28607(3

JPRS 84109

12 August 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2831

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JPR3 84109

12 August 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2831

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Cuban Possible Withdrawal, Namibian Problem Viewed

(Editorial; DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 19 Jun 83) ... . 1

Cubans Eeportedly May Leave Country This Year

(0 JORNAL, 17-23 Jun 83) 3

Youth Delegation Head Visiting Cuba

(Dulce Ma. Hernandez; JUVENTUD REBELDE, 17 Jun 83)...... 7

Briefs

GDR Donation to Medical School 10

Cooperation With Egypt ~ 10

Cambambe Dam 10

Cooperation With Portugal 10

'Angola Days* in USSR 11

New Cuban Ambassador 11

GDR Chemical Industry Cooperation 11

USSR Cooperation in Fishing Industry 11

Bulgarian Delegation Visits 11

Delegation to Meeting in Prague 12

Cabinda Exports Gas to Brazil 12

Coffee Export Sector Reorganized 12

National Bank Under Central Government 13

Cooperation With Ghana 13

Portuguese Cooperation in Tourism 13

Railroad Connections Broken 14

DJIBOUTI

Interview With Director of Djibouti-Ethiopian Railroad

(LA NATION DE DJIBOUTI, 30 Jun 83) 15

-a - [III - NE & A - 120]
GABON

Spain Surveying Nation's Fish Resources

(Obame Emane; L'UNION, 8 Jul 83) 17

Japanese Make New Donation of Agricultural Equipment

(Obame Emane; L'UNION, 5 Jul 83) 19

President Opens Thermal Power Plant in Ogooue-Maritime

(Olio-Mombey; L'UNION, 4 Jul 83) 21

Briefs

Bread Price Increase 23

MOZAMBIQUE

Cooperation With Portugal Seen as Move Away From USSR

(0 JORNAL, 15 Jul 83) 24

Portugal Gives a 'Push'

Prakash Ratilal on Cooperation With Portugal, by

Pedro Vieira

Johannesburg Commentary Cites RNM Leader

(Johannesburg International Service, 28 Jul 83) 28

Biographical Information on Aquino de Braganca Provided

(Caceres Monteiro; 0 JORNAL, 15 Jul 83).. 30

Cooperation With Portugal in Different Fields Described

(EXPRESSO, 2 Jul 83) 33

Coastal Studies by Bulgarian Zoological Expedition

(NOTICIAS, 30 Jun 83) 37

Students Describe Experience in Cuba

(NOTICIAS, 30 Jun 83) 39

Briefs

Botswana Cooperation in Transport Communication 41

Bulgaria Food, Medicine Donation 41

Dutch Equipment 42

U.S. Drought Aid 42

Nationals, Foreigners Detained 42

Italians Sign Health Agreement 43

SENEGAL

IDA Credit Approved for Senegal

(LE SOLEIL, 9-10 Jul 83) 44

- b
Results of Joint Canadian^Senegalese Commission Meeting

(LE SOLEIL, 30 Jun 83)...... ... 45

AND-JEF-MRDN Disassociates Itself From Opposition

Resolution

(TAKUSAAN, 28 Jun 83) : 46

SOUTH AFRICA

United States Policy in Central America Discussed

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 29 Jul 83) 48

Buthelezi Seen as Factor in Power Equation

(SVENSKA DAGBLADET, 9 Jul 83) '50

Johannesburg on Local Authorities Act

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 1 Aug 83) 53

Azanian Students Warn Det of School Boycott

(Mono Badela; SOWETAN, 18 Jul 83) 55

Ciseki President's Feud With Brother Examined

(Editorial; SOWETAN, 18 Jul 83) 56

Plans To Establish RSA Unity Group Announced

(Umtata Capital Radio, 1 Aug 83) 58

Homelands Conducive to Racial Harmony

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 1 Aug 83) 59

Briefs

Orlando East Shacks 60

Transvaal UDF Meeting 60

Fare Increases Hit 60

People Move From Krugersdorp 61

Crossroads Pass Raids 61

Israeli Aircraft Scientist 61

SWAZILAND

Briefs

Taiwan Corn Supplies 62

ZAMBIA

Editor Returns From DPRK

(DAILY MAIL, 12 Jul 83) 63

NCSR, UNZA Asked To Help Firms Use Local Raw Materials

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 12 Jul 83) 64

- c -
Zimco Official: Road to Economic Recovery Now Clear

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 14 Jul 83) 66

Kankasa: No Need for Women's Liberation in Nation

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 13 Jul 83) 67

Serious Water Shortage May Cause Rationing in Kitwe

District

(DAILY MAIL, 13 Jul 83) 68

FAO Approves Seed Donation to Drought-Stricken Western

Province

(DAILY MAIL, 13 Jul 83) . .. 69

ZNUT Provincial Secretary Notes Teachers' Grievances

(DAILY MAIL, 14 Jul 83) 71

AFE Orders West German, Indian, Brazilian Farm Equipment

(DAILY MAIL, 14 Jul 83) 72

Briefs

Illiteracy Reduction Fails 74

Tazara Extension 'Not Viable' 74

Zimbabwe-Zambia Passenger Train 74

ZIMBABWE

Finance Minister Presents Budget in Parliament

(Bernard Chidzero; Harare Domestic Service, 28 Jul 83)... 75

Harare Comments on Latest National Budget

(Harare Domestic Service, 27 Jul 83) 84

Briefs

No Workers Pay Increase 86

Urban Council Rotational Elections 86

Journalists Delegation 86

UK, European Media Scored 87

BBC News Team to Leave 87
ANGOLA

CUBAN POSSIBLE WITHDRAWAL, NAMIBIAN PROBLEM VIEWED

Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Jun 83 p 2

[Editorial]

[Text] The presence of Cuban troops in Angola, estimated at between 25 and

30,000 men, has become the crux of the solution to the' problem of Namibia, and

to some degree, of that region of Southern Africa. Firstly, because of the

conditions Pretoria and Washington place on the independence of the region

occupied by the South Africans; namely, the withdrawal of Castro's troops.

Secondly, because a decision of this nature could eventually lead to peace in

Angola, it must have the "approval" of Havana and Moscow.

It is interesting to note that Namibia, in addition to being a country fighting

for its independence, is a field where another play is being carried out in

the complicated East-West game. This explains, how in 1976, when the game

seemed lost for the Westerners, a "contact group" was formed to propose a

solution to the Namibian question, which was accepted by South Africa. (The

contact group was made up of the United States, France, England, West Germany

and Canada, then members of the UN Security Council). It was later, at the

outskirts of this group, that Pretoria and Washington adopted the policy of

linkage, i.e. linking the independence of Namibia to the withdrawal of Cuban

troops from Angola.

The government of Luanda, supported by the Front Line countries (Zambia,

Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Bostwana and Mozambique) stubbornly rejects this solution.

Apparently, the aim of both sides seems to be either to gain or waste time.

Reality however is different. Angola is forced to pay the expenses of the

Cuban troops; it owes the Soviet Union close to $100 million. It has also

absorbed 3 years of advanced oil receipts from Cabinda, and faces tremendous

supply difficulties. It needs therefore to reach stability and to have its

economy recover rapidly.

The Luanda authorities no longer hide as they did in the past, the effects of

UNITA, which are becoming more extensive and more daring. These guerrilla

attacks, aimed mainly against commercial targets, have ruined communications,

impeded the functioning of distribution circuits, and have paralyzed the essential activities, such as agriculture (coffee, hemp and corn) and forest exploitation. It is also impossible to hide the poor social state created by the
economic situation—which appears as an afterthought in the officious JORNAL

DE ANGOLA. The growth of Savimbi's forces, which operate well despite being

far from their traditional refuge in the southeast part of the country, has

something to do with the discontent of the people.

It is not surprising therefore, according to the latest edition of 0 JORNAL,

that the possible withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola is being considered

thanks to negotiations being carried out the "contact group" countries. These

troops would be replaced by a multinational force, allowing for the fulfillment of UN Resolution 435 (cease fire and the organization of elections leading to the independence of Namibia). Inspite of the ardent denials on the

part of the MPLA and even though it is not the plan for peace sought by its

leaders, they have little choice but to follow the road to talks with South

Africa and to an understanding with UNITA for the survival of their regime.•

But, in this hot scenario of cold war, long as the arms of Washington and

Moscow are, nothing can be considered definite, for the moment....

12402

CSO: 3442/270
ANGOLA

CUBANS REPORTEDLY MAY LEAVE COUNTRY THIS YEAR

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 17-23 Jun 83 p 44

[Text] A French source linked to the Western Contact Group for the resolution

of the Namibian problem, and close to the Eliseu Presidential Palace, told our

correspondent, Daniel Ribeiro, that the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola

could become a reality next autumn.

The work of the Contact Group is finished with the essential matters; and the

negotiators are preparing for the period following the withdrawal of Cuban

troops from the country, added our source. Among the preparations is the formation of a multinational peace-keeping force, which will include Portuguese

troops, to oversee the implementation of UN Resolution 435; cease fire and the

organization of elections in Namibia.

Diplomatic sources of the FRG revealed that on June 10, in Bonn, the USA and

Angola had reached a substantial degree of understanding concerning the withdrawal of the Cuban troops, whose numbers are believed to be between 18 and

25,000 men.

Questioned last Tuesday in Madrid, Paulo Jorge was irritated and vehemently

denied the report regarding the eventual withdrawal of Cuban troops as a prerequisite for the mutual recognition of Luanda and Washington and for the independence of Namibia.

Nevertheless, according to our correspondent in the Spanish capital, Manuel

Lopes, the Angolan Foreign Relations Minister, confirmed that he had been

approached by the USA.

"We could possible see some developments once the USA frees itself of the

conditions and obsessions it has placed on itself," commented the minister.

Paulo Jorge, who had a private meeting with the state adviser, Lieutenant

Colonel Melo Atunes, who went to Madrid expressly for this meeting, emphasized

that Angola never accepted the linkage between the independence of Namibia •

and the presence of Cuban troops in Angola.
UN Forces

Reports obtained by 0 JORNAL's correspondent in Paris indicate that an agreement concerning the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola is only pending

the settlement of "secondary matters." While these matters are being smoothed

out, negotiations would continue for the formation of a UN contingent to

assure the conditions for the constitutional transition in Namibia, namely the

cease-fire, the withdrawal of South African troops and the election of a Constituent Assembly.

According to Daniel Ribeiro, that organization could see its functions broadened in the "post-Cuban" period, as a force contributing to the "stability"

of the situation in the country.

West German sources, cited in a recently published article in the HERALD TRIBUNE stated that negotiations between Angola and the United States had recently

faced two main issues: The UN Security Council debate concerning Namibia,

which was opposed by Angola; and the visit of Angolan President Jose Eduardo

dos Santos to Moscow.

And UNITA?

Meanwhile, according to reports obtained by Daniel Ribeiro, the internal situation in Angola would be on course for an "about-face," with the MPLA reaching

an understanding with Jonas Savimbi's UNITA after the withdrawal of the Cubans.

In Paris, this solution would be seen as positive, and the French negotiators

would be willing to try to ease the stumbling blocks raised in the heart of

the MPLA in this area of the negotiations.

The French are willing to serve as a "guarantee" to a solution of this type,

"safeguarding the Angolan nation." They state that "they are not alone" in

the defense of this position. There were rumors in the French capital this

week that there had already been secret meetings between the MPLA and UNITA

to study the proposals of the Western Contact Group (USA, Canada, France,

FRG and Great Britain).

By the way, it is worth remembering that this type of meeting, always denied

by the MPLA, is not unheard of according to 0 JORNAL, which by the way, has

always alluded to them.

The alleged opening of the MPLA for UNITA does not agree with Paulo Jorge's

harsh criticism of the "Angolan counterrevolutionaires1" activities in Portuguese territory and ANGOP s constant denunciations of UNITA's actions.

On the other hand, according to sources contacted by 0 JORNAL, contacts between elements of UNITA and officials of the MPLA are not always the result

of the party's official decision, but of isolated individual's initiatives

thus subsequently insured by the highest authorities in Luanda.
First Gesture?

Meanwhile, in Lisbon, the first "gesture" of the new government towards Angola

could be the prohibition of "Angolan counterrevolutionary" activity in and -

from Portugal. This was learned from an interview our correspondent Manuel

Lopes had With Paulo Jorge. Paulo Jorge added that relations with prior administrations were hindered because of this matter.

Besides, according to 0 JORNAL and Portuguese sources, the Angolan foreign

minister would have let our authorities know, a few weeks hence, that he would

not visit Portugal officially until measures were taken against the presence

and activities of Angolans plotting against the Luanda government in Portuguese

territory. It is worth noting that the Angolan foreign relations minister is

the only one of his peers from ex-Portuguese colonies who has not made an official visit to Lisbon. Paulo Jorge, who has been to Portugal numerous times,

but never officially, refused to explain why he preferred Paris to Lisbon as

a stopover to Luanda. Never-the-less, well placed observers attribute a real

political significance to the fact that the minister has not stopped in the

Portuguese capital on his way to Madrid, where he was greeted very cordially.

Success in Spain?

According to Manuel Lopes, at a news conference given last Tuesday, at the end

of a 48 hour visit to Madrid, Paulo Jorge seemed visibly satisfied with the

results of his meetings with Felipe Gonzalez, Fernando Moran and other ministers.

"The meetings were very cordial," said Paulo Jorge, who expressed himself both

in Portuguese and in correct Spanish.

Melo Antunes-Paulo Jorge Meeting

The minister classified his meeting as a "political one with economic impact."

In the political field, Madrid's support of the Front Line countries was

stressed. In the economic field, cooperation, which was already existent in

several areas, was broadened to include new sectors, specifically a study for

the concession of a new line of credit for several projects. Is Portugal losing ground to Spain in Angola? Paulo Jorge told Manuel Lopes that this was

not the issue, but rather the establishment of mutually beneficial cooperation

between Madrid and Luanda.

It was the first official visit of the Angolan foreign relations minister to

Spain since Madrid recognized the Angolan Government in 1977.

The intensification of US-Angolan negotiations, the eventual solution of the

Namibia question, the possible participation of Portuguese troops in a UN peacekeeping force, Luanda reservations towards the Libson government, the success

of the trip to Spain (Fernando Van Dunen, ambassador to Lisbon will be named

non-resident ambassador to Madrid)—-a vast and complex picture. It is reasonable to presume that all these issues were discussed in the meeting between
Paulo Jorge and Melo Antunes—the strategist for special relations with the

new Lusophone countries and President Eane's influential adviser. Concerning this meeting Melo Antunes would only tell 0 JORNAL that the meeting was

"strictly private."

In Madrid, although Paulo Jorge maintained himself, as is his habit, reserved

and reticent to comment on the perspectives of Luso-Angolan relations, ("they

were never linear for different reasons, but I think this will now depend,

also, on the orientation the present government hopes to give to its relations with other African Portuguese-speaking nations") he was emphatic in

referring to the Especial effort of the president of the republic, General

Antonio Ramalho Eanes in the development of relations between Portugal and

the African Portuguese-speaking countries. I believe," he added, "that his

personal efforts have contributed to reaching an understanding at certain

levels between ourselves and Portugal. I would like to stress that we have

seen an attitude of perseverence in the president of the republic during the

course of the years after independence."

12402

CSO: 3442/270
ANGOLA

YOUTH DELEGATION HEAD VISITING CUBA

Havana JUVENTUD REBELDE in Spanish 17 Jun 83 p 4

[Report on interview with Nito Cunha, leader of the Angolan youth delegation

visiting Cuba, by Dulce Ma. Hernandez; date and place not specified]

[Text] We recently were visited by a large Angolan youth delegation.

Nito Cunha, member of the JMPLA [Youth of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola] National Secretariat, in charge of educational and student

matters and also the coordinator of the Revision and Control Commission of his

national committee, was leading the group of 15 delegates.

Villa Clara and Matanzas were mainly the two provinces which served as the

field for exchange of experiences with the UJC. Of course, another obligatory

stop was the Isla de Juventud [Island of Youth] where Angolan scholarship

students study.

The People's Republic of Angola is working to organize an educational system

of its own, overthrowing the bases that the colonialists were interested in

maintaining.

JMPLA actively participates in this work as well as in student mass organizations which convey concerns, opinions and proposals gathered democratically,

to a great extent, among the masses.

The Angolan political youth organization (JMPLA) carries out its work in this

field in three important directions: political ideological education, defense

and steadfast support to the economy of the country. At the same time it

carries out other tasks such as literacy campaigns and vocational and total

orientation, which form part of the national education programs.

Nito Cunha explained some characteristics of the work of young people:

"In our National Committee, the secretariat to which I belong is responsible

for all the work in this field: primary schools, technical-professional education and higher education, although there is the organization of secondary

students and that of higher education students; both of them include several

thousand members because every person who is enrolled in a school has the right
to be a member of these organizations, because they are mass organizations

with autonomy and their own statutes. The work with children is guided directly by the Agostinho Neto Pioneer Organization.

"In our country defense is the main task. Before we are 18 years of age, our

education is directed toward our patriotic-military work. After 18, we join

the armed forces through the center for mobilization and recruitment, with

the adequate academic training. According to the present needs our country

has of technicians and professionals those who are engaged in this work are

given as the basic mission to graduate in their respective specialties.

"Those who join the armed forces, within them acquire technical specialties

needed for defense and civilian life to which they can return after 3 years

of service."

The Angolan youth leader continued:

"Economy is our second great concern. Therefore, students work during their

vacations promoting various productive projects.

"Because of the importance teachers have in our process, we take care of their

ideological training on a priority basis because in their hands lies the training of the future generations.

"We also develop, because of national need, the initial training of primary

teachers by other requirements and conditions. These are the objectives backed

by our youth organization."

Question: "How do the young people participate in the literacy campaign?"

Answer: "Members and young people in general join the Hoji ya Henda Brigades

and carry out literacy work in sectors considered as priority by the party,

such as the armed forces, peasants and workers. At the same time adult education is carried out, basically among workers.

"Considering the lack of teachers and fulfilling the orders of the party issued

in 1980, there arose in Lubango the youth brigades of education Comandante

Dangereaux, national MPLA hero, who had been a primary teacher by profession.

"These brigades were formed voluntarily by over 700 young people available :'....

throughout all sectors, who taught in Cunene, K. Kubango, Mochico and other

regions. In 1982-1983 there already were 1,250 members in this vanguard movement, who teach elementary and secondary courses for a year."

Question: "How is vocational and total education work done?"

Answer: "We really do not have much experience in vocational guidance. Our

present situation does not allow us to satisfy the preferences of young people.

We consider the needs of our country and carry out what we call their vocational "guidance" by which we make each student understand and give priority
in his selection in line with our specific historical situation; maybe things

will be different later, but this is the way it is now. We then go deeper into

this with the student and encourage him to like the specialty with which he

has been entrusted."

"An obligatory question: How was your delegation's stay in Cuba?"

"Useful, above all, from every point of view. We were able to learn a great

deal from the UJC in the educational and student fields that we can have in

mind in our own work. Everything was very useful.

"An important thing is the attention given by the Communist Party of Cuba to

young people, to children, and its interest in the development of the personality of the new man.

"It is impossible not to mention that we have seen evidence of the support of

the people to Fidel and the party' their revolutionary, combative spirit and

their determination to win or die, as a single soldier, facing the imperialist enemy. This is felt at this time of threats. We have seen a people organized and ready to engage in battle and win it once more.

"We could not end without stressing the recognition of the exemplary way in

which Cubans exercise proletarian internationalism whose benefits we Angolans

have recieved in war and peace.

"In the name of all members of our delegation we want to thank the National

Bureau of the UJC and the comrades who have taken care of us, for the hospitality and help in the work that we have carried out together. The UJC will always be able to count on the unconditional support of its sister JMPLA. Long

live Cuba! Long live Angola!"

11635

CSO: 3448/10
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

GDR DONATION TO MEDICAL SCHOOL~A donation of hospital diagnostic material,

laboratory equipment, clothing and toys was presented to our country yesterday by

the GDR. The gift, to go to the Faculty of Medicine, is valued at about 50,000

kwanzas and was presented by the charge d'affaires of the Embassy of the GDR to

Joao Filipe Martins, vice minister of secondary and higher education and dean of

the University of Angola. The donation reflects the bonds of friendship and

cooperation between the Angolan university and the university of Humboldt, in

Berlin. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Jul 83 p 2] 6362

COOPERATION WITH EGYPT—During the visit of Butrus Ghali, Egypt's minister of

state for foreign affairs, a trade agreement was signed yesterday between the

People's Republic of Angola and the Arab Republic of Egypt. Foreign Trade Minister

Ismael Martins signed on behalf of Angola and Butrus Ghali represented Egypt.

According to the terms of the treaty, Angola will export coffee, lumber, petroleum

and sisal to Egypt. Egypt's exports to Angola will consist mainly of building

materials, petroleum derivatives, medicines, fertilizers and cotton. [Text]]

[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Jul 83 p l] 6362

CAMBAMBE DAM—Gaspar da Silva, Portuguese secretary of state for cooperation, said

yesterday in Lisbon that he had observed "confidence in Portuguese technology"

in Angola, particularly with respect to dam construction. Gaspar da Silva, who

was interviewed by the Portuguese news agency ANOP, said his statement referred

to Portugal's prospects for raising the height of the Cambambe dam, regulating the

river and rebuilding the machinery, at the power plant there. After speaking in

detail about matters related to the Cambambe project, the Portuguese secretary

admitted it was quite possible that he would be going to Angola this month or,failing

that, early in August. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Jul 83 p l]

6362

COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL—A protocol of intent was signed yesterday in Luanda

between the Ministry of Health and the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. The document was signed by Health Minister Ferreira Neto and by Vitor Sa Machado, the

foundation's administrator for Africa. The protocol provides for aid to Angola in

the training and advanced training of cadres and additional equipment for the

emergency service at the Americo Boavida and Traumatizados do Prenda hospitals.

Provision of surgical material for various clinical specialties such as ophthalmology and urology, the study of endemic diseases and assistance in combating the

latter were also included in the protocol. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation made

about 1.6 million kwanzas available to the Health Ministry for the aquisition of

[medical] literature. The Portuguese delegation should leave Luanda for Sao Tome

today. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Jul 83 p 1] 6362

10
•ANGOLA DAYS' IN USSR—"Days of Angola," a series depicting the life and culture

of the Angolan people for the people of the Georgian SSR, came to an end in that

republic last Thursday. In Tbilissi, the Georgian capital, and in other cities,

there were exhibits of books and photographs pertaining to Angolan themes. A

folk group from the People's Republic of Angola also gave several performances.

"He are delighted at the chance to become familiar with the unique art of the

Angolan people," said Ya Gamrekeli, Georgian vice minister of culture. He added»

"The concerts by the Angolan group were a great success in our republic; this is

demonstrated by the wide coverage they received in the Georgian press. The

•Days of Angola' in Georgia confirmed that, like all the Soviets, the workers in

our republic support the Angolan people's struggle for their country's independence. We wish them success and we firmly believe in them. We also believe that

the culture of the People's Republic of Angola will make new conquests," the

Georgian vice minister concluded. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese

1 Jul 83 p 2] 6362

NEW CUBAN AMBASSADOR—-Havana--The Cuban Council of State has named Rodolfo P uente

Ferro as ambassador to the People's Republic of Angola, it was officially announced

in this city. Ferro, an alternate member of the Cuban Communist Party Central

Committee, will succeed Francia Mestre, who has been serving in this post. [Text]

[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Jun 83 p 1 ] 6362

GDR CHEMICAL INDUSTRY COOPERATION—Berlin—Pedro Van Dunem (Loy), Angola's minister

of energy and petroleum, is paying an official visit of several days to the GDR,

leading a delegation from the energy sector. Van Dunem met in this city with

Günther Wyschofsky, minister for the chemical industry. They examined issues of

bilateral interest regarding cooperation in the chemical industry. Van Dunem

also met with Wolfgang Rauchfuss, chairman of the Angolan-GDR joint economic

committee, with whom he discussed economic issues. The Angolan minister visited

the Schwed Chemical Complex, where he analyzed possibilities for petroleum

refining and the cost of obtaining other petroleum derivatives. [Text] [Luanda

JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Jul 83 p l] 6362

USSR COOPERATION IN FISHING INDUSTRY—The signing of the protocol covering the

session of the Joint Soviet-Angolan Council for the Fishing Industry marked the

end of the discussions between the two countries for cooperation in that area.

The document analyzes the activities of the People's Republic of Angola [RPA] and

the Soviet Union in this sector and outlines the possibilities for cooperation.

During its stay in the RPA, the Soviet delegation, led by Yuri Bystrov, vice

minister of fishing industry, was received by Andre Pitra, Secretary of the MPLAParty Central Commitee for the productive sector, and by Lopo do Nascimento, RPA

minister of planning and cochairman of the Joint Soviet-Angolan Intergovernmental

Commission for economic, technical and scientific cooperation. [TextJ [LuandaJORNAL DE

ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Jun 82 p 2] 6362

BULGARIAN DELEGATION VISITS—The delegation of the Bulgarian Union of Workers in

Construction and the Building Materials Industry returned to Bulgaria on Monday

after a 7-day visit to our country at the invitation of its Angolan counterpart.

During the visit, the Bulgarian delegation went to the city of Lubango, where it

visited some construction companies. In Luanda, the delegation visited the works

for the mausoleum of the late beloved Comrade President Agostinho Neto. The

11
visit of the Bulgarian delegation culminated in a meeting with a delegation of

the National Construction Union, led by Mario da Silva, member of the Central

Council of UNTA [National Union of Angolan Workers]. During the meeting, the two

delegations focused on some questions pertaining to the functioning of their

two organizations and on union activities in the two countries. At the end of the

meeting, Comrade Ilitcha, chief of the Bulgarian delegation, presented Mario da

Silva with a medal of merit for "Good Construction Work," the most distinguished

award of the Bulgarian construction workers union. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE

ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Jun 83 p 2] 6362

DELEGATION TO MEETING IN PRAGUE~The Angolan delegation led by Pascoal Luvualu,

member of the party's Political Bureau, returned to Angola Thursday evening after

taking part in the World Assembly "for peace and life, against nuclear war, in

Prague, Czechoslovakia. About 3,000 representatives of antiwar movements, political

parties and social, women's and youth organizations from 140 countries took part

in the 7-day assembly, which appealed to all the world powers to refrain from using

nuclear weapons. According to Luvualu, the assembly introduced a new form of discussion, the dialogue, which led to an agreement to seek to prevent another nuclear

war, destroying everything which mankind has created. Once again, the Angolan

delegation contributed its participation in various committees, one of which outlined the situation in southern Africa and, particularly, inthe People s Republic

of Angola, and that of other peoples, specifically those of East Timor, Nicaragua,

Palestine and Korea. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 2 Jul 83 p 1J

6362

CABINDA EXPORTS GAS TO BRAZIL~Cabinda~At the beginning of this month, 203,158

barrels of natural gas were exported to Brazil, an official source informed the

Angolan news agency INGOP. This is the first shipment of gas extracted in Malongo

by the Cabinda Gulf Oil Company, using the gas injection process inaugurated in

November 1982. Within the framework of the good trade MlrttoMbetwen Angola

and Brazil, a new shipment of 12,165 barrels of gas left for Brazil on 17 June,

according to the same source. Over $200 million was invested in the natural gas

iniection process, basically aimed at aiding the extraction Of crude oil from two

fieSs in Caoinda'. About 140,000 tons of liquid petroleum ^as should be produced

for export in association with the gas treatment. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA

in Portuguese 23 Jun 83 p l] 6362

COFFEE EXPORT SECTOR RE0RGANIZED--A decree from the Council of Ministers, published

in the DIARIO DA REPUBLICA, establishes the Coffee Processing and Exporting

Jlpany of Sgota (CAFANG0L-UEE), a dependency of the ^»^fj^^eS [n

According to the decree, the company is national in scope, with ^quarters in

Tnanda which can create or disband offices in the port cities. The primary

objective of cSSis to purchase commercial coffee produced domestically and

shipped to the coast. The coffee will be stored, processed and sacked for dis

tribution to the domestic consumer industry. CAFANG0L will also export coffee in

all forms According to the decree, CAFANG0L, without prejudice to its major

fb ecS"; could engage in other similar or related activities. The document

notes that the company was created because of ^PfJ^'SSSSJilS Congress coffee sector to achieve the goals determined by the First Extraordinary ^

on

eress

of the MPLA-Labor Party. The reorganization of the coffee industry includes the

12
establishment of new management systems for state-owned companies, aimed at a more

rational use of means, better control of production, purchases and warehousing,

processing and sales and better utilization of the labor force. [Text]] [[Luanda

JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Jun 83 p 2] 6362

NATIONAL BANK UNDER CENTRAL GOVERNMENT—According to a law inserted in the DIARIO

DA REPUBLICA and signed by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos, the National Bank of

Angola will be transferred to the central administrative organs of the state.

The Angolan news agency ANGOP reports that the bank will be directed by a governor,

a member of the Council of Ministers, with the rank of minister, assisted by vice

governors with the rank of vice minister. The National Bank of Angola is a legal

entity with administrative and financial autonomy; it is not responsible for debts

of the state, nor is the state responsible for commitments assumed by the bank,

except for operations carried out expressly under its charge or in its name. The

law stresses that the People's Bank of Angola and all credit institutions which

may be established will always be dependencies of the National Bank of Angola.

[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Jun 83 pp 1,2] 6362

COOPERATION WITH GHANA—Four cooperation accords were signed in Luanda between the

People's Republic of Angola and the Republic of Ghana at the end of a 5-day visit

by a Ghanaian delegation, led by Capt Kodjo Tsikata, special counselor to the

Ghanaian Provisional Council of National Defense. The documents—specifically,

an economic, scientific and technical cooperation accord, a trade agreement, a

program of cultural cooperation for 1983-1984 and a protocol for technical assistance—were signed by Foreign Relations Minister Paulo Jorge, representing Angola,

and by Captain Tsikata on behalf of Ghana. The trade agreement provides for

Angolan exports to Ghana, primarily sisal, oils, fish meal and granite; Angola's

imports from Ghana will include pharmaceutical products, palm oil, footwear, wood

and paper products. The economic, scientific and technical cooperation agreement

includes a provision for the advanced training of Angolan cadres in Ghanaian institutions; the protocol calls for Ghanaian technical assistance to Angola. The program

for cultural cooperation for 1983-1984 provides for the exchange of missions and

documents, as well as musical and theatrical performances. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL

DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Jul 83 p l] 6362

PORTUGUESE COOPERATION IN TOURISM~Lisbon~Day before yesterday the Portuguese

Government approved a special cooperation accord between Portugal and Angola in the

area of tourism and the hotel industry. The accord was signed in Luanda in April

1982, during the visit of President Ramalho Eanes. In force for 5 years, the accord

provides for the promotion, stimulation and development of the tourism and hotel

sectors, through a reciprocal system of cooperative action. In the technical-economic

area, the accord provides for the contracting of cooperants, the design of programs

and construction of hotel units and tourist infrastructures, among other measures,

as well as the formation of mixed companies. The agreement gives special emphasis

to tourist and hotel training, specifically to the organization and implementation

of a system of professional training, technical-instructional interchange and equipment for professional training institutions. The accord approved day before yesterday by the Council of Ministers was signed by Paulino Pinto Joao, former secretary

of state for cooperation, on behalf of Angola, and by Nandim de Carvalho, then

secretary of state for tourism, representing Portugal. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE

ANGOLA in Portuguese 9 Jul 83 p l] 6362

13
RAILROAD CONNECTIONS BROKEN--ANGOP has learned from reliable sources that the

railroad connections between Luanda and the city of Malange have been interrupted for more than a month. The offices of the CFA (the Angolan Railroad)

recently announced a technical breakdown in the line, which well informed

sources attribute to sabotage with explosives, in the Municipality of Cacuso,

in the province of Malange. Rail traffic has not yet returned to normal.

Malange is located about 420 kilometers from Luanda, and it is the second

longest railroad line in Angola. The Benguela Railroad (CEB), which links

the central coastal region with the eastern border, is the longest in the

country. The third longest line is the Mocamedes Railroad in the South. Like

the other two, it operates between the coastal region and the interior of the

country. The paralysis of the CFA is causing problems to the people of the

area. In addition to the high passenger traffic, it is also slowing the movement of merchandise between Luanda and the eastern provinces, namely the fuel

supply, which now has to be transported by road. To the opposite direction,

the railroad normally transports agricultural products, such as manioc flour,

which is the basic staple of the people of Luanda. [Text] [Lisbon DIARIO DE

NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Jun 83 p 5] 12402

CSO: 3442/270

14
DJIBOUTI

INTERVIEW WITH DIRECTOR OF DJIBOUTI-ETHIOPIAN RAILROAD

Djibouti LA NATION DE DJIBOUTI in French 30 Jun 83 p 4

[Text] The day after the fourth board meeting of

the Djibouti-Ethiopian Railway (CDE) June 13-14, we met

with Mr Badar, technical director and representative of

the general manager of CDE to try to evoke a summary

of fiscal year 1982-83 and more particularly the

accomplishments of the last six months. We recall that

at the time of the fourth board meeting, the Djibouti

delegation which went to Ethiopia was led by Mr

Youssouf Ali Chirdon, acting minister of commerce,

transportation and tourism while the Ethiopian delegation was headed by Messrs Youssouf. Ahmed and Taye

Tilahum, respectively minister of transportation and

communications and minister of the interior.

Mr Badar, six months ago ''LA NATION1 evoked, in an interview which you

were kind enough to grant us, the condition and development prospects of

the CDE.

Can you begin by telling us about the freight traffic booked?

Well, we have carried 249,000 tons, a traffic figure which corresponds to 80

percent of our projections. This difference is explained by the fact that

Ethiopia's cereal crops were smaller than normal this year; domestic traffic

was thus heavily penalized. However, we have achieved an increase of 10.2

percent in receipts which is explained by the decision to give first

priority to import-export traffic...

What pattern has passenger traffic followed?

I must begin by telling you that we have experienced an increase of 4

percent. We have transported 1,451,000 travelers for a monthly average

of 130,000. Receipts have increased by 28.7 percent. We could have

exceeded this number, but as I already explained to you six months ago,

too many "stowaways" use the CDE: more strict security measures must

be established. Police measures must be particularly reinforced; it is

one of our priorities, and I am convinced that the public authorities will

respond to that appeal.

15
Can we now talk about the accomplishments and the renovation projects?

Is the CDE going to progressively find a new image? Where are you in

this regard?

The reorganization study has been initiated. The group Louis Berger which

is, I must emphasize, an American research organization with a world-wide

reputation, began its work at the beginning of May. According to the

contract, it is responsible for studying all the CDE structures and issuing

a report of the recommendations it feels would be useful for the development

of CDE. As for the emergency aid we discussed the last time, that is to

say the FED [European Development Fund] financing of about one billion

Djibouti francs to cover the purchase of two locomotives, an aerial

tramway and ten tow supports for the aerial tramway as well as six

line-inspection vehicles and a supply of spare parts for replacement of

the telephone system, the CDE has placed an order for some of these

supplies contingent upon the arrival of these funds. But taking into

account manufacturing delays which are very long, I am thinking especially

of the locomotives and the aerial tramway, we will not receive this

equipment until about May 1984. On the other hand, the six line-inspection

engines, "the lorry motors," have already arrived at the port in Djibouti.

Addis Ababa has been an important step for the future of the CDE.

Can you tell us the general outline of the agreement signed there?

It is not a question of an agreement but of a financial protocol which

has been presented by France and accepted by the Djibouti and Ethiopian

nations. The agreement will be signed at the beginning of July in Paris.

Can you tell us about the financial assistance that France is going to

grant the CDE?

This financial package amounts to 80,000,000 French francs to be used

as follows:

-20 percent for 40 very long-term treasury loans;

-40 percent for 10-year guaranteed loans. This financial package will

enable us principally to acquire six BB 1200-horsepower locomotives, 82

radial trucks, a complex for crushing stone, and various pieces of earthmoving equipment as well as 30 kilometers of rail and various machine tools

and pieces of lifting equipment.

Finally, Mr Badar, do you still dread the uphill pull to the waters of Lake

Metahara?

Yes, this problem remains; recognizing the gravity of the situation, the board

members visited the location and formulated serious recommendations for the

purpose of urgently completing, certainly before the rainy season, the

alternative plan which had been studied and accepted and which will parallel

the national road. This alternative involves about one kilometer of track

and will no longer be threatened by the waters of the lake.

12308

CSO: 3419/1046 16
GABON

SPAIN SURVEYING NATION'S FISH RESOURCES

Libreville L'UNION in French 8 Jul 83 p 4

[Article by Obame Emane]

[Text] Within the framework of the agreement on merchant marine cooperation

signed in Madrid in 1981, the Spanish Government recently completed a survey

of fishing resources on Gabon's continental shelf, using the ship "Le Cornide

de Saavedra."

With respect to Corisco Island, the survey was made in the area between the

shore and waters not exceeding a depth of 200 meters. The one Completed in

May 1982 followed the same route. We spoke with Spanish charge d'affaires

Alvaro Iranzo Gutierrez about the reasons for the second survey.

The second operation came about because of the lack of accuracy of the first ,

in the sense that it had essentially dealt with small surface fish. The

"Garcia del Cid," which carried out the first evaluation, did not have the

technical equipment or fishing materials to inventory the different deepwater

fish.

"Le Cornide de Saavedra," weighing 1,300 tons, has acoustic sound systems,

fishing gear and instruments to measure parameters of the area (temperature,

salinity, oxygen, nutritive elements and chlorophyl), enabling researchers to

compare species and marine environments.

Substantial Results

While the first survey cost 230 million CFA francs, the second phase will cost

the Spanish Government much more, because of the size of the ship and its equipment, 27 crew members, including two Gabonese geologists who shared the experience of the second outing.

However, the results of the first phase are not negligible, insofar as some

60 species of small surface fish were identified by the "Garcia del Cid" crew.

These two reports will lead to true marine cooperation between Gabon and

Spain, the third-ranking fleet in the world after Japan and the Soviet Union.

The two countries will then exchange high-level technical and political delegations to define terms of Spain's participation in the development of Gabon's

marine resources.

17
The charge d'affaires from the Spanish Embassy believes that cooperation is

not limited to fishing between Gabon and his countries. "First of all, we

have to survey quantities and quality." Spain may finance and build a fish

processing plant at Port Gentil, he says, set up a joint fishing company

with Gabonese private or public partners, participate in the exportation of

Gabonese fishing products, and so on.

Spanish Experience

If these proposals are accepted, it will be necessary to combine the means of

Spanish experience with those of the Italian firm Ingeco-Breda, which signed

a declaration of intention with Gabon on 7 May 1982, concerning completion of

the integrated Port Gentil. fishing project.

It will also be necessary to have the aid of the European Development Fund,

which in April 1982 made a survey for four countries in the Gulf of Guinea

(the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Sao Tome and Gabon), although this is a subregional project, while the Spanish survey involves bilateral cooperation.

According to Rolf Alvaro Iranzo Gutierrez, Spain would find no problem in

placing its participating in a multilateral framework, "provided that the

Gabonese economic and industry of the post-oil period profit from it." That

is one more reason why Spain is pursuing negotiations for its entry into the

EEC.

11,464

CSO: 3419/1090

18
GABON

JAPANESE MAKE NEW DONATION OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT

Libreville L'UNION in French 5 Jul 83 p 4

[Article by Obame Emane]

[Excerpts] In order to be effective, bilateral relations have to be based on

the application of agreements made between the two governments. But above

all, they must be manifested by specific action that will maintain them and

further strenghen them.

If these are the main characteristics of bilateral cooperation, one can rightly

say that the Gabonese and Japanese governments enjoy cooperation worthy of

praise. There is no need to review the different aspects marking relations

between the two countries since the establishment of diplomatic relations.'

We have already done so in a series of articles in July 1981.

And yet, the official presentation on Saturday of agricultural equipment for

the Ndende rice project by the Japanese ambassador provides us with one more

opportunity to discuss Japanese-Gabonese relations, solely within the framework of gifts and the transfer of technology.

Equipment worth 22 million CFA francs, presented on Saturday by the charge

d'affaires of the Japanese Embassy, Morita Mizuho, on behalf of Ambassador

Kichisaburo Inoue, who was absent from Libreville, and received by ministerial

representative Simplice Guedet Manzela, is not the first Japanese contribution

to the Ndende rice project.

In fact, at the request of the Gabonese Government,, a Japanese firm of consulting engineers, Nippon-Koei, completed the study for the project, which:

cost over 4 billion CFA francs, financed by the Gabonese Government. This

first study of a material, technical and financial nature was completed by a

gift of 12.5 million CFA francs, in the form of equipment granted by the

Japanese Agency for International Cooperation.

These two grants were joined by the gift of teaching, sociocultural and sports

equipment worth 65 million CFA francs, presented to Omar Bongo University at

the time of the official visit by the deputy minister of foreign affairs,

Hideo Tsuji, in July 1982. The equipment was turned over to the beneficiary

on 18 April.

19
In order to offer Gabon complete assistance, Japan accompanied its gifts by

training for Gabonese agricultural technicians. Nine scholarships have been

given to Gabon in the past three years, Charge d'Affaires Mizuho said, for

training on rice growing machinery. This means that if one of the machines

given by the Japanese Government has operating difficulties, the Gabonese will

be able, not only to relieve them, but solve them.

The latest gift of equipment responds to Japan's concern for granting its

cooperation to the economic and social development of poorer countries,

especially in Africa. Is it not today one of the. greatest contributors to

the African Development Fund? Along the same line of ideas, Japan is now

pursuing negotiations to become a member of the African Development Bank.

11,464

CSO: 3419/1090

20
GABON

PRESIDENT OPENS THERMAL POWER PLANT IN OGOOUE-MARITIME

Libreville L'UNION in French 4 Jul 83 p 2

[Article by Ollo-Mombey]

[Excerpts] Omboue, capital of the Department of Etimboue, was the first stop

Saturday, 2 July 1983, on the president's tour of Ogooue-Maritime Province.

After the customary greetings, N'Kero-Gninga, president of the Departmental

Assembly, spoke to welcome the chief of state. He recalled the words spoken

by the president at the time of his first visit to Omboue 10 years ago:

"Omboue, which I knew only by name, will be marked with a white stone."

He then reviewed the achievements completed in Omboue since that time, especially construction of a modern airport, construction of the recently opened

center, and finally, the dream that is now a reality, to wit, the acquisition

of water and electricity, representing life and comfort.

Minister Divungui Di Ndinge, speaking after N'Kero-Gninga, was pleased to see

the president personally attend the ceremony. Speaking of water and electricity in our country, he said that during the early years of our independence, *

priority was given to the poles where the essential administrative and economic

activities took place and where nearly all of our wealth was found and shipped,

meaning Libreville, Port-Gentil and Franceville.

Since electricity and water have now become decisive elements of economic progress and social well-being, great projects have been cropping up in our country for the past dozen years, such as the hydroelectric dams of Kinguele,

Tchimbele, Poubara, the Port-Gentil gas turbines and the Ntoum and Mandorove

water systems. For Divungui, enormous progress has been made since the electrification of Lambarene in 1962, the first of the type in our country. By the

end of this year, 28 areas will have electricity and 24 will have water, in

an effort that will be continued within the framework of two major programs

costing over 20 billion francs. This will help 50 main settlements in the

country by giving them public electricity and drinking water within the next

5 years.

The speaker then emphasized that the government's action will not be limited

to the communities named. He told of 600 villages whose populations number

in the hundreds and for whom a village water program has been designed and

launched. The final cost is an estimated 10 billion CFA francs.

21
Divungui then gave the features ...of the Ombpue facilities, including a diesel

thermal power plant equipped with three generators, a medium-tension network,

95 lamps for public lighting, water from two production wells, a 10 cubic

meter station,.a water tower of 160 cubic meters, a delivery pipeline,

five water fountains,»> and so on.

For his part, the chief of state emphasized that unity that should characterize all Gabonese. At the same time, he asked for greater mobilization of

members around party ideals for, according to President Bongo, it is only

through the party that we can achieve the unity of all Gabonese and it is

thanks to that unity that the government can handle the people's problems.

The president of the republic then proceeded to officially open the facilities.

The president's entourage took off shortly thereafter for Port-Gentil, where

the chief of state was to lay the cornerstone for the Novotel chain hotel.

11,464

CSO: 3419/1090

22
GABON

BRIEFS

BREAD PRICE INCREASE—Overnight, as if by magie, the price of bread, that

basic staple of many of our fellow citizens, went from 80 to 90 francs. The

increase has hit families hard during this period of austerity. But it was not

so much the price hike — to which we are already accustomed — as it was the

way it came about that disturbed everyone. It was in fact in the middle of the

night, as if it were trying to hide and duck its responsibilities, that the

competent department (How competent?) gave the green light to bakers to wangle

the money out of our pockets. As for myself, I have noted that for some time

now, the market price list has no longer been published. That is one way of

saying to the merchants: "Pick your own prices and too bad for the consumer!"

This has now been confirmed, although the only field of operations of our inspectors is the market, where they stand-out by virtue of their assaults on

the saleswomen. That is all we know about them. Increasing prices in keeping

with market logic is one thing, but the public should be informed in time

rather than being presented with an accomplished fact. [By Makayä] [Text]

[Libreville L'UNION in French 6 Jul 83 p 1] 11,464

CSO: 3419

23
MOZAMBIQUE

COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL SEEN AS MOVE AWAY FROM USSR

Portugal Gives a 'Push'

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 15 Jul 83 p 10

[Article by CM.]

[Text] The satisfactory progress of the talks between a Mozambican delegation

headed by Prakash Ratilal, governor of the Bank of Mozambique, and high Portuguese officials is going to strengthen the conditions already being developed

to help Mozambique move out of the Soviet Union's sphere of influence.

The opening of lines of credit and the confirmation of Portuguese cooperation

in the work to open the railway between Nacala and Malawi (a project which will

cost over $200 million and in which France and Canada are also participating)

were the chief results of the talks by the Portuguese-Mozambican Joint Commission, which is concluding its meeting today, Friday, in Lisbon.

But in addition to the topics covered by the joint commission, other matters

were discussed by some of the Mozambican leaders visiting Lisbon this week—

specifically, Prakash Ratilal and Aquino de Braganca (see the interview and

biographical profile in this issue).

One of those matters was the organization of Samora Machel's visit to Portugal

this fall, which was reported by 0 JORNAL last week. Mozambican authorities

assign the greatest importance to an interview with Samora on the RTP [Portuguese Radio-Television System] so that Portuguese public opinion can become

familiar with the real personality of the Mozambican leader. [copy missing]

military cooperation was also discussed. Mozambique feels that the Portuguese

are in a good position to supply certain kinds of arms. This would avoid the

need for recourse to other, "more embarrassing" sources of supply—materiel of

U.S. origin, for example. Mozambique is trying to counterbalance its dependence on the USSR. During his visit to Moscow, Samora Machel heard from

Andropov about the uproar of concern over the fact that Mozambique has agreements of a military nature with Portugal, a NATO country.

Rapprochement With United States

Dissatisfied with the results of cooperation with the East, the Mozambicans

seem to be paying less and less attention to help from that direction, although

they are not ignoring it.

24
Instead, cooperation with the United States is being strengthened—and Portugal

has been playing an outstanding role in that process.

The contacts with Frank George Wisner II, U.S. assistant secretary of state

for African affairs, were regarded as very positive, and the White House has

just named diplomat Peter Jon de Vos ambassador to Maputo, an action reflecting recognition by the United States that Mozambique can no longer be considered a regime within the Soviet sphere.

While Portugal is establishing certain bridges to the West, it is obtaining in

return the possibility of having Mozambique as a "backer" for its initiatives

aimed at gaining entrance to southern Africa.

This strategy for breaking down Mozambique's dependence has been facilitated

by developments in African politics itself, in which Veloso (currently responsible for drawing up an economic strategy) and Prakash Ratilal have been assuming a major role. Foreign diplomatic sources accredited to Maputo have

also been drawing attention to the rise of a new star in Mozambican politics:

Tomas Salomao, secretary of state for defense.

"Political Will" of Portuguese Leaders

Various members of the Mozambican delegation contacted by us, specifically

[copy missing] existence of a "political will" on the part of the leaders contacted, specifically with Mario Soares and with the secretary of state for

budget, Antonio de Almeida. They also called attention to the fact that in

many talks, the directors general were absent or were represented by persons

with no authority to negotiate.

Portuguese authorities have shown a very special interest in this meeting,

however: in addition to the official meetings, there have been luncheons, dinners, and receptions at Sao Bento and Necessidades. Jaime Gama, for example,

met for dinner with the representatives of Mozambique as well as with Gaspar

da Silva, secretary of state for foreign affairs; Minister of Finance Ernani

Lopes; and Paulouro das Neves, Portugal's future ambassador to Mozambique, as

well as Sa Machado, Luis Fontoura, and Miguel Almeida Fernandes of Jaime Gama's

staff. But Almeida Santos and Manuel Alegre were also there. Gama and Almeida

Santos are scheduled to visit Mozambique in the near future to make preparations for Samora Machel's visit to Lisbon, and there are those who are already

saying that the dissension between the two Socialist politicians may be "frozen"

thanks to the relations with Mozambique.

On the following day, Mario Soares met for lunch with the Mozambican officials,

Mota Pinto, Ernani Lopes, Jaime Gama, Nunes Barata (the prime minister's diplomatic assistant), and others.

Prakash Ratilal and Aquino de Braganca were also received by the president of

the republic. A member of the Mozambican delegation told us: "We are not interested in getting involved in disputes between the president and the government ."

25
Lastly, in terms of specific results, it should be pointed out that agreement

has been reached on the granting of a loan of 1 million escudos to cover the

cost of cooperation.

Prakash Ratilal on Cooperation With Portugal

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 15 Jul 83 p 10

[Report on interview with Prakash Ratilal, minister governor of the Bank of

Mozambique, by Pedro Vieira in Lisbon; date not specified]

[Text] "We are beginning to see the fruits of cooperation," is what 0 JORNAL

was told by Prakash Ratilal, minister governor of the Bank of Mozambique, at

the conclusion of a week of intensive contacts in Lisbon.

The minister is a quiet man who speaks unhurriedly. He assesses the experience

of the past 3 years as positive, saying specifically that it "has been based

on a good business foundation and on viable projects."

"Viability" seems to be a key word in the glossary of Portuguese-Mozambican

cooperation, which, according to Prakash Ratilal, "is the object of a very

broad consensus between the two countries."

Already in the works are "new ideas" concerning the viability of joint programs

under which Mozambique would supply Portugal with coal, cotton, and tobacco.

Maputo plans in that way to balance trade between the two countries. That trade

is currently in Portugal's favor.

The agreement to improve the 600-kilometer stretch of railway between InterLakes (Malawi) and Nacala is perhaps the most significant of the agreements

reached at the meeting by the joint commission. In the first place, it involves quadripartite cooperation (Mozambique, Portugal ($40 million in financing), France (extremely long-term credit), and Canada (a "grant" of $15 million)).

The minister emphasized that in addition, development of the railway will

stimulate the development of northern Mozambique, and in the future, its extension through Zambia to southern Zaire will strengthen economic ties among the

countries in the region.

According to the minister, cooperation involving three or more parties has

turned out to be a fruitful solution. Prakash Ratilal mentioned to us the

partnership with Portugal and Italy for the production of glass in Mozambique.

Following a period of cool relations between Lisbon and Maputo, PortugueseMozambican cooperation has been expanding since 1979. Mozambique's chief partners at present are Portugal, Brazil, France, and Italy. Meanwhile, at the

summit meeting held by the nine SADCC (Southern African Development Coordination Conference) countries in Maputo last Monday, an appeal was made to the

countries having good relations with South Africa to invest in the SADCC's member countries.

26
Ratilal said: "The rapid strengthening of the SADCC is a victory. South Africa's economic strategy (based on the 'theory of a constellation of states' —

implying the existence of a sovereign star) has been countered by the SADCC's

concept of interdependence."

Using his fingers to form little circles around his eyes, Prakash Ratilal said

that Mozambique does not look at international relations through binoculars—

an implicit reference to the Soviets and the West. And he said that his country

is investigating forms of cooperation with CEMA (the "Common Market" of the

East) as well as with the EEC through participation in the negotiations in connection With Lome Agreement III. In Mozambique, there are no "Berlin walls"

separating cooperants, who come from all over the world. The number of Portuguese cooperants has increased in recent years. For some time now, Maputo has

been recruiting cooperants with an eye more to quality than to quantity. "It

is real production that is going to pay the cooperant's wages," we were told by

the minister governor of the Bank of Mozambique, who added ironically that "we

cannot absorb the unemployment that exists in the world." The minister said

that "we have had to dismiss a few cooperants who did not work out." But, he

added, "there are cases of heroic work."

11798

CSO: 3442/293

27
MOZAMBIQUE

JOHANNESBURG COMMENTARY CITES RNM LEADER

MB281606 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 28 Jul 83

[Station commentary: "Mozambique and the RNM"]

[Text] A television interview with the leader of the Mozambique National

Resistance Movement [RNM], Afonso Dhlakama, screened in South Africa, claims

that final victory for the resistance movement is very near because of popular

support for the movement.

Indeed, the Mozambique people have little reason to support the government of

President Samora Machel. Since 1975 when Frelimo took over power and promised

to transform the country into the first truly Marxist state in Africa, food

production has declined by up to 75 percent and production of major cash

crops has plummeted by 50 percent.

As a consequence of his predicament, President Machel has been trying his best

to acquire more Western aid. But the West is in two minds as to whether to

increase aid to that country because of the government's strong communist

affiliations.

In an interview seen after his defection, the national director of security in

Mozambique, Mr Jorge Costa, said that the Soviet Union was destroying his

country's economy and added that the Soviets want to eventually take command

of the economy. Facts support Mr Costa's story. Last year the British magazine

THE ECONOMIST published a survey of the Mozambican economy and concluded that

7 years of Soviet-style economics has left Mozambique with a stagnant economy

and chronic shortages.

Meanwhile, the strength of the RNM movement is growing fast. Correspondents

in Mozambique report that the RNM is rapidly making large areas of Mozambique

as unsafe as when Frelimo was fighting the Portuguese. They say Frelimo is

on the defensive for the first time since independence 8 years ago. The RNM

today claims more than 10,000 fighting men, and of particular concern for

President Machel is the fact that while he struggles with an ailing economy,

the RNM is stepping up attacks on economic targets. Also significant is what

the RNM is fighting for.

28
RNM leader Afonso Dhlakama says what the RNM wants is the introduction of democratic systems. It will allow political parties, introduce free enterprise

into the economy, and restore pragmatic economic relations with South Africa.

The people of Mozambique, it is clear—in common with populations of other

countries with pro-Marxist governments, such as Angola—are determined to

destroy their Soviet-dominated leaders.

CSO: 3400/1703

29
MOZAMBIQUE

BIOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION ON AQUINO DE BRAGANCA PROVIDED

Lisbon 0 JORNAL in Portuguese 15 Jul 83 p 11

[Article by Caceres Monteiro]

[Text] Aquino de Braganca, 53, a close associate of Samora Machel and director

of the Center for African Studies at Maputo University, is in Lisbon this week

to take part in talks with Portuguese leaders. He describes himself as a "man

of anguish" in search of what it will mean to be "a Marxist in the 21st century" and as "a Marxist under tension—a Marxist with few certainties."

"I feel fulfilled by fulfilling myself." That is the secret behind his living

under tension. And with his friend Samora Machel ("my relationship with him

is not one in which he is the leader"), he also tries for a tie of tension.

He is viewed with the greatest mistrust by the Soviets and is an enemy of South

Africa's secret service, which sent him a letter-bomb by mail a year ago to

kill him. He escaped—after an operation in Lisbon—with injuries that only

now have healed completely. But Ruth First, a well-known leader of the ANC,

died.

Contrary to ideological formalism, Aquino de Braganca (a permanent roving ambassador for Mozambique who is present at all major events to uphold official

foreign policy) believes it is necessary to "rethink Marxism," since Lenin no

longer actually means much to African progressives and because the international

communist movement, if it does not change, will be in serious danger of losing

influence. "More than thinking about the dispute between East and West, it

would be a good idea to take into account the differences between the North and

the South."

"I do not have the false, although real, problems of my Marxist friends in

Europe. The French Marxists, for example, by taking refuge in such matters as

Afghanistan or human rights in the Eastern countries (although those are undoubtedly important issues), are retreating from the problems of France itself."

The Soviet Union has still not perceived what is happening in southern Africa.

It did not understand what was happening in Zimbabwe, where it supported N'Komo.

It still does not know who Samora Machel is.

30
"Samora Machel is a 'destroyer of the system.1

He shares Sartre's concept of

the system. There is a Samoran reinterpretation of Sartre, although it is possible that Samora is not familiar with Sartre."

Aquino de Braganca is very familiar with Jean-Paul Sartre. He reads and reflects Sartre and feels that he himself is a "Descartes studying Marxism."

He knows Sartre from the latter's books, and he was also acquainted with him

in Paris, as he was with the entire group associated with TEMPS MODERNES. In

Aquino de Braganca's opinion, Paris was an "invigorating open window that

enabled us to take a clearheaded look at the colonial issue."

In Paris during the 1950's, he associated with Ben Barka—for whom he was to

act as private secretary—Leopold Senghor, Sekou Toure, and all the people

gathered around the magazine PRESENCA AFRICANA. Aquino de Braganca saw in

Mario de Andrade, with whom he had close ties, a "big dose of optimistic skepticism." In France he knew Neto, Amilcar Cabral, and Marcelino dos Santos.

With them were Mario Andrade and Viriato da Cruz, among others. In April 1961,

he founded the CONCP (Conference of Nationalist Organizations in the Portuguese

Colonies). He was one of the founders of the magazine AFRIQUE-ASIE, from which

he disassociated himself only a few years ago after taking exception to its

orientation.

Break With Gandhi and Nehru

The son of an "imperial administrator" who served in Angola and Cape Verde,

Aquino de Braganca was an activist in the Indian student movement, and in the

1950's, after a rift with Gandhi and Nehru and disillusioned by Indian independence, he went to Mozambique against the advice of his father. An alienated

university student, he had difficulty finding a job because he was colored ("I

identify with blacks. In Mozambique, anything that was not white was black").

Although "divorced from Asia," he nevertheless played an active role in the

process preceding the invasion of Goa by the Indian Union, a process that he

and Marcelino dos Santos discussed personally with Nehru.

"Salazar bore a very great share of responsibility in those events. He did not

take the specific features of the Goan question into account.

"We 'pushed' Nehru in 1961, thinking that Goa's integration with an Indian

project would be the beginning of the end of the empire."

"Was it?"

"No."

He talks about Goa enthusiastically and deplores the process of "denationalization" taking place there. "Today there is brutal integration with the Indian

bourgeoisie, where the world of labor is completely sidelined. Goa is going

through a phase of recolonization." But also one of development—he admits

it—with schools, health facilities, and electricity. Goa is dealing with its

ancestral backwardness.

31
The first shock came when he returned to Goa after the invasion and saw how

certain important collaborators with the colonial regime were occupying "places,

in the sun."

When he goes to Goa now, he does so as an anonymous citizen, unlike what happens

in New Delhi, where Aquino de Braganca is an esteemed person despite his criticisms: "We are dealing with a very stringent and extremely harsh regime and an

Indian economy evolving in a totally capitalist direction."

Future Dialogue With South Africa

But Aquino de Braganca has another concern that we would call almost an obsession: to discover what is really happening in South Africa. Incidentally, a

great part of the activity at the Center for African Studies, which he heads,

is concerned with that question. "We are going to prepare a 500-page report

on South Africa, and this is justified when one considers that Mozambique is

on the periphery of the subsystem. We will study the institutions and political figures. As always, it will be a collective research project. It is impossible to teach without engaging in research."

The center and Aquino are careful observers of what happens in South Africa.

They believe that the country is a "reality in the process of transformation."

The "dissident families"—Afrikaner intellectuals in conflict with the system—

are the object of close study. It is felt in Mozambique that there are "candidates for dialogue"—a possible dialogue with a different South Africa, which

is what Mozambique wants and is researching. Even when the risk is expressed

in bombs. Because of that, even the most minor phenomena are followed attentively. The reformist newspaper RAND DAILY MAIL—threatened by Botha's

regime—is read in Maputo with close attention. Mozambique is preparing for

a debate with its big neighbor. Its hopes are placed in the "waves" being made

by the country's intellectuals and university people. It is getting ready for

the "postapartheid" period.

Samora's "Long Trip"

Aquino de Braganca in Portugal is a person with easy access to Portuguese politicians. There have been luncheons and dinners with Mario Soares and Jaime

Gama, with whom he has had private meetings over the past few days.

He is going to make arrangements for Samora Machel's visit to Portugal by

coming to Lisbon ahead of time, just as on this occasion, he arrived a few days

before the meeting by the joint commission.

So Samora Machel will be in Portugal this autumn. According to Aquino, he

"took a long trip before arriving in Portugal."

The trip started in Lusaka (where Aquino also was), and according to Aquino,

that long trip was basically a strategy of Samora's.

Samora Machel in Portugal will be the culmination of a long process of drawing

closer to Portugal, and Aquino de Braganca was one of the chief architects of

that process.

11798

CSO: 3442/294 32
MOZAMBIQUE

COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL IN DIFFERENT FIELDS DESCRIBED

Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 2 Jul 83 p 6

[Text] The index for trade between Portugal and Mozambique increased by 450

percent in Portugal's favor between 1981 and 1982, placing that nation among

Mozambique's five principal trading partners. This revelation was made to us

by a member of the Mozambican Government, who pointed out that in 1980 Portugal was not numbered among the top 10 of Mozambique's trading partners.

These increasing relations of cooperation in the areas of finance and technology are viewed in Mozambique as a "reflection of the high level of political

understanding that exists between the two nations and the two governments," to

quote a statement made to EXPRESSO by one of the members of the Mozambican

delegation which in a few days will arrive in Lisbon to take part in the meeting of the Joint Committee on Cooperation.

Attention has been focused during the past several days on cooperation with

Portugal, as plans are being finalized for construction of a military barracks

by Portuguese army engineers. At a reception held in commemoration of the

eighth anniversary of Mozambican independence, President Samora Machel praised

the Portuguese military mission and spoke of the importance of the relations

between Maputo and Lisbon.

The Mozambican Government has been placing great emphasis on relations with

Portugal since late 1979» at which time the economic matters in controversy

were resolved. It Is believed in Mozambique that Portugal could play a major

role not only in terms of support for Mozambican development but also in terms

of Mozambique's relations with the Wests the administration of Prime Minister

Mario Soares is now said to "be in a position to strengthen these relations—

and even to intensify them"~g'iven the role that the Socialist Party plays in

the affairs of the Socialist International and given the relations that prevail

between Portugal and the United States.

Agreement Signed by Balsemao Not Yet Operative

We have learned that the talks in Lisbon between the two governments will be

concentrated on economic and financial matters, and were told that the "signature of important agreements already discussed with the previous administration"

might take place.

33
It appears that the principal topics of the fourth meeting of the Joint Committee on Cooperation will include an agreement for the financing by Portugal of

various forms of technical cooperation? Portuguese participation in the project

for rehabilitation of the railway between the port of Nacala and Malawi; and—

possibly—ratification of plans for financing expansion of the Machava glass

factory#

The technical cooperation agreement signed last year in Maputo during the visit

of former Prime Minister Francisco Balsemao to Mozambique has not yet been

implemented, because of problems relating to the process of ratification. This

agreement—in the amount of 1 million Portuguese contos—will be used to finance

the hiring, by Mozambique, of technicians in Portugal.

The Machava glass factory and Nacala railway projects involve tripartite interests. Portugal will participate in the glass factory project with an investment of $36 million, in conjunction with Italy; while Portuguese participation

in the railway project (in which Canada is also a participant) will come to

more than $50 million.

These two projects are regarded by the Mozambican side as important, inasmuch

as on the one hand they promote Portuguese cooperation in a system of joint

participation together with other Western countries, while on the other hand they

open up opportunities for Portugal in the markets of the SADCC [Southern African

Development Coordination Conference]]» The Machava glass factory is the only

glass factory in any of the countries of this economic organization.

Matters relating to other economic projects in which Portugal is involved in

Mozambique will also be discussed in Lisbon. These projects apparently involve

a joint enterprise for the production of cotton and sisal, products which it is

said "can be exported to Portugal," as well as reactivation of a project for

the construction of prefabricated housing or proposals for creation of a joint

enterprise for development of the exports of both countries.

Portuguese products—which until 2 years ago were not present in the Mozambican

market—have also been acquiring great prestige: we have before us the example

of the success obtained in the rural areas by the textiles, canned foods,

machetes and hoes that were imported last year. Persons associated with the

agricultural marketing campaigns tell us that these campaigns "have benefited

from the presence of these Portuguese products as mediums of exchange."

Trade Balance in Portugal's Favor

Portugal last year granted a line of credit for the importation, by Mozambique,

of the aforementioned products, for a total value of $35 million. In addition

to the textiles and other consumer goods, medicines produced in Portugal were

also imported; and a Bank of Mozambique source told us it was thought "the transaction will be repeated" this year, "in view of the success obtained in 1982."

Portugal's favorable trade balance grew from 9^3t000 contos in 1981 to more

than 4 million contos in 1982.

It should also be stated that in the past 2 years there has been a substantial

increase in the number of Portuguese cooperators in Mozambique who cover areas

34
that range from agriculture, public health, education and housing to ports,

railways, light industry and energy. We were told at the Bank of Mozambique

that the overwhelming majority of "the Portuguese technical experts and businessmen have left a favorable impression." .__ __.

The number of Portuguese companies present in Mozambique is well above half a

hundred. Prominent among the companies cited to us were COBA (hydraulic engi*

neering), Agro-Promotora [Agricultural Development] (the area of industry and

water supply systems), QUIMEGAL (fertilizers), COMETENA, Soares da Costa and

Construcoes Tecnicas [Technical Structures] (housing and public works),

Marconi (communications), FAPOBOL (footwear), Riopele (textiles), and EstorilSol (tourism).

We were again assured that the military situation is quite promising, in that

positive developments have taken place in the past 6 months. It should be

noted that the rail lines linking Maputo and Beira to Zimbabwe—together with

the oil pipeline—have been operating normally.

Also on this level—as demonstrated by the importance accorded in the Mozambican press to the conclusion of the mission of the Portuguese military delegation that is returning this week to Lisbon after finalizing the project for

construction of what will be the first military barracks constructed in Mozambique since independence—there are expectations with respect to a strengthening of relations between the two nations and between their respective governments .

As Major Pinto Soares told EXPRESSO upon his departure for Lisbon, "this was

the first Portuguese military mission, and we are pleased that we have fulfilled that mission, raising the flag of cooperation with Mozambique." The

estimated cost of the project to construct these barracks for the training of

Mozambican troops—which is also scheduled to be the subject of current talks

in Lisbon—is approximately 1 million Portuguese contos.

Military Specialists From the USA?

President Samora Machel, who has demonstrated a personal commitment in respect

to military cooperation with Portugal, introduced this military delegation to

the American charge d'affaires during the reception held last Saturday in

commemoration of the anniversary of independence.

At the same time, Samora Machel praised the Portuguese example. He declared

that although Portugal also belongs to NATO it "is cooperating with us," and

then asked why "the United States does not send its military specialists."

Mozambican Ministry of Defense sources told us that the "work of the Portuguese

military engineering mission has impressed us greatly; they did not want to

impose preconceived formulas, and endeavored at every moment during their

labors to respond to our conditions and our objectives."

In the course of a dialogue last year with General Meneses on the subject of

military cooperation with Portugal, the Mozambican president spoke of the

35
importance that this cooperation has for Maputo. "As a member of NATO," he

said, "Portugal can be an interlocutor to testify to the absence of any

Mozambican aggressive goals in this region. Our central concern is to put an

end to hunger," Samora Machel added.

The contract for the military barracks construction project—a project which

involves the Portuguese Army and has been described as "the first major step

in military cooperation""-is due to be awarded shortly. The assumption is that

Portugal will be involved in the project, which—we were told by Major Pinto

Soares—will be supervised by Portuguese military experts. He added that the

project—as planned by his team—took "care to avoid, insofar as possible, the

use of critical materials so as not to compromise the progress of the construction work for lack of these very materials."

The military cooperation between Portugal and Mozambique is a source of great

pleasure to the Mozambican leaders', who believe it is the "best example of the

level of understanding that should characterize all areas of the relations

between the two nations." This point of view was also emphasized by a member

of the Mozambican cabinet in conversation with a Portuguese diplomat at the

Portugal Day reception, when he told the latter that "we should follow the

example of the military."

10992

CSO: 3^2/282

36
MOZAMBIQUE

COASTAL STUDIES BY BULGARIAN ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Jun 83 p 2

[Text] The second group of the Bulgarian zoological expedition which is now

in Mozambique to conduct scientific research of flora and fauna of our coast,

should leave for Cabo Delgado Province today. This group, made up of three

specialists, is part of a 16-man expedition and will remain among us for about

2 months.

The Bulgarian zoological expedition which will have the support of EMOFAUNA of

the Fauna and Forestry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Natural

History Museum and the Biology Department of Eduardo Mondlane University is

planning to conduct a detailed study of the species present on our country's

coast, including Mozambicanmammalogy (the study of mammals), insects and marine

plants.

In a statement to our newspaper by the chief of the expedition, Dr Peter Beron,

it was revealed that the intended research will be conducted mainly in the

provinces in the north of the country and that the main regions to be visited

are: Pemba, Mozambique Island and Nampula.

"We have vague knowledge about a variety of animals present in Mozambique,

especially in the northern area, and that is why we will begin our research

there. What we intend to do will not only benefit Bulgaria, but also Mozambique which, in spite of having this type of animals and plants, still cannot

develop sufficient knowledge about them," said the head of the Bulgarian zoological expedition.

In addition to the three specialists who will conduct this research, the expedition included several other experts: biologists Mikhail Iosifov and Vasil

Zlatarski, scientists Vladimir Beshkov (expert on reptiles), Nikolai Spassov

and Dr Vassil Ivanov.

According to Dr Peter Beron, one of the main reasons for these studies about

the flora and fauna of Mozambique, in addition to the existing cooperation

between our country and the People's Republic of Bulgaria, is to make known

to the two countries the type of animals and plants that exist in Mozambique

because "there is a variety of marine animals and plants that are not generally

known. There are some reptiles arid other rare species that are known only

empirically by the population of the areas where they live," he said.

37
Also the Presence of TV

The Bulgarian zoological expedition also has a cameraman specialized in taking

underwater pictures and a Bulgarian television crew which will closely accompany all the work to be conducted by that group.

The cameraman specialized in underwater pictures said: "After concluding the

work of investigation we will give one copy of the film to Mozambique and one

copy to the Bulgarian Museum of Natural History which will show the type of

plants and animals present in Mozambique. In addition my work, which is expected to last approximately 20 to 25 minutes, the television group will make

a more detailed film during the duration of the present study."

Another aspect discussed by the cameraman deals with . photographing not

only the subjects under investigation, but also the Mozambican landscape and

the small towns visited by the expedition. He said that "Mozambique'has

breathtakingly beautiful places, because it is a country extremely rich in

landscapes."

11634

CSO: 3442/290

38
MOZAMBIQUE

STUDENTS DESCRIBE EXPERIENCE IN CUBA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Jun 83 p 2

[Text] A group of 17 Mozambican students who are continuing their studies in

the Republic of Cuba, accompanied by three teachers, has just returned to

Mozambique for a vacation. They have been awarded the prize as the best

group from among the best students of the four Mozambican schools in that

friendly socialist country.

Selected among the best of the best students of each of the schools, the group

distinguished itself for participation in all school activities and for academic excellence, and were rewarded by a vacation trip home with all the expenses paid by the Cuban Government, within the framework of cooperation between Mozambique and that socialist country.

Although the school results in the four schools this year were much lower as

compared to the results of the 2 previous years, the group expressed satisfaction with the grades received and, especially by the prize of a trip home.

Tiago Horacio Silva, the teacher who heads the group, said during a meeting

without reporters yesterday, that his group is coming home for the first time

as a reward within the framework of socialist emulation which was held in the

four schools during the school year that just concluded.

It is expected that in the first 15 days of July another group of 100 students,

who were also awarded.prizes in the socialist emulation, will arrive in Maputo

to enjoy their vacations. The group that is already in the capital hopes to

be able to visit their relatives shortly. They are still awaiting orientation

from the highest MEC [Ministry of Education and Culture] officials.

Total Training

At our request, Jose Campira described briefly the manner in which the Mozambican students in Cuba are organized and the life they lead, in order to give

us an idea, even if a vague one, of how they are trained.

The first aspect discussed deals with the organization, which reveals that they

are organized in the classroom, dormitory and dining room. According to him,

the manner in which each student carries out his assigned tasks according to

the regulations, determines his standing in the socialist emulation.

39
"Above all is the book. Our main task is to study, but the manner in which

each one relates to others, how each one carries out his work, how he concerns himself with the well-being of all, this is what counts in the final

grade. To be considered a good student, the best student, it is necessary

to meet all the requirements that I mentioned, and it is not easy," Gapira

said emphatically.

After making this statement, this student said that every week the students

of the four schools get together for hikes, sports, or cultural meetings, In

addition to this system, young people meet regularly to exchange points of

view about current events in our country and even on the continent.

In this connection Jose Campira reported that Mozambican students have been

in permanent contact with students of Angolan, Congolese, Guinean and Namibian

schools. During these meetings for recreation or to exchange impressions about

matters of the continents, the students had very exciting moments.

"Our training is total, we learn not only matters of science and technology,

but mainly human relations between us and young people of other nationalities."

he said with a big smile showing his immense joy at having returned home.

11634

CSO: 3442/290

40
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

BOTSWANA COOPERATION IN TRANSPORT COMMUNICATION—During a visit to Mozambique,

Minister Blackbeard held talks on cooperation in transportation and communication,

and confirmed the assumption that Botswana would use the Matola Port for exporting

coal and the Maputo for importing products needed in their country, namely, steel

rails to repair a railroad line. Besides the talks held with Minister Al_cantara

Santos on bilateral cooperation between the_two countries in the SADDC j/South

African Development Coordination Conference/ sphere, Colin Blackbeard also

discussed topics relating to cooperation in the field of aerial telephonic

communications and by telex. Blackbeard visited the Maputo, Matola and Beira

Ports as also the Naval School and LAM. Minister Blackbeard seems very

interested in utilizing Matola iron equipment for exporting Botswana coal,

insofar as Mozambique offers facilities and means which do not now exist in

other regional installations. The Matola Port can, on short time limit, export

5 million more tons of coal, which combined with the railroad tariffs the

railroads tended, put it in a favorable position compared to others. Botswana

will soon begin to exploit an important coal mine, posing for the government

and the enterprise engaged in production, the problem of better ways of placing

this mineral on the international markets. As learned, the Botswana Government

prefers Mozambique whose Matola Port will soon undergo improvements ensuring

from an investment promised by the United States. /_Text/ /Maputo TEMPO in

Portuguese No 66, 19 Jun 83 pp 6, Jj 8870

BULGARIA FOOD, MEDICINE DONATION—The traditional relations of friendship and

solidarity between the Mozambican and Bulgarian People were recently reconfirmed

through a significant offer of food products and medicine. A special ship with

a 3,200-ton load arrived in our country on the day before opening the Fourth

Frelimo Party Congress. The total value of the Bulgarian gift was 200,000

contos expressed in canned goods, wine, cosmetics, cigarettes and medicine.

Also in the area of support for the Congress undertakings, Bulgaria presented

briefcases, paper, clocks and bicycles. In another solidarity gesture for the

George Dimitrov Centenary, the Bulgarian Government presented a physics laboratory

intended for the Dimitrov barrio school and which will be installed in the Eduardo

Mondlane University's Physics and Mathematics Department. Gestures such as

these—as Simeon Krastev, press attache at the Bulgarian Embassy in Matola,

remarked—reflect the development of the Bulgarian people's development of

solidarity awareness for the Mozambican people. According to this diplomat,

solidarity undertakings run side by side with bilateral cooperation, which is

now reaching its full meaning. The most privileged cooperation areas are

41
agriculture and road construction in which important agreements are involved.

Many of the Bulgarian collaborators who are in our country are interested in

agricultural projects. Bulgaria was among the first countries to establish

diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of Mozambique and ever since

then political economic and cultural cooperation has increased to their mutual

benefit. /Text/ /Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese No 662, 19 Jun 83 pp 7,8/ 8870

DUTCH EQUIPMENT—A source of the Mozambican Dredging Enterprice (EMODRAGA) has

announced that the first shipment of equipment purchased by our country from

Holland for the rehabilitation of the Ports of Maputo and Beira within the

framework of the projects envisaged by the SADCC [Southern African Development

Coordination Council] are already in Maputo since last weekend. It consists

of two dredgers which will be used to maintain depth along the coastal ports,

maneuver basins and anchorage areas. Estimated at about 16 million florins,'

approximately 240 million meticals, the equipment also includes terminal and

coupling tractors for horizontal moving of freight at Beira Port, and also

five articulated arms to handle dredged material (mud) and radio equipment for

port operations. The EMODRAGA source also revealed that the equipment intended

for the Beira Port is already on the way to that city on board one of the ships

that brought the freignt from Holland to our country, and it is expected today

at the capital of Sofala Province. The official of this state enterprise told

our reporter that the beginning of operations of the equipment is expected

soon, and that additional equipment is expected to arrive in a few months.

Also to be concluded is a project for total action for the rehabilitation'of

the two largest Mozambican ports which it is hoped will greatly contribute to

the implementation of the SADCC projects. The dredgers are of back hoedredger

type each weighing close to 450 tons. They were purchased from Holland by

EMODRAGA within the framework of the projects for the revitalization of

Mozambican ports through which products of the nine countries members of the

SADCC pass. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Jun 83 p 2] 11634

U.S. DROUGHT AID--At Maputo Port workers have since yesterday been unloading

7,500 tons of maize and 4,000 tons of rice which constitute the first consignment of a donation from the people of the United States in support of the

drought-stricken people in our country. According to the newspaper NOTICIAS,

this donation comes in the wake of a delivery agreement signed in April this

year m the Mozambique capital. It also represents that country's response to

the appeal made by the Mozambique Government to support the drought-stricken

people in Mozambique. The whole donation is 15,000 tons of maize, 8,000 tons

of rice and 240 of protein-enriched milk. The national director of trade

economy in the Ministry of Home Trade, Carlos Carvalho, said that the consignment that has been delivered will be distributed to Maputo and Inhambane pro9«n

T

e

^JieXt] CMB28°

923

^

nt°Domestic Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT t-o Jul öjj

NATIONALS, FOREIGNERS DETAINED-A total of 30 Mozambican nationals and 4

foreigners have been detained in the city of Quelimane in the framework of

the second phase of Operation Production. A spokesman for the Zambezia

Provincial Operational Command said that after the cases of the Mozambican

nationals had been analyzed it was discovered that some of them were outlaws,

42

I
vagrants, and black marketeers, and there were also cases of people who

promoted prostitution. Regarding the foreign nationals, one of them had

false documents, and another tried to make false statements to enable an

unemployed female citizen to evade Operation Production jurisdiction. [Text]

[MB281310 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 28 Jul 83]

ITALIANS SIGN HEALTH AGREEMENT—-Mozambique and Italy yesterday signed an

agreement to boost cooperation in the field of public health. Under the

agreement, Italian health specialists will be based in Mozambique for 3 years,

during which they will assist in training Mozambique personnel. Italy will

also grant scholarships to Mozambicans for specializing in various health

courses in Italian institutions, and will give help in getting equipment to

improve working conditions in Mozambican health centers. The agreement was

signed by Mozambique's health minister, Dr Pascual Mocumbi, and the director

general of cooperation in the Italian Foreign Ministry, (Giorgio Giacomeli).

Mr (Giacomeli) arrived in Maputo last Monday for a 10-day working visit to

Mozambique. During his stay, Mr (Giacomeli) will inspect the progress of joint

Italian-Mozamibican projects. Italy is involved in a wide range of joint

projects, including the construction of the (Corromana) and (Pequenos Libombos)

dams in Maputo Province, and various [word indistinct] and industrial projects.

[Text] [Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 31 Jul 83 MB]

CSO: 3400/1703

43
SENEGAL

IDA CREDIT APPROVED FOR SENEGAL

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 9-10 Jul 83 p 3

[Text] The International Development Association [IDA], an institution

affiliated with the World Bank [IBRD] which provides funds on generous terms,

announced today the approval of a loan to Senegal of 10.2 million SDR [Special

Drawing Rights] ($11 million), or about Fr CFA 3.8 billion, to help it increase

the efficiency of its state-owned enterprises, according to the World Bank's

resident mission in Dakar.

The program intended to reform the state-owned enterprises by the adoption of

planning contracts which establish the objectives they should attain and

confers on them greater autonomy in management will be further strengthened by

the second project of technical assistance to the semi-public sector. Twelve

major semi-public enterprises, including public utility services and

transportation monopolies, will benefit from technical assistance in diagnostic

studies and the elaboration of action plans which are considered to be

essential preconditions for the implementation of effective planning contracts.

So that these enterprises will be able to implement some of the recommendations

of these consultants rapidly, they will receive funds to enable them to finance

the importation of spare parts and other equipment of which there is urgent

need.

The IDA loan will also contribute to financing the auditing of the accounts of

10 major industrial enterprises as well as assistance in accounting and

auditing of special accounts in 30 smaller enterprises. The experts will also

help the Association of Chartered Accountants to draw up new legislation

establishing standard norms for auditing and accounting.

Technical advisers will be seconded to each of the oversight organs named below

that are involved with the semi-public sector; the Central Accounting Agency in

the Ministry of Finance, the president's office of Financial Control, the

directorate of automatic data processing and the organization and techniques

bureau. Also to be financed are studies on the organization, management and

performance of the semi-public sector.

Senegal will contribute $1 million to the project.

The IDA credit' is to be paid back over a 50-year period, with a 10-year grace

period. It carries no interest but does carry a nominal service charge (0.5

percent on undisbursed proceeds and 0.75 percent on the disbursed proceeds).

9516 44

CSO: 3419/1072
SENEGAL

RESULTS OF JOINT CANADIAN-SENEGALESE COMMISSION MEETING

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 30 Jun 83 p 2

[Excerpt] The Joint Canadian-Senegalese Cooperation Commission finished its

current session the day before yesterday in Ottawa. The closing session was

presided over by the two foreign ministers, Mr Charles Lapointe and Moustapha

Niasse.

The work of the joint commission resulted in the signing of a general bilateral

agreement concerning development cooperation. The proceedings were written up

into official minutes incorporating the decisions made on the various projects

discussed.

In retrospect it can be considered that our Canadian partners reaffirmed their

commitment to the development of Senegal and their willingness to encourage and

support the efforts made by our head of state, President Abdou Diouf, in that

connection.

The many signs of concern noted during the session, the various meetings, the

official gesture and in particular the presentation of the Senegalese

delegation to the Canadian Parliament while it was in session with the prime

minister in attendance, certainly showed Canada* s interest in Senegal and its

concerns.

The same interest could be seen in the talks held between the head of the

Senegalese delegation, the state minister for foreign affairs, and the

Governor General of Canada, His Excellency Mr Edward Shreyer, in the latter's

residence on Friday morning, in the presence of the Senegalese Ambassador to

Ottawa and the Canadian Ambassador to Dakar. Subjects discussed at that time .

included questions of rural development, city and town water projects, the

projects now under way to dam the Senegal River, the Senegalese Government's

irrigation policy, and possibilities of cooperation with Canada in these

various areas.

There is no doubt that this meeting of, the joint commission will be decisive

for Senegal and for Canada in their joint effort to create and consolidate a

dynamic web of solidarity, one which they want to be solid and exemplary. The

upcoming visit to Canada of the head of state, Mr Abdou Diouf, will offer a

unique opportunity to confirm that determination and to set up the means to

realize that aim.

9516

CSOJ 3419/1072

45
SENEGAL

AND-JEF-MRDN DISASSOCIATES ITSELF FROM OPPOSITION RESOLUTION

Dakar TAKUSAAN in French 28 Jun 83 p 8

[Text] A document entitled "Resolution of the Joint Meeting of Opposition

Parties Held at Thies on 14 June 1983" published by TAKUSAAN in its edition of

Wednesday 15 June 1983 and, according to our sources, subsequently disseminated

by the FDS [Senegalese Democratic Party], carries after the notation "Signed"

the initials of eight political parties, including And-Jef-MRDN [AND-JEF

Revolutionary Movement for a New Democracy].

The authors of that "Resolution" thus leave the impression that AND-JEF-MRDN is

a signatory of the document.

The AND-JEF-MRDN permanent bureau wishes to make the following clarifications:

At the joint meeting of 4 June 1982 in Thies, the PDS read a "proposed

resolution" to be submitted for the approval of the meeting participants.

Our organization, which had not been previously informed of such an initiative,

stated in its remarks at the meeting that the "proposed resolution" should

receive further study in order to better reflect the current concerns of the

people.

After the meeting, contrary to the expectations of our movement, the "proposed

resolution" was not submitted by the PDS for discussion and possible amendment.

Under these conditions, its publication in our view only represents the

opinions of PDS, which, by describing AND-JEF-MRDN as among the signatories,

strikes a rude blow at the unity of action of the Senegalese opposition.

For its part, AND-JEF-MRDN disassociates itself from the resolution

disseminated by PDS, both from the point of view of its substance and from the

standpoint of the methods used.

Our organization, though fully supporting the demands of the customs workers

for better working conditions, cannot agree that the latter are "the vanguard

of our struggle for development," as the PDS document contends. In our view,

it is the working class in the first instance and the poor Senegalese peasantry

that are spearheading the economic struggle, but their efforts toward national

46
development are crushed by the actions of the exploitative imperialist and

neo-colonial forces. The current strike of the workers at Taiba is a new and

clearcut demonstration of this.

We sincerely hope that such actions harmful to the unity of action of the

oppostion will not recur in the future.

Done in Dakar, 20 June 1983

The Permanent Bureau of AND-JEF Revolutionary Movement for a New Democracy.

9516

CSO: 3419/1072

47
SOUTH AFRICA

UNITED STATES POLICY IN CENTRAL AMERICA DISCUSSED

MB290918 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 29 Jul 83

[Station commentary: "The U.S. Response to Central America"]

[Text] In December 1975 when the American Congress thwarted an administration

initiative to go to the aid of groups threatened by the Soviet/Cuban offensive

in Angola, Dr Henry Kissinger accused it of having paralyzed the foreign policy

of the United States. Today it is generally acknowledged that the event signaled

the biggest strategic setback the West has ever experienced in Africa. The

result was that a Marxist movement was allowed to gain power in Angola by force,

is still in power, though unrecognized by the United States, and is still being

propped up by Cuban troops who, in Washington's own view, represent an insurmountable obstacle to a peaceful settlement in South-West Africa.

If that scenario is about to be repeated in Central America the repercussions

could well change the course of world affairs. In April President Reagan

warned congress that if America could not defend its allies on its own doorstep,

its credibility as an ally throughout the world would be suspect, and Africa,

particularly Southern Africa, will be among the first to experience the effects.

At a critical time in the Central American affair, American political attitudes

are increasingly divided on how best to respond to it. President Reagan's reply

has been dramatic. He has ordered a major naval exercise off the Nicaraguan

coast, big enough to blockade the country, and army maneuvers by some 4,000

troops in Honduras.

The result of this and previous actions has been uproar among the president's

critics in the congress. They accuse him of being prepared to involve the

United States in another Vietnam war. The suggestion is that American counteraction to Soviet expansionism in Central America will draw the United States

into a protracted and unwinnable war, which ultimately will be resolved anyway

in favor of the Soviet Union. The implied willingness to accept the creation,

through subversion of existing governments, of another batch of Soviet

satellites, this time virtually on the United States border, spells disaster

for the Third World.

48
It is precisely that attitude that led to the reversals of the Carter era,

to the outspokenly expressed disillusionment of Africa leaders with the

United States, and to an accommodation among many to Soviet initiatives on

the continent. That reaction has still not yet been altogether dispelled.

President Kaunda of Zambia, for example, who was once prepared to describe

the Cuban troops in Angola as the plundering cubs of the Soviet Union,

now professes to see no threat in their continued presence in the country.

In Southern Africa one clear effect of a victory for capitulation in American

politics will be the destruction of any prospects of a Cuban withdrawal and

hence of a peaceful international settlement for South-West Africa. Such are

the stakes in the American political controversy over Central America. This

time the country has a leader who is highly conscious of the threat, determined to counter it, and shrewd in his dealings with opponents. On his

winning the domestic battle depends the comeback that he initiated in the

conflict being waged in the international arena.

CSO: 3400/1706

49
SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI SEEN AS FACTOR IN POWER EQUATION

Stockholm SVENSKA DAGBLADET in Swedish 9 Jul 83 p 5

[Text] The chieftain, Gatsha Buthelezi, is one of the most

controversial, "but also most significant of today's political

personalities in South Africa.

On the one hand he is deeply disliked by the government, and most people

laugh at his resistance to the independence of tribal areas. At the same time

he is condemned from the other side by most blacks for being a "collaborator"

and a "South African Muzorewa."

But Buthelezi has a special place and a key position in black politics. He is

the prime minister in his tribal land, KwaZulu, and the president of Inkatha,

the Zulu people's "cultural liberation movement."

Inkatha is the driving force behind South Africa's Black Alliance, Saba, which

is an umbrella organization consisting of Inkatha, the leading party in the

small tribal land, KaNgwane, and the Reform Party, which represents interests

among the Indian middle class, and.which has left the Indian Council, a

racially segregationist organization created by the government.

At the beginning of the year, the colored workers party, LP, was excluded from

South Africa's Black Alliance because the party had surprisingly said that it

was willing to cooperate with the government in its attempt to create new

separate constitutional agreements with coloreds, Indians, and whites, while

excluding 2k million Africans.

Many Members

Inkatha has a considerable and impressive grassroots organization among more

than five million Zulu-speaking blacks — the largest single ethnic group

in South Africa — and it claims to have 750,000 members. Even if the figure

is greatly exaggerated, the following facts remain:

- Inkatha has more members than what the African National Congress (ANC) ever

had in its'heyday in the 1950's when black politics was about on the same level.

50
- The membership is many times larger than any of the other radical political

organizations that build upon black consciousness such as, for example,

Azapo (Azanian People's Organization) with a few thousand members, or the

so-called "Progressive Democratic Organization," which takes a benevolent

position toward the banned ANC.

- Inkatha has a well-organized and well-structured movement in the country

and in the cities. Almost half of the Zulu people live in Transvaal and Kap.

But the tribal lands in the rural parts of Natal are the KwaZulus' strongest

base.

Buthelezi's power is therefore based both on the structure in the tribal

KwaZulu land and on the Zulu movement, Inkatha.

Inkatha wants to have a unified, nonracist South Africa in which the majority

rules the country according to the principle, one man, one vote. But one will

also have the right to protect regional, ethnic, and minority interests.

Inkatha's goal is reminiscent of ANC's and the newly formed United Democratic

Front (UDF), which supports ANC together with the National Forum (NF), an

organization for black consciousness. But there are important differences in

strategy and tactics to reach the goal:

- Inkatha believes in nonviolence and opposes ANC's "armed struggle."

- Inkatha does not believe in economic weapons such as, for example, the

sanctions that ANC argues for. Here ANC has the silent support of almost all

radical black groups in Africa.

In his capacity as a former leader in ANC's youth organization, Buthelezi claims

that his present strategy is a continuation of the guidelines that former ANC

leaders drew up.

But the black political situation has changed radically within South Africa

since ANC and the Pan African Congress (PAC) were banned in i960. The political

vacuum that arose was filled for a decade by Steve Biko's movement, which was

based on black consciousness. Biko died in prison in 1977- The younger generation was very critical of parts of ANC's strategy and policy. Biko particularly

opposed Blacks working together in ethnically composed legislative groups in

tribal lands or in cities. He warned that this would lead to the black

opposition being split up according to tribal or racial membership.

Bitter Struggle

During the past decade, Buthelezi and the black radicals have fought a bitter

struggle, and Buthelezi and his movement are isolated today from the main

stream of the black political opposition to racial segregation.

51
Just a few years ago, relations between Buthelezi and the ANC leaders in

exile were cordial, and in the middle of the 1970's he was praised by leaders

of the front states. But after a summit meeting in London between the leaders

of ANC and Inkatha four years ago, contact was broken off.

Buthelezi attacked the "Marxist" ANG, which was accused of wanting to kill

Buthelezi. Buthelezi emphasized the strong bond between the ANC and South

Africa's communist party under white leadership.

Buthelezi claims that his strategy of attacking the system of racial segregation from "within" has led to two big successes:

- Recognition of the independence of the largest tribal land, that of the

KwaZulus, has been prevented. Privately the ANC leaders admitted that if

Buthelezi had agreed to the tribal land becoming independent it would have

meant a blow that would have taken decades for the blacks to recover from.

- Buthelezi's resistance forced the government to give up plans to cede the

whole KaNgwane and Zulu area of Ingwavuma to Swaziland. This was a great

psychological defeat for the government.

But Buthelezi's critics point out that up to now he has not been able to

mobilize his people to buying boycotts and strikes. And in 1979 he received

Prime Minister P.W. Botha as a hero in his capital, Ulundi, and this gave Botha

an unprecedented international credibility. Moreover, the critics claim that

Inkatha members seldom or never are persecuted by the police, something that

the other black organizations are constantly afflicted by.

No matter what, it is clear that neither "inside" nor "outside" strategies

have been rich in successes in preventing the government from establishing

racially segregated areas.

In summary, it can definitely be said that Buthelezi and his Inkatha movement

make up a reality in South Africa's political life. They are a minority, but

still an important factor. Neither the government nor the radical black groups

can achieve a complete success without reckoning with Buthelezi. The phenomenon

of Buthelezi stresses the fact that there is an ethnic reality that cannot be

whisked away by either pure Marxist theorists or Christian moralists.

912k

CSO: 3>t98/ll

52
SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG ON LOCAL AUTHORITIES ACT

MB011801 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 1 Aug 83

[Station commentary]

[Text] After 3 years of preparation and wide-range negotiations, the Black

Local Authorities Act comes into force today. It is the product of a process

in which an apparently intractable problem has been turned into a fair and

logical answer to the aspirations of the people and the requirements of the

country. The need for greater autonomy for urban black communities in the

overall constitutional development had long been apparent. Particular

difficulties in the way of realizing that objective have been identified

and solutions presented and the general context in which the new institutions will fit into the larger constitutional pattern has been clarified.

Thus, today is the official starting day for campaigns throughout the country

for elections in November that will transform partially self-governing

community councils into fully fledged local authorities.

The place of urban black people is the biggest remaining issue in creating

a constitutional order that provides for meaningful political participation

for all communities. More than a quarter of the members of the black national

and independent states live and work in the republic's urban areas. Their

presence there is permanent, economic needs dictated, and by the same token,

they numbers will grow in years to come. For most, family, cultural, and

national affinities remain powerful bonds. They maintain close ties with

their national states. And at the same time, their present situation and

future prospects are determined largely by the environment in which they

are permanently resident and employed.

The need for representative institutions through which they may influence

that environment has always been recognized. The development of such institutions to the status of city and town councils has been an evolutionary

process. The new local authorities take over from community councils, which

were preceded by urban Bantu councils and before that by advisory boards.

Each board has had more power and been more representative than its predecessor. That process in itself has helped to solve one of the difficulties in

making this last transition—that of building an adequate pool of people

vested in the arts of local government.

53
But the requirement that local authorities should be economically viable

presents a problem for which implementation of solutions has begun much more

recently. Traditionally built as dormitory towns, the black townships have

grown up without any significant commercial or industrial activity, which

provides most of the income of other local authorities. Their residents

spend their incomes largely in neighboring white towns, so contributing to

their revenues. That is changing. But many times, sources of additional

finance and means of cooperating with the adjoining municipalities will

have to be created.

The dualism in a situation of the urban black creates legitimate political

demands stemming from both the homeland and the urban ties. The first are

accommodated in the provisions for him to vote in the elections of his

national state. The second are partly satisfied by the creation of local

authorities, and it is envisaged that his political involvement in wider

social and economic issues affecting him will be catered for in the evolution toward confederation of Southern African states. A cabinet committee

is now working on the details of such an accommodation in a framework providing for effective political participation, while entrenching community

security. The final stages in the long and involved process toward that

goal are now being reached.

CSO: 3400/1713

54
SOUTH AFRICA

AZANIAN STUDENTS WARN DET OF SCHOOL BOYCOTT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jul 83 p 1

[Article by Mono Badela]

[Text] fTHß ÄZÄNIÄN Students' Movement told a

meeting of about 500

parents and students in

fSoweto yesterday that

Sthere was a risk of the

i events of June 16, 1976

being repeated if the

problems at Ibhongo

tfiSgh School were not

resolved.

In defiance of a directive from the Departement of Training and

Education at the week-

-end, the students told

fethe meeting at St Hilda's

Anglican Church, Senaoane, that all the 1250

pupils at Ibhongo should

'report back atschool today and ignore a call by

the Det that they should

jStart enrolling at various

points as from Wednes-

"day.

The Rev Joe Seoka of

St Hilda's gave a brief

report-of the proceedJings of a meeting between parents and officials ofBet heldin Jabuiani onSaturday.

At this meeting the

parents had asked the

IDitto reopenthe school

today and re-admit all

kt h e students

\ unconditionally. They

asked that none be vici timised. He said the par-

| ents had condemnedthe

\principal, Mr R T

Venter for^summoning

1 the police last week

i when tear-smoke was

t fired at the students. Mr

^Venter had denied that

he called the police.

Mr Seoka said the isf sue of Ibhongo was

highly volatile and full

\ of all possibilities. The

I directive that parents

should accompany their

t children to points as

i front Wednesday was

; seen as an attempt by

Det to divide the pupils.

There was also fear that

some of the students

may be victimised.

The meeting also decided that any parent

who accompanied their

children to the various

points would be seen as

breaking the spirit of the

defiance.

Classes at Ibhongo

were disrupted last week

when students, rejected

the presence of the principal, Mr Venter. The

school was closedfor the

week by the department.

The following arrangements were made

by the Regional Office

that Det staff would be

on duty at selected venues to hold personal

; discussions with parents

who are asked to bring

their children or child

with them.

The whole of

Wednesday, July 20,

Thursday and Friday

have been set aside and

parents are welcome to

call at any time between

10am and 5pm.

CSO: 3400/667

55
SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI PRESIDENT'S FEUD WITH BROTHER EXAMINED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jul 83 p 4

[Editorial: "Sebe Has a Great Fall!'1]

[Text] THE "CRACKS arOieginning to?

show iff the Ciskei, perhaps because'

there has been a tendency for somes

people there to assume almost messianic tendencies to leadership. Peor*» imcuieotenant General Charles

Sebe.. >"':.;-;.

It is perhaps the best news for the

people of the Ciskei that internal

dissent in its leadership has forced

President Lennox Sebe to have the

awesome spread of power-drunk

wings clipped in people like General

Sebe. '■■

Reports say that Lt-Gen Charles

Sebe, whir has wielded awesome

authority m the Ciskei, has fallen

from his pedestal ofpower..

He will now head the newly created Ciskei National Intelligence

Services (CNIS), which is moulded

on the South African National Intelligence Services (NIS), formerly

BOSS.

According to President Sebe, the

new portfolio divested the general of

all powers of arrest and thus robbed

him of the clout that made him the

most feared man in the Ciskei —

with powers to detain, ban and banish arbitrarily.

President Sebe returned hurriedly

from his Israel trip to a tense Ciskei

simmering with the feud between

the Sebe brothers, Charles, Lennox

and Transport Minister Namba,

who has sided with General Sebe

against his brother. President Sebe's

return created rumours that this

may fan the flames of speculation

regarding the Sebe feud.

The restructuring of the police

has meant an end to the so-called

Combined Forces which placed all

the police, military and security

forces under General Sebe. -

General Sebe has alarmed a lot of

people with his intense, if myopic ;

view of dissent in general, and the

part that he believes Moscow is playing in destabilising places like the;

Ciskei. It was not only a frightening

exercise but there was the element of

buffoonery almost similar to what

Idi Amin did in his heyday. Such

men with their jackboot methods

and gravely prescribed world views

are extremely dangerous.

The internal feuding in the Ciskei

was perhaps inevitable for there

were too many chiefs amongst the

Indians. In any event we believe this

is one of the best things to have hap*

pened to the Ciskei.

The sad truth is the almost insanely power-hungry kind of man is

not peculiar only to Ciskei. We have

the same kind of breed in the Transkei and in Venda. Security measures

of control in these areas are in fact

bizarre.

While most people have fears that

the revolution will start in the mainland, that is in South Africa, the

56
truth is that these men are sowing

, the kind of seed that is simply

j begging for revolutionary tendencies.

The ruthlessness in which these men

^pursue their policies is compounded

'by a massive sense of guilt.

There are also ru.nours that corruption is rife in these areas. Such

terrain is simply ripe for overt dissent and South Africa is the only

place that has the leverage to stop

these men from their dangerous actions.

CSO: 3400/667

57
SOUTH AFRICA

PLANS TO ESTABLISH RSA UNITY GROUP ANNOUNCED

MB011631 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 1 Aug 83

[Text] It has been confirmed that the United Democratic Front [UDF] is to

be officially formed on August 20. Confirmation has come at a Johannesburg

news conference this morning. Organizers of the national movement, representing black, colored, and Indian community organizations committed to

fighting for a united South Africa, say plans for the launching are well

advanced. They announced the UDF would be established as a national movement in Cape Town. Albertina Sisulu, a spokesperson for the UDF:

[Begin recording] The UDF draws inspiration from the overwhelming support

and commitment of the people, and we announce a national launching of the

United Democratic Front in Cape Town on August 20, 1983. This historic

event is the culmination of the first phase of this process. It is a

tangible manifestation of the indomitability of the people and is the main

thrust on the long road to freedom. [end recording]

Recently unbanned Albertina Sisulu, who is the president of the National

Federation of Women.

CSO: 3400/1713

58
SOUTH AFRICA

HOMELANDS CONDUCIVE TO RACIAL HARMONY

MB011142 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 1 Aug 83

[Text] The chairman of SABRA, the South African Bureau for Racial Affairs,

Professor Boshoff, says the long-term solution to the problem of creating

racial harmony in South Africa is to give coloreds and Indians their own

homelands. Prof Boshoff made the statement in a television program in

which the MP for Pretoria Central, Mr Louis Nel, also participated. Mr

Nel, who is a member of SABRA, in turn, said SABRA had never conducted a

scientific investigation into the practical viability of homelands for

coloreds and Indians.

In support of his view, Prof Boshoff said that if coloreds and Indians had

their own homelands, racial discrimination in South Africa would gradually

disappear. Mr Nel said the idea of homelands for coloreds and Indians was

an academic day dream. He said the government was seeking a realistic system

in which coloreds and Indians could preserve their identities and realize

their ambitions. Prof Boshoff said the proposed new constitutional reforms

of the government were only a short-term solution to the problem of racial

harmony. Mr Nel said large numbers of coloreds and Indians were prepared

to work together for a constitution which would acknowledge separate communities.

CSO: 3400/1713

59
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ORLANDO EAST SHACKS—ORLANDO East shacks will no longer be demolished but

families will only be allowed to keep a single shack, the chairman of the

Soweto Council, Mr David Thebehali told a meeting yesterday. The meeting,

held at the DOCC, was packed by elderly people most of whom had been ferried

to the hall in buses and comprised mainly members of Sofasonke Party and Mr

Thebehali's own All Nations Guard. Although families would be allowed to keep

a single shack, he said, the council has stipulated that it should be used by

family members and should not be hired out. The other shack dwellers from

Orlando East would be moved to the Fred Clarke where 500 shacks were in the

process of being built. An additional 500 shacks would also be built in

Tladi. The meeting marked one of the very rare occasions when Mr Thebehali

has addressed a public meeting in Soweto and co-incided with the recent announcement of the sale of houses. The announcement about the shacks is a

reversal of the decision taken by the Council and the West Rand Administration

Board (Wrab) to demolish the shacks. "People will be allowed to use shacks

while more houses are being built," he said. He launched a scathing and relentless personal attack on Mr Ambition Brown who has been active in the fight

against the demolishing of the shacks. [Text] IJohannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jul 83 p 2]

TRANSVAAL UDF MEETING—THE principle of establishing a national United Democratic Front (UDF) body that will consolidate the fight and opposition against

the proposed Constitutional Bill, and the three Koornhof Bills was formally

adopted at a Transvaal UDF general council meeting at the weekend. The meeting, which was attended by more than 150 delegates representing some 40 worker, church, civic, community, political, students, cultural and women organisations, was held at Khotso house in Johannesburg. Seeing that there now

exist in the country four regional bodies of the UDF, it was agreed to consolidate and forge ahead with the establishment of a more broadly based permanent national body. A mass rally will be held in Johannesburg next month and

this meeting would be jointly organised on behalf of the UDF by the Transvaal

Indian Congress, Anti-President Council and the Anti-Community Council Committee. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jul 83 p 5]

FARE INCREASES HIT—THE rail fare increases announced by the Minister of

Transport Affairs, Mr Hendrick'Schoeman, have been strongly criticised by

black community leaders. The leaders said the increases discriminated against

the most poorly paid section of the community. The increases come into effect

60
on August 1. They feature the following: An average rail fare rise of 6,5

percent; an increase of 10 percent on weekly third class tickets and 5 percent

on monthly third rates; a flat 5 percent increase on both monthly and weekly

first class tariffs; no increase on single-ride tickets, in order to encourage

travel in off-peak periods and an average 4 percent rise on air fares. It is

believed that in increasing third class tariffs more sharply than monthly

rates, the Government is hoping to encourage people to buy monthly tickets to

relieve pressure at ticket offices. A Federation of South African Women's

spokesman said that the increase will seriously affect people who still earn

below the breadline. They have already been subjected to maize, rent and milk

prices recently. Azapo's publicity secretary Mr Ishmael Mkhabela has said

that it was the oppressed and exploited section of the community which was

being forced to bear the brunt of the economic ills of apartheid. Several

other people including trade unions such as the Federation of South African

Trade Unions and the Council of Unions of South Africa, have condemned the

hikes. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 18 Jul 83 p 5]

PEOPLE MOVE FROM KRUGERSDORP—Hundreds of people living in Krugersdorp are to

be removed from their homes. South Africa's government says it will move the

people to (Munsiesville) in Krugersdorp to (Kgagiso) outside the Transvaal

town. Krugersdorp town clerk (Kobus Nieuwoudt) says 2 million rand has been

set aside. The money is to allow the West Rand Administration Board to

implement the resettlement scheme. (Nieuwoudt) says initial planning of

services for 2,000 houses have been completed at the new township. There

has been no comment yet from community leaders in the area. [Text] [MB251407

Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT 25 Jul 83]

CROSSROADS PASS RAIDS—There has been yet another pass raid on the Crossroads

squatter camp by officials of the Western Administration Board. From

Cape Town here is Beattie Hofmeyer. [Hofmeyer] Crossroads has been raided

every day this week. Many people were arrested today and more than 200 are

still in prison from the previous raid. The raid happened at about 0700.

Twenty vans and armored vehicles surrounded a section of Crossroads. According to eyewitnesses, officials kicked in doors and dragged people to the vans.

They said police also searched the houses for weapons. No one at the

Administration Board was prepared to comment on the raid. [Text] [MB281027

Umtata Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 28 Jul 83]

ISRAELI AIRCRAFT SCIENTIST—The man behind the development of Israel's devastating Kfir C-2 supersonic combat aircraft arrived in South Africa this week.

Professor Josef Singer, one of the world's foremost aeronautical scientists

and president of the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology in Haifa, is

here to seek financial support for advanced laser research. He will also

establish high-level contacts at universities. [Excerpt] [MB010843

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 31 Jul 83 p 11 MB]

CSO: 3400/1706

61
SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

TAIWAN CORN SUPPLIES—China has given 988 tons of white maize as drought relief

to Swaziland. The Chinese ambassador to Swaziland, Mr Chou Tung Hua, will hand

over the consignment to the Ministry of Agriculture next Wednesday. The maize

started coming in early this month by trucks from South Africa and is stored

at the Ngwempisi Rural Development silos near Mankaynae where the hand-over

ceremony will be conducted. The principal secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Mr Arthur Khoza, said the maize would be distributed throughout the

country to the hardest-hit families. The distribution will be conducted by

committees in the districts chaired by district officers. The silos at Ngwempisi

are part of a general national programme passed by parliament during the last

session. [Excerpt] [MB010514 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 29 Jul 83

p 1 MB]

CSO: 3400/1706

62
ZAMBIA

EDITOR RETURNS FROM DPRK

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 12 Jul 83 p 5

[Text] ZAMBIA Daily Mail Editor-in-Chief Mr. Komani Kachinga arrived back

yesterday afternoon from Pyong-Yang where he went to attend the World Conference of Journalists against imperialism and for friendship and peace.

Mr. Kachinga was with two other representatives from the African National

Congress of South Africa CANC) and SWAPO.

Speaking shortly after his arrival at the Lusaka International Airport, Mr.

Kachinga said the Conference had called for unity among journalists in the

Third World in the fight against imperialism.

He said the Conference emphasised on the need for the journalists in the developing countries to educate society on the machinations of imperialism in

the world.

He pointed out that it was important for the journalists in the Third World to

be revolutionaries in order to fight reactionaries.

On the global problems, Mr. Kachinga said the Conference had reiterated the

danger of the threat of a nuclear third world war, adding that journalists had

a duty to fight this threat before hand through their pens.

He pointed out that the Conference which was attended by over 120 delegates

from different countries was a great success in all intended aspects.

CSO: 3400/1668

63
NCSR, UNZA ASKED TO HELP FIRMS USE LOCAL RAW MATERIALS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 12 Jul 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[Text] THE National

Council for Scientific -Research

(NCSR) and I he

University of Zambia must help companies modify their

equipment to use

local raw materials

to cut down on

dependence on imported resources,

Prime Minister

Mundia said in

Lusaka yesterday.

He said it was

necessary for the council

to carry out experiments

and produce models on a

large commercial scale.

Mr Mundia said this when

: he addressed workers and

members of the council in his

capacity as Minister of

Finance and chairman of

NrsR.

He said the council should

mount a big publicity campaign to win the confidence of

the local business community

. in its ability to meet their technological needs.

: "At various trade fairs and

jishows your experiments and

i their products have won the

I praise of the business community. Your samples of food

^products have won the approi val of both the business com1 munity and health specialists.

f "It is necessary for you to

\ find a way where your experiIments and models can be pro-

; duced on large commercial

scales," said Mr Mundia.

It was the task of the council

to persuade Zimco and Indeco

to use some of its experiments for commercial production.

.Mr Mundia said he would

. like the council to see its role

"as that of getting the knowledge which the workers

acquired from various Universities and carry out practical

research to apply that knowledge to meet needs of society.

. "It is this role which will be

the basis of your operation for

the coming decade."

; NCSR provided a linkage

between research and industrial activities.

Mr Mundia praised the high

; quality of products from the

council.

He said the Party and its

Government was determined

to spread the teaching of

science to all parts of Zambia.

This explained the shift in the

Government policy to emphasise the teaching of science

and technology in schools.

"It is^ quite obvious that

until the business community

'uses your technologies in its

industrial and commercial activities we will continue to use

machines and equipment dei signed outside Zambia."

■■ The major problem facing

the Zambiah economy now

was to adjust its industries to

.use machines and equipment

which depend on local raw

64
CSO: 3400/1668

; materials.

' On Friday Mr Mundia warned the Government might be

forced to stop foreign exchange allocations to companies which deliberately depended on imported raw materials without making efforts to

use local resources. , The Government was giving

such firms a transitional

period in which to deversify

their operations with a bias

towards agriculture.

He said this in Lusaka at the

signing~of an aid agreement at

the Ministry of Finance.

, Under the agreement, designated companies and organisations would be able, to

import goods and services

from Britain worth K8.1

million. Out of this amount

nearly K5 million would be

disbursed before the end of

March 1984 and the balance by

March 1985. . .. The loan has an interest ot

two per cent a year and would

be repaid in 25 years with a

seven-year grace period.

' The Prime Minister said dependence on imported raw

materials had put the economy in a dilemma. He

appealed to established companies to adjust their operations and use local resources.

65
ZAMBIA

ZIMCO OFFICIAL: ROAD TO ECONOMIC RECOVERY NOW CLEAR

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 14 Jul 83 pp 1, 8

[Excerpt] THE road to economic recovery is now clear and the

optimism and confidence

among' major developing countries confirms this, Zimco

,; director-general Mr James

Maooma has said.

Speaking at a reception

hosted by Indeni to commemorate the tenth anniversary ofthe

company in Ndola on Tuesday

night, Mr Mapoma said it was

now evident that the worst was

jover and recovery was on the

:way. " ',

Through this up-turn the

? world economy was bound to

benefit, but h'e warned it

would take a long time before

developing countries like Zambia, would experience the recovery.

(, In Zambia, the Party and its

^Government had taken bold

, measures to restructure the

I economy but these moites

; would not achieve much unless

parastatal and private sectors

worked genuinely to speed up

recovery.

"We should genuinely work

to earn foreign exchange

rather than cry for it; we

should genuinely work towards the orientation of our

| industriesi. to; use local mate-

\rials and local technology," he

said.

He loid the audience, which

included Copperbelt Province

^political secretary Mr Martin

; Mubanga, Italian ambassador

to Zambia Mr George Cuneo,

: chairman of the Indeni board

" of directors Mr Patrick Chisanga and Ndola Urban

governor Mr Alexander Kamalondo, that Zimco was pr.oud

that despite the world recession the Zambian parastatal

sector had not collapsed.

';■■■ Although the foundation of

parastatals had been severely

shaken by the recession which

had affected the mining industry and Zambia Consolidated

Copper Mines (ZCCM) in

particular because of the depressed metal prices, the test

had been important as it had

given Zimco more confidence

and strength.

"It has assisted us to

streamline and consolidate our

f operations. It has demonstrated the ability of the Zimco

•group to respond and adapt

r successfully to changing conditions created by both inter-

., nal and external economic

forces.''

t' President Kaunda officiated

at the celebrations held at the

tIndeni plant.

CSO: 3400/1668

66
KANKASA: NO NEED FOR WOMEN'S LIBERATION IN NATION

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 13 Jul 83 p 1

ZAMBIA

[Text] THERE Ss no need for

women's liberation in Zambia because the country has

: aireauy opened opportunities

for women and the "sky is

the limit", executive secret

tary of the Women's League

and Central Committee

Member Mrs Chibesa Kankasa said in Lusaka yesterday. ,

Mrs Kankasa was commenting on charges by

Central Province Member of

the Central Committee Mr

Samuel Mbilishi that the

talk of women's liberation in

Zambia was "'rubbish".

Mrs Kankasa said women

did not officially cry for their

liberation but she admitted

it was only in the traditional

circles where change was

needed.

,- After studying the speech

.delivered by Mr Mbilishi in

Kabwe she was satisfied the

text of the story was correct

except for the use of the

word "rubbish" which Mr

Mbilishi "might have said

off — thejatff" „ , .

Mrs Kankasa called for.

refresher courses for all

journalists inside and outside

Zambia. "They should also

go to the President's Citizenship College so they understand the aspirations of the

;Party and its Government."

'" Zambian women had

^achieved a lot compared with

those in many developing

countries. At one of the

meetings she attended many

people were «hocked to see

a woman pilov.

Recently at a women's

world conference she was

the only one who received a,

five-star medal of distinguished service. "This shows

j what opportunities abound in

Zambia for women."

i The conference was held in!

; Czechoslovakia attended by

[ women from all over the

world.

Mrs Kankasa, warned the

nation not to judge women's

performance on the failure

of one _seclkin of theircommunity.

Reporters should watch

but against statements made

off-the-cuff by some Party

, and Government officials

because they would not

interpret what the theme

of the prepared speech was.

There was no need in the

Party and its Government

for officials to exchange bad

.words. She had studied the

«speech and was sure the

word "rubbish" was not

used.

!, The contrpversy started

-when Mr Mbilishi scoffed at

appeals, demands and suggestions that the Party and

its Government should create

a ministry for women affairs

and described the talk of

women's liberation as

"rubbish".

Mr Mbilishi said the

Women's League in Kabwe

Rural recruited only one

member last year.

He described the situation

as pathetic and deplorable as

it contrasted sharply with the

slogans Women's League

members shouted at meet--

1

ings addressed by top Party

and Government leaders.

He deplored the poor,

records in the league and

said up to now» he had riö^l

yet received fresh records fo| i

the first six months of thi$y

year. '"'■■• ' ''

Despite constant reminders from various national

leaders including President

Kaunda there was no

improvement.

CSO: 3400/1668 67
ZAMBIA

SERIOUS WATER SHORTAGE MAY CAUSE RATIONING IN KITWE DISTRICT

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 13 Jul 83 p 3

[Text] A SERIOUS water

shortage may lead to

rationing in some

parts of Kitwe district, development

secretary, Mr WiWarn Shawa said

yesterday.

He said because

Ithe levels in the

piater works contiInues to be too low,

fhe had recommended that rationing

be forced from 20.00

hours to 05.00 hours

ieveryday until the

situation improves.

Mr Shawa explained that this was a

perennial problem

so the district council had to ensure

equal sharing of

rwater to all parts

fpf thecity.

I The problem was

pompounded by the

fact that the existing

water works was too

small to cope with

increasing demand.

As far back äs

1977, it was found

sthat the water works

was unable to provide enough water

and it was decided

that a new one be

built.

"The water works

is under capacity

I and is therefore una-

[ble to meet the de-

|mand for water In

'IKitwe," Mr Shawa

; explained.

~r The development

secretary could not

say when the new

water works would

be built but added

that ä feasibility

study had already

been completed and

all that remained

was for the National

l Commission for Development Planning

: to approve the proi ject.

CS0: 3400/1668

68
ZAMBIA

FAO APPROVES SEED DONATION TO DROUGHT-STRICKEN WESTERN PROVINCE

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 13 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] THE FOOD and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has approved an emergency

supply of seeds worth over K250,0Q0 to drought-stricken areas in Western

Province.

The donation consists of 250 tonnes of sorghum and 150 tonnes of millet seeds

which will be distributed in the Senanga, Sesheke and Kalabo districts of the

Western Province which has been severely affected by drought in the past two

crop seasons.

"It is expected that the FAO assistance will provide a booster to the government's efforts to encourage food production and self-sufficiency in the

Western Provinve," a statement released by the FAO office in Lusaka said.

The donation is in response to a request by the Zambian government for assistance to help alleviate the suffering of villagers in drought-stricken areas.

FAO Director-General Dr Edouard Saouma has already authorised that the donation must be despatched immediately.

And the Canadian High Commission announced yesterday that it will supply

K20,000 worth of maize seed for the drought-hit area in Gwembe south.

Food shortages, caused by poor yields, have resulted in insufficient stocks

for the next planting season. "The seed is a very special early maturing

variety which must be imported from Zimbabwe," a spokesman for the High Commission said.

Distribution of the seed will be monitored by the Gwembe Valley Integrated

Rural Development Programme and the Gossner Mission.

District lorries will be used to distribute the seed to approximately 1,000

families in Gwembe south. Each family will receive approximately 25 kg.

The government has been taking contingency measures to save the lives of thousands of famine-stricken people in Eastern, Southern and Western provinces.

69
Recently, a consignment of food aid donated by the World Food Programme (WFP)

started arriving in the Country. It included 432 tonnes of dried skimmed

milk, 4,320 tonnes of maize and 216,000 tonnes of edible oils.

The emergency government exercise of despatching food to the affected areas

was expected to take three months, covering 120,000 people in Siavonga, Gwembe

and Namwala districts in Southern Province; Petauke, Katete, Chipata and

Chadiza in Eastern Province and Sesheke and Senanga in Western Province.

CSO: 3400/1668

70
ZAMBIA

ZNUT PROVINCIAL SECRETARY NOTES TEACHERS' GRIEVANCES

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jul 83 p 1

[Text] MORE THAN 300 teachers who invigilated grades seven and ten examinations in Southern Province last year will turn down nominations next November

unless the Ministry of General Education and Culture pays them their outstanding subsistence allowances.

Zambia National Union of Teachers (ZNUT) provincial secretary, Mr Hambweka

Muzenge warned yesterday that the Ministry should be prepared to supervise the

examinations if teachers were not given their arrears by then.

Mr Muzenge said in Livingstone that the union failed to understand why only a

handful of teachers had been paid when the money had been budgeted for as

payment to all invigilators.

"Tempers are high and we cannot accept the ministry's system of paying out

bits here and there. This is not a solution because we are only postponing

and piling up problems," he said.

ZNUT was totally against the exploitation of man by man which the ministry was

practising and would urge teachers who had not received their allowances to

reject nominations next November.

The union leader also criticised the ministry for sending teachers some

cheques which bounced at the banks saying that they were now frustrated and

had lost faith in the ministry for betraying their trust.

On accommodation, the provincial secretary lamented that the problem had now

spread to rural areas where teachers were now accommodated in village huts

while they continued to pay house rent.

The plight of teachers at Itezhi-Tezhi and Kabulungwe Primary Schools was

pathetic and the ministry appeared to have washed its hands from their problem

becuase conditions were unfit for human habitation.

He also called on the Chief Education Officer, Mr Henderson Simwanza to instruct district education offleers to include ZNUT representatives on various

committees in conformity with workers participation in decision making.

CSO: 3400/1668

71
ZAMBIA

AFE ORDERS WEST GERMAN, INDIAN, BRAZILIAN FARM EQUIPMENT

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jul 83 p 7

[Text] AFE has ordered a big consignment of

tractors and other farming equipment from West

Germany which is expected in Zambia in October, general manager, Mr Phillimon Kapesebele

said in Lusaka yesterday.

The consignment

will be purchased from

John Deere International using the company's own financial

resources, Mr Kapesebele said.

Mr Kapesebele declined to disclose the

amount his company

will spend on the

machinery which he

said will cater for 25

per cent of applicants

on the waiting list for

agricultural equipment.

"At present there are 300

farmers waiting for agricultural machinery and we have

estimated that 25 per cent of

theiii will get their requirement when we receive the

consignment," the general

manager said.

Most of the documentation

arrangements on the importation of the machinery machinery have

been done and the letters of

credit with bankers are expected to be opened later this

month, he explained.

The John Deere equipment

will be accompanied by

enough spare parts for maintaining them. They are also

expected to supplement the

existing stocks of spare parts

at AFE, Mr Kapesebele

added.

And K500,000 worth of

machinery ordered from India

last year through a loan

agreement between Zambia

and the Indian government

should be in the country by

November.

Mr Kapesebele said everything is being done to ensure

that the,machinery from India

arrive in time for the planting

season.

This consignment will

mainly contain farming equipment for the small farmers

who have not been able to buy

most of the necessary items

from AFE because of the scarcity of foreign exchange, he

explained.

The company is concerned

about the drought, which has

persisted for the past two rain

seasons. Mr Kapesebele said

his firm is working out means

of preparing the farmers for

jfuture drought conditions.

The first step in this direction will be the marketing of

KSB irrigation pumps to the

commercial farmers.

72
CSO: 3400/1668

The pumps are the last part

of the machinery ordered from

-Brazil undera K2.5 million

loan agreement to Zambia by

the Brazilian government last

year.

Mr Kapesebele said that the

Bank of Zambia will this

month clear K60.000 in foreign

exchange to pay for the delivery of the pumps, which are

in South Africa.

In addition to these pumps,

the company is presently

marketing garvanised pipes

for irrigation purposes which

Mr Kapesebele said are suitable for casing in drought

conditions and guaranteed to

work without rusting fora long

period.

The pipes, he said, were

•bought using the firm's funds

and arrived in Zambia three

;weeksago.

Mr Kapesebele commended

the Agriculture Finance Company (AFC) for approving

farmers loans in good time. He

said this year, there isa i marked improvement ift_loan j approval before the start of

the cultivating time.

The Zambia St ate Insurance

Corporation (ZSIC) has also

assisted the farmers by setting

asidea substantial amount for

loans, Mr Kapesebele said.

He also explained that his

company has benefited from

the assistance it has received

from the newly appointed

technical committee handling

the allocation of import licences to companies.

"We are no longer experiencing delays in getting the

help from the Ministry of

Commerce and Industry

mainly because of the effi-

* ciency of the technical committee which is giving recommendations «in the import lice- i nces. I hope this will cnnti- h nue," Mr Kapesebele added.

73
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

ILLITERACY REDUCTION FAILS—OVER four thousand people in Kitwe are illiterate

and efforts to reduce the number have failed due to apathy, Kitwe District

Officer-in-Charge of Adult Literacy, Mr George Makumba disclosed yesterday.

He said most of the people in the district were shunning literacy classes because they did not want to be exposed as illiterates. At present there were

only seventy-three people attending literacy classes in the district mainly

from the peri-urban areas such as Kamfinsa, Kalolo and Itimpi. He explained

that those in urban areas did not want to be identified as illiterates and

this had made efforts to reduce the number difficult. He said the situation

has been worsened by shortage of staff and inadequate transport to enable officers to organise classes properly. Mr Makumba appealed toward development

committees in the district to be fully involved in organising literacy programmes since they had direct contact with the people. [Text] [Lusaka DAILY

MAIL in English 14 Jul 83 p 2]

TAZARA EXTENSION 'NOT VIABLE'—Meanwhile, ZANA reports that plans to carry out

feasibility studies on the extension of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway from

Kasama to Mpulungu port have failed because the European Economic Community

(EEC) have said it is not viable. The EEC delegate in Zambia Mr Hugh Swift

said in Lusaka yesterday the EEC had refused to finance the feasibility

studies because it would have consumed a lot of money. "We have the problem

of limited funds and we have to use it economically. We thought that the

project would not be viable and we told the government we were not going to

finance it," Mr Swift said. iText] iLusaka DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jul 83

P 1]

ZIMBABWE-ZAMBIA PASSENGER TRAIN—ZIMBABWE Minister of Transport, Mr Farai

Masongo will today drive the first passenger train across the Victoria Falls

Bridge since the service was disrupted following the unilateral declaration of

independence by rebel Rhodesia. Mr Masongo and his Zambian counterpart,

General Kingsley Chinkuli will travel from the Victorial Falls town to

Livingstone to launch the resumption of passenger train services between the

two countries. According to a programme released by Zambia Railways in Livingstone, the Zambian delegation led by the minister will travel to Falls Town

by road where they will board the train back to Livingstone. The train is expected to reach the Zambian tourist capital at 11.30 hours after the formal

inaugural ceremony across the border and General Chinkuli will host a luncheon

for the visitors. IText] ILusaka DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jul 83 p 1]

CSO: 340Q/1668

74
ZIMBABWE

FINANCE MINISTER PRESENTS BUDGET IN PARLIAMENT

MB311116 Harare Domestic Service in English 1325 GMT 28 Jul 83

[Address by Minister of Finance Bernard Chidzero in Parliament—live]

[Excerpts] MrvSpeaker:

I move that leave be granted to bring in a bill to make further provision in

connection with revenues and public funds of the Republic of Zimbabwe. We

have made provision for matters that are ancilliary and incidental to this

purpose. Mr Speaker, in this second year of transformation I am presenting

my budget against a background of world recession and prolonged drought.

Over calendar year 1982 the economy registered very poor performance. This

trend showed sharp falls in all indicators for 1982, as compared with 1980 and

1981. Throughout the year acute difficulties were encountered across all

sectors. The overall growth outcome for 1982-83, the first year of the

transitional national development plan, fell well below target, with gross

domestic product registering a real growth rate of barely 2 percent.

Given the estimated national population growth rate of about 3 percent, this

meant a significant drop, the first since independence, of real national

income per head. This aggregate position reflected the declines in performance that were experienced in all spheres of economic activity, particularly so in the productive sectors.

Total formal employment in the economy increased by only 1 percent in 1982,

compared with 3 percent in 1981. This meant that only 10,700 new jobs were

created in the whole economy, as compared with 26,400 in 1981. This rate

of increase in employment, which reflects stagnation in many areas and

outright contraction in others, falls far short of the 80,000 people a year

who comprise the net addition to the labor force, let alone satisfying the

additional job requirements of those already in the system.

In sharp contrast with 1981, when agriculture was the single most important

source of real growth, registering 31 percent, the sector experienced a

decline of 8 percent in 1982. Consequently the sector's contribution to the

gross domestic product declined from about 18 percent in 1981 to 16 percent

in 1982. In addition, this bad adverse effects on the country's exports,

given the important role of agricultural products in our external trade.

75
Real output from the manufacturing sector has also declined substantially

over 1982, with the production volume falling far beneath the 1981 performance.

Employment in the sector increased by 4 percent over 1981, a mere 7,000 new

jobs in absolute terms. But perhaps the most telling indicators of poor

performance in the sector over the past year have been the extent to which

shortages of commodities have been experienced and the frequency with which

enterprises have sought to retrench workers due to reduced activity. The

decline has, in addition, been graphically reflected in the contractions in

government revenue yields, which have fallen significantly below forecasts

and requirements. I shall return to this issue later in my statement.

The causes of these difficulties in the manufacturing sector have been many

and varied. Prominent among them, however, have been critical shortages of

foreign currency, poor investment activity, and rising costs of production

that have not been counterbalanced by improved productivity. The mining

sector was not spared the difficulties encountered in the other sectors. Indeed, because this sector operates almost entirely at the frontline of the

economy's interaction with the wider world, mining performance in 1982

reflected the full force of the international recession, which the economy had

as a whole until last year held at bay with relative success. The value of

mineral output in 1982 fell 3 percent over 1981. Significant production

declines being experienced in major commodities such as asbestos, coal, chrome

and iron ores, which fell respectively 22 percent, 3 percent, 20 percent and

24 percent. The nickel, asbestos, copper, and coal mines were operating at

a loss in financial terms throughout 1982, due to low prices on the external

markets, and high domestic production costs. (Express) Nickel Mine had to be

shut down, and a number of other mining operations were kept going only

through government loans. Employment in the mining sector declined by 7 percent

from 68,700 in 1981 to 64,000 people.

I must express my deep concern at the attitude that the private sector in

Zimbabwe apears either unwilling to abandon, or incapable of breaking. This

is the attitude that the sector somehow is alien, an alien body which has to

be wooed and cajoled to make the contribution that it is obviously capable

of making to the development and expansion of the economy, particularly through

reinvestment of the surpluses it generates.

I am not unaware, Mr Speaker, of the fact that there have been other constraints

in the form, for example, of foreign exchange shortages and in some [word

indistinct] cases a restraining impact of price control. The least constraints

have assumed in too many instances the status of excuses. The essential

problem remains this pervasive "them and us" orientation in thinking. Just

as the government holds in trust the country's public resources and must account

to the nation for the manner in which those resources are deployed and utilized,

so the private sector controlling, as it does, such a large part of the

nation's productive facets must in a fundamental sense be held accountable to

the nation in purports to serve.

76
The nation has a right to expect a more constructively aggressive approach

to the country's economic problems by the private sector. To this sector

we say, therefore: invest, expand, create jobs, produce the goods and services,

or perish.

[Words indistinct] for the private sector the stark choice is between investing or perishing as an economy. Zimbabwe either exports or foregoes any significant growth. Government stands ready to assist in all manners it can in the

drive for export markets. I am glad to report that more and more management

authorities in the private sector are beginning to appreciate the significance

of import-export performance. The response of the manufacturing sector to the

exporting central scheme provided for in the last budget clearly shows a

concerted search for business outside our borders.

Mr Speaker, I shall now outline my 1983-84 budget. It will be seen from the

financial statements that the gross total of 2,811 million is 39 million less

than last year. This is 1 percent lower in revenue terms, or 18 percent lower

in real terms. The net total, that is to say, the total of expenditure and

net government lending, is 2,576 million, while revenue grants and loan

recoveries total 2,126 million. Although in terms of totals it is very much!

a standstill budget, the difference between revenue and expenditure is still

on the high side. And when taken together with the deficits on the trading

accounts of statutory bodies, represents a strong inflationary influence.

This is because the statutory bodies in particular will have to be financed

from bank sources, and this will inflate money supply.

I will first give the house some of the highlights under each of the two main

categories of expenditure, recurrent and public sector investment programs.

The total recurrent expenditure provision of 2,031 million is 210 million, or

12 percent, higher than the out-turn [as heard] in 1982-83. This figure

has been arrived at after the most protracted and agonizingly painful

discussions and negotiations of individual votes [allocations] with ministries.

It provides in almost every case only for the basic maintenance of existing

services, with a minimal expansion or introduction of new programs in only

very few cases, where such need has been unquestionably demonstrated to be

unavoidable.

Indeed, if one allows for inflation of 17 percent, the provision for recurrent

expenditure represents an average decrease of 5 percent in real resources

available to ministries. Compared with the out-turn, the defense vote has been

increased by 45 million to 390 million, and now occupies second place, taking

up 19 percent of recurrent expenditure. This has been unavoidable, since we

must, as a first priority, ensure the security and integrity of the country.

The cost in development forgone, nonetheless, is clearly very high. Education

and culture, which occupies first place and is 20 percent of recurrent expenditure, will cost 414 million dollars. This is 18 million dollars, or 4 percent,

higher than in fiscal 82-83. Health, in third place, goes up by 3 million

or 2 percent to 125 million dollars. Despite the pressures on resources,

these provisions represent government's resolve and determination to provide

77
the nation with the basics of development, namely education and health, without

which economic growth and development might not only become tyrannical fixations

devoid of any moral content, but may indeed in our case simply not be possible

at all.

The home affairs vote has been increased by 19 million dollars or 19 percent,

to 120 million dollars, in order to cater for elements of the police support

unit, the full annual costs of which are effective this year. These four

votes, namely defense, education, health, and home affairs, together account

for 1,049 million dollars, or 51 percent of the total recurrent and capital

expenditure outside the category of constitutional and statutory. The remainder

have been pegged at less than, or close to, the actual 1982-83 spendout, which

means a substantial reduction in real terms.

Despite the beginnings of an upturn in world prices of basic commodities, we

still have a number of important enterprises that are sandwiched between fixed

or rising costs at home, and selling prices over which they have no influence.

They must be supported over the coming months, in anticipation of an improvement

in the international economy, signs of which are beginning to emerge. I have,

therefore, provided 40 million dollars for assistance to the mining and manufacturing sectors, 20 million being for ZISCO [Zimbabwe Iron and Steel

Corporation] and 20 million for others.

There has been a reduction in the provision for agriculture subsidies at both

consumer and marketing board levels, and for the railways. We simply cannot

support the higher levels to which subsidies have risen, apart from other

considerations which argue against expending scarce resources in this manner.

The implication of this reduced provision is that certain commodity prices and

tariffs will have to go up to some extent over the year. While the detailed

pattern and extent of such increases are yet to be worked out, I must give

fair warning. I have provided 50 million dollars for the demobilization exercise, and note that from now onward this provision will fall as demobilized

persons come to the end of the 2-year period of serverance pay.

The vote of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has risen by 40 percent because

of the cost of embassies opened in the latter half of the 1982-83 ,year, for

which the full costs have to be shown in 1983-84. Although the vote of the

Ministry of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development is slightly lower than

last year, I am satisfied that the resettlement program can proceed as fast

as the limitations arising from the drought will allow.

In any case the full costs of resettlement are not reflected in this vote, as

several other ministries also contribute to the total cost, for example

water resources and development, agriculture, local government and town

planning, education and culture, and so on.

I have made a special attempt to allocate extra funds to the Ministry of

Community Development and Women's Affairs, whose vote gets doubled, in fact,

because of the importance that is attached to the enhancement of development

in the nation as a whole, through the development of communities and the

advancement of women.

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Recurrent expenditure by the Ministry of Water Development has been increased

by 50 percent above the 1982-83 out turn, in order to sustain and expand

efforts to combat the drought. Special attention has been given to reducing

the effects of the drought. In terms of direct aid of a social welfare type,

30 million dollars has been provided for the vote of labor and social services.

In addition ministries such as roads, water development, local government,

particular district development funds, will be required to apply as much of

their recurrent and public sector investment program resources as possible to

measures and projects that will employ local people and help them to be

self-sufficient in overcoming the worst effects of the drought.

I earlier referred to the export incentive scheme. In recognition of a need to

expand and diversify our base of exported products and of the positive response

that has so far been shown by the manufacturing sector, I have provided 10 million dollars for export incentives to allow the continuation, extension, and

consolidation of the present scheme. As a further boost to our exporting

manufacturers, a substantial relaxation in export credit terms has also been

allowed, with effect from the beginning of this month. This is closely related

to the World Bank manufacturing exports promotion scheme that I referred to

earlier.

I turn now to proposals for expenditure under the public sector investment program. The public sector investment program or PSIP as it is often referred to,

is one of the major instruments available to government for determining the

direction and pace of economic and social development in the country. The

program represents an overall development thrust aimed at the implementation of

the 3-year transitional national development plan. The public sector investment

proposals in the fiscal year 1983-84 envisage an expenditure program of

781 million dollars, compared with 945 million dollars in 82-83. This reduction

has been dictated by the poor performance of the productive sectors of the

economy and severe drought conditions, which have imposed strict limitations

for the budgeting process. For these reasons government's contribution to the

public sector investment program is limited to 269 million dollars, compared

with 465 million dollars in 82-83. The statutory bodies and local authorities

will finance 360 million dollars compared with 365 million dollars in 82-83.

The balance of 152 million dollars will be funded through a combination of donor

assistance and counterpart government contributions. Continuing efforts will

be made to increase the amount of donor assistance during fiscal 1983-1984.

Because of limitations in the availability of funds, the process of allocating

resources between sectors has been exceptionally difficult this year. None of

the allocations falls anywhere near the requirements submitted in the bids,

and which on the strictest economic criteria would, but for the financing

constraints, have been readily admitted.

Overall allocations have for most ministries been pegged at levels which allow

them to match the out-turn of 1982-1983. The portion of the public sector

investment programs financed by government and local authorities continues to

be largely people-oriented in terms of investment in social services, training,

administrative services, and infrastructure. The funds from the own resources

of statutory bodies and donor funds which are matched with government contributions will continue to be directed mainly toward the productive sectors of the

economy.

79
It is vital to the future of the economy that even in these hard times

relentless efforts be directed at creating and expanding a sound productive

base. Priority has been given to agriculture and rural development, to which

13 percent of the development budget has been allocated. The performance

of the agricultural sector has been poor due to drought, resulting in a fall

in output levels of most crops. The resettlement program will receive 5 percent of the public sector investment program provision, compared to 8 percent

in 1982-83. The momentum of rural resettlement of programs should be

maintained as well as drought conditions will allow, while at the same time

existing resettlement schemes acquire further attention in order to ensure

that they become productive and viable.

It is of vital importance that infrastructure in transport, roads, posts and

telecommunications, should be able to sustain the expansion and increased

development in the production at service sectors of the economy. To this end

it is proposed to spend 32 percent of the development budget on the improvement of the railway, roads and bridges, civil aviation, posts and communications systems. This allocation is 9 percent higher than the 1982-83 provision.

External loans and all resources funds from parastatals will finance a major

portion of this program.

Proposed expenditure of social services, including health, education, and

training constitutes 5 percent of the public sector investment program budget,

as compared with 14 percent in 1982-83. It should be mentioned once again

that central government alone will not be able to cope with the provision

of education facilities» Increasingly this responsibility must fall on the

citizens, through local authorities and community-based organizations within

a national self-reliant system that maximizes total resources best, injects

strong elements of social and geographical equity, and encourages maximum

current involvement in the development and direction of educational facilities.

Mr Speaker, before I leave the subject of expenditure in 1983-84, I want to say

a few words about the imperative of financial discipline. I have already

remarked on the standstill character of the budget. Although some votes have

bigger (?incremental) factors than others, particularly the big four that I

have mentioned, I am satisfied that there is not one that is fat, and I am in

no doubt that the only way ministries are going to [words indistinct] within

their votes is by exercising strict control over the commitment of expenditure.

Before I deal with my proposals for revenue measures, I must express my regret

at the delay in setting up the tax commission. Unfortunately the preparatory

work involved has been more complicated than expected, and difficulties have

been experienced in securing the requisite personnel. Preparatory work is

nearing completion and I expect that the names of the commissioners will soon

be announced, particularly because there are several complex issues that I am

relying on the commission to investigate. The two most often talked about are

the taxation of married women under the PAYE [pay as you earn system] and the

land tax.

80
Mr Speaker I estimate that, without any new measures, receipts of revenue

will increase by 168 million dollars in 1983-84. This is possible because

of the measures introduced in February this year and because of slightly

higher personal incomes. However, I find myself in a situation where I must

resort to further new measures that will yield an additional 150 million

dollars. This is not an easy task, and I have tried to split the burden

as widely as possible.

In my 1982 budget I deliberately avoided any increase in company tax because

I recognized that the level was already high, and I did not want to erode

returns from corporate capital. It could be argued that I should follow a

similar line this year [words indistinct] but I am afraid that with so few

options open to me I cannot exempt any one group of taxpayers from making

a contribution. I propose therefore that the existing sales charge of

15 percent applicable in the 1982-83 tax year be increased by 5 percent to

30 percent. This increase will be payable before 30 June 1984 and may be spread

equally over the two advanced payment [words indistinct] remaining in the

fiscal year.

Allowing for the fact that company profits in 1982-83 were generally lower than

in the previous year I expect the 5 percent increase in sales charge to yield

10 million dollars.

I have not found this an easy tax to propose. First, I know that many companies

are struggling at present, and it may even seem contradictory to bring in a

company tax that will raise 10 million while providing, as I have already

explained, 40 million dollars in the first months of expenditure for assistance

to industrial and mining enterprises, most of which operate as companies. The

fact of the matter is that the performance of some companies is relatively

better than that of others, and I am expecting a degree of redistribution which

is just [words indistinct] in the circumstances.

Secondly the increase raises the gross nominal rate of tax on companies to

54 percent, which is one of the highest in the world. [words indistinct] This

may make investment unattractive, but I trust Zimbabweans will take into account

our depreciation allowances and understand the short-term nature of our diffi^

culties and take a longer and more optimistic view of the economy, in which

better times will return, and tax [words indistinct] will be reduced.

Individual income taxpayers will also have to contribute more, and here, too,

I propose increasing the [words indistinct] by 50 percent, to 20 percent, to

bring it into line with the company [words indistinct]. These increased

elements must, I regret to say, be applied to 1983-84 incomes in order that

the maximum yield could be obtained in this fiscal year as a contribution to

drought-related expenditure. There is another reason for applying the increase

in this manner, and that is to spread the burden on taxpayers in the PAYE system.

When the 1983-84 assessments are issued in due course, the new accelerated surcharge will apply and (?will) as shown in the financial statements, begin at

20 percent and end at 40 percent. The top marginal rate will therefore go up

from 60 percent to 63 percent. I estimate that this proposal will yield some

15 million dollars.

81
The (?function) of my revenue needs in relation to the rather limited tax

(?base) is such that I cannot hope to achieve my target without resorting

to further increases in the sales tax rates.

I, therefore, propose to increase the general rate from 16 percent to [word

indistinct] percent, and the rate of consumer durables from 19 percent to

32 percent. At the same time I propose increasing the range of goods subject

to the higher rate by including records and tapes, photographic films and

[word indistinct], alcoholic beverages, including beer, soda, liquers, spirits,

and wine, manufactured tobacco products, smokers and smoking requisites, such

as pipes, holders, lighters, cigarettes and cigarette and cigar [word

indistinct], cosmetic or toilet preparations for personal use, excluding

toothpaste and soap, clothing accessories wholly or predominantly of natural

hair and skin, jewellery and imitation jewellery, goldsmiths and siversmiths

wares of precious metal or rolled precious metal, paintings and pictures, boats,

launches yachts, and other vessels, excluding commercial, fishing, and passenger

vessels, and firearms and ammunition.

These [words indistinct] tax rates, which will be effective from 1 August 1983,

will yield an estimated 78 million dollars. I am aware of the (?regressive)

nature of this type of taxation, but by increasing the surcharge on income

taxes as I have previously described, I have tried as far as I can to preserve

the ratio of direct to indirect taxation.

Furthermore, with the lower pay demands, the exemption on basic food items from

sales tax will continue, and the higher sales tax rates have been biased against

luxury goods. Mr Speaker, a major defect in our tax system is that we have a

narrow base. I, therefore, propose to introduce a tax on persons in employment

who earn more than 100 dollars a month and who are not yet in the PAYE system.

The new tax will be calculated as 2 percent of taxable income and will be

deducted by the employer.

At the [word indistinct] with the PAYE system, the monthly deduction will be

2 percent or the PAYE amount, whichever is greater. Separate legislation

is being prepared to implement this tax, and I expect it to be brought before

parliament latter in this session. I estimate that this measure, to be

known as the lower-level income tax, will yield 9 million dollars up to

30 June 1984.

I next propose to impose a tax of 20 percent on remittances outside Zimbabwe

in respect of fees for technical, administrative, management, and consultant

services or amounts remitted in respect of external expenses of open (?branches).

This measure will yield some 5 million dollars in this financial year and

should provide some incentive to have such services carried out in Zimbabwe.

Turning now to customs and excise duties, I propose to increase the customs

(?surtax) on imports by 5 percent, to 20 percent. I make this proposal with

some reluctance because I realize that it will increase the price of all

imported goods. However, the cost of development projects of government and

parastatal bodies will be exempt from the payment of this (?surtax), as will

the vary large development projects in the private sector.

82
Imported raw materials that are used for the manufacture of goods for export

will benefit from the usual drawback procedure. I estimate that this measure

will yield 27 million dollars. I am proposing to introduce an excise duty of

15 percent ad valorem on passenger motor cars made in Zimbabwe [as heard] and,

finally, I propose a customs duty for 16 percent ad valorem in imported

lorries and vans, whether in assembled or unassembled form. These two measures,

which will be effective from 29 July 1983, are estimated to yield 10 million

dollars. .

In a budget such as this, it is very difficult to contemplate any concession.

However, as a measure of the importance given by government to training, I

propose to introduce a training reimbursement allowance equal to 50 percent

of the cost (?to the taxpayer) of buildings constructed and new equipment

purchased on or after 1 April 1983 and used exclusively for the purpose of

training employees.

Mr Speaker, I now lay upon the table the 1983 financial statements.

Mr Speaker, the budget I have presented is one of austerity, and I call on all

the people of this country to tighten their belts. This will mean great

sacrifice. I fully realize that some revenue measures make this country one

of the most highly taxed and [words indistinct] if these are made permanent

they could lead to counterproductivity. Some of the measures I have proposed

are justifiable in view of the exporting difficulties facing the economy, which

arise from the drought and the world recession, [words indistinct]

In making these proposals I know that many will cry "unfair" and demand that

after long years of struggle and hardship in the bush the fruits of independence

appear [words indistinct] after only 3 years. Such would be an extremely

shortsighted view.

CSO: 3400/1710

83
ZIMBABWE

HARARE COMMENTS ON LATEST NATIONAL BUDGET

MB271731 Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 27 Jul 83

[Station commentary]

[Text] The minister of finance, economic planning, and development, Comrade

Bernard Chidzero, presents the country's budget tomorrow. As we know, the

budget is the country's annual estimate of revenue and expenditure, and also

gives the government's intentions regarding taxation and other related issues.

Although we do not know the details of the budget yet, it is reasonable to

assume that it may be tough but pragmatic, taking into account the needs of

the majority and the aspirations of the popularly elected government.

Zimbabwe is experiencing one of the worst droughts ever. Millions of dollars

have been diverted from development projects to be used to save lives because

of the current drought. This means that the government has to raise additional

funds to meet this national crisis.

The country's agricultural industry, a very vital arm of the nation, has been

severely hit by the current drought. The national herd is shrinking every day.

Most of the country's major foreign exchange crop earners, such as tobacco and

maize, have been affected. Most farmers will not be able to repay loans they

might have gotten from financial institutions. This catalogue of problems

does not paint a picture which would enable the minister of finance, economic

planning, and development to produce a budget which will be comfortable to the

nation.

We know many Zimbabweans understand the problems which the nation is experiencing. But we also know that there are those whose minds are bent on creating

havoc. They would like to shout from housetops when things are not as they

want. We know also that there are those who were used to a budget which

used to benefit the minority. These will certainly want to shout loudest

when there are problems, and at the same time do nothing to ease the country's

misfortunes.

Note should be taken that droughts or, indeed, any economic problems, are not

a monopoly of Zimbabwe or any country. They affect all nations. Zimbabwe does

not live in isolation. What happens in Europe, Asia, America, affects

Zimbabwe.

84
Those whose tongues are full of poison should be reminded that since independence the popularly elected government has managed to do things which

successive minority regimes failed to do. So whatever Comrade Chidezero

has for the nation in the budget should be examined carefully, taking into

account that the budget must take into consideration the aspirations of

the whole nation. The people's government will not allow a situation or a

budget whose sole aim is to please a handful of people. To do so would be

to negate the principles on which the liberation war was fought, one of which

was an equitable distribution of the country's wealth. The struggle for

economic independence continues.

CSO: 3400/1704

85
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NO WORKERS PAY INCREASE—Harare, 1 Aug (SAPA)—Workers must not expect pay

rises at a time when the economy is reeling from the effects of the drought

and the recession, the minister of labour and social services, Mr Kumbirai

Kangai, said yesterday. Addressing a ZANU(PF) rally held at Gwanzura Stadium,

Harare, Mr Kangai said workers should arrest employers engaged in economic sabotage

and take them to the police. "I have heard of cases of economic sabotage in

private companies and in companies taken over by the government. Workers

must arrest those who are doing this," he said, but did not elaborate.

He said workers should understand that there could be no salary reviews at

a time when the drought was affecting the country and when there was a fall

in prices on world markets. He said salaries could always be reviewed when

the situation improved. [Text] [MB011139 Johannesburg SAPA in English

0832 GMT 1 Aug 83]

URBAN COUNCIL ROTATIONAL ELECTIONS—-The minister of local government and town

planning, Comrade Enos Chikowore, has revealed that Council elections on

a rotational basis will be abolished as from next year. Addressing a rally

in Kadoma yesterday, Comrade Chikowore criticized councillors who abused their

positions to further their financial aims. The minister announced that next

year, urban council elections will be held at the same time throughout Zimbabwe.

He urged Zimbabweans to choose councillors with ideological orientation,

adding that such councillors will take into account the plight of the masses.

[Text] [MB011255 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 1 Aug 83]

JOURNALISTS DELEGATION—An association of journalists representing 53 news

organizations from all over the world has decided to send a delegation to

Zimbabwe to protest against the decision by six black African states to ban

foreign correspondents based in South Africa from working within their borders.

The information ministers of Zimbabwe, Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Botswana

and Angola decided on the ban during a meeting at the central Zimbabwean town

of Kadoma. The Foreign Correspondents' Association of Southern Africa, which

represents news organizations from Japan, the Republic of China, and 10 Western

nations, said representatives would go to Zimbabwe to seek meetings with the

government and diplomats from the other countries concerned to discuss the

measure. The association said it deplored any restriction on the free flow of

news. The information ministers of the so-called Frontline States said at the

end of their meeting that they had agreed in principle that South African-based

foreign correspondents would no longer be allowed to work in their countries.

[Text] [MB020928 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT

2 Aug 83]

86
UK, EUROPEAN MEDIA SCORED—The prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, says

Zimbabwe continues to suffer from severe undeserved attacks and distortions

from the British and European media, despite its positive achievements.

Addressing the Zimbabwe-Britain Society in Harare today, Comrade Mugabe

said the society has a role to play in informing the British public about the

real Zimbabwe. He said the society must inform the British public about the

policy of reconciliation and national transformation, the successful integration of three factional armies into one national army, and the continuing

destabilization campaign from the Pretoria regime. [Text] [MB011823 Harare

Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 1 Aug 83]

BBC NEWS TEAM TO LEAVE—A South Africa-based television team of the BBC:has

been asked to leave Zimbabwe following a ban on foreign correspondents visiting

black Southern African states from their bases in the republic. BBC television

Southern African correspondent (Phillip Hadden), said he and his cameraman and

his sound engineer have been asked by the Zimbabwean authorities to leave the

country as soon as possible. The television crew went to Zimbabwe before the

weekend to cover events in the troubled province of Matabeleland. [Text]

[MB020534 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1930 GMT 1 Aug 83]

CSO: 3400/1709

END

87