operations so far have been primarily intitial exploration, which becomes
more and more localized, that is, exploration of an ever-narrower scope:
There remains an operation, now getting under way in the dry season, for
CONOCO to finally identify the locations and establish whether or not there
is oil.

T.A.: CONOCO is working in the northern part of the country. Can you tell
us the size of the area in which the American company is working?

J.T.: The concession to CONOCO was for an initial area of about 150,000 sq
km. That area has been reduced by slightly more than 70,000 sq km. In
practice, when a company starts preliminary exploitation it is granted a
larger area for the initial prospecting work, then, as the results come in,
it focuses on more and more probable areas, ending up with locations where it
expects to find oil. From 150,000 initially, CONOCO now has about 70,000
sq kn.

T.A.: In the current phase, what kind of cooperation is there between the
CAR and CONOCO? In other words, what is the extent of our country's current
financial, technical and personnel cooperation in CONOCO's prospecting?

J.T.: From a financial point of view, all the prospecting work is being
paid for by CONOCO and Shell, who are silent partners in the operation.

The CAR is not participating in cost and prospecting. The agreement with
CONOCO provides for the state's participation only if there turns out to be
oil. The state is still involved with the infrastructure already in place,
particularly roads, although CONOCO is also helping a great deal by putting
in trails on the sites it is exploring. The state's actual physical partici-
pation is limited to some courses that we provide for mining engineers who
will be sent to work with the CONOCO technicians to keep up-to-date on
prospecting methods in the area. Last year an engineer of the mining opera-
tions of the General Directorate for Mines participated in the CONOCO work
for 5 months, and this year we intend to do the same.

T.A.: Mr Director General, CONOCO's prospecting is being carried out in an
area bordering our neighbor, Chad, where the same American company has been
working since 1969. If this prospecting yields positive results, does

our country envisage a three-way cooperation, CAR-CONOCO-Chad?

J.T.: The oil-yielding field now being prospected in northern CAR by CONOCO
is a continuation of the one in Chad that CONOCO had investigated before the
outbreak of the conflict caused it to begin work in the CAR. Certainly,
economic thoroughness would dictate that if the results in the CAR are posi-
tive then there should be joint prospecting of the two fields, if only for
the creation of a single establishment to undertake construction of a pipe-
line to get the oil to the nearest port, probably in Cameroon. It would be
absurd to plan separate pipelines for the Chad field and the CAR field. I
feel it is a little too early to get into further details of such cooperation
between CONOCO, the CAR and Chad, and we should perhaps wait for confirmation
of the preliminary indications of oil before undertaking such negotiations.

16



cso:

selling groundnuts to European
markets because the Malawi
product has low tolerance level
for aflatoxin - a fungi growing in
moist groundnuts which if eaten
in large quantities can cause lung
cancer.

In his report, Mr. Coulter
recommended that Malawi tech-
nical personnel be exposed to
European standards and
systems of monitoring aflatoxin.
The batching system was the
best way of reducing aflatoxin
rather than the present system
where groundnuts from one plant
are tected for aflatoxin.

He gave hope for the product
by saying “Malawi has a good
reputation of aflatoxin content in
her groundnuts,” but that the
present system of analysis was
now out-dated.

Apart from ensuring low aflato-
xin levels, another “measure to
improve the marketability of
Malawi raw groundnuts crop is
the propagation of new varieties
with a smoother and more round-
ed appearance,” he suggested.

The output of groundnuts
which is in excess of 20,000
tonnes a year has been steadily
declining in recent years, accord-
ing to the report.

4700/1809

37

Cashew nut’s current 450
tonnage is expected to more than
double in 1984, it says.

The report also discusses
freight arrangements between
Malawi and Europe, marketability
of macadamia, groundnuts,
groundnut butter and cashew
nuts.

At the meeting those present
tasted samples brought in by the
consultant, compared packaging
material and discussed the
report.

Opening the meeting, the
Director of MEPC, Mr. N. M.
Mwaungulu, said the Council was
committed to promoting exports
from Malawi in the highest
standards possible.

Should funds become availa-
ble, he said future test market-
ing surveys would continue to be
commissioned both at regional
and international levels with a
view to promoting Malawi
products for export.

The Group General Manager of
Naming’omba Tea Estates Limit-
ed, Mr. D. Emmot, described the
report as ‘‘very valuable to us
producers; it should be updated
every year, especially the prices
contained in the report’®



The presiding officer of the Assembly is the mayor of the PRL.

Article 80. The executive of the PRL is the Bureau of the PRL, elected by
the General Assembly.

Article 81. The PRL holds all powers, especially political, economic, socio-
cultural, administrative, domainal and defense.

It is responsible for promoting the accelerated development of the people's
commune: production brigades, public works on PRL land, raising the
standard of living through work, education and culture.

Its principal mission is to assure, by the establishment of optimum conditions,
the erection of an efficient, structured and prosperous socialist economy.

Title 9
On Judicial Authority
Article 82. Justice is administered in the name of the people of Guinea.

The President of the Republic is the guarantor of the independance of the
judiciary. It is equitable, humane and without cost.

Article 83. Judges are selected by Party authorities at all levels.

Article 84. In the exercise of the their judicial functions, judges are
governed only by revolutionary morality and the law.

Article 85. Judicial proceedings are public except in special cases as
provided by law.

Article 86. The right of defense is recognized for the accused and the
defendant.

Article 87. The judiciary, guardian of individual liberty, insures respect
for the rights of the citizen under conditions provided by law.

Article 88. The judicial system of the Revolutionary People's Republic of
Guinea is established by law.

Title 10
On African Relations
Article 89. The Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea is empowered to
conclude agreements on association or community, including partial or total

renunciation of sovereignty, for the sake of the establishment of the
United States of Africa.

33



"As the 10th biggest armaments manufacturers in the world we have already
built up a rich heritage of skills, flexibility, refinement, cost effective-
ness, personnel management, pride and confidence and we have been doing

this since the 1960's when an extensive evaluation of our military situation
was conducted. Thus, in the final instance (and perhaps the most important)
the armaments industry's products inspire confidence in the consumer. It

is especially rewarding to know with certainty that ARMSCOR is successfully
coping with the threatening situation and the knowledge that the Boer still
gets around is just as stimulating."

"During the years when we were buying just about everything from England,
our country's ability to defend itself was being determined by the posture
of deliveries. In reality we found ourselves driven into a crush-pen in
which no self-respecting country wants to find itself."

"Over a period of less than 2 decades the screw was gradually tightened,
until the mandatory arms boycott sealed up everything in 1977. If we had
waited until then we would have been lost; however, providence determined
that we could put to use whatever starting time we had. We were able to
gradually intensify our efforts, refine and perfect them in a hurry. But
in this respect we were not unique: Israel and Taiwan found themselves
in exctly the same situation when their big supplier, the United States,
also began to turn off its faucets."

"But our armaments industry did not undertake a frantic, irresponsible and
unrestrained course. The weapons system which we developed, produced and
made operational in a successful manner were determined by the threat staring
us in the face. As an example of a weapons system which has drawn the atten-
tion of the world, I would like to mention our quite unique mine-resisting
vehicles."

"I would want to say ‘totally unique' but it is really not the case. However,
there is no doubt at all that they have been combat tested and definitely
proven superior."

Still another example of a Boer conceiving a scheme is to be found in our
communications equipment. Please bear in mind that we must defend an enormous
country. The distance from Pretoria to Windhoek is the same as the dis-

tance from London to Moscow. Communications equipment which should be suit-
able for such conditions had to be conceived, developed, put in production,
and tested in combat conditions. Thereafter, the refinement process was
undertaken in collaboration with the consumer--the South African Armed Forces."

"This brings us to a necessary element of armaments manufacturing: The
close collaboration with the professional soldier. He is the one who has
to resist the onslaught and therefore he is the one to set his require-
ments as ideally seen by him."

88



[Port Louis Harbor and Dock Workers Union] leader), and A. Parmessur. The
MMM Central Committee, it will be recalled, has 35 members, 20 of whom will
be chosen on the district level in the course of the coming weeks.

Only five deputies won election yesterday. They were Paul Berenger, Abdool

Kader Ahmed Bhayat, Aneerood Jugnauth, Ramduthsing Jaddoo and Shri Krishna
Baligadoo.

5157
cso: 4719/1289

42



In addition to the weak support from the central governmental entities (which
has been the object of justifiable criticism on the part of certain provincial
officials), it is also true that some of these officials have themselves
exhibited little dynamism. However, we encountered individuals who daily roam
from place to place without engaging in any occupation and who could in some
manner be incorporated into a number of socially useful activities.

The absence of either urban or rural marketplaces for the sale of fruits,
vegetables and other products is making the situation of the local popula-
tions--uho are already suffering from shortages--even more difficult, for
other than the stores of the Ministry of Home Trade there are no places where
one can acquire other supplementary products that would make it possible to
vary one's diet.

Disorganization in the Hotel Sector

The activities of the hotel network play an extremely important role, inasmuch
as it is this sector that has the task of feeding not only persons coming from
other provinces but also a number of local residents who are unable to have
their own meals at home.

The fact is that in speaking of the work of EMPROTEL in Kuando-Kubango Prov~
ince we must say at the outset that this is one of the most disorganized
sectors with which we came in contact. According to various sources, this
disorganization is due to the lack of dynamism on the part of its officials,
who have failed to take steps to ensure the timely acquisition of the neces-
sary provisions from the provincial office of the Ministry of Home Trade and
other entities.

Incorporation of the Unemployed Into Productive Employment

In a situation similar to what is taking place in most of the nation's prov-
inces and especially in their capital cities, the city of Menongue also has
many unemployed, who represent a dead weight that impedes the solution of the
enormous economic and social problems faced by this region.

In turn, the existence of large amounts of money in the hands of the popula-
tion without a corresponding circulation of goods in commerce constitutes
another factor that helps to aggravate the economic situation of the province,
in that it reduces the capacity of the governmental entities to carry out
large-scale economic projects.

Juvenile delinquency--another social evil that deserves greater attention--has
likewise attempted to gain a foothold in the city of Menongue. In these re-~
cent days when the schoolchildren have been on vacation, some of the youth of
the province turned one of the schools in the city's outskirts into a center
for gambling, and especially for the so-called "batota."

Kuando-Kubango Province, however, offers more than just these negative aspects
on which we have focused in our brief survey. It has also won important vic-

tories in the economic and social fields, as for example in the development of
agriculture, health, education and organization.

10



Azania's Response to Apartheid

Confronted with Pretoria's intransigence, Azania could only take a
harder line and enter into increasingly active opposition. This
opposition is divided, indeed even split, and it is difficult to know
which of the various movements (ANC, INKATHA and PCA are illegal and
there is the BCM and AZAPO) is the most powerful.

Some of Azania's Ideas on the Future of South Africa

The program of these various parties on the constitutional and political
future of the country can easily be summed up by the inscription on
Steve Biko's grave (he "died" in prison in October 1977): "One

Azania, one nation," which means "one man, one vote in a single nation."
Henceforth, their primordial goal is to obtain political power, by all
means at Azania's disposal. Once this goal is achieved, it will finally
be able to change the economic, social and cultural structures as it
wishes.

One question remains unanswered. Are there still black political parties
ready to talk with Pretoria about compromise formulas which constitutionally
guarantee the rights and existence of the white and brown minorities?

If we eliminate the governing parties, the Bantustans which have no
power and even appeal to Pretoria to combat the guerrilla activities
of the ANC and the trade union activities, the only black force to
reckon with in the reserves is INKATHA.

In March 1982, the Buthelezi commission, in the name of the president of
INKATHA, brought together South African and foreign experts and published
proposals to establish a new political, economic and social order in the
Province of Natal”’ where 80 percent of the population is black

(Indians represent 11 percent and Whites, 9 percent). The essence of
these proposals was in sharing political power between the three
communities, according to a system of agreement. The members of this
commission hoped that these reforms, once implemented in Natal would
produce good results and thus serve as a model for other South African
provinces.

No one was surprised when the government vehemently rejected these
proposals, despite some favorable commentary in the press, including

the Afrikaner press. What surprised the public was that the government
expressed its refusal in a way which was humiliating for the leader of
INKATHA.

Such an attitude of the South African leaders can no longer be considered

a sign of strength in 1982. Was it possible that Pretoria realized that
a unilateral agreement with INKATHA would no longer be enough to restore

70



that organization. Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo stressed that the situation has
clearly improved since the period when the balance of payments deficit was
980 million rupees, since it is only 500 million rupees now.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo was categorical: If the government had not contracted
debts with international institutions and friendly countries, there would
have been many more unemployed in Mauritius now. He added that he had told
the people earlier that debt servicing would be high in the course of the
next two years before showing a clear decline beginning in 1985.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo told us that in the evaluation made by Mr Berenger, he
did not mention even one single time the weather situation which has
prevailed in the country in recent years, which was the reason for a sub-
stantial reduction in our foreign exchange income, strikes and the pressure
from trade union leaders with which the outgoing government had to deal. Sir
Veerasamy Ringadoo believes that when one decides to tell the truth, one must
tell the whole truth and not half-truths. He told us that the economic docu-
ment published by the MMM made him think of Dev Virahsawmy's General Macbef,
who spoke three languages--one for his colleagues, one for the public and a
third for politics.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo said that the promises made by the MMM leaders--300
rupees to the beneficiaries of old age pensions, a minimal wage of 1,000
rupees for the workers in the free zone, an unemployment allocation of 300
rupees, a general improvement of the standard of living for the people--seems
far off, and that the workers today are being given only crumbs. He said
that the outgoing government was always able to draft its budget like a good
family provider, never concealing the truth, but unwilling to make promises
it knew it could not keep.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo said that "talking about the disastrous legacy" is a
phenomenon common throughout the world to those who promise the earth and who
realize, once in power, that they went too far in their promises. He
believes that the Mauritian people who voted massively for change were
cheated in the goods received. He added that history will show that he was
not mistaken.

The former minister of finance believes that the only thing which can be done
will be to improve the economic situation, something which has already
occurred and which was confirmed by the International Monetary Fund team
which visited Mauritius recently. He reminded us that Mr Berenger did not
mention economic independence or the world economic situation, despite the
fact that it has important effects on our financial situation, even once in
his speech. Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo believes that when the minister of
finance tries to conceal this truth, he is failing to tell the full truth to
the population.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo said that in view of the present economic situation,
the people would perhaps be in agreement with the caution shown by Mr
Berenger in his budget, even though he did make promises which came to
nothing.

52



stated that the owners are more concerned with their profit volume than with
creating jobs. Nor does the FNAS believe in the efficiency of modern manage-
ment. "This route leads to failure," D. Ramano said, because there is no way
to achieve "good capitalism."

The FNAS reiterated the proposals it made during a seminar last year. It has
voiced its complete solidarity and agreement with Prime Minister Aneerood
Jugnauth on the refusal to provide eggs and vegetables to the American
military forces on Diego Garcia.

5157
cso: 4719/1292

50



MAURITIUS

GOVERNMENT TO ESTABLISH A NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 10 Aug 82 p 1

[Text] Scientific research and the application of new technology in
Mauritius will see a new upsurge with the establishment of the National
Council for Scientific Research before the end of this year. The primary
purpose of this new institution will be to direct research which can be
adapted to the needs of the country. The government is currently working on
the modus operandi for this new body, and a draft law will be submitted to
the parliament within a few months by Dr Ahmed Swalay Kasenally, the minister
of energy.

The council will also have the important task of coordinating all research
undertaken by the various institutions on the small island of Mauritius, in
particular the Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Institute (MSIRI), the farm
extension service of the Ministry of Agriculture and the University of
Mauritius. The present disparate research thus needs coordination, since the
country cannot afford to waste its resources, government sources stress.

With the establishment of the National Council for Scientific Research,
studies will henceforth be carried out in a more rational and planned
fashion, in which connection the goals, strategy and policies for research
will be established. Dr Kasenally, the minister of energy, who is moreover
the author of this idea, believes that it is imperative for all countries in
the process of development to establish such institutions, so that the means
utilized for the transfer and adaptation of new technologies can be more
flexible and convenient. In each of the countries in the process of develop-
ment, an amount equivalent to between 0.7 percent and 2 percent of the gross
domestic product (PDB) is allocated for research. Where the island of
Mauritius is concerned, a sum equivalent to 1 percent of our PDB can be used
for research purposes, Dr. Kasenally believes.

Mauritius has rather costly equipment, the minister explained, but it is
underutilized for scientific research. Even the maintenance of this
apparatus is rather expensive, as is the cost of replacement parts. One of
the purposes of this council will be to insure the optimal use of this
equipment, so that the country can derive benefit from the relatively costly
investment. The council will also consider the possibility of training

56



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

LIKELY PORTUGUESE MILITARY ATTACHE--The Fortuguese embassy in Maputo will have
a military attache, and the ex-ANO? [Portuguese News Agency | has learned from
an unofficial source that Col Eduardo Velasco has already been designated to
fill the post. The creation of the post of military attache (which is still
tentative pending publication of the respective decree) was proposed by
Nozambican authorities themselves when Eanes visited Mozambique last November.
The sources contacted by the ex-ANOP indicated that the selection of Colonel
Velasco (currently a member of the armed forces general staff) was made from
among a group of colonels who were candidates for the post. With this meas-
ure--which comes at a time when the development of military cooperation between
the two countries is in the offing--Portugal becomes the second Western coun-
try (after Great Britain) to accredit a military attache in Maputo. [Text]
[Iuanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Aug 82 p 71 10992

PARTY, YOUTH CADRES TO USSR--A group of cadres from Mozambique party schools
and Mozambique Youth Organization [OJM] elements recently left for the USSR
for a number of courses. The party cadres, numbering 20, will undertake a 6-
month study course at the Lenin International Institute, while the OJM elements
will take part in a 10-month course to upgrade their qualifications [curso de
capacitacao] at the higher school of the Lenin Komsomol. [Text] [EA061534
Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0700 GMT 6 Sep 82]

CsO: 4742/392

60



There is therefore a need to effect a natural rapprochement with the neigh-
boring countries, which have so much to offer us, both on the trade and
cultural levels.

Moreover, when he met with our correspondent Jean-Clement Cangy, in Tanana-
rive, Mr Laurent Radaody, who heads the office staff of President Didier
Ratsiraka of Madagascar, and is the international relations official in the
political bureau of the ARMA [Vanguard of the Malagasy Revolution]--the main
political party represented in the Malagasy government, confirmed the good
intentions of the Malagasy government toward our country. "We have long
awaited the advent of this government to power. Indeed we are in favor of
cooperation on the regional level. For 6 years we have been participating in
the meetings of progressive organizations in the region, and we have thought
a great deal about the cooperation question. We are in favor of the estab-
lishment of a special commission on the Indian Ocean as a permanent body.
Our views are the same as yours on this issue."

With regard to the planned summit meeting to be attended by President Didier
Ratsiraka, France Albert Rene and Mauritian Prime Minister Aneerood Jugnauth,
Mr Laurent Radaody indicated to us that President Ratsiraka will definitely
participate. For all the participants, it is but a question of time
available and determination of the date.

5157
cso: 4719/1291

48



GUINEA

REVOLUTIONARY PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF GUINEA'S SECOND CONSTITUTION

Conakry DEUXIEME CONSTITUTION DE LA REPUBLIQUE POPULAIRE REVOLUTIONAIRE DE
GUINEE in French No 2919, 23-29 May 82 pp 27-41

[Text] Second Constitution

Preamble

The People of Guinea, by their massive vote of 28 September 1958, rejected
colonial domination and, by that act, recovered their national independance
and established a free and sovereign state. This state has taken the name of:
Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea

The history of Guinea shows:

a) that the Guinean nation was born of the state;

b) that it was begotten by the action of the masses of the people mobilized in
the bosom of the Democratic Party of Guinea [PDG];

c) that it is the Party that founded the state and that this state can, there-
fore, only be identified with the Party, which organizes it, directs it and
controls it, while assuming in a real sense all functions in the form of a
party-state and working for the realization of the people-state.

In Guinea, power is exercised by the people through the PDG, sole and exclusive
governing political power, which integrates all social classes in accordance
with the principle of democratic centralism.

The PDG is the party of the democratic African revolution, architect of the
independance of the people of Guinea, efficient arm of political, economic and
sociocultural development, based on the action of the working masses, source
of creative energy.

It is a popular revolutionary party.
The philosophical foundation of the PDG is the recognition of the preeminence

and the primacy of the people, supreme arbiters, source of the legitimacy
and the legality of power.

20



[Article:

[Excerpts]

Many farmers in Thyolo are
going bananas over the money
from the yellow fruit
grown in the district.

The district, the country's
leading banana producer, is
geographically suited for banana
growing and by the looks ot ."°°
number of plantations, it will
remain so for some time to come.

While production of bananas
supercedes that of maize in the
southern part of the district. In
other areas, particularly the
centre and the north, the crop is
sporadic because land is taken
up by tea estates and maize
gardens.

Some farmers say the crop was
introduced in the district in the
1950's to intensify soil conserva-
tion. This can, up to now, be
evidenced from contour lining of
the crop seen all over the hilly
terrain in the banana growing
area.

Mulanje is second to Thyolo in
the banana growing industry.

But there are other districts in
the country which have favoura-

ble weather and climatic condi-
tions for bananas like Nkhata
Bay, Rumphi and Karonga in the

BANANA GROWERS' COOPERATIVE AIDS FARMERS
Blantyre THIS IS MALAWI in English No 8, Aug 82 pp 6-8

"Thyolo Farmers Going Bananas")

Northern Region where bananas
are grown on a relatively large
scale for commercial and domes-
tic purposes.

Of the three districts in the
North, Nkhata Bay is the most
prolific, particularly in the Kavuzi,
Mpamba and Chikwina Highlands
where the crop is grown purely as
a cash crop, with the nearby
Mzuzu produce market providing
aconvenient outlet.

In Karonga, bananas grow best
along the River Rukuru and in
Ngerenge area.

Bananas, however, are mainly
grown in Malawi for domestic
consumption.

But in other countries like
Indonesia banana stem fibres are
used to manufacture fabrics.

In Rumphi domestic and com-
mercial banana farming is
concentrated to areas bordering
the Nyika National Park from
where most of the rivers in
eastern and western Rumphi
originate.

In recent years, production of
bananas as a commercial crop in
Thyolo has excelled beyond the
growers’ expectation. There are
over 3,400 banana growers with
an average of 0.6 hectare per

38

MALAWI



(Kwazulu, Lebowa, Gasunkulu...) would have the same status as the 10
regions mentioned above. Colored and Indians (but not Blacks) could,
like the Whites, send deputies to Parliament at Kaapstad. Suffrage,
universal or limited, according to certain criteria (level of education,
for example), would be the same for the three groups. At the national
government level, political power would be shared by representatives
of the three communities, whose number would be set, according to a
formula in the constitution, to form in some way "large permanent
coalitions." However, the activities of Parliament and the government
would be limited by the establishment of a presidency which would
preside over the executive. The new South African head of state, who
theoretically could be Colored or Indian, would have presidential
power similar to that of the president of the current French Republic.

Hopeful about these reform proposals, some people thought that they
would only be the first stage in extending these measures to more than
20 million Blacks, or at least to those living outside the Bantustans.
That was a hazardous speculation about the future. Not only would the
application of these measures result in the domination of 4.8 million
Whites, 2.5 million Colored and .8 million Indians by the black majority
but it was clearly apparent that the various political, cultural and
social systems which confront each other were totally incompatible and
could only lead to a democratic government if the rights of each

person were respected.

12

We had to expect that Pretoria would pursue its policy of separate
development for the Blacks since the leaders could conceive of no

other alternative. If P.W. Botha succeeded in passing reforms for the
Browns, his power would be increasingly threatened. After 30 years of
apartheid, many Whites would feel betrayed, might reject him and turn
toward more extremist parties. In any case, if the new policy of
healthy power sharing between the Whites and the Browns was implemented,
the problems raised by the presence of 20 million South African Blacks
without legal or political status would not be solved.

The solution of dividing the country radically into two parts has been
raised. Good frontiers can in spite of everything make good neighbors.
We must not deceive ourselves, as for the Indian subcontinent and

Cyprus, this division of South Africa could only come after a war.
Neither community is ready to accept it today. Frederik Van Zyl

Slabbert was right when he wrote that this solution would be the

ultimate option of retreat in a stalemated military situation. Then

the demarcation line would be determined by the military positions of

the two parties on the field and not defined by a concern for equilibrium,
respect and the well-being of the people.

69



ANGOLA

DAILY SHORTAGES OF FOOD, NECESSITIES PLAGUE POPULATION

Three-Year Wait For Sunglasses
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Aug 82 p 2
[article by Joao Serra: "I Am a Nobrega Customer"]

[Excerpts] I have been a Nobrega customer for more than 3 years. Every week
I stop by there to chat.

How many customers does Nobrega have who are so devoted, interested and
understanding as this humble chronicler who really needs a pair of sunglasses
for the coming season of hot weather, which is now very near?

For I have been calling on Nobrega, who is moreover my personal friend, for
whom I obviously have the greatest sympathy. And I always ask the same
question:

"Nobrega, when can you give me some dark glasses?"

This is, after all, Nobrega's business. He is an oculist. One of those most
sympathetic to customers.

When he has glasses in stock, his shop is always crowded with hundreds of
customers with prescriptions from specialists. Business moves reasonably
quickly and Nobrega, behind his counter, deals with the customers who come to
his establishment to have their prescriptions filled with unsurpassable
courtesy and technical advice.

However, when the shelves are empty, the shop is almost deserted, and it is
sad.

But I, even in those periods when the shelves are empty, am a faithful
customer of Nobrega, because my friend's shop is actually on my way to the
newspaper, and I can always find 10 minutes for a little chitchat.

Being someone's customer for 3 years seems to me worthy of note. Personally,
I do not know of anyone in Luanda who has been a shop customer for so long,



If we wish to evaluate Azania's prospects for conquering and controlling
Pretoria militarily, we must admit that the determination of white South
Africans to maintain their existence and identity can only be compared
to that of the Israelis and the Jewish nation. It must be noted that
unfortunately a sizable number of young black revolutionaries refuse

to recognize that South Africa is not another Rhodesia, Angola,
Mozambique or Algeria. Some, the most fanatic among them, unhesitatingly
state that the sacrifice of 4 million Whites and 15 million Blacks will
be necessary to establish at last a free Azania. Denis Beckett clearly
described the consequences of a policy based on this thesis: "The
truth is that a revolution will not be successful now or in the future.
No doubt, one day we will see a black government come to power but such
an event cannot in itself be considered a success, if the price is the
total devastation of the nation. Ultimately, that will be the price."

Despite the many attacks by the ANC, the PAC and the BCM, the repercussions
of the criminal trials of their leaders, trade union activities have

become the most visible and perhaps the most important part of the struggle
for liberation. After the liberalization of the labor law in 1979-1980,
most demonstrations against apartheid have been initiated by the
increasingly politicized unions.22 The increase in strikes--most gften
illegal--organized in close collaboration with civic organizations

for political reasons may adversely affect the smooth functioning of

the highly developed South African economy which is very sensitive to

any disruption. Yet certain factors still limit the effectiveness of

trade union activities.24 They do not have large strike funds and

lack experienced officials and leaders. The percentage of unionized
workers remains small and the young trade union movement is divided and
split for political and ideological reasons. To date, all attempts at
unification have failed. Moreover, there is no solidarity between

white and black workers. On the contrary, some Indian, Colored and

young white intellectuals, like Dr Neil Agget who hanged himself in

prison and whose funeral in March 1982 sparked a demonstration against
apartheid, support the struggle of black nationalists.

If occasionally there is solidarity between black and brown workers,

most often it is precarious and limited by the Coloreds' and Indians'
fears that a black government will take power. Whatever the grievances
of young brown leaders, especially the students with their demonstrations
of solidarity, what Fatima Meer, now banished, wrote more than 10 years
ago about the Indians remains true: "He (the Indian) has reached the
point where he considers the Afrikaner nationalism which he knows
preferable to black nationalism, the only possible alternative, about
which he has heard horror stories."

If, in 1982, it is impossible to know whether South Africa or Azania
will finally win out, it is on the other hand easy to see that any

72



peace between white South Africa and Azania? Although these leaders were
aware of the various articles already mentioned, in particular Ton
Vosloo's, urging them to talk with the ANC, apparently they still did
not understand the significance of the message.

However, are ANC, or even the PAC, BCM and AZAPO still willing to talk

with Pretoria about the country's future? Perhaps Nthato Motlana, the
chairman of the powerful "committee of ten" (Soweto), expressed the

ANC viewpoint (but certainly not that of the most radical factions)

when he mentioned two prerequisites to all negotiations with the government:
guarantee the participation of the most important leaders, in prison or

in exile, and have an agenda specifying that these negotiations were to
define methods to suppress apartheid and establish a nonracial democratic
society.

Quite rightly, Pretoria considers these conditions unacceptable because
they mean accepting the system of "one man, one vote in the nation."

If we consider the military and economic power of white South Africa,

we must recognize that the attitude of some black leaders is unrealistic
and naive and point out again that it does not take into consideration
the determination of the white African nation to safeguard its existence.
We must again emphasize that Pretoria will not accept these prerequisites
unless forced to militarily. Although some young black nationalists
claim that the Whites have already lost control of a portion of the
nation, this does not seem to correspond to the facts. Perhaps the
South African government can no longer suppress the struggle for
liberation by the Blacks and hide the demonstrations, but we must
recognize that the Whites still govern the country in all sovereignty.

The Liberation Struggles

The most radical liberation movements have learned lessons from the
situation described above and are using other methods to combat it.

The most striking fact currently is the return to a situation similar

to that of the 50's when the Congress Alliance brought together the
ANC (black) and three movements partially aligned with the South African
Communist Party (illegal, very close to Moscow) representing the three
minority ethnic groups--the South African Indian Congress, the South
African Colored People's Congress and the Congress of Democrats (Whites).
Thus today, we see that white South Africans (and citizens from one or
two Western European countries) took part in the ANC raid of August 1981
against the military complex of Voortrekkerhoogte. Comparing their
struggle to the PLO's against Israel, the black nationalists claim
three important advantages which make the armed struggle fought by
Azania difficult to contain: the length of the South African borders,
the enormous size of the country and the importance of the fifth column.

71



13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.
21.
22.

23.

For a comparison, see Heribert Adam, "Political Alternatives," in
Heribert Adam and Hermann Giliomee, Ethnic Power Mobilized: Can
South Africa Change? New Haven and London, 1979, pp 286-302
(286-296); see also Lawrence Schlemmer, "Social Implication of
Constitutional Alternatives in South Africa," in John Benyon (ed),
"Constitutional Change in South Africa," Pietermaritzburg, p 266.

See Willem de Klerk, "Is Dit Die Grafskrift?" Die Transvaler,
Johannesburg, 3 March 1982, p 10; Klaus Baron von der Ropp,
“Afrique du Sud: Solution par Partage du Pouvoir ou Division du
Pays?" [South Africa: Solution by Sharing Power or Dividing the
Country?] Le Mois en Afrique, Paris, October-November 1981, p 36,
following Jurgen Blenck and Klaus Baron von der Ropp, "Republic
of South Africa: Is Partition a Solution?" South African Journal
of African Affairs, Pretoria, No 1, 1977, pp 21-32; Gavin Maasdorp,
“Forms of Partition," in Robert I, Rotberg and John Barratt (eds)
The Apartheid Regime and Racial Domination, Berkeley, 1980,

pp 107-146.

Slabbert and Welsh, op. cit., p 169.

See Patrick Laurence, "Transkei: Lurking Threat of the ANC,"

Rand Daily Mail, 7 September 1981; see also by an anonymous author,
“Organised Labour in East London," South African Outlook, No 2,

1981, pp 13-14.

Consult the seven volumes of the Buthelezi Commission, published
by the Inkatha Institute, Durban.

See Die Transvaler, 9 March 1982; Beeld, 9 and 11 March 1982.

"We Have Pride, Too, Mr Botha," Frontline, Nos 7-8, 1981, pp 33-34;
see by the same author, "Perceptions of Change: Dilemmas and White
Rights," Frontline, May 1980, p 22.

See "Rocket HQ Traced," Rand Daily Mail, 15 March 1982, pp 1-3.
Denis Beckett, op. cit.

See the articles in the South African Labour Bulletin, Durban.

One of these organizations is Pebco [Port Elizabeth Klack Civic

Organisation.] On Pebco, see Carole Cooper and Linda Ensor,
Pebco: A Black Mass Movement, Johannesburg, 1981.

74



Title 8
On Local Collectives

Article 69. The Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea is composed of
local collectives, which are:

1. The regional revolutionary government [PRR]

2. The district revolutionary government [PRA]

3. The local revolutionary government [PRL] or people's commune.

Local collectives are administered by elected revolutionary governments.
Chapter 1

On Regional Revolutionary Government

Article 70. The PRR is made up of:

a) Decisionmaking bodies which together constitute the parliament responsible
for the development and adoption of all legislation concerning the region;

b) Executive organs responsible for carrying out the policy governing the
management of regional resources and their development.

Article 71. The PRR organs are, in order of precedence, the following:

1. The Federal Congress, which includes all of the executive organs of the
PRR, the PRA's and the PRL's,

2. The Regional Revolutionary Council [CRR], which includes the executive
organs of the PRR and delegations from the executive organs of the PRA's
and the PRL's,

3. The Regional People's Assembly, elected by universal suffrage, with powers
fixed by law.

Article 72. The regional executive is the Regional Executive Council, which
includes:

1. The Federal Bureau

2. The governor of the region

3. The heads of the regional services

Article 73. The Regional Executive Council is required to meet once a month
and take collective responsibility for the correct management of regional

national resources and the perfect execution of all decisions of national
and regional bodies concerning regional development.

31



T.A.: Have you any idea, insofar as the results of CONOCO's current
prospecting permit, of the extent of the oil deposit in northern CAR? In
both quantitative and qualitative terms.

J.T.: It would be totally unrealistic to talk about potential reserves

when the first drilling has not even been done. The series of rate-of-flow
tests will not be carried out until the dry season of 1983, so for the

moment our only consolation is that if the company continues to assign con-
siderable investment to this project there must be a strong chance of finding
oil. Of course, the opposite result is also possible, and that financial risk
falls on CONOCO. However, it is only after the first well has been drilled
and oil has been found that we will be able to start talking about potential
reserves.

T.A.: If oil is definitely discovered in the CAR, what annual rate of produc-
tion would be sufficient to change the economic and social picture in our
country?

J.T.: In respect to oil production, we have examples for comparison. There
is our neighbor Gabon, and soon Cameroon; and there are other African countries
such as Angola, Algeria and Libya. We have some idea of how much production
in barrels daily or annually would make it all worthwhile.

The benefits of the discovery of oil must be viewed according to different
scales of value: on the one hand, there is the CAR's interest; on the other,
there is also the interest of the companies that have made the investment
for the search. From the companies’ point of view--Shell, CONOCO and others--
certainly they would like to find reserves large enough for commercial sale
of the oil products on the world market, so they could make up the costs they
incurred over the last 10 years. Given these considerations, the CAR's
interest is thus in the extent to which it can meet its own needs and also
have revenue from taxes on the sale of oil products. There are other
alternatives. One is if the reserves turned out to be of little importance
in terms of the world market but of significance in respect to national
consumption. You know that domestic use of oil is currently about 80,000
metric tons per year, or 2.5 metric tons per day. The present consumption
capacity for oil products, all uses included, is about 150,000 metric tons
per year [figures as published]. Certainly, if a deposit were found that
was large enough to produce this quantity, it would be very significant for
the CAR.

T.A.: Eight years ago, detection experiments by an American satellite gave
rise to the term "Bangui anomaly." This was one way of saying that our
country has immense mineral potential: The presence of diamonds is known.
We may get to uranium one day. However, there is also the oil you have
been talking about. One question arises: Aside from these three, are you
engaged in prospecting for other minerals? Which ones are they and why?

J.T.: Aside from diamonds, which are our primary export resource; the
uranium project, which is waiting for prices to rise again in the world
market; and the oil that CONOCO is planning to exploit, there are also,
obviously, all the other minerals, including cooper, titanium, iron, etc.

17



The land is and remains the inalienable and exclusive property of the people.
By virtue of this fact, it can neither be sold nor purchased. Management
and enjoyment are authorized only for physical and juridical persons as
provided by law.

Title 2
On the Fundamental Rights and Obligations of Citizens

Article 6. All citizens and persons subject to the jurisdiction of the
Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea, without distinction as to race,
sex or religion, have the right to vote and to be elected under the conditions
prescribed by law.

Article 7. The citizens of the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea
enjoy freedom of speech, of press, of assembly, of procession and of public
demonstration under the conditions fixed by law.

Article 8. Liberty of conscience is guaranteed to citizens.

Article 9. No person may be arbitrarily detained.

Article 10. The domiciles of the citizens of the Revolutionary People's
Republic of Guinea are inviolable. Secrecy of correspondence is guaranteed by

law.

Article 11. The citizens of the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea
have equal rights to work, rest, social aid, training and education.

Article 12. Freedom to engage in trade union activities and the right to strike
are recognized for the worker.

Article 13. All acts of racial discrimination as well as all propaganda of a
racist or regionalist character are punishable by law.

Article 14. The Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea grants the right
of asylum to foreign citizens persecuted because of their struggle in the
defense of a just cause or because of their scientific and cultural activity.

Article 15. All citizens of the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea
have a duty to abide by the constitution and laws of the Republic, to pay
their taxes and to fulfill honestly their civic obligations.

Article 16. The defense of the fatherland is the sacred duty of each citizen
of the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea.

Treason against the people and the fatherland constitutes the greatest crime.
Article 17. In the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea, the rights and

duties of citizens are based on the principle of solidarity: "One for All,
All for One."

23



CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

BRIEFS

BUDGET DEFICIT--This year's budget figures are now known.

It is in deficit:

revenues 29,995,000,000; expenditures 38,203,178,000; a deficit of
8,208,178,000. [Text] [Bangui TERRE AFRICAINE in French No 457, 17 Jul 82

p 3) 9920

csO: 4719/1256

19



Chapter 2

On the Revolutionary District Government

Article 74. The Revolutionary District Government is made up of:

a) Two decisionmaking bodies, which constitute the parliament charged with
the development and adoption of all legislation and regulations concerning

the district;

b) An executive charged with carrying out the policy for managing and develop-
ing district resources.

Article 75. The organs of the PRA are, in order:

1. The Sectional Congress, which includes all the executive organs of the PRA
and the PRL's.

2. The Sectional Conference, which includes the executive organs of the PRA
and delegations from the executive organs of the PRL's.

Article 76. The executive of the PRA is the District Executive Council.
The District Executive Council is required to hold two sessions per month
and take collective responsibility for the correct management of district
resources and the perfect execution of all decisions of national, regional
and PRA bodies concerning the development of the district.

Chapter 3

On Local Revolutionary Government

Article 77. The Local Revolutionary Government is the basic unit of the PDG,
the party-state.

Article 78. Local Revolutionary Government is made up of:
a) A decisionmaking body, which constitutes the parliament charged with the
development and adoption of all legislation and regulations concerning the

PRL;

b) An executive charged with carrying out the policy for managing and develop-—
ing PRL resources.

Article 79. The decisionmaking body of the PRL is the General Assembly, which
meets weekly in ordinary session.

The General Assembly holds the people's power. It constitutes the congress
of the PRL and has general jurisdiction over all PRL matters.

The General Assembly can, at any time, call for replacement of the members
of the bureau of the PRL.

32



LOBITO PORT DATA--The general manager of the Commercial Fort of Lobito, Engi-
neer Fernando Falcao, disclosed to ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency | that from
January to July of this year the port moved approximately 4,000 tons of cargo,
most of which consisted of food products and raw materials. The general mana-
ger of the port explained that this movement--although slightly below the
target figure contained in the technical-economic plan--was in any case satis-
factory with respect to the average value obtained. He added that the slight
drop in output was caused by the lack of shipping in the Port of Lobito,

which has virtually been idle with a large percentage of the berths unoccu-
pied. Falcao also disclosed that 500,000 tons is the overall target for
output proposed in the technical-economic plan for attainment this year by the
entities of the port. [All figures as published] [Text] [Juanda JORNAL DE
ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Aug 8&2 p 1] 10992

PROTECTION OF PEASANTS--lMalanje--In order to group together the populations
that have been the victims of acts of sabotage and massacres committed by
armed bandits in the pay of imperialism, a number of "pilot villages" will
soon be built in Malanje Province in the municipalities of Lukembo, Kambundi-
Xatembo and Kirima. This was disclosed to ANCOP [Angolan Press Agency] by
Inacio Antonio Correia, member of the Provincial Committee of the party in
Malanje and coordinator of the Department of Administration and Finance [DAF].
This official declared that the project aims essentially at the elimination of
enemy activities against the people while providing for the people's defense.
According to the same source, a village with a capacity of 8,000 residences
will be builtin each municipality during the first stage of the project,
which has the support of the party and the government. After these villages
have been built they will be provided with party and governmental entities and
mass organizations. The DAF coordinator--who made a 30-day working visit

as part of the aid and control program--emphasized that the shortage of

urses, medicines and teachers are the principal difficulties which the three
affected municipalities are experiencing at the present time. [Text] [Luanda
L DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11 Aug 8&2 p 2] 10992

cs0: = 47h2/379

14



She pointed to his engagements book and shrugged her shoulders with a

sigh. "Simply overfilled with them! Internal ones, foreign ones, meetings,
conferences, symposia, reception of visitors and even visits. It is

simply unvelievable."

People's Photos

Nevertheless, as Mrs Smith explained, Mr Bell remains a good family man
(to be sgure the only "people's photo" in his office is that of the Bell
family: His little wife Vita (born Van der Merwe) and his daughters
Lynette (recently married) and Elrida. It is a known fact in ARMSCOR
that Mr Bell will not accept a social invitation without at least his
wife, and probably his daughters being invited as well (naturally until
Lynette was still unmarried). We were given the following example (but
let's leave names and places anonymous): A single invitation for "the
bash of the year" was sent to him. The end result? Mr Bell stayed hom
in his white house with the black roof and the white cement wall around
it which boldly (but without much success) attempts to tone down the
loud traffic noise of Park Street.

It is here in the sheltered area for the meat grill that Mr Fred Bell

and his family can play around and communicate as a family on Sundays

after church (among other things he was in the service of the Dutch Reformed
Church of Bomberg and Sunnyside before his travels rendered this impossible).
With his characteristic sense of humor which is always ready to burst
through as it lies just under the surface at all times, just like the

Free State's nut-grass, Mr Bell also talked about his titanic struggle

to keep open the access driveway to 800 Park Street on Saturdays when

the faithful converge on Lotus drive and park there. Mechanical aids

such as "road under construction" have already been used, but with little
success. Perhaps, in some special cases, you might hear about the unavoidable
granting of 1 free hour at the Bell toilet to those who have been standing
and suffering it out all afternoon by the cement posts of Loftus, as

in the case when the cold Premier Grand Crux is stroked over a little
child's tasty Vita-food.

A Man's Man

A man's man, therefore, as attested by the many awards on his own fireplace
(e.g., the Star of South Africa, the Civil Standard, Commander) as well

as by the admirers from the circles of difficult overseas armaments suppliers.
A respected man no matter where he shows up. In spite of that erect

military figure (about which Secretary Leonie Smith becomes lyrical)

he has a modest taste for clothing ("You just have to excuse me; I had

to wear the darker suit today, because the other is in the crycleaner").

A man who drives his own car even though an official driver is available.

The red Mercedes is a "true friend of the family," has reasonably good
mileage (cylinders?) and "good for a long time yet."

86



conflict enveloping South Africa with its considerable economic and
strategic importance will lead to an international crisis seriously
affecting East-West and West-South relations.

FOOTNOTES
1. "Dit sal kragtoer kos vir deurbraak," Rapport, Johannesburg,
14 February 1982 and "Regse groepe wys hul stem krag," Rapport,
4 March 1982.

2. “Soos Swapo, le die ANC woor," Beeld, Johannesburg, 9 January 1981.

3. See William Gutteridge, "Strategy for Survival," The Black Sash,
Johannesburg, January 1982, pp 5-15.

4. "Can It Come to This?" Frontline, Johannesburg, November-December 1981
pp 38-39.

5. Frederik Van Zyl Slabbert and David Welsh, "South Africa's Options:
Strategies for Sharing Power," New York and Kaapstad, 1978, p 119.

6. "Christian Perspectives of the Black Liberation Struggle in South
Africa," South African Outlook, Rondebosch, September 1979, p 137.

7. It is often expressed, for example, in sentences with implications:
"Every white man can take 10 kaffirs with him before he is done in!"

8. In "Deutsches Allgemeines Sonntagsblatt ," Hamburg, 10 July 1977, p 8.

9. "South Africa: The Nuclear Option," African Affairs, London,
No 10, 1981, pp 441-452.

10. Jan Groblar, "Die nuwe uitdaging," Nat 80's, Kaapstad, No 2,
1982, p 5.

11. See Vincent Farrel, "The Real Leadership of the Oppressed Will
Never Serve on the President's Council," Deurbraak, Kaapstad,
No 10, 1980, pp&9; David Curry, "President's Council--Like a
Wedding Without the Bride," Capes Times, Kaapstad, 1 Ostober 1980.

12. See Hermann Giliomee, "The Parting of the Ways for SA Politics,"

Rand Daily Mail, Johannesburg, 17 March 1982, p 9; Ton Vosloo,
“Anno Domini 2002," Frontline, No 4, 1982, pp 36-37.

73



FORMER MINISTER REPORTEDLY FLEES INVESTIGATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Aug 82 p 13

[Article by Tim Clarke]

{Text]

cso

4700/1848

A FORMER leading
member of the Mauri-
tian Cabinet of Sir
Seewoosagur Ram-
goolam has fled the
Indian Ocean island
after a crack-down by
the newly elected
Left-wing _ coalition
Government.

This was disclosed to
The Citizen this week
by a leading Durban
businessman who was
born in Mauritius and
who still has regular
contact with the island.

The businessman
said the man had fled
Mauritius after the new
Government, headed by
Mr Anerood Jugnauth,

had ordered a wide- -

spread _ investigation
into malp!
corruption on the is-
land in the past 10

years.

He said the passports
of several leading Mau-
ritian citizens had been
seized during the inves-
tigations to prevent
them fleeing the island.

Whites on the island
were generally more
than satisfied so far
with the moves being
made by the coalition to
clean up malpractices
at Government and
Ministerial level.

He added that the
police had begun inves-
tigating corruption and
bribery involving senior

‘members of the former
Government.
A number of leading

citizens outside the ~

Government had also
been questioned at
length about foreign
aid given to the island's
sugar industry.

The businessman
pointed to the fact that

Mauritius had been
given substantial aid by
several Western powers
and also by countris in
the Far East in the past
few years. .

One of the questions
the new Left-wing co-
alition wants answered
is what happened to
this aid.

The power behind the
party’s leadership, Mr
Paul Berenger, made an
election promise that
he would clean up cor-
ruption and maiprac-
tices.

The coalition swept
into power, winning all
but one of the 66 seats
in the main Chamber of

the businessman,
Mauritian Government
has not made any pro-
vocative statements
against South Africa,
nor has it made any at-
tempt to curb the thou-
sands of South African
tourists.

MAURITIUS


In this connection, both parties vigorously condemned the criminal attacks on
the Front Line countries by the South African racists, as well as the
maneuvers of the five Western countries in the Contact Group, which are
creating obstacles to the application of Resolution 435 concerning the
independence of Namibia, which has been illegally occupied in complete
violation of the decisions of the United Nations.

The delegation representing the Federation of Farm Workers Trade Unions in
the south of Portugal expressed solidarity with the Angolan workers and
people and condemned the Western desire to interfere with the Namibian
independence process and the withdrawal of the aggressive and colonizing
South African colonial army from the sovereign territory of the RPA [People's
Republic of Angola] and the international territory of Namibia, with Cuban
internationalist troops present in Angola. They reiterated that this
presence represents a sovereign act by the two governments, and that it only
concerns the Angolan and Cuban governments.

Both parties indicated their full solidarity with the workers and peoples
throughout the world who are fighting against colonialism, racism, Zionism
and apartheid and other forms of exploitation and oppression, in particular
the peoples of South Africa and Namibia, under the leadership of their
revolutionary vanguard organizations, the ANC and the SWAPO.

5157
CSO: 4742/378



Article 53. When imminent danger threatens the institutions, the security

of the independance of the nation, the integrity of its territory and when
the regular operation of the people's government is interrupted, the President
of the Republic takes such exceptional measures as are required by the
circumstances with a view to restoring order. He informs the nation by
message and convokes one of the national authorities of the party-state.

Article 54. Measures taken cease to have effect as soon as the circumstances
that gave rise to them have ended.

Chapter 2
On the Political Bureau

Article 55. The Political Bureau is the supreme executive organ of the party-
state. It fixes the date and the agenda of meetings of the organs of the
party-state and insures the execution of their decisions.

Article 56. The Political Bureau assists the President of the Republic,
Supreme Person Responsible for the Revolution, in the accomplishment of the
duties of his office.

Chapter 3
On Government

Article 57. The Revolutionay Government is presided over by the President
of the Republic, Supreme Person Responsible for the Revolution, and is composed
of the prime minister, chosen preferably from among the members of the Central
Committee and the superior agencies of the party-state by reason of their
revolutionary commitment, their sphere of competence and their integrity.

Article 58. The Revolutionary Government takes general measures necessary
for the accomplishment of the general policies of the party-state, especially
with regard to the execution of laws and decrees.

Article 59. The Revolutionary Government coordinates and inspires the activity
of the ministers who comprise it.

Article 60. In their respective functions, the members of the Revolutionary
Government are responsible to the President of the Republic.

Article 61. The President of the Republic, Secretary General of the Party-
State, Supreme Person Responsible for the Revolution, presides over Congress,
the Political Bureau, the National Council of the Revolution, the Central
Committee, the Revolutionary Government, the Superior Councils of the Central
Committee and the Revolutionary Government.

Article 62. The functions of the members of the Revolutionary Government

are incompatible with the performance for private gain of any professional
activity.

29



The Challenge of Azania

However, it appears that only a small minority of Afrikanerdom has

truly become aware of the consequences of the increasingly open revolt of
Azania (the term used by a growing number of Blacks to designate the
Republic of South Africa) against the apartheid regime whose racist,
oppressive nature Blacks have always emphasized.

Even though Pretoria controls and governs the country in all sovereignty,
no one can ignore the signs of active resistance: the attacks of
Umkhonto we Sizwe, the ANC guerrilla army, the ANC guerrilla raids
against symbols of the government (police stations, Bantu administrative
offices, army recruiting offices, etc) and industrial installations,
angry demonstrations of hatred during the funerals of people who played
important roles in the struggle for the liberation of Blacks; boycotts
of schools and universities and the increasing activity of the ever
more politicized trade unions. Because of this situation, black and
white Africa and the rest of the world waited in vain for a specific
response from Prime Minister P.W. Botha who seems, for the moment, to be
doing nothing to avoid war in southern Africa and not thinking about the
consequences of the policy of apartheid, the original cause of the
present crisis.

Consequently, may the following scenario soon happen? In December 1981,
a liberal South African newspaper, FRONTLINE, had a drawing on page one
showing Johannesburg devasted by war with only the ruins of the Carlton
Centre, a luxury hotel and the pride of the old South African capital,
standing in the midst of the debris; the caption read: "A future that
must not be." In his editorial that same day, Denis Beckett specified
that such a long-term conclusion was increasingly likely. In this
context, we can only regret that a small number of black and white South
Africans have the wisdom of two of their compatriots. Frederik Van Zyl
Slabbert and David Welsh wrote about the most violent extremists among
them: "The only hope for a certain consensus is that the forces at work
now have a precise idea about the abyss of violence, economic disaster and
the countless suffering which would result from unlimited conflict."

Weaknesses and Strengths of the Parties in Conflict

Too many young rebellious Blacks overestimate their revolutionary power
(the Blacks represent 70 percent of the total population) and underestimate
the strength of the resistance of white South Africans (17 percent),

their absolute determination, even among the most liberal, to defend the
existence of their white African nation. We fear that only the trauma

and sufferings of a civil war would make black leaders listen to

Gatsha Buthelezi, the president of the powerful INKATHA movement and

the only moderate black leader seeking compromise formulas and still
having a large audience. Buthelezi clearly understood the attitude of

65



The successive "betrayals" by British governments of the British
communities, especially those of Kenya and Zimbabwe, the fact that many
of these colonists came to live in South Africa, the multiplication of
authoritarian governments in black Africa, the economic decline of part
of the African continent and finally, the radicalization of the black
opposition in the Republic of South Africa have gradually caused the
majority of "Brits" to rally round the camp of the "Boers." Since 1974,
the arrival in the Republic of the Cape of 200,000 Portuguese refugees
from Angola and Mozambique and some 80,000 Rhodesian Whites has only
reinforced the most reactionary wing of the ruling party. Moreover, the
current political evolution of Zimbabwe may make the opinion of the Brits
more radical and lead to, on one hand, a merger between the majority of
the NRP [New Republic Party], the traditional political organization of
English speakers, and the NP and, on the other hand, the rallying of a
minority to one of the extremist South African parties.

A single example illustrates the fact that today the Brits are no more
liberal than the Afrikaners--the evolution of the RAND DAILY MAIL. It
is a quality, English-language daily, deeply committed to the values of
a multiracial society and has long fought apartheid more persistently
than any other white newspaper. However, several years ago, two
separate editions were published, one for black readers, the other for
the Whites, sometimes having different contents. Thus, on 13 March 1982,
the black edition published on page one a large photo of a demonstration
of black women and children on a hunger strike in the cathedral of

Saint George in Kaapstad to get the government to allow them to live
with their husbands or fathers in the Cape. Page one of the white
edition was devoted to a cricket match between South Africa and England.
Whites and Blacks live within the same borders, in totally different
worlds, with nothing in common any more, or very little.

Tensions Within the Governmental Party

At the very time when we see a rapprochement between the English speakers
and the Afrikaners, marked cleavages have appeared within the NP. We
can distinguish three main factions: the extremists rallying round
Andries Treurnicht, NP leader from Transvaal; the rightist conservatives
gathered around Prime Minister P.W. Botha and finally the liberal
conservatives made up of university professors from Stellenbosch,
RAU/Johannesburg and Potchefstroom, businessmen, Afrikaner journalists
and some NP deputies.

The internal evolution of the NP, the Afrikaner popular movement, has
obviously led to serious tensions. Back in 1969, a first split occurred:
a group of extremists headed by Jaap Marais left the NP and formed a
far-right party, the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party], which in April 1981
gained 14 percent of the vote.

67



However, the real split oceurred in 1982. In March, Treumicht formed
the KP [Konserwatieve Party]. No one can still say whether the KP or
the NP of P.W. Botha, formerly all-powerful in South Africa obtained
the votes of April 1981. There is no doubt that the KP has much greater
support than it seems (in fact, only 16 deputies out of 131 left the
NP). For the moment, this party is still poorly organized but it may
become important especially if it becomes allied with the HNP of Jaap
Marais. The KP program is simple: "Die stryd duur voort!" which means
struggle to maintain the status quo.

Some Aspects of the New Policy of P.W. Botha

What is the program of P.W. Botha, who is a true political professional
but lacks constructive ideas and is not very innovative?

The concept of parallel development for the Browns included the creation
in the white nation, of executive and legislative organizations similar
to those of the Whites. In reality, these institutions--Colored Persons’
Representative Council, South African Indian Council--which on paper
granted some local autonomy to the Browns, had no power at all. Thus,
from their creation, Colored and Indians have always more or less
boycotted them. The action of this policy had at least one effect,

that of making the government more liberal only toward the Browns.
Indeed, in an article which appeared in NAT 80'S, © 2 small NP
propaganda brochure, Jan Groblar raised the possibility of a healthy
power sharing or coresponsibility (in Afrikaner, gesonde magsdeling or
medeverantwoordelik heid) between the three minority groups, Whites,
Colored and Indians. It should be mentioned that the publication of
these proposals led to the departure of Treurnicht and the 15 extremist
deputies from the NP.

Some 2 years ago, Pretoria instituted the President's Council, an
organization whose main function, along with others, was to advise the
government on constitutional matters. Once again, Blacks were not
invited to take part in this organization. Parties representing the
Browns boycotted it. However, it took 18 months for this council,
after long deliberations, to make specific, positive proposals

similar to those Jan Groblarmentioned in his article. Several
constitutional projects were proposed. The communes of the Colored and
the Indians were to have the same legal and political status as the
Whites': in the event that neither community had a sufficient number
of people, a joint municipality for Whites and Browns was to be created.
The four current provinces (Transvaal, Natal, Orange Freestate and the
Cape) were to be abolished. South Africa--outside the Bantustans
(Transkei, Bophutatswana, Venda and Ciskei)--would henceforth be divided
into 10 regions: members of the regional executive and legislative
bodies would be elected from separate ballots for each community.
Moreover, the Bantustans which had not opted for "independence"

68



Title 4
On the Central Revolutionary Government
Article 35. The Central Revolutionary Government consists of:
A. The Parliament, which comprises: the National Congress, the Supreme
Constitutional Assembly, the National Council of the Revolution and the
National People's Assembly.
B. The National Executive, which comprises: the Supreme Person Responsible
for the Revolution, the President of the Republic, the Political Bureau,
the Government.

Title 5
On the National Parliament
Chapter 1
On the National Congress
Article 36. The National Congress is the supreme authority of the party-state.
Its jurisdiction is general, covering all national affairs. It defines the
broad orientation as well as the general principles of internal and external
policy of the party-state.
It adopts resolutions.

It adopts law programs, which determine the goals of the development plan.

It elects the National Political Bureau, the Central Committee and other
central organs of the party-state.

Chapter 2

On the National Council of the Revolution

Article 37. The National Council of the Revolution, whose composition and
jurisdiction are fixed by the statutes of the Party, supervises the execution
of the tasks assigned to organs of the party-state.

Article 38. The National Council of the Revolution adopts resolutions and
outlines of laws for the National People's Assembly, which is charged with
‘putting them in legislative form.

Chapter 3

Article 39. The Central Committee is the supreme authority of the party-state
between two sessions of the National Council of the Revolution.

26



Qa

Vivelsny

dn.

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wvaddaaya
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Vold3aWV HLYON

qaodo4 24 ut pouopuau suolseunsep saxo pur sis0d zususdiysuess ‘sease Sun0dxs po edue! ‘dupaoys dew y

78



But there is a problem. It is my misfortune, and that of my readers, that it
is a recipe for codfish, something which has not been seen on sale here for a
long time, probably because there are those who do not know how to spell the
name of it.

However, I am already in the middle of my article, and it is not easy to
change the subject now. Therefore, here I go.

The codfish I want to tell you about is the western Gomes cod.
And if there is no codfish for sale, why is this?

Is it because it is not one of the foods Angolans customarily eat, as is
often said?

The banana, a fruit probably introduced to Angola in the 15th century, was
not a food customarily eaten by Angolans then either. But today the demand
is such that one can not buy a banana in the market for less than 100
kwanzas.

But let us return to our subject: the cod.

The western Gomes cod is very similar to the eastern Gomes cod, the only
difference being that it is properly seasoned with pineapple.

Let us therefore proceed to the recipe.

One must boil codfish and potatoes, previously cut into small pieces, for 12
minutes.

After the mixture is cool, add to it one-half a pineapple, cut up as it would
be for fruit salad--and half the work is done. It is put in the oven with
crumbled eggs, oil and white wine. It is eaten warm.

If there is no codfish, import some.

Money spent to eat well is never wasted.

Let us rehabilitate the cod. It has the same rights as the banana.
Personally, I only hope that this fish story will not end up in muddy waters.
Taxi Shortage

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Aug 82 p 2
[article by P. Almeida: "The Taxis of Luanda"]
[Excerpts] The last time I took a taxi (tourist model) was a good couple of

years ago now. It was at the international airport on 4 February, when I was
returning from a long trip.



and in addition, this is a kind of relationship which long since ceased to
exist, perhaps because of the very irregular nature of imports, lack of goods
to sell, etc.

However, I am a patient man. I am persistent. I want sunglasses. I insist.
"Nobrega, when then are you going to have sunglasses again?"

To tell the truth, there have not been any imports recently, and unfortu-
nately, Nobrega still lacks the means of satisfying this order of mine

pursued through 3 long years of patient search.

But he always offers me hope. Perhaps in a month. If he gets a shipment, he
will not forget me. I can count on that.

Obviously, if one day Nobrega does sell me a pair of sunglasses, that kind
with the green lenses which enable one to view the world in shades of hope, I
will be very grateful to him.

I really need a pair of sunglasses. I have the money to pay for them. And
it will cost Nobrega nothing.

After all, I am Nobrega's oldest client. I have been on the waiting list 3
years. ‘I am putting up with it.

I always tell him: "Nobrega, you won't miss one pair of glasses."
Even if I have to wait 3 more years.
Codfish Imports Urged
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 7 Aug 82 p 2
[Article by Joao Serra: "A Foreign Recipe for Cod"]
[Excerpts] The lack of a cooking section in this newspaper, commonly found
in any other throughout the world, constitutes a lack which many readers have
pointed out to us, one which due to absolute lack of initiative, we have not

yet succeeded in filling.

But these readers are right. Cooking is a discipline which should even be
learned in primary school. Eating well is a sign of culture.

And it was with these faithful devotees of good cooking, of the tasty
tidbit, in mind, that I decided to publish a recipe in this column today
which is not to be found in the ordinary cookbooks.

Today, finally, I am offering you a recipe I chose for this most responsible
task, and which will make of your table, dear reader, if only for one day in
your life, the paradise in which a man can finally feel fulfilled, complete
and happy.



CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

OFFICIAL DISCUSSES NATION'S PETROLEUM, MINERAL POTENTIAL
Bangui TERRE AFRICAINE in French No 457, 17 Jul 82 pp 3, 10

[Interview with Jean Teya, director general of energy, mines and geology,
by Albert Mandazou-Ballet]

[Excerpt] We plan to question experts from the General
Directorate of Energy, Mines and Geology and from the
American company, CONOCO, which has been prospecting
for oil in our country since 1973.

In this issue, we present the point of view of Central
African experts in an exclusive interview with the
director general of energy, mines and geology, Jean Teya.

TERRE AFRICAINE: The Central African Republic, because of its geographic
location and particularly the geophysical composition of its subsoil, is

regarded as one of the African countries with great mineral potential. We
know the story in respect to diamonds. We can guess what it might be for
uranium. But Mr Director General, what exactly is the situation for oil?

Jean Teya: Our country is certainly thought to have a very rich subsoil,
even if only on the basis of the situation in neighboring countries, Zaire
in particular, whose minerals production is considerable. In our case, our
uranium deposits are known and current reserves are accurately estimated at
20,000 tons. As for oil, the search is not being carried out by the General
Directorate of Mines or any other Central African technical organization but
by a group of private companies that have an agreement with the CAR. For
the present, it would be risky to talk about a total figure or reserves
because the first drilling tests have not been made, but we have great hope
of finding oil.

T.A.: We know that since 1973 an American company, CONOCO (Continental Oil
Company), has been prospecting in the north of the country, among other things,
for oil. From 1973 to 1982, that will soon be 10 years. What concrete
prediction can you make today about our country's oil prospects?

J.T.: The fact that this company elected to prospect in the northern part of

our country reflects its confidence in internationally available technical
studies showing a strong likelihood of finding oil in this area. CONOCO's

15



ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE DELEGATION ENDS VISIT WITH PRESS CONFERENCE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 10 Aug 82 p 2

[Text] At the conclusion of a 6-day working visit paid to our country, the
delegation representing the Federation of Farm Workers Trade Unions in the
south of Portugal held a press conference yesterday morning during which they
discussed various subjects connected with the struggle being waged by the
Portuguese workers.

During the press conference, Manuel Vicente, the secretary general of that
trade union, spoke of the organizational level achieved by the Angolan
workers' trade unions in these few years of independence, despite the tremen-
dous difficulties they face mainly where the training of cadres is concerned.
In this connection he said that some of these difficulties are shared by the
Portuguese workers, as their visits to various localities and sectors of
activity have allowed them to note.

The press conference was preceded by the reading of a joint statement in
which the two parties stated that through their meetings, it has become
possible for the workers in the two countries to establish new bonds of
cooperation and friendship, through closer relations based on reciprocity and
internationalist solidarity.

The Portuguese trade union delegation, which came to our country at the
invitation of the National Agricultural Workers Trade Union, included, in
addition to the secretary-general of the Portuguese union, the head of its
international relations department, Jose Carinhas. During their stay in our
country, the members of the delegation toured various production units and
historical and cultural sites in the provinces of Luanda and Malanje,
accompanied by their hosts.

Trade Union Cooperation Between Portugal and Angola

In the joint statement, both parties acknowledged that despite the situations
inherited from the past, it has become possible for Angolan and Portuguese
farm workers to establish new bonds of cooperation and friendship, through
the strengthening of the relations between the trade unions and their
federations, based on the principles of reciprocity and internationalist
solidarity, and with a view to the exchange of trade union experience between
the Angolan and Portuguese workers.



His little wife Vita: "What a beautiful woman!" noted Leonie. "Only
5 minutes in her company and you just fall in love with her. She has
no affectations, no sharp tongue such as one cometimes encounters in
high society women."

The only case of giving into "comfort" on the part of Mrs Vita Bell,

who herself puts in a hard day's work as a librarian in Pretoria, is

her white Alfa. At one time she and her husband were fond of races.

The throb of a finely tuned-up engine continues to stay with her, perhaps
more so than with her husband. He is the essentially "down to earth

man" who works his own garden and like John Public likes to dig and pry
into things and even replace the old house roof. It has also been said
that, were it not for a black man or two the contents of the Bell household
would have certainly been washed away and ruined some years ago whenthe
Pretoria sky opened up in the course of the night slamming into a tarpaulin
covered framework.

The last bit of comment came from the mother-in-law, Nellie van der Merwe,
(daughter of one of our country's great prodigies--a genuine old time
senator) and it was a la Steinbeck: "I have a son-in-law made of gold.
No son of mine could have been better to me. As a widow I would have
certainly been lonely at times, but not with God and Fred Bell."

ARMSCOR Progress Report
Pretoria PARATUS in Afrikaans Jul 82 p 52

[Text] The ARMSCOR personnel training system is esteemed so high that

the private sector considers a member of ARMSCOR a very desirable "commodity."
Nevertheless, the fact that personnel turnover at a seniro engineering

level (about 2 percent) is only a fraction of the turnover in industry

in general speaks volumes for ARMSCOR's aura of job satisfaction. Personnel
turnover at the jobs level is about 5 percent lower in general industry.

According to Mr Fred Bell, the chief executive administrator as of 1
July, "ARMSCOR's workers policy is a peaceful one, one of productivity
and maintaining a low profile. We advocate a free trade union association
and we are not afraid of good labor relations."

Road Ahead Mapped Out

Mr Fred Bell noted: "The arms boycott against us was actually a blessing
in disguise and I am not putting this lightly. Since Harold Wilson's
first partial boycott to the mandatory UN boycott, which was intended

to leave the Republic of South Africa powerless, we were forced to adopt
Hobson's Choce: No choice."

"Now, in the second half of 1982, the measures taken by our enemies (either
for lack of information or for the purpose of seeking revenge, or other
motives) have forces us to establish and set in motion an arms manufacturing
industry of such dimensions and standing that the world's traditionally
biggest arms manufacturers are looking at this industry with great respect."

87



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apparently ovned [ynsen ott | reguon frow ] gne mip | region to sither enee the anip $6 one of che
the anupte presumed | company |ukicn ene ship | called at | which the saoat likely" to have delivered crude
cil cargo; and |i based | apparentiy south attics [snip sated | 1) to Soutn Atries (uhee> cases are
i) company's sailed to after ip capital lettered, of that the anio.
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abip teseit Eagee ace in email 1eteerey
urnionn company — | ywrnown | arapian cuit | aren ‘to | Sank off ing company acknovledged to the press
Tact Africa oa ne thip delivered erase ofl to Souen
are
suet! werwen- | weenertande | npr ‘80 | united Arad | Satted empty from Curope, but made
[eine charter) “Panos? | “Aneitler Emirates | considerable detour vis a Cariboean crude oi}
ONTTED trans-ahipsent location, from vnich 1t then
ceca departed with Soutn Africa as its acknowlocged
Gextinstion. (See nap.) After South Africa,
Nene to an oll-erporting area.
Netherlands | September *80] Onan Satled eapty fron Eucope, but

considerable detour vie a Caribbean crude oft

hiprent location, ffom which it then
Geparced vith south Africa ae ita acknoviedged
destination. (Soe aap.) After South Africa,
went co an oll-exporting ar

raansworto orn}?/
"thine chazeet)

Arabian cuit

Fevruary ‘80 | oman

Satted ko South AErica {ron an otd-exporting
areas then immediately returned to the
Oll-exporting area.

‘TRawsweato o1L
“Tete shatter!

Arabian Gute

‘mac /oprit *1) Saudi Arabte

jailed to South Arica from an oll-experting
then iomedLately returned ¢o the same
porting area

ison ort 12/
Tiles cnareer)

Arabian Gulf

revruary ‘80 | oman

Satied co South Arica from an ol l-exporting
fen inaedistely feeutned tO Ene sane
porting are

peawsworto ort 2/

"Teine charter)

Arabian cule

mac /Apeti “80 | Saudt Acadia

Satled to Soutn Africa from an oll-exporting
are Tnnediately returned to the saze
Ollsexporting area.

raxsworo ot. 'l/

“Teipe charter)

Arabian Gulf

SaLted to South Africa from an of}-exporting
area; then immediately returned to the sane
Ollsexporting are

Teansworto orn4?/
“Teine chatter)

Arabian cult

uty "80 oman

Salled to South Africa from an of l-expocting
area} ther immediately returned to ene sane
Ollcexporting area.

prawswonto orn t?/

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Arabian Gulf

august Arabian Gulf

Satied to south Afeica from an ot-eaporzing
fen immediately reterned to the sane
porting af

ail:

‘Faanswonto ore}?

(gine chatted)

Acabuan cute

octever *80 | Saudi Arabia

Satled to South Africa from an oul-exportig
ea; then innedlately returned to the #30
porting area.

a

eansworto ort!/ | sepmwoas | Arabian cute — | oecenter *80/| tran Led to South Africa from an o1l-exrorting
[eine enarter) RETIERS ‘January 81 then immediately returned to tne e20c
porcay Otisexporcing are:
axswoeto ore’ | sermons | Arabian cuit | march ‘81 bahrain sailed to South Attica tram an orl-exporting
“Teine charter) peice ely returned to the sane
coos otltexporting are
peevowy | Arabian cule | aug./Sep. ‘#o| Saudi Arabia | Satied to South Africa from an oflmexporting
area: then imediately returned to the same
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fo soutn Ate copttentloy he oenten
Nevepeper Land 0g” foik 7
wr conrany | uwevoe | Arabian cute | une “81 Denmark Satled to South Afsiea from an oft-exporting
Teine charter! sreatlon arrival! in South Atcica 10 aust Rave
@ischarged its probable crude oll cargo,
becnuse ie then leaded coal for Europe
sheti!/ Netheriands | waren "80 Sailed to South Africa frome crude ofl trans

Tene ticket ovner)

‘Antilles

Ehipeent. location: thea continued co an oll
exporting ares

ASTON

80



cso:

unknown company took possession of the
cargo in May 1981 and the final analysis of the
case states: “‘Sailed to South Africa from an
oil exporting area while under charter by an
unidentified company to carry 220 000 tons of
crude oil, then immediately returned to the
same oil exporting area.”

In some cases, the report points out de-
tours undertaken by ships and suggestng that
the tanker was indulging in illicit trading with
South Africa. The logical route for certain
trips would be much shorter and a detour of
often several thousand miles could only be
interpreted in one way.

Remote control

Crude oil therefore does reach South Afri-
ca, largely because of what the report terms a
‘split control over the oil.’ Some control is
only exerted by the oil exporting countries,
which seek to prevent the oil from reaching
South Africa.

The remaining control is exerted by the
companies that purchase or transport the oil
and these companies are often based in west-
ern countries which do not declare selling or
transporting oil to South Africa illegal.

Yet despite these problems, it is suggested,
there are ways and actions for the oil expor-
ters to at least to make it ‘more difficult’ for

4700/1787

83

their oil to be taken where they do not want it
to be. Necessary action lies in three areas:
monitoring, legislation and enforcement

Each contract should include a require-
ment that the oil company must provide
documentary and independently verifiable
proof that all the oil reaches its destination.
In the event of the oil being re-sold, the legal
liability to ensure that it does not go to South
Africa should rest with the original buyer.

Finally, enforcement of the legislation and
contract terms, including the imposition of
penalties must be maintained if the embargo
is to be truly effective. Companies which
breach confidence could be denied future
contracts, or they could be otherwise penal-
ized.

The cost and inconvenience of these forms
of action are modest in relation to their
potential impact on South Africa, the report
concludes.

The embargo could be enforced, especially
since the departure of the Shah of Iran there
is not a single major oil exporting country
which does not stand decisively behind the
UN motion. .

The only exception is Brunei, a tiny British
colony in the Far East, but that island only
exports a minor quantity of oil.



The Party is the supreme medium of the people in the exercise of power and
the principal force governing their action.

The PDG considers the fundamental, permanent and universal contradiction
between good and evil as well as the legitimate struggle between the social
classes, as the sole, dynamic and historic course of conquest, of the exercise
and development of the political, economic, social and cultural power of the
people.

The PDG leads this struggle on two fundamental fronts:

1. The front for the domination of nature by the appropriation by the people
of all knowledge and all skill applied to creative work.

2. The front for the permanent struggle against all regimes and systems of
exploitation of man and for the real and total administration of government,
with all its powers, by the people.

The line of the masses is the principle that directs the PDG in the class
struggle. On the basis of the line of the masses, the PDG has begun a process
of the radical transformation of society, of constant and resolute struggle
against all forces of and every inclination toward the exploitation of man by
man.

The Guinean revolution, like every true revolution, is, by its very essence,
global and multiform. It goes to the root of things and arms the people
across all ideological, cultural and material lines with a view to rendering
it invincible in history.

In the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea, the class in power is the
working people, which constitutes the class-people.

The PDG, party of the class-people, has at its disposal for the realization
of its goals a technical instrument, the people's revolutionary state.

The state, with all its apparatus and structural and operational means, material
and immaterial, is the instrument by which the class-people exercises sovereign
power, defends itself and continuously develops in order to satisfy fully

all its progressive aspirations.

The organization of the revolutionary Guinean state is faithful to this demand
for ever-growing progress toward the goal of ever-increasing freedom for the
working people and their greater worthiness because of their being always
responsible and more competent.

Determined to make a reality the principle that calls for the people to govern
and control their state, the PDG proclaims the party-state phase, whose ideals
require:

1. that the democratic state not administer the people but that it manage
public property;

21



320246

JPRS 81796

17 September 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

‘No. 2692

490 80608661

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

}O

q7
ApS”



SOUTH AFRICA

BIOGRAPHIC SKETCH OF NEW ARMSCOR CHIEF, A PROGRESS REPORT
New Chief

Pretoria PARATUS in Afrikaans Jul 82 pp 44-45

[Text] Students of human exploits speak with high esteem about the astonish-
ing and continuous level of achievements by Free State citizens. Just

take note: State presidents, prime ministers, chief justices, cultural
giants, scientists and...now and then even a brilliant White Tornado

rugby team.

This phenomenon (enigma?) also applies to Mr Frederik Johannes Bell (commonly
referred to as Fred Bell), the chief executive director of KRYGKOR [South
Africa's Armaments Corporation, (ARMSCOR)] since 1 July, as ascertained

in the course of a comprehensive interview. "The Free State culture,"
replied this refreshing and straightforward man with penetrating blue

eyes and a silver-gray mane (although only 55 years old), "lends itself
ideally to tranquil thinking, calm understanding and cultivation of self
assurance." Are these then the qualities that he would like to see in

his fellow men and especially in the 28,000 fulltime employees of ARMSCOR?

The spontaneous and cordial laughter always noted under the surface tells
its own story. "I am not going to try to reform the world. Many good
things have already been done and this has created a foundation upon
which I can build."

Productivity

"However, if I were to turn to the 28,000 ARMSCOR's own workers and to
the 60,000 workers employed by our contractors, then this would be a
call for higher productivity."

"The first thing involved in this concept is selective appointments with
the basic idea of trainability built into it. This is no arbitrary or
even ractionary attitude. Be assured by the knowledge that ARMSCOR already
has excellent training projects. The inputs (manpower in the configuration
of this main asset) must of course be trainable so as to provide logic

to the existing facility."

84



MAURITIUS

MAURITIAN REVOLUTIONARY GROUP LEADERS EXPLAIN GOALS
Port Louis LE NOUVEAU MILITANT in French 23 Jul-1 Aug, 8-15 Aug 82

{Interview with GMR leaders Vijayen Valaydon, Rahim Said Hossen and Rama
Valayden; date and place not given]

(23 Jul-1 Aug 82 pp 1,11]

[Text] The Grup Morisyen Revolityoner (GMR) [Mauritian Revolutionary Group]
made a public statement for the first time when it organized, jointly with
the SIM, a protest demonstration in front of the American embassy in Port
Louis, during which about a thousand persons denounced the genocide being
committed by the Americans and Zionists against the Palestinian people in
Lebanon.

To learn more about this movement, HORIZONS NOUVEAUX met with three of its
sponsors--Vijayen Valaydon, Rahim Said Hossen and Rama Valayden.

They first of all stressed forcefully that the GMR is profoundly inter-
nationalist. 'In the era of imperialism, one reality forces itself upon all
of those waging the struggle throughout the world: the struggle is inter-
national. We cannot confine ourselves to a single country ‘in the name of
the national interest' at a time when thousands of our brothers and sisters
are dying every day throughout the world, in particular in the Third World,
because of a system organized in the class interests of certain powers. The
goal of the struggle is to improve the lot of each human being on earth,
wherever he may be, particularly in such hot spots as Palestine, Azania, El
Salvador, Eritrea, Namibia, etc., where entire peoples are living under
particularly tragic conditions of oppression. Our symbolic demonstration in
front of the American embassy was designed to make the public aware of the
tragedy of the Palestinian people, to assert our sense of revulsion against
America, the Zionist state and its friends, and to make all of this rabble
understand that there are human beings who will no longer content themselves
in the future with remaining passive spectators while their brothers are
massacred. It must be made clear that now and henceforth, after having
analyzed all the possible consequences, there are comrades willing to go and
fight beside the Palestinians in Lebanon. We also want to put Mauritian
internationalism into practice and to show that we are not a revolutionary
group for nothing."

44



Skilled Personnel Needed

The factory sector is in operation, making a rather great effort with the aid
of Soviet cooperation to ensure that the cotton ginning machinery functions
16 hours a day. It is only for lack of sufficient and properly skilled
manpower that it is not possible to have the factory operating around the
clock.

On the other hand, it is essential that the workers be provided with the
necessary equipment for better protection against toxic effects.

Cooperation Efforts

The N'Zinga M'Bandi Cotton Enterprise is currently being aided by 32
cooperative workers, all Soviet citizens. They include agronomers, mechani-
cal engineers, electricians and translators.

Soviet cooperation, according to the director, Jesse Safec, has yielded good
results in training Angolans where cotton production technology is concerned,
including, for example, mechanics and electrical equipment and combine
operators. Each of the Soviet citizens works with two Angolans.

As of the present, 38 Angolan technicians have already been trained.

5157
CSO: 4742/378



ANGOLA

USSR COOPERATIVE WORKERS HELP WITH COTTON PROJECT
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 Aug 82 p 3

[Excerpts] Cotton is one of the main crops in the province of Malanje. In
Cacuso, this is one of the crops which has merited the greatest development
because of its economic value and its importance as a raw material for the
domestic textile industry.

With this in mind, the N'Zinga M'Bandi Cotton Enterprise was established.
Although it does not yet have legal status, it does physically exist and is
making a contribution as a productive source to the regional economy.

Primitive Picking Methods

The way in which cotton is picked is not only counterproductive in terms of
profitability, but also began at a certain point to create a certain obstacle
for the national economy, because it is done by hand, without any protective
measures.

There is no permanent manpower available for cotton picking in Cacuso, since
this type of work is exhausting, while on the other hand, the workers do not
have the supplies of foodstuffs necessary if they are to attack the 2,500
hectares of land completely covered with cotton with greater determination
and enthusiasm.

This is why the N'Zinga M'Bandi Cotton Enterprise has a sector of migratory
workers, which is however insufficient to guarantee continuous productivity.

Currently, the majority of the individuals picking cotton in Cacuso are young
people under 18 years of age who make a great contribution during their
school holidays to the completion of this type of work, to the benefit of
national reconstruction.

Furthermore, the lack of suitable machinery should be stressed. The greater
portion of the combines that enterprise has are in the worst of condition,
since there are no spare parts available to guarantee their proper operation.

These are in brief the main problems which the enterprise is facing, and
which lead to the absenteeism so notable in the cotton production fields in
Cacuso.



Mauritian scientific personnel locally. Within this framework, the council
will coordinate its efforts with all the research institutions with a view to
establishing priorities.

Researchers in particular will be incorporated by the council, and in this
group, the names of Prof I. Manrakhan, Prof G. Mohammedbhai, Drs Claude
Ricaud, Julien, and Williams, and Mr Dupont de Rivaltz de St Antoine,
director of the Mauritian Research Institute, have been mentioned.

5157
cso: 4719/1291

57



MAURITIUS

ELECTION OF MAURITIAN MILITANT MOVEMENT CENTRAL COMMITTEE REPORTED

Sixty-Four Candidates Compete
Port Louis L'EXPRESS in French 8 Aug 82 pp 1,6

[Text] This morning, 64 candidates will compete for the votes of the repre-
sentatives of the various branches of the Mauritian Militant Movement (MMM),
hoping to be elected to the 15 seats to be filled in the first election round
for the MMM Central Committee for the 1982-83 organizational year. The MMM
Central Committee has 35 members, and the other 20 will be chosen on the
district level in the days to come.

Of the 64 candidates, 21 are outgoing members and 9 are parliamentarians. In
this first round, only five seats are reserved for the parliamentarians. The
nine parliamentary candidates are Messrs Aneerood Jugnauth, prime minister
and outgoing president of the MMM; Paul Berenger, minister of finance and
outgoing secretary general; Abdool Kader Ahmed Bhayat, minister of commerce,
industry, prices and consumer protection; Ramduthsing Jaddoo, minister of
education; Shri Krishna Baligadoo, minister of housing, lands and the
environment; Premdut Koonjoo, minister of regional administration; and
Mathieu Lacle, Devanand Routho and Ravind Lochun, deputies.

According to indications obtained from circles close to the MMM, there will
be a bitter battle for the fifth seat reserved for the parliamentarians. The
four parliamentarians favored for reelection are Messrs Jugnauth, Berenger,
Bhayat and Jaddoo, while the other two ministers, Baligadoo and Koonjoo, will
have to compete with the three other deputies to retain their Central Com-
mittee seats during this first round.

Of these nine parliamentarians, eight are outgoing members of the political
bureau, and the ninth, Mr Lochun, had bad luck during the last Central Com-
mittee elections.

Moreover, three other candidates were rejected by the Central Committee.

They are Messrs Aston Claire, Clency Gangaram and Mitradev Peerthum. The
first two were disqualified because they had not yet held party membership
for 2 years, while the last mentioned was not a member of any party group.

As is known, the first round to elect the members of the Central Committee of
the party, scheduled for Sunday, 11 July, was postponed at the last minute

40



eager. | Snap | Couneey Shipping conpuny | Count Country | Shipping conseny | cousen
tape |unone tisg wtich isjeas | an wnscr | an vnich | whten as/vee | an ehscn
she snip cenager of seraging |registered |apoerent benetici+1| soperers
uses the snip —conpany of | owner of | ovner of peneticted
the anip | ne sue the ship ner of
ta based | is bases the mip
sa bases
219,292 wer sues were | smu seen ane,
‘eos Bam Siritees Sorizoes “qs
Eincoon
ern, wen vereeRo0s/
ous meal Saatiturs Series Terres
Hincoce
A . v
rypagege | sioeto [ou [ence azcrus surperwc co! creece | uroenta | yn. p. montnos!/ | greece 7)
py 733,008 worar (a. e, wasreruces? sonar | somay | umoosn connanr?” | worvay
ma 733,009 worer (ae, userrocer® somay ‘wero conan?’ | womay
roacez mass] 2noice fou | fooease [a sSuusn!/ pewar |oemune arp. xouren!” — | pemane
tanker
‘nasi 77,308 | conmines |noRwar Tower + eireen!” [yomay  |womar | sscnupr « erszew!” | wonway
syroe 100,124 |eombinea Jareece tieteon maritime — [creece | uiveria |rtetson maritime | creece
cnerier ee ey
The main detours (in nautical miles) made by ships
‘Retual route by the ship Detour in
compared to the shortest route possible: nautical miles
From Singapore via Arabian Gulf to South Africa 4,300
compared to: From Singapore directly to South Africa . 2
From N.W. Europe via Caribbean to South Africa 4,000 m
compared to: From N.W. Europe directly to South Africa| :
From N.W. Europe via South Africa to Arabian Gulf 5,900
comp. 4 to: From N.W. Europe via Suez to Arabian Gul4] 900
From N.W. Europe via South Africa to Singapore
compared to: From N.W. Europe via Suez to Singapore 4,650 m

Detour in nautical miles showing that the ship could have made 2 halt at a South African port

EAB ORS

81



Article 48. The President of the Republic enters into office during the week
following his election. He takes oath before the Supreme Constitutional
Assembly, whose composition, powers and operating rules are fixed by law.
Article 49. In addition to the powers of the Supreme Person Responsible for
the Revolution contained in the present constitution, the President of the
Republic possesses the following powers and prerogatives:

1. He embodies unity of government inthe party-state at home and abroad;

2. He is the guarantor of the constitution and of the independance and
integrity of the territory;

3. He is the commander in chief of all revolutionary people's armed forces;
4, He is responsible for national defense;

5. He appoints the members of government and fixes their powers;

6. He presides at joint meetings of the central organs of the party-state;
7. He possesses regulatory powers;

8. He supervises the enforcement of laws and regulations;

9. He provides for civil and military employees in accordance with the law;
10. He possesses the right of pardon, the right of total or partial remission
of any penalty as well as the right to erase the consequences of whatever

nature of penalities pronounced by any jurisdiction;

11. He can lay any question of national importance before the people by means
of a referendum;

12. He appoints and recalls ambassadors and envoys extraordinary of the
Republic to foreign countries. He receives letter of credence and recall
of foreign representatives;

13. He concludes international treaties. He promulgates laws;

14. He bestows decorations, honors and honorary titles.

Article 50. The acts of the Revolutionary Government are signed by the Presi-~
dent of the Republic.

Article 51. In case of a vacancy in the presidency for whatever reason, the
Revolutionary Government remains in operation and carries on current business
until the election of a new chief of state within a maximum delay of 45

days, during which presidential elections are organized.

Article 52. The office of president of the republic is incompatible with
the performance of any other lucrative function.

28



[Question] What are the goals and objectives of the GMR?

[Answer] Our duty of overall struggle against imperialism in favor of
[passage illegible]

on all levels, so that the people can collectively pursue their destiny, and
so that individual human beings can fully realize their individuality.

We are indeed aware that the development of such a society will take time,
but the important thing is that we are working in this direction. The
establishment of neighborhood committees everywhere to achieve this end
should be the task of all those who believe in the power of the people.

The masses in these neighborhood committees should be encouraged to speak
out, and to participate together with the vanguard elements in changing the
society of exploitation. We think that the neighborhood committees can be
the popular power cells which will gradually join together in order to find
the higher forms of organizing a society in which the masses of the people
will truly be in power. The system of organization will take shape of
itself. Who could have imagined 300 years ago that the monarchic system,
believed to be absolute, would gradually weaken and yield to the republican
system which endorsed the emergence of the bourgeoisie. On the day when
every human being is in a position to develop his personality fully, then we
will be living in a society in which the people are really in power.

[Question] What are your immediate goals [passage illegible]

to continue to create cells everywhere, in other words to encourage the
establishment of neighborhood committees or Comites lepep Morisyen [Commit~
tees of the Mauritian People], to make people aware of their problems and
enable them to pursue their destiny, to support any struggle designed to
obtain minimal wages for the workers, without lapsing into leftist demagogy,
to prevent a revival of the right wing, whether in disguise or not, to face
the MMM with its own promises, etc.

[Question] What are your relations with the parties or other movements on
the left, or what will they be?

[Answer] It is a question of providing aid to whatever can move the struggle
of the oppressed ahead. But we do not believe in political parties. They
attempt to put theitselves in power, whereas we are fighting so that the
masses can control the regime. We must destroy the myth of the political
parties as saviors of the people. After the PT [Labor Party] there is the
MMM, and after the MMM there will perhaps be Lalit. This is but a vicious
circle. They are "tools of government" which fight among themselves to seize
power in the name of the people. True revolutionaries must aid the masses to
organize themselves and to demand their rights without recourse to the tools
which want to abuse the weaknesses of the masses in order to usurp power in
their name.

45



Chapter 4

On the National People's Assembly

Article 40. The mode of election of the members of the National People's
Assembly, eligibility requirements and disqualifications, the term of office
and the number of deputies are fixed by law.

Article 41. The National People's Assembly is called into session by its
president or on demand of two-thirds of its members to vote on bills as well

as on any other questions that are submitted to it or laid before it.

Article 42. The National People's Assembly decides on its own internal
procedures by fixing:

1. the composition and operating rules of its personnel;

2. the number, manner of appointment, composition and jurisdiction of working
committees;

3. the organization of administrative services placed under the authority of
the President of the Legislative Council assisted by a secretary general;

4. disciplinary rules for the deputies;

5. in general, all rules concerning the operations of the Assembly within
the framework of its constitutional competence.

Title 6
On the National Executive
Chapter 1

On the President of the Republic, Secretary General of the Party-State,
Supreme Person Responsible for the Revolution

Article 44. Supreme authority in the party-state is assumed by the President
of the Republic, Secretary General of the Party-State, Supreme Person Respon-
sible for the Revolution.

Article 45. He is elected by direct and secret universal suffrage by an
absolute majority of registered voters.

Article 46. He is elected for 7 years. He may be reelected. To be eligible
to be president of the republic, one must be of Guinean nationality and posses

all civil and political rights.

Article 47. The Constitutional Council watches over the regularity of the
election of the president of the republic.

The composition, the powers and the rules of operation of the Constitutional
Council are fixed by law.

27



SOUTH AFRICA

SOUTH AFRICA'S FUTURE DISCUSSED
Paris POLITIQUE ETRANGERE in French No 2, Jan 82 pp 429-440

[Article by Klaus Baron von der Ropp, legal expert: "The Future of South
Africa"]

First Signs of Civil War

[Text] In early 1982, Willem de Klerk, an influential Afrikans journalist
and prominent member of the NP [National Party of South Africa], the
governing party, quoted in his weekly newspaper RAPPORT the remarks of

an "enlightened" or reformist NP deputy: "If fundamental changes do not
occur rapidly, before the end of this decade white and black extremists
will be negotiating the surrender of white South Africa."1 For the

first time no doubt, an Afrikaner newspaper predicted the danger which
the English-language press has been forecasting for the past few years;
English speaking critics of apartheid have often spoken out aggressively
and bitterly.

Several warning voices were previously heard among the Afrikaners. In
January 1981, Ton Vosloo, editor in chief of BEELD, another progovernment
newspaper, suggested that the government initiate dialogue on the future
of the Republic of South Africa with the ANC [African National Congress],
probably the most powerful liberation movement in black South Africa.

As early as March 1980, influenced by the electoral victory of Robert G.
Mugabe's nationalist party in Zimbabwe, the daily newspapers close to
power advised white leaders to discuss South African domestic problems
with true representatives of the Blacks.

These commentaries were important at the time--for the first time,
supporters of P.W. Botha's government recognized that the authentic
representatives of black South Africans were not the puppet leaders installed
to govern the Bantus tans, but the nationalist movements--the ANC,

INKATHA, the PAC [Pan Africanist Congress] and its extensions, the

BCM [Black Consciousness Movement] and AZAPO [Azanian People's

Organization].

64


I can sincerely say that since that date I have not used any taxi as a useful
and speedy means of covering distance, one which should be available to any
citizen without regard to who he is (I mean to say without discrimination
based on sex, age or beauty!).

Nowadays it is a rare occasion when we see a tourist taxi moving along our
streets. If memory serves, the last time I saw one of these rare "phenomena"
was in front of a school just 3 months ago, and it was after 6 pm.

I would like to know what happened to the station wagon type of vehicle which
was in use in the city as taxis about 3 years ago.

I would also like to know how many taxis (ETL tourist types) are available to
the public every day.

If I were told that there are still several dozen of these units on wheels in
circulation, I would be puzzled and I would ask who they really serve, or
whether they have now been in fact converted into private vehicles.

If I were told that the taxis traveling about the city are driven by individ-
uals whose sole purpose is to better serve the public in terms of transpor-
tation, I would not believe it, or I would at least reserve belief in such
motives to a few individuals, rare in this regard.

If I were told that the taxis travel only on the outskirts of the city,
transporting the relatives, friends, cohorts, "kambas" and their goods
affiliated with the strategic and schematic interests of the drivers, this
indeed I could more readily believe.

If I were told that more than 60 percent of the automobiles imported for use
in our country as taxis are now out of service, at offices or junkyards, I
would believe this, and I would have to believe that, beyond the irresponsi-
bility of the drivers, there has also been negligence on the part of the
officials who have been unable to implement the guidelines handed down from
higher up calling for steps to be taken to improve taxi service, by stepping
up supervision of these efforts and guaranteeing an increase in the level of
concern for and service to the population.

The truth is that the state-owned taxis have vanished or are on the verge of
disappearance, while the private vehicles are operating secretly, with their
drivers exacting arbitrary and speculative charges for the transportation of
individuals and goods, and yet nothing is being done to put an end to this
illicit activity.

5157
csO: 4742/378



I cannot say at this time that we will definitely work, investigate, the
other minerals, for the good reason that we do not have the necessary
resources to get involved, but logic would indicate that our directorate
should be given adequate resources to prepare for a replacement if the
diamond reserves one day become exhausted. Prospecting in the country must
continue, concentrating on the other mineral resources. Preferably, some

of our own national technical bodies should be preparing studies to go along
with the foreign investment planning. By contrast, we often wait for the
mining companies from outside to make the entire financial contribution and
exploration effort, because we do not have the technical means; it would be
useful to start working in this direction.

As for the "Bangue magnetic anomaly," in the interest of historical accuracy,
we should point out that it was discovered in 1960 by ORSTOM [Overseas
Scientific and Technical Research Office] in Bangui and confirmed by the
American Cargo satellite in 1975. As for interpretation of the anomaly, its
existence clearly supports what I have said, including the need for technical
resources to investigate what minerals are producing this magnetic anomaly.

9920
cso: 4719/1256

18



‘LL company wnien

[country tn

Country oF Month Country or | Principat reason(s) it 4s considered
apparently ovmeg [ynicn ott | region from | the snip — | region co Sither chee the ship ts one of the
the ship's presumed | company |vtich ene ship | cated at | voicn one Spost lively to have delivered crude
gil cargo: ang [ae based | apporentty — [south ateies fanip 24] to South Afeice (these cases ore
O11 company's jailed to gn capital lecters), of that the shi
Link vith the South Africe lsoutn africa | *powstbly” made such a delivery (these
snip itecit cases are in spall Letters
v
sueue!! wermen: arabian cuit | January ‘80 | oman Satled to South Africa from an ot}-exporting
TEenefictal owner) | “LANOS] area; thea Immediately returned to the same
etre Ollsexporting ares.
Kawcbom
seue! werwen- | Arapian uit | February °0 | united aad | Saited to South Africa from an oll-exporting
TBeneticter owner) | “EANOS7 ‘Paleates reay then immediately feturard to the same
Gurred Olivexporting area.
unaniown company — | uwxNown Sune 8s Bahrain Sailed to South Africa from an ofl-exporting
area; then immediately returned to the sane
Otl-exporcing area.
uwenow couraey — | yromvowy | arabian curt | september ‘80| Saudi Arabia | Sailed to South Africa from an of}-exporting
voyage cherter) area, while under charter by an unidentified
Company to carry 220,000 tons of crude oi!)
then immediately returned to the same o1}-
exporting area.
venom company — | uuxwovm | Arabian Gulf | Aprit "Bi | P. R. Germany| Salled to South Africa from an of }-export ing
area Alter apparently discharging ics carge
in Soutn Africa, the sbip went to the
sistance of an incapacitated tanker and took
tte cargo to Europe.
a werier- | Netherlands Wovenber +80 | Bahrain on departure from Europe, carried a cargo of
THOS ‘Over 250,000 tors of crude oil. Next pore was
Spperentiy in South Africa; after that, went
fovan ollsexporting eres
gumncin company [ uwmown [Arabian Gulf | June “81 France Salled to South Attica from an otl-exporting
Breas any cargo must have been discharges in
South Africa, for the ship then losded cos]
for Europe.
Arabian cuit | sune a1 Greece Satled from the Far East and made a conside-

Fable detour via an oll-exporting area to
South Africa: then to the mediterranean. The
logical route, if this. ship vas not deiive=
Eing crude oti to South Aries, would nove
been either direct from the Far East to

South Africa, of dsrect {roa the oilvexportins
rea to the nediterranean via the Sue! Canal
(See aap.)

82



Some former senior ministers have been approached by certain individuals for

possible advice or for support of their ranks. "Where this pressure cooker,

which has been bubbling for some time, is concerned, it is the final decision
of Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam as to his political future which will determine

whether it blows up or cools down so that more ingredients can be added," is

the word being circulated in the circles involved.

5157
cso: 4719/1292

55



iis sane wap | coun ‘counts courins
type |ynose fag sn_vpich wets
ene snip managing azparent beneficial) apparent
uted congens penefuetel
the ship gener of
1s beses the she
ta based
enren traenra — [wares surpmwacemere| wove tone arte
STRTES oF
ienicn
eee on vomay omar wonway
ee ake
ace ont womuny wommny omway
cues ery. - ScULUSSEL netDeRED urns
BSTELLEs
em Sowlecee necoener Jee Pa
Feria
waren 240,259 wonway yomwny
wae ou vomany sonway nosey
ween on Nonway Norway Nomar
weet pn vormar Nomuay womay
mune sonar nomay womuay
Erlend sory NORWAY wouny
wauects womay vonay oma
aes NORWAY sonway
TAREE saensy ne oewane Dewan ema
weuessanos
‘NgoOm
tactrus on Nether tangs Netner- Netnerianés/
tanker Tangs? mnt’
United Xinggom
Kingdon

‘This chart gives details of ships which are suspected as having unloaded oll ar South African ports

BARE LAGS OBE



"Please also note that a successful trained manpower develops into a
happy, motivated personnel fully competent in their jobs. When a person
knows that he is being offered equal opportunity in an enlightened personnel
policy, then there is no need to get him to do his best by means of threats
or pressures. Like my predecessor I am not going to place any artificial
limitations to the development of any member of the personnel. But inthe
same breath I also want to make it clear that ARMSCOR does not owe a

career to anybody."

"The philosophy is clear. To give a simple example: A project manager
will not have an automatic laim to an official car simply on the basis
of his years of service; first of all he will have to prove that he has
erned this privilege. He also will have to give evidence that he is a
worthy team member of the 10th biggest armaments manufacturer in the world."

"I am also a believer in the healthy principle of interchangeability,
namely, mobility within the group. Thus, I am an advocate of the coopera-
tive personnel system and it is better for people to know this right

from the start. Naturally such a system implies horizontal priority

in the group. I do not want to say too much more about this."

There is also hard work ahead for ARMSCOR's people. But it will be gratify-
ing work, because qualification comes through hard work.

Three Persons

Hard work? As in his previous position (senior chief administrator,
external production) and also throughout his entire career which followed
his studies at Witwatersrand in 1948, where he received his BS degreein
engineering (heavy current field), hard work was the mark of this boy
born in the Voortrekker nursery of Winburg in the Orange Free State.

I think it was John Steinbeck who once (surely in a simplistic manner)
noted that a newspaperman should never conduct an interview with his
"victim" for the purpose of presenting a reasonable profile. According
to Steinbeck all you might do is to conduct an interview with three persons
who know the person under fire pretty well. Then you would likely get

a sort of cross pollination from which you could draw a meaningful result,
almost in the same manner that men of old used to derive "potions" from

a concoction of herbs.

According to the Steinbeck method, Mr Bell is then several persons all
pound into one. His secretary, Mrs Leonie Smith, with her delicate under-
standing eyes, says that her boss (still as chief administrator for external
production) is a perfectionist and an unbelievably hard worker (already

at his office by 7:30 and often probably still at work in his home until
2:00 am). He is also a "difficult person" when "tomorrow's work is not
already done by yesterday." But he is still a fair person with whom

you simply must run a straightforward path. "If he ever finds out that

you have misled him it becomes extremely difficult to win back his con-
fidence."

85



Five political parties dominate Nigerian politics: the National Party (NPN)
headed by President Alhaji Shehu Shagari, the Unity Party (UPN) led by Chief
Obafemi Awolowo, the Nigeria Peoples Party (NPP) led by Chief Azikiwe, the
Great Nigeria Peoples Party (GNPP) led by Alhaji Waziri Ibrahim and the Peo—
ple's Redemption Party (PRP) led by Malam Aminu Kano.

A new contender, the Nigeria Advance Party (NAP), led by Lagos-based lawyer
Tunji Braithwaite, was registered by FEDECO about two months ago. Four of the
main political groups--the UPN, NPP, GNPP and PRP--are now trying to come to-
gether as "progressives" to form an alliance known as Progressive Parties
Alliance (PPA). (A.F.P.)

cso: 4700/1809

62


KENYA

ETHIOPIA ASKED TO INDEMNIFY KENYAN DEATHS
Paris AFRICA AFP in English 24 Aug 82 p 14

[Text] Nairobi, August 23--Ethiopia has been asked to adequately compensate
for 29 nomadic Kenyans killed earlier this month when armed Ethiopian militia
raided a manyatta (nomad) camp in Kenyan territory, the DAILY NATION newspaper
reported today.

The paper quoted Sheikh Mohamed Kher, Chairman of the Town Council of Mandera,
in the far north-east of Kenya near the border with Somalia and Ethiopia
where the incident occurred, as saying that more than 30 people were killed,
Kenyan officials put the death toll at 29.

Mr. Kher said Ethiopia should be asked to pay for the dead and the wounded
and also return the animals and property stolen at the same time. A Kenyan
radio report said the raiders had made off with 150 camels and 50 head of
cattle.

The Kenyan Foreign Ministry sent a strong protest to Ethiopia over the inci-
dent and Kenyaradio later quoted the Ministry as saying that Ethiopia had
promised to restore the stolen animals.

Forces from Ethiopia have for the last several weeks been fighting the Somali
Government Army inside Somalia, and the fighting has on at least one occasion
spilled over into Kenya.

Cattle rustling in the region is traditional but no raid has ever resulted in
so many deaths, and it was the first time in recent years that Ethiopian

troops has been implicated in such an incident.

Relations between Addis Ababa and Nairobi are cordial and the two countries
have a defence pact.

CSO: 4700/1896

35



24,

25.

9479
cso:

See Craig Charney, "The Anatomy of South African Trade Unionism,"
The Star, Johannesburg, 27 January 1981, pp 24-25.

"Indian People: Current Trends and Politics," pp 13-32 (30), in
South African Minorities, Johannesburg, 1971.

4719/1282

75



MALAWI

MARKETABILITY OF MACADAMIA NUTS, PEANUTS, CASHEWS ANALYZED

Blantrye THIS IS MALAWI in English No 8, Aug 82 p 15

[Text]

Importers of Malawi nuts
prefer to have them raw and
control the quality themselves, a
United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) funded
survey for Malawi Export Promo-
tion Council shows.

A draft final report of selected
European markets for processed
groundnuts, nut butter, macada-
mia and cashew nuts indicates
that prejudice among consumers
spoiled starter markets.

The survey was carried by Mr.
J. Coulter of the London-based
Tropical Products Institute on
behalf of the Malawi Export
Promotion Council (MEPC).

Presenting his report on June
10, Mr. Coulter told a meeting of
representatives of Naming’omba
Tea Estates Limited, growers,
processors and packers of maca-
damia nuts; Sales Service
Limited, manufacturers of roast
salted groundnuts and ground-
nut butter; Agricultural Develop-
ment and Marketing Corporation
(ADMARC), growers of ground-
nuts as well as macadamia nuts;
and other export establishments
that might benefit from the survey
that he visited West Germany,
Switzerland, France, the Nether-
lands and the United Kingdom for
the survey.

He reported that in these
countries he talked to various

36

major buyers of these products,
using telephone interviews and
collected samples from the
markets for comparison with
those in Malawi.

The percentage of holes in
Malawi Macadamia nuts was
lesser than those from other
countries and the packaging by
the producers was “highly
professional”, he said.

“importers initial assessment
of Malawi's ready packed
macadamia was favourable
several firms showed interest in
the product,” he added.

In order to establish a strong
hold of the macadamia market
and meet the competetion on the
European market, the consultant
advised producers to evaluate
price, transportation and the
avaitability of the product.

“Malawi should also consider
in-store promotions where
tasting by the public to familiarise
them with the product should
take a prominent part,” Mr.
Coulter said.

Malawi production of the maca-
damia crop -- now at 50 tonnes
and expected to reach 200
tonnes in four years time —is very
low compared to the State of
Hawaii, United States of America,
producing 83 per cent of the
world’s 4,500 tonnes in 1980.

The country faced difficulties in



MAURITIUS

FORMER FINANCE MINISTER COMMENTS ON NEW BUDGET
Port Louis ADVANCE in French 6 Aug 82 pp 1,4

[Text] "The MMM, which promised the Mauritian people to work miracles, is
today backing out of the commitments it made during the electoral campaign,
using as its pretext a document evaluating the economic situation of the
country."

This statement was made to us by the former minister of finance, Sir
Veerasamy Ringadoo. He added that the MMM, which repeatedly criticized the
financial situation of the country when it was in the opposition, knew what
the situation was in this regard, particularly since the outgoing government
had always told the people that the situation was difficult. He cited as
examples his own press conference and the document entitled "Our Economic
Recovery" published during the electoral campaign.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo stressed that this document gave precise information
about the sums obtained from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank and other financial institutions, and it showed in what sectors this
money was used--housing, water supply, roads, bridges and streets, hydro-
electric projects, the bulk sugar terminal, etc. This document also assessed
the difficulties the country had experienced following the hurricanes and the
drought since 1979, and referred to the loss of 1.2 billion rupees in foreign
exchange and the reconstruction work following Hurricane Gervaise. Sir
Veerasamy Ringadoo said that this document also reported on the difficulties
the country had encountered after the 1979 devaluation, and it gave precise
details on the financial situation between 1976 and 1972--details which were
repeated over the radio and television and in the press. Sir Veerasamy
Ringadoo said that when Mr Berenger says now that he was not aware of this
situation, he is not telling the whole truth.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo also said that he understands Mr Berenger's statement
on page 2 of his speech, where he said: "If we do not find the foreign
exchange from these sources (IMF, World Bank, friendly countries and commer-
cial banks) to meet the deficit in a matter of months, we will no longer be
able to pay for imports of petrol and oil, food, raw materials and other
goods. In that event imports would halt until we receive the foreign
exchange for our sugar exports.'' He found himself in a similar situation in
1979-80, and it was in order to avoid a situation like that experienced by
Madagascar and Tanzania, which had refused IMF aid, that he had to turn to

51



Article 18. Work is a sacred duty and an honor for the citizen.

Article 19. The citizen has a right to work and an obligation to work accord-
ing to his ability. He is remunerated according to the quantity and quality
of his work. He must rigorously observe work discipline and working hours.

Article 20. The citizen has a right to medical care and social insurance.

Handicapped persons or those who have lost the ability to work through illness
or invalidism and old persons have a right to assistance.

Article 21. Women in the Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea enjoy
equal rights with men in all spheres of political, economic, cultural and
social life.

Real estate owned by a family, even though title of ownership is in the name
of the head of the family, cannot be transferred without the preliminary
approval of the adult members of the family.

The right of inheritance is acknowledged for all wives and children of
citizens,

Heirs are equal with respect to rights and obligations.

Article 22, Marriage and families are encouraged and protected by the party-
state.

Article 23. The human person is sacred. The party-state has an obligation
to protect it and to make it respected.

Each citizen has the right to the free development of his personality within
the bounds of respect for democratic and social order.

Article 24. The citizen has a right to free education. Education is
compulsory.

Article 25. All citizens have the right to file a complaint with the tribunals
of the party-state against any government organ or against any person from
whom he has suffered injury.

Article 26. All natural wealth of the country is the property of the people.

Article 27. The citizen must handle with care and respect collective property,
oppose any act of misappropriationor waste and be constantly on the alert
to safeguard and develop the people's interest.

Article 28. For the management of collective property, the party-state
creates enterprises, companies and services that pursue their activities in
accordance with the people's interest and the goals of the national development
plan.

24



MAURITIUS

FACTIONS WITHIN LABOR PARTY DISAGREE ON FUTURE PLANS
Port Louis L'EXPRESS in French 8 Aug 82 p 6

[Text] Various factions are currently developing within the Labor Party
(PT), whose leader, Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam, is in London in temporary
seclusion.

In fact, he is taking advantage of his stay in London to study a memorandum
sent to him by three former parliamentarians about a labor movement renewal.

Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam indicated his intention of abandoning active
political life shortly before his departure for London. In this connection,
he designated Mr Kailash Purryag as the future leader of the Labor Party.
This choice, although it was not announced officially, caused a certain
turbulence in the ranks of the PT.

On the last occasion, the PT was unable to meet for lack of a quorum, since
certain of its members were "also in temporary seclusion." Some of them have
even gone so far as to contemplate the establishment of new political
parties. There was first of all the Mauritian Radical Party (PRM), including
former members of the Labor Party, the National Liberation Front and aspiring
politicians from various sectors of the economy. The members of this party,
who said that they had learned the lesson of 11 June, are currently working
on the establishment of this political party and on a government program.

Another political party which has emerged from the labor ranks is in the
process of being established. It is the National Congress Party (PNC), which
is said to include young individuals who emerged with a good image from the
bitter 11 June defeat. This party, which is still operating on a clandestine
basis, will declare itself officially in the near future. It is possible
that the members of the PNC are awaiting the return of their former leader
before making any decision. This party took shape "because it is unwilling
to work with the same structures as led the Labor Party to catastrophe." The
steps undertaken by certain individuals just after the electoral defeat
"irritated" the young laborites. Those who want to take advantage of the
Labor Party's being established for 40 years, but who want to oust certain
leaders, are working outside the party, and are trying to rally all of the
effective labor forces.

54



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

POSSIBLE REGISTRATION BREAKDOWN--The revision of voters' register scheduled to
take-off all over the federation as from tomorrow may not see the light in some
states. This is because reports reaching the SUNDAY TRIUMPH from various
offices of FEDECO in the federation indicate that the publicity campaigns
launched by the Commission recently had not been effective enough. [Text]
[Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 15 Aug 82 p 1]

OIL FOUND IN BORNO--Six probable locations of petroleum deposits have been
discovered in the North Eastern part of Borno State. Although the locations
were not indicated, the General Manager of the Nigerian National Petroleum
Corporation in charge of exploration division, Mr G.A. Adams, said investiga~
tions to determine the availability of oil products started six years ago in the
area. Mr Adams was exchanging views with Governor Mohammed Goni at the Borno
State Government House recently. It will be recalled that the NNPC has for
sometime been carrying out oil exploration activities in some parts of Borno
State notably around the Chad Basin Area. Although the recent discovery has
not been officially confirmed by the NNPC or the Federal Government. [Text]
[Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 15 Aug 82 p 12]

MORE RICE PRODUCTION URGED--The Commissioner for Agriculture, Chief Nweke
Anyigor, has called on the management of ADARICE Company to expedite action for
more production of rice at Okpuitumo rice project in Ndulu, Ikwo local govern-
ment area. Speaking at a rally at Okpuitumo, Commissioner Anyigor urged farm-
ers applying for agricultural loans to do so before the planting season to en-
able his ministry to finish the processing of applications in time. On devel-
opment projects in the area, Chief Anyigor commended the community for
embarking on a health centre and a levy of N10.00 on each adult for the build-
ing of a new college. He pointed out that such gesture would go a long way in
complimenting the state government's even development programmes. The commis—
sioner warned NPN agents in the area to desist from deceiving the people with
false promises. He called on the people to maintain their unalloyed support
for the NPP and Governor Jim Nwobodo's government. He appealed to NPP women
and youth wings in the area to generate more awareness and educate the people
on progressive activities of NPP to help the masses. [Text] [Enugu DAILY
STAR in English 11 Aug 82 p 3]

cso: 4700/1810

63



Briefs

MMM To Elect Executives In July 59
Lutchmeenaraidoo Promises To Support The Government 59
MOZAMBIQUE
Briefs
Likely Portuguese Military Attache 60
Party, Youth Cadres To USSR 60
NIGERIA
Registration For Elections To Continue 2 Weeks
(AFRICA AFP, 20 Aug 82) ...eeeeeecece cee eeeeeee eee eeeneeees 61
Briefs
Possible Registration Breakdown 63
Oil Found In Borno 63
More Rice Production Urged 63

SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa's Future Discussed
(Klaus Baron von der Roppl POLITIQUE ETRANGERE, Jan 82)... 64

Sources Of Oil Flow Reported
(Anna Helal; ARAB OIL, Aug 82) ....ssecseecceeeceeuceeeees 76

Biographic Sketch Of New ARMSCOR Chief, A Progress Report
(PARATUS, Jul 82) ....cccccec cece cece eee e eee e eee ee eeeeeees 84

New Chief
ARMSCOR Progress Report

UGANDA

Briefs
Fewer Refugees To Sudan OL



MAURITIUS

GOBURHUN OPPOSES MMM
Port Louis NATION in French 16 Jun 92 p 1

[Text] Jugdish Goburdhun at war with the MMM. He defends
some of his deputy friends.

An opposition has been forming within the MMM since the
ministerial posts were allocated. One of the first deputies
to come out against the leadership was Mr Jugdish Goburdhun,
first deputy from Montagne Blanche/Grande Riviere Sud Est
and president of the Mauritius Planters Association.

In a press release yesterday Mr Goburdhun stated that the principle of
meritocracy has not been respected since some good candidates were not chosen.
He cited the names of Mr Sylvio Michel, deputy from Port Louis Nord/Montagne
Longue, Madun Duloo and Dharmanand Fokeer, deputies from Grand Baie/Poudre
d'or, Anil Gayan, deputy from Curepipo/Midlands, and L. Ramsewak, deputy

from Mahebourg.

Mr Goburdhun emphasized the fact that Mr Sylvio Michel, Mr Madun Duloo and
Mr Fokeer and Mr Ramsewak have served the party for a long time, while Mr
Gayan resigned as Senior Crown Counsel to become a candidate for the MMM.

Mr Goburdhun discussed the question with M.A. Jugnauth yesterday morning

in the presence of Mr Ramdath Jadoo, but no change was made in the ministerial
list. While he pointed out that he had no intention of becoming a minister
himself, (he would refuse a portfolio if the leadership of the MMM were to
offer him one), Mr Goburdhun stated that he would lead a fitht in Parliament
to have the fundamental principles of the MMM and of meritocracy respected.

The MMM deputy has, moreover, stated that he and other deputies learned of
the allocation of the portfolios from the press and that they should have

been informed in advance.

Finally, Mr Goburdhun pointed out that certain electoral districts had three
ministers and others did not have any.

8956
csO: 4719/1138

43



because of certain problems developing within the party. The leadership
decided at that time to postpone the delegates' meeting, while at the same
time granting two small groups--the National Anti-Somaz Front and Lalit
Travayer a period in which to alter their policy.

At the same time, the government was faced with street demonstrations organ-
ized to protest the nomination of the "best losers." These demonstrations
were organized by individuals close to the MMM, and some say were likely to
put the MMM leadership in an embarrassing position in the eyes of the base-
level membership.

Berenger Leads
Port Louis L'EXPRESS In French 9 Aug 82 pp 1,7

[Text] The 268 branches of the MMM with the right to vote elected 15 members
to the Central Committee of the party yesterday. Mr Paul Berenger, secretary
general of the MMM, was the big winner, with 160 out of the 202 valid votes
counted, followed immediately by Messrs Abdool Kader Ahmed Bhayat (137
votes), Aneerood Jugnauth (131), F. Soopramanien (120), and Ramduthsing
Jaddoo (110).

Six outgoing members of the political bureau were reelected. They are Messrs
Berenger, Bhayat, Jugnauth, Jaddoo, S. P. Naiken and Baligadoo. Minister
Premdut Koonjoo and deputies Mathieu Lacle and D. Rothoo were not reelected.

There were 55 candidates competing yesterday.

Below is the list of the 15 members elected to the Central Committee:

Elected No. of votes
1. Paul Berenger 160
2. K. Bhayat 137
3. A. Jugnauth 131
4. F. Soopramanien 120
5. R. Jaddoo 110
6. V. Jhurry 109
7. R. Virahsawmy 93
8. S. P. Naiken 92
9. G. Hazary 91
10. R. Seereekissoon 87
11. N. Fortuno 84
12. R. Elahee 75
13. V. Arian 71
14. M. Flore 67
15. K. Baligadoo 63

It will be noted, moreover, that six outgoing members of the Central Commit-
tee were not reelected. They were Messrs R. Badin, R. Gokool, D. Mundil, A.
Bhundoo (UBIW [Union of Bus Industry Workers] leader), G. Pillay (PLHDWU

41



most Whites when he said: "I understand better than most people the

reality of white power. I know better than most the determination of
the Whites to scorch the earth at the 11th hour and die defending an

indefensible situation."

Moreover, the traditional racism of the Whites, / their braggart
(kragdadigheid) mentality, ideological blindness and religious belief
in the righteousness of their policy of separate development cause them
to minimize the discontent and subversive spirit of the Blacks and
consequently, overestimate their own ability to suppress the liberation
movement.

Confronted with this extreme polarization of attitudes and the danger of
the destruction of South Africa and neighboring countries, we may fear,
as Egon Bahr, a German social democrat, said that the problems of

South Africa could (because of the strategic and economic importance

of this country) lead to a global conflict® and wonder if it is still
possible to avoid, or at least limit this threat of war. This is all

the more worrisome because according to Jack E. Spence, an expert in
strategic matters, Pretoria might resort to nuclear weapons to prevent
the annihilation of Afrikanerdom.? We must share Gatsha Buthelezi's view
when in 1978 at the Road Ahead Conference in Grahamstown, he said:
“Constitutional developments in southern Africa will be the byproducts of
cannon balls and violence."

To respond to these dramatic statements, we must analyze recent events in
white South Africa and more particularly within the NP.

Changes in the Political Attitude of White South Africans

From its inception, the NP has been, above all, the party of Afrikaners,
considered a kind of popular movement (volksbeweging) of their people
(volk) of Dutch-French-German backgrounds. Since its accession to
power in 1948, the NP has propagated and institutionalized apartheid,
in other words, the policy of separate development for Blacks and,

what is less well-known, of parallel development for the Colored

(10 percent of the population) and the Indians (3 percent), the two
groups together making up what is usually designated by the term Browns,

The Decline of the English-speaking Political Culture

Although English-speaking South Africans have long fought honestly against
apartheid and called for "equal rights for all civilized peoples," in
other words, a policy of progressive integration of the Blacks and

Browns in a white society, now in 1982 most of them no longer protest
against the policy of segregation.

66



Worsening Supply Network
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 4 Aug 8 p 3
[Article by Paulo Marcos]

[Text] The activity of the provincial office of the Ministry of Home Trade in
Kuango~Kubango Province is currently inadequate with respect to supplying the
local populations and transporting certain farm products, as a consequence of
the reduction in supplies from the central entities, the poor performance of
its various departments, and the war situation that exists in that border
region of the nation.

This information was supplied recently to our team of reporters by Agostinho
Diogo, provincial commissioner of that ministry.

This province--just as the other regions of the nation--is in fact supplied
with products most of which are imported in accordance with the national plan,
but these products do not arrive intact at their destinations because of the
diversion and theft they suffer en route. This circumstance is due in large
part to the fact that the aforementioned office does not have at its disposal
vehicles that are appropriate for the transport of the goods supplied to it
by the central entities.

The transport of these goods--which usually do not get any farther than Cuchi
Municipality because of a variety of difficulties--is dependent on 20 vehicles
belonging to the provincial office of the Ministry of Transport, which from
time to time rents them to the provincial office of the Ministry of Home
Trade.

On the other hand, the commissioner of the Ministry of Home Trade in Kuando-
Kubango Province disclosed that the province formerly received supplies twice
a month. Although this was not sufficient to meet the needs of the population
fully, the food shortages were not felt as keenly as they are today.

It should be noted that the rate of supply has been reduced to only once a
month~-a rate that is quite insufficient in view of the fact that the produc-
tion of consumer goods in the province has only just entered its initial
phase.

On the other hand, the presence of a large number of our fellow countrymen who
are daily returning from the forests is making the situation even worse and
impedes not only the operation of the provincial office but also the work of
the other party and government organs that are involved in the effort to solve
this problem and other problems that are inherent in the tasks of national
reconstruction and require continuing and effective support.

Approximately 16 stores are in operation in the province as a whole. Then of
these are in the capital city, including six food stores, three general stores
and one store for the sale of manufactured goods. The remaining stores are
seattered among the various municipalities.

11



The Labor Party (PT), for its part, Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo told us, will in
its policy refrain from embarrassing the new government in the work it would
like to accomplish, because of the will expressed by the Mauritian people

in voting massively for the MMM. He added that while not sparing its
criticism where it is merited, the PT will adopt a neutral attitude, watching
the situation closely, without, however, hindering the government in its
work.

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo told us the following: "We belong to a serious party
and we do not plan to conduct ourselves, even while we are out of the parlia-
ment, in the way in which the MMM conducted itself in relation to the
outgoing government, because we are above all real patriots."

Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo told us that he has challenged his successor "to

produce an international document stating in black and white that our
financial management was bad."

5157
cso: 4719/1293

53



MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

MMM TO ELECT EXECUTIVES IN JULY--An assembly of MMM delegates was scheduled
for Sunday, 4 July for the purpose of reorganizing the party's central
committee. The reorganization will be necessary because some of the
present central committee members will be called upon to assume ministerial
responsibilities in the near future. Aneerood Jugnauth and Paul Berenger
will resign as chairman and secretary general of the party and other
members will be named to succeed them. Nominations for the elections to
the central committee will be received by the secretary general until
Friday 25 June. The MMM central committee will meet on Saturday the 26th.
Some 35 members will be named to take seats on the central committee.

Of these, 15 members will be elected at the national level and 20 others
will be elected on the regional level. The decision to reorganize the
central committee was made at a meeting of the political bureau yesterday.
[Text] [Port Louis LE NOUVEAU MILITANT in French 14 Jun 82 p 1] 8956

LUTCHMEENARAIDOO PROMISES TO SUPPORT THE GOVERNMENT--Because his absence
from the governmental team could give rise to various interpretations,
particularly since the possibility of naming him a ministerial post was
announced recently, we asked Mr Vishnu Lutchmeenaraidoo, second deputy of
the Riviere des Anguilles/Souillac district, for a statement. Here it is:
"T was to be minister of the Plan and Development Ministry in the new
government. But that ministry was given to the PSM during negotiations to
create the MMM/PSM Alliance. When the new government was formed, 3 days
ago, the PSM, having its own internal constraints, was not able to give
the ministry in question to the MMM. The MMM/PSM Alliance made formal
commitments to the people and the priority remains economic recovery and
the creation of jobs. In this context of solidarity with the governmental
team, I decided therefore that whether or not I am a minister, I will help
the finance minister, Mr Paul Berenger, with the heavy burden he has been
given." [Text] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 16 Jun 92 p 1] 8956

cso: 4719/1138

59



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

BENGUELA MANPOWER STATISTICS--The employed labor force in Benguela Province
has been appraised at 85,150 persons, ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency | has learned
from a source close to the provincial office of the Ministry of Labor and
Social Security. This labor force is distributed among 1,435 production
centers scattered throughout the province and is concentrated mainly in the
manufacturing sector. According to this source there are 9,527 vacancies as
against 11,530 requests for employment in various sectors of activity which do
not correspond to the principal requirements at the present time in the prov-
ince. It should however be recalled that at the conclusion of the work of the
fifth session of the Provincial People's Assembly a resolution was approved
that instructed the Committee on Planning, Finance, Labor and Social Security
to conduct an in-depth study of the problem of the lack of activity in the
centers of production--a situation which is overburdening the general budget
of the nation. The study is to be presented at the coming session of the
assembly and will contain significant data concerning economic and financial
aspects as well as human and material resources. [Text] [Iuanda JORNAL DE
ANGOLA in Portuguese 6 Aug 8& p 1] 10992

FACILITIES FOR ZAIRIAN REFUGTES--A delegation representing the Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees--headed by its representative in
Angola, Neusa de Carvalho e Costa~-last Monday visited the camp for Zairian
refugees situated near Maua in Lukala Municipality, Kwanza-Norte Province.

The purpose of the visit was to learn of the socioeconomic problems of the
rural areas and study the possibility of increasing the assistance to the
refugees of that nationality, inasmuch as the Office of the U.N. High Commis-
sioner plans to enlarge this camp with a view to sheltering approximately
3,000 Zairian refugees, who currently total 235. During its meeting with the
refugees, the visiting delegation took up (among other matters) the problems
relating to the construction of more adequate housing, the electrification of
the rural areas, and the irrigation of the 7 hectares of land that are de-
voted to the growing of various agricultural products. The delegation included
the national director of social affairs, Fernanda Mateus, and the Kwanza-Norte
provincial commissioners of the Ministry of Health and the Secretariat of State
for Social Affairs. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 11 Aug 82
p27] 10992

13



GUINEA

Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea's Second Constitution
(DEUXIEME CONSTITUTION DE LA REPUBLIQUE POPULAIRE

REVOLUTIONAIRE DE GUINEE, 23-29 May 82) ..... seca eeeeeee
KENYA
Ethiopia Asked To Indemnify Kenyan Deaths
(AFRICA AFP, 24 Aug 82) ...cecececcccccccceeccceeceetceees
MALAWI
Marketability Of Macadamia Nuts, Peanuts, Cashews Analyzed
(THIS IS MALAWI, Aug 82) ........e.000e Seca ee ee ee erereee .
Banana Growers' Cooperative Aids Farmers
(THIS IS MALAWI, Aug 82) ......c cece cee eeeeeees eee ee eeee
MAURITIUS

Election Of Mauritian Militant Movement Central Committee Reported
(L'EXPRESS, 8, 9 Aug 82) ....csceceee cece cece eceececeeceee

Sixty-Four Candidates Compete
Berenger Leads

Goburhun Opposes MMM
(NATION, 16 Jun 82) .... cece eee c cece cece es ee eee eeeee see

Mauritian Revolutionary Group Leaders Explain Goals
(Vijayen Valaydon, et. al., Interview; LE NOUVEAU MILITANT,
23 Jul-1 Aug, 8-15 Aug 82) ..... cece cece cece cece teen eens

Plans For Cooperation With Madagascar Discussed
(LE MAURICIEN, 7 Aug 82) ...ceccececec ec ec cece et eceeeeeeee

National Anti-Somaz Front Analyzes New Budget
(LE NOUVEAU MILITANT, 7-15 Aug 82) ........... eee cece nee

Former Finance Minister Comments On New Budget
(ADVANCE, 6 Aug 82) .......... rar beeen ewes

Factions Within Labor Party Disagree On Future Plans
(L'EXPRESS, 8 Aug 82) ...seccceecceeeceeeceeeecees seeeeeee

Government To Establish A National Council For Scientific Research
(LE MAURICIEN, 10 Aug 82)

Former Minister Reportedly Flees Investigation
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 27 Aug 82)

-b-

20

35

36

38

40

43

4h

AT

49

51

54

56

58



Title 11
On International Relations

Article 90. Peace treaties, commercial treaties, treaties relating to
international organizations, treaties, agreements and conventions that
obligate state finances, affect laws and regulations of a legislative nature,
relate to personal status or provide for the cession, exchange or acquisition
of territory, can only be ratified by virtue of a law. They take effect only
after having been properly ratified and on condition that they are observed
by the other party.

Title 12
On Amendment of the Constitution

Article 91. Initiation of constitutional amendments is a matter for the
President of the Republic, Supreme Person Responsible for the Revolution.

The National Congress or the Supreme Constitutional Assembly, by a vote of a
majority consisting of two-thirds of its members, can adopt or submit to refer-

endum constitutional amendment proposals.

The republican form of the state cannot be compromised by any constitutional
amendment .

Title 13
On Temporary Regulations
Article 92. Legislation and regulations in effect in the Revolutionary
People's Republic of Guinea remain in force to the extent that they have not
been modified by the provisions of the present constitution, unless they

impair the interests, the sovereignty or the independence of Guinea.

Article 93. The present law is adopted as the constitution of the Revolutionary
People's Republic of Guinea.

Conakry, 14 May 1982

9827
cso: 8118/1437

34



SOURCES OF OIL FLOW REPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Kuwait ARAB OIL in English No 8, Aug 82 pp 8-15

[Article by Anna Helal:

[Text]

COs continues to flow to
South Africa, a racist coun-
try disowned almost by the entire
family of nations, because expor-
ters are often deliberately misled
about the destination of purch-
ased cargo, an independent re-
port just published states.

South Africa is still able to secure ab-
out 15 million tons of oil annually. worth
over 3,000 million dollars, despite an in-
ternational consensus on preventing
such imports and a December 1981 UN
resolution to this end ratified by 126
states, it is revealed.

Arab Gulf oil exporting countries are
meanwhile among those states determined to
enforce such an embargo and yet they have
often been ‘deliberately deceived through
elaborate methods of subterfuge’ about the
real identity of their customers for crude oil.

More than one half of the ships, identified
by the researchers as ‘most likely’ to have
delivered oil to South Africa sailed from the
Gulf. in clear violation of the exporters’
wishes.

‘The report published by a Netherlands
based Shipping Research Bureau. a non-
profit research organization. tries to pinpoint
loopholes which allow the Pretoria regime to
obtain its oil needs. It lists ships, shipping
agencies and oil companies which are ‘under
strong suspicion’ being the ‘most likely’ cul-
prits. The report, second by the bureau. cov-
ers a period between January 1980 to June

76

"Where Does South Africa Get Its Oil From?"]

1981 and it also offers several new sugges-
tions on how to tighten the noose around
South Africa’s stealthy supply line.

Because of secrecy surrounding the ship-
ments. no official statistics or reports are
available and therefore no final proof or start-
ling revelation can be made, the researchers
point out.

After analysing for more than a year the
movements by world’s tanker fleet, the re-
searchers can only point an accusing finger at
some of the violators, but clauses must be
inserted: ‘most likely’ or ‘possible.’ Blame
cannot be apportioned with final certainty.

Still, despite these shortcomings, the re-
port brings enough evidence to implicate by
name several well-known oil companies, ma-
jor states involved in the illicit trade as well as
methods they use to cover up. Even longer is
the slit of smaller companies, shipping agents
and operators who under various guises bring
crude to South AFrica.

Most importers, it is pointed out are smal-
ler companies, unknown to the public to pre-
vent recognition and identifications. These
companies often manage to make short term
profits in millions and ten millions by engag-
ing in the racket

Identification is made even more difficult
by the fact that companies are often bought
by other companies while ships can be own-
ed. managed and chartered by totally diffe-
rent operators. Indeed, a major oil company
may be quite unaware where its purchased oil
is heading and, similarly, a ship owner may be
totally innocent, the report says.

How then do you track down the culprit or



2. that the democratic state is the technical instrument of the people for
the realization of their choices, of their decisions.

From this time onward, for all problems requiring analysis and resolution at

the level of the people, the state will, at all levels of its organization,

cast off its character of anti-mass coercion to become the faithful instrument
of the people, regulator of social reality in the service of democratic progress.

The party-state is the fusion in one single, organic entity of the Party and
the state.

The revolutionary people's power symbolizes the attainment of the phase of
the party-state.

In the course of this phase, the people of Guinea undertake to construct
a strong, prosperous and just nation, a socialist society, and to pursue
indefinitely its evolution toward higher and higher progress in all spheres.

Realization of the established objectives demands total mobilization and perfect
organization of the masses and their broad, positive and efficient participa-
tion in the development of state policy by the exercise of revolutionary power
at all levels of social organization of the country, as defined by the statutes
of the PDG.

Title 1
On Sovereignty

Article 1. The Revolutionary People's Republic of Guinea is governed by the
PDG, supreme expression of the political power of the country.

Article 2. The PDG, as the national party, constitutes the party-state of
Guinea. It is the authority for the national reality of unification of party
and state, the political-administrative entity resulting from the people's
national will.

Article 3. The national emblem is red, yellow and green in vertical stripes
of equal dimensions.

The national anthem is "Liberty."

The national motto is: Work-Justice-Solidarity.

Article 4. National sovereignty belongs to the people, who exercise it in
all matters and at all levels through mass organizations called revolutionary
governments within the framework of the sole party, the PDG.

Article 5. It is exercised on the entirety of its terrestrial space, on the
ground, below the ground, in its air space and its territorial waters, over

all resources of whatever nature on its continental plateau and within its
exclusive economic zone.

22



JPRS 81796

17 September 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2692

CONTENTS

Daily Shortages Of Food, Necessities Plague Population
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 6-8 Aug 82) .....eeeeeee cece ee eeneees

Three-Year Wait For Sunglasses, by Joao Serra
Codfish Imports Urged, by Joao Serra
Taxi Shortage, by P. Almeida

Portuguese Delegation Ends Visit With Press Conference
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 10 Aug 82) .....ceceeeee eee ee eeeeeee

USSR Cooperative Workers Help With Cotton Project
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 Aug 82) ....ceeeeeeeee eee eeeeeeees

Kuando-Kubango Unsatisfactory Situation Reviewed
(Paulo Marcos; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 4 Aug 82) ......-..004-

Sectors of Activity
Worsening Supply Network

Briefs
Benguela Manpower Statistics
Facilities For Zairian Refugees
Lobito Port Data
Protection of Peasants

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Official Discusses Nation's Petroleum, Mineral Potential
(Jean Teya Interview; TERRE AFRICAINE, L7 Jul 82) .....

Briefs
Budget Deficit

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]

13
13
14
14

15

19


UGANDA

BRIEFS

FEWER REFUGEES TO SUDAN--United Nations, Geneva, August 20--The number of
Ugandan refugees crossing into Southern Sudan each day has dropped to about
200 from a peak of 900 at the beginning of the month, according to the United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. There are now about 150,000 Ugandans
in Sudan, a UNHCR spokesman said today. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP
in English No 2925, 20 Aug 82 p 20]

cso: 4700/1810 END

91


[8-15 Aug 82 p 9]

[Text] [Question] In your view, what problem in the country requires prior-
ity attention?

[answer] It is necessary first of all to understand the functioning of the
capitalist system under which we are living, because it is too easy to pay
attention only to the effects of this system. To the extent that the main
contradiction in this system is found on the level of the private appropria-
tion of the fruits of the labor provided by the community of workers, the
only solution lies in socializing the means of production (land, capital,
machines), in other words, expropriating the assets of the bigwigs in order
to put the production establishments directly back in the hands of the cadres
who keep these establishments running. Naturally, new relations will have to
be established on more just and humane foundations within these establish-
ments, which will function not so that a handful of individuals or a govern-
ment can make a profit, but in the service of the whole of society.

Also, it becomes of extreme importance to pursue an active anti-imperialist
struggle. Therefore we think that the problems exist in international terms
as well. For the time being, the number one enemy in the Indian Ocean area
is America, above all through its military base on Diego Garcia.

Nor should we forget the frustrated coup d'etat in the Seychelles, organized
by proxy.

Another thing which merits the attention of the people of Mauritius is the
fact that America has rejected the Law of the Sea. In particular, because
Mauritius is surrounded by the sea and is rich in maritime assets, special
attention should be devoted to this aspect. However, despite this special
attention to the threat posed by America, we should not forget the role of
the USSR.

Finally, we believe that the spirit of patriotism should be cultivated, and
that in the higher interests of the country, the hidden interests of the
leading classes in this nationalist bugaboo should be laid bare.

Now national liberation should be undertaken on two levels--culturally and

economically. And once this liberation has been achieved, we will finally be
able to pursue a self-administering society.

5157
cso: 4719/1290

46



Article 63. The Revolutionary Government is aided by the specialized central
organs, called superior councils, charged with insuring the execution of its
resolutions and decisions and whose creation, composition, powers and
operating rules will be fixed by law.

Title 7
Chapter 1
On Relations Between the Parliament and the Executive

Article 64. The National People's Assembly studies and votes on bills that
it takes up on its own or are regularly laid before it by:

--The National Congress of the Party
--The National Council of the Revolution
--The Central Committee, the Political Bureau and the Revolutionary Government

--The Supreme Person Responsible for the Revolution, Chief of State, who alone
can initiate laws.

Article 65. Resolutions coming from the national authorities of the Party,
submitted in the form of bills, outlines of bills or draft laws are studied
and adopted on a priority basis.

Article 66. The following are within the exclusive purview of the law:
preparation of the development plan; the civil rights and fundamental guaran-
tees accorded to citizens for the enjoyment of public freedom; the nationality,
status and capacity of persons, matrimonial regulations, inheritance and
bounties; determination of crimes and misdemeanors, penal procedures and
amnesty; work rules and public employment; regulations governing the issuance
of currency and credit; assessment, taxation and means of payment of taxes

of whatever nature; electoral rules for the National People's Assembly, the
regional people's assemblies, the people's district councils and local revolu-
tionary governments; the general organization of services and public establish-
ments, offices, state enterprises and companies; ownership of property, real
rights [as published] and civic duties; conditions for transfer of state property,
private land and management of state land; organization and administration of
public collectives, their competence and their resources.

Article 67. The President of the Republic, Supreme Person Responsible for the
Revolution, can, in case of need or emergency, take measures by decree that
normally come under the purview of the law, with the exception of those con-
cerning amendment of the constitution. These decrees are adopted in government
council and submitted for ratification to the National People's Assembly at the
time of its next session; otherwise they become null and void and without
effect.

Article 68. Matters other than those that come within the purview of the law
come under the regulatory power of the Revolutionary Government.

30



cso:

grower.

“All my income comes from
bananas,” said Mrs. Esther
Kamanga of Sub-Chief Khwete-
mule in Chief Changata’s area in
Thyolo.

Realising that hoards of kilo-
grams of ‘bananas, ready for
markets, were being wasted
annually in gardens due to lack of
reliable transport system, banana
growers organised and formed
among themselves the Thyolo
Banana Producers and Trans-
porters Co-operative Society in
April 1978.

The Co-operative Society
established its headquarters at
Thekerani, the heart of banana
producing area of Chief Nsabwe,
some 52 km south of the Boma.

The prime purpose of forming
the society was to solve pro-
ducers’ transportation problems
so that their banana crop is taken
to markets anywhere in the
country.

For the smooth running of its
activity, the Co-operative Society
is organised into three organs:
the management committee, su-
pervisory committee and the
education committee.

The management committee,
which is charged with daily
management work of the co-
operative society, conducts the
day to day business of the
society, while the supervisory
committee oversees the work of
the management committee,
ensuring that decisions,
objectives and resolutions of the
society are being followed and
implemented.

The education committee edu-
cates members of the society on

4700/1809

39

all matters concerning the orga-
nization.

By December 31, 1981, there
were 604 members with full K25
shares each, said an official of
the society.

Although the society is basi-
cally registered in Thyolo District,
farmers in neighbouring Mulanje
District have shown interest to
join it and this may eventually
lead to extending its membership
to that district.

Following the registration of
the Co-operative Society four
years ago, the Investment and
Development Bank (Inde Bank),
made available a fleet of six
seven-ton lorries for transporting
bananas to markets, a tractor and
a four-wheel drive vehicle for field
break-down and administrative
purposes.

Although the society has trans-
port of its own, it has not ruled out
dependence on private trans-
porters because of increasing
demand for transport from its
members thus the society still
operates side by the side with
private transporters.

About 50 banana truckloads
leave Thyolo for markets
throughout the country weekly.
This is done mainly during the dry
season when the roads are in
good conditions, the official said.

To secure a fair deal, it is the
responsibility of the society to
decide on hire charges for all
types of transport taking
bananas to markets@®



"ARMSCOR's contributions lie in determining whether there are sufficient
times, funds and local capabilities for achieving the ideal thing. Also
bear in mind that the stage of development is a risky one; therefore, close
contact with the consumer (the South African armed forces) is of continu-
ous and cardinal importance throughout. The technical and the operational
must be consolidated in marriage. Leads derived back from the operational
side can expose defects, but perfection is attainable through the refining
process."

"Look at the Eland armored car story. We have now already gone over to

the Mark VII. Refinement has resulted in great improvements on the
appearance and on the power output. The Eland Mark VII is an entirely
different product. It is infinitely superior to the first units which came
out from our assembly installations."

Our portable radios now evidence only a related affinity with the first
models with their specially developed batteries and antennas for local con-
ditions. Our formidable attack vessels have likewise been improved. For
instance, their decks have been reinforced to better withstand the plague

of the deep sea. The troop carrier being used most often, namely the Buffalo,
has been improved radically with respect to combat reliability by improve-
ments on its body mountings, shock absorbers and whatever else there may
be...and we could go on with the list."

"By the way of rounding things up let me express just two more thoughts:
Our military equipment production industry has accepted the challenge and
is winning. But we are not resting on our laurels, because we are striving
for a degree of perfection which can lend strength to human ingenuity."

Mr Bell made it clear that the South African economy is in no way being
dominated by the armaments production industry and the consequent dangers

of imbalance. At present it is contributing only 4 percent to the gross
industrial production, But in essence this contribution is harboring a
healthy capitalistic seed and this becomes clear when ARMSCOR's policy towards
its contractors (with their 60,000 workers) is analyzed.

Moral Duty

This policy makes thorough provisions for the element of profit; however,
ARMSCOR insures a balance by controlling the ultimate price of the product.
Between the initially stipulated price of the product and its ultimate manu-
facturing price the contractor is able to maneuver a greater profit by improved
productivity. Moreover, the principle still remains that when an indus-
trialist offers his services for a task at a high risk (perhaps involving

a strategic item having a low frequency of application) ARMSCOR will accept

the moral duty of making the project viable from the producer's (contractor)
point of view and to keep it that way. In so doing ARMSCOR provides its
dynamic input to the steadiness of the country's economy.

89



Article 29. Access to positions of responsibility at the heart of the
party-state is open to all citizens who meet the criteria of revolutionary
commitment, ability and integrity and who live solely from their salary and
are not involved either directly or through an intermediary in any lucrative
activity.

Article 30. The exercise of public authority may in no case become a source
of enrichment or a means of serving private interests.

Article 31. The citizen must demonstrate revolutionary vigilance toward all
elements hostile to the revolutionary regime established democratically in
the country.

Title 3
On Revolutionary Government

Article 32. Revolutionary government (government of the people, by the people
and for the people), is exercised by the people, organized within the framework
of the PDG, party-state, on the basis of democratic centralism in the follow-
ing manner:

a) all members of revolutionary government bodies are elected and their
mandates are renewed periodically;

b) the masses control the activity of the organs of the party-state created
for this purpose;

c) those elected are required to account for their acts before their electors
and the latter have the right to recall them in cases in which they no longer
merit the confidence placed in them;

d) decisions adopted by the superior organs of the party-state are obligatorily
respected by subordinate organs;

e) subordinate organs of the party-state are responsible for their acts to
the superior organs, which can cancel or change them as the case may be;

£) the activity of the administrative organs of the party-state is subject to
a system of double subordination: subordination relative to the official
authorities from which they emanate and subordination to the superior organs
and their official authorities;

g) freedom of discussion and the exercise of criticism and self-criticism and
subordination of the minority to the majority govern all collegial organs of
the party-state.

Article 33. Revolutionary government is organized as follows: central
revolutionary government, regional revolutionary government, district revolu-

tionary government and local revolutionary government.

Article 34. The revolutionary governments of the party-state have, at each
level, a parliament and an executive.

25



Naturally, in order to attain a certain capacity and to maintain it requires
the highest level of administrative ability. It is no secret that we are
exporting arms, but Mr Bell is not about to provide any details. He says:
"Just write down that my short- and medium-range aim is still the successful
penetration of the export market."

This position must be viewed within this perspective: South Africa is no
“arms bag" or “bomb baron." We maintain moral and ethical standards. How-
ever, for a long time now, we have not been begging for crumbs from the
rich's tables. We have learned hard lessons.

The main thing remains the protection of our country and of our people.
For this we do not ask for anybody's approval...nor do we make excuses.

7964
csO: 4701/105

90



ANGOLA

KUANDO-XUBANGC UNSATISFACTORY SITUATION REVIEWED

Sectors of Activity
Iuanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 4 Aug &2 p 3
[article by Paulo Marcos]

[Excerpts] Kuando-Xubango Province (situated in the extreme southeastern part
of the Feople's Republic of Angola) requires greater attention and continuing
support in order to cope with the large-scale socioeconomic problems with
which it is struggling--problems that bear little or no resemblance to those
experienced in the other provinces of the nation.

These problems are characterized not only by the war situation that imperial-
ism has forced on us through the instrumentality of its lackeys but also by
the scarcity of human and material resources at its disposal.

Occupying an area of 199,335 square kilometers, Kuando-Kubango Province is the
second largest (after Moxico Province) in the nation, with a population of
175,000 and a population density of approximately 0.9 inhabitants per square
kilometer. These data by themselves explain why Xuando-Xubango Province is
virtually underpopulated.

The province is divided administratively into nine municipalities and borders
on the north with the provinces of Bie and Moxico, on the west with Huila, on
the east with the Republic of Zambia and on the south with Namibia.

It is a province that has few agricultural traditions, and there is little
agricultural activity at the present time. It is also impossible to speak of
industrial activity, which is almost completely nonexistent.

The province nonetheless does have fertile, arable land that offers possibili-
ties for major agricultural development, and the agriculture of the province
(which since colonial times has been a subsistence agriculture) is taking the
first steps--with the introduction of modern equipment and organizational
methods--toward making the region self-sufficient.

If we turn specifically to the tasks of the National Reconstruction program,
in which all sectors of activity are involved, various aspects become immedi-
ately apparent and lead us to draw a number of conclusions.



NIGERIA

REGISTRATION FOR ELECTIONS TO CONTINUE 2 WEEKS
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2925, 20 Aug 82 p 15

[Text] Lagos, August 18--Registration of voters for next year's general elec-
tions in Nigeria began Monday and will continue for two weeks.

According to the Government-owned NEW NIGERIAN newspaper, in the registration
of voters carried out on a house-to-house basis in 1979 about 48 million peo-
ple put down their names.

The total population of Nigeria is estimated at 90 million.

Official figures show that only 16 million people voted in the 1979 presidential
election, while 15 million each voted in the governorship and state houses of
assembly elections.

Fourteen million voted in elections for the House of Representatives and 12
million in the senatorial election.

Voter registration is to be carried out differently this year. The electorate
is being asked to go and register at centres built throughout the country for
the exercise.

According to national press reports, many registration centres had not been
erected until Sunday in some states as a result of late release of funds by the
Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO).

FEDECO Chairman Mr Justice Ovie-Whiskey in a radio and TV broadcast Sunday
night called on all Nigerians over 18 to register at their nearest registra-
tion centre.

Advertisements urging people to register are being used daily on radio, on TV
and in newspapers.

Illiteracy Problem

Some newspapers reported that party officials of all registered parties were
calling on voters to encourage them to register.

But a survey by the privately owned NATIONAL CONCORD newspaper showed that
the majority ofNigeria's electorate, which is largely illiterate, did not
understand the significance of the exercise.

61



rather the culprits in this multi-national, mul-
ti interest operation?

Asa yardstick for their findings. the resear-
chers have used a relatively obvious logic: if
il is loaded it must also be offloaded. And if
the ship which carried the oil had called on a
South African port it is highly likely that it
had offloaded the cargo there. If it then sailed
back to the Gulf and arrived empty it is even
more obvious where the oil went, despite of
what the official papers stated.

There is also ample proof tha certain ships
had called on a transhipment ports such as
Rotterdam or Singapore.

Other clues are often provided by testimo-
nies of crew members who may have leaked
out to the press that their tanker went to
South Africa and discharged oil. There is
other. indirect. evidence.

A large tanker for instance may have called
at Durban. allegedly for loading fuel. but
since Durban does not have facilities for
bunkering — loading fuc! — it is impossible
for the ship to have obtainca fuel. On the
other hand. the report points out, Durban
does have facilities to discharge crude oil
from large ships.

It is also worth noting that an unusual high
proportion of tankers involved in apparent
oil deliveries to South Africa are scrapped.
sunk, laid up, sold, and/or have their names
changed not long after their one or more trips
to South Africa.

Old ships

This suggests that the companies involved
prefer to use old ships for their illicit trade so
that if ships are subsequently black-listed or
impounded, consequences for the operators
will not be too severe.

In pursuit of its inquiry, the bureau has
identified a total of 256 ships over 25,000 tons
deadweight that are capable of carrying crude
oil cargoes and that did call at South Africa
between January 1, 1980 and June 30, 1981.

The researchers wrote to the companies
and countries linked to those ships and there-
after were able to cull 52 carriers which were
labeled as ‘most likely’ to have delivered. A
further 29 carriers were listed as ‘possible’
violators.

According to the researchers’ estimates, if
every one of the ‘most likely’ ships have made
actual deliveries then together they had sup-
plies over 10 million tons of crude. equivalent
to abcut half of South Africa’s imports over
that period.

According to the analysis. three oil com-

77

panies owned the disputed cargo most likely
to have ended up in South Africa. Those
companies are Shell. Transworld Oil and
Vitol, and all three are either partly or wholly
based in the Netherlands. But the companies
in most cases did not own or manage the ships
which carried the supplies. Twenty-six out of
the 52 ships were linked with one or other of
these three companies
Norwegian

Twenty-one out of 52 ships considered to
be most likely to have delivered crude oi!
were owned and managed by Norwegian
compaies and flew the Norwegian flag. Other
countries whose ships were heavily involved
are the United Kingdom and Denmark. It is
interesting to note that except for Britain
which voted against, all the three other above
mentioned countries voted for the UN fu-
vored oil embargo, not mandatory. adopted
in 1981. So as to eliminate any accusation of
guesswork, the report stresses that the re-
search bureau “would not publish the name
of any companies until a clear evidence is
established linking them with oil deliveries to
South Africa.”

Evasive

But in the process of establishing such evi-
dence, many companies were clearly evasive
It has become obvious that destination for
different cargos were often changed after a
carrier sailed from an oil exporting country
and only some companies were forthcoming
by spelling out clearly they were not in-
volved. “Our trade with other black African
countries, especially Nigeria, prevents us
from risking the relationship by using tankers
which have or had connections with South
Africa,” one company replied.

Clearly, some companies are very keen to
steer clear of any accusation and there is
therefore a way of tightening the boycott
screw, the report suggests.

The result of all the correspondence with
companies and governments, checking and
double-checking is the publication of a con-
vincing chart which lists hundreds of ships,
cargo owners, charterers and flags under
whose guise the cargo must have been deli-
vered.

Case study no 61 for instance lists Norse
King of 231,759 deadweight, a tanker which
sailed under the Norwegian flag from the
Arabian Gulf to South Africa and back, not-
ably to Qatar. Manager and owner of the ship
were Odd Godager and Co, of Norway. An



MAURITIUS

PLANS FOR COOPERATION WITH MADAGASCAR DISCUSSED
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 7 Aug 82 p 1

[Text] Cooperation between Mauritius and Madagascar for the future seems
well under way. In fact, following the visit paid to Mauritius just after
the triumph of the MMM/PSM alliance by Malagasy Minister of Commerce Georges
Solofoson, resulting in an offer to sell cattle to our country (thus making
exception to the principle according to which Madagascar does not sell cattle
abroad), it has been confirmed that Mauritius will import 6,000 live animals
from the island every year.

Apart from cattle, Mauritius also plans to purchase a whole range of fruits,
including apples, oranges and tangerines, from Madagascar. However, a
shipment of 10 tons of tangerines on which we were currently expecting
delivery through Intracorp, an enterprise established by the MMM and headed
by Mr Vishnu Lutchmeenaraidoo, had to be delayed because of a law in effect
in Mauritius since 1959 and kept in effect by the outgoing government and
various pressure groups prohibiting the import of vegetable products of
Malagasy origin. This law will shortly be revoked. The decision to import
fruit from Madagascar, apart from its advantageous trade aspect, will signif-
icantly reduce our dependence on the apartheid regime in South Africa.

Finally, we should note that the country also plans to import 1,000 tons of
large peas, produced on the southern part of the island, from Madagascar.

Madagascar, for its part, wants to purchase edible oils as well as other
products, including chemical fertilizer, detergents and cement, from
Mauritius. Moreover, it would like to sell us the printed and other cotton
fabrics our free textile zone needs.

It should be noted that in Mauritius, it is Intracrop which is responsible
for coordination in the import and export sectors, pending establishment of
the appropriate bodies, including the State Trading Corporation. In the view
of Mr Vishnu Lutchmeenaraidoo, who recently returned from a mission in
Madagascar, "the tremendous potential existing in terms of trade exchange
between Mauritius and Madagascar has been confirmed.

"For us, having been accustomed to turning to the West, an intensification

of cooperation among the countries in the region could have immediate
positive and happy consequences," Mr Lutchmeenaraidoo stressed.

47



MAURITIUS

NATIONAL ANTI-SOMAZ FRONT ANALYZES NEW BUDGET
Port Louis LE NOUVEAU MILITANT in French 7-15 Aug 82 pp 1,4

[Text] The National Anti-Somaz Front (FNAS) set forth its "different assess~-
ment"' of the 1982-83 budget, as compared with those of other population
sectors, during a press conference Thursday. However, the FNAS acknowledges
that the budget submitted by Minister of Finance Paul Berenger includes some
positive measures, in particular the establishment of agricultural and
industrial cooperatives, the energy policy, the establishment of an anti-
corruption court, the increase of social allocations and compensation to the
Tlois.

The spokesmen of the FNAS, including Dev Ramano, Serge Rayapoulle, Nicole
Allet, J. Rene, M. Purang, J. Ross and Y. Pauline, spoke of the demands made
by the government with a view to implementing the intentions set forth in the
budget and achieving its three goals, which are recovery, financial stabili-
zation and social justice. According to the FNAS, the government analysis
contained in the budget is "strictly economic and arithmetic."' They asked
what measures the government proposes to control profit margins and the
fortunes of the big owners.

"The large properties, the great fortunes and the big owners living in the
rural regions have not been taxed," D. Ramano said. He added that these are
however truly socialist measures for replenishing the state coffers, thus
reducing the deficit margin in the operational budget.

Going on to discuss consumption, D. Ramano said that not everyone consumes in
the same fashion. The "little people" do not have a decent life. Food
imports, he said, include on the one hand basic foodstuffs for the people
such as rice and flour, but also deluxe items which go to the hotels and
those in the system who enjoy privileges.

On the subject of incentive measures, the FNAS does not believe that
employers will work with the government to promote the economic recovery

of the country. This organization does not like the 25 percent reduction on
the sugar export tax. It wonders if the workers will support this measure.

Nor does the FNAS ask the country to reject the IMF and World Bank loans, but

it is necessary to negotiate on a lasting basis with these institutions, and
in terms of temporary compromises, D. Ramano said. On the other hand, he

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Sales are also made from mobile trucks, so as to make it unnecessary for some
workers to leave their workplaces in order to go to the stores.

Agostinho Diogo also said that the office (which he has headed for less than
1 year) has too many workers (approximately 800), and that the surplus work-
ers would be selected for subsequent transfer to the Ministry of Labor, which
will assign them to other entities. The existence of a surplus of workers in
this office--many of whom are not even minimally qualified--hinders the oper-
ation of the various departments, with the result that these departments do
not always succeed in carrying out fully the tasks of planning and distribu-
tion assigned to them.

The high index of absenteeism is another situation noted by Diogo, together
with the disorganization that currently prevails in the commercial entities
of the province.

Prospects for Expansion of the Commercial Network

The extension and organization of the commercial network is one of the tasks
to which the party and the government have assigned the highest priority, as
the only way to ensure improvement of the living conditions of the masses of
the people.

In this context Kuando-Kubango Province is equally committed to implementation
of this policy, and has assigned priority to certain municipalities that offer
the best conditions for this purpose.

"We plan to extend these commercial activities to other areas, giving priority
consideration to certain municipalities," the provincial representative

of the Hinistry of Home Trade emphasized. He added that the current situation
does not yet offer the desired conditions.

"We shall accordingly begin with Cuchi Municipality," he said in conclusion.
"It is an area that has great economic potential and a significant agricul-
tural production, notably of corn."

As for the campaign for commercial development in the rural areas, Agostinho
Diogo announced that little or nothing is being done at the present time,
pending completion of the current study of the proposal to transfer the func-
tions of ENCODIPA [National Company for Purchase and Distribution of Agricul-
tural Products] to the entities of the Ministry of Home Trade.

10992
csO: 472/379

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