But once the targets become visible objects of wealth and perhaps capitalism,

then the result is even more unsettling. There is no doubt that the country's
sense of optimism takes a hammering at a time that we need to be confident.

As things are, even. countries that are normally cordial with South Africa are

mounting campaigns attacking the country. This will have a significant effect
on our finances.

And as if that is not enough, we have problems on the mines and on other job
centres. It really seems to give substance to the adage that it never rains
but pours.

We need, however look for a glimmer of Light.in.all this darkness. The bomb
blasts have not only put the plight of mine workers on the map, but they must
certainly shake South Africa's leaders.

We are rather afraid that unless something is done, and quickly, this violence
will become uncontainable. Already the children of the townships are depend-
ing more and more on the use of force and violence to press their case.

The problem has to be addressed by parents, by the business community, by
other lobbies inside and outside the township and most importantly by the
police. The police are very touchy about being attacked, as is everybody
else. But it does seem odd that. school children can be allowed to develop
this spate of violence into something almost organized without the police
seeming to do anything about it.

csO: 3400/172

55



cr

JPRS-SSA~85~-043
24 May 1985

IVORY COAST

BRIEFS

GRADUATION AT POLICE ACADEMY--Four hundred and fiifty-seyen trainees, to be 5
appointed to the. vinistry of. .nternal -ecurity, will graduate in 1985 (14 from
Category A, 31 from Category-B and 412 from Category C) from the Police Academy
where 457 new recruits were accepted. Appropriations have been made for them

inthe 1985 budget, In addition, 16 persons from Category A were appointed to
the’: inistry of the nterior. [Text] [Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French Mar 85

p 14] 6857

cso: 3419/370

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed, Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- ~
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
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ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
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Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS~SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

ZANZIBAR-PLO COOPERATION--Zanzibar: the Revolutionary government of Zanzibar
and the PLO have signed an agreement whereby the PLO will open a duty free shop
and two supermarkets in Zanzibar. The agreement was signed in Zanzibar last
Monday by the Zanzibar Minister of Finance, Ndugu Taimur Slaeh on behalf ‘of
the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar and the PLO Ambassador in Tanzania,
Ndugu ‘Abd al-'Aziz on behalf of his organization. The duty free shop and the
two supermarkets will be opened in the holy month of Ramadan. Most of the goods
will be textiles and leather goods as well as other items. The PLO will soon
prepare a plan to open health centers. The centers will be opened in Dar es
Salaam and Zanzibar. According to a PLO spokesman the centers are expected

to be opened this year. Already two doctors from the PLO are working in V. I.
Lenin Hospital in Zanzibar. [Excerpts] [Zanzibar Domestic Service in Swahili
1600 GMT 2 May 85 EA] :

CSO: 3400/118

115



DEFENSE BUDGET WILL INCREASE WHEN ECONOMY IMPROVES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Apr 85 p 13

{article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

ALTHOUGH
has been a decrease in
expenditure on De-
fence this year, the
Government will in-
“crease expenditure
again when the econ-
omy improves.

According to Govern-
ment sources, the “real-
term” cut in security
spending is designed to
give short-term economic
relief at a time when State
funds are stretched to the
limit.

“As soon as the econ-
omy has recovered, the
Defence vote will have to
be increased to ensure
that the security commit-
ments of the country will
continue to be met.”

Figures released by the

Department of Defence
show that while Defence
Budget has-climbed from
}R2 865-million in 1981 to
IR4 544 for 1985-86, or 58

cso: 3400/93

there |

percent over five years,
measured against the
“Consumer Price Index
this represents a decrease
in real terms.

This year’s Budget is
‘nominally nine percent
higher than last year’s
R4 154-million. How-
ever,taking into account
the rise in the Consumer
:Price Index, it represents
a real decrease of nine
percent.

The downward trend is
also reflected in Defence
‘spending calculated as a
percentage of all State ex-
‘penditure.

From 18,2 percent of
‘all State spending in 1977,
‘the Defence Budget de-
(lined to 16,1 percent in

64

1982, 15,1 percent in

“:1983, 15,0 pecent in 1984

‘and 13,9 percent for the
current year.

Defence spending ex-
pressed as a percentage of

-State expenditure in vari-
sous countries — the latest
‘figures for 1983 —are: US

25,8, UK 19,7, Germany
19, France 18, SA 15,1
and Portugal 8,4.

South Africa’s 1985-86
Defence Budget will be’
‘allocated to the services
as follows: Army R1 918-
million, Air — Force
R1 408-million, Navy
1R396-million, _ Medical
Services R150-million and
other expenditure R672-
iillion.

' ‘The SADF Vote will be |

idebated in the House of
Representatives tomor-
:row, in the House of Del-
‘egates on Friday and the
House of Assembly next
month.:

JPRS-SSA-85~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


FIRST TENTATIVE STEPS TO FEDERATION NOTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 23 Apr 85 p 8

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

PRESIDENT P W
Botha may have taken
a first hesitant step to-
ward a federal solution
of South Africa’s prob-
lems with his declara-
tion in Parliament that
he was no longer com-
mitted to the policy of
dispossessing blacks of
South African citizen-
ship when their desig-
nated “homelands” at-
tain independence,

- His annoucement  coin-
cided with an invitation to
opposition parties to serve
on the special Cabinet Com-
mittee examining how to
meet the political aspira-
tions of blacks living per-
manently outside their as-
signed “homelands.”

‘he invitation was quick-
ily accepted by the Leader
of the Opposition in the
white chamber, Dr Fre-
derik van Zyl Slabbert,
‘whose Progressive Federal
Party is rongly commit-
‘ted to a federalism. It was
similarly accepted by the
.tiny New Republic Party,
- whose policy ially em-
‘praces federal

Significantly, the invita-
tion was spurned by Dr An-
dries Treurnicht’s ultra-
‘Rightist Conservative
‘Party, which, as the heir of
the Verwoerdian tradition
of complete political sepa-

‘ration between the races, is _

“hostile to federalism as a

‘form of racial power-shar-
ing. :
‘The upshot is that the in-
clination. towards federal-
ism in the special Cabinet
Committee‘ will be boosted
‘by the participation of the
‘PFP and the NRP without
being countered by the in-
fluence of the CP.

Officially, of course,
President Botha is commit-
‘ted to the formation of a“
confederation between
South Africa and the “black
homelands,” all 10 of which
are destined to become
snominally lent in
‘terms of the. orginal Dlue-
print drawn up by the hi
priest of “grand apartheid”,
‘Dr Hendrik Verwoerd.

But confederation per de-
fintion means an associ-
ation between seperate sov-
ereign states, each with
their own citizenship. Mr
Botha’s statement, with its
inference of a common citi-
zenship for all South Afri-
cans, is clearly inimical to
confederation.

Political re-ordering of
relations between dominant
whites and subordinate
‘blacks within the frame-
work of a common citizen-
‘ship points towards a form
of power-sharing within a
‘single state, however much -
the ruling National Party
‘may for political reasons
try to camouflage that. _

15

The NP itself acknowl-
edged in a 1982 statement
there can only be one cen-
tral government for each
territorial unit. As blacks
living permanently. outside
their sup) “homelands”
occupy the same territorial

* unit as whites, coloureds

and Indians, they can, in
iterms of the NP’s stated po-
;Sition, only be accommo-
‘dated within government
“for that territory.
., Given the NP’s fear of
black majority rule within a
tightly centralised state, re-
‘structuring is likely to take
lace on a loosely linked
deral model rather than :
.within a unitary paradigm.
Two key factors appear
to have impelled Mr
to take a guarded step awa:
from confederation to fed-
‘eration: the collapse, under °
‘the pressure of rebellion in
‘the ships, of black local
authorities; and the ada-
‘mant refusal of several key

. “black Homelands” includ-

jing. KwaZulu with 2 rest.
Fdent population of 4-million,

"to accept Pretoria’s offer of

‘independence.
‘Established in 1983 under
the Black Local Authorities
: Act, the new black townshij
councils in white-designat
ed South Africa were meant
to serve as partial compen-
sation to blacks for their ex-
?elusion from the new tri-
racial parliament for.

. latest official

whit
. blacks will have to be given
sa say at all levels in deci-

JPRS-SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH ‘AFRICA

whites, coloureds and Indi-

ans, .

But, under relentless pop-
ular pressure in the town-
ships, they have all but dis-
integrated. Ac ling to the
more
than 150 councillors have
resigned. Several have been.
brutally murdered by black
mobs. Of the 34 councils in-

are still functioning accord-
ing to the Urban Founda-

tion. .
As long as blacks are ex-
cluded participation
“in central government,
black local authorities will
lack credibility and viabil-
change atthe top ofthe pall
_ Change at p of the pol.
tical poramid to ravine &
lace for blacks and, there-
, to help bring an end to
the ing ion-in the

+The Minister :
: of :
“tion and peepee Dr
: Gerrit Viljoen, made just

that point in an ‘interview in
Ray at the’ weekend, in
he re-stressed that

sion-making affecting

em.
The refusal of leaders of
several key non-indepen- ©


JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

TRUNK ROAD TO BE REHABILITATED--The. government is negotiating with the Italian
and Japanese governments for assistance for the rehabilitation of the Cape
Coast-Yamoransa and Kumasi trunk road to facilitate the movement of exports
through the Takoradi harbor. This was announced by the PNDC [Provisional
National Defense Council] coordinating secretary, Mr P. V. Obeng, at the
inauguration of a cultural group of the Tema branch of the Adanse Knoye Kuo at
Tema. He (?added) that if the road plays’ an important role in the economic
development of the nation this is because it serves as the main link between
the northwestern and southwestern parts of the country in the exportation of
timber, cocoa, and other products. Mr Obeng said now that the road is almost
unmotorable, the nation has to bear extra cost in diverting products meant for
exports through Accra to Takoradi. He commended the people of Adanse for
their decision to help with the rehabilitation of the portion of the trunk
road in the Adanse District. Mr Obeng assured them that the health post in
the district will be upgraded pending the completion of the government hospital
at Fomena. [Text] [Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 6 May 85 AB]

cso: 3400/169

1



| from officialdom or the adoption of the most radical standpoints possible to
| prove their commitment to the fight against oppression.

Black politics has slipped into a bewildering welter of violent chaos and
differing viewpoints in a power struggle generally based on emotive radical-

isn.

Yet President Botha must persist. He must confront acknowledged leaders of
all sections of the black community.

This means talking unconditionally to "internal" leaders such as Boesak and
Buthelezi, Tutu and Motlana and it means doing so at any time, at any forum and
on any subject.

| It also means talking unconditionally to the "external" leaders such as the
Mandelas (in jail if necessary) and the Tambos (in Lusaka if necessary).

It is time to write a fresh and bold chapter of political history in South
Africa.

cso: 3400/147

70



JPRS~SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

MADAGASCAR

RATSIRAKA ON REGIONAL QUESTIONS
Paris LE MONDE in French 23 Mar 85 p 8
[Interview by J. B.$-date and place not given]

{Text] "I do not see the need for the Francophone
movement." "South Africa represents a potential
danger for us."

QUESTION: In your opinion, 4g d0e8 France's admission as a full member to
the Indian Ocean Commission constitute an official recognition of France
as a regional power, With Reunion as. an intermediary,

RATSIRAKA: If we want to establish inter-island trade, we cannot ignore
Reunion, our neighbor. We prefer that Reunion import our goods rather
than South African goods, particularly because we are able to sell to
Reunion in French francs and not in dollars. Could we have invited
Reunion to sit on the Indian Ocean Commission as an abstract entity,
without any political dimension? For the time being, Reunion is a French
department. This is a fact. I do not speak for the Reunionese. If, for
reasons of their own, they want to maintain the status quo, I support
them. I cannot be more Reunionese:than. the*Reunfonese:.,

QUESTION: Will the fact that the French language has been given a greater
role to play in the Malagasy educational system lead your country to make
more of the French-speaking community?

RATSIRAKA: The answer is "No": I do not know what lurks behind the
French speaking community movement, or the ulterior motives of .those who
advocate this concept. I do not see why I would be in the forefront of
this movement, as Senghor was. Repercussions of the past? The motives
that governed the founding of the French-speaking movement seem somewhat
suspicious to me. This yoke, this sort of pbrotherhood--Why? For now,

I see no need for it. To us, the French language is still a window on the
world, a means of mastering modern technology. In saying this, I am no
less of a patriot or a nationalist than anyone else.

* The Indian Ocean Commission is formed by Madagascar, Mauritius, and the
Seychelles, which have recently been joined by the Comoros and by France.

28


REVENUE FROM MINERALS LEAPS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 p 5

[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text]

REVENUE from South
African minerals in
1984 leapt by more
than R2765-million
over the previous
year’s figure.

SA Mineral Bureau figures
show revenue for unclassi-
fied minerals above
R19 000-million compared
with. R16 244-million in

1983,

Revenue from platinum, an-
timony, cobalt and urani-
um oxide is kept under
wraps, but estimates put
platinum up by 22%, anti-
Mmony and uranium mak-
ing only small increases in
sales but gaining from the
weak rand.

90 tons

South Africa’s estimated
platinum production of 90
tons a year should have
produced at least R1 600-
million.

Cobalt: production and rev-
enue figures are secret,
and ates differ so
widely that they have to

be ignored.

Gold production . increased
from 678 tons in 1983 to 681
tons last year. Grades con-
tinued to decline, the 1984
average of 6,44g/t being
1,8% below the 1983 level.

To counter this drop the
mines milled an extra mil-
lion tons of ore to finish
the year’with a figure of
101-million tons.

The weakening rand offset

the dollar price of gold to

‘ive producers revenue of

11 559,6-million, an in-
crease of Ri 382,1-million
over 1983, .

Coal output continued to in-
crease. Total 1984 sales of
159-million tons were
worth R3426-million, a
gain of R806-million on

1983.
Coal mines produced an addi- *

tional 8-million tons for
domestic use, revenue in-
creasing by R253-million
to R1713-million,

Lost sparkle

Production of export coal
rose wy 26% to 38-million
. tons. Value, bolstered by
the ailing rand, leapt by
48% to Ri 712-million.
Diamonds lost their sparkle
with both carats produced
and sales falling. The 1984

production of 101-million .

‘carats was 2-million car-
ats, below the previous
see ced ure, nt files

y -
mall

ion.

Silver sales fell by nearly R5-

million to R66-million last

year. Production was

down by only a ton from
1983's 218 tons.

99

JPRS-SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



In order to control its mixed economy, the state took charge of imports and

“the distribution of all products, and adopted a national planning system
covering both state and private enterprises, as well as the largest private
and cooperative plantations.

Private investments continued to be possible and were even encouraged.
However, the FRELIMO hoped that the government could control the economy
through the creation of great state factories and farm estates.

The state retained the majority of shares for itself even in the new joint
venture companies for the production of tires and in the fishing sector,
involving private American, Spanish and Japanese enterprises and a Soviet
state company.

Lack of Foreign Capital

After an initial period of economic decline, production increased between 1979
and 1981. ‘But the projects of Mozambique were affected by the lack of foreign
capital, following the world recession, and by the lack of knowledge
concerning management and planning, by the drought and by South African
destabilization.

As the FRELIMO lost control of the economy, marketing and production began to

, collapse. The official statistics show that economic activity dropped 7
percent in 1982 and 16 percent in 1983, and the per capita gross national
product dropped from $208 (37,400 escudos) in 1981 to less than $155 (27,900
escudos) in 1983. At the same time, the black market was flourishing.

First the FRELIMO turned toward the East in search of aid. But the Soviet
Union vetoed its application for entry into the socialist economic bloc, the
_ CEMA, going against the support from East Germany and Bulgaria.

“Moscow refused to give Mozambique the kind of financial aid it provided to
Cuba and Vietnam. It sees no strategic interest south of the Equator, a
position which has perhaps been strengthened by the opposition of the FRELIMO

“ to American or Soviet bases in the Indian Ocean.

Later, the USSR sent vital oil supplies, the only thing which kept Mozambican
planes‘in the air, as well as food products and consumer goods, but not a cent
in the form of development capital.

_ Mozambique began to court the West with greater diligence and zeal at the
beginning of 1982. President Samora Machel visited Eastern Europe in 1983,
seeking private investments. He even met with Harry Oppenheimer, president of

_ the Anglo-American Corporation of South Africa. Relations with the United

“States, which last year took Mozambique off its black list, improved. The
nonaggression pact signed in March of 1984 with South Africa is closely linked
with the improvement in relations with the West. Mozambique applied to the
World Bank and the IMF for acceptance.

‘The’ internal changes began in 1983, with the Fourth Party Congress. Socialist
planning continues, but in a less centralized form.

35



The involvement and participation of our society's opinion-makers in the
process of dialogue and the establishment of confidence and trust are ncessary
conditions for a democratic process of negotiations.

The negotiating. framework poses another serious problems. Should it be a
national convention, and informal forum or something else?

Blacks generally feel strongly in favour of national convention. The National
Party is against it.

This provides a very serious obstacle to meaningful negotiations. The Special
Cabinet Committee, recently enlarged to include members of the opposition,
made some headway. Its general acceptance by blacks, however, was limited
because it was regarded as part and parcel of the "system."

The idea of an informal’ forum was also not greeted with much enthusiasm. But
significant forum talks did take place and are continuing.

Given black reactions, and they should be taken seriously if we are sincere
about negotiations, the Special Cabinet Committee and the idea of an informal
forum obviously does not supply the final answer to a negotiating framework.

While these moves by government should not be discarded--the forum, for instance,
provides the opportunity to hold informal and confidential talks, thus preparing
the ground for further initiatives--I believe that a formal negotiating body
should be given serious thought.

It should, moreover, be one of the points on the agenda of preliminary negotia—
tions.

A national convention should not. in principle be excluded, but is equally an
item to be negotiated. A possible compromise would be the institution of a

Constitutional Task Force.

Negotiations eventually revolve around issues like objectives, goals and bottom
lines. Suffice to say that these issues imply that we should not expect too
much too soon.

CsO: 3400/147

60



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DEBTS OWED PORTUGUESE FIRMS TO BE PAID BY BANKS
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 5 Apr 85 p 4

[Text] Mozambique is expected to respond by the middle of May to the proposal
submitted to it by the Bank of Portugal with a view to establishing the
conditions for the rescheduling of the debt to Lisbon which Maputo has
accumulated. This plan comes within the framework of the negotiations which
have been under way between the People's Republic of Mozambique and the Club
of Paris and are expected to lead to the signing of an agreement between all
the large creditor countries and the former Portuguese colony on 30 June of
this year. .

Although the results of the talks in Paris require that all the participants
grant that African country the same time conditions for the payment of its
debts--Mozambique will have 5 years with nothing to pay and 6 more years to
liquidate its back debts--the interest rates to be applied throughout the
period during which Maputo will pay off its debt (owed and falling due'by June
of 1985) will be the subject of bilateral negotiations.

Maputo stopped making foreign payments as of the middle of 1983, having since
-then acquired foreign support only through immedate payment or by using gifts
and eredit obtained from governmental aid departments and foundations in the
Third World. As Portugal does not have such financing tools for its exports,
trade with Mozambique has been seriously reduced, being limited to commitments
already undertaken previously.

With the signing of the agreement. between Mozambique and the Club of Paris,
the commercial banks which financed exports to that African country will
replace Mozambique as the payor, if those exports were made on credit
guaranteed by the state. In this way the enterprises (Portuguese and others)
will have their credit redeemed. In Portugal, practically all of the
operations of this sort were concluded with credit guaranteed by the COSEC
{Credit Insurance Company] or directly by the state.

By the end of June, the accumulated lags in state-to-state relations will also
have been settled and, much more important, the final agreement on the
rescheduling of the foreign debt of Mozambique will make it possible to
establish some credit for new operation. "The philosophy of the rescheduling
operations carried out by the Western countries within the context of the Club



TECHNOLOGY VITAL TO SA'S GROWTH

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

[Text]

“THE ‘executive director
of the National Productiv-
ity Institute;.Dr Jan Vis-
ser yesterday said one of
the main reasons South
Africa was not making
the economic growth rate
grade was a lack of a na-
tional poli-

cy.
He told a meeting of
the International Associa-

cs0: 3400/93

25 Apr 85 p 8

ware of ‘generalisations of

this kind,” he said.

the kind. of technology
which would make South
Africa more. cost effec-

“In the. final instance, -

hat we. want to achieve
exporting _ mafufac-
tured goods, and we will
only be able to'do this if
we are cost effective.

“Technology is a key
factor when it comes to
cost - effectiveness  —
something we’ should
never forget,” he said.

63

of ae

JPRS-SSA~85~043

“4 2m May 1985

SOUTH: AFRICA *.


So oO fF AF OD ys ODO ©

=

0

cso:

3400/93

100


JPRS~SSA-85-~043
24 May 1985

than counting one's chickens before they are hatched. The paper recalls numer-
ous attempts by Libya to unite with her neighbors and their usual failures.
One significant factor in the current merger efforts, says the paper, is the
special friendship between Ghana's leader, Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings,
and his counterpart, Captain Thomas Sankara. However, the paper is of the
view that the very personal friendship between the two men could be the
greatest weakness in the merger plan. The DAILY TIMES says that for such
measures to be credible and capable of standing the tests of time, they need
to go beyond and mean more than the excellent personal relationship of their
founding fathers. The paper therefore calls on both leaders to bring the
people of the merging states together in every conceivable field. According
to the TIMES, only then will these measures forge an everlasting inter-people
friendship and meaningful unity, [Text] [From the press review] [Lagos
International Service in English 0830 GMT 8 Apr 85 AB]

REDUCTION IN. ARMY URGED--The GUARDIAN emphasizes the need for a reduction in
the size of the Nigerian army. It states that the economy is not in the right
shape to sustain a large army. It is therefore in view of this problem that
the GUARDIAN offers two options that may be of help. First of all, the paper
suggests that the army should pursue a more vigorous, but more meaningful policy
of demobilization aimed at making the remaining men quicker, better-trained and
well armed. Secondly, the GUARDIAN feels that in the absence of finances for
heavy investment in military technology, soldiers can be redeployed to other
productive economic ventures like agriculture. The paper is optimistic that
the nation will benefit a lot from a disciplined participation in agri-
cultural extension by the army. [Text] [Press review] [Lagos International
Service in English 0830 GMT 11 Apr 85 AB]

REJOICING OVER NUMAYRI OVERTHROW--The NATIONAL CONCORD rejoices with the people
of the Sudan over the recent overthrow of President Ja‘far Numayri, The paper
points out that the joy is heightened when one considers the fact that Numaryi's
policies, during most of his 16-year rule, were mostly to the detriment of the
masses, It meant that the former Sudanese leader's acceptance and implementa-
tion of the IMF [International Monetary Fund] and World Bank conditions on de-
valuation and withdrawal of all subsidies, especially on food, were the last
straw.. The much-expected and glorious end to the Numaryi government, the paper
feels, should serve as an example of all Third World tyrannical regimes on the
dangers of self-perpetuity in power, and with that, the CONCORD advises the new
government to act in the interest of the Sudanese workers, whose revolution
enabled the army to seize power. [Text] [Press review] [Lagos International
Service in English 0830 GMT 12 Apr 85 AB}

JAPANESE RESEARCH BOAT GLFT~-A new boat, MV (Sakin Baka), was today donated to
Nigeria ‘by Japan for the Nigerian Institute of Oceanography and Marine Research.
The Japanese Government also seconded a marine engineer and a master fisherman
to the vessel for 2 years to train their Nigerian counterparts. The boat is a
42-meter (?tow and line) vessel with a (?goods) tonnage of 272. The Japanese
ambassador to Nigeria, Mr Wataru Mayakawa, formally presented the vessel to

the representative of the minister of education, science and technology. [Ex-
cerpt] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 16 Apr 85 AB}

AA



on economic installations and the traffic of goods to Maputo harbor on the
Cahora Basa line, preventing all attempts to restore order and stimulate
developments, have belied RENAMO's claims. So has its dogged rejection
of South African efforts to broker a negotiated end to the conflict.

The incongruity of the transformation is heightened by its having occurred
at precisely the time when Frelimo was making a substantial shift in its
economic development policies. Acknowledging past mistakes, government
leaders traveled the West seeking a political rapprochement and greater
economic involvement in Mozambique. Moves were made toward reducing
irrational. business restraints, subordinating political considerations

to economic demands, and launching joint development projects. The Nkomati
Accord, the culmination of those moves, also gave new impetus to the
reorientation toward the West.

There has been a reversal of roles. Today, it is RENAMO that is engaged
in a power struggle on behalf of sectional interests, and in cynical
disregard of the welfare of the. people against a government that has amply
demonstrated its desire to restore stability, promote economic development,
and cooperate actively with South Africa and the West.

cso: 3400/102

83



SIDA aided the center with teaching personnel and three schoolships, and
built a floating dock and an inclined plane for . alongside docking and
repair of boats. According to Sebastiao Makiadi, "this grant project

makes it possible to assess the reality of the cooperation." The technicians
of both countries meet annually to assess and program the activities of

the following year.

The agreement is for 3 years (1985-88) with prospects of extension up to

10 years, declared Makiadi. Cooperation in the area of craft-level fishing
extends to Ambriz, Luanda, Barra do Dande and Cabinda, and may even reach
Kwanza-Sul.

Bengo Fish Distribution

ANGOP learned from a reliable source that 345 tons of frozen fish were
recently distributed to consumers of Bengo Province by the provincial
delegation of the Ministry of Fisheries.

According to the same source, the lack of manpower and equipment is
hampering the distribution of this product in the provincial capital as
well as the municipalities. The delegation of the Ministry of Fisheries
in Bengo intends to institute new methods of control and sale of fish to
the population of Bengo Province as a means of overcoming that situation.

8711
CSO: 3442/245


Briefs
UK Signs Joint Venture Pact
GDR Education Agreement
Administrator Meets 'Ex-Bandits'
Chinese Aid
Italian Food Aid

NAMIBIA

Briefs
SWATF Reports SWAPO Casualties

NIGERIA

Briefs
Nigerianization of Swiss Companies
Victims To Be Compensated
Yugoslav Assistance Pledged
Comments on Ghana-Burkina Merger
Reduction in Army Urged
Rejoicing Over Numayri Overthrow
Japanese Research Boat Gift
Sycophantic Traditional Rulers Criticized
Comments on Aliens' Expulsion
Relations With Cameroon
Land Clash Killings, Arrests
Dikko Asylum Request Rejection
Full Membership in UNDP
Demonstrations at Ibadan Polytechnic
Naval Technical School

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Planning Secretary Hails Cooperation With Portugal
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 5 Apr 85)..ssescscecccccccccccccscece

Soviet Bases Reportedly Increasing on Islands
(DIE WELT, 12 Mar 85, No 60)..eseeseeee

Briefs
Joint Enterprises Created

SEYCHELLES

Briefs
New Saudi Ambassador Arrives

SOUTH AFRICA

P. W. Botha's Speech at Moria Assessed
(Percy Qoboza; CITY PRESS, 14 Apr 85)..ccsccccccccccsesees

-c+

37
37
37
38
38

39

40
40
40
40
4l
41
4l
42
42
42
42
43
43
43
43

44

45

47

49



JPRS-SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

CHINESE AID--The Chinese Red Cross Association gave a check for $20,000 for
repair work on power supply lines damaged by the recent storm that have dis-
rupted the supply of power to Maputo. The donation was handed over by (Deng
Cheng-Chen), Chinese dharge d'affaires, to Aranda da Silva, deputy chairman

of the commission for the prevention of and fight against natural disasters.
Aranda da Silva expressed thanks for the Chinese people's and government's
gesture and stressed the traditional relations between the two countries forged
since the national liberation armed struggle in Mozambique and consolidated
during our independence. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1700

GMT 8 May 85 MB]

ITALIAN FOOD AID--In Maputo today Mozambique and Italy signed accords on an
annual program on food aid in the context of cooperation between the two
countries. Italy will give our country 10,000 metric tons of rice, 400 metric
tons of sardines, 180 metric tons of cheese and 120 metric tons of processed
soup. Home Trade Minister Aranda‘ da Silva, who signed the accords for Mozam-
bique, praised our economic development. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in
Portuguese 1700 GMT 8 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/172

38



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER SAYS BOTHA MUST TALK WITH ALL BLACK LEADERS
MBO051058 Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 28 Apr 85 p 18
[Editorial: "A Fresh Start"]

[Text] Ever so tentatively President Botha is opening doors to a dialogue
with blacks.

His announcement of a restructured National Forum was part of this process.
So, too, was his dramatic encounter with two million black Christians at
Moria City.

There are many other indicators of his health determinations with Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi; the offer to free Nelson Mandela; the informal talks (hotly denied)
with the African National Congress; Foreign Minister Pik Botha's confrontation
with Bishop Desmond Tutu on the American TV programme, "Nightline," and the
consultations between government officials and the squatters of. Crossroads.

But the process is going to be difficult to maintain, for two reasons:

First, White Nationalism -has a credibility gap to fill, a gap that has develop-
ed over the years because of the government's refusal to deal with the "real"
leaders of Black Nationalism. Instead, it has pursued the homelands alterna-
tive and clung to the myth that a moderate middle-class will develop with whom
it will finally be able to reckon.

Second, the refusal to accept Black Nationalism has been manifest in a "divide-
and-rule" strategy that is paying all-too~successful dividends: black poli-
ticians are now so violently divided that the government can justifiably claim
that it does not know with whom to deal.

It is a bitter and tragic harvest that the country reaps.

So-called black moderates live in fear of their lives and many have been slain
by vengeful mobs. The very structure of the newly-created and relatively-
enlightened local government system is collapsing.

Even moderates who may believe that the contacts with the government. are
necessary fear being dubbed "sellouts" and shelter behind a careful distancing

69



ALTECH ON BRINK OF ENTERING U.S. MARKET

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Apr 85 p 8

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

{Text]

ALTECH, the’ reces-
sion-defying electro-
nics group, has two big
targets this year — to
buy a US electronics
company and to push
sales above Ri 000-mil-
lion. :

:_ Turnover in the year to
February was R410-million,
so chief executive Bill
Venter’s sales target hardly
lacks in ambition.

Mr Venter says that if ne-
gotiations for the purchase of
an electronics company in
the US succeed, the com)
will provide outlets for South
African electronic lucts.
Negotiations are at an ad-
vanced stage, and he is opti-
mistic that the deal will be
glosed by the third week in

y.

Scepticism
* Mr Venter says there is a
“reluctance in sophisticated
‘foreign markets to accept
South African high-tech pro-

“There is some scepticism
about whether a country on
the southernmost tip of
Aitica can Produce quality

igh-tech components.

“This is one of the main
reasons we are considering
acquisitions in the US. We
- want to provide a strong base

cso: 3400/93

of American outléts for our

“products, We will not try to
‘sell our products surrepti-
tiously — they will be sold
under the Altech brand.”

Altech has $50-million in
its pocket for its move into
the US, but Mr Venter: sa:
the acquisition under nee i-
ation will not require all the
money.

Altech’s results show it
will move into foreign mar-
‘kets off a strong base.

The company . increased
“turnover by 34% to R410-mil-
lion, and pre-tax ‘profit rose
26% to R78-million.

‘The results were achieved
in spite of a R10-million in-
crease in tax payments and
deferred orders of R50-mil-

lion.

With R84-million in the
bank, Altech has cash enough
toex) in the current year,

and Venter says it plans
‘to open its fibre optic draw-
ing and cable facility this
year.

Saving

Although Reunert’s Afri-
‘ean Telephone Cables stole
; the lead by putting its fibre
; optic manufacturing facility
‘into production early this

year, Altech’s acquisition of
: Aberdare Cables could give
<{ the company a boost. Aber-

(dare has links with Philips, |

78

ers of fibre optic products.

The Altron group's cable
interests — Aberdare, Scot-
tish Cables and Asea — will
sell R230-million worth of
products this year, about 40%
of the SA market.

The cable companies will
experience considerable
rationalisation this year and
Mr Venter expects to save
R1,5-million as a result.

The cable industry is fac-
ing considerable over capa-
city, largely Rarove’ of

imping from and
the Far East.

SA cable manufacturers
are required by legislation to
su] port SA industries for

and copper, and regulat-

ed prices in these industries

jresult in the cable manufac-

i turers paying far more for

raw materials than their in-
j ternational competitors.

' “This makes it almost im-

possible for us to compete
with imports,” says Mr
i Venter.

‘ one of the world’s top suppli-"

JPRS~SSA~85-~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


212211
JPRS-SSA-85-043

24 May 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

ene QUALITY WISPECiny &

- 49980204 121

as

|

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
URIRHONAL TECHNICAL (CoeRmoTION STATE”)

TISTRETOTTON STATE
INFORMATION SERVICE | ed for public reledse;
NOR gts | Aer Unltd. 2



WHITES, BLACKS JOIN FORCES IN WAGE DEMANDS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 pl

{Article by Amrit Manga]

[Text]

iTRADE unions have
crossed the colour bar,
with black and. white
workers presenting a
united front for th
first time. :

‘An umbrella body, the In-
ternational Metal Workers
Federation, which represents
black and white trade unions,
has presented a proposal for
members’ 1985 wage in-
creases.

It represents’ members
ranging from the once
strongly right-wing all-white
Boilermakers Society
through to the black con-
sciousness Steel, Engineering
and Allied Workers Union.

Dispute

The demand is for in-
creases of from 36% to 102%.
‘The federation and 10 oth-
er unions have declared a dis-
pute with 45 employer associ-
ations belonging to the
werful Steel and Engineer-

g Industries Federation of
°SA (Seifsa). About 320 000
workers will be affected by
the outcome of the dispute.
The employers have called
for a wage freeze in an at-
tempt to preserve jobs. They
argue that in the past three
years more than 80 000 work-
ers have been laid off in this
sector. If they are forced to
;Meet union demands, they

cso: 3400/93

will be forced to retrench.
more workers.

‘The steel and engineering
sector is one of the hardest
hit by the economic reces-

ion.
The dispute was declared
on the first day of the negoti-
ations. In spite of employer
iworries about more job
losses, worker representa-
‘tives are undeterred.

Doubling

Before negotiations start-
ed, the entire labour force at
Siemens Cable Company in
Pretoria stopped work when
management allegedly re-
fused shop stewards trans-
port to the wage talks.

‘The unions demand a minl-
mum wage of R3,50 an hour,
which would mean doubling
the remuneration receiv
by less skilled workers. Arti-
sans want their minimum to
be raised by 36% to R653 an

our.

104

It is claimed that the de-
mands are not excessive as
these minimum wages are al-
ready being paid in many
other sectors of the economy.

Trade unions want a 40-
hour week with no loss of
pay. Current working weeks
ranging from 45 to 50 hours.

‘The unions have included a
request that employers in-
crease their contribution to
the pension fund to 12% and
that this money be invested
in family housing.

Because of retrenchments,
the unions have demanded
that severance benefits be in-
creased to one month’s pay
for every year of service.

party to the negotia-

tions, but acting independent-
ly of other bodies, is the
Hah vng Confederation of
fetal and Building Unions
(CMBU) made up of about 10
unions. It: is demanding in-
creases of between 20% and

= 45%.

JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


GHANA

Airstrips To Be Rehabilitated
(Debrah Flynn; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 1 Apr 85)..ecesesee

Briefs :
Trunk Road To Be Rehabilitated

GUINEA

Mass Return of Refugees Creates Problems
(Lucien Houedanou; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 27 Mar-2 Apr 85)...

Soviet Trade Union Delegation Visit, Cooperation Discussed
(Mamady Wasco Keita; HOROYA, 21, 23 Mar 85)...cccccccvcees

Outline of Visit
Issues Discussed

Offensive Against Gold, Precious Gem Traffickers Intensify
(HOROYA, 23 Mar 85)ecccccceccccccccccvccsccscecsecescecees

IVORY COAST

Briefs
Graduation at Police Academy

KENYA

Economic, Demographic, Military Problems Threaten Stability
(Dietrich Strothmann; DIE ZEIT, 29 Mar 85)..seccsceeeccees

LESOTHO
Briefs
Fao Official Visiting
Information Minister Returns
Danish Agricultural Aid
MADAGASCAR

Ratsiraka on Regional Questions
(LE MONDE, 23 Mar 85).ccccecccceece

MOZAMBIQUE

Debts Owed Portuguese Firms To Be Paid by Banks
(EXPRESSO, 5 Apr 85).ccceeeese

Pree eee eee Terre rere eee

Relation of Socialist Economy to Western Trade Analyzed
(TEMPO, 5 Apr 85).cccscccccccccccccvccccccccccevccssccenes

~b-

10

11

12
16
16
17

19

21

22

27
27
27

28

31

33


JERS-SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA _

SURVEY SHOWS WHITE PESSIMISM PREVALENT

Johannesburg SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Apr 85. p 6

[Article by Jean Waite]

[Text]

“WHEN it comes to looking on

‘the bright side, white South -

Africans are bottom of the
heap.

According to an internation-

: al Gallup Poll conducted by the
Markinor Group, we are among
the world’s most pessimistic
people.

More than half those polled
in South Africa believe that in
10 years’ time the world will
be a worse place to live in than
now. Only the Japanese share
this vision of gloom.

A mere handful of us (13 per-
cent) are looking forward to a
brighter future.

Afrikaans-speaking whites -

(56 percent) are slightly more
pessimistic than English-speak-
: ers (49 percent) that the world
‘ situation will worsen in the
next decade.

Women have the edge in the
gloom stakes, with only 10 per-
cent expecting life to get better
— as opposed to 15 percent of

‘men.

“And it seems the younger or.
older we are, the more despon-
dent we become.

_ -Those in the 16-24 age

cso: 3400/93

Biecrin

levene crvaer

WHAT DO YOU THINK? This is how South Africans shape

up in the pessimism stakes. They were asked

whether

the world would be a better or a worse place in 10
. years.

group and the 50—plus age
group are the most pessimistic.

The poll was conducted in 16
different countries during Jan-
uary, February and March this

year.
On an international level, the

* British, Australians and Brazil- .

ians have the gloomiest. feel-
ings of all, with more than
40 percent expecting the world
situation to get worse.

At the other end of the spec-
trum are Greece, Argentina

105

and Uruguay, where the exact
‘same percentage of the popula-
tions expects conditions to im-

prove. :

The United States is sitting
on the fence with 30 percent of
its citizens expecting world
conditions to deteriorate and
the same percentage looking
forward to an improvement.

Hollanders also refuse to
take a stand, with 53 percent
thinking things will probably
stay the same.



The interdependence - the "as I do unto you so you do unto me"- is also
similar between the head of state and the real power factor in Kenya: the
army. The generals, in the great majority, belong to Moi's tribe. Moi soon
wants to elect his devoted chief of staff, who is due for retirement, to
minister of defense, the first one in the almost 20-year history of
independent Kenya (for the time being, the president himself is still the top
leader of the army). Daniel Arap Moi, after the unsuccessful revolt, provided
for discipline and loyalty within the officer corps with generous gifts:
large farms, shares in companies, villas, import businesses, and limousines.
For the enlisted personnel he provided, to say the least, new and better
private apartments and tax-free purchase of whisky. Arap Moi, like Daniel in
the Kenyan lion's den, keeps the peace in a population that is quick to rebel
and inclined to make trouble by providing low food prices. In the same way, he
recently got himself a reprieve by keeping a huge crowd of graduates in school
an extra year. This is the way he keeps the military in ckeck - by clever and

cunning demonstrations of trust.

How long will that work?. How long will Daniel Arap Moi's lid stay on the
boiling Kenyan pot? It went very fast in August 1982 -completely unexpected.
At that time the coup almost would have succeeded if it had. been better
organized, and if more units had joined in. At that time the young rebelling
officers had already taken possession of the radio station and of the place of
honor at Kenyatta's tomb.

However, the army is not the only latently unstable factor for. the president.
His power seems in fact truly boundless, but his life is being continously and
carefully protected by body guards. There is already a rumor being spread that
Moi, the non-smoker and non-drinker, is drowning his fear in alcohol and is
not sleeping at night. Even the students he wanted to bring to their senses
with brute force cannot be gagged in the long run. Only last week, as an act
of protest against the president, they openly burned their uniforms in which
they were supposed to turn out for a three-month "social service" in their

villages.

And the armies of people in the slums? Three hundred thousand alone vegetate
in two large camps on Nairobi's city boundary, close to districts of well-to-
do citizens. And the army of the unemployed, the roving, stealing youths?
And finally the Kikujus who as "Kenya's Prussians" once sat at the reins of
polities and economy: the envious "blacks" opposite the sated "greedy browns"
- the Asiatic fellow citizens? Day after day on his trips across his land
Daniel Arap Moi preaches to them that all are. "wanachi" ="brothers",
"citizens"; and he brandishes the presidential symbol, his "grungo", as
eonfirmation of his "fatherly" promise. This is the de luxe model of that
club with which the Masai herdsmen protect their cows and goats from the’ wild
animals.’ However, who will protect the president when it comes down to the
bottom line? If that came to pass his club would soon lie in the dust. It ‘is
really only a barren symbol of his strength. .

12521
csO: 3420/49

26



The police then, aren is ide.
But have

* the March 21 shoot-
+ ngs shifted the delicate balance
‘between Mr le Grange’s minis-
terial worth measured against his
i undoubted political Habilities?

Et gy ible — but un-
asa PeaTs Possible — but

; Commission
thus have revealed a
startlin; difference | between
‘some police eyewit

and the version Mr le Grange told
‘Mr le Grange has claimed ont’
‘thing while his police have done,

‘The inquest revealed
that

the protestations

to Parliament about the rights of
1 : 1
‘Then, at a time when the Gov

“ernment was its new la-
Crane, the Eastern
mobilise employers :
-seab labour forces to break a
gal trade union. 2
*. “Minister le Grange admitted to:
the campaign in Parliament, but-
put it down to “over-zealousness””
on the part of a police-captain. —
Government speakers = 8s re-
cently as the snap parliamentary
debate on_ the Crees vio-
-lence on Febuary — empha-
sised the police’s commitment to
.Zainimum force in handling un:

of

if

'to Parliament. - "
‘It would not be the first time.

Police evidence at the Langa Commission has
revealed the Uitenhage units were not issued basic
riot’ control equipment after. March 15. .

In a confrontation they could not have used minimum ;
force even if they had wanted to.

Then it should also be remembered it was Mr le
Grange's police in SWA-Namibia who arrested 37
Swapo supporters at a braaivleis on Roman Catholic
property the night before Prime Minister Botha was
to see the Pope. .

The response of Department of Foreign Affairs types
standing on St Peter's Square when the news of the
arrests first came through was instructive: "Not
again."

When later asked by this reporter if the arrests had
been a ploy by some of his men to embarrass the
Prime Minister, Mr le Grange denied it.

The Nettle PW Must Grasp
"My men would never do a thing like that," he said.

But it was also Mr le Grange's men who launched dawn
raids on UCT students last month in connection with
a minor illegal demonstration held four months
before.

News of the raids--they were first described as
detentions--hit the desks of senior Foreign Affairs
men as they were putting the finishing touches to
Kurt von Schirnding's speech to the United Nations
Security Council that night on a motion condemning
South Africa's civil rights record.

The South African Police are framed by the political
order they serve. But in a way they also help
shape that order.

Through decades the security services have acted
clandestinely against subversive elements, to the
point where a senior police security officer can
now openly admit that the police would engage in
disinformation against a person they considered
subversive.

$So.it is not surprising that the police have
developed their own political persona--a character
that appears basically reactionary and strongly
conservative.

85



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY DISCUSSES ROLE OF ANC IN UNREST

MB301652 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 30 Apr 85

{Station commentary: "The ANC"]

[Text] The nature of the ANC terrorist organization's activities in

South Africa has been spelled out by the country's minister of law and
order, Mr Louis le Grange, and there can be no doubt that for any government,
they would be intolerable.

Quoting from a broadcast on Radio Freedom in February, the minister said
that the ANC had urged the black population of South Africa to make petrol
bombs and other explosive devices, to buy or steal firearms, and to kill
so-called collaborators of black councils, informers, and members of the
police and defense force living in black ‘areas. The organization had also
called for the sabotaging of industries and farms. Urging the black
population to make itself uncontrollable and ungovernable, the organization
had said that mass protests were not enough, and that action should take
the form of civil war.

These being the openly declared aims of the ANC, it is both the duty and
the responsibility of the South African security forces to take whatever
action is necessary to counter the threat.

For many years now, it has been the declared aim of the ANC and the South
Africa Communist Party--the two organizations being one and the same thing--
to overthrow the government by force. All attempts by the government to
persuade the ANC to stop its terrorist activities have failed.

An offer made to ANC leader Nelson Mandela that he would be released from
prison if he renounced violence was also turned down. Some time ago

the ANC let it be known that it was not prepared to negotiate until the
level of violence in South Africa had reached what it was in Rhodesia
prior to the Lancaster House talks on Zimbabwean independence.

Since September last year, 216 black people and 1 white person have been
killed in unrest in the country, and there have been millions of rands'

worth of damage caused to property. Certain radical elements have taken
the law into their own hands, and intimidation of black moderate leaders



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

REFUSAL TO SWANU GROUP--The secretary of the Botswana department of foreign
affairs, Mr G. G. Garibowano, says he has no knowledge of the refusal by his
government to allow a delegation of the South-West Africa National Union

[SWANU] to visit Botswana. The president of SWANU, Mr Moses Katjiuongua,

criticized the Botswana Government at a news conference in Windhoek, South-
West Africa/Namibia, on Thursday because a delegation of his party had been
refused permission to visit Botswana last week. Mr Garibowano told Radio

RSA's correspondent in Windhoek by telephone that while he did not have all
the facts, the problem was probably caused by administrative problems at the
border post. [Text] [Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT

4 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/155


Having covered the Moria City annual jaunt for many years, there was something
nissing.

You see, the folk down there don't show their delight at what is said by
clapping hands only.

They always--but always--show it by vociforous ululating. And the shrills
add to the aura of the proceedings.

But nobody ululated. It was a deafening clapping of hands.
Anyhow, don't mind me. It's just my suspicious mind in action.

Now look at the bright side. Since PW addressed a real black audience and the
heavens did not fall in, he can now confidently take the bull by the horns and
move to Polismoor jail and talk to Nelson Mandela.

He has my assurance that a Mandela in a prison cell is worth three million
clapping Zionists.

After all, many South Africans did not miss PW's plea: "Let us begin to talk
to each other."

Indeed, let us.

It's for him now to transform good intentions into practical action. This
country, now more than ever before, is crying out for a message~-and action--
of hope. .

The SABC--save their blundering souls--reported with glee this week how a US
newspaper editor announced on American television that Bishop Desmond Tutu did
not have a constituency among black people in South Africa.

Now how would an American editor have that type of information? I rather
suspect he has been having too many lunches at the South African embassy in

Washington.

What he--and so many people who think like him--fail to understand, is that
the bishop is not in the popularity stakes.

He is a man anointed as a minister of the church, with a religious mission to
perform.

His constituency is God's children, who he was elected to serve.

When he makes the pronouncements based on moral principles, he must not be
seen as making political statements--but rather as giving moral judgments on

political issues.

Far too many people treat Bishop Tutu as if he was a politician with intense
political ambitions. .

50



AFRIKANER, BLACK NATIONALIST CRISIS REVIEWED

Growing Opposition

JPRS~SSA~85-043

24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Apr 85 p 14

[Article by Alan Paton:
[Text]

“THEY write to me from the
“United States, they come to see
me, they call me long-distance.
Some of them are my friends
and they are anxious about me
and my family. They want to
know if the country is blowing

up. : }
Phy do the police kill so many
black people? Is it civil war? Is

this the end? Is this the revolu- ©

tion?

T hope that some of them will
read these words. They are not
meant to disturb nor to reassure.
They are meant to state the plain
and simple truth as seen by one
who has lived in this strange
country for 82 years, who belongs

_to no party, who holds no ideolo-
gy, who doesn’t believe in Utopia,
who holds firm beliefs about the
Tule of law and the total freedom
of the citizen under the law.

At the moment our country
is in a hell of a mess. °

This mess is physically, en-
countered in what are called the
black townships. The black peo-

le who live there work in the

“factories, the offices, the shops,
of the white towns.

Their relations with white peo.
ple are often good. But they hate

e laws that control their lives
with a bitter hatred. Their chil-
dren hate these laws more than

_ ‘their parents. They show their |

"We're in a Hell of a Mess"

‘hatred by stoning and burning
buses, schools, shops.

In recent months their hatred
shas been directed against what is
iealled “the establishment”, and.
‘against anyone who works for
the establishment..In some black
townships the life of a black po-
liceman is in danger. .

‘These hated laws are the laws
of ay |. But more profound-
ye are the laws of conquest,

laws made by the conqueror
for the conquered. This means, in
effect, the laws made by the
whites for the blacks.

These laws control movement,
work, place of residence, and
oor tuey affect innamérale. a

ey white peop!
only minimally. Very few white
people have to enter black areas
to work; most black people have
. to enter white areas to work.
Black people experience an
amount of police surveillance un-
known to the vast majority of
white people.

In 1960 (Sharpeville), in 1976
Sowsto) and now in 1985 (Uiten-

age), black people came into
conflict with the police, and
many died. |

Nineteen recently died in
Uitenhage, when a small number
of police confronted some thou-

, sands of blacks who refused to

92

halt their procession. If the
Uitenhage incident had been iso-
lated, it would not have attracted
world attention, but it was only
one of many. We appear to be
entering a period of endemic un-
rest with violence. The country is

“in a state of deep depression.
} Our State President, Mr PW
‘Botha, has apy an ‘urgent
In ‘into -the
‘Uitenhage’ shootings, headed by
an eminent judge. The President
‘would like the sub judice rule to
‘operate, the Speaker says it does

I shall content myself by say-
ing that the training of our volice
-in riot duties leaves a great deal
to be desired, and secondly, that
‘the selection process for police
‘candidates is equally defective.
the last century there
was a long series of frontier
‘wars between trekkers
joing north, and African tribes.
an coming south. The me-
jmories of those wars lies deep in
. the Afrikaner mind, and some of
‘our white policemen think: they

i

- are still fighting them.

I shall close with one last ob-
“servation: the civil control of the
police, that is the control exer-
,cised by the Minister of Law and
Order, (formerly Justice), during
; the greater part of my lifetime,
‘has also left much to be desired.



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

"SOUTH AFRICA

TRAINING OF RIOT SQUADS IN SOWETO ALLEGED
Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 31 Mar 85 p 3
{Article by Mudini Maivha]

[Text] A total of.117 recruits for the controversial township "riot squads"
for various councils are being trained by the SA Police at a base in Soweto,

Training at the Tladi base started on January 18, and the recruits will pass
out on May 15.

The township police, to be known as law enforcement officers after their
training, may affect the SAP's manpower. With salaries described as "slightly
higher" for the council cops, the SAP may find itself losing staff.

Law and Order Minister Louis le Grange's public relations office did not give
CITY PRESS details of police salaries to compare with those offered by the
councils because of Government policy.

The Dobsonville and Alexandra town councils are offering lucrative salaries
for constables, sergeants, senior sergeants and warrant officers.

The breakdown will be constables: R2,691-R7,470 a year, sergeants: R6,846-
R11,460, senior sergeants: R11,460-R16,020 and warrant officers: R15,450-
R18, 288.

At the end of the year they will receive a 12 percent. increase.

"The salaries. are slightly higher than those paid by the SAP," said Dobson-
ville town clerk Anton Kuhn.

Diepmeadow has 26 men in training, but will need an overall force of 106 men.
The Kagiso council has sent six men, and Dobsonville needs a complete staff
of 55.

But council spokesmen and West Rand Development Board chairman John Knoetze
said the officers will have the basic duty of "enforcing law and order."

They will not be "riot squads", as residents have termed them, he said.

val



of Paris always involves not only the resolution of back payment problems, but
also the creation of a certain ‘oxygen tank' through new financing," a
domestic source told EXPRESSO.

It will be remembered that Mozambique has already asked for acceptance by the
International Monetary Fund, and the last news bulletin from that multilateral
institution ineluded a long report on the analysis of the Mozambican economy
undertaken by an International Monetary Fund mission which visited Maputo
recently.

5157
cso: 3442/251

32


UJPRS-SSA-~85~043
24 May 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

PLANNING SECRETARY HAILS COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Apr 85 p 3

{Text] Sao Tome and Principe Minister of Plan Agostinho Rita ended his
official visit to our country yesterday. During his stay he outlined the new
economic coordinates of his government and had meetings with Portuguese
businessmen.

Also yesterday Agostinho Rita met with Secretary of State for Treasury Antonio
de Almeida. The Sao Tomean official defended intensified cooperation between
the two countries, indicating the total readiness of his government in this
connection, since there are "mutual benefits." In the talks he had day before
yesterday with Secretary of State for Cooperation Eduardo Ambar, the Sao
Tomean government leader stressed the fact that his country is emphasizing the
role of private business, and he defined the farm and industrial sectors and
the transportation and tourist infrastructures as priority areas for foreign
investments.

Other important sectors, such as domestic and foreign trade, traditional
fishing and the hotel and food industries were mentioned by Agostinho Rita.

These goals were also set forth during a meeting with the Portuguese
Industrial Association (AIP). Among other aspects, Agostinho Rita discussed
the installation of industrial units and the attractions Sao Tome offers for
Portuguese investors.

The Sao Tomean planning official emphasized his country's interest in
Portuguese investments, for reasons having to do with the atmosphere of
confidence and cordiality based on historic links and the common language. In
addition to this, he explained, there is increased interest because of
Portugal's entry into the EEC.

5157
CSO: = 3442/251

44



JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SWAZILAND

QUEEN WARNS DISSIDENTS 'WILL NEVER SUCCEED"
MB290830 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 29 Apr 85 p 1

[Excerpt] Dissidents who are bent on overthrowing the government will never
succeed, the Queen Regent Ntombi has assured the nation.

"When the wicked and my enemies came upon me to eat my flesh they stumbled
and fell," the Queen Regent said, quoting a verse from Psalm 27.

Speaking during a national prayer service at Lobamba Interdenominational
Church, the Queen Regent said if a "dark cloud" of discontent by people
opposed to the leadership occurs in the future, the nation should come
together in prayer.

However, Prince Mahlalengangeni, who was among the preachers during the
national prayer ceremony, said most prophets and priests would like to please
by not telling the truth.

"I say this country is not under any dark cloud because if that were so we
wouldn't be talking to each other today," he added.

He said by saying this he did not mean to encourage dissidents with evil
intentions.

"Those who are responsible for this 'dark cloud' should be called and talked
to so that we can avoid the destruction of this country," he said.

Mr Moses Mkoko of Mafutseni, who was among those summoned by the Queen Regent
following the prophecy of the dark cloud, called upon the leadership of the
country to be united so that dissidents would not penetrate the royal house-
hold.

"The nation might be united but if the leadership is not, there is no way we
can avoid the tide of wickedness," he said.

cso: 3400/92

113



JPRS~SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

P. W. BOTHA'S SPEECH AT MORIA ASSESSED

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 14 Apr 85 p 4

[Article by Percy Qoboza: "And Now, Why Not Take the PW to the Prison?"]
[Text] Come on, don't be despondent, I thoroughly enjoyed the Moria show,
It's clear that while PW Botha's body was towering before all those millions
in the sweltering heat, his soul was wandering off somewhere in Washington
and London--showing all those non-believers that he has his act together with
black people in this country.

And what a show it turned out to be.

Being conscious of the old tradition of the "yolk" not to indulge in politi-
cal tantrums on the Sabbath, PW kept it all on the brotherly love trail.

It was not a bad attempt--considering the temptations of using the platform
to advance some well-known causes.

With the generosity to supply PW with the exciting platform, young Barnabas
Lekganyane carried on a family tradition of enchanting the SABC, which has
been ecstatic over the whole affair.

But then the show had its light moments, if you were observant.

The clapping of hands every time a sentence was completed had an unreal air
around it. Sometimes the clapping came before the sentence was even com-
pleted.

You may have noticed that this led to embarrassing moments. At one stage, it
seemed PW was taken aback when he said: "I want to give you this assurance
today..."

Before the assurance was spelt out, the clapping resounded!

I am not suggesting that the clapping of hands was stage-managed, but it all
just looked so much like a fairy tale.

Another observation.

49



| gprs-ssa~85-043
24 May 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

SOVIET BASES REPORTEDLY INCREASING ON ISLANDS
Bonn DIE WELT ‘in.German 12 Mar 85 No 60 p 8

{Article: "A New Base for the Soviets in Africa: Moscow Strengthens the Sao
Tome and Principe Archipelago"]

[Text] The rumors that have been circulating for a year of a build-up of the
former Portuguese islands of Sao Tome and Principe on the western coast of
Africa have been now confirmed by Western intelligence services. Some time
ago, the well-informed AIDA PARKER NEWSLETTER of Johannesburg reported the
details of this strategically important new Soviet base. As early as the
Falkland war in 1982 they monitored the entire South Atlantic and kept it
under surveillance from there. The Pentagon, as well as the military circles
in Pretoria, is watching the build-up of military installations and the
increasing number of Eastern Bloc advisers on the islands with increasing
uneasiness. The islands are roughly 960 kilometers away from Angola.

The continuous military successes of UNITA in Angola constitute a serious
danger for the Soviet supply bases in Luanda. As a counterbalance, according
to Western sources, Moscow is now building a radar station on Mont Cafe on
Sao Tome that is manned exclusively by Soviets. At the same time reports are
being examined about the numerous natural bays being expanded for Soviet
submarine bases. The number of Eastern Bloc advisers on both islands is
estimated to be between 2,000 and 3,000 men, of whom about 300 are Russians, _
roughly 1,000 are Cubans (who are being trained for the protection of the
Angolan Cabinda oil enclave and are being regularly replaced), approximately
700 are East Germans, with a smaller number of North Koreans as well. They are
training Angolan special units, who are barely 4,000 men strong. Moreover,
there are supposed to be some Poles on the islands as well, acting as
agricultural advisers.

Replacement for Luanda

In case the Angolan UNITA resistance movement should succeed in eapturing
Luanda or if, through diplomatic negotiations between the U.S. and South
Africa, there should be a favorable solution to the Namibian question for the
West or if, for instance, the Dos Santos government in Angola ‘should move away
from its course loyal to Moscow, the Kremlin would lose an important logistics
port from which that monitors the southern Atlantic. During the Falkland war,

45



The proposed centre will have the’

” primary function of educating and in-
teresting the public, particularly our
youth, in science and technology
while simultaneously’ entertaining
them and exploiting natural human.
curiosity. Exhibits, which the com-
mittee hopes will be designed and
built by industry, will be rotated:‘on
a regular basis and will be relevant to
school curricula, Although the pro-
posed centre will contain ‘historical
and classical elements associated with.
the traditionally accepted concept of

_a museum, the intention is to estab-_
lish a living workshop where great’

achievements in science and tech-
nology can be highlighted. Exhibits
will stimulate, motivate and ultimate-
ly educate visitors in pure science,
applied technology, medicine and
agriculture. Scientific endeavour,
past, present and future, will be
presented in a lively and down-to-
earth manner with emphasis on par-
ticipation by the public.

Students in the Department of
Architecture at the University of the
Witwatersrand have been given a
brief to produce ideas for the centre
as a design project. It is likely a series
of themes will be displayed, each
theme telling the story of the science
and technology involved in a parti-
cular industry or field of knowledge.
There may, for example, be a science.
hall of exhibits in the academic
disciplines, from physics to botany,.
chemistry, geology, zoology and the
metallurgical sciences. Displays in an
applied sciences hall would range
over transportation, electronics, tele-
vision, photographs and communica-

itions, _among other topics. South

cso: 3400/93

;Africa’s celebrated scientists and

engineers would be honoured in a hall
of the famous where particular mile-
stones in science and technology will
be highlighted. Changing and up-
dating of exhibits would encourage
repeat visits from the public: It is
visualised that groups of students
could conduct experiments under the
supervision of trained instructors and
that. manufacturing facilities on a
modest scale may be set up in
specialised laboratories.

The size of the centre will obvious-
ly depend on the funds available. To
establish some 17 000 m? of facilities,
as is proposed, an investment of from
R30 to R40 million might be needed.
The project could be divided into par-
ticipation ‘packages’ and promoted
to the private sector in one major
drive. South African industry could
regard the proposed centre as an op-
portunity not only for promoting its
own interests but also for exerting a
much needed educational influence
on. our school-going population.
Further benefits to participants will

include market visibility, naming;

rights, product launching, and low
cost venues for functions.

7h



LE GRANGE'S POLITICAL SURVIVABILITY EXAMINED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 p 15

[Article by Brian Pottinger:

Already) Stay Aloft?

[Text]

IN political quarters he
is known as the Cabi-
net’s Red Baron — shot
-up countless ‘times but
still flying. .

Mr Louis le Grange, Mini
ter of Law and Order, a keen
competitive marksman
‘might once have appreciated
the allusion.

‘But- not now. Not after.a
d of his police killed 19 peo- ©

Sharpe-

‘ple in Ui e in the
fille 25th atid shootings,
erel we
bora Are iuinster’s six-year
+etThe spectiation in Opposition
5 ion ion
circles aiong Parliament Street
is that the Minister might final- ‘
ly be grounded. .

But will he? And the next
estion — it follows as natural- '

as tearsmoke the stones — is
who could then control the
+46 000-strong police force which
is itself at the centre of a politi-
re Gt e’s roll of politi:
Ti ’s roll of politi- :

cally inept statements is 9» long
it is we to recount. ‘.
om is a privilege;

on
: ; the ter is not re-
: sponsible for police actions. ~

; . Why has short-fused” Presi-:

ident retained the services
of Mr le Grange through four
Cabinet reshuffles? Three rea-
sgons suggest themselves.
Firstly, the National Party
; Government has a pathologic
‘fear of buckling to pressure.
i. Historically, ‘it never fires
Ministers who are themselves
under fire. Unless of course it is
part of an internal party politi-

‘eal squabble or smacks of cor--

ruption.

> The ig are on Mr le
orange ae

_ “Secondly, the hard truth is that
‘most * white South Africans like

“tough Law and Order. Ministers.

1 -B J Vorster was one. So was
: And so is Mr

-* One MP ar the suspen-

‘sion of two. black policemen
allegedly caught red-handed by.,

84

, Grange.
"The has been emy

in debate, ‘The
Conservative bas called for _
‘tougher ‘police:

JPRS-SSA-~85-043

24 May 1985

“SOUTH AFRICA

"Can the Red Baron (Shot up so Many Times
Yes, Well, Almost Certainly, But..."]

‘ PFP MPCs beating up a Siispect
It was

?

i
Hl
aa

, Ne are
i
5
t
i

i
i
g


JPRS~SSA-85~043
; 24 May 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

SWATF REPORTS SWAPO CASUALTIES--The security forces in northern South-West
Africa/Namibia have killed 11 SWAPO terrorists in skirmishes in the past 2
weeks: The officer commanding the SWATF, Major General George Meiring, said
the security forces had suffered no losses. Gen Meiring said in a statement
to Radio RSA that there had been a clear decrease in SWAPO activities in the
past 2 weeks. He also said it seemed SWAPO was scaling down its annual rainy
season offensive. Gen Meiring said SWAPO insurgents were still being encoun-
tered in the operational area, but the security forces were achieving major
successes in action against them. He said that since the beginning of the
year, 249 SWAPO terrorists have been killed. [Text] [Johannesburg Inter-
national Service in English 0630 GMT 26 Apr 85 MB]

cso: 3400/92

39


LEVY ON SASOL SCRAPPED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Apr 85 p 7

[Text]

aE Government has de
cided ni proceed wit
‘its special temporary levy

on producers of synthetic

fuel.

The levy, announced
the Minister of Finance, Mr
Barend Du Plessis, in his

Budget speech on March 18,
had been expected to earn
the Government an extra
R70m in the 1985-86 finan-
cial year.

In announcing the pro-

posed levy, Mr Du Plessis
Said syntictie oil-from-coal

cso: 3400/93

. with the com

“Producers were in a_par-
7 ly favourable posi-
tion’ because‘ of the rand-
dollar rate and shar;

in imported fuel
ices. .

, He. believed synthetic
fuel Producers should be
expected ea greater
eae oat
P ag 1po-
rary. levy to imposed on
these coe anies, details of
which would be tiated
an

embodied in a formal tax-
ation proposal to be tabled

In a statement yester-”

day, however, Sasol  an-
not Government
had decided not to go ahead
with the levy.

The statement said: “Sa-
sol has been authorised to
announce that the Govern-
ment has decided not to
the imple-
mentation of the special

levy on
See es
Proposed in the Budget

Sasol spokesmen

later
refused to comment further‘
on the statement...  _..

109

JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA- 85-043

24 May 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Multinationals Prepare for Oil Search in Bast Africa
(Michael Andres; AFP, 3 May 85).scseceeeseceecceereeeccess

ANGOLA

Swedish Aid to Fishing Industry Increases
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Mar 85).. ab en cece eect encenceees

Briefs
UNITA Attacks Lunda Convoy
UNITA Kills 43 MPLA
68 MPLA Soldiers Killed
Official Delivers Dos Santos Message
Goods Confiscation From Zambia Poachers
New Envoy to Portugal
BPV Membership Tacreases
WwW IL Commemoration
Mubarak Message to Dos Santos
80 Government Troops Killed in Cuanza

BOTSWANA

Briefs
Refusal to SWANU Group

CHAD

Briefs
Bardai Disputes Defection

SWUDKDAUUUUY



derly way, three policy ini-"

tiatives are necessary:

@ A new urban policy in the
“white” urban areas,

@A progressive relaxation
and the eventual abolition
of influx contro}.

@ Aggressive family plan-
ning programmes.

Th the immediate future.

“the first will be the most im-

it to set the necessary

pattern for future develop-
ments,

Why a new urban policy?

Because South Africa actu-
ally needs a dual urban poli-
cy —one for the modern part
and another for the informal
part of the “white” urban
areas,

Let us call them the
“pright” (modern) and “grey”
parts of the urban areas.

In the “bright” parts, typi-
cal western rules and regula-
tions could be applied, while

in the they
should be abolished almost

to create lebens- .

entirely
taum for the informal sec-
tor to evolve.

In the “bright” areas a con-
suited wife ithe grey”

uired, w

areas lajssez-faire will bede-
‘sirable.

Only minimum
facilities

In the “grey” areas Gov-
ernment must supply only

- minimum community facili-
juatters’

into
The site-and-service
stands and the other develop-
ments in Khayelitsha appear
jing. It could set the
pattern, for orderly black ur-

ition.
Given that up to 40 percent
of blacks resid in “white”
urban areas will have to find
their livelihood in the infor-

will never meet.
. Parts of the informal sec-
tor may gradually be inte:

cso: 3400/93

grated with the modern sec-

tor,
But most of this informal
sector will remain and

:“grow” according to its own.

pace, rhythm, “laws”, “ille-
gality”, “poverty values”,
and its own concept of wealth
and welfare.

‘As perceived by the mid-
die-class in the modern sec-
tor, the “grey” areas will ap-
pear untidy, unhealthy, and
even “unacceptable” — but
they will simply have to get
accustomed to the reali
of Third World standards.

‘The two economies will be :

complementary insofar as
‘the informal sector preys on
the modern sector.

‘In other respects, the two

sectors will also be in con-"

flict, because many vested
interests will be endangered.

‘The existing First World
regulations operate as a
form of structural apartheid
— they keep some people
“in” and protected, and
others “out” and unprotected.

+ To ‘abolish these regula-
tions will not be easy.

Moreover, measures to.
create a proper environment
aisle oppeced i te agit
also be opposed if the 7
est danger exists that it may
harm economic growth.

But If such an environment
creates more welfare in the
informal sector than it de-
stroys in the modern sector,
there is no reason why it
should not be brought about.

It will, however, be diffi-
cult to convince western-ori-
entated economists that un-
der certain conditions it may

‘be justifiable to sacrifice

measurable economic
th in the modern sector

‘the sake of unmeasurable
welfare in the informal sec-

‘Will the Government
the full length towards
creation of two economies? I
am not too optimistic.

White South Africans are
too bourgeois to appreciate:
the opportunities and the
welfare that can be created
by blacks in their own infor-
mal sector activities.

102

Too colonial
British

On the one hand we (the
whites) are too British, per-
haps too colonial British. We
want to control as many
things as possible.

‘On the other, we are too
calvinistically inclined: be-
cause we prefer to organise
our lives so that ever is

_ predictable.

Perhaps we need a more
Latin mentality.

Italy and the Latin Ameri-
can countries are excellent
examples where informal
tes enst and prosper slong

exist and prosper along-
side each other. 1 p *
le have a very long way to
go before we will understand
these attitudes.

When the Afrikaners were
ina process of forced urbani-
sation, their ingenuity res-
cued them. It was expressed
as “’n Boer maak’n plan”. *

We are now: pressurised to
a “plan”, to.im-

ger aenen
‘ere rts
Me Paes of te



SOVIET ARMS BUILDUP IN ANGOLA, MOZAMBIQUE DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Apr :85 p 13

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

ANGOLA and Mo-
zambique have in .re-
cent months become
the focal points of a
massive, Russian-
sponsored buildup of
sophisticated aerial
hardware which could
be moulded into a
* powerful force virtual-
ly overnight.

At the same time,
according to unimpeacha-
ble intelligence sources,
the two countries have
completed a highly soph-
isticated’ radar network
togive radar coverage
from the west to east
coasts on the Republic’s
“border.

Latest information i
dicates that general mi
tary hardware supplies
are being shipped in and
that in air strength terms
there are now more than
200 frontline fighter air-
craft near the ‘country’s
northern border.

Strategists say the
buildup is continuing ap-
parantly in blithe and
total disregard of the
peace inititives now in the
pipeline.

cso: 3400/93

But at the same time,
they point out that this is
in accordance with Soviet
theory and practice — to
use an occasion like the
present as a breathing
space to build up capabili-
ties. oe

SA, Air Force head-
quarters in Pretoria yes-
terday declined to com-
ment on a mass of author-.
itative detail about the
buildup of aircraft, radar

‘and anti-aircraft hard-
ware.

But a — spokesman

“added: “We are watching

the situation.”

The ‘buildup, it is
learnt, has reached a peak
following .a ‘steadily in-
creasing tempo of deliv-
eries over the past 18
months.

Between October last
year and the start of this
year alone there was a
massive buildup of fighter
and offensive aircraft in
Angola and Mozambi-
que. ~

62

Radar cover of a highly

“sophisticated nature is

such that it covers borders
of the four neighbouring
Black States. _

On the anti-aircraft
front, a significant factor,
according to strategists, is
a high level of standard-
isation.

Angola’ and Mozambi-
qué can now boast pat-
ticularly powerful em-
placements ‘of ‘a range of
deadly SAM missiles, in-
cluding highly mobile va-
tiations.

Intelligence —_ sources
also report the deploy-
merit of deadly four-can-
non. ZSU 23-4 mobile
units, the same marques
which gave the Israelis
endless headaches.

In Angola, it is learnt,
specific battle aircraft
buildups include an in-
crease in SU-22’s, a swing
wing machine which is re-
cognised as a particularly
good ground attack air-

“craft.

JPRS~SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

., Confirmation of the
buildup is also cotained in
the authoritive pentagon
publication, Soviet Mili-
Yary Power.

The latest edition notes
that Jast year alone Mo-
zambique took delivery of
more MiG 21 “fishbed”
fighters, increasing its
force of them to at least
44,

In Angola operational
MiG 23 fighters have in-
creased substantially as.
well as MiG 21s, dubbed

“the AK 47 of the air.”

The 21. compares, in

the eyes of aircraft ex-
perts, very favourably
with South Africa’s own
top fighter, the Mirage
il.
“In Angola buildup of
strike aircraft has been in-
wereased by the acquisition
‘of the deadly MI 25 heli-
‘copter gunships.


JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

NEW SAUDI AMBASSADOR ARRIVES--The new ambassador of the Democratic Saharan
Arab Republic to the Republic of Seychelles, Karid Ahmed Salek, presented
his credentials to President René at State House yesterday morning. Based
in Antananarivo, the new ambassador replaces Salek Bobbih, the ambassador
since February 1983. Ambassador Karid Akmed Salek has participated in
the Saharan Nationalist Movement since the 1960's and joined the ranks

of the Polisario Front at its formation in 1973. Karid Akmed Salek

was president of the Saharan Red Crescent from 1975 to 1976. He was

a member of the Committee of External Affairs from 1976 to 1977 and

was connected with the Cabinet of the Prime Minister of the Democratic
Saharan Arab Republic from 1978 to 1980. Before being named ambassador

to Seychelles, he was a professor at the "12 October" High School from
1980 to 1984. During his stay in our country, Ambassador Salek will
maintain contact with the members of the Council of Ministers, and with
the Dean of the Diplomatic Corps, Mikhail Orlov, and other chiefs of
mission based in Victoria. [Text] [Victoria SEYCHELLES NATION in

French 19 Mar 85 pp 1,10] 12230

cso: 3419/359

48



INDUSTRIAL LAND PRICE RISE REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Apr 85 p 28

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

[Text]

COMPANIES operat-
ing in the Sandton sub-
urbs of Wynberg, East-
gate and Kramerville
-are sitting on the most
‘expensive industrial
jland in South Africa.

Industrial land in Wynber
is selling for a top price of
R200 a square metre, accord-
ing to a survey of 43 industri-
al suburbs compiled by Di-

varis Real Estate. The’

lowest-priced suburb on the
company’s books is Roode-
kop, south of Johannesburg,
where land has fetched
R45/m'*,

Supply

Other pricey suburbs are
Eastgate and Kramerville at
R160/m?. Topping the list

With Wynberg are several
suburbs south of the city cen-
tre — Amalgam at R170/m’*,
Benrose at R150/m’, and City
Deep and new Centre at
»R140/m*.

Keeping Roodekop com-
pany at the lower end of the
market are Alrode South and
Halfway House at R50/mi,
Clayville at R55/m* and Wa-
deville at R60/m’. .

cso: 3400/93

A survey shows that land
in Benrose, Bertrams, Doorn-
fontein, Eastgate, Kramer-
ville, Park Central, Reuven
and Robertsham is all taken,
but there is a good supply in
iAlrode South, Deviang Jet
‘Park, Marlboro, Roodekop
and Wadeville,

Rents are more on a
than land prices, ranging
» from R2,75/m* to R6/m’, ac-
cording to Divaris.

Executive director of Di-
‘varis’ Transvaal operation
Colin Wright predicts an in-
crease in the rent ceiling to
R6,50/m? as strong demand
for industrial space in units
of 200m’ to 300m* emerges.

Mr Wright says: “Eastgate
is without a doubt the w
market industrial area.of the
Sandton-Johannesburg zone.

Shortage

“Some suburbs which have’
become unpopular are those
close to Alexandra township.
In Marlboro, for instance,
which border: Alexandra,
there is a lot of land available
and prices average “about
R110/m*. In neighbouring
Kew, which does not border

the township, land has
fetched R135/m', and it is
scarce.”

David Annenberg, a Cape
Town real estate consulting
firm, reports good prices be-
cause of the shortage of well-
sited industrial land in the
Peninsula.

Inland

The most expensive indus-
trial suburb on the com-
pany’s books is Diep River
where R72/m and R71/m? is
asked, Retreat and Epping
are also near the top of the
price list at R60/m*.

‘The lowest prices are be-
ing asked in Philippi — about
Hat/rm’ — and Kraaifontein
at R24/m? to R25/m’.

The Divaris Cape oper-
ation’s survey of industrial
land shows that in spite of the
oversupply in certain seg-
ments of industrial buildin,
prices in the metropolitan in-
dustrial areas continue to in-
crease because of scarcity.
However, the general de-
nang for industr jal premises

is slackened.

Divaris says Stellenbosch
has also emerged as one of
the more expensive industri-

JPRS~SSA~85~043

24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

al areas because of the short-
age of sites in the town.
Prices as high as R75;m* are
being paid.

David Annenberg reports
that rentals in the northern
suburbs of Cape Town and in
the larger premises in Ep-
pin Industria are R2/m? and

.2,50/m'. In the city, the pe-
rimeter and southern sub-
urbs rents are still firm at
between R3/m! and R4/m*.

‘The Durban area is short of
industrial space — the onl}
townships serving the neet
of industrialists are Prospec-
ton, Mobeni, Jacobs and
Phoenix.

Transfer

Although Anglo American
Property Services has start-
ed selling space in its new
Springfield Park suburb,
transfer will take place only
in March next year.

As a result, the average
price of industrial land —
about R80/m' — is fairly
high. Land has fetched a top
price of R120/m? in the Ja-
cobs area,

The shortage of land has
driven many industrialists
inland to Pinetown, which
thas a highly developed fac-
tory area. oo


JPRS-SSA~85-~043
24 May 1985

KENYA

ECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC, MILITARY PROBLEMS THREATEN STABILITY
Hamburg DIE ZEIT in German 29 Mar 85 p 10

(Analysis. by Dietrich Strothmann: "Kenya in Arap Moi'ts Grasp:
Underneath the Surface Things are in a Turmoil"]

[Text] Caution! Violence! Well-meaning [people] warn visitors on their first
day not to venture through the side streets of Nairobi at night. A red
warning sign stands on desks in hotel rooms: "If you leave the house at night,
you'd better call a taxi."

The hotel is only barely 100 meters from the main street. A park lies in
between. However, the short path through this green area is perilous in the
dark. It can be dangerous: it is true that a robber does not lurk behind
each tree or behind each bush; not every white man is going to be attacked.
However, the crime rate is on the rise from month to month in Nairobi; in the
newspapers there is at least one report every day of an armed holdup.
Increasingly, these have fatal results. Increasingly they involve businessmen,
state employees, politicians, and priests as victims. Often they are
committed by bands of juveniles; frequently, they are also said to involve
discharged non-commissioned officers, who set the tone in Nairobi's
underworld.

What is the state doing to defend its citizens? One. day president Daniel Arap
Moi praises the police, promises new uniforms "in order to deter" the criminal
- but there is a lack of gasoline to be able to chase the criminals. Another
example: in order to prevent thieves from holdups pistols made out of wood
were distributed to businessmen - until the burglars found out about this and
Arap Moi ordered recall of the fake pistols. Days, nights in Nairobi: a
little bit of Chicago, a little bit of Frankfurt -in the middle of Africa.

During the day, Nairobi gives the appearance of a blossoming, prospering
cosmopolitan city that is bursting at the seams. During the last 10 years one
high-rise building after the other sprung out of the ground, often built with
the aid of a well-known Israeli concern. Traffic on the wide express road has
tripled. Nairobi has become the money and commerce center of East Africa. The
person who buys or sells, does business,.or wants to have a share in
businesses chooses Nairobi as his regular seat. There are said to be 50

22


unnatural obstacles and descrimination in world commerce. These
changes would contribute to resolving numerous vital problems and to
fostering the welfare of the workers of these countries.

The delegation of the CCSS returned home satisfied with the warm and
cordial reception it received during its stay in Guinea.

12230
CSO: 3419/359

18


HUGE BLACK POPULATION SHIFT FORESEEN

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Apr 85 p 31

JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Sampie Terreblanche, professor of economics at Stellenbosch

University:
{Text]
‘DURING the next 15

ears the huge lation
Shift by blacks Into urban
areas will be the most

South Africa.
By international stan-

‘The alarming

H

That will leave about 7-
tial

million Y
cea erties
_ themselves ‘and their fam-
flies — in the peripheral sec-
tors.
Of: atleast three mil-
ug ean te ala

e are |
. earn their livelihood in the in-

parbanisation
about a shift in

areas has far greater
“growth” potential.

"Just Like the Boere, the Blacks Must Maak 'n Plan"]

‘The rest of the informal
sector will have to evolve
mainly in “white” South
Africa.

The Government will in

the years ahead have to take

increasing cognisance of
ty-of ite issues

quali

differently, the “

i acer

Population. .
To believe that ‘a

economic

rate
will have the desired effect is «

ap

rate ir achoved, wil el

i gaa en me
If we really want to sllevi:

ate black poverty we
have to look towards eco-

. nomic activities that are re-

concilable with our Third
World situation. —

Three policy
Initiatives _

°F the Government wants
:to bring about the inevitable

“black urbanisation in an or-


Everything hinges on the changing of attitudes. In the northern part of
the country, in the Majunga region, for example, the residents themselves
built 80 km of roads. Why couldn't this be done elsewhere? But there are
people who refuse to roll up their sleeves.

A Single Party?

QUESTION: Are you in favor of an eventual establishment of a single party?
Is this not a condition for national unity and therefore a precondition
for economic development?

RATSIRAKA: I have, since 1975, hoped for the establishment of a single
party. Individuals' sensitivities prevented it from coming about. We
missed our opportunity. It ig regrettable. Under these conditions, I
therefore formed my own party’. If, in the future, others feel the need to
create a single party, I would be for it. But I will never force ‘the -
Malagasy people to go in this direction. The present situation does not
bother me. I am not a dictator.

*The National Front for the Defense of the Revolution takes in seven
political groups, including the Avant-Garde of the Malagasy Revolution
(AREMA), founded by the president.

12413
CSO: 3419/362


| JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

principles apply to African education. Also segregated and apartheid educa-
tion must end as well. Another issue of great importance is the question of
housing for Indians. An amount of R125 million has been allocated for hous-
ing, Local Government and Agriculture. [Text] [Durban THE GRAPHIC in English
29 Mar 85 p 4]

INDIAN TEACHERS' JOBS--Solidarity's shadow Minister of Education,. Paliansamy
Devan, is determined to save the jobs of hundreds of Indian teachers who are
not professionally unqualified. He has proposed a. motion in the House of
Delegates, calling for the introduction of in-service training for all those
teachers who were not properly qualified, especially for those who have the
old "licence to teach" and those without matric. The motion is expected to be
defeated in the House later this week. Mr Devan said there were about 800
“professionally. unqualified" teachers who were to be phased out. This drastic
action could be averted if these teachers could be allowed to attend the in-
service training so that they were in a position to upgrade their qualifica-
tion, he said. "At present these teachers run the risk of losing their jobs
and my party wants to do everything possible to see to it that this does not
happen." Mr Devan believed that there were many among the unqualified who
were "professionals" in their respective subjects. [Text] [Durban POST”.
NATAL in English 3-6 Apr 85 p 5]

FLATS FOR 'ILLEGAL' INDIANS~-A new R30 million block of flats is to be built
in Fordsburg for Indians living illegally in Hillbrow and other white suburbs,
says Mr Boeti Abramjee, Minister of Budget in the House of Delegates. The
building will have 1,100 flats made up of one, two, and three bedroomed
apartments. It will be both a letting scheme and for sale by sectional title,
Mr Abramjee disclosed. Scores of Indian families have been issued with
ejectment notices--and several others have been either. prosecuted or
threatened with prosecution--for living in areas reserved for whites.
Following top level representation, the notices have been stayed with an
assurance that no further action would be taken against offenders until the
flats are built. [Text] [Durban POST NATAL in English 3-6 Apr 85 p 1]

WIDESPREAD POLITICAL UNREST--The house of a community councillor in New
Crossroads, Cape Town, has been petrol bombed in one of several incidents of
widespread unrest. According to police, incidents of violence appeared to
have decreased since security forces sealed off eastern Cape townships at

the weekend. However, unrest has been reported from wide ranging areas, in-
cluding north of Pretoria and in Athlone, Cape Town. Police say three young
women have been arrested in connection with the petrol bomb attack on the .
home of community councillor, (John Velezi),.in New Crossroads. Another two
councillors’ homes have been attacked in Bridgetown, near Oudtshoorn, and in
New Brighton, in the eastern Cape. The homes of two United Democratic Front,
UDF, members have also been damaged in separate incidents in Soweto, Johannes-
burg, and in New Brighton. Other incidents of political violence have been
from KwaThema, near Springs, and in the eastern and Cape townships of Fingoe,
De Aar and (Teenus). [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT 7 May
85 MB]

11



IPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER EXPRESSED FEARS OVER CONTINUING VIOLENCE)
MB081430 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 May 85 p 4

[Editorial]

[Text] The two bomb blasts that went off in the heart of Johannesburg's
financial world will send shock waves throughout the country and right across
the world.

The houses of Anglo American and Anglo Vaal are known worldwide. They are
also respected in the corridors of power in almost all financial centres of
the world. With that type of record it is devastating to have the spotlight
put on them in this fashion. |

It may just be the miner's dilemma that led to the blasts being set off. If
not, then the plight of those thousands of workers whose fate is in the
balance has been placed firmly on the agenda.

The fact that the bombs were timed to go off when people were absent from the
puildings and the streets is a sure indication that this was a political
statement. Whoever was responsible made a most effective impact.

It is also perhaps significant that the bombs went off at this time when the
country is in a state of grave violence. If the blasts have done anything
at all, they have brought notice to those who wield considerable power,
financially and otherwise, that we are going through very serious times.

|
Blacks have a sense of the gravity of the situation. There is hardly a day |
when there is no eruption of violence in the black townships. There are some
commentators who believe we are building a sub-culture of violence. This
becomes particularly true as regards school children. Violence is becoming
chronic. Not only that, many blacks are beginning to accept such violence as
part of their lives. The problem is confined to black townships but it will

inevitably spill over.

54



cso: 3400/93

108

Mr Wiechers, an author-

lity ‘on constitutional and
Personas the University
i fessor ai iwersil

Thon Afro



The Alexandra town council's shopping list, which included riot combat equip-
ment, led to demonstrations in the township.

"We don't want our police to be armed unnecessarily. We want them to be
looked on as protectors and friends.

"They won't go around armed unless a situation calls on them to do so," said
Diepmeadow PRO Don Manaka.

cso: 3400/93

72



However, Moi cannot improve things in his country with speeches alone - not
the social plight, not the economic danger, not the political patronage
system. Kenya, at 4 percent, has the highest birth rate in the world, but it
has an economic growth of only 3 percent. ‘The World Bank estimates that the
population will almost double by the year 2000, from the current roughly 19
million to more than 34 million. Today, out of almost 300,000 graduates per
year, 270,000 have no training slot and no jobs. Thus, slums grow at the edge
of Nairobi, the youth crime rate increases, poverty continues to take hold.
Added to that the arable land continues to shrink (only 20 percent of Kenya
can be used for farming), and industrialization is naturally limited (Kenya
has no mineral resources). Some additional facts: Kenya's 32,500 Asians are
the majority in commerce and they set the tone for business life - which leads
to racial tension; patronage in public offices, corruption, and fraud are
spreading like a cancerous growth; constant abandoning of farms increases the
city proletariat and rampant unemployment constitutes a social explosive.

Kenya is stuck in a vicious circle. The "oasis" lies in twilight. Under the
surface of the iceberg there is turmoil and unrest. In villages, incensed
parents are burning schools because the teachers are either not coming to
class or they are drunk. In the cities, administration employees spend their
working hours in beer halls while leaving their jackets hanging on the office
chairs as a cover.

Those who belongs to Moi's tribe, the Kadendjis, have no more money worries.
He gets the import licenses which are usually in short supply; they receive
the assured spot as a candidate in the forthcoming elections in the only state
party, the Kanu; they get the higher officers’ positions; they obtain
lucrative jobs as heads of a government department. The latent tribal
rivalries determine Kenya's everyday reality, all the way up to the highest
positions in the state and military organizations. Immediately following the
takeover after the death of the "great leader" Jomo Kenyatta, who belonged to
the largest tribe - the Kikujus, Daniel Arap Moi, the former vice-president,
replaced all those who held seats in parliament with members of his clan.
Today there are essentially only Kadendjis in his immediate surroundings, in
the government, and in the army. Alone, high-handed and autocratic, the
president rules according to his motto, which has long since worn thin:
"peace, love, unity". The state is Moi, Moi is the state.

There where resistance stirs, or even rebellion, it does not flicker very
long. He made short work of the August 1982 rebels who had almost overthrown
him. He distanced himself even from the closest accomplice, the Minister for
the Constitution Charles Njonjo, a prominent figure of the Kikuju. He then
graciously set him free while the rebellious lieutenants, university
professors, and students were put in jail. When last February students
assembled in the football stadium of the university for a peaceful
demonstration in favor of unjustly expelled fellow students, he let them be
beaten blindly by the GSU Special Unit of the police, a kind of secret
police. Supposedly, the students had thrown stones, but it was a grass field;
supposedly, dozens of policemen were injured, but they were secret service men
were smuggled in as civilians and were beaten by their own colleagues. At
least Moi could teach the rebellious students manners. Another time he had the

R24



ADMINISTRATOR LAUDS DECISION ON CAPE BEACHES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Apr 85 p 9

[Text]

‘CAPE TOWN. The Ad- ”
. for personel hygiene and

ministrator of the Cape,
Mr Gene Louw, said it
appeared the Cape. Town

city council wanted to do.

something positive for the

first time to stop the anti- _

social chaos that has pre-
vailed on beaches and at
swimming pools in the
municipal area.

He was commenting'on
recommendations by the
City Council’s amenities
and health committee
that people should pay an
increased entrance fee at
the Sea Point and New-
lands _swimming . pools
and, for the first time, pay
to use certain beaches.

The committee ap-

proved the principle of an ;

entrance tariff at certain
beaches, provided it was
accompanied by a limit on

numbers.

In actordance with the.

recommendations, num-
bers at smaller beaches on
the Atlantic coast would
be controlled by turn-

Referring to the recom-
mendations ‘on the ‘en-

cso: 3400/93

forcement . of ‘standards

the prevention of anti-so-
cial behaviour, Mr Louw

.said.it was “high time”

that something was done.
A Sea Point city coun-
cillor, Mr Chris Joubert,
said the . recommenda-
tions of the committee
should not be seen. as
amended racial discrimi-
ation, but as an attempt
to prevent anti-social be-
haviour. .
He said Coloured and
Black people had been
to use the tidal
pool at Camps Bay where
there was an entrance
charge as there was prop-
er control there. — Sapa.

90

JPRS-SSA-85~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH - AFRICA


| JPRS~SSA~85~043
| 24 May 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNITA ATTACKS LUNDA CONVOY--UNITA forces killed 28 MPLA soldiers, burned 1
Soviet-built armored car, destroyed 11 Star trucks and captured 2 14.5 mm anti-
aircraft guns, 2 B-10 cannons, and 144,830 kwanzas, when they attacked a-FAPLA
convoy 65 km south of Saurimo in Lunda Province. [Text] [MB030934 (Clandestine)
KUP in Portuguese to Southern and Central Africa 0600 GMT 3 May 85]

UNITA KILLS 43 MPLA--UNITA forces killed 43 MPLA soldiers and captured another
5 as well as 57 weapons, shells, and ammunition, when they overran the Chila
post in Benguela Province, which was being defended by 2 battalions. Among
the captured were two officers. There were no UNITA casualties. (Text ]
{MB030930 (Clandestine) KUP in Portuguese to Southern and Central Africa 0600
GMT 3 May 85]

68 MPLA SOLDIERS KILLED~-Free Land of Angola, 2 May (KUP)--A total of 68 MPLA
soldiers were killed during a road ambush. The UNITA armed forces violently
and successfully attacked the 36th MPLA Brigade as it traveled from Longa to
Menongue, 12 km away from Menongue, the capital of Cuando Cubango Province.
This was announced in a UNITA war communique issued today. According to this
communique, the UNITA forces captured large quantities of war material during
the attack, including three 82 mm mortars, two BIR's, five RPG-7's, and large
quantities of weapons and ammunition. A total of 11 vehicles full of war mate-
rial-and food supplies were destroyed. [Text] [MB021348 (Clandestine) KUP in
French to Southern and Central Africa 1200 GMT 2 May 85]

OFFICIAL: DELIVERS DOS. SANTOS MESSAGE~-Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, the chair-
man of the MPLA-Labor Party and president -of the People's Republic of Angola,

has sent a formal message to Chadli Bendjedid, secretary general of the

National Liberation Front [FLN] and president of the Democratic and Popular
Republic of Algeria. The message was handed over by Andre Pitra, secretary of
the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee for the production sector, who visited
Algeria at the invitation of the FLN. Andre Pitra's contacts centered on
increasing cooperation between Algeria and the People's Republic of Angola in
the political, economic and cultural fields. [Text] [MB051236 Luanda Domestic
Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 5 May 85]

GOODS CONFISCATION FROM ZAMBIA POACHERS--Free Land of Angola, 7 May (KUP)--A
huge amount of ivory, dried meat and bundles of fish worth thousands of dollars
have been confiscated by UNITA police from illegal Zambian poachers who tried



DISCUSSION OF PROPOSED SCIENCE CENTER UNDERWAY

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Mar 85 pp 20-21

[Excerpt]

Ihe 1981 De Lange report on

education in South Africa pro-
posed the establishment of science
centres as one means of enhancing in-
terest in science and mathematics in
this country. Asa result, in February
1982, Professor W.J. van Biljon,
then president of the Associated
Scientific and Technical Societies of
South Africa (AS&TS) and now the
scientific counsellor in Bonn for the
Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR) submitted a pro-
posal for the. establishment of a
science and technology centre in
Johannesburg, a ‘living’ museum
where basic scientific principles
would be illustrated in application to
everyday life,

Discussion now taking place be-
tween the AS&TS and the National
Sport, Recreation and Exhibition
Centre (NASREC) should mean that
former Crown Mines land, south of
Johannesburg, will see the construc-
tion of a science and technology cen-
tre, unique to Southern Africa, well
before the end of the decade. A com-
mittee appointed by the AS&TS and
on which a representative of
NASREC served, investigated the
proposal and recommended to
AS&TS that the AS&TS should pro-
ceed with a full scale feasibility study
of the project. For this purpose a
non-profit company is being register-
ed by the AS&TS.

The proposed centre will be
situated within the heart of the
metropolitan cluster of the Pretoria-
Witwatersrand-Vereeniging area, the
most industrially developed part of
South Africa, and will be accessible
to more than seven million people
within a 50 km radius by the turn of
the century. .The favoured site ad-
joins the new showground of the Wit-
watersrand Agricultural Society, is
7 km southwest of central Johan-
nesburg and 4 km east of Soweto,
Johannesburg’s black residential
township. It is proposed that the
centre will occupy 7 ha of a 270 ha
site owned by NASREC. It would be
one component of a larger NASREC
scheme which includes a sports com-
plex and stadium to accommodate
100 000 spectators, a theme park
comparable, to the Disney corpora-
tion’s ‘Six Flags’ in the USA, though
on a more modest scale, plus a hotel,
hostels, restaurants, ample parking
and all the attendant facilities re-
quired to make this development a
major tourist attraction. In addition,
the Agricultural Show Grounds will
form part of this complex. The fac-
tors which made the site an excellent
choice for NASREC also make it
appropriate for the AS&TS science
centre, namely, it is well served by the
existing and proposed transport ser-
vices, both public and private, and it
is equitably located for access by all
race groups.

713

JPRS~SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


RENFREIGHT TURNOVER REPORTED AT 2 BILLION RAND

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Apr 85 p 3

[Article by David Carte]

{Text]

BUDDY . Hawton,
chairman of Ren-
freight Holdings, took
the wraps off his enor-
mous shipping and
travel company this

week. .
Renfreight, which came
about after. the merger be-
tween Rennies Shipping and
Freight. Services, will turn
over R2000-million a year.
Its taxed: it will be at
least R20-million. The unlist-

issets
Sf fusbeniuon and. share

holders’ funds of R81-million. -

It employs 17 400 le and

ys salaries and wages of ,

.R135-million @ year.

cso: 3400/93

"Had the group been consti-

tuted in the five years to 1983,
average compound earnings
gro ‘would have been
more than 20% a year.

Making up

The formation of Ren-
freight represented some
reconciliation between Anglo
Freight Services, and Ol
‘Mutual, controller of Rennies
at the time, Angio and Mutu-
al Were estranged by the Pre-
amier, JCI and grab of
SA Breweries. ‘week's
deal between Southern Sun
and Rensaf was further evi-
dence of a thaw.

The main arms of Ren-

freight are marine services, .

79

forwarding, transport aiid se- at
first

curity tray
‘two dominate ing and
forwarding in-SA. ma-

rine services division .com-

 @SAContainer Depots which’

owns the City container
Pa ena eee ing
containers, as well as fae
tainer and Park-a-Tainer. ,

@ The lucrative Maydon,
‘Wharf bulk terminal, which

is the world’s most modern

multi-product terminal «|...

@5A with ‘mar- ~;
ket tte enceeting 80%. -

Coal export -

transport.

division owns Rent-a-Bakkie,
‘Fidelity Guards and Rennies
. Electronic Security. It aims

“entirely up to Safren.”

JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

_ SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Hawton says Ren-
freight has .

which will be sold
Jeased back
‘debt. This will save Ri5-mil-
lon in: interest and

_ debtequity to less than 15%.

Even more dramatic on
‘the fortunes of the group will

. be the effect of. an economic

‘would be listed, Mr Haw

said: “It is certainly not under
consideration, but once we
have a five-year track: re-
‘cord, who knows? It will be
ot


JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

MULTINATIONALS PREPARE FOR OIL SEARCH IN EAST AFRICA
HKO30246 Hong Kong AFP in English 0148 GMT 3 May 85
[Article by Michael Andres]

[text] Dar es Salaam, May 3 (AFP)~-Multinational companies are gearing up to
spend tens of millions of dollars in a search for oil in the hitherto little—
explored East African region, in what is hoped could turn into a New Bonanza.

From Zaire to Sudan through Burundi, Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya to Somalia and
down to Mozambique and Madagascar, the quest is hotting up and hopes are high
on the part of the companies and governments concerned of a big strike.

The last few months have seen a rush of interest by major oil companies to snap
up new areas offered for exploration by the governments of the region, which
are anxious to reduce their dependency on highly costly oil imports.

Interest had earlier centred on the continental shelf of the East African Indian
Ocean seaboard, which would typically offer hydrocarbon-bear ing potential as
with "offshore" operations elsewhere in the world, informed sources said.

Work has and is being done offshore, and there have been gas finds, notably
one at Songo-Songo Island near Kilwa, Tanzania, which is believed to be com-
mercially exploitable and could feed a planned giant fertilizer plant.

On Madagascar the Amoco Company is currently engaged in a major exploratory
drilling programme.

But experts note that it is the near-virgin territory inland to which the multi-
nationals have latterly been drawn, as indicated by the number of exploration
agreements recently entered into and currently being negotiated on lucrative

terms for the host governments.

This development has followed recent revision in countries such as Kenya and
Tanzania of the legislation covering oil and gas exploration and production,
which has been part of government efforts to attract companies interested in
exploration.

Kenya and Tanzania have also, for example, both very successfully carried out
their own independent preliminary geological research for marketing to oil com-
panies or have had specialised companies contract to do this for them, informed
sources said.



But they are precluded
from ever regaining their
South African citizenship
through naturalisation
since the Aliens Act per-
tnits this only in the case of
foreigners who can assimi-
jlate with the white popula-
ition in South Africa.

Theoretically, Trans-
kei, BophuthaTswana, Cis-
kei and Venda could, as in-
sdependent states, define
their own. citizenship re-

uirements in such a way

it only le born and
living in r_territories
poule quality. hat 9 would
ve the Repul cope
with millions of stateless
people living in South
Africa. Such a step would,

after ail, be the logical re-'

sult of
, actions.

uth Africa’s own

Ironic

: ic,

Sne thing is certain: the
biggest single factor caus-
fing such overwhelming re-

jection, nationally and

internationally, of the’.

homelands policy is the
-¢itizenship issue and mass
, denationalisation.

Ironically, there are very :

Mew people, including those

in former homek that
have now become indepen-
dent, who do not at heart

still regard themselves as ©

South Africans.

Homelands. could once
have formed the solid cor-
nerstones of a decentral-
ised Southern African state
institution.

seen by most black peoy
as monsters devouring

their precious birthright
ahi.

-their South African citizen-

107



SULLIVAN-TYPE CODE ADVOCATED FOR SOUTH AFRICAN COMPANIES

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 15 Apr 85 p 12

[Article by Paul Dold]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — The
.chairman. of Pick ’n
Pay, ‘Mr Raymond
Ackerman, — has
called for the intro-
duction of a Sulli-

van-type code to
‘monitor the er-
formance of South

He has warned that the

hext 18 months will be °
critical if the business ;

{sector is to neutralise the
‘disinvestment attacks
‘from abroad.

! In an interview, Mr
Ackerman tala tort

‘monitored

bap included

a leaders should be

troduced as soon as
‘possible,

Although initially op-'
osed to’ the United
tes’ Sullivan code, Mr
Ackerman said the depth
of monitoring, and prog-
ress made, had been im-
pressive. '

“T used to criticise the
US companies, but have
recognised that the Sulli-
van net nes be ac-
tually forced us all into

cso: 3400/93

many of the clianges
imade over the last eight
to 10 years.”

The ad of a local
code would show over-
seas critics what was be-

ing a achieved by. So South

Mr Ackerman sn ald ‘he

had attended a series of
African companies. ; . top-lev stings W

bla iieadors, explaining
ic]

what was being 4 done by
business Dusiness to: oppose - dis-

“We have found black
leaders quite unaware of
made,

rogress being
Batthe Sienificant result
is that dialogue is under
way.” .

Black leaders had been

“not as 3, but as
part of a negotiating tri-”
angle

“To my mind the disin-
vestment problem is
more serious than people.

tS theta vel ride prob-
, “tisa wi

Jem linked © the rand-
‘dollar rate and the reces-

‘sion. There is no question
\that disinvestment has
jbeen helped by the rand’s

tare atten in in value. With’

US com-

Pres hed clear! found
itficutty i in op

é ie ar re looking ata.
so-called moral issue-and

‘was good in South Aiea
there would be little

estion of disinvest-

| JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985
i

SOUTH AFRICA.



HEUNIS:

BLACK ASPIRATIONS MUST. GET PRIORITY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 29 Apr 85 p 2

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

“TOP priority must now’
‘be given to - satisfy
Black political aspira-
tions in structures that
are in no way inferior
to those created for
other groups, Mr Chris '
Heunis, Minister of.
Constitutional Devel-
opment and Planning, ;
told The Citizen in an
interview in "Cape
Town.

“The — Government’s
general —_ constitutional
goal is to sive all the |
country’s le a say in *
decision aking that af

* fects their interests, while '
‘maintaining security, sta-*
bility and self-determin:
tion for each group,” Mr
Heunis said.

: Toall :

“This applies to all, and
thus also to Black com .
munities.

“It remains the Gov-
sernment’s point of depar- '
ture that, use of the

‘by no means imply that
‘the right of Black people
to take part in democratic

cso: 3400/93

istressed that it is the Gov-
‘ernment's firm intention
not to-work out one-sided.
“solutions, but to negotiate’
the future dispensation
with all relevant parties.

: Mr Heunis said it was |
on this basis that the Gov-
‘erameiit”

current trend, toalevel at
which the governments

concerned are given a say

regarding. actions by the
SA that affect them, and

main the goal in. the case’:
jof-all”the self-governing

“cepts the permanence in
ithe RSA of large numbers
of Black people who find
themselves outside the
national areas, Such com-

munities are therefore be- :

‘ing treated for constitu-

‘tional purposes as entities
which, in their own right
£an participate in all dect-

sions affecting their inter-"

Sotarity must also be
reached on the question
of citizenship.

“The Government. is
also establishing an infor-
mal ‘non-statutory forum

-with the aim of opening -

idiscussion op a - wide
Tange of constitutional
‘and related matters.

“Communication be-
tween the Government

103

JPRS~SSA-85-043

24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

jand Black ‘communities
"must be improved to cre-
; ate a more favourable cli-
mate.”

* Mr Heunis said he be-

lieved these steps were
proof of the Goverm-
ment’s sincerity and resol-
“ve to ensure every South
African had effective par-

“ticipation in

government
‘and to bring about the de-
velopment and upliftment
-of all people. -+


INTER-RACIAL UNIVERSITY ENROLLMENT INCREASES

JPRS-SSA-85-~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 p 2

[Text]

INTER-RACIAL enrolment at South
African universities has increased
dramatically.

And mixing at coloured and Indian
primary and secondary schools is con-

juing apace.

Latest official figures from the an-
‘nual report of the irtment of In-
ternal fairs, tabl in Parliament
this week, most_uni-
versity campuses in South
Africa are now mixed — in-
cluding the bastion of Afri-
kanerdom, Stellenbosch —
and the Rand Afrikaanse Un-
iversiteit (RAU).

Last year there were only
two coloured students regis-
tered at RAU. This yer it
has an enrolment of 60.

Last year there were 52 at
Rhodes University and this
year there are 109.

Dramatic

This was confirmed by Mr
Eddy Bydell, deputy director
of education in the Depart-
ment of Education and Cul-
ture, who is also the depart-
ment’s Press liaison officer.

And at the University of
the Western Cape there has
been a dramatic increase in
black and Indian students.

The roll for this year is

7.226 of which 329 are black,
309 Indian, 58 white and 52
who fall in the catagory of
“others”, which a university
spokesman said could stand
for “anything from Gri
and Rehoboth Baster to
nese”.

cso: 3400/93

Last year UWC enrolled a
total of 5 935 students among
whom were 43. whites, 70
blacks and 88 Indians who
studied there with ministeri-

-al permission.

Coloured students study at
-white universities with bur-
saries provided by the De-
‘partment of Education and

‘Culture in the House of Rep-
resentatives.

Mr Bydell confirmed it
‘was still official policy that
schools and university cam-
puses for the different ethnic
groups should be racially
segregated.

Concession

But the annual rey of
the Department of Internal
Affairs shows most school
and university campuses are
becoming increasingly inte-
grated.

Ona primary school level,
Mr Bydell said his depart-
- ment had made a concession

* which allowed black pupils to
be enrolled at coloured pri-

88

mary schools, but only if
there were no black schools
available within a radius of
8km of a black residential

area,

: “After primary school,
‘black pupils become the re-
‘sponsibility of the Depart-
:ment of Education and Train-
ung which handles black edu-
cation,” he said.

But the report submitted
the Director-General of

‘Home Affairs to the Minister

of Home Affairs, Mr F W de

‘Klerk, which covers the

od’ July 1983 to June 30

984 shows thousands of

coloureds attend Indian
schools and vice versa.

Favoured

From the report it appears
the University of Cape Town
was the most favoured alter-
native campus for coloured
‘students.

Last year 686 coloured stu-
dents attended UCT. Its near-
est competitor for coloured
students was the Universit;
of the Witwatersrand wit
196 coloured students, fol-
lowed the University of
Natal (159).

There were no coloured
students during the academic
year up to June last year at

e universities of Pretoria
or Potchefstroom.

‘The “Indian” University of
Durban-Westville is also, to
some de; as are most

‘white universities, “mixed”

in character.



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENT ON POLITICAL NEGOTIATIONS
MB051014 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 5 May 85 p 25
[Comment by University of Stellenbosch Philosophy Professor Willie Esterhuyse]

[Text] A new feature of the South African political scene is the view that
our political future should be decided at the negotiating table.

Various groups, parties and people differ on mechanisms, procedures, priorities
and participants, but the general consensus is that decisions relating to the
future of blacks should not be a "whites only" affair.

This attitude was reflected by the state president in his opening speech to
Parliament.

It is understood by the energetic endeavours of the minister of constitutional
affairs to establish dialogue.

It has materialized quite dramatically in the way in which the crossroads
dilemma is being dealt with. Bulldozing techniques of the past have been
shelved and negotiated agreements hammered out.

This change in attitude, albeit still in embryonic form, is a far cry from
the not too distant past.

Conditioned to act unilaterally and to regard white power and privilege
as sacrosanct, not many whites are equipped with the skills of bargaining,
negotiation and conflict management.

These skills are not acquried in a day or learned from circulars and 1-hour
seminars. It is moreover a hard fact that not everyone can be a negotiator.

Does a positive climate for enhancing the prospects of meaningful negotiation
exist in our country?

In some respects we have reason for cautious optimism, The state president,
some of his ministers and black leaders like Chief Buthelezi should get credit

for this.

56



JPRS~SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DAILY MAIL EDITORIAL VIEWS POLITICAL, PRESS CLIMATE
MB301116 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 30 Apr 85 p 1

[Editorial: "Go In Peace"]

[Text] This is the final issue of THE RAND DAILY MAIL. Our final message
is brief and simple: Go in peace.

Rooted in South Africa, committed for more than a quarter of a century
to justice and prosperity .for all, the MAIL. has never lost its unshakeable

belief that this. country can be great and good.

The belief persists. But it is being undermined by the endemic violence
in our society, the bitterness that is poisoning the human soil. The race
is to see whether there will be enough reform to outstrip the anger that
failure to reform generated.

Attacked for disloyalty when it criticized the narrow norms of a Nationalist
Government bent. on a suicidal policy, the MAIL has lived at least to see
some vindication of its uncompromising stand.

The most important thing about the present cautious moves to reform is
that they acknowledge one central truth: apartheid is an admitted failure.

That is the State President's single most important contribution to progress,
and it should not be minimized. Neither should it be exaggerated. There is

a long way to go.
The debate will be heated--or at least we hope it will be.

It must take place as openly as possible. Cozy chats behind the scenes
are no substitute.

At the moment. there is not, as the State President would have it, a healthy
shift to a new South Africanism. Would that there were. But there can
never be when four-fifths of the population grows increasingly alienated.
Rather, there is a dangerous shift toward a laager. Blacks could easily

See it as a ganging-up.

52



in Guinea I met the man who was detained in Camp Boiro for.7 years. Do ‘you
believe he would be going back and forth between Dakar and Conakry if he" felt

threatened?"

‘Exceptional Operations

The Regional Delegation specifies, however, that, despite these facts; repatri-
ation is not compuslory. The HCR subsidizes those who want to return | to Guinea.
During the 2 February 1985 meeting, however, Guinean students asked to continue
receiving assistance as refugees, after the end of their studies, either in
Senegal or Guinea.’ They were told: ' "It is against all HCR principles; one
cannot be a refugee in one's own country. The purpose of the HCR is not to
cover the matetial failure of a.state; it is up to that goyernment to seek ‘help
from the other organizations of the UN network handling such tasks." For that
matter, ‘the aid given the Guinean repatriates, it is explained, is an excep-
tional operation which was made possible only through a derogation by the UN
secretary general.

As a matter of fact, happening one year after Sékou Touré's fall, the reaction
of the Guinean refugees, who are being helped by the HCR, coincides with. the,
.end of a kind. of interim phase designed by the Regional Delegation for its
"beneficiaries," The latter had oné year in which to make up their mind and
decide whether they would become "foreign residents" in Senegal or return to
Guinea. “Beyond a certain reasonable delay, we can no longer help them with
their repatriation. Some people have been helped for the past 10 years or so;
one cannot remain a refugee forever." ~

Students on HCR scholarships, however, continue to be aided to the end of their
studies; those who have completed their studies are helped for 6 months, "fol-
lowing which they must fend for themselves like Senegalese graduates."

This quarrel between the HCR and its "protégés" (or former protégés) actually
shows the shortcomings of the mandate of this organization, As a matter of
fact, it is unfortunate that there is no automatic linkage between the time
aid to the refugee ends and his reclassification is taken over by a humanitar-
ian organization, if not by his own country, Choosing between returning to
one's own country and the status of foreign resident does not automatically
guarantee a source of income. and is not, consequently, a "lasting solution,"
as the HCR likes to assert.

And if caution is not exerted, many former political refugees will have no
other choice but to join the cohort of "economic refugees."

How Many Refugees?

Tt is a known fact that most fruit vendors in Dakar are Guineans, Many other
Guineans have small restaurants most of which bear the name "At Diallo." This
huge mass of Guineans, however, is not known to the people of the HCR Regional
Delegation in Dakar. The latter only assists those who haye registered and

are recognized as refugees: Between 200 and 300, according to the Delegation;
barely 50 declare the authors of the “appeal of the Guinean refugees in Senegal."

14


JPRS-SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

the law into their hands and appealed to them to maintain peaceful co-exis-
tence, urging those who had fled from the villages to return home. Armed .
policemen have been drafted to the area to forestall further clashes and main-
tain law and order. The police said that 42 persons had so far been arrested
in connection with the incident. [Text] [Lagos NAN in English 1240 GMT

20 Apr 85 AB]

DIKKO ASYLUM REQUEST nkJECTION--London, 21 Apr (NAN)--Fugitive Umaru Dikko
has been refused political asylum by the British Government, the SUNDAY MAIL
newspaper reported in London today. A Western Europe correspondent of the
NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN) quotes the British weekly as saying "an announce-
ment of Dikko's future is expected next month." The report, however, suggests
that "if asylum is merely denied and a decision on extradition delayed," then
the ex-transportation minister would have time to seek refuge in another
country. According to the report, London does not want the Dikko issue to
affect relations between Nigeria and Britain which have always enjoyed close
commercial and diplomatic ties. The newspaper quoted the British Home Office
as saying that Major Muhammed Yusif, jailed for his part in the abortive Dikko
kidnap attempt in July, would be sent home. The report said that it was not
yet clear whether the British Government would comply with Nigeria's request
to have Dikko extradited to face charges in Lagos. [Text] [Lagos NAN in
English 0710 GMT 22 Apr 85 ABI

FULL MEMBERSHIP IN UNDP--Nigeria has applied for full membership of the United
Nations Development Program, UNDP. The country is currently only accorded an
observer status in the organization. The minister of national planning, Chief
Michael Adigun, made the request in Lagos while exchanging views with the new
resident representative of the UNDP in Nigeria, Mr (Bunker Deniker). Chief
Adigun called on the UN agency to utilize Nigerian expertise or consultancy
services being undertaken in the country, [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in
English 2100 GMT 24 Apr 85 AB]

DEMONSTRATIONS AT IBADAN POLYTECHNIC-~The Ibadan Polytechnic in Oyo State has
been closed down following violent demonstrations by the students, The stu-
dents were demonstrating against what they called inadequate water supply and
electricity. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 25 Apr 85
AB]

NAVAL TECHNICAL SCHOOL--Speaking yesterday in a Radio Nigeria Lagos current
affairs program, "Behind the Headlines," the chief of naval staff, Rear Admiral
Augustus Aikhomu, said the navy was taking giant strides in the areas of per-
sonnel training and the provision of necessary facilities. These include the
establishment of the naval technical school in sapele and the setting up of
training for naval [words indis inct] at/the professional training school at
Apapa. There are also plans to convert/' the Sapele port to a logistic base
for the navy while work is progressing on the naval, dockyard being built at
Victoria Island, Lagos. Rear Adm Aikhomu said on completion, facilities at
the dockyard would be open to merchant ships as a means of earning revenue for
the government. He said the Nigerian Navy, under the present circumstances,
was adequately equipped for effective operations. [Text] [Lagos Domestic
Service in English 1200 GMT 29 Apr 85 AB] .

CSO: 3400/88

43



JPRS~SSA-85-043
» 24 May 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

JOINT ENTERPRISES CREATED--The new secretary of state for cooperation,

Dr Eduardo Ambar, revealed that joint enterprises have been established

in Sao Tome to engage in agricultural operations. One is the Luso-Sao
Tomense Ramalho Rosa-Milagrosa joint enterprise of Sao Tome, which is

going to engage in cocoa and coffee-growing. At the same time, the government
of Sao Tomé and Principe, which was recently reshuffled and includes many
friends of Portugal, agreed to negotiate with the World Bank and, with

the support of that international institution, Portugal and France,
enterprises called "Management Funds" are going to be established to’ engage
in agricultural projects.’ Portugal has also intensified its relations .
with Cape Verde recently and our country has decided to unblock a 1984
appropriation for the Praia port project and has also decided to import
bananas from that country, which has made the best impression on the Cape
Verdean Government. In May, Dr Eduardo Ambar will go to Cape Verde where
he will inaugurate.a district for cooperation aides, a cultural center

in Mindelo and a Portuguese book fair. Meanwhile, the study prepared by

a British firm for the establishment of a Cooperation Bank designed to
support the economic actions to be carried out by Portugal in Mozambique,
Angola, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde.and Sao Tome and Principe has already
been forwarded to the secretary of state for the treasury, Dr Antonio de
Almeida. As is known, all of these countries, with the exception of Angola,
already have foreign investment statutes, enabling us to consider the
possibilities of our country applying investments there. [Text] [Lisbon
TEMPO in Portuguese 22 Mar 85 p 40] 8711

CSO: .3442/245

47



dent “homélands” to ace-
cept independence has con-

fronted Mr Botha with an
impasse im his quest to es-
tablish a conf ition. OF
: these leaders, the most im-
portant is Chief Gatsha
, Buthelezi, Chief Minister of
i KwaZulu. His followers
account for a quarter of
South Africa’s of 24-million
blacks.

. But even leaders of the
:pominally ir independent

have exp!

: ition to the -confera-

H Preatdeat 1 Lucas Man-

}

uthatswana *

eavecatedt the creation of
' a South African federation as
ithe way to overcome the
‘South Btrica'’s problems.

‘Transkei’s President Kai- .

‘ser Matanzima is a si
to a declaration the
outh African Federal
|Union, an alliance of
‘ “homelands” opposed to
; apartheid.
"The declaration set as its.
| primary goal re-unification
federal lines between
Affica and its puta:

‘they independent

lands.
i Chief Buthelezi, who Hel
heads the Inkatha

| that he is
: cept a non-racial federation
as a compromise solution

between. black hopes for,

ly centralised stat
on universal adult suffrage.

Significantly, Chief
"Buthelezi and President
Botha re-established man-
to-man contact in January
_after a hiatus of five years.

cso: 3400/93

Their meeting’ should’ be
seen in the context of the
‘meeting in Johannesburg at -
the weekend between the

the Afrikaanse
bond, a Government
student union.

tan eese, developments have:
ce_am: Teports

that thal irtment
stitutional’ Development
and Planning is re-apprais-
ing the three-year-old
Sis Coa

e re; ve

confirmed unofficially. .
Published in 1982, the re-
port recommended’ a form
of sharing between

-black and white i the Kwa-

Zulu-Natal region. Original-
y it was ‘rejected by Mr
‘otha’s administration.
Now, however, it is under
reconsideration.

Of equal relevance is a

recent realy unpublicised
meeting In Cape ‘own. be-
Botha’s chief con-
aitetionel architect, Mr:
Heunis, and Chief
Buthelezi. As’ Minister of
Constitutional Develop-:
ment and Planning,

unis, is chairman of the
special cabinet committee,
investigating how ‘to fulfil
black aspirations.

As former university aca-
demics concluded in a recent
analysis of the shift toward
federation: “There is evi-

based dence that Natal-KwaZulu

is being seen by many re-
formers as the laboratory
for (new) units.of represen-

‘tation appropriate to the

second tier within a federal-

Ast scheme.”

76



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

CHAD

BRIEFS

BARDAL DISPUTES DEFECTION--Following the recent visit to Lagos by the leader

of the Ndjamena clique, imperialist and reactionary media have found a new
topic to talk about: the so-called defection of certain Chadian Peoples’ Union
for Reconstruction which is based in Nigeria. What is striking is that this
so-called political faction has never been heard of until its defection. The
fact is that the Chadian Peoples’ Union for Reconstruction is only a postiche
serving imperialist interests. The fact is that this movement is an integral
part of a terrorist network maintained by the FAN in Nigeria. Once their mis-
sion is completed, members of this group have been recalled to Ndjamena in order
to be given other assignments. If a certain press is speaking so much about
this group, it is only to revamp the tarnished image of the Ndjamena clique.
[text] [AB061149 (Clandestine) Bardai Chadian National Radio in French 1800 GMT
5 May 85]

cso: 3400/145



Well, I have news for them.

When the real people's parliament eventually comes into being--as it will--
his only contribution will be to officially open it with a prayer. His
absence in the Members of Parliament benches will be conspicuous.

What's more, if a plack Prime Minister did things that contradict the scrip-

tures, I have a sneaking suspicion Bishop Tutu will tell him about it loudly
and clearly.

cso: 3400/93 |
|

54



DAILY MAIL Editorial Views Political, Press Climate
(Editorial; RAND DAILY MAIL, 30 Apr 85)......eee0e

Paper Expressed Fears Over Continuing Violence
(Editorial; SOWETAN, 1 May 85). .cccecccccccccccenvcceceecs

Comment on Political Negotiations
Willie Esterhuyse; SUNDAY TIMES, 5 May’ B5)accvececcension

Mauritius Offers Tax Bait to South Africa
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr 85)..ececccccecscceceecs

Soviet Arms Buildup in Angola, Mozambique Described
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 27 Apr 85)..ccssccccssceee

Technology Vital to SA's Growth
(THE CITIZEN, 25 Apr 85)..cecccecccccecccccccscece

Defense Budget Will Increase When Economy Improves
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 24 Apr 85)..ccccccccccecceecee

Families Agree To Move From Mathopestad
(Johannesburg Television Service, 27 Apr 85)..sssssceeeees

AEC Bans Restarting Koeberg
(Neil Hooper; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr 85)..cccccecccescceveces

STAR Urges Lifting of ‘Curtain’ on ANC
(Editorial; THE STAR, 26 Apr 85)....csccccccccccccnscesese

Paper Says Botha Myst Talk with All Black Leaders
(Editorial; THE SUNDAY STAR, 28 Apr 85)..

Training of Riot Squads in Soweto Alleged .
(Mudini Maivha; CITY PRESS, 31 Mar 85)...eececcecccsececes

Discussion of Proposed Science Center Underway .
(MINING WORLD, Mar 85)...cscccccccccccccccevccsenccessoses

First Tentative Steps to Federation Noted
(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 23 Apr 85).sccceeceeee

Sullivan-Type Code Advocated for South African Companies
(Paul Dold; RAND DAILY MAIL, 15 Apr 85).ccececsecscceccecs

Altech on Brink of Entering U.S. Market
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Apr 85).ccscccoceccescevce

Renfreight Turnover Reported at 2 Billion Rand
(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Apr 85)..ceccescsceccececcs

-d-

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79


JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

STAR URGES LIFTING OF 'CURTAIN' ON ANC
MB030859 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Apr 85 p 14
[Editorial: "Let the’ ANC out of the Shadows")

[Text] From behind the legal curtain which keeps South Africans from knowing
about the ANC comes an intriguing snippet of news. The WASHINGTON POST report-
ed yesterday that Mr Oliver Tambo, head of the banned movement, is ready to
meet white South African leaders to discuss a new democratic constitution.

This thought is not new, but it was interesting that this time Mr Tambo did
not mention several pre-conditions he had previously stipulated as essential
before negotiation could begin.

Is the omission significant? Has the ANC' thinking changed under the pressure
of recent events? Will it bargain over anything less than all-out majority
rule? Such questions are more relevant than every as events in restive black
townships daily remind South Africans of the bloody alternative to a negoti-
ated sharing of power with the country's black majority. The ANC, though
banned these 25 years, still commands the allegiance of most city blacks. It
is part of the solution as well as part of the problem. Its aims and its
strategies, the nature of its leadership and indeed of its precise following,
should be the subject of a continuing debate among all South Africans, those
in government and those deprived of a share in it.

Yet they are debarred from knowing about the ANC by tough security laws.
THese forbid quoting most ANC leaders (except by special permission, or some-
times in guarded roundabout terms) and set harsh penalties for promoting the
movement's objectives--even though many of those objectives coincide with the
perfectly acceptable political aims of white South Africans, including
nationalists.

It is time to lift these restrictive laws. If they ever had any justifica-
tion, it no longer exists in the rapidly evolving South Africa of the mod-
1980's. There are laws enough to deal with violence and its incitement, but
those which outlaw the ANC--plus numerous other bodies--and which silence
their leaders should be scrapped. They stand between South Africa and the
peaceable resolution of its conflicts.

csO: 3400/147



millionaires in U.S. dollars in Kenya already, among them all of the ministers
in Moits pointless cabinet. The president himself has a share in the largest
firms and in the financially strongest banks; he is said to be one of the
twenty richest men in the world - but only of the twenty richest. It was
claimed that Kenyatta, his world-renowned predecessor, was one of the ten
richest men.

As Nairobi forms an exception in Kenya, so is Kenya an exception in East
Africa. While in its neighbors Uganda, Tanzania, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Somalia
everything is topsy-turvy - where tribal and civil wars, economic decline, and
famine are the order of the day, Kenya appears like an oasis of peace, an
island of prosperity, an isle of tolerance.

To be sure, in August 1982 there was an attempted coup d'etat by discontented
Air Force officers which was suppressed after a few hours. Also, at the time
of the biggest famine, transportation and delivery of food functioned even in
the most. remote provinces, and apparently nobody died of starvation. Every
day the daily newspapers, the radio, and the television toast the man who is
supposed to have brought all this about, the "wise, clever, fatherly"
president: when he opens a new school, when he holds a graduation ceremony
for police students, when he personally shows corn farmers how the ground has
to be cultivated, when he advises music school graduates to promote Kenyan
folk songs, when he appeals for contributions for special treatments for a
girl suffering from a heart condition, when he accepts money for his anti-
famine-or tree-planting program - only cash please, no checks because they

‘often bounced. In any case, between the lines of cheer, once in a while a

cautious criticism of the patriarchal politics of the president appears.
When, for instance, the otherwise "pious" Moi newspapers reprint one of his
feared Sunday speeches, it is then, say the initiates, that his otherwise

-shiny image is marred. The former elementary school teacher is, assuredly,

anything other than a gifted speaker who is striking in his wisdom.

"Everyone listens to my orders", he told women who demanded more rights and
more of a share in the power of Kenya's male society. This happened at the
airport upon his return from Ethiopia. Or the way he dismissed the
unsuccessful "African socialism" of his presidential colleague Nyerere from
Tanzania with the simple remark: "My ideology is the stomach." The "friendly
dictator" Daniel Arap Moi, who thinks and speaks simply, but who often also
flares up, certainly fits in with the mood of the Kenyans, who feel
themselves superior, and who answer such disparaging characterizations by the
Tanzanians as: "Kenyans eat people", with the even more disparaging
"Tanzanians don't eat anything at all".

The president, who is constantly on the road, today here, tomorrow there,
tries to face one of the hardest problems of his country: birth control with
simple, homespun formulas. So, lately on one of his daily country jaunts, he
stopped in a small provincial town and told the women (who bring an average of
eight children into the world) surrounding his Mercedes 600: "Only birds lay

. eggs and entrust their progeny to fate after they are hatched." This may

sound primitive, but it makes sense.



[School teacher Miriam Thekiso]. I'am very much satisfied about Onderstepoort,

because the lands there are much bigger than this one and we will be able to
get a place where we will plough, so that we can get something at the end of
the year. And then, the land is fertile than this one. [As heard] We will

pe able to plant vegetables too. [End video]

CSO: 3400/147

66



This makes it all the more necessary for those willing to participate at this
stage to achieve some tangible results.

If they remain with empty hands, they will become complete outcasts.

Negotiations should obviously include elected political leaders of the likes
of Chief Buthelezi and others.

They represent an important segment of black opinion and the view that the
ANC is the only and real representative of blacks is arrogant nonsense.

Besides elected political leaders, the black community comprises many organ-
izations, unions, institutions and people of influence.

Preliminary negotiations should include them for they are in a position to ~
jeopardise even the most generally acceptable outcome of negotiations if their
co-operation is not involved. To ignore them or, even worse, to try to dis-
credit them, will be utter folly.

| .
Ina politically fragmented environment, negotiations should take place over
the broadest possible spectrum. If they do not, negotiations inevitably
strengthen the forces of polarization and alienation, which in turn will lead
to the erosion of the power-bases of those participating.

If the aim of negotiations is to establish relative peace and support for
negotiated agreements, negotiations cannot be restricted to traditional and
elected political leaders only. |

They should include charismatic leaders, community leadets, leaders of
organizations with influence and opinion-makers.

To be more specific: If ways and means can be found to mediate the participa-
tion of, for instance Inkatha, the UDF, the South African Council of Churches,
the Tutus and Motlanas, it would be a major step in the attempt to establish
avenues towards a just society. .

Sustained efforts, especially on the informal level, should be made to mediate
their participation.

Reasons for not being prepared to participate‘at this stage should be taken
seriously and could provide the agenda for initial talks.

In this respect it should be emphasized that the groundwork for negotiations
is not a responsibility of government alone.

One of the fallacies is the tendency to expect everything from the government.
The success of negotiations depends admittedly to a large extent on initia~
tives taken by government. It should, however, be bolstered by talks and
dialogues across the whole spectrum of our society.

59



JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

GUINEA

SOVIET TRADE UNION DELEGATION VISIT, COOPERATION DISCUSSED
Outline of Visit
Conakry HOROYA in French 21 Mar 85 p 3

[Article by Mamady Wasco Keita]

[Text] A delegation from the Soviet Trade Union Center which has been
in Guinea since Thursday 14 March, leaves Conakry this afternoon after
being the guests of the Prefectures of Kindia and Forecariah on 18 and
19 March.

Accompanied by members of the Executive Bureau of the National Worker's
Confederation of Guinea and the General Secretaries of Professional
Federations, the Soviet trade union representatives had as a goal
forming an association with Guinean workers and helping them to build
up our country. And, as Klopov, the mission chief, pointed out, "trade
unionism is practiced at the work place, with the workers, sharing
their problems and stimulating their morale." It all began at Kindia,
where the workers of the different sectors gave a warm welcome to the
delegation. Here, we should mention the positive participation of the
Prefect who, in the name of the Governor of the Province, greeted the
Soviet guests, especially noting the valuable aid which the USSR continues
to give to Guinea. This fact was also noted by the General Secretary of
the confederated Bureau of the National Confederation of the Workers

of Guinea, Dr Samba Kebé, who stressed the excellence of Soviet-Guinean
rapport in all areas.

The trade union representatives from the USSR then visited the Nene Khaly
Condetto Biological Research Institute, the Institute of Agro-Zootechnical
Science at Foulaya, and the mines at Debelé.

The next morning the delegation went to Maferinya in the Prefecture

of Forécariah, and the visit continued Wednesday at ENTA, Sobragui,
and Soprociment.

16


JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

RELATION OF SOCIALIST ECONOMY TO WESTERN TRADE ANALYZED
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 5 Apr 85 p 26

[Text] A number of African countries following the socialist path of
development after winning independence are now making an effort to reestablish
their relations with the West. Their Marxism provided the means of overcoming
decades of economic and social neglect. But the serious international
economic situation and, in some cases, the growing disillusionment with
centralized planning and the rate of development are leading these countries
to liberalize their economies and to seek Western investment.

Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and the Congo are. typical examples of these
trends. The FRELIMO, the Marxist-Leninist party which governs Mozambique, has
embarked upon a delicate exercise in balance, making an effort to maintain a
socialist domestic policy, while turning ever increasingly toward the West in
search of financial resources.

A Vanguard Party

Some say that this is possible, and they cite the success of the Soviet Union
in encouraging private foreign investments in the 2 decades which followed the
October Revolution. But the economic atmosphere is more hostile now, and the
Soviet Union was not to reach any understanding with the International
Monetary Fund (IMF).

The FRELIMO is more pragmatic about the socialist path of development than it
was 9 years ago when independence was won.

No one disputes that the great state rural operations and highly centralized
planning were very costly failures. But the debate continues concerning the
reasons for these failures.

Was it because the Portuguese left Mozambique with so few trained people--only
15 percent could read and write when independence was won--or were there more
basie problems with the large farm operations and the central planning in a
country characterized by subsistence farming and in which there is no shortage
of land?

33



In this climate a great onus rests.on:newspapers. With the passing of
the MAIL a vigorous voice of dissent ‘has been stilled. The gap that the
MAIL will leave is immense. The quality and range of available news will
diminish. The proportion of Nationalist newspaper voices goes up,

with consequences for. the whole structure of news dissemination.

Pressures to conform will increase: “Look at the awful fate that befell
the MAIL...."

No other newspaper can immediately. take the MAIL's. place. Down the years
it was a pathfinder--and a lightning conductor. Other ‘newspapers will be
obliged to assume the role of scapegoat.. The going will be tough,

and white public sentiment possibly less than supportive.

There are fine journalists and newspapers that are ready to meet the
challenge--if they are allowed to. The litmus test is simple: if voices
grow muted then the country will be going backward.

We who have loved this newspaper, and worked joyously on it, take our leave
of you now, in trepidation and in hope.

cso:  3400/102

53



JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

GUINEA

OFFENSIVE AGAINST GOLD, PRECIOUS GEM TRAFFICKERS INTENSIFY
Conakry HOROYA in French 23 Mar 85 p 7

{Article: "Sixteen Kilograms of Gold Seized From a Trafficker"]

[Text] Thére were 16,125 kilograms of gold and’
7.19 carets of diamonds seized at the airport.

The person carrying them receives 6 months in prison
and a fine of -4,943.405 syls. .

The fight to stop the destabilization and smothering tactics being used
against the Guinean economy is beginning to pear fruit. This fight was
begun by the Second Republic and was reinvigorated by the recent National
Customs Conference.

In fact, each day that passes brings forth better fruit. Each day
victories are noted against those who devote themselves to the fraudulent
importation of merchandise, to the re-exportation of goods imported by
the Guinean government, to the equally fraudulent exportation of precious
stones, or to the perfidious monetary transactions which are presently
causing great damage because of the unofficial market in foreign exchange
stock. Such transactions, very strong and well provisioned, regularly
benefit Guineans of the wrong category: the traffickers.

A case of this type was discovered a short time ago at the Conakry
International Airport. It happened Saturday, 2 February 1985 at 9:30 pm.
That day Airport Customs seized 16.125 kilograms of gold in powder form
and 7.19 carats of jewelry grade diamonds from Ousmane Diakhaby who was
attempting to export them.

Ousmane Diakhaby, an import-export dealer of his country, who was leaving
for Brussels by air, vainly tried to "arrange a deal" with Adjudant
Mamadouba Sylla, called "N'Poré" to whom he allegedly proposed 150,000
sylis, to be paid as soon as Sylla had taken care of checking of his
baggage.

19



{Apeosye sourty Aweur os dn joys)

86



JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

NIGERIANIZATION OF SWISS COMPANIES--Swiss companies operating in Nigeria have
been told to Nigerianize their management positions. The idea is to put an end
to the present practice of asking for expatriate quota for jobs that qualified
Nigerians can perform. The minister of national planning, Chief Michael Adigun,
made the demand in Lagos while exchanging views with the Swiss ambassador to
Nigeria, Mr Alfred Ruegg. He commended the efforts of Swiss companies operating
in Nigeria but said that they should go into manufacturing instead of making
finished products. Chief Adigun told the ambassador that investment opportun-
ities abound in the country in spite of the present economic (?crisis), point-
ing out that many companies have been recording high dividends. The minister
also asked Switzerland to buy more Nigerian goods to effect a balance of trade
with Nigeria. Dr Ruegg informed the minister that there was a growing interest
by Swiss nationals to do business with Nigeria. He assured the minister that
his country would strive to achieve a well-balanced trade with Nigeria. [Text]
[Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMI 4 Apr 85 AB]

VICTIMS TO BE COMPENSATED--Appropriate actions are being taken to compensate
victims of the recent antiaircraft test firing exercise in Lagos. The exer-
cise resulted in the loss of lives and damage to property. In a statement in
Lagos today, the Nigerian Air Force said that reports of an investigation con-
ducted confirmed some of the reported incidents. Again, the Air Force expressed
regret over the incident and said that the statements on them credited to the
chief of air staff, Air Vice Marshal Ibrahim Alfa, by a newspaper was erroneous.
It gave an assurance that more efforts would be made in future exercises to
avoid such accidents. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT

4 Apr 85 AB]

YUGOSLAV ASSISTANCE PLEDGED--Minna, 6 Apr (NAN)--The Yugoslavian ambassador to
Nigeria, Mr Ramadan Marmulaku has pledged his country's assistance to the Niger-
ian Government in its economic development programmes. He said during a
courtesy call on the state commissioner for health and social development, Dr
Musa Inuwa, on Thursday, that his visit would help him to explore avenues of
cooperation between Yugoslavia and Nigeria. Earlier, the commissioner called
on Yugoslavia to assist the state, especially in health services. [Text]

{Lagos NAN in English 1314 GMT 6 Apr 85 AB]

COMMENTS ON GHANA-BURKINA MERGER--The DAILY TIMES comments on the proposed
merger of Burkina Faso and Ghana. It believes that the plan may be no more

40



has been rife, cruel, and savage. In the face of this onslaught, the govern-
ment has let it be known that South African security forces will in future
keep a high profile in the unrest area. And, indeed, it cannot do otherwise.

Black moderates in the country, who constitute by far the majority, need to
be protected, and are demanding counteraction from the authorities.

cso: 3400/102

81



As far as the latter is concerned, a scrapping of influx control measures and
pass laws will certainly be an important bridge across the existing gap of

trust.

Moreover, it should not be substituted: by other control measures which regu-
late the urbanization of blacks.

What is needed is a policy framework by means of which urbanization can be
managed instead of being controlled and regulated.

The allocation of freehold title rights and the removal of restrictions on
the development of the informal sector and informal housing will also enhance

the building of confidence and trust.

It could be argued that some of these issues should be part and parcel of the
negotiating agenda and should not be decided on by the government unilaterally.

This argument has some merit, provided it. does not lead to a prolonged process
of implementation and that the end result will-get the support of black
leaders. .

It should be kept in mind that the. end results negotiated on issues like influx
control will determine whether there will be credible black leaders who are
willing to participate in negotiations on constitutional and other issues.

It. should furthermore be emphasized that blacks have a significant role to
play in fostering a more positive climate for negotiation.

Radical rhetoric, unrealistic claims, uncompromising attitudes and acts of
violence are detrimental to the spirit of reform and a positive negotiating
climate.

They generate fears and rightwing backlash and contribute to the further en-
“trenchment of traditional positions.

What is needed. is a scaling down: of. claims and views. And this is most cer-
tainly not a "whites only" affair.

Another critical question is with whom to negotiate. Past experience makes
it clear that whites can neither select with whom to: negotiate, nor create a
negotiating leadership through imposed institutions.

The decision about whom their leaders are, is the prerogative of blacks.

Some blacks argue that real negotiations are out of the question because
most. of their leaders are either banned or in prison, and their organizations
declared illegal.

The UDF and Azapo, representing divergent black opinion, are for various
reasons also not interested in talks and negotiations at this stage. Ina
nutshell: . negotiating partners are not easy to find nor willing to come to
the fore.

58



JPRS-~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY. EXAMINES ‘TRANSFORMATION OF RENAMO
MB261200 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 26 Apr 85
[Station commentary: "RENAMO']

[Text] In southern Africa, characterized as it has been in the past decade
by rapid and farreaching changes, the. phenomenon of political movements
undergoing fundamental. transformations in their. nature and goals is not
unusual. But it is doubtful whether it has occurred anywhere more
incongruously and with greater harm tothe country concerned than it has
in the case of the RENAMO [Mozambique National Resistance] movement of
Mozambique in the past couple of years.

Certainly, no movement has switched so radically from a primary concern
for the stable development of its country to a blind determination to
destroy stability and development.in its efforts to gain power. In its
years of growth, RENAMO claimed with some justification to be a popular
resistance movement. It merged and spread as a force chiefly in reaction
to the misguided economic policies applied by the Frelimo government,

and the subsequent ‘traumatic deterioration of the determinants of the
people's welfare, the provision of services, employment, and economic
performance in general.

In due course, a new element. was introduced, with the participation of
embittered Portuguese colonials and businessmen whose interests had been
affected by independence. Nevertheless, in that period, RENAMO, the MNR
as it called itself then, was still essentially,a movement deriving its
support from the disillusionment of the people with the country's social
and economic retrogressions. A significant proportion of its leadership
actually consisted of disenchanted Frelimo officers. That concern for

a return to stability and economic development, as events since the signing
of the Nkomati Accord 13 months ago have demonstrated all too clearly,

has disappeared.

Today, RENAMO is a rebel political movement in the classical Third World
mold, out to seize power by force and pursuing that aim through strategy
of destroying the very conditions it was originally designed to create.
Whereas the Nkomati Accord might have supposed to be welcomed as a break-
through toward the original aims, its effect instead was to act as a spur
to increase destruction of productive resources. The escalation of attacks



community to be actively involved in the just cause of elimination of apartheid
in South Africa will not only be a positive victory, but also a victory for all
humanity. On arms control, the minister said the militarization of outer space
amounts to a new and dangerous form of expansionism. that gravely threatens
world peace. Comrade Mangwende said Zimbabwe is of the opinion that arms
control talks should not be confined to nuclear powers only but to an inter-
national forum such as the United Nations. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service

in English 0400 GMT 9 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/172 END

117



JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

FAO OFFICIAL VISITING--The FAO director general, Mr Edouard Saouma, is in
Lesotho on a 3-day official visit during which he will hold talks with the
ministers of agriculture and marketing, planning, employment and economic
affairs, and cooperatives and rural development. Mr Saouma will be taken
on a conducted tour of the (Makhoati) food-self-sufficiency scheme, the

food and vegetable cannery at (Matsianekeng),! the (Sihlabatebe) and (Thabana
Morena) projects. He will also tour the industrial: area and agricultural
projects around Maseru. Before’ leaving Lesotho’ on Wednesday, he will pay a
courtesy call on his majesty, the king, and the right honorable prime min-
ister. [Text] [Maseru Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 29 Apr 85 MB]

INFORMATION MINISTER RETURNS--The minister of information and broadcasting,
the Honorable D.T. Sixishe, returned to Maseru yesterday after attending a
special conference on the independence of Namibia in New Delhi, India. The
conference, which was called by the Nonaligned Movement, was attended by more
than 100 fraternal. organizations and was chaired by the Indian prime minister,
Mr Rajiv Gandhi. After the New Delhi meeting, the minister proceeded to
Indonesia where he represented Lesotho at the 30th anniversary of Asian-
African conference in Bandung. The Bandung conference of 1955 was believed
to have been the forerunner of the Nonaligned Movement. The minister was
accompanied on this trip by the official for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Mr (R. Mahawula). [Text] [Maseru Domestic.Service in English 1130 GMT

29 Apr 85 MB]

DANISH AGRICULTURAL AID--A management agreement for the Lesotho national
abattoir and the Lesotho feedlot project was signed between the government

of Lesotho and DANAGRO advisor AF of Denmark today.* Under this agreement
DANAGRO will provide, the Lesotho Government with a management team necessary
for the operation of the two projects. The team will consist of a general
manager, financial controller, production manager, feedlot manager , and main-
tenance engineer. Speaking at this occasion the honorable minister of agri-
culture, Mr Peete N. Peete, said this project is unique because it will reach
even the poorest citizen of this country, as Basotho are livestock keeping
people. [Excerpt] [Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 8 May 85 MB]

cso: 3400/155

27



JPRS-SSA~85-043

24 May 1985

ANGOLA

SWEDISH AID TO. FISHING. INDUSTRY. INCREASES:

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Mar 85 p 3

[Text] The aid to Angola by the Swedish International Development Fund

(SIDA) within the framework of the cooperation agreement in the area of
fisheries signed in 1979 between Angola and Sweden is valued at about
30 million kronor.

This information was revealed to the Angolan Press Agency (ANGOP) Thursday
by the director of the International Exchange Office of the Ministry of
Fisheries, Sebastiao Makiadi Lopes, responsible for the Angolan side of

the agreement with SIDA. According to this source, the agreement pertains
to craft-scale fishing, the training of Angolan cadres and fisheries research
for the protection of Angolan biological resources.

With. regard to craft-scale fishing, Sebastiao Makiadi said that SIDA has
already supplied the Ministry of Fisheries with 30 small boats and 19 others
are expected to arrive.

The fisheries official emphasized that another coastwise support vessel
and Swedish boat repair technicians may arrive in Angola shortly.

At the same time, he said that fishery research difficulties have been
minimized with the modernization by SIDA of the vessel "Goa," designed
for the collection of ocean data, temperature and the evaluation of species.

The vessel had remained damaged in Lobito for a long time and its
reconditioning in Sweden cost SIDA about 10 million Swedish kronor. Sweden
sent a three-man crew to. Angola for that scientific vessel. Makiadi
revealed also that Angola is going to purchase two other small scientific
vessels and material for a laboratory that the Ministry of Fisheries wants
to build in Luanda.

In the area of the training of cadres, a center called Cefopescas has been
built in Cacuaco to train middle-level technicians, including ship
electricians and engine, cooling and telecommunications technicians. The
center was opened in 1982 with 150 students, five of whom are natives of
Sao Tome.



JPRS-SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SYCOPHANTIC TRADITIONAL RULERS CRITICIZED--The NATIONAL ConcuKv supports a
recent advice by the former director general of the Nigerian Security Organ-
ization [NSO], Alhaji Umaru Tsinkafi, that traditional rulers should be less
sycophantic while commenting on national issues. The paper agrees with the
former NSO boss, adding that traditional rulers have been quick to praise
each successive administration only to condemn it at its downfall. The
CONCORD is of the opinion that traditional rulers should find more permanent
ways of making their institutions more positively relevant to national goals,
development, and progress. The paper believes that they can obtain this
through an active identification with good desires and aspirations of their -
people. The paper advises that natural rulers should never for a moment
ignore their duties to the people and the nation at large. The CONCORD, on
a final note, states that history has proven that sycophancy by an interest ~
groups cannot sustain a government, [Text] [From the press review] [Lagos
International Service in English 0830 GMT 17 Apr 85 AB]

COMMENTS ON ALIENS’ EXPULSION--Illegal aliens in Nigeria have been given un-
til 10 May to leave the Nigerian territory, This is the decision made by the
Nigerian Government within the framework of its policy of economic reorganiza~
tion and redress. Let us point out that this a sovereign decision upon which
no one has commented yet outside of Nigeria. However, if we refer to a similar
decision made by former President Shehu Shagari some months before the fall of
his regime, one can make some observations. Under the civilian government,
the hunt for the numerous illegals had some unfortunate and nefarious effects
on the good image of this brotherly country, rightly regarded as the giant of
Africa, [passage indistinct] The decision to drive away non-Nigerians from
the territory of our western neighbor is likely to take some victims among
Chadians, to the satisfaction of the Ndjamena group which has continued to
make underhanded deals in order to cause Nigeria to expel the Chadian refugees.
For its part, the GUNT [Transitional National Union Government] intends to
intervene directly or indirectly on behalf of our brothers living inthat
country. [passage indistinct] [Text] [(Clandestine) Bardai Chadian National
Radio in Frency 1800 GMT 17 Apr 85 AB]

RELATIONS WITH CAMEROON--The (?souring) relationship between Nigeria and Camer-
Cameroon engages the attention of the PUNCH, Apart from the border disputes
between the two countries, says the paper, the recent Cameroon's Lango Dam
project is threatening the livelihood of some Nigerian citizens. The paper be-
lieves that with a little more cooperation and understanding, the two nations
can put a stop to the unpredictable and unproductive nature of their relation-
ship. It thinks that a permanent commission between both nations may: be the
right panacea. The PUNCH equally urges the Federal Government to take the
initiative and end this unpredictable relationship with Cameroon. « [Text]

[From the press review] [Lagos International Service in Englist 0830 GMT

20 Apr 85 AB) : _

LAND CLASH KILLINGS, ARRESTS--Abwa (Benue), 20 Apr (NAN)~-The military governor
of Benue, Brigadier Atom Kpera, yesterday ordered a judicual inquiry into the
clash last Monday between Etulo and Mbagen communities in the Gboko local
government area over a piece of land. During a visit to the disputed land at
Abwa, Brigadier Kpera described the clash, which claimed four lives and left
many houses burnt as "very unfortunate." He warned the people against taking



In Tanzania alone Amoco paid 2.5 million dollars for geological information
provided by the State Petroleum Development Corporation, and at the beginning
of last month signed for rights to 100,000 square kilometres (40,000 square
miles) of unexplored territory in the centre and south of the country, at an’.
annual cost of two dollars per square kilometre.

Amoco, which appears to be leading the rush in the region, is understood also
to have signed a deal with Burundi to explore an area at the northern tip of
Lake Tanganyika, and to be interested in the Zairean and Tanzanian sectors of

the lake.

In Kenya, 14 different companies bought 18 copies of a report on geological
data about the northwest and the northeast of the country at a ‘cost of 40,000
dollars each. There too, Amoco is leading the field, being the first to snap
up areas on offer, plumping for the Turkana area in the northwest toward Sudan.

Petro-Canada is to explore on behalf of the Kenyan government in the northeast
up to Somalia, and other oil companies, including France's elf-Aquitaine and
CFP-TOTAL, and Exxon, Texaco, Mobil of the United States, and others, have
reportedly expressed an interest in other areas. :

The new hopes are based on the theory that the Rift Valley geological formation
running from Ethiopia down through Kenya and Tanzania and responsible for the
formation of the great lakes has hydrocarbon potential, expert sources ‘said.
They are also linked to the major oil finds made by Chevron in southern Sudan.

But oil exploration experts stress that little is yet really known about the
geology of the region from this point of view, as too little work has taken
place yet.

Oil companies can spend many months surveying and analysing data before drilling
a "wildcat" or first exploratory well that will cost millions of dollars--and
likely as not still prove dry.

The logistics involved in setting up an exploration site and bringing in a
drilling rig and all the associated back-up are also formidable and make such
ventures very costly, the experts point out.

"So it's a risky and expensive business," said the exploration director of one
corporation active in the region. "But the rewards are great."

cso: 3400/118


At least temporarily, the FRELIMO is avoiding major state development projects
and is giving more support to small commercial and farm enterprises, both
private and cooperative.

The serious crisis in farm products means that priority is going to the
farmers, to whom resources and machinery are being provided so that they can
produce more.

Some land has been distributed to the peasants, mainly the best ones.
Sacrifice of the "Sacred Cows"

The budget and the national plan for 1984 recognize that the subsidies for
food and labor have led to a credit explosion which must be contained.
Enterprises have been authorized to dismiss excess manpower, while the state
has placed a freeze on employment. . .

The sacrifice of a number of the "sacred cows" of.the FRELIMO, although it has
not been announced, is included in the plan. Some public officials will be
dismissed in order to reduce state expenditures. Food subsidies will be
reduced and other prices increased, and health and education will cease to be
free. Fixed prices will be abandoned for some products, in a turn toward a
freer market system. There is even talk of denationalization and parts of the
state-owned farm properties have been offered to Lornrho and other
enterprises.

An intensive internal debate concerning these changes is in progress, and this
iis one of the reasons they have not yet been announced in Mozambique.

5157
CSO: 3442/352

36



SPRS-~Ssa,
~85~
24 May 1985 043

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

KADUNGURE EXHORTS ARMY MEMBERS--The minister of state responsible for
defense, Comrade Ernest Kadungure, has urged members of the Zimbabwe National
Army, ZNA, to take advantage of courses offered by the army to improve
their operational efficiency. He was speaking at a pass-out parade of

71 army officers at the Zimbabwe Military Academy in Gweru today, Comrade
Kadungure said newly qualified army officers should impart their skills

to their subordinates for the betterment of the army. The 71 officers
attended the 15th foundation course and were accompanied by 20 officers,
who received their certificates after completing the fourth commanders"
course. The aim of the commanders' course is to give a sound theoretical
knowledge of classical war tactics, and a [word indistinct] of supporting
weapons (?7in service) at infantry and subunit level. [Text] [Harare
Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 26 Apr 85]

ZVOBGO URGES STIFFER SENTENCES--The government believes that there is no
better way of reducing Zimbabwe's crime rate than severe penalties for those
convicted. The minister of justice, legal and parliamentary affairs,
Comrade Eddison Zvobgo, said longer prison terms should be more effective
in reducing crime. He was opening. a 1-day conference on corruption, fraud,
and theft, yesterday. Citing a recent case of a court clerk who stole more
than 80,000 dollars, Comrade Zvobgo said the courts have tended to do more
justice to the offender than the victim. The minister said the government
believes that rehabilitation should be an addition to the punishment

for the offense, not'a substitution for it. He said the crime problem
facing the country is so serious that the government cannot experiment
with new types of reformative principles. However, Comrade Zvobgo said
the government is open to any suggestions, which might help to reduce

the overall crime rate. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English

0500 GMT 26 Apr 85]

ELIMINATION OF APARTHEID URGED--A government minister says one of the positive
things that came out of the allied victory over Nazism in the Second World
War was the creation of conditions favorable for socialist construction. The
minister of foreign affairs, Comrade Witness Mangwende, was speaking at a
reception marking the 40th anniversary of Czechoslovakia's independence in
Harare yesterday. He said it was for this reason that countries in Southern
Africa have called upon the entire peace-loving and progressive international

116


For its part, the Senegalese government has an elighbiliry commisaion which .
studies the cases of candidates requesting the status of refugee, Statistics
released by’ the Senegalese government, however, are incredibly inconsistent, no
more so, however, than those of many countries when it comes to this subject.
Senegal ‘claimed to have 5,200 refugees in January 1984, It must be added that,
at the time, Sékou Touré was still alive and, undoubtedly, officials were
trying to spare his feelings: There were more “African brothers" than refugees.
In November 1984, however, during CIARA II, Senegal declared that it had
between 300,000. to 400,000 refugees most of whom were Guineans, One refugee
commented: "We are being used to obtain funds."

6857 :
cso: 3419/370

%



JPRS~SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

GHANA

AIRSTRIPS TO BE REHABILITATED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Apr 85 p 1
{Article by Debrah Flynn]

[Text] Airstrips scattered all over the country are to be rehabilitated to.
serve their original purpose of facilitating the movement of People and
goods between the north and south of the country.

Feasibility studies on how best to accomplish this. objective will be .conducted
from 10 April to 10 May, this year. :

Some of the airstrips to be rehabilitated include those sited at Axim, Kete-
Krachi, Wa and Navrongo but which after their construction, have not been

operating.

Mr Kwame Peprah, secretary of transport and communications, dropped this hint
at Wa last Friday after inspecting the Wa airstrip with some officials of the
Ghana Highway Authority (GHA), the Airforce, Ghana Airways Corporation, the
Civil Aviation Department and the Ministry of Works and Housing.

Mr Peprah stated that the rehabilitation of the existing airstrips would
enable both the Ghana Airways and the Airforce to shuttle between those areas
to cut down on the transportation problem facing the country.

He said the ministry, under the programme, will mobilise local resources both
manually and financially for the exercise.

The secretary, therefore, called on'local contractors in the areas. earmarked
to offer the needed support by releasing their machinery for the success of
the exercise.

Mr Joseph Yieleh Chireh, upper west regional Secretary, who received the en-
tourage gave the assurance that the people of Wa would offer every support in

the exercise and called on the ministry to do everything within its means to
ensure the success of the programme.

Also present was Mr Steve Akuffo, under-secretary for works and housing.

cso: 3400/169
10


Commentary Discusses Role of ANC in Unrest
(Johannesburg International Service, 30 Apr B5)aceccccccee

Commentary Examines Transformation of Renamo
: (Johannesburg Domestic Service, 26 Apr B5)aseeee wecwecees

Le Grange's Political Survivability Examined o
(Brian Pottinger; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr 85)..essecseceeeeees

Inter-Racial University Enrollment Increases

(SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr 85).s.sveesesccecrececeseeesseenerees,

Racial Reclassification Figures Given
(Norman West; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr 85)..

‘Administrator Lauds Decision on Cape Beaches .
(THE CITIZEN, 27 Apr 85).cecececccccccccccccccscccsscccoee

ISCOR's Coal-Based Reduction Plant Scores Breakthrough

(Tom McCuaig; MINING WEEK, 10 Apr 85) veccccccsssccccesence

Afrikaner, Black Nationalist Crisis Reviewed
+ (THE SUNDAY STAR, 7 Apr 85).sceseccccccccccccccsccoscccvce

Growing Opposition, by Alan Paton
Blacks Divided, by David Breier

CITY PRESS Appeals for Peace Within Black Community
(Editorial; CITY PRESS, 28 Apr B5)secevevees

Acid Rain Levels Show No Threat to Johannesburg
(THE CITIZEN, 24 Apr 85)sccccccccescccccccccccccccccessoes

Industrial Land Price Rise Reported
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Apr 85).ssccccssceccveeses

Engineering Industry's Problems Detailed
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Apr 85)...

Revenue From Minerals Leaps
(Roy Bennetts; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr 85).ssccecccccecccceees

Huge Black Population Shift Foreseen

(Sampie Terreblanche; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Apr 85) sececccceocs :

Heunis: Black Aspirations Must Get Priority . .
(Brain Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 29 Apr 85).ssecccccececceeeces

Whites, Blacks Join Forces in Wage Demands .
_ (Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Apr B5) ccccccccceccccsccece

-e-

80

82

84

88

89

90

91

92

92

93

95

96

97

98

99

101

103 .

104



REVISION OF BLACK CITIZENSHIP LAWS URGED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Apr 85 p 31
[Article by Marinus Wiechers: "One Man, One Citizenship"]

[Text]

JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

(PERHAPS thé most noto¥ipusetatement in the history of France was the suggestion

‘by Marie Antoinette that the hungry
able. A statement certain to acquire a similarly

masses should eat cake if bread was no
tesque place in South Africa’s

avail-

‘history is the declaration by a former Minister, Dr Connie Mulder, that one day there

would be no South African blacks in the Republic — they would all be foreigners.
But the fact of the

Today this declaration sounds too far-fetched to be taken seriously.
our existing black citizenship

that itremains the underlying dogma of

"Ror. black people “this” ~~” ~
‘prediction of a white, . ve weg eee
coloured and ". ‘To ascribe homeland citi-

citi * South’ ‘Africa's citizenship’

i 0.
‘genship in South’ Africa ‘

inh tte ME" ay Caine aah
ieuecnsle Geld acme Seay as eter
: LN a :
‘Nothing has been changed on which the original grand fina homeland but also de-"
‘in those laws elaborately. . gcheme of separate devel- scent, a personal relation-
‘ designed and applied toim- opment was founded. "ship or cultural affiliation
:plement the original ‘To understand this com- “with homeland people.
‘gcheme of massive dena- ~ piex situation, one should ! Y
: Honalisation. a plex poner sets ‘a In this way no black per
i Admittedly, in his oper- jaw of 1949 which regulates SO. n,$ eNded for decades
Hing address to Parliament ‘the overall subject of South |; ‘so-called white :
ee seer ed that the it, Atricanjcltnensiip, La South Aten ~ coal ec
igenspissve woul receive, insofar aot acknowl _ ape homeland citizenship.
high Brlority. On Friday he that all people (with afew = | ‘

Eivetion macy em oe |

: . went ving in te scape

: ‘ d as'well as their QM,

Complex descendants, are South And sn ranting the
; But the question re-' “In 1968, separate citizen- ifswana, Ciskel and Venda
“mains: to what extent will ship for the Transkei was independence, the South
ithe Government the introduced and‘in 1970 African Parliament unilat-
Hmost fundamental truth on ‘black citi ip for all the -erally enacted that all citi-
F mode other homelands followed. these. ,territories.

“fon to the South African;

\d residence? if'a non-

t cif =
ePID [Independent homeland al.

matter is

"lowed them to assume its
citizenship.

‘And so the nitimate
dream remains: if all home-

bgp

|. Suffice "it to say that
‘these. laws have created
‘anomalies and evoked sus-
:plelon fear and resentment
Hn all black communities.
t People who have always
jeonsidered themselves

of
Peco cos
i ty of acquir-
tng property rights.

} Black people who ‘be*
jcame after the
‘Andependence of “their”
‘homelands have rétained



JPRS-SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

FAMILIES AGREE TO MOVE FROM MATHOPESTAD
MB031712 Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 27 Apr 85

[Text] One hundred and twenty-five of the 230 families living in Mathopestad,
in the western Transvaal, have agreed to move to the newly established Mimosa
Township of Rustenburg. The families made this decision after a group from
Math visited the new township last week. Rusty van Druten went to both areas
and compiled this report.

[Begin recording] Conditions are unhygienic, and even drinking water has to
be purchased. There is not enough room for expansion, and there are no medical
facilities [video showing people and facilities at Mathopestad]. But all these
disadvantages are not seen as enough reason by many of the residents to move
to the newly established Mimosa Township bordering on Bophuthatswana territory,
north of Rustenburg. In all, there are 230 families here in Mathopestad which
has been home to the tribe since 1912.

But now, 125 of these families have decided, after having visited the new area
for the first time last week, that they are in fact prepared to move in the
hope of a better future, They are ready to go immediately, but the infrastruc-
ture is not yet quite completed, and workers are hoping to finish off the last
remaining tasks within the next 2 weeks. Meanwhile, there is still the pro-
blem of getting the cooperation of the remaining 105 families before any move
can be made, as the. government have said quite categorically that no move will
be effected without the approval of the residents.

The new Mimosa site has everything necessary for a prosperous future. [Video
shows facilities at Mimosa site, school, agricultural land.] With 2,000
hectares--900 more than Mathopestad--there is good potential for many forms

of agricultural activity, and water is plentiful. There is a school with 16
classrooms, a clinic, and the very latest irrigation equipment for the lands.
Place for 900 families has been prepared, and, sited only 20 km from large in-
dustrial and mining activity, there is plenty of work opportunity. We spoke
to a few of the residents who have decided to move.

[Unidentified male] We get one bus a day, which runs from here to Rustenburg.
Then, I have got many jobs to do with the office--and the office from here to
Rustenburg, is about 70 km. So, if I cannot get a car nearby, I will be late
for my duties at the office, and so on.

65



But Sylla declined the offer, the size of which must have convinced
him that the valise contained something of great value, thus showing
proof that a new attitude is beginning to emerge among our customs
officials.

Immediately Sylla made him close his suitcase and sent him to his
superiors in the Customs Office, Major Sékou Diallo and Captain Ousmane
Diallo, The Brigade Chief.

After the preliminary investigation and verification at the Service
of Mines level concerning the quality and quantity of the merchandise,
the gold and diamonds were deposited in the Central Bank, and the
offender was indicted 4 February 1985. Arraigned before the Tribunal
of Conakry I, Mr Ousmane Diakhaby was sentenced 20 March.

What took place at the trial?

It must be said that all went relatively well at this public trial. It
was presided over by Aissatou, the Vice-President of the Tribunal of
Conakry I. The Public Ministry was represented by Ammar Balde,
Prosecuter of the Republic and the civil sector was represented by
Major Sekou Diallo, the chief of the Airport Customs Post.

The accused, Ousmane Diakhaby, who has 2 wives and 10 children living,
never once denied the facts of which he was accused. So, he emerged
from his trial with a firm sentence of 6 months in prison and a fine
equal to the value of the goods seized from him, a sum of 4,943,405

sylis.

12230
CSO: 3419/359


JPRS~SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

to sneak through the wide Angola-Zambia border. This was disclosed by the
immigration and border control office last Sunday. The immigration spokesman
said that most of the culprits were businessmen and peasants living along the
border and Angolans living in Zambia who are often used by businessmen who pay
them in money or clothes. .UNITA has set up immigration posts along the border
and people from both sides of the border who wish to visit their relatives are
issued with valid visas and may stay up to 2 weeks. The colonial border par-
tition has divided communities. as well as entire families. Despite the fact
that the culprits were caught in possession of firearms at the time of their
capture and had avoided established immigration posts, they were not harassed.
They were simply handed over to the Zambian authorities. We want to have nor-
mal relations with our neighbors, the immigration spokesman added. The
Angolan-Zambian border has been fully controlled by UNITA since early last year.
[text] [MBO71354 (Clandestine) KUP in Portuguese to Southern and Central
Africa 1200 GMT 7 May 85] _

NEW ENVOY TO PORTUGAL--Mwaete Joao Baptista, the new ambassador of the People's
Republic of Angola in Portugal, who arrived in Lisbon yesterday, said at
Portela Airport in the Portuguese capital that he was bearing a message of
peace, understanding, and progress from the Angolan people to the: Portuguese
people. Addressing the Portuguese press, the Angolan diplomat said that it
was the responsibility of the Portuguese authorities to work toward promoting
such relations with Angola, for, as he stated, the Angolan people have a his-
toric mission and they want to accomplish it in the interest of both countries.
His opinion, which reflects the view of the People's Republic of Angola, is
that the Angolan and Portuguese peoples will be able to work together with a
view to making cooperation between the two states advantageous. Mwaete Joao
Baptista, who was recently appointed by the president of the republic to the
post of Angolan ambassador to Portugal, replaced diplomat Fernando Franca Van
Dunem, who has been summoned to Luanda to fill the post of deputy external rela~
tions minister. Before being appointed ambassador to Portugal, Mwaete Joao
Baptista represented the People's Republic of Angola in Algeria and later in
the Republic of Cuba. The credentials now accrediting him as Angolan represen—
tative to the Portuguese government will be presented shortly in Lisbon to
General Ramalho Eanes, president of the Portuguese Republic. [Text] [MB021504
Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 2 May 85]

BPV MEMBERSHIP INCREASES--Chitato--The people of Lunda-Norte Province |
continue to join the Popular Vigilance Brigades (BPV's), thus fulfilling
the objectives of defending the gains achieved. In Dundo, an awareness~
raising meeting of the workers of the Angolan Diamond Company (DIAMANG )

and the people who live in the vicinity of this city was held recently
with a view to their joining the BPV's. The awareness meeting was directed
by the provincial coordinator of the BPV's Jose Cipriano, and was attended
by the municipal commissar of Chitato and the administrator of DIAMANG,
Jose Franco and Ambrosio Makenda, respectively. [Excerpt] [Luanda JORNAL

DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Mar 85 p 3] 8711

MMEMORATION--Moscow, 9 May, (ANGOP)--TASS announces that an Angolan
ae epation led by Francisco Magalhaes Paiva Nvunda, deputy defense minister .
and member of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the wm ae 10
Party, is currently in Moscow where it will attend the celebrations of toe :
40th anniversary of victory over Hitlerite fascism. [Text] [Luanda n

French 1030 GMT 9 May 85 MB]


university of Nairobi closed for an indeterminate length of time. The
students were then living off their parents who often had scrimped and saved
in order to pay for the expensive tuition fees. In the long run, this also
will serve to foster strife, discontent, and unrest.

Daniel Arap Moi, whom supporters celebrate as "God's gift", also acts
ruthlessly against cattle thieves and Somalian "bandits". Whether it's like a
short time ago at the border with Uganda, or like at the beginning of 1984 at
the border area with Somalia - the president hunts down the "criminal
elements" mercilessly with combat helicopters and fighter bombers. Afterwards
he boasts, full of pride: they were not punished by "ordinary rain from
heaven", but by a "rain of fire". More than a thousand people died. However
in the case of Uganda the operation had been arranged with Obote's military
forces; in Somalia's case Moi subsequently concluded a border agreement which
ended a year-long bloody conflict.

Unlike his authoritarian predecessor Jomo Kenyatta, Moi travels a lot in
foreign countries, be it in Europe, in America, in Asia, or in Africa ~ where
he ably presided over the OAU (Organization of African States) during a
difficult time. He even reconciled himself with Tanzania - another archenemy
of Kenya from earlier times. Thereupon, Nyerere opened the borders again. Moi
aids Sudan, Uganda, and Ethiopia as best he can ~- in the same way, he is
trying hard to promote peace and order inside his own country among rival
tribes and among the anxious Kenyan Asians (who were born in the country but
whose hearts beat for India, and who have invested their money securely in
London).

Experts in Nairobi report that after the violent looting of Indian businesses
and apartments following the army revolt of August 1982, partly with the aid
of the army and the police, many Asians had already packed their suiteases
again: just get away from Kenya. Since then, they are investing in the land
again and are doing lucrative business as before.

Supposedly, the poorer Kenyans are not at all jealous of the ostentatious
wealth of the "upper ten thousand". Apparently they even admire such a
pretentious life of luxury in the same way that their own large families are
viewed as visible evidence of manly vigor. Apparently, they unreservedly
approve of their politicians and, above all, their president (who alone owns
three models of the Mercedes 600) having their various bank aecounts together
with their shares in all possible profitable businesses. Apparently, the
"ones on top" can afford to do anything, to bribe, and to be bribed.
Supposedly, a thoroughbred politician like the highly regarded "Sir Charles"
Njonjo keeps Silent as long as he is allowed to continue to hold the political
and: economic reins in the background - maybe even to president Moi's
advantage, so long as he can go undisturbed about his profitable interests,
whether in South Africa or in England. It is being whispered, and not so
quietly, either, that Njonjo knows exactly what "skeletons in the closet" Moi
still has and how many. Thus, the two have to rely on each other even now
after the outward estrangement: the president and his old henchman who first
made him president.

25



vipers in our bosom,” the arti-
- ele states.

As the idea of a National
Convention to decide the po-
litical system of the country
is a cornerstone of the UDF,
the attack implies the UDF
are “vipers” and “sellouts” —
and that is the ultimate cen-
sure in black politics.

This vicious confrontation
is in addition to the physical
_and sometimes fatal attacks
‘by activists against black
community councillors who
are perceived to be colla-

:borating with the Govern-
ment,

It is also in addition to the
sometimes violent confronta-
tions between Chief Gatsha
Buthelezi’s largely Zulu In-
katha movement and other
black political activists.

President Ronald Reagan -

“of the United States this week
ireferred to black factions in
South Africa as being partly
responsible for the violence in
the country.

But in addition to conflict
between blacks within the
system and those against the
system, there is growing con-
flict between factions against
:the system.
| The confrontation between:

the UDF and the National ©

Forum which erupted during
the visit by Senator Edward
Kennedy this year, appears to
be intensifying.
As recently as the 1970s,
many of. their political activ
ists were friends and allies to-
‘gether in the black conscious-
ness movement which was
then at the core of black anti-
establishment politics. :
But after the banning of the
‘Black People’s Convention
and related groups, black pol-
‘ities underwent a change in
which black consciousness
became unfashionable in
many black political circles.
Whereas in the 1970s BC
‘was regarded as a-progress-
ive response by oppressed

cso: 3400/95

blacks, BC began to be re-
garded by a large section of
black activists as “reaction-

: e split between the old-
style BC activists and the
more verligte elements who
accepted all races and classes
in their movement, led to the
split between the UDF and
the National Forum.

The UDF has followed the
“old line of the Freedom Char-
ter drawn up in 1955 by the
-Congress Alliance of the time,
‘including the white Congress
of Democrats, the SA Indian
Congress and the now-banned
black African National Con-
gress.

UDF membership of whites

such as those in Nusas and
some in the Black Sash, is
anathema to the BC-oriented
Azapo. Azapo believes any ac-
tion by the UDF will be com-
promised by its white liberal
elements.

Azapo even differs from its
fellow member of the Nation-
al Forum, the Cape Action
‘League (CAL) which is ideo-
logically somewhere between
Azapo and the UDF. CAL is
far more powerful in the Cape
than Azapo and led the anti-
Kennedy demonstrations
there.

CAL believes in a non-ra-
cial ideology and goes so far
as to reject the concept of
race while Azapo believes in
‘ black consciousness.

But CAL also rejects liber-
als. And in effect, liberals
amount to whites. _ .

Therefore in practice CAL
finds itself very close to
Azapo, although its ideologi-
cal explanations are different
and they sometimes have se-
rious differences over wheth-
er whites can be members.

At the same time CAL and
some UDF members have
gone so far as to co-operate in
activities suchas the break-

94

ing- up of Labour Party meet-
ings in last year’s elections:

There are even ideological
divisions within the UDF
which has a vast mass of affil-
iates.

But the real divide in black
anti-establishment politics is
between the UDF and Azapo.
And the gap appears to be un-
bridgeable. .


The real nettle President Botha has to grasp is whether control of that
persona can be done better with or without his indestructible present Minister
of Law and Order. .

The view from Government side, it appears, is that while Mr le Grange might
have his wings clipped, he must carry on flying.

cso: 3400/93

87



i —
JPRS-SSA-85~043
24 May 1985

MUBARAK MESSAGE TO DOS SANTOS--Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, chairman of
the MPLA-Labor Party and president of the People's Republic of Angola,
received a message from Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian head of state, in
Luanda yesterday. The.message was handed over by Nabil al-Salawi, the
Egyptian ambassador accredited to Angola, who during the audience recalled
the good relations existing between the two countries. [Text] [Luanda
Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 28 Apr 85 MB] .

80 GOVERNMENT TROOPS KILLED IN CUANZA--Lisbon, 5 May (EFE)--The antigovernment
National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) announced the death
of 80 government troops in operations carried out in the 2 Cuanza provinces.
According to a communique released today in Lisbon, UNITA claimed credit for
an attack on Ambuiva in the central province of South Cuanza in which 49 mili-
tarymen were killed and an Angolan first lieutenant and a noncommissioned officer
were taken prisoner. According to UNITA, in an attack on a supply colum near
Luinga in the province of North Cuanza 9 vehicles were destroyed and 31 regular
troops were killed. Jonas Savimbi's movement also claimed credit for downing
a government helicopter in the eastern province of Lunda. [Text] [PA051521
Madrid EFE in Spanish 1328 GMT 5 May 85]

CSO: 3400/135



It has — to a largé extent, not
entirely x been ite oot
black people by white authority. -
» 1 now come to the heart of
my subject, and I will antago-
“nise some readers, and persuade
others that my mental powers
fare failing. ~
+ Tam going to state that it is
{one of the great ironies of my por
‘litical life that just as the Afri-
kaner Nationalist is at last be-
ginning to realise that the day of
conquest has gone, and that the
‘time to undo coriquest has come,
and just as he is taking his first
tottering steps towards the undo-
ing, he is confronted by this vio-
Hent manifestation of black ha-
tred of his apartheid laws.

That he will therefore give up
his talks, I do not believe. That
he will lose more Afrikaner Na-
tionalists to the extreme right is
very possible. The future is hard
‘and challenging, and I cannot tell
you what it will be, and no one
else can either.

T have a word to say to those
‘Americans who think they can
hasten the “day of liberation” by
damaging'the South African
economy, as for example, by dis-
investment. I do not think that ‘
damaging our economy will help
us to do better, it will do materi-
, al harm to many black people.
‘Americans ought to be-told
that they are going to bring hun-
ger and suffering to black
people, One often hears the cry:
_ “We don't mind suffering, we're
used to it,” but this cry usually
comes from those articulate
blacks who will suffer least.

Tas a Christian will have noth--
ing to do with disinvestment.

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Apr 85 p 14

[Article by David Breier:

[Text]

THE divisions in black South
;African politics have become
{so intense that even if.a black
‘government could take over
-it would fail to achieve black

junity.
i Polemic used by the Azan-'
dian People’s Organisation

"Black Government:

t Anyone who believes that disin-

'vestment will bring our Govern-
|ment “to its knees” is believing
‘nonsense. .

; What would happen if the West
-withdrew from us completely?
(Except for trade in a few strate-

* Igic minerals of course). What

would happen if the West left
South Africa in a vacuum? Who
would fill the vacuum? Readers
can have one guess,

Must Americans therefore’

leave us alone to go our own
sweet way? Certainly not.
» . The Afrikaner Nationalist, who
boasts that he is an African, is
much more a man of the West.
He is very sensitive to the moral
judgment of the West. He is more
sensitive to it now than at any
- other time in my 82 years. He is
certainly less arrogant than he
was 30 years ago. He is readier
to listen to righteous judgment,
but reacts negatively to self-
- righteous denunciation.
~The economic power of Ameri-
ca is awesome, but Americans
mustn’t underestimate their
+ moral power. The one thing they
mustn’t do, is to isolate us from
- the world. That would bring dan-
ger for us all.
As I put down my pen, it
- announced that our Minister
Law. and Order has clamped
down on meetings by 29 organi-
sations. It will achieve nothing
except to strengthen opposition. I
‘believe that the Afrikaner Na-

is
of

tionalist Government is facing .

the crisis of its life. So are we all.

Blacks Divided

((Azapo) against the rival Unit-
ied Democratic Front has be-
:eome 80 vitriolic as to pre-
;elude any possible reconcilia-
‘tion. Azapo forms part of the
{National Forum group which
<Op) the UDF. .

i The latest issue of the
}Azapo mouthpiece, Frank.

93

JPRS-SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

Would It Still Mean Disunity?"]

["Talk, carries'a stinging attack
:on the idea of a National Con-
rvention headed “Death to the
; National Convention”.

; “The growing call for a Na-
:tional Convention will reveal
‘many sellouts. The People’s
ecement however, -needs to
‘be even more vigilant against



wees JPRS~SSA~85-043
. 24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA ~

ENGINEERING INDUSTRY'S PROBLEMS DETAILED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 21 Apr 85 p 28

[Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]
THE engineering in- The federatlon’s chief \nginesring “i his staét
-dustry is leeding executive, Kees Lagaay, has been reduced from 120 a
‘A combination of high in- ‘gays: “The low total for _few years ago to 20, Turnover
terest rates, rising inflation, first quarter of this year is is also well down:
reduced demand and increas- causing concern about activ. “Secondary Inds is be-
[Ang input costs i forcing hu ity in the months ahead’ og, destzoyed by high input
of. small companies {Although only some small te Maan
ino Rackraptey “companies have been fo ad ‘auch as Iscor, f and the :
"Many small and medium 10 ose tne EE OnE ae rate We mast
“companies Seubt that they {have full protec thot emus
crea ano the year. sa Pithe Steel and nd Engineering | hich Is about 30 cheaper
fenere is no of any int Industries Federation ( than the SA pri
"provement in ope ofa meat ear South Africa (Seifsa) says re- High interest rates are an-
‘Major capltal pro: trenchments are rising rapid- is problem.-Cosmas Sou-
"$elag shelved betauge of the Wy, His managing director”of
high cost of The South Selfsa director Sam van. :C&D jeering 3D
‘African Federation of Civil Colles says that although no”. “have to borrow money to pay
fiican FederContractors {accurate figures are avall-” interest on the loan T took to
Safes) ay tat in te ist ble “we ger the impression °Bulld factory and for which
‘quarter of ‘year, the value » that retrenchment is have I an find no tenants.
‘of contracts ‘awarded was ‘grown rapidly in past months “yeild don't know whether we
R276-million compared and many more are tocome”. w survive until the end of
fh R430-million in the “rpthere Js no hope of any.” yeaty” oe,
same time Jast year. In real improvement this year, but .
Aerms, this'means a drop of Swe can contain costs and re- : :
‘more than 40%. educe inflation, there. is some
ORS is eet
We :
»~ Concern open endl and
Contracts awarded In the ippi completed and the con- -

ved x warter of of 1884 de- fgumer ‘market, such as cal
“falling fo RaTe-milion in the 20d metiam compantes are

experiencing eash-
third i in the and jpnly Raz ‘R225- flow problems.”

Destroyed
Eonrming te mere F ginal companies are rhore
Ais yea eed 1» Maren nana Lak man
cso: 3400/93
98



JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

BHEKIMPI WARNING ON 'DISSIDENTS'~-The prime minister, Prince Bhekimpi, has
stated that this country will continue to be ruled by a monarch regardless
of foreign ideologies being spread by dissidents. Speaking at an Inkhundla
meeting at Endzingeni, he said the time the late King Sobhuza died, members
of the public lost hope of ever being ruled by a monarch. Prince Bhekimpi
said these dissidents claimed in the streets that they were in a position to
overthrow the government in order for this country to be ruled by their own
ideas. He further warned members of the Endzingeni community that this king-
dom was swimming in a pool of problems created by these dissidents who are an
opposition to the Queen Regent and her government. He pointed out that these
dissidents only operated at night by holding secret meetings with intentions
of destroying the country. On food sufficiency, he said this could only be
achieved by the Swazi nation by praying in one voice instead of the continu-
ous migration from the rural areas to urban areas in search of white collar
jobs which are difficult to find. [Text] [Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in
English 26 Apr 85 pp 1, 32 MB]

HILLARY, DLAMINI OFFICIALLY SACKED--The commissions of two armed forces officers
who are serving 60-day detentions and facing high treason charges have now been
officially terminated. The termination of Mr Edgar Hillary as deputy commis~
sioner of police is published in the latest government gazette dated April 5
this year. And the removal of Major Abednigo Dlamini from the Umbut fo
Swaziland defence force is published in the government gazette dated March 22
this year. The terminations of the two men's commissions has been signed by
the Queen Regent Ntombi. [passage omitted] [Excerpt] [MB030938 Mbabane THE
TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 3 May 85 pp 1, 16]

cso: 3400/135

114



MAURITIUS OFFERS TAX BAIT TO SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 p 4

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

[Text]

“THE Mauritian effort to ap
{proach equilibrium in
itrade South Africa is
jshowing results. Its new
itvade office has succeeded

i a South African
“tea company to use the island

‘8s its export base.

b Trade heavily in SA's fe.
‘your, ‘South Af
‘Rb0-million ‘of goods to:
Mauritius annually and im’
jports only R2-miliion worth
iP Mtaortlan yt

i polntivent ofa Meade re te
i le
(sentative in Sandton and an
}agreement which eliminates
vor reduces duties on
jMauritian
:SA will reduce the deficit.
¢. The bait for foreign inves-
tors is investment incentives
[glen include tax. rellef.
‘frade representative Jean-.
:Michel de Senneville Hye ant
increasing number of SA in- .
‘vestors are considering :
wuritius as a manufactur-
ing and export base.

Exemption

Mr de Sennevile is promot-
ing the Mauritian export-pro-
coer rom port diy on
‘em e
parts,raw es compo.
ents semi-finished
goods. panies operating

cso: 3400/93

“Africa are food, watches, cut
and polished stones,
flowers, fishing tackle,
Jenses, sunglasses and leath-

er products: . .

61

JPRS-SSA-85~043

24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

i


AEC BANS RESTARTING KOEBERG

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 p 2

[Article by Neil Hooper]
[Text]

‘THE Atomic Energy Corporation (AEC) has
banned Escom from restarting the Koeberg
nuclear power station —closed down in Jan-
wary after faulty Piping was discovered ’—
gal it is satisfied that the power station is
“safe”. .

‘The estimated loss of revenue from the
extended shutdown of the power station is
likely to exceed R90-million before Koeberg
is recommissioned.

The AEC clampdown on the plant was

confirmed this week by both Escom and the
Atomic Energy Corporation.
- The Koeberg plant went off-stream in Jan-
uary this year after it was found that there
were “iron inclusions” in an aluminium el-
bow joint of reactor unit number two.

, AnEscom spokesman said the commission

cso: 3400/93

\
\

\

hiad applied to the AEC about a week ago for
permission to restart the plant because it
was “satisfied the plant meets the safety
requirements for which it was designed”.

‘The spokesman said, however, that the
AEC had “requested that the inspection (of
potentially faulty piping) be extended to a
-wider range of pipe fittings which serve the
primary circuit, before approval for start-up
can be granted”.

Escom said that the additional require-
ments of the AEC included the “ultrasonic
testing” of the plant’s aluminium piping, and
that this cold take “a few we on
* The Medical Officer of Health for Cape
Town, Dr Reg Coogan, said yesterday that he
was “very relieved” the AEC had taken
“emergency steps” to stop the re-starting of
the Koeberg plant until it was satisfied that
,the reactor met all safety requirements.

67

JPRS-SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

| SOUTH AFRICA °



JPRS-SSA~85~043
24 May 1985

GUINEA

MASS RETURN OF REFUGEES CREATES PROBLEMS
Dakar AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 27 Mar-2 Apr 85 pp 6-7

[Article by Lucien Houédanou in collaboration with Charles Lemaire: "The
Return of the Refugees"]

[Text] As soon as Sékou Touré's dictatorship fell, ‘many’ Guineans,
who until then had taken refuge abroad, hastened to return to
their homeland, This is not without problems for either them

or the government, The time will come when the HCR wWill.decde to
release from its tutelage those refugees it is already helping
and they are alarmed by the uncertainty of the prospects of
reintegration, for there is no specific organization: to take

up the-relay for aiding former refugees.

The number of Guineans living abroad has been estimated at 2.5 million, Most
of them left to escape the mass arrests resulting from the many "plots"
invented by the dictator, Sékou Touré; they wanted to-escape the climate of
terror and insecurity which, for 26 years running, had typified the life of
their country.

It is therefore easy ‘to’ understand that, wanting to break with a style of power
which died with Sékou Touré on 26 March 1984, the CMRN (Military Committee of
National Recovery) military created, among other things, a ministry in charge of
Guineans abroad. It is also éasy to understand that, for nothing more than
checking out the new regime and making contact’ once again with a country which
they had not left willingly, Guineans of the diaspora began returning in mass,
temporarily or-definitely, to their native land. Anyone flying into Conakry
over these past few months’ could notice this large influx of people. The latest
statistics released by, the Guinean officials to the HCR (High Commissariat for
Refugees) Regional Delegation for West Africa set forth at 200,000 to 300,000
the number of Guineans who have returned since 3 April 1984,

Although the new authorities have declared their willingness: to take back all
their brothers of the diaspora, they nonetheless pointed out that the lack of
infrastructures and financial resources would make it extremely difficult, for
the time being, to reintegrate too large a number of repatriates, This is the
reason why the Guinean authorities have asked the HCR to assist with the

reintegration of those returning to their homeland, To that end, the HCR has

12


JPRS~SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CITY PRESS APPEALS FOR. PEACE WITHIN BLACK COMMUNITY
MB281144 Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 28 Apr 85 p 2
[Editorial: "This Plan Must Work"]

[Text] Everyone who believes violence ‘has been tearing down the soul
of our communities in the past few weeks, will enthusiastically support
Bishop Desmond Tutu's crusade for peace among our communities.

His timely intervention has once again emphasized his often declared
intention of seeking a peaceful transition in a just society. His commitment
to non-violence has been given’ added ‘emphasis.

As we reported in our first edition, the concern expressed by our communities
_Must not be underestimated.

Many of our people are weary.of ‘the violence and senseless destruction
of our own properties, .and any ‘organization .representing their aspirations
must take cognizance of this.

We also warned against the department of dirty tricks causing havoc among us.
It has already happened.

The Azanian. People's Organization saw.thousands of pamphlets being strewn
all over our townships threatening revenge because some of their leaders
were assaulted, . AZAPO's president, Ishmael Mkhabela, denied that the
organization issued the pamphlet.

The home of COSAS's Tembisa branch organizer, Godfrey Thulane, was petrol-
bombed. His father had the grace to comment that the deed was undertaken
because blame would be placed squarely on the shoulders of AZAPO or Inkatha.
He pointed the finger at what -he called the agents of the "system".

Those agents, we are afraid, will ‘have a field day if the present violence
in our townships. continues unabated. The only way to foil it is by climbing

onto the Tutu peace crusade wagon. It is the only way out of the present
dilemma.

cso: 3400/102

95



JPRS~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

Issues Discussed
Conakry HOROYA in French 23 Mar 85 p 7
[Article by Mamady Wasco Keita]

[Text] As mentioned in our preceding issue, the delegation of the
Central Counsel of Soviet Trade Unions (CCSS) who visited our country
for a week at the invitation of the Executive Bureau of the Worker's
Confederation of Guinea left Thursday evening and returned to Moscow
by air.

A short time before their departure, the Soviet labor representatives
attended a final work meeting with their Guinean counterparts, after
which they issued a joint communique.

According to this document, the two parties manifested their desire to
reaffirm and to enlarge even more upon the amicable bilateral relations
existing between them because of the agreement to promote Soviet-Guinean
worker's union ties and cooperation between the years 1985 and 1989.

The discussions of major questions about the present situation and the
international labor movement allowed them to note their agreement on
points of view concerning the subjects discussed.

They expressed their conviction that the battle for international security,
the prevention of nuclear war, and the maintenance of peace on earth is
primary for labor, that the success of this fight is, above all, a
function of cohesion and constant effort on the part of the workers and
their organizations.

On the Nambian question, the two delegations manifested their support
for SWAPO (South-West African People's Organization) in its fight for
the liberation of the country and asked for the application of the United
Nations' decisions.

The executive Bureau of the CTG (Worker's Confederation of Guinea) and
the delegation of the CCSS (Soviet Trade Union Center) stated that the
tension that continues to exist in the South of the African continent
is a direct consequence of the racist government of Pretoria.

They also hailed the will of the Arab peoples in their fight, especially
the Arab People of Palestine, in the defense of its legitimate national
interests.

The two groups announced in favor of the demands of the developing
countries for the organization of a new international economic order
and the establishment of their sovereignty over their natural resources,
the abolition of all forms of exploitation, the elimination of all

17



Soviet TU-95 airplanes from there maintained surveillance on the British ships
on their way to the Ascension Islands. After the loss of Grenada, where the
airport's landing strip was built by Cubans and where Cuba could refuel its
military transports on the way to Angola, the expansion of Sao Tome's airport
for large capacity aircraft takes on greater importance.

The geostrategical position of both islands, since Guinea has reached
reconciliation with the West and closed its airport in Conakry to the Soviets,
is especially important for surveillance of sea routes. At the same time, the
Soviets could keep check on all the shipping routes on the West African coast;
that is to say, they could monitor access to the oil producing eountries of
Nigeria, Gabon, Cameroon, the Congo, and the Angolan oil enclave at Cabinda,
as well as the route of the large tankers from the Gulf on their way to Europe
and the U.S.A. :

Disappointed by the Kremlin

Since its independence in July 1975, the government of President Manuel Pinto
da Costa was regarded as the most Marxist-Leninist leaning regime of the five
former Portuguese colonies ih Africa. The islands, 964 kilometers square, has
a population of 95,000 people (descendants of black slaves and Southern
Europeans who had settled there in the 16th and 17th centuries) that lives
mainly by cultivating cocoa. It brings in 90 percent of the foreign currency.
Da Costa, whose reelection is not in doubt this year, does “not Seem adverse,
according to information from Washington, to an economically lucrative policy
of rapprochement to the West, similar to the one President Samora Machel
carries out in Mozambique. Thus, diplomatic relations with Washington were
established in February; the U.S. is paying one million dollars in economic
aid every year. The President, according to confidential reports, is
increasingly disappointed and embittered with his friends in the Kremlin, who
have transformed the islands into a Soviet colony. According to Pretoria,
the State Department sets some hopes on this.

12521
CSO: 3420/50

46



JPRS-~SSA~85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ISCOR'S COAL-BASED REDUCTION PLANT SCORES BREAKTHROUGH

Johannesburg MINING WEEK in English 10 Apr 85 pp 1, 6

[Article by Tom McCuaig]

[Text]

ISCOR has scored a notable technological break-

through with its coal-based reduction plant at
Vanderbijlpark which was officially opened recently
by the corporation’s managing director Mr Willem
van Wyk.

The plant is not only the largest and most modern
of its kind anywhere but steelmakers throughout the
world have shown keen interest in its 100 percent
coal-based process.

Already, the plant management has played host to
anumber of overseas steel experts and in fact plans a
symposium soon which has been set up mainly be-
cause of the interest abroad.

In the steel business, the apartheid bogy goes by
the board and steel men from India, New Zealand
and Brazil will be among those attending.

Countries which have large reserves of coal are
particularly interested in the process which is the first
to be based solely on coal.

At present, over 80 percent of the production of
direct reduced iron (or sponge iron as it is called) is
based on natural gas.

The Iscor plant uses a method developed specially
by Lurgi, the West German international giant com-
pany, which was also the main contractor for the
design, erection and commissioning of the plant.

Lurgi’s executive vice president, Dr Georg von

Struve, travelled from his Frankfurt headquarters for «

the opening ceremony.

cso: 3400/93

91

The total cost of the plant, including modifications
to the works’ three electric arc furnaces, is in the
region of R180 million. .

But Mr Van Wyk stressed that Iscor is confident
that the savings will more than compensate for the
initial investment. -

The corporation fears there could be a serious
shortage of scrap within'a year because more and
more is being used in the arc furnaces where there are
improving through-yields of finished products from
liquid steel owing to. a higher percentage. of steel
being continually cast. .

Mr Jan Venter, superintendent of the Vanderbijl-
park works, put it this way: “The supply of scrap is

erratic, prices fluctuate and the quality fluctuates too

— some of it is actually poor stuff.”

The advantages of sponge iron which the new plant
will produce is that it is cheaper than scrap and of
superior and consistent quality.

Animportant factor is that sponge iron reduces the
so-called undesirable trace elements in the final prod-
uct.

The sulphur content, for example, is reduced to
0,01 percent. Other “undesirables” such as lead, zinc
and copper are also cut back drastically. :

The plant’s four rotary kilns — each is 80 m long
and 4,8 m in diameter — have an annual capacity of
720 000 tons. fe .



QUESTION: In your view, does South Africa represent a threat to the Indian
Ocean countries? How do you view the diplomatic initiatives recently under-
taken by Pretoria towards certain member countries of the Organization of
African Unity (OAU)--Mozambique, the Comoros, Somalia?

"T ave Re-established Relations With the Comoros"

RATSIRAKA: Whoever is not for me, is against me. As long as the apartheid
system governs its politics, South Africa will represent a potential danger
for us. I am not saying an immediate danger, because South Africa, for
the moment, has other fish to fry. The regime in Pretoria is our enemy.

We have already had problems with it: In particular, planes have flown
over our territory and landed there. It may happen again. The danger
persists, even if some find it laughable.. It is not right for African
countries to receive South African officials. One's deeds must reflect
one's words. I accept the fact that Mozambique signed the Nkomati Pact in
March 1984 in hopes of ridding itself of the “armed bandits" in the ~
‘Mozambican National Resistance". But to go further than that would be to
betray Africa. If the heads of state of the Comoros and Somalia had
attended the QAU summit last November in Addis Ababa, they would have heard
their peers discussing this question and perhaps would have then thought
twice (before dialoging with the regime in Pretoria). Their relations with
South Africa worry me. It is for this reason that we have had no relations
with the Gomoros since 1977. If I decided to renew relations with this
country, it was precisely in order to prevent it from falling completely
into South Africa's arms. I do not want to Comorans to blame me one day for
not having tried anything to dissuade them from it.

QUESTION: Do you share the opinion of Julius Nyerere, the incumbent
president of the OAU, that the international Monetary Fund (IMF) is an
instrument in the hands of the rich countries, to subjugate the poor
countries?

RATSIRAKA: What the IMF proposes is not inherently bad. But the same
treatment cannot be used for all illnesses. The therapy must be adapted
to the patient. Whatever the case, at the point our economy had reached,
we would have applied the policies, with or without the IMF. Having said
this, the policy, if it 1s to be workable, must be accompanied by measures
to alleviate our foreign debt. If there is alleviation, the social cost
of the operation would be very tolerable. In this regard, I suggested
that a club of indebted countries be created, a structure that would be
mutually beneficial to debtors and creditors.

QUESTION: You recently spoke of the need to change attitudes. After the
end of the first decade of revolutionary government, are you not somewhat
disappointed by the Malagasy people's response to your appeals?

RATSIRAKA: Yes, I am somewhat disappointed, but the world is what it is.

If one Malagasy out of five changed his attitude, that would be positive.
But it is not necessary to have hope in order to attempt something...+

29



initiated an emergency aid project for 100,000. Guinean repatriates that was to
end in January 1985 but was extended to next April, This aid involves mainly
medicines, seeds, farm tools, etc. The HCR is also looking into ways to
reintegrate Guinean cadres trained abroad. There are other projects congruent
with those of the Second International Conference of Aid to African Refugees
(CIARA TI). and dealing with education, agriculture, livestock breeding and
health.

At the same time, however, "Guinean refugees in Senegal" haye submitted a
"plea": In a document: published on 20 March, they. accused’ the HCR Regional
Delegation of having "arbitrarily and unilaterally called off the contract" it
had with them. According to this document, the Regional Delegation wants to
force the refugees to whom it gave assistance to return to Guinea whereas the
HCR texts specify that an individual must return of "his own free will," Chal-
lenging the action of the Regional Delegation, these refugees regard as
"fictitious" the figure of 100,000 repatriated Guineans to whom the HCR claims
to have.given assistance, :

Detailed Explanations

Speaking on-his own, one of their officials pointed out that the HCR Regional
Delegation was mistaken when it determined that the refugees had lost their
“status as soon as the political regime changed and they no longer could benefit
from HCR aid, He continued: "As for me, who was detained for 7 years in Camp
Boiro, I know that the same people who helped the torturers in the "technical
room'' can now be found in the government; [ therefore feel that it is not safe
to return to Guinea," : :

Officials of the Regional. Delegation claim to be "shocked" by these statements
which "represent a request for assistance, an act of mendicacy which implicates
some of the employees of the Delegation by naming them," One of them ‘commented
further: "It involves an act of pure and simple bad faith stemming from a .
distortion of our 2 February 1985 discussions with Guineans students and of the
most basic regulations governing our organization." So much for overall
criticism. .Let us now look into the detailed explanations.

The people involved were considered refugees by the Regional Delegation as long
as, for'a very specific reason, namely, their country was under a dictatorship,
they. could not go back home or, once abroad, they could not seek the protection
of ther country's offictd representatives, Following the 3 April coup, however,
the HCR Regional Delegation based on three factors its determination of whether
those who benefited from its assistance could still be considered refugees.

The first factor was the statements from the new authorities who had declared
that all Guineans residing abroad could return home, The second was the
conduct of the interested parties, some of whom at least either went to Guinea
or got tn-touch: with the embassies in order to receive official documents or
met' with members-of the new government coming through Dakar. The third was
the missions carried out in-Guinea by officials of the Regional Delegation for
the purpose of verifying if the political climate which had forced people to
leave had changed. A HCR official told us: 'In the course of my two missions

13



In other respects the negotiating climate is inhibited by some very serious
factors.

Foremost among these is the level of distrust among many blacks about the
intentions of the government.

There are several reasons for this state of affairs.

--The perception among blacks that local authorities are alternatives to full
citizenship rights.

--The devastating effect influx control measures and pass laws had on black
perceptions.

--The time-lag between announcements aimed at improving conditions and de-
fusing conflict, and the implementation of these announcements. A good ex-
ample is the 99-year leasehold scheme.

--The experience of relative deprivation, strengthened by the present
economic recession, and the perception among many blacks that our economic
system represents the economic face of apartheid and separate development.

--The perception that the negotiation agenda does not include the dismantling
of apartheid, but has as its hidden agenda the goal to provide apartheid with
a more acceptable face through the co-option of blacks into the system.

These factors make it extremely difficult for black leaders with clout to
publicly participate in the process of negotiation.

The negotiating environment is furthermore inhibited by important features
of so-called “white political culture."

Foremost among these are the white fears of black majority rule.

These are strengthened by radical rhetoric, unrest and violence in black
townships, the activities of the ANC and international pressures.

Another inhibiting factor, coupled to the economic recession, is the presence
of the Conservative Party and the inroads it could make into the power base
of the National Party.

In apolarized and politically fragmented society like South Africa, the
exercise of confidence building and creation of trust is extremely difficult,
delicately balanced between conflicting interests and very vulnerable.

It needs a dual strategy--private contacts on a fairly broad leadership level
between relevant parties and persons and changes which improve the daily lot
of people and which underscore in concrete terms the good intentions of the
authorities,

57



UPRS-SSA-85-043
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MORE SCIENTISTS NEEDED--Scientists are urgently needed if all the people of
South Africa are to prosper uninterruptedly, says Professor D. M. Joubert,
vice-chancellor and principal of the University of Pretoria. Addressing a
graduation ceremony of the faculty of sciences at the University of the
Witwatersrand, Prof Joubert said a recent study had confirmed the country
was drawing most of its scientists from a small pool--the White male popula-
tion. "Understandably, if scientists continue to be taken from this limited
source, the shortage of trained natural scientists will be perpetuated," he
said. The only avenues open therefore were: Recruitment on a larger scale
than ever before elsewhere in the world (but recognising its inherent prob-
lems); looking more attentively at the White female population group which is
already coming noticeably to the fore in science circles; taking earnest
cognisance of the considerably bigger but hitherto largely untapped resources
of non-Whites. To make effective use of this source "will require very
special efforts, but this too should be seen as a challenge...." At the
ceremony, 334 degrees and 23 higher degrees were conferred.--Sapa. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Apr 85 p 15]

ANTIRACISM MANIFESTO--Cape Town--The Cape Town Chamber of Commerce has
launched a campdign to get more businessmen to sign its manifesto against
racial discrimination in the workplace. Mr Philip Krawitz, president of the
CTCC, urges members in a letter to sign and "join the ranks of those who seek
to identify themselves with the chamber's official standpoint against racial
injustice or discrimination of any kind." It invites businessmen to commit
themselves to a programme*of genuine non-discrimination against their
employees. "The chamber believes it is no longer tenable to look only to the
Government to bring about the changes that are so clearly necessary."~-Sapa.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 25 Apr 85 p 12]

INDIAN EDUCATION--For the first time in the history of South Africa the amount
spent per Indian pupil for their education will be equal to that spent on
Whites. ‘This announcement was made on Monday when Mr Boeti Abramjee, the
Indian Minister of the Budget stated that there would be an allocation of
R308 million for Indian education. This state of affairs is a far cry from
the old days when the Indian Community was called upon to pay half the cost
of its children's education (the so-cailed pound for pound system). © There-
fore, this is another step forward on the principle of equality. . However,
the Indian Community can never really celebrate this victory until the same



JPRS~SSA-85--043
24 May 1985

BLACKS NEED FOR LAND--The shortage of land for black urban development on the
Witwatersrand is reaching serious proportions. A spokesman for the development
boards in the area says that most of the black residential areas have reached
their maximum development potential and no new land has been approved for
future development. A spokesman for the West Rand Development Board says

that by the year 2020 an additional 5,000 hectares will be required for ex-
pansion. On the East Rand, estimates are that by the end of the century
another two cities the size of Soweto will be needed to satisfy housing re-
quirements. In the Orange-Vaal region, 70 percent of the available land has
already been purchased and negotiations for further purchases are in progress.
[Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 4 May 85 MB]

NO COMMENT FROM ANGLO-AMERICAN-~Anglo-American is refusing to comment on
the possibility of a link between a bomb attack on its offices and its
dismissal of thousands of workers. Anglo-American was one of two companies
to sack some 17,000 workers at the weekend after their employees took part
in what the mining houses called an illegal strike. ‘The other company

is Anglo-Vaal, whose offices in Johannesburg were also bombed in the early
hours of this morning. Anglo-American official Neville Huxom said the
corporation does not want to comment on speculation that the incidents

are connected. [Begin Huxom recording] The explosion seems to have been
caused by a limpet device and caused damage to the foyer and windows of
the building. There was nobody injured. There is a pbuilding opposite
called Edura House which belongs to Anglo-American Properties and that

was also hit by the blast, but damage there appears to be limited to broken
glass mainly in the foyer. Some shop windows on the ground floor of the
building were also shattered. [End recording] [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio
in English 0800 GMT 30 Apr 85]

AIR FORCE SQUADRON DISBANDS--The South African Air Force's 40th Squadron
laid up its colors in Verwoerdburg today, as part of the air force's
rationalization program for Impala squadrons. ‘The disbanding of the
squadron, which was based at Waterkloof Air Force Base, follows the
disbanding of 6th Squadron in Port Elizabeth and 5th Squadron in Durban.
[Excerpt] [Johannesburg Television Service in English 1400 GMT 29 Apr 85]

UDF, AZAPO PAMPHLETS DISTRIBUTED--Pamphlets in which the United Democratic
Front [UDF], and the Azanian People's Organization [AZAPO] severely
criticize each other are being distributed in the Witwatersrand-Pretoria
area. The pamphlets come in the wake of several clashes in recent months
between members of the UDF and those of the black consciousness group,

of which AZAPO is a member. In one of the pamphlets, AZAPO accuses the
UDF and its affiliates of intimidating and beating up AZAPO supporters,
and says there can be no talk anymore of black solidarity and unity.
Another pamphlet attacks the Congress of South African Students, COSAS,
which is affiliated with the UDF. It calls on black people to reject

the gangsterism and the destructive hooliganism of COSAS. In its pamphlet,
the UDF accuses AZAPO of underhand tactics and of having no serious program
of its own. Black consciousness is described as a racist philosophy which
is as unworthy as apartheid. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in English 0500 GMT 1 May 85]

cso: 3400/102 412



Survey Shows White Pessimism Prevalent
(Jean Waite; SUNDAY STAR, 7 Apr 85)..cccccscceccceccccsece

Revision of Black Citizenship Laws Urged
(Marinus Wiechers; SUNDAY TIMES, 21 Apr 85)...ccccceseeeee

Levy on Sasol Scrapped
CRAND DAILY MATL, 13 Apr 85) cecesccecsecee

Briefs
More Scientists Needed
Antiracism Manifesto
Indian Education
Indian Teachers' Jobs
Flats for '[llegal' Indians
Widespread Political Unrest
Blacks Need for Land
No Comment From Anglo-American
Air Force Squadron Disbands
UDF, AZAPO Pamphlets Distributed

SWAZILAND

Queen Warns Dissidents 'Will Never Succeed"
(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 29 Apr 85). ccccccsccccecsccsesncesces

Briefs

Bhekimpi Warning on 'Dissidents'
Hillary, Dlamini Officially Sacked

TANZANTA

Briefs
Zanzibar~PLO Cooperation

ZIMBABWE
Briefs
Kadungure xhorts Army Members

Zvobgo Urges Stiffer Sentences
Elimination of Apartheid Urged

-f-

105
106
109

110
110
110
lil
Hi
111
112
112
412
112

113

ne
BR

115

116
116
116


RACIAL RECLASSIFICATION FIGURES GIVEN

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Apr 85 p 2

[Article by Norman West]

[Text]

‘A TOTAL of 535 people
“changed colour” in South
Africa last year — among
them Sight whites who be-
came officially coloured and
‘325 coloureds who were re-
classified white.

i These figures are pub-
lished in the annual report,
tabled in Parliament, of the
‘Department of Internal Af-
‘fairs. They cover the period
between july 1983 and June.

Reclassification among
coloureds and whites is be-
lieved mostly to be a way
round the ban on mixed mar-
riages.

Reasons

And observers believe that
once the Mixed Marriages
Act and Section 16 of the Im-
morality Act are repealed,
there will be less reason for

people to change colour.

Other reasons could be
race-related laws like the
Group Areas Act, which
makes it illegal for people of
‘one race to live in areas pro-
claimed for another race.

The Internal Affairs report _

cso: 3400/93

ists the following colour
switches — with the figures

for the previous year in
brackets:

White to Cape coloured,
eight (our Cape coloured to
white 325 (462); Cape
coloured to Chinese, eight
(two); white to Chinese, nil
four); Chinese to white, two
(nine); Malay to white, ‘one
(two); white to Indian, two

(three); Indian to Cape

coloured, 39 (31); Cape
coloured to Indian 33
Indian to Malay, 11 (15); Ma-
lay to Indian, 18 (26); black to

coloured, 82 (71), Cape
coloured to black, six (11),
black to “other Asian” one
(oney, black to Indian two
(two); black to Griqua, two
(two); Indian to “other
Asian”, nil (two).

89

JPRS-SSA~85-~04
3
24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


Some hard-line Marxists want to. encourage joint ventures with capitalist farm
enterprises to prove that large estates can succeed in Mozambique. But the
basic question as to whether it is possible to manage the type of large
plantations which existed in the colonial era by socialist processes remains.

In the past, exports covered less than half of the imports, with the deficit
being compensated by a subsidy from South Africa, and the undercapitalized
farm exports of the country depended on the profits from the overexploitation

of manpower.

The economy needed to be restructured in 1975, independent of the orientation
of the new government.

At its third congress in 1977, the FRELIMO declared itself a vanguard Marxist-
Leninist party. This means that it is not a party of the masses, but one
limited to the most exemplary workers and peasants. However, the party
candidates have to be approved at mass meetings of their neighbors and co-
workers, and given the low educational level, the knowledge of Marxist
principles and even the basic ability to read and write are not requirements
for membership. Rather the party seeks to educate its members.

Criticism of "Specific Socialisms"

The FRELIMO says that Marxism is a tool to be applied to local conditions, but
it eriticizes "specific socialisms" of the kind outlined by Julius Nyerere in
Tanzania, based on communal traditions rather than on Marx. :

It says that these types of socialism are not scientific and do not take into
account the exploitation to be found in the old tribal societies.

When independence was won, the FRELIMO nationalized the land, all of the
leased properties and social services. As a part of its policy. of expanding
health and education services through the establishment of rural primary
schools and health posts and a national adult literacy campaign, primary
teachers and auxiliary health personnel were trained by the thousands, as
compared to a half a dozen doctors and university professors. 7

Health and education are free and serve about two-thirds of the population.
This is one of the keys to the popularity of the FRELIMO.

Although the goal of the FRELIMO was to control the economy, it never had
administration of it in mind. Only the oil refinery was nationalized, for

strategic reasons.

The enterprises which had been abandoned or sabotaged also came under
government control, as was also the case with many banks.

The greater part of the economy is now state-administered, but there is still
a private bank (Standard Totta), as well as private plantations, textile
factories, automobile enterprises and others, along with a variety of joint
venture companies. 2 .

34



ACID RAIN LEVELS SHOW NO THREAT TO JOHANNESBURG

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Apr 85 p 8

[Text]

THE levels of air pollut-
ing gases. which cause
‘acid rain’ — sulphor di-
oxide and nitrogen diox-
ide — in Johannesburg
are well below internat-
ionally accepted stan-
dards and do not pose a
health hazard.

This emerged at the an-
nual presentation of the
Johannesburg City Coun-

cil’s Medical Officer of.

Health report yesterday.

Johannesburg’s MOH,
Dr Baldwin Richards,
said the most pressing

cso: 3400/93

problem lay in the precur-
sors to acid rain which
caused harm to both hu-
‘mans and buildings. How-
ever, Johannesburg did
not face high levels of
these gases at present.
He said air pollution
was more evident in So-
weto where families used
coal stoves and fires.
Although various con-
trol and monitoring meas-
ures were being carried
out in Johannesburg, Dr
Richards said the prob-
lem was a national one

‘and had to be treated as

96

such.

“Action in Johannes-
burg without the co-oper-
ation of neighbouring
areas would not make
much difference,” he

* said.

There are two stations
in Johannesburg measur-
ing air pollution, one at
the City Hall and one at
the water tower in South
Hills.

‘Addressing the lead
pollution problem, Dr
Richards said although
South Africa was behind

places like America and.

JPRS~SSA~85-043

24 May 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

‘West Germany in dealing
with this phenomenon,
using their experience
and knowledge would be
of great benefit.

He emphasised that
there was no proven facts
linking Jead pollution to:
various effects, such as
hyperactivity, in children.

A study of 100 children
in the Johannesburg area
had discovered one child
with a lead level of 33
micrograms per 100 milli- ;
litres, two with a level of |
25,5 and the rest well be-’
low that. :

Authorities constantly‘
measuré lead levels, and

shave found Joharinesburg
‘well below international :

standards,


JPRS-SSA~85-~043
24 May 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

UK SIGNS JOINT VENTURE PACT--The Mozambican Government and the British multi-
national Lonhro today signed an agreement in Maputo setting out the general
guidelines of cooperation in several fields. Under the agreement, the joint
company, to be known as (Lonmarks), would be set up to develop economic
activities in Mozambique. It follows about 1 year of contacts during which
potential areas of investment were investigated. The agreement covers farming
in the south of Mozambique, possible involvement in the mining of gold, and
participation in tourism, with particular interest in several hotel complexes
one of these is Maputo city's Polano Hotel. In signing, Lonhro has already
named its manager for up to 3,000 hectares of land in the south of Mozambique
to grow maize, soy, cotton and vegetables. The agreement» was signed by
Mozambique Finance Minister Rui Baltazar and Executive director of Lonhro Tiny
Rowlands. Mr Rowlands afterward paid a courtesy call to President Samora
Machel. At the signing ceremony, Mr Rowlands described the agreement as the
continuation of our friendship, which we wish will continue. [Text] [Maputo
in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 29 Apr 85 MB]

GDR EDUCATION AGREEMENT--In Maputo yesterday, Mozambique and GDR delegations
signed a memorandum of cooperation between the two socialist countries in the
field of edueation. The doucments were signed by Joao Raposo Beirao, deputy
minister of education of the People's Republic of Mozambique, and (Gottfried
Bormann), director of external relations in the Ministry of Education of the
GDR. The two delegations met for 8 days and assessed existing cooperation
in the field of education and outlined a more efficient plan for future co-
operation. During their meetings the delegations also assessed the training
of Mozambican cadres in the GDR, particularly the Mozambican youths at the
Friendship School. [Text] . [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT
5 May 85. MB]

ADMINISTRATOR MEETS 'EX-BANDITS'--The party first secretary and administrator
of Vilanculo in Inhambane recently met with the former armed bandits who
are in a reintegration center on Bazaruto Island in that district. That
occurred in the course of a visit which the administrator made to the island
accompanied by the provincial and district directors of fisheries and other
party and government cadres. At the meeting with the former bandits now

in the process of reintegration, they mentioned the lack of clothing, soap
and china as being the main problems they are encountering. In Bazaruto,
there are three centers for the reintegration of former armed bandits who
repented of their acts and surrendered to our defense and security forces.
(Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Mar 85 p 1] 8711

37