JPRS*SSA-86«068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA.
2

BRIEFS

TALKS ON CULTZENSHIP--Maabatho, 9 June SAPA--Talks on citizenship! between
South Africa and Bophuthatswana were held in Maabatho today, a statement
released by Bophuthatswana's foreign secretary, Mr E.J.N. Sene, said. Mr Sene
described the talks as “cordial and frank," and added chat both sides had
reached consensus and had made recommendations to be submitted to their
respective governments. South Africa's delegation, including members of the
Foreign Affairs and Constitutional Planning Ministries, was headed by Mr
P.Well. van Heerden of the Foreign Affairs Department. The Bophuthatswana
delegation was headed by Foreign Minister Mr P.M. Molatlhwa, and included the
economic minister, Mr 8.8. Keikelame, the interior minister, Chicf B.L.M.
Motsatis, and other government officials. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 1903 GMT 9 Jun 86 MB] /12913

HORTHERY WOMELANDS SUMMIT--Pretoria, 9 June, SAPA--Delegates from South
Africa, Venda, Lebowa and Gazankulu attended a “northern summit” at
Pietersburg recently to discuss regional development, a statement released in
Pretoria today by the Bureau for Information said. The objective of the
summit this year, which has be:n held annually since 1984, was to take “an-in-
depth look at regional development priorities, identify opportunities and
establish an outline for new guidelines to better utilise the development
potential of the region,” the statement said. The sumait was also aimed at
stimulating development programmes. Mr J.A. Botes, chairman of the Regional
Development Advisory Committee, said at the summit unnecessary competition
between the various areas should be reduced. Another challenge was to
“harmonise the development of Venda and the RSA areas, including the self-
governing states in the region." The Regional Liaison Committee and the
Regional Development Advisory Committee served as catalysts to formulate an
overall development strategy and to advise the different authorities
accordingly, Mr Botes said. ‘he bureau released the statement on behalf of
the Secretariat for Multilateral Cooperation in Southern Africa. [Text]
Johannesburg SAPA in English 1756 Glir 9 Jun'386 MB] /12913

HATANZIMA ON TERKORISH--fhe prime minister of Transkie and minister of police,
Chief George Matanzima, says that terrorism is the enemy of an organized and
orderly society and always seeks to instill fear and a sense of insecurity in
the minds of the people. . Delivering the policy speech of the department of
police at the Transkei National Assembly, Chief Matanzima said that before
terrorists move onto the offensive they first sought acceptability in the
communities by exploiting local grievances and discrediting the government of

- 56



This was all due to the lack of structural conditions, the establishment of
which is the responsibility of the public authorities.

Niassa does not even have direct access to the sea or a reliable air link with
the other provinces, since flights are frequently canceled for lack of fuel.

To reach the port of Nacala on the sea, one must travel by train. If the
operational norms were fulfilled, there would be eight train trips per month,
but this has not happened since 1984. The train made only eight trips in
1985.

Desperate Shortages

This year there have been two train trips, but a third train, which left
Nampula on 26 March, had still not reached Lichinga on 28 April.

As a result of this irregularity, the state farm enterprises in Matama (900-
hectare project), Unango (800 hectares) and the 400,000 hectare project have
produced less than 50 percent of the planned totals. The shortage of products
of first necessity such as rice, clothing, salt, soap, sugar, cooking oils and
fuels is disastrous.

“Life in Lichinga is intolerable, particularly since 1984," a professional
worker at the provincial hospital said.

The hospital has a gasoline quota of 200 liters until the next delivery, which
is supposed to arrive by train.

A source at the Agricom (Farm Products Marketing Office) says that various
products purchased from the people in 1985, with an estimated value of 31
million meticals (124 million escudos), are being held in the districts of
Cuamba, Marrupa, Maua, Mecanhelas, and Sanga, due to the shortage of fuel and
trucks, linked with the actions of the RENAMO.

"Due to the lack of fuel and spare parts and the actions of the resistance
fighters, large quantities of goods including rice, cotton, sunflower seeds,
castor beans and potatoes have been in storage since last year," this source
added.

A number of other products are being held at the port of Nacala-~-clothing,
soap, salt, sugar, radios, cooking oil and some items intended for farm
marketing.

The people are not interested in making sales for money, because since money
will not buy anything, they would rather exchange their goods for other
products they need.

March For Peace

The Christians in the city of Maputo are planning a march for peace to be held
on the 25th of this month, it was learned from an organizational source. The

22



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[{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
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processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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MEER:

ACROSS BORDER RAIDS IMPERIL NEGOTIATIONS

Durban POST NATAL in English 21-24 May 86 p 8

[Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text]

THERE was wide-
spread criticism of
the South African De-
fence Force raids this
week.

In a statement on be-
half of the Natal Indian
Congress, Dr Farouk
“Meer said this was the
clearest indication to
South Africans and the
world at large that the
South African Govern-
ment was not interested
in peace.

“While asking others
like the ANC to renounce
violence, it reserves the
right to bully and crush
its opponents internally
and to make armed raids
on its neighbours,” said
Dr Meer.

“We strongly condemn
this callous and insane
action by the Govern-
ment. It imperils any ne-
gotiation towards a
peaceful resolution of our
problems and one won-
ders whether this latest
attack was deliberately
designed to scuttle the
work of the Common-
wealth Eminent Persons’
Group.

“We call on the world
not simply to condemn
this latest outrage but to
take appropriate and
meaningful measures to
bring an end to national-
ist rule and apartheid.”

The United Democratic
Front's Natal publicity
secretary Lechesa Tseno-
li said the South African
Government's “ongoing
destabilisation policy”
must be condemned in
the strongest terms.

“But most importantly,
the SADF activities, both
within and outside the
country, show it to be the
monster we have always
maintained is responsible
for the detraction of all
chances of peace in the”
sub-continent.

“The South African
Government is undermin-

ing every single rule of|

international relations
and, at the same time,
wants the world to be-
lieve it is a peace broker
in this sub-region.

“Those members of the
international community
who have sympathies
with the South African
Government would do
well to reconsider for the
interest of peace in this
sub-region.”

UDF national publicity
secretary Murphy
Morobe described the
raids into Botswana and
Zimbabwe as “the ulti-
mate in state gang-
sterism and blackmail”.

“For the oppressed ma-
jority, Pretoria’s aggres-
sion against its neigh-
bours is indicative of the
crisis and desperation in
ruling class circles.

“Apartheid and peace
are incompatible. Pre-
toria must know the
struggle is being waged
inside South Africa. To
subject our neighbours to
such brutalisation and
blatant disregard of their
territorial integrity is the
ultimate in State gang-
sterism and blackmail.

“These latest attacks
are a direct rebuff to the
Commonwealth Eminent
Persons’ Group.

“We call on the inter-
national community to
intensify the cultural, po-
litical, and economic iso-
lation of the present re-
gime. Complacency and
so-called neutrality can
only assist in worsening
the situation in South
Africa,” said Mr,Morobe.

Azanian People’s Or-
ganisation (Azapo) public-
ity secretary Muntu ka
Myeza said the attacks
were “a bizarre carica-
ture” of the American at-
tack on Libya.

The SADF “invasion”
of Zimbabwe, Botswana,
and Zambia stood con-
demned because the evi-
dence upon which the at-
tacks were mounted was
never tested.

“The attacks would
still remain condemned
in any event because the
aggression is in defence
of a system that is con-
demned by the entire
peace-loving world,” he
said.

65

JPRS«SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

“The tragedy of the
raid is that South Africa
is at war with all her
neighbours and is attack-
ing her own citizens liv-
ing in those countries.”

KwaZulu Chief Minis-
ter and Inkatha leader
Chief Mangosuthu Buthe-
lezi said while attacks on
neighbouring states
should be condemned it
was also true the South
African Government had
warned that its Defence
Force would retaliate if
attacks on South Africa
were launched from any
one of the neighbouring
states.

He said in a statement
from Ulundi it was tragic
that the whole of South-
ern Africa was going to
be “boiled in a conflagra-
tion of violence” merely
because South Africans
could not find a peaceful
solution to their
problems.

He said Southern Afri-
ca was one economic unit
and it would be tragic if
this part of thé continent
should become “a theatre
of war”.

The Congress of South
African Trade Unions
(Cosatu) condemned the
SADF raids as a clear in-
dication that “the apart-
hei@ regime uses this
cloak to mask its real in-
tentions of destabilising
our sub-continent and
killing innocent people
forced to flee in the first
place from the injustices
of apartheid”.



JPRS*SSA+86~068
1 July 1986

is : r * SOUTH AFRICA

SACC LEADERS EXPRESS CONCERN ON SECURITY BILLS, CROSSROADS ae)

MB111655° Johannesburg SAPA_ in English 1648 our 11 gun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, June 11, SAPA~-Church leaders of. the: member *éhurches’ of
the South African Council of Churches: [SACC] ‘have expréssed ‘concern over the
present state of tension and conflict in the country and have appealed to
churches in other countries to ask their governments to intervene to Prevent
the escalation of violence in South Africa.

The SACC churches met in Johannesburg yesterday and today ‘to discuss "some
aspects of the present state of the nation."

Among issues discussed at the meeting were the Public Safety Amendment Bill
and the Internal Security Amendment Bill--the two controversial bills now
before parliament; the ban on commemoration meetings on June 16; and the
worsening violence at the Crossroads squatter camp and other areas.

In a statement issued after the meeting, the churches said the new bills
would give the minister of law and order further unrestricted powers, some
of which he can delegate to his subordinates.

"These bills will finally put the authorities beyond the law and legalise
their own lawlessness."

If the bills became law they would give the authorities "carte-blanche to
act with indemnity. Such totalitarian powers, if exercised, will only serve
to fan the flames of the Present conflict," the statement said.

The churches urged that the bills be withdrawn, saying the only way to
resolve the present conflict in the country was through negotiation with
recognised leaders of the black people.

Turning to the ban on commemoration services on June 16, the churches said -
the government was making a blunder in refusing to recognise the right of
people to observe the day.

"We therefore urge the authorities, and particularly those who control the
security forces, to respéct the right of people to meet on June 16, to
refrain from confrontation and not provoke the anger and patience of people
with their weapons and military machines.

76



an end to the activities of the representatives of the RENAMO in Lisbon.
According to them, they had even obtained verbal assurance from the Portuguese
prime minister himself, and they further stressed that this government
statement was clearly in conflict with the opinion sought from the Office of
the Prosecutor General of the Tepublic by the then minister of foreign
affairs, Jaime Gama.

5157
CS0:3442/228

12



A spokesman’ from the Repression Monitoring Group said one person had come into
the relief centre bleeding profusely from facial cuts and four others
sustained  sjambok weals. Ne said those arrested were Mr David Borchers, 24,
and Hr Anton Roux, 28 and. a 16-year old.

‘two eyewitnesses, including a student, Mr John Berens, said as people began
walking away from the gathering after the police order to disperse, they were
charged at. and sjambokked.

After the first two people were arrested the demonstrators regrouped and began
singing freedom songs calling for the rclease of Nelson Nandcla and chanting
"Botha is'a terrorist." Groups of policemen again charged at people flecing
in all directions. After the second charge a young black woman’ was arrested.

The delegation had been mandated to deliver a statement to Mr Botha demanding
the withdrawal of the bills, the repeal of all - repressive security legislation
and the restoration of the rule of law.

Mrs Burton; Prof Donald Carr, deputy vice chancellor of the University of Capé
Yown [UCT]; the Rev Colin Jones of the University of the Western Cape; Dr
Peter Folb, head of the Medical School at UCT; and Mr Terry Dowdall of the
Organization for Appropriate Social Services in South Africa werc delegated to
deliver the statement.

thirty organizations including the United Democratic Front, the Women's
Movement for Peace, the National Unic on of South African Students and Jews for
Justice endorsed the statement. .

Mrs Burton said that they gave the statement to a senior police officer in
parliament who had undertaken to hand it to Mr Botha and arrange an
appointment.

A police liaison officer for the Western Cape, Lt Attie Laubscher, said today
that “police had given a reasonable time’ of three minutes for the group to
disperse, as there were adequate escape routes in the areca. He said no
injurics were reported to the policé and confirmed that two men and a sixteen
year old. woman were arrested in the demonstration. All three appeared in
court this afternoon on charges of attending an illegal gathering.

3400/1957

71

\ \ \ . ae _—
\ ses Pe SOV A
\ AN “ \; 7 A Pe Mon :



table 1. Identified Potential Mini Hydro Sites, MW, (a, 6)

: ‘Water Basin | 00.010 0.011-1.0 1.01-2.0 Tot No Tot Capacity
Mediterranean Sea 4 7 1 12 1.490
Indian Ocean (c) 6 18 7 EDS 13.364
Atlantic Ocean 1 2 4 7 7.310
Lake Rukwa 2 n 1 18 9.751
Lake Manyara 3 3 1 7 3.270
Other (d, €) - - - - -

(Total 16 42 17 5 35.185

(a) Excludes existing minl hydro electric plants.
(b) A fair portion of p

sltes of capacity less than 100 kW cannot easily be Identified from the topographical maps.

{G) The survey small hydro potential sites of certain river basins has not yet been done,

(4) Lake Eyasl, Natron and Bahi depression.

{@) There are no significant perennial hydropower resources here.

social in nature, and are always difficult to
express in quantifiable terms.

The Ministry of Energy and Minerals,
through the recently created Department
of Energy and Petroleum, is responsible
for all major institutional, registration,
rights and economic policy matters related
to energy. Under this Ministry, the Tanza-
nia Electric Supply Company (TANES-
CO) operates as a state-owned utility, res-
ponsible for electric generation, transmis-
sion, distribution and sale of electricity in
all major centers of mainland Tanzania.
Within TANESCO, the Directorate of
Planning and Design is responsible for
identification, planning, design and super-
vision of all power identification, plan-
ning, design and supervision of all power
projects, including the rural electrification
programme. Moreover, TANESCO is ex-
pected to operate as a commercial enter-
prise and generate an acceptable rate of re-
turn.

In isolated rural areas and where TA-
NESCO does not operate, private diesel
and mini hydro electric plants are run by
missions, etc., under licence from the Mi-
nistry of Energy and Minerals.

The total hydro power potential in the
country is estimated at about 4,000 MW
and 20,000 GWh per annum. Approxima-
tely 35 MW consists of sites of up to
2MW potential, ie. mini hydro status
{1,2,3]. (Table 1.) It is estimated that out
of 75 identified sites, 13 have been investi-
gated at pre-feasibility level, 7 at feasibi-

lity status and 2 are under construction.
(Table 2) The distribution of these mini
hydro plants in terms of head, discharge
and geographical location in the country is
documented in Tables 3 and 4. About 20
mini hydro plants with total installed ca-
pacity of roughly 4 MW* are currently in
operation [4,5]. The distribution of ow-
nership in terms of number of plants (ins-
talled capacity) is roughly 70% private,
and 30% public, respectively. (Table 5)
These figures reveal that only a small por-
tion of our mini hydro resources have
been developed. The main constraints
which hamper future development of mini
hydro electric potential in Tanzania are
discussed below.

PLANNING STRATEGIES

, A young nation like Tanzania may face
immense technical and economic difficul-
ties when trying to develop her mini hydro
power resources. Various constraints are
rooted in the socio-economic conditions
of the rural population and in the
country’s technological base. Generally
the basic problem facing rural people is
energy in various forms, rather than
merely electricity. Thus an end-use ap-
proach to rural energy planning is often
congenial. The state of the art is
engineering-economic decisions based on
maximization of net social benefits from
rural schemes which match appropriate

29



JPRS~S54ng6

“0.
July 1996 988

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION IN MARCH-~Pretoria, 11 Jun, SAPA--South Africa lost

682 citizens during March this year due to migration, compared with gaining
1,152 citizens in March last year. The Central Statistical Service reported

in Pretoria today that 634 people immigrated and 1,316 people left the country
during March. Foreign visitors to South Africa also slumped to 54,906 from
66,732 in March last year. More South African residents left on foreign visits:
39,025 compared. with 36,450 in March last year. /Text/ /Johannesburg SAPA in
English 1700 GMT 11 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

CALL FOR 16 JUNE PAID HOLIDAY--Johannesburg, 11 Jun, SAPA--Seventeen women's
organizations have made a strong call for domestic workers to have a paid day
off on 16 June, the 10th anniversary of the Soweto student disturbances, to
enable them to be with their children. The organizations have made a special
plea to women employers "who like their employees are mainly mothers, to under-
stand and support their domestic workers desire to protect, to guide and to

be with their children" on 16 June. The organizations also “appeal to the
employers to domestic workers whose homes are in the rural areas to make it
possible for them too to be with their families" on the day. Groups making

the plea are: The Anglican Mothers Union, The Black Sash, The Catholic Asso-
ciation or Women in South Africa, The Catholic Women's League, The Christian
Women's Movement, The Domestic Workers and Employers Project, The Grail, The
Methodist Women's Auxiliary National Council of Women, The South African Council
of Churches Women's Deck, The South African Domestic Workers Association, The
Union of Jewish Women, The Women's Legal Status Committee, Women for Peace,
Women of St Anne, and the YWCA of South Africa. /Text/ /Johannesburg SAPA in

English 1456 GMT 11 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

RACIALLY BASED ADMISSION OPPOSED--Duban, 9 Jun, SAPA-~The Committee of Technikon
Principals has agreed in principle that admission to technikons /will be/ based
solely on academic and not racial grounds, the Chairman Dr T. Shippey said in

a press release today. At a meeting held in Durban last week it was also decided
that admission rest in the hands of the technikon councils. "In essence,
technikon education is vocationally directed which therefore implies the closest
cooperation with commerce and industry," Dr Shippey said. This form of education
is made difficult by dualism. According to legislation flowing from the
Wiehahn report, the place of work had been opened without any race restriction.
In contrast the theoretically training at technikons is offered on a basis of
racial separation, he said. "This dual approach creates immense practical

100



JPRS*SSA~86«0
1 July 1986

UGANDA

BESIGYE LAUNCHES CRIME PREVENTION WEEK
EA092311 Kampala Domestic Service in English 1700 GMT 9 Jun 86

/excerpt/ The minister of state for internal affairs, Dr Kiiza Besigye, has
reiterated that criminals still at large will have to be arrested and prose-
cuted to rid the society of wrong elements. The minister was opening a 1-day
seminar at the beginning of the prevention of crime week at prisons senior
officers mess in Kampala. She urged the members of the general public and
institutions to launch a vigorous crime prevention campaign to rehabilitate
the minds and morals of the society. She said although the government is aware
that the task is difficult in view of the current difficult economic situation,
it is working up long-term means to improve and alleviate the standard of
living of every Ugandan.

Speaking about the plight of civil servants, the minister disclosed that a
study group is soon to be set up to recommend to the government measures that
should be taken to ease the life of civil servants. The group, she said, is
expected to work out short, medium and long-term arrangements which will enable
civil servants to maintain themselves quite comfortably. She said increasing
salaries now is not the solution, as in the absence of commodities such a
measure would just encourage inflation,

The special district administrator, Kampala, Mr Kazoora, attributed the commis—
sion of crime in Uganda to backwardness and urged the Discharged Prisoners
Society to educate the public on prevention of crime.

The chairman of the society, Mr Bwanika, told the participants that Ugandans
have lived in a criminologistic society because of bad leadership in the past,
adding that the society is re-educating the people of crime in the hope that
the NRM Government, which has vowed to get rid of all criminal activities in
the country, will be all too happy to involve the organization in eradicating
crime.

/12228
CSO: 3400/1946

36



JPRS*SSA+86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NAUDE SAYS WHITES MUST TAKE 'MORE RADICAL STANCE’
MB111833 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1825 GMT 11 Jun 86

[Text] Harare, June 11, SAPA--If apartheid's political prisoners, including
Nelson Mandela, were not released, South Africa would become ungovernable,
the South African Council of Churches General-Secretary, the Rev Beyers
Naude, said in an interview published in Harare.

ZIANA reports that the interview, published in the ZANU (PF) party's
ZIMBABWE NEWS magazine, quoted Dr Naude as saying that when the moment
arrived in South Africa, the economic situation would force the government
into taking drastic action, or resign.

"With increasing conflict, violence and the actions of students, workers
eivil associations, a situation must arise where it is going to become
increasingly difficult to govern South Africa," he said.

"I have no doubt in my mind that if the security of the white community in
South Africa was to be jeopardised and threatened by militant black action,
government would deploy its massive military power against blacks...

"and I regret to say that the police and the army will dare not hesitate, if
necessary, to shoot and kill, even if there might be thousands of people,"
Dr Naude said.

Black South Africans, Dr Naude said, wanted full political power-sharing on
every level, a unitary state with one-man one-vote, adult franchise for
every person in the country, an equitable sharing of the economic wealth and
resources of the country and a removal of the inferior and discriminatory
system of education.

"Today, with what has happened with the increasing violence inflicted on
them, the anger and impatience of the people has grown to such a degree that
I don't think they will be prepared to settle for less than what I have
stated," he said.

Dr Naude urged all white South Africans, including liberals--whose approach
was "no longer valid, meaningful or contributing to solutions for the coun~
try"--to take up the "more radical stance, which I believe is necessary in
the situation of violence, conflict and revolution."

61



Table 3. Distribution of Mini Hydro Sites in Terms of Head (m)
‘Water Basin 0 21-50 ‘51-100 101-500 ‘500
Mediterranean 5 4 2 1 -
Indian 7 9 1 3 -
Atlantic 2 4 _- 1 -
Rukwa 3 3 h 10 1
Manyara 1 2 2 4 -
Total 28 2 6 19 2

tributed to this type of tariff include
equity, fairness, simplicity in metering and
billing, and income distribution.

Other authors suggest that rural electric
customers should face a higher tariff
which reflects the true marginal costs of
electric supply, willingness to pay, equity
and other considerations. Experience indi-
cates that increases in tariff may have un-
favorable political implications. Hence,
pricing (and/or subsidization) appears as
one of the most sensitive issues in MHD.

Fourth, financing of MHD is curtailed
by a number of facts, including the reali-
ties of the day! Reviewing the distribution
of existing mini hydro in the country and
the economics of production, the trend is
that mini hydro plants of less than 100 kW
might continue to be developed by private
organizations, with a fair portion of finan-
cing coming as grants from abroad, e. g.
from Christian missions, charity organiza-
tions and the like. As for mini hydro
plants suitable for electrification of district
townships, bilateral/technical and econo-
mic aid continues to be encouraged so as
to augment the limited public institution’s
resources.

On one hand local financial institutions
in the country can offer only limited funds
for MHD. Normally, the issue is how to
finance MHD investements which someti-
mes appear “‘risky’’. On the other hand
current efforts for economic adjustments
seem to call for the rehabilitation of exit-
ing economic infrastructure, rather than
indulging investment expansion program-
mes.

Moreover in real terms, economic aid
to the Third World has dwindled. Al-

32

though Tanzania is one of the major reci-
pients of economic aid in Africa, her
share has been reduced quite significantly
for a number of reasons, including diffi-
culties in striking agreement with the IMF
‘on economic reforms before further finan-
cial loans credits are made available. Thus
it is becoming increasingly difficult to pre-
dict, obtain and utilize economic aid. How-

ever, though economic ‘aid to Tanzania
as a whole has dwindled, the power sector
is still highly favoured. *

Sometime foreign aid is extended to
Tanzania in the form of an “MHD” pack-
age, with prescriptions suggesting the fol-
lowing implementation stages: pre-feasi-
bility studies, feasibility studies, detailed
designs, construction and plant installa-
tion. For a mini hydro, such staged deve-
lopment can only help to make economic
aid insignificant. Some ways must be.
sought to reduce the duration and cost.
for various studies undertaken by oversea.
and local experts. Combined pre-feasibi-
lity-feasibility studies and standardized
design techniques are some of the measures
which might be investigated.

In the recent past, Tanzania faced a se-
ties of economic setbacks, including mas-
sive investments in communications and
infrastructure following the break-up of
the East African Community in 1977, war
with a neighbouring country in 1978, per-
sistent drought from 1982 to 1984, and. a
fall in world prices for its main export
crops. Consequently the country has faced
severe balance of payments problems.
These difficulties have been compounded
by a shortage of technically sound cadres
to manage the economy.

Currently, energy economists are moni-
toring the present oil glut and subsequent
reduced oil prices with great interest.
There are indications that global oil prices
will remain stable in the medium term. Al-


/12828
CSO:

3400/1936

Inkatha réfused to take
part in the Soweto's local
elections, for example.

Chief Buthelezi will ob-
viously be faced with an
awkward choice. Would
he take a calculated
gamble on the basis that
his presence in the Cabi-
net would open the way
for other Africans?

Would it be argued
that once he had succeed-
ed in allaying white
fears, the Government
would move more quick-
ly towards greater
power sharing at second
and third levels of
Government?

On the other hand, the
far-right whites, who
have accused the Nats of
selling out, might resort
to violence. And the ANC,
PAC, and other groups
such as the UDF and the
National Forum would
not sit back in changed
circumstances.

Would the impatient
youth, whom some ana-
lysts regard as being
even more to the left
than the ANC, resort to
greater violence?

My guess is that, if in-
vited, Chief Buthelezi
would not accept the in-
vitation to serve in the
Cabinet until he had suc-
ceeded in extracting all
sorts of conditions from
the Government. ;

One of these might be
that the Government is-
sued a clear, unambi-
guous statement of intent
regarding steps it was
prepared to take in the
jong and short terms.

Even if Chief Buthelezi

“were not picked, or if he

declined the invitation,
just a move to open the
Cabinet to an African
would open a political
pandora’s box,

64



JPRS«SSA*86068
1 July 1986

problems and causes serious tension between commerce and industry on the one
hand and the educational institutions on the other hand," Dr Shippey said.

The committee unanimously decided that_the_viewpoints be submitted to the
minister of_national education, /Text/ /Johannesburg SAPA in English 1100 GMT
9 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

NEWCASTLE RESIDENTS REJECT REZONING--Newcastle, 8 Jun, SAPA--The white residents
of Newcastle in Natal_"totally rejected" an application by state-owned ISCOR
{Tron and Steel Corp./ to rezone a white residential area of the town for
Indian occupation, Mr Flip Schutte, the Conservative Party's spokesman for the
area, said today. He said the proposed rezoning of Ncandu Park put an "Indian
residential unit completely within the white group area of Newcastle and its
totally irrational as the traditional Indian area is situated on the opposite
side of the town." He said it was obvious ISCOR intended to further replace
white employees with Indians. "It is a wellknown fact that the residents of
Newcastle are conservative and is a further example of this government's weak-
knéed attitude to the laws of the country. "White antagonism is symptomatic

of a spirit of resistance to the National Party which is growing through the
country," Mr Schutte said. "White residents totally reject_ISCOR's_devious
attempt to further erode the Group Areas Act," he added. /Text/ /Johannesburg
SAPA in English 1749 GMT 8 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

REPORT ON UNREST--Cape Town, 6 Jun, SAPA--Unrest should be viewed against the
backdrop of frustration at exclusion from the governing process, the mayor of
Cape Town, Mr Leon Markovitz, and the chairman of the Executive Committee, Mr
John Muir, said in a report today. "Implementation of the system of apartheid
over many years has bred deep resentment in persons of colour and was undoubtedly
the greatest single factor leading up to the outbreak of unrest in the Cape,"
they said. Their report arose out of the City Council's "call to dialogue"
initiative of September last year in which views of civic and other community
groups were canvassed. Township residents said "people of colour" had been
forced by apartheid into "overcrowded and allegedly badly serviced" townships.
"To the average township occupant it appears that while there is a constant
escalation in rates and rentals this is accompanied by very little improvement
in the general standard of living," residents said, according to the report.
Government handling of the proposed march to Pollsmoor Prison in August’ last
year "appeared to have actually triggered off the escalation of violence in the
Cape Peninsula," in the view of many respondents. Declaration of a state of
emergency had dampened unrest, but a "resurgence" began this year, mainly in
townships. Council property had suffered damage of R278,375,15, mostly in
smashed traffic lights and damaged electrical installations and equipment.
/vext/ /Johannesubrg SAPA in English 2100 GMT 6 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

101



Steelpoort Valley and promised to build a border fence 170 km long, following
the model of an electrified fence along the Botswana border between Messina and
Stockpoort. Members of the Steelpoort Action Committee flew to Alldays to in-
spect the Botswana fence.

A number of farmers have told DIE AFRIKANER that they were particularly criti-
cal of the government's whole approach to the security situation. It does not
help to put on a big show in an attempt to prevent neighboring countries such
as Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and Botswana from giving any support to the
ANC and then allow the ANC to make itself at home in a homeland, they say. The
chief minister of Lebowa, Dr Cedric Phatudi, is better known for the Oxford
English he prefers to speak than for his competence as leader, and Whites re-
gard him as pro-ANC. The white farmers say that if a black leader becomes pro-
ANC, this is simply a sign that the South African government is not treating
him with the necessary firmness, the farmers say.

Dr Phatudi and his colleague from KaNgwane, Mr Enos Mabusa, would never have
landed in the ANC camp if South Africa had worn a harder glove, say the farm-
ers. According to them, it is especially the black mine workers at the Mont~-
rose chromium mine who are the source of the problem, and the blame is placed
on the labor policy of the government, which has officially recognized the revo-
lutionary black mine workers' union, the National Union of Mine Workers.

When asked, the South African Police refused to make any comment about the sit-
uation. High officials were not prepared to deny the information received from
local farmers by DIE AFRIKANER, either.

8117
csO: 3401/151

42



These were an illustration of the "desperate situation the government finds
itself in," the statement said.

"Unfortunately many of our countrymen will have to suffer because of this
intransigence by the government. Whatever happens the government must know
that it will be held to blame. No amount of sugar coating will exonerate it
from the misery that will follow the state of emergency."

/6091
cso: 3400/1980

84



JPRS~ssa~g6
+068
1 July 1986

LIBERIA

DOE APPOINTS SIX NEW FINANCE OFFICERS

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 22 May 86 pp l, 4

[Text] The President, Dr. Samuel Kanyon Doe yesterday made six appointments
in government with the consent of the senate.

They are Mr. John Wood, deputy minister for expenditures and debt management;
Mr. Johnny Gaye, deputy minister for revenue; Mr. James Wureh, controller;
Mrs. Christian Harmon; special assistant/assistant minister, Mr. Sayon Brown,
disbursing officer, all at the Ministry of Finance, and Mr. Urias Nelson,
director, National Food Assistant Agency.

In separate letters of appointment, Dr. Doe charged the officials to demonstrate
a high sense of commitment to duty and work assiduously in achieving the develop-
ment objectives of government and in seeking the welfare of the Liberian

people.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1938



BLACKS

Legislation Introduced on Provincial Executive Committees
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 6 Jun 86) ..

NP, CP MP's Discuss Electoral Act Amendment Bill
(SAPA, 6 Jun 86) ..

Details of Correspondence With EPG Released
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 10 Jun 86) ..seceeeeeeereee

Briefs
Van Der Merwe on Influx Control
Mining Companies Urged To Help Blacks
Separate Status for Eastern Cape Urged

Inkatha Calls on Whites To Reject AWB
(SAPA, 9 Jun 86) cccccccccccccccccncnecererscceeseessresees

ANC's Tambo Issues Rallying Call to Nation
(Addis Ababa in English to Neighboring Countries, 5 Jun 86)

UDF Secretary Addresses ‘Unban ANC' Campaign Meeting
(SAPA, 10 Jun 86) 2. csecesseoeees

Briefs
Talks on Citizenship
Northern Homelands Summit
Matanzima on Terrorism
Gazankulu Chief on School Boycotts
Manuel Discusses ‘People's Power'

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Tutu, Sparks, Kaunda Discuss Security, Sanctions
(Hugh Pricey-Jones; BBC World Service, 11 Jun 86) .......+.

Naude Says Whites Must Take 'More Radical Stance’
(SAPA, 11 Jun 86) .eccececrcncccccncccuecccenececesereseens

Possible NP Move To Include Black in Cabinet Questioned
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 21-24 May 86) ...sseseseseees

Meer: Across Border Raids Imperil Negotiations
(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 21-24 May 86) .esecceeeevecees

UWUSA President Issues Stern Warning on Worker Exploitation
(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 21-24 May 86) ..sseceeeeeeeves

MP's Discuss Abolition of Influx Control Laws
(SAPA, 9, 10 Jun 86) ..cccccececccncccrececvecrevccssceeses

PFP's Olivier Supports Repeal

-e-

45

46

47

48

48

49

50

54

56
56
56

57

58

61

63

65

67

68
68



JPRS*SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BILL INTRODUCED FOR NATAL-KWAZULU JOINT AUTHORITY
MB090857 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0836 GMT 9 Jun 86

[Text] Parliament, 9 Jun, SAPA--The government today took the first legislative
step to provide for a joint executive authority for KwaZulu and Natal by tabling
a bill in Parliament which makes this possible.

The joint Executive Authority for KwaZulu and Natal Bill, provides for "joint
and coordinated performance" of certain executive functions by the government
of KwaZulu and the provincial government of Natal.

It authorises the state president to establish by proclamation in the gazette
a joint executive authority consisting of representatives of the two govern-
ments, thus creating an instrument through which the proposed joint action can
be taken.

An accompanying memorandum says details of how the joint authority will be
constituted and will function will be set out in the proclamation.

Although elected provincial councils have been disbanded, provincial government
in the future will be directed by an appointed administrator and executive
committee,

It is from their ranks in Natal that the bill will authorise selection of mem-
bers for a new joint executive.

The bill also provides for joint utilization of personnel, a joint revenue
fund and assocaited accounting and auditing arrangements, appointment of a
chief executive officer and "other procedural and practical measures involving
equipment, ‘materials and facilities."

The memorandum says the chief executive officer shall also be the accounting
officer for the purposes of the joint revenue fund.

According to the bill, the main functions of the joint authority will be to:

--Exercise such powers and to perform such duties and other functions of the
administrator or a minister of KwaZulu as the state president may assign to it;

39



JPRS~SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE ‘YOWN PROTEST REPORTED

POLICE ACTION AGAINST

MBLLO515 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2149 GMT 10 Jun 86

[Yext] Cape Town, LO June, SAPA--People attending a mecting in central Cape’
Youn to protest against the security bills were baton~charged and’ sjambokked”
[whipped] by riot police today when they gathered near the gates of
pariianent. . . :

bozens of demonstrat ors were .sjambokked and: three ‘arrested when about ‘150
people awaited the return of a delegation led by the president of the Black
Sesh, Mrs Mary Burton.

‘The five-strong delegation had been tandated to hand a statement: on the bills
to the state president, Hr P.W. Botha, -by some 600 pcople who had attended an -
eardicr meeting at the St. George's Cathedral Mall.

White the delegation was in parliaacnt..secking 2 mooting with. Nr Botha,
protestors outside were charged by police. 1!

According to an eyewitness, a Progressive Federal Party [PET] MP, Mr Roger
Burrows, the students who were sjambokked-at no stage: appeared threatening’ and
they scemed to be dispersing, when they were beaten. Mr burrows also said that
« colleguc, Mr Tian van der Merwe, the PFP MP for Groen Point, found an
injurcd student after the incident and had taken her‘to°Somerset Hospital
where a head wound was stiched. pe “

hy Burrows seid at about 2:00 pm he was in Goverment Avenue and saw a police
truck filled with police. “Together with collcagues we watched as groups’ of
young, people from a mceting in St. George's Cathedral Nall moved: towards the
gates of porliement. As we moved towards them a group of about 15 police went
past us lo stand between the young people and the gates. As we arrived a
captain was reading a warning to disperse in three minutes. ‘the students
began to filter avay towards Bureaux Strect. When the three minutes were up,
at 2:10 yu, the police charged the group, then numbering about 70 to 60. 4
moved through to Adderley Street, at the Smuts Statuc, where the police had
chased a group of five to six girls--beating them as they went. This group
then dashed across Adderley Street snd the police did not follow. I saw two
students being taken into custody and placed in the police van. At no. stage
were the students threatening and when they were charged and beaten they

appeared to be in the process of dispersing," Hr }urrows said. ,

70



JPRS*SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EGLIN DESCRIBES COUNTRY AS 'POLICE STATE' AFTER EMERGENCY
MB131447 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1445 GMT 13 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, June 13, SAPA--South Africans were living in a
police state as a result of the regulations governing the nationwide state
of emergency declared yesterday, the leader of the official opposition,
Mr Colin Eglin, said today.

Opposing the second reading of the Internal Security Amendment Bill, he said
the emergency was "the most severe clampdown on civil liberties and the most
far-reaching denial of freedom of speech and assembly and the press in the
history of South Africa."

The bill, and its sister measure, the Public Safety Amendment Bill, contained
almost identical provisions to the emergency regulations.

The government had responded to its own failure by "grabbing more power" but
this would not gain the approval of the official opposition, Mr Eglin said.

He moved as an amendment that the Internal ‘Security Amendment Bill, which
provides for detention of up to 180 days, be read a second time “this day
six months."

If Mr le Grange wanted more power, he "can go and team up with his soul mates
in the CP [Conservative Party], the HNP [Reformed National Party], and. the
AWB [Afrikaner Resistance Movement]," Mr Eglin said.

The emergency regulations gave the police the right to "arrest, detain, enter,
search, seize, confiscate, order, restrict, prohibit, interrogate...under
indemnity and beyond the control of the courts."

Each of Mr Eglin's words was accompanied by cries of "hear, hear" from the NP
[National Party] benches.

He continued: "And one realises that under these regulations we South
Africans are living in a police state.

"Indeed, the fact that these awesome powers restricting individual freedom and
by-passing the courts were able to be given without reference to parliament,

79



Law)
co
Ww
fs
w
ee.

JPRS-SSA-86-068
1 JULY 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

_ DMO QUALIY wwaPRUTED 3 |

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY tf

NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE i Reproduced From a
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 .
_ Best Available Copy

| oe



JPRS*SSA=86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EMERGENCY, FOREIGN REACTION LEADS TO FALL IN VALUE OF RAND
MB121515 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1458 GMT 12 Jun 86

[Excerpt] Johannesburg, June 12, SAPA--Dealers and bank spokesmen who
predicted only this. morning that the rand would slide further were more
right than they know. Gripped in a state of confusion as a result of the
countrywide crackdown on anti-apartheiders, and the declaration of a state
of emergency, the currency plunged in a day of high drama to as low as
35.45 at one stage and had barely recovered a point hours later around
midday.

When yesterday the currency went to more than four rand to the British
pound it seemed to John Citizen that the worst must surely have been reached.

But it was not to be--not as the mass detentions and state of emergency sent
shock waves hammering through local and foreign exchanges,

The rand opened the day on 36.95 U.S. cents but dived to 35.55 as the mass
arrests gathered steam. It then recovered only marginally to 36.10 at noon.

The rand seems now to be fast nearing the historic low of 34.75 U.S. cents
in October last year and many informed commentators feel the current trend
will continue down to well below that level.

At noon the financial rand was a paltry 21.25 U.S. cents after dropping to
an all-time low of 19,88 during the morning's trading.

The Reserve Bank repeated this afternoon that the monetary authorities were
not planning any drastic new currency regulations "in the near future."

/6091
CsO: 3400/1981

105



Finland Retains Confidence in Nacala Port Project
(Heikki Alli; HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 21, 22 May 86) .....seeeee

Despite Delays, Disappointments
Agriculture Disrupted by Fighting

Economic Difficulties of Niassa Province Reported
(O DIA, 7 May 86) feieeecccceccccccecceeceeeeceeeeneneenees

"Unproductive Citizens’ To Be Sent to Rural Sector
(Augusto de Carvalho; EXPRESSO, 3 May 86) ......eceeeeeeees

Briefs
Government Reshuffle Analyzed

NIGERIA

Briefs :
Energy Trade Union Vice Presidency

TANZANIA

Mini Hydro Development Experience Discussed
(Maneno J. Katyega; SADCC ENERGY IV, 1986) .........

UGANDA

Besigye Launches Crime Prevention Week
(Kampala Domestic Service, 9 Jun 86) ..csceccccvecccacccece

Briefs
Soviet Doctors Praised
SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Action White Natal Rejects Natal-Kwazulu Common Administration
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Apr 86) .cscececececececccccucrccscecece

Bill Introduced for Natal-Kwazulu Joint Authority
(SAPA, 9 Jun 86) .eccececccccucecccccvcce

ANC Intimidation Campaign in Sekukuniland Affects Blacks, Whites
(DIE AFRIKANER, 14 May 86) .eccseccesccacceeccevccecccecces

Officials Comment on Abolition of Influx Control Bill
(SAPA, 9, 10 Jun 86) .eavcceccccvecnceeccccccececcecteceece

NP MP Supports Legislation
Deputy Minister Defends Bill

-b-

13

13

7

21

24

26

27

28

36

37

38

39

41

43

43
4h


JPRSSSA=86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER, REPORT ASSESS EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Du Plessis Views Structural: Unemployment

MB101214 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0833 GMT 10 Jun 86

a : . i

fText/ Port Elizabeth, 10 Jun, SAPA--A dramatic upturn in the economy and
sustained growth rate would not rapidly eliminate the problem of structural
unemployment, the minister of manpower, Mr Pietie du Plessis said today.

At the opening of additional facilities on the 10th anniversary of the Emthonjeni
trainig college in Port Elizabeth he said structural unemployment was a pheno-
menon found in developed and developing countries.

This resulted from, inter alia, prospective workers not having the skills
required for gainful employment, an oversupply of labour and a shortage of
entrepreneurs.

Mr du Plessis said it was particularly the severity of the economic downswing
in the Eastern Cape that made the government give R600 million to alleviate
the plight of the unemployed and a further 60 million for the training of the
unemployed.

Indications were that between 25 and 30 percent of those trained had found
employment, but it could be assumed that many failed to report back and others
made themselves employable in the informal sector.

Mr du Plessis said he wanted to ask the sceptics how they would quantify the
hope and joy of someone who had been unemployed and then given a job as a
result of newly gained skills.

Workers needed to be trained and retrained to advance to higher levels or else
there would be little room to accommodate new entrants on the labour market.

Report Sees "Gloomy Future!
MB101756 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1750 GMT 10 Jun 86
Text] Cape Town, 10 Jun, SAPA--South African workers face a gloomy future with
little prospect of a long-term improvement in the unemployment situation,

according to the National Manpower Commission's 1985 annual report released
this week, .

106



JPRS*SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

ENERGY TRADE UNION VICE PRESIDENCY--Nigeria has been elected one of the vice
presidents of Trades Union International of Workers in Energy. The election
took place at a conference in (Potzbanks) Czechoslovakia attended by delegates
from 27 countries. A communique issued at the end of the meeting said the
current economic recession in capitalist countries had serious repercussions
for developing nations. It accused transnational corporations of being
responsible for problems confronting workers. Delegates expressed support
for activities to mark a day of struggle against paying foreign debts
scheduled for 23 November this year. The Nigerian delegation to the confer-
ence was led by Mr (Tokai Shemang). [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in
English 0600 GMT.12 Jun 86 AB] /6091

cso: | 3400/1974

27



/Price-Jones/ But how much pressure is going with it? Is the business
community making any sort of threat, giving any sort of ultimatum to the
government?

{Owen/ They do have a great deal of influence, we are talking about the 100

top corporations, we are talking about those who are very best South African
businessmen in a dimate where the confidence is so low that nobody will invest
at all. I mean, the government is absolutely frantic to get (?growth) going

and can't do it, and so I don't think this government can ignore that there is

a great of at least /word indistinct/ pressure behind what the business community

does.

[Pricey-Jones/ Now, the Commonwealth, as you probably know, is discussing
economic measures against South Africa or what for a better word would be
sanctions. Are businessmen worried about sanctions? Would that be the last

straw?

‘[Owen/ While, I am not sure when one reaches the last straw, but obviously
everybody, not only businessmen, but everybody is.deeply disturbed by sanctions
and the more so because nobody sees how, in any realistic terms, this govern-
ment can move fast enough to avert them. /end recording/

/12228
CSO: 3400/1964

86



JPRS~S5A-86-068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S DALLING CITES 'EVIDENCE' OF POLICE BRUTALITY

MB111931 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1916 GMT 11 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, June 11, SAPA~-When South Africa eventually faced
"Nuremberg-type trials," members of the National Party [NP] should not plead
that they did not know about the "police excesses" which were taking place
in the country, Mr Dave Dalling (PFP [Progressive Federal Party] Sandton)
said today.

Speaking in the second reading debate on the Public Safety Amendment Bill,
he said he had been challenged by the minister of law and order, Mr Louis le
Grange, to produce evidence of police brutality.

"I have that evidence...and I wonder if the minister is proud of his boys."

He said he had 150 affidavits gathered in all parts of the country and which
gave accounts of excesses by the police. During his speech, he read from
several affidavits made by people in Johannesburg's Alexandra township who
had allegedly been assaulted and tortured by the police.

"I am prepared to let members of this house read these affidavits so that
those people who support this bill can be made aware of what is going on in
this country."

When Nuremberg trials were held in South Africa--"and they will be"--NP MP's
would not be able to say they did not know what was happening.

Mr Roelf Meyer (NP Johannesburg West) objected to the remark and asked the
Chairman, Mr Rex le Roux, whether Mr Dalling could imply that the National
Party has a Nazi government.

Mr Dalling then said he would change his remark and refer to "Nuremberg-type"
trials.

He said that if the government persisted with the bill it would show it had
given up its obligation to rule in terms of the rule of law.

If it "rammed" the bill through parliament against the wishes of the other

two houses it would expose the new tricameral system as a "fraud constitu-
tion."

81



JPRE«ggq.
1 suly 19

LIBERIA

INADEQUATE MARKETING FACILITIES HAMPERING FOOD PRODUCTION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 13 May 86 pp 3, 6

[Article by Joseph Teh]

[Text]

Agriculture Minister
Scott G. Toweh yester-
day told the Senate
Standing Committee on
Agriculture that the
absence of marketing
institutions to buy
local produce has made
it difficult to achie-
ve the food-sufficiency
goals of government.

He said it would re~
quire an estimated $5
million annually to
buy local food stuffs
produced by farmers,
and added that in the
absence of viable buy-
ing and marketing in-
stitutions, farmers
find it discouraging
to produce’ more food
to feed the nation.

The agriculture boss
however did not clari-
fy the rold of the Li-
peria Produce Market-
ing Corporation (LPMC)
which was mainly esta-
plished by government
to buy and market lo-
cal agricultural pro-
duce.

Quoting statistics,
Mr. Toweh said in 1984
about $428m,was spent
on food importation

alone, an amount which
is almost the size of
this fiscal year's bud-
get.

He argued that most
of the imported food
stuffs can be produced
here, singling out rice
cereal and pig feet,
which the nation spent
$11 million dollars
to import in 1984.

Mr. Toweh, accompani-
ed by two. of his prin-
cipal assistants, fur-
ther told the commit-
tee that government
cannot stop the im-
portation -of food be-
cause there is no ade-

quate facilities to
store produce while
awaiting marketing.

Summing up the admi-
nistration's agricul-
tural goals, Minister
Toweh said the launch-
ing of the Green Revo-
lution was timely and
appropriate. But he
spoke of the urgent
need to have more
money in order to be
able to buy the pro-
duce of local farmers.

He told the legis-
lative body, under the
chairmanship of Bong
County Senayor Manyu

Kamara, that a dratt
report on the modality
of the Gréen Revolu-
tion is being prepared
by a seven-man com-
mittee, after which
it will be submitted

to over fifty agricul-
tural development re-~

lated institutions dur-

ing a one week: work-
shop scheduled for
early next month.

The report, which
is the result of re-
search and a nation-
wide tour undertaken
by the minister to
seven counties and two
statutory districts,
considers and examines
"Operation Production”
initiated by the Tub?
man administration in
the sixties, the "Self-

sufficiency in. Food
Production" ot the
Tolbert era and the
“Communal Farming"

of the PRC government.

It analyzed the fai-.
lures of these poli-
cies, while seeking
actions that would pre-
vent possible re-oc~
currence of past mis-
takes.

_Mr. Toweh also dis-
closed, that in com-
pliance with President

86068

86


[Word indistince] enemy on all fronts to make apartheid unworkable and to make
theveountry ungovernable.

Those, coumtrymen, were some of the salient points mentioned in the call to
the nation made in April last year by our vanguard movement, the ANC. [Words
indistinct] the apartheid regime invaded the territories of neighboring
independent states of Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe extend from that call of
April last year and other calls made by our vanguard in between. Now over to
the president, Comrade Oliver ‘famho, presenting the call to the nation.

[Yambo] Dear comrades and compatriots: We are today addrissing you ‘inthe!
wake of one of the most brutal and wanton acts of agression by the Pretoria
regime against African independent and peace-loving ‘states in the region. °On
Monday, 19 May, the racist regime Launched a barbaric attack against’ Botswana,
Zimbabwe, and Zambia, killing and maiming people and destroying property. *)
this is. the regime's crystal. clear response to the négottations inittative ‘by
the Comnonwalth. he regime relies for its survival oa armed ‘agression within
and without South Africa..-Massacres and assassinations ‘are its miatis of ~
livelihood. + ~ . . oo rec Nase

Our people have had to accept 'this ‘reality and take, the only ‘coursé ‘open to’
them, the course of resolute struggle for peace in Southern Africa through “the
destruction of the apartheid system and tha ereation of a deqocratic people's
South Africas = ’ get é

Tt is against this background that the National sxecutive Committees of. che ‘ANC
makes this call to the nation whose cantral message is that we move: from”
ungovernability to peoples power. It is a call [words indistinct] -aveds of *
our country. Nore .and more of our people are being awakened to action ‘ti
organized contingents against apartheid's evil forces. “Inspired by’ the core
leadership of the ANC and its allie the people are continuing to show 7
unending revolutionary inventiveness and creativity. ‘In “April 1935, ve ‘ed

for the folowing:

--The strengthening and uniting of the trade union movement as a’ wenpon ‘iii
defense of worker's economic interest and in the struggle for fattonal
liberation; :

=the replacement of the coll: apsing government stooge ‘community coune Lis’ with”

peoples power;

~-The creation of mobile defense units ‘and to find a way to obtain atms as’
part. of the process of strengthening the people's arny, Unikhonto we “Stave;

"the withdrawal of more and more blacks from>the noreenarics of apartheid anil
for those _in uniform to come over to the side of the people; Aveo

~The ‘yhites, to move away from apé
struggle; ‘

rtheid and to support: the liberation |

We called for the strengthening of our underground preseacesand that.
intensification of the armed activities of Umkhonto wo Sizwa.

51



/Bishop/ Now, I think people would plead for that as far as your students
and lecturers are concerned. I am going to ask you a tough one. It is a
very short one. What on earth is going on at Wits over the last few weeks?

I think tonight's paper lists six or seven incidents, student pitted against
student, some lecturers taking one side, other lecturers taking another. What
is going on?

{Tober/ It must be clearly understood that a university community such as mine
has the whole spectrum of political opinions as is prevalent in all population
groups in the country today. It must also be clearly understood, Mr Bishop,
that under no circumstances is a university community immune to the trials and
tribulations which beset the nation today. The very opposite is true. It is
not surprising that young people particularly are deeply committed to their
points of view. So the tremors which shake our country now reverberate through
the institution. And I think if young people stop being concerned, who is
going to be concerned about the future, if they are not?

/Bishop/ Yes, I do not think rational people who know something about how a
free university should operate would argue with any of that. But I think
rational people could say: Has Wits--and I am afraid that means you, sir, and
perhaps your deputy vice chancellor, Professor Shear--lost control of its own
students? Now what would you say to that?

LTober/ I would say we have not lost control of our own students. I would
say that the measure of control depends on us being able to sort out in our
own environment our own problems by using our own internal disciplinary proce-~
dures. And if these take a long time, it is not that we are sitting back doing
nothing, but we are committed to the normal rule of law as it is enshrined in
the university's disciplinary procedures.

{/Bishop/ Yes. Now, of course, that is a frustrating thing for people outside
who do not understand universities. You have to wait, you have to weigh the
evidence, and so on. But is there really time? Now, let us point to what

seems to be the major problem in there. It seems as if you have got left- and
right-wing students or, if you prefer the term, liberal and conservative students,
pitted against each other, working out the affairs of this country inside the
university, even leading to assaults, attempted assaults, burning of flags, and
all the rest of it. Now, the public, I think, would say to you you have got to
stop that, Prof Tober. Now would you not agree with that, that it has got to

be stopped, and quickly?

[Tober/ There is no question about it. I would have thought that I am on
record—-and my actions, not only my words, speak loudly enough--I have condemned
violence ever since I have taken office. I do not condone it, for whatever
noble reason it might be committed. But I think we should appreciate that we
are living in a violent society.

‘[Bishop/ Yes, Now, the phrase militants keeps coming up. Who are these mili-
tants on the campus?

93



JPRS«s5q
“864
July 19g¢ 058

UH AFRICA

PEP HUBBERS CALL FOR CROSSROADS TRQUIRY

10 Jun &6

MB1I01230 Johannesburg SAPA in Mnglich 1045 CM’

{Toxt] Cape Town 10 June, SAPA--Opposition MP's today called for the devasted
KUO squatter camp, in which at least cight people dicd an? 14 were injured, to
be declared a disaster area ané for « judicial commission of inquiry into
police actions.

Four Progressive Federal Party [PPP] HP's Mrs Helen Suzman, Mr Tian van der
herwe, Hr Ken Andrew and Hr Krrol Moorcroft visited the areas They were
refused entry at two roadblocks but saw huge flames and palls of smoke that
stretched for hundreds of metros. ‘they visited Manenberg police station and
spoke to witnesses.

The tyvo ministers most closely concerned with the tense situation had no
comment today. They are the minister of law and order, Hr Lousi le Grange;
end ihe minister of constitutional development, Mr Chris Hcunis.

Hy Andrew said today that 1] the cvidence had pointed to a repeat performance
of the Crossrosds disaster three weeks ago.

Severel PFP public representatives hed reecived information at the weekend
about the gathering of witdock [white scarves] vigilantes. Yhey had heard of
fears that attacks on KIC and refugee centres were dwminent. ‘The police were
told. Mr van der Merwe confirmed this. We had reeeived the first. call on
Saturday.

Mr Andrew said the police, at least by not acting in good time, had
effectively helped the vigiJantcs to commit arson on a grand scale. Tens of
thousands more people were now Jikely to find thenscives homeless and
destitute.

ur Sueman ssid a judicial commission of inquiry was cssential in order to
restore the credibility of the police.

Mr Von der Merwe said those who had started the burning at Crossroads were
bedug, virtually rewarded by being aljowed to stay and to benefit from
duprovement of the arca.



‘Water Basin

0.1 0.11-0.5 0.51-1.0

Metiterranean
Indian
Atlantic
Rukwa
Manyara

valr!
Senun
nena

Total

22 12

.

Table 4. Distribution of Mini Hydro Sites in Terms of Regulated or Minimum Discharge (cumecsy

Table 5. Existing Mini Hydro Electric Plants

Generating Capacity
aw

Number

Total Public Private

Tot. Capacity
kw

Oo 10
10- 100
100- 500
500-2000

lose

27.0
284.5
1,267.0
2,380.0

Total

al eee

3,958.5

a
rat

'
in

fx M.Kitimanjaro
‘

in
yy
ha

LEGEND
(A victoria 1 Mediférranean Sea

Basin

2 Indian Oceaw

Basin

ba t+ Z.s |B Atlavtic Ocem

Basin

4 Loke Rutewra

Basin

5 Other Iviternal

Deainages
Lrteenational
Bound anes
Catchment
Boundaries

Befro-h

oundavie
OYE Valley”

ready a few young nations have managed
to climb out of the depression. It is too
early to document the immediate effects
of current oil prices on Tanzania. Many

economists are optimisti

Nevertheless, the reality’ is that foreign
and local financial resources available to
Tanzania are not sufficient to fund an am-

bitious MHD programme.

Fifth, at project management level, the
following appear major constraints:

Figure ie “TANEANIA; WATER CATCHMENT BASINS

and contracts.

33°

— Unavailability of an effective local project
management and operation team.

— Poor engineering designs, delays in their
provision, faulty materials, poor transport and
storage facllities, etc.

— Lack of foreign currency to purchase ma-
terial and construction equipment.

— Failure to systematically award tenders

— Lack of effective project evaluation teams
and committees in some cases.

>



JPRSSSA-86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LEGISLATION INTRODUCED ON PROVINCIAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES
MB061203 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 6 Jun 86

text] Legislation which makes provision for the abolition of provincial coun-
‘cils and for the appointment of provincial executive committees has been tabled
in Parliament.

According to a memorandum on the Provincial Government Bill, effective partici-
pation will be given to all in the decisionmaking processes which affect them
together with the maintenance of security, stability, and self-determination
for each group.

Outlining how this goal will be achieved, the memorandum says the original
legislative capacity of provincial is to be terminated and that provincial
councils, which under the present dispensation are elected by white voters
only, are to be abolished. They will be replaced by an executive authority
consisting of an administator and an executive committee nominated by the
state president. The envisaged executive authorities will deal with general
affairs only and may comprise members of all population groups.

The new provincial governments will be responsible to the government at both
the political as well as the financial levels.. The provinces will continue to
give an administrative component Fword indistinct/ in future the staff will be
civil servants.

The legislation also makes provision that the executive power can amend existing
ordinances by proclamation and can also make laws on certain prescribed matters.
The proclamations must be tabled in Parliament.

If the need arises, the province may be subdivided with the approval of the
state president. Provision is also made for a cooperation similar to the
executive power of Natal-KwaZulu between the new provincial government and
other areas including the independent and self-governing national states.

/12228
CSO: 3400/1966

45



JPRS*SSA~86«068
1 July 1986

SOUTH "AF RICA

ANC'S TAiI5O0 ISSUES RALLYING. CALL TO NATION
BA061434 Addis Ababa in a English to Neighboring Countries, 1930 .GMre5 Jun a6

[@ext] Compatriots: Tonight we will bring.you the call to’our. emba ateled ©
nation from the National Executive Committee of our vanguard liberation’
movement, the ANC, presented by the president, Comrade Oliver Tambo.’ ‘This is
a eall that extends from-the call.aade last year around the same period in
cil last year entitled "fhe Future Is Within Our Grasp." But before we go
ahead to the call to the nation tonight, tet us remind ourselves some of the
salient points that emanated froi last year's ¢all,:"The Future Is Within our
Grasp." . : 4

It will be recalled that that call was made against the’ background of a%
situation in our country which the ANC National Executive Committee
chatacterized: as one which’ on :the side of ‘our people,’ the conditions for a
revolutionaty leap forward were beginning to show. While from the side of the
ruling class, the economic: and political crises had reached a new highs“ At a
time when the historic conditions, which ‘are necessary to ensure the collapse
of the apartheid regime andthe creation by the people of the new social ©
order, wore beginning to-take shape in greater measure than ever before in our
history. . Yet’ at the same time much more still remains to be done. .

It will be recalled, compatriots, that in that call of April last year our
national Executive Committee noted that it was now being kept alive’ by those
who carry arms in its defense and that-all attempts-by it to find an
alternative solution had already latided on the rocks. Therefore, the growing
cement. from below and the deepening crisis from above’ was demanding the urgent
attention of our whole [words indistinct] and al] sectors of our strugaliog:
people.

‘The ANC stressed ‘in the call that it was therefore the urgent task of our
liberation movement and all: patriots to stimulate the further! growth of those
conditions which could bring the day of the people's seizure of power within
sight.'.Hence it called on all sections of our people to make the apartheid
system more and more unworkable:and the country less and less ungovernable:
At the same time that we must work endlessly to strengthen all levels of mass
and underground organizations and to create the beginning of ‘popular power.
It concluded by highlighting [words indistinct] to all of us whether in or. out
of the ANC with an [words indistinct] that under the leadership of our
vanguard liberation. movement we can and must answer to the call of history.

50


JPRS«SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NP, CP MP'S DISCUSS ELECTORAL ACT AMENDMENT BILL
MB061801 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1707 GMT 6 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, 6 Jun, SAPA--The day that blacks were brought into
the constitutional dispensation would be_the day real power sharing and demo-

cracy started, Mr Albert Nothnagel (NP /National Party/ Innesdal) said in the
house today.

Speaking in the second reading debate on the Electoral Act Amendment Bill, he
said it was impossible that hegislation in South Africa’ would ever again
discriminate against people.

The fact that. the House of Delegates and the House of Representatives had
passed the bill showed that there was nothing discriminatory about it.

"Passing this bill by consensus shows that we have come to the point where
laws that are passed are in the interests of all groups," he said.

Real power sharing would come on the day that blacks were brought into the
political system.

Mr Daan van der Merwe (CP [Conservative Party/ Rissik) said he didn't know how
he and Mr Nothnagel had been in the same political party for so many years,

"If he carries on talking like this, he will come second in any elections in
Innesdal," he said.

The PFP /Progressive Federal Party/ were voting against the bill because it
contained too much apartheid while the CP would vote against it because it did
not contain enough apartheid. .

"No-one could referee the political game that this government is playing," he
said, adding that the CP believed the government had made a mess of apartheid
while the PFP thought it was making a mess of integration,

/12228
CSO: 3400/1966

46



JPRS~SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTERS QUESTIONED ON PIEYERSBURG MEETING DISRUPTION
MB101615 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1610 GHT 10 Jun 86

[Yext] House of Assembly, 10 June, SAPA--The minister of law and order was’
today asked why it was not deemed necessary to issue sjamboks to police at the
disrupted Pietersburg mecting last month when these weapons were used “fifteen
minutes ago on a group of students standing peacefully outside parliament.”

‘the question, from Hr.. Roger Burrows (PFP [Progressive Federal Party]
Pinctown), came after the minister, Mr. Louis le Grange, had said the police
at Pietersburg were issued with side arms and batons.

After disorder began gasmasks and teargas were also issued. Sjamboks had not
been issued because "the necessity for the use thereof did not cxist."

Replying to the question about the students, Mr. le Grange said he did not know
what Mr Lurrows was referring to.

As far as Pietersburg was concerned, however, the issuing of sjamboks had becn
at the diserction of the divisional commissioner of the SA police.

Replying to a question from Mr Peter Soal (PFP Johannesburg North) he said the
AWB [Afrikaner Resistance Movement] was given permission by the chief
magistrate of Pietersburg to hold a mecting on a sportsfield in the town on
ihe same day. No restrictions were imposed on the number of people, the
possession of flags or banners or on the making of speeches.

Asked by Mr Sopal whether it was not standard procedure when permission for a
mecting of this nature was sought that permission for banners and flags be
refused, the minister said, “no”.

Replying to a question from Mr Jan Hoon (CF [Conservative Party] Kuruman), the
minister said that 122 policemen were deployed at the NP mecting at Lllisras
two days later.

Replying to another question from Mr Soal, Mr le Grange said these policemen
wore arned with side arms only.

Replying to a question from Mr Louis Stofberg (HNP [Reformed National Party]
Sasolburg), the minister of defence Gen Magnus Malan, denied that students of
the Rand Afrikaans University were transported to Pietersburg in a SADF
Hercules to attend the disrupted meeting there.

/12913
csO: 3400/1957. 75



JPRS~SSA-86 4068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA.

BUSINESS DAY EDITOR VIEWS REPORT ON REFORM
MB091646 London BBC World Service in English 1309 GMT 9 Jun 86
[¥rom the "24 Hours" presented by Hugh Pricey-Jones/

fText/ /Pricey-Jones/ Like most people in South Africa these days, the repub-
lic's businessmen are under painful pressure. They are worried about the
continuing violence and about economic difficulties caused by angry black
workers which are threatening their profitability.

Well, today 600 of South Africa's most prominent businessmen have put their
names to recommendations for political and economic change. They urge a say in
the running of the country for the blacks. They also want to get more of them
interested in running their own businesses and getting a share of the country's
wealth. But the South African authorities have brushed aside businessmen's
complaints in the past, so I asked Ken Owen, editor of BUSINESS DAY in
Johannesburg, how much impact the latest proposals would have on the South
African Government.

fBegin recording/ /Owen/ Well they have a better chance with the South African
Government, I suspect, than they have with the black people. The South African
Government is moving towards modifying many of the racial practices and many

of the restrictions of black people's rights but I think there are two areas

of difficulty: One is that the businessmen will have no effect whatsoever on
the government's security measures which are, in some ways, another of the
problems, and I suspect they'll have very little effect on the views of black
people who are deeply suspicious of business and of private enterprise generally.

/Pricey-Jones/ Now what about the time scale? When the government says it is
moving toward doing things it seems to mean about 10 or 20 years, whereas, of
course, businesses have to look at a quarter of a year or much more short-term
business,

/oOwen/ Quite clearly, South Africa has run out of time on all kinds of fronts
and that is one reason why there is so much urgency behind (?it as well). Indeed
the business community is adopting a course of action which is not usual for
businessmen,

85



--Make recommendations to the administrator and the chief minister of KwaZulu;

--Act in a coordinating cpacity between the Natal provincial administration an
the KswZulu government service; and

--Act as agents of the parties.

The KwaZulu chief minister and cabinet as well as senior KwaZulu government
service officials, the Natal administrator in executive committee and senior
provincial administration officials and officials of the Commission for Admin-
istration and the Treasury have been consulted on the joint executive move,

the memorandum says.

The bill will be introduced and piloted through Parliament by Mr Chri Heunis,
minister of constitutional development and planning.

/12228
CSO: 3400/1966

Vv

40



PPRS 884-86 0068
July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESSMAN VIEWS SANCTIONS , DANGERS OF IGNORING POLITICS
MB091841 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1704 GMT 9 Jun 86

/Text/ London, 9 June, SAPA--A South African businessman and former PFP
/Progressive Federal Party/ MP, Dr Zac de Beer, said in London today if sanc+
tions impeded growth and caused economic regression they would aggravate the
problems of the poor and cause anger and intransigence,

Dr De Beer, executive director of Anglo-American, told a meeting of the Royal
Commonwealth Society: "We would not want future South Africans to inherit an

economic wasteland."
If international pressure went too far, he said, the response would be negative.

But he told the meeting that a negotiated agreement on a future constitution
would only be possible when the ANC was unbanned and political prisoners were
released.

"Failing such agreement, the scenario is one of escalating unrest and violence,
low productivity and high unemployment, capital flight and a continuing brain
drain, political polarisation on both sides and ultimately, after years of
destruction, a revolution which may well be led by thoroughly undemocratic

forces," he said.
“Disaster is certain if we continue to resist change."

Detailing South Africa's political history, he told the meeting: "Formerly,
white domination was reprehensible but feasible. Increasingly now, it is
impractical as well as indefensible."

He said the tricameral constitution had been supported by a large number of
whites--including many businessmen--who had seen it as a step in the right
direction.

"It proved to be nothing of the kind, and in fact was the trigger factor for
much of the present unrest.

"At the same time the economy was suffering not only from the constraints of
apartheid, but also from economic mismanagement~-overspending by government,
excessive money creation and high inflation--and some ordinary bad luck in the
form of droughts and poor export markets," he said.

110


JPRS-SSA-86-068
1 JULY 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

Briefs
Loan Agreement With WADB

CAMEROON

Briefs
Balanced Budget Approved

LIBERLA

Doe Rejects Opposition Proposals as Unconstitutional
(NEW LIBERIAN, 16 May 86) ....sccecccecccccccctecsccesecees

Doe Appoints Six New Finance Officers
(NEW LIBERIAN, 22 May 86) ..sceecesccccccccescecsecees

Armed Forces Urged To Remain Loyal
(NEW LIBERIAN, 19 May 86) .....

House of Representatives Condemns Grand Coalition Statement
(NEW LIBERIAN, 23 May 86) ..

Justice Minister Warns Detractors Against Destabilization
(J. N. Elliott; NEW LIBERIAN, 12 May 86) ..

Inadequate Marketing Facilities Hampering Food Production
(Joseph Teh; NEW LIBERIAN, 13 May 86) ....

MOZAMBIQUE

Relations With Portugal Reported Deteriorating
(Augusto de Carvalho; EXPRESSO, 10 May 86) cececccccccceees



JPRS“SSA+86-068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ANGLO-AMERICAN CORPORATION'S DE BEER DISCUSSES SANCTIONS
MB111729 London BBC World Service in English 1615 GMT 11 Jun 86
[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text] The Commonwealth Eminent Persons Group, EPG, that spent several months
in South Africa trying to find a way of ending the racial and political vio-
lence has reached a point of apparent despair. Fighting and killing has
escalated in places such as Crossroads, the government is talking of reintro-
ducing a state of emergency or even martial law, and the EPG has come down on
the side of international economic sanctions against South Africa. Well,
Anglo-American is one of the biggest corporations active in South Africa.
Rick Wells asked its London executive director, Sac de Beer, how he reacted
to the threat of sanctions.

[Begin recording] [De Beer] Well, naturally, with disappointment and with
a resolve to do what one can to ensure that these sanctions are not more
severe than is absolutely necessary.

[Wells] How far have the sanctions that have already been imposed taken their
toll, do you think?

[De Beer] Well, there is no question that the step taken by the inter-
national banks 6 or 8 months ago, nearly a year ago now, has done severe
damage to undermine confidence, it has pushed our currency down to very
low levels, and above all, it has led to a capital flight from the country.
So, that has been very damaging, but the other methods, the other sanctions,
measures, which have been taken have not on the whole been very serious.

[Wells] You have admitted that the sanctions, even in the form that they
have been imposed so far, are effective. Is it not, then, the only way of
making the South African Government change its attitude toward apartheid?

[De Beer] It depends on what you mean by effective. I said that these
sanctions have certainly been effective in hurting us. I am afraid I am not
able to say that they have been effective in bringing the end of apartheid
nearer, rather the contrary. I am afraid what they do is to make our
government more recalcitrant and to slow down the pace of the reform that
has been going on.

103



POSSIBLE NP MOVE TO INCLUDE BLACK IN CABINET QUESTIONED

Durban POST NATAL in English 21-24 May 86 p 8

JPRS*SSA+86~068
1 duly 1986

DUUTH AFRICA

{My View Column by Ameen Akhalwaya: "Is PW thinking about opening a political

pandora's box now?]}

[Text]

N August, the ruling

National Party will

hold a federal con-

gress in Durban. Such
congresses are rare, held
only to discuss important
policy matters.

One was held when the
Nats wanted to change
the Union into a Repub-
lic. Another was held be-
fore the white constitu-
tional referendum in

“1983.

The August congress
has been called by Nat
supremo and State Presi-
dent PW Botha. No rea-
son has been given. Na-
tionalists claim they are
just as much in the dark
about it as anyone else.
They say only Mr Botha
knows the real reason.

The secrecy has
sparked speculation
about why such a con-
gress is being held.

Some analysts say it is
to give Mr Botha the go-
ahead to release Nelson
Mandela and other politi-
cal detainees, and/or to
unban the ANC and PAC.

Others say it may be to
get the ruling party's ap-
proval for an African to
be included in the Cabi-
net. Yet others say it
may be to include an

African, as well as to re-
lease political prisoners
and unban the outlawed
organisations.

The speculation sug-
gests if the way were
opened for an African,
the most likely candidate

would be Chief Mangos-
uthu Buthelezi.

All may be wrong of
course. It may yet be Ru-
bicon all over again, with
Mr Botha dragging his
feet in the mud.

Iam inclined to be-
lieve the congress has
been called to open the
way for Chief Buthelezi’s
inclusion in the Cabinet
-- that is, if the Inkatha
leader agreed to serve.

There is much to sup-
port this line of specula-
tion. For one, the SABC,
the Nats’ mouthpiece, has
for some time now been
giving “positive” cover-
age to Chief Buthelezi.

It has constantly high-
lighted his opposition to
disinvestment, as well as

his ctiticism of the ANC’S *
“external mission”.

On May Day, SABC-TV
virtually ignored other
rallies as it highlighted
the launch of the Inka-
tha-backed United Work-
ers Union of SA.

In addition, Western
leaders have welcomed
Chief Buthelezi as a
pragmatist with a strong
power base.

,

His opponents to his
black left and white right
have seen these as signs
that the Government is

* promoting him as a mod-

erate who is reasonable”

and is prepared to negoti-
ate for peaceful, evolu-
tionary change, and that
whites would be better
off sharing the country
with him than with socia-
list revolutionaries who
would take everything
away from them.

Thus, from the Govern-
ment side, the inclusion
of Chief Buthelezi backed
by the huge membership
of Inkatha would be seen
as a master stroke.

For one, it would take
the sting out of American
moves for more econom-

ic sanctions. After all, ;
Pretoria’s best friend, ‘

Ronald Reagan, has wel-
comed just about every
Nationalist concession as
a reformist move in the
right direction. The nom-
ination of Chief Buthelezi
would be hailed as a dra-
matic step away from
apartheid.
Internationally and lo-
cally, the Nationalists
would be able to say the
National Government
was now miltiracial, and
coupled with the pro-
posed multiracial second
tier of government, that
this was the second step
~ after the inclusion of
an “Indian” and a “col-

63

oured” in the Cabinet —
towards all-race power-
sharing.

Obviously, extra-par-
liamentary organisations
which condemn Chief Bu-
thelezi’s participation in
the KwaZulu Legislative
Assembly will again con-
demn his inclusion in the
Cabinet.

They would argue that
he does not represent the
majority of black people,
and that his inclusion in
the ruling Cabinet would
be on the basis of his

_ being a minority voice in

a country where the ma-
jority is black.

All the speculation
about his inclusion in the
Cabinet would obviously

come to nothing if he de-

clined any invitation.
Would he accept such an
invitation? .

For one, Chief Buthe-
lezi has condemned the
tricameral parliamenta-
ry system, and as a re-
sult, he parted company
with one of his major
allies, Mr Allen Hen-
drickse, who now serves
in the Cabinet.

If Chief Buthelezi
served in the same Cabi-
net, it might be seen as
vindication of Mr Hen-
drickse’s decision to par-
ticipate in the tricameral
system.

For another, Chief Bu-
thelezi has refused to ne-
gotiate with the Govern-
ment on the basis of its
current proposals. And



TPRS*SSA+86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

[NKATHA CALLS OW UUETES TO REJECT AWB
13090912 Johannesburg SAPA in Unglish 0816 GMT 9 Jun 86

[Text] Durban, 9 June, SAPA-=‘the Zulu-based {nkatha movement has called on
all whites to reject the militant right-wing Afrikaner Weerstandheweging
(Afrikaner Resistance Movement--AWR] « >

Ata Weeting in Ulundi this weekend, the movement's central committee passed a
resolution deploring the. rising prominence’ of*the AWR, saying the “Alarming”
emergence of white right-wing extremists seriously threatened the futute of
the couttry. . These groups were in turn generating racist attitudes among
blacks by their “hideous political ‘rejection of blacks" as fellow South
Africans.

Inkatha said the state president, Mr’ P.W. Botha} necded mass black support fas
more than the support of splinter right wing groups to bring about chang;
which would break the incredsing violence in the country, and he had to “iove
boldly" if he wished to eliminate the present climate ‘of uncertainty in which
extremist politics thrives :

The eoitind ttee also warned that there might be Less time than generally
percéived for a negotiated future for the country, and urged Mr Botha to
ensure that the Proposed national statutory council was not’ just an instrament
in the government's search for another form of white privileges.

Full backing was given for the caJll by Inkatha President Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi for the release of Nelson Mandela, and the committee noted the
“consistent sense of brotherhood” that the jailed ANC leader has shown towards
Chief Buthelezi. .

As far as 16 June “Soweto Day" memorial ceremoniés were concerned, the Lakatha
Central Committee said they were appalled at the extent the ANC, UDF and
COSATU were claiming the day as their own exclusive political property.

The committee urged blacks not to be intimidated by these groups, and resolved
to remind black South Africans of the futility of becomtag cannon fodder for
the glorification of self-styled leaders pursuing narrow party political ends.

/3.2913
cso: . 3400/1963

49.



(Fysh] Yes, all right. Christo, we are looking at another major problem and
that is communication’ down the line. You have proposed here that we. talk to
senior management who have got to talk to middle management, who have got to
then talk to the shop floor. Now, there is a major gap there. How are you
going to get through that?

[Nel] Management's going to have to address two major perceptions in the
short term and in the South African context they are the only people, busi-
ness environment, that can address this. [sentence as heard] On the one
hand we have to, as Chris has already mentioned, bring the worker to under-
stand that apartheid and the free market system are not mutually inclusive,
that the free market can in fact offer greater benefits than any other
system. But we also have to educate the white workers to understand that in
order for one party to gain another party doesn't necessarily have to lose,
and I think we have an equal challenge in educating the black worker to
accept the free market system as we have to educate the white manager and
especially the middle manager....

[Fysh, interrupting] But already, in your investigations in this you picked
up that there was a lack of commitment on the part of business, they don't
seem to realize the urgency. Now, how are you going to avoid that, because
it is just another lip service exercise unless you start right now doing,
you know, practical implementation?

[Nel] This is the one thing that we have seen. We looked at last year,
1984, 1985, then management was very much lost in this quagmire. It's a new
problem. It's not a problem which we are taught in our past experience
through universities, etc. What we now see is that now that management

has a guideline, it has a blueprint to follow, we have seen the motivation
there, we have seen the focus there, and all we need is to somehow consoli-
date this into a national action. And then South African line managers have
an incredible ability to rise to the occasion, and we are already seeing them
doing that, and this is what's so positive.

[Nasser] I think that is quite right but I think what Christo means [word
indistinct] is perfectly accurate. You have got 103 of the corporations that
have joined the study. All of them have been talking about putting their
house in order. All of them have been talking about doing the kinds of
things that need to be done at great expense to themselves, let me add, in
order to be able to make the thing work, in order to be able to sell the free
enterprise system to their people, to give the people a stake in the very
economy that they are working in.

[Fysh] Coming back to the fundamental problem, you have also got the unions
to deal with. They don't like it. They may even say, in fact, that the only
reason that you are now initiating a project like this is because your profit
is being threatened, I mean that's a logical perception, Chris?

[Ball] Well, I think that that's possibly a negotiating position. I don't

think its an accurate perception. I think that you must appreciate that
business has been in the function of developing in people in South Africa

98



organizers plan to have the believers who are members of the Christian Council
of Mozambique (CCM), including Catholics, participate in the march.

“We are seeking by this means to show the people of Mozambique and the whole
world our anguished concern about the lack of peace in our country and in the
rest of world,” this same source said.

The march, which those responsible say will involve the participation of many
Christians, will begin at the Maxaquene Khovo Church on Eduardo Mond Lane
Avenue and will proceed along Guerra Popular and 25 September avenues to the
pavilion of the Sports Club, where a Liturgical ceremony for peace will be
held.

The sponsors of the march are planning to take steps to obtain the necessary
government permission.

5157
CS0:3442/228

23



New Structures
The cooperative farm in Machava is a working example of the Frelimo Party's
attempts to establish new kinds of structures in Mozambique, more than nine-
_ tenths of whose population has traditionally eked out a living from the soil.
The hundred or so families on this machamba have hung tough right from the ‘outset.

"When we started 8 years ago, we received no pay for a couple of years," says
Albertina Sinini, head of the women's section of the farm, as she soberly runs
through the farm's history. "In those days, we got to eat what we ourselves
produced," says the 50-year-old mother of nine children.

Now the farm manages to pay wages: everyone receives 2,000 meticals a month.
The pay is the same for all. In the city, it would be impossible to support
a family on that amount of money.

Surplus Goes Toward Increasing Output

Here the cooperative society tries unaided to achieve the absolute goal.of the
administrative board of the so-called verdant zones. There are no categorical
orders, because no one can predict under the straitened circumstances how well

or how poorly the goals will be met. If the farm produces a surplus over and
beyond wages, it is not distributed among the members. Instead, a joint decision
is made to acquire with the surplus something which could be used to increase
output.

In the rural districts proper of Mozambique, the Frelimo agricultural policy
has been unsuccessful. The so-called ruralization program has in practice
stumbled due to lack of security. The cooperative activity of the “solidarity
villages" founded after the Frelimo revolution is just in its initial stages.

Agriculture's attention is now focused primarily on support for private farmers,
as the World Bank has urged elsewhere in Africa. In Mozambique, the World Bank

has not even opened an office yet, even though Mozambique became a member nearly
2 years ago.

Food From Elsewhere

Agricultural output is reported to have increased only here and there. Maputo
province has been able, at least, to produce more actual food than last year,
but nevertheless it does not come close to meeting even the needs of the capital.

Mozambique still has to import much more food than it itself can produce. During
practically the entire ll-year period of independence, the structure of agriculture
has been in such a bind that domestically produced food is’at least 50 percent more
expensive than that purchased abroad.

Mozambique now needs almost half a million tons of emergency aid, primarily grain.

Most of it is promised and nearly half has already been delivered, although dis-
tribution is cumbersome and sometimes impossible due to acts of sabotage.

19



PRS«SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

FIRMS FORCED TO LEAVE--The representatives of four South African firms have
threatened litigation against the organizers of the "Posidhonia 86" maritime
fair. he South African firms were forced to close their exhibits after
having received telephone calls in which it was threatened that their
pavilions would be blown up. According to the South African representatives,
those who arc responsible for the security of the Piraievs Ports
Organizations’ exhibition area (responsibility for security is held by private
companies) would not undertake to protect the South Africans from any possible
bombing attacks. ‘Yherefore, the South African exhibi tors, whose participation
had been announced in the fair's programs and whose pavilions had already been
rented and prepared, were unable to participate. A statement released by the
Merchant Marine Ministry yesterday stressed that the ministry was not in any
way involved in the sccurity of the exhibition area. The statement also made
it clear, however, that the ministry's position "is the same as the
govermient's perfectly clear position toward the South African and similar
regimes." [Yext] [Athens 1 KATHIMERUN] in Greck 6 Jun 86 p 3 NC] ./12913

LAST LONDON COMMITIEE-~In East London 19 organizations have formed an adhoc
conmittcc to fight the Le Grange bills. The organizations include the Black
Sash, the United Democratic Front for the region, the Detainee Parents Support
Committee, Mdantsane Residents’ Association, the Release Mandela Campaign
Comittee, and the South African Allied Workers' Union. In a statement issued
yesterday, the adhoc committee said it wanted to make it clear to all South
Africans, but particularly people in the border regions, that the bilis, if
passed, will mean unchecked power being given to the police. The committee

ad South Africa was being placed in a permanent state of emergency, which it
id was a violation of human rights. {Yext] [Umtata Capital Radio in
English 6600 GNT & Jun 86 MB] /12913

CSO: 3400/1957

102



Techno-Economic Constraints

First, at (national) planning level, the
following appear the main obstacles:

—The number of ministries and public
institutions working for varied rural inte-
rests, which make it rather difficult to
coordinate planning work in order to mi-
nimize duplication of efforts and costs.
The relative difficulties in estab-
lishing and integrating various rural deve-
lopment pians due to uncertainties of wea-
ther, policy etc.

— Insufficient information provided by
the rural population.

— Difficulty in selecting village sites
from among more than 8,000 on the main-
land.

Second, at engineering feasibility level,
some of the following appear common for
tural schemes:

— Lack of enough detailed engineering
information, instruments and personnel to
carry out rural feasibility studies or select
appropriate technology. The most serious
shortcomings are in:

© detailed topographical, seismic, geological,

soils hydrological, meteorological
maps/aerial photographs and records;

© engineering instruments for studies, e.g.

survey, ‘geotechnical and hydrographic
‘equipment;

© technicians, craftsmen and artisans in the

villages to offer assistance; and

‘* demographic, economic and other suppor-

tive information.

— Lack of minimum engineering stan-
dards for design, operation, and energy
management of rural electric systems.

— Difficulty in acquiring research in-
formation on rural technologies, construc-
tion and operation cost minimization tech-
niques. . .

— Unavailability of local expertise to

plan, design and fabricate various compo-
nents of a mini hydro scheme.

— Lack of workshops at national or vil-
lage level for fabricating various electro-
mechanical equipment.

— Low level of national industrial base
to support MHD.

— Prohibitive cost of rural electrifica-
tion studies.*

— Site’ specificity of mini hydros.
(Engineering-economic limitations reduce
the proportion of sites suitable for rural
electrification programmes.)

31

Third, at technical economic appraisal
level, the following appear common to ru-
ral schemes:

— Lack of guidelines for project eva-

luation. Hence there are difficulties in
carrying out social cost-benefit analysis.

— Lack of a team of experts with capa-
city to appraise MHD projects to a level to
attract funding from commercial banks,
including overseas institutions. Therefore,
the nation is induced either to use its mea-
ger foreign resources for such studies or to
seek bilateral assistance from friendly
countries.**

— Lack of sufficient resources at village
level to carry out the schemes. MHD
schemes have to be incorporated into na-
tional plans. Hence they are subject to
conventional appraisal mechanisms, includ-
ing scrutiny by local sectoral planners

and bankers, and sometimes foreign fi-
nancial institutions.

— Social rather than strictly economic
returns. The major findings of rural elec-
trification appraisal teams are low density
loadings, low utilization of both the uti-
lity’s and the consumer’s equipment, low
rates of growth in terms of number of cus-
tomers and electricity consumption, low
load factors of consumption, high capital
costs per unit of consumption and low an-
nual revenues per customer.

— Lack of a national rural energy
policy or masterplan so as to be able to
contemplate the effects of MHD on the
national economy. .

— Slow and sometimes frustrating ap-
praisal process due to the established go-
vernment procedures.

Current results of economic evaluation
of selected mini hydro schenes in Tanzania
and based on border prices unit social
costs of. supply are around
US$0.11-0.39/KWh. (Table 6) in compari-
son to the above unit’s social costs of
energy, the average national tariff year
1983 was of the order of $0.09/kWh. (Ta-
ble 7).

These figures reveal that rural electrifi-
cation with mini hydro power may require
subsidization, At the moment, Tanzania
has a uniform tariff throughout the main-
land. Customers on the national grid
system therefore subsidize those in
isolated/rural areas. The reasons often at-



JPRSasca 86

July 1996 “068

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

INSOLVENCIES REPORTED~-There has been another giant jump in the number of
businesses going broke. Latest figures from the Central Statistical Services

in Pretoria show more than 1,000 people were declared insolvent in the first

3 months of this year, about 56 percent up on the first 3 months of 1985, ‘The
figure averages out to almost 15 every working day. In March alone this year,

320 individuals and private partnerships went under, the third highest figure
this decade. Only during October and August last year were the insolvency figures
higher. /Text/ /Umtata Capital Radio in English 1500 GMT 10 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

RESERVE BANK REPORTS ASSETS, LIABILITIES--Pretoria, 6 Jun, SAPA--The total

gold holdings of the SA Reserve Bank rose to R2,924,432,997 at the end of May
from R2,600,855,939 at the end of April, the bank said in its monthly statement
of assets and liabilities released in Pretoria today. Gold reserves were how-
ever valued at R719.57 per fine ounce compared with the valuation price of
R638.13 at the end of April. Foreign bills fell to $7,268,464 from R57,054,582
on 30 April, foreign investments rose to R119,070,836 (R105 102,304), and

other assets stood at R479,138,912 (R471,793,447). Total gold and foreign
assets rose to R3,529,911,210 (R3,234,806,275). Notes in circulation rose to
R4,315,705,668 (R4,150,148,730). Government deposits totalled R631,298,008,
almost double the April sum of R329,848,987. Provincial administration deposits
totalled R18,196,212 (R34,618,689). Bankers deposits totalled R634,955,786,
down from R686,213,805. The ratio of gold reserves to liabilities to the public
less foreign assets was 50.8 percent, compared with 48.2 percent at the end of
April. /Text/ /Johannesburg SAPA in English 1315 GMT 6 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

CSO: 3400/1965 END

112



“Many whites have been brainwashed on the ANC and we call on whites not to
rely on govermment propaganda about the A " she de

whe meeting called on a1} South Africans who wanted peace to join in the
campaign to have the ANC uabamned, io have Leaders released trow prison and to
have exiles return to South Africa. Simtlar campaigns are to be Launched in
other parts of the country.

/12913
C50: 3400/1963

55



In this year's annual report, the SKF also says that the system of apartheid
is an obstacle to South Africa's economic development.

The Worid Council is a union organization that was established to strengthen
its unions in relation to the big multinational SKF firm.

There are equivalent world councils for the big automobile firms, including
GM, Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, and Volvo.

Coran Johansson says: "A few years ago, I was quite pessimistic about the
unions’ chances for influencing multinational firms at the international
level. The lack of unity among unions is still very troublesome, but we have
also accomplished a great deal. Among other things, I feel that the SKF has
become more sensitive to criticism from us."

Contacts

To a large extent, the idea behind the meeting in Goteborg is that shop
stewards should develop personal contacts. The World Council functions as a
very large informational organization, and it is important for people to know
each other if the work is to proceed effectively.

Among the issues being discussed at the meeting are rationalization and new
technology, different forms of company management in different countries,
training, collective bargaining contracts, and so on.

Goran Johansson says: "Our activity is based on the premise that work should
not be moved from one country to another. On the other hand, we do not
involve ourselves in issues within a particular country. We would not
appreciate it if people from France had opinions on where we ought to be
producing something in Sweden, for example."

Environmental Issues

Environmental issues are one important area of cooperation, with information
being exchanged on demands and achievements. It was reported from the FRG,
for example, that success had been achieved there in reducing noise levels
from various kinds of machinery.

New technology is another important area in which the conditions for worker
training and participation currently differ in different countries.

The next meeting will presumably be held in the United States, where the SKF
is about to undertake big structural efforts. The American representatives
did not come to the meeting in Goteborg. They said they were staying away
because of radioactive fallout from the Russian nuclear accident.

11798
CSO: 3650/205

109



The Department of Constitutional Development has been accused of regarding the
events in Crossroads as an alternative way to removing some squatters.

Mre Suzman has called for the declaration of a disaster area. Steps could
then be taken to provide poople with at least the bare necessitics.

Mr Le Grange declined to comment today on criticism of the police or on the
situation in RVC. Mr Le Grange also declined to react to demands for a
judicial inquiry into police activities.

Mr Heunis said he had no comment to wake.

Mr Suzman said: "If, as the ministcr lir Le Grange constantly proclaims, the
police are being unjustly accused, he should welcome such a commission to
clear their name. If the accusations are founé to be true the minister should
resign as this could only mean either that he has lost contro] or that he is
condoning these actions."

lirs Guzman said Mr Heunis must also take responsibility for the ghastly
occurences in Crossroads and KIC if the perpetrators were to be rewarded with
improved housing. “This alternative method of forced removal cannot surely be
encouraged,” Hrs Suzman said.

The New Republic Party spokesman for law and order, Mr. Vause Raw, said in a
statcnent in Cape Town today that a military exercise was necessary to restore
order in the Crossroads and KIC area.

Bishop Desmond Tutu was reported in a Cape Town newspaper today of having, sait
that the "kind of massacre" in Crossroads is “quite unacceptable" but he will
not intervene unless asked by those involved. .

oo
"yhe people on the ground should be the ones involved.. The other church
leaders and the council of churches have becn working in the arca. if the
people ask me to try, I would be willing. Yhe initiative must.come from them.
1 don't want it to seem that I am butting in," he said.

At the height of the fighting he had been asked to intervene, but on
investigation it had appeared that “the warring partics were not yet ready for
mediation."

“Taw quite prepared to come, but only if my presence is required by the
church leadership and the people. What is happening there is quite horrible
and we must try anything. Thet kind of massacre is quite unacceptable," he
seid.

Meanwhile as relief workers assess the aftermath of yesterday's violence in
the squatter camp, church officials and squatter leaders are meeting today to
discuss the outcome of the meeting with the minister of constitutional
development and ‘planning, Mr Chris Heunis, yesterday afternoon.

730



The unemployed will now be sent to the valleys of the Umbeluzi, Matola,
Incomati and Limpopo Rivers, where the agricultural potential is great.

However, all of this effort requires massive coordination, as well as the
establishment of carefully adapted projects, so that what happened with
Operation Production 3 years ago will not recur, representing a return to
ZeLO.

President Samora Machel also announced that the security authorities have
already identified and arrested the individual and the network responsible for
the explosion which destroyed an armored vehicle in the early morning hours of
21 April on Agostinho Neto Avenue, opposite the urban transport stop.

It is now known that the Citroen which was owned by a Portuguese citizen and
contained enough explosives to wreck three adjacent buildings and put 43
persons who had been asleep in their homes to the hospital, came from South
Africa and crossed the frontier abotit 10 am on the day preceding the incident.

Samora Machel further said that the individual responsible for the explosion
would shortly be presented to the public to explain the nature and the
mechanisms of this terrorist action and who those responsible, or its
“sponsors,” to use the word employed by the Mozambican president, were.

5157
CS80:3442/228

25



JPRS“SSA+86~068
L July 1986

Anglican Council to Disobey New Laws

MB111522 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1518 GMT 11 Jun 86

/Text/ Johannesburg, 11 Jun, SAPA~-The Anglican Diocesan. Council for
Johannesburg has resolved it would be unable to obey regulations in terms of
pending security legislation if it becomes law and would not counsel other
Anglicans to do so.

"The diocesan. council declares that if this legislation becomes law, it will
be unable to obey regulations made in terms of it, nor will it counsel other
Anglicans to obey them," a press statement from the diocesan secretary said
today.

The Diocesan Council of the Anglican Diocese of Johannesburg, meeting on
7 June "declares its unbending support for the rule of law, and approves all
actions which uphold it," the statement said.

"In view of the council the pending legislation contemplated in the Public
Safety Bill and the Internal Security Bill is an abrogation of the rule of law."

The council also passed a resolution congratulating the bishop of Johannesburg,
Bishop Desmond Tutu, on his election to the archbishopric of Cape Town.

It thanked-him for his personal pastoral care and strong leadership in "opposing
the injustice and oppression which prevail in our country today."

/12228
csO: 3400/1964

91



ARMED FORCES URGED TO REMAIN LOYAL

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 19 May 86 pp l, 6

[Text]

Members of the Armed
Forces of Liberia
(AFL), have been urged
to remain "law-abiding
and loyal to constitu-
ted authorities at all
times".

The call was made
over the weexend by
Maj. General Kpenkpah
Y. Konah, deputy
chief-of-staff, «+ when
he commissioned 30
officers of "the Spe-

cial Anti-Terrorist

Unit" (SATU), to va-

rious ranks ranging

from First-Lieutenant
to full Colonel on be-
half of AFL Chief of

Staff Lt. General
Henry S. Dubar at the
Ministry of National
Defense.

General Konah also
admonished the offi-
cers "to uphold. and

/12828
CSO: 3400/1938

defend the interest of
the state at all
cost". ,

Responding on behalf
of himself ‘and his.
colleagues, Col. Isaac
J. Dorbor commander of
the unit, asked Gen.
Konah to convey their
thanks and apprecia-
tion to the Commander-
In-Chief ‘and President
of Liberia, Dr. Samuel
K. Doe, the Minister
of National Defense,
Maj. Gen. Gray D.
Allison, and Chief-Of-
Staff Henry ‘S. Dubar
for their preferment
and for the confidence
reposed in them.

Cot. Dorbor said
they were mrepared to
protéct the nation
“with ‘their lives"

The ceremony was
witnessed by top brass
of the military, rela-
tives and friends of
the honorees. -- LINA

JPRS*SSA~86*068
1 July 1986

LIBERIA


4s a cold drizzje settled over the Cape peninsula this morning, relief
agencics' medical workers are starting to count the toll of the battle between
comrades and witdoeke.

A spokesvonan for St. John Ambulance, Mrs Ann Botha, said the organisations
work iu the area over the past three wecks has been lost and relief workers
are back to square one.

SHWCO [Students Health and Welfare Care Organisations] [word indistinct] Mr
Nerck Livesy said there is much hunger in the arca and many people were
seerching for lost relatives.

112933
8G: 3400/1957

74



demonstrates how shaky the foundations of freedom in our country are in any
case."

Mr Eglin said the imposition of the state of emergency was an admission by
the government of the failure of its own policy.

Similar declarations had been made under NP governments after the Sharpeville
shootings in 1961, the Soweto riots in 1976, the Uitenhage shootings in 1985
and again this year.

The periods between declarations were growing shorter and if the government
did not change its policy, there would be a permanent state of emergency.

Each state of emergency had been more severe and more restrictive.

"Each one has borne traumatic testimony to the fact that the government is
simply not fit to govern a modern, multi-racial South Africa.

"How many more deaths, how many more bannings, how many more detentions, how
many more states of emergency must this country suffer before this government
goes or changes its policy?"

In a normal democratic country a government that had "made such a mess of
almost everything it touched" would either resign or call in other people to
lead the country out of the crisis, Mr Eglin said.

"But here in South Africa the government responds to its own failure by
grabbing more power. :

"And every time it grabs more power it. aggravates the conflict situation."
The declaration of the state of emergency would do nothing to remove the root
cause of the conflict in South Africa but would in fact aggravate racial
animosity and reduce the chances of. lasting peace.

/6091
cso: 3400/1980

80



JPRS*SSA*86+068
1 July 1986

CAMEROON

BRIEFS

BALANCED BUDGET APPROVED--The cabinet met yesterday at Unity Palace at 1100
under the chairmanship of Paul Biya, president of the republic, The head of
state approved the 1986-87 budget. The balanced budget amounts to 80 billion
CFA francs, composed of 460 billion CFA francs for the recurrent budget and
340 billion CFA francs for investment budget. The president of republic urged
all public managers and accountants to demonstrate the greatest rigor in the
management of public finances. He advised them to avoid unproductive and
wasteful spending of the human and natural resources placed at their disposal.
J/éxcerpts/ /Yaounde Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 5 Jun 86 AB/ 12228

CSO: 3400/1946



JPRS“SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

5 !

NAAWU SHOP STEWARD: UNION WANTS SWEDISH COMPANY TO REMAIN
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 7 May 86 p 11

[Article by Peter Sandberg]

[Text] Goteborg--"We realize that the SKF [Swedish Ballbearing. Works] is
helping the apartheid regime through its taxes and production, but the plants
are also our work. We do not want new investments, but we do want the SKF to
stay, and we do not feel that this conflicts with the ANC's Policy," says
Daniel Dube, a shop steward at the SKF in South Africa.

The International Metalworkers Federation's World Council for the SKF is now
meeting in Goteborg. Representatives from about 10 countries are debating
various issues, among them the proper way of dealing with South Africa.

Goran Johansson, chairman of the Metalworkers Union at the SKF, says: "We have
not been asked by our member organizations in South Africa to try to. persuade
the SKF to pull out completely. Nor can we tell them what.to do. But if a
request for action comes, we will support them as much as we possibly can."

Successes

The South African representatives at the meeting represent the NAAWU [National
Automobile and Allied Workers Union], which is a union for automobile workers
and metalworkers. That organization is a member of. COSATU, the national

confederation of black trade unions.

To some extent, it is the successes achieved by COSATU which have changed the
picture of what can be done in South Africa.

"The ANC regards organized workers as one of the most important forces
for pulling down the system of apartheid. One may well ask whether they will
play the same role if they are completely out of work," says Daniel Dube.

Equal Pay

It is important for the NAAWU to work within its firms on behalf of equal pay,
training for blacks, the opportunity to work at skilled jobs, and so on.

108



JPRS~ss ange
~068
JI July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S SUZMAN CHARGES POLICE AID CROSSROADS VIGILANTES
MB111607 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1558 GMT 11 Jun 86

/Text/ House of Assembly, 11 Jun, SAPA--The KTC, Crossroads and Nyanga Bush
areas were being given over to anarchy as a result of certain people being
given the right to drive residents out by burning and killing, Mrs Helen Suzman
(PFP /Progressive Federal Party/ Houghton) said today.

Speaking in the second reading of the Public Safety Amendment Bill, she said
the police were "openly flouting the law and a court order restraining them
from harrassing the residents." :

"There is no doubt that the appalling behaviour at KTC and Crossroads is
largely the result of a feeling being. engendered that the police have licence
to behave how they will." .

She said the "witdoeke" /white scarives/ gathered behind police vehicles as
they moved’ through the townships. . 2 a f

"There appears to be a conspiracy and an unholy alliance between the minister
of law and order and the minister of constitutional development and planning
to clear people out of the KTC, Crossroads and Nyanga Bush areas,"

The areas were being "given over to anarchy by allowing certain people to use
burning and killing to get rid of residents." 3

One of the reasons for situation in the area was the impression which had been
created that the police could act with impunity.

/12228
CSO: 3400/1964

78



[Wells] But who is actually being hurt by these sanctions? You are talking
as a member of the white business community.

[De Beer] Yes. I am not personally hurt. My salary hasn't gone down as a
result, but what happens is that one of the companies I am chairman of, for
example, has two-thirds the payroll that it used to have in happy times.
So, that is 10,000 more unemployed people in South Africa. That is not
entirely due to the sanctions, but the sanctions have contributed to that
state of affairs.

[Wells] But, Bishop Tutu, for example, as a prominent antiapartheid leader
and representative of black people in South Africa, has come out specifically
for sanctions, then they would work. [sentence as heard]

[De Beer] I have very considerable respect for Archbishop Tutu and if I
differ from him, I do so with all that respect. He is naturally entitled to
a view. Archbishop Tutu has said that the black people in South Africa would
welcome sanctions, but there is evidence in the other direction as I think he
conceded. There have been at least two pretty scientific surveys which
revealed that the majority of the black people of South Africa don't want
sanctions. Certainly, Chief Buthelezi in the Inkatha movement which is
representative of perhaps a quarter of black South Africans has come out
firmly against sanctions. So, there are very much two views. [end record-

ing]

/6091
CSO: 3400/1981

104



He said Mr Ramaphosa's address was "moving," although there were differences
between them.

"We are one at regarding a free, lively, brave press as an essential factor in
our country...but it is very important to get a degree of tolerance...too many
people think fair and strong expression of views is wrong and conducive to
violence, and this is by no means confined to the right-wing..." he said.

Mr Oppenheimer:said he believed that he and Mr Ramaphosa were in agreement that
a free and worthy press was an essential factor in the life of a free country.
They would, however, see essentials differently.

He said that idealism had to have a "realistic" basis, calling for sound commer-
cial sense--which THE WEEKLY MAIL had.

"I like to think," he added, "that we are going through extremely painful
birthpangs of an emerging new sort of South Africa."

/12228
CSO: 3400/1964

89



JPRS+SSA+86-068
1 July 1986

the day. fle said the objective of communism and terrorism was to confuse
people so that foreign ideologies could find fertile ground in the minds of
the people. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 Cir 9
Jun 66 MB] /12913 .

GAZANKULU CHIEF ON SCTIOOL BOYCOLTS--The ehic£ Minister of Gazankulu, Professor
Hudson Neswanwisi, says parents should do everything in their power to prevent
their children from participating in destructive activities such as school
boycotts. Speaking at the conclusion of the fifth session of the fourth
legislative assembly of Gazankulu at Giyani, Professor Ntsanwisi said children’
had to be convinced:that schools were sources of knowledge and iasight ware
important prerequisites for equality. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service
in English 1900 GMT 10 Jun 86 MB] /12913

MANUEL DISCUSSES 'PEOPL!'S POWER'--Cape ‘tow, 10 June, SAPA--People's power
will eventually sweep the country--and South Africans had better prepare
themselves, says.the United Democratic Front's [UDF] western Ca) Secretary,
Mr Trevor Manuel. Mr Manuel was speaking in Rondebosch last night on building
people's power, the thrid in a series on issues of concern run by the contac
group Merge. People's power meant the control of everything inside a Locality
by local people on a democratic basis, he said. ‘Those attempting to bring
this about would have to be prepared for constant conflict with "the forces
that be." Events in Crossroads illustrated this, he said. the vigilantes--or
witdoecke [white scarves]--were being used by the government to further influx
control. Other significant gains had been made, though. Local authorities
established by the Black Local Authorities Act of 1983 “to all inteuts and
purposes’ don't exist any longer” as a result of pressure from the community.
People's power was aot something that would remain locked in the townships

“ forever. "It has to begin to take root throughout our country." [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1121 Gity LO Jun 86 MB] /12913

C50: 3400/1963

57



s youth. Let avery shop close its doors. Let every community strike a blow
tor t Freedom, Let us declare freedom of novemént throughout our Land and set
iside a day on which we burn our badges of slavery, the passes. We have
already fought the regime to sound a retreat on the old style dompass. tow
let us ‘resist all other attempts by Botha to.wleny us free access to any part
of our united South Africa, wherhor by means -of new identity Jocunents,
Bantustans, resettlement camps, group areas or other racist devices

Let 9 August, the 30th annivers. ary of the women! s heroic march on Pretori in, be
a day on which the whole nation moves with our women in the march towards .
freedom. an Lue 5

Let us, in action, reassert our coumon citizenship in one united South Africa.
Let us mobilize erywhere to. smash the Bantustans and to isolate the puppets
to continue to collaborate with aparthe id. The few Bantustan of fied bearers
who are aligning themselyes with the democratic movement are showing the real
way forward. Let us hamer more nails into the coffin of the tricameral so-
called parliament... Let those who continue to serve Pretoria as a so-called
representatives of out colored and tndian people withdraw from these bodies or
be made to feel the wrath of the people. Let us intensify our armed
activities at four levels. .,, Sage ates

More and more contingents of our people must be armed. Efforts aust be’
vedoubled to obtain arms from the on aay and from any other source. Let us
influence our people. in uniform to surtender their arms to the people's
representatives. fe must multiply the: formation of People's Defonse militia
everywhere s0 as to mect more offectively the assault by the enemy's armed
forces and treacherous vigilantes and [word indistinct] which they eaploy.
Our people's Army sire ngthened by the emerging popular militia must intensify
and spread its armed [word indistinct] across the country. Let us [words
indistinct] our undergound organization and emerge From every campaign with
more powerful and united contingents of organized mass forees. Let us do all
in our power to strengthen the unity of che workers and encourage their
membership into Cosatu of all those who [words indistinct] outside.

Brothers, let us stand in wity.° Let us strike with one stick. Every action,
whether local, regional or national [words indistinct]. verywhere move ia an
organized way together, black massses, colored people, must continue to find
ways of engaging the enemy [passage indistinct].

Compatriots: We have reached the point of no return [words indistinct] easure
the collapse of the apartheid system hive taken shape in guerrilla measure
than ever before in our history. Sut much ueeds to be dome to destroy it once
and for all. ¥reedom [words indistinct] stands before us demanding that there
is [words indistinct] sacrifice and we prepare with a light slow limps in che
coming battle to win back our land and to end the 350 years of reign of
plunder, oppression and exploitation. Workers and youth, town people and
country people, all the [words indistinct] and the oppressed, [passage
indistinct]. to people's power. .

712913
cso: 3400/1963

53



So far Finland has decided to invest approximately 55 million markkas in the
project. Twelve million are a gift. Mozambique is investing about 48 million
markkas. Up until now, Finnish money has been used: in this way: nearly all the
money goes into supplies obtained from Finland, into wage costs, and into other
"homeward" items. :

Machines for crushing stone and making concrete and other equipment acquired
from Finland will remain in Mozambique when the project ends. The high-quality
barracks built as lodgings for the Finns and the warehouse erected nearby will
also stay with the machinery.

The usefulness of the small harbor area already completed is apparent. The new
area can be used right now for containership traffic, says project leader
Ruuskanen, smiling on the bench of the delightful sauna in the Finnish camp.
Outside, the autumn evening in northern Mozambique has cooled all the way down
to 20 degrees centigrade.

The Nacala harbor is considered one of the best on the east coast of Africa.
Nature has been generous: it has hollowed out beforehand a long and swampy bay
bottom which up to the shore remains 15 meters deep without dredging.

The harbor was originally founded by Portuguese landlords. The old structures
were firmly designed and built, but a flat-bottomed terminal which handles
merchandise rapidly is needed for modern containership traffic, says Ruuskanen.

Continuation Hoped For

The Nacala harbor and the railway which runs..from it to the inland and to Malawi
are Mozambique's most important foreign-aid projects together with the so-called
Beira harbor and corridor, which goes to Zimbabwe, says S. Bath. Director of the
Road and Waterway Construction Administration, he is responsible for the Nacala
project from Mozambique's end. He assures us Mozambique is satisfied with the
way work has progressed at Nacala.

He says the harbor and the railway will be finished at the same time despite the

delays. After all, no one would rejoice over the containerport if there were no

railway, nor would anyone take delight in the railway if there were no container-
port. At any rate, Bath hopes that Finland will participate in the project even

after the allocated funds have been used up.

Bath would like Finland to continue the project by taking part in expanding the
harbor, in reorganizing harbor administration, and especially in training
Mozambican. personnel so that the harbor will quickly be able to handle an
estimated 40,000 containers a year. 1

There has already been some training, but it has remained rather insignificant
in practice. According to Finnish experts, only on paper have people been
trained to operate the finished harbor, even though the durability or stability
of what is to be constructed will depend precisely on training.

15



JPRS«ssangg
06.
1 July i996 °°

Deputy Minister Defends Bill
MB101948 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1846 GMT 10 Jun 86

[Text/ House of Delegates, 10 Jun, SAPA--The Group Areas Act would definitely
not be used to enforce influx control in future, the deputy minister of con—
stitutional development and planning, Mr Piet Badenhorst, said in the house

today.

Replying to the second reading debate on the abolition of influx control bill,
he said the bill could be regarded as one of the most important ever before
Parliament.

Responding to points raised by Mr Salaam Abram-Mayet (NPP {National People's
Party/ Nominated), he said he could give the assurance that the Group Areas
Act would not be used to enforce influx control.

"It is not suitable for that--it was never part of the system of influx control."

While conceding that many people had suffered hardship at the hands of law
enforcers, he said this should be balanced against the fact that officials
were "just human beings of flesh‘and blood."=  “' *

There had been human suffering but the government was on the road to applying
“humanity” in South Africa. i fo

Referring to remarks by Mr Somaroo Pachai, who said he saw the light at the end
of the tunnel, Mr Badenhorst said the government was awaiting the report of
the President's council on the Group Areas Act.

"I hope it is true that Mr Pachai sees the light at the end of the tunnel and
not the lights of an oncoming car."

Mr Badenhorst concluded by saying that it was the policy of the government to
remove all discrimination based on race or colour. . ‘

"We have embarked on the road. Let us move forward with trust and faith in
this beautiful country of South Africa," he said.

/12228
CSO: 3400/1966

44



JPRS~SSA~86~068
1 suly 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

VAN DER MERWE ON INFLUX CONTROL--House of Assembly, 9 Jun, SAPA--The abolition
of influx control bill was a "definite step" on the road that black Africa had
followed to disaster, Mr Koos van der Merwe (CP /Conservative Party/ Jeppe)
said_today. Opposing the second reading of the bill, he said it appeared the
NP /National Party/ aimed to destroy South Africa. The country was bankrupt,
the safety of ordinary citizens was no longer guaranteed and overseas pressure
was growing. The bill was another step closer to chaos, he said. The NP was
bound to the manifesto it had presented to, the voters in the 1981 election.
This manifesto had stated that influx control would remain and the government
thus had no mandate to abolish it. If it did so, the step would be unconsti-

tutional, Mr van der Merwe said. [text / /Johannesburg SAPA in English 1719 GMT

9 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

MINING COMPANIES URGED TO HELP BLACKS--House of Assembly, 6 Jun, SAPA--Mining
companies should do more to employ-local blacks and. provide housing for them,

Mr Sakkie Blanche (NP /National Party/ Boksburg) said today. Speaking during
the mineral and energy affairs budget vote debate, he said the mine in his home
town had, over 80 years, employed only about 3 percent of its black work force
locally. Virtually no cloureds had been taken on, although there was a coloured
township "across the road" from the mine. Mining companies could not argue that
local blacks did not want to work underground as there were many jobs available
above ground. With unemployment at its present high levels, he could not
understand why mines continue to recruit labour heavily in_Mozambique and Malawi.
/Text/ /Johannesburg SAPA in English 1554 GMT 6 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

SEPARATE STATUS FOR EASTERN CAPE URGED--East London, 6 Jun, SAPA--The broader
eastern Cape should be developed into a separate province, the National Party
/NP/ MP for East London city, Mr de Pontes, told a senior rapporters meeting

in East London today. In the separate province, two development regions should
be differentiated, with East London and Port Elizabeth as the respective admin-
istrative centres, he said. He said the border region had an added unique
feature of being surrounded by two independent states. It was necessary that

an administrator be appointed to each region in order to shift decisionmaking

to the area itself and to localise cooperation with Ciskel and possibly Transkei.
"A revolution of power to our people and resulting speedy decisionmaking should
assist in faster development in the industry. "Proposals have been made and
discussed with the relevant minister," Mr de Pontes said. He said the time

had arrived for local initiatives in this context to_be expedited and coordinated
so that an own solution could be strived for. [Text/ /Johannesburg SAPA in

English 2153 GMT 6 Jun 86 MB/ 12228

CSO: 3400/1966
48



"We affirm the call on our ministers throughout the land to open their
churches for services on June 16 and to minister to all people in a situa-
tion of tension and conflict," the statement said.

The churches said they were appalled at the rapidly deteriorating situation
in Crossroads and surrounding areas.

They were also appalled at the alleged collusion between the security forces
and the "witdoeke" [white scarves] faction in the conflict.

"If these allegations prove true, this constitutes a grave abuse of the
powers and functions of the police in maintaining law and order," the
statement said.

They called for the immediate withdrawal of SA Defence Force personnel from
Crossroads and that the SAP put a stop to the "witdoeke" attacks on squatters
and refugees.

/6091
cso: 3400/1980



/12828

cso:

Doe's mandate, about
250 agricultural gra-
duates will be employ-
ed to farming on
a. large scale while
small and medium farms
development will be
encouraged.

"The people are no
loriger interested in
government farming,"
he said, adding that
the present method of
approach to the Green

Revolution is widely
accepted.
On the issue of

where a green eropcan
be grown jin Liberia
he said, the lack of
a soil’ map has made
it difficult to deter-
mine where rice or ed-
does could be grown.

It .will cost $2m to
Produce a soil map,
which requires about

3400/1948

10

seven years.

Qn’. the difficulty
of farmers *. ‘getting
loans from the agri-
cultural bank, Minis-"
ter Toweh natéd that
honesty and sincerity
were lacking among. Li-
berians. Farmers are
Said to -be owing ACDB
$9m, while other loans
stand at $2.7m.

The failure of bor-
rowers to repay creates
an embarrdssing situa-
tion for the bank and
‘customers, he noted.



--On & January 1986, we called upon the nation to attack, advance, and give
the enemy no quarter. These calls have been answered with increasing ‘and
dramatic vigor.

The seeds of people's power are beginning to germinate and spread their roots.
People's comaittees, street committees and comrade's committees are cierging
on a growing scale as popular organs in the face of the collapse of the racist
stooge administration. People's corps, people's defense militia and other
popular organs of justice are, in many cases, challenging the legitimacy of
the racist machinery of so-called justice [words indistince] forces of
repression. Our organized working class have created a mighty new trade union
federation, COSATU, and has demonstrated its strength in its two million
strong May Day strike. The schools and universities continue to be simnering
flashpoints of [words indistinct] because I say to you, the youth stands
poised to strike organized [words indistinct] and reinforce its surge towards
that free South Africa. The fires which have been raging in our cities for |
the past two years are spreading to more and mote areas of the countr
[Words indistinct] and the bantustans are demonstrating their anger against
[words indistinct]. ‘

The terror unleased on the people by the racist army and police in the black
ghettos has totally failed to destroy their will to resist. Instead, under
the leadership and inspiration of the people's army, Umkhonto we Sizwe, new
ways are continuously devised to deal with the enemy's con tricks. ‘The vee
autonatic gunfire is no longer always one-sided. The racist army and police
are noy also falling wuder a hall of bullets. Modern weapons are beginning to
replace the old [words indistinct]. Mass communitics in the cities and on the
front are also beginning to experience the unavoidable consequences of armed
struggle. ‘The power of the black consumer boycott has been. dramatically
demonstrated in a number of areas. ‘The refusal by the people to pay house’
rent is a threat, and the authorities are powerless to enforce payments of the
massive accumulated arrears.

Division and disarray are growing today more acute within the enemy camp as
white business fcels the pinch of international isolation while Botha
increasingly exposes his inability to stem the tide of the people's
jiberation. ‘This is leading to a rising toll of desertion from the previously
monolithic white wass. In increasing numbers, the man's white community
[passage indistinct] these impressive attributes must become the launching
pads for further advantage.

‘The second half of 1986 must see an even greater escalation of the offensive
on all fronts. An offensive based on mass resistance, on an intensified armed
struggle and on a growing [words indistinct]. More particularly, let us, in
an organised way, spread a mood of total civil disobedience, including an ‘
organized campaign leading to nationwide refusal to pay all taxes and rents.

Let us wake the national general strike call in observance of the loth
anniversary of 16 June the mightiest demonstration yet of our people's resolve
to bring the ruling class to its kuees. Let every mine, factory, farm and
white home be without labor. Let every university and school. be emptied of

52



NPP's Pachai Views End of Pass Laws
Labor's Wentworth Sees 'Giant Step'

Police Action Against Cape Town Protest Reported
(SAPA, 10 Jun 86) ..cseccscccesccncceecceuscecccceccucceuce

PFP Members Call for Crossroads Inquiry
(SAPA, 10 Jun 86) Donec eee neces ewes erent eee eneseneeeees

Ministers Questioned on Pietersburg Meeting Disruption
(SAPA, 10 Jun 86) .isscccccecccceccececccceucescecevcecenes

SACC Leaders Express Concern.on Security Bills, Crossroads
(SAPA, 11 Jun 86) ..cceccecevcececcvccvcecce

PFP's Suzman Charges Police Aid Crossroads Vigilantes |
(SAPA, 11 Jun 86) ...

Eglin Describes Country as 'Police State' After Emergency
(SAPA, 13 Jun 86) ..ccecceccceucenccucccvccccscuscencerercs

PFP's Dalling Cites 'Evidence' of Police Brutality
(SAPA, 11 Jun 86) Dennen nee ence e eee nee n ence ence eeseeeees

Groups React to Restrictions on Media
(SAPA, 12, 13 Jun 86) ..eccccceeecccccccccccccccccecceccee

Journalists Society Condemns Measures
MWASA Cites Government 'Intransigence'

BUSINESS DAY Editor Views Report on Reform
(Hugh Pricey-Jones; BBC World Service, 9 Jun 86) ..

NUM's Ramaphosa, Oppenheimer Exchange Views on Press
(SAPA, 9 Jun 86) .......ceeeeeeeeece

Church Groups React to Internal Security Bill
(SAPA, 6, 11 Jun 86) ..

Methodist Group Condemns Bills
Anglican Council To Disobey New Laws

'Network' Program Discusses Violence at Wits University
(Karl Tober Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,
3 Jun 86) .eeee cece ccc ece cee ceccecececeeeneces

Project Free Enterprise Report Discussed
(Chris Ball, et al.; Johannesburg Television Service,
10 Jun 86) ...ccceecee ce eeeee eee eee eee e eee reeeeeereeeee

69
69

70

72

75

76

78

79

81

83

83

83

85

87

90

90
91

92

96


IJPRS«SSA*86*068
1 July 1986

Mr Olivier réplied the government's responsibility did not extend to such
people, but for the people of South Africa.

NPP's Pachai Views End of Pass Laws
MB101816 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1814 GNT 10 Jun 86

[ext] House of Delegates, 10 June, SAPA--The repeal of pass laws could case
the plight of blacks, but it would still take a long time for the “decades of
bitteruess" they hud caused to disappear, Mr Somaroo Pachai (NPP [National
People's Party] Natal Midlands) said today.

Speaking in the second reading debate on the abolition of Influx Control
Amendment Bill, he said with influx control now on the way out, the government
must start taking steps to repeal the group areas act.

Mr Pachai said Indian MP's ended the first term in parliament last year with
"little or nothing to crow about.": But this. year, with influx control and
pass laws about to be scrapped, they would return to their electoral divisions

with a sense of satisfaction" that reform was taking shape.

"We arc glad we can now see the light at the end of ‘the long tunnel to justify
our participation in parliament,” he said.

Also speaking in the debate, Mr Salaam Abram-Mayet (NPP Nominated) said he had
at |first suspected “hidden catches" in the, governments move to abolish influx
control, but was now satisfied there were none. "There are no hidden flaws
either,” he lsaid.

at

Labor's Wentworth Sces-'Giant.Step'

i . te, ,

4B101943 Johanncsburg SAPA in English 1916 GMT 10 Jun 86
i :

[text] Nouse of Representatives, 10 June, SAPA--The full impact of the
scrapping of influx control hed not yet been felt because it affected many
acts, Mr Tommy Abrahams (LP [Lebor Party] Wentworth). said today. Speaking
during the debate on the Abolition of Influx Control Bill he said it was a
small step for the present parliament to take but a giant step in civil
rights.

the “dompas" [passbooks] had disappeared and instead there was a common
identity document for all which had its spin-off in the citizenship Rights
Bill. <The provision of vast pieces of land in urban areas was necessary to
meet ithe needs of people moving to the cities.’ This needed to be "jacked up
and speeded up," he said.

‘hore were more than one million people squatting around Durban and’ ample
provision necded to be made for land requirements.

/12913 . |
cso: 3400/1957

—>



JPRS-SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

'UNPRODUCTIVE CITIZENS' TO BE SENT TO RURAL SECTOR
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 3 May 86 p 24
[Article by Augusto de Carvalho]

[Text] Maputo--Following the government reorganization last week and the
changes introduced in the structure of the Political Bureau of the FRELIMO,
major shifts in Mozambican society, in the capital of the country above all,
are expected.

The first measures which will have a heavy impact were announced by President
Samora Machel at the gathering held in honor of 1 May, when he said that there
are more than 200,000 unemployed persons in the city of Maputo alone. In the
opinion of President Machel, all of these people are engaging in graft in
order to survive, thus contributing to the aggravation of the already
difficult conditions of life for the workers.

Machel further announced the launching of a project called Operation
Production, the purpose of which will be to move unproductive citizens to farm
development projects located in the provinces of Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane.

"They will not go to Niassa this time,” the Mozambican leader said, referring
to a noted campaign initiated in 1983 which, in the view of many, had negative
results, both in terms of the methods used and the lack of staffing for the
people transferred to the northern part of the country to engage in productive
activities. To some extent abandoned to their fate, many of them perished, in
the end, while others lived a marginal existence or even engaged in rebellion
against the Mozambican state.

Figures in our possession indicate that of the some 13,500 people sent to the
province of Niassa on a compulsory basis at that time, only about 6,000
succeeded in finding even a minimal framework allowing them to lead normal
lives.

Samora Machel says now that there was no need to send people to the rich
province of Niassa, which is regarded as the granary of Mozambique but where
the people are currently experiencing a shortage of basic products, such.as
primary foodstuffs, soap, gasoline, etc.

24



UWUSA PRESIDENT ISSUES STERN WARNING ON WORKER EXPLOITATION

Durban POST NATAL in English 21-24 May 86 p 8

[article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text]

THE president of the

United Workers’ Union of
South Africa has issued “a
tery stern and serious
warning” to all employers
and management that it
would hot allow its mem-
bers to be exploited,

Ndlovu said this week while
the Union stood for a free
system and be-
lieved a strong and vibrant
economy held the key to
freedom and liberation, it
would not allow its members
to be exploited under the
free enterprise system.

This is the first major
policy statement from the
fledgling union launched in
opposition to the giant Con-
gress of South African
‘Trade Unions at a massive
rally at Durban's King's
Park Stadium on May 1 by
Inkatha leader Chief Man-
gosutht Buthelezi. .

At the launch, Uwusa
leaders committed the union
to “free enterprise” and op-
posed disinvestment.

“Uwuasa will not allow
poor or weak management
to be used as an excuse for
retrenchment or for workers
to be paid below accepted
levels,” Mr Ndlovu said.

“Uwusa is committed to
representing all workers to
ensure they are justly
rewarded for their efforts

/12828
cso:

3400/1936

and their meaningful contri-
bution to the economy of
this country.”

Mr Ndlovu said Uwusa
was formed in response to
an’ overwhelming demand”
by workers in South Africa
for “help in fighting off the
negative effects of political
interference”. 7

“Uwusa's primary objec-
tive is, and will remain, to
help organise, form, and
support industry-based
trade unions throughout the
country in order that they
can concentrate, free from
political intimidation, on the
basic and vital labour af-
fairs of their members.

“We represent a union
whose objective is to work
for and on behalf of the
workers in South Africa —
to end the exploitation of
the worker and to improve
the quality of life.”

Mr Ndlovu admitted
there was concern among
workers and employers that
violence would mark the
formation of Uwusa and the

recruitment of members.

“Uwusa is prepared to
answer all allegations of
violence. We have the in-
frastructure and discipl
ary procedures to thorough-
ly investigate any incident.

“We pledge to work with
all unions, employers, and
other authorities in estab-
lishing facts and truth
behind allegations of
violence.”

67

He said Uwusa was com-
mitted to a “non-violent and
negotiated freedom".

“The fact that we were
able to bring 80.000 people
together for the launch in
Durban, in a unified atmo-
sphere of determination to
succeed, and recorded one
of the biggest gatherings
ever of workers without a
single incident, is a hall-
mark of our commitment.”

Mr Ndlovu said Uwusa
was fully committed to serv-
ing the best interests of all
workers, and “in order to do
this, we will recruit and em-
ploy the best consultancy

services available here”.

“If within our executive
and among our various
union affiliates we do not
have the expertise required
to serve our members, then
we will recruit or train to
provide the best profession-
als available.”

Mr Nadloyu said the mem-
bership drive and the re-
quests for membership of
the union since May Day
had been “overwhelming”.

“The response has been
so great throughout Natal
and the Transvaal our re-
sources are being stretched

* to the limit.

“We are paying great and
urgent attention to this as-
pect and will soon be able to
accommodate the thousands
of inquiries we are receiving
from individuals and many
major unions.”

JPRS~SSA~86-068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Ndlovu said Uwusa,
in terms of its founding,

+ should now be regarded as a

general union.

“Under our constitution,
we are also identified as a
general union with the facil-
ity to set up separate affil
atts with various industries
and so to evolve to become a
federation.

“Uwusa will be registered
as a general union under the
Labour Relations Act of
South Africa and will
exploit all the fac
available to us under the act
and the Industrial Court.”



actions to prevent a bloodbath. The Commonwealth leaders will have to decide
when they meet at their mini-summit there in London in August.

Peter Snow asked one of them, President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, for his
reaction to the EPG's findings.

[Begin recording] [Kaunda] I am delighted at the turn of these events
insofar as what I have heard the EPG has done. What I heard is that. they
are saying to us there is no way in which the South African authorities can
change for the better in good time and that sanctions will have to be applied
to force them to do that.

[Snow] Mr President, I understand that they don't actually talk about sanc-
tions, but they talk about the need for concerted action and further measures

against South Africa. Is that enough for you?

[Kaunda] Well, further measures to me can only mean sanctions, that is
following up on the limited sanctions that we applied when we were in the
Bahamas. That is how I interpret that. The situation in South Africa is
getting out of control. Someone somewhere has to do something about this
whole situation, and I can think of no better group of nations than the
Commonwealth to provide the correct leadership.

[Snow] Now what are you proposing to do, Mr President, if Mrs Thatcher
doesn't change her line about the effectiveness of sanctions? At the moment
she appears still committed against sanctions.

[Kaunda] Well, I would have to recommend to my central committee to con-
sider directly leaving the Commonwealth. When I said that I received many
touching messages from. my colleagues, heads of state and government in the
Commonwealth, advising very strongly against my making that recommendation
to my central committee and I agréed that I would do nothing of the sort

until we meet early in August in London. It is after that conference that
I will decide whether or not to go ahead and make my recommendations to my
ruling body, the central committee of the ruling party in Zambia. [end

recording]

/6091
CSO: 3400/1980

60



JPRS«SSA~86+068
1 July 1986

New track winds its way up the high plateau at a daily rate of just under a kilo-
meter, Work has advanced to within 10 kilometers of Nacala.

One of the smooth-capped granite hills which typically dot the horizon in this
region has already tottered: it was lowered more than 10 meters by blasting
and pounded into a foundation for track.

Goal Is Self-Sufficiency

In light of Mozambique's critical situation with regard to the production and
distribution of food, there has been an attempt to make the "Nordic aid brigade,"
to which the Finns who work on the Nacala port project belong, self-sufficient.
The several-hundred-hectare cotton farm Fundia, abandoned by the Portuguese on
the outskirts of Namialo, has recently been converted into a food-producing unit.

The sunflower fields sparkle. Nearby, hardy beans push up out of the reddish
black earth. This region has not suffered from the drought which strangles
parts of Mozambique farther south. The rainy season that is blessed here has
just ended. The cane-walled storehouses are almost filled with corn.

This is the most important region in Mozambique for growing caju nuts. The
cupola-crowned trees transplanted here from Brazil in bygone days by the Portuguese
have covered the ground with thick forests. Extraordinary fruit the size of a fist
from whose succulent belly the actual nut dangles can be picked by hand.

Since security improved, more people have moved to the region where the track
is being laid. The region is densely dotted with clusters of the square, thatched,
clay houses typical here.

The production of caju nuts, so important to Mozambique, is said to have doubled
here to nearly 20,000 tons in a couple of years. The railroad is also important
for transporting harvests of cotton and caju nuts. But more than anything else
Mozambique expects to make a profit when Malawi starts to ship its products
after the track is completely laid.

The goal will be dimly visible 2 years from now if Mozambique receives the
funding it hopes for from France, Portugal, and Canada. All in all, roughly
a billion markkas would be enough.

Agriculture Disrupted by Fighting
/

Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT in Finnish 22 May 86 p 25

{Article by Heikki Alli: "Guerrilla Terror Focuses on Agriculture in Mozambique:
Foodstuff Production Is Safest in Verdant Zones Surrounding Population Centers"]

[Text] Maputo--In bowls made of tin, the women of the farm pound hulled corn
into mush beneath the cool and thin-trunked eucalyptus tree. The hulled grain
is immediately tossed into a barrel-sized kettle for baking: all the workers
on the machamba, or farm, will eat it for lunch.

17



Table 6. Unit Generation Costs for Mini/Small Hydro Power Plants
p——____
int ‘Capacity Unit Cost B/C Ratio IRR
ane iw $/kWh (FY) . me

Luiche ‘S*wanga 3,000 0.39 (83) 0.5 6.5

Lupilo Songes 1,400 0:29 (82) 30 40.0

Malagarasi Kigoma 7,600 0.11 (83) 15 16.6

Sunda Falls —1 |  Tunduru 3,000 0.37 (82) 23 28.5
! =2 | Tunduru 1,540 0.43 (82) 20 24.0

‘Source: TANESCO, Dar es Salaam, TANZANIA.

* Based on comparison with diesel generation.

The consequences of all these cons-
traints are that, though many mini hydro
sites have been identified, few have been
appraised to feasibility study level, and
very few are under construction.

INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS

Although techno-economic and fiscal is-
Sues pose the main bottlenecks to MHD in
Tanzania, it appears that there are a few
institutional issues. Due to limited infor-
mation flow between the utility and the
public, some individuals think that rural
electrification is slow. Hence, their sugges-
tions include the creation of a rural elec-
tric utility (TARECO), or creation of a Di-
rectorate of Rural Electrification within
TANESCO or the Ministry of Energy and
Minerals, to deal with rural electrification,
as is the case of rural water supply with
the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Ur-
ban Development.

Most of the suggested options appear
Not to be gaining much acceptance among
the decision-makers. This is partly due to
fear of bureaucratizing rural electrifica-
tion, financial problems which may ensue,
and limited availability of trained person-
nel to man an over-extended organization.
Instead, it is thought that strengthening of
TANESCO’s Directorate of Planning may
be justified. Also, it may be worthwhile to
investigate whether TANESCO’s planning
staff are motivated to do their jobs.

With respect to transfer of technology,
Tanzania appears to have been fortunate.
Training of Tanzanians on various aspects
of MHD has been provided by many deve-
loped countries, including Norway, Swe-
den, Denmark, USA, Canada, Britain,
and West Germany. The issue now is how
these trained cadres can put into Practice
whatever they learnt abroad. They seem to

require on-the-job training on how to
practically plan, design, construct and
operate the facilities. This view implies
that overseas assistance in provi-
sion/preparation of design and planning
guidelines, fabrication manuals and
workshops for electromechanic equipment,
construction gear etc., may be necessary.

Uwemba mini hydro scheme in South-
ern Tanzania can serve as an illumina-
ting example!3. In this scheme, designs go
along with construction work so as to

speed up MHD projects. The consulting
company has seconded its design engineer
to TANESCO head office for supportive
work to those participating in construction
work. Local staff participate fully in the
scheme’s implementation. Unfortunately,
it is too early to document in earnest the
successes of this venture.

CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS

The major findings of this study indi-
cate that MHD is not so easy as laymen
would tend to think. It appears that there
are many techno-economic constraints
which need redress. In view of the'above,
the following can be recommended for
Tanzania:

1. Creation of a well-comprised team of
local MHD and rural electrification ex-
perts at TANESCO, to do the following:

8) prepare the minimum engineering stan-
dards for design, operation, and energy man-
agement of rural electric systems;

b) prepare guidelines for project evaluation;

©) based on a and b above, review all the pre-
vious rural electrification studies, and prepare a
rural master plan;

4d) based on c above, prepare a rural electrifi-
cation policy; and

) prepare an organizational set-up to imple-
ment a rural electrification programme.

34


JPRS*SSA+86+068
1 July 1986

“SOUTIC AFRICA

UD? SECRETARY ADDRESSES 'UNDAN ANC' CAMPAIGN MEETING
HB101938 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1933 GMT 10 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 10 June, SAPA--The African National Congress's only
reward for half a century's patience, perserverence and peaceful struggle for
the rights of black people was to be banned, a meeting to launch a campaign
for the unbanning of the ANC was told in Johannesburg today.

lir Murphy Morobe, national publicity secretary of the United Democratic Front
{UDF], told the meeting that from the time it was formed in 1912, to the time
it was outlawed in 1960, the ANC had conducted a peaceful and non-violent
struggle against injustice and oppression.

‘the "Unban the ANC" campaign has been Launched by the UDF and today the
campaign was supported by several organisations, among them the Congress of SA
Trade Unions [COSATU], the National Union of 3A Students (NUSAS), the Black
Sash, the Transvaal Indian Congress (‘f1C), the Johannesburg Democratic Action
Committee (JODAC), the National African Federated Chambers of Commerce

(HCFCOC).

Speakers representing the organisations said the ANC enjoyed the support of
the majority of people in South Africa and there could be no solution to the
problems facing the country without the ANC being involved in moves towards
solving those problems.

Mr Morobe said the ANC had resorted to the armed struggle “not because it
cherished the loss of life or the destruction of property, but having
exhausted peaceful and constitutional methods of struggle, it felt that
retaliatory violence against the violence of apartheid was a liable option for
realising the aspirations of the people.”

A representative for NUSAS said that the recent talks the organisation had
with the ANC given by the government.

The picture they had found was that the organisation was striving for a just
and democratic society in the country.

A speaker from JODAC appealed for a rethink among whites about: the ANC.

54



The area of greatest distress extends from the Zambezi River in central Mozambique
southward to the edge of Maputo province and into the provinces of Inhambane and
Gaza.

Emergency Aid From European Community and United States

Most of the food aid comes from the United States and the European Community.
The U.S. foreign-aid agency works in close cooperation with the emergency-relief
institute of the Mozambican government.

A U.S. official who administers foreign aid--he seems quite familiar with
Mozambican affairs--praises the Mozambican government for its cooperation and
openness. He does not want his name mentioned and promptly points out that the
willingness of "revolutionary Mozambique” to cooperate cannot be interpreted as
a policy shift to the right or the left.

The American does not agree with the UN view that Mozambique is currently the
Most troublesome target of emergency relief in Africa. He nevertheless admits
that here the effects of war and destitution are perhaps more intricately
interwoven than anywhere else in Africa.

Carlos Cardoso, the knowledgeable and smooth-spoken director of the Mozambican
news agency AIM, seems to be of the same opinion. "Our policy is to seek a
balance between major interests," he says succinctly. "We know who's ‘trying

to undermine us, but we're attempting to preserve as much of our revolution

as we can," says Cardoso. Referring to himself, he goes on to demand continuous
disclosure of the errors that have been made on independent Mozambique's bumpy
road.

It seems quite clear that the situation in Mozambique cannot improve until

a decisive change takes place in the Republic of South Africa, its neighbor.
The outlook for the future is summed up by a Swedish diplomat who has closely
followed this country's development: :

"It's no secret to anyone that the overthrow of the Mozambican government is
possible only with South Africa's future help, whether it is knowingly provided
by the South African government or whether it is delivered through channels
organized by Portuguese who live in South Africa."

12327
CSO: 3617/142

20



JPRS*SSA-86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NUM'S RAMAPHOSA, OPPENHEIMER EXCHANGE VIEWS ON PRESS
MB100652 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2149 GMT 9 Jun 86

/Text/ Johannesburg, 9 Jun, SAPA--Most South African journalists had become
active agents in the process of perpetrating disinformation and blatant propa-
ganda for the minority readers in the capitalist press, the general secretary
of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) said in Johannesburg tonight.

Mr Cyril Ramaphosa was speaking at the Market Theatre on the same platform as
mining magnate Mr Harry Oppenheimer on the occasion of the first anniversary of
THE WEEKLY MAIL.

It was the first time that the trade unionist and the semiretired Mr Oppenheimer
have met.

Speaking on the role of the press in a changing South Africa, Mr Ramaphosa said
most jouranlists had become "active agents under the guise of peresenting both
sides of the story, deluding themselves that there is such a thing as total
objectivity."

In the present South African society, there were only two possible positions
to take--that of the status quo or that of opposing the status quo.

Journalists were not exempt from the inherent contradictions of the country,
Mr Ramaphosa added.

Mr Ramaphosa, as the first speaker, was introduced by coeditor of THE WEEKLY
MAIL, Anton Harber, and the singing of a socialist African Workers song by a
group of companions.

He responded to the singing by saying that although 2 years ago he would probably
have disregarded socialism, he now had to say it was an issue which had to be
taken "very seriously."

Speaking on THE WEEKLY MAIL--which was first published on 14 June 1985 by some
journalists retrenched from the now defunct RAND DAILY MATIL--Harber said the
sharing of the same platform by the two speakers was a sign of what the news—
paper stood for--an exchange of views.

87



JPRS*SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC INTIMIDATION CAMPAIGN IN SEKUKUNILAND AFFECTS BLACKS, WHITES —

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 14 May 86 p 16

[Text] White farms along the southeast border of Lebowa have turned into a dan-
ger zone overnight.

This has become clear from an investigation made by DIE AFRIKANER into the rap-
idly worsening security situation along the Steelpoort River. The present sit-
uation came to exist after all of Sekukuniland between the Steelpoort and Oli-
fant Rivers had been allowed to become a region of ANC bases.

Blacks who work in farmsteads along the Steelpoort River are subjected to an
almost unbelievable intimidation. In one case a young Black was forced to cut
his own father's throat. Trucks belonging to Whites have been destroyed in the
homeland, lynchings take place daily and the border fences, the cattle and crops
of farmers are regularly destroyed. They are also threatened daily with death
by means of pamphlets and messages. .

According to Mr Johan Wessels, a member of the local farmers’ action committee,
the farming community is in fact in a state of war. Members of commandos go on
patrols, schoolbuses are accompanied by armed guards and farm compounds are pro-
vided with high security fences. Except for the commando members’ weapons, the
farmers have to pay for everything themselves, which places an unbearable finan-
cial burden on some of them.

The farmers blame the government for their security situation. The soft gloves
the police have to wear when handling the ANC, as opposed to the brutal violence
with which the ANC forces its authority on the Blacks have made Blacks in farm
areas and elsewhere in the South African half of the Steelpoort Valley complete-
ly disloyal, says Mr Wessels.

One farmer's game-proof fence was vandalized in 34 places in a single night.
The ANG intimidation campaign has now spread to the Whites as well, and the ANC
now sells passes to Whites that cost 1 000 rands each, are valid for one year
and presumably give the holder the right to recruit workers in Sekukuniland.

So far only one farmer has bought such a pass, says Mr Wessels.

The bitterness among white farmers is steadily increasing. In order to appease

their pent-up emotions, their MP, Mr Pietie du Plessis, who is described as
“the most unpopular man" in his Lydenburg voting district, has visited the

41



Mr Dalling read from an affidavit by Mrs Rebecca Beea, 32, who said that on
April 23 this year, men in police uniforms had broken into her home in
Alexandra and assaulted her and her young children.

Mr Pilot Mashiane had alleged in an affidavit that his 15-year-old son had
been arrested by the police and assaulted so severely that he could no

longer walk or speak properly. He said he had only discovered that his son
had been detained a week later after seeing his name in THE STAR newspaper.

Mr Dalling read from an affidavit by an unidentified man who stated that a
tyre had been placed around his neck after he had been arrested while walk-
ing down the street.

He had been threatened with a rifle and had been set upon by a police dog.
Mr Dalling also read from an affidavit which had been presented in a court
case in the Eastern Cape in which a witness, Mr Fundisile Matshini, alleged

he had been assaulted. and had received what he thought were electric shocks
to his genitals.

/6091
cso: 3400/1980

82



[Pricey-Jones] So, we may get a declaration of a state of emergency rather
than the slow passage of the necessary legislation through parliament which,
of course, foreign powers would prefer the government to do?

[Sparks] Yes, indeed. I think that is certainly a possibility. I think
one has to realize too that South Africa doesn't need these new bills. It
has a formidable armory of security legislation as it is. It has got powers
of indefinite detention without trial. So, the new bills themselves are
part of the demonstration. They have been held up by the colored and Indian
members of parliament who themselves are very sensitive about passing this
legislation which would destroy their credibility, and this is embarrassing
the government because the far rightists are saying: You have a new consti-~
tution that you introduced 2 years ago and this has put non-whites in a
position to delay vital security legislation in time of crisis. Now, it is
really to offset that kind of embarrassing criticism that we now face the
prospect of a declaration of emergency.

[Pricéy-Jones] Now, you say the far right is influencing the government.
But have the far rightists any sort of policy other than getting tough?

It seems that things are going from bad to worse in the black community and
the South African Government doesn't seem interested in doing anything
about it. ‘

[Sparks] No, but there is a deep-seated reflex response there that when
blacks give trouble, get tough with them, and there seems to be a lack of
the kind of imagination that is required to break out of that mold and to
settle down to serious negotiations.

[Pricey-Jones] And what happens after that? Do negotiations follow or will
we in fact get worse violence?

[Sparks] I think we are going to see an escalation of violence because the
blacks are going to respond with greater violence from their part and that
escalation will continue. I believe that we will not get negotiation in
South Africa until South Africa is placed under tremendous pressure, both
by the internal violence and by external actions.

[Pricey-Jones] But if things go on much longer, there won't be enough
leadership in the black community for the whites to negotiate with.

[Sparks] The main leadership remains either in prison or in exile and one
of the reasons why the violence shows so many complicating dimensions of
black on black violence is that within the townships, there is a great deal
of factionalism.. There are many different groups and different leaders
clashing with each other as the tensions mount, but the basic leadership
that is respected by pretty well all of these people remains intact but
locked up or outside the country. [end recording]

[Pricey-Jones] The reports of the Commonwealth Eminent Persons Group [EPG]

on South Africa will be published very shortly now, and while it is not
expected to call for sanctions outright, it is expected to urge concerted

59



IJPRS+SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GROUPS REACT TO RESTRICTIONS ON MEDIA
Journalists Society Condemns Measures
MB121913 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1903 GMT 12 Jun 86 ©

[Text] Johannesburg, June 12, SAPA-~The Southern African Society of Jour-"
nalists [SASJ] today condemned the general state of emergency and deplored
the harsh restrictions announced against the press.

The public's right to know what is happening to our country at this vital
time has been throttled by this draconian banning of unrest coverage, said
the acting president Gwen Gill today in a statement.

The SASJ believes unreservedly in the free flow of information and urgently
calls on the government to reverse the measures announced so far and to
desist from further curbs on the press.

We also call for the release from detention of fellow trade unionists and
other detainees so there can be an exchange of information in this time of
crisis.

MWASA Cites Government ‘Intransigence'
MB130510 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0132 GMT 13 Jun 86
[Text] Johannesburg, June 12, SAPA--The Media Workers Association of South
Africa (MWASA) today said the government would have to bear the consequences
of the declaration of the state of emergency and the restrictions it imposed
on the media.
"Instead of correcting the wrongs in the country, the government has taken
action on people who want to correct those wrongs and has also muzzled the

people whose duty it is to expose these wrongs," said MWASA in a statement.

"MWASA condemns the imposition of the state of emergency, the arrest of
leaders and members of the community and these draconian restrictions on the

83



MINI HYDRO DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE DISCUSSED

Luanda SADCC ENERGY IV in English 1986 pp 28-32

[Article by Maneno J. Katyega]

[Text] :
Tho views expressed in this paper are those of the au-
thor and do not necessarily reflect the views of the
company for which he works.

Tanzania has a rapidly growing popula-
tion of approximately 22 million and is
considered a leading nation in Africa in
terms of its water resources. The country
has access to the waters of the three largest
lakes in Africa, namely Victoria, Tangan-
yika and Nyasa. It is part of the Afro-
Asiatic Rift Valley and has mountainous
terrain which includes the snow-capped
Mt. Kilimanjaro (Figure 1). There are rela-
tively favourable hydrological characteris-
tics in much of the country, with a number
of permanent and seasonal rivers. There-
fore Tanzania has ambitious rural deve-
lopment goals including rural water
supply, rural electrification and mass edu-
cation. Tanzania is also one of the major
recipients of economic aid in Africa in the
energy sector.

This paper aims to provide a perspective
on Tanzania’s experience in mini hydro
electric development. Major emphasis is
placed on the barriers development in the
country.

It is estimated that there are more than
75 mini hydro potential sites of up to
2 MW of installed capacity. Their total
potential capacity is about 35 MW. The
distribution of mini hydro resources is
such that 77% of the sites have potential
capacity of less than 1 MW, and 23%
have potential capacity of between 1 and
2 MW. The national mini hydro electric

generation inventory indicates that there
are more than 20 plants operating. Their
total installed capacity is about 4 MW,
established between 1908 and 1983.

The barriers affecting mini hydro deve-
lopment are techno-economic and institu-
tional. Techno-economic constraints ap-
pear quite proportionate. The main ones
are: 1) unavailability of a local team of ex-

perts to design, construct and fabricate

mini hydro equipment, 2) lack of enough
engineering information on the rural
areas, 3) low economic rates of return of-
fered by mini hydro schemes, 4) their ina-

bility to attract much funding, and 5) lack
of a rural energy policy. The study find-
ings indicate that institutional issues are
relatively few.

It is recommended that future techno-
economic and institutional barriers be ad-
dressed by creating a team of local experts
to carry out a rural electrification master-
plan and policy for the country.

BACKGROUND

The major socio-economic objectives of
mini hydro development (MHD) are view-
ed in terms of how locally available and
affordable renewable energy sources can
contribute to stimulating economic acti-
vity and raising rural living standards. Ma-
jor problems exist with respect to popula-
tion migration to the cities and environ-
mental hazards arising out of the fuel-
wood crisis when rural populations are not
provided with adequate alternatives. Thus
many of the objectives of MHD appear

28

JPRS,
i S. SSAng6

July 1996

TANZANIA

"068


/12828
cso:

achieved in our land."

Dr. Doe then said
that government's
constant appeal- and

willingness for dialo-
gue and reconciliation
“in the supreme in-
terest of this nation
should not be consi-
dered-a sign of weak-
ness."

The President obser-
ved that the recent
attitude on the part
of opposition party
leaders "would appear
to create some dif-
ficulties in good
faith" adding, "gov-
ernment . cannot cer-
tainly subscribe to
actions which  con-
tinually tend to un-
dermine the constitu-
tion of our nation."

3400/1948

Dr. Doe informed the
Legislators that fol-
lowing the May 5 meet-
ing of political par-
ties under the auspi-
ces of the Liberia
Council of Churches,
members led by Dr. Ed-
ward B. Kesselly,
withdrew their state-
ment read at the meet—
ing, and agreed that
said statement would
not be released to the
press.

"Regrettably, and
in violation of the
agreement reached, the
paper which was read
by Dr.’ Jabaru Carlon
and not Mr. Kpolleh as
reported by the media, *
was released to the
press," Dr. Doe said.


JPRS*SSA~86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIALS COMMENT ON ABOLITION OF INFLUX CONTROL BILL
NP MP Supports Legislation
MB091803 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1749 GMT 9 Jun 86

[Text/ House of Assembly, 9 Jun, SAPA--The independence of states like Transkei
and the Ciskei had not stopped their people from leaving their "free" countries
and moving to urban areas in South_Africa to look for work, even when it was

not available, Mr Val Volker (NP /National Party/ Klip River) said today.

Speaking in support of the second reading of the abolition of influx control
bill, he said it had been impossible to stop these people looking for work where
development was taking place and that this was one of the most important factors
which had made effective influx control impossible. .

The same principle applied to Mozambican refugees, who defied barbed wire and
wild animals of the Kruger’ National Park in their attempts to escape poverty
and hunger and head for developing areas to seek work.

This was a problem unique to South Africa because it had to cope with the full
implications of the First and Third Worlds.

Citing the example of South Africa providing work for hundreds of thousands of
citizens from Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, Mr Volker said there was inter-
national concern at the government's warning it would have to give priority to
employment for the republic's own people if sanctions were applied.

If it did not want to invest in South Africa, the Western world countries should
invest in the republic's neighbouring states to provide job opportunities there
so that South Africa could use its limited resources to provide employment for
its own people.

The debate was adjourned, after a division in which the Conservative Party and

Mr Louis Stofberg of the Herstigte Nationale Party /Reformed National Party/
objected, and priority was given to the next order of the day.

43



DOE REJECTS OPPOSITION PROPOSALS AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 16 May 86 pp 1, 5, 6

[Text]

The Liberian Govern-
ment has rejected as
unconstitutional, pro-
posals made by the op-
position leaders at a’
recent all-party con-
ference, prominent

among which were the
calls for fresh gene-
ral elections and the
setting up of a trans-
itional body styled
the "Provisional Coun-

cil of Administration
(PCA)."

, President Samuel
Kanyon Doe, who made
the disclosure yester—
day’ when he addressed
the National Legisla-
ture,. said the pro-
sposals were rejected
because they “tended
to contravene" the
constitution of Libe-’
rie. |”

The proposals were
made May 5 when Dr.
Doe, who is Standard

Bearer of the Ruling
National Democratic
Party of Liberia
(NDPL) met with
leaders of the Unity
Party (UP), the Libe-

ria Action Party (LAP)
and the Liberia Jnifi-
cation Party (LUP) to
discuss issues: of na-
tional doncern.
According to the Li-

“perian Leader, the op:

position parties also
proposed that the re-
‘elections be "observed
freely by local and
international agen=
eles, including the
Liberia Council of
Churches, the National
‘Bar Association, the
United Nations, amnesty
International, World
Council of Churches
and the International
Press | Institute.
_iDr. Doe said his po-
litical rivals recom-
mended that the provi-
sional Council of Ad-
ministration be the
“highest policy making
body of the nation"
‘and that its member-
ship, not to exceed
26, be selected on a
geographic basis by
the various political
parties and with the
miiitary acting joint-
ys:

President Doe fur-
ther said that in
their statement the

JPRS*SSA*86~068

1 July 1986

LIBERIA

opposition leaders
said the PCA leader-
ship, comprise a chair-
man, head of state,
president, principal
administrator, should
be elected by its mem-
bers.

Dr.. Doe told the
Legislators that
these: were matters,

which in his "govern-
ment's opinion, have
profound implications
for efforts to forge
ahead with the attain—
ment of the goals of
unity, reconciliation
and peace in this
country."

Dr. Doe then recall-
ed that following the
announcement of the
October 15, general
elections results, he
appealed to all poli-
tical parties who con-
tested ‘the elections
to join him in forming
a@ government. of na-
tional unity."

He said, “since
that time," government
"has exerted tremen- |
dous efforts and soun-
ded repeated calls to
all Liberians to en-
sure that peace and
reconciliation are



JPRS*SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

UGANDA

BRIEFS

SOVIET DOCTORS PRAISED--The minister of health and the Soviet Tekhno Eksport
Association have signed a new protocol to prolong for three years the term of
Soviet doctors in Uganda's hospitals. On behalf of the Uganda Government,
the permanent secretary in the Ministry of Health, Mr (Kimali), expressed
gratitude to the Soviet Government for its assistance in the field of medi-
cine. He said Uganda highly values the Soviet medical workers contribution
to the development of health services in the country. [Text] [Kampala
Domestic Service in English 1700 GMT 12. Jun 86 EA] /6091

cso: 3400/1975

37



Namialo's Sleepy Railroad Station Waits for Start of Train Traffic

Namialo--A mangy dog who, in the midday heat, has settled in the shadow of the
concrete platform sticky from old wagon grease is the only customer in the waiting
room of the deserted station. The 4-year-old timetable whispers that a passenger
train departs from Namialo in 5 minutes for the port city of Nacala. You don't
hear any train, you don't see any passengers. The stationman is nodding off.

The heavy leaves in the caju-nut forest that begins at the edge of the small town
and extends beyond the range of vision rest motionlessly. The midday rest hour
has vanished: it is only a blur.

The small town--or better yet, village--of Namialo awakened to new prosperity
a few years ago when work to improve Mozambique's second most important railway
began, first in the direction of Nacala, which is located just under 100 kilo-
meters from here, and later in the direction of Nampula, the center of Mozam-
bique's most densely populated province.

Tracks Stolen

There has been no actual traffic on the line to Malawi in many years, as "outlaws"
who seek to topple the Mozambican government stole kilometers of track. Even in
other respects Mozambique has had more than enough problems keeping the deteriorated
railway in operation.

A placard pasted on the wall of the Namialo station 2 years ago still promises
amnesty to the "outlaws." A serial cartoon advises the misguided individuals
to report to the proper authorities: "Save yourselves as long as you still can
now that your masters, too, are opposing war."

By masters is meant South Africa, which in the so-called Nkomati agreement it
reached with Mozambique more than 2 years ago promised to stop supporting the
so-called resistance movement and attempting to subvert the Mozambican government.

Maybe the yellowed placard still attests to the Mozambican government's then
prevailing credulity and straitened circumstances which led to the agreement.
Since that time, the subversive efforts have only intensified.

Protective Guards

But the security situation in northern Mozambique has improved. Soldiers and
semimilitary people's militiamen are seen everywhere alongside the repaired
railroad, although the most efficient guards remain, of course, under cover
farther off.

Sleepy Namialo perked up when more than a hundred Frenchmen and Portuguese. and
nearly a thousand Mozambicans started to lay track. Track which the Portuguese
originally laid with compulsory Mozambican labor is now being repaired in a
friendlier atmosphere of cooperation.

16



JPRS~SSA~86-068
1 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

RELATIONS WITH PORTUGAL REPORTED DETERIORATING
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 10 May 86 p 24
[Article by Augusto de Carvalho]

[Text] Maputo--The possible appointment of the Mozambican ambassador in Madrid
to head the Mozambican diplomatic mission in Lisbon is one evidence of the
deterioration which has come about in the relations between Mozambique and
Portugal. Samora Machel is also considering entrusting the Lisbon post to his
ambassador in Paris, as an alternative.

The delay in the resolution of the problem of establishing the Mozambican
embassy in Lisbon on the part of the Portuguese authorities is said to be the
result of this hesitation by Samora Machel.

“This is not a question of money,” Samora Machel said a few days ago during a
private talk of which we learned.

“It is a question of less importance to us,” he added.

This is said to be one of the reasons the Mozambican ambassador has been
absent from Lisbon for some time now. Joao Baptista Cosme will take office as
governor of the province of Cabo Delgado.

Samora Machel has said in confidence that he does not want to appoint an
ambassador to Lisbon too hastily.

The public statements of criticism involving his country have been multiplying
and they culminated in the adoption of a joint position at the Luanda summit
meeting by the five Portuguese-speaking countries.

The statement issued by the Portuguese government and published by EXPRESSO on
18 April is reported to have played a large part in the position adopted. The
statement said: "The representatives of the rebel movements in Angola and

Mozambique will be able to continue to engage in their propaganda work in
Portugal, provided they are of Portuguese nationality.”

Sources close to the office of the president had told EXPRESSO in Maputo that
they were confident that the action by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva would put

11



Briefs
Immigration, Emigration in March
Call for 16 June Paid Holiday
Racially Based Admission Opposed
Newcastle Residents Reject Rezoning
Report on Unrest
Firms Forced To Leave
East London Committee

ECONOMIC

/9986

Anglo-American Corporation's De Beer Discusses Sanctions
(BBC World Service, 11 Jun: 86) ...csceceeccccccccsccccceecs

Emergency, Foreign Reaction Leads to Fall in Value of Rand
(SAPA, 12 Jun 86) ..

Minister, Report Assess Effects of Unemployment
(SAPA, 10 Jun 86) .esccscscceccccceccncrcrrcesceeenneescees

‘Du Plessis Views Structural Unemployment
Report Sees 'Gloomy Future!

Naawu Shop Steward: Union Wants Swedish Company To Remain
(Peter Sandberg; DAGENS NYHETER, 7 May 86) ...eceesesereees

Businessman Views Sanctions, Dangers of Ignoring Politics
(SAPA, 9 Jun 86) ..cseccccecsccccccccenecs oo cccccccencece .

Briefs
Insolvencies Reported
Reserve Bank Reports Assets, Liabilities

100
100
100
101
101
102
102

103

105

106

106

106

108

110

112
112


According to the report, "the nature and scope of economic growth over the
next number of years will not be sufficient to accommodate a satisfactory or
adequate proportion of the new entrants to the labour market and, at the same
time, combat existing unemployment."

"Unemployment in South Africa in its various manifestations already poses a
serious problem and all indications are that it may even deteriorate in future."
The commission reports that registered unemployment during 1985 "increased

very sharply" among all population groups, but that coloured and Asian workers
were the worst affected.

Overall, the number of registered unemployed workers increased by 73 percent
between November 1984 and November 1985.

The chairman of the commission, Dr H.J.J. Reynders, says in his accompanying
remarks to the report, that a drop in the real earnings of workers during the
past year inhibited economic development and growth and led to tension in the
labour market. .

The worsening economic crisis had been accompanied by a dramatic increase in
the number of workers involved in strikes--240,000 in 1985 compared with 182,000
the previous year.

Although fewer strikes occurred, the number of "man-days" lost through work
stoppages increased from 379,000 in 1984 to 678,000 in 1985.

Most of the strikes were centered around wage issues.

/12228
CSO: 3400/1965

107



“These illegal actions
convince us that the mi-
nority regime has no in-
tention of peacefully re-
solving the crisis that
faces our country.

“It only convinces the
democratic majority in-
side South Africa that

this minority regime will :

continue to seck to main-
tain power through force
in a cycle of violence.

“Cosatu believes the la-
test raids show and con-
vince the sceptical West-
ern governments that
only an intensification of
pressure from their side
will move this Govern-
ment towards meeting
the demands of the
people.”

Support for the action,
predictably, came from

white right-wing

groupings.

The Conservative
Party, the HNP, and the
New Republic Party all

voiced their approval of ©

the strikes.

Adding his voice to
theirs was Labour Party
leader, the Reverend
Allan Hendrickse, who
said he could not criticise
the SADF action.

In a statement released
in Cape Town, he said he
regretted “the events

leading to the death of ~

people”.

/12828
CsO: 3400/1936

“However, circum-
stances as well as cause
and effect must be taken
into consideration.

“The discovery of large
arms,Caches and the
escalation of attacks on
individuals, homes, and
public. places demanded
that strong action be
taken. !

“Acts of terrorism pre-
venting a negotiated,
peaceftil settlement of
the country’s problems
cannot be tolerated.

“With this in mind, I
have no criticism of the
action of the SADF,” Mr
Hendrickse said.

66



JPRS*SSA-86~068
1 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES OF NIASSA PROVINCE REPORTED
Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 7 May 86 p 11

[Text] The 500,000 inhabitants in the Mozambican province of Niassa are
experiencing a state of chronic underdevelopment which threatens to continue
forever. “I have been working in Lichinga for almost 2 years and the only
thing. I have had to eat thus far is corn meal with beans or potatoes with
beans, without either oil or margarine or any other seasoning.” The man who
made this statement in the city of Lichinga is not an ordinary citizen, but a
provincial director.

"In June I will be free of all this, since I have obtained a transfer to
another province," he added.

Lichinga is the capital of Niassa, the Vila Cabral of the colonial era.

This province, the largest in area in Mozambique, has already been called the
granary of the country by President Samora Machel himself, so great is its
farm potential.

About 150 kilometers from Lichinga, the beginnings of a newcity, which has
been given the name Unango, will rise from the earth. This is the product of
a generous but Utopian concept. Its pioneers will be neglected citizens and
criminals sent there for a program of reeducation through work. They will be
the pillars of the new town and its leaders.

Operation Production

In 1983, about 13,500 people came to Niassa within the context of Operation
Production, but they were dispatched before proper care had been taken to
establish conditions for their accommodation and development.

Wrested away from their native towns, where they lived a parasitic life, they
found themselves in a vast forest without any idea what to do. Some died and
others continued to Live a marginal existence.

Some fled to join the RENAMO, while others, the majority, not even 6,000,

found work, but not the work which was initially viewed as the means of their
redemption.

21



IPRS*SSA-86-068
1 July 1986

LIBERIA

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONDEMNS GRAND COALITION STATEMENT

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 23 May 86 pp 1, 6

[Text] “infamous crimes" de- Coalition, the House
Members of the House signed purposely to would defer any action
of Representatives bring into disrepute against it or its con-

Wednesday met in ses-
sion to "consider" the
report of the House
Special Ad Hoc Commit-
tee set up recently
by Speaker Samuel D.
Hill to peruse the
"Statement on Reconci-
liation" published by
the self-styled Grand
,Coalition early this
month.

The statement which
appeared in local
newspapers, was the
subject of an address
to the National Legis-
lature in joint assem-—
bly last week by Pre-
sident Samuel K. Doe.

A Capitol release
issued here yesterday
said after lengthy de-
liberation on the re-
port, the body ob-
served that the so-~
called Grand Coali-
tion, in its state-
ment, "diabolically
and unscrupulously"
charged the Government
of Liberia of several

/12828
CSO: 3400/1938

the good image which
the present adminis-
tration has continued
to build. for itself
and for the country as
a whole.

The body, the re-
lease continued, then
took serious exception
to the false charges,
and agreed that the
self-styled Grand Coa-
lition's statement
is, in its entirety,
"violative both of the
Constitution and Sta-
tutory Laws of the Re-
public of Liberia."

The legislators
moreover agreed that
because the supreme
Court of Liberia is
currently determining
the "legality" or "il-
legality" of the exis-
tence and functions of
the so-called Grand

stituent political
yparties, adding, "any
position taken by the
Legislature at this
,time would render the
pending case prejudi-
cial."

However, the body
fully agreed, by joint
resolution of both
Houses of the National
Legislature,, to ex-
press votes of confi-
dence in the Doe admi-
nistration in view of
the progress which the
government has made
in tackling the coun-
try's many economic,
social, and political
problems since the Se-
‘cond Republic was
ushered in on January

6, 1986. -— LINA

we



JPRS“S8A486~068
1 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT RESHUFFLE ANALYZED--The changes made recently in the FRELIMO and in
the government of Mozambique have strengthened the ministries involved in the
security apparatus (Interior, Defense, Security and Information), with
individuals who are regarded as close to the group favoring a hard line in the
struggle against the guerrillas being appointed to head them. Alberto
Chipande, in the defense post, has seen his ministry strengthened by the
appointment of three vice ministers and five secretaries of state, the
majority of them veterans of the armed struggle. This is the case with
Guideon Ndobe, Osvaldo Tazama, and the eternal chief of the General Staff of
the Armed Forces, Sebastiao Mabote. Minister of Security Sergio Vieira will
continue to serve as vice minister of defense. The interior post is held by
an “operational agent," Manuel Antonio, former governor of Manica, where he is
thought to have taken "very positive” action against the guerrilla forces.
The interior team was completed by the appointment of the ambassador in
Moscow, Hipolito Patricio, to serve as vice minister. The information post
was also given to an individual described as “hard-line,” who was transferred
directly from the Ministry of Interior, where he had duties involving control
of the police forces. The establishment of a “war economy” seems to be the
second feature which can be observed in this reorganization. Party control
was strengthened by the appointment of Armando Guebuza, the number five man in
the Political Bureau, to oversee the departments concerned with rural
development. Mario -Machungo, the planning specialist in Mozambique, and
number 10 man in the Political Bureau, has also returned in force to supervise
banking, finance and trade. He represents the ascendancy of the hard Line
over the major ministries where negotiations with international banks and
foreign investments are concerned. There are those who link the appointment
of these two “master controllers” with the visit President Machel paid to
Moscow. In fact, since the Soviet Union continues to be the main trade
partner of Mozambique, an increasing inability on the part of Mozambique to
cover its payments, in view of the current levels of mining and agricultural
production, has been seen. President Machel is thought to have attempted to
make a goodwill gesture toward the Soviets. [Text] [Lisbon SEMANARIO in
Portuguese 17 May 86 p 4] 5157

CS0:3442/228

26



from the States. I think it is essential that I quote at least two brief sen-
tences, if there is time enough, from this statement, to give the public an
idea what the' university attempts to do. And in quoting these two sentences I
also want to make it clear that our main mission remains an educational one.
Now, these statements read as follows: The aims of the university are the
pursuit of truth, irrespective of its consequences, and academic advancement of
the individual, irrespective of race. These aims cannot be attained where
discriminatory practices prevail and provoke violent action and reaction, The
council and the senate of the university therefore call for the repeal of all
apartheid legislation and the security laws that are designed to maintain it,
and for the negotiation of a new, just, and demooratic constitution built on
the rule of law and the protection of human rights.

/Bishop/ Well, that is a philosophy which I think many people in the country
are going to uphold and indeed, from the top we have heard that apartheid is
outmoded. But we have to get down in the remaining time, which is short, to
just ask you how: things like the students and staff marching in the public
thoroughfares at these troublesome times. Will you not discourage that?

[FTober/ I discourage it at every single moment when it occurs. When open air
gatherings take place, I attempt to persuade, on each occasion, the students
to refrain from them, for their own protection.

‘[Bishop/ Are you taking steps to bring these warring factions together in
peace, to restore the tranquility of the university?. Is that happening right
now?

[ober] Well, it is happening all the time. Dialogue continues. But I think
we must have no illusions. Unless the grave problems which beset the whole
nation are solved, I alone cannot restore the balance on the campus.

‘[Bishop/ Prof Tober, we wish you luck with your task, and thank you very much
for joining us on "Network."

/12228 :
csO: 3400/1964

95



"THE WEEKLY MAIL is probably the only newspaper read both in Parliament and
Pollsmoor Prison, by leaders of industry and of trade unions," he said.

Earlier, he had said the papers staff felt itself "dutibound to expose happens
in our country and as a result was constantly up against the law."

He called journalism an "outlaw profession," but one which was mainly dominated
by too "conservative, middle of the road" newspapers who did not respond to
the present crisis.

The new emerging press--such as THE WEEKLY MAIL, THE INDICATEOR, THE NAMIBIAN
and THB NEW NATION--proved that the press could respond to the issues of the
day and that they would be the press of the future, Harber said.

Mr Ramaphosa, speaking at the end of the fourth round of annual wage negotia-
tions with the Chamber of Mines, said THE WEEKLY MAIL had attempted to portray
a fairly true picture of the present society.

"But what should be asked is whether it was directed at Crossroads, Soweto,
Alexandra--or is it the liberal consciousness of Hougton and Parktown?"

Mr Ramaphosa said the South African press could only "save its souls by por-
traying the just struggle of an oppressed people."

But he also said he was not suggesting that journalists should become propa-
gandists, but rather that they should "examine and expose."

Having said earlier that Mr Oppenheimer had done him the "disfavour of retiring
at the time he (Mr Ramaphosa) entered the world of mining trade unionism, he
also said they both shared a common interest--that of diamond mining.

He turned to the role of the media with regard to the mining industry, saying
that it was an area left "unchallenged by the press," while attention was paid
only to the industry's education and other social projects, and with annual
results published on financial pages--not read by workers--reflecting large
profits.

"The working class regretfully have to inform (them) that their effort in
drawing up blueprints of reform within the free enterprise system is noted but
is irrelevant. Free enterprise is bankrupt...workers want socialism...despite
talks between big businessmen with the ANC.

"Tt should be no surprise that if the working class asks for disinvestment and
sanctions...we are not cutting our throats...We have had no joy from free

enterprise. .

He said the media was the key to the transformation of. South African society,
but it was not an "elite group with an elite function."

Mr Oppenheimre told the well attended gathering his sharing a platform with the
trade unionist was "a rather happy occasion," which was "rather fun."

88



JPRS*SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

LIBERIA

-

JUSTICE MINISTER WARNS DETRACTORS AGAINST DESTABILIZATION

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 12 May 86 pp 1, 6

[Article by J. N. Elliott]

[Text]

Government will’ not
yield to threats of
violence or intimida-
tion to satisfy the
whims of unscrupulous
individuals" bent on
undermining the stabi-
lity of the state,
Justice Minister Jen-
kins Scott warned last

Friday.
He said those caught
inciting the public

to anarchy will face
the consequences be-
cause, according to
“him, "we will not sit
by and aliow anti-
government elements
to trample upon the
rights of peaceful ci-
tizens just to satisfy
their selfish emo-
tions".

Minister Scott wae
commenting on reports
that one of the state
prosecutors in  .the
just ended treason
trial, Counsellor Nel-
son Broderick, was
assaulted following
the rendering of a

/12828

CSO: 3400/1948

_ ing

split verdict by the
12-man jury last Fri-
day. :

The trial involving
defendants James Hol-
der, Robert Philins
and Anthony Macquee,
is to be re-heard at
a later date because
of the failure of the
jurors to reach a
unanimous verdict.

Nine of them said the
accused were not guil-
ty while, three others
contended that the men
should be convicted
for assisting in an
attempt to overthrow
the government: last
November 12.

Minister Scott told
the NEW LIBERIAN in an
interview that the
Justice Ministry will
do everything legally
possible to stop
"anti-government"
elements from incens—
the public to
unrest.

Solicitor-General
Mcdonald Krakue who
Was also present, told
this paper that the
unruly behaviour of
spectators in court

and afterwards was a
very disturbing situa-
tion.

Counsellor Krakue,
who was also present
for the verdict, em-
phasized however that
threats and harassment
will strengthen rather
than deter the state
from vigorously prose-
cuting those who wil-
fully commit crimes.

When contacted,
Counsellor Broderick
confirmed that he is
receiving treatment

for wounds he sustain-
ed as a result of the
assault on him.

He, however, said
that although he knew:
his attackers, he had
no intention of taking
legal action against
them.

Meanwhile, the gov-
ernment has provided
police protection for
Counsellor Broderick,
according to Justice
Minister Scott.


{Tober/ It depends what you mean by militants. We have, of course, a large
group of committed students, committed to change at an accelerated pace,
committed to the rapid establishment of a totally open society, or committed-—
to put it more bluntly--to majority rule. Now, as long as there is no meaningful
participation by the majority in a country's internal affairs, these students'
attitude will sharpen and become more profiled. +

/Bishop/ Well, I think that people would appreciate that students are permitted
to protest against the current situation, and so forth, but they would also
say--and would you--that it must be peacefully, that, frustrating as it may be,
they must not throw stones at each other or attack each other or stop academic
freedom. Now, what would you say to that?

[ober] Oh, absolutely but I...

(Bishop, interrupting/ But that is not happening at Wits. I mean, academic
freedom has been infringed, has it not? :

[Tober] Well, it depends what you mean by has been infringed. Do not forget
that isolated incidents are played up as if the campus was in a total state of
revolution. This is merely and simply untrue.

/Bishop/ Who plays that up? You mean the press, generally?

{Tober/ I think so, I think some of the reports have been exaggerated. Now,
of course incidents occur. They are deplorable and they should not happen, and
we, by negotiation, attempt in each case to avoid them or to calm things down.
But do not forget the public should give us credit for the fact that there has
never been a long-term disruption in our teaching, that there has never been
an interruption, up to now, and it has not happened yet, of examinations, unlike
in most institutions in this country, institutions of higher learning. All my
students wrote theit exams in 1985, Now, all the teaching continued as normal.
There were the occasional, sporadic interruptions by noise on isolated days.
But I think it is very important for the public to realize that the university
continues to function. And it is our business to ensure that it will continue
to do so.

/Bishop/ Prof Tober, there is an impression, too, that you~~and I am afraid,
again, Prof Shear has been picked out in the press, you must have read the
xeports--that you are on the side of the left, whatever the left do, and in
particular the black students, it is okay. Whatever some of the conservative
white students do, it is never okay. What is your reaction to that?

[Tober/ I think it is important to see these statements in the context of the
university's overall philosophy. If you condemn the unviersity's philosophy as
liberal, then you may have grounds for your statement. But I must point out
that the declaration which we issued on 6 Décember through senate and council
is unequivocally committing the institution to a wider role in society. It is
a statement which has evoked tremendous local and international support. I
think the public should realize that the major universities in the world are
standing right behind us in the defining of our goals. I have just returned

94



through a very long period of time and that is not merely black people, it is
people [words indistinct]. We have to develop all of our people and take them
through their careers in the organizations to bring all the talent that. they
have “in thém to the free enterprise system. Now what we have to do is to meet
the need of the time which is partly a consequence of history and partly a
consequence of the fact that we now have nonwhite talent available in the
market in meaningful numbers ready for the first time to allow equalization

of opportunity.

[Fysh] Christo, very briefly, you have got a hardening of attitudes, in fact
this very report may even harden attitudes even more. Very quickly, what are
we doing to do?

[Nel] We have seen a perception already in certain of the comments since
yesterday saying that this is merely another attempt at perpetuating the
system. Now, I think we can understand that type of skepticism at this
stage. The report only was published yesterday or released yesterday, and
I don't think people have had the opportunity to study it in detail. Once
we have union members that have rejected it at this stage studying it in
detail, they will notice that it's a very clear and honest attempt and
drive from business to create an environment in which we can get this
economic participation moving to the benefit of all.

{Fysh] All right, thanks very much for joining us tonight. Professor
Nasser, just one final remark from you.

[Nasser] I think that the document presents a great deal of optimism and
hope in times that are very dark and I think that if we all work together
we have got a bright future.

[Fysh] Let's ‘hope so. Thanks for joining us in the studio tonight and
good luck.

/6091
cso: 3400/1980

99



The church leader added: "If we continue in the way we are going and if

there is not the willingness on the part of the majority of whites to face up
to the work necessary; the willingness on the part of government to face up

to the need for fundamental change...then South Africa is heading for the
direction of the Spanish Civil War, of tremendous polarisation and unimaginable

levels of brutality."

/6091
cso: 3400/1980

62



JPRS*SSA-86~068
1 July 1986

SOUL AFRICA

MP'S DISCUSS ABOLITION OF TNFLUX CONTROL LAWS
PFP's Olivicr Supports Repeal
NLOC1410 Johannesburg SAPA iu English 1408 Ghir 9 Jun 86

[Yext] House of Assembly, 9 June, SAPA--No other lesislation had caused more
bitterness and couflict between black and white in South Africa than the
infJux control laws end the bil] repealing them was one of the most important
ever Lo come before parliament, Mr Hic Olivier (PIP [Progressive Federal
Party] Nominated) said today.

Spesking in support of the second reading of the ebolition of influx control
bill he said it was unfortunate that the cffects of the influx control laws on
blacks would "stay with us for a long time...the bitterness cannot be removed
in an instant.”

Literally millions of black people hed been arrested and sent to jail since
the Jaws were introduced and the implications of this on the dignity and
quality of tife of blacks should never be underestimated.

Not only the infJux control meuzsurcs, but the related legislation which was
«lso being repealed, had detracted from "fundamental freedom of blacks."

liv Glivier said the government had given assurances in the past that forced
removals of blacks would stop and the bil] was concrete proof of this. The
bill had to be seen against the background of the goverment's recently.
published white paper on urbanisation because for the first time in South
Africa's history, a strategy for orderly urbanisation had been set out which
accepted blacks migration to urbau areas.

Ft wan « fortuitdus change from the unrealistic ideological approach by
goverment over the years so far. It was vitally important, however, that
sufficient land, housing, cconomic prospects and job opportunities be provided
to cope with the urbanisation process, Mr Olivier said. Without these,
orderjy urbanisation would remain a dream.

Mr Daen vin der Merwe (CP [Conservative Party] Rissik) asked whether, in view
of Nr Olivier's attitude to blacks urbanisation, lhe was also in favour of
blacks from South Africa's neighboring countries séttling in the republic's
urban areas.

68



JPRS+SSA~86-068
1 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

FINLAND RETAINS CONFIDENCE IN NACALA PORT PROJECT
Despite Delays, Disappointments
Helsinki HELSINGIN SANOMAT in Finnish 21 May 86 p 28

[Article by Heikki Alli: "Nacala's Containerport Is Year Overdue: Yet Finland's
Most Important Foreign-Aid Project Will Not Remain ‘White Elephant'"]

{Text] Nacala--The loading area of the containerport widens stone by stone as
work continues on Finland's most important foreign-aid project, the Nacala harbor
in the northern part of the country. If work moves into high gear this summer--
or\winter, actually, in the southern hemisphere--then the containerport may be
finished by the end of next year, experts believe. The entire project is roughly

a year behind, however.

The delay is largely due to the fact that the Finns were suddenly evacuated in
March of last year when two grenades were fired in the vicinity of Nacala's
“Finnish village."

The entire Finnish work crew and their families had been at full strength in
Nacala just half a year when they were hauled out of Mozambique via Nampula
and Maputo. Work came to a complete stop for half a year. The entire six-man
Finnish work crew was not reunited in Nacala until last November.

Security Situation Improved

The evacuation from Nacala and the perilous nature of the foreign-aid project
became the subject of scandal in Finland when it was publicly claimed that the
Finns were courting mortal danger in Mozambique.

The security situation has now improved, but Finland's Ministry of Foreign
Affairs will not, for example, permit Finnish families to go to Nacala. The
Finns in Nacala are paid a monthly supplement of 1,500 markkas for working in
a dangerous place, but officially it is called a "subsistence supplement."

The Finns in Nacala are somewhat amused by the talk about danger. "After all,
we're here voluntarily," they say.

13



JPRS*SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PROJECT FREE ENTERPRISE REPORT DISCUSSED
MB111839 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1930 GMT 10 Jun 86

[Discussion with Chris Ball, managing director of Barclay's Bank; Christo Nel
of Project Free Enterprise; and Martin Nasser, chairman of Project Free
Enterprise, in Johannesburg, moderated by Rob Fysh and introduced by
Michelle Alexander on the "Network" program--live]

[Text] [Alexander] The final chapter of UNISA's [University of South
Africa] analysis of negative black perceptions of the free market system in
South Africa has been published and copies of this comprehensive report have
been posted to some 7,000 businessmen and other decisionmakers in South
Africa. As with many reports, it has provoked comment but could simply start
collecting dust. Given this danger and the belief that the government has
committed itself to and is implementing a [?reform] program, there is still
a vital question remaining: How is business going to implement the very
precise recommendations of Project Free Enterprise on the shopfloor and in
the corridors of upper management? To discuss this tonight we have three
experts in the studio talking to Rob Fysh.

[Fysh] In the studio with me tonight Project Free Enterprise Chairman
Professor Martin Nasser. Welcome. On his left, Chris Ball, managing
director of Barclay's Bank, and Christo Nel, project leader of Project Free
Enterprise. Professor Nasser, if we can look at the first question, we are
looking at the implementation. What is the single most important first step
to take in the implementation of this?

[Nasser] Rob, I think that what we are talking about essentially is looking
at the whole internal environment within organizations and providing the
{word indistinct] here that make it possible for people to want to identify
with the concept of free enterprise. That means providing them with a stake
in the corporation and the economy basically.

[Fysh] Christo, what is your feeling?
{Nel] The experience which Martin and I have had the last few months is one
in which management now sees a clear path ahead and where we really need to

get top management and middle management working together towards implement-
ing totally integrated packages throughout their organization.

96



Men and women wander in from nearby fields with hoes and harrows on their
shoulders. The singing of little children is heard from behind the kinder-
garten's limestone walls.

This is the "April 7th cooperative ‘farm" in Machava at the country’s southernmost
tip, in Maputo province which begins'on the outskirts of Maputo, the capital of
Mozambique. This is a "zona verde," or verdant zone. These zones are areas of
cultivation which were established by decree of Mozambique's ruling Frelimo Party
on the perimeter of all large cities to produce food for both the workers on the
machambas and the people in the cities.

Cultivation Protected

It seems that efficient and purposefully planned cultivation in present-day
Mozambique will succeed only in the vicinity of population centers, because at
least an adequate attempt has been made to protect them from the subversive
attacks of various counterrevolutionaries or "outlaw gangs."

“Perhaps our machamba is at least some evidence that we ourselves are trying to
do something about our country's troublesome situation. We are not just sitting
around with outstretched hands begging for help," shyly explains Raimundo
Nyampose, a young agronomist responsible for the farm's output, as I drive
through the farm gate in the only available and air-conditioned car which I
rented at Maputo's foreign-exchange shop.

Maybe this farm serves as a model example of what is being attempted in Mozambique.
Yet it is clear that agricultural production will not succeed if there is always
a shortage of supplies.

This year, for instance, the 16-hectare farm in Machava has managed to produce
1,200 kilograms of corn for the market as well as the grain and vegetables
needed by its own people.

Meat Only for Children

In the concrete-walled pigsty, lean little porkers scatter in fright when we

look at them. "We lack fodder. That's why the pigs are so scrawny," explains

the foreman of the cooperative farm. "We are capable of selling only about 15

pigs a year in Maputo. On this farm, meat is given only to children," he continues.

Globular oranges shimmer on the sturdy boughs in a small citrus grove. At the
edge of a vegetable patch is a water pump that draws vital fluid for onions
and other things from an artificial pond at the side of the river.

As I glance at the farm's only water pump, it seems to me that nature is punishing
this region out of spite. Here no one is suffering from drought now. On the
contrary, a couple of years ago this entire district was inundated when a cyclone
from the Indian Ocean wreaked havoc on the southern tip of Mozambique.

The storm and the flood washed away everything that had been built on the farm

up until then. Before the storm, both this region and the adjacent provinces of
Inhambane and Gaza were even more sorely afflicted by drought than now.

18



JPRS“SSA~86 4068
1 July 1986

SOUTH. AFRICA

DETAILS OF CORRESPONDENCE WITH EPG RELEASED
MB101439 Johannesburg Domestic Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 10 Jun 86

/Text/ The South African Government has released details of the content of
recent correspondence between itself and the Commonwealth Group of Eminent
Persons /EPG/. Our political news staff reports that it appears that attempts
by the group to bring the government and the ANC to the negotiating table have
reached a deadlock after statements by the group that it no longer saw any
merit in continuing discussions.

The minister of foreign affairs, Mr Pik Botha, on the other hand had sent a
letter to the two chairmen of the Commonwealth Group, Mr Malcomn Fraser of
Australia and General Obasanjo of Nigeria,:in which he had stated South Africa
was still in favor of negotiations which could lead to a peaceful settlement.

In the letter, Mr Botha accused the group of breaching the agreed upon confi-
dentiality to their discussions by leaking important EPG proposals to the
international media. South Africa had thus decided to release the content of
the government's replies to these proposals.

Among the documents allegedly leaked to the international media by the EPG
included a-proposal for what it called a possible negotiating concept between
the government and the ANC. In the possible negotiating concept, the EPG pro-
posed that the defense force be removed from black residential areas, that
freedom of assembly be restored, and that detention without trial be suspended.
It also proposed that Nelson Mandela and other so-called political prisoners
and detainees be released.

Other proposals in this regard included that the ban onthe ANC and Pan-Africanist
Congress should be lifted and the ANC and other terrorist groups should be
drawn into negotiations and suspend violence. '

Our political staff reports that it was the EPG's suggestion that the ANC only
had to suspend violence which had first evoked such a strong reaction from the
government.

In his letter to the joint chairmen on 28 May, Mr Botha had made it clear that
the ANC was required to terminate violence forthwith. The government was not
prepared to have violence used as a trump card against negotiation.

/12228
cso: 3400/1966

‘47



JPRS“SSA*86~068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

"NETWORK' PROGRAM DISCUSSES VIOLENCE AT WITS UNIVERSITY
MB061652 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1930 GMT 3 Jun 86

interview with Professor Karl Tober, vice chancellor of the University of the
Witwatersrand, by John Bishop, on the "Network" program--live/

/Text/ {Bishop/ I am sure you will be aware of recent trouble on the campus
of the University of Witwatersrand, which culminated last Friday with the
arrest made by the South African police of Wits students and some lecturers.
Well, they appeared in court yesterday, and their case will continue on 9 July.
With me tonight to discuss the issue is the vice chancellor of Wits University,
whom we welcome. Prof Karl Tober, thanks for coming along.

[Tobe :r/ Good evening.

/Bishop/ Professor, I think we both agree, do we not, we have just agreed
before we went on the air that we really cannot talk about the events of last
weekend, because of the sub judice ruling. But in general terms, we must not
be restricted in talking about your attitude--you, representing the university=-
to the police coming onto the campus. Now, what is that in a nutshell? What
is your attitude?

/Tober/ Well, I would have thought that the police should only come onto the
campus when specifically requested by me to do so. I understand perfectly, of
course, that in terms of existing legislation they have their own duty to per-
form. But a university community is a very special kind of community. It is
based on consensus, it is based on freedom of expression and of assembly. And

I in my experience would say that whatever the intentions are of the forces of
law and order, their presence on the campus in time of crisis tends to exacerbate
situations, rather than assisting in solving them.

/Bishop/ Yes: You would agree, though, would you, that it is within the rights
of the civil arm to enter any premises if they think there is a likelihood of
public violence taking place? I mean, the police do that all over the world,

is that not so?

[Tober/ As to the legal aspects of it, there is no doubt at all. What I am
pleading for is calm and wisdom.

92



Table 2. Status of Mini Hydro Power Development
‘Water Basin Héentified Pre-feasibilty ‘Feasibility ‘Const, (a)
Mediterranean 5 6 1 =
Indian 23 2 4 2
Atlantic 5 1 1 =
Rukwa 15 2 1 -
Manyara 5 2 — —
Total 53 13 7 2

(@) Under construction.

technology to needs, based on size, the
People’s socio-economic realities, and the
geographical, topographical and climato-
logical characteristics of the area.

General international practice often en-
courages the following planning strategies:

© Rural water supplies (and sometimes irriga-
tion) can consider hand-pumps, windmills,
supply by gravity or hydraulic ram
(‘hydram”’) before opting for diesel or elec-
tricity pumps.

* For motive power for saw mills, flour mills
and cottage industries of capacity less than
SKkW, investigate the merits of horizontal
shafts coupled to water wheels or windmills
before considering water turbine/generator
systems [6,7].

© Village dispensaries, lighting and domestic
energy can opt for water wheels coupled to
generators, Care must be exercised to select,
among solar, wind and conventional/tradi.
tional technologies.

* For district townships, appropriate energy
mixes should be painstakingly selected from
amongst run of the river/low head mini
hydro schemes, sub-transmission from the

grid, and conventional/traditional fuels.
Where multi-purpose demands for limited re-
sources are confliciting, systems engineering
techniques may be necessary, "

Overall rural project (MHD) cost mini-
mization can be achieved through the fol-
lowing:

© Proper feasibility studies, designs, fabrica-
tion of machinery and installation/cons-

truction which maximize utilization of lo-
cally available resources.

© Full participation of villagers on a self-
help basis in various stages of project im-
plementation.

© Foreign currency/untied economic ald pru-
dently utilized to acquire necessary equip-
ment not available locally.

© Existence of an effective local project ma-
magement and operation team.

The indicated strategies can not easily
bé followed in Tanzania due to constraints
appearing at (i) planning (ii) engineering,
(ii) appraisal (iv) financing, and (v) pro-
ject management lovels.

30



“There have been no incidents here since we arrived. Sometimes shots are heard
from the forest and 'guerrillas' are seen on the road to the stone-crushing mill,
which is located on the outskirts of the city and which is part of the project.
But recently there was a considerable improvement in security when additional
Mozambican soldiers were brought into the area," comments Juha Ruuskanen, Finnish
boss of the Nacala project. He became the new leader of the project after the
work interruption.

He points out that the project has also been delayed because it is very cumbersome
to transport to Nacala the spare parts needed for Finnish machines. The parts
must usually be fetched in Maputo, the capital city, which is a couple thousand
kilometers from here. You can travel to Nampula, the center of the northern
province, only in a small airplane or overland with a military escort.

Mozambican officials are clearly annoyed when they are asked about security
problems. Security is guaranteed, they say. An outsider may nevertheless
express amazement at how the so-called counterrevolutionary bands of robbers
have become a problem here.

Resistance Movement Causes Trouble

At the edge of the small, sleepy city on a promontory which projects into the
Indian Ocean there is a large air base alongside whose runway I spotted at least
40 MiG fighter planes from the air. They are not very useful, to be sure, in
preventing the sabotage and terrorist attacks of the so-called Renamo resistance
movement, which seeks to topple the Mozambican government with the help of South
Africa.

Renamo general secretary Evo Fernandes, who resides temporarily in Portugal,
told me a few weeks ago in Cascais, near Lisbon, that Renamo opposes the par-
ticipation of Finns in Mozambique's foreign-aid projects. You could conclude
from what he said that last year's incident was a kind of warning, even though
the other foreigners who assist in work in the Nampula province have been left
alone by Renamo.

Mozambican officials-seem to have been offended by the Finns' sudden departure
last year. The much larger French colony, which participates in the railroad
project associated with the harbor, stayed in Nacala. But it is also true that
grenades did not keep falling on the French section of the garden city.

Belief in Project

Although mostly just the dramatic side of the Nacala project has been publicly
discussed in Finland, people in Mozambique seem to have a calm and hopeful
attitude toward the project. Both Mozambicans and the Finns who work here
share this view.

Despite the delays and defects, Finnish experts who just evaluated the Nacala
project appear to have a similar opinion about implementation of the undertaking.
It seems that improvement of the containerport will not turn into a so-called
white elephant as long as additional funding necessary for the project is provided.

14



JPRS*SSA-B6068
L July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

wt

TUTU, SPARKS, KAUNDA DISCUSS SECURITY, SANCTIONS
MB111439 London BBC World Service in English 1309 GMT 11-Jun 86
[From the "24 Hours" program presented by Hugh Pricey-Jones]

[Text] _[Pricey-Jones] Although the economic and political prospects for
South Africa look very bad at the moment as foreigners lose confidence in
the government's ability to find a political solution, clashes continued >
today too at the Crossroads squatter camp near Cape Town and Bishop Desmond
Tutu, the antiapartheid campaigner who has flown there to try to mediate,
has urged the government to help him by not taking a hard line ‘on security.

[Begin Tutu recording] Given the track record of our government here,’ it is
likely that we are going to get-the iron fist which most people who are
sensible would say was wrong reaction at’a time of very high tension... I have
been pleading for the lifting of a ban on 16 June observances. The people
are going to observe 16 June and it will be far better for.the authorities to
allow people to do so without the added stress of knowing that they were defy-
ing a particular regulation. [end recording]

[Pricey-Jones] . Bishop Tutu's appeal, though, seems likely to fall on thorny
ground. The South African Government is pondering new and more dramatic
security measures and I put it. to Allister Sparks, South African political
commentator, that the government: looked increasingly committed to a collision,
with the black opposition on the anniversary of the Soweto riots.

[Begin recording] [Sparks] Yes, it seems quite determined to put ona dis-
play of toughness. It does seem that the South African Government is respond-
ing to the growth of.the far right wing movement among the Afrikaner: com-
munity who are accusing it of being tentative about putting down black
unrest which is now in. its second year and they are suggesting that the
South African Government is reluctant to get too tough because it is sensi-
tive to outside opinion and being dictated by foreigners, and it seems they
have taken some kind of decision deep in the cabinet, probably by. the presi-
dent himself, to demonstrate that this isn't the case, that they are as
tough as they have ever been and so,.we seem to be in for a great demonstra-
tion of what is called kragdadigheid-or toughness. °

58



"Widespread disturbances undermined international confidence, our currency
halved in value and international /banks/ refused to renew loans.

"So we moved into the present situation."

He said that for decades South Africa's business community had taken the view
that politics could be ignored.

"The bitter lesson we have learned in these last few years is that one ignores
politics as ones peril. Sooner or later, the consequence of wrong political
policies will always be felt in the quality of one's life."

/12228
CSO: 3400/1965

111



JPRS
1 July 1996

“SSA~86~068

BENIN

BRIEFS

LOAN AGREEMENT WITH WADB--Cotonou, 2 Jun (AFP)--Benin Monday signed loan
agreements worth 6.9 million dollars with the West African Development Bank
(WADB), it was announced here. The agreements, signed by Foreign Minister
Hospice Antonio and WADB president Abou Bakar Baba-Moussa, will cover loans

to rehabilitate 1,000 km (600 miles) roads_and develop the poultry industry in
Benin, an official statement said. /Text/ /Paris AFP in English 1733 GMT

2 Jun 86 AB/ 12228

CSO: 3400/1946



JPRS~SSA+86+068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CHURCH GROUPS REACT TO INTERNAL SECURITY BILL
Methodist Group Condemns Bills
MB070850 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2159 GMT 6 Jun 86

/Text/ Cape Town 6 Jun, SAPA--The Methodist Church Cape Synod today strongly
condemned the proposed Public Safety Amendment Bill and the Internal Security
Amendment Bill, saying they represented "an entrenchment of the power wielded
by the state and the armed forces."

In a unanimous resolution the clergymen said they believed "these proposed laws
will nullify the power of the judisciary, jeopardise media freedom and interfere
with the freedom of association against the freedom of the individual without
trial."

"The synod is further convinced that increasing the power of the South African
Armed Forces will not in any way contribute to the resolution of the crisis in
our country, but will rather lead to an intensification of the conflict," the
resolution stated.

The synod, held over 3 days, included representatives and ministers from all
Methodist churches in the Cape. The Anglican archbishop-elect of Cape Town,
Bishop Desmond Tutu, was congratulated on his election.

The issue of disinvestment caused division within the synod and it was resolved
that churches would review a study document on disinvestment and report back to
the annual conference in October,

Concern was expressed over ministering to young people in the South African
Defence Force (SADF) from within the official structures of the SADF.

"The synod is committed to ministering to young people in the SADF but are
looking for ways to minister for them from outside the SADF," a spokesman said.

90



2. Based on 1 above, and information
on Tables 1 to 5, investigation on possibi-
lities of manufacturing some mini hydro
equipment locally, or in partnership with
SADCC countries.

3. Establishment of an information data
bank on MHD and rural electrification
with assistance/collaboration of various
overseas and national research organiza-
tions, a

ACNOWLEDGEMENT

The author acknowledges with thanks, the
assistance of Mr. Larry Haas, Energy Advisor,
Ministry of Energy and Minerals; and Mrs. J.
Tesha, B. Msowoya, D. Ngula and C. Masawe
of TANESCO, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

1, Gunnes, O.. et.al, ‘Hydropower and Irri-
gation Study of Western Tanzania’’, Report
N.° 2, WTP, Ministry of Water, Energy and
Minerals, Dar es Salaam, April 1976.

2. Ngula, D., C. Masawe and M. Katyega,
“Safari Reports on Mini Hydro Power Recon-
naissance Surveys”, File MPPD/MHD/122,
TANESCO, Dar es Salaam, 1980-1985.

3. Varghese, M. A., “Prospects for Mini
Hydro Development in Tanzania’”’, ‘‘Prospects
for Mini Hydro Development in Tanzania”,
SADCC Energy, 5, February/April 1984.

4, Masawe, C. L. M., “Small Scale Hydro-
power Development for Tanzania”, M. Sc.
Thesis, University of New Castle Upon Tyne,-
1983.-

5. Kadete, H. and R. Reichel, “Experiences
with Small Hydro Electric Power Stations in
Tanzania’, Faculty of Engineering, University
of Dar es Salaam, 1977.

6. Albertson, M. L., ‘Introduction to Small
Hydropower Technology and Development”,
Workshop Proceedings on Small-Scale Hydro.
power in Africa, ADB, UPCDEEA, NRECA,
USAID, (Abidjan, Ivory Coast: 1-5, March
1982.)

7. Hamm, H. W., Low Cost Development of
Small Water Power Sites, VITA Publications,
Mt. Reiner, MD.

8. Baardsen, E. M., “Planning Joint Opera-
tion of Diesel and Hydropower Systems”, Se-
minar on Cooperation Between Electricity Uti-
lities in the SADCC Region, (Harare, Zimbab-
we: 12-16, December 1984.)

9. Loucks, D. et al, Water Resource Systems
Planning and Analysis, Prentice-Hall, Eagle-
wood Cliffs, NJ, 1981.

10. Meta Systems, “Tanzania Tariff Study”,
TANESCO, Dar es Salaam, 1985.

11, UNDP/World Bank, “Tanzania: Issues
and Options in the Energy Sector”, Washing-
ton DC, 1984,

12. Ministry of Planning and Economic Af-
fairs, “Structural and Adjastment Programme
for Tanzania”, Dar es Salaam, June 1982.

13, RODECO GmbH, “Small Hydro Power
Project: Uwemba and Mbinga Power Small
Hydro Power Sites”, GTZ/TANESCO, Dar es
Salaam, 1984.

Table 7. Unit Costs for Energy Generated and Sold at Selected Rural/Isolated Townships (US|
cents/kWh)
Branch 1984 1983 1982
All Branches 6.33 7.96, 7.48 8.71 7.39 7.51
Coastal Grid 4.13 7.80 4.37 8.83 4.50 7.08
Kilwa Masoko| 59.24 11.28 122.10 17.48 101.78 15.90
Mafia Island 36.01 8.58 32.18 10.08 70.07 11.87
Mpwapwa 21.88 8.92 103.31 25.11 45.56 11.40
Nachingwea 34.31 10.12 62.11 12.22 21.70 5.35
Tukuyu 16.62 6.95 32.35 9.37 19.70 7.63
‘Note: Based on data extracted from TANESCO Finance Manager's Reports, TANESCO, Dar es Salaam, December 1983 and
1984,
/12828 »
cso: 3400/1935

35



[Fysh] Chris, two respected academics...[changes thought] you are a business-
man, what is your feeling?

[Ball] 1 think that the project focuses our attention very clearly and very
strongly on two things that are important: Firstly, that equal opportunity
means equalization of opportunity and that is something that the business
community has to achieve in its organizations, but secondly, of course, that
free enterprise means freedom to be [words indistinct] in a society. Now the
equalization of opportunity is a complex issue which is going to require the
patience and the fortitude and the goodwill of the people implementing it
and there is a lot to be done and there is a lot that can be done.

[Fysh] Martin, the first stumbling block has already been hit. You've had
some negative reaction already. Why?

[Nasser] Very simply because I think people are equating the free enterprise
with the old.apartheid regime and the old apartheid system. They find it
difficult to separate the two, in fact, and to talk lucidly about the concept
of free enterprise is beyond their comprehension at this point in time.

[Fysh] So how are you going to overcome that first major stumbling block?

[Nasser] I think the first thing is to just separate in very definite terms
what free enterprise is all about that it actually provides an opportunity for
a whole new sort of economic order inside the country in which everybody has
a very strong possibility for upward mobility, quality of life, growth in
education, and growth in material wealth as well.

[Ball] I agree with that. We, of course, have not had the free enterprise
as yet. We have to remove the constraints on what we might do so that people
actually are free to participate fully in the economy and than we can get on
with the job.

[Fysh] But fair enough, Chris, we are in a catch-22 now because you are
asking business, which has been stigmatized-~and let's not discuss that, we
know why--but you are now asking business to tell the workers that a free
market system is actually better than socialism which they quite definitely
seem to prefer. How are you going to solve that one?

[Ball] One has to make the situation credible to them. If they feel that
they have an equal opportunity to participate in the fruits of the organiza-
tion and if they feel that they are being treated equally with everybody
else, then I think that that will come right. I am intrigued to find from
my experience how people actually are even nervous about [word indistinct].
People are very sensitive indeed to the manner in which they are actually
treated in the workplace, extremely sensitive. For example, there is a
tendency for some people to be called by their Christian names and some by
their surnames even at the same level because some come from one ethnic
group and another comes from others and, of course, the people who are called
by their Christian names only and introduced around the shop by their
Christian names only are offended because they are treated thereby in a
manner which is inferior to the other people.

|
97



JPRS*SSA~86-068
1 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ACTION WHITE NATAL REJECTS NATAL-KWAZULU COMMON ADMINISTRATION
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Apr 86 p 16

[Text] The national president, P.W. Botha, has no mandate from the Whites of
Natal to establish a common administration for Natal and KwaZulu.

This was the reaction of Action White Natal (AWN) to the support given by Mr
Botha to a shared executive authority for Natal and KwaZulu.

AWN strives to preserve a white government in Natal.

"Action White Natal now tells the national president what he told the NRP and
Inkatha at the time of the opening of. the so-called 'KwaNatalindaba': You have
no mandate from the Whites of Natal for the principle of a joint administration

for Natal and KwaZulu!

"It is fraudulent to pretend not to support the indaba [native council], while
you actually promote its goals and objectives. Just compare the government's
refusal to take part in the indaba--it sends representatives only--with its
current acceptance of the proposals of Messrs Radclyffe Cadman and Frank Martin

to Minister Chris Heunis.

"Action White Natal rejects this latest step in the direction of a multiracial
legislative authority for Natal with all the contempt it deserves," declares
the statement.

Mr Botha's support for a multiracial government has now earned him the enmity
of the AWN. So far the organization has refrained from attacking the govern- .
ment, because the government did not originally commit itself to the support
of a multiracial dispensation for the province.

AWN President Chris Wolmarans told DIE AFRIKANER that Mr Botha's attitude had
shocked him. "The national president has now taken sides with Chief Minister
Mangosuthu Buthelezi and leftist Whites against the Whites of Natal. The so-
called neutrality of the NP regarding the indaba has now proven to be nothing
more than a cover-up for subtle support for a multiracial Natal," says Mr Wol-
marans.

AWN will now work toward the consolidation of white opposition to a multiracial
executive administration for Natal, says Mr Wolmarans. This campaign reached
its climax when HNP leader Jaap Marais and Dr Ferdi Harzenberg, the president
of the CP, addressed a huge gathering the the Durban city hall on 19 May.

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