SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER VILJOEN DISCUSSES CLOSURE OF BLACK SCHOOLS
MB111646 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1830 GMI 10 Sep 86

[Interview with Education and Development Aid Minister Gerrit Viljoen by
Auda Landman, on the "Network" program, in Cape Town--live]

[Text] [Landman] Good evening Dr Viljoen; welcome to Network.
[Viljoen] Thank you.

{Landman] Dr Viljoen, how will the closure of these schools contribute
to the solution of the problems of black education?

[Viljoen] The closure as such will not contribute immediately to solving
the problem. But we must note that there are many needs at various social
levels that have to be satisfied, and education amenities are among the
most important. We cannot afford to spend money on schools where no
education takes place and make manpower available if the children and the
community do not make proper use of these amenities.

[Landman] But you are going to retain the personnel.

[Viljoen] Personnel will be placed in other schools where education exists
and where an increase in personnel will contribute to effective teaching.
In some of the areas where the schools involved are situated specialized
courses will be introduced for teachers to improve their qualifications.

In this way we hope--when schools resume normal activity next year--these
teachers will be more prepared to do their work properly.

[Landman] Why do you think the situation will be different in January
than it was in July and from what it is now?

[Viljoen] We know that since June, that is the end of the second quarter,
there has been a dramatic improvement during the third quarter in most
parts of the country, partly as a result of safety regulations imposed to
protect the children and teachers against intimidation and also to protect
the school against vandalism, but also because in many areas the parents
as well as the majority of children are tired of the senseless continued
destruction of education and training facilities.

55



NIGERIA

ANAMBRA ELECTRIFICATION, WATER, ROAD PROJECTS REVIEWED

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 7 Aug 86 p 15

[Text]

HE Anambra State rural

electrification project is
being executed with a foreign -
loan of 8147 million,

The original scope at the
time of the loan in 1980 was
117 towns.

By 1983, field construction
was certified in 62 towns and ~

after a renegotiation in 1985.
Briefing Commodore Larry
Koinyan at the Government =
House, Enugu on Monday, the
state commissioner for local
government, rural
development and chieftaincy
matters, Dr Humphery Nwosu
said that 13 towns have been
commissioned, while seven
others are ready for energizing.

Dr Nwosu, however, said
that the project needs an
additional “foreign exchange
of about DM4.3 million to”
complete the’ remaining 55
towns.

On rural water supply, the
commissioner told the visiting
chairman, federal directorate
of food, roads and rural
infrastructures, that the
programme covered 56 rural

19274
CSO+ 3400/464

water supply schemes_**5.
- According to Dr Nwosu; the:
completed programme would
provide adequate supplies fo 77
communities in the state with a
Population of one million.

” He explained that the project
was divided into two phases,
adding that the first phase

~ involves 38 locations.

“Contracts awarded for 19
locations are at varying levels
of completion’ he said.
Commissioner Nwosu
further’ said that “the Task
Force on Rural Water Supply,
already working at 19 other
locations by direct labour, has
completed six of the projects.

feeder reads leading to food
. eas Producieg‘areas. A total of 12
The second phase, involving roads have been completed, he
18 schemes, he said, would be < said...
implemented ... within ~ the The~commissioner, who is
financial allocation in the 1986 - also the chairman, state Rural
developmentstock. _ --- Development Implementation
The: state. government is Authority. said that 2,300
Pursuing the completion of 29 hectares’ of land have been
bore-holes commenced under - acquired by the govern--
the federal —_bore-holes_ ment and put under cultivation
Programme, and also. to generate employment. 1,900
communities not covered by hectares, according to Dr
the programme are encouraged. Nwosu are being cultivated
to raise funds for the~--under the school leavers
impiementation ‘of their rural —_ farming scheme.
water schemes, he said. -~- The major constraint
* Commissioner Nwosu, —_militating against the effective
speaking on roads, told implementation of the state’s
Commodore Koinyan that ‘rural development plans, Dr
Priority was given to rural Nwosu said, was lack of funds.

21



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SOUTH AFRICA

ROLE OF VIGILANTES IN POLICE REPRESSION CONDEMNED

London SECHABA in English Aug 86 pp 25-28

[Article by Kgomotso Bapela]

[Text]

Today, in the face of the most genocidal
onslaught since colonial conquest, it is necessary
to look closely at the seriousness of apartheid’: 's
criminal acts, and at their escalation in the re-
cent period. For it is clear that criminals who act
with impunity simply continue their crimes and
indeed increase them — exactly what we see in
South Africa today. Furthermore, under their
new Emergency rules, the apartheid criminals
have drawn a veil of censorship over their deeds,
and it is important that we examine the trends -
over the past year in order to highlight the type
of crimes continuing — and indeed escalating —
behind ihe information blackout in South Africa.

One element in this situation that we must ex-
amine is the role of police-supported vigilantes
acting against our people, both activists and non-
activists alike.

The vigilantes were first visible in 1983, dur-
ing the bus boycott in Mdantsane in East Lon-
don. The Ciskei authorities tumed a football
stadium into a Nazi-type concentration camp.
Since then, they have become a common feature
in the violent political scene in South Africa. Not
used Blacks to further its aims; but it was the first
time they had been used in this fashion.

Vigilante groups are set up, organised and sup-
Ported by pro-apartheid forces. Their targets are
always people resisting apartheid or bantustan
tule, and their purpose is to complement the legal
violence by the police and army. The advantage
of this to the regimie is that it is difficult to attach
blame for vigilante atrocities to its own official
armed forces. And because the vigilantes are
usually recruited from the Black community,
their actions — and resistance to them — can be
presented as "Black-on-Black violence.’

64

Racists Try to Justify Their Racism

This ‘Black-on-Black’ phrase has become
popular with the regime, asthe racists try to
justify their racism through attributing savagery,
‘tribalism and in-fighting to Black South Africans.
In turn, the regime hopes this portrayal will
justify its official repression and denial of human
Tights to the mass of our people. But once again,
the racists have miscalculated, and the truth has
come out. Vigilante violence is now firmly ex-
posed as originating with the regime and its
agents.

In the meantime, however, many vigilante
crimes continue as the regime tries to regain con-
trol of the townships. While vigilante groups
often use sticks and sjamboks, in many cases they
have resorted to petrol bomb, and even hand-
grenade, attacks on the homes of activists. From
Tumahole near the Vaal, to. Leandra and
Crossroads, the pattern has crystallised and
spread.

In Crossroads, over May and June,
vigilantes, armed, assisted and directed by the
police, attacked three surrounding squatter set-
tements. Their aim was to root out anti-apartheid
activists, community leaders they had driven
from Crossroads in January, and to win state
favour for themselves. In the battles that follow-
ed, they were able, with the direct intervention
of police and army, to render 70 000 people
homeless, with close on 50 dead.

@ In Thabong apd. Fort Beaufor:, vigilantes
linked to puppet community councils have acted
as private armies to terrorise local democratic
groups, and coerce consent for the councillors.
At least one of the victims in Thabong sustained
more than 100 raw cuts and weals from a



SOUTH AFRICA

PFP MP SAYS INFORMATION BUREAU 'DISCREDITED'
MBO40617 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2103 GMT 3 Sep 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Sept 3 SAPA~-The Bureau for Information should
be "closed down immediately before it does any more damage," Mr Peter Soal
(PFP [Progressive Federal Party] Johannesburg North) said today in the
special debate on the Soweto deaths.

The PFP motion, he said, called for the appointment of a judicial commission
of inquiry to investigate the events surrounding last week's shootings and the
actions of various authorities and organisations.

"My hope is that when organisations are investigated the actions of the
bureau for information will be included.

"Because the day after the shocking event the bureau announced that 13 people
had been killed. The following day, after newspapers throughout South Africa
had reported that in fact the figure had risen to 21, the bureau confirmed
this figure."

The bureau had also given a version of events which conflicted with other
versions of the shootings.

“How is it that these conflicting reports can come from the same incident?"
asked Mr Soal.

"The answer is quite simple: Because, I believe, the bureau is deliberately
manipulating the news and attempting to keep South Africans in the dark
about what is happening in this country."

Both the English and Afrikaans press had been critical of the bureau's handling
of the incident.

"It is clear the bureau has become totally discredited in the eyes of the
South African public and the laughing stock of the international press. The
Soweto incident was the final straw."

Mr Soal said newsmen were "browbeaten into submission by vague regulations and
sinister threats from the bureau."

With the threat of expulsion from the country hanging over them, it was no
wonder that pressmen regarded terms such as "white minority regime" and
"draconian" as being ruled out of order.

75



RENNIES SHIPPING GIVES SITUATION REPORT ON BEIRA

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 4 Sep 86 p 4

[Text]

SITUATION: report on
the Port of Beira trom
Rennies Shipping ~ and
Airfreight sent to citents.
Rail Link

@ Condition of line: A
rehabilitation project is
currently under way and
is being _ undertaken
jointly by CFM and NRZ.
The effect of this work is
evident in the  sig-
nificantly reduced transit
time for export cargoes.

@ Transit times: Since
last April there has been
a marked improvement in
the movement for con-
tainerlsed export cargoes
to Beira. The average
transit time during this
period being four to six
days (Mutare to Beira).
In one instance a con-
signment dispatched from
‘Bulawayo arrived in Beira
within six days.

On June 2 the NRZ
extended its service of
traffic to Gondola and it
is anticipated that transit
times will improve rather
than deteriorate.

@ Line capacity: Al-

least two trains per day,
current export volumes
only justify one train per
day. ‘The rail link fs,
therefore, —_underutilised
with additional capacity
in excess of 400 tonnes
per day,

‘The port

@ Rehabilitation work:
Since May 1 there has
been a noticeable increase

19274
cso: 3400/551

in both the speed and
volume of rehabilitation
work in the or
greatest significance to
Zimbabwean users is the

‘Tesurfacing of the con-.

tainer wharf. This project
is planned for completion
before the forthcoming

Tainy season,

‘The rehabilitation pro-
gramme is segmented
into “immediate” projects
which ae designed to im-
prove the efffictency of the
existing installations in
the short term and a
long-term 10-year plan to
increase both the capa-
city and facilities of the
port, as well as the com-
munications networks ser-
vicing the hinterland.
Current status
@ Breskbulk handling:
Observation of the port
in operation indicates ef-
ficient handling of car-
goes and records indicate
that a loading/discharge
rate of 300 tonnes per
hold per day is not over-

optimistte.

@ Breakbulk equipment:
At present the port is
adequately serviced with
three- six- and 10-tonne
cranes. Only one 20-tonne
crane is currently com+
missioned, but there is
limited requirement for
heavy lift. There are suffi-
cient forklifts to handle
‘existing volumes of break-
bulk cargo and two
20-tonne operational.

@ Warehousing: In the
context of current
volumes moving through

11

MOZAMBIQUE

the port warehousing
capacity is, to all intent
and purpose, .
@ Container han %
As the port has limited
container handling equip-
ment, containerised
movement ts restricted to
vessels using own con-
tainer  rig/equipment.
Most of the vessels cal-
ling at the port on 2
regular basis, however,
do have container hand-
ling ities and coD-
tainerised movement
through the port
viable. At present only
2oft. containers are being
handled.
Line services
@ Regular line services
afford sailings to the fol-
lowing ports: Antwerp -
Kobe, Bombay - Le, Havre,
Busan - Mombasa,
‘Bremernaven - Nagoy®
= Oslo, Dar es
Salaam - Rotterdam.
Dubai - Singapore, Ham-
burg - Tanga, Hong Kong

- (bul (London),
karate y Yokohama,
Keeling.

Numerous other _ ports
are serviced on ‘ less
regular basis, Detaila are
available on enquiry.

Genera!

@ There is a general
atmosphere of activity
about. the port and
the recent history of
transit. times, coupled
with keener seafreight
yates, makes the port ex-
tremely competitive,
particularly for Zim-
babwean exporters.



SOUTH AFRICA

AZAPO PRESIDENT WARNS OF BEIRUT-TYPE SITUATION
Durban POST NATAL in English 3-6 Sep 86 p 8

{Commentary by Saths Cooper, president of AZAPO]

[Text]
A FEW minutes before my 36th birth- been traumatised but the
day was due to end on June 11, I was entire nation has experi
arrested by members of the security In be. last year there
ii i has a steady slide
forces. Ironically, I had advised many down the path toward
colleagues to be careful as we could Beirut-type situation.
expect police attention in the run-up And, if a massive nation-
to June 16 when the system usually al intervention i kali.
overreacts. hood of the country
‘As I was the applicant in Supreme Court actions in emerging whole at the
Durban and Johannesburg overturning the ban on dawn of liberation is rex
meetings, and I could not see myself on the run mote. .
as all my political activities have been above board. In the bantustan parts
While I was being held under the emergency regula of our country we see
tions I heard that yet another passport application had warlord aggression by
been turned down. This was about the thirteenth time self-proclaimed dictators
that I was refused a passport; since I was 18 years old and their lieutenants. In
Thad been applying for a passport without success. Many townships we see
My very first application was to study abroad after the spectre of vigilantes
Thad been expelled from university. This last applica- wreaking havoc and the
tion had been to take up a Distinguished Student Fel- alarming internecine
lowship at Boston University where I would be enter- warfare between rival
ing a doctoral pro- . political factions in a bid
gramme in clinical/com- pained by what is going to assert the hegemony
munity psychology, a ‘on in the country, espe- and sole representation
field not offered locally cially the lack of clear of one group. Ny
and which is very impor- direction and the ap- Yet every two-bit po-
tant for a country like parent mindlessness of litico claims that he
ours. much that is done in the stands for democracy.
When I was released hame of the struggle. Obviously, most haven't a
from detention it was People have been clue what democracy en-
brought to my attention shocked at the type of ac- tails. If-more activists
that I had spent around a tivity, often self-destruc- understood the democrat-
quarter of my life in pris- tive and counter-product- ie process there would be
on and had excited the in- ive, that they are very little disarray with-
terest of state agencies witnessing and being sub- in the ranks of the libera-
for 20 years, especially jected to. tion movement.
since the formation of Over the last two years What else can we ex-
Saso. our country has been pect when many are edu-
1 have interacted with wracked by its worst cri- cated on the emotion of
hundreds of parents and sis. Not only have indi- political slogans and
children who have been viduals and communities chants.

70



DECREE ASSIGNS FUNCTIONS OF SECURITY AGENCIES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 Aug 86 p 16

[Text]

FEDERAL Government has
publishéd the enabling decree
setting out.the functions of the
three nationaf security agencies.

The decree, Number 19 of 1986
established the. Defence In-

‘telligence Agency (DIA), the Na-

tional Intelligence Agency (NIA)
and the State Security Service
(SSS). The agencies were carved
out of the Nigerian Security
Organisation (NSO).

19274

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3400/464

The Defence Intelligence Agen-
cy is charged with the prevention
and detection of crimes of
military nature against the
security of the country, protec-
tion and preservation of all
military classified matters on
security within and outside
Nigeria and other responsibilities
aifecting defence intelligence ofa
military nature, both within and
outside the country.

Responsibilities of the National
Intelligence Agency include
general maintenance of the coun-
try’$ security within and outside
in matters not related to military
issues and others affecting na-
tional intelligence outside
Nigeria.

‘The State Security Service is
responsible for the prevention
‘and detection of any crime
‘against the internal security of
the country within. Others are the
protection and preservation of all
non-military classified matters
on internal security and any.
other responsibilities affecting.
the nation’s internal security.

28

NIGERIA

The decree said the State
+ Security Service and the National
Intelligence Agency were respon-
sible to the President while the
Defence Intelligence Agency was
responsible to the Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff.

A co-ordinator of the three, ser-
vices would advise the President
on their activities, make recom-
mendations in relation to their
activities, corrolate and evaluate
intelligence reports and
disseminate such intelligence
within government.

He would also determine the
nymber and level of staff to be
employed by each of the agen-
cies, organise the transfer and
posting of existing staff of the
NSO.

Also published is the School
Year (Variation) Decree 1986
which formally changed the
school year from September to
June/July to January to
December. It repealed the School
Year (Variation) Act 1972.



Africans may be able to evade many sanctions, the
costs will be high, and this in itself is a form of
pressure. In a world recession, sanctions not only
tend to be more effective, as some of the better
studies of the Rhodesian experience have shown, but
are more wiilingly imposed. Industrialised nations
will be delighted to have the excuse to clamp down
on imports of South African coal, steel or citrus
fruit, since this will help to protect their own produ-
cers. Even the oil embargo, although breached by
at least one supertanker every week, has still proved
expensive. President Pieter Botha recently admitted
that oil sanctions have cost his country an additional
23 billion rands over the past decade. It is hardly
surprising that traders are queueing up to do business
with South Africa - but at a price.

/9317
CSO: 3400/527

99



SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

GOOD RELATIONS CONTINUE--Mbabane, 29 Aug (SAPA)--The South African Government
would do its utmost to maintain good relations with Swaziland and to

improve economic cooperation between the two countries, the deputy minister
of trade and industry, Mr Kent Durr, said today. Speaking at the Swaziland
International Trade Fair, he said the stance taken by the Swaziland Govern-
ment towards economic ties with South Africa contrasted starkly with the
unrealistic approach of some other neighboring countries. Economic coopera-
tion between Swaziland and South Africa was possible in spite of the
acknowledged political differences between the two countries. “Looking at
some of the forces working in from abroad upon the southern African situation,
it is a tragedy of our time that people who have gained by long association,
and that have everything to lose, are being set against each other by those
that have nothing to lose and everything to gain." He said the cooperation
between South Africa and Swaziland had grown and now covered many fields of
endeavor including agriculture, transport, justice and water affairs.

[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0005 GMT 29 Aug 86 MB] /9738

ARMS CACHES IN MATSAPA--Government sources in Swaziland said two separate
arms caches have been discovered. The arms, said to be of Russian origin,
were found hidden in drainage pipes in the Matsapa industrial area near
Manzini. One cache was found by electricity board workmen, while the other
was discovered by young children playing nearby. [Text] [Umtata Capital
Radio in English 1200 GMT 6 Sep 86 MB] /9738

cso: 3400/528

35



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK EDUCATION PLAN IN BRITAIN DISCUSSED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 24 Aug 86 p 1

[Text] Five thousand South African may be flown to Britain to be educated as
part of a bold new plan by business brains aimed at bringing an end to apartheid.

And South Africa's two other chief trading partners--the United States and West
Germany--will be asked to back the multi-million-rand scheme in order to avert
a titefor-tat sanctions war,

Even though the ambitious scheme is only in its embryo stage, the man behind

it, former British Oxygen chairman Sir Leslie Smith, is confident it will re-
ceive the blessings of Mrs Margaret Thatcher, President Reagan and Chancellor
Kohl of West Germany.

Sir Leslie is chairman of the British Industry Committee on South Africa,
waose 54 member firms include a host of household names.

Among them is Burmah Oil, whose subsidiary Quinton Hazell, the Midlands car
parts maker, has the British Prime Minister's husband, Denis, as a director.

Sir Leslie, a strong opponent of apartheid, said that during a visit to South
Africa a fortnight ago businessmen there gave his scheme a "tremendous wel-
come",

Boost

He wants black leaders in South Africa and President Botha's government to link
up in what would be the biggest-ever boost to black education in the sub-
continent.

Community groups like the Urban Foundation would act as go-betweens to get
the projects off the ground.

Sir Leslie said: "Nobody can gain if the blacks take control in South
Africa--as they will--and inherit an economy destroyed by apartheid,

"The level of education there is so low among blacks that there is little hope
of poverty being relieved, even if the blacks get control.

60



longer produce foodstuffs for their consumption and have to purchase them at
exorbitant prices in the urban centres. This is because pollutants from the
oil wells have affected their soil, air, fish ponds, drinking water and economic
trees, These arise from pipe leakages, gas flare, waste water ponds, blow-outs
and evaporation of hydrocarbon from waste-pits, The spokesman Prince Solomon
Amirahobu, recently informed the state's commissioner for Local Government and
Community Development, Dr Joseph Egberike, about the people's desire to be re-
settled by the oil firm, He argued that the 27 oil wells in the town produced
130,000 barrels of oil worth N3 million per day. Prince Amirahobu also called
on the Federal Government to review the oil Companies Act with a view to amend-
ing and making it mandatory for all oil companies to adequately compensate the
people for the damages done to their properties and provide social amenities

to them. The spokesman further complained that since the arrival of ELF in
Obagi town, 23 years ago, the firm could only boast of constructing access
roads to the area. The commissioner visited the town in connection with a
petition on the issue submitted to the state government in June, 1985. [Ex-
cerpt] [By Albert Ebenezer] [Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 31 Aug 86 p 12]
19274

PRICE INCREASES--After an initial fall at the beginning of this year, prices of
essential commodities, mostly detergents and baby foods, have again escalated
beyond the reach of the common man. A market survey carried out by the WEEKLY
STAR shows that apart from the rise in prices, most of these products, especial-
ly baby foods are fast disappearing from the markets and departmental stores.
For instance, at the Ogbete Market in Enugu, our survey shows that prices of
detergents like Omo now costs as much as N95 for a carton of the big size, as
against N65 six months ago, Same is of Elephant detergent which now costs as
much as N93 as against N63 of the same product earlier this year. Retail

prices for the big size of some of these detergents now cost between N10 and

N12 as against between N3,50 and N4.50 sold be retailers before the present
prices, Prices of bar soap and toilet soap are not left out in the escalation
as a carton of bar soap sold at N45 and NSO early this year is now at between
N55 and N65. Worse still, are the prices of baby foods which have gone up to
the extent that most traders are afraid to buy them for retailing. Again, at
the Ogbete Market and the Kingsway Departmental Store in Enugu, our survey
shows that prices of baby foods like Similac now cost between N6 and N6.50 for
the small tin, as against N3.50 earlier this year. Other baby goods like:

NAN, Lactogen and SMA whose prices have gone so high, seem to be virtually
unavailable at the departmental stores, while Cerelac, a product that accord-
ing to the traders is made in Nigeria, still floods the markets and departmental
stores partly because it is made in Nigeria and partly because it is not pre-
ferred popular with most customers, they claimed. The absence of these products
in the departmental stores, our reporters gathered, was as a result of irregular
supplies which have been attributed to lack of raw materials for the production
of the foods. However, traders at the Ogbete market see the situation differ-
ently; some of them attribute the absence of some and the increase in the prices
of others to low importation as a result of nonissuance of import licence to
most deserving traders. One of the traders at the Ogbete Market, Mr Kelvin
Umeh, told our reporters that the only way to bring down the prices is to flood
the markets and stores with these products which will definitely curtail the
activities of the hoarders, [Text] [Enugu WEEKLY STAR in English 10 Aug 86

p lj /9274

CSO: 3400/464 31



JAPANESE SCHOLARSHIPS FOR BLACK UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 25 Aug 86 p 8

[Text]

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PRETORIA. — In what has been described as
“the beginning of positive steps” to help South:
African blacks develop their human resources,

the Japanese Government has granted merit’

bursaries to 24 black students from the Univer-

sity of South Africa (Unisa) and the University,

of the North. . :

Speaking at a function at Unisa today, Mr Kat-
sumi Sezaki, Japanese Consulate-General, said al-
though his government had been consisistently op-
posed to the system of apartheid and had taken
restrictive measures against South Africa, it wanted.

to take positive steps by improving the standing of

the local black community.

‘The total amount of bursaries for 1986 is R57 217:
and will cover registration fees, cost of books, trav-
elling allowances and boarding expenses where ap-
plicable.

Accommodation

The approximate value of each bursary per year
— which will be awarded only to black students on
academic merit — is R750 for Unisa students and
R4000 for University of the North students, who
have to pay additional costs for accommodation.

A major sponsor of the bursaries is a Toyko-based
private non-profit making body known as the Africa

‘ociety of Japan, which last year raised R600-mil-
lion through a public appeal campaign to the Japa-
nese people.

Mr Sezaki said another TV campaign would be
launched in Japan to appeal for donations for people
in Africa and Asia. Some of the money raised would
go towards the scholarship fund for South African
blacks.

He appealed to the black students who had been
awarded the bursaries to “work hard so they can
show the Japanese people they are doing something
for the upliftment of their people”.

Earlier this year, the Japanese Government gave
R18 000 to two black students from Wits University.

63

SOUTH AFRICA



GOVERNMENT SUPPLIERS OF TECHNOLOGY NAMED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Aug 86 p 3

{article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

/9317

GOVERNMENT has carried
out the first stage of its plan to
co-ordinate public sector buy-
ing of computers and techno-

logy.

Bie companies have been cho-
sen to supply all the State’s needs in
computer terminals, and another
five for two-way radio systems.

‘The Standing Committee on El-
ectronics. is about to sift through
applications from companies want-
ing to supply 25-pin connectors.

Next is likely to be security equip-

ment.

‘Committee chairman Carel van
der Merwe, who is senior GM of the
Industrial Development Corpora-
tion, confirmed yesterday that the
committee had begun issuing lists
of suppliers from whom State bo-
dies must buy their equipment.

‘The approved suppliers of com-
puter terminals are Siemens, Tec-
netics, Comtec, Datacorp and An-
dromeda.

For two-way radios, the chosen
few are Philips, Motorola, Servitek,
Barcom and Quayle & Dowse.

cSO: 3400/524

100

account for an estimated 50%
total spending on electronics, ex-:
cluding consumer goods. :
Officials say the chief effects of a
co-ordinated buying and negotiat-
ing policy, will be:
The buying power will be such
that approved foreign suppliers
will be fess likely to disinvest,
O The assurance of a stable, long-
term market will encourage great-
er local manufacture of electronics
and encourage the local industry to
become self-reli:

Government organisations:

It.

‘Van der Merwe said the commit-
tee based its choice on companies’
technical ability, level of local con-
tent, prices, research facilities ard
record with other products. Each
supplier was approved for three

ars, during which time it would

id for every State tender.

SA Trans) Services has al-
ready signed a major contract with
Siemens for terminals, while
Escom is understood to have con-
cluded a deal with Tecnetics.

‘None of the approved suppliers is
guaranteed sales. wre



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

JAPAN DELIVERS ZIMBABWEAN MAIZE~-Nearly 9,900 tonnes of Zimbabwean maize was
delivered to Zambia recently, under an agreement reached with Japan last year.
A spokesman at the Embassy of Japan in Harare confirmed this week that his
country had, in September last year, agreed to purchase 9,854 tonnes of
white maize from Zimbabwe, in aid for Zimbia, at a total of 500 million
Japanese yen. At the exchange rate prevailing in September last year, the
consignment would therefore have been worth over 2$3.5 million. At current
rates it would be worth about Z$5.5 million, The maize was moved from the
Grain Marketing Board depot in Kwekwe, into storage in Kitwe, Zambia, re-
cently, The loading exercise took five weeks to complete, with the grain
being despatched at an average rate of 10 trucks every day, a spokesman

for the transporters, Mitchell Cotts Freight, said. The embassy spokesman
added that another agreement to supply more Zimbabwean maize to Zambia may
be signed soon, [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 15 Aug 86
pil] /9274

NONALIGNED ACTION ON SANCTIONS--The aim of sanctions against South Africa is
not to destroy ‘that country's economy but to force it to the negotiating
table. This has been stressed by the Zambian minister of foreign affairs
Luke Mwananshiku. Speaking in Harare he said sanctions were meant to bring
pressure on the South African Government to negotiate on the country's future.
He said once democracy has been established, the new government has to
inherit a viable economy. Commenting on the effect of sanctions on South
Africa's neighbors, he said some countries would be able to disengage quite
quickly, but he said some countries would be unable to disengate their
economies from that of South Africa. He reaffirmed that the Nonaligned
Movement countries will impose sanctions against South Africa. What is
needed, he said is material assistance for this in specific areas. [Text]
[Umtata Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 31 Aug 86 MB] /9738

BUFFER TO RSA SANCTIONS--The 15 members of the Preferential Trade Area [PTA]
have announced in Zambia that the organization is drafting plans to protect
members of the organization from the effects of international sanctions
against South Africa. The PTA strategy will focus on emergency measures for
the provision of goods to the more vulnerable members of the Frontline States,
but attention will also be given to ways of substituting South African
industrial and consumer goods. The use of alternative harbors for imports
and exports will also be examined. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in Afrikaans 0830 GMT 29 Aug 86 MB] /9738

41


SOUTH AFRICA

VAAL TRIANGLE REPORTS WORKER STAYAWAY
MBO31838 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1249 GMT 3 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Sept 3, SAPA--Vaal Triangle businesses reported between
10 and 60 per cent stayaways of their workers today on the second anniversary
of unrest in six Vaal townships.

Those who did go to work arrived late when PUTCO [Public Utility Transport
Corporation] suspended their services after several buses were stoned.

A spokesman at PUTCO said the company managed to maintain their peak hour
service but withdrew their buses to the townships from 8 p.m.

" she said.

"We'll be trying throughout the day to reinstate the service,
The works manager at a large industrial firm in Vereeniging said about

20 per cent of the factory's workforce arrived late and about 10-15 per cent
never arrived at all.

"Many of the remaining workers have asked to go home at 3 o'clock and I'm
meeting a liaison committee to discuss the matter," he said.

The secretary of the Vaal Triangle Chamber of Commerce, Mr M. Weitzmann,
had not received definite reports from businesses in the area except that
a large Vereeniging agricultural implements factory had reported a

60 per cent stayaway.

The managing director of Checkers, Mr Clive Weil, said 40 percent of their
Vaal Triangle workforce did not report for work.

However, a chemicals factory in Sasol reported a full attendance.
“Whenever there is trouble, the township where this factory draws its labour
from is always slower to react than others. This is because most of

the workers live in company homes and some are home owners," Mr Weitzmann
said.

83



CHAD

FRENCH DEPUTY INTERVIEWED ON MILITARY COOPERATION

Paris LE FIGARO in French 3 Aug 86 p 7

[Interview with Deputy Pierre Sergent by Claude Jacquemart; date and place not
specified; first paragraph is LE FIGARO introduction]

[Text] Francois Fillon, RPR [Rally for the Republic] deputy from Sarthe and
chairman of the National Defense Committee, headed a parliamentary mission to
Chad and the Central African Republic from 4 to 11 July of this year. Pierre
Sergent, FN [National Front] deputy from Pyrenees-Orientales, was a member of
that mission. Here he shares with us his thoughts, informed by his experience
as a former officer in the Foreign Legion, on the French military presence in
the two countries visited. .

Question: As far as our military assistance is concerned, what do you
remember from your visit to Chad and the Central African Republic?

Answer: I discovered two totally different atmospheres. Our troops in Chad
are in the midst of Operation "Sparrow Hawk"--that is, they are living under
the strain of a permanent alert. Our airmen have adopted the most effective
operational methods and are ready to react within a few seconds to an air
attack or within a few minutes to ground attacks in the vicinity of the 16th
parallel. They are using the most modern equipment to listen to the enemy and
keep permanent watch on the territory. This real-life exercise is enabling
them to test the most sophisticated equipment. Despite the temperature and
the sand, that equipment seems to be operating perfectly. I wouldn't give
much for the chances of anyone who might try to fly over N'Djamena, as a
Tupolev from Libya did a few months ago.

Question: So you feel that our military presence in Chad constitutes an
effective deterrent as far as threats from the north are concerned?

Answer: Colonel Gaultier's airmen, who are admirably precise in their work,
convinced me personally: "Sparrow Hawk" is a deterrent force that al-Qadhdhafi
would be wrong to underestimate. Mirages and Jaguars, always "ready to go"
and refueled in flight when necessary by C-135's, are in a position to deal
him some hard blows. Reinforcements brought in from the Central African
Republic by air would make it possible within a few hours to help the Chadian



SENEGAL

Briefs
Cooperation With DPRK

SWAZILAND

Catholic Bishop Supports Sanctions Against RSA
(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 28 Aug 86)..

Briefs
Good Relations Continue
Arms Caches in Matsapa

ZAIRE
Strengthening of Bilateral Cooperation With Morocco
(Monsa Iyaka Duku; ELIMA, 4 Jul 86)....cccececececececeeee
Editorial Views Nation's Return to OAU as 'Significant'
(ELIMA, 28 Jul 86).....eeccecscccccecccccccerererercsonces
Executive Council Examines Draft Budget for 1987
(ELIMA, 26-27 Jul 86)......
Briefs
Argentina Offers Line of Credit
ZAMBIA
Briefs
Japan Delivers Zimbabwean Maize
Nonaligned Action on Sanctions
Buffer to RSA Sanctions
- U.S. Accused of Blackmail
Preparations Against RSA Maneuvers
ZIMBABWE

Ministry Seeks Alternate Sources of Medicinal Drugs From RSA
(THE HERALD, 20 Aug 86).....-.s-eeeeeeee ber eeececrercreree

Negotiations With Pakistan for Development of Caustic Soda Plant
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 15 Aug 86).......eeee. eee ceevene

Talks Held With Hungarian Pharmaceutical Company
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 15 Aug 86)......eeeeee

Gifts From Norway, Sweden To Aid Services, Water Supply
(THE HERALD, 22 Aug 86)........-

-e-

32

33

35

35

36

37

38

40

43

44

45

46



ZAIRE

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL EXAMINES DRAFT BUDGET FOR 1987
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 26-27 Jul 86 p 8

[Text] The Executive Council held its weekly enlarged meeting at the Council
Building this Friday, 25 July 1986, under the chairmanship of First State
Commissioner Kengo wa Dondo, member of the Central Committee and the Political
Bureau, who began the meeting by passing on the directives from the chairman-
founder of the MPR and president of the republic concerning the operation of
the Executive Council's departments.

The council's deliberations during the meeting were devoted exclusively to an
examination of the draft state budget for fiscal 1987 as presented by the
state commissioner for finance, budget, and portfolio.

Revenues: 58 Billion Zaires

The preparation of this draft budget is characterized by a cautious approach
to forecasts concerning state revenues, which are currently estimated at 58

billion zaires.

That volume of revenues was proposed after taking into account the present
economic situation, the collection capability of the departments, and the
probable level of revenues at the end of the current fiscal period.

Expenditures: 61 Billion Zaires

The draft budget estimates expenditures at 61 billion zaires, 6 billion of
which will be allocated to the investment budget.

The report by the state commissioner for finance, budget, and portfolio was
followed by a lengthy debate, during which the council members made
suggestions and recommendations aimed not only at increasing the state's
overall revenues but also at distributing credits in accordance with the
priority needs of each sector of national life.

The Executive Council dwelt at length on the need to ensure an optimal

mobilization of revenues and, with that in mind, decided on mechanisms likely
to enable the departments concerned to improve their efficiency.

38



SOUTH AFRICA

ECC HOLDS FIRST CAPE MEETING SINCE EMERGENCY
MBO50910 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0734 GMT 5 Sep 86

[Text] Cape Town, Sept 5 SAPA--The End Conscription Campaign (EEC) last
night held its first public meeting in the western Cape since the state of
emergency was imposed on June 12. The meeting, attended by 700 people in the
Sea Point civic centre, formed part of a nationwide ECC "right to speak"
campaign.

Addressing the audience, the former PFP [Progressive Federal Party] MP for
Pinelands, Dr Alex Boraine, outlined what he termed "five roadblocks" that
had to be removed "on the road to peace in South Africa":

--The system of apartheid. He singled out the population registration act
as a "measure that will have to go."

--Political prisoners must be set free.
--The unbanning of banned organizations.

—The tri-cameral parliament--"The most positive thing the members of the
Houses of Representatives and delegates can do for peace in South Africa
is to resign en bloc. Now."

—White ignorance of the "real situation" in the country--"if a society is
denied truth and if the public media manipulates it, then that society is
on the way to disintegrate."

Cape Town EEC chairman, Mr Nic Borain, said the ECC had been "singled out":
for security force action during the state of emergency. "But I want to
tell Magnus (General Malan) and (Mr Louis) le Grange: that Thorn (the ECC)
is back a little stronger and for a little longer."

UDF [United Democratic Front] member Maulana Faried Esack said that the
UDF "salutes the ECC for having had the courage to call this meeting. The
ECC, for us, symbolises the fact that our struggle is not against whites."

Sir Richard Luyt said he had been "happy to support," the EEC ever since it
came into existence and endorsed the ECC's "right to speak" campaign.

/8309 69
cso: 3400/540



SOUTH AFRICA

SACC OUTLINES EFFECTS OF HOMELAND INCORPORATION
MB0S0617 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1231 GMT 4 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Sept 4 SAPA--Should the border of particular states
extension amendment bill presently before parliament be passed by Friday,
September 5, 1986, it will mean that thousands of South Africans will lose
their citizenships, the South African Council of Churches [SACC] said ina
statement issued today.

"The bill provides for the incorporation of land into the four independence
homelands, and includes many black communities who up until now have success—
fully resisted attempts to incorporate or move them into the homeland. In
the Transvaal alone about 50,000 people will be affected. Four of these
communities, Machakoneng, Bloedfontein, Braklaagte and Leeuwfontein are all
due to be incorporated into Bophuthatswana. In addition, the 15,000 strong
Boedfontein community stands to be forcibly removed onto land in Kwandebele.
Bophuthatswana wants their land but not the residents who are non-Tswanas,"
the statement issued by the general secretariat says.

"should the incorporation go ahead these communities will lose any benefits
from the abolition of influx control. They will now fail under the Aliens
Act and will have less freedom of movement then ever before. The residents
of Machakoneng and Braklaagte have already applied for new ID documents

and RSA citizenship but will now not get this if they are incorporated. It
has been reported that Bophuthatswana wants anyone who renounces Bophuthatswana
citizenship in favour of South African, to leave the homelands. This means
that these freehold communities may also be persecuted to the point where
they may have to leave their land after incorporation. This will in fact
mean forced removal will go ahead as a consequence of this action," the
statement says.

/8309
cso: 3400/540

78



wd

3

rent

8100

G

JPRS-SSA-86-100
30 SEPTEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY FASTEST GROWING SECTOR

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Aug 86 p 26

(Article by Marilyn Cohen]

[Text]

/9317

imported — components
and licenced know-how,
and was in danger of dis-

cso: 3400/524

indittry
would have to develop an
export capability sooner
or later if it was to sur-
vive. No country, includ-

- END -

104

SOUTH AFRICA

ing the US and Japan, has
anational market capable
of sustaining a competi-
be added.

all the major electronic
firms in the country bave

ment of the electronics in-
dustry been left to the pri-
vate sector only.



MOZAMBIQUE

Special Cargo Vessels Boost Beira Port
(THE HERALD, 29 Aug 86)....... detec ween ence cence eeenee seeee

Rennies Shipping Gives Situation Report on Beira
(THE HERALD, 4 Sep 86) .cecssccecscccccerceccccesserenscere

Briefs
Elections Underway

NIGERIA

OIC Membership Raised Religion to National Issue
(Godwin Agbroko; THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN, 28 Aug 86) ccc eeeeee

Governor Appointments, Reassignments Announced
(NEW NIGERIAN, 27 Aug 86)..--ccceccccccccecccrcesecceeeses

Paper Questions Deposition of Muri Emir
(Editorial; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 24 Aug 86)......sseseeceeceeee

Factions Complicating Oil Workers' Union Dispute
(Jackson Imafidon; BUSINESS TIMES, 11 Aug 86).........+- oe

Uneven Economic Development Causes Dissatisfaction
(Benson Upah; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 31 Aug 86)..

Anambra Electrification, Water, Road Projects Reviewed
(DAILY STAR, 7 Aug 86).

Livestock Statistics Found Inadequate for Good Planning
(NEW NIGERIAN, 21 Aug 86)....-seccccescocccscceeeneeoccere

Farm Settlements for Ex-Servicemen Planned
(DAILY STAR, 17 Aug 86)...-scecceccecvcccccecccereeessccee

Government Measures To Promote Computers Urged
(Ngozi Ikeano; BUSINESS TIMES, 11 Aug 86)......--eeceeeeee

Educational Policies Described as 'Tragedy'
(Ray Ekpu; NEWSWATCH, 18 Aug 86)..

Decree Assigns Functions of Security Agencies
(NEW NIGERIAN, 26 Aug 86)...esscerecececcces ee eeeeeeee see

Briefs
Cross River Basin Authority
Kainji Power Station
Maiduguri Flour Mill Prices
Benue Development Association Proscribed
Bauchi Contract With Yugoslav Company
Oil Company Pollution Claim
Price Increases

-b-

10

11

12

15

16

18

19

21

22

23

24

26

28

29
29
30
30
30
30


EDUCATIONAL POLICIES DESCRIBED AS "TRAGEDY’

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 18 Aug 86 p 4

{Column by Ray Ekpu]
[Text]

igeria appears to have the uncan-

ny ability of creating problems

where there is none and the un-
cannier ability of compounding problems
where they exist. Perhaps in no area is this
plague more noticeable outside the
political and economic arena than in the
classrooms.

Several-years back, the school calendar
started in September and ended in June,
with two short holidays in between and a
long one at the end. Now, that old order is
about to change and about to yield place
to a new one. The school year will now
run from January to December, having
two short holidays and one long one. But
no one has been able to tell the nation
what useful purpose all of this gerry-
mandering is supposed to serve.

The vague excuse we get comes from
the doubtful assumption that the pupils
will be available to work in the farms dur-
ing the holidays and Nigeria will be free
from the bondage of importing rice from
Asia and corn from America. But the
truth is that the January-to-December
calendar is no big discovery, for it was in
practice in this country and it didn’t get us
anywhere.

‘Again, several years back, the univer-
sities were conducting their admission of
students independently. Each potential
student would apply to all the universities
of his choice listing his course preferences.
Some of the students, the bright ones,
would end up having admission letters
from several universities at once and they
would pick and choose the most attrac-
tive, while most of the students, par-
ticularly the not-so-bright ones, found

26

NIGERIA

themselves picking up letters of regret
each time they went to the post office. A
central co-ordinating body that would be
responsible for admissions in all the
universities was therefore conceived as the
solution to the wastage. .

But the Joint Admissions and
Matriculation Board, JAMB, that was
supposed to be the solution became the
problem. It got caught up in a quagmire
of endemic problems: its computers were
breaking down by the minute and, when
they were not breaking down, they were
spewing out garbage; some of the staff, as
part of their fringe benefits, started
fishing for girlfriends from amongst the
stack of JAMB forms. Together, men and
machines were to drive the organisation
— and education — into a jam.

When you have walked through the
maze of confusion and got into the
universities, you are confronted with an
oppressive atmosphere, one that forbids
males from visiting female hostels. Wasn't
that the genesis of the bloody incident at
the Ahmadu Bello University, “Zaria,
where the police mowed down some inno-
cent students? And then the government
that stepped in to sort out the mess ended
up compounding the problems of educa-
tion, not only at the ABU, but in the en-
tire country.

Now, the students’ right of free associa-
tion in a national union of students has
been taken away. The lecturers have been
called names — communists and socialists
— and they carry about with them the
odious tag of people who are not teaching
what they are paid to teach. The new Mc-
Carthys are abroad in the land, afraid of



SOUTH AFRICA

GROUP SAYS 48 TOWNSHIPS BOYCOTTING RENT PAYMENTS
MB050814 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0806 GMT 5 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Sept 5 SAPA--Two years after residents of the Vaal
triangle protested against rent increases by marching on administration
board offices, 48 townships countrywide are boycotting rent payments, the
community research group [CRG] said in its latest report released this week.
The majority of the townships--22—-is in the Transvaal, with 19 in the
Eastern Cape and border, five in the Free State, and one each in the Northern
Cape and Natal.

"Despite allegations from the Soweto councils of intimidation as the primary ~-
cause of the success of the rent boycott, events in white city, Jabavu and
other parts of Soweto last week raise substantial doubts as to the credibility
of the intimidation thesis," the report said. The CRG said if the boycott

was the result of intimidation, it was likely that counter-action from the
authorities would end the boycott but that the events in white city last

week revealed the opposite. "Such mass participation cannot result from
intimidation and is far more likely to be the result of underlying socio-
economic and political grievances," the CRG said.

It said a survey in 1981 revealed that 70 percent of the white city households
were living below the breadline and research since then calculated that
unemployment among economically active blacks had risen from 21.1 percent

to 25 to 30 percent.

/8309
cso: 3400/540

85



SOUTH AFRICA

TUCSA OFFICIAL CALLS FOR BLACKS IN DECISLONMAKING
MB030729 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1856 GMT 3 Sep 86

[Text] President's Council, Sept 3, SAPA--Accommodation of the black man

as an equal partner in the decision-making process was an absolute pre-
requisite for the creation of an economy that would solve the employment
problem in a sustained way, the vice-chairman of TUCSA [Trade Union Council
of South Africa] Mr Willie van der Merwe, said today.

Addressing the President's Council on the creation of employment, Mr van der
Merwe said the measures announced over the past few months costing hundreds
of millions of rand were "little more than cosmetic."

"They do not address the core of the growing unemployment problem which is
mainly structural.

“What is required is a federal system with elements of the Swiss Cantons that
would provide for the invomvement of the total South African population in
the development of the country.

"Right at the moment these people are so frustrated that they talk of nothing
else but a new radical political order."

Leaders of organised labour knew, because these people were member fellow
workers.

"The economy will grow at an accommodating rate when a political system
acceptable to the majority South Africans has been devised. We cannot accept
that South Africans of all races and creeds do not have the wisdom and
goodwill to accommodate each other.

"The enemies of South Africa could not have hoped for a better climate in
which to launch the attack than that which has prevailed for the last year
or two.

"We want to repeat our main postulation, namely that the model that is

presently in the process of being developed is inherently so fragmented and
atomistic that it is largely disfunctional," Mr Van der Merwe said.

80



MALAWL

NEW COMPANY'S FLEET ADDS TO NATION'S OPERATIONS, ROUTES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 15 Aug 86 p 2

{Text] A new transport company, Star International Haulage, began operations
in Malawi last month to develop routes to or through Zimbabwe, Botswana,
Zambia and possibly Tanzania and South Africa.

The Africa Economic Digest said last week that Star was one of several trans-
port operations approved recently by the Malawi government under plans to set
up an umbrella organisation to encourage small-scale local concerns to enter
into regional transport operations,

In cooperation with the state-owned Malawi International Transport Company
Qfitco), Star International will offer administration services to such con-
cerns in the acquisition of fuel, permits, insurance cover, commercial vehicle
guarantees, security arrangements, despatch advice and recovery services.

Its fleet at present consists of six Scammell trucks worth about US$542,000
purchased through Leyland Motor Corporation in Blantyre, the local subsidiary
of Britain's Rover Group (formerly BL) and semi-trailers manufactured locally
by PEW.

It is also of interest that direct dialling facilities to Zimbabwe were intro-
duced in Malawi last month, These serve subscribers connected to the Balaka,
Blantyre, Kamuzu international airport, Kanengo, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Mangochi,
Msuzu and Zomba telephone exchanges.

19274
cso: 3400/553



MINISTER SHAVA SPELLS OUT NEEDED DROUGHT RELIEF

Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Aug 86 p 5

{Text ]

19274
cso:

PRELIMINARY Government estimates indicate that Zimbabwe needs at
least $40 million for drought relief thie year, the Minister of Labour,
Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Dr Frederick Shava, said yester-

Defending his minis-
try's vote for this finan-
cial year in the Assembly,
Cde Shava said the $1,4
million set aside for relict
operations fell “far far
short of our requires
Meine department of

of so-
cial services believed that
at least $4 million would
be required every month
for drought victims until
May next year, he said.

“We need more funds
for this purpose,” he said,
to cover Matabeleland,
parts of Masvingo and the
Midlands which had been
hit by drought for a sec-
ond time since independ-
ence in 1980.

minister was reply-
ing to points raised by
Cde Steven Nkomo:(Zapu,
Matobo) who had describ-
ed the situation in his
constituency as “alarms

ing”.

Cde Mkomo told the
Assembly. that out of the
20000 identified victims
of drought in the area,

3400/556

only 8000 had received
food aid so far.

Cde Shava said the
drought relief committee
was examining ways of
introducing the food-for-
work scheme in affected
areas to reduce the costs
of the operation,

But, he said, this de-
pended on the ability of
ministries to initiate
labour-intensive projects

camps used disp!

Mozambicans in Zimba-
we, Cde Shava said the
facilities were permanent
and would be used by Zi-
mbabweans as soon as the
foreigners left the coun-

try.
‘These included clinics,
recreational facilities and

houses.

‘The minister said new
regulations were introd-
uced by the Government
recently to determine
labour disputes, thus re-
moving the absolute pow-
er which previously rest-
ed on him to decide on

50

employers and the Gov-
ernment now meet to re-
view ail such cases and,
in the event of a failure
to agree, the matters were
referred to hearing of-
ficers, .

Should a disagreement
continue to persist over 2
particular case, he said,
the matter might be fur-
ther referred to the
labour relations board,
from which it could be
taken up by the labour

‘The tribunal was chair-
ed by a High Court judge
(it is also deputised by
another High — Court
judge). If the tribunal's
decision failed to satisty
all the parties, then either
party could appeal to the
Supreme Court, said Cde
Shava.

ZIMBABWE



maintained its efforts to make representation at local and international level
on behalf of labour. [By Claire Pickard-Cambridge] [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 27 Aug 86 p 3] /13046

OPERATION HUNGER HELPS DESTITUTE--Operation Hunger has to feed 950 000
destitute people--most of whom are children. And its fund-raising director
Bernard McHardy said at a ceremony marking the handing over of two containers
of canned pilchards worth more than R100 000: "We are desperate for funds as
we can only help 700 000 people." The donation was made by Federal Marine
advertising manager Ian Campbell on behalf of the inshore fishing industry
for the third successive year. McHardy said: "Recession and resultant
retrenchments have placed an enormous strain on resources. Therefore we
appeal to more of the business community to give on a regular basis."
Executive director Ina Perlman said: "What we particularly appreciate is that
the donation was given in spite of a shortage of supply and was not surplus
stock." [By SophieTema] [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

27 Aug 86 p 3] /13046

BLACK BOYCOTTS SEEN AS PLEA -=Black boycotts of white businesses should be
seen as a cry for help and an appeal to whites to acknowledge the plight of
blacks in South Africa. This is the view of Mr Tony Gilson, chairman of

the Port Elizabeth Chamber of Commerce, who has been involved in several
attempts to solve the eastern Cape boycott crisis. Speaking at an Institute
of Personnel Management seminar on industrial relations in Sandton yesterday,
Mr. Gilson urged white South Africans not to see only what they wanted to
see. He said long-term solutions were needed and whites should resist the
temptation to adopt quick-fix, short-term solutions which would prolong the
political crisis. He warned that black political groups had considerable
support. "Contrary to popular belief, organisations like the United
Democratic Front and many other civic associations and community bodies have
considerable grassroots support. We do not have a situation where a small
minority is manipulating a complacent majority. In Port Elizabeth during
prolonged boycotts of white businesses, intimidation. alone could not have
kept the boycott going. There is a view that as long as whites sort out a
few things that bother blacks, blacks will go back to being happy. This I
call the "happy little Sambo syndrome' because it is simply not the reality."
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 13] /13046

WARNING ABOUT AWB--The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) had the potential
to spur some of its undisciplined hangers-on into actions which could plunge
South Africa in a Lebanon-type conflict, an expert warned today. There was
ample evidence that sympathisers of the AWB did not have the same self-
discipline as members of the movement, said Mr Abie du Plesis, senior
researcher of the Institute for Africa and Political Studies at Potchefstroom
University. Speaking at a symposium on resistance movements in Southern
Africa, he said Lebanon was characterised by the increasing militarisation

of factional groups among the population. The result was that none of them
succeeded in promoting {ts own interests--and a senseless shooting war
developed. "The fact that the AWB leadership is forcefully spurring people
into being able to defend themselves could prompt its undisciplined hangers-on
to take action on their own," Mr du Plessis said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
STAR in English 22 Aug 86 p 7] /13046

92



19274
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3400/555

Instead, there would be
more understanding of
one another's political
position, more tolerance
of different ways of

What kind of society is

_this_where not only has a

working and the ability -

to rise above the re-
straints of individual per-
sonalities.

Ours is a country of
stark contrasts where
mediocrity seems to be
the overriding norm. No-
where is this more ap-
parent than within the
ranks of a liberation
movement that cannot
overcome its pettifogging
and get on with the stren-
uous task of leading the
nation to a freedom that
they can readily identify
with.

‘The tragedy is not that
rival factions are squab-
bling — it is that we are
destroying our youth.
Over the last couple of
years hundreds of thou-
sands of children have
been out of school.

They-have been socia-
lised in so many other
ways and have been
forced to experience
what whole societies

have not been expected «

to undergo. They have
been nurtured on street-
wiseness and brutality.
When you experience
violence at a tender age
only a short leap sepa-
rates you from brutalis-
ing others. And since you

cannot easily assail your |

enemy you turn on those
around you.

This is what is happen-
ing in many townships
where parents fear for
their children, them-
selves and the future.
Why should a toiling
worker be made to en-
dure drinking cooking oil
and eating soap powder,
not merely because a
consumer boycott was
called without his consul-
tation but’ particularly
when it was imposed at
short notice an a unilat-
eral whim?

71

war been declared on
school children but where
we fear our children?

In Cambodia children
just out.of puberty suffo-
cated “deviationists” by
forcing blue plastic bags
over their heads. Here we
have the indiscriminate
branding of persons as
“collaborators” who are
burnt to death after a
tyre has been forced over
their heads.

‘What sort of madness
is this when a couple of
young men who gave up
the best years of their:
life on Robben Island are
burnt to death?

Imagine the agony of

its who are at a loss
when it comes to their
offspring, parents who
are for the struggle but
who ache for a healthy
environment for their

children.

What of a political
leadership which is
largely helpless and
seemingly afraid to over-
come their narrow or-
ganisational constraints
and do something effec-
tive at a national level to
restore proper direction
to the oppressed and ex-
pioited majority?

While there is this
search for a resolution of
the conflicts plaguing the
black community the
whites are as lost as
ever.

‘They still cling to the
privileged lifestyle got-
ten at the expense of
blacks and are worrying
about sanctions that will
reduce the gap between
them and us. They have
no idea what is happen-
ing in the townships.

It is time.that ordi-
nary, caring citizens de-
cided to be more forth-
right in their criticism of
what is happening in
their name and vigorous-
ly petition community
and national leaders to
end the chaos before be-
fore their children be-
come a lost generation.



SENEGAL

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH DPRK--The working visit of DPRK Ambassador Hwang Chol-su

to the Ziguinchor Region has ended. Hwang Chol-su left Zinguinchor for
Dakar this morning at the end of a 2-day visit. Here are more details from
our Ziguinchor reporter Oumar Diallo: [Diallo] This visit falls within the
framework of the implementation of the protocol agreement for economic and
technical cooperation between the Senegalese government and the DPRK,
following the visit of the head of state, President Abdou Diouf, to that
country, which is Senegal's friend. In fact, the two countries are jointly
setting up a project named the (Kamobantoro) project which will be launched
very soon in the Ziguinchor region. It concerns the development of 6,000
hectares of land in the Zinguinchor region. The DPRK ambassador, who arrived
in Zinguinchor on 18 August, reviewed the entire draft project with the
regional authorities. [Excerpt] [Dakar Domestic Service in French 2000

GMT 20 Aug 86 AB] /9738

cso: 3400/492

32



ZIMBABWE

NEGOTIATIONS WITH PAKISTAN FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CAUSTIC SODA PLANT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 15 Aug 86 p 1

[Text]
NEGOTIATIONS are under way

between the Industrial Develop- -

ment Corporation and Pakistan
for the development of a $9 mil-
lion caustic soda plant in Zim-
babwe, which, it is envisaged,
would cater for both the local and
the Sadcc regional markets.

Mr Abid Javed Akbar, zommer-
cial secretary at the Pakistani Em-
bassy in Harare. told the Gazerte
this week that the proposed joint
venture would be in line with
Pakistan's efforts to divert bilater-
al relations between the two coun-
tries away from the area of
straightforward two-way trade.

“The bilateral trade agreement
was signed three years ago". he ex-
plained. “‘and since then we have
been trying to develop trade — not
very successfully because the econ-
omies of the two countries are not
complementary but supplementary.
The primary commodities we export
are mainly agricultural and have no
market here. Zimbabwe's main ex-
ports. such as tobacco. cotton and
coffee have none in Pakistan.

“So we have come to realise that
instead of normal strategies. we
would have to use unconventional
methods. Thus our first participa-
tion in the Zimbabwe International
Trade Fair was token: The idea was
to introduce our goods here, to give

19274
cso: 3400/550

the local person some idea of stan-
dards and quality and thus precipi-

tate the development of smail

export-orientated joint ventures

Such ventures must amount to $5
million and above, hence the caus-
tic soda plant is being seriously con-
sidered. Initially, it was meant to be
between Pakistan and a certain lo-
cal group of chemical companies.
but now negotiations have reached
“fairly advanced stage” with the
IDC, said Mr Akbar.

**Plant and machinery would be
supplied by Pakistan. Not ail of it,
because our experts have been here
and were happy to note that many
of the manufacturing components
could be fabricated locally. So about
half could come from Pakistan and
half from here.

“The completed plant would
cater for local needs but also the
final product could be exported to
other countries in the Sadce region.
‘The project, incidentally, already
has a place on the Sadce schedule
of industries".

SPORTS GOODS

Other areas that have been exa-
mined by Pakistan in the quest for
more joint ventures include the
manufacture of surgical instruments
and of sports goods. both of which
commodities are traditionally

44

produced by small-scale industries
in that country.

‘Success has been registered in
sports goods. with the development
of a project by a local group which
has already visited Pakistan to as-
sess the technologies available.
Their case is now being processed
by the Ministry of Industry and
Technology. said Mr Akbar.

“With counter-trade gaining
ground in this region", he con-
tinued, “*we wouid like a share in
that too. We have identified certain
commodities that could be import-
ed from Zimbabwe. in exchange for
essential items like rice and capital
goods. This way. deals like the
3 500 tonnes of rice we supplied to
the Grain Marketing Board in
February, could be processed"*

‘At next year’s trade fair in
Bulawayo, Pakistan will have a
teamtrained “to reflect rural tech-
nology and agro-based industries",
Mr Akbar said. ‘We feel that be-
cause Pakistan, like Zimbabwe. has
80% of its population living in the
rural areas and because of the way
we have developed in these fields.
there is a lot we can share.

“Our technology is based on the
western concept but we have in-
troduced into it that vital ingredient:
manpower. That is what we want t0
share with Zimbabwe"



MAIZE MEAL, BEEF PRICE INCREASES CRITICIZED

[Text]

19274
cso:

Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Aug 86 p 1

THE Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions yes-
terday expressed shock at the price increases

on maize meal and
beef gazetted on Mon-
day.

In a statement, the
president of the orgonis-
ation, Cde Jeffrey Muta-
ndare, said the low-

3400/552

income group already
spends 55 percent on food.

According to the Gov-
ernment Gazette, the
maximum retail price of
maize meal went up hy
about 14 percent while
the price of beet increase
ig to cater for recent in-
creases to producers of
lower grade beef.

“The 14 percent js dis-
turbing. Minimum wages
tor the
group have only risen by
10 percent. The recent
price hikes leaves them
nowhere.”

His organisation wns
concerned with how
workers would make ends
et when the cost of

ponding wage review’
He said it was becom-
ing Increasingly difficult
ior the low income groug
to affcra basic require-
ments and spelt out that

49

low, - income:

guech a “trend hag unfor-
timate health repercus-
sions", If the workers
cannot afford minimum
subsistence, this affects,
not health’ hut producti-

vity.

“tn ZCTU's opinion the
price control mechanism
1g ineffective and it iiss:
beeeme the norm that
workerg are kept in sus-

. pense as to what is goiny

wp next,” Cae Mutandare
arid

‘The veteran — trade
unionist added that it wos
a soctalist tenet to suosi-
dise basic commodities
and “ZCTU deplores the:
unorthodox methods em-
ployed by some manutac-
turing companies of creat-
Ing artificial shortages so
uy to demand price in-

“The ZCTU_ theret
believes that it is exp
dient to speed up wag
increases in order to re-
constitute the worker oa
the economic map.”



TALKS HELD WITH HUNGARIAN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 15 Aug 86 p 1

[Text]

19274
cso:

AHIGH-LEVEL delegation from —

the Hungarian pharmaceutical in-
dustry recently held preliminary
discussions in Zimbabwe on a

exchange
through import substitution and
exports.

With some of the proposed
projects, Zimbabwe would be the
first country in sub-Saharan Africa
to have such industries.

However, the technical director
of Caps, Mr Henry Briscoe, told the
Gazette this week, they are still at

an exploratory stage, with detailed
studies still to be carried out before
a further meeting is held with the
Hungarians.

Four of the projects would be car-
ried out on a joint-venture basis be-
tween a Hungarian pharmaceutical
company, Medimpex, and. Caps

3400/550

(Pvt) Lid.

‘The first project is for the mar-
keting of pharmaceuticals which
have been researched and developed
in Hungary. “‘It was agreed that
they will send us samples of these,
together with the comprehensive
technical literature,"’ said Mr
Briscoe.

“If it is felt that the drugs have
a place in Zimbabwe, we will first-
ly assist in processing the applica-
tion for registration with the
Zimbabwe Drugs Control Council,
and if we obtain clearance, an
agreement will be entered into to

- manufacture the drugs under licence

in Zimbabwe.

“Another project is for the local
manufacture of veterinary phar-
maceuticals and again, if, the
products are suitable, they could be
manufactured under licence.””

In addition, a pharmaceutical raw
material project, was discussed, and
a project for the manufacture of bi-
ological preparations for human and

45

veterinary use will be looked into.

Medimpex and another local Caps
subsidiary, McDonalds Scientific
(Pvt) Lid, also undertook to inves-
tigate various projects. One is for
the manufacture-of laboratory
‘chemicals, and another is for the
manufacture of medical and dental
accessories.

Mr Briscoe said that with the
‘spare capacity in Zimbabwe's plas-
tics industry, coupled with the fact
that there ‘is- a good. mould-
manufacturing facility in the coun-
try, this would help these two
projects’ viability.

The manufacture of biological
reagents and diagnostic aids, which
at present are being imported, was
also discussed as a possible project
with McDonald's. The Hungarians
further hinted at the possible local
manufacture of insecticides, herbi-
cides, and fungicides.

Mr Briscoe told the Gazerte:
“Caps emphasised that in these

ideas, they were looking for the pro- -

vision of jobs for Zimbabweans
earning foreign currency by impor.
substitution and exports, and the
utilisation of local raw materials.
“In each case the projects were
merely noted by both sides with a
view to carrying out detailed studies
before calling a further meeting in
early 1987.
e received a very positive im-
pression from the Hungarian dele-
gation who seemed sincere in their
wish to cooperate." he said.



SOUTH AFRICA

MP CLAIMS DETAINEES LIST ‘DELIBERATELY JUMBLED'
MB091930 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1857 GMT 9 Sep 86

[Text] Cape Town, 9 Sep (SAPA)--Detainees lists issued by the government
were "deliberately being jumbled" in order to make it difficult to monitor
detentions, Mr Graham Mcintosh, (PFP Pietermartizburg North), charged this
week.

In a statement, Mr Mcintosh, who is head of the PFP's missing persons
bureau, said the recent list issued by the Department of Law and Order
containing the names of some 700 detainees was not in alphabetical or
regional order.

Mr Leon Mellet, director of internal media for the Bureau for Information
said today the charge was “purely political" and suggested the Cape Town
newspaper, which contacted him, seek legal advice on the matter.

Mr Mcintosh said the PFP noted with "concern" that the lists were
“deliberately being jumbled with the mischievous purpose of making the
monitoring of detainees more difficult for organisations such as the PFP's

missing persons bureau."

Mr Mcintosh said he would request the minister of law and order, Mr Louis
le Grange, to publish lists in alphabetical order in future.

"This possible deliberate jumbling must also be seen against the background
of the minister of law and order's refusal to reply to a question by

Mrs Helen Suzman (PFP Houghton) in Parliament calling on the government

to indicate how many persons have been detained in terms of Section 50 of
the Internal Security Act since 12 June this year," he added.

/9604
cso: 3400/545

74



"Most workers live in townships where the houses are rented out by the
municipality."

On September 3, 1984 more than 100 people, including five community councillors,
were killed when residents in six Vaal Triangle townships protested against
rent increases.

The Vaal Triangle National Federation of Chamber of Commerce (NAFCOC] yesterday
called on black businessmen to close shop today between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m,
when township dwellers will attend church services,

The president of the Vaal Triangle NAFCOC, Mr Don Mashinini, could not be
contacted to confirm the report today, but a spokesman at NAFCOC Johannesburg
said black businesses in the townships usually closed on commemoration days.

/8309
cso: 3400/540

84



In view of the proposals made during Friday's meeting, the Department of
Finance, Budget, and Portfolio was instructed to continue its preparation of
the draft budget, which is to be resubmitted to the council for deliberation
before being presented to the Legislative Council at its upcoming budget
session.

In general, mention should be made of the realism characterizing this draft
budget as far as its forecasts of both revenues and expenditures are
concerned.

Also to be emphasized is the Executive Council's will to define the level of
monetary financing in proportions compatible with the effort for financial
recovery that has been undertaken within the framework of the program agreed
upon with the IMF.

The council also placed special emphasis on the investment budget, which is to
be executed with the greatest rigor so as to guarantee proper execution of the
1986-1990 5-year plan.

11798
CSO: 3419/299

39



JPRS-SSA-86-100

30 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

ANGOP Dismisses Bandits Participation in Talks
(Luanda Domestic Service, 10 Sep 86)..

Briefs
UNITA Kills 13 MPLA Troops
UNITA Claims 24 Troops Killed
49 MPLA, 8 Cubans Killed

French Deputy Interviewed on Military Cooperation
(Pierre Sergent Interview; LE FIGARO, 3 Aug 86)

GHANA

Briefs
Government Recruitment Frozen

LIBERIA
Briefs
Kessely's Wife Requests Protection
Rural Radio Network
MALAWI

New Company's Fleet Adds to Nation's Operations, Routes
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 15 Aug 86)..

Briefs
Coal Mine Reopened

Www


sky — and pulls out a detailed map of a specific area
of South Africa.

‘The satellite sends signals which the station con-
verts into a magnetic tape packed with coded letters
and digits which give an alert to the presence of any
of a vast range of minerals.

Specialist consultants, such as Geodass in Park-
town, snap a battery of computers into action to con-
vert the digital data into picture form, which is
flashed on to an electronic screen.

Tf necessary, Geodass sends its specialists and com-
puters aloft in helicopters or light aircraft to take an
even closer look over areas that look promising. They
have already flown over 4million km criss-cross
fashion over South Africa. .

The results of the surveys with detailed reports go
back to the mining house, which makes a decision
over pressing ahead with the next phase. ;

If the company feels it is on the right scent, it calls
‘on other specialist consultants, such as Rockplan, of
Randburg, to join in the exercise. ;

In this phase, an armada of monster-size trucks
trundles off into the bush where potential riches are
suspected.

Over the particular X-mark on the map, three of-
the trucks halt in. a row and each lowers from its
huge belly a two-tor steel drum which nestles on the

ground. Hydraulic jacks lift each vehicle off its!
wheels, increasing the pressure to at least 18 tons. |

A fourth truck is stationed a short distance away |
and a set of gadgets called geophones is pegged in the:
earth at regular intervals in a chain reaching back to:
the juggernauts perched on their steel drums.

Next moment, the veld echoes in deep booms and
the earth trembles as, in unison, the three drums
start to act as hammers which pound the ground at

/9317
csO: 3400/524

the rate of 16 times a second.
ti ‘The shock waves search for particular rock forma-
ions.

“It’s like three 18-ton loudspeakers: yelling down
into the bowels of the earth,” says Mr Mike Trigg,
manager of Rockpian.

‘As the-vibrations_ encounter mineral seams, the
shock waves bounce back upwards to be caught by
the line of geophones listening in and which, in turn,
flash back their readings to the computer truck.

Savings on searches
————

“It’s been named the vibro-seis method and it's
proving a breakthrough that promises to open entire-
ly new doors to the mining industry,” says Mike
Trigg. :

“Guesswork has been-cut to a minimum and the
savings on futile searches must be running into mil-
lions and millions of rands. wens 1

“We can even produce a three-dimensional com-
puter picture of the geological structure — down far
deeper than anyone has seen before.

“So far, actual mining operations have managed to
go no deeper than 4km, but technogical advances
Mean it’s only a matter of time before we can go
deeper still.

“at Rockplan, we have already delved as deep as
14km and see no reason why we can’t go down twice
-as far.”

Says Mr Martin Frere, a director at Geodass:
“Until now, it had been widely assumed that South
Africa’s gold resources would be exhausted by early
in the next century.

“Now it looks like the life of the South African
mining industry is going to be stretched by perhaps
several decades.” a

102



GOVERNMENT INCREASES FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE TO TRANSKEI

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 21 Aug 86 p 5

[Text]

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3400/548

CAPE TOWN — Direct fi-
nancial assistance to
‘Transkei, South Africa’s
first independent home-
land, increased from
R153 697 859 in the
1981/82 financial year to
an estimated R300 348 000
for the current year, the
Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr Pik Botha,
said yesterday.

He was giving details in
a written reply to a ques-
tion from Mr Louis Stof-
berg (HNP, Sasolburg) of
amounts paid to the
TBVC states — i,
Bophuthatswana, Venda
and Ciskei — over the last
five years.

‘The grand total for
amounts paid to Transkei,
which gained indepen-
dence in 1976, increased
from R289 116 665 to
R740 677 000 over the
same period.

Direct financial assist-

. ance to Bophuthatswana

increased from R27,9 mil-
lion to an estimated
R115,56 million over the
same period.

The corresponding
amounts for Venda were
from R56 773 482 to
R132 950 000, and for Cis-
kei, R165 414454 (from
the 1982/83 financial
year) to R224 717 000.

‘The greater portion of
all these direct financial
assistance figures were
for budgetary aid.

Mr Botha said SA did
not exercise direct con-
trol over the money’s use
as it was an independent
state's prerogative to set

62

its own priorities on the
application: of its total
available income.

“These funds consist of
direct RSA assistance and
their own revenue from
taxes, etcetera. ‘

“However, officials of
the Departments of For-
eign Affairs and Finance
visit the TBVC states on a
regular basis to have bud-
getary negotitaions and
where possible, to advise
the officials of the states,”
Mr Botha said.

‘The object of budgetary
aid was to enable the
‘TBVC states “to maintain
at least the same stan-
dard of service which pre-
vailed before their,
independence”. ‘

“The amounts made
available are calculated
after an analysis of their
own resources and the
envisaged application of
the funds and taking into
account what it would
have cost SA to provide.
the same service if the
states in question had not:
become independent.”

Mr Botha said negotia-
tions were currently in
progress between SA and
the TBVC states on the
structure of future finan-
cial relations between”
them.

“In essence, the propos-
als mean that this form of
direct aid will in future be
based, in the medium
term, on SA-TBVC-nego-
tiated norms and target
standards in respect of
both expenditure and
revenue.” — Sapa

SOUTH AFRICA



ZIMBABWE

MINISTER SHAMUYARIRA CONDEMNS "ULTRA-LEFTISM' OF SOME MP'S

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Aug 86 pl

{Text] ‘THE Minister of Information, Posts and
Telecommunications, Cde Nathan Sha-
muyarira, yesterday condemned the “ule

tra-leftism” of some Members of Par-
Hament who cailed for the nationalisa-
tion of the Press, saying it was dan--

gerous.

Referring to Zanu (PF) MP for Mu-
tare East, Cde Lazarus Nzarayebani,
who recently described local newspapers
as colonial, the minister said: “This type
of hypocrisy arid ultra-leftism does not

arty or the Gove it.

‘The
idea of nationalising the Press, .
adding that Cde Nzarayebani and Cde
Kenneth Manyonda (Zanu-PF, Buhera
North) did not appreciate the relation-
ship between the Government and the
mags media.

‘Cdée Shamuyarira said that even

Lenin, one of the two founders of the
marxist-leninist ideology, was against
ultra-leftism “because it can be highly
dangerous”.
.. Cde Shamuyarira said that it wae
Rot his ministry's role to arbitrate in
personal issues, adding that all mis-
understandings between the Press and‘
MPs had to be solved hetween the
editors and the affected members.

On complaints by some MPs that
little coverage was being given to the
ura] areas as compared to urban areas
he ssid his ministry had established
the Zimbabwe Information Services (0
give more publicity to rural events.

About 50 ZIS reporters wer? station- Me
ed In some of the remotest parts of
the country and about 80 percent ot
their work was published in Radios 2
and 4.

Cde Shamuyarira said that his min-
istry was establishing provincial and

district newspapers and had airendy
vaade a start with the Murewa News.

On poor coverage of the operations
of the Zimbabwean army In Mozambi-
que, he said that MPs had to he aware
of the military and security factors in-
volved in the operation. — Ziana

19274
cso: 3400/557

48



countries always claim that they don’t know their
oil is reaching South Africa, but traders admit that
officials can be encouraged to turn a blind eye in
return for favours.

Clandestine shipments to South Africa usually
leave the Gulf in supertankers with shipping papers
showing they are heading for the Far East or Europe.
Once safely outside territorial waters, they disappear
from international shipping records and head south,
discharging a week or so later at Durban or Saldanha
Bay.

This multi-billion dollar business is handled by a
few international traders with the right contacts.
John Deuss, a Dutchman who runs Bermuda-regi-
stered Transworld Oil, dominates the market by
maintaining very close relations with several Gulf
sheikhs. Mare Rich is number two in the South
African market. Despite his legal problems in the
US, he is still in business, operating from the Swiss
tax haven of Zug. South Africa’s other main supplier
is Marimpex, a West German company which has
close links with Iran, now desperate for funds for
its war with Iraq.

The five international oil companies in South
Africa (Shell, BP, Mobil, Caltex and Total) buy
from the traders, providing the final link in the
supply chain. Although their head offices claim they
do not know how their South African subsidiaries
evade sanctions, inside sources have confirmed that
key executives in firms like Shell are kept informed
‘about these clandestine deals.

In the past few months, South Africa’s oil purch-
ases have increased dramatically. Tanker brokers
report the disappearance of an unusual number of
supertankers from the charter market, a sign which
suggests South Africa is a particularly active cus-
tomer. Reserve Bank statistics also indicate that
South Africa’s oil purchases during the first half of
this year have been more than double last year’s
200,000 barrels a day. The most likely explanation
is stockpiling in the light of increasing international
pressure, but the construction of storage capacity
for the volume suggested by these figures would be
extremely expensive. Mystery still surrounds South
Africa’s recent aggressive oil purchasing, though
there are reports that oil is being stored in disused
mine-shafts.

Airlines

South Africa is on the brink of an international
air ban. In early August, six of the seven Com-
monwealth countries at the London mini-summit
agreed to cut air links, a step which is certain to
be accepted by most of the Commonwealth. US

97

President Ronald Reagan is also likely to take similar
action after the recent vote on sanctions by the US
senate.

Governments normally go to great lengths to pro-
tect their own national airline, but Pretoria is now
sufficiently concerned to encourage foreign com-
panies to enter the South African market. Among
these new services is a weekly flight from the Seychel-
les to South Africa, to be inaugurated on 4 October.
The route is being run by Hong Kong-based 7FC,
a company linked to Southern Sun, which operates
Sun City in Bophuthatswana. This is 7FC’s first air
venture, and it is using a Boeing 737 leased from
South African Airways (SAA). TFC admits that
‘political problems’ meant that SAA couldn’t oper-
ate the route itself. The new service, starting up
just at the time when the Commonwealth will be
discussing how to implement a full air ban, may
cause considerable embarrassment to the
Seychelles government.

Another company with its eye on the South Afri-
can market is Taiwan’s China Airline. It hopes to
operate a Taipei-to-Johannesburg service, refuelling
in Colombo. This would reqyire Sri Lankan appro-
val, a real hurdle after the Commonwealth mini-
summit. Evidence of official South African involve-
ment in this ‘commercial’ venture came a few weeks
ago when a South African diplomat in London
approached a visiting Sri Lankan minister for sup-
port.

Even ‘the big international airlines are making
contingency plans for a ban. London lies at the
heart of South Africa’s intercontinental air network,
accounting for a third of total traffic. Both British
Airways and British Caledonian have applied for
landing rights in Gaborone, only half an hour’s
flying time from Johannesburg. Neither airline is
publicly admitting it, but if flights to South Africa
are ended, then Botswana could become a vital
transit link.

British Airways, which handles half the lucrative
London-Johannesburg traffic, is now caught in a
dilemma over South Africa. So far it has taken a
tough stand against sanctions, discreetly lobbying
the British government to reject the air ban. It
is among British Airways’ most profitable routes,
generating £60 million in revenue last year. The
danger now is that British Airways could face retalia-
tion elsewhere in the Commonwealth, especially as
it is state-owned.

The Indian foreign ministry has been considering
plans to withdraw landing rights from. British Air-
ways, although this would probably lose Air India
its route to Britain. Prime minister Robert Mugabe



NIGERIA

LIVESTOCK STATISTICS FOUND INADEQUATE FOR GOOD PLANNING

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 21 Aug 86 p 2

[Text]

19274
CSO;

NIGERIA is yet to have a

near accurate livestock figure
which could be used for effec-
tive national planning, an an-
nual report of the Nigerian
Livestock Information Service
has shown. -

‘The 1984 report produced by
the Federal Livestock Depart-
ment, indicated that though
there had been consistent ef-
forts to collect good data that
would help us to pian better,
the efforts were frustrated by
factors such as unrecorded
domestic slaughtering. while
some category of livestock
were not amenable to the use
of livestock tax returns.

Although the NLIS report
showed an estimated figures

.of cattle, goat and sheep pro-

duction as well as poultry, it
admitted that there were
lapses in the data collection as
a result, what the situation
rxport revealed could be
shghtly different from ‘what
obtained inthe livestock In-
dustry. "

However, it stated that a
total of 1,181,786 heads of cat-
tle were inspected and

slaughtered in the country an:

nuaily .

Out of the figure, an
estimated 618,174 heads of cat-
tle were produced in Nigeria

3400/464

and 313,577 imported annually
in 1972 - 1984. ”
Of goats and sheep it aid, in
1972 - 1974 period, an annual
average of goats and sheep
slaughtered and inspected
were 1,662,400° and 613,800
respectively or 1,363,700. and
767,000 for the period of 1978 —
1984 respectively.
Over the 1978 - 1984, goats
and sheep imports as a
tage of recorded sup-
plies were only 15 per cent,

while an annual average pro- -

duction of 5,755,730 and
1,762,100 respectively were
recorded and estimated pro-
duction figures for 1984 was
6,583,000 for goats and
“2,119,700 for sheep. °

‘The report said it was dif-

ficult to determine the
domestic growth of sheep and
goats due to inadequate data,
but nonetheless gave 5 per

22

““eent production growth for
both species.

It was noted in the report
that due to diseases of
livestock, drought and the
related shortage of forage and
water for livestock, there had
been a decrease in cattle pro-
dution.

As a result of the shortfall
the report said goats and
sheep had become a ready
substitute leading to a high de-
-mand for both.

On poultry production the
report said the exact size of
the indigenous and exotic
poultry populations were not
known, but said the industry
had undergone remarkable
growth and development.

However, it’also confirmed

that the gains in size and
.*structu'e made prior to 1982

might have been lost due to
the cost-price squeeze arising
from shortages and high



FACTIONS COMPLICATING OIL WORKERS' UNION DISPUTE

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 11 Aug 86 pp 1, 32

[Article by Jackson Imafidon]

[Text]

NTRA union dis-
pute in the oil
workers union in
Nigeria, ‘like the
world oil crisis, took
a new turn last

week, with the emer-‘

gence of a
viable faction.

Chief Taigho Oloko,,
leading the new fac-

tion, in a letter to the ,

Employment, Labour

and Productivity
8

Rear-

senseless litigations”.
‘Also in the letter jointly
signed by Mr. F.E.0. Fre-
gene, the new faction said
that it believes in probity

and accountability and ‘

19274
csO: 3400/464

rn te iaed

‘The Oloko faction there-
fore pledged to co-operate
with the Labour Ministry,
Nigeria Labour Congress
and Dada/Kokori taction

ference where no branch

will be eliminated and to
put paid to the leadership

18

NIGERIA

with the UzegbwOkwese
and Dada/Kokori factions
last June on the condi
tions to hold a delegates
conference to bring the.
crisis to end. A seven-
point peace proposals was

by the minister
which advised that all.
suits filed by both fac-
tions be withdrawn from
the courts, The minister
also among others,
advised that delegates
should not be disqualified
from the proposed con-
ference on financial
grounds.

Some of the points were
not acceptable to the
Uzegbu-Okwese faction,
which insisted that only
branch unions which have
met with the financial re-
quirements to their fac-
tion's secretariat>,would
be allowed to participate
in their proposed Port-
Harcourt conference
slated for later this
month,

On the other hand,
Dada/Kokori, faction, in a
statement last week said
that they were guing to
abide by the minister's
seven-point peace pro-
posals in the cunduct of a
delegates conference
coming up next Saturday
in Lagos.



NEW SATELLITE PROSPECTING METHOD DISCUSSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Aug 86 p 9

(Article by Michael Chester]

[Text]

Satellite probes into space have been recruited
by South Africa to join in a new hi-tech hunt for
hidden gold seams under the Witwatersrand that
may have been missed by earlier explorations
using more conventional methods.

‘The giant Johannesburg mining houses are pouring
at least R150 million into the space-age search, which
the Chamber of Mines estimates will launch at least
15 and perhaps as many as 20 new gold mines in the
next decade or so. .

Explorations have been accelerated to an unprece-
dented tempo as a result of the recent boom in
bullion prices on world markets which promises a
bonanza for South Africa. c

Geologists say it is the most intensive exploration
since the gold rush that gave birth to Johannesbury a
century ago. - -

Earth’s crust :

‘The new prospectors, using satellites instead of the
over-burdened mules of popular image and com-
puters rather than picks and shovels, are probing
deeper into the earth's crust than ever before — far
below the 4km which is the record depth of even the
most modern mining operations.

Anglo American Corporation confirms that ex-
ploration is going on at depths of at least 10 km. Geo-

logical consultants say it is possible to go down twice ;

as far.

A blanket of secrecy is wrapped around results
while new mines are mapped out on the drawing
boards, but insiders confirm that the main focus of
attention is what geologists call the Witwatersrand
Basin and miners call the Golden Arc, which
stretches east of Johannesburg to Evander, west to
Klerksdorp and south-west to Welkom.

The process starts when the Hartbeeshoek Space
Station in the Magaliesberg tunes in its massive dish
antenna to one of the satellites in orbit — either the
American Landsat IV or the French Spot eye-in-the-

101

SOUTH AFRICA



MAIDUGURI FLOUR MILL PRICES--Maiduguri Flour Mill has nearly doubled the
prices of its products due to what it said was rise in the cost of production,
A bag of Semovita has been increased from 4,45 Naira to 9 Naira, Flour from

22 Naira to 43 Naira and a bag of whole wheat has been increased from 43.90

to 11 Naira. The Acting General Manager of the Mill, Malam Kali Ja'afar, told
the NEW NIGERIAN that there had been a fall in the value of the Naira and also
increases in numerous other charges, He said the Mill, with a capacity of 400
tonnes of wheat per day was now producing at less than 50 per cent due to
lack of raw materials. He added that the Mill was only able to utilise a
small portion of its 12,56 million Naira import licence because of non-
availability of foreign exchange. [Excerpt] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English
22 Aug 86 p 9) 9/9274

BENUE DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION PROSCRIBED—The Benue State Development Associ-
ation (BESDA) has been proscribed with immediate effect by the out-going Benue
State governor, Announcing this last Friday at his one year anniversary press
conference in Makurdi, the out-going Governor, Group Captain David Jonah Jang
explained that the ban became necessary in view of security reports reaching
him. According to him the organisation "is a political one planning against
1990 and no longer a development association", adding that he would not like
to hand over problems to his successor, Colone. Yohanna Madaki. Governor Jang
announced that a state taxi services with the state government having 5 per
cent shares and the Chamber of Commerce and private transporters taking the
rest is soon to commence in the state capital. The chief executive revealed
that the cabinet of Gongola and Benue States were to be retained by both chief
executives, for the sake of continuity. This followed specualtions in town
that Governor Madaki would not retain the present set-up. [Text] [Article

by Paul Udenyi] [Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 1 Sep 86 p 1] /9274

BAUCHI CONTRACT WITH YUGOSLAV COMPANY--The Bauchi State government has signed a
contract with a Yugoslav company, Ingra Limited and an indigenous company,
Andevco Limited, for the establishment of a tomato paste and mango juice

factory in the state. Signing on behalf of the state government, the commis-
sioner for finance, Mr Sonni Sule, said in Bauchi on Friday that the machinery
for the factory was expected to be supplied on a loan basis from the Yugoslavian
government at a cost of N3,5 million while the indigenous company, Andevco
Limited would undertake the building and civil engineering works at a cost of
N4.3 million, Mr Sule explained that since the government alone could not
single-handedly execute the project, various steps had to be taken to contact
development financial institutions and commercial banks for possible assistance
and participation in the project, He said that part of government's 80 per cent
initial shares in the project would be sold to interested indigenes leaving the
government with a 10 per cent share, to enable it retain a seat on the board of
directors, [Text] [Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 1 Sep 86 p 2] 19274

OIL COMPANY POLLUTION CLAIM--Environmental pollution has forced the prople of
Obagi town in River State to request an oil company to resettle them outside
its operational zone. According to a spokesman of the community, ELF Nigeria
Limited, started the exploration and exploitation of oil in the town in 1964.
Obaji town, he said, has as many as over 50,000 people living in it. However,
the town has since the oil company started operation been neglected by both
successive governments and the French oil firm, And now the people can no

30



SOUTH AFRICA

COURTS PROHIBITED FROM RULING ON NAMIBIA LEGISLATION
MB051714 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1704 GMT 5 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 5 Sep (SAPA)--The state president, Mr P.W. Botha, today
proclaimed restrictions under which a government can be established in
SWA/Namibia.

This was done through publishing an additional subsection to section 3
of the South-West Africa Legislative and Executive Powers Establishment
Proclamation of 1985 in the GOVERNMENT GAZETTE in Pretoria.

This reads: "This proclamation shall not be construed as entitling any
person to claim as a fundamental right the power to establish a government
in any manner other than a peaceful and democratic manner, or to establish
any form of government in or by which all fundamental rights or any one or
more of them are or may be abolished, diminished or derogated from, or to
bring about a state of affairs in which the maintenance of the security

of the territory or the public order is or may be threatened.”

Section 19 of the proclamation was amended by the addition of the following
subsection: "No court of law shall be competent to inquire into or
pronounce upon the validity of any act of the Parliament of the Republic of
South Africa enacted before or after the commencement of this proclamation."
The proclamation was retro-actively dated to 17 June.

19604
cso: 3400/544

54



SOUTH AFRICA

'MYSTERIOUS' ANTI-ANC PUBLICATION APPEARS
MB110647 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0635 GMT 11 Sep 86

[Text] Cape Town, 11 Sep (SAPA)--A mysterious and very expensively
produced publication aimed at discrediting the African National Congress
has appeared in Cape Town.

The names of the printer, publisher and author do not appear anywhere in
the publication.

A source in the Cape Town printing business said yesterday that the publi-
cation, titled "Face to Face With the African National Congress" was funded
by a government agency. The printer was ordered to destroy the original
plates used for the printing, the source said.

No confirmation of this claim could be obtained yesterday, a senior
spokesman for the Bureau for Information said: "I have absolutely

no knowledge of the publication. But I can tell you that we are an open
bureau, and as deputy minister Mr Louis Nel has said repeatedly, we do
not engage in covert operations. If this were our publication, it would
have been stated clearly."

The publication, in full colour, was described by an experienced printer
yesterday as "a very professional, top-quality printing and obviously
tremendously expensive job."

Progressive Federal Party spokesman Mr Peter Soal said: "If this publica-
tion was sponsored by government, then it would mean that we have returned
to the old days of secret projects. I hope the authorities will crack

down on the printer in terms of the law."

The 68-page publication, in the format of an international news magazine,
is in contravention of several laws. It is illegal not to mention the
publisher or printer of a publication. Several banned publications and
people are quoted in it, and it also contains a photograph of a jailed
person, Nelson Mandela.

The publication was obviously well-researched and contains quotes from
Radio Freedom and banned ANC and SA Communist Party publications.

19604
cso: 3400/545

72



GOVERNMENT MEASURES TO PROMOTE COMPUTERS URGED

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 11 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by Ngozi Ikeano]

{Text]

“< Although _ computer
knowledge has been

e Sidfire in
the developed nation, in
Nigeria the contrary is the
case. For the pace of

tions; there are ty proxi-
mately 4,000 comjnuters
for 100 million Niger. ans.

This works out to a
system for every 25.000
people.

‘The computer commu-
nity in the country is esti-
mated at 10,000 persons
and the computer literacy
quotient at two persons
per 10,000 or just 0.02 per
cent.

Experts agree that
Nigerians are becoming

computer. However the
consensus of opinion is
that there is a need to
spread this awareness
among the rank and file of
Nigerians.

In this regard the
computer vending
companies in the country’
have been running train-
ing courses, workshops,
seminars etc for interes-
ted persons, including

kids.
One of the fundamental
benefits of computers is-

that they help speed up*
the decision-making

ters are an
important. tool for

planning and accurancy
“their watchword. But this

is in so far as they are fed
with the right data for as

garbage
(GIGO). ot
Nevertheless, the compu
ter is far more accurate
than human-beings and
does in a twinkle of a-
second what will normally
take

many jnan-hours to:
complete if done’

manually.

‘The possibility of
human errors in any job
done manually is very
ripe. But the reverse is the
case with computers 3s
errors are a rare possibi-
lity.

Here in Nigeria we
lament the dearth of sta-
tistics. Vital information
on the nation are hard to
comeby and where one
stumbles across them per

“logical and economic
cannot be over:
emphasised.

24

NIGERIA

Staff, Commodore Ebitu
Ukiwe noted that Nigeria
has no option. but to
become intimately

and concerned

involved in
with development in
computer technology.
However,

computer companies
interviewed opined that

Government has not
accorded the” computer
industry in Nigeria the
place of pride it deserves,
considering the imported”
role of computer in the
‘pation’s development.

Import licence restric:
tions have been one of the
major stumbling blocks to
the development of the
computer industry in
Nigeria.

Ail of the computer com-
panies complain of lack of
or inadequate insport
licences. They arg. irked
that computers are
classified under ‘general
merchandise in the
Ministry of Trade sectori-
alisatien of goods.

‘They opine that compu-
ters in-view of their impor-
tance should be separately
classified.

It has been suggested
that the nation evolve a
national computer policy
that will allow priority for
importation of computers
and consequently



ACCOUNTANCY CRISIS AT UNIVERSITIES REVEALED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Aug 86 p 14

[article by Stan Kennedy]

(Text

19274
cso:

]

A review by the educational
committee of the Public Ac-
countants’ and Auditors’ Board
shows that three of the top ac-
countancy professors at the Uni-
versity of the Witwatersrand
have resigned and that there are
30 vacancies in the accounting
department at Unisa.

Of the levy raised for the edu-
cation fund, R1,1 million was
spent on matters relating to
education (R800 000 was used to
subsidise lecturers’ salaries).

Mr Rob Fryer, chairman of
the education committee, says
the situation is “critical”.

“It has come to the point
where we have to ask ourselves
whether we can afford to have
accountancy departments at all
14 universities.”

He was referring to guidelines
which may be adopted at the

3400/549

conference on “The Future of
Accountancy Education” at the
University of the Witwatersrand
on September 1.

Mr Fryer says academic staff
are generally underpaid by
commercial standards, and it is
easy to poach qualified staff
from short-staffed universities.

The practising accountant is
likely to play a greater role in
educating trainee accountants.
In the past, tuition for the quali-
fying examination was largely
in the hands of universities.

Special emphasis

“Now we want the practition-
er to play a bigger part in edu-
cating and training the pros-
pective chartered accountant
when he is doing his in-house
training.”

It is “particularly disturb-
ing”, he says, that there has’
been no growth in real terms of

90

SOUTH AFRICA

registered articled clerks (4478
in 1983 and 4 490 in 1984), as well
as no “apparent planning” with
regard to present supply and de-
mand, or future requirements.
Special emphasis will be put
on marketing accountancy to
Afrikaans-speaking and black
students at the conference.

“Little effort has been made
to expose the profession to these
groups; the result is that there is
a preponderance of English-
speaking white accountants,” he
said.

The conference will examine
all the issues involved in ac-
countancy education, with the
feedback and interchange of
ideas enabling the board to plan
its educational courses more ef-
ficiently.

The result is expected to
bring changes in the qualifying
examination structure as well
as in the training structure.



National Armed Forces (FANT) block the advance of units coming from the north.
Incidentally, the FANT proved last February that it was no longer a minimal
force (as it was in the time of Operation "Manta"), but capable of using the
modern equipment and arms we provide to the best advantage in a fight.

The training and worth of FANT forces are in fact one of the major concerns of
French authorities, because someday Chad will have to be strong enough to
ensure its own security. In this area, our military assistance is beginning
to bear fruit. The Chadian squadron that was presented to us is certainly not
comparable to one of our own, either in strength or in quality. But we were
able to verify that Chadian soldiers--warriors in their souls--are already
capable of using 20mm cannon, 12.7mm machineguns, and Milan missiles. They
care for those weapons with the concern that cavalrymen show for their horses.
And that is a good sign.

Assistance Missions
Question: What about the Central African Republic?

Answer: The atmosphere is not the same. War is not on the doorstep. There
is not acconstant concern. The rapid deployment units stationed in Bouar
(currently the 2d Foreign Parachute Regiment) are not asleep, however.

The activity by our troops consists basically of assistance missions. They
build, care for, train, and teach. I had the impression that I was back in
the atmosphere of the old days, accentuated by a gentle welcome that was
almost pathetic and the reemergence of veterans displaying their medals, proud
to have served France, and desirous of retaining its advantages.

I will never forget the moving speech by the chairman of the veterans
organization, who reminded us of the promises made in 1981 by Jean Laurain,
French secretary of state at the time, concerning their right to a pension and
the bestowal of decorations: “We ask you, Honorable Deputies, to be our
faithful spokesmen with the French Government headed by His Excellency Jacques
Chirac and to describe to him the difficulties that weigh upon us." That
appeal is also a reflection of loyalty.

11798 .
CSO: 3419/299



SOUTH AFRICA

SUZMAN CRITICIZES FORCED REMOVAL NORTH OF PRETORIA
MB051528 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1442 GMT 5 Sep 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Sept 5, SAPA--If the government went ahead with
the forced removal of about 15,000 people north of Pretoria it would be one
of the worst such actions in the history of the policy, Mrs Helen Suzman
(PFP Houghton) said today.

Opposing the second reading of the borders of particular states extension
amendment bill, she said its provision for the removal of the 15,000 people
to Rus Ter Winter and the area's incorporation into Bophuthatswana was "the
most revolting mess."

The 15,000 were to be "shunted off" from the areas of Boedfontein and
Geweerfontein to farms in the Rus Ter Winter District, which would then be
incorporated in KwaNdebele.

White farms in Rus Ter Winter were to be expropriated at a cost of between
R150 million and R170 million, while Bloedfontein and Geweerfontein were
to be added to Bophuthatswana.

This exchange tied in with the granting of farms in the area to Lepowa in
compensation for the excision of the Moutse District and its incorporation
in MwaNdebele to persuade the homeland to accept independence, Mrs Suzman
said.

Meanwhile, however, KwaNdebele had decided to reject independence and all
people involved in the consolidation scheme, including the white farmers,
opposed the scheme.

"Nobody wants it except the government, who are still bound to the consolida-
tion plans despite the fact that we were told the government was not going
to go ahead with consolidations and forced removals.

"If the government goes ahead with the removal of Geweerfontein and
Bloedfontein, it will be one of the worst forced removals in the history of
the scheme," Mrs Suzman said.

She said the best thing the government could do was to withdraw the pill.
Failing that, it should resubmit it to the Standing Committee on education
and development aid for proper consideration. She moved an amendment to

this effect.

/8309 3
cso: 3400/540



SOUTH AFRICA

"BRUTALIZATION OF INNOCENT' SEEN JUSTIFYING EMERGENCY
MB060721 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 6 Sep 86
[Station commentary: "Continuing Political Reform in South Africa" ]

[Text] The South African Parliament has just completed its legislative
program for the year. At two sessions during the year great strides were
made on the road of racial reform and in the past few months alone
Parliament has changed 35 laws involving racial segregation. Earlier laws
prohibiting sex and marriage across the color line were abolished, as were
various laws restricting labor mobility so that South Africans of any race
can today work wherever they choose. Also abolished are the so-called
pass laws controlling influx into urban areas. Further moves are in the
pipeline.

The watchword in this dramatic march toward political reform is evolu~
tionary change, but such change is not to the liking of some. They would
prefer revolution, as shown once again in the past week with an outbreak
of violence in Soweto. This violence was organized, not spontaneous.
Rocks, petrol bombs, and even hand grenades were the weapons of the
revolutionaries. Men and women going to work were set upon with whips

by thugs who want to control people's lives and dictate if and when they
can go and earn a living. A man paying the rent for his family's house
was liable to be brutalized and even murdered.

It is because of this brutalization of the innocent that there is a state
of emergency in South Africa. In the face of revolutionary activity

aimed at making whole towns ungovernable, extraordinary measures are needed
to protect the lives and property of those going about their lawful daily
business. The state of emergency is slowly having the right effect, even
though as in Soweto this week there have been setbacks. The tragic
black-on-black violence that has seen the necklacing and other horrendous
murders of black citizens by black revolutionaries declined by 23 percent
last month alone. Despite isolated outbreaks of violence, normality is
returning to much of South Africa.

19604
cso: 3400/545

79



ANGOLA

ANGOP DISMISSES BANDITS PARTICIPATION IN TALKS
MB110711 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 10 Sep 86
[ANGOP commentary: "Coherence of Principles]

[Text] The participation of the puppet gang in the pay of Pretoria in
the southern African peace talks that the People's Republic of Angola,
together with the other frontline states, seeks, to hold with the United
States is out of the question.

The attempt by the mentors of apartheid and their allies to find a

decorous way out of a situation which they themselves created clearly and
unequivocally explains their despair in the face of the inevitable dissolu-
tion of the apartheid system in South Africa. Tension in southern Africa
persists due to Pretoria's intransigence in its illegal occupation of
Namibia and continuation of the apartheid system. To survive, the racists
resort to destabilization in the neighhoring countries, either by direct
action or through their lackeys.

It has long been known that the People's Republic of Angola will only
agree to talk with the real sources of tension in the region: Racist
South Africa and the United States. President Jose Eduardo dos Santos'
recent proposal for a joint frontline states-Reagan administration meeting
on southern Africa unambiguously demonstrates Angola's often reiterated
desire to contribute toward peace in southern Africa.

Angola's position in regard to the situation in southern Africa is clear,
President Jose Eduardo dos Santos said in his speech at the recent

Harare nonaligned summit. However, this offer by Angola and the frontline
states does not include the armed bandits, namely the UNITA puppets, whose
history of treason to Angolan and African interests is well known. This
stance was well explained by the Angolan head of state when he added that
Angola and the other independent southern African countries only want
their sovereignty, territorial integrity, national independence, and the
fundamental rights of their peoples to be respected so that they can use
all their human and material resources to promote their peoples' develop-
ment and well-being in a climate of peace.



SOUTH AFRICA

LP ADOPTS 'TOUGHEST STANCE' ON REFORM
MB061939 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 6 Sep 86

[Text] At its annual national executive conference at Stellenbosch this
weekend, the Labor Party [LP] adopted its toughest stance yet on reform

in South Africa. Three wide-ranging resolutions included the release of
Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners serving more than 20 years
the unbanning of the ANC, PAC [Pan-Africanist Congress], and similar
organizations, and the full participation of all South Africans at all

levels of government. The LP's public relations officer, Mr Les Abrahams,
said the party had no objection to its members visiting the border or other
operational areas, but he said military conscription should not be compulsory
until all South Africans were given inherent rights and privileges.

The minister of defense, General Magnus Malan, has welcomed the LP's
decision on visits to the border. He said in a statement that it was clear
that the party accepted coresponsibility for the defense of the country and
were prepared to play their part. They were also ready to familiarize
themselves with the threats to the country's borders.

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77



STATE INTERVENTION IN ELECTRONICS DEFENDED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Aug 86 p 5

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

/9317

GOVERNMENT in-
tervention is vital to
protect the electronics
industry from remain-
ing an assembly

‘operation for import-

ed technology.
Standing Committee
on Electronics chairman
Carel van der Merwe yesterday de-
fended government’s decision to “inter--
fere” in the electronics market at a time:
when there is a concerted move towards
free enterprise and privatisation.
“Nowhere in the world has develop-
ment of the electronics industry been
left to the private sector only,” he said.
“On the contrary, every developed coun-
try has been conducting a co-ordinated
gramme to ensure the development
and continued growth of the industry.”
Van der Merwe, who is senior GM of
the Industrial Development Corpora-
tion, was speaking in Johannesburg at
the launch of International Digital Cor-
tion, the new specialist arm of local
igh-tech manufacturer Spescom.

cso: 3400/524

103

__ Referring to government BE to cor:
ordinate State buying ot e: jectronics to:
stimulate local industry, he said it was
“an urgent national priority” to develop
local capability.

The SA market — expected to grow
from R5bn this year to R10bn in 1990 —

. was on the way to becoming the biggest

single industrial sector.

He said the electronics strategy put!
forward by the standing committee rest-
ed on five foundations:

Ci Efforts should be directed towards the
high-technology sector, where the State!
is the main buyer in SA;

DState buying-power should be har-
nessed and its buying rationalised and
co-ordinated to create a base load for!
Jocal industry and for export, .
CLocal capability to juce micro-
electronic components should be under-
written by the State, but with major
electronics companies encouraged to
contribute;

CLA co-ordinated effort was needed to
create local design capability; and

CO Risk capital should be made available
to smaller firms.



NEW BOOK ON IMPORTANCE OF UPCOMING BLACK MANAGER CLASS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 24 Aug 86 p 19

{Article by Mike Peirson]

[Text]

A PHENOMENON of “unparalleled
importance’ and significance in the
history of South African leadership”
is unfolding: the advent of black
managers on the organisational
scene.

To emphasise the importance 0.
the integration of black managers
into the business and industrial in-
frastructure and to show how it can
be achieved, senior lecturer in the
department of psychology at the
University of Natal, Dr Eric
Charoux, has published a paperback
on the subject.

In a foreword to the book enti-
tled “Integration of black manag-
ers into South African organisa-
tions”, Dr Charoux stresses that
local organisations have no alter-
native but to accelerate the career
progress of black employees. But
that in itself is insufficient.

“I have attempted, in a small
way, to suggest to organisations
that they should have as their pri-
mary objective not so much the
upward mobility of their black em-
ployees but their actual integration
into the organisation.

19274
cso: 3400/549

88

“Promotion into a more senior:
position is not enough. The black
potential manager needs to feel
part of and accepted by the organ-
isation if his commitment and pro-
ductivity levels are to increase.”

Dr Charoux says the book is
aimed at three audiences: the com-
pany. the black manager and the
academic.

The organisation, he says,. will
find it contains a practical and rel-
evant organisational integration
model as well as many examples
of how itcould be implemented and.
how it has been done in other com-
panies..

The black manager will find
some down-to-earth practical ad-
vice on how, for example, he could
go about securing an advertised po-
sition.

“More importantly,” says Dr
Charoux, “he will become aware
of the need to be organisationally
accepted and the signposts he needs
to watch for along the tortuous
route.”

‘The academic, he says, will find
it a fairly thorough review of the
literature on the subject and a
pointer towards further research.



[Landman] But at the same time conditions in some areas have deteriorated
to such an extent that you had to close schools. Does this not mean that
the department has lost control?

[Viljoen] The areas where conditions have deteriorated were not affected
by the education issue but as a result of general unrest and militant
action in the towns involved.

[Landman] But will the closure of the schools, which has placed thousands
of children on the streets, not aggravate the situation?

[Viljoen] The closure of the schools has not put the children on the
streets. The schools were closed because the children were not in school,
because they hesitated to return to school. The schools that have now
been closed are all schools where no one was registered during the third
quarter. In other words, a situation arose where a school no longer was
a school. We are considering certain schools where the children have
registered but have not returned to school. I think it is senseless

to waste funds and manpower on a situation where no use is made of that
service; whereas there are other places where good use can be made of the

service.

[Landman] _ But was there not another possibility--one of the criticisms
leveled at the department is that since July, and before that, unilateral
action was taken and heavy-handed tactics used, which aggravated the
situation. Should you have talked to bodies such as the National Education
Crisis Committee about the matter?

[Viljoen] We were prepared to...and we have negotiated with various local
authorities, with parent representatives groups, with elected representa-
tives in the school committees. In most cases the adults were dejected
and said they do not have the ability to control those children. Under
those circumstances it made no sense after trying to negotiate for weeks,
to continue with education, because it meant a wasting of scarce aids
needed by other schools. .

{Landman] Yet in July, when the new measures were announced in schools,
there were reports that you only talked to headmasters.

[Viljoen] We talked with the headmasters, but we had before that received
a plea from parents and pupils of these schools in which they asked for
protection against intimidation. We want to continue with our normal
education, they said. We want protection against panga and knife-wielding
persons. You must give us proper protection. For that reason we imposed
simple measures, such as identification at certain schools, to make sure
that those entering school premises are people who should be there and not
disruptive elements from outside.

[Landman] Sorry that I have to interrupt you. I would also like to talk
about the issue of the so-called people's education.

{Viljoen] Yes.

56



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MINERAL VOLUME UP--Provisional mineral production volume index figures for
the first six months of this year show that output in the mining industry in-
creased by 4,7% between January and June compared with the same period in 1985.
According to the figures from the Central STatistical Office, coal production
rose by 40%, and chrome ore by 18,8%. Other increases were in copper, which
rose by 10,17%, and iron ore by 9,46% compared with the same period in 1985.
Decreases in production were: cobalt (20%), asbestos (8,85%), tin (8,5%),
nickel (3,96%), silver (2,9%) and gold (1,62). Of the minerals listed under
"others", lithium production increased by 29,76%, while phosphate and lime-
stone had decreases of 16,99% and 11,12% respectively. [Text] [Harare THE
FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 22 Aug 86 p 1] /9274

5 DAMS OF MASHONALAND--The District Development Fund will have completed
building five dams in Mashonaland by the end of October this year, the direc-
tor, Cde Edward Ndoro, said in Harare yesterday. Cde Ndoro said that the
four new caterpillar front-end loaders given to DDF by Norway this week would
speed up the work of the organisation. DDF dam engineer Mr Wall Bake, who has
been with the organisation since November last year, said by the end of the
year people in Zvimba, near Kutama Mhondoro, Musana, Hurungwe, Omay and
Guruve would be supplied with water. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English

23 Aug 86 p 1] /9274

cso: 3400/556

52



burnt the statue of the Risen Christ
carved in 1954 by Ben Enwuonwu, and
the door of the Chapel of Resurrection
which houses the statue at the Universi-
ty of Ibadan.

Before now, the same University had
been embroiled in the Crisis of the
Cross. Following the opening of a mos-
que in December last year, the mosiems
started complaining that a Cross built 32
years ago in front of the Chapel. ob-
structs their view of the East of “Kab-
ba” when praying. They therefore de-
manded that it should be pulled down.
By Friday, July 18, a group of mosiem
protesters chanting Arabic songs
stormed the university carrying placards
that bore, “UI is not for christians
alone” and “moslems are no fools.”
The simmering crisis remains unre-
solved.

In the same month, also.in Ibadan, a
clash occurred between Egungun mas-
querades and moslem students.

When, on May 27, President Baban-
gida gave what looked like the state of
the nation address, he carefully avoided
mentioning the OIC. The closest he
came to the matter was the setting up of
a council on religious affairs, an act
which emphasized, rather than close,
the cleavage separating the moslems

19274
cso: 3400/464

14

and the christians. The following
month, church leaders met in Kaduna
and signed a communique rejecting the
religious council.

AX equally ominous fallout came
from the Kaduna meeting. Stretch-
ing the religious question to the area of
appointments. the Church leaders re-
gretted that the impression was being
created that Nigeria is divided into a
Moslem north and a Christian south as
“is being reflected in most federal
appointments.”

As if these elements were absent from
the nation, the prelates set aside
September 22 to 29 for fasting and
prayers for peace, stability and justice in
Nigeria.

As the Babangida administration en-
ters its second year, it may need
such a divine intervention to keep off
the whiplash of the religious can of
worms it unwittingly opened between
January 6 to 10 in far away Fez.

For the first time in the national ex-
perience, religion has become an aibat-
ross that has been elevated to the centre
stage of Nigeria’s affairs. It is now the
proverbial fragment of the calabash that
must bubble to the surface no matter
how long it is suppressed underwater.



ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY SEEKS ALTERNATE SOURCES OF MEDICINAL DRUGS FROM RSA

Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Aug 86 p 4

[Text] Zimbabwe is trying to find alternative sources to South Africa for its
drugs, the Minister of Health, Cde Sydney Sekeramayi, said yesterday.

Replying to a question by Mr J, C. A. Welman (CAZ, Runde), who had asked where
drugs would be sought in view of difficulties being experienced with South
Africa, the major supplier.

Cde Sekeramayl, who was defending his vote of $229,4 million, said that alter-
native sources were being found, but he declined to name the countries.

He assured the House that "there are some people who are keen to help us," and
that the drugs would be available when needed.

The minister also said that Government, in principle, was interested in carrying
out research on items that were thought to have medicinal properties preferably
in conjunction with the Zimbabwe National Traditional Healers' Association.

He said that it was his hope that members of Zinatha would come forward and
show the Government which herbs they used for treatment, and together with the
department of pharmacy at the University of Zimbabwe, these could be investi-
gated to isolate the active medicinal ingredients in them.

He was replying to a suggestion by Cde Mica Bhebhe (Zapu, Lupane) who said that
Government research should dovetail with that of Zinatha to benefit the nation.

19274
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43



ZIMBABWE

MUGABE: PROVINCE NAMES DENOTING ETHNIC DIVISIONS TO CHANGE

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Aug 86 p 7

[Text]

NAMES of provinces referring
to ethnic divisions must be
changed before the middle of
next year, the Prime Minister,
Cde Mugabe, said.

Answering a question in the
Assembly, Cde Mugabe said: that
no new names had been adopted
yet, but the Cabinet Committee
on name changes was working on
varioug changes including those
for streets.

People had given their views
restructuring and renaming Zi-
mbabwe’s provinces to reflect the
geographical position of ench
Province.

Cde Mugabe agreed that in a
country trying to forge unity and
nationhood, characteristics that
divided the people had to be elimi-
nated, except in cases where they
served the country culturally or
augmented the cultures of the
people.

“To have a place called Ma-

19274
CSO: 3400/557

shonaland, Manicaland, Mashona-
jand East and then you have
Matabeleland — I don’t think
that is promoting the national
ethnics that we want to promote.
Now that you have reminded us
and reminded Government, it’s an
exercise we will be engaging in.

“] would hope that the exer-
cise is undertaken not later than
the first half of next year,” said
the Prime Minister. He believed
Midlands did not need any change
in its name.

‘The Government was educating
people on the fact that the con-
tinual cutting down of trees would
bring about desertification and
communities were being encourag-
ed not to cultivate along river
banks or in such areas that faci-
litated soil erosion, said Cde Mu-
gabe.

In areas that were already
turning into deserts, people had to
be mobilised and ensure that
trees were planted in these areay.
He said that people were now
conscious that cutting down

47

trees would produce deserts in
various areag of our country.

But, unless pecple were pro-
vided with timber for housing,
and wood for fuel, there would
be continuous cutting down of
trees.
“We expect that there will be
some measure of electrification in
the country, and people will he
encouraged to build brick houses
and to roof those houses in a
much more modern way.”

On granting title deeds to
rural investors at growth points,
Cde Mugabe said that business-
men could not be given thesc
while the rural people in those
areag did not have them. People
lived in their rural areas on 2
permanent basis.

If title deeds were granted to
rural people, it would create
problems for future generations.
With the present situation, rural
families could move away from
areas they lived and settle elae-
where without any problems ot
title deeds.



In the early days of the state of emergency there had been confusion and
misunderstanding particularly if one took into account the guidelines issued
by the bureau for the answering of questions at press conferences.

"Yow can one anticipate what is to be announced and then be gagged by not
having asked the question in advance?" he said.

"On the other hand, if one does ask a question four hours in advance, the
answer is phoned through to the questioner and he is then informed that the
matter may not be raised at the press conference."

This had been a deliberate attempt by the bureau to manipulate the news and
control the flow of information by taking on tasks for which it was ill-
equipped to handle.

The deputy minister for information, Mr Louis Nel, had in his "melodramatic
performance" in the house this afternoon been guilty of misinformation by
quoting from two separate reports of the WEEKLY MAIL in a manner which gave
the impression that they were one report.

/8309
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76



MALAWI

BRIEFS

COAL MINE REOPENED--Malawi's minerals parastatal, Mining Investment and De-
velopment Corporation (Midcor), has reopened the Kaziwizwi coal mine near
Livingstonia, according to the African Economic Digest. It is producing 750
tonnes a week, enough to satisfy present demand, Midor now aims at developing
local demand to take advantage of its potential production capacity of more
than one million tonnes of coal a year. Apart from Kaziwiziwi there are other
coal deposits and all are said to contain relatively high grade, semi-
bituminous coal with a higher clorific value and lower ash and sulphur con-
tent than produced in Zimbabwe, Botswana or South Africa. This could later
give Malawi an edge when it decides to enter the competitive export market

in the long term, said the report. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in
English 22 Aug 86 p 10] /9274

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NATION WORLD'S LEADING PRODUCER OF WHITE CHRYSOLITE ASBESTOS

Harare THE HERALD (Supplement) in English 2 Sep 86 p 4

[Text]

19274
CSO:

3400/550

TURNALL AC manufactures a wide range of “bre
cement building products and pressure and sewerage
pipes at its factories in Harare and Bulawayo, employ-
ing over 800 peopie-

Zimbabwe is the world’s leading producer of
white chrysotile asbestos which is--widely accepted
as the safest form of asbestos. Turnall AC only use
chrysotile asbestos in their fibre cement
with the white fibre being locked into the cement
matrix during manufacture. y

Turnall AC’s pipes and sheets are made to the
Bureau of Standards internationally accepted Cen-

roof sheets and flat
tensively for industrial, agricultural, municipal and
domestic buildings.

‘Turnall AC’s pipes ate manufactured in sizes
ranging from 15mm to 1v00mm.in diameter and are
used in water reticulation and sewerage schemes.
Turnall AC's canal linings and irrigation pipes are
used extensively by farmers.

is featured on many public buildings in Zimbabwe
and the Turnallware range of garden decor provides
a wide choice of moulded products either to stan-
dard designs or made specially to order.

‘Turnall AC offers its customers a free on-site
technica! advisory service throughout Zimbabwe and
its products are exported to many neighbouring
countries in the SADCC and PTA region.

51

ZIMBABWE



Mugabe: Province Names Denoting Ethnic Divisions To Change
(THE HERALD, 21 Aug 86).-.+ececerorecscerererersrersrrrer®

Minister Shamuyarira Condems ‘Ultra-Leftism’ on Some MP's
(THE HERALD, 21 Aug 86)...seseeeeeserereesererersrerees aes

Maize Meal, Beef Price Increases Criticized
(THE HERALD, 20 Aug CT) ee eee as

Minister Shava Spells Out Needed Drought Relief
(THE HERALD, 23 Aug 86).-+sesccescccccscserercrssreereree®

Nation World's Leading Producer of White Chrysolite Asbestos
(THE HERALD, 2 Sep 86)..--sseceeecerccccererccscrersereees

Briefs
Mineral Volume Up
5 Dams of Mashonaland
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

BLACKS

Official Comments on Possible U.S. Agricultural Sanctions
(SAPA, 3 Sep 86)..

Courts Prohibited From Ruling on Namibia Legislation
(SAPA, 5 Sep 86).cecererececcccrscccccscnsrreresscsereere®

Minister Viljoen Discusses Closure of Black Schools
(Gerrit Viljoen Interview; Johannesburg Television
Service, 10 Sep 86)...e.eeeeerecerecerececeree aac cccccceee

CP Leader Rejects Confederation Solution
(Johannesburg Television Service, 10 Sep 1.)

Briefs
New President's Council Members

Black Education Plan in Britain Discussed
(SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Aug 86)-.ceccececesecccesesccecrscreeres

Government Increases Financial Assistance to Transkei
(EVENING POST, 21 Aug 86) .sssecceceecccecccecoccsrecscreee

Japanese Scholarships for Black University Students
(THE ARGUS, 25 Aug 86)..+.-seeeeee

-d-

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50

51

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53

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55

58

59

60

62

63


SOUTH AFRICA

‘HARSH REALITY' OF SANCTIONS FOR REGION SEEN
MB100725 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 10 Sep 86
{Station commentary: "Punitive Sanctions"]

[Text] It is close on 6 weeks since the rulers of Zambia and Zimbabwe
announced, with much emotional speech-making, that they would impose
comprehensive punitive sanctions on South Africa. The emotionalism in
Lusaka and Harare has become muted in the 6 weeks since then. South African
Railways' trucks are still busily ferrying goods to and from Zimbabwe and
Zambia and, in the skies above, South African Airways is still operating,
even landing in Harare during last week's nonaligned conference.

The harsh reality is dawning as to exactly what sanctions will mean to

the economies of southern Africa; to the north, the European Community,
approaching the end of a 3-month deadline for approving its own package

of sanctions, has been unable to reach consensus. Such developments,

coming after 3 months of the most intensive lobbying for sanctions throughout
the Western world, also signals an increasingly acute awareness of the
hazards involved. One manifestation of this awareness comes from TIME
magazine, which says and we quote: Reagan is right in asserting that

South Africa plays an important role in the global balance. It could be
dangerous if American foreign policy is once again driven by a moral rampage
against an unpopular pro-Western state. The magazine concludes: The long
term interests of both the United States and South Africans, black and
white, will require a tortuous and careful sorting out of extremely complex
facts rather than a headlong rush toward confrontation.

The sanctions bandwagon has acquired a momentum that makes it for the
moment unstoppable, but the wall of self-righteous complacency behind which
the sanctions campaigners have built up their attack is-showing cracks.
And, through the cracks, come the first glimmerings of realism and the
first signs of a reassessment of just what sort of harm sanctions will

do, not only to South Africa but to other countries as well. Slowly, the
realization is dawning that the harm to others will be substantial.

19604
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68



FARM SETTLEMENTS FOR EX-SERVICEMEN PLANNED

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 17 Aug 86 p 1

[Text]

19274
cso:

HE federal government is
to set up farm settlements
in ail the states of the federa-
tion and Abuja as part of its
plans to resettle ex-servicemen,
the assistant secretary-general

‘of the Nigerian Legion,

Captain John Adole, has said
in Bauchi.

He told the Bauchi State
governor, Col Chris Garuba
that the scheme was aimed at
providing an alternative source
of employment for ex-service-
men and making retired and
discharged soldiers to form a
co-operative farmers’ society to.
boost food production.

Capt. Adole said that the
Ministry of Defence had
already requested the states for

3400/464

land for the scheme and that
Bauchi had been selected for
the take-off of thescheme.

He said thaé thé statebranch
of the legion” had already
cultivated 500 acres of land
with assorted crops and: that
about 820,000 had so far been
invested in the farm.

He said that the legion could
have cultivated more but the
Gongola/Jamaare: River Basin
Authority which was assisting
it could not meet its demand
for tractor-hiring services,

Capt Adole cailed on the
state government to assist the
legion in the attainment of its
objectives by allocating to it ‘a
suitable hitch-free = and

23

litigation-free land’,

+ He said that the most
Pressing problem of the legion
was the: construction of two
small farm houses to give
shelter to two guards posted to
“the farm to check the menace
of animals.

Col Garuba pledged the
continued assistance of the
government to the legion
saying that it was an institution
which required government co-
operation.

The governor said that, he
would direct the state Ministry
of Works to undertake the
construction of two houses on

. the farm to accommodate the
guards and solve the problem
of land.

NIGERIA



mittee member, Thomas Shabalala, who has
publicly declared how he aims to leave hundreds
of UDF supporters dead on the battlefield, has
a paid impi of 200 under his control, financed
out of taxes imposed on people in the Lindelani
area.

Although they are probably most severe in
Natal, vigilante actions have spread to many parts
of our country, leaving behind them a string of
corpses, injured people and damaged property.
It was reported in the Johannesburg Star of
December 3rd 1985, that in Tumahole, for ex-
ample, Lefu Rasego, 19, was hacked and beaten
to death with garden implements by vigilantes.

Policemen Help with Dirty Work

Where police have had less success in setting up
formal vigilante groups, they have relied on "off-
duty” colleagues and unemployed individuals to
do the necessary dirty work. And dirty work it
is. At least eleven activists’ homes in At-
teridgeville have been hit by petrol bombs thrown
under cover of darkness. Evidence in the Pretoria
supreme court has showed police to be deeply
implicated in these attacks, as was reported in
The Sowetan of October 25th, 1985.

More evidence comes from a 20-year-old
youth, Mlungisi Maseti, who has made affidavits
describing his involvement with police in
firebombing the homes of Cradock leaders. More
recently, Abraham Zwane, 19, revealed in June
how he was paid R500 to be part of a vigilante
death squad that left a woman dead, a man badly
injured, and eight homes burned to the ground.

In Alexandra, the same late night attacks have
happened, and the pattern is repeated, along with
numerous deaths and injuries in Soshanguve,
Kroonstad, Tsakane, Mamelodi, Mankweng,
Namakgale, Lenasia, Moutse, Brits, Kagiso,
Ackerville, and even in White Uitenhage, where
the house of an anti-apartheid sportsman was raz-
ed by fire.

White Vigilante Bandits
White vigilante bandits have also engaged in very
severe crimes against our people. Regularly, they
have been invading Kagiso township where one
of their victims, Stephen Matshogo, 22, died
after a beating, so badly pulverised that he was
described as unrecognisable as a human being,
and his head was pulp. Other Kagiso residents
were dragged from vehicles and homes and
beaten unmercifully with rifle butts, pick
handles, truncheons and stones. Two were shot
in the heart. A nine-month-old baby, Kate Tsele,
was teargassed and had to be hospitalised. One
doctor saw 22 victims in one day. Said one
activist:

"No one escaped the rain of blows; toddlers,
Pregnant women, the elderly, the infirm — if they

19274
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66

had a black skin, it seems they felt the sting of
the whip and the thud of the truncheon.”

Violence by vigilantes, police and White thugs
might start off as ‘unofficial’ activity, but the of-
ficial involvement of the regime is being increas-
ingly exposed. Because the police are now not
escaping blame, a new criminal strategy is be-
ing developed. The regime is now moving
towards legalising, and more directly organis-
ing, the violence.

Asa result, the discredited community coun-
cils are being assisted in setting up their own
private police forces, and in many cases, the
recruits are erstwhile vigilantes. That this is a
most serious development can be seen from.the
plans made for the Alexandra council before its
collapse.

In Alexandra, the State made available
R75 000 to recruit a 50-strong force, and equip
them with 10 vans, 11 shotguns, 40 revolvers,
10 rubber bullet riot guns, 80 riot helmets and
shields, 40 sjamboks and a bomb blanket.
Altogether, the regime has allocated R25 million
to the councils for similar purposes.

This is the tendency in many African
townships. In the Coloured areas of Queenstown,
a vigilante squad has already been formalised and
incorporated in the army.

The racist regime has become more violentto-
day than before. Its use of vigilantes is a sign of
its desperation. Our people, unarmed and
disarmed, are very vulnerable to vigilante at--
tacks. They have become fugitives and refugees
in their own residential areas.

The People’s Determination. Strengthened
The activities of the vigilantes seem to show a
certain pattern, a strategy the racists are devis-
ing to divide our people, to break their unity, to
destroy their spirit of resistance and determina-
tion to struggle. After the murderous attacks by
the vigilantes on the Crossroads people, the racist
regime felt bold enough to tell the people to. go
to Khayelitsha — a move the racists had not been
able to bring about for vears.

But these actions do not demoralise our peo-
ple. On the contrary, they instil courage and
determination. The funeral of Goniwe, Calata,
Mkhonto and Mhlawuli in Cradock demonstrated
this, when people tuned the sad occasion into
a massive demonstration of solidarity and com-
mitment to the ANC and SACP.

The ANC is convinced that the vigilantes will
disappear with apartheid. So will UNITA, the
so-called Lesotho Liberation Army and Mozam-
bique’s MNR. In this year of Umkhonto we
Sizwe, the People’s Army, we have pledged to
remove these evils from the face of Southern
Africa.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEW PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL MEMBERS--The chairman of the Minister's Council in
the House of Representatives, the Reverend Allan Hendrickse, has announced
the names of the three new members of the President's Council. They

are Mr Billy (Ross) of the Eastern Cape who also serves on the SABC board,
Mr E.D. Jackson of Transvaal, and Mr Albert (Stowman) of Natal. Their
appointments take immediate effect. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service
in English 0500 GMT 5 Sep 86] /9604

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59



PAPER QUESTIONS DEPOSITION OF MURI EMIR

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 24 Aug 86 pl

[Editorial]

[Text]

SO the Gongola State Governor, Colonel
Yohanna Madaki, has decided to act the chick-
en-hawk by employing a military fiat in resolv-

ing the hassle in which he got entangled with

aj Umaru Abba Tukur? .

We are talking about the deposition of
Alhaji Umaru Abba as. the Emir of Muri.
Under normal circumstances, we would have
been impressed with the action considering
the catalogue of allegations against the ex-
emir as contained in his letter of deposition.

But when the action Is viewed within the
context of the tug-of-war between the ex-
emir and government of Gongola State
which is already beforea Federal High Court,
we have a lot of reservations. .

We may be wrong to impute contempt of
court against the governor. ‘Surely we are not
the ones to do It. The courts can be their own
detenders. We nevertheless believe that the
decision to remove the emir In the middle of
a court case seems to do some violence to the
con of justice and separation of powers as
we ordinary mortals know it.

More violent becomes the decision when It
is perceived that Governor Madaki Is among
the newly arrived graduates of our highly
esteemed law school, the Nagerian Law
School.

In the first place here was an emir who,
allegedly filed false claims of N516,051.02 as
compensation for a piece of land sold to Al-
Hilal Agric Process Limited in the Jalingo
Local Government Area of the state. The
emir was said by the government to have
been over paid to the tune of 249,842.26.

As fur as the government appointed com-
mittee that Investigated the compensation
matter was concerned, Alhaji Umar Abba
Tukur was only entitled to 3,470.

16

NIGERIA


SWAZILAND

CATHOLIC BISHOP SUPPORTS SANCTIONS AGAINST RSA
MB281026 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 28 Aug 86 pp 1, 24

[Text] Sanctions must be imposed on South Africa if that will bring peace to
that country, the Catholic Bishop of Swaziland said yesterday.

The leader of the large Catholic community in Swaziland, Bishop Ncamiso
Ndlovu said the Catholic church welcomes the imposition of sanctions against
South Africa if this means the liberation of "oppressed people" of that
country. "If sanctions bring liberation to the oppressed, then they are
welcome. In preaching the gospel of Christ we preach the liberation of the
whole person," he said yesterday.

When he met a group of West German Parliamentary deputies who toured the
country last week, Bishop Ndlovu also expressed his favor for sanctions for
change in the republic.

Asked whether he was aware of economic spill-over to Swaziland when the
sanctions are imposed against the republic, Bishop Ndlovu replied: “That
is for the politicians. I am a religious leader and I always talk on the
religious side."

Bishop Ndlovu has just returned from attending a southern African Catholic
Bishops conference in Johannesburg where it was said the "most effective"
of non-violent forms of pressure left is economic pressure.

The bishops said they were deeply concerned about additional sufferings that
some forms of economic pressure might cause and said they remained very
sensitive to the possibility of further unemployment and escalating violence
in the republic.

"But against this we have the balance of enormity of the present suffering,
the rate of unemployment and the prospects of the future if apartheid is not
dismantled soon," the bishops observed.

"The aim and purpose of economic pressure is to change our society so that

the present sufferings may be removed together with the obstacles to unemploy-
ment deriving from the apartheid system.

33



SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIAL COMMENTS ON POSSIBLE U.S. AGRICULTURAL SANCTIONS
MBO31842 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1746 GMT 3 Sep 86

[Text] Pretoria, 3 Sep (SAPA)--It was hoped that farmers in the United
States would consider taking a strong stand "against the intervention

of politicians in the present sound trade relations" between that country
and South Africa, the minister of agricultural economics and water affairs,
Mr Greyling Wentzel, said today.

Following discussions held yesterday with the president of the South
African Agricultural Union (SAAU), “Mr Wentzel said in a statement he
appreciated the viewpoint taken by the SAAU on the possible imposition of
sanctions by the United States "in respect of agricultural products,
particularly if it is taken into account that over the years exceptionally
good trade relations have existed between the two countries."

"South Africa has, during shortages arising from drought conditions,
imported large quantities of grain from the United States," Mr Wentzel
said. "In the most recent cases the imports proceeded at slightly less
competitive prices precisely on account of the fact that the RSA regards
the United States as far as provision and quality are concerned, as a
reliable supplier," he said.

The South African farmer felt therefore that he could expect the government
to support him in his view regarding the imposition of sanction.

The South African farmer would also “earnestly appeal to his fellow-farmer
in the United States, who at present is also contending with difficult
economic conditions," to insist that their government should not impose
sanctions "on the RSA in the light also, in particular, of the limited
sales opportunities which exist worldwide at present for the disposal of
grain products," Mr Wentzel said. .

It was hoped that farmers in the United States would consider taking "a
strong stand against the intervention of politicians in the present sound
trade relations between the United States and RSA, and that they will
endeavour to persuade the politicians to adopt other views," he said.
"Tt is still the point of view of the South African Government that it
does not believe in sanctions and in participation in boycotts to the
detriment of its own farmers.

“The minister wishes on behalf of the government to give the assurance
to the South African farmer that he will do everything within his powers
to protect them against sanctions if these should become a reality,"

Mr Wentzel said.

/9604 53
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NIGERIA

UNEVEN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT CAUSES DISSATISFACTION
Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 31 Aug 86 p 3
{Article by Benson Upah]

[Text] When the grim-faced Colonel Chris Garuba of Bauchi State declared
before a group of reporters that, “We have come together on a number of is-
sues..,that is why we are having problems," he was stating what many top
government functionaries have been afraid to say all these years.

The statement has caused tremors in some quarters, and landslides are expected
to follow if nothing is done to curb what prompted the governor's outburst.

THE TRIUMPH for instance in its editorial of July 31, 1986 described it as
“clearly pregnant with meaning, and worrying."

THE TRIUMPH in the same editorial lectured the governor on the virtues of
unity and went further to ask, "who does not ‘want to come together’ and
why?"

While the mild indictment of the governor by THE TRIUMPH is understandable,

it is worth pointing out that the governor's outburst is a reflection of the
thinking of many Nigerians who have had to suffer under the umbrella of region-
alism or colonial brotherhood.

I£ the governor had called for the fragmentation of the country or the north
in particular, nobody would have followed him. What he is advocating is
socio-economic justice, this is why his "rebellious" statement deserves oe
more than a cursory glance.

The New Nigerian Development Company (NNDC) which is owned by the 10 northern
states is hardly felt outside Kano and Kaduna yet it is supposed to be the
biggest syndicate in Africa, having over 104 companies.

Even the 10” governors*

Bauchi. Torin. Makurdi and one lee :
Bauct meetings must always take place
Minna are left in the cold. excep! in Kaduna reminding the visiting
occasionally. when one nouces governors ail the time that they

lone branch of Bank of the North.
Aside from this. NNDC_ has
nothing to show in these
shareholding states.

are subservient to Kaduna State.
the former regional headquarters
of the north

19



SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE FEAR GANGS WITH DEADLY WEAPONS COULD START WAR IN CAPE

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 23 Aug 86 p 17

{Article by Stephen Wrottesley]

[Text]

PENINSULA gangsters are arming them-
selves with a deadly collection of home-
made firearms which, police fear, could lead
to a major gangland war.

An increasing number of murders and at-
tempted murders are being reported on the
Cape Flats, most involving “zip guns”.

Police are attempting to root out the men
behind the back-yard armaments industry
before gangsters use their illegal weapons
to take control of Cape Town’s sub-economic
communities.

Dangerous development

Police described the increasing number of
home-made weapons as a dangerous develop-
ment in gangland activity.

“Zip guns” are made out of bit and pieces
found in workshops and homes, making it diffi-
cult to track down the manufacturers.

Able to fire only one shot at a time, the guns
are no use in a continuous gun battle. But for one
sharp fusillade, a “hit” or to intimidate, the weap-
ons are perfect.

A prime example was one made from part of a
paint spray. A piece of tubing with the same di-
ameter as a bullet was placed in a slot at the
front while at the back, an elastic band was at-
tached to two pegs.

When a nail was attached to the band and the
band was stretched and released, a firing mecha-
nism was created.

Double-barrelled version

Among others recovered recently was one
made from a piece of tubing with a skewer as
firing pin. Another was a double-barrelled ver-
sion.

A detective who has had to face such weapons
said that many look like metal bars and that it
would be impossible to pick them out as guns ex-

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86

cept at close range.

He said that if a bullet was too small for the
chamber, gangsters put wire around the car-
tridge to ensure a snug fit.

Police said this week that three home-made
guns had been confiscated in Elsies River and six
in Lansdowne. Cases involving “zip guns” had
also been reported at Philippi.

Police put the increase in the number of weap-
‘ons down to the ease with which they could be

made. ,
But another reason could be that there is plen-
ty of ammunition ‘available on the black market.
Police confirm that thousands of firerams are
stolen annually and, with each gun, a quantity of
ammunition is also taken.

As one policeman pointed out: “It takes only
one bullet to kill.”

A police spokesman said that police headquar-
ters was of the opinion that the “zip gun” was a
firearm and that it was therefore illegal to pos-
sess one without a licence.

However other experts are not so sure.

‘They point out that the Arms and Ammunition
Act, in its defenition of “arm”, makes it illegal to
possess any barrel of an arm.

This would imply that the barrel of a-weapon
is an important part of deciding whether a mech-
anism falls within the ambit ot the Act.

‘As many “zip guns” do not have barrels in the
accepted Sense of the word, they are not arms in
terms of the Act, an expert said.

The weapon would also not be controlled by
the Dangerous Weapons Act either as a danger-
ous weapon is defined as “any object, other than
a firearm, which is likely to cause serious bodily
injury if it were used to commit an assault”.
Without a bullet, a “zip gun” could not cause seri-
ous bodily injury.

The police spokesman said the arguments had
yet to be tested in court.



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

ARGENTINA OFFERS LINE OF CREDIT--The Argentine Government has just granted a
line of credit totaling about $5 million for the purchase of goods and
finished products from the Argentine Republic, according to a communique
issued to the press on Wednesday by the Department of International
Cooperation and Foreign Trade. The news was announced following the audience
granted by Citizen Mobutu Nyiwa, secretary of state for international
cooperation and foreign trade, to Ruben Antonio Vela, the Argentine Republic's
ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Zaire, on Wednesday. The same
source adds that the specific arrangement relating to this line of credit will
be signed by the two countries in the near future. The communique notes that
the granting of this line of credit bears witness once again to the excellent
relations existing between Zaire and Argentina in the field of cooperation.
{Text] [Kinshasa ELIMA in French 4 Jul 86 pp 1, 5] 11798

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40



The more important decision-making apparatus would only function properly
within the confines of a homogenous institution representative of the South
African population as a whole.

"Such a model must have as a first object the removal of the almost total
inertia which has been the most important characteristic of the South African
economy for almost two decades."

TUCSA, Mr Van der Merwe said, was of the opinion that South Africa's economic
problem was not that of an economy in the [word indistinct] of a deep
recession caused mainly by a communist and media plot from abroad.

That such an onslaught was being conducted at a most inopportune time, was
readily recognized.

"The prolonged drought and other exogeneous problems facing the country are,
of course, responsible for a substantial part of the hardships experienced
by the country.

"It is appreciated that the government is trying its level best to change
the many phases of the country's socioeconomic and political life under
very difficult circumstances, labour is, however, of the opinion that first
things should be done first," Mr Van der Merwe said.

/8309
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81



SOUTH AFRICA

CP LEADER REJECTS CONFEDERATION SOLUTION
MB101948 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 10 Sep 86

[Text] The leader of the Conservative Party [CP], has rejected confederation
as a political solution for South Africa. Dr Andries Treurnicht addressed

a public meeting at Ladysmith in support of his candidate in the byelection
of Klipriver.

[Begin video recording] [Unidentified reporter] Regarding the latest
discussion between the CP and the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party--reformed
National Party], Dr Treurnicht announced last night that both parties

now accept that there can be only one right wing party in South African
politics, and intimated that the CP and the ulta-right wing, in view of

a possible general election in the near future, are closer to merging than
ever before. In his address Dr Treurnicht emphasized the right wing
rejection of the idea of a federal system.

[Treurnicht] The government is choosing a dangerous path. It is being
led by the nose by the NRP {New Republic Party] which has a policy of
federation--confederation. What does that mean my friend? It means that
in South Africa, in the areas outside the national states, you have whites,
coloreds, and Indians and the urban blacks, and they say these must form a
federation. If you put them together... [changes tought] and now they want
to try something else here in Natal. But even with that formula the blacks
would be in the majority within South Africa and then this South Africa,
which is federation now, must enter into a confederation with the black
states that are independent. In other words South Africa will have a
black majority, black domination. [end video recording]

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58



SOUTH AFRICA

GROUP DETAILS EXTENT OF TRADE UNION ARRESTS
MB050619 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2116 GMT 4 Sep 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Sep 4 SAPA--Of 479 trade unionists detained at some
stage during the state of emergency, 329 were still being held, the Labour
Monitoring Group [LMG] said today. Of the 479, 141 had been released, four
were charged, four were released then restricted, and one was transferred
to detention under section 29 of the Internal Security Act.

The LMG has compiled a list of all trade union officials, shop stewards and
trade union members known to have been detained countrywide during the state
of emergency. The figures, the LMG said, did not include mass arrests.

LMG records indicated "about 2,200 members have been detained in mass arrests."
In addition to the individuals, 10 SAAWU (South African Allied Workers Union)
members, and one CIMWA (Cape Town Municipal Workers Association) member, were
detained. Approximately 40 railway workers in Port Elizabeth were also held
for about a month. Several hundred of those detained lost pay, while some

lost their jobs as a result of being in detention. Most unions were demanding
full pay and job guarantees for detainees, the LMG, an independent monitoring
group, said.

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82



the goatee beards and the denims of some
of the lecturers, for they see these as in-
dications that the campuses have gone
red.

A few years back, the ABU made.a
move to ban the teaching of communism
in its political science programme. But
even America, the very quintessence of
capitalism, teaches communism in its
universities, because it realises that a
univerity is the place to teach any and

everything under the sun.

All the institutions that were shut in the
wake of the students’ crisis have now re-
opened, the only exceptions being the
University of Ife and the Kaduna
Polytechnic, two institutions which the
government thinks had crossed the “dine
of death.” But even the institutions that
re-opened have not bothered to complete
the teaching of courses listed on their
syllabus; instead, they have rushed the
students through examinations that they
were ill-prepared for an adorned them
with graduation gowns and caps, and if
you remove the caps you’ll find that there
is nothing much left. All the same, they
are going out into the world flashing their
“meal tickets,” except that these days one
can see the tickets but not the meals.

The students of Ife and Kaduna,
however, don’t have a chance of acquiring
these so-called meal tickets this year as
their institutions remain firmly shut. The
Justice Mustafa Akanbi Committee that is
inquiring into the disturbances in several
institutions is yet to complete its work and
until it does, the two unfortunate institu-

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27

tions will lie fallow.

Since there is more than a casual hint
that there is a real likelihood of a purge in
these and perhaps other institutions, a
purge that the students may object to, the
grand strategy seems to be to keep the
students away until the long knives have
been used. At present, all the lecturers at
the University of Ife have been sent away
on leave and as far as this year is concern-
ed the fate of the students hangs in the
balance.

he surprising thing is that there
is this thunderous sound of si-
lence in the country as if these
things fall within the normal order of
things, as if losing a whole year does not
make any difference to students, parents
and the country. Isn’t it enough tragedy
for the nation to make policies that clearly
have the effect of churning out intellectual
zombies and robots. Isn’t it enough
tragedy to simply let the students pass
through the universities without the
universities passing through them? Isn’t it
enough tragedy to have a mad education
system that has no method whatsoever to
it, a system that is aimed at nothing except
to manufacture certificated illiterates?
it is clear that the nation is bent on
creating more problems in the educational
sector. Almost every step it takes is like a
nail that is driven into education’s coffin.
But the coffin maker‘and grave digger,
Jubril Aminu, evidently thinks that the
corpse is alive and well. Must Nigeria go
along with him?



BRIEFS

UNITA KILLS 13 MPLA TROOPS--Free Land of Angola, 11 Sep (KUP)--A UNITA
guerrilla unit destroyed three military vehicles of theMPLA's 86th Brigade
traveling between the towns of Beira~Alta and Ngulungo-alto in Cuenza
Norte Province at the end of last week. A total of 13 MPLA soldiers were
killed and 13 AKM automatic weapons, 1 PKM, 1 60-mm mortar, 3 60-nm shells,
3 pistols and an assortment of military equipment as well as various other
goods were captured. This information was revealed by the UNITA operations
office. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in French to Southern and Central
Africa 0600 GMT 11 Sep 86] /9604

UNITA CLAIMS 24 TROOPS KILLED--The UNITA movement in Angola says its forces
killed 24 government soldiers in skirmishes on Sunday and Monday. In

a statement issued in Lisbon, UNITA accused government troops of having
massacred 63 civilians. The statement says the government troops were
supported by SWAPO terrorists. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 11 Sep 86] /9604

49 MPLA, 8 CUBANS KILLED--Free Land of Angola, 10 Sep (KUP)--A communique
released by UNITA's general chief staff reveals that in 1-4 September
fighting in Cuanza Norte, Bie, and Moxico provinces, UNITA forces killed
49 MPLA soldiers and 8 Cuban troops. The communique adds that 3 MPLA
soldiers from the 37th Brigade were captured east of Cuemba, near the
Chitende River. During these attacks, UNITA forces destroyed 2 tanks and
38 military vehicles. UNITA suffered 11 dead and 36 injured as a result
of these operations. [Text] [(Clandestine) KUP in French to Southern
and Central Africa 0611 GMT 10 Sep 86] /9604

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U.S. ACCUSED OF BLACKMAIL--Zambia has expressed indignation at the overt
use of economic aid by the Reagan Administration to blackmail small nations
into toeing political lines. President Kaunda declared that small nations
need aid to develop but also need the independence of thought and action.
Dr Kaunda made Zambia's stand clear on the decision by the American Govern-
ment to cut aid to Zimbabwe over policy differences, in an interview with
Zambian journalists covering the eight nonaligned summit in Harare. Presi-
dent Kaunda said if small nations are going to be treated in such a blatant
manner by richer ones, aid would stop flowing. He explained that several
African countries, including Zambia, have been severely criticized over their
policies, but they had merely responded by explaining their positions.
[Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 4 Sep 86 MB] «6/9738

PREPARATIONS AGAINST RSA MANEUVERS--The party secretary general, Mr Grey
Zulu, has warned the nation to stock enough food to prepare itself to ward
off South African retaliatory maneuvers if Zambia breaks trading links
with the racist regime. Mr Zulu issued the warning in (?Chipala) this
morning on his arrival at the airport to attend a 12-day political seminar
being held (?for party officials in Central Province). He said in the
wake of stopping trade with South Africa, Pretoria will use all means at
his disposal to destabilize Zambia and create another problem for the
country. Mr Zulu said the racists will fail to destabilize the nation if
there was enough food and urged farmers and other marketing agencies to
ensure that all the maize and other produce are stored safely and properly
to prevent wastage. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT
9 Sep 86] /9604

cso: 3400/558

42



It was from this viewpoint that Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos
made his appeal to the members of the Nonaligned Movement meeting in
Harare: The frontline states need the aid and solidarity of the inter-

national community to face the war and its negative effects on the
population, as well as direct financial aid or credits and loans to carry
out projects to guarantee the normal functioning of regional infrastructures.

The position of the Angolan Government in regard to ways of finding peace
in southern Africa is therefore unequivocal and firm, which effectively
negates the participation of the armed bandits in the pay of Pretoria in
any of negotiations.

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ZAIRE

STRENGTHENING OF BILATERAL COOPERATION WITH MOROCCO
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 4 Jul 86 pp 1, 5
{Article by Monsa Iyaka Duku]

[Text] The new Moroccan ambassador has delivered an invitation from his prime
minister to the first state commissioner.

His Excellency Majid Balalem, the Kingdom of Morocco's ambassador to Zaire,
has delivered an invitation to the first state commissioner, Citizen Kengo wa
Dondo, from his Moroccan colleague, Azzedine Laraki, to make an official
visit. The Moroccan diplomat did so while making a courtesy visit to the
coordinator of the government. He also took that opportunity to inform the
latter that the Moroccan Government has just decided to increase by 30 percent
the number of scholarships made available to the Executive Council. About 100
Zairian students are currently studying in Moroccan universities and higher
institutes in accordance with the cultural agreements linking the two
countries. For his part, His Majesty King Hassan II has given his consent to
the twinning of two cities, one in Morocco and the other in Zaire.

Yesterday's interview also enabled the two important figures to survey the
privileged relations existing between Zaire and Morocco. They discussed ways
and means of strengthening cooperation by giving it new impetus. The Moroccan
ambassador said that Morocco is Zaire's fourth most important partner and that
during his tour of duty here, -he firmly intends to put new blood into that
cooperation. The Moroccan diplomat feels that Zaire and Morocco have broad
experience in several areas and that together, they can take every possible
step to ensure that each benefits.

To strengthen that bilateral cooperation, the two countries have established a
major joint commission that meets annually. There is also a followup
committee that studies common points of interest. It will meet soon to
prepare for the meeting by the major commission, which will be held in Zaire
before the end of this year. We note that the first state commissioner has
accepted the invitation to visit Morocco. The date of his visit will be
arranged through diplomatic channels.

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36



GOVERNOR APPOINTMENTS, REASSIGNMENTS ANNOUNCED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 27 Aug 86 pp l, 3

[Text]

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EIGHT new governors
have been appointed by:
the Federal Government
in a major reshuffle of
the National Council of
States, announced in
Lagos yesterday.

The reshufflement which
was approved by the Armed
Forces Ruling Council..
(AFRC) saw the re-
assignment ‘of five former:
governors to other states,’
the re-deployment of eight’
governors and the retention:
of five.

The new governors include '
two ministers’ and a member
of the AFRC. They took their:
oath of office yesterday. They
are: Commander .E.
Princewill, Cross River State;
Lt-Commander Amadi
Ikwechegh, Imo State; Lt-
Colonel Ahmed Abdullahi,
Kwara State; Lt-Colone!
Garuba A. Mohammed, Niger
State; Colonel Raji Rasaki,
Ogun State: Colonel E.B.
Opaleye, Ondo State; Colonel!
Anthony Ukpo, Rivers State
and Colonel Lav-rence Onoja,
Plateau State.

na Madaki who swapped states
with Group Captain David Jang
from Gongola to Benue: Wing
Commander M.M. Umaru, from

Kwara to Kano: Navy Captain
Mike Akhigbe from Ondo to
Lagos and Colonel Ahmed Daku
from Kano to Sokoto.

Thoge who retained their pasts
are Group Captain Emeka
Omeruah. Anambra: Colonel
John Mark Inienger: Bendel, Col-
onel Tunji Olurin, Oyo: Lt-
Colonel Abubakar Umar.
Kaduna: Colonel Chris Garuba,
Bauchi and I.t.-Calonel Abdul
Mumuni Aminu, Borno.

The eight governors re-
deployed are Navy Captain:
Allison sladueke. Imo: Colonel
Mohammed Chi ili, Plateau:
Colonel Dan Archibong, Cross
River; Group Captain Gbolahan

Mudashiru. Lagos: Colonel
David Mark, Niger: Colonel
Oladayo Popoola, Ogun:

Police Commissioner Fidelis
Ovakhilome. Rivers and Col.
Garba Mohammed. Sokoto State.

President Ibrahim Babangida
told the new governors after they
‘were sworn-in that their postings
should be regarded as military
postings.

He commended. the former,
governors’ and urged the new
ones to maintain their standard.

He told the former governors
that the government and the na-
tion appreciated their excellent
performances and was proud of
them. .

Chief of General Staff. Com-
modore Ukiwe told newsmen
after the meeting of National
Council of State that the former

ali sat
ki, a member of the AFRC, had
seized to be a member with his
sappointment as governor.

15



SPECIAL CARGO VESSELS BOOST BEIRA PORT

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Aug 86 p 10

[Text]

CARGO leaving Beira for Europe
aboard conventional freighters is
now routinely reshipped througn
a South African port om the way.
But specialised “roll-on, roll-oti”
vessels have been providing more
direct cargo service between Beira
and Europe for years and 4
Soviet line may soon start direct
shipments from Beira.

‘These types of vessels are 80
equipped that cargo containers
can be literally rolled on and off
the ship without the need for
derricks and cranes, making them
ldeol for ports like Beira that
have limited loading facilities.

The roll-on, roll-off (or ro-ro)
cargo service at Beira ig being
provided as a joint operation be-
tween the’ Conference Lines and
a Swedish company called Trans-
atlantic. A spokesman for the
operation said it is “the only ser-
viee calling on a regular basis at
Beira packing cargo direct for
Europe”.

Ro-ro ships call at Beira every
three weeks at present, loading
and unloading some 200 cargo
containers with each stop. The

19274

cso: 3400/551

ships do call at South African
ports on their way back to
Surope, but there is no standard
reshipment of their freight as
there is with regular cargo ves-
sels.

‘The ro-ro shipping service at
Beira and Maputo has been pro-
vided for the past seven years.
“We've had a long-term
ment to Beira and intend to con-
tinue with it,” said a spokesman
for one of the operation’s agents
in Zimbabwe.

But the service may soon face
regular competition on the direct
cargo route to Europe from 2
Soviet-based shipping line.

The Zimbabwean agent for
Besta Line, which is headquarter-
ed in Leningrad, said the Soviet
_shipping company made a decision
in July to resume regular freight
services between Beira and Europe
ag a result of recent changes in
Mozambican wharfage rates.

According to the agent, Besta
Line previously operated a cargo
service at Beira between 1983 and
1985, “The service gort of fizzled
cut when South Africa in-

10

MOZAMBIQUE

troduced lower wharfage rates”
last year, the agent said.

The Soviet ships are scheduled
to call at Beira once a month
and will be able to handle con-
tainers and light bulk cargo,
according to the agent for the.
line.

‘The threat that South Africa
might close Zimbabwe's tradition-
al import-export trade routes has
stimulated interest in the use of
Beira, Lower cargo rates for the
Beira route have also increased
the desire among Zimbabwean
companies to take advantage of
the port.

“Cargo hasn’t yet matched the
potential for Beira,” said the
agent for the ro-ro operation. He
addeg that the companies involved
im the operation were now
“studying carefully the various
options” for expanding services to
the Mozambican port.

One option might be the use
of cargo vessels that carry their
own equipment for loading and
unloading freight, the so-called
“self - gustaining vessels” now
being used at other Bast African
ports.



Role of Vigilantes in Police Repression Condemned
(Kgomotso Bapela; SECHABA, Aug 86)....-esseecececeeccrceee

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Commentary Views Cuban Role in Angola
(Johannesburg International Service, 5 Sep 86).........-6+

"Harsh Reality’ of Sanctions for Region Seen
(Johannesburg International Service, 10 Sep 86).......-.++

ECC Holds First Cape Meeting Since Emergency
(SAPA, 5 Sep 86)..cccsecccccccevececerserseeeeesecetes sees

AZAPO President Warns of Beirut-Type Situation
(Saths Cooper; POST NATAL, 3-6 Sep 86)......eesceceeceeeee

"Mysterious' Anti-ANC Publication Appears
(SAPA, 11 Sep 86)... ccecccccccccccccccerccecrcceccessseses

Suzman Criticizes Forced Removal North of Pretoria
(SAPA, 5 Sep 86)..

MP Claims Detainees List 'Deliberately Jumbled'
(SAPA, 9 Sep 86).....seeeeeeeee seeeeecccecceceesceceeeeees

PFP MP Says Information Bureau 'Discredited'
(SAPA, 3 Sep 86) ceccececccccccerccecccecccecrscessecsssees

LP Adopts 'Toughest Stance’ on Reform
(Johannesburg Television Service, 6 Sep 86).....eeeeeeeeee

SACC Outlines Effects of Homeland Incorporation
(SAPA, 4 Sep 86) .cccecccccscccccccnceresscccececreccrsecee

"Brutalization of Innocent’ Seen Justifying Emergency
(Johannesburg International Service, 6 Sep 86)...seceeeeee

TUCSA Official Calls for Blacks in Decisionmaking
(SAPA, 3 Sep 86) ececceccecccccecccccccceccsscecsscsssscves

Group Details Extent of Trade Union Arrests
(SAPA, 4 Sep 86). .ccccecccccerccncccccececscecsssscscences

Vaal Triangle Reports Worker Stayaway
(SAPA, 3 Sep 86)..sceccscccceccccserccccecccereces ceceece

Group Says 48 Townships Boycotting Rent Payments
(SAPA, 5 Sep 86) ..cccccccccecccccccccscececcesceseecceees .

Police Fear Gangs With Deadly Weapons Could Start War in Cape
(Stephen Wrottesley; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 23 Aug 86)..

-~e-

64

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68

69

70

72

73

74

75

77

78

79

80

82

83

85

86



wholesale sjambokking session at the local
authority board offices. In Fort Beaufort, 20 af-
fidavits incriminate the local police station com-
mander, a Captain Grobler, in the beatings.

@ In Leandra, 50 UDF supporters, who had
long opposed forced removal of their village,
have still been unable to return home after
vigilantes forced them to flee in January this year.
When they tried to return in May, the vigilantes,
assisted by two Whites, attacked them with
pangas. Thomas Ditshego, the son-in-law of the
popular Chief Mayisa, assassinated by vigilantes
in December last year, had his eye gouged out.
Police observed the attack without intervening.
@ In direct association with the “Chief
Minister” of the soon-to-be-independent ban-
tustan, KwaNdebele, a large gang of vigilantes
has committed terrible acts against people oppos-
ing bantustan rule or incorporation into the ban-
tustan. In January, 400 residents of Moutse were
abducted by this gang, taken to KwaNdebele, and
viciously thrashed on a slippery wet floor for a
whole night, all the while having to shout pro-
KwaNdebele slogans. Again, vigilantes and
police are working hand in hand there.

Special mention must be made of the atrocities
committed on a vast scale by Gatsha Buthelezi’s
Inkatha vigilantes. Amongst the numerous peo-
ple abducted and hacked to death by Buthelezi’s
butchers — even before the launch of Inkatha’s
own trade union body — were unionists Thabo
Mokoena, Mandla Ndela and Ian Zamisa. Since
the launch of UWUSA by Inkatha, however, at-
tacks on, and killings of, unionists have risen to
the extent that the Natal branch of COSATU has
called on its members to form defence units
against "state-sponsored Inkatha functionaries.”

Youth and UDF activists like Nunu Kheswa
and Toto Dweba have suffered the same brutal
fate as the murdered unionists. Toto Dweba’s
family had to hold a separate burial ceremony
when his hands were discovered in a canefield
two weeks after the main funeral. University and
school students, too, have been injured and
murdered by Inkatha — most notably at Ngoye
University, when nine students died in 1984, and
in KwaMashu in May this year, where several
students’ representative council members were
killed.

Civic leaders have also been attacked by In-
katha thugs. Umlazi Residents’ Association
chairperson, David Gasa, had his home petrol-
bombed twice, and he received a number of death
threats. Tobias Mgobhozi of KwaDengezi
Residents’ Association, and three young UDF
supporters, were killed in February of this year,
in attacks bearing all the hallmarks of Inkatha’s
impi style.

65

Armed Busloads Attack Mass Meetings

Not content with attacks on individuals, Inkatha
vigilantes have sent busloads of armed men to
attack mass meetings and, indeed, entire town-
ships. A notable case here is the massacre of 19
people at a memorial service for UDF lawyer,
Victoria Mxenge, after she had been gunned
down outside her home. In an orgy of violence
after disrupting the service, the Inkatha thugs at-
tacked the homes of UDF supporters with petrol
bombs, and shot at people trying to put the fires
out. Here is the story of student activist, Dube
Khabela, attacked by vigilantes:

“A petrol bomb was thrown into the large
bedroom where my mother, sister and sister’s
child were sleeping. The child was killed instant-
ly. I borrowed a car and drove my badly burned
mother and sister to the hospital. On the follow-
ing Saturday, I went to visit my mother but was
informed that she had died. On the following day,
Sunday, I went to inform my sister, Rosena, but
was informed that she, too, had died. My younger
brother, Aubrey, had been shot by a group of men
earlier that month.”

The collusion between vigilantes and the state
was clearly shown on June 29th. Then, at atime
when under the state of emergency all meetings
of the UDF were banned, the regime allowed
Buthelezi to hold a huge rally at Jabulani Stadium
in Soweto. The London Guardian of June 30th
reported the presence at the'stadium, not only of
South African police, but also of KwaZulu police
(though Soweto is hundreds of miles outside their
area of jurisdiction) and local Inkatha supporters:

“KwaZulu police with shotguns kept an eye on
the thousands of people who poured into the am-
phitheatre. Many of them were Zulu migrant
workers from hostels in Soweto ... staunch, even
fanatical supporters of Chief Buthelezi. They car-
ried sticks, spears, pangas and battleaxes. They
were not disarmed but were allowed to descend
into the pit of the arena, where they formed a
human barrier between Chief Buthelezi and the
crowds on the seats above.

"Inkatha flags were placed at intervals along the
top of the crescent-shaped amphitheatre.”

Townships that have opposed KwaZulu ban-
tustan rule, and Inkatha’s style of politics, have
come under attack on several occasions, such as
the Inkatha invasion of Lamontville in October
1985 which left three dead and 12 injured.
Inkatha-linked vigilantes have also been reported
from Chesterville, Hambanathi, Imbali (near
Pietermaritzburg) and Mdadeni (Newcastle). In
Chesterville, mothers have resorted to standing
vigil every night to guard their homes and
children against Inkatha’s impis.

The need to do this can be seen by the size of
Inkatha’s vigilante force. Inkatha central com-



In the face of such long-
standing lopsided development.
Garuba is justified to question the
rationale of staying together

‘Apparently. Garuba is not
against. coming together but
when it is done at the expense of
the other party. it definitely is not
worth the gamble.

However. this micro periphery~
metropolis relationship is not
restricted to the northern parts of
the country alone. eee

‘ODUA assets which are jointly
owned by the Yoruba-speaking
states are concentrated in Ibadan
tothe chagrin of Ondo that pro-
duced an enormous part of the
wealth. Today. Ibadan is seeping
with infrastructures while
.Abeokuta and Akure can hardly
boast of a good street let alone
drug store. *

Enugu.and Onitsha symbolised
the thermEastermregion which |
explains the malignant poverty of
Cross River and Rivers states.

While: some accusing fingers
could be pointed at the three
super tribes for this unjust
historical trend. it is worth
stressing that it is a- colonial
legacy sculpted out primarily to
serve the interest of the macro.
metropolis (London. Paris etc)

Frantz Fanon observes in The
Wretched of the Earth that the
colonial world is a compartmen-
talised world: the colonial
master lives in. the GRA with
posh structures while the native
yrapples with worms and flies in
the slums. Colonialism from the
word go, sanctions inequality and
it creates avenues tor’ tne
sustenance af this status quo.

One of the ways of grooming
and sustaining the privileged
class ‘who themselves are
lackeys’of the West) is through
the establishment of cities.

According to Norma Per
chonock, *...1he establishment ot
cities necessitates the existence

19274

cso:

3400/464

of a ruling class (usually urban-
based) which survives by ap-
Ppropriating the products of the
producing classes in- society,
whether rural or urban.”

The city which is synonymous
with the select class functions as
an exploiter in the capitalist
economy. In Africa. the city ac-
quires raw materials for Euro-
pean factories at very cheap rate
from rural dwellers on the one-*

- hand. while it sells finished pro-

ducts. from Europe at usurious,
prices to the people on the other.
This arrangement suits the
European capitalists for it saves.
costs. the fact that the city has
become unnecessarily cruel:
destructive and impersonal not-
withstanding. This explains wh
-all infrastructures are concentra:
ted in Kano, Enugu and Ibadan to
enhance the uninterrupted ex-«
ploitation. Many years after’
ingependence. ths imbalance has *
not_and_cannot_be corrected!

20

because the national growth
followed the pattern laid down by,
.the capitalist mode of production.

Driving along the main streets
of our cities one his the impres-
sion that a lot of progress has
been made. Betrayal! It is what
can be described as superimposed

-growth because it has failed to

modify pre-existing conditions.
and this has inhibited real
development.

What apprears to be industrial -
development and modernisation
of agriculture are facade of
development and unending ex-
hibition of dependency syn-
drome. ~ :

Capitalist arrangement has a
funny way of working against
itself. this is why Colonel

Garuba’s outburst is more
significant than many have
thought.

Colonel Garuba. however. will
be told that going it alone is not
the answer. Making Bauchi town
an eldorado like Kano, and
Kaduna is hardly the elixir
either. Dass. Gombe. Misau.
Azare. and other local govern-
ment areas in Bauchi State will
cry out in protest. They will also
want to be made eldorado.

So, while we share Colonel
Garuba’s concern for the ex-
ploited states we will, however.
opt for a national policy that
generalizes development. both in
rural and urban areas at the
same time.

It is hoped that when this is
done. rural-urban migration will
be minimised and crime rate in
Lagos, Kaduna and Renin City
will drop considerably, Aboveai}
these. every body will be happy.”



BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT RECRUITMENT FROZEN--The PNDC has imposed a freeze on the recruit-
ment of personnel within the public service. In a statement issued today by
the head of civil service who is also chairman of the public sector labor
rationalization committee, all heads of public organizations are reminded

of the prevailing freeze on the recruitment to the public services. The
areas particularly affected by the freeze are the civil service itself,
education service, fire service, prison service, health service, state
banking, financial institutions and all parastatals. [Excerpt] [Accra
Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 20 Aug 86 AB] /9738

cso: 3400/492



research and development
of component hardware in
the country. It is also
advocated that a body be
set up to look: into local
development of computer
hardware technology.

There is also the need
for development of
infrastructures. An
important adjoint to
computer development in
the country is efficient
communications.

In this connection, it is.
noteworthy that the Fede-.
ral Government is taking
steps to improve commu-
nications network both.

within and outside the.

country,

19274
csO: 3400/464

“Also “the services ‘of
NEPA need to be greatly
improved upon to. make-
them more reliable. For
the computer industry is a
high technology one and
arsbic power. supplies:
affect. the. industry

vadversely.

‘Again government
needs to map out certain
incentives like tax
incentives to attract
people into the computer
industry as well as and its
growth in Nigeria. In all,
the computer industry in.
Nigeria it is esseutial that -
the government evolved
appropriate policies to
enable the computer:
industry in Nigeria thrive.

25

‘Computer installations in Nigeria
Séurce i

Yor Ne of inate
lations :
1960-
1g7o_| 30 | U.N. Survey
1977 1-70 } Nigeria Computer users
: | Directory (NCUD)
1979 | a2 | National Policy Development
} Centre.
1983, _{ 414° TNeuD
1964 | 635° NCUD 5
1985. 915° Projection from NCUD data

‘These numbers.represent computer centre instal-
lations, Actual total computers in the country may :

be up to five times those numbers.



‘PROFESSOR ON ANC'S SACP CONNECTIONS--The African National Congress (ANC) has
become less concerned about its connections with the South African Communist
Party (SACP), Professor Mike Hough, director of the Institute for Strategic
Studies at Pretoria University, said in Johannesburg yesterday. He told the
annual conference of the Security Association of South Africa: "Where the
ANC tended to play down its SACP connections in the past, they are more open
about it today, Professor Hough said it was also significant that several SACP
members held key positions in the ANC. According to him it was doubtful that
“nationalist" elements in the ANC would be willing to abandon violence and
participate in negotiations, It should also be kept in mind that "national-
ists can of course be dedicated revolutionaries", Professor Hough said. "In
view of the extreme pre-conditions for negotiations set by the ANC, it is
however clear that basically it views negotiations as a consequence of an
‘armed struggle' and not really an alternative." [Text] [By Hannes de Wet]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Aug 86 p 3] 1/9274

DECLINE IN GROUP AREA ARRESTS—-Pretoria, 3 Sep (SAPA)--The Transvaal
attorney-general, Mr Don Brunette, today confirmed that there had been a
sharp decline in the number of Group Areas Act prosecutions over the past
few years. He was reacting to reports that the authorities had stopped
prosecutions as more blacks move into white suburbs. But legally he
would still be compelled to consider any case submitted to him by the
police--except that no such cases were being submitted. "I don't know
if this is due to the public not complaining anymore and whether there is
apathy about blacks moving into white areas," he said. Police are
expected to issue an official statement on the issue soon, but it could
not be established today when. The acting senior public prosecutor for
Pretoria, Mr A.H.P. Louw, also said there had been a "drastic" decline in
Group Areas Act prosecutions. “As a matter of fact, I cannot recall any
recent cases." He said there had been one about a year ago, but it had
mysteriously "fizzled out" before it reached the court. He was unaware
of any official instruction not to prosecute offenders, however. [Text]
(Johannesburg SAPA in English 1110 GMT 3 Sep 86] /9604

MOZAMBICANS ELECTROCUTED ON BORDER FENCE--Two Mozambicans have died after
touching the electrified fence in South Africa's eastern border. The men
were electrocuted when they tried to cross the fence between Komatipoort
and Kangwane. The first man was killed on the fence 3 weeks ago after

it was activated on 1 August this year. The second incident was a week
later. This information was given by the minister of defense, General
Magnus Malan, who also said the erection of the fence in the adjoining
patrol had cost R6.7 million. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English
0700 GMT 3 Sep 86] /9604

ASSOCOM CHIEF ON JOB CREATION--Cape Town, 8 Sep (SAPA)—South Africa's
population and job creation policies had to be coordinated, Mr Raymond
Parsons, chief executive of the Association of Chambers of Commerce
[ASSOCOM] of South Africa, said today. Addressing the President's Council's
committee for economic affairs on job creation, Mr Parsons said it was
alarming that there were deep causes operating which, if not modified,

would interfere with the country’s ability to maintain standard of living
and create jobs. It was essential, therefore, to recognize that the
population in South Africa was growing. This should be borne in mind

when formulating policies. "This is a sensitive subject...one which

94



SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE TOWN MEETING DRAWS 1000 FOR COMMEMORATION
MBO10506 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2202 GMT 31 Aug 86

[Text] Cape Town, 31 Aug (SAPA)--In the first major public gathering of
anti-apartheid organisations in Cape Town since the state of emergency
was declared, about 800 people today met to pay tribute to trade union
activist, Mr Elijah Loza, who died in hospital while in detention in 1977.

The memorial meeting heard speeches from, among others, Congress of South
African Trade Union's regional secretary, Mr Nic Henwood, United Democratic
Front Vice President Mr Joseph Marks, Cape Youth Congress Executive
members, Mr Lawrence Mohlala, United Women’s Congress executive member,

Mrs Hilda Ndute, Western Cape Hostel Dwellers Association publicity
secretary, Mr Johnson Mpukumpa, Mrs Zora Menlomakhulu of the Transport and
General Workers Union, and executive members of the Release Mandela
Committee and the Joint Students Representative Council.

After the service, the crowd swelled to over 1,000, and the singing,
chanting group marched to the Nyanga cemetery where the Rev Geoffrey
Silwanyana and Mr Loza's widow, Mrs Nombeka Loza, unveiled a tombstone
commemorating his death.

Two police casspirs monitored the service throughout, and were joined by
two buffels, which at one stage raced in front of the march as youths threw
clenched first salutes and shouted "Bulala Botha" (Kill Botha).

Mr Loza, who was western Cape Chairperson of the South African Congress
of Trade Workers Union, died on 2 August 1977 in hospital after going into
a coma while in detention.

A Bureau for Information spokeswoman last night quoted police as saying
no action was taken and no unrest incidents took place.

19604
cso: 3400/545

87



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

KESSELY'S WIFE REQUESTS PROTECTION-~Monrovia, 22 Aug (AFP)--Linne Kessely,
wife of jailed opposition leader Edward Kessely of the Unity Party, has
appealed to the Liberan authorities for security protection. Mrs Kessely
told a press conference Thursday that five soldiers and police went to her
house on Tuesday and entered it "illegally and demanded by whereabouts"
while she was absent. She asked the security authorities to ensure that
“our tax we spend on weapons and training should not be used to prosecute
women. Those who prosecute us today will be prosecuted in time to come,"
she said. [Text] [Paris AFP in English 0733 GMT 22 Aug 86 AB] /9738

RURAL RADIO NETWORK--Monrovia, 22 Aug (LINA/PANA)--Liberia's first rural
radio network, the Liberan Rural Communications Network (LRCN) was
inaugurated in Monrovia today by President Samuel Kanyon Doe. The U.S.$18.7
million project, jointly financed by the governments of Liberia and the U.S.
comprise a central programming unit in Monrovia, the three regional radio
stations located in the rural Liberian cities of Gbarnga, Voinjama, and
Zwedru. [Excerpt] [Dakar PANA in English 1647 GMT 22 Aug 86 AB] /9738

cso: 3400/492



DURBAN LAND INCORPORATION PROPOSALS--Residents of a new suburb outside
Durban are scared their property values will plummet if the governmet goes
ahead with plans to incorporate land there into KwaZulu. More from IRN's
[Independent Radio News] Carmel Rickard. [Richard] Three new sections of
Natal have been earmarked for consolidation into KwaZulu in terms of an
announcement made yesterday by the Commission for Cooperation and Development.
One proposal concerns thousands of hectares of farmland presently owned by
whites at Nseleni, north of Riahards Bay. The other two areas, both close
to Durban, are earmarked for what is described as high-quality black housing.
One is a 500-hectare area in the Inanda District, and the other one is a
500-hectare site in the Pinetown District. This Pinetown proposal has

met a whilly response from several quarters. The site is next to the plush
white residential area of Waterfall Crest (Home), and it is feared by some
that incorporation of land there would cause white property prices to drop
sharply. The commission will hear evidence in response to the new proposals
early in September. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 0500 GMT

29 Aug 86 MB] /9738

SADF TROOPS IN CLASSROOMS--Johannesburg, 28 Aug (SAPA)--The presence of
SADF troops in township classrooms throughout the country was playing a
major role in disrupting black education and fueling tension in the already
volatile black townships, the End Conscription Campaign (ECC) alleged today.
In a statement to SAPA, the ECC said the situation was of concer, not
only to the township residents, but also to some conscripts who faced the
prospect of being called up to enforce the Department of Education and
Training's regulations. According to information received by the ECC,
armed soldiers have been patrolling school grounds, inspecting class
registers and occasionally attempting to entice students into playing
soccer with them. "Without exception the presence of troops on school
premises is resented by the black students, parents and teachers. Black
students say the presence of the SADF increased tensions and makes it
virtually impossible to learn properly," the statement said. [ Text ]
(Johannesburg SAPA in English 2254 GMT 28 Aug 86 MB] /9738

DEVELOPMENTS PLANNED FOR ENNERDALE--Ennerdale, the fast-growing Indian
township south-west of Johannesburg is to get a multi-million-rand central
business district with an eventual business component of 100 000 sq m. And
with further servicing of land in the area, a further 3 600 home sites will

be created which will eventually increase the Ennerdale population from its
current 25 000 to 40 000 by next year. The first phase of downtown Ennerdale
will make provision for 40 000°sq m of leasable business space, with 15 000

sq m as an immediate target. The developments were announced at a Press
conference by Mr David Currie, Minister of Local Government, Housing and
Agriculture. Mr Currie said: "Due to the rapid growth of Ennerdale, a
consortium of consultants has been appointed to prepare a development plan

for a CBD. "As in the case of the provision of housing, the Department has
invited the private sector to participate in this exciting business component."
Handling the promotion of the Ennerdale CBD is property group, Herbert Penny,
which will receive development proposals from developers and institutions with
a deadline before the end of next month. To ensure that development takes
place according to the time schedule, the transfer of land offered will be
transferred to developers only once buildings are almost complete. [By Frank
Jeans] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Aug 86 p 13] /13046

93



announced earlier in August that Zimbabwe would
refuse landing and even overflying rights to lines
flying to South Africa. British Airways now has two
London flights to Harare, one of which goes on to
Johannesburg.

The success of the air ban is likely to depend on
whether other African states follow Zimbabwe’s
tough stand. At present there are two gaping African
holes in the ban. Cape Verde allows SAA to
refuel at Ilha do Sal, a stop-over for American and
European flights. Although Kenya refuses landing
rights for SAA, it is the main refuelling point for
other aircraft heading for South Africa. Seventeen
of these flights touch down in Nairobi every week,
including British Airways, Swissair and Lufthansa.
Action to tighten the air ban was raised at last
month’s summit of the Organisation of African
Unity (OAU), but Cape Verde and Kenya only made
vague promises to consider the issue.

Coal and iron

Next month EEC ministers are virtually certain to
introduce embargoes on the purchase of South Afri-
can coal, iron and steel. Similar action is possible
in the United States, after the Senate sanctions
vote. Japan would probably follow any concerted
European and American action. Japan has banned
certain trading links with South Africa since 1977
and has made sure that commercial contacts remain
limited. Losing all her South African trade would
not hurt Tokyo.

Coal is South Africa’s most important export after
gold. The EEC buys half of South Africa’s 45
million tonnes of exported coal, with Japan taking
a further 9 million tonnes. Mining magnates are now
trying to expand sales elsewhere, particularly to
Israel, Taiwan and South Korea. Only two weeks
ago an Israeli delegation headed by Ministry of
finance director Emmanuel Sharon visited South
Africa, with coal sales high on the agenda. Even
expanding Asian markets, however, will only be able
to absorb part of South Africa’s total exports.

The losers from an embargo will include Western
oil companies which have diversified by expanding
into coal mining in South Africa. Although they are
trying to keep their involvement as quiet as possible,
nearly 40% of South Africa’s coal is exported by
Shell (6m tonnes), BP (6m tonnes), Total (3m tonnes)
and Agip (2m tonnes).

International traders are looking at how to shift
South Africa’s coal, but sanctions-busting will be
difficult. Coal from different areas has distinctive
characteristics that would make it relatively simple

98

to identify South African supplies. One tactic under
debate is to blend South African coal with other
shipments, but this might prove too expensive.

A ban on iron ore imports also seems relatively
easy to enforce, although South Africa earns much
less from this commodity than it does from coal and
it is less dependent on the EEC market. The EEC
accounts for three million tonnes of South Africa’s
11 million tonnes of exports. The South African
state iron and steel corporation Jscor is also now
looking towards its growing Asian markets.

Finished steel will pose less of a problem to the
South African government because it can be fairly
easily relabelled to disguise its origin. /scor claims
already to sell to over 80 countries, and these must
include many Third World nations which officially
embargo South Africa. Iscor general manager Nols
Oliver said recently that its market was expanding
in Eastern Europe, particularly Hungary.

Links with Israel could prove particularly useful.
Iscor has gone into partnership with Koor, a corpor-
ation owned by the Israeli Histadrut labour federa-
tion. Operating under the name /skoor, the company
uses South African raw materials. to manufacture
steel products which can be labelled ‘made in Israel’.

Middlemen

“You will always find men in the middle who don’t
give a damn about politics,’ says Sally Gallagher, a
representative of the Johannesburg consultancy firm
Business Development Africa. How sanctions can be
broken obviously depends on the commodity, but
the basic technique is to use an intermediary, such
as a trader, to stand between the buyer and seller.
The trader can then disguise the business, at least
on paper, by transhipment (with Botswana, Swazi-
land and Mozambique as possible local points in
Southern Africa), simply relabelling the goods, or
even producing false documentation.

The ease with which sanctions can be broken
depends crucially on how serious the rest of the world
is about isolating South Africa. Bilateral action by
individual countries or groups can have an impact,
but only decisions by the UN Security Council and
mandatory action will really apply pressure. If
Britain and the US continue to veto mandatory
measures, there is a danger that new sanctions which
are introduced will degenerate into token steps which
will merely bolster the confidence of the South
African regime - and increase the profits of the
middlemen.

Even mandatory action will not instantly cut off
Pretoria’s economic links. But although the South



"The only way to compel Mr Botha's government to react is from pressure from
inside South Africa--from a new, educated middle-class.

“The West can help accelerate that growth with what amounts to a kind of
Marshall aid programme, It would cost millions a year.

"But it would be a hell of a lot cheaper than a sanctions war,"
Sir Leslie said the scheme might be labelled “blood money" by some on the
grounds that millions were being pumped into the education of South African

blacks to clear people's consciences for their "sins" of the past.

But he declared: "We want the active assistance and involvement of the
blacks and their leaders, We see this as the only way out of the misery."

19274
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61



|

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY VIEWS CUBAN ROLE IN ANGOLA
MBO50801 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 5 Sep 86
[Station commentary: "The Cubans and Angola"]

[Text] Of all the ludicrous statements to emanate from the conference of
the Nonaligned Movement in Harare, President Fidel Castro's assertion that
Cuban soldiers will not be needed in Angola once apartheid in South Africa

is abolished tops them all. He told the conference that once apartheid

came to an end then no country will feel threatened, Namibia will immediately
be independent, not a single Cuban soldier will be needed, and the immediate
withdrawal of the Cuban troops in Angola may begin.

No doubt UNITA leader Dr Jonas Savimbi would be delighted with this summary
of the situation. It would mean that he would become the head of government
in Angola because the only thing stopping him from occupying that position
is the massive Cuban force propping up the MPLA government.

Dr Castro needs reminding that the three parties in Angola, the FNLA, the
MPLA, and UNITA, had signed an accord with the Portuguese in January 1975
which provided for multiparty elections to be held after independence. The
organisation of African Unity send a fact finding commission to Angola which
later reported that of the three parties UNITA enjoyed the most support.
However, elections were never held, the Marxist aligned MPLA seized power
for itself, and Cuban troops were rushed in by the Soviet Union to prop up
the MPLA against UNITA and the FNLA.

Today, 11 years later, Angola is wracked by civil war, the economy is in ruins
and its people are deprived and starving. The world slump in the price of
oil, Angola's main source of foreign exchange, has made things even worse.
Over the years UNITA has gained in military strength and popular support and
is said to be in control of much of the country.

To blame Angola's internal situation on apartheid in South Africa is
patently ridiculous.

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67



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ELECTIONS UNDERWAY--The series of elections in Mozambique, which are due to
come to an end on 15 November with polling for the members of the national as-
sembly, commenced on 15 August with voting for local representatives in rural
areas. Elections in the districts, the provinces and the principal cities will
follow, These general elections, which had been postponed several times, are
the second since independence in 1975, the previous ones having taken place in
1977, Candidates must be approved by the ruling Frelimo party but can be re-
jected by voters, as happened in 1977 for 2,000 out of 22,000 elected to local
assemblies. Voting at local level is by show of hands. {Text] [Paris THE
INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 23 Aug 86 p 6] 19274

cso: 3400/551

12



arouses some of the deepest instincts and emotions of man in our part of
the world, as elsewhere. We cannot shy away from the economic realities
which it embodies. The job creation strategy and a population policy
must be brought closer together "since ultimately their successful impact
is interdependent," Mr Parsons said. "It will require that a job creation
population policy must be coordinated in South Africa. This will require
the cooperation and support of all community leaders in South Africa,
including the private sector," Mr Parsons said. [Text] [Johannesburg
SAPA in English 1008 GMT 8 Sep 86] /9604

NRP TO CONTINUE ACTIVITIES--The New Republic Party [NRP] has decided to
continue its activities as a party. The leader of the party, Mr Bill Sutton,
said in Cape Town this morning the NRP still had an important role to play

in uniting moderates in South Africa. Mr Sutton said the NRP's role in the
Natal Indaba was proof of this. The party's federal executive council decided
on its continuing in existence in spite of losing two by-elections this week
in the Claremont and Pinelands constituencies in the Ape. The decision is
made last night after 5 hours of deliberations. [Text] [Johannesburg
Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 6 Sep 86] /8309

cso: 3400/540

95



19274
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3400/464

»-But In the exercise of his legitimate ‘ights,
the ndw-deposed emir felt the Gongola State
government was unfair to him and went to
court. And the Kano Federal High Court.
issued an injunction restraining the govern-
ment of Gongola State from taking any ac-
tion on Alhaji Abba pending the determina-
tion of his suit against the decision of the
state government.

Unfortunately, Governor Madaki seeming-
ly driven by military haste appeers to say that
the court Is too slow for the action he wants
to see-administered on the “erring” emir.

Earlier, he allegedly detained the emir for
five days. A few days later, Gove Madaki
dissolved the Muri Emirate Council of which
Alhaji Umaru Abba Tukur was chairman.
At the beginning, the emir was even depriv-
ed of his traditional bodyguards and other of-
fice paraphernalia in “error”. These were
later restored.

As a result of these developments, Alhaji
Umaru filed a fresh appeal for contempt
against the government. A case whose hear-
ing has been fixed for October 22.

It Is.not that the Sunday Triumph wishes to
disbeileve the governor on reasons he has ad-
vanced as having informed his decision to
fire the emir. It Is also beyond doubt that
Governor Madaki was merely conciuding a
disciplinary process begun nearly twenty
years ago by the first milltary governor of
Northern Nigeria, Lt.-Coionel (as he was then
addressed) Hassan Usman Katsina, carried
further by former Head of State Major-
General Muhammadu Buharl (rtd), who gave
Abbe Tukur a finai warning In 1976 when he
was the North-Eastern State Governor.

Indeed, from the facts made available, the
emir may be rightly considered a poor copy
of what a traditional ruler should be. Alleged-
ly, Alhaji Abba Tukur engaged his people in
the repugnant practice of forced labour, he
was a tax evader and worse still, misap-
Propriated public property put under his
trust. These are crimes that could unmake
any leader.

We, however, are not quite able to accept
these as the bases for the hasty removal of
Alhaji Abba Tukur, considering the aforesaid
fegal land tussie.

Thus, it is our considered opinion that even
if the emir was guilty of all the atrocities span-
ning the last 20 years, the governor should
have stayed action until the case in court was
determined.

17



ZIMBABWE

GIFTS FROM NORWAY, SWEDEN TO AID SERVICES, WATER SUPPLY

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Aug 86 p 4

{Text]

ZIMBABWE received 40 Scania
trucks worth $2,5 million from
Sweden plus another four cater-
pillar front-end loaders from
Norway worth about $600 000 at
two different ceremonies in Ha-
rare yesterday.

The trucks and the caterpillars
will be used by the District De-
velopment Fund, 2 development

arm of the Ministry of Local .

Government, Rural ‘and Urban
Development. The deputy minis-
ter, Senator George Chinengundu,
received the gifts on behalf of the
minister, Cde Enos. Chikowore,
from the embassies of the two
countries.

Cde Chinengundu received the
four caterpillar front-end loaders
from the acting charge d'affaires
of the Norwegian embassy, Mrs
Inger Henriksen, at a ceremony
held at Zimbabwe Earth Moving
Machinery Company who are the
caterpillar dealers.

Cde Chinengundu thanked the

19274

cso: 3400/556

Norwe government for the

gian
loaders which he said would im- -

prove DDF"s operations in provid-
ing dams to the rural people. He
said bringing clean-water supplies
to rural folk improved their health
and also reduced long hours spent
on fetching unclean and unsafe
water.

‘Mrs Henriksen saig Norwegian
development co-operation with Zi-
mbabwe had focused on_ rural
water supply and the DDF was
viewed ag an important partner
in water development.

She said the machinery would
also enable the ministry, through
DDF, to achieve its goals in the
five-year development plan.

At a ceremony at Willowvale
where Cde Chinengundu also re-
ceived 28 Scania trucks of the
40 trucks from the Swedish In-
ternational Development Authority
he said the gift would enable the
organisation to’ provide services
at growth points and service
centres in the communal areas.

46

He saiq the trucks would be
available for use as from next
week throughout the country,
moving grain to the Grain Market-
ing Board depots for the com-
munal people for as little as 2c a
Kdlometre, per bag.

“Those who wish to avail
themselves of this assistance

. should approach the nearest Dis-

trict Administrator for details”

‘The trucks would also move
drought relief food. The Secre-
tary for the Ministry of Local
Government, Dr Mariyawanda
Nauwah, said already there were
about 10000 tonnes of grain
waiting to be moved by the trucks °
in Bulawayo and Beitbridze.

‘The acting ambassador of
Sweden, Mr Torsten Johansson,
said his country had always sup-
ported Zimbabwe since the libe-
ration war. It was providing the
trucks to improve the transport
fleet as there were bound to be
new routes in use, in view of
imminent sanctions.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

1
COST OF APARTHEID--Apartheid cost SA more than R56bn in lost income last year
and about 12c in every rand spent by the State went towards maintaining
segregation, Professor Michael Savage said in Cape Town last night. Savage
said in his inaugural lecture at Cape Town University that those figures were
based on "extremely" conservative estimates and they indicated that between
10% and 21% of the annual budget was devoted to financing the machinery of
apartheid. He said the political system had given birth to three Houses of
Parliament and the President's Council, with 1 720 members. It had also
resulted in 121 ministers of government and at least 21 deputy ministers--and
had spawned 151 government departments. Savage said between 1980 and 1986,
the cost of Parliament, including the tricameral system and the President's
Council, had risen by 140%. He said: "While no State can function without
legislative bodies, their proliferation, founded on apartheid doctrines,
exacts massive economic and political expenses." A low estimate of the
direct annual cost of apartheid amounted to R2,8bn, a medium estimate to

R3,9 bn and a high estimate to R5,7bn. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY

in English 28 Aug 86 p 3] /13046

TUCSA LOSING AFFILIATES--A wave of disaffiliations has left the Trade Union
Council of SA (Tucsa) in serious difficulties. Those who have left feel the
body is out of touch with worker needs. Tucsa's membership, which stood at
500 000 in 1983, has been whittled away to under 240 000. It has lost six
affiliates since May, including the 20 ‘000-strong National Union of Garment
Workers (NUGW). NUGW administrator Atholl Margolis said the union had
recently clashed with Tucsa over its passive stance on Labour Day and June 16.
Tucsa's failure to meet worker needs had affected the NUGW as far back as
1982, when the union's resolution calling for the release of detainees and
protesting at the death of unionist Neil Aggett had been defeated by the body.
Tucsa president Robbie Botha said the disaffiliations were unfortunate, par-
ticularly when labour unity was greatly needed. Tucsa planned to make certain
decisions at a special national executive committee meeting on September 11.
Unions which have recently disaffiliated from Tucsa include the National Union
of Leather Workers, the Johannesburg Municipal Combined Employees Union, the
Textile Workers' Industrial Union, the Tramway and Omnibus Workers' Union and
the Durban Integrated Municipal Employees Society. Tucsa has not only
experienced a substantial drop in revenue, but has little immediate hope of
finding a general secretary to replace veteran unionist Arthur Grobbelaar, who
died in 1984. Botha said despite the lack of a general secretary, Tucsa had

91



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

CROSS RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY--The Cross River State government has declared its
intention to take over the activities of the Cross River Basin and Rural De-
velopment Authority to bring the services of the authority readily to farmers.
Gov Archibong said in Ikom, while visiting a farm complex belonging to New

Tec Agricultural Holdings (Nig) Ltd that he condemned the attitude of the basin
authority in rendering services to the farmers, thereby sabotaging government's
efforts to boost food production. Col Archibong said that as the nation's oil
earnings was fast depleting, emphasis had shifted to agriculture as a potential
revenue earner, adding that a meeting of all state and federal agricultural
agencies would soon be convened to work out modalities for increased food
production, The governor said that he had given a directive that an inventory
of agricultural equipment in the state be taken while bad ones be repaired
because, with dwindling resources, it might not be possible to import new
equipment. However, the General Manager of the basin authority, Mr Okokon
Etuk, told the News Agency of Nigerian (NAN) that the basin was not supposed

to run extension services for farmers in the state, adding that that was a re-
sponsibility of the state Ministry of Agriculture. Mr Etuk said that the
authority assisted farmers attached to its projects, but recalled that the
authority had on many occasions gone out of its way to assist many farmers.
[Text] [Enugu DAILY STAR in English 16 Aug 86 p 4] /9274

KAINJI POWER STATION-—-The proposed Damming of the River Niger by Niger Republic
will not affect Nigeria's Kainji Hydro-electric Power Station, the Director of
the station's power generation, Mr George Oragunye, said in New Bussa, Kwara
State, Mr Oragunye told newsmen on tour of selected NEPA installations that
the station could only be affected by diversion of water from the river of ir-
rigation. He said that if Niger Republic carried out the damming for its power
generation, it would still discharge the water used into the river because the
water would be required by the Kainji station. The director explained that the
volume of water might be required by Niger Republic would depend on the capacity
of its proposed power station, Mr Oragunye said however, that no country could
dam the River Niger without the agreement of the River Niger Commission which
comprises countries the river passes through. He said that although the

Jainji Lake's reservoir had a capacity of 18 billion cubic meters, the current
level of about 12 billion cubic metres was sufficient for the power station's
needs, Mr Oragunye denied a news report of a crack in the concrete section of
the dam adding that a dam is usually inspected every five years by an external
body for the purpose of insurance. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English

29 Aug 86 p 9] /9274

29



OIC MEMBERSHIP RAISED RELIGION TO NATIONAL ISSUE

Lagos THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN in English 28 Aug 86 pp 16, 17

{Article by Godwin Agbroko]

[Text]

F historians were to chronicle the first

365 days of President Babangida,
they would most likely assign it two dis-
tinct periods — the pre-and the post-
OIC eras.

The first era witnessed attempts at
openness and candour in government so
much so that an arcane subject like the
acceptance or rejection of a proposed
IMF loan was opened to public debate.
Cynics who thought the government
was merely making pretensions to con-
sultations over a loan it had made up its
mind to accept were proved wrong in
December, 1985 amidst populist
acclamation.

But weeks later. and barely five
months into the life of the fledgling
administration, the tide changed. Nige-
rians were to learn via a foreign news
medium. that the country had been
admitted, this time without a public de-
bate, into the Organisation of Islamic
Conference (OIC). Not even a high-
ranking government official like the |
Chief of General Staff, Commodore ;
Ebitu Ukiwe, the Number Two Citizen.
was aware of Nigeria’s membership.
When the public asked questions. the
government replied with a deafening si-
lence.

The second era. which marked the
distinct turning point in the Babangida
administration had begun with the sur- ;
reptitious admission of Nigeria into the §
OlC at a conference in Fez. Morocco, in
January.

Faced with acidic criticisms, Presi-
dent Babangida defiantly told a delega-
tion of Catholi¢ Bishops shortly after |
Nigeria's membership of the Islamic |
organisation that. while recognising the '

secularity of the country, Nigeria will
not shy away from flying its flag at all
international fora that will benefit her.

However, by February 13, an embat-
tled Babangida had to inaugurate the
Shagaya Committee to examine the im-
plications of Nigeria’s full membership
of the OIC. Barely two days after the
Committee submitted its report to
Commodore Ukiwe, the tenuous toler-
ance that had existed between mosiems
and christians broke down in Kwara
State.

On March 23, a clash occurred be-
tween christians who were celebrating
Palm Sunday and moslems in the Ila
Ogunbo area of Ilorin. The casualties:
eight persons, including an Assistant
Superintendent of Police. received in-
juries. Four cars and the building and
property of St. Paul's Anglican Church
at Baboko were vandalised.

Even in the heat of the religious clash,
the Ilorin Moslem Elites Organisation
stated that the moslems in Ilorin had to

! attack the christians because the Ila

Ogunbo route through which the Palm
Sunday procession passed was a pre-
dominantly moslem area. “Christians
were the aggressors who came to
humiliate moslems in their territory,”
the statement said.

In reply, the Kwara State branch of
the Christian Association of Nigeria
(CAN) alerted the President that the
violence which marred the Palm Sunday
celebration in Ilorin was an indication of
what Nigeria stands to gain from the

; OIC.

While still awaiting government's de-
cision on the Shagaya Report. the na-
tion was again jolted on May 5 by the
news that unidentified persons had

13

NIGERIA



{Landman] The NECC [National Education Crisis Committee], for example,
and also other organizations, insist on this type of alternative education.
Are you aware of its existence in some of the schools already; and how is
the department going to handle it if pressured in this regard?

[Viljoen] The department's point of view is very clear. If the so-called
people's education, as perpetuated by its supporters, becomes a revolu-
tionary type of education or a political brainwashing and political
indoctrination, it will not be acceptable, because, in reality, that is
not an education. Where it exists in schools the department has taken
tough measures to put an end to it. That there will be more cases I do
not want to deny. When we get information about those cases, we take
steps against them. But, on the other hand, as I have repeatedly stated,
if people's education has positive intentions--for example, directed toward
more relevant content, in keeping with the needs, objectives, values, and
wishes of a particular society--then we are willing to negotiate to make
curriculums more relevant to society. If people's education means that
the people, the community, should be more involved in the education, then
we agree entirely with that. Besides it has always been the policy of the
department to have democratically-elected parent committees and parent
management councils at the primary and secondary schools. We also started
with new liaison committees last year, in which not only the parents but
also the community, the teachers and even the pupils, by their elected
student representative council members, would be represented.

[Landman] Are you going to negotiate with these people now to put an end
to the impasse before December?

[Viljoen] If the communities where the schools have been closed come
forward with a readiness to support a program of orderly resumption of
education and take coresponsibility, then we will seriously consider it.
Mr Colleague, Deputy Minister Sam e Beer, held talks on Monday with church
and community representatives from Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage, where

we were asked not to close their schools. They finally agreed that it is
senseless to continue education at schools where pupils have not registered
or returned and have agreed with the department on measures to be taken

to continue education at schools where there was registration but where
serious disruption took place.

[Landman] Dr Viljoen, will there be a problem if you simply keep the schools
open so that education could continue?

[Viljoen] I think a very serious. problem, which could emerge and which
already exists, is that the school is not in a position to attain its high
standard because of the disruption of its normal education process. We
will not allow the standard of black education to be suspect, especially
in the light of accusations made that black education is inferior or that
it would become gutter education. Therefore, standards must be maintained
in the whole process.

[Landman] I thank you for your time tonight. Good night.
{Viljoen] You are welcome.

19604
cso: 3400/544 57



Cape Town Meeting Draws 1000 for Commemoration
(SAPA, 31 Aug 86).-ceeeeeeerercerecerersrereces

New Book on Importance of Upcoming Black Manager Class
(Mike Peirson; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Aug 86)..-+eeeseceseree

Planned Mixed Schools Seen as Hope for Future
(POST NATAL, 3-6 Sep 86).

Accountancy Crisis at Universities Revealed
(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 27 Aug |?) eee

Briefs
Cost of Apartheid
TUCSA Losing Affiliates
Operation Hunger Helps Destitute
Black Boycotts Seen as Plea
Warning About AWB
Durban Land Incorporation Proposals
SADF Troops in Classrooms
Developments Planned for Ennerdale
Professor on ANC's SACP Connections
Decline in Group Area Arrests
Mozambicans Electrocuted on Border Fence
Assocom Chief on Job Creation
NRP To Continue Activities

ECONOMIC

Country's Sanctions-Evading Capabilities Described in Detail
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 20 Aug 86) we eeerereree

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Government Suppliers of Technology Named
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 27 Aug |.) eee

New Satellite Prospecting Method Discussed
(Michael Chester; THE STAR, 26 Aug 1) eee

State Intervention in Electronics Defended
(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 28 Aug 86)....+

Electronics Industry Fastest Growing Sector
(Marilyn Cohen; THE CITIZEN, 28 Aug ) eos

/12223

87

88

89

96

100

101

103

104



PLANNED MIXED SCHOOLS SEEN AS HOPE FOR FUTURE

Durban POST NATAL in English 3-6 Sep 86 p 8

[Commentary ]

[Text]

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THERE is an‘ urgent need in this country to
bring together people who have been po-:
larised through statutory racial barriers and
one way of doing this is through contact at.
grassroots level. |

The New Era Schools’ Trust (Nest) has
taken the initiative in this regard and has
forged ahead with the planning of mixed
schools, one of which is nearing completion at:
Tongaat on the North Coast. .

The school, Uthongathi, will cater for chil-
dren of all race groups and from every stratum
of society when it opens in January next year.

Our education system has already suffered
the tragedies of enforced separation, and the
Nest philosophy therefore comes to us like a
breath of fresh air. By growing together in
such an environment, the children will experi-
ence the benefits of contact across racial and
social barriers which will obviously lead to mu-
tual respect and a better understanding of the
others’ point of view. This is in stark contrast
to the strained relations now being experi-
enced because children are kept apart from
infancy.

At Uthongathi, we see a microcosm ofa
future South African society, and Nest de-
serves praise for their genuine efforts in build-
ing a South Africa free from discrimination.

89

SOUTH AFRICA



"In considering economic pressure, we recognize that it can be morally
justifiable means of bringing about the elimination of injustice.

"In deciding a particular case whether such pressure is justified or not,
one needs to balance the degree of injustice and pressing necessity to
eliminate it against the hardship such pressure may cause," the conference
found.

The bishops said disinvestment embargoes on trade and boycotts were the
right forms of economic pressure.

The Anglican Church leader, Bishop Bernard Mkhabela also said he was for
sanctions to bring about change in the republic.

"I support Bishop Ndlovu because what we want is change in the republic
without bloodshed and sanctions will bring no bloodshed. That is why they
are welcomed," Bishop Mkhabela said.

/9738
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34



SOUTH AFRICA

COUNTRY'S SANCTIONS-EVADING CAPABILITIES DESCRIBED IN DETAIL

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 20 Aug 86 pp 4-7

[Text]

Following recent moves by 48 member-states of the
Commonwealth and the adoption of new measures
by the United States (US) Senate, the movement
towards wide-ranging international sanctions against
South Africa looks unstoppable. That is how most
observers see matters. It also appears to be the view
of the South African authorities and businessmen,
to judge from their efforts to evade the sanctions
which are eventually imposed.

Sanctions-busters are now moving into top gear
to prepare themselves for the measures which are
expected to be decided in September by the European
Economic Community (EEC) and perhaps by the
USA as well. In the opinion of Pat Corbyn, head
of the Johannesburg Chamber of Commerce, ‘Inter-
national traders are waiting for our cargoes. They
have been queuing up to offer their services in the
past few weeks.’ Corbyn is an expert on sanctions
evasion, having organized the flow of clandestine
trade through South Africa for the government of
lan Smith during Rhodesia’s period of unilateral
independence. Corbyn is now advising the South
African government on how the forthcoming inter-
national sanctions may be countered. He declines to
say exactly what administrative machinery has been
established, but says only that ‘there are coordinated
efforts between government and business.’ At the
centre of these links is the Secretariat for unconven-
tional trade which was recently set up by the Ministry
for trade and industry.

The workings of the Secretariat for Unconven-
tional Trade are a well-kept secret. But one of the
people who may be heading the new department is
Fred Bell, until recently the general manager of
Armscor, the state armaments corporation. He too
has a long history of involvement in evading

96

sanctions. His experience derives from the inter-
national arms embargo, the only sanction that has
been declared mandatory by the United Nations’
Security Council (UN). Beil is a determined operator
who two years ago publicly warned that South Africa
would have to ‘fight dirty’ to avoid the weapons
ban.

Businessmen are now faced with a bewildering
array of possible or likely sanctions. Many Third
World countries have banned all economic links with
South Africa for years, but Western governments
are now introducing their own measures, either uni-
laterally or as part of international groups like the
Commonwealth and the EEC.

To look at how the sanctions-busters operate, we
have investigated three specific items which may
soon be the subject of wide-ranging international
measures. These are the oil embargo, new airline
restrictions, and a ban on the import of South
African coal, iron and steel. Sanctions legislators
will need to consider loopholes carefully if they are
to make their measures effective.

Oil

All significant oil exporting countries have embar-
goed South Africa, yet supplies continue to flow.
Oil deliveries to South Africa are naturally shrouded
in tight security. Little information leaks out, and
the best source of data comes from the Amsterdam-
based Shipping Research Bureau. Its next report, to
be published in October, will indicate that over two-
thirds of South Africa’s oil comes from Arabian
Gulf countries which officially embargo Pretoria.

Our own inquiries in the spot market indicate that
Saudi Arabia is the most important source, followed
by Iran, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. These



ZAIRE

EDITORIAL VIEWS NATION'S RETURN TO OAU AS 'SIGNIFICANT'
Kinshasa ELIMA in French 28 Jul 86 pp 1, 13
(Editorial: "Significant Return"]

[Text] Zaire will play an active part in the work of the 22d summit meeting
of OAU chiefs of state and heads of government. The delegation headed by the
first state commissioner left Kinshasa yesterday for Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.

This means that after suspending its participation in the OAU 2 years ago
following the admission of the would-be SDAR, Zaire is again taking its place
within the continental organization so as to play its.role in the concert of
independent African countries. Its return, the result of a sovereign decision
by the Central Committee of the Popular Movement for the Revolution, is highly
significant in that Zaire intends to play that role with dignity and with
respect for the order and texts governing the OAU. Although eager to
contribute to cohesion within the OAU with a view to making a resolute attack
on the serious economic problems that are slowing Africa's development, Zaire
could not tolerate the violation of the charter that had been accepted by all
the member countries in the name of certain foreign ideologies.

From every point of view, therefore, this return to the OAU can only result in
a further strengthening of cooperation among the peoples of Africa, who are
confronted with economic difficulties calling for a greater harmonization of
relations within the OAU so as to combat the demon of discord effectively.
Because, as the state commissioner for foreign affairs has emphasized so well,
the continent is currently experiencing "a crucial period in its existence":
it is being exposed to the greatest economic crisis in its history and is
combating the last bastions of colonialism and capitalism. \

In any case, Zaire’s presence in Addis Ababa is none other than the expression
of its African calling and of its will and determination to work for the
victory of the OAU's ideals in a spirit of straightforward cooperation and in
a climate of unity and fraternal solidarity.

11798
CSO: 3419/299

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