126042

JPRS-SSA-87-024

18 MARCH 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-87-024

18 MARCH 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

CAMEROON

Briefs

World Bank Loan

CONGO

Briefs

FRG Loan Agreement

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

South African Activities in Country Denied

KENYA

Business Seeks Clear Cut Investment Policy

(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, Dec 86)

Oil Price Slump Casts Shadow Over Exploration Hopes

(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, Dec 86) '.....

Tea Strategy Runs Up Against Conflict of Interests

(AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST, Dec 86)

NAMIBIA

'Apolitical' Group Formed: Chaired by Van Zijl

(THE STAR, 9 Feb 87) 12

Population Increase Since 1981 Reported

(SAPA, 17 Feb 87) 13

Windhoek Warned That It Could Face Squatter Problem

(THE STAR, 4 Feb 87) 14

- a -
RSA Publications Committee Bans 16 Jan NAMIBIAN

(SAPA, 20, 23 Feb 87) 15

Security Threat Seen 15

Ban To Be Retracted 16

Major Firms Interested in Developing Gas Fields

(THE STAR, 11 Feb 87) 17

Briefs

SWAPO Dismisses Autonomy Announcement 18

SIERRA LEONE

Momoh Discusses Tactics, IMF, Banking, Debts

(Joseph Saidu Momoh; WE YONE, 16 Jan 87) 19

Foreign Minister Kanu Optimistic About Foreign Reserves

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 9 Jan 87) 22

Acute Banknote Shortage Slows Business Transactions

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 26 Jan 87) 23

Salary Review Report Presented to Government

(WE YONE, 23 Jan 87) 25

New Inflation Fighting. Association Formed

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 20 Dec 86) 26

FRG Assistance, On-Going Projects Reviewed

(SUNDAY WE YONE, 7 Dec 86) 27

Japanese Present Free Rice Grant

(WE YONE, 9 Jan 87) 29

Jamil Rules Out Government Joint Ventures

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 9 Jan 87) 30

Jamil Assists Pujehum Following Diamond Discovery

(WE YONE, 23 Jan 87) 32

National Identification Card Scheme Initiated

(WE YONE, 12 Dec 86) 33

Daru Training Unit Slated To Be Full Battalion

(WE YONE, 23 Dec 86) 34

TANZANIA

Briefs

CSSR Construction Aid 35

- b -
ZIMBABWE

Relief Fuel Supplies Ordered From South Africa

(Michael Hartnack; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Jan 87) 36

EEC Financed Export Promotion Program Gets Under Way

(THE HERALD, 12 Feb 87) 37

Japan To Fund Harare Crop Forecast Center

(THE HERALD, 17 Feb 87) •

38

Deputy Urges Parastatal Managers Not To Become Burden to State

(THE HERALD, 13 Feb 86) 39

Briefs

Barter Deal With Hungary for Motor Vehicle Spare Parts 41

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Heunis Committed to Negotiations, Reform Process

(SAPA, 16 Feb 87) 42

President Botha on West Encouraging Revolutionaries

(SAPA, 17 Feb 87) • 43

Minister Rejects Concept of Integrated State Schools

(SAPA, 17 Feb 87) 44

Government Offers Cash Award to Track Security Force Attackers

(THE HERALD, 5 Feb 87) 45

Malan Promises Continued SADF Security Commitment

(SAPA, 14 Feb 87) 46

Government Drops Prosecution of 8 ECC Detainees

(SAPA, 16 Feb 87) 47

Government Seeks Purchase of Non-White-Owned Housing

(SAPA, 16 Feb 87) 48

'Well-Known Nationalist' Resigns From NP

(SAPA, 18 Feb 87) 49

Navy Reportedly Discriminates Against Colored Instructors

(BUSINESS DAY, 11 Feb 87) 50

Cabinet Approves Mossel Bay Fuels Project

(SAPA, 19 Feb 87) 51

- c -
Briefs

SADF Dismisses Claims of Border Violations 52

BLACKS

UDF President Holds News Conference in London

(SAPA, 19 Feb 87; BBC World Service, 20 Feb 87) .. 53

Archie Gumede Speaks 53

Discusses Violence Provoked in Townships 54

UDF Leader 'Disappointed' by Talks With UK's Chalker

(PANA, 24 Feb 87) 56

UDF Publishes Memorandum on Vigilantes

(SOWETAN, 20 Feb 87) 57

PFP Monitoring Group Investigates Uitenhage Violence

(Jo-Ann Bekker; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 13-19 Feb 87)

PFP's Eglin Outlines Views on Issues

(Colin Eglin Interview; THE SUNDAY STAR, 15 Feb 87)

60

PAC Secretary Discusses Nature of Struggle in Townships

(Ahmed Gora Ebrahim Interview; THE HERALD, 17 Feb 87) ... 62

Drive Launched To Collect Rent Arrears in PE Townships

(CITY PRESS, 8 Feb 87) 63

Onverwacht Refugees Fear Incorporation Into QwaQwa

(Laureen Platsky; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 13-19 Feb 87) 64

Oukasie Residents Live in Hardship Waiting for Forced Removal

(Sol Morathi; CITY PRESS, 8 Feb 87) 65

Briefs

ANC Rejects UK Call 67

Eviction Threat 67

'Imbokodo' Vigilantes Reported Active 67

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

68

PFP Identifying Candidates, Planning Strategy

(SAPA, 15 Feb 87) 71

DPSC Releases Figures on Detained Children

(SAPA, 16 Feb 87) 73

Country Suffers 'Massive Brain Drain' in 1987

(David Braun; THE STAR, 20 Feb 87) 75

d -
50,000 Mozambican Refugees Given Six-Month Stay Permit

(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 10 Feb 87) 77

Government Continues Crackdown on Illegal Aliens

(Dianna Games; BUSINESS DAY, 10 Feb 87) 78

DET To Reopen Remaining Eastern Cape Schools

(SAPA, 20 Feb 87) 79

DET Reports on School Unrest in 1986

(SAPA, 23 Feb 87) 80

Commentary Views Need for Media Curbs During Elections

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 16 Feb 87) 82

Media Survey Catalogs Allotment of SABC Air Time

(SAPA, 20 Feb 87) 84

PFP Threatens Court Action Over SABC Bias

(SAPA, 20 Feb 87) 85

COSATU Holds Regional Congress in Cape

(SAPA, 15 Feb 87) > 86

Stilfontein Miners Tell of Torture by Private Police

(Phillip Van Niekerk; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 13-19 Feb 87) .... 87

Union Leader Hopes OK Strike Resolved After Meeting

(BBC World Service, 12 Feb 87) 89

Hendrickse Urges Critics To Identify Themselves

(Johannesburg Television Service, 24 Feb 87) 91

Hendrickse Warns Against Leftists Misleading Youth

(Johannesburg Television Service, 24 Feb 87) 92

Briefs

Israeli Diplomat Ends Visit 93

1986 Immigration Totals 7,364 93

New All-Race Bus Service 93

ECONOMIC

Inflation Rate Registers 'Technical' Decrease

(SAPA, 23 Feb 8.7) 94

Finance Minister Welcomes Decrease in Inflation Rate

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 24 Feb 87) 95

Commentary Discusses Harmful Effects of Sanctions

(Johannesburg International Service, 26 Feb 87) 96

- e -
Number of Jobs Drops by 163,000

(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 13 Feb 87) .. 97

Unemployment Report Urges Labor Policy Change

(SAPA, 16 Feb 87) 98

Finance Minister Defends Economic Policies

(SAPA, 16 Feb 87) 99

Commentary Hails Economic Strength, Resilience

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 24 Feb 87) 101

Standard Bank Figures Reveal Activities Contribution to GDP

(Helena Patten; BUSINESS DAY, 11 Feb 87) 103

Experts Note Difficulty of Bypassing Sanctions in Steel Sector

(Hamish Mclndoe; BUSINESS, 10 Feb 87) 104

Briefs

Canada's Moore Corp Divests 105

British Rover Group To Sell Subsidiary 105

Bank of Tokyo Closes Johannesburg Office " 105

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Carmaker Denies Plans To Cut Links With UK

(SAPA, 20 Feb 87) 106

Briefs

Taiwan Creates Jobs in Homelands 107

Kentucky Fried Chiken To Divest 107

Tourism From Europe, Japan Increasing 107

Emigration Acceleration 108

Barclays' Contacts With ANC Reported 108

Economically Active Population Report 108

U.S. Company Divests Interests 108

Barclays Chairman Urges Reforms 108

Sanctions-Busting Organization Launched 109

Safocean Disbanded 109

/9986

- f
CAMEROON

BRIEFS

WORLD BANK LOAN—Cameroon and the World Bank recently signed a loan agreement

worth some 40 million francs CFA for the execution of our (?fifth) road

project. Cameroon is the first African country since 1982 to benefit from

such a loan. The project is aimed at putting an end to the land-locked state

of a number of regions in the country. [Summary] [Yaounde Domestic Service

in English 1400 GMT 23 Jan 87 AB] /9599

CSO: 3400/102
CONGO

BRIEFS

FRG LOAN AGREEMENT—Within the framework of a new financial cooperation

agreement signed 28 January between the FRG and Congo, the FRG has granted the

government of Congo a loan of 583.2 million CFA francs and a nonrefundable

financial contribution worth 226.8 million CFA francs to carry out a rural

water supply project. [Dakar PANA in French 1053 GMT 28 Jan 87 AB] /9599

CSO: 3400/102
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

BRIEFS

SOUTH AFRICAN ACTIVITIES IN COUNTRY DENIED--Speculations that apartheid

South Africa is engaging in agricultural activities and constructing an

air field in neighbouring Equatorial Guinea has been denied by the country's

military adviser in Lagos, Capt. Lucas Oyono-Nsue, the Sunday Times newspaper

reported Sunday. The News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) reported on 3 Jan that

the racist regime had large agricultural investments in Equatorial Guinea,

quoting the Minister of External Affairs, Prof. Bolaji Akinyemi. "Equatorial

Guinea can never and will never accept any form of co-operation with

apartheid South Africa," the paper quoted Capt. Oyono-Nsue as saying. (NAN/

PANA)[Text][Addis Ababa in English 20 Jan 87 p 6]/12828

CSO: 3400/49
KENYA

BUSINESS SEEKS CLEAR CUT INVESTMENT POLICY

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST (Special Report) in English Dec 86 p 21

[ Tex t] WHEN Kenya finally issued its long-awaited

policy paper on economic development in the

next 15 years, the business community was

enthusiastic and expressed hopes that the

stagnating level of level of foreign investment

might soon improve.

Most of the private sector's demands were

in the sessional paper put before parliament

in March — a review of state control on

consumer prices, streamlining of investment

approval procedures, reduced state participation in industry and provision for foreign

firms to borrow locally.

But much of the initial enthusiasm has died.

In his June budget speech, Finance Minister George Saitoti reiterated the government's commitment to the incentives, but no

provision was made in the budget itself. Price

controls, burdensome red tape and parastatals remain. The general perception in the

business community is that the reforms

should have been introduced this year, while

the economy is healthy thanks to low oil

prices and high coffee earnings.

Foreign investors' disenchantment increased with President Moi's repeated calls

for indigenisation of businesses, 51 per cent

Kenyan participation in future large-scale

joint ventures and a five-day working week.

Kenyan officials have since spent much time

privately and publicly reassuring businessmen and diplomats that the calls were not to

be interpreted too literally, and that any

enterprise wishing to set up in Kenya would

still be welcome, "even in a 100 per cent

venture."

High taxation has also acted as a disincentive to potential foreign investors, with local

tax on corporations amounting to 45 per cent

and withholding tax 15 per cent.

Joseph Wanjui, chairman of East African

Industries (EAI) — a subsidiary of the UK's

Unilever — largely summarised the feelings

of the business community when he told a

management seminar that: "By restraints

limiting business to only dwarf-sized profits

we have stunted the growth of investment

capital and thereby deprived the economy of

normal development."

Wanjui believes only free-market forces

should determine return of investment, but

that "in Kenya, business has been living

without this consistency. No dependable estimate of earnings can be made, even by the

well-established companies. This renders

impossible any intelligent long-term planning

for additional investment or reinvestment."

EAI has in the past experienced fluctuations

in yields which "can only be described as

wild," largely as a result of the "inhospitable

effect of price controls," he continued. The

company's return on capital fell from 45.4 per

cent in 1976 to 7.8 per cent in 1981. Taking

inflation into account, the yields dropped from

27.3 per cent to 2.7 per cent respectively.

The soft drinks industry is probably the

hardest hit by price controls, with a small

bottle of carbonated drink retailing for less

than KSh 3 ($0.19). This largely contributed

to Cadbury-Schweppes' decision to sell its

local interests. Others have done the same,

including the US' Firestone Tire & Rubber

Company, Mobil Corporation and First

National Bank of Chicago and TwentiethCentury Fox Film Corporation and the UK's

Marshall's Universal. A number of companies, like Bank of America and Hilton

International, have substantially lowered

their equity shares.

Kenya's economy took a severe blow after

the 1982 coup attempts, with direct investment dropping from $82.5 million to $49.9 the

following year. A slight recovery followed,

such investment going up to $54 million .in

1984, but other long-term capital injections

plummmeted from $311.8 million in 1979 to

$125.1 million in 1984. Although there has

been no substantial drop over the past five
^ears in the total level of US and UK investment — estimated at $325 million and $1,500

million respectively—neither has there been

any growth.

But new investment is taking place, often

with a substantial local component. EAI recently finalised a $34 million project to develop an edible oil industry, with a large

portion of the funds drawn locally.

Del Monte, which accounts for about one

third of total US investment in Kenya, has

launched a major expansion programme, as

have several hotels, including Hilton. In addition, plans are under way for the construction

of a Meridien hotel, managed by the international group with the majority share holding in

Kenyan hands. Sheraton and Holiday Inns

are considering similar projects.

"The real constraint is not money, there is

plenty of that at the moment, what the country

needs is technical investments and foreign

expertise," says one diplomat in Nairobi.

This, he adds, will become increasingly important as Kenya moves away from largescale import-substitution industries to

medium-scale export-oriented enterprises.

Officials like to point to the recently opened

KSh110 million ($6.8 million) leatherprocessing plant in Thika as the type of

investment they would welcome. Agribusiness is another sector which Kenya

would like to expand. A team of consultants

from the American Society of Agricultural

Consultants International which recently visited said they found several good opportunities for investments ranging from $500,000-5

million. Exports of exotic horticultural produce have also been increasingly profitable.

But businessmen and diplomats believe

Kenya will have to formulate and apply a

clear-cut policy on foreign participation in the

economy, particularly in the light of often

confusing official statements on "Africanisation," "Kenyanisation" and "indigenisation."

The type of deal investors are looking for is

that given to oil-exploration companies, like

Mobil, Amoco, Total and Petro-Canada International Assistance Corporation, which

account for most of the new inflows (see page

23). These provide "the kind of legal

framework we are used to," one participant

says. "We have a pricing guarantee and have

no difficulty in bringing in our people and

equipment." PM

/12828

CSO: 3400/125
KENYA

OIL PRICE SLUMP CASTS SHADOW OVER EXPLORATION HOPES

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST (Special Report) in Englich Dec 86 pp 23-25

[Text]

THOMAS LAPINSKI, managing director of

Amoco Kenya Petroleum Company,

spends a fair amount of time reminding

people there's an odds-on chance no oil

will be found in western Kenya.

The enthusiasm is all very recent. All 17

wells drilled in the country since the 1950s

had concentrated on the coastal/offshore

belt and the Lamu embayment, and William Okoth - the Energy & Regional Development Ministry's chief geologist- says

when he first tried to convince the authorities of the Rift Valley's potential in the late

1970s he was considered crazy.

But Chevron's discovery of oil in neighbouring southern Sudan in 1978 changed

all that. The launch in January 1982 of the

first co-ordinated exploration programme

- within a modern production-sharing regime and sponsored by the World Bank -

sparked such interest that much of Nairobi

came to feel a commercial discovery was

virtually a foregone conclusion.

A discovery of any size would transform

Kenya's balance of payments position. The

value of petroleum imports rose 15.1 per

cent in 1985 to a five-year record of

KSh 7,500 million ($466 million), or 31 per

cent of the total import bill. In contrast,

exports of petroleum products, which have

traditionally helped to cushion the oil import bill, fell 17 per cent, to KSh 2,360

million ($146.7 million), and volumes dropped to 612,000 tonnes from 702,000 tonnes in 1984. Officials are reluctant to make

any projections of potential savings at this

stage, but are clearly hoping for a find of at

least 10,000-12,000 barrels a day, equivalent to Kenya's domestic requirements.

Amoco holds the lion's share of the

singling out the Rift Valley area independently of the World Bank promotion programme, drawing on a 1983/84 seismic

study by geology students from Duke

university which showed thick sedimentary

structures - possibly connected with the

oil-rich Gulf of Suez - in the lakes region.

This knowledge enabled Amoco to clinch

the plum number 10 concession, taking in

Lake Turkana, even before the fledgling

petroleum exploration unit within the Energy & Regional Development Ministry made

its presentation to international oil companies in Paris in September 1984. Its offer

to drill two wells in an initial three-year

period was described by Okoth as "so

good we couldn't refuse it."

The rest of the concessions with particular promise of oil - as opposed to the gas

thought more probable in the Karoo further

south - were quickly snapped up at the

Paris meeting, with Kenya's political stability and relatively high degree of foreign

investment protection providing added incentives for companies. Block 9, next to

block 10 in the Rift Valley, attracted the

heaviest competition: a consortium led by

Compagnie Francaise des Petroles (CFPTotal) and US-based Marathon Oil Company and Mobil Corporation beat off offers

from Amoco and Esso, part of the US'

Exxon Corporation. Amoco, however, secured blocks 2 and 3, with Belgium's Fina

taking a 25 per cent stake in the former,

and block 4 around Garissa was reserved

for the government in conjunction with

Petro-Canada International Assistance

Corporation (PCIAC) as part of a

$Can 19.4 million ($14 million) assistance

programme agreed in May 1984.
But the initial euphoria surrounding the

programme has threatened to evaporate

almost as quickly as it emerged. The

shadow cast by the crude price slump over

worldwide exploration was followed by the

announcement in July that PCIAC's Kencan 1 well was stopped dry at 4,000

metres.

Okoth admits the price tall will have an

"inevitable" impact on Kenya's programme, although as a marginal region offering

potential "windfall profits" it should come

off better than areas where a clearer picture of reserves has already been gained.

He points out that only one well has been

drilled for every 16,500 square kilometres -

just a "drop of water in the sea" compared

with the 80 in 80,000 in the Gulf of Suez -

while only three were properly sited by

today's standards.

Industry sources claim there is a temptation for companies to scale down the pace

of exploration, by such means as horsetrading over the depths of wells to be

drilled, while the authorities are in a weaker

position when it comes to negotiating over

new concessions. For example, Union and

Marathon are understood to be driving a

hard bargain in current negotiations for

block 8, into which the sedimentary area

extends, with reports savina they want UD

to double the amount of cost oil Kenya

agreed earlier in the 1980s.

But if there had to be a crash, it came at

the best possible time for Kenya, leaving

the oil majors' hands more or less tied just

weeks after committing themselves to

programmes for all of 1986. With the contract terms stipulating that 50 per cent of

each concession be handed back after an

initial three or four-year period, it is in the

companies' own interests to do enough to

ensure they retain the most promising

areas.

"Kenya started its programme in the nick

of time, just before the price collapse,"

says Total's finance administration manager Philippe Roy, who is in charge of a $16

million exploration budget for block 9. "We

cannot expect results for three to five

years, and in this time the price is bound to

go up. We have had no problems with head

office over our budget and we're feeling

very optimistic." The company has only

awarded one major subcontract, however,

to Geosource of the US, for 3,000

kilometres of seismic work. A truer testing

of the financial waters will come early in

1987, when Total invites tenders for drilling

the one well it is committed to in its initial

three-year period.

The experience of Amoco, which is

slightly more advanced with operations,

indicates that the general depression in

exploration can sometimes work to the

majors' advantage, especially in countries

like Kenya which has become something

of a regional service centre for east Africa.

Costs for the initial period - which Amoco

put at $22 million for 10, $6.5 million for

block 2 and $3 million for 3 in 1985 - could

prove something of an overestimate,

Lapinski reckons. "Competition has forced

down prices," he maintains. "The cost of

doing business has changed as contractors become more hungry for work."

Once again, a clearer picture will

emerge by the end of 1986, when Amoco is

due to award a hotly contested contract to

drill its first two exploratory wells in block 2

as part of a job that also covers two wells in

its Lake Rukwa concession in Tanzania

and two in Burundi. Sites for the block 2

wells, to be drilled to just over 2,000

metres, have been identified by reinterpreting old seismic data shot by Chevron in

the early 1970s; strategic tests will then try

to assess some very old and deep rock

structures, more complex than the Rift

Valley, before further seismic data is shot

later in 1986 to decide whether to do more

drilling.

A water well north of Wajir has already

shown some stains of oil, but it is in this sort

of geological area that world price prospects could be crucial. This may be even

truer in a block such as 3, where previous

wells have yielded nothing and it is reckoned a new one would need to go to a

depth of at least 4,240 metres. Amoco has

managed to postpone a decision to drill

here until mid-1986, when it will have

completed a two-to-three-month seismic

survey.

Economics are also deemed important

in the prime block 10, where exploration

manager Mike Reynolds puts the chance

of an oil strike at "no more than 10 per

cent... a normal chance." Amoco

geologists have identified some promising

structures as shallow as 1,500 metres, and

reconnaisance surveys over 2,000

kilometres and a coring programme to sink

600-metre sampling holes have thrown up

three particularly interesting areas in the

Chalbi desert, Lotikipi plain and

sedimentary basin east of Lodwar. But

prudence will be Amoco's watchword in

the concession, where it has decided to

double the amount of seismic before starting serious drilling in 1988.
Lapinski points to the doubling of seismic in block 10 as proof that, far from

retrenching its east African operation,

Amoco attaches such value to its frontier

status that it has decided to accelerate it.

This statement is borne out by the new floor

being fitted out in its plush offices in

Nairobi's National Bank Building to

accommodate all the new staff expected in

1987. He warns, however, that "finding oil

is one thing, developing it is another,"

particularly in an onshore block such as 10

where the long pipelines required to transport the crude would mean only substantial

reserves would be viable.

The breathing space before Amoco has

to make its final evaluation of prospects for

block 10 will hopefully enable oil prices to

stage at least a partial recovery. Ministry

•officials also hope for a healthier international climate before they organise their

third round of promotional bidding in 1989

or 1990, concentrating on the rest of the

tertiary rift.

This $9.6 million exploration phase - for

which the World Bank has agreed to lend a

further $6 million - will concentrate on

gravity surveys and proper geochemical

sampling down the virgin areas of the Rift

Valley south of block 10 to beyond Lake

Nakuru, where a lot of volcanic structures

start to mitigate against oil. Work proper

should start in early 1987 with the appointment of a consultant - tipped by industry

sources to be Bureau d'Etudes Industrielles & de Cooperation de l'lnstitut Francais

du Petrole (BEICIP), which handled earlier

phases.

In the meantime, the focus is very much

on developing the expertise of the Kenya

National Oil Corporation team in drilling

and production techniques, design of a

monitoring system and general management of petroleum resources. The team

has already drawn high praise for its competence and ease to work with but. as

Okoth points out: "The government will

have to reimburse all costs in case of a

discovery. We must ensure that every

penny of that money they spend is directly

attributable to petroleum exploration."

/12828

CSO: 3400/125
KENYA

TEA STRATEGY RUNS UP AGAINST CONFLICT OF INTERESTS

London AFRICA ECONOMIC DIGEST (Special Report) in English Dec 86 pp 12-13

[Text]

THERE was a sizeable storm in a tea cup

earlier in 1986 when rumours circulated

that Kenyans were to be discouraged from

drinking what they universally regard as

their national beverage.

The reports reflected mounting concern

about the high proportion — 12.6 per cent

in the past two years — of the number two

foreign exchange earner retained for

domestic consumption.

Officials have been quick to smooth over

the affair as a "misunderstanding," but it

still highlights just one of the difficulties

inherent in the government's ambitious

strategy to triple tea exports by 2000, while

taking only a marginal amount of land away

from food production. Along with coffee —

which it very nearly dislodged as Kenya's

top export earner in 1984 — tea has been

chosen as the foundation for achieving the

5 per cent annual increase in agricultural

incomes the government deems vital to

absorb burgeoning population growth and

create rural jobs to keep hungry mouths

away from the rapidly swelling cities.

One of the crop's main attractions is its

labour-intensiveness; a mid-1970s study,

for example, showed that 3,200 hours of

labour are required a year for each hectare

of tea, compared with 2,500 for coffee and

just 800 for local maize.

The very high aspirations for tea were

moulded during the bumper 1985 harvest,

when output of made tea rose 27 per cent

to a five-year high of 147 million kilos. They

reflect the increased plantings following

1984's price boom and the striking 33 per

cent rise to 1,262 kilos in yields per hectare

by smallholders — who now account for

48.5 per cent of national production — in

the space of 12 months. But above all, and

in marked contrast to coffee, there is no

international quota system to constrain

exports — although international prices

have previously proved a powerful growth

regulator.

The tea strategy, formally launched in

sessional paper number one of 1986, has

three main prongs:

D Output from commercial estates owned

by members of the Kenya Tea Growers'

Association (KTGA) — notably the big five

of the Brooke Bond group, James Finlay

(East Africa) Holding, George Williamson

Kenya, Eastern Produce Africa and Mitchell Cotts Kenya—to be more than doubled

to 123.9 million kilos. Analysts agree on the

broad feasibility of increasing yields by 1.5

per cent a year — largely through gradual

replanting with high-yielding clones originally developed for the smallholder sector

even though Kenya's estates are

already the most productive in the world,

accounting for more than half national

output from just one third of the total area

under tea. More controversial is the call tor

25 per cent of land within estate boundaries to be turned over to tea, to yield an

additional 34.1 million kilos by 2000.

D Similar yield increases will be required

from smallholders under the Kenya Tea

Development Authority (KTDA) umbrella,

coupled with an extensive infilling programme to replace the many bushes that

have withered away and a 50 per cent

increase in planted area. The aim is to

boost output to 128 million kilos by 2000,

compared with the record smallholder

crop of 53 million kilos in 1984 — a highly

ambitious goal, even for an organisation

with KTDA's impressive track record.
KTDA has swelled from 2,400 affiliated

farmers producing 2 per cent of total

national output when it was set up in 1964

, to more than 150,000 farmers, growinq

almost half the national crop on 56 000

hectares just 20 years later.

Development of the government-owned

Nyayo tea zones encircling forest belts to

stop squatters encroaching further on

Kenya's precious tree reserves. About

6,000 hectares will be planted by 2000

with a projected 10 million-kilo yield President Moi announced in November that a

new government parastatal — Nyayo Tea

Zone Development Corporation — will be

set up to manage and develop the plantations (AED 15:11:86). Clearing and planting has already started, but with tea

bushes taking five to eight years to mature

the zones will not prove their worth until the

early 1990s.

The sessional paper's proposals have

met with a fairly muted response from the

tea industry, which clearly feels it should

have been more closely consulted over its

design. In particular, the planned increase

m planted areas has raised eyebrows "It's

certainly very good to be ambitious, but

these targets will have to be moderated "

commented one senior official. "It's just not

that easy to quantify how much more land

is in fact available within existinq tea

farms."

Smallholders, for example, use much of

the land not under tea for subsistence and

dairy farming. The sessional paper proposes a delicate equation whereby 3 per

cent of Kenya's total cultivated area is

released for new tea and coffee plantings

through an intensification of food crop

production; if this is not achieved the

paper says, agricultural value added could

grow by no more than 4.1 per cent a year

barely matching population growth and

permitting little or no productivity increase

Making more land available on private

estates is also going to be problematic

sources estimate that 1.2 hectares of firewood are required for every 10 hectares of

tea to fuel the processing factories, reliant

on wood since the 1970s oil price hikeFurther significant increases in output

are certainly within reach — with annual

growth averaging 10 per cent over the past

10 years — but they are much more likely to

come about through improvements in cultivation methods and extension services

particularly in the smallholder sector "Improvement of husbandry is the key word,"

argues Tea Board of Kenya secretary

Ezekiel Wanjama, pointing out that KTDA

yields have steadily crept up to 1,262 kilos

a hectare and there is scope to reach at

least two-thirds of the 2,700 kilos achieved

by the larger KTGA members.

The most important single factor has

been improved fertiliser application since

KTDA was given permission in 1984 to

bypass local distributors and buy directly

— cutting costs as well as improving

availability. Import quotas were raised from

20.000 tonnes in 1984 to 25,000 tonnes in

1985 and a similar level in 1986 though

delays in securing fertiliser can still present

problems.

For tea producers across the board,

however, the sessional paper's most popular measure is undoubtedly the hint of a

gradual decontrol of prices on the percentage of output they have been obliged

since 1978 to sell to Kenya Tea Packers

(KeTePa) for domestic consumption.

Growers subsidise prices by 50 per cent,

as well as paying 17 per cent sales tax, on

the 15 million-17 million kilos KeTePa packages each year for the local market.

The latest 10 per cent price increases —

announced at the end of 1985 — barely

kept pace with inflation and have done little

to mollify producers, who estimate the

artificially low price encourages about 5

million kilos to be smuggled annually into

neighbouring countries.

But officials recognise a free market is

not feasible, as Kenyan tea's very high

quality would push local prices to an

unaffordable level. Two possible solutions

are to introduce a lower-grade packet

blended with imported tea or a price

mechanism finely tuned to the international

market but without its very high degree of

fluctuation.

"There's no way we can stop Kenyans

drinking tea," Wanjama points out. "Kenyans should consume as much tea as

they can ... because we should also

develop our local market as a safety valve

in the event of the international market

failing to receive our tea."

The past 12 months have already sharply underlined that point, with drought hitting

production and India's return to the world

market hitting prices. By the end of July,

production was down 6 per cent, and is

forecast for 135.000-140,000 tonnes for

10
the year end, 7,000 tonnes down on last

year's total. While prices have been running 2 per cent down on the Mombasa

auctions through 1986 and 10 per cent

down in London. Once again, prices are

recovering as Indian supplies tail off, but

optimistic forecasts of an average 4-6 per

cent a year revenue increase have already

taken a buffeting.

Kenya, however, has embarked on an

aggressive campaign to expand its international market share. The UK is still the

leading market taking 57.3 million kilos

worth KSh 1,755 million ($109 million) in

1985. But Kenya scored a promising success by boosting its share of the Pakistani

market 13.3 per cent to 33.5 million kilos,

worth KSh 1,030 million ($64 million) — a

success attributed largely to building personal rapport — and hopes to consolidate

its position by opening an office.

The other main way of boosting forex

earnings would be to increase tea's local

value added content. In April, for example,

Vice-President Mwai Kibaki said Kenya

was capable of blending and packing 35

per cent of output, compared with the

present 2 per cent.

A slow but steady increase in processed

exports is on the cards, notably to Sudan

— Kenya's third-largest customer, taking

11.2 million kilos worth KSh 279 million

($17 million) in 1985 — and Ethiopia,

Djibouti and Somalia. But no dramatic rise

is likely unless the government goes some

way to meeting a string of industry demands.

These include calls for the introduction

of export compensation, which already

applies to coffee; a reduction of duty on

manufacturing equipment, raw materials

and paper, and for the government to

overcome its reluctance to import cheaper

teas for blending with the high-quality

Kenyan leaf.

Even so, export expansion is an area in

which Kenya will have to proceed with

extreme caution. When Mombasa-based

Chai Export (Kenya) recently tried to penetrate the Egyptian packet tea market, India

quickly slapped it down by using superior

market power to flood the country with

cheap supplies. Once again, the huge

vested interests to be contended with — at

both country and multinational firm level —

were succinctly demonstrated.

/12828

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MD

11
NAMIBIA

'APOLITICAL' GROUP FORMED: CHAIRED BY VAN ZIJL

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Feb 87 p 6

[Text] WINDHOEK - A new "apolitical"'

group aiming at promoting national reconciliation and working towards a settlement of the Namibian independence

problem was formed in Windhoek at the

weekend.

The Action National Settlement (ANS)

is chaired by Mr Eben van Zijl, the former Minister of Agriculture in the Transitional Government, who was removed

from his post at the end of January by

his colleagues in the National Party of

South West Africa.

Included on the executive of the new

body are business personalities, civic

leaders and supporters of Mr van Zijl

within, the National Party.

Mr van Zijl said non-white members

of the executive would be made known

at a later stage. The former Minister

said recently that his new "apolitical

forum" would work with other race

groups towards reconciliation, and there

has been speculation that Mr van Zijl

has approached Damara leader Mr

Justus Garoeb and Owambo Administration chairman Mr Peter Kalangula.

ORIGINAL AIMS NOT FOLLOWED

At a Press conference called to announce the formation of the ANS, Mr

van Zijl made it clear he did not believe

the original aims of Namibia's MultiParty Conference group, whose members now make up the Transitional Government, were being followed.

The new group intended to try to foster the spirit of inter-party co-operation

and reconciliation between the different

races which had apparently declined

since the appointment of the Transitional government in June last year.

Mr van Zijl said he was not averse to

Swapo joining his organisation, but

Swapo's leaders would have to decide

whether they wanted to fight or negotiate. If they wanted to talk, they should

lay down their weappons.

Mr van Zijl was removed from his

post in the government at the end of last

month after what the National Party

here said officially were "differences in

interpretation of party policy".

It was widely believed that Mr van

Zijl was considered too "verlig" and

made too many concessions to his colleagues in the government, particularly

on the question of mixed schools.

/12828

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12
NAMIBIA

POPULATION INCREASE SINCE 1981 REPORTED

MB171136 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1123 GMT 17 Feb 87

[Text] Windhoek, 17 Feb (SAPA)—According to latest official estimates up to

the end of last year, SWA/Namibia's population has grown to 1,184,000 (1,184

million) from 1,031,927 (1,031 million) in the 1981 census year, the chief

government statistician, Mr Hans Kohl, said in Windhoek today.

He told SAPA the estimates of the population groups were: Ovambo 587,000;

Kavango 110,000; Damara 89,000; Herero 89,000; whites 78,000; Nama 57,000;

coloured 48,000; Caprivi 44,000; Bushman 34,000; Rehoboth Baster 29,000;

Tswana 7,000; others 12,000.

The combined population of Windhoek, Khomasdal and Katutura was estimated at

110,000.

Windhoek (predominantly white) had an estimated population of 35,000,

Katutura (predominantly black) 53,000 and Khomasdal (predominantly coloured)

25,000.

The largest concentration of people were still in the north of the territory

in Ovambo and Kavango.

/9599

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13
NAMIBIA

WINDHOEK WARNED THAT IT COULD FACE SQUATTER PROBLEM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Feb 87 p 8

r

. WINDHOEK - Wind- Liexcj hoek couW one day be

faced with a squatter

camp the size of Cape

Town's Crossroads, according to Namibia's National Building and Investment Corporation.

The corporation — a

parastatal body responsible for providing lowcost housing — said in a

report on smaller urban

communities that the attraction of higher salaries and lower unemployment in Windhoek

would draw thousands of

people to the capital.

The city's current unemployment rate is just

over 19 percent for

blacks and eight percent

for coloureds. This is in

sharp contrast to other

smaller urban communities, where the unemployment rate is as high as

50 percent among blacks.

A "massive move to

Windhoek may soon become a reality" added

the building corporation's

report.

Such an influx would

have disastrous consequences for the provision

of housing, which is already in short supply,

and would futher stretch

community, health and

education services.

/12828

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14

\

\
NAMIBIA

RSA PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE BANS 16 JAN NAMIBIAN

Security Threat Seen

MB201755 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1748 GMT 20 Feb 87

[Text] Windhoek, 20 Feb (SAPA)—The editor of THE NAMIBIAN newspaper, Miss

Gwen Lister, said in Windhoek tonight she intended to challenge in court a

decision by a committee of the Directorate for Publications to ban the

16 January issue of the newspaper.

According to a news report from Cape Town, a publications committee had

decided that it will be an offence from today to import or distribute the 68th

edition of THE NAMIBIAN.

Miss Lister said the newspaper was a member of the Newspaper Press Union and

as far as she was aware the newspaper did not come under the jurisdiction of

the Directorate for Publications.

The banned issue of THE NAMIBIAN newspaper carried a photograph over the

entire width of the front page of a reportedly dead SWAPO insurgent lashed to

the side of a security forces casspir armoured vehicle.

An accompanying report said the picture was taken on 29 December last year

when the vehicle, which also carried bodies tied to the front bumper, had

driven through settlements in northern SWA/Namibia.

The SWABC radio news reported tonight that the publications committee had

found that particular edition of the newspaper posed a threat to state

security, the general welfare and good order in the territory.

A spokesman for the Directorate for Publications in Cape Town said a

contravention of the publication committees decision was punishable by a fine

of R500 or 6 months or both, the SWABC reported.

15
Ban To Be Retracted

MB231641 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1639 GMT 23 Feb 87

[Text] Windhoek, 23 Feb (SAPA)—The Directorate for Publications in Cape Town

sent a telexed message to THE NAMIBIAN newspaper in Windhoek today, informing

it that a decision to ban the 16 January issue of the weekly publication would

be retracted in the government gazette this Friday.

The editor of THE NAMIBIAN, Miss Gwen Lister, said she had telexed the

Publications Directorate earlier today to notify it that the newspaper was

affiliated to the NEWSPAPER PRESS UNION [NPU], and she had asked for

explanation why the body had exceeded its authority.

"Somebody from Namibia must have complained and without checking whether THE

NAMIBIAN was an NPU member, the Publications Directorate went ahead with the

ban," Miss Lister told SAPA.

The decision had caused considerably inconvenience to readers and

distributors, and the directorate owed the newspaper an apology, she added.

The particular edition of THE NAMIBIAN carried a picture on the front-page of

a casspir armoured vehicle with the body of a SWAPO insurgent, reportedly

killed in action, lashed to the side.

An accompanying report said the vehicle, with more bodies tied to the front

bumper, had paraded the corpses to civilians in northern SWA/Namibia on

29 December last year.

"We still challenge the police who said they were investigating the incident

to take us to court if the report was false," Miss Lister said.

A SWABC radio news report on Friday quoted a Publications Directorate

spokesman as saying that a committee had found that the particular issue of

THE NAMIBIAN was a threat to state security, the public welfare, and good

order. °

/9599

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16
MAJOR FIRMS INTERESTED IN DEVELOPING GAS FIELDS

NAMIBIA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Feb 87 p 8

WINDHOEK — A number of in-

[Text] ternational oil exploration companies are interested in helping

develop Namibia's potentially

rich Kudu gas field, said the territory's Minister of Mines, Mr

Andreas Shipanga.

Mr Shipanga, who has just returned to Windhoek after a week

in Britain, confirmed that he

had held discussions with a

number of corporations on

"everything from financing to

engineering".

Although the Minister was reluctant to name the firms involved, he told the Windhoek

Advertiser that the mission had

been "extremely successful"

and "results will soon be forthcoming".

He added that the oil companies did not lay down any preconditions — political or otherwise — to their contributing to

the Kudu gas project, <

The Kudu field lies entirely

within Namibian territorial

waters, and is rumoured to be as

big, if not bigger, than the Mossel Bay strike. The development

of the field and associated infrastructure would give a massive

boost to the south of the country

around the depressed fishing

town of Luderitz, which is the

closest port to the gas field.

'WOULD BEGIN SOON'

Mr Shipanga told the newspaper that while no commitments

had been made, he was confident that exploitation of Kudu

would begin within a few years.

Mr Shipanga also confirmed

Press reports that he and his

colleague, Health Minister Mr

Moses Katjiuongua, had held

brief discussions with Britain's

Minister of State responsible for

African Affairs, Mrs Lynda

Chalker. The meeting took place

at the House of Commons in

London on Thursday.

Mr Shipanga and Mr Katjiuongua were received as Namibian politicians and not as

members of Windhoek's Transitional Government. While Mrs

Chalker stated her government's commitment to the United Nations Resolution 435 settlement plan for Namibia, her

visitors from Windhoek told her

the initiative was "outdated".

/12828

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17
NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

SWAPO DISMISSES AUTONOMY ANNOUNCEMENT—SWAPO has dismissed an announcement by

the puppet regime in Namibia that intends to move towards a gradual degree of

formal autonomy from South Africa. A statement released by SWAPO in Angola

yesterday describes the move as part of the campaign to deceive the

international community. The puppet regime announced that it wants to create

two ministries, one for internal security and the other for international

cooperation. The liberation movement says the Botha regime has been trying

since 1978 to create some kind of internal political alternative to SWAPO but

it failed. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 22 Feb 87]

/"599

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18
SIERRA LEONE

MOMOH DISCUSSES TACTICS, IMF, BANKING. DEBTS

Freetown WE YONE in English 16 Jan 87 pp 3, 4, 8

[Press conference by President, Major General Dr Joseph Saidu Momoh on 2 Jan

87 in Freetown]

[Text]

THE PRESIDENT, Major-General Dr. Joseph Saidu

Momoh, has told the press that the kind of national discipline which he wants for the nation has not been achived

He was answering questions put to him at the

January 2 press lunchen

which he hosted at the

Brookfields Hotel.

The President was asked

Your Excellency, Sir,

when you first spoke to us

we asked you what kind

of method you would use

in your adminstration and

you assured us, the military style.

Have you succeded in

"instilling dispcipline in a

manner that w.U satisfy

you?

He replied:

Admittedly I have not

succeeded in doing that.

I belive in progression.

Thefirst pattern I decided

to use was persuasion and

conviction'

It would seeme to me

that, that has not gone down

very well; it has not come

out with the desired results

So, stage No. 2 is, tightening the screws a bit....

and I think you must have

begun to see the emergence

of that style. .,

If that one does not stul

come with the desired results, then we come in with

the draconian^one.

The question -and-answ

er session continued- as

follows:

QUESTION: We thank

your government for the

dramatic improvement in

electricty supply in Free-'

town. Thanks also go to

the Minister of Energy and

Power and his teamBut when does the government intend to ensure

the normal resumption of

electricty supply in provincial towns like Makeni, Bo

Magburaka* etc?

. ANSWER: Th* problems* surrounding electricty supplies lies not so

much with the generators

but rather with the degenerate integrity of some of

the men manning the mach

hines.

I am assured by the Ministry that the machines in

all the stations are in perfect working order.

The problems there

have been created largely

by fuel not being available

and in certain cases by

problems with personnel

who are operating these

machines.

What we are trying to

do now is to ensure that

there is regular supply of

fuel to these stations and

that the officials who are

charged with the responsibility of securing this

fuel with do so in the best

interest of the areas they

are. serving.

QUESTION: After

close to six months of the

implementation of the IMF

programme and the floatation regime, do J» still

have faith in the IMF and

and its policies?

ANSWER: I b

ave tremendous faith in the IMF

and its policies.

I must admit here that

the policies usually bite

very, very hard.

I think in that regard,

all of us as Sierra Leoneans

are beginningto feel tneg

pangs of the bite, havin.

gone throuth the propra

mme for almost a year now

But the honest truth is

that it isthe only sure way

out.

We haven't got much

of an alternative.

QUESTION: Mr. President, Sir, what is going to

19
be the estimated total cost

of the GreenRevolution?

ANSWER: It is very

difficult for me to be able

to come out categorically

with specific details here.

WhenI got copies ofthe

questions,I sent to the Min

istry of Agriculture to see

if they could supply me»

with tne details.

They themselves did say

it was not very easy for

them to be able to quantify

the expenditure.

More so, at this point

in time when prices are

escalating dav after day.

You can rest assured

that we will try to ensure

itsimplementation well

within the most modest

means.

And what we intend to

do here is that- in areas

where we think we can seek

assistance, we will gladly

resort to that.

That in itself will help

to minimtee costs.

Of course,, you will have

to accept that to beable to

implementa programme

like that fully, will surely

mean spending quitea lot

of money.

QUESTION: What has

been the result since yon

madea change of GGDO's

management, and what is

the nation's stand in foreign

exchange since the change?

ANSWER: It will be

very difficult to draw any

line ofcomparison between

now and what the GGDO

management was before.

As far as the present management is, concerned, I

don't think they have operated long enough^for us

to be able to assess whether

they have succeeded-or not

What is more; GGDO

deals in mineral resouces

and those of us who know a little bit about mining

activites in Sierra Leone

will readily agree with me

that it is seasonal.

In other words, you can

only do effective mining

during the dry season when

the river levels are low..

So, in actual fact it is

only fromnow that we can

begin to see the real effects

ofthe present management

Because of that,I don't

think it would be fair to

attempt to draw any line

of comparison.

Government is actually

going all out to ensure that

the surrender obligation is

adhered to strictly, without

any exemption whatsoever.. I must admit that the

xxx response'is far- below

what we were expecting.

And it is quite understandable because, when

somebody gets used to an

idea —especially one which

is beneficial to him— it is

not easy to get him to give

ll up so «a.eS1y. I have some shrew suspicion that some of these

agencies or individuals who

should surrender their

foreign exchange, have not

come out openly to us asa

government to say, no we

are not going to do it.

ButI think they are using

all sorts of tricks, just to

make sure that they don't

surrender it.

But we too haven't given

up.

Now that we are convinced that what is coming into

the coffers of go\eminent

by way offoreign exchange

is iar less than what we had

anticipated, the appropriate authorities in government are going all out to

study the situation close

ly, in the hope that once we

know the reasons that are

responsible for that, we

know what alternation

steps to take. I think I can say categogorically that some of them

have come to realise that

we are now aware of the

tricks that they have been

playing and it would seem

to me that they have decided

to make good.

So,I havea feeling that

perhaps ina few months

time, we should be able to

get more coming into the

the coffers of government

by way offoreign exchange

QUESTION: Is it true

(hat the Sierra Leone Cover

rnment cannot receive new

printed Sierra Leone currency from their printers,

Bradbury Wilkinson of Lon

don because of old debts by

the government which have

to be cleared?

ANSWER:I am not

too sure abouthat. I know for sure that the

Bank of Sierra Leone (well,

call it the Sierra Leone

Government) owes Bradbury Wilkinson some amount of money. _ In fact, just this mornMg the Acting Governor

of the Bank was with

me, only to come and assure me that the Bank has

been able to garnera little

bit_ of foreign exchange

which they intend to use

to ofl'set part of the debt

owed to the printers.

ButI don't think that'

in itself is responsible for

our inability to print notes. I think the point is, we

are not terribly keen now

on printing new notes,

because it'sa very expensive execrise.

In fact, quitea lot of

people have said tom

e,

'oh, it's about time your

own effigy appeared on the

coins and on the papers'.

ButI thought it is vanity

for us to decide to spend

so much money, simply

because.I want my own

face to appear on the

papers, (resoundingcheers

SUPPLEMENTARY In

view of the fact that the inquest report on the death of

the last Governor is already

out and international circles

are now satisfied as to the

circumstances leading to

his death, has the government succeeded in its efforts

to find an effective repSe

me„t

e

f„rthe,ate

Go

^nor

20
ANSWER: No, we have

not succeeded, but we are

trying very hard.

In fact, every weekI get

a report on the lastest

position.

The latest is that five

names have appeared.

The Commo.nwealthSecretariat has its own good

name to preserve, so they

will only send somebody

for whom they can vouch1 I think they are looking

up these five names and if

they are satisfied with any

of them, they will send him

out.

Definitely, we are thinking about it and we are

monitoring the situation,

because we consider it most

important.

SUPLEMENTARY:By

mentioning the Commonwealth, does that not give

the impression that your

government does not want

to give any Sierra Leonean

that coveted seat?

What then could be the

the reason for that?

ANSWER:I don't think

it will be fair to say that we

don't want to give any

Sierra Leonean that seat.

By way of digression,I

think that one thing which

has gone radically wrong

with most of us is that

in the name of nation-

.' alism we have donea lot

I of things that perhaps we

ought not to have done at

that particulartime (cheers)

and we are paying dearly

for that.

And we honestly feel

that taking the Central

Bank as it is, for now, it

will bea serious disadvam

age for any Sierra Leonean

to be able to preside over

the rest ofthem and for him

to be able to get the maximum cooperation that is

so necessary to keep an

an institution like that going, (cheers).

It is nota question of

incompetence on somebody; it is not a question

of somebody not being

sufficiently knowledgeable

to be able to hold the

office.

Over and above being

an ace-banker, you need

to enjoy the cooperation

and support of your workers to be able to manage

an institution like that

because the very best of

Governors cannot on his

his own, as an individual

run the bank.

Just as how the very

best of Presidents cannot

on his own run his country.

You need the cooperation ofother people.

We want to make sure

that we put somebody

there who will come and

who will be able to perform

his duties impartially.

It is not an easy office

to run.

There are certain offices

in thel

and that are very

sens itive.

The office of Bank

Governor is one of such

offices.

If you remember, it took

usa long, long time to be

able to settle down to the

question of the head of

police force.

WhenI was Head of the

ArmyI worked with nine

Commissioners of Police.

Some of them did not

even servea year in office—

they had to be changed.

Something was basically

wrong and it would seem

to us that the bank is going

through that stage.

QUESTION: Does your

government have any intention of renewing diplomatic

relationship with Isreal?

ANSWER:I think we

all know the situation in

so far as diplomatic relations between Sierra Leone

and Isrealis concerned

We know very well that

the Isrealis operated here

....they rana mission here

here some years ago, with

full ambassadorial status"

Then, in support ofa

general African idea at the

time, we teamed up with

other African countries to

to break off diplomatic

relations with them.

So, this was how

they closed their mission

here and went out of the

country.

If at all we want to let

them come back,I don't

think it is the soft, ofmatter

that Cabinet alone can

decide. I promise you that if

e\er it gets to that point

the matter will be thrown

to the public. A responsible government ought to be respon"

sive to the wishes of the

majority of its people.

If it comes to that, we

give you an assurance that

it is not only the government Which will decide.

The people will be consulted.

But for now, atthis point

in time,I don't think we

are thinking about that.

Nobody has ever brought

it up to my notice.

individual Sierra Leorieans perhaps, may bethinking but, as a Cabinet, it

has never come up at all.

So, if it comes up and

and we see that the vast

majority ofSierra Leoneans

want it we will decide on

what step to take.

/9274

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21
SIERRA LEONE

FOREIGN MINISTER KANU OPTIMISTIC ABOUT FOREIGN RESERVES

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 9 Jan 87 p 1

[Text]

. Finance Minister:

Dr. Sheka Kanu has,

disclosed at a

press meeting in

Freetown that -the

new financial year

1

will definitely

see this country

boasting of foreign exchange reserves as the economy

i is now mending inspite of acts of

sabotage by pseudobusinessmen.

The minister who

said he was highly

optimistic abo|*t.

the success of; his

economic recovery

programme said:

*3T' will cease to

be a finance miiister the moment

I entertain doubts

.■■ about the workability of my present

policies." '

He went on to

decry exporters -

now causing flaeavy

losses in revenue

•through under-de?-

claratibn of exports but warned

that government

jhas woken up from

Its slumber to

take up gloves

against the "Mafia'».

On his record

so far, the minister cited the

heavy income,

yields from duties

and.; our ability

in recent times to

settle a percentage of our foreign

debts, increasing

our credibility

abroad. ;

He dismissed as

inresponsible rumours that government was thinkivg

oirincreaiing the»

pM»ce oj fuel and

ripe.

On foreign exchange availability jthe minister

sai|d that;diamonds

for long fhe main

sou^ne now face

problems with the

exhausticjn of alluvial deposits

but expresajBsd the

hope that tlie

kimberlite proposals may on implementation improve «ft* Aline.

Coming-W what

appeared the main

purpose ,#f the

confereftge the

minister said that

he was postponing

the reading of a

mini budget this

week to give him

time to collect

more .data»

/9274

CSO? 3400/119

22
SIERRA LEONE

ACUTE BANKNOTE SHORTAGE SLOWS BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 26 Jan 87 pp 1, 3

[Text]

An acute shortage of banknotes

of the national

currency, "the Leone," has severely affected a large number of businessmen especially

diamond dealers

and the Sierra Leone Produce Marketing Board.

Bank authorities interviewed by

the 'New Citizen'

reckon that although close to 4-30

million Leones is

in circulation,

not much of this

money returns to

the banking system*

Only recently,

diamond dealers

from Kono, in

need of 2 million

Leones in cash

to purchase diamonds for export

had to be pleaded

with by their bankers to wait for

a week to allow

the bank to collect enough notes

to meet their

needs.

The Sierra Leone Produce Marketing Board ran

into similar trouble when it discovered it could

not withdraw enough Leones from

the banking system for the purposes of buying

produce.

The fear was

that if SLPMB did

not buy the produce in good time

such produce may

be smuggled to

other countries.

It is nolongjr

possible for a customer to simply

walk into a bank

and cash a cheque

for Le500,000 without him encountering some difficulty. Either he

would be asked to

wait or if he is

in a hurry he will

be subjected to

the unenviable task oi' having to

carry half a million Leones in Le2

23
denominations.

Larger denominations such as

the twenties and

the tens have virtually disappeared«

A senior Bank

of Sierra Leone

official in an exclusive with the

•New Citizen' conceded -cnat the

large denominations of our national currency are

in short supply.

He attributed

this state of affairs to the fact

that the Twenty

and ten Leone notes are being used in neighbouring, countries as

reserve currency

to enhance the

purchase of good»

from Sierra Leone

as and- when they

are required in

those countries.

This has been made easier, because a foreigner

with Leones can

easily enter Sierra Leone and buy

the goods of his

choice and return

to his country by

road without much ,

difficulty. 'He

also explained,

that around this !

time of the year

there is a lot

of heavy financial transaction

even within the

country especially the cash crop

producing areas

and in the Kono

district where a

lot of diamond

dealing takes place. And in both

cases a larger

quantity of cash

is used.

/9274

CSOj 3400/120

He however stated that notwithstanding the hea_-

vy fiancial transaction at this

time of the year

there is no reason why the banking system should

be dried up of

Leones.

He said... ...

"What we are going through at

this.point though

can be seen as

distrust with the

banking system, a

lot of our high

denominations are

outside our frontiers." A police

officer claims

that the ma^jor

centre for illicit money dealing

is Koindu in the

Eastern province.

Another facror

attributed to the

scarcity of the

Leone is the IMP

conditionalty wnich

has put a severe

ceiling on credit

facilities that

would be extended

by commercial

banks. A bank official who is at

a loss as to why

such a celling

should be maintained when the

banks are crying

of over-liquidity

thinks that this

aspect of the IMP

conditionaliti'es

should be re-negotiated.

24
SIERRA LEONE

SALARY REVIEW REPORT PRESENTED TO GOVERNMENT

Freetown WE YONE in English 23 Jan 87 p 1

[Text]

THETUJPOJlTotthe constant Dayies Gommissioms of

the cöaliservioe, the^ armed'*orces and the teaching profession, has at last been presented.

Members of the comm- Davies were at State House

issionledbytheir Chairman on Tuesday, to present the

man, Mr. JusticeConstant *eport tprthe President,

pi-.XS-^Momoh.

Spewing atthe ceremony

Justice Constant Davies

said that the seemingly

long time which the c

om

missjon" took to prepare

its' ;*eport was due

.to a number ofunavoidable

circumstances including an

extensive tour ofthe country- ".';•

Receiving the »sport Pre

sideut Momohi conceded

thatthetaskwas an anormous one and commended

the Chairmanand members

for a job well done, noting

• that the time they had

'taken to, do the job was

understandableDr- Momoh said that

people had become impatient because alot of things

had been held up awaiting

the commission's reportHe gave ^n assurances

that government^wiü-start

work on the report immediately and a document

would soon be published,

which willspell out government's stand.

The President said that

government would do its

utmost to ameliorate the

present situation, considering however, the present

prevailing economic circumstances.

/9274

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25
SIERRA LEONE

NEW INFLATION FIGHTING ASSOCIATION FORMED

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 20 Dec 86 p 5

[Text]

A new associa-.

tion known as

"Sierra Leons Consumers and Dealers

Association" to* as-.

sist government to

fight inflations and

checkmate prices ...

has been formed.

In an exclusive

with the chairman

of the association

Mr. Bakarr B. Kabba, he said that

his motivation in

establishing an association of this

nature is to respond to President

Momoh^s call for

constructive nationalism.

He said their

aims and objectives

are as follows:-

To educate the

genera* puffiifc and

assist goVe^stoent

in price !<&nfcrol.

To.assist1patrio*

tic dealers who are

willing to import

and sell at government controlled :> •.!

prices, to acquire

foreign exohangey'

To serve as ah .

agent for government in the dis- '>.

tribütion of, goods

at national \->- re- '

/9274

CSO: 3400/120

gioa*t as well as

sectorial level.

To help government, in statistical' xiataicoilec—

tiöö against the

importation' of.

items to meet the

market

-To .help in the

establishment of

a local processingmicro- industry! in.

Sierra Leone in

support of the

Green Revoliton

drive for food

sufficiency.

To create a comperative atmosphere among dealers to cut down

prices of vital

importance for the

general consumers.

To educate illi-»

träte consumers/

dealers to organise

themselves in order

to learn the pric- '

ing policies of the

government.

The association

which is based at

4-5 Fort Street in

Freetown is expected to open branches

in the provinces.

26
SIERRA LEONE

FRG ASSISTANCE, ON-GOING PROJECTS REVIEWED

Freetown SUNDAY WE YONE in English 7 Dec 86 p 8

F Text 1 LAST week, it was announced that the West Germany

Government has pledged 37 million Deutsche MaA§, eonjvalent to Le592 million, in development assistance to Sierra Leone. '

The main thrust of this

development assistance

will continue to be in the

fields Qf agriculture «nd

rural development involving anumber of on-going

projects.

Among them is the Integrated rural development

programmeinthe Southern

Province which has an over

ail objective of improving

conditions for the 350,000

people living in the area.

Its main component is

agriculture.

But it also includesfisheries, health, community

development, water supply

and infrastructure.

During the negotiations

between the Sierra Leone

Government and a West

German delegation led by

Mr. Heinrich Neufeldt,

Head of the West Africa

Division of the Federal

Ministry for Economic

Cooperation, it was agreed

that 21 million Deutshe

Marks more will be earmarked for the project.on

top of the 5P million DM

which had been committed

previously.

Other projects involving

German-Sierra Leonean

cooperation are:

Jue «o-Bandajuma

road (total length 46km)

which is part of the Freer

town-Monrovia and the

Trans West African Highway. v

The works include the

construction of a doubleläne bituminous surface

road including four double

lane bridges.

The road will be cpmpleted in the first half of

I9g7.

Itstotal construction cost

is estimated at (40 million

*Fpr one decade the seed

Multiplication Project has

now been Sierra Leone's

most important supplier

of certified seed with international quality standard.

Theproject operates with

seed centres in Makeni,

Kobia and Kenemaf« $®ojW*&tion iwtn a,

100 Jocal contract farmers

up to now 219,400 bushels

ofseed rice have been generated- .. Jn addition, maize, cowppas an<I «as'sava seeds are

produced on a small scale;

The total German con

tribution tothe Seed Multiplication Project has now

been increased to 26 million

* The Sierra Leone £pad

Transport Corporatio n has

been supported by Germany since 1971 withequipment and expertise for an

amountof26million DM.

Since 1977, a training

centre for 20 carmechanics

has been in operation.

The Tombo Fisheries

Pilot Project's objective

is the development of a

financially self-sustaine?

fisheries community witn

strong participation and

involvement of all target

groups. ' .• Ä

the project has an »nte27
grated approach including

the jnjproMejn&nt of artisanai fish-patching techniques as well as social, economic and community development elements. .

In these last negotiations

more than 3 million DM

have been earmarked for

the project, raising the total German . commitment

to more than 15 million

DM.

*The Solid Waste Disposal Project in Freetown

was started in 1982.

Since then, it .has contributed considerably to improve the sanitary conditions in the capital.

The German government

has so far made available

equipment and expertise

for7jnI|lionDM.

* The National Power

Authority Training Centre

at fCingtom was opened

in May 1985.

It is equipped for 12 mechanics and 12 electricians.

The Sierra Lepncan management and teaching

staffis assisted by two German experts.

More than 4 million DM

have been made available

for the training centre.

The Germans have also

committed W million DM

for the rehabilitation of

two power generating units

at Kingtom-

/12828

CSO: 3400/122

28
SIERRA LEONE

JAPANESE PRESENT FREE RICE GRANT

Freetown WE YONE in English 9 Jan 87 p 8

r T(3VH JAPAN is to make available to Sierra Leone Burmese 1 exc J

rice to the value of approximetely «0.000 dollars under

an agreement signed in Freetown today.

The agreement is part

oftwo Exchanges of Notes

signed by the Minister of

Foreign Affairs, Mr.

Abdul Karim Koromaand

the Japanese Ambassador,.

Hideo Yoshikawa, involving a total of six hundred

million Yen, or 3.75 million

US dollars.

This is being offered as

a free grant.

The first Exchange of

Notes Involves the rural

water supply project for

which the Government of

Japan will extend to the

Government of Sierra

Leone a grant of up to 450

million Yen, appro*

,mate"

ly 2.8 million dollars.

This project inyoWw^ expansion of rural watjr

supply facMies especiauy

for villages in; Bomtah

and Kambia Districts in

the Northern Province, which requireimprovement

A press release states

that the Government of

Japan sincerely hopes that

this project will enable ru»linhabitantsto receive

safe and clean supples oi

water and also a strong

base for the agncultural

policy being promoted by

the government.

/12828

CS0: 3400/122

29
SIERRA LEONE

JAMIL RULES OUT GOVERNMENT JOINT VENTURES

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 9 Jan 87 p 8

[Text] Freetown businessman, Mr. Jamil Sahid Mohamed has said that notwith

standing the castigation on his person, and the unfair criticims levied

against him, he is not bitter against the Government nor individual

members of the public. ,. perform like any

"I was brought

up in a world

of* contradiction»

and- since I was

a boy I. realised,

that my- half A£ri~

i can parentage and:,

half Lebanese or**

igin would always

•tand in my way, '

1 reconciled wi«

tlt that a long

t±m* ago, the . v ;

fuill realisation

that t would oe^

Ver be' totally accepted, * MrvMohamed paid, smiling.

"As ä businessman, my personal

ambition .has always been to prove that a man with^ an African origin can equally

'Other sets of businessman.

"I did not bog

£° be, manager,.of

when B.P. Minerals

pulled out I en- ~

sured that this

country* did not

go through the

disaster that \

had earlier befallen DELCO at

Lunsar. Whatever people say today, I am not.ashamed that I

intervened when

my country needed my assistance,

most.

"Take another *

case of the G.G..,

D.O." said Mr.. * .

Mohamed," during

my managership ,

I was not just

satisfied to run

a company that

would value diamonds and sit down and fold its

hands in the usual,*buneaucratic

manners We bought gold and diamonds and in less

'than six months

that company surrended to government a totalof 16

million dollars.

This did, not include N.D.M.C.

diamonds sales,

like it is done

now. G.G.D.O..

sales were always

separated from

tf.D.M.C. sales.

"All that is

over now, my attempt to participate with government in business

has not turned' ,

out a happy experience. w

Mr, Mohamed lamented.

Mr.. J*S. Mohamed said that. Sierra Pishing Com«*-:

pany, is a private

comnanv in which

30
Government has 23fo

shares. "Notwithstanding the^.

criticisms, I am

proud to state

that Sierra Fisht*

ing company'is one

of the three most

modern fishing

complexes in West

Africa., We owe

money to international financing

institutions, and

we should pay hack

But once .all the

money is paid back

,Sierra Leone will

begin to get the _

full benefit of.

having a modern"

fishing complex..

r "I never will w:

pretend that 1

am the only big

businessman in

this country, there are others who

like me are in ..

big business in

Sierra Leone.

"I have hot done

business; ,in Sierra Leone . since,

the I.M.P. prograBh«

mme -was implemented. The I.M.F.

has its> good

points, but again

I am staying out

of business here

for a while be-,

cause I don't

want to be mis-*--

understood again.-

"I love the people of this coun?~

try, I respect the

President," Mr. Mohamed said, "but

I think I should

stay out of par**»

nership with.government. The critics don't like

•.it.-""'

"Notwithstanding,

my new strategyj I

will continue to

award scholarships,

help the needy andparticipate. ,ih

selfhelp. ventures.

This is my

country."

/12828

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31
SIERRA LEONE

JAMIL ASSISTS PUJEHUM FOLLOWING DIAMOND DISCOVERY

Freetown WE YONE in English 23 Jan 87 p 8

business tycoon, Jamil [Text] WITH malice towards none, w v, , . __

Sahid Mohamed, has set his sights on a new attraction

the fortunes of Pujehun District which has laterly been

discovered to be diamond-rich.

Two Saturday, ago one of

his agents, Lebanese-born

Alhaji Alie Hamza, was in

Zimmi where he assembled

a large crowd of local

people at the court barri,

to tell them the good news

from Jamil.

Alhaji Hamza said that

Jamil has promised to construct a 14-mile road from

Zimmi-to Gboa, with a

bridge over the Maho River

This road, according to

our _ correspondent, will

provide easy access to

Gbeyakor River* which is

believed to be laden with

diamonds.

The project, said Alhaji

Hamza, is estimated to

cost more than Le 700,000

and work is expected to

start very soon.

Another Lebeanese tycoon who has taken

interest inPujehun's fortunesis EtM8t Russia of

Koao who also addre»».^

the meeting.

He promised to construct a feeder road to

back up the development

oft he Zimmi area.

It will be remembered

that on November 12. last

year, this paper reported a

big scramble in parts of

Pujehun District, following

the discovery of diamonds

in fivechlefdoms.

The largest deposits

were reported to be in Makpele Chiefdom, of which

Zimmi |s the ehiefdom

headquarters.

Since then, more than

300 diamond licences have

been issued by the Ministry

of Mines and according to

officials results from mining activities have been so

encouraging, than nonciti7ensare also being attracted to the area.

Jamil's desire to help

the people of Pujehun

'"»»strict comes, after a news

paper interview last week

in which he is reported to

have said that he has no bit

terness against the government orindividual member

of the public.

He is. reported to have

said.

"My attempt to participate with government in

business has not turned

out a happy experience"

And then he went on to

say.

"I am sytaying out of

business here for a while

because I dbri't want to be

misunderstood again.

"I love the people of

this country.

"Notwithstanding my

new strategy, f will continue to award scholarships,

help the needy and participate i n self-help ventures.

"This is'my country".

Many people will be

woundering.how the latest

interest in the development

of Pujehun fits into Jamil's

new strategy, considering

that wherever there are

diamonds, Jamil is sure to

be interested.

/12828

CSO: 3400/122

32
SIERRE LEONE

NATIONAL IDENTIFICATION CARD SCHEME INITIATED

Freetown WE YONE in English 12 Dec 86 p 1

[Text] A NEW national registration drivetegah'********

yefterday, with the President, Dr. J.S. Momoh taking the

first identity card.

H#> was closelv followed the bank.

"v the Fim Vice-Presi- (b) Identification of aceA^rf* Mr F M Minah; dent victims.

SeiVice-Presiden iO Easing immigration

M,iTKamara; the Mi- to^?»^ "JÖ

nister of Internal Affairs, national borders to neigü

Mr.M.L.Sidique;andthe bowing counmes.

Minister ofltate, Party From the point ol the

Affairs, Mr. E. T. Kamara. "Jon, he went or, among

Rarlier, on Wednesday, °ther things it will greW

the Minister of Internal chance the process of d^

Affairs, Mr. M. L. Sidique?«niocraticelec .onsandmim

had addressed the press on mise electoral malpractices

the formal reactivation of wh^atthesametoepro

the national registration vidmg for the security ot

programme and the I. D. the state. _,'.iMd'

Card system. . The Mlf

steJfS^

From the point of view that a revolving fund is be

the individual citizens, he mg created, from wnicn

said, an I. D. card will faci consumable materials can

litate- be bought when required»

(a) admission to higher so that registration .can be

institutions of learning, carried out on aoontinous

employment, issuance of basis. '^V , „u

driving licence, processing With this view, the-regisof natoiml passport, claim ration fees have been raised

on insurance companies, fromoneleonetottnienoe

tetirement and other bene- per citizens, and tiom "ve

fits, collection of parcels leones to two iwnüieü

from the post office and leones for non-crtr«tfis, rewithdrawal of money from newable annually•

/9274

CSO; 3400/119

33
SIERRA LEONE

DARU TRAINING UNIT SLATED TO BE FULL BATTALION

Freetown WE YONE in English 23 Dec 86 p 8

IText]

THE army training unit at M O A Barracks is tolbe

delvefoped into a fall infantry battalion, marking an ~ 4

important milestone in the 85-year-old history of the

Darn-based camp.

This was disclosed las t

Friday by the Fore e Commander, Major-Gen«ral

M.S.Tarawalli, laid the

foundation stone offourteen new flats, to launch

the Moa Barracks Expansion Project.

The .fourteen new

blocks of flats will initially accomodate fiftysix soldiers and their

families andthiswillmark

the first phase of the

project.

Addressing the officers

and other ranks, MajorGeneral Tarawalli spoke

of the rich military history of Moa Barracks

dating back to 1901 when

the present First Battalion now based at Wilberforce, was stationed in

Daru.

The records, he went

on, show that the barracks was used for-prebattle training for both

Sierra Leonean as well

asGambian troops which

fought in Burma during

the Second World War.

After the war, the" unit

continued to remain the

main training centre for

the force, alongside its

role o^defence of the

eastern flank of our Republic.

It is therefore mani

festly clear, the Force Com

-mander emphasised that

this is a very important

and strategic unit of the

üjpublic ol Sierr Leone

Military Forces.

Major- General Tara

walh 'aoiented that over

the years-much attention

had not been directed to

tapping the great potential which the unit offers,

with its strategic location

and existing infrastructural facilities.

He noted however that

the eventual completion

of the Moa Barracks Expansion Project will not

only enhance the defence

capability of our motherland, but will also boost

to a great measure, the

social and economic life

ofthe area.

He urged all concerned

to make the project a

matter of priority, so that

the improvement of our

defence capability will

material Use within the

projected target.

Responding to an appeal for electricity by the

people ofDaru Chiefdom,

Major-General TarawaUi

said that this is a matter

which would be justified

by the completion of the

Moa Barracks Expansion

Project.

Unit Engineer, Lieutenant CD. Taylor who

took ythe Force Commander on a conducted

tour, demonstrated to him

the process used in making bricks from local

materials.

Earlier, LieutenantColonel Marray Conteh

Commanding Officer of

Daru, read the welcome

address, while chairman

for the occasion was

Member of Parliament,

Mr. I.K.Foday.

/9274

CSO? 3400/120

34
TANZANIA

BRIEFS

CSSR CONSTRUCTION AID—Dar es Salaam—The Tanzanian Government and

Czechoslovakia have signed an agreement under which Czechoslovakia will assist

Tanzania in brewery construction. The agreement also includes cooperation in

the industrial, mineral exploration, and agricultural fields.

Czechoslovakia's Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade Jan Stracer, and Tanzania s

Deputy Minister of Industries and Trade Dr (Nikas) Mahinda signed the

agreement at a brief ceremony that took place at the Kilimanjaro hotel. The

amount of money involved in the agreement was not disclosed but it is

understood that Czechoslovakia will assist Tanzania in repairing the Dar es

Salaam breweries and build a new brewery in Mwanza. [Text] [Dar es Salaam

Domestic Service in Swahili 1000 GMT 25 Feb 87 EA] /9599

CSO: 3400/102

35
ZIMBABWE

RELIEF FUEL SUPPLIES ORDERED FROM SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Jan 87 p 2

[Article by Michael Hartnack]

[Text]

ZIMBABWE has been forced into

. another retreat over its plans to

- cut trade ties with SA, ordering

- another 8 000 tons of relief fuel

supplies from Pretoria to help it

■■ overcome internal transport and

distribution difficulties.

Business sources in Zimbabwe say

- the new order, worth R2m-R3m, is

.; for 3 000 tons of petrol and 5 000 tons

; of diesel.

Embarrassment

The need to place an initial Rllm

order in December for 34 000 tons of

fuel caused grave embarrassment

for Robert Mugabe's government at

' a time it was leading the international campaign to institute comprehensive trade boycotts against SA.

News of the second fuel order has

contributed to the growing feeling in

business and diplomatic circles in

Harare that effective Zimbabwean

participation in the Commonwealth

sanctions package is, for the time

being at least, a dead issue.

The only practical measure left to

Mugabe is an airline boycott. Originally scheduled for next November,

the Zimbabwean ban on flights and

overflights to and from SA has been

repeatedly deferred, and South African Airways has just reopened its

doors to the public in Harare. Its

offices were gutted by rioters in October after the death of President

Samora Machel.

Observers in Zimbabwe point out

that if Mugabe introduced the airline

boycott now, he would jeopardise SA

co-operation over the fuel deliveries.

Hints of a Zimbabwean about-turn

on sanctions were made by Canadian

Prime Minsiter Brian Mulroney during his current tour of the country.

"We don't expect our friends to prove

their bona fides by committing suicide," he said.

Blocked supplies

Zimbabwe's needs to import fuel

stem from a slowdown in pumping

through the Beira Seruka pipeline

and the inability of the National

Railways of Zimbabwe to move sufficient supplies to western areas of

the country.

More than 30% of NRZ locomotives are unserviceable due to lack of

foreign currency for spares. SA last

year withdrew rolling stock on loan

to the Zimbabweans fearing it would

be trapped by a southern border closure.

/12828

CSO: 3400/49

36
ZIMBABWE

EEC FINANCED EXPORT PROMOTION PROGRAM GETS UNDER WAY

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 12 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

ZIMBABWE'S new EEC

financed ?7,8 million •'

export promotion programme started getting

oft the ground this week

when the Government

Issued a prequallflcatlon

notice for the provision

of technical services for

the programme.

Expected to cost In the

region of $3,9 million, the

technical assistance package will involve selecting

a core staff of three

people from a consulting

firm to help the Government's export promotion

division in the Ministry

of Trade and Commerce

carry out the export promotion programme, officially designated ZEPP.

Apart from strengthening the division, the core

staff will provide a wide

range of services such as

supply side studies

market studies,, product/

quality control, design/

product development,

institutional development

and training.

The core staff will

consist of an overall project manager, who will be

appointed for three years,

a sectoral development

adviser (2 years) and a

market development

adviser (2 years)« The

sectoral development

adviser will be responsible for export efforts

in overseas markets while

the market development

adviser will concentrate

on regional markets.

Sectoral development

work will concentrate on

six sectors — textiles,

«lothlng, leather, furniture, processed food and

horticulture.

Regional market development wilt look at four

priority markets —

Zambia, Botswana, Mozambique and Malawi.

Attention will also be

paid to human resource

development through the

«analysis of training

needs and training programmes for both exporters tmri rlvM servants.

In the field of Institutional development,, the

core staff will help the

Ministry of Trade and

Commerce establish an

"export promotion authoTl^?ne EEC approved

funding for ZEPP in

October last year and the

main aim of the programme will be to

strengthen the export

promotion division "as

well as to increase the

awareness and capability

of both private and public

sector bodies involved in

exporting through a

judicious mix of training, advisory and information services."

The prequaliflcatlon Is

open to all EEC or African - Caribbean - Pacific

state nationals and the

closing date for applications is March 20.

The relevant documents

can be obtained from the

Ministry of Trade and

Commerce's export promotion department, attention Mr Chris Mazhandu,

in Harare.

/12828

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37
ZIMBABWE

JAPAN TO FUND HARARE CROP FORECAST CENTER

Harare THE HERALD in English 17 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] THE Food and Agriculture Organisation and

Japan have signed a $2,7

million project to install

early . warning systems

lor crop forecasts in

Nairobi for East African

countries and in Harare

for the SADCC region.

A statement from the

FAO headquarters in

Rome made available to

The Herald, said Japan

would finance the project

which will provide — for

the first time — "support

to the remote sensing

component) (n East and

Southern Africa. This

will malic possible crops

assessment and forecasts

in sub-Saharan Afrltei

using remote sensing

from data provided by a

satellite.

The agreement was

signed by Japan's representative to FAO, Mr

K. Shiozawa, and the

organisation's directorgeneral, Mr Edouard

Saouma.

"The need for improved

early warning systems

was clearly demonstrated

by the prolonged 1982*8*

drought which Seriously

affected most East and

Southern African countries and created severe

food shortages," said an

FAO spokesman:.

In recent demonstrations It had been shown

that remote sensing technology could generate

reliable information that

could alert national and

regional authorities on

pending emergencies.

The new project Would

provide the means to

receive, process and

interpret satellite data

for measuring and forecasting precipitation

amounts, soil moisture

and plant toiomass.

This latest agreement

brings to 17 FAO trust

fund projects that Japan

$12,5 million.

In East Africa, the

project will be in Nairobi,

5 * wiH «erve Djibouti,

Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan

Uganda, Burundi and

Rwanda.

The early warning

system in Harare will

serve all the SADCC

countries.

/12828

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38
ZIMBABWE

DEPUTY URGES PARASTATAL MANAGERS NOT TO BECOME BURDEN TO STATE

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

PARASTATAL*managers

must ensure that their

organisations are ru» efficiently and P^astatals

must stop living off other

productive entcrprtoe»

nnri taxpayers, the we- Sy Primey Minister Cf

Simon Muzenda, »aid in

Harare yesterday.

Opening a seminar for

general managers of

parastatals Cde

Muzenda, who *« «0»

chairman of the Cabinet

committee on parpstatals

said subjective factors

such ns poor management

abetted by negligence,

waste and general Wefficiency, were a towi

anathema to the Govern-

'""Parastatals are State

property and belong to

all Zimbabwean» &s they

are a form of socialist

ownership. Sheer incompetence and poor

work performance can

grudgingly be excused on

the part of the private

sector.

"But for the State enterprises, it does not only

Increase our budget deficit but also Is an

ideological stranglehold on

the Government in Us

chosen path of socialism."

In an effort to revamp

the economic viability of

parastatals, the Government established a committee under Mr Justice

Smith to investigate the

operations of public corporations and to recommend changes where

necessary.

"This committee is not

there to witch-hunt or

character assassinate top

management, but to

recommend changes that

wHl hopefully enable our

parastatals to toe mor<:

viable." i

Cdo Muzenda said the

viability of parastatals

would enable the Government to divert the current subsidy funds to more

productive investment.

Continued Government

subsidies meant that the

enterprises run by

patfastatal general

managers were living off

the taxpayers.

The First Five-Year

National Development

Plan envisaged the

mobilisation of financial

. resources ' from both

domestic and foreign

sources to the total of

$7126 million. The

Government expected the

.parastatals to contribute

$1300 million from both

local and external

sources.

"1 need to stress that

this is no mean role

for our parastatals.

Whatever Imponderables

they might encounter, the

Government expects them

to fulfil their allocated

quota of the plan's gross

fixed capital formation,"

he said.

Turning to the Public

Sector Investment Programme, Cde Muzenda

said the PSIP was .the

Government's pilnclpal

instrument for shaping

up the economy. About

$4 513 million or 63 percent of the total investment will be invested

in the public sector in the

five-year plan.

Out of the PSIP total,

parastatals are expected

to use ?2 076 , million,

which is 46 percent of the

Public Sector Investment

programme.

Some of the

parastatals euch as the

Grain Marketing Board,

the Dairy Marketing

Board and others were

already existing before

the present Government

came to power. Others

like the Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe, the State

Purchasing Authority

and several others were

the creations of the

present Government.

Cde Muzenda said there

was vast difference between how the present

Government viewed the

role of parastatals and

the purpose they were

put to during the colonial

days of Ian Smith.

State capitalism under

the settler ' colonial rule

was used in the Interests

of the propertied class

and minority race. Activities of parastatals

were also taboo in the

communal areas.

39
"But under our peopleoriented Government,

parastatals are there now

to further the Interests of

the majority of our

people thus helping in the

construction of a socialist

society," said Cde

Muzendo.

• There is need for

ministries effectively to

supervise the operations

of parastatals under

them, some of which have

behaved as though they

were in the private sector, the Secretary for Information, Posts and

Telecommunications, Cde

Justin Nyoka, said

yesterday.

In a speech read on his

behalf by the under-secrotary in the ministry,

Cde Green Matsika, at

the seminar, Cde Nyoka

said the methods being

used by some parastatals

were unfair. discriminatory and

raciallstic.

"The , Government felt

that public servants had

to have confidence in

their careers. Promotion

systems had to rely on

merit and not personal

connections. Our public,

sector should offer careers with fair and objective criteria for recruitment, appointments, pro-;

motions and disciplinary

action."

/12828

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40
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

BARTER DEAL WITH HUNGARY FOR MOTOR VEHICLE SPARE PARTS—A $5 million

Hungarian and Zimbabwean barter deal has boosted the local supply of motor

vehicle spare parts as well as raw materials for the pharmaceutical, textile

and chemical industries. A function was held in Harare yesterday to

celebrate the introduction of the range of Hungarian motor vehicle spares

which followed the barter deal signed between the two countries last October.

The spares had been tested and found suitable for the market. Mashonaland

Parts Supplies would distribute the spares to dealers throughout the

country, and the chairman, Mr Geoffrey Treger, said the goods would help

restore stability to the industry which had been starved because of the

shortage of foreign exchange. To assist in the rationalisation of the

motor industry, the company and emergent businessmen, had formed the Tiritese

(Zimbabwe) Spares and Hardware Consortium. The consortium was intended

to be a co-operative once it got off the ground. The commercial counsellor

at the Hungarian Embassy, Cde Ferenc Lancos, said he was happy that a wide

range of Hungarian goods had been introduced into Zimbabwe. He hoped

arrangements would be made for another barter deal. [Text][Harare THE HERALD

in English 13 Feb 87 p 1]/12828

CSO: 3400/133

41
SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS COMMITTED TO NEGOTIATIONS, REFORM PROCESS

MB161745 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1600 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] House of Delegates Feb 16 SAPA—South Africans were living in a time

of deceptions when leaders were only accepted if they were not prepared to

negotiate, the minister of constitutional development and planning,

Mr Chris Heunis, said today.

Replying to the second reading debate on the constitution amendment bill, he

said he was in continuing discussions with black leaders.

"But we live in a time of deceptions when you are only accepted as a legitimate

leader if you are not prepared to negotiate."

He said it would take a particular type of courage to rule the country in

future.

While he was not afraid of the Afrikaner losing power, he feared that in the

constitutional process "we will fail to bring the Third World up and, instead,

the Third World will pull the First World down. I am deeply concerned about

standards," he said.

His life was committed to negotiation and his days filled with that process.

"No man, barring the state president, spends more time on that process than

I do," Mr Heunis said.

In a reference to the Kwanatal Indaba, he said he was prepared to laud "every

attempt at negotiation" but criticized people "who pretend to speak on behalf

of those who are not here and make election pacts for petty party political

reasons."

Earlier in his reply, Mr Heunis said many people inside and outside South Africa

were trying to stop the process of reform. Those who wanted to destroy the

country had sought out people within the system to assist them in their goal.

"They have chosen the battlefield, they have chosen the targets, and they have

chosen their methods. The targets were black people who had served in

institutions of power. "Their methods are murder, arson, assault and

violence," Mr Heunis said

/8309

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42
SOUTH AFRICA

PRESIDENT BOTHA ON WEST ENCOURAGING REVOLUTIONARIES

MB171057 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1043 GMT 17 Feb 87

[Text] Cape Town, Feb 17, SAPA—Violent revolutionaries were being given

increasing direct and indirect encouragement by irresponsible forces operating

from the West, the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, said today.

He was speaking at Cape Town's Castle, congratulating recipients of the Order

of the Star of South Africa.

He said it was a disturbing trend that the perpetrators of violent revolution

and killing were no longer sponsored by the Soviet Union and its fellow

travelers alone.

"This unsavoury development has many facets.

"They include escalating sanctions, boycotts, and destabilisation actions

South Africa has had to contend with for some time; the unprecedented and

improper attempts at interference in our domestic affairs—and a puzzling

willingness to appease communist-controlled terrorist organisations."

This onslaught had to be warded off by social, economical, technological,

and constitutional development and renewal.

Freedom, prosperity and renewal were only possible where there was stability

and therefore it was also necessary to act determinedly against revolutionaries, men of violence and other adventurers.

/8309

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43
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER REJECTS CONCEPT OF INTEGRATED STATE SCHOOLS

MB171526 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1519 GMT 17 Feb 87

[Text] House of Assembly Feb 17 SAPA—The opening of state schools was

contrary to the principle of 'own affairs" and could not be considered even

if they were funded by private concerns, the minister of education and

culture in the House Assembly, Mr Piet Clase, said today.

Speaking in the own affairs part appropriation bill, he said the private

funding of education with the aim of opening some schools to all races had

been investigated by his department. All the implications had been carefully

considered but the opening of state schools was contrary to the principles

of own schools as defined in the constitution. The country was in a phase

of change and reform and white education had always been a source of stability

and security which should be maintained.

However it had been decided that private concerns or individuals who wished

to donate funds for private schooling should do so for the establishment of

new private schools or to ones which already were in existence. At present

state schools would not be allowed to be taken over by private concerns by

sale or by transfer.

Mr Clase said the matter would be considered again when policy aspects concerning the preservation of own community lives was discussed.

/8309

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44
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT OFFERS CASH AWARD TO TRACK SECURITY FORCE ATTACKERS

Harare THE HERALD in English 5 Feb 87 p 5

[Text] THE Pretoria regime, in

an unusual move, has offered a cash reward to ah

attempt to track down

suspected nationalist

guerillas who are said to

have been responsible for

a spate of attacks on

security forces.

An advertisement In a

pro-apartheid newspaper,

The Citizen, last week

said police were offering

Rl 000 for Information

about a Soviet - made

machine gun called "Scorpion" which had been used

by guerillas in recent attacks on security forces

in the townships.

The Citizen newspaper

said shots' were flred from

the gun at a municipal

policeman in the Alexandra township near Johannesburg on Sunday last

week in what the paper

said was the third such

attack in the area in nvd

weeks.

It listed several victims

who had either been killed

or wounded by bullets

fired from the gun and

these included two army

men who were wounded

in the recent attacks.

Army Lance - Corporal

Gary Orwln had been

critically wounded in

Alexandra on December

15 while manning a roadblock while another soldier, Corporal A. Pearce,

had been shot in the back

on January 1.

Ballistic tests, said the

paper, had shown that

Scorpions had been used

in all these attacks, but no

arrests so. far had been

made. Police this week began distributing pamphlets illustrating the gun.

Meanwhile, the Pan

Africanist Congress chairman, Cde Johnson Mlambo, says the organisation has made significant

gains inside and outside

South Africa and that the

Pretoria regime has made

attempts to sow confusion

and destabilise the liberation movement.

"This emergence of the

PAC has terrified the

racist colonisers of South

Africa," said Cde Mlambo

in a statement issued in

Dar es Salaam this week.

He referred to the recent letter-bomb assassination attempt on the

PAC administrative secretary Cde Joe Mkwanazi,

and "the surfacing of a

subversive document purporting to come from the

organianitfon'B internal

leadership.

"The internal leadership has no knowledge of

the document and has rejected the paper and its

contents with the contempt it deserves*" said

Cde Mlambo.

/12828

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45
SOUTH AFRICA

MALAN PROMISES CONTINUED SADF SECURITY COMMITMENT

MB140825 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0802 GMT 14 Feb 87

[Embargoed until 1800 GMT on 14 February]

[Text] Kempton Park, February 14, SAPA—The Defence Force, which celebrated

its 75th anniversary this year, was respected and admired, and even feared in

many circles, the minister of defence, General Magnus Malan said today.

Speaking at a function held here after a parade by the Kempton Park Commando

he said that fear was however unnecessary "because Only those who go looking

for it, or who challenge it, will clash with the Defence Force and get hurt."

In its almost 20 years of involvement in South-west Africa the SADF had never

come off second best, and it was still chalking up successes against SWAPO and

its cohorts. The SADF and other security forces would not shirk their duty to

provide security and safety. It was an unfortunate thing that many of the

expectations in South Africa were unrealistic. Many of them were linked to

revolution and disruption which were artificially kept On the go.

/8309

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46
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT DROPS PROSECUTION OF 8 ECC DETAINEES

MB161104 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1047 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Cape Town Feb 16 SAPA—The attorney general has decided not to

Prosecute eight members o£ the End Conscription Campaign (EEC) who were

detained in December under the emergency regulations.

The eight appeared for the third time in the Cape Town magistrate's court

today They are Mr Matthew Blatchford, 25, of Tedding Court, Randebosch,

Mr Schael Lutenbach, 28, of Belmont Rd, Nowbray, Mr Michael Evans 28 and

Miss Paula Hathorn, 24, of Gladiolus Road, Vredehoek, Miss Felicity Wood, 25,

or^LaL Rondbosch', Miss Josephine Grindrod, 23. <* "^^£22£'

Mr Chrisoian Olver, 27, of Aired Street, Observatory, and Mr Alistair Reeling

Smith?25" of Bowden Rd, Observatory. They had not been formally charged and

were on bail of R150 each.

A ninth member who appeared with them, Mr Andrew Orpen, 26, died this month

after being injured in a road accident.

The nine were detained on December 3 and were brought to court on December 17.

They appeared again on January 14.

/8309

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47
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT SEEKS PURCHASE OF NON-WHITE-OWNED HOUSING

MB160708 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0622 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Cape Town, Feb 16, SAPA—The government has sent letters which "offer"

to buy homes m Lansdowne belonging to people "not of the white population

group to some of the 52 families who faced the same threat in 1984. The

letters, from the Department of Local Government, Housing and Works, state

that as the area has been "declared an area for the use of the white population group, and as you are not a member of the said population group,"

the government "is prepared to purchase your property in order to enable you

to acquxre a property in an area which has been proclaimed for use by your

population group." *

Government attempts to evict the same families from their homes early in 1984

were dropped after white Lansdowne residents signed a petition in support of

those faced with eviction.

The letters were sent by a white department of housing. A coloured department

othousxng would be responsible for alternative accommodation and families

rejectxng the offer" would have to approach a third government department—

the provxncxal administration—for permits to remain in their own homes.

An urgent meeting of the 52 families is planned.

/8309

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48
SOUTH AFRICA

'WELL-KNOWN NATIONALIST' RESIGNS FROM NP

MB181304 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1248 GMT 18 Feb 87

[Text] Cape ToWn, Feb 18, SAPA—Another well-known Nationalist has resigned

from the NP.

He is Mr Jannie Momberg, the athletics administrator who was chairman of a

National Party branch for more than 20 years.

He announced today he and his wife had resigned from the party.

Mr Momberg also had talks today with Dr Denis Worrall, former South African

ambassador to Britain, who may stand as an independent in the Helderberg

constituency against Mr Chris Heunis, minister of constitutional development.

Mr Momberg-regarded as a mentor of South African born British track star

Zola Budd—has said he hopes Dr Worrall will initiate moves that could break

the reform deadlock. He said he would work actively for him.

Mr Momberg said that as long as he was a member of the National Party, he could

not have worked for Dr Worrall.

He did not want to be known as a "rebel" Nationalist. It suited him to be out

of the party and it suited the party.

In the past he has pledged support for Dr Worrall if he stands, among other

issues, on a ticket to scrap the Group Areas Act.

/8309

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49
SOUTH AFRICA

NAVY REPORTEDLY DISCRIMINATES AGAINST COLORED INSTRUCTORS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Feb 87 p 3

[Text]

IN THE second discriminatory move

in recent weeks, the SA Navy has

forbidden coloured instructors to

train white recruits at the Saldanha

Bay navy base.

Well-placed naval sources said

yesterday that seven coloured instructors at the base had been transferred after being told by an SAS

Saldanha officer that "black instructors could unfortunately not train

white recruits".

They disclosed that five Asian instructors will also be withdrawn

from white Citizen Force squads as

soon as their basic training starts on

February 16.

When asked to comment on the

allegations, a spokesman for the

navy said: "It is not naval policy to

comment on inter-unit transfers or

personnel placements."

The latest controversial step drew

angry reaction yesterday.

"If our soldiers and sailors are

Sood enough to die together in the

efence of the country, then certainly they are good enough to train together," said Labour Party defence

spokesman Abe Williams.

Meanwhile, it is understood that

merchant navy recruits, including

Asians, are being trained at Simonstown — the naval base from which 22

members of the newly created multifacial Swans were returned to their

home bases last month amid allegations that it was the result of government sensitivity over the coming

general elections.

The move follows an "informal

visit" by Chief of the Navy ViceAdmiral Syndercombe, who then became "acutely aware of the youth

and vulnerability of the group''.

The multi-racial training of the

merchant navy recruits is apparently going smoothly.

According to sources, the group of

13 "non-white" instructors — seven

coloureds and six Asians — was

brought to the Saldanha Bay training

base to help train the February intake.

The instructors started there on

January 9, preparing for the new

intake. All 13 are qualified instructors — which means they did the

same training as white instructors.

The six Asian instructors, most of

them from SAS Jalsena in Durban —

the base to which the five Asian

Swans were returned — are still

helping with the induction and orientation of recruits and have temporarily been assigned to white squads.

/12828

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50
SOUTH AFRICA

CABINET APPROVES MOSSEL BAY FUELS PROJECT

MB191233 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1138 GMT 19 Feb 87

[Embargoed until 1700 GMT 19 February]

[Text] Bellville Feb 19 SAPA—The cabinet has approved the implementation of

the Mossel Bay project which could give a considerable daily fuel yield, the

minister of economic affairs and technology, Mr Danie Steyn, said today.

In a speech at the opening of Soekor's [Southern Oil Exploration Company] new

head office, he said the approval implied dramatic developments m Mossel Bay,

but he warned that this would not mean that thousands jobs would suddenly

become available.

Most of the initial developments would take place in other centres such as

Port Elizabeth.

He said the detail engineering design of the offshore gas production facilities

was due to commence in April this year and on-shore managing and engineering

contractors would be appointed during 1987. It was expected that the first

offshore production platform would be completed in 1990 with production

commencing in 1991.

The initial capital outlay, calculated on 1986 values was estimated at

R4.200 million. The Central Energy Fund would finance the project initially

with a view to private sector participation at a later stage, and ultimately

privatization. The project could yield a considerable supply of fuel per day

and had an expected lifespan of at least 29 years.

/8309

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51
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SADF DISMISSES CLAIMS OF BORDER VIOLATIONS—South Africa has replied to

allegations from Zimbabwe that its soldiers have been violating Zimbabwean

territory. A Zimbabwean magazine reported that villagers living near the

border with South Africa had complained that Pretoria's soldiers have been

intimidating them and had also threatened to invade Zimbabwe to track down

ANC guerrillas. The SADF says the report is characterized by a complete

lack of specific details and contains only vague and unsubstantiated claims

from unidentified people in unidentified villages. [Text] [Umtata Capital

Radio in English 1600 GMT 17 Feb 87] /8309

CSO: 3400/64

52
SOUTH AFRICA

UDF PRESIDENT HOLDS NEWS CONFERENCE IN LONDON

Archie Gumede Speaks

MB191452 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1448 GMT 19 Feb 87

TText] London, 19 February, SAPA—Mr Archie Gumede, a president of the United

Democratic Front, said here today whites would have an opportunity m the election to decide whether or not they wanted apartheid to continue.

"They've got the opportunity to make up their minds whether they want peace or

war!" he Lid a news conference, adding: "I'm not saying the ANC could wage

war—they haven't got the muscle."

Mr Gumede delivered a familiar UDF line at the conference in the House of Commons, which was organised by the Anti-Apartheid Movement [AAMM].

South Africa was in a state of trauma, he said, because state power was not

being used to bring about peace, but to suppress the majority of the population.

Mr Gumede, on his first trip outside southern Africa, is due to meet British

Foreign Office representatives on Monday.

Criticising restrictions on press reporting in South Africa, he said people

inside and outside the country were not being told the whole truth.

"To rely on the media for a true picture is most dangerous," he said.

Asked how many trades union leaders were in detention in South ^J"» h? ""

he thought the figure was about 100. But he was not specific about the level of

violence in the townships.

"You can read between the lines-would the state of emergency continue if resistance to apartheid had been broken completely," he said.

He described the UDF's relationship with the ANC as that of organisations which

have "more or less the same aims," but they were "independent of each other.

Mr Gumede released a lengthy memorandum detailing "repressive" measures adopted

by the government and the activities of "vigilantes" in the townships.

53
Mr Gumede would not respond to questions about how he had left South Africa or

whether he was travelling on a passport.

Conference Chairman Mr Bob Hughes, a Labour MP, told reporters: "Those questions cannot be answered." J-uufe ques

Archibishop Trevor Huddleston, the president of the AAMM, released the text of

aletter he sent today to Prime Minister Mrs Margaret Thatcher urging her not

be 211* l^ShI""0 t0 bl°

Ck St the M SeCUrit^Council resolution due to

Africa! neXt 24 h°

UrS demandlnS -ndatory sanctions against South

Discusses Violence Provoked in Townships

MB200841 London BBC World Service in English 0709 GMT 20 Feb 87

[From the "24 Hours" program]

[Text] The UN Security Council is today preparing to vote on a resolution to

impose economic sanctions against South Africa. While America has for the

first time m the United Nations condemned the government in Pretoria for

human rxghts violations, it has already indicated that it plans to veto the

motion and Britain is expected to follow suit.

tJoL^f' T f

the

A

le

?

derS °f South Africa's biggest antiapartheid organizacratic"ront t« ^ ^Tt* ±S ^ °* tbe presidents of the UniLd Demo- cratic Front, the UDF, many of whose members have been detained under the state

shiosewhiohy\

GUm\de t0ld Wendy J

°

neS ab°Ut the unrest in the black town! ships which, he says, he can prove has been provoked by the security forces.

Itfl r^ording^ [Gumede] Pictures have been published of military vehicles

used by the security forces accompanying groups' of armed men and when those men

the ("uilo^ thr

S6CUr

-

ty Veh±CleS then flre t6ar gaS'fire

the (?buildmgs). In one instance, there was a memorial meetingbuckshot in a cinema i^r

when a group of men appeared and attacked people within that hall. The security

K T\ ,° ?

the Pe°Ple t0Ut] °f the hal1'f±red tear gas into the hall

which choked a lot of people [that] had to go out coughing? When they were'

outside many of them were killed.

[Jones] But at the same time there has been violence directed in the other

direction, hasn't there, against families of councillors in the townships and

people who are generally seen as being part of the administration? P

butmofLn" I

3

TJ^ °u aCC°

Unt °f their beinS Part of the administration,

rnL -t T ?

hlngS that they haVe d

°

ne in the immunity to people in that

community and people in that community [words indistinct] those people to defend

themselves, to protect themselves. Paerend

[Jones] There has been some speculation in recent months that your organization the UDF, has been thinking of renouncing its position in the pasfof nonrn

ef•op^sitW "1S 80in8 t0 haPPen? A- -U 80ing t0 take ?P violent

54
[Gumede] That is not a question that I can answer for the organization, but I

can say that if the organization ceases to function as an organization, then the

[words indistinct] what they will do, I cannot say.

[Jones] There are obviously many people within the UDF who would support violent

opposition, aren't there? And you have close links with the ANC, obviously,

[Gumede] (?0h no) as far as the close links with the ANC are concerned, there

will be close links (?in the fact that)... [changes thought] the result of thinking alike...

[Jones, interrupting] But thinking in terms of violence?

[Gumede] No, thinking in terms of violence is not anything that is discussed

and agreed upon as policy or action. But what I am saying is that in the

country there are many people who do not think that it is possible to bring about

change except with violence, and what people are going to do I do not know.

But what I do know is that the people are not going to accept the rule of

apartheid as long as Botha thinks they must accept it.

[Jones] What do you personally think? Do you think it is possible to bring

about the sort of changes you want to see without violence?

[Gumede] Well, personally, I think that the possibility for that is there, in

the sense that the violence of the state is based on its economy, on its wealth.

If that wealth is affected, for instance through sanctions and other means, then

it is not going to have the means to use violence for its ends. [end recording2

/12232

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55
SOUTH AFRICA

UDF LEADER 'DISAPPOINTED' BY TALKS WITH UK'S CHALKER

MB241522 Dakar PANA In English 1510 GMT 24 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 24 February (ANO/PANA)—The United Democratic Front (UDF)

in South Africa, is disappointed that once again the British Government has

displayed an equivocal response on the question on how to bring an end to

apartheid.

This is the view expressed by the national treasurer of the UDF, Azhar Cachalia,

in an interview with the African News Organization today following talks yesterday between the British Government and two officials of the UDF.

In what is regarded by the British Foreign Office as an important meeting, UDF

Natal President Archie Gumede and former Transvaal Province Regional Chairman

Rev Frank Chikane met for the first time with Lynda Chalker, junior minister of

state of the Foreign Office.

The UDF reiterated its view that the South African Government is not interested

in any dialogue which will lead to the creation of a united non-racial democratic

South Africa. It is clear that the South African Government will only respond

to increased pressure, said Cachalia. Cachalia further said that this view was

shared by almost the entire international community, with the notable exception

of countries like West Germany, the United States and Great Britain.

According to reports, the two UDF officials told Chalker about the seriousness

of the crisis in South Africa and how the state of emergency, media bans and related regulations have effectively closed almost all non-violent, peaceful means

of change in South Africa.

Chalker is understood to have restated Britain's opposition to more sanction

measures against South Africa.

/12232

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56
SOUTH AFRICA

UDF PUBLISHES MEMORANDUM ON VIGILANTES

MB210545 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 20 Feb 87 p 6

["Focus" column]

[Text] The United Democratic Front has sent a memorandum on vigilantes to the

UN Commission on Human Rights in the wake of the re-emergence of vigilante

activity.

Details of vigilante attacks, which the UDF says have intensified since January

this year, are contained in the document entitled United Democratic Front

Memorandum on Apartheid Vigilantes. [Document name published in italics]

The UDF says attacks by vigilantes seem to indicate a high degree of coordination and planning.

"Little significant vigilante activity had taken place for 6 months, yet numerous attacks are now being launched in scattered parts of the country," says the

UDF.

It says large gangs of well-armed vigilantes—numbering up to 1,500 in one instance launched attacks, "often with the blatant non-interference of members

of the security forces."

The organisation also says that in many cases township residents captured by

vigilantes "found themselves arrested en masse [preceding two words in italics]

by the police."

The UDF makes this remark: "The resurgence of vigilante attacks comes in the

wake of a major onslaught against the organs of popular democracy in the townships, particularly the street committees.

"The announcement in September 1986 that thousands of kits konstabels (preceding

two words in italics] (instant cops) would be trained in 3 weeks gave rise to

speculation that they would simply be vigilantes in uniform."

The UDF says that there were also fears that the kits konstabels [preceding two

words in italics] would work in vigilante sytle.

57
"There is also widespread speculation that vigilantes may attend training

courses held in the Transvaal and are known as Askari" [preceding word in

italics].

The UDF says the aim of vigilantes is to root out the "comrades."

The memorandum also contains "A Chronicle of Vigilante Violence—December 1986

to January 1987."

The UDF says the state of emergency conditions make it extremely difficult to

get full and accurate information.

But it has catalogued incidents on a regional basis.

—Eastern Cape: "At the beginning of January this year 1,000 to 1,500 vigilantes

wearing white bands went on the rampage in Uitenhage townships. Two people were

killed and many injured.

"Hundreds of residents fleeing the vigilantes were arrested by municipal police

waiting nearby."

The attack on Uitenhage residents was in the same fashion as the Cape Town

"Witdoeke" [white scarves; work published in italics] vigilante attack on Crossroads the previous year. The "Witdoek" [word italicized] also called themselves

Ama Africa Poqo [the true Africans; phrase italicized].

The UDF says that even Eastern Cape newspapers saw the Uitenhage attack as a

blatant attack by apartheid forces on the people and their organisations in the

area, and dismissed suggestions that it was a spontaneous clash between different sections of the community.

In Queenstown vigilantes who were also dressed as "Witdoek" [preceding word

italicized] attacked youths in Tarkastad Township.

"Residents fear that there will be no schooling in the area this year because

vigilantes have ordered that schools be closed to prevent youths from organising."

In Port Elizabeth, during the 3rd week of January, the Ama Africa Poqo [preceding three words in italics] vigilantes from Uitenhage attacked the Port Elizabeth townships of New Brighton, Kwazakhele and Zwide.

The UDF remarks that what emerged from the reports on Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage was that the vigilantes were an invading force with no support from the

people.

"They forced residents to swell their numbers but were in fact ultimately driven

off by men, women and children armed only with stones."

—Transvaal: Three people were killed in Tembisa on the East Rand and in Leandra

in the Eastern Transvaal.

58
The UDF says that shortly before the Tembisa attacks homes of youths were

destroyed "during an onslaught on the youth movement in that area."

"One of the activists who died belonged to the Tembisa Youth Congress and had

been detained in both the 1985 and 1986 state of emergencies.

"It was subsequently exposed that the vigilantes who killed the Leanora man

must have been 'greenbeans' or municipal police."

There is also a report of sjambokking [whipping] in Lebowa during January.

Natal and the Western Cape are also featured in the memorandum.

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59
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP MONITORING GROUP INVESTIGATES UITENHAGE VIOLENCE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 13-19 Feb 87 p 7

(Article by Jo-Ann Bekker]

[Text]

IT was 5.15am when Ntosokoio Moss

Was woken by a knock at his door. A

large crowd had surrounded his

house. "Come," they said, "bring a

stick, we have a meeting on at

Kelman's place."

That was how Uitenhage's bloody

Sunday, January 4, began for Moss.

Reluctantly, he said, he followed the

marchers and was handed a fencing

pole as they moved through the streets

of Kwanobuhle, stopping to summon

others to swell the ranks.

Three private vehicles led the way,

Moss said, and a Hippo — a police

armoured vehicle — and two police

"mellow yellow" personnel carriers

brought up the rear. Unhindered, the

crowd passed uniformed policemen at

the KwaNobuhle Town Council

building.

The marchers wound their way

north, through a section of the

township dubbed "Kyalitsha", only

splitting up when they entered

"Angola", an area renowned for its

political organisation.

"We moved past a Hippo in the open

veld, where a white policeman on top

directed us down a street with hand

gestures," Moss said.

Then followed what Progressive

Federal Party researcher Rory

Riordan called an "orgy of violence".

In operations that morning and

evening two youths were hacked to

death and at least 10 homes were

attacked — windows were smashed,

and furniture and possessions burnt.

Riordan, head of the PFP's Port

Elizabeth monitoring group

Operation Real South Africa, this

week gave the Weekly Mail .24

statements he had taken from

witnesses, victims and others with

information relating to the raid. He

said the victims were considering

legal action.

The crux of the evidence, said

Riordan, was that from the initial

meeting of the vigilante group to its

final dispersion, the armed crowd's

activities had been monitored and

sponsored by the police.

Responding to these allegations, the

SA Police public relations directorate

yesterday said it "vehemently refutes

the allegations of police complicity in

orchestrating or in any way aiding and

abetting the crowds who allegedly

damaged property. If, 'however,

anybody has any information to the

contrary, such information can be

made available in the form of an

affidavit and the matter will be

investigated by the S A Police."

The police have repeatedly denied

that the incidents were unrest related.

The directorate confirmed that a

police contingent "under the personal

command of the officer commanding

the local divisional anti-riot unit, was

present in the Kwanobuhle township".

"A group of about 3 000 to 4 000

people had split into smaller groups of

300-400 people and they moved

through the township. The SA Police

endeavoured to round up the groups

so they could be addressed by the

commanding officer and warned to

disperse without any violence or force

having to be used. This, in fact, is

what eventually transpired and no

further incidents took place.

"Prior to this, damage to property

did, however, take place and the

police are investigating a number of

cases, including arson. A number of

arrests were also made that same day

in connection with the arson cases."

A strikingly different picture

emerged in the statements and

information Riordan gathered.

One of the most detailed accounts

was given by Peggy Stotyelelwa, wife

of UDF Area Committee member

Sipho Sotyelejwa, who has been in

hiding for several months. She said a

van had pulled up outside her house at

9am that Sunday, and about eight

people had disembarked and walked

up to her house.

"They broke every pane of glass in

the house... they took out my six

piece lounge suite, the room divider,

TV, generator, hi-fi, double bed,

children's beds, all my linen, curtains,

blankets, sheets, lamps and ornaments.

"They chopped these up with axes,

and the furniture they could not

remove — such as the wardrobes and

the fridge — they smashed up inside

with axes. They drank cooldrink from

my fridge.They removed all of my

husband's clothing, but not mine, and

made a pile of all our smashed

belongings on the pavement outside."

Then two more vehicles pulled up,

men alighted and "took the paraffin

from my primus stove, poured it over

my smashed belongings and lit them."

As the belongings started burning,

they left.

60
Shortly afterwards, she said, two

Hippos had drawn up outside the

house. She had heard a policeman in

the second vehicle radio headquarters

saying: "This is Comrade Sotyelelwa's

house," after checking this

information with a municipal

policeman.

"That afternoon," Sotyelelwa

continued, "a beige Sierra containing

three black policemen arrived. One of

the policemen I know as Henry Nopesi

shouted out: 'Oh ha ha, we've got this

rubbish. Look how beautiful is his

house. It looks beautiful like our

houses'." Riordan said this apparently

refered to the burning of the homes of

all KwaNobuhle's black policemen.

Other witnesses also spoke of police

approval and participation in the

attacks by the vigilante group called

"Ama-Africa", loosely translated as

Our Africa.

Julia Mooi said a police Hippo and

"mellow yellows" had pulled up

outside her house, after a group of

vigiiantes came looking for her

brother. "The Ama-Africa said:

'Sikhweleleni — move aside' and the

police obeyed," Mooi said.

Piecing together the background to

the march, Riordan said the key figure

appeared to be Kelman Befile.

According to hearsay reports, Befile

allegedly shot a youth he caught

poaching on his land in Langa

township, Uitenhage, two years ago.

"Comrades" in the area retaliated by

burning down his three shops and his

father's house. Befile moved to the

"Kyalitsha" section and set up a new

shop.

But the recent forced removal of

Langa residents to Kwanobuhle

brought his old enemies to his

doorstep once again. His new shop was

destroyed in an arson attack.

Befile and his friends then formed

the core of the Ama-Africa vigilante

group, which clashed repeatedly with

the militant "comrades".

)The "comrades" accused AmaAfrica of staging the murder of 26-

year-old UDF activist Lindiwe Mente.

Befile accused the "comrades" of

destroying his car. But, Riordan

believes, the incident which probably

precipitated the January 4 march was

/12828

CSO: 3400/128

the temporary abduction of Befile's

brother, Mnikelo, by "comrades".

A statement by July Mboya, who is

facing a charge of abductingRefile's

brother, bears this out.

He said a group of 8-10 armed men

had arrived at his house accusing him

of abducting Mnikelo. They smashed

his window panes, assaulted him and

threw him into a taxi.

"I was bleeding as they drove all

over KwaNobuhle," Mboya said.

"They hit a small boy in Mabandla

Street, he fell and they left him."

He said he was handed over to the

police and taken by ambulance to the

provincial hospital, where wounds in

his head and finger were stitched.

On his way home he was stopped at a

roadblock manned by Ama-Africa,

the police and municipal police. He

left the car he was travelling in and

began walking home but he was

chased bv an Ama-Africa member

who was at the roadblock.

M'. ya was then taken to the

notorious Ama-Africa headquarters.

He was again interrogated as to why

he had abducted Mnikelo, and hit with

a knopkierie above the elbow and in

the mouth.

. "They appeared set to kill me when

i their leader said: 'No, he's on bail, we

can't do this to him.'

"They then brought in Mnikolo who

also accused me of abducting him. He

took a large pole in both hands, and

beat me in the kidneys and stomach. I

collapsed then."

Baden Powell Ngesi, an attorney's

clerk whom the Ama-Africa accused

of presiding over "people's courts" in

the township, gave a vivid description

of the inside of the Sogcwayi Street

headquarters, after a mob of 500

forcibly took him there on the evening

of January 4.

It was, he said, "a house with no

chairs, no cupboards, no furniture, no

inside doors. Only a candle lit the

main room, and I could see blood on

the walls. This was about 9pm.

"I was questioned repeatedly about

alleged particpation in people's

courts, boycotts, and other allegations

about 'comrades' keeping belongings

of burnt people in my house. All these

allegations are false, and I denied

them strenuously." He said a man

brought a pick handle down on his

arm, breaking the bone.

"They had beaten me so much that I

was lying on the floor, bleeding.

Youngsters came and removed my

shoes and belt, and tried to get my

x ring off. I presume this was

"preliminary to burning me. They left

my socks and trousers on.

"Therr a man entered and instructed

them to leave me. He told me to leave

and as I pulled myself up, and left the

door, he stabbed me in the back."

He said he had collapsed outside the

door of a nearby house.

Riordan said he had interviewed the

distraught relatives of two of the

people killed that bloody Sunday.

Nan Maya, mother of 14-year-old

John Mayal, said uihen she arrived on"

the scene she found\her son "had been

hacked about the head, on the left hand

side, and his head was smashed open.

The people who performed this deed

had left."

Lena Loom, the grandmother of

Siphiwo Loom, 20, said that at noon

"we went to 42 Mtingant Street, where

Siphiwo was killed, to find his body

there. The police, ambulance,

everybody, had just left him there

since he had been killed, at about

9am."

61
SOUTH AFRICA

PAC SECRETARY DISCUSSES NATURE OF STRUGGLE IN TOWNSHIPS

Harare THE HERALD in English 17 Feb 87 p 9

[Report on interview with PAC Secretary

on 16 Feb 87 in Harare] for Foreign Affairs Ahmed Gora Ebrahim

[Text]

THE South African black

townships (have become

operational zones since

the armed wing of the

Pan Africanist Congress

stepped up its activities

inside South Africa, the

PAC secretary for foreign

affairs, Ode Ahmed Gora

Ebrahim, said yesterday.

He told The Herald in

a wide-ranging interview

that the Azanian People's

Liberation Army, the

PAC military wing, wan

arming and training the

African masses internally

In line with the PAO

position that the struggle

could only be fought effectively from within

South Africa.'

"To date, our people,

especially those in the

townships, have res«

ponded militantly to the

foil that the struggle

must continue to be an

Internally based one, and

wc see now that In just

two-and—a-half years the*

African townships have

become operational zones.

"The oppressed and

dispossessed masses are :

now directly confronting

the regime's military

machinery on almost a

dally basis," said Cde

Ebrahim.

"We can see that in the

last two-and-a-half years

the African masses have

developed the struggle

from one in which stones

were used to using

Molotov cocktails and

mall arms and ammunition."

/12828

CSO: 3400/132

Recently the Pretoria

regime had been compelled to put In news^

paper and television advertisements offering a

cash reward to anyone

with information which

could lead to the "Scorpion" maehinegun which

had been used by Apia

guerillas In recent attacks on security forces,

he said.

"The significance of

this is that the Azanian

liberation fighters have

successfully deployed this

weapon in many parts of

the country and have successfully used it without

letting a single of the

Scorpions fall into the

hands of the enemy."

The PAC chairman and

Apia commander-in-chlef,

Cde Johnson Mlambo, had

on behalf of the

leadership of the organisation declared 1987 a

year of arming the

people.

This had been in keeping with the teaching by

the imprisoned PAC

president, • Cde Zeph

Mothopeng, that "a nation without arms is no

nation". It was also in

response to the present

. situation in South Africa

! where the regime had

become increasingly

brutal against peaceful

protests.

The PAC, said Cde

Ebrahim, remained firm

In its commitment to the

principle that armed

struggle was the main

form of the struggle in

South Africa, nnd the.

"arm the people" call by

Cde Mlambo was aimed

at developing that principle In concrete terms.

Asked why the PAC

had criticised the use of

the "necklace" as a

method of struggle, he

said it was necessary for

the masses to punish the

regime's agents and collaborators and methods

used against "these running dogs of the enemy"

had been many, including

"necklacing".

"The PAC, in conjunctlcm with mass organisations internally, has

now condemned the continued use of the "necklace" because It was how

being used by the enemy

and opponents of the

Azanian trend to sidetrack us from focusing

the legitimate wrath of

the people against Pretoria."

Cde Ebrahim said it

was necessary for the

struggling masses to

clearly know the enemy

and unite with all the

antirapartheid forces that

could be united to flot-m

the broadest possible

front against the regime.

. Such a front had to be

based on the basic position that:

• Apartheid cannot be

reformed but destroyed.

• The vehicle for change

In South Africa is

not the regime but tte

oppressed and dispossessed African majority.

• The principal form of

the straggle is the armed

struggle waged from

within South Africa by

the African masses.

• The East-West conflict should not be in«

troduced to the liberation

struggle in South Africa.

On the coming .allwhite elections in South

Africa, the PAC foreign

affairs secretary said

President P. W, Botha

was trying to buy tim»

by giving an Impression

that he was seeking a

"new mandate" from the

white electorate.

On the diplomatic

front, Cde Ebrahim said

the PAC had been contacted by officials from

the US State Department in Washington

and the Foreign Office in

London and had told

them that the internal

struggle in South Africa

was "the decisive factor".

"If today there Is

worldwide revulsion

against apartheid it is not

1)ecause of the sudden

international realisation

that apartheid is evil, but

because of the struggle

being waged by the African people Internally."

62
SOUTH AFRICA

DRIVE LAUNCHED TO COLLECT RENT ARREARS IN PE TOWNSHIPS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 8 Feb 87 p 2

[Text] DETAILS of rent defaulting on a wide scale in Port

Elizabeth's townships

emerged this week as the

Ibhayi Town Council

launched a massive drive

to get residents to pay what

they owe.

Residents from KwaZakhele township were angered by rent notices issued by Ibhayi council police asking them to pay

.their rent.

On Monday, groups of

.up to five council police -

some in plainclothes - visited each home in KwaZakhclc delivering letters

with the heading: "Arrear

rentals, service charges

and electricity."

It is well known that

many KwaZakhcle resi- '

dents have defaulted on i

rent payments for over sev- !

en months.

The council requested

residents to "give the necessary attention to any outstanding amounts owed to

the council as electricity

and water had to be purchased from 'other bodies' ".

The letter also advised

residents to discuss payments with "your employer". They, along with unemployed residents, could

also approach the area superintendent.

When a City Press correspondent phoned the

council for comment he

was put through to three

different white officials

who referred the matter to

each other. When City

Press phoned again, all

three officials were "in a

meeting".

Only in one area - Emagalcni, KwaZakhcle - do

the notices specify the

amount owed.

Some Emagaleni residents who have not paid

rent since June last year,

face bills of over R200.

The amount has to be

paid before February 7, according to the notices.

Meanwhile, Motherwell

shackdwellers are also angry about threats made in

the streets this week by.

municipal police using

loudhailers.

Residents alleged

shackdwellers were told

that proper housing would

not be provided if rent was

not paid.

Rent defaulters would

also be removed from the

area and houses would only

be provided for those who

paid rent. - East Cape

News Agency.

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63
SOUTH AFRICA

ONVERWACHT REFUGEES FEAR INCORPORATION INTO QWAQWA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 13-19 Feb 87 p 11

[Article by Laureen Platsky]

[Text]

"ALL we want is a piece of land," says

David Tseki, leader of 500 Sothospeaking refugees living in destitute

conditions in Botshabelo/ Onverwacht

50km east of Bloemfontein.

He is among 179 families dumped in

South Africa's fastest-growing squatter settlement in July last year. They

have lived in tents ever since.

"We refuse to build houses here on

these small plots," Tseki says. "They

promised us land — land for

ploughing and grazing. They even

showed us land near Harrismith —

good land with water for our animals

— and we agreed to go there. We are

farmers and we will struggle until we

get land."

But an extra barrier has arisen

between Tseki's community and their

dream: fears that Onverwacht will be

incorporated into QwaQwa.

Although the South African and

QwaQwa governments have formally

quashed the rumours, Tseki and his

people remain unconvinced. Their

mistrust has been nurtured over time.

Twenty years ago the 179 Onverwacht tent families were part of a

community living in the Herschel

district near the Lesotho border. Then

in 1966 Herschel was incorporated

into the Ciskei. Ten years later it was

given to the Transkei — one of the

. presents to encourage Kaiser

Matanzima to accept "independence".

Herschel's Sotho and Xhosaspeaking people rejected "independence". In 1976 about 20 000

Xhosas fled to Thornhill — which was

later incorporated into the Ciskei.

The Sothos who remained in Herschel

were harassed and detained by Transkeian officials. Many fled in 1981.

The feeling of the community is

summed up in a letter written by Tseki

to Chief Minister TK Mopeli of

QwaQwa in 1982. Under the heading

|This obnoxious Herschel issue",Tseki

implored Mopeli to listen to his

people's "lamentations" to "refer our

desires to the central government".

"We are forced to say there is no

sincerity in the policy of the central

government," Tseki wrote. "Shall we

take up arms and defend ourselves

against the brutality of the Transkeian

, soldiers and police?"

Mopeli responded by giving 179 of

the 28 000 Sotho-speaking families

from Herschel refuge in QwaQwa.

For the next five years some lived in

tents and others in rent-free houses in

the "homeland's" capital and only

town, Phuthaditjhaba.

South Africa's Minister of Cooperation and Development, Piet

Koornhof, promised them a farm in

the Harrismith district and they were

due to move there at the end of 1982.

But when the farm was incorporated

into QwaQwa, it became part of a

government agricultural scheme. No

land was allocated to the people of

Herschel.

Tseki and his committee protested.

QwaQwa responded by insisting they

pay rent for the township houses they

were occupying. They refused.

So in July last year thcvfamilies and

their possessions were loaded on to

trucks, driven 300km to Onverwacht

and dumped beside rows of tents and

tin toilets.

Five hundred people — including

old women born in the last century

and young children — have survived

the bitter Free State winter and the

stifling summer.

The elderly forfeited their pensions,

as no-one informed them they would

have to re-apply since they now lived

outside the "self-governing state" of

QwaQwa.

"First we were under South Africa,

then Ciskei, then Transkei, then

QwaQwa," Tseki said. "This is it. We

want the South African government to

help us. We are refugees and can only

cry to them. It is their separate

development policy which causes our

suffering.

"We were happy in Herschel. We

had land and cattle — now Operation

Hunger is feeding us. We don't want

to live as beggars, we want to farm, to

feed our children. We want to live in

peace under our own leaders, not

under chiefs imposed on us.

"If Onverwacht becomes part of

QwaQwa we will trek, I don't know

where but we will not lose hope. We

will struggle on."

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64
SOUTH AFRICA

OUKASIE RESIDENTS LIVE IN HARDSHIP WAITING FOR FORCED REMOVAL

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 8 Feb 87 p 11

[Article by Sol Morathi]

[Text]

RESIDENTS of Brits' Old Location -

which officially doesn't exist anymore -

are living with the pressure of verbal

threats and erratic essential services

while waiting for their inevitable forced

removal.

Litter, rubble, dirt roads devoid of electricity or

water-borne sewerage, night-soil buckets lining the

streets waiting to be collected and burst communal

taps is the sight that greets visitors to Oukasie.

The authorites "want

to get people disillusioned and discouragedI",

said Brits Action Committee chairman Marshall Molefe Buys.

Buys said every week

water was cut off in some

sections, night soil was

not collected and garbage

was not removed.

"The state of our township is deteriorating daily," he said. "Since the

last heavy rainfalls, our

roads are unusable. You

can hardly differentiate

between the main roads

and minor streets.

"Everything is in a

shambles. The authorities are well aware of the

conditions, but are ignoring them. That is one way

of getting people discouraged," said Buys.

Central Transvaal Administration Board superintendent Dan de Beer

denied that they were not

providing Oukasie people

with essential services.

"Those people are talking nonsense," he said.

"At the moment we have

sent labourers into the location to pick up the

night soil buckets and for

some other things."

De Beer said they were

unable to repair roads at

the moment as it cost

them over R20 000 during the rainy season.

"We normally repair

the roads during winter.

At this stage it will be a

futile excercise if we try

to do that."

But Buys was adamant

that the government was

neglecting the Oukasie

community.

Just recently, as Buys

put it, the government

once again applied one of

"its dirtiest tricks" by

closing Itumeleng Primary School without consulting the remaining Oukasie people.

Teachers, school

equipment and some

pupils have already gone

to Letlhabile. Most

pupils who were previously at Itumeleng are now

at Odi Primary School.

Because of the influx

at Odi, some classes have

as many as 80 pupils and

the 15 teachers provided

by the DET cannot cope,

according to school principal M Pitso.

The school, DET

spokesman Peter Mundell argues, has not been

closed but transferred to

Letlhabile.

There are also fears

that the remaining

schools - Odi and Botlhabela Secondary - may

also be transferred to

Letlhabile despite the

DET's assurance that the •

schools would not be

closed.

A local community

creche was also closed by

the Central Transvaal

Administration Board,

but was reopened after

consultations.

Nonetheless, the board

has indicated that while

it would provide the facilities for the Oukasie

community, it would stop

providing any finance.

At a meeting held recently, the community resolved to seek sponsorship to run the clinic.

Buys said the clinic

was presently surviving

on the RI2 paid every

' month by parents whose

children were in the care

of the creche.

Oukasie no longer existed, despite the presence of about I 400 families in the area, according to an order gazetted

by the Constitutional,

Development and Planning Department last

year.

It was deproclaimed in

October last year, making the remaining families illegal squatters in

the place they have occupied for more than 55

years.

Almost 7 000 people

have been moved to Letlhabile •- a resettlement

area on the edge of BoPhuthatswana, after

buckling under government pressure.

Since the deproclamation, Buys pointed out,

Oukasie people have

been exposed to trying,

unhygienic conditions despite the R24.50 service

charges thev have to pay

every month.

"We have tried to raise

this with the authorities

on many occassions, but

nobody seems to care "

said Buys.

"This is a futile excercise on the part of the

government. If they think

this is how they will finally get us out of Oukasie,

they are very wrong.

"They will never succeed. They better try a

new strategy as Oukasie

65
people have shown that

they will not move.

"Most of the people

who have agreed to go tc

Letlhabile did so under

pressure from the authorities. They did not dc

it voluntarily." •

Buys added they would

continue their fight

against the impending

forced removal.

Throughout the township vacant spaces have

been turned into "people's parks" with names

like "Viva Senzeni Park"

and "Survival Park". Tshirts bearing slogans

such as "We are here tc

stay" and "We Love Oukasie" are an increasingly

common sight.

Tonight at 6pm representatives from various

community organisations

will meet at the Roman

Catholic Church in Oukasie to discuss the removals. There will be delegations from Driefontein, Crossroads, Mogopa

and other areas.

Rev OK Makgopela

said it would be called

the "Covenant Project",

which was a means of

bringing together communities that have been

affected by resettlement.

There will also be a

prayer meeting at the Roman Catholic Church on

Sunday.

/12828

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66
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ANC REJECTS UK CALL—Harare, 21 February, SAPA—The African National Congress

has rejected a British call for the Organisation of African Unity to plan a

Lancaster House style constitutional conference, ZIANA, the Zimbabwe semiofficial new agency reported. The British prime minister, Mrs Margaret

Thatcher, called the OAU chairman, Congolese President Denis Sassou Nguesso,

to convene a conference to solve the South African situation when the two

leaders met in London recently. Mr Alfred Nzo, the ANC secretary general,

spoke at length in Harare today on the matter, but may not legally be quoted

in South Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1313 GMT 21 Feb 87 MB]

/12232

EVICTION THREAT—Mamelodi residents who have not paid rent for the last 13

months have been threatened with eviction. The Mamelodi Town Council told

permit holders to pay their arrears as soon as possible or face eviction.

A council spokesman confirmed that notices have been issued to people who did

not want to pay their rent. He said most of them did not pay under the

pretext of intimidation. "We do not see why they are still not prepared

to pay their rent and service charges as the threat of intimidation is no

longer there. If they have problems, they must make arrangements with the

council." This is the second time residents have been given such notices

since a rent boycott began in November 1985, after over 20 people were shot

by security police after staging a march to the local administration board

offices to demand that house rentals and service charges be lowered. Late

last year lawyers for the Mamelodi Civic Association said a case challenging

the 1984 rent increase was in process. [Text][Johannesburg CITY PRESS in

English 8 Feb 87 p 2][Article by Sol Morathij/12828

'IMB0K0D0' VIGILANTES REPORTED ACTIVE--The militant KwaNdebele vigilante

group "Imbokodo" is said to be back in action and scores of villagers

have fled the homeland. Several KwaNdebele villagers arrived in Soweto

at the weekend after fleeing the homeland. They claim they feared for their

lives. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Feb 87 p 2]/12828

CSO: 3400/132

67
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S EGLIN OUTLINES VIEWS ON ISSUES

MB151757 Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 15 Feb 87 p 15

[Report on interview with PFP leader Colin Eglin by political correspondent

David Breier]

[Text] Are the Progs [PFP] soft on communism, as President P.W. Botha and

Mr Horace van Rensburg say? Actually, if the Progs came to power, "we would

eat the communists for breakfast," says Mr Colin Eglin. If that's soft, then

it seems so are President Botha and Mr Van Rensburg.

Today is the first anniversary of the day Mr Eglin took over for the second

time as leader of the Progressive Federal Party. That was after

Dr F. van Zyl Slabbert's shattering decision to resign his leadership and

leave parliamentary politics.

In an interview with THE SUNDAY STAR, Mr Eglin showed the spirit that had

changed the demoralised party of a year ago into one that is entering a

General Election campaign with high hopes.

Mr Eglin might have relished an interview dealing with the government's record

over the past 39 years, which reads like a handbook on how to wreck a perfectly

good country.

But instead, THE SUNDAY STAR tackled him on issues Which the Nats have chosen

to use against the PFP in the election: the fight against the dark forces of

communism, the ANC, swart gevaar, [the black threat] outside interference and

how the PFP may well be on the side of the devil in these areas.

Firstly, why do the Progs want to release, without any preconditions, imprisoned

political leaders such as Nelson Mandela? Is this not a formula for more

violence?

Absolutely not—in fact the contrary, Mr Eglin says. One does not begin

negotiations by locking people in jail but by locking them into a process of

negotiation.

The gradual reduction of violence on both sides is part of the process of getting

people to negotiate.

68
"One does not try to begin at the end, which is the ending of violence."

The government insists that Mr Mandela must renounce violence before he can

be released, and the ANC do likewise before negotiations can begin.

Mr Eglin sees the release of political prisoners and unbanning of organisations as part of the long process of negotiation which will ultimately lead

to a peaceful political solution.

What about the PFP's monitoring of security force activity in black townships

and its strong criticism of the police during the past two years of unrest.

Does this not show that the PFP sides with blacks against whites?

Mr Eglin says PFP monitoring does not consist simply of criticising the state's

activities.

He sees it as part of the "in-depth process of negotiation and mediation and

an ongoing process of bridge-building" which has already had a major xmpact

on South Africa.

And what about suggestions that the PFP sides with the enemies of South Africa?

That was an easy one to answer. Nobody has done more than Mr Eglin himself,

together with other Progs such as Mrs Helen Suzman and Dr Van Zyl Slabbert

when he was leader, to argue overseas against sanctions.

Furthermore, these arguments by outspoken opponents of apartheid hold far more

weight overseas than do the arguments of those who are tied to apartheid,

Mr Eglin points out.

Then there is the belief that when all is said and done, the PFP really stands

for black majority rule.

The question was deliberately provocative, but Mr Eglin took it seriously and

responded at length about how there would be no hope for South Africa if we

saw the future as black against white, "as the Nats had taught us to do.

South Africans of all races are now meeting at many levels, and are building

up a trust that needs to be extended into political power-sharing, he says.

And Mr Eglin repeats the various safeguards built into PFP P°^y»a federal

system, devolution of power, proportional representation a Bill of R^s

protecting people against discrimination, and special protection for language

and other cultural rights.

Since the interview was provocative, I asked whether it was really true that

the PFP was soft on violence and communism.

Actually, this was the easiest question of all to field: "People who engage

in violence must simply be dealt with by the courts in terms of the laws of

the land which outlaw violence, sedition and treason.

69
othera

foiieS t0 a11 Vl0lenCe'

whether ifc be the violence of communism or any

And when it comes to communism, Mr Eglin points out that the PFP took an

outspoken anti-communist stand when it was founded and totally rejects the

communist philosophy.

What is more, the PFP would be a far more effective opponent to communism than

the present government, which is effectively promoting communism among many

people who see it as the alternative to apartheid.

Under the PFP there would be equality of opportunity and freedom for all which

would make communism no longer an attractive alternative.

What about the PFP's insistence on a national convention at which a new

STS1^

10

? frldu

b

!

pr0duced? Ifc was this policy which former Randburg

MP Mr Wynand Malan had cited as one of the reasons why he still opposes the

rrogs.

"Mr Malan believes that by being dogmatic about a national convention, the Progs

reduce the scope for negotiation. To get to the table, we need negotiations

about negotiations," says Mr Eglin.

Those who see the national convention as a "one or two-day political jamboree

at which we will solve all the problems of South Africa" simply do not understand the nature of negotiation.

The Nats themselves should understand this, he points out. When the Nkomati

Accord was negotiated between South Africa and Mozambique, there was no prior

insistence that South Africa should stop supporting the MNR and that Mozambique

renounce support for the ANC. H

To sum up Mr Eglin's response to suggestions that the Progs are soft on law

and order: It is apartheid and government policies which have led to the present

lack of law and order, and it is the Progs who can help to end the mess.

/8309

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70
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP IDENTIFYING CANDIDATES, PLANNING STRATEGY

MB151736 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1635 GMT 15 Feb 87

[Text] Cape Town Feb 15 SAPA—The PFP-NRP alliance is to contest up to 100

seats in the white election, the chairman of the PFP's Federal Council,

Mr Ken Andrew, said today. He told a press conference after a meeting of the

Progressive Federal Party's Federal Executive and other office bearers in

Cape Town that the PFP itself would contest between 80 and 85 seats.

The party would not contest the Randburg seat held by the former National Party

MP, Mr Wynand Malan, who is standing as an independent candidate.

With the PFP, NRP and Mr Malan the total of reform-minded candidates standing

would be in the region of 95 to 100, Mr Andrew said. However, he added, the

PFP was receiving a large number of requests to put up candidates in outlying

constituencies.

The party's leader, Mr Colin Eglin, said the PFP had received a "fascinating"

number of offers in the last few days from people in constituencies the party

would not normally contest, offering to help or to stand as PFP candidates.

These offers were being screened and "we will decide on the most suitable

candidates."

Mr Andrew said the PFP would be contesting more constituencies than it had in

the past decade.

Progress reports received from the various regions had been extremely positive,

and more than 70 of the seats the party would contest had been identified. _

A large number of the others had been roughly identified and would be finalised

after negotiations with prospective candidates and local PFP committees.

He said the PFP's voter registration campaign had broken previous records, and

party offices had processed "tens of thousands" of voters in January.

Mr Eglin said today's meeting of the extended PFP Federal Executive, including

regional chairmen and directors, had also discussed details of PFP strategy

for the election. "We made an assessment that people of all political parties

are fed up with this government and concerned about the future. They are _

looking for a new deal." The PFP's campaign would be "critical and aggressive

but would also be geared ve?y strongly to providing a "vision and hope for the

future."

71
"We are going to place particular emphasis on strengthening the base of the

PFP as well as alliances with other, reform-minded candidates," Mr Eglin

said. This process was already under way. "I believe the PFP can offer one

unique benefit—it is the only party that can bring people together through

negotiation, creating stability through racial harmony. The government has

gone as far as it can go" in this respect, he said.

Today's meeting had also discussed aspects of financing the PFP's election

campaign and handling of media, advertising and mailing.

"By the time parliament goes into recess, our election strategy will be in

the starting blocks, and we will be equipped to run an effective campaign,"

Mr Eglin said.

Mr Andrew said the official launch of the PFP campaign would be March 7,

when all the party's candidates would meet at a Johannesburg hotel.

/8309

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72
SOUTH AFRICA

DPSC RELEASES FIGURES ON DETAINED CHILDREN

MB161515 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1415 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg Feb 16 SAPA—At least 876 children under 18—mainly

from the Transvaal—have been detained since start of the state of emergency

and at least 720 of these are still in detention, the Detainees Parents

Support Committee [DPSC] said in a statement today.

The DPSC said their figures were "extremely conservative" and did not accurately

reflect the "far larger numbers of children believed to have been detained."

The statistics were taken from records of the DPSC, which record child detainees

primarily from the southern Transvaal, and a few cases from the Orange Free

State, Natal and northern Transvaal.

The statement said a total of 876 children aged 18 and under were recorded

by the DPSC since June 12, 1986, and 684 of these were aged 17 and under.

Of those 18 and under, 156 have been released, leaving 720 still in detention,

while 557 of those aged 17 and under were still being held. Three children

have been charged—in one case, with attempted murder.

The West Rand was hardest hit by child detention. Almost a quarter of these—

179 of the total on the DPSC's records—were from Krugersdorp's Munsieville

and Kagiso townships.

Two detainees under the state of emergency—Peter Phofugae of Munsieville, who

was held for just under three months, and Edward Mosiane of Kagiso, who was

held for a month—are 10 years old.

Three of six 11-year-olds detained are still in detention, according to DPSC

records. Two spent six weeks in detention. Sizani Mahlangu of Tembisa spent

four months in detention. Stompi Sepei of Parys and Thabo Mtuzula of Kagiso

are entering their seventh month in detention.

Of nine 12-year-olds reported detained since June 12 last year, five are still

inside—Grace Ntswaki (Munsieville), Oscar Tunzi (Kagiso), Moses Tsepetsi

(Vereeniging) . The two others are—"according to sketchy information"—

Grace Lebone (Munsieville) and Philemon Monage (Alexandra).

73
Other figures released by the DPSC are:

Age fourteen: 86 detained, 16 released, 70 remain in detention.

Age fifteen: 134 detained, 21 released, 113 remain in detention.

Age sixteen: 127 detained, 39 released, 178 remain in detention.

Age seventeen: 201 detained, 34 released, 167 remain in detention.

Age eighteen: 192 detained, 29 released, 163 remain in detention.

Kagiso/Munsieville has almost 200 children in detention, while Soweto

has about 220 reported cases. Tembisa cases number 76.

/8309

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74
SOUTH AFRICA

COUNTRY SUFFERS 'MASSIVE BRAIN DRAIN' IN 1987

MB201718 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Feb 87 p 1

[By political correspondent David Braun]

[Text] South Africa experienced a massive brain drain in 1986 losing on average about three highly trained professional people every day of the year.

According to statistics released in Parliament this week by the minister of

home affairs, Mr Stoffel Botha, a total of 2,164 professional people emigrated

in 1986, while 1,026 immigrated.

The net loss for the country was 1,138 or, on average, just more than three

a day.

Mr Botha supplied the information in answer to questions by Mr Peter Soal

(PFP, Johannesburg North). Mr Soal said today the 2:1 brain drain reflected

a massive vote of no confidence in the government's ability to achieve political security.

"These are not people who leave for economic reasons, as professionals are still

doing well in South Africa. They leave because of the political insecurity

caused by the government.

"The loss of teachers is particularly depressing.

The overall loss of professionals to the country means many years of expensive

university training is going down the drain and a very serious situation is

developing."

According to the minister's statistics, South Africa lost 80 doctors and 12

dentists in 1986. It gained 49 doctors and 5 dentists. Fifty lawyers left

and 5 arrived.

Losses (and gains in brackets) of other categories of professionals were as

follows:

Teachers 263 (90), economists 287 (53), engineers and related technicians 30

(13), social workers 17 (6), quantity surveyors 33 (8), scientists 84 (59).

75
Aircraft and ship's officers 10 (4), medical, dental, veterinary and related

workers (excluding doctors and dentists) 271 (116), statisticians, mathematicians, systems analysts and related technicans 152 (63), jurists 7 (4).

authors, journalists and related writers 56 (23), sculptors, painters, photographers and related creative artists 4 (3), creative artists (glass and ceramics) 78 (43), other professional, technical and related workers 42 (24).

South Africa showed a gain in religious workers, attracting 49 and losing 40.

Other categories which showed signs were: composers and performing artists 28

(losing 25), and athletes and related workers 12 (losing 8).

/12232

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76
SOUTH AFRICA

50,000 MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES GIVEN SIX-MONTH STAY PERMIT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Feb 87 p 15

[Article by Janine Simon]

fTextl Since March 1986 the Depart- J ment of Home Affairs has issued 50 000 provisional permits to Mozambican refugees in Gazankulu and kaNgwane, and estimates are that

another 20 000 have still to

be issued.

But the permits, which entitle

an "illegal alien" to a sixmonth stay in a defined area

and access to short-term assistance, apply only when

Shangaan, Zulu and Swazi

refugees have reached the

safety of their respective

tribal affiliates in Gazankulu, kwaZulu and kaNgwane.

"Illegal aliens" - the South

African Government's term

— caught en route were repatriated, said Vice-Admiral

RA Edwards, secretary of

the Ministerial Co-ordinating

Committee of the Nkomati

Accord.

Provisional permits were renewable and the department

was into its second and third

cycles of renewals, Vice-Admiral Edwards said.

Work started in Gazankulu,

where 40 000 permits have

: already been issued, as the

, need there was greatest.

"We have not yet reached kwa-

. Zulu and no head counts

have been done there," ViceAdmiral Edwards said. It

was understood that about

, 3000 refugees were in kwaZulu.

/12828

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MEDICAL AGENCIES

Vice-Admiral Edwards said the

short-term assistance —

food, clothing, medical assistance and shelter — was delivered by local government,

principally medical, agencies.

Mozambicans were also assisted through local State relief

committees and relief organ

isations such as the International and South African Red

Cross Societies, Operation

Hunger, the Salvation Army

I and churches, particularly

the Catholic Church.

Vice-Admiral Edwards said

Gazankulu, kwaZulu and

kaNgwane were developing

areas, and were coping with

the influx of long-time visitors by "making do and sharing out".

"We do not believe in refugee

camps. There are temporary

assembly points, but people

remain here only until the

local chief can assign them a

piece of ground where they

can settle," he said.

Vice-Admiral Edwards said the

"refugees" were likely to be

a long-term problem and

that the influx of all Mozambicans into South Africa was

expected to increase by 10 to

15 percent.

There was a total of 300 000

Mozambicans in South Africa - 80 000 legal workers,"

70000 "refugees" and 150000

illegal workseekers scattered throughout South Africa, particularly the PWV.

77
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT CONTINUES CRACKDOWN ON ILLEGAL ALIENS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Feb 87 p 3

[Article by Dianna Games]

[Text] IN THE continuing crackdown on

illegal workers, Department of

Home Affairs inspectors have ordered removal of 553 people from

SA.

This is possibly just the beginning of the department's renewed

campaign, at a time of rising unemployment, to rid,the country of

an estimated 1,3-million people

working here illegally.

Circulars were sent to 190000

employers in October warning

them inspectors would be visiting

work premises and reminding

them of the provisions of the Aliens

Act. Contraventions of the Act can

result in fines of up to R5 000 or

two years' jail.

To date, about 103 000 employers

have acknowledged receipt of the

letters.

The department said yesterday

the foreigners who were ordered to

leave had been located through inspection of premises by immigration officers in centres where the

department had offices.

A total of 32 216 illegal workers

were sent from SA to neighbouring

states in 1986, the department said

They were from: Mozambique

(19081); Botswana (7 289); Lesotho

(2 596); Zimbabwe (2 538); Swaziland (671); Malawi (35); Tanzania

(3); Zaire (2); and Zambia (I).

In the last two months of 1986,

about 5 000 illegals were deported

to Mozambique.

It is reported about 300 illegal

workers cross into SA from

Mozambique each month.

Ten people were deported from

SA in terms of Section 45 of the

Admission of Persons to the Republic Act, where their removal

was deemed by the Minister of

Home Affairs to be in the public

interest. The Minister does not

have to give reasons for their deportation.

More than 200 people convicted

of criminal offences were evicted

under the Act in 1986.

/12828

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78
SOUTH AFRICA

DET TO REOPEN REMAINING EASTERN CAPE SCHOOLS

MB201230 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1229 GMT 20 Feb 87

[Text] Port Elizabeth, 20 February, SAPA—The last two of the 60 schools closed

in the eastern Cape by the Department of Education and Training last year will

reopen on Monday.

The schools were closed when the DET decided that "no meaningful education" was

taking place.

The two schools are Ebenezer Majombozi and Qaqamba Senior Secondary in Duncan

Village.

In a statement issued by the DET today, a spokesman said following a series of

discussions between the parents and the assistant director, official sanction

had not been given for the resumption of secondary education in Duncan Village.

"It has been agreed that pupils will be enrolled from Monday, 23 February,

starting with the Standard 10 classes and will proceed on a basis of class-byclass registration until the exercise has been completed.

"For purposes of enrollment, application forms will be completed by parents,"

he said.

The spokesman said pupils would be registered as members of the Duncan Village

Secondary School and would be accommodated in the Ebenezer Majombozi buildings.

Attendence at schools in the eastern Cape and throughout the country is reported

to be good and free stationery and books have been distributed at all schools.

In a statement issued earlier this week, Mr Mzimasi Mangcotywa, acting spokesman

for the Port Elizabeth Consumer Boycott Committee (CBC) and executive member of

the Port Elizabeth Youth Congress (PEYCO), said pupils had given an undertaking

to study seriously this year and that no disruptions would be caused to the

academic year.

/12232

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79
SOUTH AFRICA

DET REPORTS ON SCHOOL UNREST IN 1986

MB231440 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1443 GMT 23 Feb 87

[Text] Parliament, 23 February, SAPA—-At any given time last year an average

of 260 schools out of the total of more than 7,300 under the control of the

Department of Education and Training [DET] were being disrupted by unrest, the

department says in its report for 1986, tabled here today.

The areas most seriously affected by the unrest were Johannesburg and the

eastern Cape.

In most cases classes were resumed "after discussions had been held with the

communities concerned aimed at gaining their cooperation."

The minister, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, his deputy, Mr Sam de Beer, and the department

had done their "utmost" to promote and maintain communication with organisations, community leaders and individuals.

The report says that the requirement, introduced last year, that pupils show

proof of registration while at school, had had "positive results" and was met

with approval in many communities.

The report also said critics of education for blacks often applied unrealistic

criteria when comparing an education system, such as that for blacks, which was

still in "an early growth phase," with "well-established education departments

for other population groups."

"At assessment of per capita expenditure on education for blacks should take

into consideration the dissimilarity in historical background between education for blacks and education for other population groups; the dissimilar

growth rate; the dissimilar enrollment position and the dissimilar age composition of both teachers and pupils."

For "various good reasons" the per capita expenditure could not be the same at

this stage.

The various education departments, did not necessarily use the same criteria to

calculate the per capita figure.

80
About 80 percent of an education department's budget was allocated to salaries,

and in the case of black education about 78 percent of the teachers had lesser

qualifications than their counterparts in other departments.

"Contrary to what many cirtics seem to believe, per capita spending is not a

predetermined "formula" which forms the basis for the department's budget as

part of a vicious conspiracy wantonly and deliberately to impede the black

man's progress.

"On the contrary it is the result, or the translation into figures, of a combination of planning, progress and achievement in any given year."

The 10-year programme aimed at parity in "education provision" with other education departments was "in the process of development.

/12232

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81
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY VIEWS NEED FOR MEDIA CURBS DURING ELECTIONS

MB160636 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The general election to the House of Assembly is now 12 weeks away,

and in these 12 weeks the media can and must play an indispensable role in

bringing relevant issues in the election campaign to the attention of the

voters.

That there are restrictions on the media's freedom in this regard is beyond

argument. For example, a candidate wishing to contend from a public platform

that a state of emergency should be ended would have problems and the media

would have problems in reporting his speech.

However, it is important to note that the major issues in the election, such

as the question of reform, are clear-cut, and the candidates and the media

can present policies and perceptions freely and elegitimately.

Similarly, in the important area of security matters the public is kept informed

of developments through regular communiques from official sources, and the

restrictions on the media have not prevented newspapers from quoting other

sources that directly challenge official statistics on, for example, detainees

or unrest incidents.

It is important to distinguish, when assessing the justification or otherwise

of the media curbs, between two main media groups. On the one hand, there are

certain publications which, in the words of the state president, are actively

promoting the revolutionary climate in South Africa, and President Botha has

indicated that he plans to take action against such publications. On the other

hand, there are what President Botha has called the main South African media.

Between this main media and the government there is agreement that South Africa

is being subjected to a multidimensional and well-coordinated revolutionary

offensive and that everything possible should be done to avoid supporting those

seeking revolutionary change openly as well as covertly.

82
President Botha has offered to lift the media curbs immediately if the media

voluntarily adhere to certain guidelines that reflect this agreement. Some

newspapers have rejected this proposal on the grounds of the indivisibility

of press freedom. For the past 3 months or so, the government has been

meeting at cabinet level with the Newspaper Press Union and the four main

newspaper groups to try and resolve the problem. Last Friday a planned meeting

was called off by the government because it felt that there had been a lack of

progress by the media in establishing effective procedures to regulate

themselves. Both sides are keeping the door open. Voters will hope for the

speedy resolution of the problem so that they can enjoy the freest possible

flow of news in the run-up to the election on 6 May.

/8309

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83
SOUTH AFRICA

MEDIA SURVEY CATALOGS ALLOTMENT OF SABC AIR TIME

MB200930 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0922 GMT 2Q Feb 87

[Embargoed until 2200 GMT on 20 February]

[Text] Cape Town 20 February SAPA--A survey of SABCTV news boradcasts has

found that over half of the coverage over a period of a week in September last

year was devoted to sport and "trivia," while information about unrest and the

state of emergency was "just not offered."

The survey was conducted by the department of Journalism at Rhodes University

and analysed by one of its students, Mr Tony Walker. Mr Walker says he concludes the SABCS function has clearly emerged over past years as one of "a

source of relaxation and entertainment for the essentially white privileged

classes of South Africa." "This casts the SABC as pacifying agent in relation

to its viewers. This policy is reflected in the content of the new broadcasts

analysed."

During the week the only extra-parliamentary opposition group which "contributed"

to the news broadcasts was the ANC. "No mention was made of the UDF or even

Inkatha, and no trade unions made the news—whether left or right wing."

About two-thirds of the time allocated to interviews was used for interviews

with cabinet ministers.

"This points to a consistent over-accessing of government sources and little or

no attempt to obtain competition definitions of events. Where alternative

views are sought there appears to be little concern with any opposition group

outside of parliament. This can be seen by the time allocation, which is so

small it appears to be a token gesture rather than a serious attempt at news

gathering, to the PFP, NP, CP and NRP and the exclusion of extra-parliamentary

opposition groups."

This revealed a situation in which "the main electronic media network of the

country is contributing to the attempt by the government to polarise political

and other opposition in South Africa which is not institutionalised in the

present power structure."

"An interesting point to note is that while the period included the inducation

of Bishop Tutu and featured a special on the Anglican Church, screened on Network,

Bishop Tutu was not granted one word over the air in the entire week."

/12232

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SOUTH AFRICA

PFP THREATENS COURT ACTION OVER SABC BIAS

MB200855 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0849 GMT 20 Feb 87

[Embargoed until 2200 GMT on 20 February]

[Text] Cape Town 20 February SAPA--The PFP would challenge the SABC in the

supreme court if the corporation continued to favour the National Party during

the election campaign, PFP media spokesman Mr Dave Dalling said in ä statement

today. He said it was no mistake that Mr Alwyn Schlebusch had been appointed

to take responsibility for the SABC.

"He is President Botha's personal representative watchdog at Aukland Park and

will no. doubt deliver whatever degree of bias Mr P.W. Botha requires. The

PRP does not intend to take this lying down."

Mr Dalling's statement accompanied the release of a survey of SATV news broadcasts by the Department of Journalism at Rhodes University. He said the survey

showed that the SABC could be seen "more as a pacifying agent that an instrument

to bring information to the attention of the public." It revealed a consistent

"over-accessing" of government sources, with little or no attempt being made

to obtain differing views of events.

The SABC made little attempt to gather news from any political parties other

than the NP or government, and was a "willing party to the government strategy

to polarise and isolate all opposition outside the current power structure."

The public was being lulled into a state of "soporific ignorance" by the SABC's

non-reporting of any unrest except in the blandest terms and by its ignoring

opposition parties and in particular extra-parliamentary organisations.

"An important point to make is that now an election has been announced, the

trend to one-sided and partial reporting is being confirmed. The last few

weeks vewing has been pro-nationalist and one-sided in the extreme."

The PFP did not ask any special favours. It required only that the SABC stick

to its conditions of licence, which stated among other things that it was the

duty of the corporation to report news "clearly, unambiguously, factually, impartially and without distortion." Before resorting to law, however, the PFP

was more than willing to negotiate with the SABC over fair broadcasting, and

to that end he, PFP leader Mr Colin Eglin and the party's chief executive officer,

Mr Robin Carlisle, were trying to arrange a discussion with SABC Chairman Mr

Brand Fourie and Director General Mr Riaan Eksteen.

/12232

CSO: 3400/112 85
SOUTH AFRICA

COSATU HOLDS REGIONAL CONGRESS IN CAPE

MB151900 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1821 GMT 15 Feb 87

[Text] Port Elizabeth, Feb 15, SAPA—About 500 representatives from

14 affiliates of the Congress of South African Trade Unions in the eastern

Cape today attended the official launch of COSATU's east Cape regional

congress in Port Elizabeth. The launch, held in the active hall in Kortsten,

was described as a "landmark in the history of the region" following one which

was aborted in May last year because of internal differences.

Those elected to the executive committee of the congress were Mr John Dube as

chairman, Mr Thembinkosi Mkhalipi as vice-chairman, Mr Dennis Neer as general

secretary and Mr Hamilton Mlunguzi as treasurer. As Mr Neer is still in

detention, Mr Les Kettledas was elected as acting secretary.

A regional education committee with one representative from each affiliate and

a representative from each region Was also elected.

Addressing the launch, COSATU's president, Elijah Barayi, said he was thankful

that the regional congress had been officially launched as the delay since the

aborted one in May last year had always disturbed him. He said the eastern

Cape was one of the regions COSATU looked upon for guidance as it had a

beautiful history and a lot of heroes.

Mr Barayi warned the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, not to stand in the way of

the wagon of freedom as its wheels might crush him. He called on the state

president to release Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners; to unban

the African National Congress, the Pan-African Congress (PAC) and the Congress

of South African Students (COSAS). "I call Upon you, Mr Botha, to order your

soldiers not to continue shooting our people, especially our children who are

the future leaders of this country. I want to warn you too that your time is

over," he said.

Mr Barayi added that revenue from taxes imposed blacks were being abused by

the government to oppress them.

He said COSATU was prepared to work with any progressive organisations involved

in the struggle for the liberation of the black people.

/8309

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86
SOUTH AFRICA

STILFONTEIN MINERS TELL OF TORTURE BY PRIVATE POLICE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 13-19 Feb 87 pp 1, 2

[Article by Phillip Van Niekerk]

[Text] STARTLING allegations of torture and electric shock treatment by a

private police force owned by Gold Fields of South Africa were made

this week.

Two Stilfontein gold mine workers interviewed separately told the

Weekly Mail members of the mine police put bags over their heads

and gave them electric shocks while interrogating them about the theft

of food from the kitchen.

The allegations come at a sensitive

time for the Gold Fields mining

conglomerate, whose London-based

parent, Consolidated Gold Fields,

celebrated its centenary this week

amid threats of a stepped-up

disinvestment campaign by British

anti-apartheid groups.

A representative of Gold Fields

Security Company, a private security

force $et up by Gold Fields to police

its mines, at first declined to comment

because the matter was "under

investigation".

She said: "We are not the Gestapo. We do not assault people."

Later, the manager of the company, D I Pullar, denied the

allegations.

An in-house disciplinary inquiry into one of the incidents was held at

the mine this week, but it had no legal standing and its findings have

been questioned by an NUM shaft steward who was present, Selomo

Monethi.

The inquiry — into alleged assault on 57-year-old Daliwonga

Gxaleka — was presided over by security management and the

officials were cleared because there were no witnesses to the incident,

according to Monethi, and it conflicted with the evidence of the

security officers.

"How can a man who is interrogated have a witness ?" he asked.

There has been no inquiry into the second incident.

In a swom statement, Gxaleka described how on January 28 he was

taken for questioning and warned that if he did not tell the truth he

87
would "meet the tokoloshe".

According to tribal custom, the

tokoloshe is an evil spirit. But

workers at the mine say it is used as a

euphemism for an electric generator.

Gxaleka said he was taken into

bushes near the Potchefstroom road,

and his hands were handcuffed

between his legs. He was suffocated

with a canvas bag over most of his

body and had felt something taped

onto his body.

"I felt terrible pains all over my

body ... this continued for about ten

minutes. All along I was asked to

speak the truth."

Gxaleka said the pain and cramps

were so severe that at one stage he had

asked a white security officer to shoot

him.

When he was taken back to the

security office, his mouth was

bleeding and he was told to wash it

out.

A second man, 55-year-old

Phuzethu Mfaniswas, has been in

hospital since January 30 after

spending two days in the custody of

the South African Police.

NUM officials said they had been

denied access to him.

Pullar said yesterday that Mfaniswas

had been admitted to hospital

suffering from pneumonia or

bronchitis.

Interviewed at the mine hospital this

week, Mfaniswas said that when he

had been admitted on January 30 he

was urinating blood and his phlegm,

was bloody.

Mfaniswas — whose body still had

scabs on it where, he said, live electric

wires had been attached to him — told

a similar story to Gxaleka, even:

though the two men had not seen each

other since the incident.

Mfaniswas said that while he was

being electrocuted in the bush with a

canvas bag over his head,- the men

pulled and squeezed his private parts.

Both men said they had been

interrogated by the same security

officials — one white officer and a

black officer who formerly worked

for the SAP.

According to the NUM, the black

officer had left the SAP after shooting

a child. ,

Pullar confirmed that the officer

had retired after 21 years service with

the SAP. He said the man had been

charged with culpable homicide, but

was not sure whether or not he had

been convicted.

Speelman Jonas, a NUM shaft

steward at the mine, said he had seen

Mfaniswas getting out of a security

vehicle at the hostel gate on January

27 while in the custody of mine

security.

"When he .got out, he was

struggling," Jonas said.

No disciplinary inquiry has yet been

held into the alleged assault.

Pullar said this was because

Mfaniswas had not made a statement

about the assault to management or the

police.

However, Mfaniswas said he had

been visited by a policemen to whom

he had made the allegations, but the

man had not returned to take a

statement.

Pullar said the incident resulted

from the arrest of a mine employee

who was alleged to have stolen R755

worth of groceries.

/12828

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88
SOUTH AFRICA

UNION LEADER HOPES OK STRIKE RESOLVED AFTER MEETING

MB121715 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 12 Feb 87

[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text] Tomorrow, there is due to be a meeting between the management of the OK

Bazaars supermarket chain in South Africa and the leaders of the black catering union. Ten thousand workers have been on strike since mid-December,

demanding better wages and conditions. The dispute has become increasingly

bitter; hundreds of striking workers have been sacked and last month a bomb

exploded in a branch of OK Bazaars in Johannesburg.

Well, (Makulu Ledwaba), president of the catering union and vice president of

the powerful COSATU congress, has been in London as a guest of the British

TUC [Trades Union Council]. Julian Marshall asked him what hopes he had of a

settlement coming out of tomorrow's talks.

[Begin recording] [(Ledwaba)] I think the Friday meeting may actually be the

last meeting, and we hope that the dispute will be resolved there. If we look

at the present offer of management, which they term their last offer, and

obviously our demand, that we have shifted tremendously from our original

demand on 160 (?up) to say 120....

[Marshal], interrupting] What about the reinstatement of sacked workers?

[(Ledwaba)] Yes, I think that is another area of great importance that we feel

management has ... [changes thought] that is, in the process of the strike,

management behaved actually in a particular way that was not acceptable to the

union, that it fired workers without considering some of the factors, you know,

like a telex was sent yesterday to the TUC here where OK's managing director

said the workers who were fired, you know, were fired because of some

irresponsible behavior and somehow, within the telex, he wants to deny that

workers have been fired. But the fact is workers were fired. And we want to

say the strike has taken place and every strike, I mean, has its own problems,

and these are some of the problems of the strike and this has to be forgotten

and all the workers who have lost their jobs, that is 551, must be unconditionally reinstated.

89
[Marshall] If there shouldn't be a settlement as a result of the Friday

meeting, how much longer can the Catering and Allied Workers' Union go on,

and, indeed, how much longer can COSATU go on supporting the strike which

must be becoming increasingly expensive apart from anything else?

[(Ledwaba)] If the dispute is not resolved by Friday, that would mean we have

to pool in a lot of resources, say in terms of manpower and financially as

well, to try and sustain the strike and (?there) we do not see the strike

continuing for the next 2 months. We are quite optimistic that the dispute

you know, might be settled by Friday, and if it is settled, all the better,'

you know, for the workers and also, I think, for management.

[Marshall] Last month, a bomb exploded at Johannesburg branch of the OK Bazaars.

Is that the kind of action that your union condemns as being unhelpful toward

the settlement of the dispute?

[(Ledwaba)] Well, the... [changes thought] When the bomb exploded at OK in

Johannesburg, some of our members were picketing. Just 5 minutes after the

blast, telephones started ringing, you know, from journalists wanting to know

if we had anything to do with the blast and we made it quite clear that we

are a trade union and we are not involved or do not have links, with such

activities, [end recording]

/8309

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90
SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE URGES CRITICS TO IDENTIFY THEMSELVES

MB240837 Johannesburg Television Service in English 0400 GMT 24 Feb 87

[Text] The leader of the Labor Party [LP], Reverand Allan Hendrickse, says

it takes more courage to participate in political negotiation than it does to

level anonymous criticism. He was speaking at a political meeting in the

Bosmont constituency in Johannesburg last night. A by-election for the House

of Representatives is to be held there on 4 March.

[Begin Hendrickse video recording] It requires more guts to sit down with a

man of power than it does to stand and shout as somebody has shouted there on

the outside now, particularly if you are shouting at a faceless person in the

dark. We want people who criticize us and shout at us to come into the light,

so that we can identify them, so that we can know who they are. [End video

recording]

Another speaker, Mr Jac Rabie, MP and the party's national vice chairman, said

that the time had arrived for people to take responsibility for their own future.

He said that the only way to do this was by casting their votes in the 4 March

election. He said that it was obvious that the people of this constituency

intended supporting the LP, and that they were evidently sick and tired of

struggling and suffering. The Bosmont candidate, Mr Arthur Roper, said that

the LP already had 80 out of 85 seats in the House of Representatives. If the

people voted for him, there would be 81 seats.

Rev Allan Hendrickse said that the LP did not have to try to win, the party

had already won. He said the important thing for the party at this stage was

to get a percentage increase in the polls.

/12232

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91
SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE WARNS AGAINST LEFTISTS MISLEADING YOUTH

MB240900 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 0430 GMT 24 Feb 87

[Text] The leader of the Labor Party, Dr Allen Hendrickse, was the guest

speaker at a public meeting in Johannesburg last night in support of Mr Arthur

Roper. Mr Rober is a candidate for the House of Representatives in the byelection on 4 March in the Bosmont constitutency. The seat became vacant on

the death of Mr Arthur Booysen. Dr Hendrickse referred in his address to

blacks' striving for change, and warned against the youth being misled by

leftists.

[Begin Hendrickse video recording] If we cannot bring them to the middle of

the road where [we] can search for peaceful solutions, they will be exploited

by leftists, communists, and those who want to commit violence. We must bring

them with us. These people use our youth, they use our children by playing on

their emotions. That is why one can argue about the UDF and the ANC—and let

me repeat what I said the other night^-that they do not have a significant

following. It is easy to shout, it is easy to create an atmosphere. But in

this country one must have a significant following, as the LP has, among blacks,

among whites, among coloreds. And when that measurable following is taken

into account, it is clear that there are more people in this country dedicated

to peaceful solutions than those who seek the easy path of violence. [End

video recording]

/12232

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92
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ISRAELI DIPLOMAT ENDS VISIT—A senior Israeli diplomat, Mr Alon Liel, who has

been reviewing Israel's relations with South Africa since last weekend, ends

his visit to the country today. Mr Liel told SAPA in Johannesburg that he had

talked to many South Africans in all spheres of life. He did not give details

of the talks. Earlier Western diplomats said that Israel was under pressure

from the United States to cut its links with South Africa, particularly in the

area of trade. The Tel Aviv daily newspaper, DAVAR, reported yesterday that

the Israeli economy would sustain a loss of 1 billion rand if it terminated

relations with South Africa immediately. The newspaper said Israel would need

up to 4 years to find alternative markets for goods now being exported to

South Africa. Israel's main imports from South Africa are coal and metals.

[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 21 Feb 87 MB] /12232

1986 IMMIGRATION TOTALS 7,364—Seven thousand three hundred eighty-four immigrants entered the country in the 12 months ended November last year. In reply

to a question in the House of Assembly, the minister of home affairs, Mr Stoffel

Botha, said that just over 1,800 of the immigrants were 17 years old or younger.

[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0900 GMT 21 Feb 87 MB] /12232

NEW ALL-RACE BUS SERVICE--A new multiracial economy-class coach service

between Johannesburg and Newcastle is to be launched this month. Fares are

R19 single and R38 return. Coaches will leave Newcastle daily at 7:30 am

to arrive in Johannesburg at 11:30 am. They leave Johannesburg at 4:30 pm.

Additional coaches leave from Johannesburg on Fridays at 5:30 pm and on

Sundays at 5:30 pm from Newcastle. Tickets must be bought at Computicket

in Johannesburg. [Text][Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Feb 87 p 4]/12828

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93
SOUTH AFRICA

INFLATION RATE REGISTERS 'TECHNICAL' DECREASE

MB231453 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1451 GMT 23 Feb 87

[Text] Pretoria, 23 February, SAPA—The inflation rate, as measured by the

consumer price index, dropped to 16.1 percent in January from 18.1 percent in

December 1986.

But, said the Central Statistical Service in Pretoria, this was only a "technical" decrease.

This was attributable to an above average monthly increase of 3.1 percent in

January 1986.

Food again rose steeply in January this year—by 3.1 percent—as they [as

received] had in January 1986.

Relatively high food price increases were recorded for meat (4.6 percent),

fruit (4.8 percent), vegetables (6.5 percent), and sugar (2.1 percent). Fish

prices decreased by 1.6 percent.

Cold drink prices increased by 2.8 percent, footwear by 3.9 percent, and

cleaning materials by 6.3 percent.

The Pretoria-Verwoerdburg area was the most expensive urban area in 1986 and

East London the cheapest.

The middle income group experienced the highest price increases—16.4 percent—

but they were still the lowest for this group since September 1985 when the increase was 16.4 percent.

The rates for the lower and higher income groups in January were 16.3 and

15.9 percent respectively.

/12232

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94
SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE MINISTER WELCOMES DECREASE IN INFLATION RATE

MB240842 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 24 Feb 87

[Text] The minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, says the increasing

cost of food remains the biggest contributory factor to the inflationary

spiral. Mr du Plessis told our economic staff that as a result of sharp

increases in the prices of food, the rate was particularly high in January

last year. A monthly increase of 4.4 percent in the inflation rate that

month, could be attributed to a 3.1 percent increase in the price of food.

Mr du Plessis welcomed the present decrease in the rate of inflation to 16.1

percent by that it was the lowest the rate had been since July 1985. He said

the drop was attributable partially to the increase in the price of gold. He

expected the downturn to continue.

Reacting to this, the governor of the reserve bank, Dr Gerhard de Kock, said

the decrease could be attributed partially to a decrease in both private and

public spending, while salary and wage increases had increased only moder

ately. Dr de Kock said that it was heartening that South Africa, at a time

of sanctions and disinvestment, experienced a decrease in the rate of inflation, a firmer rand, and an improvement in the performance of both gold and

foreign reserves.

/12232

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95
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY DISCUSSES HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SANCTIONS

MB260815 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 26 Feb 87

[Station commentary: "Sanctions"]

[Text] Reports that the U.S. is on the point of lifting its eocnomic sanctions

against Poland because it has found that they are not having the desired effect

have important implications for South Africa. The Polish experience is proof

positive of the widely held belief that sanctions do not work, that they are

counterproductive, and usually have the very opposite effects of what was intended.

It has taken more than 5 years for the United States to reach that conclusion

and this only after (?affronting) Polish community leaders. The appeal for the

lifting of sanctions was made by Lech Walesa, leader of the banned Solidarity

Movement, and church leader Cardina Josef Glemp. They told visiting U.S. deputy

secretary of state, John Whitehead, that the Polish people were more adversely

affected by the sanctions than was the government.

The same situation prevails in South Africa. A number of groups and organizations which favored and campaigned for sanctions against South Africa are now

having second thoughts. The numbers are swelling with the increase in black unemployment. Numerous surveys by the doyen of South African social scientists,

Professor Lawrence Schlemmer, show that about 75 percent of black workers oppose

disinvestment and sanctions. He said in a recent interview the full range of

surveys lead one to the conclusion that at this stage only a minority of about

one-quarter or less of (?employed) blacks in major metropolitan areas, less

if rural blacks are included, would support total disinvestment or a full economic boycott. What support there is among blacks for sanction, he says, comes

virtually from the nonworking class.

The Polish experience is that the people who were supposed to have benefited by

the imposition of sanctions are the very ones to be hardest hit. Hopefully,

the United States will not take 5 years to reach the same conclusion in respect

to South Africa.

/12232

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96
SOUTH AFRICA

NUMBER OF JOBS DROPS BY 163,000

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Feb 87 p 2

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

, , EMPLOYMENT in six major

liextj areas _ mining, manufacturing,

construction, electricity, Post

Office and Sats — plunged by

163 000 to 2 748 900 in the two years

to December last year, according

to Central Statistical Services.

Economists said the figures dramatically underlined the distressed state of the national economy. The biggest decrease was in

the construction industry.

There, the numbers employed

dived by 110100 to 295 200. Whites

employed dropped by 13 000 to

41700, and blacks by a huge 79 600

to 203 200.

The total employed in the manufacturing industry fell by 54 000 to

1315 000 in the two years. Total

employment in Sats fell by 27 304

to what is considered a rock-bottom complement of 207 000.

Since Sats' drastic staff cutting

began over three years ago, staff

has been reduced by 66 000.

Bucking the trend was the mining industry, which had 54 282

more workers in December last

year — bringing the total to 755 480

— than in December 1984.

Also showing employment

growth in the two years were

Escom and the Post Office.

Escom employed 2 400 more

workers at a total of 64 600, and the

Post Office 3 897 more at a total of

97 262.

/12828

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97
SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT REPORT URGES LABOR POLICY CHANGE

MB161533 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1454 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 16 February SAPA—South Africa's manpower policies will

not work until it is recongised that they should be more Third-World orientated

and not based on the concept of "fair" labour practices as evolved in developed

countries with complex social welfare systems. This is clearly spelt out in

comment accompanying the latest unemployment figures from the Central Statistical Services (CSS) Office in Pretoria.

The figures indicate some signs of an improvement soon in the country's unemployment. However, the CSS concedes that unemployment remains South Africa's

single most worrying economic problem.

Says its report: "In the post-Wiehahn report period a progressive movement

towards a first-world dispensation with more and more protection for the

workers is noticed. This policy has been fully endorsed by government. Overlooked, however, is the fact that the countries whose fair labour practices

we choose to copy have extensive social benefits for their unemployment. The

high unemployment figures must surely throw doubt upon the preoccupation with

workers' rights to the detriment of the unemployed. Only once everybody has

a decent chance of earning his bread or receiving it in the form of social

security can we indulge in the luxury of so-called manpower issues.

"Obviously, sound economic growth could alleviate the unemployment problem to

some extent. The ideal solution would be to direct growth in a more labourintensive direction.

"Unfortunately, the converse seems to happen in South Africa, and we observe

machines replacing workers daily, simply because labour is comparatively more

expensive than capital.

"The question arises why labour, our abundant production factor, is becoming

more expensive than scarce capital goods? According ot classic economic principles, an oversupply of labour should reduce its price. Labour should then

become more attractive and the economy should move towards higher employment.

Why, one wonders, is this principle not applicable to South Africa?

/12232

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SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE MINISTER DEFENDS ECONOMIC POLICIES

MB161808 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1656 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] House of Assembly 16 February (SAPA)'--It was unfair electioneering to

accuse the government of "manufacturing" inflation, the minister of finance,

Mr .Barend du Plessis, said today. Replying to third reading debate on the minibudget he said there was no clearcut policy that could address this particular

issue and eradicate it without causing an enormous number of unpleasant side

effects. "We can kill inflation, but we will kill the economy in the process,"

he said.

If South Africa had a more comprehensive social welfare system the government

would be able to embark tomorrow on a programme to kill inflation, as it would

have been able to cope with a much larger unemployment figure.

"I'm prepared to accept the criticism levelled at us for the relatively high

rate of inflation. But what are our choices? My problem in this job is to

reconcile the difference between the demands for equalisation now or in the

near future—and the ability of the economy in terms of growth to pay for

it."

Mr du Plessis said he denied that the mini-budget was a "blank cheque" for

government spending. Opposition members should not be too sure that the

government was not getting departmental expenditure under firm control.

Earlier, Mr Derrick Watterson (NRP [New Republic Party] Umbilo) said he

wondered whether inflation was "deliberately being maintained" by the government for its own purposes. One advantage of such a move to the government was

that inflation eased the balance of payments situation by making imports expensive and exports more attractive to overseas buyers.

Mr Watterson said he believed there was no hope of inflation decreasing under

the present "bloated bureaucracy" and with excessive government spending on

apartheid. An undisclosed increase in bureaucracy was in the pipeline in the

form of new regional services councils taxes and legislation to empower ministers to delegate duties to people from outside parliament.

"It is quite obvious the minister (of finance) is not in control of the more

profligate spending of his cabinet colleagues. I don't believe it is possible

to have any decrease in the inflation which is crucifying this country."

99
Mr Watterson also referred to criticism of the expense of providing services in

the Kwanatal Indaba plan. He admitted this would be expensive but said there

would be enormous savings as a result of rationalisation of the government's

"crazy system." The scheme would also possibly attract commerce and industry

and lead to massive growth in Natal, particularly in the Tugela Basin.

/12232

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY HAILS ECONOMIC STRENGTH, RESILIENCE

MB240531 Johannesburg Domestic Service In English Q500 GMT 24 Feb 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] Following the announcement that the green light has been given for the

massive Mossel Bay gas project comes news that two other fuel projects are

being studied as part of the long-term objective of making South Africa selfsufficient in her liquid fuel requirements. Firstly, there is another oil-fromcoal project and then there is the development of the so-called torbanite project which involves producing synthetic fuel from oil-bearing coal.

These two projects will—as in the case of the development of the gas field

off Mossel Bay—involve immense capital expenditure. The fact that South Africa

is able to allocate large amounts of capital—more than 5 billion rands in the

case of the Mossel Bay project—bears testimony to the enormous strength of

the national economy and to its resilience in the face of sanctions, disinvestment and other economic pressures exerted from abroad.

The strength and resilience of the economy is not confined to the public sector,

but is to be seen, as well, in the private sector. At the weekend, a newspaper

investigation showed that the private sector could provide a staggering 60,000

million rands to buy out major state enterprises—enough to take over ESCOM

[Electricity Supply Commission], Iscor [South African Iron and Steel Corporation], South African Transport Services, the post office and the Industrial

Development Corporation.

All this, in turn, is an indicator that the South African econmoy, far from becoming a shrinking economy under the influence of sanctions, is set for expansion. The development of the Mossel Bay gas field will create many thousands of new jobs in respect of the production of the gas and in service and

secondary industries. The production installation that will be erected on

land will be half the size of SASOL [South African Coal, Oil, and Gas Corporation] Two at Secunda. And an indication of the significance of this is that,

whereas a few years ago the site of Secunda was bare veld, the town is now one

of the largest towns in the Transvaal.

The factories of the eastern Cape and the shipyards of Natal will receive a

significant boost as they help manufacture the infrastructure necessary for

101
the gas project. It is estimated that 70 percent of the 5,500 million rands to

be allocated to the project will be spent internally. Local expertise will also

be used as much as possible. Technologies developed in the oil-from-coal program will be employed and new technologies will be developed.

The specific gas project for which the green light has been given will have a

lifespan of 29 years, and scientists are more than optimistic about the prospects

for new gas discoveries along the South African coastline.

In an overall context, the Mossel Bay project and other major projects now

being considered, are an expression of the confidence and faith in the future

of South Africa.

/12232

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SOUTH AFRICA

STANDARD BANK FIGURES REVEAL ACTIVITIES CONTRIBUTION TO GDP

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 11 Feb 87 p 9

[Article by Helena Patten]

[Text] SOUTH AFRICA has become more dependent on

its mining and quarrying

sector in the last decade,

and the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector

has contributed less to

GDP.

The changing structure

of the SA economy is evident in figures released

by the Standard Bank last

week.

The mining and quarry

industry increased its

share of GDP from 12,5%

in 1975 to 15,8% in 1985,

while agriculture, forestry and fishing was 8% of

GDP in 1975 but only 5,3%

in 1985.

Ronnie Bethlehem, group economist

at JCI, said it was important to differentiate between cyclical and secular variations in contributions to GDP.

He said that the agricultural sector's

decline in relative importance in the

last five years was not a secular variation. Rather, the extended drought had

contracted the sector and it would recover when climatic conditions improved. Bethlehem said that the collapse of the exchange rate and the

extent to which it had encouraged exports had been a major reason for SA's

increased reliance on gold and other

exports. This was very important in the

sanctions environment.

In the longer-term, as SA's economy

developed, the manufacturing sector

should increase in significance. He said

that the development of this particular

sector is threatened by sanctions, which

is worrying in view of the importance

the sector has in creating jobs.

The finance, insurance, real estate

and business services sector has come

to contribute substantially more to

GDP - 11,4% in 1975, compared with

15% in 1985. General government has a

larger share, contributing 10% of GDP

in 1975 and 13% in 1985.

Over the same period, manufacturing

lessened its importance from 23% to

22,3% of GDP. The construction sector

fell from 5,1% of GDP to 3,6%; wholesale and retail trade, catering and

accommodation fell to

11,4% of GDP from 113,5%; and other producers contributed 4,9% of

GDP in 1975 compared

with 1,2% in 1985.

/12828

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SOUTH AFRICA

EXPERTS NOTE DIFFICULTY OF BYPASSING SANCTIONS IN STEEL SECTOR

Johannesburg BUSINESS in English 10 Feb 87 p 2

[Article by Hamish Mclndoe]

[Text] THE surprise attendance of John

Erasmus, a leading sanctions buster

ander the Ian Smith administration

in Rhodesia, at a metal merchants'

conference at the weekend suggests

getting around foreign bans on SA

scrap steel exports may not be as

easy as the industry first thought.

An undisclosed tonnage of steel scrap

is still being landed in the EC countries

and Japan — despite bans on SA steel.

But exporters believe the EC is hardening its attitude towards SA scrap

slipping through the sanctions net.

Erasmus would only say "plans had to

be made" to offset the effect of more

•sanctions and tighter controls on existing routes. . He spoke to exporters on an individual

basis after the conference.

The industry was unmoved by last

year's steel embargoes; and there were

claims that scrap was a "faceless" commodity whose country of origin is hard

to detect.

Ironically, a proposed 25% duty on

ferrous scrap exports will, in many

cases, obviate the need for sanctions to

stop the industry trading with the EC

ana Japan.

SA's R400m a year scrap industry,

represented by the Metal Merchants' Association (MMA), held its first national

conference in Bophuthatswana amid

fears that the government duty on ferrous and non-ferrous scrap will price the

industry out of all foreign markets.

MMA chairman David Loewanthal

slated the move as a "thinly-veiled

mechanism for lowering the price of

ferrous scrap to steelmakers".

The Rolled Steel Producers' Association, which represents the country's 10

primary steelmakers, says there is a

local shortage of steel scrap.

However, lending support to the

MMA, British Scrap Federation president Pat Neenan said: "The British

scrap industry fought long and hard to

win its export freedom against powerful

calls on strategic grounds for duties.

"So it's imperative that the MMA becomes a force to be reckoned with."

Prospects of tighter pollution controls

and other external factors are forcing

this notoriously competitive and tightlyknit industry to make itself better

known to government and the public.

Said MMA convention committee

chairman Roger Hazell: "We've still got

a long way to go before we reach the

level of professionalism of our UK

friends. But it's a start in the right direction."

/12828

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CANADA'S MOORE CORP DIVESTS--The world's largest producer of business forms,

the Moore Corp of Canada, is disinvesting from SA. The buyer and purchase

price have not yet been disclosed because negotiations are still in progress.

A Moore spokesman in Toronto said yesterday the pull-out reflected "the unsettled political and economic conditions and an uncertain future in that

geographic area". Moore's SA interests include Paragon, which produces

business forms, Caribonum, which makes carbon and paperroll products, Tilon

Computer Media, which specialises in mail-order computer supplies, and a

dormant company, Transcarbon. The new owners will assume all Moore's

responsibilities for the employment, benefits and pensions of 550 staff

members. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Feb 87 p 1][Article

by Linda Ensor]/12828

BRITISH ROVER GROUP TO SELL SUBSIDIARY--Rover Group is set to sell its

South African subsidiary. The State-controlled group has disclosed it is

studying a management buyout plan for its loss-making commercial vehicle

and bus assembly business. The approach has come from a management team

led by finance director John Dean. MD Brian Fuller, on secondment from

the Rover parent, will be returning to Britain, although his departure

was scheduled before the buyout move. Rover was in the middle of a reappraisal

of the SA operation when the approach came. The company says the assessment

was being made on business rather than political grounds. The subsidiary,

based at Blackheath, near Cape Town, employs 635 people-including 140 blacks.

Last year it sold 789 commercial vehicles, buses and Land-Rovers in a

market where truck sales were around the 7000 mark. Rover has been shipping

out some kits for assembly at the plant. The buyout talks come as the

subsidiary embarks on another rationalisation phase involving further

redundancies among the workforce. Rover, then British Leyland, withdrew

from car production in SA in 1983. The company has already agreed to a

similar management buyout for its Australian business. [Text][Johannesburg

BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Feb 87 p 3]/12828

BANK OF TOKYO CLOSES JOHANNESBURG OFFICE--The Bank of Tokyo has closed its

office in Johannesburg, a bank official said yesterday. The bank closed

the office in December, but the representative who had manned the office is

still in SA clearing up the bank's affairs. The decision to close was taken

in the light of developments concerning SA. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY

in English 9 Feb 87 p U/12828

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SOUTH AFRICA

CARMAKER DENIES PLANS TO CUT LINKS WITH UK

MB201254 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1221 GMT 20 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 20 February, SAPA—South Africa's second largest motor

vehicle manufacturer, SAMCOR [South African Motor Corporation], which was

Ford SA until 1985, denied in Pretoria today that a decision had been taken to

cut its R140 million trade links with the United Kingdom.

It also denied that there was any question of cutting these links for political

reasons.

"We have been running down our supplies from the UK—mainly kits and spares

for the Sierra car range—purely for commercial reasons," a spokesman said.

A report that the UK trade links were to be terminated over a period first

appeared in London yesterday in the newsletter of an anti-apartheid movement.

Ford UK reacted quickly by telling a news conference that no decision to tail

off trade links with SA had been taken.

SAMCOR headquarters in Pretoria said this afternoon that the 48 percent stake in

the SA operation held by Ford was not affected as the holding was in the hands

of Ford in North America and not Ford UK.

The remaining 58 percent (controlling) interest in SAMCOR is held by SA's Anglo

American Corporation.

SAMCOR also points out that, apart from the Sierra, none of its cars or commercial vehicles are UK-originated.

The Laser and the Meteor new car ranges are both Japanese-originated, as is the

Courier pick-up series and other trucks up to the medium range which SAMCOR

sells.

Total sales of SAMCOR vehicles last year were 54,000—behind leader Toyotas'

78,000.

Of the SAMCOR total, new cars accounted for some 36,000, of which 11,273 were

Sierras.

The Laser and Meteor have recently been selling about 1,000 a month each—which,

annualised, would total some 24,000 or more than twice the Sierra sales.

/12232

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TAIWAN CREATES JOBS IN HOMELANDS—Industrialists from the Republic of China

have established 68 factories in the TVBC [Transkei, Venda Bophutnatswana,

Ciskey] countries in the past 7 years. The economic councillor in the Taiwanese Embassy Mr (C.C. Kuan) told media representatives at Bochabelo that the

total investment had amounted to about 100 million rands, and that the factories had created about 20,000 jobs. Most of the factories were geared for the

domestic market, while 10 factories produced goods for export. The news representatives were taken on a tour of the factories at Bochabelo, where 12 of the

factories have been established, creating more than 2,000 jobs. The tour was

organized by the South African Development Trust Corporation. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 12 Feb 87 MB] /12232

KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN TO DIVEST~The world's leading fried chicken and other

allied products retailer, U.S.-based Kentucky Fried Chicken Corporation, today

gave notice of its intention to wind up its trading operations in South Africa.

The corporation, in a statement issued in Louisville, United States of America,

says it will effect its withdrawal over a period of time so as not to harm the

economy of the industry, and also to protect the welfare interests of its

workers and franchise holders. The statement did not specify whether the

corporation will withdraw its technical research support for the poultry industry. Our economic desk reports that the corporation's investment in South

Africa is very small and two thirds of the investment belongs to the franchise.

Nonwhites constitute 55 percent of Kentucky Fried Chicken's labor force and

are responsible for 56 percent of the firms management team. [Text] [Johannesburg Television Service in English 0430 GMT 17 Feb 87 MB] /12232

TOURISM FROM EUROPE, JAPAN INCREASING—Pretoria, 17 February, SAPA—Tourism to

South Africa appears to be picking up, the tourism board in Pretoria reported.

Chief tourism promotor Mr Campbell Smith said today that in November last year

there was an overall 25 percent increase in tourists from Japan, Italy, West

Germany and France, compared with November 1985. "The tendency of decline is

bottoming out and even improving," he said. Tourism to South Africa dipped by

11 percent in 1985 compared with 1984, and by 30 percent in 1986 compared with

1985. The tourism board launched an extensive publicity campaign to combat the

fall-off. One tourism category which improved "dramatically" was hunters, he

said, especially from the United States and Germany. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1056 GMT 17 Feb 87 MB] /12232

107
EMIGRATION ACCELERATION—Johannesburg, 17 February, SAPA—The flight from

South Africa is accelerating, according to official figures from the latest

report of the Central Statistical Services office in Pretoria. The figures

show that in January-November last year the net result of immigration and

emigration was a loss of 6,156—compared with a net gain of 6,156 in the same

period the previous year. Travel agents questioned today said the "vast

majoirty" of emigrants were English-speaking families in which the main breadwinner held a senior executive or professional post. Added one: "The brain

drain is unfortunately gathering momentum." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 0901 GMT 17 Feb 87 MB] /12232

BARCLAYS' CONTACTS WITH ANC REPORTED—Barclays International is said to be

looking to protect its South African interests in the event of white minority

rule ending. The comments from diplomatic sources follow a meeting between

the British bank and the ANC in Lusaka. ANC spokesperson, Tom Sebina, says

Barcalys had asked for the meeting, adding that the banning organization was

not fully satisfied with the bank's divestment from South Africa, as Barclays

still has substantial holdings in the country. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio

in English 0500 GMT 17 Feb 87 MB] /12232

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE POPULATION REPORT—House of Assembly, 23 February, SAPA—

Altogether 2,116,000 whites and 5,918,000 blacks were economically active at

30 June last year, the minister of home affairs, Mr Stoffel Botha, said today.

Replying in writing to a question from Mr Alf Widman (PFP Hillbrow) he said that

of these, 627,720 whites and 744,676 blacks were employed in the public sector.

A total of 1,058,000 coloureds and 305,000 Indians were economically active at

30 June 1986, of which 179,184 coloureds and 36,456 Indians worked in the civil

service. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1449 GMT 23 Feb 87 MB] /12232

U.S. COMPANY DIVESTS INTERESTS—Another American company appears to have lost

confidence in the South African economy. The United States chemical engineering firm,, Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation, has divested itself of South

African interests by selling to local management. Foster wheeler's annual turnover is 50 million rands, and it has a staff of 300. All are expected to keep

their jobs. The company says it will continue to honor existing contracts.

The engineering firm is one of a growing list of foreign companies that have

decided to sever links with South Africa, mainly because of Pretoria's refusal

to abandon racist policies. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 0700 GMT

25 Feb 87 MB] /12232

BARCLAYS CHAIRMAN URGES REFORMS—The chairman of Barclays Bank, Mr Basil Hersov,

says the economy of South Africa would be very sound if some changes were made.

He was addressing the German Chamber of Commerce of Cape Town. Mr Hersov said

in an interview afterwards that one of the major problems was the enormous

spending by officialdom. He said it was up to the government and the private

sector to find a solution to the problems of South Africa. Mr Hersov, who is

also chairman of the Anglovaal group of companies, said that disinvestment had

not affected directly any of his companies. He said the danger of disinvestment

was that people overseas would no longer take an intelligent interest in what

was happening in South Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in

English 0500 GMT 25 Feb 87 MB] /12232

108
SANCTIONS-BUSTING ORGANIZATION LAUNCHED—A sanctions-busting organisation was

launched in Sandton last night by International Who's Who publisher and

MD Baron Arno Ofenheimer. He said his company had established an international infrastructure for a service organisation to held SA businessmen

enter international markets. "Called International Business Communications,

its headquarters will be in Vaduz, Lichtenstein, and it will have offices

in all the financial capitals of the world, including Johannesburg,"

Ofenheimer said. He said the organisation would help businessmen market

services worldwide and obtain access to companies and capital in all major

trading nations. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Feb 87 p 3]

/12828

SAFOCEAN DISBANDED—Political pressure has forced the disbandment of Safocean,

SA's only direct scheduled cargo link with Australia. Safmarine withdrew

yesterday from Safocean, a joint venture with Nedlloyd for the past 16 years.

Sanctions are believed to have delivered the death blow to the joint operation,

which had previously encountered problems with Australian dockers. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Feb 87 pp 1, 3]/12828

CSO: 3400/135 END

109