the ZANU-PF Central Committee is anxiously watching the development of the
Youth and Women's League, which formed the backbone of the liberation struggle
and are the spearhead in the establishment of socialism in Zimbabwe. The
deputy prime minister reminded the delegates that the provincial congresses are
in preparation for three national congresses to be held this year. He therefore
urged them to choose leaders who are immune to the vices of corruption, section—
alism, arrogance and opportunism. The ZANU-PF Central Committee has declared
the following dates for the national congresses: 15 to 18 March, National
Council for Women's League Congress; 24 to 27 May, Youth League Congress; and

8 to 12 August, National People's Congress. [Text] [MBO71254 Harare Domestic
Service in English 1115 GMT 7 Jan 84]

cso: 3400/486 END

94



FORMER OFFICIAL REPORTEDLY FLEES FOR HIS LIFE

London AFRICA NOW in English No 31, Nov 83 p 44, 46-47

[Article by Richard Carver]

[Text]

Until a few weeks ago Augustine
Tumusiime-Rukwira was the top
government official responsible for running
Kampala. As District Commissioner, he
was appointed by President Milton Obote
and worked as part of the President’s
office, responsible to Obote himself. As
chairman of the Kampala security and
intelligence committees he held one of the
most sensitive security posts in the country.

Then, in mid-August, Tumusiime-
Rukwira disappeared. There was
speculation in the press and questions were
asked in parliament. In October he turned
up in London, He has an extraordinary tale
to tell. Not only does he add to existing
accounts of army indiscipline and brutality;
but his case also shows that the last vestiges
of political freedom are fast disappearing.

Tumusiime-Rukwira was given such a
senior and trusted post because he was a
long-time and loyal member of Obote’s
Uganda People’s Congress (upc). Indeed,
his testimony is all the more telling because
he has not gone over to any of the
opposition groups, but still regards himself
as a UPC member.

Tumusiime-Rukwira. joined the upc in
April 1967, during Obote’s first period of
government. He remained in the country
throughout the Amin years and gave up his
post as a magistrate to stand as a UPC
candidate in the 1980 general election. He
fought Mpigi North-West constituency, in
Buganda, though he’ is from Western
Uganda himself. Evaristo Nyanzi, the
Democratic Party candidate, won the seat
and Tumusiime-Rukwira was given the
Kampala post as consolation after a well-
fought campaign.

What led to his downfall was his repeated
opposition to excesses by members of his
own party. Tumusiime-Rukwira says that
there are two underlying causes of
insecurity in Kampala. One is the
indiscipline and violence of the army. But

73

the other is the fact that the headquarters of
the UPC and the seat of government are in
the heart of Buganda, where people are
largely hostile to Obote and his party.

This problem dogged the first Obote
administration in the 60s and was an
important factor in the success of Idi
Amin’s military coup. Second time round
Tumusiime-Rukwira saw the need to win
the Baganda over by providing efficient and
impartial administration. But the upc
leadership and many of the party — the
bulk of them non-Baganda — behave like
an occupying force, he says, punishing the
Baganda for their failure to support the
right party.

Two specific incidents were Tumusiime-
Rukwira’s undoing. The first was a
shooting in March at a political rally in
Bwaise in Kampala North constituency in
which 26 people died, including three
policemen. The group responsible for the
killings had first been to Tumusiime-
Rukwira’s house in Najjanankumbi on the
outskirts of the capital and killed a security
guard.

The speaker on the rostrum when the
killers attacked was Haji Bisase, the UPC
chairman for Kampala North, but he was
not harmed. In a confidential letter to the
permanent secretary at the Ministry of
Internal Affairs, Tumusiime-Rukwira said
that Haji Bisase ‘‘could have a lot to
explain about the serious acts committed by
the unknown thugs."”

In the letter, a copy of which went’ to
Vice-President Paulo Muwanga,
Tumusiime-Rukwira details how the
Kampala North chairman had failed to
cooperate with him in curbing excesses by
party members. He had fixed a number of
meetings but Haji Bisase had failed to turn
up to any of them.

Concern focused on the activities of the
UPC youth wing: ‘‘All chiefs in the area had
complained that the Youth of North

UGANDA



TSUMEB CORPORATION TO CLOSE COPPER MINE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 8 Dec 83 p 1

[Text]

cso:

TSUMEB CORPORATION _ Limited.
today unexpectedly announced it was
shutting its Matchless mine near
Windhoek “due to the depressed state of
the markets for copper and lead.”

The mine is about 30km granted special benefits in-
west of Windhoek. cluding a “liberal period of

Rationalisation of TCL notice and a relocation al-
will lead to the retrench- Jowance which facilitates
ment of 920 employees. their return to their place

It forms part of ageneral of origin.”
rationalisation of TCL’s “They “are also being
activities in Namibia, a granted ample time to stay
statement by the mining in Company accomodation
comapany’s head office in while seeking alternative
Tsumeb said. employrnent.”

The Tsumeb statement The Corporation had
said Matchless was the sm- _ maintained “full employ-
allest_and most expensive ment” over the past three
of TCL’s four production years despite “significant
units. losses.”

“The rationalisation will These losses had been
enable the Corporation to financed by a R20m
maintain 2 marginally shareholder _contribution
decreased rate of produc- and a similar amount
tion without having to un- through “overseas bank
dertake further — foans.
economies,” it added. .

Those retrenched from But “due to high interest
TCL’s 6 500-strong rates and the discouraging
workforce would . be outlook for metals’ prices

3400/427

34

and demand the Corpora-
tion recognises that it
would be imprudent to bor-
row additional funds.”

Continued depressed
world demand for copper
and lead, and low prices
could threaten TCL’s long-
term financial condition
unless protective measures
were taken.

The possibility of
government assistance had
been explored.

However, “while sym-
pathetic and concerned,
the government and the
Corporation agree that in-
tervention at this stage is
difficult to jpstify.”

The statement. listed the
declining world prices for
copper and lead since
1978.

Copper had dropped
from R2 210 to R1 790 a
ton in‘ January this year,
and lead from R1 070 to
R470 — at constant 1983
prices!

NAMIBIA
4



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL COMMENT ON FOREIGN, DOMESTIC TOPICS

New PFP Policy
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Nov 83 p 10
[Editorial "A Complete Turnabout"]

[Text] With the policy statement by Dr Van Zyl Slabbert, leader of the
Progressive Federal Party [PFP] and with the unanimous decision of the
PFP-convention on Saturday to participate "constructively" in the
constitutional order, the official opposition has undertaken an entirely new
course of action. Seldom if ever has a South African political party made
such a turnabout.

Instead of the almost fatal boycott-policy which his party has followed
since the establishment of the President's Council and for which he has been
chastized mercilessly, Dr Slabbert now comes and asks his followers to
participate "positively and constructively" in the new order--even in the
President's Council.

That ultimate realistic policy--even if the result of necessity--is to be
welcomed.

In the end, Dr Slabbert could do nothing else. He simply had to reconsider
after such a large portion of his supporters--some estimate as high as 30%--
voted yes in the referendum.

ny
Apparently Dr Slabbert and the convention delegates had already realized that
something drastic had to be done to stop the erosion in the PFP and that a
standpoint had to be adopted to ensure that the wayward yes-voters would ‘not
be permanently alienated from the party.

In the weekend, Dr Slabbert gave strong leadership in this direction, but in
doing so he admitted in so many words that he and his group of leaders had
completely gotten off track. We believe he has now done something he was
forced to do by the voters in spite of his own wishes and judgment. He
would only have destroyed his party further if he had not accepted the
decision of the majority by trying from now on to make the best of the new
situation.

46



South Africans who resoundingly said yes to a social orier which opens the
door to new points of view in national relations would obviously welcome the
elimination of obstructions to natural interaction between South Africans and
their Chinese friends. This should be an impetus to the Government to do
right away what is right in moral and other regards.

U.S. Government Attitude
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 22 Nov 83 p 18
[Editorial:. "Reason to Defend South Africa"]

[Text] For the second.time in a week, the American government has requested
in the UN that South Africa be given the chance and the time to bring about
peaceful change. This is encouraging for South Africa, in view of the growing
pressure from the left in that country to even impose sanctions against the
republic. .

But it is also important to South Africa in another regard. The policy of
"constructive involvement" has always had the condition that there must be
signs in South Africa of advancement on the road to a better, more just
social order. Now that the white voters have overwhelmingly said yes to
reform. in the referendum, the American government has a reason to defend and
support South Africa.

This process works in both directions. . A positive attitude and confidence
elicits a positive-reaction and confidence. The best example of this in
recent ‘time was the positive speech given by Mr Lawrence Eagleburger,

American undersecretary of state, in San Francisco before the referendum. In
that speech he said among other things that the new South African constitution
is "the first step being taken to extend national political rights to others
than the white minority",.and he also acknowledged other steps such as the
extension of home ownership, union rights and more and improved education.

This positive attitude of the American government has not only led to a
better feeling between the two governments, but also in all likelihood had a
positive effect on the referendum. This was the-antithesis of all the
negative destructive criticism from the left. In that way, we believe, the
American policy was helpful in bringing South Africa closer to a solution of
its problems.

12571
cso: 3401/27

51



In addition to accepting the reality of the situation and adjusting his
polcies accordingly, Dr Slabbert admitted something: significant. He stated
that the large yes-vote was a mandate for reform rather than support for the
particulars of the new constitution.

In doing so, Dr. Slabbert put a feather in the cap of the National Party and
its supporters in the campaign for a yes-vote, since this means that he
recognizes that most white voters have greater confidence in the Government's
plans for reform than in the propaganda.of the PFP that this would be mere
"reform for show".

Only time will tell how Dr Slabbert and the PFP.will fare in their new roles.
They will be watched with great anticipation.

New White Paper on Education
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 24 Nov 83 p 26
[Editorial: "Education"]

[Text] In the Government's white paper on provision of education which was
issued yesterday, no doubt is left about at least one thing. The Government
is quite serious about working toward a system in which all disadvantages and
inequalities in the education of all races will be eliminated.

That this will be no simple task will be admitted by all who reasonably
consider the implications of this effort. First of all, the Government does
not have. unlimited funds at its disposal to create ideal conditions as it
were overnight, and secondly there are not enough persons educated for the
task.

It is laudable that the Government nevertheless has made improvement of
education for all of us its goal. Unfortunately this is an effort which
apparently is being misconstrued intentionally and with clear political
motives by those who already began to rally against the white paper yesterday
as one more confirmation of apartheid.

It would be a shame if we are unable to make education less of a political
toy.. In the long run this will only be to the detriment of South Africa and
all its people. And that in a period in which one of the most important
priorities is the educational uplifting of as many people as possible to help
in developing the country.

South Africa now stands on the eve of implementing a new constitutional
system, .and various aspects of the white paper indicate that the Government
has taken into consideration that any new educational system must be able to
be integrated into the new constitutional order.

It is obvious that the are also persons with good intentions who will not
agree with all of the particulars of the white paper. Among them are those

47



UGANDA

GOVERNMENT TO REDUCE EXTERNAL DEBT ARREARS
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 21 Nov 83 p 8
[Article by Peter Masebu]

[Text] THE government will within the 1983-84 fiscal year reduce its external
debt arrears by paying at least 20 million US dollars in cash.

During the same period it will increase its official reserves by at least 15
million US dollars, President A. Milton Abote, who is also Minister of Finance
announced here on Saturday.

He was launching the Revised Recovery Programme for 1982-84 period before the
UPC National Executive Committee, National Council and Parliamentary Group, at
the International Conference Centre.

The cutting down of external debt arrears and boosting of official reserves,
the President said, would be done through limiting of increases in the coun-
try's debt burden and borrowing on non~concessional terms.

Dr. Obote also told delegates, the government was seeking a rescheduling of
immediate debt servicing of bilateral loans through the Paris Club, to give
the country a debt relief.

A borrowing committee has been established in the Ministry of Finance and Bank
of Uganda to ‘review all proposed loans. "All potential lenders and borrowers
are advised that unauthorised debts will not be honoured by the government,
Dr. Obote told the meeting.

He said revised forecasts indicate an increase of more than 50 per cent in
revenue, instead of 45 per cent as earlier projected. In this case he said,
the growth rate of total expenditures, including all debt services will be
contained to about 52 per cent in order to limit the overall deficits to the
originally programme level.

The President told the delegates that higher revenues were expected to be
realised mainly because of the dual exchange rate operations, under which the
Bank of Uganda sells an average of 3 million US dollars weekly by bidding.
Publicly owned firms get the foreign currency at a cheaper rate while private
ones pay higher.

76



cso: 3400/422

86



farm work and planning future farm operations at district level, in collaboration
with all the interested technical services,

There is also a training course for model poultry farmers. "We have 11 pilot hen
houses," says Soumana Goudia, "the farmers take a 15-day course on the upkeep, orga-
nization and management of hen houses, At the end of the course, each cooperative
has one hen house with a trained model farmer ensuring that it is properly run.”

There is also a course for store managers. Eleven stores were set up in 1983. The
project made available to them a development fund in the amount of 800,000 francs,
and the farmers there obtain essential products, the list of which they draw up
themselves. At the present time stores are actually operating in Keita, Bouza,
Madaoua and Tahoua.

This training generally touches on all areas of the production project by way of the
CPT's.

The applied research section at the Tahoua agricultural production project tests
all the farm varieties in the various districts where the project is operating,
with a view to raising the yields of the main crops--millet, sorghum and beans
As Batoure Ibrahim informed us, satisfactory results have been achieved after

3 years of trials and research,

Among all the vegetable matter tested in. the regions where the project is operation-
al, conclusive results have been obtained for millet, but further efforts are needed
with regard to beans and sorghum. The vegetable matter tested at the project in-
cludes the varieties CIVT, HKP, 3/4 HR, P3 Kolo Ancoutess, GR Pl and DG Pl for
millet, TN 88-63 for beans and L30 A4 A4, Baba dia Fara for sorghum as well as lo-
cal varieties, :

To do these tests, trials proceeded with cultivation techniques and two systems for
working the land. With regard to millet, the methods tested were scarification
and cultivation without scarification, and the differences in the resulting yields
were recorded.

The scarification system for millet and plowing for sorghum did in fact result ina
difference, from the first sprouting on, as well as in a better development of the
plants-~-reflected in the yield--increasing due to greater humidity. According to
Batoure Ibrahim, all parameters on the scraped soil are satisfactory as regards
the yield of this variety." [as published]

Of course the yield depends on the kind of soil, the application and follow-up of
the systems of cultivation and also on rainfall. We should remember that the pro-
ject has 36 rainfall recording stations in all its operational regions to measure
rainfall; two of these stations are semi-automatic and simultaneously measure rain-
fall, relative humidity, wind speeds and direction, and temperatures. These de-
vices are battery operated and installed at Tahoua and Keita.

Lastly the land asset section, headed by Dr Helmut Woehl, GTZ representative at the
project, is concerned with reafforestation, the protection of crops and also with
the principal tree species of Niger and their usefulness both for the livestock and
the reafforestation of the region,

41



JPRS-SSA~ 84-008

18 January 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS
ANGOLA

Radio Cites Worldwide Condemnation of RSA
(Luanda Domestic Service, 8 Jan 83) .eseccscesesccceceece

Briefs
SRV Sends Solidarity Message
Jorge Meets British, Other Envoys
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Briefs
Bokassa Wants To Return

GABON

Results of French Journalist's Disclosures About Bongo Noted
(Martin Bennitt; AFRICA NOW, Dec 83) ..secseeereseeceeees

GAMBIA

Profiteers, Rice Smugglers Reportedly Damaging Nation's Economy
(THE GAMBIA TIMES, 10 Dec 83) .cvececeseeccceceesece .

GHANA

AFP Views Country's Economic Situation
(AFP, 29 Dec 83) cies cscs ccc ccc ccc cece cena cece ee eneee

MAURITIUS

New Alliance Government Will Reportedly ‘Brook No Nonsense!
(AFRICA NOW, No 31, Nov 83) .....-. reer reer eee eer

MOZAMBIQUE

Machel Stresses Need for U.S. Aid
(Samora Machel Interview; LE VIF, 1 Dec 83) ....sc.seeeee

13

16

18

-a- (III - NE & A = 120]



ultimately be able to contribute to the debate on reform within the party.
The government will also be very dependent on that group for support when a
program of decentralization of power to local governments and territories is

begun.

Secondly, the role of the opposition is clearer than ever before. First

and foremost it concerns the future of blacks in our politics. If the NP
can accept the fact that the English-speaking opposition is not irresponsible
in this regard, but rather has a very practical attitude, opportunities

will arise for a fruitful and dynamic interaction between the government and
the opposition.

[Caption under photograph:]. Prof Schlemmer is the Director of the Center
for Applied Social Studies at the University of Natal.

On Future Role of Colored

Johannesburg RAPPORT in Afrikaans 20 Nov 83 p 16

[Article by Gus Adams, pseudonym of a well-known colored scholar: "It is
Time for Politicians to Talk"]

Great things are in the air! Discussions everywhere. Left, right, center.
It is in Pretoria, Durban, Capetown: everyone wants to have his say. About
what? To decide whether referendums will be held, to decide what everyone
knows has already been decided for a long time.

Who's kidding whom? ‘Two points are crystal-clear: The new constitution
will be implemented. Point number two: all the colored political parties
will participate. You don't have to be a genuis (or even a politician) to
draw the necessary conclusions from that.

It is quite interesting to see that the newspapers which so zealously
campaigned for a no-vote now are beating the drums for brown and Indian
referendums. While they missed the bet with the whites, they now get two
new chances with the coloreds and the Indians. But whether such politicking

will yield anything for us is another matter. )

Let us leave that aside. This column does not wish to get bogged down in
such fruitless discussion. It is now time again for us to remind our
politicians that politics involves matters touching on the vital interests of
the people. We want to hear what they have to tell us about the issues of

the day.

What is their policy on matters such as housing, employment programs,
participation in unions, transportation between home and workplace, health
and education?

I want to elaborate on one example. One of the "individual matters" which will
fall under the authority of the Colored Chamber is health. Among other ,

64



All of this is just an aside. Mauritius is also of great importance to
South Africa as a landing place for its airplanes to and from Australia.

For South Africa, this country is also a desirable link to the Third World,
from which we have become totally isolated, with few exceptions (an embassy
in Malawi and a trade mission in Harare).

The new rapprochement between the two countries thus should not only. be
regarded from the economic angle, but also the value it has for South Africa
to establish closer relations with a non-European country must be taken into
consideration.

Relations with Taipei
Pretoria DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 9 Nov 83 p12
[Editorail:- "A Good Friend"]

[Text] A personal note elsewhere in the newspaper reports that Dr Nak van der
Merwe, Minister of Health and Welfare, arrives in Taipei today on a visit to
the Republic of China. Another report tells of the fruitful visit of a
scholar from the University of Bloemfontein tothe island of Taiwan.

Such visits are not extraordinary or rare.. The exchange between these two
republics of politicians, scholars, businessmen and persons who influence
public opinion in every conceivable area is probably more extensive than that
between South Africa’and many Western countries, and more extensive than many
South Africans realize.

This exchange indicates.a growing friendship and a mutually enriching
relationship of cooperation and trust, rooted in.a strong aversion to
communism in both countries, similar rejection by a large number of countries
in the world, and the same commitment to economic and military readiness in
order to ensure security and stability.

The special relationship to the unusual Chinese island power--small but
tenacious--includes incalculable strategic advantages for South Africa and
its people. It is a relationship which no one who is genuinely concerned
about his country's welfare and security would ever’ wish to attack or strain

by any means.

Yet many persons are unclear or even negative about. the place of the Chinese
in South African society. Incidents such as the one last year at Harrismith
when, after a painful struggle, the decision about admitting a Chinese girl
to a white school went back and forth, and the continued existence of ‘an
offensive old Free-State law which prevents normal.relations are examples of
anachronisms which are unhealthy for the development of even closer
alliances.

50



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

LOCAL MILITIAS STRENGTHENED--The 4th interprovincial meeting of the central
zone of our country has decided to intensify the four provinces' efforts in

the fight against famine and armed and unarmed gangs. The final communique
from the meeting of Manica, Tete, Sofala and Zambezia Provinces reveals the
decision to step up the formation of local militias for self-defense in all
places of work and residence to guarantee the safety of the production sectors
and communication routes. The Sofala and Zambezia leaders, Marcelino dos Santos
and Mario Machungo respectively, and the acting Tete governor, Francisco Joao
Pateguana, have already returned to their provinces. Before leaving the city
of Chimoio, they visited the Textafrica. factory yesterday morning with the
Manica governor, Colonel Manuel Antonio. In the meeting with the Textafrica
workers, Sofala leader Marcelino dos Santos stressed once again the need for
the Mozambican people to participate in the self-defense forces to defeat
famine and armed bandits. The Textafrica workers pledged, in a message read

on the occasion, to actively participate in the struggle against famine and
armed and unarmed gangs. The message shows that as part of the struggle
against famine, this enterprise already has a 500-hectar maize farm and plans

to build a high school and a literary center. [Text] [MB090952 Maputo Domestic
Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 8 Jan 84]

ENVOY VISITS MACAU--Lopes Tembe, the ambassador of the People's Republic of
Mozambique accredited to the People's Republic of China, recently visited Macau
in the context of the strengthening of trade relations between Mozambique and
that territory, which is under Portuguese administration. During his visit to
Macau, Ambassador Lopes Tembe paid a courtesy call on (Almeida Costa), the
local. governor. Trade relations between Mozambique and Macau have been
strengthened since the last Maputo International Trade Fair, FACIM-83. The
increase in trade with Macau may solve part of our country's difficulties re-
garding basic clothing needs, following the outcome of FACIM-83. [Text]
[MB061846 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 6 Jan 84]

VIETNAMESE ENVOY CITES SUPPORT--The Vietnamese ambassador to Mozambique, Mr
(?Nguyen Ngoc Vu), said in Maputo yesterday that the people of Vietnam, Laos
and Kampuchea support the Mozambican people and the other people of the region
in their struggle to defend and consolidate their national independence and to
ensure peace, stability and prosperity. The Vietnamese diplomat was speaking
to Mozambique's news media on the occasion of the 5th anniversary of Kampuchea's
independence and the day of solidarity between the peoples of Vietnam, Laos and

24



[&nswer/ The West knows very well what -it must do, The West and the United States
know the potential of my country better than I do, I would like them to help me and
tell me what I do have. Moreover, the United States is well aware of Mozambique's
strategic importance,

[Question] Are you expecting American aid?

Lbnswer/ Since 1976 we have been inviting the United States to develop our farm
production. You will have to ask the State Department why nothing has been happen-

ing.
[Qaestion/ Amnesty International asserts that your government executes suspects
without a trial.

/Answer/ Amnesty International dislikes us because we have the courage to publish
our laws. It is true that we have the death penalty in our country. We introduced
it following public demand at-a time when the Rhodesians sent mercenaries in to kill
our people, kidnap children, rape and kill women, Other countries carry out illegal
executions. We kill according to the law.

[Question] You mean to ‘say that the Ammesty International report is wrong?

/Answer/ That is not for me to say, They have their opinion, We are inviting
Western reporters to come and-see for themselves,

11698
CSO: 3419/239

20



POPULATION STATISTICS FOR WINDHOEK PROVIDED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Dec 83 p 5

[Text]

cso:

WINDHOEK — Windhoek’s pop-
ulation has passed the 100000
mark, joining the ranks of the
world’s intermediary cities, ac-
cording to the latest figures
compiled by the Windhoek City
Council.

The estimate is 104 100. There
are 30100 whites, 23500 co-
loureds and 50500 blacks. The
Windhoek population itself is es-
timated at 36000, Khomasdal,
19700 and Katutura at 48 100.

In the 1981 official census,
whites were estimated at 29 432,
coloureds 20374 and blacks at
46 261,.a total of 96057, com-
pared with 74 349 in 1975.

The report noted that both the
number of deaths for whites
(7,14 per 1000) and coloureds
(12,4 per 1000), were lower than
the corresponding figures of 9,1
and 14,8 in South Africa in 1970.

The death rate in Katutura
remained high at 17,1 per 1000

3400/427

and was still far from the corre-
sponding figure of 14 per 1 000 of
South Africa.

This figure was lower than
the 1975 figure of 18,74 deaths,
indicating a definite improve-
ment in health conditions, the
statement added.

In 1961, there were 4597 white
pupils at. schools in Windhoek,
447 coloureds and 1 869 blacks.

In 1975, the numbers were
9 334 whites, 3 052 coloureds and
5 369 blacks. The number of
white children had declined to
8555 in 1981, coloureds rose to
4772 and blacks rose to 10 230.

Both birth and death rates
among all population groups
were declining. The result of tl
negative growth rates among
whites and the high positive
growth rates among coloureds
and blacks was ascribed to mi-
gration, — Sapa.

NAMIBIA


Destruction

Those who think that the above is idle chatter would do well to consider how
the members of the CP tried to take over the National Party [NP] while they
were still members of it. There were secret meetings, lengthy discussions to
create the impression of pure adherence to principles and selected power
showdowns with selected ministers.

But when nothing came of it, they then broke away, they attempted to destroy
their old party and offer a new political vehicle.

Old news, to be sure, but it- is news that renews itself. For the battlefield
has changed, but the tactics and approach remain the same.

Rumors

Just look at how the far-rightwingers are constantly maneuvering to obtain
new spheres of influence. The Broederbond is a recent example. Apparently
there were serious attempts to take over that organization (an abomination
to some, the holy grail of Afrikanerdom for others).

The last couple of years there were rumors that there was a quiet struggle
behind the scenes to take over the Broederbond and the Ruiterwag. Of course
it had to be a quiet struggle, since confidential organizations operate in
the wings, with muted passions, not in the floodlights of the stage.

And when it became. obvious that the far-rightwingers would not prevail? Then
came the so-called shock resignation of Prof. Carel Boshoff, along with report
that there were plans either to take over the Ruiterwag or to found a new,
alternative Broederbond.

Maneuvering

Can you discern the pattern, the philosophy that tries to take complete care
of a certain kind of Afrikaner?

Just look at the maneuvering in other Afrikaner cultural organizations to try
to carry out a coup among the officers or by obtaining a majority. Theres.
are the FAK [Federation of Afrikaans Cultural Organizations], the Rapportryers
etc. No wonder that vice-president Alwyn Schlebusch recently warned against
the tendency to displace the political battle to other Afrikaner institutions,

The last--and most amazing--one is the church. Even in that context there are
whispers of plans being made and new alignments that could arise. 2

Risks
In many areas, it is said, heads are being counted and lists of names are being

compiled. Since the referendum, the far-rightwingers have obviously been
attempting to survey their position with regard to how many, where and what

56



Constituency under the instigation of their
constituency Chairman had usurped their
powers and made their administration
difficult. The youth were collecting revenue
and handling civil cases which were
otherwise the domain of chiefs. Also, the
Divisional Police Commander. had
complained about the activities of the youth
in the division and submitted that such a
development was making police work
difficult.” .

In fact, this is something of an
understatement. Youth wingers are not
simply ‘‘collecting revenue’? but are
involved -in extortion on a grand scale,
kidnapping people and demanding ransoms
of between shs!50,000 and shs300,000. In
one month recently they are reckoned to
have pocketed at least shs10m.

The opposition Democratic Party has
claimed that the Upc secretariat has given
the youth wingers power of arrest, even
though only the police can arrest people
under Ugandan law, and Tumusiime-
Rukwira confirms this. It is also certain that
upc youth wingers in army uniform have
been setting up roadblocks. As we have
reported (May 1983) a favourite youth wing
method of torture is to tie the victim up ina
sack, pour petrol over it and set the sack
alight. The victim often escapes but with
serious burns.

Tumusiime-Rukwira continued to receive
complaints fromr parish elders about youth
wingers’ extortion and their arrests and
threats against non-upc members. In May
he returned to the attack, this time in
public,

He had been invited to instal a chief in
Riubaga. area and used the occasion to
remind a large rally that Uganda was a
multi-party state and that they were entitled
to join any one of four legal political
parties.

“I made it clear that there was no specific
law that prevented anyone from belonging
to any political party or forcing someone to
join the upc in order to remain safe or
secure.””

The speech was reported in the Pilot
newspaper and Tumusiime-Rukwira was
hauled up in front of Cris Rwakasiisi, the
Minister of State in the President’s office.
Rwakasiisi was furious. ‘‘He said | was on
the side of the Baganda and that I should
tell them what to do in my capacity as Dc
instead of letting them tell me. He said 1
was acting as a non-UPC supporter and that
I should withdraw my statement."*

Tumusiime-Rukwira’s retraction was
duly published in the Pilot but the
harassment and threats against him had
already begun. After the attack on his
house in Najjanankumbi in March, he had
approached the government to be allocated
an official residence nearer the centre of
town where he would be safer. He was told
to go to the Departed Asians’ Property
Custodian Board which allocated him a
house in Lumumba Avenue.

74

After he had paid an advance of rent, but
before he had moved in, Tumusiime-
Rukwira was told that the house had been
reallocated to the Ministry of Defence,
headed by Vice-President Muwanga.

In July Tumusiime-Rukwira was
allocated another house, 18 Old Kampala
Road. This was dilapidated and he had to
do extensive repairs at his own expense.

On the morning of August 8, shortly
after he and his family had moved in, four
soldiers arrived at the house. In command
was Staff Sergeant Fakir, a bodyguard of
the Vice-President, who told Tumusiime-
Rukwira that Muwanga had said he should
vacate the hoyse immediately.

The District Commissioner showed them
the allocation documents and receipts for
the money he had spent. The soldiers left.

Later, when Tumusiime-Rukwira had
gone to work, Fakir came back, this time
with 12 men. Tumusiime-Rukwira returned
to find them surrounding the house with
anti-tank guns and. rocket-propelled
grenades.

He told them to wait and went to the
Custodian Board to check if the house had
been allocated to Defence. It had not,
which seemed to confirm Tumusiime-
Rukwira’s suspicion that this was simply
freelance banditry on Fakir’s part. So he
went on to the army headquarters where he
got a letter saying that any claim to the
house should be dealt with by the army
command, Fakir threw away the letter and
said again that he was acting on Muwanga’s
orders.

Tumusiime-Rukwira went to the army
headquarters again and returned with two
officers. When the soldiers said that they
were acting under orders from the Vice-
President, the officers said that there was
nothing they could do.

Finally, after three attempts, Tumusiime-
Rukwira got to see Muwanga. The Vice-
President confirmed that the soldiers had
been acting on his orders and added: ‘If.
you put up any more resistance | have
‘ordered my men to deal with you.” -

Tumusiime-Rukwira left his house and
moved with his large family into a small,
two-roomed house. .

At 6.00 the next morning he got a phone
call warning that he was about to be
arrested. He had scarcely left the house
when a land rover full of soldiers arrived,
led by Fakir. The District Commissioner’s
two police guards were disarmed and
arrested and the soldiers went into the
house. They searched the house, questioned
his family and looted his property. Then
they went outside and opened fire.

Tumusiime-Rukwira remained in hiding,
watching. The soldiers released the two
policemen and drove off.

Tumusiime-Rukwira wrote to Obote,
explaining that his life was in danger and
asking for protection. There was no reply.

His wife: got a message that now



MULTI-PARTY GROUP:

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Nov 83 p 11

[Text]

cso:

WINDHOEK. — An

yesterday
to deliberate on the
stage reached by inter-
national efforts to take
the territory to indepen-
dence.

The privately initiat-
ed multi-party confer-
ence opened in Wind-
hoek on Saturday with a
public session in which
the party leaders stated
their intention to re-
solve SWA’s constitu-
tional, political and so-
cio-economic problems.

Emphasis was given
to the harmful effects of
political uncertainty and
frustration caused by

negotiations
internationally to imple-
ment United Nations
Security Council Resol-
ution 435, which speci-
fies practical steps re-
quired to grant SWA in-
ternationally recognised
independence. 7

3400/430

INDEPENDENCE NOWHERE IN SIGHT

“Independence is no-
where in sight,” said the
leader of the SWA Nat-
ional Union, Mr Moses
Katjiuongua.

Almost all the out-
standing issues of dis-
pute in UN Resolution
435 were reportedly
cleared up after a visit
to Southern “Africa in
August by the UN Sec-
retary-General, Mr Jav-
ier Perez de Cuellar.

But Black Southern
African Frontline state
leaders have —_con-
demned the United
States and-South Africa
for insisting on the with-
drawal of Cuban sol-
diers from Angola as a
Prerequisite for the ter-
Titory’s independence.

Frontline _ presidents
said in a weekend state-
ment the linkage of the
two issues was delaying
the SWA independence

"settlement.

Sources at the Wind-
hoek multi-party con-
ference said the first
item on — yesterday’s

agenda concerned nego-
tiations conducted by
the five-nation Western
contact group — the
US, Britain, France,
Canada and West Ger-
many — to implement
Resolution 435. .
Political groupings in
the territory which sent
delegates to the opening
session of the multi-par-
ty conference on Satur-
day were Sanu, the

Damara Raad, the Na-

mibian Christian Demo-
cratic Party, the Reho-
both Liberat Front,
Swapo Democrats, the
SWA National Party
and the 11 member par-
ties of the Democratic
Turnhalle Alliance.

The SWA NP leader,
Mr Kosie Pretorius, said
in a statement yesterday
his party — which con-
trols the Legislative As-
sembly for Whites —
would take-a final deci-
sion on participation in
the multi-party confer-
ence at a SWA NP ex-
ecutive meeting to be
held today. — Sapa.

NAMIBIA


ZAMBIA

SIDO TO HELP BUSINESSMEN OBTAIN COMMERCIAL BANK LOANS
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 13 Dec 83 p 7

{Text] THE SMALL Industries Development Organisation (SIDO) has pledged to
help Zambian businessmen obtain loans from commercial banks for setting up
manufacturing industries.

SIDO director and chief executive, Dr Chilelebwe Ng'andwe said in Solwezi
yesterday that SIDO would assist any small-scale entreprenuer whose projects
proved economic and financially viable.

Dr Ng'andwe was addressing heads of government departments, parastatals and
councillors in the Boma conference hall.

The SIDO chief said his organisation would approach the Bank of Zambia to
change the loan security demands by commercial banks.

"We want banks to look at the viability of the project as security and not
assets."

He explained that his organisation would only consider to assist those indus-
tries whose products were in line with the national aspirations.

He said for example that SIDO would like more hammer mills established in
villages to discourage people trekking to towns to buy mealie-meal.

SIDO would also encourage the establishment of industries in wood, leather and
processing of agricultural produce.

Dr Ng'andwe said SIDO would also like to see district councils assume total re~
sponsibility in organising physical structures where industries should be
established.

He added that the organisation would conduct seminars, workshops and training
courses for small-scale industrialists in villages as well as in towns.--Zana.

CSO: 3400/422

92



But, remembering the fate of Luong and
others, does he not feel somewhat nervous?
“T hope that I will not have cause to be
afraid,” he said. ‘There was a lot of
pressure from Libreville beforehand, start-
ing with appeals to reason and going on to
offers of money and then the blackmail
over Jean-Marc Ekoh. But I was: not
threatened personally and up to now, as far
as I know, sentences against Ekoh and other
MORENA imprisoned members have not
been extended.” ay

In fact, Affaires Africaines was originally
going to be a review of the whole gamut of
Franco-African relations, but the Gabonese
chapter turned out to be a book in itself.
But Péan is not thinking of.a sequel just
yet. ‘I've stirred up such a hornets’ ‘nest
with this book, I’m leaving Africa alone for .
a bit,” he said @ ‘

cso: 3400/440



CSO:

3400/424 &.

Tumusiime-Rukwira was wanted dead or
alive. Again soldiers visited his home and
office and left a message’ that he-should
contact the Vice-President. This time he did
not.

Tumusiime-Rukwira managed to get
hold of air tickets for Nairobi and London.
Just in time he was warned that intelligence
knew of his plans and that six officers were
waiting on the Entebbe road to arrest him
on his way to the airport. He got out of the
country by another route.

His wife, sister and driver were arrested
and taken to the notorious Nile Mansions,
headquarters of military intelligence, for
questioning. His wife and sisters were later
teleased, but his driver, Abdu Musonera, is
still being held. At one point he was in
Makindye barracks and is now in
Wandegaya police station.

There was some public concern over
Tumusiime-Rukwira’s disappearance, but
this was deflected by Vice-President
Muwanga’s personal assurances of his
“‘friend’s”’ safety.

The opposition Democratic Party raised
the question that if a prominent UPC
member and direct representative of the
President could be subjected to this sort of
mistreatment, who was now safe?

‘The warning was timely. Since then eight
Democratic Party officials have been
charged with sedition for publishing a story
in the weekly Munnansi News Bulletin
claiming that starving prisoners in Luzira
prison were being forced to donate blood to
the nearby military hospital.

One senior Minister has warned: ‘‘If we
have to fight to retain power we shall do
$0.”

At the same time Augustine Tumusiime-
Rukwira, the most senior UPC figure to
warn against one-party dictatorship, has
been hounded out of the country. Uganda’s
few remaining democratic freedom seem to
be vanishing fast @

75



UPPER VOLTA

AFP VIEWS COUNTRY'S 'DETERIORATING' ECONOMIC SITUATION
AB110950 Paris AFP in English 0929 GMT 11 Dec 83
[By Philippe Mudry]

[Text] Ouagadougou, 11 December (AFP)-~Upper Volta's radical new leadership
is trying to turn around the crippled economy of this West African state, by
convincing businessmen that market economy and populist revolution are not
incompatible, ,

The National Revolutionary Council [CNR], headed by Captain Thomas Sankara,
inherited an extremely worrying economic situation when it took power last
August. According to business circles the economy had been deteriorating
since 1980 in Upper Volta, one of the poorest countries in the world with
an output per capita of just 210 dollars last year.

The country is scarcely equipped to face up to this situation. Landlocked,
90 percent rural and without significant mineral wealth, its foreign trade
shows an all but unavoidable deficit--more than 125 million dollars in 1982--
which wage transfers from citizens working abroad, notably in neighbouring
Ivory Coast, cannot make up. In addition, the state does not have the neces—
Sary resources to develop the country because of drop in tax revenue. This
year again it will be unable to balance its budget, in spite of French and
Algerian loans amounting to 1.4 million dollars. Another loan, of unspeci~
fied size, is currently being negotiated with the international monetary fund,
an informed source said here.

A result of these loans is a spectacular rise in the amount needed to service
the foreign debt, which has trebled in 4 yéars, the source said. It will reach
3.2 million dollars in 1984, and the next budget currently being drawn up will
be 10 percent larger, aiming to balance revenue and expenditure at around 145
million dollars.

For businesses the fall in economic activity has brought dismissals and lay-
offs, as well as a sharp deterioration in their financial position. The state
is partly blamed because of its debts to various companies, which business
circles say had scarcely been reduced from the 12.5 million dollars of last
February.

81



CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS

BOKASSA WANTS TO RETURN--At Hardricourt on Tuesday, 6 December, the former emperor
told AFP that he would like to stay in France but that, in case the Government did
not want him to, he did not wish to leave for “exile” again but wanted "to return
to his country to stand trial," He also asserted that he no longer claimed French
citizenship, Incidentally, at Bangui several former collaborators of the deposed
sovereign (including Joseph Potolot, ex-minister) have been questioned for "spread-
ing false news,", Henri Dondra, president of the Association of Parents of Martyred
Children (the children massacred in 1979), stated that the publicity about Bokassa's
return to France is an offense against the memory of the school children who fell
victim to the imperial-regime. On 23 December 1980 the Criminal Court sentenced
Bokassa to death in absentia, /Text/  /Paris, LE MONDE in French 8 Dec 83 p 8/
11698

CSO: 3419/239



UGANDA

DIVERSIFYING EXPORTS TO REDUCE DEPENDENCE ON COFFEE
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 18 Nov 83 p 3
[Article by J. Ochieng]

[Text] The government is now studying various areas of diversifying exports
in order to reduce dependency on coffee in earning foreign exchange.

The minister of commerce, Mr. Aliro Omara, told directors of a London-based
firm, Matth Verdegaal, UK dealing in horticultural crops that grants had been
given to finance projects for diversifying the export sector "Horticultural
production is among the projects", he said.

He added that an act had been passed by the parliament for the establishment
of an Export Promotion Council Local sta[letters illegible] will be trained in
the field of export.

Mr. Omara said that other measures include strict survellance to ensure that
commodities were not smuggled to the neighbouring states.

The leader of the team Mr. John Whitechurch said they had come to find possi-

bilities of entering into joint ventures with Ugandans in growing vegetables,

fruits, flowers and other horticultural crops for export. ‘This venture has a
big potential in Uganda. It succeeded in heighbouring Kenya', he said.

He added that there were funds available in the UNDP which for such projects.
“We shall consider establishing a packing and cooling station in Uganda. It
is most likely to be sited in Kabale where the climate is favourable. The
products will then be transported to the airport", for export, Mr. Whitechurch
said.

He suggested that there should be a packing and grading centre in Kampala to
handle pawpaws, pineapples, mangoes, sweet bananas which had a big market
outside.

‘We are willint to assist in this endeavour," he said.

The managing director of Standard Distributors (U) Ltd., Mr. S. J. Batums,

said the visiting enterprernuers were Prepared to send seedlings of various
horttural crops here.

79



* ZAMBIA

KAMANGA CHARGES LDS HAS FAILED TO DELIVER SERVICES TO FARMERS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 15 Dec 83 p 1

[Excerpt] THE land development services (LDS) and the tractor mechanisation
unit of the Government have failed to deliver services to farmers, Central
Committee Member Mr Reuben Kamanga has said.

Mr Kamanga, who is Chairman of the Rural Development Sub-Committee, said in
Kitwe yesterday the two units had become a disappointment since their inception
and called for their reorganisation to improve performance.

Although they were important to the agricultural industry, they had failed to
meet farmers’ demands.

Mr Kamanga said he had already drawn the attention of Agriculture and Water
Development Minister Mr Unia Mwila to this problem.

He told newsmen in Kitwe after touring a council farm on Tuesday there had
been serious delays in providing land development services to farmers result-
ing in most of them waiting for long periods to develop their land.

Mr Kamanga urged farmers still waiting for tractor services to use oxen to
avoid delays because some types of imported tractors were not suitable for
Zambian conditions.

A considerable number of them had broken down and this had made the tractor
mechanisation unit's services unreliable.

As a result some farmers were withdrawing money they had paid for tractor ser-
vices especially in Luamshya, after discovering that the machines would not be
forthcoming.

"ZT do not want to say much on tractors we have brought in, but the tractors
have not done well because of a high rate of breakdowns, as a result a serious
shortage of tractors had been created.

Mr Kamanga was happy that farmers in Zambia had not complained about lack of
inputs.

90



Interview with Buthelezi
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 14 Nov 83 p 9

[Interview by Pieter Cronjé: “If He Could, Gatsha Would Fight Again for a
Vote of No"]

[Text] Captain Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi, head minister of the KwaZulu,

according to government policy the leader of about six million Zulus, president

of Inkatha, which claims 750,000 members, and president of the Black
Alliance, was the black leader who fought the hardest for a vote of no. He
was frequently in the news about what many interpreted as threats to whites,
Indians and coloreds, his participation, along with the Progressive Federal
Party, in the campaign for a no, and his sharp denunciation of the new
constitution. He gives his vision in this interview with PIETER CRONJE,
Editor for Southern Africa.

Captain Gatsha Buthelezi still believes that the new constitution will
increase tensions between white and black-and between black and black, but
does not intend to continue his active campaign for a no vote in the recent
referendum among the colored and Indian communities.

He also says that if he were to lead that campaign again, he would have to do
exactly the same in order to retain his credibility among the ranks of
the blacks.

He regards the new constitution as a watershed in which whites, coloreds and
Indians will collaborate to exclude blacks from the only significant kind
of say in government: decision-making in the central parliament.

Here is an edited version of the interview at Ulundi.

[Question] Where does South Africa stand and how does the future look after
the referendum?

[Answer] As someone who believes in a future brought about by negotiation
and peaceful change, I am extremely concerned. The referendum and the new
constitution thas weakened the position of leaders like me who believe in’non-
violent strategies. It has lent more credibility to my critics in the black
community who claim that problems can only be solved by violence. The
constitution excludes us and “denationalizes" us. I have nothing to‘say to’
young people who ask me what kind of future there is for negotiations.

[Question] Do you think that the colored and Indian communities will
participate?

[Answer] Undoubtedly, despite a strong opposition in both communities.

[Question] Do you intend to discourage the colored and Indian communities
from participating in the new division?

58



Certainly, all agree that the MPLA government is becoming desperate. Perhaps

in the final analysis, therefore, this is why the Soviet Union and the Angolan
Government are now accusing South Africa of manipulating and assisting in bring-
ing about the overthrow of the existing Angolan Government. We are a convenient
scapegoat for a government which is in serious trouble.

cso: 3400/485

54



NEW ALLIANCE GOVERNMENT WILL REPORTEDLY ‘BROOK NO NONSENSE’

London AFRICA NOW in English No 31, Nov 83 p 25

[Text]

The warning has already gone out to the
opposition Mauritius Militant Movement
(MMM) (especially its leader, Paul

“Bérenger) and the trade unions: the new

Alliance government in Mauritius intends
to brook no nonsensc from its opponents
during its next five years in power.

The government of Prime Minister
Anerood Jugnauth hopes that if there is
peace and stability, Mauritius will recover
from the doldrums it has now found
itself in. Jugnauth has therefore made it
clear that he would not tolerate illegal
strikes. This brings to mind the strikes of
1971, 1974 and 1979/80 which Paul
Bérenger and the MMM used as a base to
oust the government of Sir Seewoosagur
Ramgoolam in the elections of June 1982.

The Prime Minister believes such
strikes will hamper Mauritius’ much-
needed recovery. Therefore, to offset any
state of confrontation between employers
and employees, the latter will be
encouraged to take more part in the day-
to-day decision-making process in their
places of employment. The trade unions,
at the same time, will be called upon to
instill in their members the need for
order, discipline and increased
productivity.

Jugnauth said the people had given his
government a stable political platform
(through the overwhelming vote for the
Alliance) to rule for the next five years.
“What the country needs now is
industrial peace which should lead to
further industrialisation and investment,”’
the Prime Minister said.

In the past, attempts have been made
to isolate the private sector. But Jugnauth
is all for wooing this sector. He said: ‘‘In
a free country, the private sector has a
decisive role to play.””

To the electorate, Jugnauth warned:
“The population must reject the
demagogic strategy of the opposition.
Workers should not be used to defend or
promote any political ideology.

Everything should be done to protect
democracy and the people’s freedom.”
But Bérenger was not impressed. ‘‘The
government has not mentioned that it
really wants national reconciliation. The
country is divided into two and the
government intends isolating the
position. This would not work,” he

He went on: “‘If the government
continues its policy of the stick and the
carrot to get the support of the yes men,
soon there wouldn’t be enough carrots to
satisfy everyone. If the government wants
co-operation from the opposition, it

should change its tone.’”

On the part of the trade-unions, they
want to consolidate the gains ‘they have
made-during the last three years. Since
Bérenger left the unions there has not
been a strong leader of the workers. Now
the leaders of the Front Syndical de
Gauche (FSG) and the MMM-affiliated
General Workers Federation (GwF), the
leading member of the FsG, have asked
Bérenger to play a prominent role in
bringing about a strong labour movement
to fight for better conditions for workers
in the sugar estates, one of the largest
employers of labour in Mauritius.

Meanwhile, there is a heated debate
going on within the Alliance on the form
it should take. It has been proposed that
the Social Democratic Party of Mauritius
(pmsp) and the Labour Party of Sir
Seewoosagur be dissolved and their
members join the Mauritius Socialist
Movement (MsM). Sir Seewoosagur is all .
for this, but Economic Planning Minister
Boollel is opposed to such a proposal
because he hopes to become leader of the
Labour Party ext month When Sir
Seewoosagur mes President of
Republican Mauritius.

There was also strong condemnation
from Labour stalwart J.B. David. He
believed that the party was still relevant
today. ‘It represents the symbol of

MAURITIUS


cso:

3400/325

with Ojukwu’s secessionist movement.

Nor is it considered accidental that
Gowon devoted his nearly a decade of exile
to obtaining three degrees in political
science.

He belongs to a Northern minority group

from Plateau State. (This, more than any

partisan sympathy, might explain his
congratulatory message to Governor Lar in
Jos.) In terms of the basic ideological
constituency from which he could plan a
return to the politics of modern, post-
military Nigeria, his options are clearcut.
The emergence of national leadership in
1987 from among the so-called minorities is
an important factor which must be con-
sidered in the development of an ideological
position. Or he may promote himself as a
totally deregionalised figure.

Gowon has been considered the one.
minority candidate with a proveri national
vision. Many people believe that his era as
Head of State has eventually emerged as
being the best-managed period of post-
independence planning and government;
that, in spite of the civil war, it was under
his leadership that the key development
strategies, which have largely been vindi-
cated by time, were initiated. These led to
Black Africa’s best road network and a
continuing thrust towards industrialisation
which, although it has hit enormous
obstacles, continues to offer hope for a self-
sufficient national economy.

Gowon’s predilection for caution
cause him to conceal his real poli
intentions for a longer period than at first
he intended.

Certain major anomalies may have to be
resolved; his ary rank may have to be
restored to distinguish his real achievements
in the past from those of Ojukwu. In terms
of reconciliation of forces it is even more
important for future stability, that Gowon
be seen to be accepted by those serving and
retired army officers who sat in judgement
upon him and found him guilty during the
bitter days of the post-Murtala military
trials @

'y

45



The same is true of the rest of the area, the Zimbabwe and Mozambique borders
with South Africa.

Above all, the presence of terrorists and resistance movements in all four. of
the countries concerned makes this border area so sensitive.

|
It does not reduce tensions in this dangerous situation to place the blame
for every incident on South Africa, as Zimbabwe has now done once more.
Under the prevailing circumstances, the Limpopo region is a dangerous area
which can destabilize the entire district. And all four countries would
suffer. from that, our three néighboring states probably the worst.

The reasonable action would be for the four governments to come together to
try to devise a method to defuse the situation.

Relations with Mauritius
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 14 Nov 83 p 10
[Editorial:. "Mauritius and South Africa"]

[Text] With a Mauritius which even sends its Minister of Labor to South
Africa, drops its claims to Diego Garcia and admits that it is dependent on
South Africa, a new period in the relations between Port Louis and Pretoria
must begin.

To be sure, the minister in question, Mr Hérve Duval, designates his visit
as "unofficial", but it is nevertheless:one at which important matters are to
be discussed, especially concerning money.

The truth is that most things which Mauritius has to buy abroad can be bought
cheaper in South Africa than elsewhere.

Mr. Duval has even stated that he intends to ask the South African government
whether unemployed skilled workers from Mauritius, such as teachers and
masons, can come to work in South Africa on a contract basis.

In Sri Lanka, the Prime Minister of Mauritius, Mr Aneerood Jugnauth, also
said that "some" citizens of his country have already moved to South Africa.

Such things do not take place between two countries which are truly hostile
toward each other. And, besides Durban, Mauritius is certainly the South
Africans' favorite vacation spot.’ That is, of the percentage of those who can
afford to, fly there.

Mauritius' recent ouvertures are however of utmost importance for South
Africa if one considers the fact that that country is a member of the
Organization of African Unity as well as of the Commonwealth,

(It would be interesting to hear Mauritius’ standpoints at the Commonwealth
deliberations in India.)

49



STEPS TAKEN TO REHABILITATE AILING WATER SYSTEM

London AFRICA NOW in English No 31, Nov 83 p 54

[Text]

cso

Uganda has launched major plans to
rehabilitate its dilapidat water and
sewerage systems. Under the plan, to cover
both urban and rural areas and to last some
10 years, it is hoped that by the end of the
century every home will have access to
clean drinking water..

The total cost of the project is put at
around $50m, but because of rising prices,
the cost could be much higher. The
secretary of-.the National Water and
Sewerage Corporation, Ezekiel Irako, said
that a consignment of pipes capable of
covering more than 24km of the Kampala
city water network had arrived and that the
test of the consignment, financed by the
Islamic Bank, was expected later this year.

The programme of rehabilitation is being
handled by three bodies. The Kampala,
Entebbe and Jinja water and sewerage
systems fall under the National Water and
Sewerage Corporation, while the smaller
towns are the responsibility of the Ministry
of Lands, Water and Mineral Resources.
The rural water projects will be under the
Ministry of Culture and Community
Development,

The rehabilitation of the Kampala water
supply started with the repair of the pump-
ing station at Gaba water works on Lake
Victoria with financial assistance from the
European Economic Community. But
although the Gaba pumping station
supplies about 15m litres of water per day,
very little of it reaches the consumers
because of broken pipes. In effect, the
water supply has only improved marginally
over what existed in 1978, when the pump-
ing station pumped just over 4m litres per

lay.

‘Another problem is the shortage of
storage tanks and constant power failures.
The present plans for improving the water
supply put considerable emphasis on the
replacement of old pipes, construction of
adequate water storage tanks and the
installation of a standby power station.

In addition, the plan sees it as a priority
to strengthen workshops in Kampala,
Entebbe and Jinja to ensure adequate
maintenance of facilities. The distribution

3400/4244 78

of water in rural areas presents a serious
challenge to planners because problems
facing’ rural areas vary in intensity and
nature from one area to another. Karamoja
and the surrounding districts have been
identified as special cases which need urgent
attention. Emergency steps have to be taken
to sink boreholes and install water tanks.

The area needs an increase in its water
supply of up to 70% if people are to be
saved from serious water shortages. Smaller
towns need improved water systems to cater
for their growing populations. But since
over 90% of the people live in rural areas,
the plan recognises that the main task lies in
the provision of clean drinking water to
people there. This is becoming increasingly
urgent in the face of water-borne diseases,
which constantly threaten the rural
population.

The task of providing rural areas with
water involves the rehabilitation and
maintenance of natural wells and bore-
holes. At the moment, there are over 150
powered boreholes in need of repair: The
other task is the repair of an estimated
3,000 manual boreholes. Most of them no
longer function, but some: have been
repaired by the United Nations Children’s
Fund (UNICEF)

To ensure distribution of water to all
rural people, the development plan recom-
mends the setting up of rural communities
centred on water sources. There are 62
tural locations throughout the country
which have been earmarked for water sup-
ply under this proposed arrangement.

As a first step, the Ministry of Culture
and Community Development will take a
census of all water resources, including
wells and springs. It is estimated that the
country has over 10,000 springs and wells
that are potentially useful to the rural
population. These have to be maintained
and improved. The success of the project
will depend on the response of the interna-
tional community, which is expected to
finance the programme. If Uganda has to
draw on her own resources, the project will
take more than one decade @

UGANDA



sing. The balance of international trade
is not in our favour, At any moment in
time, we arenow importing more than we have
foreign exchange to pay for. .

All this. affects our credit worthiness as
anation. For no sane person will iend
you money or goods which should be paid in
foreign exchange if he has indications that
you,are having trouble discharging your
debt obligations tothe international trad-
‘ing or financial community. There is there-
fore no lack of reasons as to why every
care must be taken not to fritter away
this precious foreign exchange which we
get from our exports and other sources al-
ready named. For if due care is not taken
and we totally runout of foreign exchange,
we will be in the position of countries
which have no food for their peoples, where
starvation is the order of the day,, and
where prices of commodities on the local
markets go up astronomically.

Yet tHis nothwithstanding, there are those
who take the rice and other foodstuff bou-
ght withthis precious foreign exchange for
our people, spirit the goods in question
across our difficult-to-police borders, to
sell at astronomical profits in the neigh-
bouring countries where the price of such
goods are far higher than they are in this
liberal democratic trading nation of ours.

Militants therefore have to note the situa-
tion as a whole and judge it fully in its
perspective. Failing this will not be do-
ing justice to the importance of the sub-
ject at hand. Failing to do so will be to
fail our Gambian people time and time again.
It will mean so while our government con-
tinues in its responsible undertaking of
bringing in more and more rice at the expe-
nse of other needed imports, such as medi-
cines, school materials, agriculturai im-
plements, fuel and general goods, in order
to ensure our peopledonot lack or starve.
The great disadvantage of this situation is
that other imports can suffer: we can get
further behind inthe discharge of debt
obligations, be this commercial or official;

11



SOUTH AFRICA

UNITA SUCCESS PUTS LUANDA 'IN SERIOUS TROUBLE"
MB061857 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 6 Jan 84
[Station commentary: "The UNITA Factor"]

[Text] It has become known as the UNITA factor, and it is the issue to which
the least attention is being given as efforts continue to bring about a cease~
fire in the so-called operational area. It can virtually be said the demands
by the Soviet Union for a South African troop withdrawal from Angola, South
African and Angolan suggestions for a cease-fire, SWAPO calls for direct talks
to negotiate a cease-fire--these can all be relegated to mere academic dis-
cussion while the UNITA factor is ignored.

Foreign Minister Pik Botha put this issue into perspective today when he said
that the basic source of the conflict in Angola would not be resolved until the
Angolan Government made peace with UNITA. In the past 8 years, the power of
UNITA has escalated in leaps and bounds. In November last year, it issued a
4-mongh ultimatum to the Luanda Government: Either the MPLA initiate peace
talks leading to elections under control of the OAU or the United Nations, or
UNITA would begin directing its forces in a concerted way against the capital
city of Luanda. os

And, indeed,’ UNITA has become a formidable force. Latest estimates are that
UNITA has above 35,000 fighting men and is recruiting new troops at a rate of
2,000 a year. The resistance movement is said to control up to 40 percent of
the country, and most of Angola is today regarded as unstable. The MPLA's
military wing, FAPLA, is said to have only 33,000 men. Of course, it does have
the assistance of some 30,000 Cubans, but these characters mainly look after
key towns, leaving it to the FAPLA forces to do the risky work of seeking out
UNITA in the bush. It is an impossible task in an impossible terrain, which
in size is slightly larger than all of South Africa.

Repeatedly, UNITA leader Dr Jonas Savimbi's overtures havei-been rejected by
Dos Santos regime. Observers, therefore, believe that this could be UNITA's
final offer before Dr Savimbi goes all out for the main objective, namely con-
trol over Angola and not just the southern region.

Several African correspondents report that some frontline African state leaders
have already written off the MPLA as a reliable future partner in the region.

53



UPPER VOLTA

AFP Views Country's 'Deteriorating' Economic Situation
(Philippe Mudry; AFP, 11 Dec 83) ...ccsccecsccccccceeees

ZAMBIA
ZNUT Branch Accuses Labor Ministry of Causing Confusion
(DAILY MAIL, 14 Dec 83) ..cseeeseccscescececene sees
Mutale Says Government Should Stress Growing Group of
Indigenous Crops
(DAILY MAIL, 14 Dec 83) .. eee eee eens se eeee
Consumers Seek Revocation of ROP Products' Price Increases
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 15 Dec 83) ...... seen
Angolan Refugees Being Airlifted From Ndola Airport to Luanda
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Dec 83) ..cseseeccccecsvcccccscecee
Kamanga Charges LDS Has Failed To Deliver Services to Farmers
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 15 Dec 83) ..ccecccecccccescvsccevesoe
SIDO To Help Businessmen Obtain Commercial Bank Loans
(DAILY MAIL, 13 Dec 83) -.......000- beeen ween cenece
ZIMBABWE

Minister Inspects Restructuring Exercise
(Harare Domestic Service, 5 Jan 84) ..ccsccccsccecccvcee

Briefs
Splinter Unions Urged To Merge
Youth, Women's Congresses Open

81

83

85

87

89

90

92

93

94
94


and coveted by’ the pro-Amin group in southern
Sudan. But following Ali’s departure for a commer-
cial career (his family appears to be in Pakistan) in
the Middle and Near-East, UNRF has made an effort
to distance itself from the Amin group. The stigma
remains at least a propaganda weapon for the Ugan-
dan government.

UNRF outlook = | 4 :

The battle between: UNRF and UNLA is now in
stalemate. UNRF inevitably gets some support from
among the 300,000 Ugandan refugees and settlers in
southern Sudan, but it is isolated from the rest of
Uganda and: boxed in on: its eastern flank by the
Nile, and’ bedevilled; equally inevitably, by internal
dissension with the leadership of Amin. Onzi.

There are two connected. possibilities':for UNRF
to expand from its’ hit-and-run tactics and from its
Confinement to the’ northern swathe of West Nile
province: ‘ : :

a)A change of leadership. There is some talk that Maj. Gen.
Emilio Mondo, Idi Amin’s former secretary of defence who
broke from UNRF last-year to join the new Uganda Demo-
cratic Redemption Unit (UDRU), might usurp Amin Onzi.
Though Mondo’s association with Amin invites some criti-
cism, he-is-a popular figure in the north. More important,
from his ent base.in. Nairobi, he appears to be on'good
terms with Yoweri Museveni, leader of the. NRA. So far
contact between the NRA and UNRF have resulted only

in gestures. (We understand, for- instance; ‘that: an NRA
representative was present during UNRF's attack on. Midigo

in April).

b) Better leadership of UNRF, including liaison with the NRA
and southern Sudanese guerrillas, could enable UNRF to
establish itself on the east bank of the Nile. A ‘conceivable
grand strategy could then be to:capture Kitgum as a prelude
to linking up. with the NRA for.an assault on the strategically
placed town of Gulu. Given the incompetence of UNLA this
is not as. far-fetched as it may seem. The population on the
east bank of the Nile (Madi, Nubians and’a few. Aringa and
Acholi) would be sympathetic to such.a scheme..

Superimposed on all this, but as a result of it, are
the about 300,000 Ugandan refugees: in southern
Sudan, at least 100,000 of whom have settled there
and. are not officially registered as refugees. In
September there were 62,000 refugees registered at
Yei, 12,000 at Kajo-Kaji and 21,000 at Yei refugee
transit camp. But in the Yei river district the total
population is about 380,000 of whom only about
150,000 are Sudanese. An increasing number. of
Ugandans, especially Kakwa and. experienced trad-
ers, have integrated. with local Sudanese. Many of
them have settled: at established trading’ centres
(Morubo, Bazi and Kaya for instance); they have
also created new market-places, notably at. Panyume,
Morote and Ojiga.

From May to August, in the aftermath of the
UNRF offensive and the subsequent UNLA. repris-
als, about 10,000 new Ugandan refugees were regis-
tered monthly by the United Nations. High

70



Kampuchea support the policy of the People's Republic of Mozambique toward the
racist Pretoria regime which was reiterated in President Samora Machel's New
Year message. He added that exemplary relations exist in all fields, partic-
ularly in the fields of defense, security and economic development, between
Mozambique and the three Asian socialist countries. [Text] [MB061954 Maputo
Domestic Service in Portuguese 0430 GMT 6 Jan 84]

SA REFUGEES WOUNDED IN BLAST--The Mozambique news agency AIM reports that a bomb
attack at dawn on Wednesday, 7 December, seriously wounded two South African refu-
gees. The two men suffered severe burns, but their lives are not in danger, AIM
added. The explosion occurred in a building in the residential district of
Xipamanine, blowing out windows and'causing damage to neighboring residences. An
inquiry has begun. /Text/  /Paris LE MONDE in French 9 Dec 83 p 6/ 11698

BRITISH DROUGHT AID--The British Government has given our country additional
aid worth 250,000 pounds, about 15 million meticals, for drought victims.
The donation consists of seeds, protein-enriched foodstuffs, and means of
transportation. Previously, Great Britain offered to give Mozambique over
11,000 metric tons of foodstuffs for drought victims. [Text] [MB051012
Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0430 GMT 5 Jan 84]

cso: 3442/111

25



Rescue Front (UNRF) guerrillas in’ Aringa and
Obongi: counties of West Nile-province. Many civili-
ans were killed, villages were occupied-and in some
cases’ razed’ and: probably’ ‘séveral: thousand people
were taken‘into army-controlled camps akin to those
in Luwero district to the north: of Kampala - AC
Vol 24 No. 12. (The: ‘‘camps’’ include the hospital
at’ Yuinbe and the barracks at. Moyo, Koboko and
Lodonga). During the offensive about 25,000 Ugand-
ans crossed to Sudan as efugees. By late February
UNRF was preparing 4 Series of counter offensives.
Field: reports note UNRF attacks on the following
UNLA posts (estimated: garrison strength in paren-
theses):-

@. 12. March: Lobe (80)

@ 26 March: Oraba (200) °

@°20°April: Midigo (500) plus armoury .

@ 14 May:. Lima (na) -‘supply HQ for Bondo command area.
@-7 June: Kegbura (na) .- supply: HQ-for Moyo-command area.
@ 26 June: Goya (na)

@ 28 August: Obongi (na)

None of the above garrisons appears to have been
held: by UNRF, whose objectives were to capture
weapons and démoralise government forces. After a
fashion government forces now ‘‘hold”’ a line
roughly from Koboko via Yumbe to Obongi. The
area to the north of this line is now largely depopu-
layed. The only incident of note in the area to the
south, as far as Pakwach, was an attack in March
on the UNLA barracks at Okollo followed by UNLA
reprisals in the. locality.

UNLA’s strategy cannot be sophisticated due R
its myriad shortcomings (AC Vol 24 No 12).
cannot therefore properly control West. Nile oronines
or significantly damage UNRF. The only discernable
strategy appears to be to establish more regular
contact with Sudanese security officials, and traders,
on the Sudanese side of the. border in order to
aggravate any sanctuary UNRF has there.

Since. September last year UNLA has entered. Kaya
regularly to buy food and trade Ugandan commodi-
ties. A-number of Sudanese merchants, notably
Arabs, have established profitable trading businesses
there. A new road has been built enabling a consist-
ent flow of goods from Zaire and-Uganda to Kaya.
In December 1982 five Sudanese Arab traders were
shot dead nine miles inside Uganda from: Kaya at a
point between two UNLA posts. (Though they were
probably killed by UNLA troops, the following day
a group of Arab traders, supported by colleagues
from nearby Bazi, burned over 100. houses in. Kaya
belonging to Ugandan settlers). Clearly UNLA is.in
a position to control the considerable quantities of
coffee, whisky, cigarettes, parafin, beer,. shoes and
foam mattresses which enter Sudan from Uganda,

68



[Question] You always have to negotiate with the Prime Minister. Couldn't
your attacks on him strain future negotiations?

[Answer] Our relationship could not: be worse than it already is. We were
both created in God's image. I have the same right to attack him as he does
to attack me. I am not offensive by nature, but if I am attacked and
insulted, I will strike back.

[Question] Doesn't this put you in a more vulnerable position than other
black leaders who do not: have to negotiate with the Government?

[Answer] I do not care about them. Let them negotiate with him. I am sure
that they will come. back empty-handed.

[Question] Is Inkatha going to participate in the first-day elections for
black local governments?

[Answer] Not this time. The only reason is the Government's information
paper which implies that blacks are getting local governments in lieu of
participation in parliament. Dr Koornhoff has promised to request Minister
Chris Heunis to repudiate that standpoint. If local governments are
represented as part of constitution "package deal", we cannot be involved in
then.

[Question] Won't your support in the cities suffer if Inkatha does not
participate in local governments?

[Answer] I believe not. My support in cities and rural areas is not the
result of participation in community councils. I do not argue with those who
wish to participate nor do I insult them. I am not opposed to participation
per se.

[Question] Isn't the ANC taking over your support in municipal areas?

[Answer] Why should I say that? Inkatha's membership has increased phenomenally
in the last three years. My support has not’ decreased.

[Question] How do you feel about the criticism of Inkatha in the black
community following the occurrences at the University of Zululand?

[Answer] Was there criticism in the black community? I only know of criticism
by our political enemies like the United Democratic Front, the Azanian Student's
Organization and consciousness groups who attack us anyway. and who were behind
the incident.. It was political orchestration and not an isolated incident.
[Inkatha supporters and anti-Inkatha students came to blows: five died and
many were wounded.) The political campaign against me and Inkatha has been
going on for some time.

When I received my honorary degree, my and my mother's car was stoned and I
was cursed. The same thing happened when I was appointed chancellor. My
supporters saved my honor and that of the king that day. What else could

they do when the others said "Gatsha is a k..«, Gatsha is a dog"? What do they
expect from Zulus?

61



MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL STRESSES NEED FOR U.S. AID
Brussels LE VIF in French 1 Dec 83 p 72
[Interview with Samora Machel, president of Mozambique, no date given/

[Text7 Plunged into a latent war against South Africa,
Samora Machel's revolutionary Mozambique, backed by. the
Soviets, now appeals to the West, We met with him,

Samora Machel has been president .of Mozambique since 1975, in other words since this
former Portuguese colony achieved independence, His government is Marxist and has
links to the Soviet Union but still describes itself as "nonaligned.”

Recently President Machel visited six European countries, seeking to obtain econom-
ic and military aid.

[Question] What.can Mozambique do to defend itself against the South African com-
mando raids on the offices of the African National Congress in Maputo?

J’nswer/ What will the United States do to allow Mozambique to resist these
aggressions? And, considering the diplomatic, economic and military relations the
United States entertains with the Union of South Africa, what could it do to pre-
vent these attacks?

[Question] What do you expect from the United States?
Answer] In order to resist, my people must be armed.

[Question] Is the antigovernment guerrilla movement in Mozambique getting more
powerful?

Answer] There are no guerrillas in our country, only armed bandits.

[Question/ Is the level of Soviet economic and-military aid inadequate?

Lanswer7 During the years of our struggle for the liberation of Mozambique, we
enjoyed the total support of the Soviet Union, China, North Korea, Romania, Bulgaria,
Yugoslavia and East Germany. Not only by way of arms.supplies but just as much by

18



INVESTIGATION OF MINING INDUSTRY CALLED FOR

Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 10 Dec 83 p 10

(Editorial:

{Text]

"Investigate Lest the Stain Grows"]

Nothing but a thorough scrutiny could ever remove
the justified or unjustified label that has been attached
to South West Africa’s mining industry -.a tag which
imputes. the industry of simply being a collection of
foreign groups, in some. cases the lesser subsidiary of
gigantic multinationals. :

The stain is on the garment, and it is growing in both
pronouncement and size. It is an ugly estimate that has
started to take root in the mind of the average citizen.
He believes, and nothing has happened to dispel these
beliefs, that while he struggles in his country to make
ends meet, the only sizable purse his country has, being
its minerals and diamonds, are being pillaged by in-
terests who are not even members of his country’s
citizens, and who give nothing in return for what is
being taken out.  * .

It is pointless to shrug this estimate off with the
remark that the ignorant and the malicious are guilty of
such views. If there is nothing to hide, why the hesitancy
to have the industry examined from tail to head?

Too much is under the blanket; too much is shielded
by the decrees governing the lair of the Holy Cow, call-
ed in this case ‘strategic factors.’ Like the word ‘securi-
ty’ which has become the torment and the persecutor of,
even the law-abiding citizen, this thing about ‘strategic
interest’ is another monstrosity, freely used by people

who in certain cases do not even know the grammatical
definition of the term. aa

We want clean administration in South West Africa,
for already we are more than halfway on the road to the
worst form of communism the world had ever known.
We also want to know what is happening to the limited’

‘natural resources we have.

We find it stupendous that Tsumeb Corporation does
not pay any tax for the year, but its financial reports
released overseas and not here, lists the dividends paid.
in ‘that. same year to shareholders as 42 million

‘American dollars.

No one will ever know what has been produced in thé
form of diamonds since 1920, where was it sold, what

35

NAMIBIA



SOUTH AFRICA

ROAD TO 'DIFFERENT /KIND'. OF AFRIKANERDOM VIEWED
Direction of Afrikanerdom

[Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 18 Nov 83 p 10

[Article by Willie Kihn in the colum "Political Scene"]

[Text] One-stop service they call it in the business world. Step in. through
these doors, and all of your needs will be taken care of. You can count
on... Of course, you remember which bank offered a kind of alternative, all-
inclusive banking service a few years back, complete with red carpets,

potted plants and relaxing music.

That is way things are happening nowadays in Afrikaner circles. A political
movement has assumed a form that intends to be much more than just politics.
It wants to be a one-stop service for Afrikanerdom.

You see, an alternative type of Afrikanerdom is on its way. That is why it
is not sufficient to found a Conservative Party [CP] or a Reconstituted
National Party (HNP). There must also be provisions made for the Afrikaner
in student and youth groups, in cultural and religious organizations.

Tactics

That is what the right-wing of Afrikaner politics is working towards.. that
is, if whispers in political circles can be understood correctly.

In the final analysis there is by no means a need to doubt intentions and
goals. It has been clear for a long time what the tactics are, especially
those of the CP: try to take over the train (as Dr Andries Treurnicht has
so graphically put it on occasion, according to witnesses).

And if the engineer hears the hijackers approaching just in time? Then--as

the handbook of far-right action declares--an attempt is to be made to derail
the train, a new train is to be set into motion and all potential passengers
are to be informed that this is the only true, safe means of transportation.

55



MOZAMBIQUE

CENTRAL REGION OFFICIALS MEET IN MANICA DISTRICT
MB051510 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 5 Jan 84

[Text] The fourth central region interprovincial meeting began in Manica Dis-
trict today. It was attended by Marcelino dos Santos and Mario Machungo, the
leaders of the provinces of Sofala and Zambezia respectively; Manueq Antonio,
the governor of Manica; and Joao Francisco Pateguana, the acting governor of
Tete Province.

Speaking at the opening session, the leader of Sofala Province said that the
meeting would conduct an in depth examination of the political and military
situation and the transportation and communications sectors in the four pro-
vinces. Marcelino dos Santos added that the discussion of these topics is
aimed at finding correct ways of intensifying the struggle against famine
and the armed bandits.

From Chimoio we received information this morning that the participants in the
meeting, which is due to end tomorrow, will also visit economic and social
sectors of Manica District.

CsO: 3442/111

21



"The price increases are very unfair. We are intending to see the Minister of
Commerce and Industry about it. We are holding a seminar this weekend to re-
view the whole matter," Mr Sipalo said.

He urged the Government to get rid of black marketeering. With the present
price increases unscrupulous traders would hike their prices.

That way, Mr Sipalo said, the common man would suffer the injustices of black
marketeers as he would be forced to buy from them.

cso: 3400/422

88



The land asset section therefore set up two tree nurseries (windbreaks) and plants
trees free of charge within the framework of the project~-the nurseries have so
far planted 30,000-50,000 seedlings.

"This is a crucial operation," emphasizes Dr Woehl, "insofar as erosion and the
spoilation of the ‘environment are, in the long run,’limiting the impact of the mea-
sures aiming at an increase in productivity. Moreover, if we wish to record satis-
factory results, we need the involvement of the people for reafforestation and land
improvement."

Popular involvement. is needed for the upkeep of the tree nurseries and the other
public works. The 1982 reafforestation program, for example, envisaged the produc—
tion of 220,000 seedlings to cover around 850 hectares with living hedges and wind-
breaks, to protect river banks and stabilize dunes.

Unfortunately it happens that problems arise, especially with regard to the protec-
tion of the plants. That is why the people in charge of the project fervently wish
for the public to realize and be motivated by the importance of the project.

Summing up all the operations, the results achieved and still to come, of the
Tahoua production program, director Tassiou Aminou first recounted the history of
the project, the various stages since financing was negotiated by the two countries,
up to the current phase. Tassiou Aminou also spoke of the basic objectives of this
project, the first being self-sufficiency in food supplies in the Tahoua Department
that suffered badly in the severe drought ravaging Niger.

In the course of our conversation, Tassiou Aminou emphasized the training of farmers
and assistant controllers. Training by way of the CPT's, the mastery of farming
techniques by the farmers resulting from demonstration fields and parcels of land.
In the course of our talks with the project director, we dis¢ussed the results
achieved since its beginning--but also the costs, in other words the money spent

on carrying out the project,

Tassiou Aminou underlined the fact that 3455 million francs CFA were spent on the
project in 1981-1982, In 1983 the total will. amount to 186 million francs CFA,
while the grand total for 1982-1985 is expected to run to 1,800,000,000 francs CFA.

As happens with all large-scale projects similar to Tahoua, problems specific to
rural life and cultivation techniques have arisen with regard to popularization,
planning, training and coordination among-the technical services operating on the
spot. According to Tassiou Aminou these problems are being progressively resolved.
He ended our conversation by expressing his wish to see construction begin of the
Tahoua headquarters of the production project; at the moment the design plans are
still languishing in some drawers.

At the present time the people in the project's operating regions are welcoming the
economic efforts of the project ‘that--let us recall this again--has seen the light
of day thanks to cooperation between the FRG and our country. It is a project
that, with great optimism, pursues the objectives chosen,

11698
CSO; 3419/239 42



ZAMBIA

ZNUT BRANCH ACCUSES LABOR MINISTRY OF CAUSING CONFUSION
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 14 Dec 83 p 3

[Text] THE Zambia National Union of Teachers (ZNUT) Chingola branch has ac-
cused the Ministry of Labour and Social Services of causing confusion on the
implementation of the ten per cent wage increase in the civil service.

ZNUT branch secretary, Mr Abson Simfukwe charged yesterday that civil servants
were now in the dark as to whether they will get the ten per cent wage rise
or not because of confusing and contradicting statements from the Ministry of
Labour.

He was reacting to a statement by Minister of Labour and Social Services Mr
Fredrick Hapunda last week that unions under the public sector were free to
enter into negotiations with their respective employers within the _frame-work
of the prices and incomes guidelines on the ten per cent wage ceiling.

Mr Hapunda said this when he met representatives of the Civil Servants Union
of Zambia, Zambia National Union of Teachers, Zambia United Local Authorities
Workers Union and the National Union of Public Service Workers.

The Minister told the representatives of the four unions who wanted to know
whether public service workers would benefit from the ten per cent wage ceiling
that an earlier that not all workers would benefit from the ten per cent increase
did not mean that he was not in favour of civil servants benefiting.

But reacting to Mr Hapunda's remarks, Mr Simfukwe said he did not understand
what the minister meant by asking unions to open fresh negotiations with em-
ployers when trade union representatives attended talks on the same subject
at State House.

"It is not logical for ZNUT to open fresh negotiations with our employers be-
cause our union representatives attended the talks chaired by President Kaunda
at State House. All we want now is to be given what is due to us immediately,"
Mr Simfukwe stressed.

He said Mr Hapunda at first said civil servants would not benefit from the ten

per cent wage ceiling and only last week was saying something else, adding that
this was what was creating confusion.

83



[Question] Didn't your participation influence the voters in Natal to vote
yes?

[Answer] I think that is pure nonsense. Napoleon said that the English are
a nation of shopkeepers. That is true of the English-speakers in Natal.
English-speakers in the country do not dirty their hands with politics as
long as their businesses are safe. When some large industrialists like

Mr Chris Saunders went out of their way to work for a yes-vote, the

outcome was clear.

Other reasons for the yes-vote were the Government's very effective advertising
for a yes-vote on SATV [South African Television], the claim that someone
intended to attempt to assasinate the Prime Minister in Pietermaritzburg,

and the African National Congress'[ANC] call for a no-vote. I wish the ANC
had not done that. By doing so, they worked for a yes-vote. Few whites -
would wish to be in the same camp as the ANC.

[Question] Will you contribute to the work of the Cabinet committee
investigating the position of "city blacks"?

[Answer]. I am not willing to discuss constitutional matters with the committee.
During the referendum I. was not given the opportunity to present my views on
SATV. -That was despite an official request by the commissioner-general for
such an opportunity after the Prime Minister's attacks on me at the NP
convention at George. I never received an answer,

I also do not see why I should discuss other. matters with the committee.
What good would it do me? I was attacked by other black organizations when
Inkatha testified on the President's Council and me before the Steyn
commission. To judge by the rhetoric about the committee, I do not think
that it really. has anything to offer blacks.

[Question] Howe are relations between you, the Government, the Prime Minister,
and Dr Piet Koornhoff these days?

[Answer] They have never been worse. I told Dr Koornhoff that it is not
advisable for him or any other minister to come to Ulundi for the opening

of the Legislative Assembly, and he agreed. I do not want a reoccurrencé of
what happened during his last visit about the Ingwuavuma matter. (Dr Koornhof
was threatened by angry mobs.) The commissioner-general had to open the
session. This is an important session--the first in the new building. Since
February 1980 I have not met the Prime Minister. _

The Prime Minister insulted me deeply, more than Mr John Vorster ever ‘did,
especially by saying that my position was created by the Government. ..By
doing so he used the rhetoric ‘of the African National Congress and my critics
in the black community and lent it credence by implying that I am his straw
man.

60



Mr Simfukwe said teachers in Chingola wanted the ten per cent wage rise because
they had already been represented at State House talks by their ZNUT trade union-
ists and did not see why fresh negotiations should be started again.

"How does ZNUT negotiate on the matter that was already sorted out at high level
talks? We are peaceful citizens and we don't want trouble to begin from

teachers," he said.

He said members in his district did not even want to be tempted into arguments
as the issue at hand was straight-forward and all what teachers wanted was a
clear st-tement from the goverment to break the impasse.

cso: 3400/422

84



opposed to any UN-
supervised elections; the
DTA claims it has accepted
Resolution 435, but here it
agrees with the South African
Government, namely, that
the Cubans should be
withdrawn from Angola
before such a settlement is
embarked upon, and the
Liberation Front, well, all Mr
Hans Diergarrdt wants is his
homeland.

PUT IT TO THE TEST

South Africa is con-
stantly on record as
stating that the ‘people
will decide’. And I feel
that it is time that this
rather wild promise of
hers be put to the test. A
united call for the
implementation of
Resolution 435 from each
and every corner of this
country, would place that
Government in an
awkward predicament.

Would she, or would she
not, abide by the will of the
people in such a case?

It is easy to say the ‘people
will decide’ when she herself
sponsors and supervises an
election, for she realises full
well that Swapo would not
participate, and therefore
that danger is removed. It is
equally easy for her to say the
‘people will decide’ when
referring to the multi-party
conference, and the strong
possibilty that a call for an
interim government will
emerge from that body, for
of course, Swapo participa-
tion would not be a con-
sideration, and in addition,
she is presented with the
alternative she always
wanted.

But the ‘will of the people’
was not represented in the
December 18 1978 election,
and neither are the people of
Namibia overwhelmingly
pro-DTA as would appear
fri¢a those election results.
(We had a similar case in
Zimbabwe when Bishop
Muzorewa thought he had
the population behind him,
but it proved to be the biggest
mistake of his life).

29

THE WILL OF
‘THE PEOPLE

And neither is the ‘will
of the people’ represented
in the multi-party con-
ference. Although perhaps
initially a commendable
idea, most of the parties
present there do not have
the support of their own
people and indeed, many
parties are completely
divided on the issue.

And people are not certain
what, if anything, will emerge
from the multi-party. con-
ference. Many feel that if its
purpose is to achieve the im-
plementation of Resolution
435, well and good. But the
conference has already pass-
ed the point where it could
have made such a call.

Their commitment to
Resolution 435 is by no
means absolute.

But if I could appeal to at
least certain elements of the
multi-party conference, I
would request that they put
on record their opinions
regarding Resolution 435,
and that they make a strong
call for its implementation
before it is.too late. They
should not allow themselves
to be led into an excuse for-a
settlement, which would be in
the form ‘of an interim
government, for they too, are
aware of what has happened
int the past, and that history
has-a tendency to repeat
itself.

How many times did the
DTA not proudly announce
‘The DTA governs’, how
many promises were not
kept, and how much credi-
bility did they not lose, as a
result of a token and hollow
pretence at ‘government’,
while all the time it was the
South African Government
which held the strings? *

WHY TRUST
THEM NOW?

The parties present at
the multi-party conference
must be aware of this fact,
and as they never trusted
the South African



for advocating # multi-party system in
Gabon, would have his-sentence increased.
Other political prisoners, supporters of the
outlawed Mouvement de Redressement
National (MORENA), would not have their
sentences lightened, as Bongo had promised
to Mitterrand at the beginning of this year.
At the same time the Elysée was heavily
lobbied by an alarmed Bongo, but to no
avail. French Government opinion was that
the affair was a storm in a teacup, but it
could yet turn out to be wrong.

For Affaires Africaines stirs up some
very deep mud, which could have repercus-
sions just as much in Paris as in Libreville,
where it will never be read as long as Bongo
is in power. Much of it is now history, but
“‘plus ca change, plus c’est la méme chose.””

Firmly in the past now, for example, are
the Biafran and Rhodesian rebellions.
Libreville was a key centre for the support
of both.

In the first case, Bongo was given a fait
accompli, Charles De Gaulle, jealous of
Nigeria’s potential, had been helping
Ojukwu through Felix Houphouet-Boigny
of Ivory Coast and Leon M’ba of Gabon
before Bongo, the postal clerk groomed as
successor by Paris, took over on the death
of M’ba in November 1967. Six months
later he recognised Biafra. Aircraft,
weapons, supplies and mercenaries paid for
by France were channelled through
Libreville. The head of the operation,
recruited by De Gaulle’s notorious African
specialist, Jacques Foccart, was Rhodesian
Jack Malloch.

French aid for Biafra, which in any case
was not going to be enough, ended in 1969
with the arrival of Georges Pompidou at
the Elysée, but Jack Malloch stayed on in
Libreville. In 1970 he set up Affretair, the
highly successful sanctions-busting airline
which did much to keep the Rhodesian
rebellion going. Foreign governments
closed their eyes to what was going on and,
not least, the Gabonese. When Affretair’s
cover was finally blown, Air Gabon was set
up to do its job, notably in helping
Rhodesian beef find a market abroad.
Among the major beneficiaries of the
traffic were members of the Clan Gabonais.

In all this, Bongo, who was only 32.when
he came to power, was more or less guided
by Foccart, as well as the French secret
service, known as the SDECE, and the
French settlers in Gabon who made up the
clan Gabonais. But in 1974 the price of oil
began to rise and Gabon suddenly became a
very wealthy country. Bongo’s fingers were
well in the pie and he began to exert his
new-found authority.

Péan’s research has shown that Bongo,
his family and his closest collaborators,
such as Deputy Prime Minister Georges
Rawiri and Oil Minister Alexis
M’bouy-M’Boutzit, are the major share-
holders. in all Gabon’s principal com-
panies. Most importantly, a substantial

stake in Elf-Gabon, linked with preferential
treatment for the parent company over

prices, gives Bongo great influence over one

of the main motors of the French economy.

The Gabonese villager, on the other hand,

is little better off than he was in the days of
Doctor Schweitzer.

“The desire to cream off the wealth of
the country appears an obsession for some
leading figures,’? Péan writes.
“Embezzlement of public assets is
continuous. Every activity, every contract is
subject to a rake-off. Even the Gabonese
embassy in Paris belongs to Rawiri and
Bongo and the Foreign Ministry is thought
to pay a very large rent to Gabon’s two
principal leaders.””

Of course, the larger the contract the
bigger the cut, and Gabon has not been
short of prestigious projects which also
inflate Bongo’s standing. They range from
Africa Number One radio station to the

" Presidential Palace and the largest under-

taking in the whole continent, the Trans-
gabonese Railway.

The Presidential Palace, part of the
preparations for the 1977 Libreville
summit, cost at least 78bn CFA francs and
was built so quickly and so badly it needed
complete renovation only three years after
its completion. All the projects connected
with the summit are estimated to have cost
600bn CFA francs and effectively
bankrupted the country. The International
Monetary Fund moved in and put the
screws on, but it did not stop Bongo’s pet
scheme, the Transgabonese Railway.

This railway is officially to give access to
the vast iron deposits at Belinga and make
possible the exploitation of large tracts of;
forest. It is partly financed by Arab money,
after Bongo was converted to Islam.
However, current low commodity prices
will not make the line profitable and Péan
ascribes a political motive to its
construction.

For the line’s eastern terminus will be at
Franceville, capital of Bongo’s own
province of Haut-Ogooue, populated by
the Bateke people, who also live over the
border in the Congo and have traditionally
looked east. At an estimated cost of 500bn
CFA francs, not counting ‘‘commissions,’””
the Transgabonese Railway would induce
not only the Gabonese Batekes but also the
Congolese to look West. If many of them
moved across the border it would make
Bongo feel’ safer in the face of the more

snumerous Fangs.

Politically, of course, Bongo is highly
conservative and authoritarian. He has
always been willing to help similar rulers in
Africa, such as King Hassan of Morocco
and Gnassingbe Eyadema of Togo, as well
as interfering in Angola’s oil enclave of
Gabinda. It was at the request of Eyadema
that he helped mount the farcical operation
by mercenary Bob Denard in January 1977
against Togo’s Marxist neighbour, Benin,



SPECULATION SAID RIFE AS TO MOTIVES BEHIND GOWON VISIT

London AFRICA NOW in English No 32, Dec 83 pp 28-29

[Text]

In October, a group of Yakubu Gowon’s
friends, headed by businessman Chief
Godfrey Amachree of Rivers State, were
said to be sponsoring a visit to his homeland
this month by Nigeria’s former Head of
State — more than two years after
President Shehti Shagari had granted him a
full pardon and formally cleared him of any
charge of complicity in the attempted coup
against his successor, the late General
Murtala Mohammed.

What were the reasons for delaying his
return and what are the likely consequences
of his visit? Speculation is rife.

Gowon’s homecoming will end eight
years in exile, most of which was spent in
England’ where his studies included
acquiring a doctorate in political-science.

His nine years’ rule in Nigeria came to an
end in 1975 while he was at the OAU summit
in Kampala. A coup was staged by some of
his closest colleagues, including former
Foreign Minister Joe Garba and the man
who was to replace him as Head of State:
General Murtala Mohammed. Murtala was
himself only to rule for six months before
being killed in yet another attempted coup.

Gowon had brougtit Nigeria through
some tense moments following the 1966
coup, including the civil war. Later, he
made his mark as a statesman in a

. femarkable programme of reconciliation

and reconstruction. The end came only
when he was unable to control some of his
indisciplined and corrupt military
governors; at the same time, he failed to
fulfil his promise to return to democratic
tule. He was stripped of his rank by General
Olusegun Obasanjo (Murtala Mohammed’s
successor) and exiled.

He was pardoned on October 1, 1981,
Nigeria’s National Day, by President Shehu
Shagari, but his rank of general was not
restored — which as far as he was con-
cerned was less than satisfactory since it
could be interpreted that he was not totally
absolved from complicity in a crime of
which he persistently claims his complete
innocence.

It is believed that his delay in returning to
his homeland was a tacit protest at this
anomaly. Another factor was the linking of
his own pardon with that of Chukwuemeka
Ojukwu, even though the latter’s was not
granted until May 1982, seven months later.
It could well be that Gowon felt resentful
that his pardon should in any way be
connected with that of the man who led the
Biafran secession attempt which he had
crushed after a long and bloody civil war.

The sponsors of this month’s visit
(ostensibly solely to see his family and
friends) insisted that there were no political
motives behind it — something very
difficult for the average Nigerian to accept.
Indeed, the general view is that the visit will
provide Gowon with the opportunity to feel
the mood of the country before making any
decision as to his political future. Accord-
ing to one normally reliable source, his
eventual return to Nigeria is planned for
early 1985, .

It is being suggested that he may well
emerge as the major challenger to Dr
Azikiwe’s leadership of the Nigeria
People’s Party (NPP); that Zik may even
accept him as his successor in a calculated
move to punish Ojukwu for his challenge to
the old warhorse’s ethnic ascendency in
Igbo-land.

According to this scenario, Zik would
gain broader support as a reconstituted
national visionary and champion of ethnic
rights within the Nigerian body politic. He
would, therefore, be in a better position to
end his political career on a high note of
reconciliation and national responsibility.

Astutely, Gowon has, publicly at least,
only sent congratulatory messages to some
leaders and has hardly endorsed policies or
criticised actions in the last few years, so he
cannot be accused of partisanship.

It should be remembered, however, that
Gowon headed the government in which
both Chief Obafemi Awolowo and
President Shagari served as Commissioners
of Finance and that he received Zik on his
return to the federal fold from his flirtation

NIGERIA



RESULTS OF FRENCH JOURNALIST'S DISCLOSURES ABOUT BONGO NOTED

London AFRICA NOW in English Dec 83 pp 12-14

[Article by Martin Bennitt:
[Text]

The deaths of some 50 French paratroops
when an explosive-laden truck blew apart
their barracks in Beirut went unreported in
the Gabonese media, even though the
similar attack which killed more than 200
us marines was fully covered.

It was not a question of the relative
insignificance of the French death toll or
some bizarre failure in communications.
For, as the days passed, the Gabonese
public began to notice a complete absence
of any news whatsoever dealing with
France, even, or especially, down to the
league football results.

The Gabonese were not the only ones to
suffer. One of Africa’s most powerful radio
stations, Africa Number One, in which the
French Government has a considerable
stake, can reach practically every
Francophone country in Africa. But it is
based in Libreville, the Gabonese capital
and, like the Gabonese Press, domestic
radio and television, it relegated France to
official oblivion.

The Gabonese were given no explanation
for this curious state of affairs, for they

cannot fail to have noticed ‘something’

unusual. The government did not consider
it was bound to provide one, yet the
government was undoubtedly behind this
censorship — and in Gabon the government
means President Omar Bongo.

Bongo was taking petty revenge for a
book which had just been published in
Paris, in spite of his best efforts to prevent
it appearing. Entitled A/faires Africaines*,
something of a misnomer since it dealt
almost exclusively with Gabon, it was
written by French journalist Pierre Péan.

Péan (45) once worked in Gabon as part
of the French aid programme. Apart from
Africa, his other speciality is oil and, in
Gabon, the two are intimately linked

"Stirring Up the Mud in Gabon"]

through the French Elf Company. In fact,
his book’s 340 pages reveal little that was
not known before, but it collates the whole
history of French-Gabonese relations,
backed up with copies of documents, to
bring everything into perspective, resurrect
scandals which were thought to be buried,
and draw some very interesting conclusions.

Péan’s thesis is simple: that Omar
Bongo, considered at the beginning to be a
useful tool by the French, and notably by
what the author calls the “‘clan des
Gabonais,’’ has risen to head that clan,
thanks to. his own abilities and also his
intimate knowledge of the French political
system and France’s traditional concern for
influence in Africa. The only alternative to
a direct confrontation between Paris and
Libreville is for the Mitterrand government
to play the same game in Gabon as its
predecessors.

Mitterrand, however, appears so far to
have more scruples than De Gaulle,
Pompidou or Valery Giscard d‘Estaing. He
failed to ban Péan’s book, as previous
regimes had prevented the publication of
criticism of Ahmadou Ahidjo of
Cameroon, Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire and
Ahmed Sekou Touré of Guinea.
Admittedly those earlier governments could
quote an 1881 law against works ‘“‘of
foreign origin” (written respectively by
Cameroonian Mongo Beti, Belgian Jules
Chome and _Frenchman-naturalised-

Guinean Jean-Paul Alata), whereas Péan is ,

French, but the latter said he was not
approached in any way by the Elysée Palace
over his book.

The pressure instead came from
Libreville: at first friendly approaches, then
offers of money and finally blackmail.
Péan was told that a friend of his, former
Minister Jean-Marc Ekoh, now in prison

GABON


official gazette of the Administrator-General of SWA/Namibia. The other mem-
bers of the commission are Messrs H J Taljaardt, J D de Bruyn, G S Coetzee and
GJ Muller. The appointement was "in view of the revolutionary onslaught" on
SWA/Namibia and "the terrorist war waged in certain parts." The Commission's
taks is to examine security legislation in the territory and to submit recom-
mendations concerning its "adequacy, fairness and efficacy." According to the
proclamation, evidence would be heard behind closed doors, unless the chairman
decided otherwise, while officials and employees of the Commission would have
to take an oath of secrecy. [Text] (Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

17 Nov 83 p 4]

CsO: 3400/430

38



cso:

3400/424

workers’ freedom and independence.
Forty years of history cannot be buried in
one stroke,”” David said, adding that the
party had its part to play in the
government, and it would play it
effectively.

“The Labour Party made a tactical
error by accepting to be third in the
Alliance instead of leading the group. The
Labour Party was responsible for the
Alliance’s tremendous success,””
according to David.

His views are shared by many members
of the Labour Party who have instead
suggested that the MSM dissolves and its
members join Labour. If the debate
continues, it will then be difficult for the
govement to carry out its threat of
dealing heavy-handedly with those
involved in “anti-democratic or anti-
patriotic” actions @

17



cso:

3400/472

goods and imports can become more and more
difficult to purchase from overseas be-
cause of lack of the foreign exchange, fo-
reign exchange, which would have been spent
mainly to import rice again and again and,
which is the only means of overseas pur-
chase for us.

What is at stake is therefore a national
challenge. It is our very national survi-_
val. It is true citizenship and a patrio-
tic duty,

Militants, help the nation expose the sel-
fish profiteers who sell the people's rice,
to other countries. Your economic sabo-
teurs can also be your neighbour and friends.



ANGOLA

RADIO CITES WORLDWIDE CONDEMNATION OF RSA
MB090833 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0700 GMT 8 Jan 84

[Text] The flow of messages from every corner of the earth from different
national and international organizations has not stopped. These messages

are clear proof of the condemnation of mankind of the aggressive policy of

the Pretoria regime against the People's Republic of Angola. We are receiving
telexes that express in thousands of words the feelings of millions of
people--from all around the world with different ideologies and creeds--who are
effectively united in a vehement condemnation against this crime we are wit-
nessing that goes against all individual, collective, national and internation-
al rights. ‘

The greatest South African aim cannot be accepted by anybody, not using any
type of reasoning. Their bloody and murderous claws are too much exposed and
dirty to leave doubt about their true design in this escalation of aggressions
against our independence and sovereignty. Pretoria's expansionism, directed
at full strength against Angola, is not going to stop now. Their goals are
much more ambitious. The political and military domination of the southern
region of our continent is in their plans, according to the strategy laid
down by the centers for the expansion of international imperialism.

Universal history is full of examples of how regional, continental and inter-
national wars started. What is happening in Angola today follows the many cases
already registered by history. In the face of the threat of the generalization
of this conflict--with all the drastic consequences that will naturally follow
this irresponsible action by the leaders of racism--the international community
must do much more, must go beyond words and the traditional condemnation notes
which today only serve to amuse the South African leaders, who are unmoved by
the conventional language which men use to make acquaintances and live together.

In our case, and quoting President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos, the attack being
carried out by the South African Army in conjunction with Angolan puppets and
mercenaries from different nationalities will be met by our people with every
means at our disposal.

cso: 3442/120



VARIOUS DIFFICULTIES SAID LEADING TO ANARCHY

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 22, 2 Nov 83 pp 3-5

(Article:

{Text ]

"Uganda:

Northern Quagmire"]

The 5,000 square mile area encompassing the extreme
south of Sudan, the north-western corner of Uganda
and the north-eastern corner of Zaire, is an extraord-
inary area of guerrillas, commodity and arms traffic,
gold’ smuggling, refugees, multinational agencies,
death and intrigue. This week the Sudanese foreign
ministry hosted a meeting in Khartoum including the
foreign ministers of Zaire, Uganda and the Central
African Republic.

For Zairois the area provides a market-place and
a living, but is too remote to be of consequence
to the Zairean government. For’ President Milton
Obote’s government in Uganda it is important: anti-
government guerrillas in West Nile province, con-
trary to earlier reports (AC Vol 24 No 11), have
successfully attacked several government army
(UNLA) forward posts close to the Sudanese border,
There is a continued possibility of cooperation
between the West Nile guerrillas and the mairi anti-
Obote guerrilla group, the National Resistance Army
(NRA). And with the rapidly deteriorating security
situation in southern Sudan (AC Vol 24 No 21) the
possibilities for cooperation between the Ugandan
guerrillas and the southern: Sudanese’ Anyanya II
guerrillas will be increased.

For Khartoum. the area does: not yet represent
any one pressing danger. However, a widening of
southern Sudanese armed resistance«to include the
Taposa‘ and’ Latuka: tribes’ of eastern Equatoria

_ would: automatically create a bigger demand: for

small-arms in southern Sudan. Uganda’s pool of
AK-47s. would become the obvious supply line.

Military dispositions in West: Nile

In‘ December: 1982 arid January-1983' UNLA laun-
ched: a‘ major- offensive’ against Uganda: National

67

UGANDA



MOZAMBIQUE

FRIENDSHIP GROUP SCORES U.S. NUCLEAR MISSILES
MB051445 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0430 GMT 5 Jan 84

[Text] Abner Sansao Muthemba, the secretary general of the Mozambique Associ-
ation of Friendship and Solidarity with Peoples [AMASP], has pointed out that
it was a mistake to think that the deployment of U.S. nuclear missiles in
Europe is a problem which does not concern Africans.

Speaking in Maputo yesterday in a meeting of friendship for peace, Abner

Sansao Muthemba said that as soon as imperialism destroys the socialist
countries it will point its nuclear weapons against the African people, who
will be defenseless against that kind of weapon. The U.S. medium-range nuclear
missiles pointed against the USSR, the GDR, Czechoslovakia and other socialist
countries are also pointed directly at us. Let us be well aware of that, the
AMASP secretary general pointed out.

(Harald Heinke) urged the intensification of efforts against the nuclear plans
of the United States and its NATO associates. The meeting of friendship for
Peace was jointly organized by AMASP and the GDR League for Friendship Among
Peoples.

CsO: 3442/111

22



GAMBIA

PROFITEERS, RICE SMUGGLERS REPORTEDLY DAMAGING NATION'S ECONOMY

Banjul THE GAMBIA TIMES in English 10 Dec 83 ppl, 2

[Text] We are today calling for a new level of a-
wareness for the militant. We are asking
for a stronger resolve, a higher degree of
vigilance and agreater sense of commitment
in the protection and promotion of our na-
tional interest. against the material inte-
rest of a few greedy operators the outcome
of: whose machinations can, inthe long run,
only spell doom to this country's economic
well-being and social fabric.

There is being imposed on our population a
great deal of unnecessary hardship at too
frequent an interval through the activities
of this group of clandestine operators for
profit. In the process, what they end up
doing is not only to impose hardship on the
Gambian people time and time again, but al-
so help ruin thé very foundations of The
Gambian economy, They therefore must not
only be watched, but must be exposed, neu-
tralised and eventually eliminated for the
scourge they are to our lives and to the
life of our nation.

Here of course, we are talking about none
other than the people who help bring about
shortages of our essential commodities es-
pecially rice. By their action, they make
meaningless the well disposed action of our
Government in ensuring that the people of
The Gambia shall never go hungry, in guaran-
teeing for all our peoples at all times and
in every corner of this country, fair and
reasonable prices for all imports but espe-
cially foodstuffs like rice. This basic



SECURITY POLICE FEAR INFILTRATION BY SWAPO

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Nov 83 p 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/430

WINDHOEK — The possibility
that sections of the security

forces in Namibia have been in-

filtrated by Swapo is being in-
vestigated, says the head of the
Security Police in the territory,
Colonel Sarel Strydom.

Colonel Strydom said yester-
day that three Namibian securi-
ty force members were among

e nearly 50 le — senior
civil servants, tea a priest
and tribal villagers in the Ka-
vango region — who had been
arrested in security swoops in
the six weeks... |

le said more people! would
probably be arrested as the po-"
ice investigation progressed,
but he did not want to give any
information which might. warn
them in advance. “

Colonel Strydom said that,no

27

one had yet been charged.
.  Swapo, he said, had been try-
to establish a series of gue-
cells in the Western Kavan-
go region for some time.
‘The organisation had also

‘been trying to politicise the

wlation ero ve ain
awide spectrum Kavango
society, he sai .

This is the first time in the
16-year-old bush war that so
many goyernment figures and
influential personalities have
‘been detained in such an inten-
sive operation.

It is also the first time it has
been officially confirmed that
Swapo might have infiltrated
the security forces.

In 1981, nearly 30 servicemen.
openly rebelled against their
‘military training at a base at
Okahandja. = ~

NAMIBIA



ZAMBIA

ANGOLAN REFUGEES BEING AIRLIFTED FROM NDOLA AIRPORT TO LUANDA

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Dec 83 p 1

[Text] THE Angolan government has put aside two special planes for the repatri-
ation of more than 600 refugees who entered Zambia through the North-Western
Province three weeks ago following renewed political upheaval in that country.
The refugees are being airlifted from the Ndola airport to Luanda.

The exercise which started at the weekend is being supervised by ‘officials

from the Angolan embassy in Lusaka, the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees and Zambian security officers.

Party of the Ndola airport was sealed off as the officials conducted a roll-
call of the refugees.

The refugees most of them women and children were taken to the airport from
Maheba refugee camp in Solwezi in hired United Bus Company of Zambia (UBZ)
buses and troop carriers.

All the officials involved in the exercise were tightlipped as they were under
instructions not to talk to the Press.

An Angolan embassy official told security officers to order a Times of Zambia
reporter who had gone to make inquiries about the manoeuvre out of the airport
area.

Sources at the airport said some of the refugees were flown out on Sunday and
others left by road through Jimbe border post in Mwinilunga district.

On Wednesday, North-Western Province provincial political secretary Mr Dusken
Kakompe confirmed that the refugees were being repatriated.

Mr Kakompe said arrangements for the repatriation had been made during a meet-
ing of officials from the Angolan embassy, the UNHCR and Zambian Government.

CSO: 3400/422

89



point of departure for the liberal poli-
cies of a democratic state is, as stated
earlier, being put tothe most severe tests
imaginable because of the machinations and
profiteering activities of just a few peo-
ple, and the considerable numbers of others,
who have been serving, knowingly and unkow-
ingly, as their collaborators and accompli-
ces.

For our militants to better appreciate the
importance of the point being made, we wish
todigress a bit on the situationasa whole.
The Gambia, ‘like all countries of Africa,
is in the category of the developing world.
In fact, it islisted as an Lde which means
least developed countries. Such being the
case, it is no surprise to note that the
basis of our economy is predominantly agri-
cultural. In our case, this has meant the
production of groundnuts. The other eco-

nomic crops for export, like cotton, live-
stock, fisheries and even tourism are mere
adjuncts to what groundnuts bring to the
benefit of our economy,

But, as everyone knows, groundnuts do not
always, if ever they did, enjoy premium
price levels on the world market. Conse-
quently, this puts The Gambia, along with
other similarly placed countries in Africa
and all over the world, at themercy of
world market price fluctuations. Thus, even
were one to have a bumper harvest, the out-
come can be nullified or seriously compro-
mised by low market prices. That apart,
there .is even the other less predictable
question to contend with, namely climatic
and ecological factors. It can be a pro-
blem of drought, of too much rain, of late
rains,. of uneven rainfall, of unseasonal
rains or of insect infestations or crop
disease.

It is only after contending with all these
factors and coming up in the end with what-!
ever little produce can be brought together
overall, that the people of The Gambia,
through their government, eventually receive
from the buyers of their crops. payments
which enable them to buy goods from abroad



From such findings as well as from my own observations among English-speaking
groups, it appears that an NP which projects a clear picture of reform will
be able to count on a significant English-speaking vote.

Nevertheless, there will always be a majority of English speakers which will
remain fervent supporters of the opposition.

There is a small and decreasing number of English conservatives which are
both anti-black and anti-Afrikaans, and they will certainly be in a political
desert until they die out.

Especially in Natal there is a significant group which is concerned with
maintaining the special character of the province. If the Government
institutes a serious program of decentralized local control of cultural
affairs and education, this group would probably eagerly seize the opportunity
and many of them will then lend their support to the NP.

There also are groups especially among the youth, which are rather apathetic
and apolitical in their thinking.

The most important political group among the English speakers, however, is
the one that proclaims a rational "conviction about the future". Although
they usually support liberal viewpoints and accept the leadership of liberal-
minded persons, they are not entirely liberal in ideology. Their views are
often based on very practical analysis of political questions. They are
bitterly dissatisfied with government policies which in their opinion are
not realizable in practice...

They believe that there will have to be some form of sharing of power between
blacks and whites in the long run. They would like to see a policy which
accepts that reality now, while whites still have the power and influence to
set up and manage the new system in an orderly fashion.

In the foreseeable future, this group will remain very critical of government
policy. This critical: attitude must not be misunderstood. Frequently the
severe criticism of protest groups creates the impression that there is a
hostility among the English opposition groups toward reasonable white
conservativism and Afrikaner cultural efforts. This. is not the case.

My research clearly shows that the "determined" English opposition has quite
a bit of appreciation for Mr P.W. Botha's reform attempt, and that they are
just as determined as NP-people to oppose unreasonable expectations of a
white surrender. Such people live mainly in parts of the country where
economy and social structure are such’ that white and black cannot be separated
from each other without creating serious alienation and frustration.

As Marxists frequently very critically put it, their political endeavor is
merely to maintain stability by systematically coopting blacks.

The role of the English in politics is very interesting for two reasons.
First of all, the progressive English-speaking element within the NP will

63



to the mutual benefit of UNLA, Sudanese police,
customs: officials, and Arab traders.

However, there have been a-number of fire-fights
on. the Sudanese side of the border in the course of
“hot, pursuit?” by UNLA. The first documented
UNLA incursion into Sudan was in. April 1982 near
Nimule. UNLA: troops, having killed: a number of
civilians, fired qn a. Sudanese: army unit. About 20
UNLA troops were captured. No further-such incid-
ent appears.to: have occured until March this. year
during. the UNRF offensive. On 17 March UNLA
crossed the border at Karua, killing two Sudanese
and about 30 Ugandans; the following week it
entered’ Sudan near Kaya, killing three civilians and
abducting. 14 Ugandans, and..similarly. at Morote
where it: killed 1! civilians. On 23 June it entered at
Gboso, abducting five Ugandans; later it took 12
Ugandans. from Ajio. The Sudanese army,..which
has garrisons at Yei, Kaya, Nimule and Kajo-Kaji,
génerally. behaves with a decorum unrivalled by other
institutions: in the area. It plays a low-key role and
tries to avoid conflict.

Apart from continued, if vague, efforts to:extend
a rudimentary intelligence network among Ugandans
in southern Sudan, there:do not appear to have been
any notable incidents in July and August..Then in
mid-September a small group of Ugandans,' presu-
med to be working for the: Ugandan: government,
crossed into’ Sudan at Kajo-Kaji and went to. the
Mogiri refugee settlement camp, where they
attempted to persuade the refugee authorities to
hand over a number of alleged guerrillas who had
sought sanctuary as refugees.

A complication for the Ugandan government is
the large degree of tribal affinity between West Nile
province and southern Sudan. UNRF until recently
was composed of Madi people, accounting for about
half the guerrillas, Lubara people about a third and
Aringa the remainder. (The Lubara element has
dwindled of late because of differences with Maj.
Amin Onzi, the UNRF leader, who is Aringa).
Madi-speaking people in particular have a lot of
connections in southern Sudan.

Then there is a pool of ex-Idi Amin supporters
and henchmen? in southern Sudan. As has been well-
documented, an important reason for Amin’s ability
to stay in power was his reliance on southern Sud-
anese in senior posts in his security organisations.
Most of them were from the small Kakwa tribe (his
own tribe), which is more numerous in Sudan than
Uganda. Other Sudanese props‘came from the Madi,
Bari and Acholi-speaking people.

Until early 1982 there were undoubtedly substan-
tial connections between UNRF, which was then led
by Brig. Moses Ali, Amin’s former finance minister,

69



As cocoa provides 70 percent of Ghana's export revenue, this plunge has only
made things worse. The balance of payments deficit this year is expected to
reach 240 million dollars on a total budget of 1.2 billion, and it is the lack
of foreign currency to buy essential equipment which prevents the factories
from producing to capacity.

For instance there are 37 car and truck assembly plants which have not turned
out a single vehicle since 1978. It is estimated that factories are only
making between 15 and 20 percent of their potential, and even this is ex-
pected to drop rapidly following a cut in electricity output from the power-
ful Akossomk Dam because of the drought. .

Since 1 December consumers, including industry, have had power only every
other day.

Flight-Lieutenant Rawlings' awareness finally that revolutionary slogans
would not rebuild the-country, and that he must take even the harshest reality
into account, made him decide after 18 months in power that "shock treatment"
could not be avoided.

His frequent warnings that national recovery required "blood, sweat, and
. tears" were put into effect in the 1983 budget, delivered 6 months late at
the end of May.

Finance and Economy Minister Kwesi Botchwey announced price rises of up to
1,000 percent (for international air fares). Other products, such as cloth,
matches, beer and cigarettes, would go up by between 300 and 500 percent.

This initial "turn of the screw" certainly gave a shock to Ghanaians, even
though the minimum daily wage was almost doubled. Trade unions and the press
spoke of "strangulation" of the working classes.

But such measures could only please Western sources of credit, notably the
United States--which in June was accused of backing a mercenary landing toTM
overthrow the regime--and the International Monetary Fund.

A devaluation of the currency, the cedi, by 1,090 percent in October, accom-
panied by a new spate of price rises--petrol tripled in cost--enabled Ghana
to obtain 150 million dollars for 1984 from creditors meeting in Paris.

This sum will be devoted essentially to improving transport by repairing roads
and importing spare parts for trucks, renovating the cocoa industry, buying
fertiliser and helping the gold and manganese mines.

Western diplomats are openly pleased that Ghana has undertaken a sort of "re-
conversion" after the euphoria of revolution, and contacts with Libya which
were a bit too close for comfort.

One business man here commented that Ghanaians were realising more and more
that aid from socialist countries was more verbal than real, while Western
countries brought substantial economic help with fewer conditions attached.

14



training for our cadres, On the other hand, I have never received weapons from
the West, not even diplomatic support. I am therefore unable to say whether the
Soviet Union does or does not help us enough. If the United States were to provide
us with weapons, I could make comparisons.

[Question] Do you mean that you would like some military aid from the West to sup-
plement the aid coming from the East?

[Raswer/ Mozambique is a nonaligned country, We established diplomatic relations
with all countries. on’all continents, whatever their social, economic and political
systems,

(Question? What results do you expect from your visit to Europe?

/Bnswer/ Mine is not a-specifically military mission. It is a political and di-
plomatic visit with the basic objective of establishing economic cooperation. We
would like to have mutually profitable relations with Europe. At present the West
European countries and Mozambique are not dealing with one another on an equal
footing. Mozambique is still emerging from the effects of colonization.

"You Are Responsible" -
[Question And your Marxist convictions?

[Kaswer/ When the United States trades with the USSR, does that mean that the
United States is abandoning its political philosophy?

[Question Your regime's ideology then has not changed?
J&nswer/ No.

[Question] Your recently adopted economic program includes a plan for moving

population from the cities to the rural areas...

/Baswer/ We wish.to give our unemployed an opportunity to find work. At the pre-
sent time'a large proportion of the urban population is unemployed. In the short
term, farming is the sector where people can be productive, We need a large popu-
lation, but it must consist of workers.

[Question Why does Mozambique, a country with fertile soil and wealthy in raw
materials, experience ‘so much difficulty in feeding itself?

[Baswer/ That is the fault of Europe and the United States. In the final analysis
you are responsible for our hunger, because you were the colonialists and because
you encouraged illiteracy and ignorance among our people, As-a result we lack tech~
nology, mechanics, agronomists, veterinarians and physicians. We have no scientific
knowledge. AlI1 this we lack due to colonialism.

[Question7 What can the West do to remedy this situation?

19



who argued in favor of a ministry of education, something that the Government
found unacceptable, apparently in view of certain principles of the new
order. Nevertheless, we believe that these people will appreciate other
aspects of the Government's new plan. After all, that was already made quite
clear by certain reactions yesterday.

It must always be borne in mind that the Government has set. down a broad
educational framework in this document which has yet to be adapted to the new
constitutional arrangement and many details of which can only be worked out
later. ,

Finally, appreciation must be expressed for the work which the De Lange
Investigation Commission and the Provisional Educational Task Group have done
in the search for a better educational system for South Africa. Yesterday's
white paper clearly shows the merit of their work.

Border Area Conflict Potential
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 11 Nov 83 p 16
[Editorial: "Vulnerability of Limpopo Region"]

[Text] The terrorist attack on the evening of the day before yesterday once
again called attention to the vulnerability of the Limpopo Region.

Various incidents have already occurred in the region where the Limpopo
connects South Africa to Botswana, Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

The Kruger Wildlife Reserve on occasion has been the site of exchanges of
fire and even of terrorist activities.

Recently two South Africans were. killed by the Botswana police and a third
barely escaped with his life.

And on Tuesday, army personnel from Zimbabwe and Botswana shot at each other.

This is an extremely sensitive area where destabilization can turn into
reality and where irresponsible or intentionally aggressive actions or even
a misunderstanding could lead to armed confrontations and even war between
countries.

This is an area which is well suited for forays across borders. Thus, for’
example, Zimbabwe claims that it was not its soldiers who shot at Botswana's
soldiers, but Mr Joshua Nkomo's Zapu rebels. And it. accuses South Africa of
being their host.

Botswana is vulnerable because it permits refugee camps on its territory from
which people can undertake illegal operations in Zimbabwe or South Africa.
This in turn can lead to counterraids and conflicts with Botswana's police or
soldiers.

48



ZIMBABWE

MINISTER INSPECTS RESTRUCTURING EXERCISE
MBO51515 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 5 Jan 84

[Text] The chairman of the ZANU-PF Mashonaland West Province, Comrade Nathan
Shamuyarira, this morning completed a tour of four wards of the Kariba Dis—
trict. The purpose of the visit was to see how the party's restructuring
exercise has gone, and to have firsthand information on development projects
in the area. Comrade Shamuyarira, who is the minister of information, posts,
and telecommunications, visited (Msamba Karume) and (Siakobo), where he met
local chiefs and ZANU-PF leaders.

Among the issues highlighted by local leaders for the government to look into,
were the shortage of high price of mealie meal, the building of schools, the
construction of roads, and sinking boreholes.

Comrade Shamuyarira called on the Tonga people to start building brick houses
which, he said, would make it easier for the government to assist the people
in electrification and water projects. The minister expressed satisfaction at
the way the restructuring exercise was conducted. However, he expressed
concern at the lack of interministerial coordination at the implementation
stage of development projects. He cited the case of three clinics in the
(Nyaminyami) Council, which have been completed but are not functioning be-
cause of lack of water and personnel. Comrade Shamuyarira pointed out that
some of the equipment sent to assist in rural development had broken down be-
cause of poor supervision at implementation level.

CSO; 3400/479

93



ARMY, CONSTABLES ACCIDENTALLY FIGHT, KILL TWO

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 7 Dec 83 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/427

A BLOODY FIRE-FIGHT between
Army troops and Special ‘Constables
lead to the death of two members of the
-Security Forces according to the latest
inquest files handed-in to the Attorney

General’s. office.

The latest inquest files
are raw testament to the
senseless loss of lives in the
war-torn north. =~

They show how Army
troops and Special Con-
stables accidently am-
bushed each other in
Owambo leaving two men

dead and two wounded.

One man from each
group was killed in the fire-
fight in which the two.
patrols fought each other
with the frenzy they
thought was reserved for
their foes.

The Special Constable
patrol were in search of
marauding guerillas 15km
north east of Ondangwa on
February 18.

They were bodyguards
of the former Member of.
the Ministers’ Council, Mr
Tara Imbili.

In the darkness of night

they stumbled into a tem-
porary military base.

As the bodyguards ap-
proached the base a
rifleman standing guard
reported that a group of
“armed. Black men in
camouflage ~ uniforms”
were approaching.

“We thought they were
terrorists because our in-
formation was that there
were no other soldiers on
patrol in the area,”
Rifleman Rol
Sivewright, 19, said to the
Attorney-General in a.
statement.

“We opened fire on.a
range of 25 metres. The
fire was returned im-
mediately”.

A volley of machinegun
fire shattered-the silence of
the night.

For six minutes hot lead
rained from rifle barrels.

31

In the cross-fire national
serviceman Mark Basson,
20, was shot in the back.

The bullet cut through
his heart, aorta and lungs
and he was in an acute
condition.

A helicopter was radioed
to perform a casualty
evacuation.

But rifleman Basson
died 20 minutes before it
arrived.

A Special Constable was

:the second fatality in the
“unscheduled battle.

When firing ‘ceased it
was found the Special Con-
stables had been mistaken
for Swapo insurgents,

Three’ Special Con-
stables had been wounded.

One of the wounded men
was lifted by the helicopter
in the emergency flight.

But he died died later in
the helicopter, according to
Rifleman Sivewright.

He was not named.

At the inquest hearing
into the death of Rifleman
Basson in Ondangwa on
October 31, Magistrate
AH Coetzer returned a
verdict of undecided
liability.



However, political and financial circles here stress that, while the measures
adopted to redress the situation might be courageous, and even politically
dangerous for the regime, they will have positive and lasting effects only
in the long term.

The departure of a great number of skilled people because of the regime's
policies after the revolution threatens to be a major handicap for the 3-year
recovery programme, it was pointed out.

"They are not going to return to Ghana to tighten their belts, and still less
to refloat a regime which brought about their losses," one source remarked.

The low salaries being paid in Ghana will also not encourage them to return.
A top civil servant earns between 1,000 and 1,500 cedis a month, or between
7 and 10 dollars at the black market rate of exchange.

The massive devaluation of the cedi has had no effect on the parallel market,
where the dollar buys 150 cedis compared with 30 at the official rate.

As a result, administrative offices are regularly empty, as their occupants
try to supplement their income with another job or in clandestine dealings.

It is a practice which Flight-Lieutenant Rawlings’ "holy war on corruption"
has not been able to eradicate.

Ghana's creditors are to meet again at the end of 1984 to decide if they will
provide another 250 million dollars for 1985, and 300 million for 1986.

cso: 3400/477

15



[Answer] I have made my standpoint clear, to the Indian council, among
others. I do not regard it as my task to carry on a campaign among them.
If I am asked, I will repeat my message.

[Question] Don't you think that you threatened the whites, coloreds and
Indians against participation?

[Answer] What did I threaten them with? I am not even armed, and I do not
lead armed people. I do not see how I can threaten whites who are armed to
the teeth, I still do not believe in violence. I merely said that my people's
anger can explode because they are excluded. Perhaps more blacks may leave
the country now.

To the colored and Indians I only said that the constitution is a recipe for
conflict. Blacks will be hurt if coloreds and Indians, whom they regard as
their brothers, become junior partners in the system of suppression of
blacks.

I know.my people and I work among them. Just as in March 1976, when I felt
the approach of ad predicted that the June riots were coming, I now feel
that the new division will bring more conflict between white and black and
between black and black.

[Question] What non-violent strategies remain?

[Answer] . There are many possibilities which blacks have not yet used, such
as their power as workers and as consumers.

[Question] You once said that you would revise your stand on the withdrawal
of foreign investment in the event of a strong yes-vote. What now?

[Answer] I realize that disinvestment cannot topple the government and that
it would mean hardships for my people, but it remains a possible non-violent
strategy.

[Question] If you could choose again, would you carry on a similar campaign
for;a no-vote?

[Answer] Certainly. I can do nothing else and still maintain my. credibility
among my people. As I already said, blacks regard the constitution as .
rejection of them by white South Africa, just like what happened in 1910 with
the marriage of convenience between the Boers and the British.

[Question] Wasn't the referendum merely a matter which concerned the whites?
[Answer] Only people who live in a paradise of fools claim that. I ama

South African and, like it or not, I will be governed by the constitution.
Black interests are represented by the executive president.

59



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

SRV SENDS SOLIDARITY MESSAGE--Luanda, 5 Jan (ANGOP)--The Vietnamese people and
government have manifested their indignation at the arrogance of the racist
South Africans, who recently intensified their attacks on the Angolan provinces
of Huila, Cunene and Cuando-Kubango (southern Angola). In a message addressed
to his Angolan counterpart, Vietnamese Foreign Minister Nguyen Co Thach in fact
reaffirmed that the warmongering activities of the apartheid regime openly
violate the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Angola as
well as international laws and at the same time constitute a challenge to the
progressive community of Africa and the whole world. "It is evident that the
racists of South Africa, supported and encouraged by the North American imper-
ialists and the reactionary circles of the West, will not easily abandon their
maneuvers to undermine stability in southern Africa," said Nguyen Co Thach who
reiterated the solidarity and support of his government and the people of
Vietnam for the revolutionary cause of the Angolan people and its armed wing,
the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola]. [Text]
[4B051536 Luanda ANGOP in French 1120 GMT 5 Jan 84]

JORGE MEETS BRITISH, OTHER ENVOYS--Paulo Teixeira Jorge, the Angolan minister
of foreign affairs, the day before yesterday received separately the ambassa-
dors of Great Britain, Marrack Goulding; Czechoslovakia, Milos Vesely; and
Algeria, (Jamal Haddins Yama). On the same day Comrade Paulo Jorge also re-
ceived the ambassadors of Egypt, Ahmed Nabil al-Salawi; Vietnam, Ho Tu Truc;
Saharan Democratic Republic, (Ammedhou Zuile); and East Timor, Roque Rodrigues.
The Angolan foreign affairs minister also met the Yugoslavian and Italian
charges d'affaires. During these meetings discussions were held about bi-
lateral relations.

cso: 3442/120



"We have no complains over inputs because we have enough fertiliser and seeds."

The Central Committee member was impressed by Kitwe council's efforts to estab-
lish one of the largest mixed-farming projects in the country.

“If all district councils take their responsibilities in this direction ser-
dously, I don't see why they cannot start making profits to supplement the
cost of services to their communities."

Kitwe council commercial manager Mr Oswald Katakwe told Mr Kamanga the council
had already paid 90 per cent of the K150,000 for the farm from the Rural De-
velopment Corporation and had now brought in 869 head of beef cattle.

The farm's poultry department was being expanded.

Later in Chingola, Mr Kamanga said the Party may set up a State farm in each of
the country's district as a way of encouraging local people to produce more
food, reports Zana. .

He said this when he visited a 20-hectare maize farm belonging to Chingola dis-
trict council.

He spoke after acting Chingola district governor, Mr David Masupa, observed
that State farms should be decentralised "to district level so that struggling
farmers may copy modern farming methods from them".

Mr Kamanga said the idea of a State farm for every district was good but would,
however, depend on how successful those being set up in all provinces would be.

cso: 3400/422

91



cso:

3400/427

was paid for it and what did South West Africa get out
of it - the owner, and the custodian of that wealth.
The moment inquiries are made, the questioner is in-

“undated with abuse and high-falutia English expressions

which looks very learned on paper; but which in terms
of helping this stricken land is but a further example of
the abuse with which we are treated by our various
government systems, and of course those owning our
natural resources who are in all cases foreigners.
The fish’ industry died, as a result of pillaging. The
helpless cry is that the ‘Communist block robbed’ us
while it is mainly South African scavengers who did the
plundering.
i We are not far from a similar fate in regard to min-
ing. .

36



NIGER

TAHOUA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION PROJECT EXPLAINED
Niamey SAHEL HEBDO in French 5 Dec 83 pp 11-13

Flext] The Tahoua production program originates in the cooperation between_the
Niger and the FRG by way of the GTZ [German ‘Agency for Technical Cooperation/.
Since 1980, when it started, the project has stirred intensive action: For the
growth of farm output by simple and profitable techniques within reach of the
farmers and with a view to self-sufficiency in food supplies; for the emplacement
of a participative structure; for an increase in rural incomes and, finally, the
restoration of the ecological balance,

Actually these are the principal objectives defined and undertaken by the project
that, in order to well conduct its operations on the spot and taking into account
the needs of the farmers, is composed of four principal sections--the nerve .center
of the project .is headed by Tassiou Aminou, an agricultural engineer. The follow-
ing are the principal sections:. The popularization section, managed by Heyd Jean-
Charles; the training section, directed by Soumana Goudia; the applied research
section, headed by Batoure Ibrahim and, lastly, the land asset section, managed by
Dr Helmut Woehl,' GTZ representative with the project.

Let me emphasize that the project at Tahoua departmental level has defined its
proper zones of action; they amount to four and are the districts of Tahoua, Keita,
Bouza and Madaoua.

Thése regions were chosen from’the aspect of the density of population in each zone,
the acuteness of agricultural problems, the physical representativeness, the agri-
cultural calling, subregional equilibrium and the prediction of zones of expansion.

Letus now look at the roles and operations of each section since the project start-
ed.

The popularization section's scope of operations relies on the cooperatives to re-
cord the needs of the cooperators from the aspect of agricultural input, seeing that
it is the objective of popularization to have more and more farmers--organized in.
groups--participate in the popularization of the topics proposed, with the aim to
associate as many farmers-as possible with popularization, to speed up the spread
of innovations and, finally, to get the farmers to discuss their proper problems.

39