1. A group of 60 persons of various nationalities was recruited, trained,
and maintained by the Governments of Ghana and. Burkina Faso, with the aim of
assassinating the Togolese head of state and overthrowing the regime. During
their operations, they were trained by Ghanaian soldiers.

2. The majority of the attackers are either Togolese nationals born in
Ghana or residing there, or Ghanaians. of Togolese origin. The objectives
assigned to the. attackers, were the assassination of the head of state, at
first, taking over the national radio station and some sensitive areas among
which was the gendarmerie.

According to the terrorists who were arrested, the recruitment.of the attack-
ers took place in Ghana by Amah Ayayi, alias Sancho Karl Attipoe,; and El Hadj
Iddrissu, all from Togo and residing. in-Ghana.and.in the pay of Guilchrist
Olympio and Captain Francisco.Lawson, retired, assisted by non-commissioned
officers of the Ghanaian Army. One’of. them, according to one of the arrested
terrorists, is called Sergeant Dobleyou.

Still according. to the arrested persons,. the recruits, after making several
contacts and moves which were more or less official, were able to ‘recruit
about 60 youth. Their military training began after this. The training of
these young recruits took place at Gondar Barracks and at Afienya Camp near
Accra. The recruits were. therefore trained. in Ghana; at Gondar Barracks,
and at the Afienya Camp near Accra. ‘The instructors are: (Captain Michael
Kwasison) of the Ghanaian Army; and (Sergeant N. Etio) and (Corporal Soti)
of the Ghanaian Army. We got all this information from the persons arrested.

Some time in January.1986, 20-young men among these recruits--they were
selected for intensive training in Burkina Faso. They were put on board a
Ghanaian military aircraft on.1:February 1986 and flown to Ouagadougou.. They
headed for Ouagadougou. In Ouagadougou they were met by the Ghana ambassador
to Burkina Faso, and Captain Singere of the Burkinabe Army. Then 20 young
men were put onto a Mercedes-Benz military transport truck and driven to the
training center located in a village called Biale in Burkina Faso. After a
3-week training session in Biale by two Burkinabe commandomen including a
nurse, the group returned to Camp Ga in Ouagadougou. During their stay of
almost 5 weeks at this camp, the young recruits were often visited ‘by Captain
Singere who had received them on arrival. The weapons and ammunition as
well as other war gear were all provided by Burkina Faso during their training.

On 2 April 1986, the group was flown on board a.Burkinabe military plane

back to Accra where they were divided into. three groups and put up respectively
at Busia House, at Nima in Accra, and..at Kuba Kote where they were often
visited by Amah Ayayi known as Sancho, as well as by Koffi and Amadu of the
Ghanaian Army, and (Captain Michael Sifosi); who is currently sheltering Amah
Ayayi, the person responsible for the recruitment of the young men.

On 15 September 1986, the attackers, about 60.individuals, gathered at
Kubakorpe near Lome but in Ghanaian territory. Their head, Amah Ayayi,

55



Rhodesia in 1980 and Mugabe's election victory. "Mozambique's survival is our
survival," Mugabe says. He fears that his socialist policy, if not his

it power, would also be jeopardized if Machel fell. Thus about 10,000
to 12,000 soldiers from Zimbabwe are stationed in the 50-kilometer wide,
barely 300-kilometer long, strip of land between Mutare and Beira, the "Beira
Corridor," at Machel's request. Mugabe says his country would dispatch up to
30,000 soldiers there if necessary; there are only 45,000 in the army. That
is also financially a considerable burden for the budget, which many
Zimbabweans regard only grumblingly. The defense expenses were raised above
average in the most recently submitted budget. This developing country spends
almost a million marks a day for its soldiers in Mozambique. During the
summit conference of the Nonaligned Countries in Harare, Mugabe evaded the
question whether it was true that Indian troops were also being sent to the
corridor.

A road, a railway and an underrgound oil pipeline run through the Beira
Corridor, from the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe through swamps, mountainous
terrain and fertile valleys up to the Indian Ocean. The initiator of a
business consortium in Harare reports that in the past 18 months there have
been two attacks by the rebels on the road, four on the railway and 14 on the
pipeline. He said the security situation is better than assumed by the
public. Others think that this information is colored up, that at least
smaller incidents are not noted. Almost’ nothing is read about attacks in
Zimbabwe's newspapers, nearly all controlled by the state. Mutare's residents
with contacts in not very accessible Mozambique report that "something is
happening" in the corridor. Bridges are allegedly blown up on an almost
weekly basis, but this is to be heard only in whispers in Mutare; and railway
workers dodge questions about this. Hardly any traffic can be observed at the
border station. Fighting sounds can occasionally even be heard on the hills
around Mutare (the former Umtali) coming from the neighboring land which drops
off to the sea. Whoever wants to go to Beira usually flies by private plane.
A plane crashed in the region a few weeks ago--officially an accident, but
many people doubt that. Many think that recently announced plans to again
build up Beira within coming months as a vacation spot for well-to-do
Zimbabweans, as it was before the independence of the former Portuguese
colony, are an illusion. The supply situation in Beira is disastrous, as it
is in the rest of Mozambique which is branded by civil war; food and goods of
daily need can only be acquired with difficulty.

More important than the tourist plans are the projects to get the transport
routes functioning again. The stretch from Harare to Beira is barely 600
kilometers long; the ride to the South African port of Durban, on the other
hand, is 2,065 kilometers. Thus shipment via Beira should normally be
considerably more favorable for firms. For that reason, just about 50
Zimbabwean firms have formed the "Beira Corridor Group," which is to utilize
the route. Only one train with a few cars now travels each day (and for
security reasons only during the daytime). And the few ships that are loaded
in Beira -- 15 a month -- then sail to the South African port of Durban, where
most of them are reloaded. Breaking away from dependence on Pretoria also
seems so difficult. A businessman reports that two million tons of freight
are being routed through Beira this year, and possibly three million in 1987,
nearly half of that over the pipeline. The railway line and harbor capacity

21



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
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processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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20402.

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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

COUNTY'S TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT SEEN THREATENED BY SANCTIONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Oct 86 p 23

[Article by Madden Cole]

[Text]

ALTHOUGH under cer-
tain circumstances sanc-
tions might result in a
stronger economy its big-
gest threat is a decay. in
South Africa’s présent
position as a technologi-
cally advanced economy,
says Mike Perry of Perry
and Associates.

Discussing the business
environment under sanc-
tions, Mr Perry adds that
it will be essential that
government pursue a
policy which encourages
business to remain in the
forefront. Tax incentives
should be allowed for re-
search and development
budgets and certain items
of technological advance-
ment.

He identifies three
phases in the life-cycle of
sanctions. Phase 1 which
South Africa has already
entered, is characterised
by both severe threats
and profitable opportu-
nities.

Opportunities for im-

19274

cso:

3400/145

port substitution in agri-
culture as well as manu-
facturing and services

ciency deteriorates. with
the advent-of an import
and exchange control re-
gime and the develop-
ment of inefficient import
substitution activities. It
becomes. more difficult
too to secure foreign capi-
tal and foreign exchange.

Early in Phase 11 sanc-
tions : effectiveness dimi-
nishes. Export market
and ‘product  diversifica-
tion starts to pay divi-
dends.

But Mr Perry points
out that in two years time
comprehensive mandato-
ry sanctions against South
Africa become increas-
ingly essential for electo-
ral reasons, especially
with the 1988 American
elections.

How the economy per-
forms in this phase de-
pends heavily on the state
of the world economy.

This will be more infla-
tionary which will boost
the gold price.

But domestic output
growth remains sluggish,
import substitution pro-
jects are increasingly
capital intensive, as are
foreign currency and high
technology.

In the third phase sanc--

tions effectiveness shifts
from the impact on ex-
ports to the impact on in-
vestment levels, on job
generation, on technol-
ogy, on the brain drain
and on the renewal and
replacement of obsolete
equipment.

Then, too, domestic
economic expansion fails
to keep pace with popula-
tion growth and unem-
ployment grows. The se-
curity threat becomes
more serious and requires
high levels of government
spending.

Looking at South Afri-
ca’s export markets, Mr

115

Perry states that these are

highly diversified with the
top five, USA, Japan,
Switzerland, ‘United
Kingdom and West Ger-
many accounting for only
31 percent of total export
sales. The remaining mar-
kets, accounting for 54.

tions busting. -

Export products on the
other hand are more con-
centrated with gold rep-
resenting 52 percent of
exports. But as the ulti-
mate world currency, it
means that this sector of
exports is unthreatened.

Coal on the other hand
is less secure. With South
Africa ranking second in
the West in terms of Pro-
duction, it becomes an in-
viting target, especially
for Commonwealth coun-
tries such as India, United
Kingdom, Australia and
Canada.

Agricultural products
are also a target for com-
petitive supplying coun-
tries such as Canada and
Australia.

He warns though that if
sanctions are intensified
later by the four major

trading partners,
country’s nckoslogieal
advancement will be

threatened. But the focus
is on restricting what we
export and not on what
we import. However in
the longer term, sanctions
will lead to a shortage of
foreign currency which
will affect the country’s
ability to import.



of an unsuccessful economic policy which kept the producer prices in
agriculture artificially low in order to provide the urban populace and
employees in mining with cheap food. The inflation rate of 60 percent
compared with last year could almost double in 1986 after the decontrol of all
prices -- with the exception of corn and fertilizers -- and the sharp
devaluation of the Kwacha after introducing the weekly foreign exchange
auctions in October of 1985. ‘The Institute of International Finance (TIF) in
Washington, however, expects a decline at the end of the year if the rise of
state expenditures and wages remain within an economically reasonable
framework. The competitiveness of the copper industry was improved by the
devaluation of the Kwacha.

Sharply Rising Balance of Payment Deficits

The Institute is still expecting a surplus in the trade balance for 1986, even
though compared with last year this is shrinking considerably due to the
continual weakness of price for copper and other metals and the delayed
reaction of the suppliers of agricultural and industrial exports to the
devaluation of the Kwacha. The deficit in the transfer and services balance
should again increase considerably compared with last year, especially because
of the rise of the interest payments on foreign debts, which make up almost
two thirds of the deficit. So the Institute expects a balance of payment
deficit of 490 million dollars (1985: 329 million dollars) for 1986 and around
450 million for 1987. Zambia is among the most heavily indebted countries in
black Africa. The Washington institute estimates the foreign debt for 1986 at
around 5.4 billion dollars (1987 estimate: 5.9 billion dollars), which
corresponds to 632 percent of the exports in goods and services. The foreign
debt came to 4.9 billion dollars in 1985, or five and a half times the
exports. The debt service quotient would then amount to 64 percent in 1986
(1987: 62 percent), after coming to 53 percent in 1985. Three quarters of the
foreign commitments are medium or long range. Zambia's biggest single
creditor is the International Monetary Fund (IMF) with a total of 706 million
dollars in outstanding credits. Zambia has made use of over half of its
potential block at the IMF. ‘he first bilateral agreement was concluded with
the Federal Republic in May of this year within the framework of the debt
rescheduling negotiations in the Paris Club. The other governments in the
Paris Club likewise expect to be able to conclude bilateral agreements with
Zambia by the end of the year.

Political Risk Factors

Zambia's immediate future is assessed with skepticism. In view of the
continually low copper and cobalt prices, the expected recovery in exports
could fail to materialize and the deficit in the balance of payments thus even
exceed the official projection. Finally, the political situation in southern
Africa also remains a considerable risk factor which could quickly impair
Zambia's traditional trade routes.. Around 60 percent of Zambian imports come
on the land route via Zimbabwe and Botswana, and 20 percent of the exports are
transported via Zimbabwe. The restructuring of the Zambian economy,
introduced by a new economic program in 1985, will only be successful in the
long run if the government in Lusaka succeeds in developing the non-mining
sectors, and in particular agriculture, and in building up a widely

64


LAST COTTON SEASON SEEN AS WORST ON RECORD

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 3 Oct 86 p 15

[Text]

/9317

COTTON, Zimbabwe’s second-
biggest agricultural export earn-
er, has just come through what
was probably its worst season on
record, the general manager of
the Cotton Marketing Board, Mr
Peter Dove, said this week.

The crop size had dropped sub-
stantially since last year, the quali-
ty had probably been the most dis-
appointing yet, ginning had started
late for the first time because har-
vesting had been delayed, and lint
was exported behind schedule to the
international market which was go-
ing through its most difficult time
in 30 years.

Another unprecedented feature of
the season, said Mr Dove, was that
peasants, small-scale farmers and
state farms together had overtaken
the crop size‘of large-scale commer-
cial farmers who had cur
production.

However, the board was not sit-
ting still in the face of adversity but
was preparing for a better season
and was about to re-introduce the
longer staple Delmac variety. —

This would bridge the gap be-
tween the cotton currently being
grown and the specialist varieties
which Zimbabwe would have to ex-
port within a few years’ time to suit

new’ spinning requirements, and get
away from the problems of the huge
world glut.

If the Delmac variety were given
government approval, the seed
would still be released in time for
the planting season, which begins
this weekend in the Lowveld and
starts later this month in the rest of
the country.

And. to ensure that Zimbabwe
properly developed its potential and
maintained its position on the inter-
national market, the board was
about to start work on the country’s
first total-industry plan for the fu-
ture of cotton:

‘Next week representatives of or-
ganised agriculture and the govern-
ment meet at a three-day conference
at Kariba to discuss production fore-
casts for each sector, as well as
breeding work, the efficiency of
cotton processing and the extension
of marketing facilities.

The conference would be part of:
the first phase in the exercise which
would encompass a look at the de-
mands of domestic and overseas
spinners and the local vegetable oil
industry.

“The cotton industry has grown
in leaps and bounds and it is now
necessary to do some corporate

Supplement to the Financial Gazette, Octoher 3, 1986

CSO: 3400/187

75

planning which will assure.Zim-
‘babwe’s position on the world mar-
ket and save some money when it
‘comes to capital outlay."*

“A lot of people will be doing a
lot of data correlation to give us a
good forecast blueprint for the fu-
ture of cotton.””

He expected that the plan would
be ready for submission to the
government in December and that
it could cost up to $50 000.

Mr Dove said that apart from
deliveries still expected from the
Mazowe valley and the Gokwe area
most of the past season's crop had
now reached the ginneries.

He expected the final: intake

figure to be 248 000 tonnes, sub-
stantially less than last year’s
295 000 tonnes.
* Commercial farmers, worried
about the agro-industrial minimum
‘wage, had cut down on hectarages
and had delivered about 114 000
tonnes.

‘The peasant sector had delivered
about 110 000 tonnes.

‘The ginning season, which is ex-
pected to close at the end of this
month, began late for the first time
ever, with the result that early com-
mitted cotton reached the spinners
in Europe behind schedule.



Officials say that the military want to re-
turn government to the civilians as soon as
possible. But first they want set in place a
sound constitution and system of government.

“As a first step they are setting up a system
of elected councils to run local and regional
government. These will be asked to start sub-

. mitting ideas for a new constitution.

“We are dealing with people who have been
neglected for a long time and need time to
settle down,” a senior member of govern-
ment said. “They are like people who have
been locked away in a dark place and have
come out into the sunlight.”

Knowledgeable observers believe the high-
ly literate and politically sophisticated’ Ba-
“sotho cannot long be denied a democratic
central government.

“For the present the honeymoon between

the Basotho and the military government is.
continuing,” said one observer. “But it cannot '

last forever.”

Certainly Lesotho has been calm and at
ease since the military ousted the BNP Gov-
ernment in January and disarmed its North
Korean-trained youth league, which had in-
creasingly been imposing gun-barrel govern-
ment throughout the country. .

There has also been a halt in the guerilla
attacks of the Lesotho National Liberation
Army, the armed wing of Mr Ntsu Mokhehle’s
exiied faction of the’ Basutoland Congress
Party. Despite Mr Mokhehle’s rejection of the
military government and his demand for an
immediate election, the LLA has not resumed
its raids on police stations and other govern-
ment targets.

Government leaders agree that the status
quo cannot be maintained indefinitely.

“{ don’t think we can sit for long without
some kind of national council,” said one. “But

if we hurry we might end up in the same
position we were in before.”

The government will “depend very heavi-
ly” on the wishes expressed through the local
councils in drawing up the new constitution,
said the spokesman for the office of the Mili-
tary Council.

There would be no return to the barracks
and no general election until the Military
Council was satisfied that the people had the
constitution of their choice, he said.

The process of electing the village, ward
and district councils has almost been com-
pleted, according to government spokesmen.
‘They say there has been no government in-
terference in the process and anyone has been
free to seek election. For instance, a former
minister in Chief Jonathan's Cabinet has been
elected to all councils for his area and the
Military Council have accepted this as the will
of the people.

Council ideas

One government leader said even Chief Jon-
athan himself would have been accepted had
he been elected in his area, despite his having
been put under house arrest for contravening a
ban on political activity.

Just when and how the councils will start
submitting ideas for the new constitution
‘seems not yet to have been decided. .

“As soon as the councils are fully opera-
tional the situation will become clearer and
then we might be able to say where we go;
from there,” the military spokesman said. |
One government leader said some councils:
had already met and were being encouraged
to think about the constitution, particularly
‘the question of safeguards against the consti-

tution again being “pocketed” by special in-
terests.

/9317
cso: 3400/193

11



Harare .THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English

[Text]

Reaction Against Government Quota

COMMERCIAL farmers this
week rushed to buy alternatives to
coarse grain seed following the
government’s “‘eleventh-hour,
bombshell’ decision to impose
quotas on maize production, an
action described as the most dras-
tic to affect agriculture in years.

Large-scale farming leaders tried
for the past three weeks to dissuade
the government from imposing the
decision, warning against tamper-
ing with the maize production base,
and trying to secure the backing of
support services in their lobbying
efforts.”

But on Monday the Minister of
Agriculture, Mr Moven Mahachi,
announced that in view of the logis
tic and financial pressure from the
gaize stockpile, maize growers

producing -more than. 20 tonnes-

‘would be paid the $180-a-tonne only
for the equivalent of half their 1986
deliveries.

‘Any deliveries above that would
only earn the farmer $100 a tonne.

He would not recommend a price
increase for the crop next year.

‘While those involved in the maize
industry began to consider the short
and long-term implications, many
farmers began a major overhaul of
their plans for the forthcoming sea-
son, for which: planting begins
towards the end of the month and
for which much land preparation

has already been done.

Mr David Rezin, marketing co-
ordinator of the Savanna Seeds,
reports. that his company had
received more orders for sunflow-
er seed in the past two days follow-
ing the announcement than he sold
last year.

“The company had trebled produc- °

tion of sunflower seed since last
year but had already sold its stocks
before: the policy statement was
made.

. He said he was now trying to im-
port more sunflower seed and al-
‘ready had the support of the Minis-

try of Agriculture and the Commer--

cial Farmers’ Union for an applica-
tion for foreign exchange.

SORGHUM

Demand for white sorghum, for
which farmers have been assured a
return of $180 a tonne, had also shot

up since the announcement. Stocks

by far exceeded supplies.

Mr Geoff Hildebrand, of the
Commercial Oilseeds Producers’
Association, said his c6mmodity or-
ganisation headquarters were
sw it iries from farm-
ers who wanted for the first time to
plant groundnuts, soyas or
sunflowers.

Mrs Pat Henson, production ex-
‘ecutive for the Commercial Grain
Producers’ Association, said the im-
position of the quota at such a late
stage had been the most serious ac-

70

Decision

3 Oct 86 p 15

tion in’ agriculture in years.

CGPA chairman Dick Bylo, criti-
cised the late imposition of the de-
cision, saying it would undermine
grain farmers’ confidence in the
future.

Some producers foresee the end
of large-scale commercial maize
production and a major diversifica-
tion effort, which many farmers had
already begun.

Some criticised government deci-
sions on exports as tardy.

Mr Zdanek Silavecky, group
economist for the Standard Char-
tered Bank, said the burden on the
Agricultural Marketing Board had
now been shifted onto the producer
who up until now had been shield-
ed from the effects of the grain glut.

He said there was clearly a need
to give renewed attention to
producer prices as part of long-term
planning which. was crucial for
balanced production.

One bankers said the government
decision .would most affect those
farmers who were locked into cap-
ital development and who were
heavily on maize.

Bankers’ forecasting stability,
which relied heavily on guaranteed
prices, and which was important to
the provision of credit, had been
shaken by the announcement and
lenders would have to monitor more
closely their relationship with maize
farmers, he said.


MOZAMBIQUE

FINANCE MINISTER DISCUSSES WORKING VISIT TO CABO DELGADO
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Sep 86 p 3

[Report on interview with Minister of Finance Abdul Magid Osman, by Radio
Mocambique in Cabo Delgado; date not given]

[Text] "The problems we are facing are the result of a number of factors:

the persistence of negative trends within the country, an unfavorable inter-
national economic situation and especially the accumulated effects of: on-going
foreign aggression."

This is the opinion of Minister of Finance Abdul Magid Osman, which he ex-
pressed in an interview last week with Radio Mocambique in Cabo Delgado at the
end of a working visit to study the situation at enterprises, schools and
government facilities in this part of the country.

The purpose of the visit was to obtain more exact information on the actual
situation in order to improve and refine the national economic rehabilitation
program now being stressed by the Mozambican government.

"It is necessary for the nation to get out of the current economic situation,
and this presupposes the implementation of measures to rehabilitate production
and promote a sustained recovery of installed capacity, increase net produc-
tion, sustain economic and financial improvement of enterprises to ensure their
profitability, and improve government finances and the stabilization and quali-
fications of the labor force," said Abdul Magid, adding that these measures
are also designed to “check further deterioration of the people's standard of
living and promote gradual improvement by distributing wealth more equitably."

In explaining the main purposes of the rehabilitation program, the finance
minister divided it into three components: resumption of production (1) in the
family sector, (2) the export sector and (3) the industrial production sector
aiding commercialization.

"The family is the most basic element in the resumption of production, but we
now know that the family cannot manage everything alone. It must be coordi-
nated with the commercialization and highway transportation sector. Commer-
cialization requires consumer goods and this is why it is also basic to light
industry and the food industry," said Abdul Magid Osman.

The idea in this regard is that the country should have a. fund of commodities
to be distributed to the people through normal distribution channels and a

28


SOUTH AFRICA

AMEEN AKHALWAYA ADDRESSES OPEN LETTER TO NEW ENVOY TO EC

Durban POST NATAL in English 24-27 Sep 86 p 21

[By Ameen Akhalwaya]

[Text]

AY I add my congratulations to you :

on your appointment by the National

. Party to be its man at the EC in
Brussels?

T note from your interview on Netwerk ‘
on SABC-TV, the Nats’ mouthpiece, that you
believe a lot depends on how a person. reacts
to criticism. Not being politically spotless my-
self, I am not going to sling any mud at you.

But, if I may be so presumptuous, I’ would
like to put to you some questions which I hope
you will.answer without resorting to diplo-
matic evasiveness,

In your own words, your appointment was a
surprise. Since you are not a career diplomat,
your appointment is obviously a political one.

In that case, will you please tell us why the
National Party wants you to be its representa-
tive when it has pointedly refused to open its
membership to people who are not classified
white?

Could you explain how you can be good
enough to represent the Nat Government yet
not be allowed to be a member of the party?

1 am not suggesting you lack the ability to
be a good diplomat. Having watched you on
TV and read some of your writings, I have no
doubt you are a person of outstanding intel-
lect.

But if you are not good enough to join a
party which, not to put too fine a point on it,
appears to be generally lacking in intellect,
isn’t your posting to Brussels window-dress-
ing?

An ambassador’s job is to explain his gov-
ernment’s policies and to defend them. How
are you going to explain why your immediate
boss, Mr Pik Botha, was slapped down by his
party chief, Mr PW Botha, for daring to sug-
gest the possibility of a black head of state in
South Africa?

Mr PW Botha’s statements have made it
clear that a black person cannot become pres-
ident. Do you support that view?

If you don’t, can you explain why a man
such as Nelson Mandela, who clearly has the

99

biggest support of any politician in South Afri- i
ca, cannot lead this country? ;
Can you also explain where you stand on the
question of the Group Areas Act and separate
education? t
I ask because the people who have decided
you should be their representative in Brussels |

“have repeatedly declared the sanctity of sepa-~*

rate racial residential areas and racially seg-
regated schools.

Correct me if I’m wrong, but I think I read
somewhere that you needed a permit to move
into a house in a white area. If that is so,
aren’t you still officially a second class citi-
zen?

Can you defend your employers’ declaration

“of two states of emergency in the past two

years? i

Can you tell us where you stand on the ques-
tion of detention without trial?

From what I remember of the Netwerk in-
terview, I think you claimed that this Gov-
ernment was accepting the need for greater
civil liberties in that it was moving towards a
Bill of Rights.

If that is so, why have the Nats further des-
troyed those rights through the emergency
regulations? Haven’t your employers suffi-
cient powers under the Internal Security Act
to continue depriving people of their civil li-
berties?

You also say you are going to represent
South Africa to the best of your ability. I have
no doubt that you will do your best with your
considerable ability, but are you not being a
little presumptuous? I mean, when did the
people of South Africa choose you to represent
them, to the best or worst of your ability?

If your answer is that you were chosen by
the ruling party, who regards the Nats as
being representative of South Africa? Are you
perhaps not making the classical error, as
your employers do, of equating the National
Party Government with South Africa?

Tm sure you are aware that there are at
least three black-led political groupings which
each enjoy more support than the National



NAMIBIA

EDITORIAL CALLS FOR REMOVAL OF CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Oct 86 p 10

[Text]
The editor of The Nami- 20 factual errors, some Cabinet’s claim that she
bian, Ms Gwen Lister, filed critically important, were ‘justified’ SWAPO’s action.

a lengthy affidavit in which
she answered the govern-
ment on its charges of why
her newspaper should pay
a licence fee of R20 000.
The matter was heard by
Mr Justice Levy who
reserved his judgment at
the end of legal argument
by counsel for the Cabinet
of the interim government
of South West Africa, and
the Free Press of Namibia
(Pty) Limited, publishers of
The Namibian.

In her affidavit, Ms Lister
stated that the Cabinet had
shown gross irregularities in
its: findings on The Nami-
bian. She rejected the govern-
ment’s contention that The
Namibian’s publication
might have to be prohibited
because it may publish
material calculated to en-

danger the security of the.

State or the maintenance of
public order, or that it was
calculated to further the
achievements of any of the
objectives of communism.
The Cabinet decisions, Ms
Lister said, were taken on the
basis of two memoranda laid
before it by the Directorate of
Civil Affairs and Manpower.
No further or other factors
other than these memoranda,
which contained no less than

taken into consideration
when the Cabinet's decision
was made. Therefore, the
Cabinet had failed to apply
its mind and had acted on the
basis of improper and utterly
irrelevant considerations,
also in bad faith in the proper
legal sense.

One of the claims Ms Lister
rejected as an error was the:
suggestion that she enjoyed
close contact with SWAPO.

As a journalist, she said in

her affidavit, she naturally
had contact with members of
SWAPO, which was obvious-
ly necessary to function as a
political reporter and inform-
ed commentator on the coun-
try’s affairs.

She strongly felt that the
attitudes, policies and per-
sonalities of SWAPO were
important to any reporting of
political activities within
South West Africa.

Ms Lister also categorically
denied favouring SWAPO in
her reporting, saying she
sought at all times to portray
the facts as fairly as possible.

She was committed to no
one political. party or group-
ing, and at all times, her
editorial approach had sup-
ported the implementation of
Resolution 435.

Also denied by Ms Lister in
her affidavit was the

35

She agreed she had criticised
the government at times, but,
added Ms Lister, she
vehemently denied-there was
any basis to the notion that
she..could endanger State
security, or the maintenance
of public order. This was in-
dicative of the government’s
failure to.view the material
before it with a selective,
critical eye.

One of the claims Ms Lister
Tejected as ludicrous was a
statement she supposedly
made saying The Namibian
would not. be dependent on
advertisements for financing.
The newspaper, she
countered, was not only
dependent on advertising for
its financing, but also on
sales.

Nor had she ever stated
that The Namibian experienc-
ed no shortage of. financial
support. This too Ms Lister
dismissed as ludicrous, given
she said, the heavy demands
on the establishing of an in-
dependent newspaper
without the institutional and
party political support en-
joyed by certain other
newspapers in the territory.

It_was correct, Ms Lister
continued, that she had been
highly critical of the multi-
party conference. However,
it was a gross distortion to
describe her criticism



UGANDA

NRM OFFERS TRAINING IN 'MILITARY TACTICS OF SELF DEFENSE
Kampala THE TELECAST in English 23 Sep 86 pp 1, 8

[Excerpts] Very soon a bill will be tabled to the National Resistance Coun-
cil (NRC) to legalise the resistance councils so that they perform their
duties more effectively in their respective areas in the Minister of State in
the Office of the Prime Minister Mr Eriya Kategaya said over the weekend.

He was addressing a large gathering at Kawempe who turned up to celebrate
the NRM Victory and a Successful competion of election of Resistance committee
members’ of the area, [as published]

Mr Kategaya said that Resistance committees were started in 1981 at the begin-
ning of the bush war in Bulemezi to give local people a chance to take part
in political affairs of their areas and to exercise their domestic and human
rights,

Mr Kategaya revealed that the NRM government will train all able Ugandans in
military tactics of self-defence and to de-mythify the gun literto used as
instrument of torture, [as published] He noted that although most of
Ugandans were happy with the peaceful atmosphere prevailing in the country,
there are still some who are against the NRM Government because it has dis-
rupted their malpractices like smuggling, hoarding of essential commodities
and amassing wealth,

Welcoming the Minister the SDA Kampala Commander John Kazora praised the har-
monious spirit that exists among the residents of Kawempe division. He said
the people of the area are behind the NRM Government,

Commander Kazora said that due to the cooperation from members of the general
public a number of firearms have been recovered in the area and suspects had
been apprehended. He said that the security situation in Kawempe is encourag-
ing despite a few cases of mischief and house breaking.

19274
CSO: 3400/148

60


MOZAMBIQUE

NIASSA PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT ASSISTS PRIVATE FARMERS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 13 Sep 86 p 8

[Article by Ernesto Zucule: "Resources Must be Concentrated to Improve
Management"]

[Text] In a move to concentrate efforts to improve the management of’ scarce
economic, financial and human resources, and also ensure a greater return from
priority farming sectors in the province, the Niassa government is concentrat~
ing this year on the family and state sectors from which it hopes to obtain
sufficient or reasonable quantities of food for its nearly 700,000 inhabitants
at the end of the campaign to be initiated this month. To this end, it was
explained that it would be mandatory for each family to farm two hectares and
that over 2,000 hectares of cereal crops must be raised for the government
sector, according to Mariano Matsinha, provincial manager.

The family sector, which is considered top priority, and to which the govern-
ment has assigned basic specialists with highly specific goals, was made res-
ponsible for producing the greatest possible harvests of second-season crops
(butter beans and soybeans) and for introducing this year the so-called peren-
nial dry-land crops such as sweet potatoes, manioc and bananas.

In order to achieve this goal, the government has assigned the few agricultural
specialists that it has to the districts considered to be the largest producers
in the province in an investment in semi-qualified personnel trained to (1)
teach the new recommended farming technology to the family sector and (2) en-
courage farmers to diversify their crops.

This strategy is based on excellent results obtained in the last two years in
some districts where these basic specialists, who are also called extension
agents, performed their work brilliantly, mobilizing hundreds of farmers to
give up raising single crops of beans or corn at their collective farms and to
adopt new farming techniques that turn out to be advantageous, successfully
switching to sweet potatoes and manioc, long considered crops appropriate to
the southern part of the country.

Mariano Matsinha, Niassa leader, stated that the report on the work done by
extension agents in the family sector shows excellent results. In fact, due
to the results achieved in the province, it is possible to have sweet potatoes
in some districts and manioc in others, due to an initiative which is spread-
ing throughout Niassa.

31



NEED SEEN TO DEVELOP AGRICULTURE TO REPLACE COPPER REVENUES
Duesseldorf HANDELSBLATT in German 4 Sept 86 p 10

(Unattributed article, Duesseldorf, 3 Sept 86: "Extreme Foreign Debt and
Severely Sinking Copper Prices -- Lusaka Must Make Use of the Big Agricultural
Potential")

[Text] Zambia's President Kenneth Kaunda, spokesman for the black African
Frontline States that demanded tough economic sanctions against South Africa
at the London Commonwealth Conference, is facing growing difficulties in his
own country, which is already in serious economic trouble. The real national
product will probably stagnate in 1986 and rise by 0.5 percent in 1987. It
declined by 1.5 percent in 1985 and a total of 7.3 percent since 1981. With
an annual population growth rate of 3.2 percent, the per capital income has
gone down by about 30 percent since 1976.

Copper production, which reached its peak in 1976 with 713,000 tons and had
dramatically fallen to 479,000 tons by 1985, could again drop off in 1986,
according to production data from the first quarter. The causes of the long-
term negative trend are growing production costs, exhaustion of high-grade
deposits, increasing mining depth, lack of foreign exchange for importing
goods needed for production, and the decline in the world copper price.
Copper accounts for roughly 80 percent of Zambian exports. ‘The production of
cobalt, Zambia's second most important nonferrous metal, will also probably
decline in 1986. The country has 18 percent of the known world reserves.

The reforms in agriculture, such as raising the producer prices for corn and
abolishing the state monopoly in the sale and transport of corn and
fertilizers, are improving supply: around 8.5 million sacks of corn should
come onto the market in 1986 (1985: 7.1 million sacks). Still, Zambia intends
to import at least another 0.5 million sacks. Agriculture contributed only 17
percent to the national product in 1984.

Net Importer of Foodstuffs
Only 16 percent of the land area is used agriculturally at present, although
60 percent is cultivatable. Zambia has a considerable potential for building

up a livestock economy and a broadly scattered cultivation of subtropical
fruits. Zambia became a net importer of foodstuffs in the late 1970's because

63



19274
cso:

3400/132

Party does. How do you feel about the fact
that at least one of them is not even allowed
to operate legally in this country? =~

I'think you will agree that you will repre-
sent only the National Party Government, and
perhaps one or two peripheral parties that
enjoy little popular support. You certainly
will not speak for the ANC, PAC, UDF, Azapo,
Inkatha, Sacos, National Forum, Cosatu, Cusa,
Azactu, or for that matter the Conservative
Party, the HNP or the AWB.

Would you agree that the government you
represent is part of a small minority that be-
lieves that Nelson Mandela and other political
prisoners should not be released uncondition-
ally, and organisations such as the ANC and
PAC remain banned?

Again from what I remember of your Net-
werk interview, I think you said you didn’t
believe in violence. Are you perhaps implying
that the only alternative to violence is work-
ing with the National Party?

If so, are you suggesting that those millions
of us who despise the policies and practices of
the National Party also support violence?

Are you suggesting that the National Party’
does not practise violence? I am not talking
only about structural violence. Under the:
emergency regulations, I cannot elaborate,
but I hope that during your diplomatic tour,
you will take a little time to watch some video
recordings about South Africa.

As an ambassador, you, a law academic,
will be asked to answer some tricky questions.
about the conduct of the government you rep-
resent, such as: when the courts knock out
some laws that deny us our basic rights, why
does the Government circumvent the courts
by enacting legislation to close the loopholes?

Finally, in wishing you well in trying to
represent the unrepresentable, may I ask you
this parting question: why are you, a learned
person, a man of intellect and wisdom, a man
who will straddle the corridors of internation-
al power and be addressed as Your Excel-
lency, not allowed to vote for your employer,
the National Party? :

100


SENEGAL

BRIEFS

ISLAMIC AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE--The Islamic Agricultural Institute at Niaga is
rapidly taking shape. A visit to the construction site by Pakistan's ambassador
to Senegal provided an opportunity to assess the financial commitment of the
Islamic Nations [UMMA] to swift completion of the project. The Pakistani
ambassador last Wednesday toured the site of the future institute at Niaga

(25 km northwest of Dakar), escorted by the project's promoter, Marabou Ahmed
Khalifa Niasse, along with Tidiane Ly, adviser to the Office of the President.
The Institute, whose twofold mission will be to teach the religious practices
of Islam and to train engineers in agronomy, will be built on 400 hectares
near the shores of Lac Rose, and will include a major building complex. The
grand mosque at the project's heart, according to Niasse, will be the only one
in the world whose minaret will completely surround a water tower with the
capacity to irrigate 80 hectares of wood-lot and 250 hectares of market gardens.
The institute is officially designated a non-governmental agency (NGO), but
will nevertheless be getting adirect governmental support in financing, design,
and completion. Total financing for the Institute will come to 6 billion
francs Cfa, to be available in two 3-billion Cfa lump-sums. Only the first
will benefit by outside contributions, while the latter will be funded out of
earnings by the project itself over its first 5 years of operation, The
United Arab Emirates have already released 500 million francs, while 300
million more is expected from Pakistan. Major contributions will be forth-
coming from Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Kuwait, Tunisia, Libya, and
Morocco, whose King Hussein, with Abdou Diouf, is honorary co-chairman of the
Institute. "The Moroccan sovereign himself will supervise the collection of
funds from his peers," Niasse said. [Excerpts] [Dakar LE SOLEIL in French
19-20 Jul 86 p 6] 6182/9835

NUMBER OF PARTIES QUESTIONED--There are 16 political parties in our country, and
that is proof positive that we enjoy a mulit-party democracy unique in the
Third World, and rare enough anywhere else. It is also clearly the hallmark
of an adult, thoughtful, and confident people. Even so, the question now
becomes: what good are all these parties, each of which purports to provide
us with a plan for a new society which, in the long run, would merely
transform Senegal into a gigantic Tower of Babel? The ridiculously precious
intellectualism paraded by some of the leaders of those parties has not re-
duced malnutrition or sated hunger of dispelled the economic and moral dis-
array in which our people are left groping. The good news is that their
message goes unheard by the people, because its esoteric rhetoric soars to
unattainable heights. The truth is that the people need something more than

41



NINE NEW JEUGKRAG BRANCHES~-The Youth for South Africa (Jeugkrag) organiza-
tion, founded by Afrikaans-speaking students this year to promote dialogue
and co-operation across the colour line, is about to establish nine more
branches around the country, At present, Youth for South Africa has four
branches, two in Bloemfontein, one at RAU and at the University of Potchef-
stroom, Within the next few months, further branches are to be established
in Paarl, Johannesburg, Pretoria, Vereeniging and Wepener. Branches will also
be established on Afrikaans university campuses in Stellenbosch, Pretoria,
Port Elizabeth and another in Potchefstroom, Youth for South Africa is a
multi-racial organisation that wants one central Parliament for all South
Africans and openly campaigns against laws based on racial discrimination.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 86 p 15] /9274

cso: 3400/135

83



/9317

now holds 1,4 million
people. Before indepen-
dence from the Portu-
guese, Luanda rarely
had more than 400000
inhabitants.

Last year the MPLA
government's’ income
totalled more than
$2000 million — 92 per
cent of which came from
the oil-rich Cabinda en-
clave north of the Zaire
river. This year its in-
come has been slashed
by the fall in world oil
prices and by reduced
output at the country’s
main diamond mines at
Andrada and Cafunfo,
both of which have been
attacked by Unita in the

past two years.

One Western diplomat
in Luanda .estimates
that the government will
have about a third of
last year’s income at its
disposal this year.

csO: 3400/190

It is this grim econ-
omic outlook, as much
as the stiffening of Unita
with US arms, which has
Jed President Dos San-
tos and his advisers to
make their overture to
the Reagan administrat-
ion, according to observ-
ers here.

Even without’ Stinger
missiles Unita has the
continued backing of
South Africa, and Fa-
pla’s Soviet advisers and
Cuban allies have shown
a marked reluctance to
provoke stronger inter-
vention by Pretoria.

A raid earlier last
month on the Fapla base
at Cuito Cuanavale,
north of Mavinga, by aj
battalion of mainly An-
“golan dissidents, was
driven off with claims of
considerable losses.

Whether the MPLA
leaders are sending
peace feelers to Unita
via Washington is less
certain. Sources close to
the MPLA leadership
say they are “incensed
and genuinely dis-
mayed” by Washinton’s
decision to arm Jonas
Savimbi’s Unita forces,
whom they repudiate as
“Botha’s puppets”.

Meanwhile, giant
Soviet transport planes
are still flying their car-
gos in and out of Luanda
at the rate of up to 10 a
day in the shadow of a
giant painting of the
MPLA founder and sol-
dier-poet, the late Agos-
tinho Neto. The slogan
underneath declares
1986 as “the year of the
defence of the popular
revolution” — in tacit
admission of testing
times Angolans are liv-
ing through.


Private Farming of Communal Tracts Urged by Minister
(Jim Freeman; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 30. Sep 86) ...eesee.

SENEGAL
Briefs
Islamic Agricultural Institute
Number of Parties Questioned
Half Mango Crop Wasted
Agricultural Institute Reorganized
SOMALIA

Minister of Information Details Arabization. Policy
(Mohamed Omar Jess Interview; AL-ITTIHAD, 20 Jul 86) ......

SWAZILAND

Briefs
Ingwavuma Refugees Threaten Mozambicans

TANZANIA

President Calls for Continued Pressure on Pretoria
(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 9 Sep 86) -csecccecsccecccecececceces

Protocol Signed With PRC, Zambia on Tazara
(TANZANIA. DAILY NEWS, 16 Aug 86) .ccccccccececccecceccecees

Nyerere Urges Private Sector To Help Development
(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 9 Sep 86) .cccccececccevecccccssevers

TOGO
Official Details Coup Attempt for Press Conference
(Kpotivi Tevi Djidjogbe Lacle; Lome Domestic Service,
29 Sep 86) ccccccevcvecevcvccccccvcvesevcccccscsseussssreeee
UGANDA
NRM Offers Training in ‘Military Tactics of Self Defense’
(THE TELECAST, 23 Sep 86) . eavcccsccccecs
Muslim Association Seminar Held in Jinja
(FOCUS, 23 Sep 86) ....-- ae cccescccccses
ZAMBIA

Need Seen To Develop Agriculture To Replace Copper Revenues
CHANDELSBLATT,. 4 Sep 86) .csccsecccecececvccecccecsvesevses

39

41
41
42
42

43

48

49

51

52

53

60

61

63



something ‘was doné soon
about this memory-intensive
system, Namibia would be ina
serious predicament.

“We have fallen behind in
the race to keep up with a
changing society,’ he said.

Another problem area iden-
tified was that present curricu-
lahad lost touch with theneeds
of the world.

One of the areas of most ve-
hement discontent among stu-
dents interviewed by The Ad-
vertiser was “the irrelevance”
of much of what they were
studying.

But, while the commission
of inquiry concerned itself

with the overall control and °

structure of Namibian educa-
tion, details were necessarily

overlooked — among these the :

considerations of curriculum

planning, of teacher involve- +

ment in this planning and of
pupil feedback as an ingredient
in curriculum development.

Atthe moment, there exists
avery efficient top-downwards
communication, but this is not
a two way street, one academic
complained.

What of working condi-
tions?

“Weare treated like children,
with inspectors or ‘advisers’
policing every aspect of our
teaching - from sitting in on
lessons to going over our
records and schemes of work
with fine toothcombs.

“J feel very strongly that it is
a slur on my professionalism,’
said one teacher who preferred
not to be named.

Not one of the teachers or
academics interviewed was
prepared to be identified, for
fear of retaliation by the edu-
cation authorities. :

One of the ‘ongoing
problems experienced by the
authorities is that of recruit-
ing, motivation and retention
of the best teachers.

Why?

“If you pay peanuts, you get
monkeys;’ was the consensus.

So while the debate rages on
about salaries, and while the
authorities hand out titbits
from time to time, the best
teachers leave for new pastures
in order to pay the bills.

And what of the children?

They labour on disinterest
ed, unmotivated and unstimu-

Jated. For various reasons their
scholastic achievements are
not up to standard.

Consequently, many
Namibian students perform
incredibly poorly in their first
year at university?

. The real trouble lies, in the
fact that school children are
not taught to think for them-
selves.

Is it then the teachers who
are to blame?

“Teachers are evaluated
‘quantitatively,’ a spokesman
for the faculty of education at
the Academy said, “with the
result that they are under con-
siderable pressure to stick to a
rigid syllabus and to coach the
pupils in the techniques neces-
sary to score well in the final ex-
aminations:’

It goes'without saying that
this is far removed from true
education,

The question of why exami-
nations should have time limits
was met with shrugged shoul-
ders all round. Nobody seemed
to know. And open book ex-
aminations? A sound educa-
tional idea, but one which
seemed to be in permanent
educational quarantine.

19317
csO: 3400/201

38


ZIMBABWE

COMMERCIAL FARMERS LOOKING FOR ALTERNATIVES TO MAIZE

More Oilseeds To Be Planted

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 26 Sep 86 pp 17, 19

[Text]

EARLY indications based on cur-
rent seed sales suggest that while
the maize hectarage in the peasant
areas will remain roughly the
same ‘as last year, commercial
farmers are looking seriously at
other crops and will be planting
substantailly more oilseeds during
the coming season.

A spokesman for the Commercial
Grain Producers’ Association said
there could be a reduction of maize
in the commercial areas of up to

Mr George Hutchison, of the
Commercial Oilseeds Producers’
Association, said this week that
Copa was expecting a significant in-
crease in the hectarage of ground-
nuts, soyabeans and sunflower
seeds.

While commercial farmers last
year planted about 2 200 hectares
of groundnuts they might plant as
many as 3 500ha this year, he said.
He had gathered from reports that
many farmers woutd be producing
the crop for the first time, starting
with 5 to 10ha with a view to ex-
panding slowly.

He said that as groundnuts were
a sophisticated crop it was advisa-
ble that farmers began with small
hectarages.

‘While commercial farmers plant-
‘ed about 42 000ha of soyas last year
farmers had indicated much interest

in the crop and might plant between
50 000 and 55 000ha of soyabeans
this year.

Skills, machinery and available:
time to harvest would be limiting
factors in the expansion of the crop.

Mr Innes Louw, marketing
manager of the Seed Co-op, which
is estimated to supply about 98% of
the country’s hybrid maize seed, :
said sales so far indicated that there
was less interest among commercial
farmers in maize this year but that,
sales to communal farmers were up
on last year.

However, he said that many
farmers had bought their seed early.

There had been a dramatic in-
crease in the sales of soyabeans over
the amount sold at the same time last

year.

He said that while November was
normally the buying month for soya
seed his company had already sold
7 000 pockets this month compared
with only 100 during September last
year.

The company had sold 40 000
pockets last year. -—

Mr David Rezin, marketing c
ordinator for Savanna Seeds, said
there had already been a tremendous
increase in demand for sunflower
seed over last year.

Farmers normally bought their
seed for sunflower in October and
November but his company had al-

69

ready virtually sold out one of two
varieties.

He said oil expressors had been
promoting sunflowers and that
many farmers were going to grow
the crop for the first time.

His company had last year sold
ut its entire sunflower seed produc-
tion and had stepped up production
this year.

‘Turning to maize, he said that in
the less-than-ideal maize growing
areas there seemed to be a trend to
switch to hybrid varieties with a
high stress tolerance,and which.
needed lower inputs but still provid-
ed good, rather than maximum,
yields. ~

He said sales of yellow seed maize
were performing well, probably as
farmers intended feeding much of
the crop to their livestock.

He had noticed no great fluctua-
tion in interest in grain sorghum.

‘A spokesman for the Grain Mar-
keting Board, which is a major sup-
plier of groundnuts, said the GMB
expecting a substantial increase in
the size of the crop.

The current intake of groundnuts,
he said, had already exceeded by far
previous predictions based on last
year’s seed sales.

Many farmers especially in the
communal areas, had last year re-
tained seed, a pattern which could
persist during the current harvest.



HIGHLIGHTS OF NATIONAL PARTY PROVINCIAL CONGRESSES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 86 p 19
[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

.EAST LONDON — The National Party provincial con- .
gresses have ended with a Government commitment to
continuing reform in all spheres of life but with no details of
how this is going to be brought about.

The congresses did, however, yield several important develop-
ments. These included: .
@A definite softening on the position of segregated residential
areas and schools, with the Government still committed to these
concepts in principle but on the basis of where it is practicable
and possible.

President Botha paved the way for integrated suburbs on the
basis that the Group Areas Act should be made more flexible. He
said he did not object to affluent areas being opened to every-
one but that this could not be allowed in working class suburbs.

@ The Separate Amenities Act is obviously on its way out after Mr
Botha’s declaration that he had never thought it was necessary.

@ Chinese South Africans are to get the vote, but they will have to
‘decide for themselves with which population group they wish to «
identify themselves. .
@ A new financial management system which includes a five-year
plan and a 10-year forecast with regard to State expenditure is to
be introduced in next year’s Budget. an . hoo
@The Deputy Minister in charge of black education, Mr Sam de
Beer, told the Cape congress that the binding power of sport, espe-
cially at school level, could play a mighty role in the country’s
heterogeneous society.

@The R4000 million Lesotho Highlands Water Project has been
agreed to in principle by South Africa and Lesotho:

@ The Government has accepted the desirability of a Bill of Rights,
although this must take into account both individual as well as
group rights.

@The Natal/kwaZulu Indaba was given sympathetic treatment,
with the Government committing itself to a referendum of all the
people of the region if any proposals for a sharing of power in the
region became a reality.

Early election speculation

The Nationalist congress season opened with an extraordinary
federal congress in Durban in August at which five resolutions
outlining broad party policy on economic development, constitu-
tional reform, regional relations and law and order were adopted.

It ended with the Cape National Party congress in East London
this week.

Highlights of the congresses included the rise and fall of feverish
speculation about an early election and an_ internal

19274 78
cSO: 3400/135

SOUTH AFRICA

party polemic about group res-
idential areas and segregated
schools.

Dr Stoffel van der Merwe of
the NP’s federal information
directorate said in an interview
yesterday that the National
Party had been through a pro-
cess of rapid change.

It needed a breathing space
to catch up with itself. :

Dr van der Merwe added
that the Nationalists had ab-
sorbed shocks of the recent
past, including foreign pressure
and domestic violence.

It is clear that to the Nation-
alist insiders the congresses
were important events aimed
at stabilising the party at a
time of great pressure on the
Government but to.the many
millions of ordinary South Afi-
cans whose lives are governed
by the policies adopted, the
gatherings were disappointing
with regard to endemic unrest
and prospects for constitution-
al negotiations with black lead-
ers.


“920093

JPRS-SSA-B6-109
1 NOVEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report — -

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE Oe

- | REPRODUCED By i
| U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL,
INFORMATION SERVICE
_SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161



rural or urban environments that are isolated from the modernised industrial~
ised segment of the population. Consequently the technological revolution that
has changed the lives of millions of people across the world has had hardly
any effect on the lifestyle of a large percentage of blacks in South Africa,"
Despite South Africa's high degree of modernisation, the average black person
in most of the homelands has, on account of this physical and cultural isola—
tion, to a large extent continued to maintain the lifestyle of his fore~
fathers,

The demographers give details of three projections they compiled for the black
population: one being if influx control had been maintained; the second re-
flecting the effect of the systems scrapping; and the third combining the
second with an envisaged industrialisation programme for the homelands. Only
one projection has been made for the white, coloured and Indian populations

as they are already largely urbanised and were never subject to influx control.
"It is clear that the whites, Indians and coloureds will only gradually in-
erease from their present total of eight million to about 13 million by the
year 2010 because of their already low and still declining fertility."

Starting with a figure of 22 million in 1980 for all three projections for
blacks, the demographers say that if influx control had been maintained,
their total population would have increased to 37 million by the year 2000,
160 million by the year 2050, and to 846 million by 2100. With the system
scrapped, the respective figures would be 35 million, 85 million and 132
million. A combination of the scrapped system with industrialisation in the
homelands would result in respective populations of 35 million, 67 million
and 73 million,

"Blacks relatively youthful population structure and present high fertility
vate indicate a capacity for continued very fast population growth. A sharp
decline in the growth rate could, however, be brought about by rapidly replac-
ing the largely traditional way of life of blacks in the national states with
a more modern industry-orientated urban lifestyle."

their projections indicate that the longer the large-scale integration of
blacks in an industrialised urban society is postponed, the more the popula-
tion is likely to expand before growth ceases. "It is clear, however, that
while influx control and continuing under-development of the national states
could lead to alarmingly high population numbers, large-scale poverty together
with an increase in mortality among the total population would probably pre-
vent these numbers from being realised, In contrast to measures used in the
past whereby attempts were made through legislation to effect population re-
distribution and segregation on a racial basis, pragmatic economic measures
applied now would succeed in bringing about a rational population distribu~
tion. Such measures would have the additional advantage of curbing popula-
tion growth.”

The demographers, however, warn the total potential urban population should
not be concentrated mainly in the existing four metropolitan:complexes, par-
ticularly the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereniging area. This is because of
practical problems involving the provision of sufficient high-density housing,

104


Country Offers Investors Access to Foreign Markets
(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 1 Oct 86) vecscccecvccvcccscucees

Briefs
EEC Grant

LIBERIA

ECOM Releases Timetable for Elections
(PANA, 2 Oct 86) .cecececcevcecesveve

Briefs
Doe Protests Attacks
SUNTIMES Newspaper Fined
FRG Freezes Loans
Businesses Threaten Closure
Dissolution of NDPL Urged
ECOWAS Protocol Criticized
Relations With Nigeria 'Cordial'

MOZAMBIQUE

Paper Updates Progress of General Elections
(RANA, 9 Oct 86) ceveccccceccccecsecccescecavecceseseeecees

Inadequacies of Beira Corridor, Harbor Facilities Reviewed
(Robert von Lucius; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 13 Sep 86) ....

Hostage-Taking Seen as Discredit to Renamo
(0 DIABO, 9. Sep 86) .eeseccavececaccecetoveccsenseceeeesers

Pateguana Visits Mandlhakaze District
(NOTICIAS, 17 Sep 86) .ssseccseeccccseccccnscccesneeseeene

Finance Minister Discusses Working Visit to Cabo Delgado
(Abdul Magid Osman Interview; NOTICIAS, 19 Sep 86) ........

Niassa Provincial Government Assists Private Farmers
(Ernesto Zucule; NOTICIAS, 13 Sep 86) .cscesceccesccecscees

NAMIBIA

Editor Denies Backing Armed Struggle or Favoring SWAPO
(THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 4 Oct 86) ...sssecccccscvcvccsceces

Editorial. Calls for Removal of Central Government
(THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 4 Oct 86) ...cseececccscccccecceres

Educational System Said To Retard Economic Growth
(Duncan Meyer; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 30 Sep 86) ...sesee

-b-

13

14

19

20

23

26

28

31

33

35

37


urban infrastructure, transport networks, schools, and health and sanitation
services, "Mega cities could give rise to far-reaching social problems,
including a persistently high level of population growth."

The development of alternative industry-based metropolitan complexes in or
near the homelands would in the long run benefit not only the urban popula-
tion, but would also promote the socio-economic advancement of the neighbour~
ing rural population.

The importance of pragmatic economic planning extends further than the in-
fluencing of demographic trends--geographic and racial inequalities in re-
spect of social, economic and political development could at the same time be
eliminated, the demographers say,

19274
CSO; 3400/138

105



MOZAMBIQUE

PATEGUANA VISITS MANDLHAKAZE DISTRICT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Sep 86 p 2

[Excerpt] "We have gotten to know and honor those who were exemplary in the
resistance to Portuguese colonialism, those who today are teaching the armed
bandits a lesson," said Francisco Pateguana upon his arrival in Mandlhakaze
District on his first working visit of ten days to this area of Gaza Province.

Some 20,000 people enthusiastically welcomed the first secretary and governor
of Gaza Province, who was received by Col Gen Fernando Matavele, military com-
mander of Gaza Province, who made a special trip to this part of the province
to do so.

Following traditional welcoming ceremonies, Francisco Pateguana, who was accom-
panied by members of the government, visited district headquarters, formerly
the Col Galhardo Primary School, now known as the Eduardo Mondlane Primary
School, where the first president of FRELIMO began his education.

While at Mandlhakaze headquarters, Pateguana and his entourage heard explana-
tions about the local monument where the emperor of Gaza, Ngungunhane, made
the most important decisions about his empire. Afterwards, the Gaza governor
travelled to Nwadjahane Commune, the birthplace of the first president of
FRELIMO, where he was greeted by over 15,000 people.

Nwadjahane is 17 km from Mandlhakaze district headquarters and is one of the
eight villages comprising Chalala, a new administrative subdivision. The mes-
sage read on the occasion praised the people's support in liquidating armed
banditry, an effort which contributed to the fact that today it is possible to
travel without fear to any village in the area, which has a population of over
13,000.

The area is served by a small factory producing juices, syrups and wine made
from pineapple, oranges and cashew fruit. The factory is located in the
Laranjeiras Commune.

Pateguana gave a speech following the ceremony presenting local agricultural
produce as an offering, a traditional symbol of the residents' commitment to
combat famine. -

The governor's speech exhorted the people to continue in their determination
to resist armed and unarmed bandits.

26


He was asked what would happen if the leaders did not comply with the demand
that they bring their children back into the troubled townships.

Mr Gogotya replied: "It leaves us with no option but to see the whole thing
moving towards further violence against these leaders.

"Because these children are now frustrated that the children of these leaders
are not with them.

“They are not joining the struggle with them.
"They are continuing with their education.

“and the whole thing is going to work this way that if and when that freedom
does come...the children of these leaders will come back and lead these
uneducated masses."

NECC Condemns Threat
MB061612 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1523 GMT 6 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 6 Oct (SAPA)--The National Education Crisis Committee
(NECC) has strongly condemned a statement on SABC-IV news last night that
"radical" black pupils had warned leaders of some political groups to send
their children to school in troubled townships.

In an interview with SABC's Cliff Saunders, the chairman of an organisation
called Operation Advance and Upgrade, Mr John Gogotya, said "radical" black
pupils insisted political leaders from organisations such as the United
Democratic Front enrol their children in "troubled" townships schools before
the end of 1987.

The president of the NECC, Mr Vusi Khanyile, said he disagreed with the "wild
allegations" that children of political leaders were being told to attend
township schools. "We have not received any complaints from parents that they
are being pressurised to send their children to schools in the so-called
unrest areas," he said.

In the SABC interview Mr Gogotya said: "The children who are not in the
struggle--the children of the leaders of these organisations--have been
spirited away by these organisations and leaders to some schools, either in
the posh white areas or outside the country."

The children of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Dr Ntatho Motlana, chairman of the
Soweto Committee of Ten, and Mr Percy Qoboza, the editor of CITY PRESS, were
named as those "not in the struggle."

Mr Gogotya said if such leaders did not comply with the demand that their

children return to the troubled townships, "further violence would be aimed
against these leaders."

85



Other functions which were transferred to various departments were:

-- "Sojourn control" in respect of black non-South African citizens--to Home
Affairs;

-- Certification of import requirements for black labour and the registration
of recruiting and employment agencies--to Manpower;

-~ Claims on the South African Development Trust Fund--to Development Aid;

-- Land surveying services associated with black local authorities and the
registration of deeds regarding blacks in the Johannesburg area--to Public
Works and Land Affairs; and

-- Certain health matters--to National Health and Population Development.

Mr Heunis said staff who dealt with the affected functions would be
transferred as soon as practically possible to their respective receiving
institutions.

As far as the provinces were concerned, Parliament would now have to approve
their budgets in the absence of provincial councils. Furthermore, the
administrators, members of executive councils and the provincial secretary, in
his capacity as accounting official, could be called before standing
committees of Parliament on finance and public accounts to account for the
handling of public income and expenditures. The committees would consist only
of MP's elected in the respective provinces. Proclamations that adminis-
trators wish to issue would first be published for comment and then be
approved by the standing committee for Parliament of the specific province
before being issued.

"It is clear that the contemplated parliamentary control over provincial
affairs will be effective to such an extent that the second tier of government
will not be bureaucratised.

"If a need for a provincial legislature again develops. in future, during the |
unfolding of the constitutional reform process, it will of course be evaluated
on merit," Mr Heunis said.

He expressed his thanks and appreciation to the personnel in all departments
involved in the exercise.

19599
CSO: 3400/142

80


BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

RAIL TAKEOVER ON SCHEDULE--Gaborone--The takeover of Zimbabwe Railways by
its Botswana counterpart is on schedule. Ten new Canadian locomotives
have arrived in Lobatse for Botswana Railways which plans to have 32
locomotives, costing R36 million, in time for next year's takeover.—-
The Star's Africa News Service [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English
18 Sep 86 p 13] /9317

CSO: 3400/194


19274
cso:

3400/152

Guyana was playing in that
regard and that the country
deplored the Reagan ad-
ministration’s policy of _in-
terfering in the internal affairs of
Nicaragua.

Noting the need —_ for
developing countries to continue
to work together in search of a
more equitable world economic
order, President Mwinyi said
deteriorating terms of trade and
increasingly heavy debt burdens
were of concern.

He said lack of political will in
the North had frustrated
demands by developing coun-
tries for major . structural
changes which were necessary in
the international economic and
financial system and hence the
need to work closely together.

President Mwinyi said on the
light of this, hope now lied on
South-South co-operation and in
collective self-reliance. He said
this was an ideal which must
now be pursued with renewed
vigour because it would not only
result into the improvement of
economies but would also
enhance the collective
bargaining power “in our
demands for just returns of our
labour’.

“It is also an ideal which will
fortify our capacity —_ for
sustaining our cherished non-
aligned posture in foreign af-
fairs’’, he said.

The President saluted the
Guyanese people for their pur-
suance of a vigorous non-aligned
policy and for the contribution
that country had made towards
the cause and ideals of the Non-
Aligned Movement.

He said the friendship bet-
ween the two countries was a
consequence of the common
struggle towards socialist tran-
sformation, social and economic
development, freedom, justice
and equality.

He said this had been
strengthened by the co-operation
the two countries had in
education, youth and cultural
affairs. ‘The National Service
(JKT) steel band was trained in
Guyana.

50


CSIR GIVES HOUSING STATISTICS

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 28 Sep 86 p 4

[Article by Sol Morathi]

[Text]

19274
cso:

THERE jis ‘a shortage of
more than 500 000 houses
for black people in urban

areas, but there is a surplus :

of 37000 houses for
whites.

According to
mists, the R750-m the Na-
tionalist. government has
set aside for housing will
only reduce the shortage by
five to 10%.

econo- »

But the total expendi- ;
ture of this money is condi- '

tional as much depends on
the township situation and
land availability.

‘Dr Tobie de Vos of the
Council for Scientific and
Industrial Research’s
National Building Institute
in Pretoria said in his re-
port that there is a shortage
of.almost 600 000 homes.

He said there is'a surplus
of 37 000 homes for whites,
a shortage of $2 000 homes
for. coloureds, 44000 for
Asians and 538000 for

‘black people.

De Vos found severe
overcrowding in many
areas — especially black
townships. He points out
that the fact that 7,4 mil-
lion people live in 466 000
relatively small “housing
units, clearly shows the se-
riousness of the situation.

In March last year the
urban housing siock for
whites was 1,2 million,
394000 for coloureds,

3400/131

141000 for Asians and
466 000 for black people.

The white population at
the time was 4,9 million,
with 2,9 millon coloureds,
871.000 Asians and 18,8
million black people. By
March last year, it would
have been neccessary to
provide about a million
homes at ‘5,94 people per
home to house all urban
blacks, he said.

De Vos also found that
the situation was somewhat
relieved by township ten-
ants allowing: backyard
squatting, but this still gave
rise to families who paid
R32- for house . rental,
charging squatters R80 per
month, -

92

SOUTH AFRICA

He blames the Group |

Areas Act’s forced remov-
als for having given rise to
the serious social and finan-
cial problems. He said no
proper forward planning is
possible as Group Areas
decisions are not made by
local authorities, but by a
central government depart-
ment.

De Vos believes the time
has come to consider the
creation of “grey” residen-
tial areas where everyone
can live together by choice.
Such a step, he adds, will
greatly relieve the frustra-
tions of people who are un-
able to buy reasonable
housing in their own areas.



Farmers

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE

[Text]

AS a result of this week’s state-
ment by the Minister of Agricul-
ture on maize, ‘it is likely that
there will be an increase in in-
terest in groundnuts, and a num-
ber of growers may be thinking of
growing groundnuts for the first
‘time.

The Commercial Oilseeds
Producers’ Association has present-
ed the following points as a guide
to potential growers.

Cultivars are divided into three
main groups according to the time
‘they take to reach maturity. The cul-
tivars currently available in Zim-
babwe together. with their charac-
teristics are presentéd in Table I.

Because of the length of season
of the long-season group it is gener-
ally not possible to grow them
without irrigation. Short-season cul-
tivars can usually be grown without
irrigation. Yield potential of early-
planted long-season cultivars is
almost double that attainable with
short-season cultivars grown under
dryland conditions.

- The medium-season cultivar
‘Swallow has a growing period about
two weeks longer than short-season
cultivars. It should give good yields
when planted with irrigation in late
October or early November. Swal-
low may also yield well if water-
planted ahead of the rains.

It is believed to have some seed
dormancy at harvest and should not
be too prone to sprouting.

Seed is available from the Grain
Marketing Board; enquiries should
be addressed to the Local Sales
Department, Kurima House, Harare.

wony limited supplies of the new
cultivars, Swallow and Plover, will
be available. Seed of the short-

May Consider Groundnuts

(Farming) in English 3 Oct 86 p 17

season ‘*Spanish”” type is available
from GMB depots in Rusape and
Masvingo. Seed is also available
from the Farmers’ Co-op; the Bob

White cultivar is only available

from there.

Remember that short-season cul-
tivars do not have. seed dormancy
at maturity. They do give good
yields when planted early with ir-
Tigation, but should not be planted
so early that there is a risk of har-
vesting during wet weather, when
losses due to sprouting may occur.
Long-season yields are markedly
depressed if planted later than the
recommended dates.

Details of row spacing and plant-
ing arrangements are contained in
the Oilseed handbook.

If groundnuts have -not been
grown before on the land chosen it
may be advisable to inoculate seed
to ensure that sufficient Rhizobia
bacteria are present to give good
nodulation; this is available from
Seed Co-op Ltd.

There are several important pests
and diseases.

‘The groundnut hopper, Hilda
patruelis may invade fields any time
after emergence. Once they enter
the crop and burrow below ground
level they are very difficult to
control.

Small black ants around the base
of the plant are a sure sign of hilda,
but once the plants have been affect-
ed and show signs of yellowing and
wilting they are past saving.

The most effective way to control
hilda is to 0 prevent it becoming es-

the crop. Since they only
hop short distances a preventive
spraying of Carbaryl (kg/ha)
around the field at planting, at emer-
gence and again two weeks later,

71

can be very effective.

It is best to spray a strip around
the field with a tractor sprayer, hav-
ing one half.of the boom over the
crop while the other half covers the
surrounds.

Aphids are vectors of groundnut
rosette virus (GRV): It is not known
when and from where the aphidis
arrive, and they do not always car-
Ty rosette, but can cause physical
damage to plants witout transmitting
the disease.

Generally the aphids first appear
soon after the onset of the rains. A
prophylactic spray of Dimethoate or
Monocrotophos at six to eight
weeks after planting could be very
beneficial in destroying aphids as
soon as they arrive, as they do not
need long to feed and transmit the
virus. Plants infected with GRV at
an early stage do not yield.

Foliar diseases usually become
evident in mid- to late December
and are most commonly leafspot,
caused by Cercospora arachidico-
Ja, and web blotch caused by Pho-
ma arachidicola,

Control of these diseases usually
results in increased yields in long-
season cultivars and five to eight ap-
plications of fungicide are usually
cost-beneficial.

Short-season cultivars are usual-
ly more susceptible, but control may
only be economically feasible where
yields are potentially good. In dry
Season or marginal rainfall areas
there may be no advantage in apply-
ing fungicides. Under very dry con-
ditions yields may even be
depressed by fungicide application.

A number of chemicals have been
found to control these diseases ef-
fectively; details in the Handbook.

Harvesting is labour-intensive.



Better Management in Government Sector

Management difficulties and problems in the supply of production means have
weakened the government farming sector in Niassa to such a point that today
there are only two or three enterprises remaining, and their productivity is
not statistically meaningful.

This has led to alarming hunger this year, since up to now the government has
been the majority supplier of cereals to the entire province and even to other
provinces (there were times when providing grains to other provinces posed no
problem for Niassa).

Considering that current difficulties are far from being overcome (at least
those related to the distribution of production means, which will require hard
currency), the Niassa government decided this year to concentrate efforts on
certain farming entities, such as Matama, Mandimba, Licole and Luissa.

At the same time, the government decided to rationalize specialist teams and
equipment, concentrating on the unit having the most favorable conditions.
This avoids spreading human, financial and material resources too thin and
thus makes it possible to improve management and control of available re-
sources in order to achieve greater productivity at enterprises.

Thus, it will be necessary to accept the eventual failure of some enterprises
to benefit the further development of those that offer greater stability.
Currently, between the Unango and Matama enterprises, the latter seems to
deserve greater attention, and it is precisely there that all attention is now
being focused.

Emergency Program

In the light of these measures and in order to cope with the serious hunger
problem now being experienced in the province, the government approved an
emergency program to cultivate over 2,000 hectares of cereals, particularly
corn, which is is the people's staple food in this province.

Under this program, two large and promising state units located in Lichinga
and Mandimba districts, received orders to farm 700 and 900 hectares of corn,
respectively, and to harvest four metric tons per hectare, if weather condi-
tions allow.

Other small units will cultivate 350 hectares of corn each. These goals do
not include the normal production programs which each enterprise has or should
have.

With this program, the Niassa leader hopes that the alarming situation now
being experienced in the province will be resolved, if the planned production
levels are achieved and if constant rains do not come like they did during the
last campaign. ‘

He guaranteed that the government will provide all necessary support to enter-
prises in order to achieve this goal and will encourage all other national
sectors to help reach this objective.

8844
CSO: 3442/5 32


His excellency explained that some courses of instruction have in fact been
Arabized in the schools and some of the colleges of the University of Somalia.
He also explained that a 15-year strategy for the Arabization process in
Somalia has been laid down in coordination with the Arab League and the Arab
Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization. He said that these steps
will continue, God willing, despite the lack of adequate resources.

The Somali minister of information asked the Arab states to aid Somalia in its
campaigns for Arabization. He said: "The Arab states are not doing enough,
since Somalia's existing resources are not equal to the Arabization campaigns."

He said: "We ask our Arab brothers to look seriously at this subject, so that
we can Arabize the Arab Muslim Somali people and complete this national
mission."

An Ordinary Collision

About the rumors that circulated following the automobile accident in which
President Mohamed Siad Barre of Somalia was involved--rumors to the effect
that it had been no accident, but rather a planned attempt on his life--the
Somali minister of information said that rumors always surface from one
source or another when such an accident takes place.

His excellency stated that there had been no attempt on the Somali president's
life; it had merely been a collision of one automobile with another on a high-
way near the capital, Mogadishu. Many people had witnessed the incident. He
said that these rumors had no basis of truth.

In reply to a question about the development plans currently being pursued in
order to realize economic growth, raise the standard of living, and rescue
the victims of drought and famine in Somalia, his excellency the Somali
minister of information explained that the Somali people are completely de-
pendent upon livestock and agriculture. Somalia has enormous potentials in
this area, but they have not been exploited yet.

He said: "In spite of the difficulties that exist, we want to develop and ex-
port our animal wealth." His excellency added: "Three years ago, we began to
take considerable steps in the area of agriculture."

He called for the investment of Arab capital in Somalia. He said that until
now Arab investors have not been present in Somalia; or, if present, they have
been few.

He expressed his hope that there would be economic integration among the Arab
states.

His excellency said that it will be possible in the future to develop these
economic potentials in Somalia, whether these involved agricultural, animal,
or fishing resources.

He added that Somalia is close to the Arab Gulf states; nothing but this little
sea separates us from one another.

44


short-signtedness of owners keeps them wanting their pound of flesh and so
far we've had no luck,

"People just don't realise the immense emotional stress which is caused by
unemployment, It really is a most harrowing experience," Mrs Scofo said.

‘Her nonracial, apolitical group promotes on-the-job training, particularly
for young black school-leavers,

“When work can't be found people tend to become angry and then feel rejected,
despondent and finally apathetic. We find an alarming number of potential
suicides," said Mrs Scofo,

Operation Employment is looking for market sponsors to provide such basics
as tables, chairs and a PA system, °

Also on the drawing board are work projects such as a car-washing scheme,
planned for November, a shoe-shine scheme, set for January, and a home ser-
vices project,

"Our car-washing project should give 407 jobless men work," said Mrs Scofo.

The shoe-shine scheme should provide work for about 100 and the services
project 500,

According to research, there is a direct link between unemployment and social
unrest, she added,

"Pa" Andries, head of another charity group, Operation Self-Help, said: "Mrs
Scofots group is snowballing into something really big."

"My group has joined forces with Operation Employment, and we now have over
15 different functions arranged in the Pretoria area."

19274
CSO; 3400/145

113



PRESIDENT CALLS FOR CONTINUED PRESSURE ON PRETORIA

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 9 Sep 86 p 1

[Text]

PRESIDENT Mwinyi has said
the pressure built against
apologists of apartheid at the
recent Non-Aligned Movement
Summit in Harare, Zimbabwe,
must be sustained.

Speaking at the State House
in Dar es Salaam last night
during a. state banquet he held
in honour of the visiting
President of Guyana, Hugh
Desmond Hoyte, President
Mwinyi said Pretoria’s apologists
had no compassion to the op-
pressed people of South Africa
as they claimed.

The question of
decolonization in Namibia and
dismantling of apartheid,
remained major pre-occupations
for the people in the Southern

Africa. sub-region _because ,

development in peace and
stahility was impossible without
the uprooting of apartheid. ~

“The case we presented for
effective economic sanctions in
Harare, and the pressure we
built against the apologists of
apartheid, must be sustained’’,
the President said.

He re-stated Tanzania’s con-
viction that the only - peaceful
means to bring change and avoid
a bloodbath in South Africa was
through the imposition of com-
prehensive and mandatory sanc-
tions against the Pretoria
regime.

President Mwinyi said
Tanzania was rejecting claims of
those who opposed ‘sanctions on
the grounds that they were doing
s0 out of compassion for the
Black people in South Africa
and the Frontline States, who
according to the apologists would
suffer as a result of the im-

49

position of sanctions. Such
people were often acting against
the will of their citizens, he ad-
ded.

Black people in South Africa
were dying for freedom and the
creation of just society,
President Mwinyi said, adding
that they had decided it was bet-
ter to die in honour and dignity
for a just cause than to live in
sub-human conditions.

“What compassion do
Pretoria’s apologists have for the
oppressed people. in South
Africa?” the President asked
and added: ‘‘Truly, com-
passionate people are those
who will heed the call of the op-
pressed people themselves.

“They are those who will not
only call for sanctions but will
also scrupulously implement
them. They are those who will
come to the assistance of the
unintended victims of such sanc-
tions”, President Mwinyi said.

He. told Ndugu Hoyte. that
Tanzania was deeply encouraged
by Guyana’s stand on the
Southern Africa issue at the just
concluded Non-Aligned Summit
and by that country’s position
on sanctions against South
Africa and the need to support
the Frontline States.

Surveying the international
scene, President Mwinyi said
Tanzania supported the prin-
ciple that countries in the Carib-
bean and Latin American region
should, be allowed to exercise
their ‘sovereign right and to
freely determine and pursue the
economic and social s
their choice without outside in-
terference.

He said that Tanzania was
impressed by the important role

TANZANIA



Concerning the means whereby Arab money and Arab and Gulf investors could be
encouraged, his excellency the Somali minister said that there are new laws
that have been enacted in Somalia permitting each Arab or foreign investor to
invest his money and make it grow and develop.

Aid from the [United Arab] Emirates

The following is the text of the interview given by His Excellency Mohamed
Omar Jess, the Somali minister of information, to AL-ITTIHAD:

[Question] The United Arab Emirates are developing in their relations with
the Somali Democratic Republic through the efforts of the heads of the two
fraternal countries. (an we learn.from your excellency the extent of this
development in its various areas? Do you see the same level of development
in your relations with the rest of the countries of the Arab Gulf Cooperation
Council?

[answer] The United Arab Emirates are indeed helping the Somali Republic in
many different areas. Among the most important projects funded by the
Emirates are the Mariri project and the sugar factory in the south, The Arab
Fund for Economic Development is carrying out other projects in Somalia.
Credit for all of this goes to the initiative of His Highness Shaykh Zayid in
helping the Somali people, and to the friendship existing between the two fra-
ternal leaders, [Shaykh] Zayid and [President] Siad Barre, and the eternal
bonds of brotherhood that link the Arab Gulf states with the Somali Republic.
These areas are continuing--praise be to God.

[Question] As a member in the Arab League, Somalia is doubtlessly eager to
implement a comprehensive policy of Arabization in courses of instruction and
in the fields of information and national culture. Can we learn about this
policy from your excellency and about the extent of its success?

[Answer] Somalia joined the Arab family in the Arab League in 1974 and has
taken many steps in the area of Arabization since that time. In this context,
I would say that the Arab states are not doing enough, since Somalia's ex-
isting resources are not equal to the Arabization campaign. With our modest
resources, we have undertaken no fewer than three campaigns for the Arabiza-—
tion process. We shall carry out the fourth campaign this year, God willing.

Naturally, we have Arabized some schools and colleges, but all of this re-
quires time. We have laid out a program that will take 15 years to implement
in coordination with the Arab League and the Arab Educational, Cultural and
Scientific Organization. God willing, these steps will continue, despite the
lack of resources. We ask our Arab brothers to look seriously at this sub-
ject, so that we can Arabize the Arab Muslim Somali people and complete this
national mission.

Aiding Liberation Movements

[Question] Somalia faces many external challenges, among them Ethiopia's
support of the rebels against the legitimate government in Somalia. Ethiopia

45



PRIVATE CORPORATION AIDS FARM COLLECTIVE

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 26 Sep 86 p 18

[Text] HE Beth-E1 collective farming

19317

co-op near Headlands is about to.
harvest its second irrigated barley
crop grown with the help of the
private sector, which many mem-:
bers in the struggling co-operative
movement hope-will play a more
prominent role ‘as provider of.
skills and. finance.

Although the approximately 200
farming. collectives are said to be
among Zimbabwe's most success-
ful co-op enterprises, their develop-
ment is being hindered by a shortage
of kriow-how and capital.

‘Co-op members, many of them
ex-combatants whose  baitlefield
cameraderie has motivated their
peacetime ventures, are gradually
gaining basic agricultural skills on
their farms, at centres run by non
governmental organisations and at
government colleges.

But capital is hard to tome by,
often because they have no proven
track record and because they can-
not borrow against state-owned land
onto which many of them have been
resettled.

Co-op societies also complain of
major cash-flow problems — com-
pounded for example by deposits for
electricity supply — which they say
could be. eased by debt
rescheduling.

“Farming collectives struggle
along, usually only able to raise
funds bit by bit whereas they need

big money to get going,’’ says one
co-op leader.

Beth-El, whose 1 623 hectares
make it one of the largest farming
co-ops in the country, has been
given financial, technical training
and marketing back-up by Delta

CSO: 3400/187

Corporation, whose connection with’
agriculture is barley, the fermenta-
ble raw material used by its operat-
ing company, National Breweries.

*Mr Maurice Nyagumbo, Minister
of the now separate Ministry of Co-
operative Development, paid an
offical visit to the farm on its open
day this week.

He said he hoped all co-operative
societies would get technical advice,
like that which Delta provided for
Beth-El without trying to influence
the co-operative's policies.

Support for farming co-ops. said!
Delta officials, made sense-not only
in terms of its public relations value

-and as another source of barley, but!
also in that it helped create a stable
tural environment under which bus-
iness could operate.

The co-operative members, moti-
vated by their religious teachings
which discourage them from being
tenant on land from which they
could be expelled, settled the
government-purchased tobacco
farm in 1982.

At the beginning of 1984 Delta
launched its assistance project and
provided $86 000 for the purchase !
of implements and irrigation:
equipment. :

Of this $40 000 will be an out-
right donation on condition the so-
ciety pays back its soft loan of!
$46 000 over three years.

Jn addition, the normal working
capital loans available from the
Agricultural Finance Corporation
for summer crops have been sup-
plemented by Delta, providing ad-
vance payments towards the cost of
producing the winter barley crop.

“Delta has given guidance and
training in establishing a basic plan-

74

nin system at Beth-El as well as in-

_ troducing budgets and basic

accounting mechanisms,”* said the
corporation's agricultural develop-
ment manager, Mr John Brown.

“We have given advice and train--
ing in relation to cropping techiques
and land husbandry and have
worked closely with Agritex"’.

“This is a pilot project and we
hope to have left the necessary skills
behind when we move on to help
other co-ops,”” he said.

Beth-El has 70ha under barley
and expects to yield about 5
tonnes/ha. which would be on par
with the national average.

“When Beth-E] first started half-
way through the 1983/84 season, it
achieved sales of $38 000 from one
crop,” said Mr Brown, “‘It is ex-
pected that sales of some $140 000
will be achieved from the 1985/86
programme which encompasses the
four summer crops of maize, soya-
beans, groundnuts and peas and the
winter barley crop."

‘National Breweries. which proves
a direct and secure market for
barley, assists with the transporta-
tion of the crop.

Neighbouring farmers have also
assisted the emergent vo operative.
‘Mr Nyagumbo said he expected the
bottlenecks hindering supplies of
implements to collectives would be
eliminated by the establishment of
the separate ministry,

Members of collectives also hope
the new ministry will be able to
mobilise more capital and ensure in-
creasing co-ordination for the co-
‘operative movement which is ex-
pected to become an important
generator of employment if given
the right support.



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK LEADERS' CHILDREN REPORTEDLY WARNED TO RETURN TO SCHOOL
Warning Issued by Radical Black Pupils
MB060646 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2020 GMT 5 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 5 Oct (SAPA)--Radical black pupils warned leaders of the
United Democratic Front and other political organisations to send their
children back to schools in the unrest troubled townships, SABC TV news
reported.

The children must enroll before the end of next year at the schools, where
teaching and education were being disrupted.

A senior black educationalist, Mr John Gogotya, confirmed this.

He said: "They feel frustrated in that they had been at the forefront of the
riots, they have suffered from bullet wounds and being teargassed and
harassed and molested and arrested.

"et the children who are not in the struggle--the children of the leaders of
these organisations--have been spirited away by these organisations and these
leaders to some schools, either in the posh white areas or outside the
country."

He said names of leaders had been mentioned.

"They have mentioned children like Bishop Tutu's (the archbishop of Cape Town,
the most reverend Desmond Tutu) children for instance.

"They are not in the struggle.

"They have mentioned for instance, Dr Motlana's (Dr Ntatho Motlana), children,
that they are not in the struggle."

They have mentioned people like Percy Qoboza (the editor of CITY PRESS
newspaper)...like Stanly Motjwadi, the editor of DRUM, whose children are
outside the country, continuing with their education while they themselves are
suffering.

84


PRIVATE FARMING OF COMMUNAL TRACTS URGED BY MINISTER

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 30 Sep 86 pp 1, 3

{Article by Jim Freeman]

[Text]

PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURS should
be allowed to farm large tracts of
Namibia’s communal areas in order to bet-
ter realise the country’s potential annual
agricultural production of R600 million.

The proposed Agricultural
Strategy for Namibia tabled by
Agricultural Minister Mr Eben
van Zijlin the National Assem-
bly yesterday said crop produc-
tion was the sector with the
highest production potential in
the country.

Potential production was
more than one thousand per-
cent greater than the present
level. At the same time, crop
production held almost double
the potential of Namibia’s beef
industry.

The reason why this poten-
tial was not met, according to
the policy report, was the fact
that about 40% of the coun-
try’s farm land was used for
subsistence farming.

“The northern communal
areas, although with a high
potential for irrigation farm-
ing, are either under-utilised or
not used at all,” said the report.

39

The -report proposed a
change in the land tenure sys-
tem, saying this.accompanied
by the introduction of modern
technology could result in the
realisation of substantially
higher production, the crea-
tion of job opportunities and
the generation of income and
welfare for inhabitants. It
would also earn the country
additional foreign exchange.

“The traditional system of
land tenure, although
detrimental in terms of op-
timal land use, plays an impor-
tant role inthe country’s econ-
omy. It serves as a buffer effect
against ‘political instability as
well as releasing the pressure
on the other sectors of the
economy for employment.’

NAMIBIA



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NUM, ERGO WAGE HIKE AGREEMENT--Johannesburg, 3 Oct (SAPA)--The East Rand Gold
and Uranium Co. (ERGO) and the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) today
reached agreement in their annual wage talks. ERGO agreed to increase wages
by between 16.5 and 19.5 percent, Mr John Kingsley-Jones, spokesman for the
company, said tonight. The decision averted a legal strike at the plant.
NUM held a successful strike ballot last month after talks had deadlocked,

Mr Kingsley-Jones said. ERGO has applied for a conciliation board to resolve
a separate dispute over a sit-in in June this year. The company wants the
sit-in to be declared an unfair labour practice. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA
in English 1913 GMT 3 Oct 86] /9599 ;

CsO: 3400/144

109



JPRS-SSA-86-109
1 NOVEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Sweden Increases Aid To Counter Planned Boycotts
(Magdalena Ribbing; DAGENS NYHETER, 31 Aug 86) ...cscceeee

ANGOLA

Situation in War-Torn Country Described
(DAILY DISPATCH, 9 Sep 86) sscccceacvecccevcccuceccesecere

Luanda Compared To Slum by Visiting Journalist
(Michael Rank; DAILY DISPATCH, 9 Sep 86) .scscsceeseeveves

New Training.Center for Namibians in Kwanza Sul Described
(THE HERALD, 16 Sep 86) .ceceseccceececcevccecvcccseserese

BOTSWANA

Briefs
Rail Takeover on Schedule

ETHIOPIA
Briefs
Additional Villagization Planned
ADB To Open Branch in Addis
LESOTHO

New Constitution To Be Formulated at Grassroots Level
(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 25 Sep 86) ..ecceseccecceceseres

Government Sees. No Need for RSA Diplomatic Link
(THE STAR, 25 Sep 86) .cecesccescceceees

10

12



19274
CSO:

3400/132

looking for peace and wanting
to see a negotiated solution
across the spectrum to those
who feel violence and tough se-
curity action are necessary to
suppress insurrection; from
those wanting to share the
country to those wanting it ex-
clusively for themselves. _

This, Dr Hofmeyr says, is
one of the reasons why the Na-
tional Party has to be so un-
clear about reform.

“On the one hand the Nation-
alists have to hide the fact that
they are unable to reform fast
enough from those people who
want rapid change.

“On the other they have to
obscure what reforms are
being made to keep those who
do not want to change happy.

“The Nats are extremely
good politicians in being able
to hold their terribly contradic-
tory support base together.
They are adroit at using smoke
screens, but in the process they
have sacrificed the country.

“The PFP can convince
pockets of Nationalist sup-
porters that the Government is
unable to deliver reform fast
enough. Our only constraint is
time. SATV is closed to us.”

Dr Hofmeyr says that with
the PFP’s new direct response
campaign the message has to
get through to the voters.

The message that. will con-
vince a large chunk of like-
minded people is that the PFP
is more likely to be able to
form a realistic partnership
with significant black leaders.

. INTEGRATION

The voters need to be con-
vinced that the National Party
is talking only to black leaders
willing to take part in Govern-
ment-controlled structures.

“This is not a question of
changing people’s basic atti-
tudes and values. People have
already made up their minds
on all the important issues such
as open schooling and integrat-
ed residential areas.

“We must isolate the obsta-
cles which prevent them from °
voting for us. The fundamental
barrier is that we are not trust-
ed with the transition. People
think we are going to give the +
country away. 5

“People think we are not
able to handle the dynamic -
that the transition will set in
motion because we are per-
ceived to be soft on security.”

The PFP strategy then is to
find the issue that will con-
vince the 30 percent of the
electorate which alreasy sup-
ports fundamental PFP values
to'vote for the party. :

The crucial issue, he be-
lieves, is that the PFP is more
likely to be able to share power
with significant black leaders
who can be trusted and who
are prepared to come to some
kind of fair settlement.

Conversely, says Dr Hof-
meyr, the Nationalists must be
exposed for not being able to
put together negotiations that
are needed for peace.

102


He appealed to all Muslims to advise the interim administration of the UMSC
on how to run the affairs of the council and the muslim community as a
whole,

The acting chief Kadhi is scheduled to visit Muslims in Toro between 29-9~-86
and 4.10-86,

19274
CSO: 3400/148

62


SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

INGWAVUMA REFUGEES THREATEN MOZAMBICANS--Mbabane--Refugees from Ingwavuma
in northern Natal are threatening to take up arms against Mozambicans

they say are causing overcrowding in land allocated to them by the late
King Sobhuza. The leader of the Mgomezulu people, who began arriving in
Swaziland about 10 years ago because they claimed they were being harassed
by Zulus, gave the warning to Swazi Interior Minister Mr Phenyana Mamba.
Chief Ntunja Mngomezulu told Mr Mamba his people, who now number about

10 000, were preparing to arm themselves because they blamed the Mozambican
for overcrowding, rustling cattle and taking their land. He told The
Times of Swaziland after his meeting with the Minister: "Unless the
government does something urgently I am afraid things could get very bad
down here." All refugees in Swaziland are sent to three centres in the
south-east of the country. The Mozambicans, fleeing fighting between
Frelimo and the rebel MNR now number about 5 000. The sources said the
number of refugees increased weekly. The Mngomezulu do not really regard
themselves as refugees since they pledge allegiance to King Mswati of
Swaziland. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Sep 86 p 5M] /9317

CSO: 3400/194

48


SOUTH AFRICA

NAUDE URGES ACTIVE CHURCH ROLE IN NATIONAL AFFAIRS
MBO41153 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1135 GMT 4 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town, 4 Oct (SAPA)--Responsibility for the deep divisions in
South African society was not that of the government or political parties, but
the church's, Dr Beyers Naude, general secretary of the SA Council of Churches
[SACC], told the NG Sendingskerk [Dutch Reformed Mission Church] synod in
Belhar today. Unless the church confessed to this it was impossible to
rebuild a renewed church and society, he said. The synod was gathering at a
time when the country was in a serious crisis, he said in a historic greeting
from the SACC to the synod. The crisis affected the country in its deepest
being and was not only a protest against the policy of apartheid, low
salaries, political rights, and social injustice but had in recent years taken
on the character of a resistance movement, seeking a new order and new society
for all South Africans.

"In this protest all churches are deeply involved whether they want to or not,
whether they wish it or not or whether they want to have their voice heard or
not." “Even their silence will be a measure of involvement," Dr Naude said.
He said he would be creating a false impression by saying that things would
improve. "In this process the churches of South Africa, including the
Sendingskerk, will get more deeply involved. What far-reaching changes can
come about if all, or most, churches can witness with one voice in favour of a
new, humane and just society. But we must look the hard and bitter facts
directly in the face--the view and interpretation of events, secular and
theological, are so diverse between the churches and within the NCK [Dutch
Reformed Church] family of churches, that it would be difficult to expect and
hope that such a witness to unity will be heard."

From the SACC's perspective, the theological initiative had moved into the
hands of black Christians, backed by a small group of whites. Since Cottesloe
there had been a theological sterility and stagnation in South Africa. The
confession of Belhar, accepted by the Sendingskerk last week, brought a new
meaningful initiative which had in a sense rectified the situation. "But it
will be impossible to calculate the harm done to the Gospel and the unity of
the church through the manipulation of the word to acquire domination and
white privilege," Dr Naude said. A great responsibility rested on the church
to repair the damage and to restore credibility to the message of the Bible
and to convince church members of the need to run their lives accordingly.

97



have to be expanded before this figure can be increased substantially. A good
400 marks are needed for expanding railway and harbor. A large portion is
already promised by the European Community, the Nordic countries, the United
States and the Netherlands; and Japan and Great Britain are showing interest.
Tokyo announced that coincidentally a few days ago immediately after South
African Foreign Minister Pik Botha's departure from Japan. The Western
countries are in this way also being drawn indirectly into the civil war in
Mozambique; into "our Vietnam," as a white Zimbabwean sentaor expressed it.
The expansion of this and other transport routes is being given priority
within the cooperation of the African frontline states, the SADCC, and this
expansion is to be finished in three to four years. In April in Beira, 40
countries and development aid institutions promised assistance, which is to
lead to a ten-year plan.

Only ships with up to seven meters of sea depth can enter the port of Beira.
The businessmen want it to be 13 meters. It is initially being dredged out to
eight meters in the first phase, which began four months ago. The port's
other loading facilities are to be expanded later. A loading device for coal,
which the Netherlands built in Beira two years ago, was never used. The coal
from Moatize cannot be transported to Beira because the line is interrupted.
The loading device's conveyor belt is said to have been stolen to make sandals
out of it. Before the independence of the former Portuguese colony of
Mozambique in 1975, the greatest part of the exports of the then Rhodesia
ruled by Whites under Ian Smith went through the ports of Maputo, Beira and
Nacala. But, according to a World Bank study, the volume in these ports sank
by 70 percent in the decade after 1973, and the transit traffic on the
railways by 80 percent. Only two railway lines are still operating in the
country, each at the narrowest points of the country: between Maputo and South
Africa in addition to Beira-Mutare; the former also being jeopardized by the
Renamo rebels. Mozambique is extensively paralyzed.

13084
CSO: 3420/62

22


between Sierra Leone and Liberia at the recent ECOWAS summit held in Nigeria.
In his remarks, Nigeria's ambassador to Liberia, [Anthony E. Dayode Ayedemi]
expressed his government's hope that all efforts will be made to improve the
socioeconomic climate and sustain the two countries' bilateral cooperation.
[Text] [Monrovia Domestic Service in English 1200 GMT 3 Oct 86 AB] /12232

cso: 3400/129

18


RESEARCHER EXPLAINS NATURE OF POPULAR SUPPORT FOR PFP, NP

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 86 p 19

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — How does a
political party persuade people

who share its principles and °

values to vote for it?
That may seem to be a
strange question, but in South

Africa’s extraordinary society '
the Progressive Federal Party. .
would like to know the answer. .°

Research of the white elec-
torate has revealed that poten-

tial support for the PFP is at .

least 30 percent of all voters.
: This support may rise to as

high as 45 percent on some‘
issues, such as the Group Areas |

Act. Yet only 16 to 18 percent
of voters are PFP supporters.

If the PFP is to achieve its
goal of winning 50 parliamen-
tary seats in the next election
it must find a way to persuade
the balance of its potential sup-
porters to vote for it.

The PFP has known for a
long time about the gap be-
tween what it calls its “policy

support” and its “electoral sup- +

port”.

The man who has helped the
party understand the underly-
ing reasons and who has contri-
buted towards a strategy to
remedy the situation, is Dr Jan
Hofmeyr, a lecturer in the de-
partment of religious studies at
the University of Cape Town.

Dr Hofmeyr, a researcher
analyst, has impressed with his
detailed knowledge of the fears
and aspirations of the complex
groupings of the electorate.

RELIGIOUS

His research flows from the re-
lationship between religion and
socio-political orientation.

‘101

“I discovered that one could
not come up with an isolated
theory of religious conversion :
because there is in fact a gen- :
eral process of how people
change their minds, and there-
fore their affiliations and acti-
vities,” Dr Hofmeyr said.

“If one understands the pro-
cess whereby one loses people
then one can also know what is.
required to re-convert them.”

A basic observation is the
high percentage of what he has
termed avoidance orientation.

This has been caused by the
intensification of the country’s
political activities accompan-
ied by a deepening despair on:
the part of the average voter
that little can be done about it. -

The many people who tend
towards this behaviour are try-
ing to minimise the impact of .
politics on themselves, he says.
They say either they don’t
know how they will vote or
that they won’t vote.

Available information in-
creasingly indicates that the
country’s endemic unrest has
made people’s behaviour signi-
ficantly more fear-driven.

The PFP is perceived as a
party which cannot guarantee
stability and therefore it has
lost support, particularly
among women below the age of
35 (a group that has felt the im-
pact of unrest most severely).

INCOHERENT

The National Party has an
incoherent support base in
terms of large pockets among
groups with varying values.

These range from people

SOUTH AFRICA’



it more effective, it will be necessary to modify the economic management sys-
tem and adjust government organization as far as offices are concerned that
exist for no reason or with no accountability.

"The government will have to be continually fine tuned. And this fine tuning
will not be done with pronouncements or new decrees, but in fact, and it is
necessary for people to be flexible and adapt to changing reality," he added.

Consumer goods must be distributed in order to stimulate producers to halt a
further decline in the standard of living and to promote gradual improvement
under a program of more equitable distribution of profits. This is how the
policy for distributing consumer goods will be integrated with the rehabili-
tation program. And what must be done to stimulate farmers?

In this regard, the minister of finance argued that farmers may be stimulated
by better controlling commercialization, guaranteeing that the farmers will
have greater confidence that their produce will be marketed, and that the
money they receive will be used for essential items. This is the first phase.
In the second phase, greater technical support must be provided to improve
harvests.

“This is an effort which has two aspects: the first is stabilization of the
market, and the second is to introduce what is known as rural extension agents
for the purpose of improving farm productivity," he said in conclusion.

Similar trips to other provinces are planned, this one being the pilot trip.
The purpose is to create an economic rehabilitation program based on the most
detailed possible information and economic reality in the field. In this
respect, the minister of finance pointed out during his trip to Cabo Delgado
that the trip was useful. "We had planned a certain program in Maputo. Our
visit has made it possible to correct the plan. This has been positive," he
said.

8844
CSO: 3442/5

30


SOUTH AFRICA

‘OPERATION EMPLOYMENT’ HELPS BLACK JOBLESS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Metro) in English 28 Sep 86 p 9
[Article by Peter Owen]

[Text] "Put South Africa back to work" is the motto of an ambitious new
charity organisation dedicated to helping the jobless,

City councils, residents’ associations and trade groups all seem determined
to spike their guns--but the dedicated Johannesburg citizens running the
project are determined to win in the end,

Headed by former housewife Beryl Scofo, the non-profit organisation was
started 10 months ago at a public meeting in Johannesburg.

"The trauma of being unemployed is felt everywhere," said Mrs Scofo.

"We feel there is a need to help these families overcome their problems and
get back on their feet again,"

Mrs Scofo explained that the project teaches the jobless new skills, how to
produce objects for sale and how to sell their services.

"We promote home industry--whether it is sophisticated urban, or ethnic
rural crafts.

“We never turn an unemployed person away, That stands as our policy--as far
as possible we feel it is our duty to render some form of assistance to the
jobless,"

For most of its brief existence, Operation Employment has managed a low pro-
file, with little publicity, However, demand is rapidly increasing,

"The time has come to ask for public support," said Mrs Scofo.

Operation Employment works in two fields--markets, where homecraft is sold,
and work projects.

The first market was held last Sunday at Temple David in Sandton, another is
being planned for next month and a third for Vanderbijlpark in November,

111



3 Ghanaian nationals, and 1 Niger national. Let us point out that they are
all residing in Ghana. Their names are: Baba Ali, of Malian nationality and
residing in Ghana; Koffi Walagnon, Ghanaian nationality, residing in Ghana;
Yakubu: Moussa, of Burkinabe. nationality, residing in (Sekansi); Ali
(Omourou), of Malian. nationality, residing in Accra; (Voke) Koffi, of
Ghanaian nationality. residing in Accra; Komlangan Jade, of Ghanaian national-
ity, residing in Aflao, not far from Lome; and Mandi Lawali, of Niger nation-
ality, residing in Kumasi, Ghana. Those of Togolese nationality are:

Kagni Sakpa, of Togolese nationality, residing in Ghana;

Djebela Ilyasu, of Togolese nationality, residing in Ghana; Sule me Mohammed
Tebini of Togolese nationality, residing in Ghana; Afadjinou Koffi alias
Lucien, of Togolese nationality, residing in Accra; Zekpa Anani, of Togo-
lese nationality, residing in Accra; Amenou Mawuli Totche, of Togolese na~
tionality, residing in Accra; Lawson Tevi.Crespin alias Magnon, of Togolese
nationality, residing in Accra; Abovi Kodjo, of Togolese nationality,
residing in Accra; Dodji Koffi, of Togolese nationality, residing in Aflao;
Atayi Assion, formerly known.as James, of Togolese nationality, residing in
Aflao;  Mensah Anani, of Togolese nationality, residing in Ivory Coast;
Adoyi Akwe Adotevi Mawugnon, of Togolese nationality, residing in Lome-
Tokoin; and Amousou Koffi Karl, of Togolese nationality, residing in Accra.

So, in the night of 23 to 24 September 1986, several groups of persons from
Ghana came into Lome. through Akosombo in the west, and tried to. jeopardize
the internal security of the Togolese State, by.attacking various sensitive
areas in the capital with arms.. Eight people:were killed in the fighting.
Among them were six in a landrover vehicle who were firing on the civilian
population. Let us point out immediately that of the persons aboard the
landrover vehicle, and who were all in military gear, two bore Ghanaian
military identity cards. They are:

Adzra, sergeant major in the Ghanaian Army who was carrying a-weapon. authori-
zation certificate No 170794 igsued. by the headquarters of .the Provisional
National Defense Council and valid up to 30 September 1986. Therefore he was
paring a weapons supply permit issued by the police headquarters in Accra
and valid until 30 September 1986. . This clearly demonstrates that he is a
soldier currently. serving in the Ghanaian Army. The second Ghanaian aboard
the vehicle was Avevori, a corporal, also bearer of a Ghanaian military
identity card No 171461.

The same person also had in-his pocket a weapon authorization ‘certificate

No 174461, valid until 30 September .1986. These documents found.in the
landrover vehicle make us to believe that they were, in fact, Ghanaian sol-
diets. Some civilians were wounded by the bullets of the aggressors who were
shooting indiscriminately. and-six civilians were killed. Several private
vehicles were either commandeered. from their legitimate owners by the terror-
ists or destroyed. The investigations that followed immediately enabled us
to draw the following conclusions:

54


GOLD, COAL MINE STRIKES FOCUS ON HEALTH, SAFETY ISSUES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 86 p 19

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/132

The ‘one-day strike which af-
fected many of the country's
gold and coal mines yesterday.
reflected. thé growing confron-
tation on the mines over health
and safety issues, according to
the independent Labour Moni-
toring Group (LMG).

The LMG, comprising a
group of academics who moni-
tor labour matters, said that by
any standards the strike was
significant not only because of
its impact on the mines but as
a national, industry-wide stop-
page over safety conditions.

Yesterday's action called by
the National Union of Mine-
workers (NUM). could have a
significant impact on the cur-
rent wage dispute between the
union and the Chamber of
Mines, an LMG spokesman
said. *

“Yesterday's response to the
union's call was the biggest the
NUM has ever received and it
comes at a time when there is
union talk of a strike ballot fol-
lowing deadlocked pay talks.”

The gold mining industry had
a long history of bitter industri-
al conflict.

White miners brought the in-
dustry to a halt in 1907, 1913,
1914 and hundreds died in fight-
ing with security forces in the
1922 Rand Revolt.

MOTIVATION

In 1946, 60000 black miners
out of 350000 struck for five
days for higher wages. Signifi-

cantly, part of their motivation

_ Was a high accident rate.

“Since the formation of the
NUM there have been strikes
in, pursuit of wage claims in
1984 and 1985 with 70000 and
up to 40000 being involved re-
spectively.

“Although the strikes focused
on wages, health and safety
issues have figured prominent-
ly in negotiations with the
Chamber of Mines.

“For example, during the
1986 negotiations, agreement
was reached that employers
would increase the allowance
to cover the cost of transport
ing the bodies of dead miners
back home.

“Yesterday's strike involved
between 250000 and 275000
people and is the largest ever
to occur.”

There had been a number of
big mine accidents which had
received publicity but by far
the most deaths — on average
600 to 800 a year — occurred in
small, fatal accidents.

“It is not then surprising that
NUM has declared health and
safety a priority for the union.”

A feature of the emerging
black trade union movement
was the ability of certain
unions to organise stoppages on
a national scale.

According to LMG figures
yesterday's stoppage was the
largest national industrial stop-
page yet to take place.

108

SOUTH AFRICA


Table I: Cultivars

Maturity Cultivar Days to maturity Seed .
group Lowveld  Midveld —_Hiveld colour

Valencia R2 110 120-130 Red

Short- Bob White 10 120 130 Pale pink

season Natal common 110 120 130 Yellowish-brown ,
Plover 0 120 130“ Yellowish-brown

Medium-\, Swallow 120 130 140 Dark red

season

Long- Makulu red 150 160 170 Dark red

season Egret 150 160 170 Pink 1

150 160 170 Light red

Flamingo

Oilseed Producers Prepared To Help New Growers

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Oct 86 pp 1, 11

[Article by Funny Mushava]
[Text]

THE Commercial. Oil-
sedus Producers’ Associa-
tion is prepared to offer
advice: .to new growers
who have been forced
into oilseed crops because
of the grain stockpives in
the country. ‘
“Seed companies have
also assured farmers
tliversifying from maize
produttion into soyabean,
White sorghum, ground-
nuts and sunflower that
they will be able to meet
any demand, from the tar-
mers although they may
not be able to cofpletely
datitty those going into
sunflower roduction.

The chief exécutive of
Copa, Mr Rob McManus,
said his assotiation was
in a position to help new
growers to avoid costly
mistakes end urged new~
members to grow only
what they couig afford to
handle,"

“New growers should
contact the elected execu-
tive members for their
area who togethgr with
our expériereed Copa
staff will arrange dis-
‘cussions, flel@ days or in-
dividnat visits,” he sad.

Seed’ companies con-
tacted by Thé Herald,
said they were more than
prepared to meet any de-
mend from farmers for
the alternative crops sug-
gested by the Mimister
‘of Lands, Agriculture and
Rural Resettlement, Cde
Moven Mahachi on
Monday, The senior ad-
visoty officer of Seed Co-
op, Cde Berry Mudzamin,
whose company supplies
soyabean, white sorghum
and sunflower seed, said
there was enough soya-
pean and white sorghum
seed.

He added that should
new growers wish to
kktow which types of seed
to use in their respective
areas, his cozy was
prepared, to give that ad-
vice and said Agritex
staff shouid ulso pe con-
sulted for help.

Seed Co-op has three
main varieties from
whith potentia) soyabean
growers can choose. These
are thé sable, duiker and
oribt.

Cde Mudzamiri said in
Mashonaland West, Cen-

72

tral and East, growers
could easily adapt to
sdyabeans from maéze.
The Mashonaland areas
have been among the
traditional maize areas of |
the country. —~

“If they need our ad-
vice, we will be more
than prepared to heip,
but what I would suggest
is for these growers to
contact their  locai
agritex officers who will
give them ready advice on
how to grow the crops

successfully,” -Cde Mud-
zamiri said.
He urged those ir

natura} regions 3, 4 and 5
to grow white sorghum
of which there was plenty
of seed, “Masvingo and
Matapeleland are —_nof.
good soyabean areas.
therefore i encourags
farmers in these areas to
switch to white sorghum

production, which" the
muirister also xecom
mended.”

People in these areas,
especially communal far-
mers, would find it dif-
Weult to inoculate the
crop, an operation which
needed experience, hz


passes. It is serious and well justifies the indignant reaction by the son of
the Silva couple, even though he was mistaken on some specific points. It is
serious, and all those responsible should be held accountable.

With transparent partisanship, it has been considered that Renamo is solely
responsible for those deaths on the grounds that the hostages died for lack of
treatment and were therefore victims of the inhumanity of the rebels. That is
an unfounded charge, and as soon as it was made, Renamo responded by recalling
that if it is not in a position to provide medical care in cases of serious
illness and if it has no hospital facilities or medicines, the reason is the
lack of support by the large international humanitarian organizations and the
way they submit, or appear to submit, to the demands of the Marxist
dictatorships established in Africa.

What Renamo Has not Realized

Repeated testimony by hostages released by the guerrilla fighters——-including
the three women missionaries released just recently--has been unanimous in
admitting that the captors try to treat their captives as well as possible.
The only thing is that being treated "as well as possible" is obviously very
hard on people who are not guerrilla fighters. "As well as possible" does not
satisfy hunger, does not overcome fatigue, and does not cure illnesses.

Renamo's representative in Europe, Jorge Correia, told us that Renamo has made
preparations for releasing the hostages on several occasions with the
cooperation of humanitarian organizations. According to that same source, all
those operations failed because they were opposed or sabotaged by FRELIMO.
Not only have the government forces operating in Zambezia never tried to free
the hostages--which it is their duty to do--but Samora Machel's government has
tried hard to prolong their captivity.

FRELIMO knows what it is doing: the longer this distressing situation
continues and the more hostages die for lack of medical care, the more odious
the image of Renamo that can be presented in the market of public opinion by
Maputo's propagandists and all its internationalist friends.

Renamo should have realized this long ago, and its offense in this process
lies precisely in its failure to do so.

Whatever excuse it uses to justify its conduct, Renamo takes hostages for the
same reason that other fighting organizations do: to show its strength, to
intimidate the enemy and those cooperating with the enemy, and to assert
itself in negotiations with the enemy or third parties. But that game only
works when it works, and in the case of the Portuguese hostages, it has proven
that it is not working.

Counterproductive Tactic
It is not working because Renamo's opponents—-that is, FRELIMO--will not give

up anything in exchange for hostages (unless, perhaps, the hostages are named
Machel, Chissano, or Marcelino). Quite the contrary, they count themselves

24


SOUTH AFRICA

STATISTICS REVEAL WIDENING GAP BETWEEN SOWETO'S RICH, POOR

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Metro) in English 28 Sep 86 p 9

[Article by Samkelo Kumalo]

[Text]

THE rich getting richer and the poor
getting poorer is a cause for black
friction, says an academic survey.

Statistics by the University of South Afri-
ca’s bureau of market research have shown
that the gap between ‘Soweto’s rich and
poor is widening.

Only 46 percent of the 20 to 64 age group
were earning salaries. Only 40 percent had
jobs in the 20 to 24 age.

“It is evident that the economic circum-
stances of a certain group of Sowetans are
causing frustration, whereas others are en-
joying relative prosperity,” the study said.

‘The bureau found that a total of 29,7
percent of people between 20 and 64 years
were unemployed.

‘Youths found it difficult to get jobs —
although they were better qualified than
their parents.

Average yearly household income had
more than doubled since 1962 when it stood
at R9 624, the study said.

However, “an estimated one-quarter of
the households in 1985 earned less than they
needed to maintain their Minimum Living
Level,” the study said.

Black Sash spokesman Mrs Ethel Walt
said she found the statistics “frightening
and alarming”. However, she felt even they
were overly optimistic.

“It is a very serious situation. Unem-
ployed people are reckless — they have
nothing to lose.”

Unrest

Detainees’ Parents Support Committee
spokesman Mrs Audrey Coleman said:
“The Government is trying to create a

19274

cso: 3400/131

black middle class at the expense of rural
blacks, the unemployed and those who can-.
not get houses.”

A Sunday Times snap survey in wealth-
ier parts of Soweto showed that, for the
moment, there is little resentment between.
the haves and have-nots.

The inability felt by lower-income
groups to move up the ladder is blamed on
the Government — and they see this as a
major cause for unrest and dissatisfaction.

Shack and backroom residents were by
far the most dissatisfied group inter-
viewed. However, they expressed no mal-
ice against their better-off counterparts
living in expensive houses.

One of Soweto's wealthiest businessmen,
Mr Dumisani, Dlamini, has built a double-
storey house in Diepkloof Extension.

“The black rich do not discriminate
against the poor. It all depends on how a
wealthy man conducts himself in his own
community — I still have many friends in
Soweto not as rich as I am,” he said.

Advantages

A black computer programmer had a
different experience. He said his new life-
style and change in social class had set him
apart from local township people.

Moving into a more prestigious suburb
had its obvious advantages — now he could
travel around freely without fear of being
mugged or assaulted.

‘There was a danger that wealthy fam-
ilies, living in their houses and travelling iri
flashy cars, could be viewed as part of “the
oppressive system”.

“{ do not believe that we as a black
middle class are being used by the Govern-
ment as a wedge against our fellow

90

blacks.”

Miss Pinky Zikalala, a hawker, has built
her own house. She and her five children
spent less than R20 000 sub-contracting the
construction.

The house, in Diepkloof Extension, is now
valued at R90 000. .

“T have not noticed any resentment from
people I come across. I know my commun-
ity Well and they are unlikely to see me and
my lifestyle as being a threat to their class.

“They know that I struggle to make ends
meet, I have saved a lot of money from ;
hawking all over the area selling ladies’ |
clothing,” she said.

Miss Zikala’s neighbour, pensioner Mrs
Thorah Mngoma, lives in ve different
circumstances with a multitude of children
and grandchildren.

They do not feel jealous about their rich
neighbour — they only wish they too could
live in a house like hers.

Mugging

“Since these houses were built this area
no longer has thugs mugging and killing
people,” she said.

Mrs Thandi Ndaba, a shack dweller in
Mofolo, feels that if she had been white the
Government would have provided her with
jand and a house,

“My anger is not directed against any
black man, rich or poor. A stupid person
might see the rich as being the authors of
our problems.

“Tam angry that more and more blacks
are swelling the ranks of the poor, with no
jobs and houses. South Africa should not be
a place of housing shortages.”



LUANDA COMPARED TO SLUM BY VISITING JOURNALIST

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 9 Sep 86 p 8

{Article by Michael Rank]

[Text]

Once it had an elegant,
palm-fringed promen-
ade. The palm trees are
still there, but Luanda’s
seafront boulevard is
now strewn with rubble.

Most shops in the An-
golan capital are closed
or almost empty.

“You could buy any-
thing in Luanda at one
time. It was better than
Lisbon,” reminisced a
middle-aged Portuguese
woman who lived here a
few years before inde-
pendence in 1975.

But now Luanda is a
dirty, depressing city
ravaged by the effects of
a decade-long civil war
and by a massive Portu-
guese exodus at the time
of independence.

Walking around
Luanda — and you are
likely to do a lot of walk-
ing as there are no taxis
— the visitor is occa-
sionally reminded of the
city’s heyday, as he
comes across a pink
stuccoed colonial build-
ing or some traditional
blue Portuguese tiling
on a dilapidated villa.

But the overwhelming
impression is one of de-
cay.

The 300000 Portu-
guese who packed their
bags in 1975 left behind
half-finished buildings
which tower above the
skyline like concrete
skeletons.

The tower blocks they
completed during an
economic boom 10 years
earlier are beginning to
crumble from lack of
maintenance.

The economy is in
ruins, and food is
strictly rationed. Vir-
tually all factories,
farms and shops were
owned and run by Portu-;
guese and there were:
hardly any trained An-

‘golans to take their

place.

Agricultural output
has declined by 40 per
cent in the last decade
and the country has to
depend to a large extent
on food aid, although be-
fore independence it
used to export surpluses
to neighbouring states.

And because the
country’s currency, the
kwanza, is virtually
worthless, Angolans
tend to obtain everyday
items through barter
rather than cash. A can
of imported beer can be

ANGOLA

traded for a bunch of ba-
nanas, a carton of ciga-
rettes for a kilogram or
two of meat.

Western diplomats say
officials of the Marxist
ruling People’s Move-
ment for the Liberation
of Angola (MPLA) suffer
relatively little from the
shortages because they
have access to special
shops and receive allow-
ances enabling them to
travel abroad.

But MPLA informa-
tion chief Paulino Pinto
Joao denied this. “When
there is a shortage of
bread, I am affected too,
even at my level... it’s
not a question of most
people having nothing
and a small group hav-
ing everything,” he said.

However, there is no
doubt that a small circle
of Angolans live well.
Guides dressed in ex-
pensive French or
Italian suits escort visi-
tors around the city, of-
fer to arrange meetings
or interviews — often
without success — and
make conversation in
shaky English or French
about trips they have
made to Western
Europe.



said. Seed Co-op had the
open pollinated Segaolare
seed which was suitable
for every part of the
country.

Cde Mudzamiri said al-
though there was enough
sunflower (msasa) seed,
at the moment, there

might be a shortage
if demand rose rap-

idly.

A spokesman for the

Grain Marketing Board
told The Herald that
there was enough ground-
rut seed to meet in-
creased demand from far-
mers forced to switch h”
Cde Mahachi's statement
on Monday, The Herald
wags also realtably 1-
formed that of the vari-
eties on offer, flamingo
could be in short supply,
although aij the other
varieties were available,

‘The measures an-
nounced by Cde Mahachi
to cut down on grain pro-
duction due to lack of
profitable markets. and
high storage costs will
mainly affect the coun-
try’s 10000 small-scale
and 4000 large-scaie
commercial farmers with
only a minute proportion
of the communal, peasant
and resettiement farmers
affected.

The major complaint

from these two sec—

tors is that the minis-
ter left it until too
late to announce the
1986+87 farming plans.

They said that they

had already committed

themselves to the

grains only to be told to
cut back” on them, a

measure © tht described
as severe, although ur-
avoidable,

Some said land
preparation for specific
crops was at an ad-
vanced stage with inputs

/9317
CSO: 3400/186

already on the farm.
making it gifficult for
them ‘to adjust at the
“eleventh hour”,
‘Examining the charac-
temstics of the soyabean
seeq varieties, experts
said the oribi, ‘impala,
sable and duiker could be
grown: in the country.
‘The oribi was released
in 1973 and wes adap-
table to all areas with,
good resistance to lod-'
ging and -shattering. tt
gave excellent yields with
supplementary irrigation.
‘The impala was re-
leased in 1977 and
was highly recommended
‘in the highveld and mid-
dleveld areas under dry
conditions, But it was not
advisable to grow the
variety in areas where
there was a heayy in-
fection of Downy Mildew
and Red Leaf Blotch.

The sable was released
m 1980 after giving very
high yields~m the high-
veld and middleveld dry-
jand areas with supple-
mentary irrigation, It is
the most promising
variety in the areas where
growing condifions are
below optimum,

Sable has also shown
good resistance to leaf

ase, which 1s an ad-
vantage where it is
intensively.

Duiker, the most recent
release (1982) performs
well in both highveld and
middleveld, and is a
vigorous grower with

pod clearance. It

as the highest yield

tential of: all varieties

and also has the greatest

resistance to Red Leat
Blotch.

On groundnuts, the ex-
perts said the short
season varieties lke
the Natal common,

Valencia R2, Plover andi.

Swallow were most suited
to dryland areas— come
munal sreas — because
their growing period was
short enough to enable
them to mature within
the rainy season.

But tney said the Naray
common and Valencia RY

73

were susceptible to leat
spot diseases. The Natal
common’ was most
suitable to lower altitude”
areas, on light text
soils while the Valencia
R2 was suitable for dry-
land production’in higher
altitude areas,

+ In lowveld areas, under
irrigation, Plover. could
achieve better yields than
the long season varieties.

On long season vari-
eties, the experts said it
was found that very high
yields coula be obtained
‘by planting them in early
to mid-October with Jr-
nigation,

"These varieties “are
Makulu red, Egret and
Flamingo, Flamingo has
the highest yield poten-
tial among the three, but.
care must be taken not to
overdry the pods when
curing, which would
result in excessive kernel
splitting when shelled.

Meanwhile farmers
with approved loans from
the Agricultural Finance
Corporation for the com-
ing season who are
planning to change their
cropping programmes are
being asked to advise the
AFG of their new plans.

The AFC. yesterday
saig this measure fol-
lowed the announcement
on Monday cutting sum-
mer grain production.

according to agreed
cropping programmes.

“Any farmer who
wishes to change the
eropping programme
should only do so after
due consultation with the
AFC, |

‘The organisation has
also set up a team of sen-
jor people to deal as
quickly’ as possible with
ehanged ‘requirements
and to facilitate the in-
troduction of new .crop-
ping programmes.

Most of those affected
gre members of the Ten-
"‘fonne Club of the Com-
mercial Grain Producers’
Association.



SOUTH AFRICA

ADMINISTRATION OF BLACK AFFAIRS TRANSFERRED TO PROVINCES
MBO22049 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2025 GMT 2 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town, 2 Oct (SAPA)--The minister of constitutional development
and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, today announced the transfer of executive
powers affecting the administration of black affairs to the four provincial
administrations.

He also announced the transfer of other functions, mostly affecting blacks,
from his department to other government departments, bringing about a
substantial cut (from 17,000 to 327) in his department's staff structure.

In a statement issued in Cape Town tonight he said his department's functions
would now revert back to its predominant role of "macro-planning and
development" it had before the takeover of executive functions from the old
Department of Cooperation and Development.

He, as minister of constitutional development and planning, would in the broad
sense be responsible overall for the provinces, and would handle their budgets
and other provincial affairs in the cabinet and parliament on their behalf.

The executive powers presently held by him concerning the Black Local
Authorities Act (No 102 of 1982), the Black Communities Development Act

(No 4 of 1984), the Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (No 52 of 1951) and
the issue of permits under the Group Areas Act (No 36 of 1936) had been
transferred to the four provincial administrators as from 1 October, the
statement said.

This means that the provinces will now administer local government in black
communities, control black community and town development, as well as
leasehold and freehold schemes, and will decide where to exempt by permit
applicants from the restrictions of the Group Areas Act.

"This action constitutes an important step in the furthering of the policy of
devolution and will be followed in the near future by the transfer in other
functions and power from this department to the provinces, such as those
affecting certain guideplans and welfare matters," Mr Heunis said. The
department would, however, retain responsibility for overall policy making and
coordination in respect of the devolved functions to the provinces.

79



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

SWEDEN INCREASES AID TO COUNTER PLANNED BOYCOTTS
Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 31 Aug 86 p 12

[Article by Magdalena Ribbing: "Sanctions Against South Africa Threaten
Neighboring States--Sweden Gives Extra Aid"; first paragraph is DAGENS NYHETER
introduction]

[Text] Swedish aid is now going to rebuild the harbor of Dar-es-Salaam. That
is a part of the dramatically increased preparations for the sanctions which
are expected against the apartheid regime in South Africa. The states around
South Africa must get help from the outside world to survive when the planned
trade boycotts take effect.

Sweden is already giving a large part of its direct aid to southern Africa.
Furthermore there is a possibility of utilizing the special catastrophic aid--
which this fiscal year amounts to 500 million kronor for contributions in the
entire world--including help to southern Africa. At the meeting of Nordic
foreign and foreign aid ministers in Copenhagen in mid-August, Foreign Aid
Minister Lena Hjelm-Wallin said that an additional 100 million kroner from the
catastrophic aid fund would go to southern Africa.

Among other things, aid money is used for technical aid and rebuilding. The
important harbor of Dar-es-Salaam is being modernized, as is the railroad
between Zambia and Tanzania. That, like other railroads in the countries
around South Africa, are exposed to sabotage as reprisal by the South African
regime, and Swedish aid is going both to the buildup of railroad earthworks
and new locomotives, among other things.

Vital Roads

The endlessly large geographic areas with the long stretches of transport in
southern Africa make it vital that railroads, roads and harbors function when
South Africa is isolated. Despite the war the harbors in Mozambique, Biera
and Maputo, must be usable, and that will also be accomplished with aid funds.
The supply of energy to these states around South Africa must continue, as
must other important central functions in the various states.

For example Zimbabwe conducts 80 percent of its foreign trade through South
Africa. This and related problems were discussed when the organization of



19274
cso:

3400/132

* “This year, for example, Ccawusa’s average
claim was 66 percent compared with an average
settlement of.19 percent. Fawu’s average claim
was 78 percent compared with an average settle-
ment of 17 percent. The reason for these discre-
pancies is probably linked to member. mandates
to union negotiators.

.“In the most extreme case we found the union
séttled for nearly one seventh of its initial claim
while, in.most cases, the factor was in the region
of one third to one quarter.”

The negotiation process itself also came under
the spotlight.

“Despite the recession, increasing pressure is
still being exerted on management. The reces-
sion has neither moderated wage demands nor
resulted in lower levels of wage settlement.”

The average wage negotiation this year lasted
about 70 days and involved at least six meetings
between the parties. Disputes were declared in
32 percent of all wage claims submitted.

There did not appear to be any significant
level of difference in wage: settlement levels
where disputes were declared.

In about a third of all negotiations industrial
action occurred. Closer analysis showed that the
strike was no longer the most favoured form of
industrial action. Overtime bans were most often
used to put pressure on management.

“Overtime bans have become a cost-effective
means of putting maximum pressure on manage-
ment while maintaining a livable level of worker
earnings,” said Mr Levy. .

INDUSTRIAL ACTION

Certain unions were found to be more likely to
use industrial action than others. During 1986 the
Chemical Workers Industrial Union, the National
Union of Textile Workers and Fawu.were the
most likely. to use industrial action.

But. in terms of overall strike propensity dur-
ing the period 1979 to March 1986, the Metal and
Allied Workers Union, Ccawusa and the SA’ Al-
lied Workers Union were.most likely to strike.

Some interesting statistics emerged concern-
ing Sullivan Code, European Community (EC)
and local companies.

“The question is often asked whether there are
significant differences in terms of industrial re-
lations practice among wholly-owned South Afri-
can companies and those with foreign ownership
or interests which make them subject to codes of

practice.” said Mr Levy.

“In our sample there were 11 EC and eight
Sullivan companies. It was found that, percent-
age-wise, there was little difference in wage in-
creases. Average increases in 1986 showed an
overall rise of 18 percent, a Sullivan rise of
17.5 percent and EC rise of 14 percent.

“But, when it comes to average minimum
wages’ before and after negotiations, the rates
paid by the Sullivan and EC companies are
higher.”

107



SOUTH AFRICA

PRESIDENT BOTHA NOT THINKING OF RETIRING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 86 p 19

[Text]

19274
cso:

EAST LONDON — The State President, Mr
Botha, said on the first breakfast TV programme

“yesterday that he had never thought about retir-

ing from public life.

Instead, he said, he had plans to restore peace
and stability to South Africa by 1988 — a year
which would be important for the country.

After that he would take a decision on whatev-
er happened. His continued service as the coun-
try’s chief executive would depend on his health
and circumstances. .

Mr Botha told interviewer Andre le Roux that
his resignation as MP for George two years ago
and his stepping down as leader of the Cape Na-
tional Party did not mean he was bowing out of

public life.

He had been obliged to resign George in terms
of the constitution when he was elected State
Président. His decision to step down as party
provincial leader was a rearrangement of his
priorities.

Mr Botha said he was still the overall leader of
the National Party and, as such, was required
to have regular consultations with the party’s
four provincial leaders. .

3400/135

“I think my colleagues wanted me to have a
more balanced approach to the provinces and
not just as the leader of one of the provinces.”

Mr Botha said he intended to continue as exec-
utive State President, giving attention to nation-
al interests and.striving for better group rela-
tions as far as possible.

“I have never thought of retirement. I want to
continue with the help of friends and mercy from
above,” he said.

Asked whether 1989 (the latest date at which
an election can be called in terms of the consti- |
tution) was a personal target, Mr Botha said: :
“That is far away. I don’t want to talk about it
now. But 1988 is an important date for the coun-
try because it will have been 150 years since the
Great Trek. It is also the date on which we will
celebrate Dias’s landing in Southern Africa as
well as the arrival of the Huguenots.

“We must make South Africa peaceful and sta-
ble so we can celebrate these occasions.

“I will decide later what happens after that. I
cannot say that, if there is an election and I am
asked to make myself available again, I will say
no. It all depends on my health and circum-
stances which I cannot now determine.”

77



SOUTH AFRICA

STUDY CLAIMS INFLUX CONTROL LINKED TO POPULATION GROWTH
MBO71623 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1536 GMT 7 Oct 86

[Text] Pretoria, 7 Oct (SAPA)--If influx control had not been scrapped
South Africa's black population would have reached 846 million by the year
2100, the Human Sciences Research Council [HSRC] said. Projections by HSRC
demographers in a newsletter released today compared that figure to only 73
million if the system's scrapping was combined with industrialisation of the
national states, Without the industrialisation factor, but with the influx
system gone, the nation would reach 132 million by the year 2100, the news-
letter said; "Continued influx control in South Africa could have led to an
unmanageably large population in the country."

The government scrapped the system, structured to keep blacks from the poor
rural areas streaming to the urban regions in search of jobs and food, earlier
this year as part of its new orderly urbanisation policy. "The scrapping of
influx control and the development of a meaningful urbanisation policy are
positive steps towards counteracting the high population growth rate," the
demographers, Dr W, P. Moster, Dr J. lL. van Tonder, and Mr P. C. Kok, say.

Laws in the past severely hampered the migration of blacks to the industrial
and urban centers of South Africa, with the result they did not share to the
same extent as other population groups in the benefits of modernization. This
would have included a rapid reduction in child mortality and a swing towards
low fertility or smaller families. ‘The demographers say a strong correlation
has been found worldwide between low levels of mortality and fertility, and
industrialised urban populations,

“Were the migrant labour system to be maintained, population density in the

10 national states collectively may rise to respectively 140 and 360 persons
per square kilometre by the years 2000 and 2030." This would bring the states /
on a par with The Netherlands, which has one of the highese population den-
sities in the world,

The demographers say HSRC research "indicates the low level of black urban-
isation, inter alia as a result of the policy of separate development, has con~
tributed significantly to the present undesirably high morality and fertility
levels among blacks, especially in the national states. "The majority of
blacks, women and children in particular, live in traditionally orientated

103



SOUTH AFRICA

ANC OFFICIAL PRAISES SANCTIONS, URGES MORE
EA051523 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT 4 Oct 86
[Talk by Thabo Mbeki, member of the ANC National Executive Committee]

{Excerpt] [Announcer] [Fellow countrymen, for more than a quarter of a
century now, our people have been pleading with the rest of the world to im-
pose sanctions against the oppressor regime. The campaign was started during
the days of [words indistinct] presidency and it has kept on mounting and
gaining more and more popularity. The Thursday's American Senate vote in
favor of tough sanctions against Pretoria was another step forward in this
direction,

But this development did not come without resistance from the part of those
who benefit from the apartheid system. Some of them were even ridiculing our
campaign, saying that they did not think that sanctions will destroy apart-
heid, But according to Comrade Thabo Mbeki, a member of the National Execu~
tive Committee of the ANC and head of our Publicity and Information Depart-
ment, we are calling for sanctions because they will reduce Botha's capacity
to hold on to power:

[Begin Mbeki recording] Sanctions are a very important weapon in our strug-
gle, For 25 years now we have been saying to the rest of the world it is im-
portant that the world should act to isolate the apartheid regime. And one of
those measures was the imposition of economic sanctions. We wanted sanctions
because that would weaken the apartheid regime and therefore reduce its
capacity to hold on to power, It would make it easier for us to remove that
regime from power, the imposition of sanctions that is.

Naturally, there has been a great deal of resistance on the part of the natural
allies of the apartheid regime which are the principal Western countries. . To
this day Reagan and Margaret Thatcher and Helmut Kohl, people like that, are
still bent on resisting the imposition of sanctions because they do not want
to weaken their ally, They want the apartheid regime strong so that it can
defend the apartheid system and protect what they see as Western interests in
South Africa and in southern Africa as a whole.

But fortunately I think the important thing is that the masses of the people

in these Western countries have themselves come to understand what the apartheid
system represents, They have come to understand their own obligation to act

88


alias Sancho--his name is cited often--informed them that the attack would
take place in the night of 23 to 24 September 1986. A first group of about
20 persons was selected. The members of that group, who were charged with
assassinating the head of state, entered Lome individually between 21 and 22
September 1986 using false Togolese identity cards. They gathered in a
house near the Oba building at Tokoin (Koreba) quite near the presidential
route of Lome 2 at the Inter-Service Regiment Camp. A team of this group

of 20 was expected to shoot the president of the republic and kill him, while
the others were to divert attention by planting explosives and exploding
them in several districts of Lome, and by shooting in various spots in the
capital in order to confuse the security forces. Several sub-groups were
formed with code names prepared by Major Lumor of the border guards of Aflao,
Ghana, on our western border.

These were the code names: Control, like control, stands for the transmission
center installed at Aflao under the command of Major Lumor, who is also the
head of the border guards at the Ghanaian border town of Aflao. Second code
name, (Cande), which stands for Amah Ayayi known as Sancho. According to
the plot, it is the very Ayayi.who.was.to get to the attack point, where ‘the
head of state was to be killed. He was to take the body of the head of state
to the radio station in order to make.a proclamation. Bravo stands for
Godwin, [words indistinct] of the presidential guard; Beauty is for Raoul
[words indistinct] whose mission was to give the go-ahead to shooting. the head
of state and keeping the body until (Cande), that is Amah Ayayi, arrived;
Kola stands for Fodi and Lucien, those who were in charge of firing the
bazookas at the president's car in order to kill him; [words indistinct].

With regard to reinforcement, 200 Burkinabe soldiers were on stand-by at
Bittou, a Burkinabe village. The infiltration point agreed upon was
Akosombo. On D-Day, the attackers effectively entered Togo from Akomsobo at
the Togo-Ghana border area.

Still according to those arrested, a meeting on the attack was held on

21 September 1986 at Kuba Cope. During the meeting, they set up a 10-member
committee called the Provisional Council of Togolese Revolution to be headed
by Amah Ayayi with the rank of captain. So that was the political body to
be established pending further developments.

On 22 September, on the eve of the coup attempt, Major Lumor, commander of the
Aflao border guards, personally visited the attackers at a meeting at

Kuba Cope where he distributed amulets to the various group leaders, explain-
ing that it was thanks to these charms that Rawlings had succeeded in taking
power. After giving advice to the leaders of these commando units on how to
operate the following night, Major Lumor urged the group to pour libations at
midnight so that that gods of Togo would help them overthrow the Lome regime.

Following these preparations, the assailants, backed by commandos of the

Ghanaian Armed Forces, launched the attack. As you know, the response to
the Togolese Armed Forces was immediate and decisive.

56


NYERERE URGES PRIVATE SECTOR TO HELP DEVELOPMENT

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 9 Sep 86 p 1

[Text]

PARTY Chairman Mwalimu
Nyerere has called for full par-
ticipation of the private sector in
the country’s development
strategy in order to consolidate
gains attained: through the
socialist policy.

Speaking after being confer-
red an honorary degree of Doc-
tor of Literature by the Univer-

sity of Dar es Salaam yesterday, .

Mwatimu said although it was
essential under socialism that all
major sectors of the economy be
under public control, the Gov-
ernment could not undertake all
economic activities, Shihata
reported.

“If, within the framework of
public control over _ the
economy, individuals or:private
companies are willing to do some
of the things which are in prac-
tice beyond our capacity at pre-
sent, it is better that they be
allowed to do them,” Mwalimu
said.

He said short of that, “we will
be forced to do what we can
according to priorities and leave_
the less important activities for
the future.” ‘

However, by doing that “we
may appear to be very pure
socialists, but in practical terms
we shall be reducing our capacit
to act without any good reason,”
he added.

Mwalimu, who was re-exami-.
ning the way Tanzania has been.
able to re-organise itself for the
building of socialism, said there
was no doubt that over the last
few. years, the country’s
economic capacity had gone

19274
csO: 3400/152

down, and that the quality o:
education and health services
had declined.

Mwalimu, who is the former
Chancellor ‘of the University,
said to the extent that these
things have been happening
while other expenditures were
allowed to mount showed that in

ractice, “perhaps through neg-
ligence and’ tack~of: attention,”

anzania had made unplanned
retreat from socialism.

“But I believe that it is mainly
the economic difficulties of the
last few years, not a weakening
of our ideological commitment
or our socialist stand, which has
caused problems afflicting the
social services,” he emphasized.

The Party’ Chairman said
there was need to look closely at
the functioning of publicly-
owned enterprises. The Gover-
ment on its part, he added, has
begun todo so.

Apart from providing goods
needed by the people, the pro-
ductive ‘parastatals were sup-
posed to be earning an income
which could be used for socialist
purposes.

“Yet infact many of them have
become a very heavy drain on
public revenue through losses
resulting from inefficiency or
‘incapacity to run them in the fact
of new and. more adverse
economic conditions,” he said.

He pointerd out that such
parastatals vvere in practice
reducing the resources which
could otherwise have been used
for basic soci al services. “

“We have ‘very seriously to ask
ourselves whether some of our
democratic practices could not

52

TANZANIA

be done as effectively, or
perhaps more effectively, with
less paid e:mployees, less allo-
wances. an.d more consideration
of the relative costs and benefits
of some of our activities,” the
Party Chairman said.

He said in time of economic
pressure , as now, “we must look
again at ail these questions. It is
not diskoyal, or anti-socialist to
do so. On the contrary, the
buildings of socialism involves a
careful “definition. of priorities
and the:n their implementation.

“Ensuring that you adhere to
the privorities of socialism is a ser-
vice to: Tanzania and its socialist
develcypment,” Mwalimu stres-
sed.

On public ownetship, the
forme:r President said there was
need to protect the socialist
gains the country has achieved,
addin g: that wholesale privatisa-
tion of public enterprises would
not be a tactical retreat under
press ure, but a total surrender to
capitalism.

“That must be rejected abso-
lutely'. “You cannot _ build
socialism unless the controlling
instruments and enterprises of
an economy are in ic
Aarcis,” he'said, : Public

He explained that retail shops
were: an essential part of any dis-
tribution system without which
workers and peasants could,
not obtain the goods they want.

He said an efficiently-run co-
operative or village-owned shop
hacl the added advantage that,
without exploiting customers, it
cari both provide a service and
provide income for the members
or the village government.



LESOTHO

BRIEFS

EEC GRANT~-Maseru--The European Economic Community will grant R97 000 to
Lesotho to provide specialist technical assistance services in the fields
of railway design and the management and handling of containers for the
transportation of goods from Lesotho to overseas markets. The delegate
of the EEC to Lesotho, Mr Tue Rohrsted, said in Maseru that the money
would be used towards the design of a container terminal to be established
at the Maseru industrial estate.--Ziana-Sapa [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 26 Sep 86 p 3] /9317 1

CSO: 3400/194

14


SOMALIA

MINISTER OF INFORMATION DETAILS ARABIZATION POLICY
Abu Dhabi AL-~ITTIHAD in Arabic 20 Jul 86 p 14

[Interview with Information Minister Mohamed Omar Jess by unnamed corres—
pondent: "Steps Toward Implementing a Comprehensive Policy of Arabization
in Somalia, No Basis to Rumors of an Attempt on the Life of President Siad
Barre, Much Aid to the Somali Republic. from the Emirates in Many Areas, New
Laws To Encourage Arab and Gulf Investors"; Mogadishu, date not given]

[Text] His Excellency Mohamed Omar Jess, Somali minister of information,
praised the charitable efforts of His Highness Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al
Nuhayyan and his assistance to the Somali people in many different areas.

In an interview that AL-ITTIHAD held with him in the capital, Mogadishu, his
excellency said that the [United Arab] Emirates give the Somali Democratic
Republic a great deal of assistance in many areas. Among the most important
projects funded by the Arab Emirates are the Mariri project, the sugar
factory project in the south, and many other projects.

His excellency added that the credit goes to the initiative of His Highness
Shaykh Zayid bin Sultan Al Nuhayyan in helping his brothers, the Somali
people, and to the friendship existing between the two fraternal leaders,
[Shaykh] Zayid and [President] Siad Barre, and the eternal bonds of brother-
hood that link the Gulf states with the Somali Republic. He added that these
areas are continuing--praise be to God.

His excellency the Somali minister of information praised the financial and
technical assistance given by the Arab funds, especially the Abu Dhabi Fund
for [Arab] Economic Development, to Somali projects.

Plan for Implementing the Policy of Arabization

In reply to a question about the extent to which the implementation of the
comprehensive Arabization policy has succeeded, his excellency said: "Somalia
joined the Arab family in the [Arab] League in 1974 and has taken many steps
in the areas of Arabization since that time."

He said: “With our modest resources, we have undertaken no fewer than three

campaigns for the Arabization process in Somalia. We shall carry out the
fourth campaign in the coming year, God willing."

43



A Regrettable Matter

[Question] Somalia has always been known for its firm and lofty stands on
world and Arab liberation issues, especially on the Arabs' primary issue, the
Palestinian issue, What is your excellency's evaluation of the split that has
taken place between Palestinian comrades in arms and of the destructive con-
flict going on in Lebanon?

[Answer] Naturally, on the question of Palestine, we all know that the plots—-
they began in 1917, the time of the Balfour Declaration, and have continued un-
til our day--are still being devised daily against this Arab people. All these
plots and what is happening in this arena are regrettable matters. Never did I
imagine that Palestinians would be struck down in Beirut by Israeli forces and
by other Arab forces at the same time.

This fragmentation and disunity between brothers in arms is something very dis-
tressing. It comes out of these plots that are being contrived again and again.

I hope that this Arab people will unite its ranks, so that in the future it
will be able to regain its lands and its unity.

12937/12859
cso: 3404/001

47



REPORT ASSESSES TOBACCO INDUSTRY'S WORTH

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 3 Oct 86 p 2

{Text]

19274
csO:

THE tobacco industry in Zim-
babwe generated a total expendi-
ture of $736,7 million throughout:
the economy during the 1984/85
season, of which the government
received $67,2 million, according
to a new study of the industry
Teleased this week.

‘The report, entitled “Tobacco
and its Economic Contribution to
Zimbabwe" was compiled by the
Standard Chartered Bank on behalf
of the Tobacco Industry Council.

The study features, for the first
time in Zimbabwe, a comprehensive
calculation of the value-added
generated and distributed by all sub-
sectors of the tobacco industry. In
1984/85, the industry generated to-
tal value added of $269 million.

It also shows that the retail sec-
tor and the four tobacco economic
sub-sectors — the growers, the auc-
tion floor, the merchants and the
manufacturers — spent a total. of
$173 million on goods and services

3400/183

provided by Zimbabwean’ compa-
nies, parastatals, local authorities
and central government. .

Total expenditure “generated:

throughout the economy amounted -

to $736,7 million, foreign exchange
earnings to $293,8 million, and
more than 500 000 Zimbabweans
derived their livelihood in one way
or another from the industry, ac~
cording to the report.

“J was delighted that a Zimbab-
wean company was appointed to
carry out this study", Mr Zdenek
Silavecky, Standard Chartered’s
group economist told the Gazette.
“We have the expertise:and other
banking and professional bodies in
Zimbabwe have it too, so there is
no need to fly people out here from
outside for this sort of thing. This
is a‘trend. that we must support’’.

Such studies as the one on tobac-
co, he said, are important from the
point of view of educating not only
the ordinary public, but also the

76

man in the senior decision-making
position, the true role played by a
sector of the economy

This, Mr Silavecky said, is a big
improvement on previous publica-
tions which really just give ‘“‘snapshot
presentations of the sector: Every-
one already knows that the indus-
try is important to the economy, but
it is also necessary to quantify its
real contribution, by looking at the
value-added — what goes in, what
comes out and the difference be-
tween them.
__ “So the study is not just about the
direct generation of wealth and em-
ployment in the diffetent sub-
sectors, but also about the way these
sub-sectors interact with other com-
panies, parastatals, central govern-
ment departments and municipali-
ties’.

ZIMBABWE


ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

ADDITIONAL VILLAGIZATION PLANNED-—Arba Minch (ENA)--The Villagization Coordi-
nating Committee of Ganso Goffa region met here Monday to work out ways of
establishing new peasant villages and constructing dwelling units during
the current year. The meeting, resided over by Comrade Kassahun Tafesse,
member of the CC of the WPE and First Secretary of the regional WPE
Committee, exchanged views on the basis of a’report presented to it by

the planning, programming and follow-up sub-committee which recently toured
areas suitable for villagization. The plan for the current year is to
regroup more than 45,000 peasant families into 32 new villages and to

build 8,246 houses along with latrines, garbage pits and barns and to
construct 75 kms of feeder roads. Comrade Kassahun said that to improve the
livelihood of the peasant farmers and to provide them with all necessary
social services the villagization scheme must be implemented, adding that
over 2,000 improved dwelling units were built following the measures taken
last year to regroup the peasants. Comradé Kassahun called on the committee
set up at all levels to work harder for better results. [Text] [Addis Ababa
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 24 Sep 86 p 1] /9317

ADB TO OPEN BRANCH IN ADDIS-~Abidjan (Reuter)--The Abidjan-based African
Development Bank announced plans yesterday to open a branch in the Ethiopian
capital Addis Ababa. The branch will be responsible for bank affairs in
Ethiopia and for cooperation with the Addis Ababa-based Organisation of
African Unity and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. The

bank, which already has branches in London, Yaounde (Cameroun), Nairobi
(Kenya) and Harare (Zimbabwe), said it plans to open soon in Rabat (Morocco)
and Conakry (Guinea). [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English
25 Sep 86 p 1] /9317

CSO: 3400/179



PROTOCOL SIGNED WITH PRC, ZAMBIA ON TAZARA

TANZANIA

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 16 Aug 86 p 1

[Text]

19274
cso:

. Lusaka, Friday
ZAMBIA, Tanzania and China
have signed a 224m/- (5.6

million US dollars) technical co-
operation protocol under which
spareparts and equipment. will
be purchased and cater for the
training of personnel for the
Tanzania Zambia ~ Railway
Authority (TAZARA),

The fifth term of railway
technical co-operation protocol
was signed yesterday at the end
of the TAZARA Council of
Ministers tripartite talks which
started at Mulungushi Hall on
‘Thursday.

Zambian Minister for Power,
Transport and Communication,
Fitzpatrick Chuula, who was
chairman of the council signed
on behalf of the Zambian
Government while Ndugu
Mustapha Nyang’anyi, —_Tan-
zanian Minister of Com-
munications and Works, signed
for his government and Chinese
Vice-Minister of Economic
Division and Trade, Ndugu Lu
Xue Jian, signed for the Chinese
Government.

The General Manager of Com-
plant, a Chinese company,
Ndugu Luo Hanlin, also signed
an agreement with Tazara
General Manager, Standwell
Mapara, for the supply of the
spare parts and equipment
valued at 224m/-.

Speaking after the signing
ceremony, Ndugu Luo said his
government hoped that the new
protocol would further improve
the running of TAZARA so that
it plays an even greater role in
the economic development of
Zambia and Tanzania and in the
liberation struggle in Southern
Africa.

The

Tanzanian delegation

3400/152

* equipment,

leader, Ndugu Nyang’anyi,
congratulated the management
of TAZARA for enabling the
authority to realise profits.

He said the good performance
should not make the
management complacent, but
should make it look into the
future with more determination
and iron will to the challenges
ahead.

Th his closing remarks, Ndugu
Chuula ‘thanked the - People’s
Republic of China for its com-
mitment to continue supporting
TAZARA through provision of
expertise and
training.

He said, ‘‘the challenge now
remains for those who are given
the task of managing TAZARA
‘on behalf of the people, to en-
sure that these resources which.
will be channelled into the
railway system are utilised to the
maximum possible benefit.

“Management are the
custodians of the massive in-
vestments committed by the two
governments into TAZARA.and
it is therefore their duty to give a
Proper account of ,.the rewards
accruing from this investment.”””

Ndugu.Chuula reiterated that
the developments: in the south
which necessitated diversion of
trading routes to the east via
TAZARA by some neighbouring
countries, will place great
demands not only on the
physical capacity, of the line, but
also on management effort.

He said the planning aspect of
TAZARA also needed to be up-
dated and strengthened not only
to be in line with modern
management techniques. but
also because ‘‘an_ efficient
management information system

51

enables facts to be easily ac-
cessible thereby facilitating
management decisions.

“We must: therefore ensure
that our management in
TAZARA is both aggressive. and

innovative,” -Ndugi Chuula
said. .
Meanwhile, Tanzanian

President Mwinyi arrived in
Zambia today for a two-day of-
ficial visit during which he will
attend the 10th anniversary of
TAZARA at New Kapiri Mposhi
tomorrow.

President Mwinyi was met by
President  Kaunda, Party
Secretary General /Grey Zulu,
Prime Minister Kebby Musokot-
wane, Secretary of State for
‘Defence and Security Alex Shapi
‘and other senior party and
government officials.

Dr.. Kaunda, who was on ‘a

three-day’ working‘ holiday at
Mfuwe, arrived earlier to receive
his counterpart Ndugu Mwinyi
who is accompaniéd by.‘ Acting
Chief of Protocal, Ndugu Peter
Kabisa, and other Tanzanian of-
ficials.”
- On_. arrival, the. Tanzanian
leader was given a fed carpet
reception, inspected ‘a guard of
honour mounted by the Second
Battalion and received a 21 ‘gun
salute.

President Kaunda was ex-
pected to host a state banquet in
honour of President Mwinyi and
State Councillor of the People’s
Republic of China, Madame
Chen Muhua, who is also here to
attend the celebrations.

This morning President
Mwinyi and his entourage will
fly from Lusaka to New Kapiri
Mposhi, the venue of the
celebrations.



ZIMBABWE

CSS Gives Immigration, Emigration Figures
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 26 Sep 86) ..sscccsececccevccees

Efforts To Increase Volume of Nation's Minerals Through Beira
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 3 Oct 86) ..

Plans To Increase Production Capacity of Shamva Gold Mine
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 3. Oct 86). ...eeee

Commercial Farmers Looking for Alternatives to Maize
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 26 Sep, 3 Oct 86; THE HERALD,

3 Oct 86) rececccecvecvcceccevseecsessesevsssvensesessenses

More Oilseeds To Be Planted

Reaction Against Government Quota Decision

Farmers May Consider Groundnuts

Oilseed Producers Prepared To Help New Growers, by
Funny Mushava

Private Corporation Aids Farm Collective
(THE. FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 26 Sep 86) ..sseeecesveececeececees

Last. Cotton Season Seen as Worst on Record
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 3 Oct 86) sscccecceeeccvccrsececes

Report Assesses Tobacco Industry's Worth
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 3 Oct 86) .cecccccceeeereccesceecss

SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

President Botha Not Thinking of Retiring
(THE STAR, 2 Oct 86) cecseseccecccccccsrcccsccevernvesseres

Highlights of National Party Provincial Congresses
(David Braun; THE STAR, 2 Oct 86) ssesececececsecceceeccers

Administration of Black Affairs Transferred to Provinces
(SAPA, 2 Oct 86) sescececcccccccccevccecesccncsececeesesees

HNP Congress Recognizes English, Afrikaans as Official
CSAPA, 3 Oct 86) .cccccccvcccerevecsevscecssscvssvesssenees

Briefs
Community Police Stations Encouraged
Malan Underscores SADF Cohesion
HNP Leader Scores U.S.
Nine New Jeugkrag Branches

-d-

66

67

68

69
69
71

72

74

75

76

77

78

79


PLANS TO INCREASE PRODUCTION

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE

[Text]

19274
cso:

WORK to increase the
capacity of Shamva Gold Mine is
to begin in the first quart-
er of 1987. The work, costing ap-
proximately $5 million, will in-
crease the mine’s gold production
capacity by 25kg to 80kg per
month, and will bring into the
country over $6 million in foreign
exchange annually.

A final report will be produced
within the next two months, and a
final decision on the implementation
of the project will be made then. But
the chief consulting engineer of
Lonrho Zimbabwe, Mr-Vic Jump-
panen, said this week that follow-
ing the findings of a preliminary
feasibility study, the project’s ap-

3400/183

CAPACLTY OF SHAMVA GOLD MINE

in English 3 Oct 86 p 1

proval was already “‘almost
certain’.

Mr Jumppanen told the Gazette:
“This will bring into the country
‘over $500 000 per month in foreign
exchange, or over $6 million a year
at the present gold prices.

“At present, the mine, (Lonrho’s
third largest gold mine) is milling
about 13 000 tons of ore per month,
and is, producing about 56kg of gold
per month. After expansion work
the million target will yield 80kg of
gold per month.

“However, the increase in em-
ployment levels will be small be-
cause a substantial amount of money
has been, and will be, spent on im-
proving the present ore-handling

68

facilities. :

“The work involves the improve-
ment of ore-handling facilities, the
installation of a primary crusher un-
derground, the expansion of surface
crushing and milling facilities, and
the expansion and modernisation of
the gravity section.

~“*The cyanidation section will be
enlarged and converted into a
carbon-in-pulp (CIP) process, and
a new tailing disposal area will be
constructed.

“‘At this stage, we do not know
exactly how much new plant and
equipment will be imported as the
aim is to utilise, as much as possi-

‘ble, Zimbabwe plant and equip-

ment, and particularly some old
plant from Lonrho’s Shamrock

ZIMBABWE

Copper Mine, which closed down’

in 1978”, said Mr Jumppanen.
Shamva mine, first worked in

1893, was closed down in 1930 af- °
ter the ore reserves had been ex-;

hausted. At the time of the closure,
about 9,5 million tons of ore had
been milled, from which nearly five
million ounces of gold were
extracted.

From 1930 to 1964, the mine was
leased to various small workers, and
at the end of 1964, RST Limited
was granted the option to explore
the claims, but the option was relin-
quished in 1967.

In 1968, a Lontho subsidiary,
Homestake Mines, entered into a
tribute agreement with an option to
purchase the mine. At the end of
1968, Homestake Mines bought the

Property.

Since 1968, Shamva Mine has
milled over two million tons of ore,
from which over 9 000 tons of gold
has been extracted.


MOZAMBIQUE

HOSTAGE-TAKING SEEN AS DISCREDIT TO RENAMO
Lisbon O DIABO in Portuguese 9 Sep 86 p 7
[Commentary by A.M.Z.: "Time for Renamo To Stop Holding Hostages"]

[Text] In Luabo on 30 July 1985, Renamo guerrilla fighters seized a number of
foreigners, including an Englishman, an Irishman, and "several" Portuguese.
We say "several" because the reports were contradictory on that point: we read
that there were 12, that there were 14, and even that there were 24. Thirteen
months have passed, and despite all that has been written on the subject, we
still do not have an accurate list of those compatriots of ours. We find this
incredible.

In the course of these 13 months, three of the Portuguese have already died,
and two have been released on the Malawian border along with the Irishman, the
Englishman, and other prisoners. It is not known why only two were released
instead of all. What is known for a fact, however, is that three have already
died.

The first death that we know about was that of Julio Herculano da Silva, and
it apparently occurred on 29 October. During the last half of April, the
death of Jose Soares was reported to his family. And lastly, it was learned
in August that Leopoldina Silva, the wife of Julio Herculano da Silva, had
died. On the same occasion, Renamo announced that another hostage, Dinis Jose
Pereira, was in acoma, giving reason to fear that there will be another
death.

Number of Dead not the Most Important Thing

So if Dinis Jose Pereira is still alive, it means that three people have died
in captivity. Three and not four, contrary to what was stated in a certain
tendentious report which included in its list the name of a hostage-~Sebastiao
de Miranda--who had been released but then died in Maputo.

But whether three, four, or more have died is not the dominant aspect in the
gravity of this situation. Its intolerable gravity has been serious since the
first death occurred. Or even since the group of Portuguese in question was
held for a long time. It is serious and is growing more serious as time

23



CSS GIVES IMMIGRATION, EMIGRATION FIGURES

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 26 Sep 86 p 9

[Text]

ZIMBABWE had a net loss of 19
workers in the various economic
occupations during the period
January to May 1986. However,
in the professional and technical
sector, the country’s net gain was
141 workers. :

According to the latest monthly
migration and tourist statistics from
the Central Statistical Office, 249
professional, technical, and related
workers left the country, while 390
arrived, giving a net gain of 141
This sector includes physical scien-
tists and related technicians,. ar-
chitects, engineers, medical, dental.
and veterinary workers, accoun-
tants. and teachers.

In the production and related wor-
kers sector. which includes electri-
cal and machinery fitters, printers,
production supervisors and gener-
al foremen. welldrillers, construc-
tion and mine workers. 173 people
left the country while 97 came in.
reflecting a net loss of 76 workers
in that sector.

19274
csO: 3400/183

66

ZIMBABWE

EQUAL NUMBER

In the administrative and
managerial workers sectors, 32
workers ieft the country while an
equal number of workers immigrat-
ed. 82 clerical and related workers
left Zimbabwe, while 46 came into
the country, a net loss of 36 cleri-
cal workers. -

Zimbabwe had a net gain of seven
sales workers when six sales wor-
kers left the country and 13 came
in, and during the same period 54
‘service workers left the country,
while 11 immigrated. In the agricul-
tural and related workers sector. 36
workers left the country while 23
came in.

Three ‘‘armed forces’’ workers
immigrated to Zimbabwe between
January and May, while in the “not
stated or inadequately described’”
category, 12 people came to Zim-
babwe while 14 left.


carried out point by point. with. the cowardly attack of the. terrorist military
assailants on 23 September as its climax. Our relief and our victory is that
among the terrorists arrested are those who planted. explosives in 1985. Among
them are those who planted the bombs at the RPT House, at the 2 Fevrier Hotel,
at the National Trading Company, at Lome~Tokoin International ‘Airport ,..and

at the National Social Security Fund. There is-also among them the one who,
the same year--1985--threw a grenade into the residence of the Togolese min-
ister of interior.

For all these criminals, ladies and gentlemen, the judiciary procedure will
regularly be followed impassionately but responsible. The law will be re-
sponsibly and (?correctly) pursued, in accordance with the degree of
responsibility of each of them. The president of :the Republic of Togo and
head of state will, as soon as possible, and in accordance with norms, indi-
cate the political and diplomatic aftermath that is fitting to be given at the
national and international levels to these painful events.

However, we are already convinced that the methods used in this attack.as
well as the barbaric attacks which preceded it can be fitted in its ‘right
context: that of international terrorism. The latest painful manifestation
of this plague in France and in the world shows, if need be, that. the. inter-
national community must mobilize. and work in solidarity to forestall ‘such
criminal, cowardly, and irresponsible acts often characterized bythe killing
of innocent persons, the destruction of public property, and the common
property of the whole mankind.

In the face of terrorism and of those who ‘condone the destabilization. of our
political regime, Togo is determined’ to leave “no stoné unturned to.ensure
individual and collective security for its peace-loving people. We have
duties toward these people and toward all.those who live in Togo. We will
carry out these duties without fear or favor.

Lastly, I would like to take this opportunity .on behalf of the Togolese Govern-
ment to present our deepest condolences to the bereaved. families and to
reaffirm our determination to punish the authors of these crimes with all the
harshness and rigor allowed by the prevailing laws.

I will also.seize this opportunity to express the gratitude of the Togolese
people to the friendly countries which have given ‘us their support in these
difficult times by dispatching delegations to the Togolese ‘head of state or
sending messages of solidarity to the Togolese people.

/6662
cso: 5600/27

59



LIBERIA

BRIEFS

DOE PROTESTS ATTACKS--The president of Liberia, Dr Samuel Kanyon Doe, has
called on governmental and non-governmental organizations to exert strong dip-
lomatic pressure on Iran and Iraq to desist from unprovoked attacks on merchant
ships flying the Liberian flag. He observed that Liberia has sustained severe
losses in the Gulf region as a result of repeated attacks on Liberian regis—
tered ships by Iranian and Iraqi forces, who, he said, had selected merchant
tonnage as a target, not to mention the loss of human lives. The call was con-
tained in President Doe's message delivered last evening on his behalf by
Finance Minister Robert Tubman, on the occasion of the seventh anniversary of
World Maritime Day. The Liberian leader and Liberia will not relent in protesting

to the governments concerned against such attacks. President Doe further said,
as the single leading maritime nation in the world, Liberia is aware of her
international responsibility in the maritime sphere. Our maritime program
maintains one of the highest safety standards which has engendered a degree of
respectability unparalleled by any of our dedicated rivals, Dr Doe said.
[Excerpts] [Monrovia Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 25 Sep 86 AB] /12232

SUNTIMES. NEWSPAPER FINED--The government of Liberia has imposed a $3,000 fine
on the SUNTIMES newspaper for publishing articles intended to create disunity
in the country. An executive mansion release issued this afternoon said the
president, Dr Samuel Kanyon Doe, in taking the action, said the government
strives to promote peace and stability in the country, and attempts to undermine
this effort by any individual or groups will not be condoned. Meanwhile, the
SUNTIMES newspaper has been given 24 hours to make payment of fine into govern-
ment revenue. The minister of information has been directed to ensure that the
said amount is paid into government revenue or the paper will not be allowed to
publish until payment is made. [Text] [Monrovia Domestic Service in English
2100 GMT 25 Sep 86 AB] /12232

FRG FREEZES LOANS--Monrovia, 26 September (AFP)-~The West German Government has
frozen all loans to Liberia until the country pays some of the 9 million dollars
it owes Bonn, the independent DAILY OBSERVER reported Thursday, quoting reliable
sources. The freeze will affect many development projects, including the Nimba
County Rural Agricultural Development Project, water supplies, and road and
bridge building, the paper said. The Nimba project aims to encourage and im-
prove cultivation of swap rice and tree crops as well as providing marketing
facilities through farmers' cooperative. Project sources said the 300-strong
Liberian staff has not been paid for 4 months. [Text] [Paris AFP in English
0900 GMT 26 Sep 86 AB] /12232 .

16


EDITOR DENIES BACKING ARMED STRUGGLE OR FAVORING SWAPO

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

His voice conveyed a tremulous note as Mr Andreas
Shipanga spoke at Strijdom Airport shortly after the so-called
Cape Agreement nearly 18 months ago. Pleadingly he asked
Give us a year’s chance...

More than a year of being in power has gone, and if ever a
government, albeit an unelected one, warrants destruction, it
is this one. The country is saddled with an embarrassment, not
a government. The Windhoek . Observer, irrespective of its
small contribution, will work tirelessly from now one to have
this spectacle called a central government, _ removed,
destroyed. It is the duty of every nationalist to work for the
removal of this awkward institution called a government. For
it is a circus of humiliating proportions. The title of the Judge
President should be altered to read President Hans Berker and
not Mr Justice Haris Berker. For it is one court case after the
other, and the judges must give a ruling. They are the executive
presidents of the country.

This top-heavy spectacle is in existence not to run the coun-
try in an orderly fashion and to lay the basis for an economy of
growth in an expansive atmosphere. No, it is there to institute
litigation after litigation to promote their varied political
blueprints at the expense of the taxpayer. The principals of the
transitional government of national unity are either on
overseas flights, or in briefing sessions with lawyers. The top-
heavy, largely inefficient civil service with its top brass, to be
known in future years as the 4 per cent Mercedes and BMW
owners, run the country, as the inflated top brass of the muni-
cipalities are running towns and no longer the town coun-
cillors, or aldermen, as some of them are known by now, for
Nero’s fiddling is on the rocket as the walls of decay collapse
around him. And Nero’s carriages are getting loftier and lofti-
er, while the bulk of the country’s children do not have ample
food.

Nationalists, rally! It is our only hope to deal a mortal blow
to the cackling tribalists and puppets. For it is now clear that it
is not national unity that is wanted, but a continuation of the
tribal medley, more pronounced than ever before, the pace-
setters being a group of pious-looking men but with an ineffi-
ciency tantamount to the malicious effects of an incurable
tumour. This newspaper for one, is bent on working for the
removal of this government. And let them do what they want
to. Political helpnessness and cowardice are often expressed in
arbitrary action. We are anyhow not recognised by this
supreme spectacle in public administration when it comes to
business. We are saddled with a R20 000 licence tag, and with
the shadow of banishment hanging over us, even at night time.

33

NAMIBIA



TOGO

OFFICIAL DETAILS COUP ATTEMPT FOR PRESS CONFERENCE
AB301230 Lome Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT 29 Sep 86

[Press conference given by Kpotivi Tevi Djidjogbe Lacle, member of the
Political Bureau of the RPT and minister of interior, on 29 September 1986
in Lome-~recorded]

[Text] In the night of 23 September to Wednesday 24 September 1986, some
serious events occurred in Lome, our ‘capital. The aim of these events was to
overthrow the present political regime in Togo by assassinating the head of
state, General Gnassingbe Eyadema. According to the arrested terrorists,
after killing the head of state, the targets.that were to be taken over

were the national radio, the Interarms. Regiment camp of Tokoin where the
head of state normally. resides, .the national gendarmerie camp, and the rapid
intervention force camp near the party school. The beginning of the
implementation of this sinister enterprise led-to the killing of eight inno-
cent persons of Togolese and foreign. origin. In reality, Togo has undergone
nothing less than a destabilization attempt on its democratically elected
regime, an attempt carried out by a gang of terrorist aggressors carrying
very powerful and destructive equipment. The weapons recovered from the
terrorists are numerous, as you can-see in front of us here. I do not know
if it is necessary to read out to you the list of the weapons, but I think

it is necessary. Here, in front of you. are explosives: about 110 kilograms
of explosives; 7 pyrotechnic detonators}; 2. electric detonates,; and 2 electric
firing systems. They also had safety fuses. That is all as far as explo-
gives are concerned. ‘Concerning weapons, they had 3 rocket launchers, 21
rockets; 37 guns: 9 automatic pistols; 61 grenades, and.7 ‘commando knives.
There was also a large quantity of ammunition: 7,000 ' 7.62 mm bullets;
24,000 bullets of 7.25 mm; 32,000 .7.65 mm bullets, and 100 9 mm bullets.
You can see the accessories: 14 P.A. [automatic pistolas] clips; 146 guns;

2 pairs of binoculars; 1 commandos. rope; 4 cloth belts; 8-radio sets; 8 pairs
of ranger boots; 3 pairs of low heel shoes; 3 pairs of gloves and combat
helmets. You can also see red and white bandeaus used as identification signs.

So, this equipment was recovered from the terrorist aggressors. I hereby
immediately read out to you their names... I want to point out right now that
out of the 20, there are 7.of African origin, and 13 Togolese nationals
porn and residing in Ghana. There is 1 Malian, 1 Burkina Faso national,

53



MOZAMBIQUE

PAPER UPDATES PROGRESS OF GENERAL ELECTIONS
MBO91421 Dakar PANA in English 1042 GMT 9 Oct 86

[Text] Maputo, 9 October, (PANA)-~In Mozambique's northern province of
Niassa, a total of 59 People's Assemblies have been elected in the second
stage of Mozambique's general elections. The Mozambique (?daily paper) [words
indistinct] 30 localities and 29 administrative posts. It proved to be
impossible to carry out the electoral process in the entire province.
Elections were not held in 10 localities and eight administrative posts.

The paper did not give [words indistinct], but some parts of the province are
virtually cut off due to the poor state of the few roads and a dramatic
shortage of vehicles and fuel. Niassa is the most remote and sparsely-
populated of Mozambique's 10 provinces.

In much of the country, the second phase of the elections is now proceeding
with the election of district and city assemblies. Chokwe, in the southern
province of Gaza, was the first city to elect its assembly, NOTICIAS reported.
It was there that the secret ballot was used for the first time in this year's
elections. City provincial assemblies will be elected by secret ballot as
well as the national People's Assembly in the Mozambican parliament. In the
country's first general elections in 1977, only the national body was chosen
by secret ballot.

In the secret ballot elections there are to be 20 percent more candidates than
places to fill, and voters strike off, from the list, the names of those they
do not wish to represent them. At the lower levels voting is by show of hands
at mass meetings.

Bandits of the South African backed MNR have tried to disrupt the elections.
NOTICIAS said that last Saturday delegates travelling to the district
electoral meeting in Moamba in Maputo province were ambushed by bandits. The
soldiers accompanying them beat off the attack, and there were no causalities.
After scouring the bush and its nearby area to ensure that there were no other
bandit groups waiting to attack them, the delegates and their escort continued
the journey.

/12913
cso: 3400/161

19



Percy Qoboza Accuses SABC of Lying
MBO70931 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0916 GMT 7 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 7 Oct (SAPA)--Mr Percy Qoboza, the editor of CITY PRESS,
today refuted claims that he had been threatened to send his children back to
school in the townships. "It is now ever clear that the South African
Government, using the South African Broadcasting Corp., are once again trying
to discredit me and my friends," Mr Qoboza said in a statement today. "In a
television interview, which I did not see, nor any of my family--we do not
watch TV in my family--a certain Mr John Saunders, alleged that radical
students have threatened me for sending my children to overseas schools."

The archbishop of Cape Town, the Most Reverend Desmond Tutu, and the editor
of DRUM magazine, Mr Stan Motjwadi, were also warned to bring their children
back to the townships, according to reports.

"First of all, it is a lie that my children are overseas," Mr Qoboza said.
"None of my children possess a passport. Second, I have never in my life
been threatened by anybody and I do not know what Gogota and his apartheid
masters mean by radical students. Third, is untrue that my daughters--
Simangele, and Ntulikazi, were sent home by Woodmead School." "They came
(home) after it was clear to them, having been told by friends about the
incitement both on myself and my family by the SABC. "I must emphasise that
nobody has recently made any threat against me or my family. That goes for
both Archbishop Tutu, Dr Ntatho Motlana, or Mr Stan Motjwadi. "All the
threats to my life have only come from one source," he said blaming "agents"
of the South African Government.

“Gogota must be naive to think that black students are stupid. The govern-
ment-owned SABC must be stupid to think that they will get rid of me by

using people in this way." No black leaders with any self respect would agree
to be interviewed on the SABC by Suanders, Mr Qoboza said.

"I would like to tell both Mr Gogota and Saunders that I have been in the hit-
list of hate before. I would like to tell them I have survived this because
my community would not allow scoundrels to bring any harm on me. I would
furthermore give the assurance that the same community is waiting for them day
and night to enage in whatever nefarious activity they might like to engage
in. As for the SABC, they should hang their heads in shame."

The chairman of Operation Advance and Upgrade, Mr Gogota, said in the SABC
interview "radical" black pupils insisted political leaders from organisations
such as the United Democratic Front enroll their children in "troubled"
township schools before the end of 1987. Mr Gogota said: "The children who
are not in the struggle~-the children of the leaders of these organisations—-
have been spirited away by these organisations and leaders to some schools,
either in the posh white areas or outside the country."

19599
cso: 3400/143

86


/9317
CSO: 3400/201

However, the report pro-
posed that there were large
tracts of unoccupied land wi-
thin certain of the northern
tribal areas that still awaited
development and that en-
trepreneurs should be en-
couraged to farm these areas
for profit.

The proposed policy will be
rejected almost unanimously
by the member parties of the
Transitional Government.

“If we present this policy to
the people of Namibia, we will
be guilty of virtual high trea-
son; said one incensed
Ministerial source.

“What Mr van Zijl is
proposingis an increased white
“‘baasskap’ on the people of
this country,’ he fumed, ad-
ding that Mr van Zijl was “try-
ing to practice party political
subjugation on a national
level”.

It was pointed out that more
than half of the available farm-

1

40

ing land in Namibia — with an
estimated fixed capital invest-
ment of R2,1 billion — lay in
the hands of just 3800 farmers.

Entrepreneurism in the
communal areas would further
strip Namibians of their birth
rights and place almost 80% of
farmlands in the hands of the

same 3800 farmers, National
Assembly members asserted.

They pointed out that the
draft policy proposed the crea-
tion of a development bank
which would grant loans to
people who wished to develop
the communal areas.

“This report is lo:
ory and short on reality?’ they
said.

Any loans for land purchase
or development capital would
require security, and this would
only qualify established farm-
ers and business for financial
help.


SOUTH AFRICA

HNP CONGRESS RECOGNIZES ENGLISH, AFRIKAANS AS OFFICIAL
MBO31620 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1556 GMT 3 Oct 86

[Text] Pretoria, 3 Oct (SAPA)--The Herstigte Nasionale Party's [HNP] policy
was amended at the start of its annual congress here today to acknowledge the
system of two official languages, Afrikaans and English, in South Africa.

The assertion in the programme of principles that Afrikaans should be the only
official language in South Africa was unanimously amended after an address by
the party leader, Mr Jaap Marais. ~

HNP leaders have made it known in recent weeks that the party's language
policy was to be amended to bring it more in line with that of the
Conservative Party, as part of the process of uniting the political right
wing.

The amended principle, however, lays out the HNP's conviction that Afrikaans
was coming a poor second in the bilingual system, particularly in the
financial and business sectors, which were predominantly English.

The party was in favour of the highest degree of bilingualism in South Africa
and desired the establishment of a statutory body to handle complaints and
take steps where this was not adhered to.

The NHP's view remained that Afrikaans was a powerful factor in uniting whites

in the country, and the party was still in favor of Afrikaans as the eventual
national and official language of the republic.

It was accepted, however, that this could only be brought about by
constitutional means.

19599
cso: 3400/142

81



What has just happened is serious but not surprising, because as far back
as 1984, the Togolese head of state had drawn the attention of the president
of the Republic of Ghana to the subversive activities that a group of Togo-
lese exiles resident in Ghana had planed to commit acts of sabotage in Togo
and operate a coup d'etat with the support of Ghanaian soldiers. In fact,
in the same letter dated 3 July 1984, to be precise, the Togolese president
wrote to his Ghanaian counterpart, and I.quote: According to information
reaching me from reliable sources, Togolese exiles resident.in Ghana with
Guilchrist Olympio and Bolito Olympio at. their-head, intended to launch a
coup attempt in Togo. This operation was to be carried out with the help
of men hand-picked from the Ghanaian Army or Ghanaian war veterans. The
president of the Republic of Togo further went on to draw his Ghanaian coun-
terpart's attention thus: The group also proposes to launch commandos to
sabotage certain vital centres in Togo, namely: The RPT House, where we are
now and the 2 Fevrier Hotel. .And.to successfully carry out this operation,
the head of state informed his counterpart in Ghana in 1984 about the trans-
poration means at the disposal of these exiles.

The letter, a passage of which I have just quoted, it must be recalled, was
written on 3 July 1984, and was-.delivered by myself at. the head of a delega-
tion in Accra to the Ghanaian president the next day, that is on 4 July 1984.
This letter was meant to convince the Ghanaian president ‘to take all the
necessary measures to prevent the implementation of such a criminal plan of
destruction planned by the Olympio brothers. .Unfortunately, nothing was ‘done
in that direction. And on 3 August 1985, exactly 1 year later at 2000, we
experienced the first explosions in Togo.

The bombs exploded at the National Center for ‘Research and Application of
Data Processing, at the National Gendermerie--outside the National Gendarmerie
headquarters--and near the Tokoin police station. The.second wave of explo~-
sions took place and. damaged public buildings...[changes thought] that is to
say, on 17 August the second wave of explosions took place and affected the
RPT headquarters, the 2 Fevrier Hotel, and the SONACOM [National Trading
Company]. Seven days later, on.24 August 1985, the third wave of explosions
was recorded. They were the one that exploded at the National Social Security
Fund building and the one at. Tokoin. International Airport where the bomb

was discovered in time and was removed from the airport installations to an
open space where it later exploded.

The Togolese Gvoernment, confident of the usefulness of the adage which says
prevention is better than cure, had since 1984 taken the necessary diplomatic
measures to safeguard a climate of good-neighborliness and of peace between
Togo and Ghana.

Today, in the face of the new situation created following the criminal assas-
sination attempts and. destabilization of 23 September, 1986 by a group of
people from Ghana, you yourselves.can draw your own ‘conclusions. The facts
are there, quite clear and precise.. The program, established since 1984

and brought ot the attention of President Rawlings the same year, was almost

58


SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

COMMUNITY POLICE STATIONS ENCOURAGED--The minister of law and order, Mr Louis
le Grange, says more and smaller community orientated police stations should
be established in suburbs. Mr Le Grange was speaking at the official opening
of the Yeoville police station in Johannesburg. The police station was
commissioned in July this year. Mr Le Grange said more of these police
stations would be established in the Johannesburg area. The member of
parliament for Yeoville, Mr Harry Schwarz, said it was a police station for
the people because there was such a good understanding between the local
community and the police. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English
0500 GMT 3 Oct 86] /9599

MALAN UNDERSCORES SADF COHESION--Pretoria, 2 Oct (SAPA)--The minister of
defence, Gen Magnus Malan, said in Pretoria tonight that "exercrable negative
elements like the End Conscription Campaign" could not be allowed to dismantle
the will and purposefulness of the Defence Force. He said at the University
of Pretoria's rag fund presentation ceremony that it could not be tolerated
that "these elements" sow division and doubt during one of the most
challenging times in the nation's history. "Don't let them alienate you from
our defense force, your defence force," Gen Malan said. "For let us have no
illusions: weaken our defence force and you dream your dreams in vain." Gen
Malan did not mention any measures to be adopted against conscientious
objection organisations. He told the Tuks students that the youth of other
population groups also had dreams. "Our country is big and wealthy enough to
accommodate everybody's dreams and expectations," he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg SAPA in English 1104 GMT 3 Oct 86] /9599

HNP LEADER SCORES U.S.--Pretoria, 3 Oct (SAPA)--The United States had no right
to dictate to South Africa, as it had done with its sanctions legislation, the
leader of the Herstigte Nasionale Party [HNP], Mr Jaap Marais, said in
Pretoria today. Speaking at the party's annual congress shortly after he had
been unanimously re-elected as leader, he said the United States had
imperialist goals in South Africa, just as Britain had had in the previous
century. Although the HNP did not underestimate the threat from the outside
world, a positive feature of the sanctions was that it was now “out in the
open" that the U.S. was an enemy. "Our enemy is out in the open now...the
lawmakers in the United States are hostile," he said. The dominant
characteristic of politics in South Africa today was the increasing strength
of the conservative front and the weakening of the governing National Party
[NP]. The weakened NP, which had allowed American influence to penetrate
every level in South Africa, was responsible for the republic's present
situation, Mr Marais said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1558 GMT

3 Oct 86] /9599

82


Mentioning the black market, Pateguana said that "The heroic people of this
area must prevent this specter from taking root here, since black marketeering
works hand in hand with armed banditry. I do not want any black marketeering
here. Black marketeers must be treated like armed bandits."

8844
CS033442/5

27



SITUATION IN WAR-TORN COUNTRY DESCRIBED

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 9 Sep 86 p 8

[Text]

The Marxist MPLA gov-
ernment in Angola is
facing its most critical
test for 10 years.

Its army is tied down
in an increasingly
bloody stalemate with
the rebel Unita move-
ment, while the oil rev-
enues which until now
helped pay for regular
Soviet arms supplies
and the presence of
20 000 Cubans have been
halved by depressed
world prices in the past
12 months.

It was against this
gloomy background that
President Dos Santos in-
vited President Reagan
to Luanda for talks.

Bitterly opposed by
the hardline pro-Soviet
faction in the MPLA po-
litburo, Dos  Santos’s
move was no more than
a recognition of the re-
ceding chances of a mili-
tary victory over Unita,
especially since the
American decision to
arm them with Stinger
ground-to-air missiles.

The surprise Angolan
initiative was subse-
quently endorsed by the
leaders of the other
frontline states — Zim-
babwe, Zambia, Tanza-
nia, -Mozambique, and
Botswana — at their
summit meeting in
Luanda.

The war itself has
taken a more. vicious
turn in recent months. A
government offensive
against Unita last year
was turned back outside
the southern objective
of Mavinga, with heavy:
losses inflicted on the
government forces, Fa-
pla, by South African air
force Mirages.

Several hundred mili-
tary vehicles and at
least three MI-24 heli-
copter gunships were
lost. Since then small
Unita commando groups
have been sabotaging;
installations in almost
every province. i

Agriculture has in-
creasingly fallen victim.
In central areas around
Huambo and Bie more
than 300000 peasants

have left the land for the
safety of refugee
centres.

Both Fapla and Unita
troops have been

blamed for using terror
and intimidation to ex-
tort food from villagers,
but the use of anti per-
sonnei landmines to
drive peasants from the
fields is a new and ruth-
less tactic apparently
adopted by Unita.

According to Gerd
Merrem, head of the
United Nations Devel-
opment Programme

ANGOLA

(UNDP) office in

Luanda, between 60 and

70 peasants are injured

by landmines and

brought into Huambo:
every month. “I have
never seen so many am-
putees in my life — most
of them children and old
people,” he says.

The government in
Luanda accuses South
Africa of using Unita to
destabilise Angola mili-
tarily and economically.

The UN estimates that
600000 Angolans are
now malnourished and
at risk.. The Internat-
ional Red Cross has
launched a costly emer-
gency programme to air-
Tift emergency food sup-
plies to the Plano Alto
central plain around
Huambo in a desperate
attempt tp save the lives
of 30 000 children.

In Luanda itself the
toll of the war is visible
in almost every street.
Along the majestic 5 km
seafront whose palm-

fringed curve was com-
pared in the past with
Rio’s Copacabana, bro-
ken sewers flow past
crumbling Portuguese
churches while children
sift through smoking
mounds of rubbish.

Swollen with refugees
from the war, Luanda



slogans and catchwords. They need rice, they need millet, they need peanuts
and they need schools, they need health services and they need jobs. We dream
of a party or opposition that is active and constructive, be it communist,
socialist, populist, libertarian, or what you will...one capable of dealing
effectively with the sequelae of colonialism and neocolonialism, one that can
steer us onto the path to economic and social modernity. Our country has a long
tradition of democracy, Its democracy is irreversible, despite its inevitable
lapses. So let's refrain from destroying it through our own lack of aware-
ness, our own spiritual sloth, our own flawed perception of history. [Article
by Moctar Diop][Excerpt][Dakar LE POLITICLEN in French 1 Aug 86 p 6] 6182/9835

HALF MANGO CROP WASTED--We eat only half the mangoes we grow, even though this
is a succulent fruit Senegalese love. The rest of it--perhaps a bit over half--
winds up in the garbage can. The intricacies of mango marketing in our
country, the slovenly distribution system, plus shipping problems, mean that
all the ready money could be coining from mango sales is slipping through our
fingers, This is a horrendous waste that we can stem if we devote some serious
though to the thousand and one possibilities inherent in turning to industry

to process and promote sales of mangoes on the world market. [Excerpt]

[Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 19-20 Jul 86 p 2] 6182/9835

AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE REORGANIZED--Senegal's Agricultural Research Institute
[ISRA] will undergo reorganization shortly to make it a more effective support
body for the New Agricultural Policy. That decision emerged from a joint
meeting Monday at Mbour that brought together researchers, decision-makers,
and funding sources. It came after release of the findings of an earlier
study conducted by World Bank experts. ISRA, now part of the Rural Development
Ministry, is ordered to put more emphasis on liaison between research and
development. Its research endeavors will benefit by streamlined management
and more efficient procedures, including a 100-man reduction of staff.
[Excerpt][Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 8 Aug 86 pp 1, 4, 5] 6182/9835

cso; 3419/293

42


frontline states, SADCC, met during the past week to give support to the
meeting of the nonallied movement which begins tomorrow, Monday, in Harare,
Zimbabwe.

A number of heads of state are coming to Harare for the meeting of the
nonallied movement, which holds its summit every third year.

The organization was founded in 1961, and the majority of the members are
developing countries, but Yugoslavia, for example, is also a member.

Sweden is not a member, but is an invited guest. Foreign Minister Sten
Andersson is going directly to Harare from an official visit to Botswana, and
intends to have conversations with key people at the meeting primarily about
pushing through a UN resolutions about binding sanctions against South Africa.

As a result of the Copenhagen meeting of Nordic foreign and foreign aid
ministers a couple of weeks ago the Foreign Ministry has appointed two
interparliamentary working groups. One will investigate the effects on
Swedish business of sanctions against South Africa. The other working group,
led by Foreign Ministry Under Secretary for Foreign Aid Bengt Save-Soderbergh,
will investigate the effects of sanctions on southern Africa.

“Sweden will ensure higher and quicker readiness to make immediate
contributions to the liberation movements in southern Africa," said Bengt
Save-Soderbergh to DAGENS NYHETER on Saturday just before he went to Harare
to participate in the meeting of the nonaligned movement.

When large projects are desired, several states will contribute--Sweden has
joint projects with Canada and Holland among others, but also has its own
direct contributions.

9287
CSO: 3650/2


- without specific illustra-
tions - as ‘venomous pro-
paganda attacks’. Another
misrepresentation of the facts

was the claim that she had ex-
ploited disunity in SWANU
ranks, thereby casting
Minister Katjioungua in a
poor light. The split in his
party happened, she said, and
her job as a journalist was to
report on it as fairly and ac-
curately as she could. Ms
Lister said it was true she had
described him as a weak
leader without particular
popular support, but her en-
quiries as a journalist in this
country’s affairs had led her
to this conclusion.

Another factual error was
the contention that she was a
recognised campaigner for
SWAPO, or that she had ever
quoted ‘that true in-
dependence for. Namibia
means for me a SWAPO
government.”

The Directorate had even
suggested that both as a jour-
nalist on the Windhoek
Observer and as a correspon-
dent for the BBC she had
repeatedly made this state-
ment, which was an untruth,
said Ms Lister.

On the subject of indirect
financial help, the editor said
the Council of Churches of
Namibia had never provided
her with help in any direct, or
indirect, financial material
sense. To substantiate this,
an affidavit had been filed by
Dr Shejavali, General
Secretary of the CCN. It was
contemptible, she said, that
civil servants should present
material of this nature as a
basis for such a serious deci-
sion by the Cabinet.

In her affidavit, Ms Lister
said she did not know to

/9317
CSO: 3400/201

which ‘aanduildings’ the
Directorate referred to in its
memorandum. She pointed
out that there was not even a
suggestion of factual support
to be found for this, in either
the reports by the Security
Branch or the Directorate for
Security Management. The
Cabinet, Ms Lister pointed
out, had, notwithstanding
the filing of some 350 pages
of evidence, strikingly omit-
ted to file any evidence in
support of this allegation. or
others, to be found in the
submission by the Direc-
torate. These allegations, she
said, were nothing more
substantial’ than unspecific
gossip, deemed suitable to be.
placed before the Cabinet by
the Directorate.

And yet another factual er-;

ror was the suggestion that
‘presumably’ the Otto
Bennekke-Foundation in
West Germany. had -offered,
or was giving, any financial

support to The Namibian.
Had this presumption been
checked, it would have been
dispelled.

The suggestion that the

government had any right to
protect local media from
financial losses consequent
upon the appearance of The
Namibian was no less than
grotesque, said Ms Lister in
her affidavit.
She submitted, too, that fur-
ther considerations like con-
cern for the international im-
age of SWAPO, destructive
criticism of the government,
endangering its ‘legitimacy’
were absurd and irrelevant.

The Cabinet had found it
appropriate, she continued,
to go beyond the terms of the
memorandum and also take
into account the requiring of
a deposit (if not the max-

36

imum) then in such an
amount as to ‘om die wind uit
Lister se seile to neem’. This
showed a gross lack of good
faith by the respondent, she
declared, and the civil ser-
vants upon which it relied .

She reiterated her state-
ment that one such con-
sideration in determining the
amount of the deposit was an
amount sufficient to take the
wind out of her sails. This
constituted a crude
acknowledegment that the
amount was determined
without any other regard
than to make it as difficult as
possible for The Namibian to
be established, prompted fur-
ther by personal vindic-
tiveness towards her.

She did not know on what
basis, continued Ms Lister in
her affidavit, the deponent
was able to deny that the
amount of R20 000 was not
an excessively high figure.

A report by Colonel
Eimbeck had suggested that
the amount was, in actual
fact, discounted down from
the maximum of R40 000, yet
with a determination to set it
at an amount which would
constitute a real threat to the
viability and survival of The
Namibian.

Both she and. The Nami-
bian said. Ms Lister, had a
right and a duty in law and in
the pursuit of justice, to.
criticise government action in
any respects they felt
justified, fair and within the
law. She had never advocated
or supported ‘the armed
struggle’-and she categorical-
ly denied suggestions that the
publication of The Namibian
would be calculated to fur-
ther the objectives of com-
munism.


SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK EMPLOYMENT IN GOLD MINES LEVELLING OFF
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 28 Sep 86 p 3
{Article by Dave Edwards]

[Text]

BLACK employment in
igold mining is.levelling

s This emerges from the lat-
est Chamber of Mines’ statis-

tics.

‘The gold mines employed
more than 450000 black
workers in 1985. — an in-
crease of only 8,6% in five

years.

Growth in black employ-
ment is much lower than be-
tween 1976 and 1980 when it
jumped from 342 500 to
415537 — an increase of
21,3%.

Prospects for increases in
black employment in the in-
dustry are clouded by uncer-
tainty as management grap.

ples with
productivity and trade-union
demands for higher wages.
The trend to mechanisa-
tion.on some mines could be
the forerunner of a concerted
effort to reduce dependence
on an increasingly militant
work force.
But the chamber’s direc-

19274
cSO:

3400/130

All figures in thousands

SA Leso Bots ‘Swazi Moz Malawi Zim Others: Total

256 98 18 12 50. «17 o Oo: 461

233 96 18 8 40 4 6 1 416
tor-general, Horst Wagner, crease is largely the result of land, Mozambique and

says: “Environmental condi-
tions in deep-level mines are
a major factor in preventing
the introduction of mechan-
ised methods in mining.”

Like it or not, therefore,
the black miner is destined to
remain the muscular back-
bone of the industry for many
years to come.

‘The comparative figures
between 1980 and 1985 are
listed in the table, Transkei,

uthatswana, Venda and

Ciskei grouped together with
South ‘Africa.

‘Although the large SA in-

END

116

the employment of more men
from Transkei, the gold
mines still employ compara-
tively large numbers from
‘African states, particularly
Lesotho and wi,

Wage bill

Migrant blacks constituted
44% of the work force in 1985
— the same as in 1980. It is
evident therefore that re-
cruitment in neighbouring
states is keeping pace with
demand.

Employment levels of
blacks from Lesotho, Swazi-

Malawi increased in the five
years. Botswana's worker
contribution was
and Zimbabwe has to
be a source of labour.

‘The large-scale fall in re-
cruitment from African
states in the late 1970s has
not carried through into the
1980s.

The estimated wage bill
for the gold-mine labour
force is R3,5-billion — a hu;
‘sum of money which contril
utes to the support of fam-
ilies throughout Southern
Africa.



LIBERIA

ECOM RELEASES TIMETABLE FOR ELECTIONS
ABO21738 Dakar PANA in English 1655 GMT 2 Oct 86

[Text] Monrovia, 2 October (LINA/PANA)--Liberia's Election Commission (ECOM) ,
has released the "timetable" for the impending “legislative by-election and
general municipal election as well as the general chieftancy election."

According to the timetable, general municipal and legislative by-elections will
be conducted on 20 October while the general chieftancy election would be held
on 28 March (21987),

ECOM chairman, Isac Randolph, who disclosed this during a press conference said
15 October was the deadline for the application of all independent candidates,
and 30 October for submission of "pre-qualification requirements!"

He further disclosed that 10 November would be the deadline for submission of
political parties' candidates and the announcement of names of all qualified
candidates to be followed by the opening of campaigns.

According to Mr Randolph, 1 October 1986, had been set for the submission of
application of independent candidates for the general chieftancy elections,
while 15 January 1987, would be the deadline for application through "ECOM's
magistrate office of independent candidates."

He said the deadline for the submission of pre-qualification requirements to
ECOM would be 15 February while 25 February would be the deadline for the sub-
mission of political parties candidates, announcement of names of qualified
candidates and the opening of campaign for the general chieftancy elections.

Mr Randolph revealed that his commission was currently making series of "re-
cordings" on cassettes and video tapes for "voters education and awareness pro-
gramme" to be released shortly through the radio and television networks in
the country.

/12232
cso: 3400/129

15



LESOTHO

NEW CONSTITUTION TO BE FORMULATED AT GRASSROOTS LEVEL
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Sep 86 p 12
[Article by Gerald L' Ange]

[Text]

Lesotho’s military rulers are promising to re-
turn the country to civilian government in
a way that must be unique in Africa, if not the
world.

They are offering the people ‘a chance to
devise their own constitution, choosing their
own political system and form of govern-
ment.

Spokesmen for the military government say
it has rejected the more conventional course o;
calling in foreign experts and convening a con-
stitutional conference to devise a system of

government that could then be put to the peo--

ple in a referendum, .

Instead, it wants the people themselves to
formulate a new constitution at grassroots
level, passing ideas up through an interim
system of local councils.

Senior members of the military govern-
ment envisage the people deciding all the
major elements of the constitution, including
safeguards against the government being hi-
jacked by power groups.

“We are anxious to get a system of govern-
ment that the people really want, not one
imposed from the top,” said a spokesman for
the Office of the Military Council.

The prospect might be a refreshing one
for a nation that since independence has never
been given a chance to elect its own govern-
ment, let alone choose a political system.

At independence in 1966 the Labour Gov-
ernment in Britain refused to allow new elec-
tions and insisted on Chief Leabua Jonathan's
Basotho National Party, which had narrowly
won the 1965 election, staying in power until
the next general election in 1970.

10

But when it became apparent that his party
was. losing the 1970 election, Jonathan seized
power and suspended the constitution that had
been devised in London. In 1973 he imposed a
new constitution of sorts, drawn up by his own
BNP. Last year the party was declared winner
by default in‘a farcical election boycotted by
the opposition parties.

A few months later Jonathan was ousted
by the military. They installed a supreme
Military Council and empowered King Mo-
‘shoeshoe IT to set up a Council of Ministers,
made up mostly of civilians, to run the gov-
ernment.

Jonathan's constitution was scrapped and
the nearest thing Lesotho at present has to a
constitution is the first order issued by the
Military Council, authorising the formation
of the Council of Ministers, renewing all ex-
isting laws (except the Jonathan constitution)
and giving itself overriding powers.

Secure reconciliation
————

Party political activity was outlawed, the
military government claiming the country
needed a chance to reconcile the differences
that had rent it since independence. The army
leaders promised to hand the government
back to the civilians as soon as the reconcilia-
tion was judged secure enough.

Eight months later the military have given
no date for a return to the barracks. When
pressed to do so in interviews, official spokes-
men have suggested periods ranging up to sev-
eral years, but it seems clear no date has even
tentatively been set.


BLACKS

Black Leaders’ Children Reportedly Warned To Return to School
(SAPA, various dateS) .seseeececcececcesceccecoccceceeccers

Warning Issued by Radical Black Pupils
NECC Condemns Threat
Percy Qoboza Accuses SABC of Lying

UDF Leader Responds to Information Bureau Allegations
(SAPA, 1 Oct 86) .rccccccccccveccceccccnscecceseecsevescens

ANC Official Praises Sanctions, Urges More
(Thabo Mbeki; Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to
South Africa, 4 Oct 86) ...

Statistics Reveal Widening Gap Between Soweto's Rich, Poor
(Samkelo Kumalo; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Sep 86) ..

Blacks Face Alcoholism Crisis
(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 1 Oct 86) ..

CSIR Gives Housing Statistics
(Sol Morathi; CITY PRESS, 28 Sep 86) ..sevseeceececreceecee

Briefs
Tutu Pleads for Negotiations
Buthelezi Seeks Unity
Buthelezi on Power Sharing Goals
Black Nurses Threatened
Buthelezi on .'Consumer Power'

SOCLOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Boesak Comments on Override of Reagan's Veto
(SAPA, 3 Oct 86) .cccccccuvccccccecvccceccccccccccccccceens

Naude Urges Active Church Role in National Affairs
(SAPA, 4 Oct 86) ccccecesccccccrccccvccesccecccccsceceseees

Ameen Akhalwaya Addresses Open Letter to New Envoy to EC
(Ameen Akhalwaya; POST NATAL, 24-27 Sep 86) ..eeeeeeeeeeees

Researcher Explains Nature of Popular Support for PFP, NP
(THE STAR, 2 Oct 86) wecccceecevccccccccceccerccceececesees

Study Claims Influx Control Linked to Population Growth
(SAPA, 7 Oct 86) ceccccseececcreeccececsccecoues

Survey Points Out Wage Gains in Union Negotiations
(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 1 Oct 86) ..

84

84
85
86

87

88

90

91

92

93

93

94

94

95

97

99

101



SURVEY POINTS OUT WAGE GAINS IN UNION NEGOTIATIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Oct 86 p 17

{Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text]

‘Trade unions have bolstered their members’ pay
packets by an average 15 percent so far this year
and’some unions have won increases as high as
26 percent. says a new survey of wage negotia-
tions by a labour relations consultancy.

Andrew Levy and Associates this week re-
leased their pilot survey of wage settlements
gained through collective bargaining with
unions.

Among other things, the results of the survey
indicate that, where unions negotiate wages,
wage rates tend to differ considerably from pre-
dicted market rates or rates tagged to specific
job categories. More companies are negotiating
wages with-unions, with at least 600 already in-
volved in the collective bargaining process.

Research by other organisations. showed that
the average black wage rate rose by 11,3 percent
in the -period 1985/86. The Levy survey, which
concentrated on 88 bargaining units in 60 union-
ised companies across a broad spectrum of in-
dustries, showed that, in all cases, unions made a
considerable difference to wage settlements
which were generally higher than 11,3 percent.

But unions were unable to compensate their
members fully for the inflation rate.

The Levy survey found that the Commercial,
Catering and Allied Workers Union of SA
(Ccawusa) achieved the highest average wage in-
crease in the first half of 1986 (19,85 percent)
followed by the Chemical Workers Industrial
Union (19.5 percent) and the Food and Allied
Workers Union (17 percent).

WIDE DISCREPANCIES

The survey also gives a breakdown of settle-
ments by region and industry and compares
union wage claims with final settlements.

“One ‘of the most notable features of bargain-
ing with the new unions has been the extreme-
ness of their opening position,” says Mr Levy.

“Wage claims of up to 100 percent have not
been unknown and there is usually a wide dis-
crepancy between claims and settlements.

106

SOUTH AFRICA


diversified industry and agro-industry on an export basis. Copper will no
longer be Zanbia's driving force for growth. Yet, new technologies are needed
to slow down the decline of copper mining expected in the early 1990's because
of increasing lack of productivity of the deposits. The state enterprises,
which yield two thirds of the net product in the economy, are not to be
privatized, but exposed more heavily to competition. ‘Their subsidies were
canceled. In the IIF's opinion, Zambia will also still be predominantly
dependent on concessionary development aid in the coming years; all the more
so as the debt service will steeply rise from 1989 to 1991 due to running out
of free years within the framework of the rescheduling. No more foreign risk
capital has been invested in Zambia since 1982.

13084
CSO: 3420/62

65



MOZAMBIQUE

INADEQUACIES OF BEIRA CORRIDOR, HARBOR FACILITIES REVIEWED
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 13 Sep 86 p 6

[Article by Robert von Lucius, Mutare, 12 Sep 86: "Indian Troops in Southern
Africa?-~The 'Beira Corridor' as a Magic Word and Nightmare--Zimbabwe's Access
to the Sea / Dependence on Pretoria / Revolts"]

[Text] The "Beira Corridor" has in past weeks appeared almost like a magic
formula to many politicians and businessmen in Zimbabwe who are trying to free
themselves from dependence on South Africa. But to others it seems like a
nightmare. A high school student near the southern African country's border
with Mozambique tells of considerable discontent among his fellow students. He
said that many of his friends and acquaintances are Zimbabwean soldiers
stationed in the neighboring people's republic to protect the transport route
from Mutare to the port of Beira on the Indian Ocean; and not a few of them
have been wounded or killed there. How many is kept a secret. There have
obviously always been fights or accidents when a helicopter coming from the
direction of the border lands at the hospital in the Zimbabwean border town of
Mutare, the former Umtali. Only shortly after this is reported by a local
inhabitant, a helicopter lands again at this town which is surrounded by
mountains.

The route via Beira has become financially as well as politically more
interesting because Pretoria has intensified the border checks of goods to
Zimbabwe and Zambia, which go through Zimbabwe, as a reaction to Zimbabwe's
call for sanctions against Pretoria, and demanded additional fees or security
deposits. Moreover, South African railway fees were increased. The
corridor's importance is growing with the crisis in South Africa. The
landlocked country of Zambia must send almost 90 percent of its exports via
the unloved neighbor in the south. Pretoria takes advantage of the dependence
--as it also does of Zambia's, Malawi's and Botswana's--and tries to promote
it further by destroying other transport routes or having them destroyed: in
east African Mozambique by the Renamo rebels who are fighting against the
Marxist government in Maputo under Samora Machel. Many claim that Machel, who
still fully controls only large towns like Beira and the capital, Maputo, as
well as a few stretches of land, would have few chances of survival without
Zimbabwean arms and military aid. But Zimbabwe's Prime Minister Mugabe has a
debt of gratitude to pay Machel. The latter granted him logistics and aid
during the many years of civil war which ended with the independence of former

20


/9317

But the most startling
evidence of the exist-
ence of an Angolan up-
per crust is a glittering
complex of seaside vil-
las and reception halls
at Fetungo de Belas, just
outside Luanda, where
President Jose Eduardo
dos Santos lives.

The presidential pa-
lace includes an opulent
banqueting hall giving
onto a terrace and swim-
ming pool, and is the ve-
nue for lavish state re-
ceptions at which huge:
amounts of shrimps, ba-

calhau (Portuguese
dried codfish) and other
delicacies are served —
almost all imported
from Europe.

Journalists invited to
one such reception in
honour of a Southern
African summit confer-
ence watched in awe as
leaders from nine coun-
tries dined at a table
laid with a golden cloth
at one end of the gleam-
ing marble hall.

As Dos Santos read a
speech that was inaudi-
ble due to faulty micro-
phones, the journalists
and about 1000 other
guests pounced on the!
enormous buffet whichi

was washed down with

Portuguese vinho verde
(white wine).

cso: 3400/190

Diplomats. said the
banqueting hall was
built by a Yugoslav com-
pany last year, and that
the complex was for-
merly a Portuguese
beach resort which was
taken over at indepen-
dence by the late Presi-
dent Agostinho Neto.

Angola can __ afford
such luxuries because it
is one of Africa’s biggest
oil producers, with an
output of 280 000 barrels
a day at present.

However; income from,
oil is expected to drop:

by about half this year
due to the sharp fall in
the world price, and this
may curb some of the
high living which the
privileged minority has
enjoyed for the last few
years.

The government an-
nounced wide-ranging
spending cuts in March,’
blaming them on “a glo-
bal strategy of imperial-
ism to suffocate the
economies of progres-!
sive countries producing |
oil”. :

But Western diplo-
mats said neither the’
war effort nor the life-
style of the elite seemed
to have been affected.

The diplomats said
that despite the exist-
ence of a privileged
class, Dos Santos, a}

Soviet-trained _petro- |
leum engineer, was a!
pragmatic and appar-}
ently honest leader who |
was trying to do his best
for his country under ex- |
tremely difficult cireum-
stances. -

The government is al-
most totally preoccu-
pied with the war
against US and South
Africa-backed Unita re-
bels who control much
of the south of the coun-
try, and this accounts
partly for the ‘lack of
civic pride that is so ob-
vious as one walks
around the filthy streets
of Luanda, they added.

But not all Angolan
cities. are as dirty as the
capital. Journalists
taken on a one-day trip
to the southern city of
Lubango (formerly Sa da
Bandeira) were sur-
prised to come across a |
clean, attractive town:
with well-tended old
Portuguese _ buildings
and a beautifully mani-
cured rose garden.

“Nobody is quite sure
why Luanda is in such a
mess when other An-
golan ¢ities are actually
rather pleasant,” mused
a_ Western diplomat.
“They got rid of the com-
missar (mayor) a few
months ago but it
doesn’t seem to have
made much difference.”
—Sapa-RNS



lucky in situations of that kind, which end up discrediting the rebels, and
that, in fact, is what is happening now.

The game is also not working as far as Lisbon governments are concerned, since
it has been more than proven that they always lack the courage to subordinate
flimsy and controversial political and economic interests to the defense of
the interests of Portuguese humiliated and affronted by Marxist regimes.
Still not forgotten is the shameful scene in which Samora Machel handed a
number of Portuguese over to Ramalho Eanes while insulting them publicly.

That being the case, Renamo should have realized long ago that it gains
nothing by taking hostages, and especially Portuguese hostages. In the case
of those kidnaped in Luabo, 13 months have provided more than enough time in
which to deliver the hostages to some point next to a neighboring frontier and
then to disclaim all responsibility after that.

It is Chairman Afonso Dhlakama's responsibility to solve this problem at once
and to decide to prevent the same thing from happening again in the future.
Explanations on the subject--whether from Renamo or the Portuguese
Government—-have now become completely worthless. Explanations are of no use
now until those kidnaped have been released and an investigating committee has
had time to ascertain the whole truth.

As for FRELIMO, its role in this case has also been clearly explained by its
own conduct: "the worse the better"--that is what FRELIMO wants, and that is
what FRELIMO is getting.

11798
CSO: 3442/1

25



white monopoly, The country needed a broad South Africanism which was in-
tolerant of power monopolies, It needed more KwaZulu/Natal-type indabas
where black, white, Indian and coloured could reach out for each other and
aim at consensus. "On the one hand, South Africans of all races, coloureds
and creeds needed to reach out for a broader South Africanism which recon-
ciles us, one to the other," the KwaZulu chief minister and Inkatha presi-
dent said. "On the other hand, political parties need to put a broad South
Africanism first and need to employ humanity rather than party loyalty in the
search for the reconciling politics of negotiation." [Text] [Johannesburg
SAPA in English 1651 GMT 4 Oct 86 MB] /9274

BLACK NURSES THUREATENED-~Port Elizabeth, 4 Oct (SAPA)--About 5410 black
nurses in the Eastern Cape are allegedly being threatened with death unless
they pay R50 a month to the United Democratic Front [UDF], according to South
African Nurses Association [SANA] sources, Police confirmed knowledge of the
threat, According to the SANA sources the threats are being made to black
nurses throughout the country, Numerous complaints of intimidation, necklace
threats, and harassment were made by nurses to the association. Nurses said
a busload of comrades recently confronted them at the Livingstone Mospital
and informed them of the donation they were expected to make. Comrades have
also gone to the homes of nurses in the township, ‘The money is allegedly
collected by street committees in the townships, Major Eddie Everson, SAPA
liaison officer for the Eastern Cape, said the police [are] aware of the situ~
ation and numerous anonymous phone calls had been received in connection with
the ww [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1205 GMT 4 Oct 86
MB] =/9274

BUTHELEZI ON ‘CONSUMER POWER'--Enselenni, 5 Oct (SAPA)-~-Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi today warned the state president, Mr P, W, Botha, that there could
be no black-white negotiations unless he accepted that South Africa was one
country, with one people and one parliament. Ue told a King Shaka anniver-
sary rally in Eseleni that unless blacks developed their consumer power into
a potent force they would continue to be discriminated against politically,
socially and economically, Chief Buthelezi recalled that Zulu resistance had
already changed the course of the country's politics, Had KwaZulu accepted
independence, there would already have been a confederation of southern
African states in which blacks had forsaken their birthright as South
Africans, Zulus were one with all other blacks in their demand for an open
democracy and walked tall in the knowledge of the role they were playing in
the struggle, While they were proud of their Zulu heritage, their message
was that of King Shaka and his successors--namely that there must be unity.
“We see no separate Zulu destiny for ourselves, but one destiny with all
other blacks and all other race groups of South Africa," Chief Buthelezi
said, He repeated his assurance that he would not enter Mr Botha's proposed
national council unless it aimed at full power sharing and unless Nelson
Mandela and all other political prisoners were released. [Text] [Johannes-
burg SAPA in English 0958 GMT 5 Oct 86 MB] /9274

csO: 3400/141

94


SOUTH AFRICA

UDF LEADER RESPONDS TO INFORMATION BUREAU ALLEGATIONS
MBO11130 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1105 GMT 1 Oct 86

[Text] Durban, 1 Oct (SAPA)-~The government and its bureau for information
were clearly running out of ways to justify the continued imposition of the
state of emergency, the United Democratic Front [UDF] co-president, Mr
Archie Gumede, said today.

He was responding to allegations against the UDF made by the deputy director
of the bureau's research division, Mr David Venter, at a media briefing in
Durban yesterday,

Mr Venter said the emergency had been declared just in time to prevent the
UDF--which he claimed was a legal front for the banned African National
Congress~-from carrying out stayaways, student and worker unrest, flag-
burning ceremonies and tributes to the ANC and South African Communist Party
from 16 to 26 June.

Mr Gumede said the "malicious" claim that the UDF was a legal front for the
ANC was something that had not stood up in court.

On Mr Venters claims that there were to have been a spate of bombings and a
march on the union buildings in Pretoria, Mr Gumede said these were "figments
of the bureau's collective imagination."

“If there had been a well-organised conspiracy, surely we would have expected
there to be prosecutions against those supposedly involved."

On the claim the ANC was trying to get the churches more in volved in politi-
cal activism, Mr Gumede said: "Does he (Mr Venter) really think Tutu, Boesak
and others can possibly be drawn into a bitter feud merely in order to please
the ANC?

“The bureau has apparently run out of excuses for the government's interfer-
ence-~through the state of emergency-~in extra-~parliamentary activities, The
sooner the emergency is lifted, the better,”

Mr Gumede asked whether the government really believed South Africans were
unintelligent enough to believe the bureau's "unfounded allegations."

Mr Gumede shares the UDF national presidency with Mrs Albertina Sisulu.

19274
CSO: 3400/141 87



ANGOLA

NEW TRAINING CENTER FOR NAMIBIANS IN KWANZA SUL DESCRIBED

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Sep 86 p 6

[Text]

LUANDA.
AUGUST 26 this year saw the first
graduation ceremony of trainees at the
United Nations Vocational Training Centre
for Namibia at Cuacra-Sume, provincial
capital of Kwanza Sul in Angola.

The ceremony witnessed the graduation
of 83 Namibian trainees.

The trainees graduated in automotive
and diesel engine mechanics, bricklaying
and concrete work, carpentry and ‘joinery,
electrical installations and repairs and
plumbing and pipe fitting.

The UNVTCN students represent the
first. sequence of students from the first
formal vocational training centre in the
history of the Namibian people, Their
graduation coincided with the 20th anniver-
sary of the launching of the armed libera-
tion struggle. waged by Swapo, and the 10th
anniversary of the establishment of the
United Nations Institute’ for. Namibia in
Lusaka. .

The UNVTCN wag completed’ in 1983
gad, formal training commenced in January
1984,

‘The purpose of the centre is to enable
Namibians under the aegis of the UN
Council for Namibia, to develop and acquire
the necessary skills required to provide the
country upon independence with 2 pool of
skilled workers and offer support to ihe
struggle for freedom,

The centre ia so organised that it can
be moved to Namibia upon the termination
of the illegal occupation of the territory by
racist South Africa ang handed to the gov-
ernment of an independent state of Nami-
bia.

‘The centre mainly eaters for primary
school-leavers and has 2 capacity of about
200 trainees. Apart from training in crafts,
tt also gives training in Dnglish, mathe-
matics and general science.

/9317
cso: 3400/190

The training programme at the centre
ig geared to international standard qualifi-
cations and parts of the training material
are prepared by the International Labour
Organisation.

"The centre is administered by 2 govern-
ing board consisting of representatives ap-
pointed by the United Nations Council for
Namibia, United Nations Commissioner for
Namibia, United Nations Development Pro-
gramme, the government of Angola, OAU,
and Swapo.

For an interim period, until the centre
becomes self-sufficient, in terms of Nami-
pian personnel, ILO provides internationally
recruited personne! such as the vocational
training adviser, an expert in building and
construction, four United Nations volunteer
instructors, and two volunteers to teach
English, mathematics and general scicnce.
There are three Zambian instructors, two
‘Vanzanians, one Burmese and the voca-
tional training adviser is from Uganda.

In 1984 the board opted for regionally
recruited experts in preference to con-
ventional UN experts. This decision is con-
sidered a landmark in the history of the
centre, according to the centre director, Mr
Ita_Ankama.

It is unique in the sense that it was
cregted to train cadres to serve a country
not yet independent. Furthermore the
graduates themselves had to construct it
before enrolling as trainees.

Apart from the achievements by the
centre, problems still remain in the housing
of the stazf and conditions in the students’
hostel are overcrowded. There is a lack cf
proper library facilities, and there are
difficulties in obtaining a constant flow or |
supplies of all kinds.

In spite of these problems and difficul-
ties, the achievements of the centre are
immense, and have been recognised in the
report of an evaluation mission which visit-
ed the-centre this year. — Ziana-Pana.



SOUTH AFRICA:

BRIEFS

TUTU PLEADS FOR NEGOTIATIONS--Cape Town, 3 Oct (SAPA)--Unban the ANC and
other political organisations, release political prisoners, allow exiles to
come home and then "sit down and talk and talk, please talk," Archbishop
Desmond Tutu urged 1,200 University of Stellenbosch students today. "I have
no doubt, and I don't know about you, that black people are going to be
free,..we invite you, we want you because, friends, you must have discovered
by now that it is true; freedom is indivisible," he said. South Africa was
“too precious" for people who could make a "tremendous contribution" to be
locked up for 20 years or to be in exile, "This country is too precious for
scared little people who try to tell you what your compatriots want to tell
you. Black people want you, we want you, we want to be free together. And
we say lift the state of emergency, it solved nothing. Unban the ANC and
other political organisations, Release the political prisoners and allow
exiles to come home. And then sit down and talk and talk, please talk," he
said in his lunchtime speech. He received a standing ovation from about a
third of the students at the end of the meeting. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA
in English 2104 GMT 2 Oct 86 MB] /9274

BUTHELEZI SEEKS UNITY-~Johannesburg, 3 Oct (SAPA)--The chief minister of
KwaZulu, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, said the supporters of sanctions against
South Africa considered them as part of the "package deal of violence," ac~
cording to SABC news. Speaking at Ulundi he appealed to the democratic
forces both inside and outside South Africa to stand united and slow their
opposition to violence, The chief secretary of the United Workers Union
(UWUSA) , Mr Simon Conco, said his trade union was disappointed at the American
imposition of sanctions against South Africa. UWUSA said the entire sanctions
issue in the United States had nothing to do with South African politics, but
rather with their own domestic policies, [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 2138 GMT 3 Oct 86 MB] /9274

BUTHELEZI ON POWER SHARING GOALS--Empangeni, 4 Oct (SAPA)--Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi tonight appealed to all races to put humanity before party political
toyalty in pursuit of reconciliation and negotiation. "We have to move towards
power-sharing, not power-winning," he told a banquet organised here by the Zulu-
land mental health society to raise funds for the "Do I care enough" (DICE)
project. White power monopoly was the root cause of the upwars spiralling of vio-
lence. This violence would be perpetuated by any group which sought to replace the

93



Dr Naude appealed to the synod not to break bonds finally with any other
church or to refuse to speak to any other church. He said world groupings and
political parties could reach such points of total rejection and churches
could differ from one another and even refuse to discuss particular issues.
"But no church can on principle refuse to speak to another who shares in the
body of Christ. Then it is denying the reconciling death of Christ." The
SACC listened carefully to the voices of its members and wanted all churches
to join it, not because it was a “superchurch" but because it sought a common
witness of Christians, not to agree with one another but despite disagree-
ments.

If the NG Sendingskerk were to welcome discussions with others, there would be
a great struggle because of differing backgrounds and viewpoints, but unity in
Christ did not come cheaply. "If from within the white NGK certain members
and congregations would say that for as long as the NGK was unable to free
itself from the grip of anxiety, fear, and bonds, to a long tradition, would
they be welcome in the Sendingskerk?" "If you say yes, then there will be a
struggle. We will have to experience that to find one another again because
we have lost each other. The responsibility for this loss is not the
government, or political parties. The church bears the greatest responsi-
bility and until we confess that, it will be impossible to erect a new church
and society."

The SACC was aware of the fact that difficult times lay ahead for it.
Conservative groups were asking for its funds to be cut off from overseas
because of its pro-sanctions viewpoint. "But what will be achieved by this?"
Dr Naude asked. "Fundamental causes are?"

In this the churches of South Africa had a calling to make their contribution
to seek a point where, in unity, they could set up an alternative political,
economical, and social reality for the country. "Not because we have the

“answer, or believe that we are right, but because we are concerned for every
individual, black, white, and coloured in South Africa."

/9599
CsO: 3400/144

98


SOUTH AFRICA

DEMOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE WARNS OF POVERTY, FAMINE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

-Poverty. and famine would be
widespread in South Africa un-
less there was extensive moder-
nisation in black national states,
said a report compiled by the
Institute for Sociological and
Demographic Research released
in Pretoria.
« Industry-based metropolitan
complexes in or near the nation-
‘al states would benefit not only
“the urban population, but would
.also promote the socio-econom-
ic advancement of the neigh-
bouring rural population, the re-
port stated.

The average number of chil-

dren for each white woman in
South Africa was two. The cor-
responding number: for Indians
and coloured people was three
and for black women’ in the na-
tional states between six and
seven.

Declining mortality rates and
the absence of family planning
have been cited as reasons for
rapid black population growth.

In 1980, population density in
the national states was 67 per-
sons per square kilometre com-
pared to approximately 16 per
square kilometre in the rest of
South Africa.

Were the migrant labour sys-

tem to be maintained, popula-
tion density in the 10 national
states collectively might rise re-
spectively to 140 per square
kilometre by the year 2000 and
360 by 2 030.

Research by demographers
indicated that the low-level of
black urbanisation had contri-
buted significantly to population
growth.

The majority of black people,
women and children in particu-
lar, lived in traditionally orient-
ed rural or urban environments
isolated from the industrialised
population.

Consequently, technological
revolution had had hardly any
effect on the lifestyle of a large
percentage of black South Afri-
cans.

Pragmatic economic mea-
sures applied now would suc-
ceed in bringing about a ratio-
nal population distribution. Such
measures would have the addi-
tional advantage of curbing pop-
ulation growth, said the report.

19274

cso: 3400/145

114


UGANDA

MUSLIM ASSOCIATION SEMINAR HELD IN JINJA
Kampala FOCUS in English 23 Sep 86 pp 3, 6

[Text] 15 People are converted to Islam at their own will every week in
Jinja,

This was revealed by the Deputy District Kadhi Jinja Sheikh Juma Katega at
the closing ceremony of three day seminar organised by Masjid Noor Muslim
Association which took place at Masjid Noor Mosque in Jinja Town,

Sheikh Katega its organiser said the aim in organising this seminar was to
“pring together muslims from all corners of Uganda so that they exchange
views and ideas and learn from each other experiences of Islamic nature, He
stressed the need for unity among Muslims and respect for one another,

The seminar attracted 190 participants including 40 women from Kampala,
Musaka, Mbarara, Kayunga and Mbale,

One of the seminar organisers Mr Abdalla Ibanda expressed gratitude to all
those who contributed to the success of the seminar most especially traders
in Jinja and Muslim Youths, Mr Ibanda said that they had resolved during the
seminar to organise visits to various mosques with the aim of strengthening
unity among muslims and to continue spreading the word of Allah. He appealed
to Muslims to meet in Mosques, exchange and learn new ideas on how to fight
backwardness which he attributed to lack of coordination.

He urged able Muslims to initiate and invest in viable projects geared at
uplifting the standard of their lot, and to strictly adhere to God's command-
ments,

Addressing participants at the closing ceremony, Seikh Kamoga from UMSC head-
quarters called for unity and strengthing of Muslim brotherhood. He appealed
to Muslims to forget their past differences and stick to the teachings of the
Holly Kuran which is the basic principle for a true Muslim.

Closing the seminar the Deputy Chief Kadhi Sheik Saad Luwemba expressed grati-
tude to the organisers and prayed to Allah to reward them with "Jana."

On behalf of UMSC the Deputy Chief Kadhi donated shillings 100,000/- for
renovation of Masjid Noor Mosque.

61



ZIMBABWE

EFFORTS TO INCREASE VOLUME OF NATION'S MINERALS THROUGH BEIRA

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 3 Oct 86 p 9

[Text]

19274
cso:

FOLLOWING the success of a
trial shipment, in August 1985, of
a7 500 tonne steel consignment to
Iran via the Beira route, the

Minerals Marketing Corporation’

of Zimbabwe (MMCZ) is now
making progressive efforts to
reroute Zimbabwe’s mineral ex-
ports through Beira, says the-cor-
poration’s deputy general
manager.

Mr Tobias Chizengeni this week
told the Gazette that in August this
year, a further consignment of
6 000 tonnes of steel, worth US$1,2
million, was shipped to Ethiopia via
Beira, and an asbestos order ‘to
Japan should be leaying in
November. .

‘Both shipments proceeded fairly
well, except for slight delays in rail-
ing. During the first trial-to Iran,
there were problems caused by rail
line washaways and derailments.
The Beira port handling capacity it-
self is perfectly acceptable. Other
than the inconvenience of delays,
everything progressed smrioothly’”,
he said.

Regular consultations on the pos

3400/183

sible greater use of the Beira line
have been held with the National
Railways of Zimbabwe (NRZ) and

with the Mozambican rail authori- ~

ty, CFM.

“We are constantly looking at
what opportunities or possibilities
there are for us to move minerals
through Beira, and in this regard we
hope to start regular railings. of

* some of our asbestos in November,

when the first consignment will
leave for Japan.

““The timing depends not only on
the rail capacity, but also on ade-
quate arrangements for vessels to
pick up the minerals when they get
to Beira. .

“After our experience: with the
two shipments to Beira, we have
gained more insight of the capabil-
ity of the line and of the port, and
this should enable us to investigate
further. how we can increase the
volume of traffic through that route.

“At the same time, we have to
look at the facilities available at the
port and the regularity of vessels
calling there. These considerations

67

will naturally influence any decision
on the rate of our ability to increase
the volume of traffic’. .

Mr Chizengeni said the present
amount of ‘mineral traffic going
through Beira remained fairly small
compared with that going through
South Africa, “*but we hope that
with the improvements being done
on the rail line and at the port. the
volume of traffic on this line should
also increase in time.

“+I must emphasise that every cf-
fort is being made to use Mozam-
bican ports because ‘they are the
natural ports for Zimbabwe. if we
can gain easy access to them. 7
_ “The distance between Beira and
our plants is much shorter, so the
railage costs are naturally lower",
he said.



GOVERNMENT SEES NO NEED FOR RSA DIPLOMATIC LINK

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Sep 86 p 12 M

[Text]

MASERU — The Lesotho
Government has no ob-
jection in principle to es-
tablishing diplomatic re-
lations with South Africa
at ambassadorial level,
the Lesotho Foreign Min-
ister, Mr Lengolo Mon-
yake, said in an interview
in Maseru.

But the Government
did not see any need for
such representation al-
though there might be a
need for representation
at a lower level, he said.

Mr Monyake added
that South Africa had not
yet made a formal re-
quest to Lesotho for the
establishment of diplo-
matic relations at any
level.

The Minister said one
of the main functions of
diplomatic relations was
inter-government com-
munication — and com-
munication between Pre-
toria and Maseru ap-
peared satisfactory..

He denied news reports
that South Africa had set
the establishment of
high-level diplomatic re-
lations as a condition for
the signing of a treaty
concerning the Lesotho

/9317
CSO: 3400/193

Highlands water project.

Asked why the water
treaty had not yet been
signed, he said it was
awaiting approval.
“Other Lesotho govern-
ment officials said Ma-
seru was ready to sign
the treaty and suggested
the delay was on the
South African side.

Mr Monyake rejected a
suggestion that the South
African Government
might be hesitant to sign
the treaty because of
fears for the security of
the water project, arising
either from the possibili-
ty of sabotage by African
National Congress insur-
gents or future changes
in the attitude of the Le-
sotho Government.

POLITICAL FEARS

Mr Monyake said his
country would not allow
ANC units to operate in
Lesotho.

The Government was
confident it could protect
the water project instal-
lations from sabotage
and there was no reason
for Pretoria to have po-
litical fears about the fu-
ture of the scheme.

It would be in the in-
terests of Lesotho as well
as South Africa to ensure
the project operated
without hindrance.

Mr Monyake also den-
ied reports that Pretoria
had demanded that Le-
sotho expel the Soviet
and other Communist
embassies before it
would sign the water
scheme treaty.

He doubted that Pre-
toria would make any at-
tempt to dictate Le-
sotho’s foreign relations.

The Soviet Union,
China and North Korea
maintain embassies in
Maseru although the Ko-
rean offices have not
been in operation since
several staff members
were expelled recently
for activities said to have
fallen outside normal
diplomatic practice.

There has been specu-
lation that the military
Government would be
happy to see the closure
of the North Korean em-
bassy because that coun-
try had armed and
trained the youth league
of the former ruling
party, the Basotho Na-

12

LESOTHO

tional Party. The Kore-
ans are also suspected of
having been involved in
efforts to set up a Marx-
ist government in Le-
sotho.

Mr Monyake said, how-
ever, that while his gov-
ernment had restored the
relations with South
Korea that were cut by
the previous government,
it had no interest in
breaking relations with
North Korea.

He said no approach
for the opening of a Ma-
seru embassy had been
made by Cuba, which is
believed to have been on
the verge of making such
an arrangement with
Chief Leabua Jonathan's
government when it was
overthrown.

Mr Monyake said his
government would not
co-operate in any efforts
by South Africa to cir-
cumvent sanctions,

“I'm sure the South
African Government
would appreciate that po-
sition,” he said.

“In the long term it
would not be in South
Africa's interests” (to try
to force Lesotho to
change its stance).


SOUTH AFRICA

BOESAK COMMENTS ON OVERRIDE OF REAGAN'S VETO
MBO31414 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1337 GMT 3 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town, 3 Oct (SAPA)--The "total bankruptcy" of President Ronald
Reagan's policy of constructive engagement must now be very clear to the
people of the United States, the president of the World Alliance of Reformed
Churches and moderator of the NG Sendingkerk [Dutch Reformed Mission Church],
Dr Allan Boesak, said today. Commenting on the U.S. Senate's overriding last
night of President Reagan's veto on sanctions against South Africa, he said
this was the "final blow" to Mr Reagan's policy of constructive engagement.
"The reversal is a very clear sign that President Reagan in his support for
the government of P.W. Botha and apartheid does not have the support of the
Congress of the United States or of the people of the United States," he said.
The people of the United States now had to decide if Mr Reagan's policy of
constructive engagement "really represents the feeling of the people of
America." It was significant that the Senate wanted to show it had made a
choice in support of the struggle of black people in South Africa.

Dr Boesak, who faces charges of subversion, said his bail conditions
prevented him from saying anything which might encourage sanctions. "But
there is nothing in my bail conditions that would stop me smiling if I was
happy about a particular issue, and you don't see me crying now."

He said the attempts by the minister of foreign affairs, Mr Pik Botha, to
persuade senators not to override the veto might in fact have persuaded them
in the other direction. "Many senators would have regarded it as improper
that he threatened counter-sanctions when they knew that South Africa had been
applying sanctions against the Frontline States even before this package came
before the Senate."

Asked whether he foresaw any "tightening of the laager" in South Africa he
said blacks in this country had always experienced the National Party
Government as "being in a laager situation." "I don't think the laager
mentality is a new thing. We are not pushing them into it. They had had it
all along."

What was happening here was a "gigantic bluff." South Africa was fond of
threatening that if it was pressured to bring about justice for black people

95



BUSINESSES THREATEN CLOSURE--Several business houses in Monrovia have threat~
ened to close down due to the reduction in the price of basic commodities on
the Liberian market by the government. According to today's edition of the
DAILY STAR newspaper, the business houses said that the government did not
take into consideration the foreign exchange situation which has prompted the
sharp increase in prices. Reports have it that 10 percent to 24 percent reduc-
tion of prices of such consumer items like sugar and butter was made by the
government. This, the business houses maintain, was causing them great losses
as they were selling below their profit margin. The business houses according
to the paper, noted that if the government cannot reconsider her decision to
have the prices at the balance level, they would have no other alternative but
to simply have their businesses shut down. [Text] [Monrovia Radio ELWA in
English 1710 GMT 26 Sep 86 AB] /12232

DISSOLUTION OF NDPL URGED--The chairman of the Elections Commission. Isaac
Randolph, says the task force of the National Democratic Party of Liberia
[NDPL] should be dissolved in the interest of peace and stability in the
country. At a news conference yesterday, Chairman Randolph said the existence
of the task force would disturb public peace to the detriment of our political
system. Chairman Randolph has accordingly called on the minister of justice
to arrest and prosecute any or all those who evade the rights of individuals
or political parties under the guise of any task force, [Text] [Monrovia
Domestic Service in English 1200 GMT 1 Oct 86 AB] /12232

ECOWAS PROTOCOL CRITICIZED--The commissioner of immigration and naturalization,
Edwin J. Tay, has said that the free movement of. citizens belonging to the
EDOWAS is causing the high influx of aliens into Liberia. He said although
the free movement of these citizens is consistent with the first phase of the
ECOWAS Protocol, it is not in the best interest of Liberia. According to the
today's issue of the DAILY OBSERVER newspaper, Commissioner Tay made the dis—
closure in an interview with the paper recently. He also noted that the second
phase of the ECOWAS protocol, which gives the citizens the right to reside in
member countries and establish businesses there, could not be implemented here
at present until the Liberianization policy gets in full swing. The Liberiani-
zation policy reportedly allows Liberians to get priority consideration for
employment and business opportunities, among other things. Commissioner Tay
told the DAILY OBSERVER that aliens residing in Liberia legally or by dubious
means total almost 20,000. He explained that on many occasions, citizens of
ECOWAS member states enter Liberia to visit, but after the stipulated 90 days
period. for their stay under the ECOWAS protocol, they often fail to return to
their countries of origin. [Text] [Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 1710 GMT

2 Oct 86 AB] /12232

RELATIONS WITH NIGERIA 'CORDIAL'--Acting Foreign Minister David Farhart has
praised the cordial relations existing between Liberia and Nigeria. He recalled
President Doe's 1985 visit to Nigeria during which time, he said, Liberian and
Nigerian relations were further strengthened in the areas of bilateral trade
and economic cooperation. According to the Liberian News Agency, LINA, (Mr
Farhart) was speaking recently at a reception marking Nigeria's 26th indepen-
dence anniversary in Monrovia. He expressed gratitude for President Babangida's
diplomatic skills in undertaking the initiative to mediate in the dispute

17



is also continuing its seizure of the Somali Ogaden region. Is Somalia con-
tinuing the fight for liberation--by arms and by negotiations--and how far
have peaceful negotiations between Somalia and Ethiopia progressed?

[Answer] Of course, the Somali Democratic Republic believes fundamentally in
the principle of supporting all liberation movements in the world. We began
negotiations with the government of Ethiopia. These negotiations are still in
their initial stages. As you know, the two presidents met in Djibouti. The
second meeting of the negotiating committee was held in Addis Ababa; the third
meeting is to take place in Mogadishu. Of course, following the automobile
accident in which the president was involved, we have not been able to set the
basic time. We want these negotiations to take a peaceful form and want the
two parties to reach a just and lasting solution.

Export of Animal Wealth

[Question] Somalia faces difficult internal development challenges. What are
the plans. currently being pursued in order to realize economic development,
raise your standard of living, and rescue the victims of drought and famine?

[Answer] The Somali people are completely dependent upon livestock and agri-
culture. We have, of course, enormous potentials in this area, but they have
not been exploited yet. Naturally, we have enormous fishing resources. After
these current difficulties, we want to develop and export our animal wealth.
On the agricultural side, in the last 3 years we have begun considerable steps.
Somalia, however, needs the investment of Arab capital. Until now, Arab in-
vestors have not been present; or, if present, they have been few. We hope
that there will be economic integration among the Arab states. The Somali
Republic is close to the Gulf states; what separates us is this little sea.

In the future, we shall be able to develop these economic potentials in Somalia,
whether these be fishing, agricultural, or animal and livestock resources.
Considerable steps are being taken. :

[Question] Are there incentives for Arab investors, especially investors from
the Arab Gulf states?

[Answer] Of course. There are new laws that permit each Arab or foreign in-
vestor to invest his money and make it grow and develop.

A Biased Rumor

[Question] After the traffic accident involving His Excellency President
Mohamed Siad Barre, biased rumors surfaced to the effect that it had not been
an accident, but rather a planned attempt on his life. Can we learn from your
excellency the truth about the circumstances of the incident?

[Answer] Naturally, there are always rumors from one source or another about
any incident that takes place. However, I can state to you that there was no
attack on him. It was merely a collision of one automobile with another. The
place was close to the capital, Mogadishu, and many people witnessed the inci-
dent; so these are rumors that have no basis of truth.

46


BLACKS FACE ALCOHOLISM CRISIS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Oct 86 p 10

{Article by Janine Simon]

[Text]

19274
cso:

There is an urgent need for the treat-
ment and prevention of alcoholism in
black areas.

An estimated 218 000 men and 41 000
women in urban areas are alcoholics.
The problem in rural areas is poten-
tially vast. No figures are available.

Alcoholism is likely to soar with the
increasing stresses of unemployment
and the. deterioration of living condi-
tions among black communities, said
Mrs Margeret Motumi, development:;.
advisor for the national branch of the

3400/131

South African National Council on Al-
cohol and Drug Dependance (Sanca),

Increasing urbanisation and concom-
itant “culture shock”, coupled with the
availability of alcohol, were major fac-
tors in encouraging addiction.

There was a general lack of re-
sources and manpower to.develop pre-
vention. and treatment facilities, such
as in-patient and out-patient centres.

Service development had also been
hampered by the lack of awareness
and information of dependance prob-
Jems in vast urban and rural black
communities, she said:

Sanea has identified
pressing demands in Port
Elizabeth, the Far: East
Rand, Welkom, Klerks-
dorp, Kimberly, Pieters-
burg, Heidelberg, Wit-
bank and Potchefstroom.

Needed are detoxifica-
tion centres, . in-patient
treatment centres, . par-
ticularly in the PWV,
day-care facilities and
educational materials
and audiovisuals.

Three weeks in a reha-
bilitation centre costs
R500. The Human’ Sci-
ences Research Council
says that in 1985, the av-
erage black income in
the PWV was R792.

91

SOUTH AFRICA



portion to be allocated especially for agricultural commercialization projects
similar to what was done for cashews.

Another goal is exports. The country, must earn hard currency.

"The production of material goods for export and the rail and port sector have
priority," he pointed out. "Mozambique has always been a country dependent on
rail transportation and this is why several projects are under way and others
will be begun shortly. But solving the security problem is critical in order
to increase our exports of goods and services and improve the balance of pay-
ments."

All the effort that has been made to increase production, according to this
policy, would be in vain if financial imbalance continues and if the burden of
non-productive expenses is not redirected into investment.

Abdul Osman argued in this regard that the purpose of resolving the financial
imbalance is to stimulate producers so that they can receive what they would
like to receive by dint of their productive effort, and thus many seemingly
difficult measures will be necessary to reduce unprofitable expenditures, im-
prove the management of enterprises and better support both the government and
private sectors so that they may contribute to increasing production within
certain guidelines of economic management.

The issue of making enterprises profitable is thus one of the principal latent
concerns in the sectors visited at Cabo Delgado.

The resumption of production capacity assumes that enterprises can be made
profitable and that measures will be implemented to control bank credit and
reinforce its leadership and disciplinary role in economic activity. In the
current situation, many enterprises are operating considerably below capacity,
either for lack of production means, lack of technical assistance or for rea-
sons of poor management. Even while operating below capacity, these enterprises
continue to employ a large number of employees, which are a considerable bur-
den, since their salaries are often paid by bank financing. The majority of
enterprises are operating at a deficit, and in some provinces their debts to
the banks are considerably larger than their budget. There is thus a need to
rationalize labor and reduce these enterprises' deficits without compromising
the goals set forth in the plan.

During the interview, the minister of finance said:

“One of the basic components of the program is the substantial reduction of
the deficits of state enterprises. This will be done. Wherever it may be
necessary to reduce the number of employees, this will also be done. But the
idea is not just to reduce the number of employees: the idea is to achieve
greater production efficiency and increase production. But wherever it is
necessary to assign personnel to the field so that they can be productively
employed, this will have to be done."

The government itself is one of the sectors which is a heavy burden for the
national budget. Under this program, Abdul Magid said that in order to make

29



LESOTHO

COUNTRY OFFERS INVESTORS ACCESS TO FOREIGN MARKETS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Oct 86 p 20

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

{Text ]

MASERU — The Lesotho Gov-
ernment says it will not help
South Africa circumvent eco-
nomic sanctions.

But it says South African
firms are welcome to set up
plants in Lesotho to take advan-
tage of the preferential and
duty-free access the country’s
exports have to overseas
markets.

Lesotho wants to attract in-
vestors “from anywhere in the
world, including South Africa,”
the managing director of the Le-
sotho National Development
Corporation, Mr Moletsane
Monyake said recently.

“Lesotho offers a highly fa-
vourable investment environ-
ment and an attractive incen-
tive package,” he said. :

A major element in the pack-
age was that “the LNDC will fa-
cilitate international marketing
for the new industrialist through
preferential and duty-free ac-
cess of Lesotho-manufactured
goods to lucrative world
markets”.

Lesotho, he said, had duty-

free access for most manufac-
tured goods to the European

/9317
cso: 3400/193

Community and preferential
and quota-free access to North
American and Scandinavian
markets.

The corporation would facili-
tate the marketing of Lesotho-
made goods in these markets.-

Another element in the-pack-
age was the six-year tax “holi-
day” for new industries. The
LNDC was negotiating with the
government to have this extend-
ed to 10 years.

‘The package also included fa-
cilities for bank guarantees and
sub-commercial loans; training
grants covering 75 percent of
the total wage bill for new in-
dustries; erection of factories at
fully-serviced industrial estates
managed by the LNDC; project
appraisals and feasibility stu-
dies for potential investors; and
a revolving export funding
facility.

Mr Monyake said Lesotho had
a work force that was stable,
disciplined and readily trainable
(the country has possibly the
highest literacy rate in Africa)
and wage rates were highly
competitive.

13

“The LNDC plans increased
participation in international
fairs to display and promote the
country’s industrial products to
potential export markets,” he
said. ba

Mr Monyake’s remarks were
not made in the context of sanc-
tions against South Africa but
the Lesotho government has
made it clear it cannot imple-
ment any such sanctions. .

Lesotho has a foot in two
camps. ve

It is a member with South
Africa of of the Rand Monetary
Area and the Southern African
Customs Union. : fn

At the same time it is a mem-
ber of the Southern African De-
velopment Co-ordination Con-
ference, which seeks to promote
developmental co-operation
among the Southern African
states while reducing their de-
pendence on South Africa.

It also has membership in the
fledgling Preferential Trade
Area which embraces Southern
and East African states, and
which is now holding its first in-
ternational fair in Nairobi.



Before continuing, I would like to add that it is the Provisional Council of
Togolese Revolution that had the political responsibility for the situation.
It was to be headed immediately by Amah Ayayi, alias Sancho, with-the. rank of
captain, for a period of 8 days. ‘According to the scheme, the provisional
council was to function for only 8 days; then Guilchrist Olympio and Francisco
Lawson would come to form the definitive government after the putsch.

Ladies and gentlemen, these painful events prompt. a few preliminary..remarks.
First, the attack comes’ 2 months after.the ‘discovery. of twa priefcases of
explosives in Togo. The discovery itself had been preceded a year earlier
by a series of explosions which killed innocent Togolese people and. caused
extensive material damage. The.second remark is that the latest -developments,
which have prompted this. press conference are taking place on the eve of two
major meetings; these are the Franco-African meeting next November; and the
20th anniversary of President Eyadema's ‘New-Deal regime. It .is undisputably
an attempt to tarnish the image of Togo which is based on its political stab-
ility and on its realistic and active foreign policy in the service of world
peace and concord among nations regardless of their ideologies.

But before the ongoing investigations. are conéluded, it is necessary to ‘recall
the following facts: All the terrorists say they were trained in Ghana for
the handling of weapons, the planting of explosives, and various military
techniques of destabilization. Secondly, all the assailants .say that they
took off from Ghana to participate. in the destabilization attempt of ‘23. Sep-
tember; thirdly, all the aggressors admit that they came to Togo to overthrow
the regime by assassinating President Eyadema. All--almost all--say they
went through Burkina Faso for further military training.

In the light of the arrests made [words. indistinct] we can given the. follow-
ing information: the criminal. command was ‘comprised of about 60 -:persons
who arrived in Ghana in successive batches. On the final-day and the final
hour, vehicles full. of heavily-armed assailants directly entered Lome from
Chana. Some of these vehicles had.no license plates, one was licensed in
Ghana, and others had Togolese license plates.

During the various operations of..attack, the terrorist..attackers forced sever-
al civilians out of their personal cars and from several ‘taxis, and used
their cars for their urban acts of piracy launched on ‘innocent passersby.

But who is behind these acts of destabilization of the Togolese ‘regime? Who
are these people who resort to terrorism to achieve their aim? Who arms
these criminal hands to assassinate: the head of state? .According to state-
ments received from arrested persons, they are (1) Guilehrist Olympio;

(2). Francisco Lawson, former captain in the Togolese Armed: Forces; (3) Isidore
Lazo; (4) (Professor Agbedjan); (5) Arma Ayayi alias Santo. It should be
recalled that the first. two--Guilchrist Olympio and Francisco Lawson were
already. directly implicated in the 1977 mercenary affair. They were tried
and convicted.

57



GOVERNMENT'S UNEMPLOYMENT RELIEF PROGRAM CONTINUES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Sep 86 p 4

[Text]

19274
cs0: 3400/130

By the end of March this year, more than 300 000 formerly jobless
people were in employment under the Government's unemployment
relief scheme, the Minister of Home Affairs, Mr Stoffel Botha, told a
meeting of the Natal Chamber of Industries.

More than 26,5 million workdays were rendered by these former
unemployed and the small business development programmes were
responsible for the creation of 28 000 new jobs.

Mr Botha added that 25 000 South African had been trained in 180
different skills in $67 training centres around the country.

Twenty-five percent of these trained people were placed in jobs
immediately after they qualified.

This joint venture by many private concerns and government
institutions has proved that “we can generate what is needed on the
employment front,” added Mr Botha.

This “operation employment” scheme will continue. The Govern-
ment hoped to aid a further 250 000 jobless people by March 1987.

Mr Botha also called on the industrialists to assist the Govern-
ment in identifying the 1,3 million foreign workers employed ille-

.gally in commerce, industry and agriculture in South Africa.

( “After all, charity begins at home,” he said.

; A future where each community was equal could be achieved if
\the Government and private sector took hands and succeeded in
i getting all parties around the negotiating table, said Mr Botha.

110

SOUTH AFRICA


But Operation Employment has run foul of big business and local authorities,

"We've had tremendous trouble getting the markets into action," said Mrs
Scofo,

‘We need co-operation, but we are just not getting enough, We have submitted
proposals for between 25 and 30 sites, but each time we were turned down."

For instance, a supermarket offered the use of their parking lot--a "wonderful
place" for a market,

"We were then threatened with court action by the local town council and the
idea had to be dropped, It was awful,

“traders' associations, town councils, merchants or residents’ associations
always seem to object."

Offer

Mrs Scofo and her group were offered the use of a 4 ha plot owned by Waverley
Girlg' High School,

“The ratepayers association came down very heavily on the school and we had
to shelve the plan."

Mr Formby, chairman of the Waverley Ratepayers Association, was not prepared
to comment on the association's reasoning behind the objections,

"It's a private affair and it worked out fine. I'm not going to say anything
else about it," he said.

Operation Employment offices are currently housed in a building belonging to
a Roman Catholic order of nuns,

But now they are having to look for different premises--after objections from
Orange Grove residents.

“We had hordes of blacks coming in and it didn't go down too well with the
local residents, We only had two complaints but we want to reduce conflict,
not increase it,

‘Now we are looking for new premises in The Wynberg area," said Mrs Scofo,

But they aren't having much success, even though many buildings in the area
are standing empty. Rents are either too high, or the terms of the contract--
Operation Employment wants to give landlords a cut of any profits--are unac~
ceptable,

Stress

“We could. house many handicraft and other small businesses in one of these
buildings and offer 10 percent of all profits as rental, But the

112


Gold, Coal Mine Strikes Focus on Health, Safety Issues
(Sheryl Raine; THE. STAR, 2 Oct 86) .ccccucececesccevcccons

Briefs
NUM, ERGO Wage Hike Agreement

ECONOMIC

/9986

Government's Unemployment Relief Program Continues
(THE STAR, 26 Sep 86) sccccccsaccccccccccvescvcscccesseees

‘Operation Employment' Helps Black Jobless
(Peter Owen; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Sep 86) ...sccsceccccvscceees

Demographic Institute Warns of. Poverty, Famine
(THE STAR, 2-Oct 86) crsccecccscccesvccuccvcescevecccesece

County's Technological Advancement Seen Threatened by Sanctions
(Madden. Cole; THE CITIZEN, 2 Oct 86) ..ccsccecvevevcccceee

Black Employment in Gold Mines Levelling Off
(Dave Edwards; SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Sep 86) ..esseceeceeseeees

108

109

110

11

114

115

116


against the apartheid system. Their own obligation to ensure that their voice
is heard, that the American people are not in fact represented by Reagan on
the question of apartheid, that what Reagan says does not represent public
opinion in the United States.

And, therefore, we are confident that what you see happening now like the
decision of the U.S, Congress to impose sanctions that tendency, that trend
is going to strengthen, it is going to develop in all the major Western
countries. It is clear even in a country like Great Britain that there is
very strong mass popular opinion in favor of sanctions. Margaret Thatcher is
even faced with a bit of a rebellion within her own party, members of the
Conservative Party and I am talking of members of parliament and even members
of her own cabinet saying that it is necessary to impose sanctions against
the Pretoria regime.

And, therefore, as I am saying, we are confident because of the involvement of
masses of people in these Western countries in the struggle on our side in
favor of sanctions in support of the ANC, in support of our struggle, that
mass popular pressure is going to build up to the point where even people like
Reagan cannot withstand it, The other important element which has arisen in
the discussion of the question of sanctions is that people in the Western
countries are talking about people's action, That it is not necessary to wait
for government to impose sanctions by law but that the people themselves can
act,

A lot of trade unionists and trade unions are saying that it is possible for
them as trade unions to impose sanctions, to refuse to handle ships for instance
to and from South Africa, to refuse to handle aircraft that are flying to

South Africa or from South Africa, actions of that type. In very many parts

of the world I mean those people's sanctions are being imposed in that sort of
way,

You have whole organs of local governments in many countries, town councils,
regional councils, refusing to buy South African goods, refusing to have any-
thing to do with South Africa. I think you will know that so strong is the
feeling of the people like in places like Edinburgh, for instance, during the
whole time that the Commonwealth Games were taking place in Edinburgh, that
the city council of Edinburgh was flying the flag of the ANC at the municipal
headquarters as a demonstration of the support of the people of Edinburgh for
our struggle, And that includes, as I have said, actions even by the city
council of Edinburgh to boycott South African goods, to boycott anything South
African, to impose their own sanctions at that level, as.well as to express
support for the ANC in various ways, [end recording]

19274
csO: 3400/1412

89



/9317
CsO: 3400/201

But let them know this: History has in her bosom not a
single example of indefinite care for those not justified to
exist. Fate is even more cruel. It spares no one whose convic-
tions are not matched by an equal readiness to give effect to
those convictions. This hamfisted, non-government govern-
ment will meet its end. But it was presented with an opportuni-
ty almost unmatched. It could have acted as a true nationalist
base for the afflicted country; it could have taken up the
cudgels to vanquish the evils which for too long have been
maladies nursed and encouraged.

Therefore, nationalists of the fatherland, we must unite and
work tirelessly and fearlessly for the destruction of a sick
order. And by destruction is meant ever greater political co-
ordination on the part of the opposing forces, regimentation,
the upholding of clear-cut, viable and, above all, clean objec-
tives, free from the rottening maladies that have so far been
the hallmark of.a troubled land.

34


and let everyone take part in a democratic government, it would "get so angry
and do nothing."

"Maybe it is about time that the world calls the bluff of the South African
Government. Let us see how far South Arican can go on this isolationalist
road, whether it can withstand the moral pressure of a world that realises
that without fulfilling the legitimate aspirations of black people there will
never be peace in this country."

19599
cso: 3400/144

96


NAMIBIA

EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM SAID TO RETARD ECONOMIC GROWTH
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 30 Sep 86 p 3
[Article by. Duncan Meyer]

[Text]

THE NAMIBIAN educational system is retarding the
country’s economic growth and progress by failing to
meet the needs of employers, individuals and commu-

nities.

So concluded the controver-
sial education report tabled in
the National Assembly a year
ago. Anda year later, while the
majority of Namibians agree
with the problem areas identi-
fied, not one recommendation
has been implemented.

Political squabbling has led
to the report being accepted in
principle but, because of its
non-racial. overtones, it is un-
likely ever to be approved.

But while the opening of all
schools to ail races is the focus
of a dispute between the white
National Party and the govern-
ment, there were indisputable
contentions.

@ only 26% of Namibian
teachers are qualified beyond
matric level;

© 20% of teachers have not
passed standard eight;

@ only 4% of children reach
senior secondary level, while
of those who reach matric, the
alarming pupil drop out rate
due. to irrelevant syllabuses
results in only a very few
matriculating.

The report adds that, for
various reasons, pupils’ scolas-
tic achievements are not up to
standard.

The seriousness of the situa-
tion cannot be — over-
emphasised, as the fact that
education was one of the first
issues discussed in the Nation-
al Assembly, attests.

One cannot avoid asking
what has been done in over a
year since the report was
tabled.

And it is here-that we run
into the first major problem.
The politics.

This is. not the first educa-
tion report to have suffered the
ignominy ‘of party-political
wrangling.

In 1982 a similar report was
tabled — its recommendations
welcomed and enthusiastically
discussed. As history has
shown, it was ignored.

37

Educationalists realise the
inherent difficulties in im-
plementing recommendations
which cut searingly across eth-
nic and racial boundaries, but
“what we need is change - not
talk of change?’ one disen-
chanted teacher said.

An Advertiser survey of in-
formed educational opinions
showed startling results.

“The present . educational
system is invalid. We are not
teaching children how to think,
nor how to process data. We
are testing their ability to
remember data. Nothing more
than that. What we should be
teaching them is how to or-
ganise data. Regurgitation be-
longed to the Middle Ages,’
said one Academy _ lec-
turer.§ This was the view of
all the academics interviewed.
One went on to say that unless