C.C.: The power system cannot handle the consumer demand. The system should
be remodeled; both the high and low tension lines should be replaced and the
system should be extended.

It is a slow and difficult process, considering the shortage of manpower and
materiel. In any event, we have been maintaining some transformer stations,
replacing street lights, attending to the municipios and the demands of the
system itself.

The sector also suffers from the lack of a company structure devoted purely
and simply to maintaining, ‘remodeling and administering the system.

ANGOP: All along the city's main thoroughfares, during the day we see many street
lights still burning. Why is that?

C.C.: This is a technical problem. The control equipment for the system is
broken down, so it is very dangerous to turn the lights on and off every day
at the central electric power distribution control box.

ANGOP: Regarding the clandestine hookups to the power system, what measures
are being taken?

C.C.: We have taken action in such cases, cutting off the power and imposing
fines, but in many cases it is difficult to detect. In any event, these hookups
have further impeded the normal functioning of the system, which is already over-
burdened.

ANGOP: Finally, we would like to know what future development projects are
planned for these two sectors.

C.C.: Some funds have been allocated to Malanje Province for local investments.
Given this financial opportunity, some actions in the energy and community ser-
vice sectors have been included in the plan of activity.

In the energy area, there are plans to begin remodeling the power distribution
system, or else do some repairs if the necessary material shows up.

Regarding community services, we intend to go on with the maintenance of the
water distribution system, the project for the new conduit, the reorganization
of the funeral agency, the maintenance of sidewalks and parks and the development
of other activities in this sector.

However, good results will depend on acquiring normal quantities of the necessary
materials, in this case, electric pumps, wagons and lawn mowers.

6362
CSO: 3442/387

13



happen. The games will, no doubt, take place, but limping and
diminished.

Other nations can only reflect on the attitude of the Americans and the Soviets
and learn from them the only lesson that is inescapable and worthwhile: to

take away definitely the right for the USSR and the United States to organize
the Olympic games,

That is the very modest price necessary to bring the assassinated Olympic
ideal back to life. The assassins are the Americans and the Soviets.

9955
CSO: 3419/666

34



In the face of the teachings of the people of the BET, we dare to believe that
the repeated appeals by the president of the republic for national reunion,
relayed by several explanatory missions to our brothers, will be fully understood.

With an unshakable faith in the future of our country, conscious of belonging
to a single national entity, determined to live free, Chadians will, always and
everywhere, hold out against the yoke of slavery of the theoreticians of the
green book. Chadian nationalism must triumph over the moreover restricting

alliances reached by the opposition with Libya, which noisily dreams of annexing
our homeland.

9434
CsO: 3419/679

30



RAILWAYS TO ELECTRIFY LINE TO MAPUTO

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Jun 84 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/1088

BULAWAYO,
THE National Railways
of Zimbabwe hopes to
route to
Maputo within “he next
10 years ag part of its
‘Key aim” of reducing
its reliance om South
African routes.
tao was sald by the
outgoing general manager
of the NRZ, Mr Nij
peaCox, ia the Apri
sue e-magazine,
Zimrell

He disclosed that the
aimed-for increase in use
of Mozambique's ports
had gone slowly because
of difficulties im that
country, The recent intro-
duction of a block train”
of containers loaded with.
tobacco for export
through Beira had
very succ2ssful.

The training of staff
was an “absolute priority”
and there were 600 ap-
prentices on the railways.
Expatriate labour, intro-
duced after Independence
‘because of the loss of a
large number of artisans,
was being limited aa
TMuch ag possible, because
of the expense ang the
expatriates’ unfamiliarity
with local conditions,

“We contract poorte
for one or two

which time Ytney
must train their suc-
ceagora,” Mr = Lea-Cox

The financial year end-
‘ing June 30 1983 did not

come up to expectations,
partly because the rail-
ways had geared itself
tor a level of traffic which
@id not materialise and
the bill for new resources,
such as new locomotives,
of which 61 were bought
in 1981, had stilt to
met,

The electrification of
the line meant that ex
tensive loans had to be
serviced and a number of
commodities were carried
at less than; cost, ~

Despite this, the deficit
for the year wag contain-
ed at a reasonable level.
However, 1983/84 was ex-
pected to be no better
and possibly worse with
the increase in umavoid-
able costs, trying

“We ara ing to con-
tain this with a stringent
economy drive, but it will
also depend on this sea-
son's crop output. If it
diminishes thig will in-
crease our deficit.”

Mr pointed out
that the New Zealand
railways dealt with their

New Zealand Railways

‘Corporation, with all gov-

ernment loang converted

Suit non-lnterest-bearing
ty capital,

‘The New Zealand gov-
ernment subsidised the
railway for sub-economic

ht and passenger
ices, turning a previ-
ous loss into a modest

Profit in the first year, he
said:

85

ZIMBABWE



The BCP undertook a massive campaign, starting on the eve of independence and
continuing until 1970 to undermine government's diplomatic position within the
OAU and other international forums. The campaign was an intolerable invitation
for foreign intervention in Lesotho's (?protection) of the kingdom's foreign
(?interests). Once again, the campaign failed dismally, but the party would
still not learn the obvious lesson. Lately, some factions of the BCP have advo-~
cated international supervision of elections in Lesotho. Where the BCP gets
its inspiration from for its hope that the international community will come to
its rescue and interfere in the domestic affairs of Lesotho is a continuing

mystery.

The BCP is once more back at its old tricks. Now that it has become clear that
the party is in disarray, it is accusing government of planning a 1-party state
in Lesotho, and appealing to foreign interests to come to its rescue. What will
it take for the BCP to understand that the nation is not prepared to be told by
foreign interests what its political destiny should be? Is it not enough that
African governments have made it clear that they are tired of BCP, and that the
party has been given marching orders from so many states to get out? Is it

not enough that the only country that now harbors the BCP and the largest gorup
of BCP activists is South Africa?

It does seem as if the party that used to boast of being a party of intellectuals,
of academics, ‘of the educated, has now become a party of tired old men, of
leaders who find it easier to draft petitions for foreign consumption rather

than face the nation directly. The nation must really ask itself whether the

BCP has not become a party of yesterday men.

cso: 3400/1086

39



the visit, he gave precise guidance to resolve certain situations which hinder
not only the accomplishment of the emergency plan within the agricultural

and livestock enterprise but which also hamper the operation of some govern-
ment agencies in the township. . One of the guidelines given has to do with
priority for fuel and lubricant supply to the units visited. . The meeting
participants in the delegation of Huambo also agreed that for construction
purposes, it will be necessary as quickly as possible to ship 500 bags

of cement so as to finish the projects on the last birdhouses.

The sales organizations were given the task of delivering the goods
earmarked for these rural areas. Finally, on the basis of the guidelines .
given by the Chairman of the Party and the President of the Nation
Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos in his New Year's message, the provincial
commissioner of Huambo stressed the need for organizing an economy which
would support the war and which would fight to defend the economy.

5058
CSO: 3442/388



retrench some workers or cut the salaries of his staff to cope with the
revenue they generate.

Colonel Ahmed pointed out that in the past 10 years the Federal Government
pumped billions of Naira into the P & T and regretted that the department
never contributed anything to the national budget.

He said the department is not a social organisations and must generate reve-
nue, and directed the territorial controller to recover outstanding debts of
about 600,000 Naira from defaulting telephone and telex subscribers or else
recover their lines.

Earlier, the minister revoked the 1.3 million Naira P & T staff quarters con-
tracts awarded to Ado Yau Construction Company in 1977 for abandonment.

cso: 3400/1058

67



~--We have taken a public position and held talks with South African Government
representatives in.support of the release of persons imprisoned or detained for
offences related to their political convictions. We have not done this lightly,
but in the belief that such a process will contribute meaningfully to the crea-
tion of a climate conductive to national reconciliation. Mr Andimba Toivo ya
Toivo and Mr Willibald Sagaria were released from prison:on 1 March 1984, and
the decision to release 54 detainees from Mariental was made known by the
administrator general on 3 May, We shall continue to work for such further
releases as will advance the cause of peace.

--We have completed arrangements for visits to a number of African states, both
within our region and elsewhere on the continent. African heads of state
interested in promoting a resolution of Southern African conflicts have recog-
nised the importance of hearing the perspective of the people of this country
and have promised assistance in furthering the cause of national reconciliation.
A delegation from the Multiparty Conference will leave Windhoek for Lusaka on
Thursday, 10 May, at the invitation of President Kenneth Kaunda and will hold
discussions with the president of Zambia and his ministers, SWAPO and the ad-
ministrator general of SWA/Namibia and his delegation. We believe that these
discussions have the potential to make a major contribution to peace, self-
determination and independence and deeply appreciate President Kaunda's initia-
tive in proposing that they take place.

We stand today at the decisive crossroads of our nation's future. If we succeed
in our present endeavour to bring about peace and reconciliation, we shall be
able to achieve a free, democratic, stable and prosperous country. If we fail,
we shall face yet more suffering and strife, economic decline and bloodshed.

We dare not fail, and to succeed we need the prayers and assistance of all our
people.

csO: 3401/78

49



NAMIBIA

MULTIPARTY CONFERENCE CITES GOALS
MB191300 Windhoek DIE REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 10 May 84 p 4

["Full text" of "statement by the Multiparty conference" read by Dirk Mudge,
chairman of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance, at a press conference in
Windhoek on 9 May, prior to the departure of an MPC delegation for talks in
Lusaka~-published in English]

[Text] It is now almost 6 months since the historic day in November 1983 on
which delegates from six SWA/Namibian parties, with one other having observer
status, came together in the Heynes Matthews Hall in Windhoek to assert the
right of the people of this country to determine their own future on the basis
of justice, freedom and human dignity.

‘

We made it clear then that we resented the fact that others, many of them with
no vital interest in the outcome, were arguing about, interfering with, and
seeking to determine what should and should not happen to us. The spectacle of
one group of foreigners raising objections, based on their interests, to a plan
for our independence devised by another group, without either side having con-
sulted adequately with us, had become intolerable. It had made a mockery of
the principle of self-determination and had placed the people of this country in
the position of being no more than the playthings of outside interests.

The Multiparty Conference was born out of the frustration of the people. It
came about because we realised that unless we took matters into our own hands
we should remain powerless; unless we asserted our right to speak for ourselves,
others would continue to make decisions about us. We made the decision to be
beholden to no one and elected to accept financial stringency in preference

to assistance with strings attached. We decided to have no foreign advisers
but, rather, recognising that it is we who must live together in this land and
achieve our common destiny, to debate and reach consensus among ourselves on
the path to be followed.

It has not been an easy road. We have disagreed, often forcefully and some-
times bitterly, about matters of principle and practice. Some parties have
left the conference--we hope only temporarily--while others have joined us. We
have been accused of different things by different people, all of which
accusations fail to grasp our purpose and our goals. Let us restate them now:

47



The Northern and Eastern Parts of the Department of Zinder

The districts of Goure and Tanout, two pastoral districts, are currently

the most affected by desert encroachment. At the source of their problem
lies the cutting of the trees and overgrazing. As for the eastern part,

it is characterized by a heavy concentration of people and overworking of
the soil.

The Department of Diffa

Three-fourths of the department are affected by desert encroachment. We
are witnessing a north-to-south movement of erosion. Build-up of sand is
already threatening some regions (the city of Maine-Soroa).

The Department of Agadez

Taking into account the scarcity of its precipitation and vegetation, the
department of Agadez can be considered completely desert.

9895
CSO: 3419/678

53



FORMER HOUSING HEAD'S PASSPORT RETAINED UNTIL AFTER TESTIMONY

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 May 84 p 1

[Article by Alaye Genoba]

[Text]

CSO:

THE former General
manager of the Federal Hous-
ing Authority (FHA), Mr. For-
tune Ebie, was yesterday
taken away by security men
from the conference room of
the housing ‘authority, the
venue of the panel in-
vestigating the activities of
the FHA.

The former chief exective of
the FHA, who arrived in the
country from Kenya to testify’
before the panel, was inform-
ed by the chairman of the
pane], retired Col. D.S.
Abubakar, that his passport
would be impounded by
security men. i

The . former general
“manager had earlier yester-

peared briefly before
te ° Abubakar panel 1 Proving
the activities of
- edi ly he red,

Immediately appeal

the chairman of the panel, Col-
onel Ababa tol him “we
are not ex, you to ad-
dress the panel ng

“We want to assue you that
we on this panel have deemed
you innocent until you clear
yourself of the allegations
made against you before this
panel. But in view of the

3400/1041

57

seriousness of these’ allega-

tions, we will like-to kee you
passport”, , the chairman add-

He told Mr. Ebie that “those
men pointing to securitymen
will take you to a place where
your passport will be taken

you till next Tuesday
phen yor you will appear before

. Ebie was later escorted
away by plain clothe security
men to an unknown place.

Thé names of the former
chief executive of the FHA
had been mentioned by
several witnesses who
testified before the panel in
connection with one allegation
or the other.

‘There have been allegations
of unilateral termination of
contracts which’ rere later re-

ted prices.

He was said to have ter-
minated some contracts of the
construction companies which
were engaged in the construc-
tion of the FESTAC houses
and later gave the same con-
tracts to the direct labour unit
under Mr. Alfred Philips who
admitted before the panel that
he was not a qualified con-
struction engineer.

NIGERIA



constitution does not provide for the possibility of the HCC's "hearing" a
petition from a third party concerning the legality of such and such a text
that has already been the subject of a ruling?

Concerning the matter of "parallel jurisdiction," the law commissioner spe-
ecified that whoever named someone to a given post can also put an end to his
assignment, if another provision exists designating another authority capable
of carrying it out. In this case, the same procedures concerning nomination
and divestiture will be applied. Otherwise stated, one decree is issued be-
fore another decree is repealed.

If the "principle of parallel jurisdiction" was applied to this affair, it is
precisely because the HCC is constitutionally designed to "make certain that
the election of the president of the Republic and the selection of Supreme
Revolutionary Council members take paace according to the regulations," which
presupposes that it would be as easy to state the regulations for the dismis-
sal of a member from the same institution:

Before ending his brilliant indictment, the law commissioner made still one
more distinction between "state power," which falls within the jurisdiction
of the president of the Republic and over which the administrative chamber
of the Supreme Court has no authority, and the "administrative act" or "state
administration," the decisions of which could be overturned or changed ac-
cording to the circumstances.

In the light of the very interesting statement of the law commissioner before
the Supreme Court and considering the judgment of the administrative chamber
relative to Monja Jaona's petition, the question remains whether the HCC can
hear a third party petition which does not concern "matters of popular direct
consultation," as article 91 of the Constitution stipulates in its last para-
graph, but is rather an "appeal" to rescind a decree considered an "excess of
power" by the petitioner or even to challenge an "illegality."

9955
CSO: 3419/666

45



ANGOLA

CENTRAL COMMITTFE PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT HOLDS NATIONAL MEETING
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 May 84 p 3

[Article by Eugenio Diogo]

[Text] The second national meeting of the MPLA-Labor Party
Central Committee Department for the Productive Sector, which
began on 19 May in the "10 December" Theater, ended yesterday
with the approval of major decisions which will contribute to
improving the work of that important department.

During the 2 days of proceedings, the participants intensively analyzed the
organization and functioning of the Department for the Productive Sector, particu-
larly relations between the party and the government, as well as the methodology
for overseeing the agriculture, industry, fishing, construction, petroleum,
energy, transportation and communications sectors.

Among the conclusions reached at the meeting, the participants acknowledged

the need to revise Law 17/77, in view of its importance to the economic manage
ment of the state enterprises. In this regard, "the DAI (Agroindustrial Depart~
ment) and the DEC (Department of Energy and Communications) should make arrange~
ments with the Department for Economic and Social Policy to provide the pertinent
sector with guidelines to carry out [the revision]."

With regard to adapting the model for the internal regulation of the party pro~
vincial committees' departments for the productive sector to local circumstances,
the participants felt it wise to examine the pros and cons of creating a sub~
section for coffee and for the development of cooperatives. The final document
also stressed that the DEC should take steps to help correct the current situation
in the distribution of fuels and lubricants, which continues to impede economic
activity in the provinces.

The problem of rural marketing was discussed during the meeting; the participants
concluded that "the Agroindustrial Department should recommend that government
agencies apply the guidelines handed down, because of the shortcomings that
still exist in this area."

Closing Address

Speaking extemporaneously on that occasion, Andre Petroff, Central Committee
secretary for the productive sector, described the conclusions as "brief but

17



REACTION TO MOL'S NEW GRAIN DIRECTIVE

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 10 May 84 p 6

(Editorial:

[Text]

"Grain is Now in Farmers' Hands"]

PRESIDENT Moi’s recent directive to set up a
giant grain growers~co-operative union was
auspicious for Kenya’s co-operative development.
It will give the farmers more control over the grow-
ing and handling of cereals. Depending on the new
relationship between such a union and the Na-
tional Cereals Produce Board (NCPB), we can

“ hope that farmers will have more say on matters

pertaining to procurement of inputs, and purchas-
ing and collection and possibly marketing of
cereals. It is right for farmers to be more directly
involved in the management of crops, which are
our staple food and an important sourcé of
income. .

Whereas agricultural co-operatives form thema-
jority of Kenya’s co-operatives, there has ironically
been no co-operative organisation to handle grains
exclusively. This is in spite of the fact that grain
production has been on an upward trend in recent
years. For instance, the maize output for the
‘1982/83 agricultural year amounted to approx-
imately 26 million bags, an increase of nearly 20
per cent'over the 1981/82 period. In 1982 the maize
delivered to the NCPB earned farmers K£30.7
million compared with K£23.6 million in 1981.
Though not a cereal, it is important to mention that
bean production for the 1982/83 period was
estimated at 2¢5 million bags, an increase.of 12.6
per cent over the previous year’s figure. During
this period an additional 110,000 hectares were put
under beans. A similar trend can be observed as
regards other cereals.

35

KENYA



NIGERIA

POST, TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT TO BE SPLIT
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 May 84 p 11
[Article by Sani Haruna]

[Text] THE Department of Post and Telecommunications would split into two
autonomous bodies before the end of the year, the Minister of Communications,
Lt. Col. Ahmed Abdullahi has said.

Replying to an address by the Bauchi Territorial Controller Mr. F. A. Faboyade
during a one-day inspection visit to P & T establishment in the state, the
minister said ground work for the split had started and stressed that by next
year there would be nothing like the P & T in this country.

He said when the split is completed, telephone service would be decentralised
to five zones throughout the state and each territory would be answerable to
its zonal headquarters.

The minister said a committee was currently studying how to implement the new
postal system adding that under the new arrangement each state postal division
would be headed by an assistant director.

He said the postal department would make use of aircraft, railways and
vehicles for the delivery of mails adding that the department was even
thinking of making use of its own aircraft.

Colonel Abdullahi said each of the present P & T territory with the exception
of Gongola must generate enough revenue to pay for all its recurrent expendi-
tures and made it clear that the one million Naira allocated to the Ministry
of Communication this year was only for the payment of salaries of staff in
the headquarters.

The Bauchi State Territorial Controller, Mr. Faboyade had told the minister
that Bauchi territory generated a revenue of 88,000 Naira a month while about
143,000 Naira was spent on salaries alone and appealed to the minister for
financial assistance.

The minister made it clear that the territory would not be given a kobo for
the payment of staff salaries and gave the controller a choice of either to

66



MOZAMBIQUE
Briefs
Shipping Project With Malawi, Tanzania
Swaziland-Maputo Road Project
NAMIBIA

Multiparty Conference Cites Goals
(DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 10 May 84) .esssecsccecsccccesseceseees

NIGER
Country's 1984 Defense Budget Detailed
(AFRIQUE DEFENSE, No 74, May 84) ...
Extent of Desert Encroachment in Various Regions Reported
(Ali Moussa Chaweye; SAHEL HEBDO, No 405, 21 May 84) ....
Briefs
Belgian Education Cooperation
NIGERIA

Vatsa: Ministries to Abuja by 1986, President by 1991
(Ibrahim Salihu; NEW NIGERIAN, 24 May 84) ...cceseseceees

Panel To Review Local Government System
(Nkem Agetua; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 May 84) ..ccscccecceeesees

Former Housing Head's Passport Retained Until After Testimony
(Alaye Genoba; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 May 84) .cssccssccceseeee

Government-Owned Steel Firms Under Fire From Staff Association
(BUSINESS TIMES, 28 May 84) .scccssscccccccccccucscecsees

Consumer Price Index Up 23 Percent
(Ngozi Ikeano; BUSINESS TIMES, 28 May 84) .s.cecseeceseee

Manufacturers: Fiscal Measures May Cripple Industries
(NEW NIGERIAN, 26 May 84) ..cccccccccececcsccccecaceveces

Paper Chides Niger for Damming Lamido River
(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 29 May 84) ..

Cadets Dismissed From Military Academy for Infractions
(NEW NIGERIAN, 21 May 84) ..

Abuja Budget Reportedly 100 Million Naira
(NEW NIGERIAN, 30 May 84) ..

Post, Telecommunications Department To Be Split
(Sani Haruna; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 May 84) ..

46
46

47

50

52

54

55

56

57

58

59

61

62

64

65

66



cso:

3400/1057

Commerce would. approve impor import
licence to the National
Power Authority (NEPA) for the
importation of electricity meters
if local oral production failed to
mest its demai
The minster a said should there
be whe peda meters or cut-outs
produce, the sningery woud
Pare Pre incor licence for NEPA
Dr Tukar said he had been
assessing the operations of in-
dustries in the country with a
view to determining their
suitability for import licence.
One of S companies that ein
been granted import licence
Kaduna, he said, was Pi
Automobile Nigeria (P. 0 )
Limited which satisfied the
government’s requirement of
emphasis on training local skilled
personnel and therefore got ap-
Proval for licence to the
of 70 Naira. .
we however | called on PAN to
‘ge its principals in France to
oeanise for long-term loan
some foreign exciange to fall
exchange
back on next year.

69



HUGE PHOSPHATE ROCK DEPOSIT SAID DISCOVERED IN SOKOTO

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 May 84 pp 1, 13

[Article by Twey Zakka and Waziri Garba]

[Text]

THE Federal Superhosphate Fertilizer Company
(FSFC) in Kaduna has discovered a huge deposit of
phosphate rock in Sokoto State which could
generate an annual foreign exchange saving of

about 60 million Naira.

Phosphate, the main raw material for the production of
superphosphate fertiliezer, is currently imported from Togo.
The general manager of the company, Alhaji Yushau Moham-
med Anka, told the visiting Minister of Commerce and In-
dustries, Dr. Mahmud Tukur yesterday that the quality of the

Sokoto phosphate rock had
been tested and found to be
of a similar quality to the
Togolese phosphate. -

Alhaji Yushau appealed to the
minister to look into the possibili-
ty of exploiting the Sokoto
Thosphate rock.

He also said the company could
produce sulphuric acid which in-
dustries had had to import if its
sulphuric acid plant was expand-

At present, he said, the com-
pany produced the acid for NNPC
refineries in Kaduna and Warri,
textile industries and battery in-
dustries.

Alhaji Yushau said the quality
and concentration of the com-
pany’s acid had been tested by
the leading international
chemical industry, I.C.1. London
and found to be of international
standard.

He believed there was no need
asecond sulphuric.acid plant for
the country since the Kaduna fer-
tilizer. plant could produce
‘enough to go round.

The general manager also
disclosed that the company nad
found a local raw material known
as kaolin, which. could replace
imported alumina for theproduc-
tion of filter alum for water treat-

ment.

He said kaolin discovered in
Kankara near Katsina cost half
the price of the imported
alumina, adding that filter alum
made from it was already being
supplied to Sokoto State Water
Board, the Command and Staff
College, Jaji, and Bauchi, Niger
and Kano states water boards.

Alhaji Yushau however said
that the ‘ion of alum and
hydrated lime was still on a pilot
scale and urged the Federal
Government to help guarantee a
loan the company was seeking
from commercial banks.

He added that a report on a
diversification programme of the
company would soon be submit-
ted to the government.

When he paid a courtesy call on
the Governor of Kaduna State,
Air Commodore Usman Mu’azu,
Dr. Tukur, said the Ministry of

68

NIGERIA



NIGERIA

OPEN-AIR PREACHING BANNED

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 May 84 p 32
{Article by Emmanuel Osisiogu]

[Text] OPEN-AIR preaching and issuance of permit for such purposes have been
banned throughout Kaduna State.

This was announced by the Kaduna State Governor, Air Commodore Usman Mu'azu,
while addressing a meeting of religious leaders at the Government House in
Kaduna.

Governor Usman Mu'azu stated that unguided utterances of religious preachers
in mosques and churches, radio and television and the activities of religious
organisations had given rise to several disturbances in the state.

He pointed out that such conflicts emanated from self inclination of some
preachers in an attempt to build a body of fellowship and achieve fame, power
and wealth.

Harmony

The governor remarked that some portions of some religious tests were given
emphasis in order to incite people with different religious bias to riot.

He did not see why moslems and christians in the country could not live to-
gether in peace and harmony when the two religions were derived from a common
source.

He gave the assurance that the government would take a critical view of ‘their
opinion in considering how best to foster peaceful co-existence among various
religious bodies.

cso: 3400/1058

71



CAPE VERDE

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY APPROVES NEW 'WATER LAw'
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 May 84 p 1

[Text] City of Praia--A water code which establishes the principle of public
ownership of all the country's water resources was approved by the Cape Verde
National People's Assembly.

The document stipulates as a basic principle that all water resources and all
hydraulic projects of collective interest belong to the state's public domain.

The second major principle of the bill submitted by the executive body and
approved by the assembly notes that the handling of water resources must be
carried out in a planned fashion.

The document states: "Without precluding the possibility of decentralization,
the administration of water on the national level is to be centralized."

That code was devised by the Cape Verdian jurists Renato Cardoso, Carlos Viega
and Oliveira Barros.

The Cape Verdian water code declares in its preamble that: "The decline in
the overall water level, without a statistically significant resupply from
the water tables, tends to put the country on the disturbing threshold of
a widespread water crisis." *

Water has become a resource "deserving of complete management," and is no
longer a resource "divided into a complex of differentiated functions."

For the "complete" management of water, the National Water Council will be
created, as an organ in which representatives of all the services performing
functions in the area of water will have a seat. .

At the same time, the National Water Registry and the Board of Water Resources
will be created.

The former will be assigned to register the location and identification of. all
the existing supplies of water and hydraulic projects, as well as all the legal
actions relating to water. The Board of Water Resources is the central agency

for execution in the realm of water resources.
2909

CSO: 3442/393

28



ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE DAILY ON SECURITY, RELATIONS WITH SOUTH AFRICA

Lisbon 0 DIABO in Portuguese 29 May 84 p 20

[Text] UNITA has launched new urban guerrilla actions in the

city of Huambo, former Nova Lisboa. The targets are now a
school for military cadres, a school for MPLA security services
and a residential district for senior officers of the govern-
ment forces and party officials, according to the latest communi-
que which we have received from that Angolan nationalist move~
ment.

In the last week in April, other installations in the city of Huambo were the
target of a dynamite attack, in which, according to the rebels, about 40 Cuban
and Soviet officers were killed. According to the same source, last week's
attacks resulted in the death of an MPLA security chief and 10 members of the
Cuban expeditionary force.

The communique adds that UNITA destroyed a supply convoy 40 kilometers from
Luso-Luena and attacked a government force in Mucussuege; in these two operations
the rebels inflicted over 170 casualties, in addition to 43 MPLA casualties

in other areas.

A previous communique had reported that, on 7 April, the MPLA, using military
detachments from the south of Angola (which were available because of the Lusaka
Accord between Luanda and Pretoria), launched a violent offensive against areas
in the east of the country which were occupied by UNITA. The offensive was
conducted along the Benguela Railroad by 15,000"FAPIA's" [Armed Forces for the
Popular Liberation of Angola] and a 3,500-man Cuban regiment. According to

the communique, the operation did not penetrate beyond a few dozen kilometers
into UNITA territory; the first assessment of the operation recorded a loss

of nearly 400 government soldters (including 45 Cubans), the destruction of

an MiG-21 and 3 helicopeters, as well as the loss of large quantities of weapons.
The rebel forces sustained 87 dead, 147 wounded and 12 missing in action.

In Luanda, the offensive launched against UNITA in April was announced, but

no mention was made of recapturing any territory. The government military spokes-
man would only report that the operations were conducted in 6 provinces, that

294 guerrillas were killed and that more than 2,000 people had been liberated

from UNITA control.

14



there will not be a repetition of instances of delays such as have already
occurred and continue to occur. Some actual examples: The Presidente Hotel,
the Sports Goal, the Athletes House, etc.

Another matter which deserves prompt attention from the various authorities

is related to the raw material to ensure the complete operation of the complex.
Regardless of how modern and large a factory may be, this means nothing if

it lacks what is to be used for manufacturing. In.this concrete instance,
cotton supplies would have to be arranged, so that when the work on the
complex is finished, it will be able to opérate so as to justify the nearly

3 million, or billion kwanzas ($100 million) spent on the undertaking, .

which is costing the country so much.

2909
CSO: 3442/393

20



movement, but the "orthodox" members of the MPLA are still firmly repressing
this trend. According to local observers, this explains the large number of
arrests of military commanders and party "cadres" which have occurred recently.

According to reports from Luanda, which have not been denied, those arrested
include Colonel Xietu, vice minister of defense, lieutenant colonels Bento Traca,
Gato and Tchizahinga and Colonel N'Dozo, former commander of the militarized
brigade of DISA [Directorate of Security and Intelligence], the regime's secret
police,

6362
CSO: 3442/387

16



CHAD

LIBYAN OCCUPATION OF BET TERRITORY DENOUNCED
N'Djamena AL-WATAN in French 12 May 84 p 2

[ext] This is a series of information columns on the
activities of the system of domination and the policy of
annexation of Chad by the fascist and hegemonic regime of
the lunatic. from Syrte.

This occupation of Chadian territory is a reality in the
Bourkou-Ennedi-Tibesti /BET/ prefecture.

If there is a major event capable of upsetting the admitted facts of the Libyan
aggression against our country, it is indeed the revolt, at the beginning of
last April, by the people of the BET against the invader, with some 50 Libyan
soldiers and officers being taken hostage.

That men, women and children rise up against the entire Libyan war machine,
without any other means of defense except the sole will to live free, the

matter is most revealing. It proves that the weapons superiority that enabled
Libya to occupy northern Chad and to consider this country, in defiance of
international standards, as its "natural extension" might well become ineffective
one day. It proves that occupying our cities, bombarding their people and
imposing on them the law of the strongésti is not enough /as published/.

Libya, which is doubtless aware of the history of the Vietnam of yesterday or
of the Afghanistan of today, where the ferocious Red Army is coming up against
the determination of ill-armed resistance fighters, indeed knows that there are
no weapons more formidable than nationalist feeling.

Disarmed, subjected to food shortages and to subhuman conditions by the Libyan
Army, the people of Bardai and Zouar have told us by this revolt, which must
have a symbolic value, of their membership in a single national community.

Such a symbolic act that has let a good number of impartial observers know that
in northern Chad, there is a -nationalistc reawakening, a reawakening brought
about by the annexation of the north of our country.

Membership in the same national community is, moreover, the credo of the entire
policy of the government of the Third Republic.

29



To be sure, the decisions made by the assembly are only a drop in the ocean
of difficulties, which seem to be endless. However, the intentions are still
good, although it must be required that the measures be scrupulously upheld,
and that there be increasing ambition to carry out the decisons; because
there are actually chances for certain channelsto be easily circumvented.

2909
CSO: 3442/393

11



ZIMBABWE

MUGABE COMMENTS ON SOUTH AFRICAN DESTABILIZATION
Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Jun 84 p 1

[Text] THE Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, has disclosed that South Africa is
regularly disrupting Zimbabwe's transport links with Mozambique.

He also says South Africa is acting as an agent of imperialist forces which
want to ensure that Southern Africa becomes their sphere of influence.

The Prime Minister made the remarks in an interview with the editor of a
Third World quarterly magazine, South, published in its May edition.

He said South Africa still maintained its strategy to destabilise Zimbabwe,
not only by supporting the "so-called Super-Zapu group" but also by supporting
operations which would have the direct effect of harming Zimbabwe's economy.

"On a weekly basis," he said, "there are one or two incidents completely dis-
organising the transport system which serves us.

"That has a dual purpose. First to destabilise the economy and prevent our
exports and imports from flowing smoothly and therefore inhibiting our de-
velopment programme.

"Second, it is also an attempt to divert us to the South African rail system,
to prevent us from using the Mozambican system much more."

He stressed, however, that South Africa's acts of aggression and destabilisa-
tion against neighbouring black independent states could never sustain the
apartheid system.

Bloodshed

The liberation struggle in South Africa, Cde Mugabe said, was going to gain
momentum and if South Africa did not take action quickly, "there is going to
be bloodshed there".

The Prime Minister also said that there was "no doubt at all" that South Africa

was acting as an agent of imperialist forces which wanted to ensure that the
Southern Africa region became their sphere of influence.

83



NIGERIA

NIGERIAN STUDENTS STRANDED IN BULGARIA

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 May 84 p 24

[Article by Agbeke Ogunsanwo]

[Text] MANY Nigerian students are now stranded in Bulgaria.

Some of them have been sent out of their various institutions for almost two
years now, because they failed their sessional examinations or failed to at-
tain the required number of tutorials.

They have since been sent out of their halls of residence, have had all allow-
ance stopped and now live on the goodwill of friends.

A few others, six of them who have finished their courses and are already
armed with their certificates are also stranded.

In their own case, they are awaiting their return tickets from either the.
Federal Ministry of Education or the different state governments on whose
sponsorship they went to Bulgaria.

According to one of them, "We finished our final since March and we have in-
timated the Federal Ministry of Education about this. But up till now we have
not heard anything.

"You know, we have no embassy here in Bulgaria but make use of our Embassy in
Rumania. And each time we have to travel to Rumania for our complaints.

The students officer in Rumania told us that he would try his best to get our
tickets but nothing positive has been heard from him since March.

"May be if the ambassador had not been reaclled home after the change of gov-
ernment, things might not have been so bad with us.

It will be recalled that at the change of government, all ambassadors were
recalled by the new administration. The Nigerian Ambassador in Rumania who
was also in charge of Bulgaria, Alhaji Gadau has since returned home.

cso: 3400/1057
70



VATSA:

MINISTRIES TO ABUJA BY 1986, PRESIDENT BY 1991

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 May 84 pp 1, 13

[Article by Ibrahim Salihu]

{Text ]

cso:

3400/1041

FEDERAL ministries are to move to Abuja in 1986
and the Head of State in 1991 — if our financial
situation improves, according to the Minister of the
Federal Capital, Major-General Mamman Vatsa.

General Vatsa told newsmen at Birnin-Kebbi, Sokoto State,
that the development of the capital would be based on the
amount of money the government could give to the Ministry

of Federal Capital Territory.

He was at Birnin-Kebbi to
present 4 paper, ‘The Making
and Building of Abuja’ as part
of the activities marking the
fourth convocation ceremony
‘of the Sokoto State Polytech-
nic, Birnin-Kebbi,. ‘scheduled
for next Saterday.

He said 53 million Naira had
been paid out as compensation
for resettlement, adding that 43
million Naira was paid to three
states, Kwara, Niger and Plateau
out of which the capital was carv-
ed out.

General Vatsa said the remain-
ing 10.2 million Naira was paid
drectly to the persons who chose
to stay within the territory. He
said so far 1.6 million Naira
mobilisation fees was recovered
from errant contractors.

The minister said a committee
was already looking into the issue
of abandoned contracts_and was
going into a second stage of ex-
amining job quality. .

He said the issue of river blind-
ness in Abuja was exaggerated.
‘There were other parts of the
country which had a high rate of
threat from river blindness than
Abuja which had 0.5 per cent, he
said.

In an earlier speech, General

55

Vatsa said the capital was still
being planned when former
President Shehu Shagari fixed a
period of three years for the
movement of ministries to Abuja.
He said the masterplan of the
capital had provided for a target
population of 1.5 million when ful-
ly developed by the year 2000.

He said the movement an-
ticipated in 1986 envisaged a total
of 150,000 inhabitants, adding that
the plan envisaged six persons
per house which prompted the
construction of 25,000 housing
units.

Those units so far committed
and were either completed or at
arious stages of completion fell
far short of the target, he
remarked.

The minister said there were
now 7,848 completed units, made
up of 3,793 in Garki district, 3,869
in Wuse District and 186 in
Asokoko and Maitama districts.
There were also additional 2,204
houses ranging from two to four
bedrooms in Gwagwalada and

other parts of the territory being:

handled by the Ministry of
Federal Capital Territory, 6,112
one-room units at Nyanya being
handled by FCDA and 775 units of
two to four bedrooms and flats at
Karu New Town also being handl-
ed by the FCDA.

NIGERIA



cs0: 3400/1073

one of the protocols. Thus,
progress in the implementa-
tion of the protocols has
been remarkably slow.
Although Article 2(1) of
the protocol states that “the
community citizens have the
right to enter, reside and
establish in the territory of
member states’, Article 2(2)
qualifies it. According to the
latter:
The right of entry, residence
and establishment... shall be
progressively established in
the course of a maximum
transitional period of 15:
years from the definitive en-
try into force of this Protocol
by abolishing all other obsta-
cles to free movement of
persons residence and estab-
lishment (Article 2(2)).
The protocol left no doubt
as to how and when to
achieve the right of entry,
residence and establishment.
It is proposed to be accom-
plished in three phases over a
period of the protocol. It

came into force on May 24,°

1980, when Senegal, the 7th
country, ratified. Therefore,
the operative time-table, as
envisaged for the attainment
of full free mobility of factors
of production would look
like this:

Phase I — Right of Entry
and Abolition of Visa: 1980-

85

Phase II — Right of Resi-
dence: 1985-90

Phase III — Right of Estab-
lishment: 1990-95.

Even the transition from one
phase to another in the
above schedule is not auto-
matic.

What clearly emerges from
the foregoing is that ECO-
WAS countries are still in the
first phase of the General

Principles on Movement of
Persons, Residence and
Establishment. And, ipso
facto, any citizen of the com-
munity who wishes to enter
the. territory of any other
member states is required
under Article 3(2) of the
protocol to possess valid
travel document and interna-
tional health certificate. Be-
sides, such a citizen must
enter through the official en-
try point free of visa require-
ments but cannot stay longer
than ninety (90) days without
requesting and obtaining
permission for extension. In-
deed, there is even an escape
clause (Article 4) which
empowers member states to
refuse admission into their
territory any community
citizen who comes within the
category of inadmissable im-
migrants under its laws.

One important conclusion
from the above provisions of
the treaty and protocol on
the subject under considera-
tion is that the bulk of the
more recent population
movements in West Africa
took place outside the
framework of the ECOWAS
treaty and protocol. For a
careful study of the recent
influx of the Guineans into
Sierra Leone and Liberia or
the Voltaics, Malians and
Ghanaians into Ivory Coast
or, particularly, the Gha-
naians into Nigeria reveals
that most of these immig-
rants entered their host
country without any valid
Papers at all.

(To be continued).

r, Uka Ezenwe is of the
Department of Economics,
Ahmadu Bello University,
Zaria.



forced to operate far away, because of the port's shallow depth. The director
also cited the poor condition of the paving in the port area, as the underly-—
ing cause of the early deterioration of the available vehicles; and complained
of the small number (only three) of ship-to-shore connections, and vice versa,
whereas the port requires seven. However, in his view one of the most urgent
jobs to be accomplished is the repair of the bridge dock, before it collapses
completely. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 May 84 p 3] 2909

ODP COMBATANTS DESTROY CANP~-Troops of the ODP [People's Defense Organization]
of Londuimbali Municipio, Huambo Province, who are engaged in operations for
the total annihilation of the bandits in the service of imperialism and South
Africa, recently destroyed a base which the lackeys were attempting to set up
in this area, the Angolan news agency ANGOP has learned from an official source.
That operation netted weapons, hand grenades, G-3 clips and duffel bags contain-
ing uniforms and boots. In a cleanup operation, the ODP troops also neutralized
six collaborators and captured a bandit known as "Aspirante." [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DF ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 May 84 p 12] 6362

CSO: 3442/387

26



NIGERIA

PAPER CHIDES NIGER FOR DAMMING LAMIDO RIVER
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 29 May 84 p 3
(Editorial in the "DAILY TIMES Opinion" column: "Nigeria and Her Neighbours"

[Text] THE Republic of Niger, like our other neighbours, shares with us a
long history of close economic, cultural and religious ties. In spite of the
artificial boundaries that today politically divide the people of Africa, the
special relations between Niger and Nigeria have not unduly suffered.

For instance, a network of Nigerian highways and railways linking the nation's
sea-ports service Niger, a land-locked country, in her trade with the outside
world. Besides, our enormous energy needs notwithstanding, this our sister
African country looks up to us for much of her supply of electricity. Niger-
ia, on the other hand, buys a good proportion of her exportable cattle.

So important has the priority accorded this cordial bilateral relation become
over the years that the two nations established the Nigeria-Niger Commission
to oversee their mutual interests. The commission drew up a pact, to which
both countries were signatories, that requires them to inform each other
whenever either of them plans a project near their common border.

Those were well-thought-out provisions written into the pact in the interest
of good neighbourliness. Recently, however, that country dammed the Lamido, a
river running from her territory to ours, without prior information to
Nigeria. Sokoto State which is home to the Lamido in Nigeria had before now
created a lake from it for her irrigation needs. Eager to turn the lake to a
tourist resort, the state government is currently building a hotel by it.

With the Republic of Niger's unilateral damming of the Lamido, the Sokoto
State's drive to boost agriculture and tourism has been significantly aborted
and a lot of the tax-payer's money forced down the drain.

Surely, Niger's action is a violation of the mutual understanding and co-oper-
ation existing between her and Nigeria for years. Coming from a country on
which Nigeria has gone out of her way to commit much of her resources and at-
tention, Niger's action brings into question the worth of our huge expenses on
external relations in Africa, which is often said to be the centre piece of
our foreign policy.

62



CADETS DISMISSED FROM MILITARY ACADEMY FOR INFRACTIONS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 21 May 84 p 1

[Text ]

|
cso:

TWENTY-FIVE cadets of the
Nigerian Defence Academy,
A) some of them with a few
weeks to graduation were
dsmis from the institution
last Friday.

Ten other cadets were
relegated, but their names were
mA Scording to the Publi

ic
Relations Department, the
cadets were found guilty of
flouting what was described as
“Academy Standing Orders,
absenteeism, maltreatment and
disgraceful conduct.” .
Cadets A. M. Adeyemi and A.

A. John were dismissed for “‘ill--

treatment” of junior cadets.
Cadets U. A. Titima, M. J. Hope,
A.B. Biu, J. S. Kadiri, J. A. Iliya,
M. G, Abdul, B. B. Dili, H. R.
Hanafi, F. Nkoma, 8. J. Alhaji,
G.S. i-Onowi, I. L. Maigida,
Y. N. Balarabe, N. R. Ayandiya,
A. E. Oyewole and I. ssan
were dismissed for ‘‘disobe-
dience and failure to perform
military duties.”

Cadets 0. B. Okeowo, S. O.

3400/1041

64

Aina, B. Sosany: 1. Z. Audu, J.
W. Oko and P. Y. Vantsawa were
dismissed for gonduets likely to
judice mi ipline ant
re Akpan for absentevism.
The dismissed cadets were
assembled at the NDA parade
ground last Friday and given the
marching order by the Comman-
gant, Major-General Paul C. Tar-

General Tarfa said he had used
the dismissal of the 25 cadets as a
deterrent to the other cadets “if
they wish to complete their
courses successfully.”

The commandant said the
primary duty of the academy was
to produce seasoned, dedicated
and disciplined officers, ‘not
half-baked, disobedient and
fraudulent elements that would
tub filth on the highly esteemable
officer corps of the armed
forces.”

He warned staff and cadets in
the spirit of the “War Against in-
discipline, (WAI), to shun in-
discipline.”

NIGERIA



ABUJA BUDGET REPORTEDLY 100 MILLION NAIRA

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 30 May 84 p ‘16

[Text]

CSO:

THE. Minister. of Federal

Capital Territory, Major’

General Mamman Vatsa,
yesterday In Abuja announc-
ed a budget of 100 million
Naira for-the territory.

It-ls made up of 42,680,450
Naira’ recurrent and
6,400,000 Naira. capital ex-
penditure. S :

‘He said an estimated

‘surplus of 911,550 Naira would

be carried forward to next
year: He named the budget a

foundation budget—being the .

first since the territory was,
created in 1976.

The Federal Military Govern-

ment, he said, had approved the - .

establishment of a consolidated
revenue fund for the FCT in
which all revenues accruing to
the territory would be paid to en-

sure control and manage-
ment of finances.

General Vatsa noted that
though the FCT started receiving
statutory allocatioin from the
Federation Account since 1980,
the mandatory consolidated
revenue fund was not set up till
now, adding that there had been
~ proper budget for the ter-

He said the FCT’s main source
of revenue was its share from the
Federation Account which was 98
‘million Naira, including ‘19
million Naira as FCT local
governments’ shares.

He added that two million

3400/1057

Naira would be. raised locally
from motor liceiices and court-
fees and fines.

The break-down of the budget
showed that the tment of,
Education has the lion share of
24,352,000 Naira; Public Works
15,710,000 Naira; Health and
Social Welfare 13,881,950 Naira;
‘Agriculture’ 10,400,000 Naira and
Finance and. Economic Affairs

4,403,000. , ;

Other departments are the
Judiciary 3,024,000 Naira; Ad-
ministration 2,903,000 Naira;
Local Governments 2,152,000
Naira; Legal De it 310,000
Naira; Minister's Office 50,000
Naira and contingencies 2,200,000
Naira.

He announced that there were a

total of 13. post-primary and 190
primary school in the territory’

with a total enrolment of .9,267
and 42,177 pupils, respectively.
During the year, he said, em-
phasise would be geared towards.
the provision of functional and

essential facilities for all schools’

and to equip them with enough
teaching aids and science equip-
ment. .

On agriculture, he said it had
beeri proposed to clear and
utilise 20 hectares of land in each
of the local governments in Abu-
ja, in addition to the establish-
ment of three poultry projects,
four veterinary clinics, a cattle
ranch, a farm centre, afforesta:.
tion and seed multiplication cen-
tres and clearance of. five hec-
tares of land in each of the post
primary schoolss for school
‘farms. :

65

NIGERIA



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

TWO FAPLA SOLDIERS SENTENCEB--Six persons sentenced on charges of embezzlement
and drug use were sentenced last Saturday to terms ranging between 6 months
and 2 years by the 9th Region Military Court in N'Dalatando. They are
Lourenco Domingos Francisco and Domingos Pascoal, FAPLA [People's Armed
Forces for the Liberation of Angola] soldiers who were sentenced to 18

and 6 months, respectively, for drug use. They were also fined 6,500

and 5,500 kwanzas, respectively. The criminal Manuel Correia who was
arrested while transporting medication worth 120,000 kwanzas acquired on

the black market from Luanda to Maquela do Zombo, was sentenced to 15

months in prison and a fine of 63,000 kwanzas. The confiscated medication
was turned over to the provincial delegation of North Kwanza of the

Ministry of Health. Octavio Jose Frias, a former domestic trade official,
was sentenced to 2 years and 4 months in prison and a fine of 135,000
kwanzas for having taken 55.crates of powdered milk in 1982. His
accomplices, Eduardo Manuel Francisco and Mateus Jose, were sentenced to

2 years and 10 months and a fine of 150,000 kwanzas and 45 days respectively.
The court was presided over by 2nd Lt Salvador Silva, judge of the Military
Court of the Ninth Region and the prosecutor was 2nd Lt Ricardo Joaquim.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 83 May 84 p 3] 5058

NEW ODP COMBATANTS~-Several hundreds of workers, who had been getting combat
training for several months in order to join the ODP (People's Defense
Organization), will be sworn in this coming month of June, ANGOP [ANGOLAN ©
PRESS AGENCY] was told in the city of Lubango. Joao Pedro, ODP commander,
said that the future activities of the new fightingmen would consist of

garrisoning their places of work. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese

23 May 84 p 3] 5058

COMANDANTE DANGEREUX BRIGADE OPERATIONS--Joao Apolinario Domingos, secretary for

the Department of Education and Instruction of the Party Youth Provincial
Committee told ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY] that 53 young men. who belong
to the "Comandante Dangereux" Youth Instruction Brigade are teaching in
the Province of Northern Kwanza. In an interview given on the occasion

23



PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION PROBLEMS DISCUSSED

Kaduna THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY in English 13 May 84 p 3

[Article by Zachee Nzoh:

[Text]

HIS year, marking the

20th “anniversary of

the union between
Tanganyika and Zanzibar
culminating in the creation of
the United Republic of Tan-
zania, comes with indications
of a threatening schism in the
union and an almost certain
leadership vacuum.

This year's initial political
bad omen for Tanzania arose
from a proposal by the
National Executive Council
(NEC) of the ruling Chama
Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) (Par-
ty of the Revolution) to
amend the union constitu-
tion. It Was clear from the
onset that the leadership of
the party favoured only two
separate governments — one
for the island and another for
the united republic — an
idea which Nyerere main-
tains, was the original agree-
ment between him and Zan-
zibar’s first president, Sheikh
Abeid Amani Karume, who
was assassinated in 1972
alledgedly by leftist Umma
partymen opposed to the un-
ton.

Against this, opposition
leaders on the island argue
that the original agreement
that established the union

TANZANIA

"Tanzania's Presidency Vacuum"]

provided for three separate
governments — one for the
island, another for the main-
land and a third for the un-
ited republic.

Zanzibar’s Chief Minister,
Ramadhani Haji Faki,
emphasised that: “The par-
ties to the agreement were
the Government of Tangany-
ika and the Government of
Zanzibar, and so.far as the
articles of the union are con-
cerned, they remain so.
There is no Way of by-passing
them without wrecking the
agreement and so automati-
cally dissolving the union”,
According to him, the CCM
was not party to the agree-
ment and as such cannot
interfere with jit.

The tension ensuing from
the disagreement culminated
in the sudden resignation of
Zanzibar’s second president
and vice-president of Tanza-
nia, Aboud Jumbe Mwinyi,
on January 29 this year. The
election of Ali Hassan
Mwinyi as successor to
Jumbe and subsequent
appointment as Nyerere’s
vice-president, has not
erased the fear of domina-
tion that has already en-
gulfed the islanders.

75

Various pronouncements
by Wolfgang Dourado and
Ghanaian-born Attorney-
General and Minister of Jus-
tice, Bashir Ebassuah Kwaw-
Swanzy, both very close
aides to Jumbe, have had
poisonous effects on the
health of, the union. This,
coupled with the increasing
number of. Zanzibaris
opposed to continuation of
the union and recent revela-
tions that both Nyerere and
Karume were either lured or
tricked into negotiating the
union by imperialist forces,
gives Tanzanians nightmares
about the future of their un-
ited republic. The night-
mares have been heightened
recently due to the fact that,
next year Tanzania will be
missing the charismatic per-
sonality of Mwalimo Julius
Kambarage Nyerere, who
has already indicated his de-
sire to relinguish the job he
has held since independence.
And with the traumatic
death of Mr Edward
Sokoine, hitherto Prime
Minister and heir apparent to
the Mwalimo, the succession
question in Tanzania poses
an even greater threat to the
continual existence of the un-
ion.



Towns Directed To Form Cooperative Bodies
(Harare Domestic Service, 9 Jun 84) .

Briefs
Care in Awarding Contracts
Official Denies Harrassing ZAPU
"Food for Work' Program



Huge Phosphate Rock Deposit Said Discovered in Sokoto
(Twey Zakka, Waziri Garba; NEW NIGERIAN, 26 May 84) .......

Nigerian Students Stranded in Bulgaria
(Agbeke Ogunsanwo; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 May 84) .sccesecceecees

Open-Air Preaching Banned
(Emmanuel Osisiogu; DAILY TIMES, 30 May 84) .csccesescacees

Only Five Well-Known Oil Companies To Handle Bunkering
(Editorial; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 May 84) ..ccsecccsscceccaecces

Corn Shortage Hits Poultry Farms
(Chris Nnoli; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 May 84) ..ssesecsececeeceees

Cattle Production Down Because of Lack of Funds
(Dupe Motojehi; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 May 84) ....seceeeeeveeees

TANZANIA

Presidential Succession Problems Discussed
(Zachee Nzoh; THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY, 13 May 84) ..ccsscseceee

UGANDA

Army Reportedly Bans Relief Supplies as Rebels Make Gains
(AFRICA NOW, No 38, Jun 84) Seem ee ree ree n een eee ceserecenee

Zimbabwean Tank Cars for Ugandan Railways
€Ndyakira Amoot; THE PEOPLE, 21 May 84) .cccessececcececces

Briefs
Government Admits Churchmen's Killings
Loans Available for Small-Scale Industries
Misunderstanding Reported in Muslim Council
ZIMBABWE

Mugabe Comments on South African Destabilization
(THE HERALD, 4 Jun 84) .esessccccessscceecceceesssseseeeees

Railways To Electrify Line to Maputo
(THE HERALD, 4 Jun 84) .scscccesccccvscccesscceesseeeesenes

Palm Oil Project Planned
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 May 84) ..sccccescececceccecevce

ZTA Chairman Comments on Good Future of Tobacco. Industry
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 May 84) .cccsccceccecccacccecccs

70

71

72

73

74

75

77

83

85

86

87


ANGOLA

MALANJE ASSISTANT COMMISSIONER ON ENERGY, COMMUNITY SERVICES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 May 84 p3

[Text of interview with Cristovao Domingos da Cunha, assistant commissioner
of Malanje Province, by ANGOP, date and place not supplied]

{Text] In an interview with the Angolan news agency ANGOP,
Cristovao Domingos da Cunha, assistant commissioner of Malanje
Province, examined the current status of the sectors which he
coordinates; namely, community services and energy. Following
is the text of the interview. .

ANGOP: Would you give us a general assessment of the activities conducted in
the sectors under your coordination?

C.C.: As a member of the Malanje Provincial Commission, I coordinate the ‘energy
and community service sector. It is not very easy to talk about either one
of them because they are so complex, : .

As you know, the Directorate of Community Services was created recently in the
province, and it is confronted with countless problems, such as the lack of
material and human resources to meet the demands of the municipios and communes.
Despite all the problems, we are making an effort, and anyone who observes the
daily life in the city must be aware of this.

The effort and attention that have been given to the problems with the water "
supply, to cleaning the streets, tending the parks and’so on is quite ‘evident.
On the other hand, it is very true that this effort often goes unrecognized,
By recognition, I do not mean praise for what we are doing, but respect for
the effort that has gone into it.

For example, all the city parks are tended with great care, and they are easily
ruined by individuals who go through them, trampling the beds and picking the
flowers. In many homes we see faucets left turned on, wasting a lot of water,
which shows that the people are not being saving with our resoureea.

ANGOP: And how are things in the energy sector?

12



Against these benefits to
the labour exporters are, at
least, three sets of costs: (a)
Costs of loss of output (with-
drawal of a few skilled work-
ers at the margin can severe-
ly impair certain industries;
(b) costs of additional educa-
tion and training to replace
the emigrating workers; and
(c) forgone output of the
unskilled labour under train-
ing. As for the labour im-
porting countries the gains of
the exporters constitute the
losses of the former. Because
of the danger of the displace-
ment of workers in the host
country, pressures on social
services, particularly hous-
ing, medical and education,
and, sometimes, increase in

crime wave, governments -

often intervene to bring the
alien population to a cultur-
ally and economically toler-
able level.

Article 2 (2d) and 27 (1,2)
of the Treaty of the Econo-
mic Community of West
African States (ECOWAS)
recognise the need to main-
tain, if not encourage, intra-
regional migration as a way
of rationalising and optimis-
ing resource use by states at
the regional level. But the
treaty also realises its limits;
hence the Protocol relating
to-free Movement of Per-
sons, Residence and Estab-
lishment clearly and meticu-
lously stipulates how to
handle the delicate issue
without excessive costs to
both the labour exporters
and the importers.

Sub-paragraph (d) of para-
graph 2 of Article 2 says:
“The Community shall by
states ensure the abolition as
between the member states
of the obstacles to the free
movement of persons, ser-
vices and capital”. Furth-
ermore, paragraph 1 of Arti-
cle 27 confers the status of

community citizenship on the
citizens of member statés and
also enjoins member states
to abolish all obstacles to
freedom of movement and
residence within the com-
munity. Realising the im-
plications of Article 27 (1),
Article 27 (2) categorically
states: “Member states shall
by agreements with each
other exempt community
citizens from holding visitors’
visas and residence permits
and allow them to work-and
undertake commerical and
industrial activities within
their territories

The above citations bring
out two distinct things. First,
the treaty provides for the
free movement of persons,
residence and establishment;
and second, it recognises that
these cannot be automatic
hence the qualifications im-
plied in the use of the terms:
“by stages” and “by agree-
ments with each other’.
However, the treaty did not
spell out in detail the stages
to.be followed and the time-
table for the mutual agree-
ments. These details were
left for a Protocol, which was
later annexed to the Treaty,
to fill‘in.

The Protocol on Free
Movement of Persons was
signed in Dakar on 29 May,
1979. But it did not come
into force until over a year
later when it was ratified by
at least seven states. It is
pertinent to point out here
that of all the protocols
signed since 1978 only the
one on free movement of
persons has been ratified by
the required’ number of
states for it to enter into
force. Six members have rati-
fied none of the protocols,
two have ratified four, five
have ratified three, one has
ratified two, and two mem-
ber states have ratified only



"To withstand what they allege is a threat of communist expansion, South
Africa has used this to great advantage and their message to the West is that
they are fighting communism and the West must therefore support them."

Cde Mugabe criticised the United States' policy of "constructive engagement"
in South Africa, saying all it had proved was that it was a "destructive en-
gagement",

The Prime Minister said South Africa's operations and strategy in Southern
Africa had been a "great source of worry to us".

“We have had to divert our resources to create greater defences because we
have a neighbour who knows no international law, a neighbour whose own aggres-
sive instinct has been thrusting into our territories, and a neighbour who is
promoting dissident activities across the border from the Atlantic Ocean to
the Indian Ocean."

Country

Turning to Angola, the Prime Minister called for an unconditional withdrawal
of South African troops from that country.

"They are invaders, they are aggressors, they violated international law
and must just withdraw unconditionally."

Cde Mugabe said that until his Government was satisfied that South Africa had
Physically withdrawn, "we cannot conclude that any withdrawal has taken place
or is taking place".

The movement by South Africa-~if there was going to be any movement at all--to

withdraw its troops from Angola, he said, would be very welcome if it were
genuine.

On Friday the Angolan news agency Angop reported that South African troops
had left the (Cunene Province capital of Omdjiva, which they had occupied
since August 1981.

"It might just be a gimmick...to try to satisfy some of its critics in the
West," he said. "Or is it just a political gimmick to give itself some degree
of support from its Western allies and yet clandestinely, one way or another
to continue operations on a subdued basis in Angola?"

South Africa must cease giving support to the Unita rebel movement and then
work in accordance with the United Nations Resolution 435 for the independence
of Namibia, he added.

cso: 3400/1088

84



UGANDA

ARMY REPORTEDLY BANS RELIEF SUPPLIES AS REBELS MAKE GAINS

London AFRICA NOW in English No 38, Jun 84 pp 70-71

[Text] Uganda is facing the prospect of a general

election in the near future, as the
government’s weak grip on the country’s
security seems to be slipping still further.

President Milton Obote is considerin;
the possibility of a snap election soon, b:
on the assumption that the opposition
Democratic Party (DP) will not take part.
The DP boycotted recent by-elections
because it was dissatisfied with the electoral
arrangements. A DP motion moving
amendments to the Constitution over the
conduct of elections was recently defeated
in Parliament.

It is widely believed that the last general
election in 1980 was rigged in Obote’s
favour by a military commission headed by
Paulo Muwanga, now Vice-President. One
of the DP’s defeated reform Is was
for an independent, multi-party electoral
commission.

The DP’s leader, Paul Ssemogerere, has
also launched a new atepy ir peace,”
which includes a call for dialogue between
all factions in Uganda, including the anti-
government guerrillas. The idea was first
mooted last year by Cardinal Francis
Nsubuga but rejected out of hand by Obote
as an insult to the Us le.”

the longer term Ssemogerere argues
for an amnesty for all anti government
errillas and a corresponding indemnity
for government officials and soldiers for
actions carried out in the war against the
rebels. In the shorter term Ssemogerere
argues: “Dialogue with guerrillas should
not be seen as an act of surrender and defeat
but as a noble decision made with the
purpose of bringing to a speedy end the
current human suffering in our country and
Paving the way for peace in future.”

The National Resistance Army (NRA),
the main guerrilla group, seems to
recognise that it is never likely to achieve
victory over Obote in the same way as Idi
Amin was overthrown. Ultimately
concessions will be achieved at the
negotiating table and not by the victorious

illas streaming into the streets of
Kampala,

Obote, on the other hand, has so far been
reluctant to admit that he too is unlikely to
win a military victory. However, ‘the’
security situation has declined markedly
since dismissed Cardinal Nsubuga’s
Proposal a year ago. In particular the last six
months have seen a number of
developments which show how the

vernment is losing its grip:

1 Suthorties cut off all

In April mili
supplies to Luwero District, where
tens of thousands of people have been

displaced from their homes and rely on
emergency relief, Africa Now has learned
exclusively.

el January a umber of Red | Cross
personnel were kidnapped NRA
within the “Luwero trian; ot taken to
rebel-controlled areas and then released.
ein Fe the NRA overran Masindi
barracks, ing a large haul of arms and
capturing two Tanzanian soldiers.

eln January Karamojong warriors killed
about 100 soldiers sent to “disarm” them.
Since then the army has mounted a major
punitive operation in the area. .
@ In December 1983 members of the youth
wing of the ruling Uganda People’s
Congress (UPC) drove some 3,000 ethnic
Rwandans from their homes in the Masaka
area and across the border into Tanzania.
* The decision to cut off food relief to
Luwero District was potentially the most
destructive of these measures. Relief

agencies estimate that in the past 18 months .

or so some 150,000 people have been

displaced from their homes in the army

, counter-insurgency operation and moved to

large camps. Their only sources of food

have been what they can forage around the

sapriet World Food Programme aid and a
supplementary feedin rogramme run

" the Save the ildren Fun . ”

In April the military authorities decided

to stop all food going into the district,

leaving people to forage for themselves.

77



Trans-Africa Highway, which covers 6,250 km. starts from Mombasa, then pas-
ses through Kenya, Uganda, Zaire, Central African Republic, Cameroon and
Nigeria to Lagos. It has feeder routes with a total of 13,000 kn. They
emanate from Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, Congo Republic, Gabon and Equitorial

Guinea. The Authority has its headquarters in Bangui, Central African Repub-
lic.

cso: 3400/1068

80:



positive, considering the brief existence of the sector, which could facilitate
the tasks of the Political Bureau, the Central Comittee and the party provincial
committees,

“Based on this document, we are going to do everything possible to improve the
appearance of our department," he explained.

Noting that his department has a word to say in the production of material goods
for the well-being of the people, to build a new type of society, Andre Petroff
alerted the participants to the "need to fight without truce against the tendency
to bureaucratize the party, and to arrive at better guidelines, which should

be done in the field and not in the offices, because it is in the field that

the day-to-day probtems can be ascertained and the solutions can be found."

Attending the closing session of the second national meeting of the departments
for the praductive sector were Jose Carlos Ilenga (Explosiva), coordinator of

the Lunda~Sul sector and member of the Party Central Committee, Justino Fernandes,
vice minister of industry, and the directors of the Central Committee departments
of Agroindustry, Inergy and Communications.

At the end of the meeting, the conferees approved a motion of support for President
Jose Eduardo dos Santos, for the clarity, intelligence and political clear-
headedness with which he has overseen the destiny of the party and the nation.

The motion also condemned the imperialist circles which continue to support

the activities of our enemies, aimed at the political and economic destabilization
of our country. The participants endorsed the statement from the last session

of the Central Committee on the "situation in southern Africa," and praised

all the internationalists, particularly the Cubans, who have shared with us

in the tasks of national reconstruction.

The motion appealed to the workers, particularly party members, to engage fully
in carrying out the national plan, especially the emergency programs,

6362
CSO: 3442/387

18



244116

“JPRS- SSA- 84- 075

28 June 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

DPre Waxy

OS “sss08t0 85

FOREIGN | BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

"REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
| INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
‘Approved for Public Release
ition Unlimited ee



UGANDA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT ADMITS CHURCHMEN'S KILLINGS--THE Ugandan Government has confirmed
Press reports that government troops killed churchmen at a seminary near
Nairobi and said that those responsible would be arrested. Ugandan Radio,
monitored in the Kenyan capital, said that the government had learned with
deep regret of the killing of churchmen at Namugongo, 15 kilometres east of
Kampala. It was the government's first comment on Press reports of the
killings, which took place last week. [Excerpt] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in
English 31 May 84 p 9]

LOANS AVAILABLE FOR SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRIES--THE Minister of Industry Dr
Adonia Tiberondwa has called on all Ugandans interested in starting small-
scale industries to freely apply for industrial licences and loans.
Tiberondwa said this while he was addressing administrators and businessmen
in Masaka recently. The loans to develop projects are available at Uganda
Commercial Banks on easy terms and shall be given irrespective of political,
religious or tribal status, he said. He therefore encouraged owners of small-
scale industries to apply for loans to enable them modernise their industries
or start new ones. Tiberondwa noted with appreciation, the good yield of
bricks, and tiles, fruits, stone quarries, woodwork and grain milling indus-
tries in the Masaka area. He stressed that the government does not discrin-
inate but gives every one chance to participate in national development. He
emphasised on the importance of small-scale industries which he said will not
only improve on the income of persons but also the standard of living. [Text]
[Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 12 May 84 p 3]

MISUNDERSTANDING REPORTED IN MUSLIM COUNCIL--The Mufti of Uganda Sheikh
Abdulrazak Matovu has ordered that the offices of the splinter group led by
Sheikh Kassim Mulumba should close down with immediate effect. The Mufti
was acting on the directives of the Saudi-based World Muslim League, which
last week sent him a letter authorising him to order the closure of the of-
fices. The misunderstanding in the Muslim Supreme Council started in 1983,
when Sheikh Kassim Mulumba sent a letter of resignation to the Council which
it accepted. The Executive Committee of the Supreme Council then elected
Sheikh Obed Kamulegeya to replace him. However, misunderstanding soon sur-
faced in the Muslim body when Sheikh Mulumba said he had reversed his resig-
nation and would still like to remain Chief Kadhi. In the ensuing contro-
versy, the Muslim Supreme Council said it would not reverse it's decision on
the election of the new Chief Kadhi. The matter was then referred to the

81



LESOTHO

COMMENTARY DEPLORES OPPOSITION'S ‘BOYCOTT TACTICS'
MB121841 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 12 Jun 84
[Station Commentary: "Opposition Party Tactics"]

[Text] Some weeks ago, Radio Lesotho warned against the kind of political
rhetoric and tactics employed by political parties, particularly the opposition
parties, to mask real substantive positions and gloss over lack of meaningful
contribution to the political process in Lesotho. It appears that the warning
fell on deaf ears. The nation is once more being subjected to the old politi-
eal cliches, the same trite tactics, and the political party bickering that so
often in the past have reduced the broad national consensus on basic issues to
personality attacks and clashes.

The opportunity now has been created by the passage in parliament of the
Electoral Amendment Act, but it is worthwhile to put the latest opposition
tactics on this act in some historical perspective. The main opposition

party, Basotho Congress Party [BCP], has adopted the boycott as an instrument
of political strategy and tactics ever since this kingdom regained its inde-
pendence from colonial rule. In 1965, much to its surprise, the BCP lost in
the general elections. The reaction of the party was characteristic. It strove
by all means to render the Lancaster House talks on the independence constitu-
tion and independence futile and null and void. The BCP tactics and rhetoric
amounted to,a boycott of the independence motion in parliament.

The winner in the 1965 elections, the Basotho National Party [BNP], represent-
ing the will of the nation, carried the motion through, despite these unseemly
opposition party tactics. When the final talks in London on the independence
machinery and constitution took place, the BCP once more was unhelpful. The
opposition party boycotted the final talks and stalked off to New York in an
astonishing show of tactical bankruptcy to appeal to the UN General Assembly
and delay the independence of Lesotho. The result of the appeal is common
history. The matter never so much as featured on the agenda of the assembly.
The BNP had to conclude the talks on independence machinery without the
assistance of the BCP.

But, of course, the BCP was not discouraged. In yet another remarkable show

of political petulance, the BCP boycotted the independence celebrations and
showed the kind of discourtesy to her royal highness, Princess Marina of the

41



of corn and potatoes, -By virtue of the work it is doing to revive other units
that have been closed down and ‘to promote the fast solution of the fuel

and lubricant supply problem, the enterprise, as we were told by Antonio
Nobrega, enterprise manager, is indeed achieving great success with the
implementation of the emergency plans recommended by the party.

"The amount of fuel supplied to us by ENAMA [National Sea and Air Transport
Enterprise]," he.continued, "comes to 800 liters of gas-oil and that is
nowhere near the amount consumed by the machinery for land clearing. We
must remember that we have to operate two tractors with plows and they have
to be very heavy to get deeper down into the soil."

Discussing the corn plan, Victor Nobrega added that "we need about 57,000
liters of gas-oil to carry that plan out." Another, no less important problem,
according to the manager of the Caala agricultural and livestock enterprise,
as reported during the visit by the members of the party and government
delegation to the Eugenia Neto unit, has to do with the shortage of

batteries; this determines the operation of the power pumps for the irrigation
system. As an immediate solution to this problem, we are using a pump motor
which, however, due to the lack of batteries; we have had to run off the
tractor; now that is-.a waste of fuel.

The small number of hogs kept by the enterprise, due to fodder shortages,
seems to indicate that this operation cannot go on much longer. The lack
of fodder, along with the inevitable consequences of that situation, as
we emphasized earlier, could create big problems to the point of causing
the death of the animals—-and that would be very bad.

Eugenia Neto Unit

As regards the Eugenia Neto Unit, according to data furnished by the officials
connected with the agriculture’delegation in that province, as of the

middle of September, the 400 hectares planted with various products, such as
potatoes, corn, cabbage, onions, tomatoes, and cauliflower, will be in line
with the previously established plan targets.

The unit's success is identical to the success of the Angola~Cuba Friendship
production unit where, during the few hours we spent there, the workers
were not only highly pleased with that honorable visit’ but were unanamous
in stating that there are good prospects for attaining rather encouraging
output levels to meet the needs of the people as far as food is concerned.
The name of the Angola-Cuba Friendship unit chosen by ‘the workers them-
selves, represents the point to which the political maturity of the

Angolan working class has grown-~a class which long ago joined hands in
solidarity with the Cuban people.



ANGOLA

PROVINCIAL COMMISSIONER VISITS KAALA PRODUCTION UNITS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 22 May 84 p 3

[Text] "Special attention has to be given in the rural
areas if we expect this important sector in the
nation's life to constitute the cornerstone for the
development of the production of consumer goods for

the people, especially goods of an agricultural and
livestock origin," said Lt. Col Joao Ernesto dos Santos
(Liberdade) as he recently visited the Eugenia Neto

and Angola-Cuba Friendship production units located

in the township of Caala [as published].

These units belong to the First Congress of the MPLA Labor Party agricultural
and livestock enterprise and are covered by the emergency plan of the
Province of Huambo where priority is being given to corn, potato » and
miscellaneous horticultural crop cultivation.

It has as a matter of fact become necessary to organize these units properly
under the delegation of agriculture by rendering every possible support
primarily as regards the timely supply of seeds, fertilizer, and farm

tools; this fact will by itself contribute substantially to the improvement
of agricultural products in the normal sales circuits for workers, thus
neutralizing the unrestrained speculation which they are sometimes victims
of at the hands of ambitious individuals.

In spite of the enormous amounts of foreign exchange spent for the purchase
of agricultural machinery imported from the GDR so as to speed up the
agricultural development process of. the five existing units, that is,
Chicumbi, 17 September and Calay, only two of them are fully operational
and they are Eugenia Neto and Angola-Cuba Friendship.

The lessons learned over these past 8 years of existence of that enterprise,
featuring a technology transfer and the installation of cultural machinery,
enable us to point to satisfactory results as expressed by the output goals
attained in 1981-1982, when they produced 400 and 270 tons, respectively



NIGER

BRIEFS

BELGIAN EDUCATION COOPERATION--At the University of Niamey (left bank) on
Tuesday, a working session brought thgether Belgium's ambassador to Niger,
His Excellency Mr Dick Lettens, and the rector of the University of Niamey,
Mr Abdou Hamani. At the end of this working meeting, the university
rector told the press that "this working session with Belgium's ambassador
to Niger had as its objective to review the different aspects of the
university cooperation which links us with the government of the kingdom
of Belgium..." Concerning the scholarship problem, Mr Abdou Hamani said
that we have just received from the Belgian government a check for 22.444
billion CFA francs as a contribution from the Belgian government toward
the training of our students. For his part, the Belgian ambassador made
a point of Nigero-Belgian cooperation concerning university training.

He indicated that "the only project we have is the one we are carrying
out for the School of Pedagogy, where for almost seven years we have had
co-op volunteers (numbering 13). This project, which is on the way to
success, aims to replace the co-op volunteers with Niger nationals trained
in Belgium." His Excellency Mr Dick Lettens concluded: "When the
project's objectives are achieved, there will be, at the School of
Pedagogy level, a whole team of Nigerians trained to the desired level,
which will be able to continue its academic career under the best conditions."
[Text] [Niamey SAHEL HEBDO in French No 405, 21 May 84 p 2] 9895

CsO: 3419/678

54



KENYA

BRIEFS

PIPELINE WORTHWHILE INVESTMENT--The Kenya Pipeline Company Ltd. transports
almost 99 per cent of the output of the Mombasa refinery. The pipeline is
currently moving about 1.4 million cubic metres of petroleum products per
year, 20 to 25 per cent of which are destined for Uganda, eastern Zaire,
Rwanda, Burundi and southern Sudan. For the Nairobi area, the Pipeline Com-
pany blends 25,000 litres a day of power alcohol in a 10 per cent mixture with
premium petrol to make gasoline. This is 20,000 litres a day less than that
which had been planned for, but it is expected that as the gasohol programme
expands beyond Nairobi, and as motorists gain more confidence in gasohol, the
45,000litre a day target will be met in due course. There is currently a
feasibility study being conducted to extend the oil pipeline to western Kenya.
When the pipeline was built almost seven years, ago it cost the Kenya govern-
ment about shs. 800 million. Though the feasibility report on the western ex-
tension will not be available for a few months, it is estimated that the cost
of the extension would be at least shs. 2 billion today. Judging by the ex-
tremely successful operations of the Kenya Pipeline Company, this would be an
investment well worth making. [Excerpt] [Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English
11 May 84 p 28]

DROUGHT ALSO HITS KENYA--NAIROBI--Kenya has joined the long list of African
countries suffering from drought because the long rains are late, a government
minister was quoted yesterday as saying. The Minister of Agriculture and
Livestock Development, Mr William Odongo Omamao, said in an interview with the
Daily Nation the failure of the rains would not mean food shortages. Areas
afflicted by the drought, mainly semi-arid regions in the north, would receive
food supplies as required, the Minister was quoted as saying. The long rains,
due to have started in March and normally ending about now, is the period when
most planting of maize, the staple food crop, is done. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 29 May 84 p 8]

cso: 3400/1052

37



cso:

Fortunately the area is mainly lush and
fertile so there was no major disaster in the
few weeks that the ban was in force.
Nevertheless many people will have
suffered serious undernutrition,
particularly children. .

One group Darticularly at risk consisted
of 15,000 people in a number of camps near
Nakasongola in the north of Luwero
District. Unlike the rest of the district, this
is dry savannah with little natural forage.
Relief workers were given permission to
move these ple to camps near Luwero
town, though this solution was far from
satisfactory. _

The political significance of the decision
to cut food aid to Luwero is that the

overnment maintains that the NRA has
en flushed out of the area. Yet it is still
necessary to keep people confined in camps
“for their own protection” and to stoy
imports of food — presumably for fear of it
teaching the guerrillas. .

The fact that the NRA does still operate in
the “Luwero triangle” was even more
graphically demonstrated in January with
the kidnap of members of the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). The
target was carefully chosen — the ICRC is
the “lead agency” in the area and had only
just been allowed back into the country
after being expelled by the government in
1982. The kidnap took place just off the
Kampala-Hoima road, in the heart of the
triangle. The Red Cross workers were
taken to NRA-controlled areas to see the
conditions of displaced people there.

Some sources claim that the subsequent
murder of four expatriates — three Swiss
and a Briton — on the Kampala-Entebbe
road was in fact aimed at the ICRC people to
stop them talking about the NRA areas. The
NRA had anticipated this danger: the last
cre doctor was released right on his
doorstep in Kampala. oo |

The NRA’s attack on Masindi was its
biggest victory of the guerrilla war so far.
Two hundred guerrillas attacked the
barracks, base of the 15th battalion and the
artillery regiment. They overran Masindi,
killing many soldiers and taking a number
of prisoners, including two Tanzanian
artillery trainers, Staff Sergeant Lawrence
Masenge and Sergeant Simon Wawa, and
district police commander Galla. An
enormous quantity of weaponry was taken
and much more destroyed, along with a
number of vehicles. For several hours the
entire town was in rebel hands.

The government may be able to shrug off
kidnappings as the work of bandits, but the
loss oF: a barracks and much equipment toa
well-organised band of guerrillas comes as a
considerable blow, just when the

overriment was managing to persuade the
international community that it was back in
control. The Masindi attack is likely to
herald a new NRA offensive in the Gulu area
in the middle of the country.

3400/1068

78

The conflict in Karamoja is of a rather
different type, but equally shows the
problems facing the Ugandan army. Armed
cattle rustling ‘has been a problem in the
area ever since the overthrow of Idi Amin.
The Karamojong acquired large quantities
of automatic weapons from Amin’s troops
as they fled before the Tanzanians and the
Uganda National Liberation Army.

¢ army has been trying to disarm them
for some time with little success. Out of an
array of unpleasant postings for the
Ugandan soldier, Karamoja is by far the
least favourite, since the Karamojong are
warriors by training and temperament.
They relish getting the better of the ill-paid
and underfed army.

In January there was a major incident in
which Karamojong warriors killed about
100 soldiers. Kampala responded by sealin;
the area off and launching a major [and an
air offensive against the Karamojong. The
effects can only be guessed at. Tens of
thousands of people have been driven from
their homes and have taken refuge at
Catholic missions. (For a fuller account see

page 68.)

The expulsion of “ethnic Rwandans”
(Banyarwanda) from south-western
Uganda is another type of conflict again.
The ejection of 3,000 of them from Masaka
into Tanzania followed the earlier
campaign in 1982 which drove some 30,000
Banyarwanda from Mbarara into Rwanda.

In each case the expulsions were carried
out by members of the ruling UPc’s youth
wing. On the first occasion President Obote
sent a message to a meeting of district
councils in Mbarara in which he seemed to
condemn the expulsions. At best this means
that Obote is unable to control the activities
of his own party members; at worst he was
being downright disingenuous.

‘At any rate, the UPC youth wingers did
not take’ much notice, When no measures
were taken against them for expelling the
Banyarwanda from Mbarara in 1982, they
drove up the road to Masaka and did the
same there in 1983. ‘

The upc has been hostile to the
Banyarwanda since independence. During
his first administration in the 60s Obote
threatened to round them up and dump
them ‘across the border. As a result a
number of Banyarwanda actively supported
Idi Amin and his coup was generally
welcomed in the area.

Some of the Banyarwanda are refugees
from ethnic conflicts in Rwanda in the 50s
and 60s but most have been in the area since
the late nineteenth century when the King
of the Batutsi tried to invade the Kingdom
of. Ankole, now part of Uganda. These
people are Ugandan citizens.

But in any case a large proportion of
those expelled as “Banyarwanda” are in
fact Bahima, the major ethnic group in
Ankole. Yoweri Museveni, the leader of
the NRA, is a Muhima. There is little doubt
that local UPC leaders see the “regrouping
of the Rwandese refugees” and the
“struggle against the bandits” as one and
the same @



can be worked out with the Angolan authorities regarding participation in

the production of fertilizer through the Angolan phosphates enterprise.

In addition to participating in the selection of seeds in Angola, it

tries to contribute to the national corn production program, a sector in
which it has considerable experience since it annually produces 10 million
tons of that cereal crop. We recall that Angolan Agriculture Minister
Evaristo Domingos Kimba began an official trip to Yugoslavia, whose duration
was not announced, on Thursday. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
20 May 84 p 3] 5058

NEW PROVINCIAL OFFICIALS=-The current Provincial Commissioner, Alexandrino Silva,
a member of the Party Provincial Committee, Saturday morning, in a ceremony
held in the Palace of the People, swore in the new provincial transportation
and communications, labor and social security, interior and friendship

league delegates, respectively, Leonel Vieira Lopes, Rui Carlos Estevao,
Paulo Faria, and Sebastiao Antonio. The new city commissioner and deputy
commissioner of Benguela and Catumbela, Raul Eugenio and Domingos Bocela,
respectively, were also sworn in on that occasion. The following were also
sworn in: the provincial delegates for culture, the Red Cross, housing

and health, respectively, Antonio Matos Fernandes, Jose Antonio Neves,

Alfredo Pita Gros, and Antonio Miguel do ‘Nascimento. The following were

sworn in as city commissioners of Lobito, Ganda, Baia, Farta, and Chongoroi,
respectively: Geremias Dumbo, Damiao Sili Handa, Antonio Quintas, and Joaquim
da Silva; Manuel Mulja, Lino Ndalu and Jose Herculano Morgado, respectively,
were sworn in as deputy city commissioners of Chongoroi, Cubal, and Baia Farta.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 May 84 p 3] 5058

CABINDA PORT FIGURES--ANGOP [Angolan Press Agency] was told by the port direc-
tor, Julio Neto, that during 1983 the commercial port of Cabinda recorded a
movement of 377 ships, 132 of which were long-distance and 305 for coastal
navigation. oil tankers and fishing boats are included in these figures.
During the same period, the port handled 85,721 tons of imported, exported
and coastal trade goods, the bulk of which consisted of foodstuffs and items
of prime necessity; and it exported 5,921 and 891 tons of crude oil. Accord-
ing to Julio Neto, ‘the degree of fulfillment of this year's technical-material
plan willbe "quite satisfactory," an optimism justified by the fact that, as
he claims, the production for the first 4 months of the year represents 88
percent of the total value of production for 1984. Last year, the commercial
port of Cabinda exceeded the annual plan by 22 percent, representing a 20
percent increase over 1982. According to the port director, this increase
was achieved because of the extensive navigation movement and, consequently,

a larger volume of traffic involving goods. Despite these indexes, the port
has for a long time needed to have a total repair of the bridge dock and the
hoists. Another gap relates to the lack of VHF communication, both on land
and aboard the tugboats' and launches; inasmuch as the long-distance ships are

25



United Kingdon, that is not characteristic of the Basotho and their traditions
of hospitality to foreigners. The Right Honorable Prime Minister Dr Leabua
Jonathan had to stand as the sole political leader alongside his majesty when
the head of state accepted the instruments of independence and presided over
the independence celebrations.

The record of parliament between 1965 and the dissolation of parliament on the
eve of the abortive 1970 general elections speaks for itself. The BCP made
contributions to the legislative program of parliament, and some of the con-
tributions were valuable and found expression in legislative action. But,

once more, the BCP participated in parliamentary debate when it suited party
tactics. When no clear party objective was perceptible and attainable, the

BCP quite simply abandoned its vital.constitutional role as the opposition
party in parliament, representing a vital check and brake on government activity
and giving an essential dimension to the political views of a large segment of
the nation who voted for the party's presence in parliament.

Lately, these tactics of boycotts and shows of petulance have resurfaced in the
form of a walkout during the debate of the very important electoral amendment
proposals by the government in parliament. The opposition parties, forgetting
that their presence in parliament has come about as a result of nomination by
his majesty, to represent shades of political opinion and feeling shared by
many interests other than those supporting the government, quite senselessly
abdicated their responsibility to the nation and walked out of the house... It
is noteworthy that the opposition parties have made some signal contributions
to the legislative but when confronted with a major item of legislative pro-
posal, an item that is of such national importance in terms of the forthcoming
general elections, the opposition parties, particularly the BCP, staged a
walkout.

As was to be expected, the BCP has now resorted to the old, sterile tactic of
shifting the debate on the act to a foreign forum. Having abandoned the forum
of the National Assembly to state their views, objections and amendments, some
BCP politicians are busy circulating petitions to diplomatic missions to Lesotho
about the act. Out of embarrassment, some of those missions have quite simply
handed the petitions back to the government with observations that they have

no wish or mandate to become involved in domestic political issues.

It is sad, if not actually tragic, that there are politicians in Lesotho who
are desperately attempting to merit, for their parties, the label of parties
of boycott rather than constructive participation in the political process.
The nation deserves far more out of opposition parties than the empty choices
offered by the parties of boycott.

cso: 3400/1086

42



of the 4th anniversary ‘of the brigade's organization, which was marked last
Wednesday, Joao Apolinario noted that these young brigade members are
scattered throughout the various townships in the province, lecturing to
about 3,355 students on the two first levels of education. In addition

to making their contribution to education tasks, these youngsters participate
harmoniously in various other activities in the area's social and economic
life where their help is necessary, in spite of some of the difficulties |
they are facing, Joao Apolinario said that extensive indoctrination work:
will be carried out, starting this month, with a view to the massive employ-
ment of young people from the youth instruction brigade and ‘to improve

the participation of the younger generation during the next academic year

in the province. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 May 84

Pp 3] 5058

PROVINCIAL FLIGHTS--TAAG, Angola Airlines, has decided to. give permission
for the resumption of flights to this province which had been cancelled last
February due to the precarious conditions of the runway at the Kuito Airport.
The landing of the YAK 40 at the Kuito Airport on 15 May marked the resumption
of regular flights to this province, following the determination of proper
runway conditions; intensive maintenance work had been done on the runway

by the Erovia Enterprise and the Ministry of Construction. At this time

the Kuito Airport runway can accommodate landings and takeoffs by Boeing
"737"-type aircraft. The TAAG airport's manager at Bie, Herculano Pedro,
told ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY] that, due to the small number of
operational Boeing aircraft, the Province of Bie will get one daily flight
by a YAK 40. [Excerpts] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 May 84

P 3] 5058

YUGOSLAV COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURE--Cooperation between Yugoslavia and Angola
in the field of agriculture above all covers the development of projects,
technical assistance, and Angolan technical supervisory personnel training,
Ancop [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY] was informed by a reliable source, There are
three agricultural enterprises operating in Angola:. that is, the Yugoslav
Grain Institute, in Huambo and Malanje, the PKB Enterprise in Bengo and the
"DID" Agricultural Enterprise in Northern Kwanza. The first of these is
involved in cooperation with the Huambo Agricultural Corn Institute in

the selection of corn for seeds. The second organization is developing
projects, and the last one is involved in technical assistance and super-
visory personnel training. The "PKB" Yugoslav Enterprise has developed a
project for the Kwanza—Bengo Agricultural Complex covering 2,000 hectares
for horticultural crops using the irrigation system; during the first phase
however only 400 hectares will be used, The project is financed by
Yugoslavia; that country is also interested in cooperating with Angola in
the coffee growing field. As a producer of farm machinery and fertilizer,
Yugoslavia believes that cooperation in this area is possible if an agreement

24



NIGERIA

MANUFACTURERS: FISCAL MEASURES MAY CRIPPLE INDUSTRIES
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 26 May 84 p 9

[Text] THE fiscal measures adopted by the Federal Military Government (FMG)
in the 1984 budget may stangulate industries rather than foster their develop-
ment, the executive director of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria
(MAN), Dr. Uma Eleazu, has said.

Speaking to our reporter in Lagos on Monday on the 1984 budget, Dr. Eleazu
said while the FMG failed to define what it meant by "streamlining of indus-
tries" in the budget, all the measures so far taken were like punitative steps
against manufacturers and investors.

He said the FMG did not say whether "streamlining" meant what the industries
produce or the encouragement of manufacturers to use local raw materials,
which he said, would cost more because most raw materials in the country were
not in the processed form.

Dr. Eleazu said the Federal Government should have consulted with the private
sector before adopting the measures.

The Head of State had included "resuscitation and streamlining of industries"
among the seven steps to be taken in order to salvage our depressed economy.

He said his association would properly study the withdrawal of the Approved
Users Scheme (AUS) before making. its views known because the substitution of
the 30 per cent tarrif on raw materials might have a bad result.

He said the good side of the withdrawal was that manufacturers would not have
to wait for six months for the "approved users licence” but added that the
high tarrif would have to be transferred to the consumers.

Dr. Eleazu also said the cancellation of advance deposit by importers of raw
materials was a welcome relief and that "it will release a lot of working
capital."

He said the advance deposit was being used before to make up the excess
liquidity of the Naira.

Dr. Eleazu conceded that the change in the Naira had reversed the situation
"as we no longer have excess Naira in the market."

CSO: 3400/1057
" 61



ECOWAS POLICY ON MOVEMENTS EXAMINED

Kaduna THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY in English 13 May 84 p 3

[Article by Uka Ezenwe]

[Text]

IHE problem of illegal
alliens and their repat-
riation recurs along

the West African coast far
too often. ‘This ascentuated
by economic, social and poli-
tical problems encountered
by the host states. And de-
spite these problems, the
migration ‘phenomenon
seems to be on the increase.
Prior to independence, the
British and French colonial
administrations deliberately
encouraged free mobility of
labour in the region within
their respective areas of
jurisdiction for economic and
administrative reasons.
Thus, so long as the colonial
rule lasted the individual
French West African was
easily acceptable anywhere
in French West Africa and
the same could be said of the
British West Africa. Howev-
er, with the attainment of
political independence and
the emergence of national
policies, which influenced
the performance of indi-
vidual national economies,
the size of immigrants started
to worry policy makers, par-
ticularly in the coastal states.
Even so, immigrants in the
region remained fairly undis-
turbed up to the mid-1960s

and they enjoyed almost un-
restricted entry to the
economically strong coun-
tries in search of jobs and
means of livelihood.

e concentration of im-
migrants in the region has
always been dictated by the
“‘perceived’’ economic
attractiveness and opportuni-
ties which the receiving
country offers. Up to the
later part of the 1960s Ghana
was a country of immigration
attracting workers mainly
from its neighbouring coun-
tries (Togo, Upper Volta,
Ivory Coast and even Niger-
ia). For example by 1960 it
had 828,000 immigrants or
equivalents of 12% per cent
of its population.

The immigrants came as
cocoa-farm workers and for
petty trading and diamond
mining. But, when_the..eco-,
nomic fortunes of Ghana
started to decline towards
the end of the 1960s, Ivory
Coast took over as a major
country of immigration in the
area. And by 1975 Ivory
Coast had 1,426,000 immig-
rants (50% came from Upper
Volta alone) or 21% of its
population. Other important
receiving countries like
Senegal and Sierra Leone

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

had 300,000 and 67,174 im-
migrants in 1975 respective-
ly. Elsewhere in the coastal
states immigrants thrived, as
the more recent influx into
Nigeria clearly epitomised.

The benefits and costs of
emigration are well-known.
(i) The most widely recog-
nised immediate benefit is
the flow of remittances,
which not only augments
scarce foreign exchange
‘earnings but also provides,
especially in the poorer arid
states, a potential source of
additional savings and capital
formation; (ii) the migration
of the unskilled and the un-
employed, in addition to de-
creasing domestic unemploy-
ment, can even increase em-
ployment to the extent that
remittances stimulate de-
mand for goods and services
in the home country; govern-
ment welfare and social over-
head expenditures may de-
crease, and the resultant sav-
ings can be channelled to
investment (and hence pro-
duce more jobs) and (iii) the
foregone consumption of the
migrated unemployed may
also increase the savings of
those hitherto supporting
them.



Oddly enough, the Soviet news agency TASS is taking a breather regarding com-
muniques on the civil war in Angola, giving the impression that the recent
successes of Jonas Savimbi's movement have begun to impress the Soviet leaders
and force them to admit the defeat of their Angolan proteges; the agency was
quick to transmit a report from the Portuguese news agency ANOP, according to
which the UNITA guerrillas had killed 79 and wounded 26 in an attack on the
commune of Chikuma, in Benguela Province.

In London as well, UNITA's position is being seen in a different light from
the way it had been viewed until very recently; the British Government seems
to have umerstood that Jonas Savimbi's guerrillas represent considerably more
than simple "armed bandits," contrary to Luanda's official characterization
of them. The English who work in Angola have been warned that London cannot
be responsible for their safety.

Apparently the only factor in favor of the Marxist-Leninist regime in Angola

at this time is the way in which its relations with South Africa are progressing.
South African Foreign Affairs Minister Roelof Botha took part in a meeting of
delegations of the two countries in Lusaka and met with Alexandre Rodrigues,
Angolan minister of the interior, in the Zambian capital. The South African
diplomatic chief said he considered this meeting "a success" and stated that

the withdrawal of South African troops from southern Angola, as established

in the accord of 16 February 1984, would be concluded within a few days. Mean-
while, about 30 prisoners captured by the South African forces in December 1983,
including Cuban national Pedro Torres, have served as a medium of exchange for
the release of a South African officer who was captured by the Angolan Government
forces.

The new visit to southern Africa by Chester Crocker, U.S. assistant secretary
of state for African affairs, is generally taken to mean that the United States
is making the most of the Pretoria government's current willingness to establish
good relations with its Marxist neighbors, which will inevitably weigh in Ronald
Reagan's favor in the U.S. presidential elections.

Up to now, the discussions between Washington's emissary and the South African
foreign affairs minister have been held in the strictest secrecy, but a source
close to the Pretoria government confirmed that “obviously they are concentrating
on the Angolan issue."

However, Luanda appears much less disposed than Pretoria or Maputo to yield

to U.S. diplomatic pressure regarding the civil war and the presence of the Cuban
expeditionary force. For his part, Chester Crocker sees the civil war from

a viewpoint much cleser to UNITA than to the MPLA; that is, that the conflict
should be resolved through an understanding between both parties, which would
mean the end of the single-party regime which has prevailed in Angola since

the proclamation of independence.

In the less radical wing of the MPLA, there are those who are inclinced to favor
such an understanding, in view of the increasing power evidenced by Savimbi's

15



UGANDA

ZIMBABWEAN TANK CARS FOR UGANDAN RAILWAYS
Kampala THE PEOPLE in English 21 May 84 p 12
{Article by Ndyakira Amoot]

({Text] UGANDA Railways Corporation (URC) has ordered thirty nine tank wagons
from Zimbabwe to increase its [word indistinct] stock and expand its loading
capacity.

This was disclosed by the Ag. Managing Director of the Corporation, Mr. James
Nduru in a telephone interview with "The People" last Thursday.

Mr. Nduru said the Corporation has received about 360 million shillings (12.5
million Units European Accounts) from the Lome Convention, out of which it has
committed about 70 million shillings (2.5 million Units) to the purchase of
39 tank wagons from Zimbabwe.

He pointed out that Zimbabwe won the Corporation's tender which was open to
African, Carribean and Pacific countries as well as European Economic Com-

munity Lome Convention partners. He commented that Zimbabwe's success is a
realisation of intra-African trade with a view to boost our own industries.

Mr. Nduru said the 12.5 million Units of European Accounts allocated to
Uganda Railways Corporation is part of the total 30 million Units extended by
the Convention to Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire and Kenya for the development
and improvement of what he called the Northern-Corridor railway system that
link these countries.

Meanwhile, the Ag. Director General of Trans-African Highway Authority, Mr.
Mwenze Dunia Ikandaya, accompanied by Mr. E. Monka, visited Uganda recently
to acquient themselves with the Uganda section of the highway.

Mr. Ikandaya held talks with ministers and officials of the ministers of;
Works, Transport and Regional Cooperation.

In an interview with "The People" at Entebbe Airport, before he flew back to

Bangui, Central Africa, Mr. Ikandaya said he was satisfied with efforts
Uganda is putting in to develop her section of the highway.

‘79



NIGER

EXTENT OF DESERT ENCROACHMENT IN VARIOUS REGIONS REPORTED
Niamey SAHEL HEBDO in French No 405, 21 May 84 p 15
[Article by Ali Moussa Chaweye: "Desert Encroachment a Reality"]

[Text] Désert encroachment is unfortunately a reality which has taken a
firm hold on our country. A quick look at the geography of desert encroach-
ment allows us to locate certain regions of the country which have already
reached a critical threshold.

The Northern Part of the Department of Niamey

Nearly two-thirds of the Ouallam district are affected by desert encroach-
ment. The district's arable lands represent only one-third of the district's
land area and only one-fourth of it is worked.

The growing methods used, deforestation and the irrational exploitation
of trees have favored soil erosion in this region. Wind and water erosion
have done the rest. In areas such as Tilloa, Gosso and Banibangou, one
finds scarcely ten trees per hectare. Plant species have disappeared,
giving way to sand dunes.

The Central And Northern Parts of the Department of Tahoua

The zones most affected by desert encroachment in this department are the
district of Tchintabaraden (which is pastoral in nature), the northern

part of the districts of Keita and Bouza, and the north-central part of
Tahoua. In this fringe of the country, fallow land is becoming non-existent,
and the shortage of wood constitutes a major problem for the people.

The Northern Part of the Department of Maradi

The districts of Dakoro and Mayahi and all the northern part of Tessaoua
are the department areas most affected by the phenomenon of desert encroach-
ment. We are already witnessing the lowering of the water table in some
regions. "It is often necessary to dig down 100 meters and even farther

to get water."

We are likewise witnessing the disappearance of humus and fertile arable
lands.

52



cso:

Who will succeed Nwali-
mo? The question torments
Nwalimo himself, who feels
he has been left in the lurch
as could be inferred from the
way he mourned Mr
Sokoine, who he described
as “a man of integrity, cool-
headed and of a formidable
sense of leadership”, which
seemed to confirm the
rumour that Nyerere was
grooming him as heir appa-
rent. He hailed from Masai
district on the mainland. Of
all political heavyweights on
the mainland since the igno-
minous exit of Oscar Kambo-
na, he was most trusted by
Nyerere (he was twice
appointed prime - minister)
and could possibly provide
the kind of leadership as
does Mwalimo.

On the island, two people
seem to have gained Nye-
rere’s unflinching confidence
— Ali Hassan Nwinyi, cur-
rent vice-president, and
Salim Ahmed Salim, the
newly appointed prime
minister. Although Ali
Mwinyi can lay claim to be a
pioneer member of the Afro-
Shirazi party and a key figure
of the January 12, 1964 re-
volution that overthrew the
feudal government of the
minority Omani Sultans, he
was not, until his recent
appointment and election, a
renowned public figure. The
ease with which he rose to
the leadership of the island
and second in command of
the CCM attest not only to
his links with Mwalimo but
also to his commitment to
the prosperity of the union.

Salim Ahmed Salim, a
career diplomat had served

3400/1073

in various diplomatic posi-
tions, including Permanent
Representative to the United
Nations, and lately, Minister
of the State in charge of
Foreign Affairs, with distinc-
tion. Nyerere’s personal
efforts to see him through
the UN Secretary-
Generalship is an indication
of their good relationship.

In spite of ail these de-
velopments, one did not
have to be a politburo mem-
ber of the CCM in order to
know that Nyerere had plan-
ned that Sokoine would suc-
ceed him, while Salim
Ahmed Salim would take
Sokoine’s job. Moreover,
the union constitution is si-
lent on the succession ques-
tion and therefore a vice-
president (he has always
come from the island) cannot
lay claim to it, especially in
an election year.

But with Sokoine’s exit,
Tanzanians are in a fix. The
questions that arise are: Will
the CCM nominate Ali Has-
san Nwinyi or Ahmed Salim
for next year’s presidential
election? Both of them are
relative strangers the former
less versatile and the latter
more aware of the outside
world than local politics in
Tanzania? Will the nomina-
tion of a Tanganyikan not
exacerbate the fear that has
already gripped the islan-
ders? Will Tanganyikans
(population 17 million)
accept a leader from the is-
land (population 0.5 million
that produces nothing but
cloves coir and coconuts?
Will Nyerere himself live to
see the death of the union he
fought for so much?

These’ are pertinent ques-
tion but what stands out crys-
tal clear is that the position

76

of prime minister which
Salim. Ahmed Salim has
ascended to is a consolation
to the islanders, and that as
much as Ahmed Salim and
Ali Hassan Nwinyi cannot be
reverted to their former posi-
tions without walking a poli-
tical tight rope, Tangany-
ikans cannot agree to reling-
uish their hold on the pres-
idency of the United Repub-
lic, and the leadership of the
party. This is because, Afri-
cans are well versed in what
‘one may call politics of tribal
or ethnic majority. Tanza-
nia’s “fragile” unity is akin to
the type we can find in Zim-
babwe, Nigeria, Guinea,
Togo, Zaire, Cameroun,
Liberia and Malawi, to men-
tion but a few, where politic-
al spoils are shared according
to ethnic composition.

The only way that an islan-
der could ascend the pres-
idency would have been if
Nyerere had, after Sokoine’s
exit, retained the pre-
miership for the mainland,
though it could be argued
that the mainland retained
the position when Nyerere
was in power and Sokoine
alive. But now that the islan-
ders have the positions of
Vice-President, WVice-
Chairman of the party and
that of Prime minister, it
would be unrealistic to can-
vass for the presidency.

Nyerere's successor is
therefore likely to come from
the mainland. What is not
easy to determine is whether
he will be chosen from
among Nyerere’s old time
associates like Rashidi
Kawawa, Cleopa Masuya,
Benjamin Mkapa and
General Msuguri or whether
Nyerere will choose a re-
latively new face,



World Muslim League based in Saudi Arabia. In the meantime, Sheikh Mulumba
with a faction of followers established separate offices on William Street
from where he continued to operate separately from the Muslim Supreme
Council headquarters on Old Kampala Hill. The Uganda Government persistently

refused to intervene in the conflict. [Text] {Kampala THE PEOPLE in English
21 May 84 p 12]

CSO: 3400/1068

82



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CARE IN AWARDING CONTRACTS--The prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, has pro-
posed that only companies with established records must be given government
tenders. Comrade Mugabe expressed this opinion in his interview with a repre-
sentative of the West German radio, Ruth Weiss, in the light of recent cases
of corruption in Zimbabwe. He is quoted as saying that the people involved in
corruption are thieves who steal from the public, and whenever they are de-
tected, they must not escape the firm hand of the law. The prime minister said
although it is difficult to judge the honesty of men behind the tenders they
submit, research should be done in which all new firms must be subjected to
greater scrutiny than at present. He suggested that it is wrong for some newly
formed firms to think the government has become the paymaster of anyone who
sets. up a company (?pretending to offer a choice of) supplies either to the
army or any branch of the government. He also proposed that, in order to
counter evil acts of dubious companies, the government will do something re-
garding the system of tenders. It is for this reason that the minister of
supplies was established whereby government stores will deal directly with
manufacturers. He said civil servants will be educated at the same time in
order to raise the degree of consciousness within them. [Text] [MB111926
Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 11 Jun 84]

OFFICIAL DENIES HARRASSING ZAPU--The ZANU~PF publicity secretary for Mashonaland
West, Comrade (Penda), has denied allegations by the vice president of ZAPU,
Mr Josiah Chinamano, that members of the ruling party are harrassing ZAPU mem-
bers in the province. Comrade (Penda) told the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corpora-
tion that ZANU-PF supporters are being murdered, tortured, and harassed by
ZAPU-sponsored armed bandits. He pointed out that ZANU-PF has launched an
intensive mobilization campaign to win ZAPU supporters in an effort to end the
isolated incidence of banditry. Comrade (Penda) added that Mr Chinamano's
statement is typical of a man who realizes that most support for his party is
disappearing fast. [Text] [MB 121317 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115
GMT 12 Jun 84]

89



NIGERIA

CONSUMER PRICE INDEX UP 23 PERCENT
Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 May 84 p 16
{Article by Ngozi Ikeano]

[Text] THE composite consumer price index for THE WHOLE OF 1983 rose by an
average of 61 points over that of 1982, giving a percentage increase of 22.84
per cent. In other words, the purchasing power of the naira in 1983 decreased
by about 23 per cent when compared to its worth the provious year.

The rise in the consumer price index for 1983 is particularly sharp because
the 1982 increase when compared with the general price level for the preceding
year was 7.66 per cent. Thus prices trebled in 1983, with 1975 as base year.

A remarkable trend in an analysis of the statistics is that whereas the index
rise stood at 11.37 per cent in 1979, the 1980 increase was 10.21 per cent
(giving a marginal proportional decrease) but it rose significantly to 21 per
cent in 1981. Thus prices actually doubled in 1981.

This big shoot-up after a slight proportional drop is attributable to the 1981
'Shagari award' when the minimum wage was raised to W120 from N100. The money
rise depressed the naira, thereby shooting up the inflation rate from 10.21
per cent to 21 per cent.

A possible explanation for the 1980 'drop' could be the sharp increase in the
industrial production index for 1979. The index which is an indicator of the
level of industrial activity in the economy rose to 18.6 per cent in 1979
whereas the 1978 increase was only two per cent. Thus the industrial expan-
sion of 1979 might have begun to make an impact in 1980, curtailing somewhat,
the inflation rate for that year.

A sectoral break-down of the 1983 consumer price index (which is in itself an
indicator of the rate of inflation for the year) shows that household goods
and other purchases had the highest rate, averaging 54 per cent. It is fol-
lowed by accommodation, fuel and light--33.3 per cent.

Next is food whose rate of inflation for 1983 was 23.52 per cent. That of
transport was 20.98 per cent, clothing 18.80 per cent and tobacco and kola

59



According to informed observers, Qadhdhafi has put Libya in undoubted austerity,
in spite of the enormous but mismanaged oil revenues intended to provide himself
exclusively with sophisticated weapons with a view to satisfying his warlike
designs. Part of the army, sent by force to Chad, disillusioned, wants to get
back to its country. In Tripoli, as in the foreign chancelleries, people are
asking whether the Tuesday, 8 May 1984 bid for power, maintained by a shooting
battle that lasted 5 hours, from 7:30 to 12:30, in the very center of Tripoli,
is not already a prelude to numerous acts of represssion orchestrated by the
lunatic from Syrte both inside Libya and beyond its frontiers.

9434
CSO: 3419/679

32



ONLY FIVE WELL-KNOWN OIL COMPANIES TO HANDLE BUNKERING

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 May 84 p 1

[Editorial:

[Excerpt]

cso:

3400/1041

"David-West's Victory"]

PROFESSOR Tam
David-West appears to
have killed one maggot
in the apple of our na-
tion’s economy. He has
put the madding crowd
of legal bunkerers and
the solid army of illegal
bunkerers out of busi-
ness. His decision to
appoint only five well-
known and obvious!
more responsible oi
companies, African Pe-
troteum, Unipetrol, Na-
tional Oil and Chemical
Marketing Company,
Texaco and Total
Nigeria Limited, to han-
dle all bunkering opera-
tions in the country is
wise, reasonable and
just. The affected won't
think so. Hard luck.

72

NIGERIA



GUINEA

SOVIET BOYCOTT OF OLYMPICS IN RETROSPECT
Conakry HOROYA in French 15 May 84 p 1
[Editorial by Ilrahima Cisse: "The Olympic Ideal Assassinated"]

[Text] An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. Soviets and Americans are de-
cidedly giving each other no quarter. But what a dreadful formula!

It is a fact that in 1980 the United States, using all its weight and influ-
ence, boycotted the Moscow games, taking with it more than 50 Western na-
tions. This was unfortunate!

Today it seems almost taken for granted, and it is just as unfortunate that
the Los Angeles games are dead as a result of the Soviet refusal, echoed by
the nations of the socialist community.

The exchange between the greatest sports nations of the world is shameful,
reveals their limitations and displays to the light of day the struggle for
influence that they mercilessly engage in, each one using the most reprehen-
sible possible means.

In 1980 the USSR had already become entangled in Afghanistan. The Americans
did not fail to take advantage of the opportunity. Last year there was the
American intrusion in Grenada, and the Soviets are taking their revenge. In
1980 the Americans accused the Soviets of having betrayed the Olympic ideal.
In 1984 the Soviets are blowing the same horn: the Americans have betrayed
the Olympic ideal and commercialized the games.

Everything is happening (and that is obvious) as if neither of these two great
powers has the resourees necessary to rise above personal egoism. But, then,
too bad for everyone else. In the first place, for those who follow meekly
and blindly on one side just as on the other. Then, for the young nations
who make up the third world and who would like to affirm their presence within
the competitions, whose noble calling is to cultivate and promote brotherhood
through the pathways of sports.

In my opinion, the USSR would have taught America a fine lesson in greatness

if it had been able to forgive (perhaps without forgetting), by bringing the
weight of its talent to success in the Los Angeles games. That will no longer

33



~-We seek to ensure that the people of this country shall, in pursuance of their
right to treedom, national self-determination and independence, determine how
that right shall be exercised. We reject the claims of South Africa, the United
Nations, the Soviet bloc and the Western Five, indeed of all persons and groups
not of this country, to speak or make such fundamental decisions for us.

~-We recognise the diversity of ideology, of culture, of language and religion
which characterises our society and we understand the difficulty of moulding
one nation out of these many strands. But we are determined, understanding
that we must share this land, and that we are united in our love for it, to
create unity in that diversity while respecting the rights of all.

--We understand that, to achieve this, all citizens must participate, through
their representatives, in the process of deliberation about the present and the
future. We have often invited, and do so again today, all those parties with
manifest support among people of our country to join with us in that process.
We reject categorically the notion that we are an anti-SWAPO front, or indeed
a front in opposition to any party. We define ourselves in terms of our goals,
in terms of the values to which we subscribe, in terms of our vision of the
future. We have defined these in our public documents and invite all those who
share these goals and values to join with us in strongly asserting our right
to achieve them.

—-We are opposed to further violence and bloodshed, believing that the people
of this country and indeed the region have already suffered far too much from
this internecine struggle which has drawn in foreign powers whose interests are
divergent from our own. We believe that peace and national reconciliation are
vital now and that the task of reconstruction must begin immediately. Regional
circumstances are now, at last, conducive to this and the opportunity for recon-
ciliation must be seized urgently.

Since the opening session of the conference we have made satisfactory, indeed
even remarkable, progress in achieving these goals.

--We have reached agreement on two important documents:

The Windhoek Declaration of Basic Principles, issued on 24 February, and the
Bill of Fundamental Rights and Objectives, made public on 19 April. The latter
document, in particular, is a serious effort to express and encompass in a
paper of eventual constitutional significance the basic values of our whole
society. The rights enshrined in that document, if embodied in a future con-
stitution, will protect our civil liberties against improper encroachment by
any government, and a commitment to be in pursuit of the objectives will bind
our future governments to policies which will be of the greatest benefit to all
the people of our country.

~-We have held discussions with the South African Government in the person of
the prime minister and other ministers of his cabinet, and with a delegation
of the United States of America under the leadership of Dr Chester Crocker,
assistant secretary of state for African affairs. Through these discussions
we have also communicated with other African and Western governments and look
forward to expanding these communications in the future.

48


ANGOLA

BENGUELA PROVINCE AGRICULTURAL COUNCIL MEETING
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 May 84 p 12
[Article by Domingos Muhongo and Correa Victor]

[Text] The Second Directive Council of the Provincial
Delegation of the Agriculture Ministry met on 11 and 12 May in
the auditorium of the Benguela Municipal Commission.

Kundy Paihama, president of the Provincial People's Assembly, alternate member
of the Political Bureau of the MPLA-Labor Party Central Committee, coordinator
of the Party Provincial Committee and provincial commissioner, presided over
the opening of the council, which outlined specific and objective directives
to improve agricultural production in the province.

The proceedings were led by Hamilton Lopes, provincial agriculture delegate,

and were attended by all his staff members, production chiefs, statisticians

of agricultural groups and complexes and municipal directors of cooperatives,
Also attending were Joaquim Adriano, coordinator of the Party Provincial Com-
mittee's department for the productive sector, and Alexandre Silva, assistant
provincial commissioner, both members of the Party Provincial Committee.

During the meeting, the purpose of which was to assess activities conducted
during the first quarter, the participants focused on the problems encountered
in the productive process, studied ways of overcoming them and, finally, pro-
grammed the activities for the second quarter.

It was concluded that the groups in the production units, complexes and companies
should submit their monthly reports promptly.

To overcome the problems created by the shortage of spare parts, it was decided
to import them as soon as possible, through the central agencies.

The problem of provisioning the private sector and the peasants was also analyzed

in depth and it was concluded that they would receive supplies, with the approval
of the Agriculture Ministry.

21



The police force will receive 704,770 for payroll expense, 23,520 for carrying
out its duties, 20,000 for purchasing technical supplies, 22,000 for water
and electricity, 70,000 for food, clothing and lodging, 8,000 for telephones,
10,200 for building upkeep, 42,000 for vehicle upkeep, 23,500 for travel

and transportation, 4,000 for renovation of its parking lot, 3,000 for
furnishings for lodging, 28,620 for lodging and.6,700 for the upkeep thereof.

Under miscellaneous expenses, the Defense Ministry will receive 30,000 for
maneuvers, 6,000 for the engineer corps and 30,000 for the fire brigade.

The Interior Ministry budget (in thousands of francs) is 4,250,275 divided
as follows: 1,500 for supplies (1,000 for supplies and 500 for housing),
under Section II Public Authorities: 2,940,135 under Section III Means

and Services for Personnel and 1,158,640 for supplies (805,790 for supplies,
334,850 for transportation and 18,000 for housing), and 150,000 under Section
IV Public Intervention.

The Republican Guard will receive, among other items, 34,000 to carry out
its duties, 66,400 for technical.supplies, 8,000 for water and electricity,
70,000 for food and clothing, 3,000 for telephone, 4,000 for building upkeep
and 8,500 for vehicle maintenance.

The police will receive 22,300 to carry out its duties and 6,500 for the
police school, 17,890 for technical supplies, 17,000 for water and
electricity (including the police school), 45,000 for food and clothing,
15,000 for telephone (including the school), and 22,100 for vehicle upkeep.

The prisons will receive 300,000 for food and clothing.

Under miscellaneous expenses, 700 are provided for the National Border
Commission, 20,000 for "salt pork" and 10,000 for "police custody".

The budget for the presidency of the republic, at 935,925, covers, among
other things, the expenses of the presidential guard. The latter will
receive therefore (in thousands of francs), 121,715 for payment of
personnel, 2,500 for supplies, 21,000 for technical supplies, 15,000 for
electricity and water, 10,000 for clothing, 5,100 for travel, 7,600 for
fuel and 6,000 for housing maintenance.

Under Common Expenses (Section 390), the budget provides, among other
things, for the payment of personnel as follows: 5,000 for Belgian tech-
nical assistance; 163,000 for French technical assistance; and 25,000 for
Chinese technical assistance.

In addition, 2,000 are earmarked for air and land rescue services and 17,000
for the transfer of army vehicles.

8735
CSO: 3419/681

51



14.38 per cent. The rate of inflation for drinks last year stood at 13.46 per
cent while that for other services averaged 20.60 per cent.

‘Scarcity is the major reason why the price index and hence inflation rate rose
to those levels particularly in the category of household goods and other pur-
chases with as high a rate as 54 per cent.

This is tied to the 1982 austerity measures which arose as a result of dwind-
ling revenues following the oil glut. Subsequently many factories had to fold

up or operate below capacity because of shortage of raw materials or
spare-parts.

According to officials of the Manufacturers Association of Nigeria, "1983 is
one of the worst if not the worst in the history of Nigerian manufacturers".
The country's gross domestic product for 1983 dropped by 4.2 per cent over the
1982 figure. It recorded a negative growth rate of 3.4 per cent for 1983.

It is estimated that the inflation rate is presently at 25 per cent and the

government hopes to keep it down to that level in 1984, according to the
revised budget speech.

Already, the government has revalidated N481 million worth of import licences.
It has also started issuing out the 1984 import licences. So far 669 licences
havé been issued to the“engineering, chemical and agro-allied sectors.

COMPOSITE CONSUMER PRICE
INDEX 1975 — 11

wo” lf i
Yeni
Aver
10 123-109 fiz2 J 132 1143 1135 ]145 ]139 ]143
ss77 | 443 Jaz fra tof 103 [141 far frat fae
teeter |13i fir2| 154 |ta6 | 176 [147 [ase |
1878 186 ft67 fas 176 fas Jato fis | 90 | 178
1860 J 206 [170 foo 6 [220 [270 |¥e | 7 [238
1981 248 1173 {250} 183 | 264/314 1 196 | 202;
1982 267 180 |208 [278 [335 [213 [224 1296
163 _ 328 [240 fs | 256 [1a 206 [20 [271 [357
ca 2 2 $1 &
ave Lo? LP la ls Flee le le
"Ousrieny
‘Averages
ter Qir. | 260]178 fas 206] 272} 300207] 214| 2eo |
and" | 2644177 [as 205 478] saz 231 | 220| a0
[zee 260181 75] 207 | 201 335 |214| 224] 207
to 774 194 feat 211 ] 253| 340 | 222 237 | 308,
sever. [pentane e210 20 2] 2c a1
and” | 313] 2261 510] 20] 90] 272} 20] 200
ao ‘344 | 207 |a| 202] 321] a02| 60) 27a
an” ‘360 27 [7 253] 30a] aa co] 2 ara

‘SOURCE: FEDERAL OFFICE OF STATISTICS,
“PERCENTAGE COMPUTATION BY BUSINESS TIMES.

CSO: 3400/1041

60



BOTSWANA

Briefs
Scholarships for USSR Study

CAPE VERDE

National Assembly Approves New 'Water Law!
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 25 May 84) ..sccccccceccvceccescececees

CHAD

Libyan Occupation of Bet Territory Denounced
(AL-WATAN, 12 May 84) ..

Attack on Qadhdhafi Seen To Reflect Discontent
(AL-WATAN, 12 May 84) ..

GUINEA

Soviet Boycott of Olympics in Retrospect
(Editorial, Llrahima Cisse; HOROYA, 15 May 84) ..ssseseeee

KENYA

Reaction to Moi's New Grain Directive
(Editorial; THE KENYA TIMES, 10 May 84)

Briefs
Pipeline Worthwhile Investment
Drought Also Hits Kenya

LESOTHO

Radio Cites BCP Efforts To Gain .International Support
(Maseru Domestic Service, 14 Jun 84) ...

Jonathan Inspects Equipment Donated by Italy
(Maseru Domestic Service, 14 Jun 84) ...

Commentary Deplores Opposition's 'Boycott Tactics’
(Maseru Domestic Service, 12 Jun 84) secececee

Briefs
RSA Campaign To Topple Government

MADAGASCAR oa

Monja Jaona Case Ruling Explained
(MADAGASCAR MATIN, 4 May 84) ...ccccccvcccccvcecccccecvses

-b-

27

28

29

31

33

35

37

38

40

41

43

44



LESOTHO

JONATHAN INSPECTS EQUIPMENT DONATED BY ITALY
MB141744 Maseru Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 14 Jun 84

[Text] The prime minister, the Right Honorable Dr Leabua Jonathan, yesterday
inspected water drilling equipment donated by the Italian Government as part
of its technical assistance to the hydrological sector in the Ministry of
Water, Energy and Mining.

Dr Jonathan was shown the equipment, which was already drilling for water at
Masianokentg, by the minister of water, energy and mining, the Honorable Mr
Matette Majara. Many cabinet ministers also attended the ceremony.

According to the senior hydrologist of the ministry, Professor (Carolo Bone),
the equipment, which cost over 1 million maluti, consists of the main

drilling rig, the maintenance unit and a service component with a crane,

each mounted on its own truck. Professor (Bone), who is also senior lecturer
in hydrology at the University of Rome in Italy, said the equipment was
specifically designed for Lesotho, taking into account the geological condi-
tions in the country. The equipment will drill boreholes throughout the country
to enable hydrogeologists to identify water sources in Lesotho and draw a
hydrogeological map of the country for exploration purposes.

According to officials of the Ministry of Water, Energy and Mining, Masianokeng
was chosen as a pilot area to enable asparagus farmers to improve their yields
and realize an increase of about 20 percent. Some Basotho have been trained to
man the equipment to enable them to take over and operate the equipment as soon
as the expatriate personnel leave. The drilling equipment is unique in that it
works faster than any machine which has been introduced in Lesotho before. To
demonstrate this fact, the prime minister and other cabinet ministers were shown
water being pumped from a 55 meter borehole which was dug in only 6 hours.

The donation from the Italian Government isa result of the strong links that
the Lesotho Government under the Basotho National Party has forged with other
countries irrespective of their ideological beliefs.

CSO: 3400/1086

40



LESOTHO

RADIO CITES BCP EFFORTS TO GAIN INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
MB150742 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 14 Jun 84
[Station commentary]

[Text] Two days ago Radio Lesotho analyzed the continuing use of boycotts by
the Basotho Congress Party [BCP] as a political instrument in Lesotho's
political process. The analysis attempted to show how resort to this tactic
has ill served the nation and undermined the BCP's constitutional role as the
main opposition party, with clear national responsibilities going far beyond
its narrow sectional political party objectives and interests. The nation,
from a review of the BCP's role as the main party of boycott, cannot but come
to the conclusion that, on numerous and vital occasions in Lesotho's recent
political history, the opposition party in parliament has, by choice (?and. its)
volition, simply disappeared from the political scene and abrogated its mandate
from the voters.

On this point, there is little room for debate. The BCP yas reduced itself to
a position of constitutional impotence by its own actions on the national stage,
and by its frequent absence at crucial times [words indistinct] accuse the
government since [words indistinct] appeals for foreign intervention in Lesotho's
domestic policies. The BCP has failed in the past to shift debate on domestic
issues to the international plane. It is bound to fail again, now and in the
future. Following the abortive 1970 general elections, the BCP tried unsuccess-
fully to solicit international support for a coalition government in Lesotho.

It is a measure of the BCP desperation that it actually gloated over the tempor-
ary suspension of formal relations between the kingdom and Great Britain [words
indistinct].

But, if anything, the BCP cannot be faulted for lack of tenacity of spirit.

The party has continued to harrass foreign donors to Lesotho's development
program to withdraw their support. The BCP has shown, and is doing so even now,
scant regard for the victims of the withdrawal of support for development pro-
jects. As far as the party is concerned, the ordinary man, woman and child in
Lesotho~-whether in the rural or urban areas--should be sacrified for BCP party
objectives. The program for food production, the program of food supplies to
relieve drought, the projects for water supplies to rural communities, for
roads to the rural hinterland, for health for all by the year 2000, could all
grind to a standstill unless BCP is [word indistinct] its foreign support
(?upon) the death of the nation.

38



African countries routinely expect us to play the big brother without respect
for our interest. It is now becoming difficult to defend a foreign policy
that only leaves us with costs without commensurate benefits.

While we think that now is the time to review this policy to divest it of its
unprofitable altruism, the Republic of Niger must be asked to regulate the
flow of the Lamido for the mutual benefit of both countries.

cso: 3400/1058

63



ANGOLA

EFFECTS OF WAR ON PRODUCTION IN HUILA PROVINCE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 May 84 p 2

[Text] The data are official and enlightening. A report from the Huila provin-
cial commissariat in 1983 claimed that the effects of the undeclared imperial-
ist war vhad forced a large portion of the human, material and financial
resources to be diverted to reinforce the combative capacity, interfering

with economic development. :

It also claimed that, in addition to the politico-military situation, produc-
tion activity was showing the effects of a shortage of financial means and
poor organization, reflecting insufficient control of production and distri-
bution.

Recently, the second-ranking government official in Huila, remarking on this
year, declared: "The food production plan is doomed to failure." The warning
was and is related to the emergency program for agriculture, threatened from
a technical-material standpoint, with large corn plantation areas running the
risk of being lost.

Actually, corn, the basic food for Huila's population (estimated at 600,000),
and that of nearly all the southern part of the country, requires special
assistance at a certain stage of its growth, which is achieved essentially
through elimination of harmful weeds. However, there are no weeders. The
weeding is done in any fashion, and the spontaneous vegetation threatens to
"swallow" the cornfields.

According to the same official, who is. an assistant provincial commissoner,
another reality is the difficulty in marketing and removing hundreds of tons
of corn that have already been harvested, and are being held by the farmers,
These difficulties have caused a stoppage in the processing industry, and
hence a shortage of corn meal for human consumption and livestock feed.

A perusal of the reports from the livestock products distributor enables one
to confirm what has been stated previously: the poor meat distribution,
resulting from failure to purchase livestock from the growers. During the
first 3 months of this year, that enterprise marketed 534 insignificant
cattle in the entire province; which immediately gives an a priori notion of
the ridiculous amount of meat eaten by each citizen during those months, despite
the fact that this year's plan calls for 1,000 head.



NIGER

COUNTRY'S 1984 DEFENSE BUDGET DETAILED
Paris AFRIQUE DEFENSE in French No 74, May 84 p 70

[Text] The 1984 budget presented by military administrator Moussa Tondi
is balanced at 80,234,985 billion CFA francs, a reduction of 1,033,525
billion (1.27 percent) compared with 1983, taking into consideration the
economic and financial crisis in Niger. The country is committed, with
the concurrence of multilateral and bilateral institutions, to the
establishment of a program of economic and financial recovery.

The National Investment Fund (FNI) has been set at 7, billion CFA francs.
Like the 1983 FNI, it will be almost totally earmarked for matching foreign
funds.

The supplemental budget for the development of public works (BAEMTP) has
been set at 1,612,605 billion CFA francs, in receipts and expenditures,
of which 1,098,605 billion are transferred from the general budget. This
is a reduction of 69,050 million (4.11 percent) compared with 1983,

The National Defense Ministry budget (in thousands of francs), according
to Section III, Services, is: 4,498,040, of which 2,548,920 are for
personnel and 1,949,120 for supplies (including 19,000 in common funds),
the latter figure being divided into 1,161,320 for supplies, 681,300 for
transportation and 87,500 for housing.

The cabinet and the services receive 2,930 for payment of personnel, 6,200
to carry out the duties of the services, 2,000 for telephone, 1,700 for
vehicle upkeep and 3,000 for travel and transportation.

The army gets 1,841,220 to cover personnel salaries, 115,800 to carry out
its functions, 67,600 for technical supplies, 90,000 for water and
electricity, 630,000 for food, clothing and housing, 8,000 for telephone,
22,000 for building maintenance, 147,100 for vehicle maintenance, 231,000
for fuel and 150,000 for aviation fuel, 73,000 for travel and transportation,
6,000 for renovation of parking lot, 4,500 for furnishings for lodgings,
37,680 for housing and 7,000 for housing maintenance.

50



PANEL TO REVIEW LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 May 84 pp 1, 13

[Article by Nkem Agetua]

[Text ]

CSO:

A 21-MAN committee
has been set up by the
Federat Military Govern-
ment to re-examine the
Structure of local
government administra-
tion.

The committee is headed
by Alhaji Ibrahim Dasuki with
Mr. S.N. Ekwudu of the’
Supreme Headquarters as
secretary.

Dodan Barracks sources
yesterday said that the com-
mittee would deliberate on
some major issues which had
plagued local government ad-
ministration in the country
within the last four years.

It is also to
seta raat
Government on how best to

reform and make the local
en!
Sovernm syst much more

3400/1057

56

The committee, made of
academics, professio:
businessmen and trade uniohists,
will be inaugurated next iy
in Institute of Inter-

(NILA)
Island, by the Chief of Staff
Supreme Headquarters,
Brigadier Tunde Idlay .

Other members of the commit-
tee are Alhaji A. Sulimonu, Dr. G.
Orewa, Alhaji Muhammed
Monguno, Mr. S. Alu, Alhaji San-
ni Sambo and Mr. G. Nwokike,
Chief Emuluemo, Dr. Isa
Hashim, Mr. E. A. Oyeyipo, Mr.
N. Aquaisua, Professor 0.
Adamolekun, Alhaji Kyari San-
dabe, Professor Eme Awa, Dr. O.
Aborishade and Alhaji Shehu
Ahmadu, Mr. Tinubu, Chief F.
Oramulu, Mr. G. M.
Olowolaiyemo and Dr. H. Nwosu.

NIGERIA



slaughtering. The same thing could be said with regard to other foods, most
of which does not appear at the sales locations.

The way in which the effects of the war imposed upon us are reflected in the
province's economy and the welfare of its people is truly impressive. Huila
is considered the rear guard of the South African aggression against Angola,
and as such it is suffering from the destruction of economic targets, taking
in thousands of refugees from Cunene, while at the same time withstanding
acts of banditry on the part of agents of the Pretoria regime.

Hence one should not be surprised that, for these and other reasons, the
province's financial and economic situation has a deficit amounting to many
thousands of kwanzas. One could not expect it to be otherwise, when many of
the enterprises, for example, the agricultural production unit groups, cannot
survive apart from the general state budget. It may be inferred from this
that a large number of enterprises, including the manufacturing ones as well,
cannot cover their expenses with their respective income.

As was also noted recently by the head of the Fifth Region Military Council
and provincial commissioner of Huila, Rafael Sapilinha, South Africa's with-
drawal from Angola could mean an "about-face" for the province's overall
situation, although over the long term. He claimed that the combating of

the puppet bandits bent on the destruction of the national economy, whose main
areas of activity are those near the centers of the largest agricultural
production, would be more effective.

Meanwhile, struggling with all kinds of difficulties, the party and government
of the province have attempted to enact measures to be adopted, which have not
occurred; as in the case of the emergency plan started last year. In spite
of this, there is no apathy, and an attempt is. being made to emerge from the
crisis.

It is on this basis that the last session of the Provincial People's Assembly
attached enormous importance to’ the economic problems, recommending the
establishment of methods for removing products from the rural areas, to the
urban areas, as well as for moving to this province all the goods currently

in the ports of Lobito and Luanda. The assistant provincial commissioner had
already called attention to this problem earlier, and also expressed dissatis—
faction over the fact that they had not been unloaded in the port of Namibe,
which is closer and less expensive.

At this session of the People's Assembly, measures were also adopted with
respect to those in charge, making it possible, in one way or another, to
expand the parallel marketing systems.

This measure is obviously aimed at reducing sales at speculative prices, which

have recently increased sharply, as the products have become scarce in the
legal commercial establishments.

10



JPRS-SSA- 84-075

28 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ANGOLA

ECOWAS Policy on Movements Examined

(Uka Ezenwe; THE DEMOCRAT WEEKLY, 13 May 84) ..sseeeseeee 1
Provincial Commissioner Visits Kaala Production Units

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 22 May 84) .sccssceeccccceccceteceeecs 4
Effects of War on Production in Huila Province

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 26 May 84) .escecscscccssscccececceees 8
Malanje Assistant Commissioner on Energy, Community Services

(Cristovao Domingos da Cunha Interview; JORNAL DE ANGOLA,

23 May 84) wiccccccccccccrcccvcccvcccecccesecesccsenssees 12
Portuguese Daily on Security, Relations With South Africa

(O DIABO, 29 May 84) wscsssevecccsvccecccscvesesseeveeecs 4
Central Committee Production Department Holds National Meeting

(Eugenio Diogo; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 May 84) ...secseeeee 17
Potential of New Textang II Textile Factory Discussed

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 26 May 84) sssssccescccscceccerevseucs 19
Benguela Province Agricultural Council Meeting

(Domingos Muhongo, Correa Victor; JORNAL DE ANGOLA,

29 May 84) cicccccccccccccccccccevcvevcecvcscessceceeeees 21
Briefs

Two FAPLA Soldiers Sentenced 23

New ODP Combatants 23

Comandante Dangereux Brigade Operations 23

Provincial Flights 24

Yugoslav Cooperation in Agriculture 24

New Provincial Officials 25

Cabinda Port Figures 25

ODP Combatants Destroy Camp 26

-~a- {III - NE & A - 120]



CHAD

ATTACK ON QADHDHAFI SEEN TO REFLECT DISCONTENT
N'Djamena AL-WATAN in French 12 May 84 p 1

/Text/ Qadhdhafi is no longer deceiving anyone, not even the Libyan people.

A striking demonstration of this exposure of the lunatic from Syrte was illustrated
by the failed coup d'etat of 8 May 1984 within the presidential residence itself,
the Azizia barracks in Tripoli.

From now on, Qadhdhafi, the fascist, the expansionist, the proslaver must not
in any case believe himself safe from attack.

Several opposition movements, one of which, the National Front for the Salvation
of Libya /FNSL/, set up in October 1981 in Khartoum, Sudan, has just claimed
responsibility for the botched bid for power in Tripoli, are henceforth struggling
alongside the Libyan people to crush the small-footed Berber scatterbrain and

his tryannical power against all peace-loving peoples, in particular the Libyan
and Chadian peoples whom he seeks to subjugate.

Isolated at the international level because of his barbarous criminal and
fascist acts, in particular the organized liquidation aimed at all opponents
abroad, the Libyan people and those of the border countries hostile to his
barbarous policy, rejected and loathed by his own people, bogged down in his
inordinate ambitions to conquer Chad in order to make it a bridgehead for his
policy of expansion, Qadhdhafi is a hunted man. Libyan national and international
opinion is sufficiently steeped in the masquerades of the wild man who merits
only a punishment worthy of the framework of his type. He will no longer be
able to escape. The Libyan Army, the Libyan people, Libyan youth, all are fed
up to the teeth and reject this megalomaniac. The proof, Qadhdhafi himself has
acknowledged that "the commando group that made an attempt on his life had
benefited from internal complicities." Naturally, Qadhdhafi, who thought he was
a god and the most beloved. of a people that is sick of his trickery and malfea-
sance, is only now aware of his hysterical hallucination.

Finally aware of this rejection, mad with rage, he is multiplying arrests,

ordering assassinations, creating confusion, the source of his own ruin. Qadhdhafi
is today with his back to the wall. And it is not Mohamed Yusuf El-Maghariaf,
former Libyan ambassador to New Delhi, a fierce opponent of Qadhdhafi and
spokesman for the new organization (FNSL), who will contradict us.

31



NIGERIA

CORN SHORTAGE HITS POULTRY FARMS
Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 May 84 pp 1, 10
{Article by Chris Nnoli]

[Excerpt] THE Poultry industry has become one of the major casualties of the
austerity measures supposedly adopted to salvage the country's economy

An investigation by the Sunday Times showed that many poultry farms are sell-
ing off their chickens because of acute shortage of maize and concentrates.

Maize, which accounts for about Sixty Per cent of the poultry feeds now costs
N1,500 per tonne as against the selling price of W240 this time last year.

Some feed millers, who have not folded up already are now forced by the short~
age to reduce maize input in feed formulation. The result has been that egg
production has fallen below Fifty Per cent and the farmers are having diffi-
cult time keeping the birds on the farms. -

A veterinary consultant, and a former secretary-general of Poultry Association
of Nigeria (PAN), Dr. A. A. Fadeyi said the doom, poultry industry had always
feared has finally befallen it. "This could be the end of the poultry indus-
try. I cannot see the industry surviving these blows especially the outbreak
of all sorts of diseases due to inadequate supply of feeds".

He added that many hatcheries were selling off hatchable eggs because of the
fear that they might not be able to sell their day-old chicks imported with a
lot of foreign exchange.

Dr. Fadeyi said that if the situation remained unchanged, the country would
likely face acute shortage of poultry products within the next two months.

He said he would want it put on record that the scarcity of eggs and poultry
meat would not be because

CSO: 3400/1057

73



ANGOLA

POTENTIAL OF NEW TEXTANG II TEXTILE FACTORY DISCUSSED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 May 84 p 12

[Text] The Textang II textile complex, the largest undertaking of its kind in
Angola, the first phase of which was started in December 1983, requires its
most prompt completion, so that it may occupy the place reserved for it in
the nation's socioeconomic development.

Construction on the project began in 1974 and it was soon interrupted, just
before independence. The work was started in 1982 and, at present, the civil
construction work, installation of equipment, electrical facilities, air
conditioning and other technical systems have been completed on the average
by 90 percent.

The factory, comprised of three different areas, namely, the spinning, weaving
and finishing, will be able, once it has been totally completed, to produce
nearly 12 million meters of fabric per year; which would not only meet the
domestic demand, but would also provide enough for exporting.

However, forecasts or installed capacity are one thing, and. the other side
of the matter is real production and the attempt to fulfill what has been
scheduled, to the letter.

In this connection, there is a need to have as a main concern the notion that
the project has to be finished. To accomplish this, it will be necessary

to import immediately the accessories required to complete the installation
of the equipment, and to hasten the civil construction work on the social and
administrative building, in addition to that on the sanitation and river
drainage systems, as well as the cleanup and the respective paving.

In order to finish the civil construction work, Cimangola [Angolan. Cement]
will have to give priority to the deliveries of cement to the complex and
will be provided with all the other construction materials on which the
progress of the project is similarly contingent.

If it is a fact that the management of the complex agrees that, despite the

various contingencies, the project should be completed by the end of this
year, the challenge that this represents is not minor; and it is hoped that

19





ZIMBABWE

TOWNS DIRECTED TO FORM COOPERATIVE BODIES
MB090900 Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 9 Jun 84

[Text] The minister of local government and town planning, Comrade Enos
Chikowore, has directed that each city and town council establish a department
of cooperatives and a committee of councillors on cooperatives. Closing the
43d annual conference of the Association of Urban Councils in Masvingo yester-
day, Comrade Chikowore said the directive to form cooperatives and income-
generating projects is government policy for transforming a capitalist economy
into a socialist one. He said the transformation should be guided by principles
of scientific socialism. He noted that in the development process, planning
should be considered more important instrument in the process of planning.
Comrade Chikowore urged local authorities not to depend on externally borrowed
money for their development projects.

The deputy secretary responsible for finance in the ministry, Comrade Dominic
Mandaza, said local authorities should seek alternative sources of revenue to
supplement existing ones, which are inadequate to support the increasing needs.
He said that traditional sources of revenue, such as beer profits, motor ve-
hicle licenses, service charges, rents, rates, have reached saturation point.
The deputy secretary pointed out that these sources have also become politically
objectionable, while at the same time the local authorities face challenges for
improved services which they have been created to provide.

The mayor of Masvingo, Councillor Thomas Zawaira, was elected president of the
Association of Urban Councils of Zimbabwe at the close of the 3-day conference.
He was the association's first vice president in the outgoing executive and
will serve for 1 year. Councillor (Watama) of Chinhoyi and the chairman of the
Chitungwiza Town Council, Comrade (Chitongo), were elected first and second
vice presidents, respectively.

CSO: 3400/1087

88



LESOTHO

BRIEFS

RSA CAMPAIGN TO TOPPLE GOVERNMENT--A prominent African magazine says that South
Africa is mounting a serious campaign to topple the present government of
Lesotho in the forthcoming elections. The AFRICAN INTERPRETER says in a recent
issue that Pretoria remains opposed to the present Lesotho Government under

the Basotho National Party because of its support for OAU resolutions condemning
apartheid, and its active membership of the nonaligned movement. The paper says
that in spite of many provocations, the people of Lesotho have resolved to con-
tinue to support their government under the prime minister, the Right Honorable
Dr Leabua Jonathan, in his brotherly and humanitarian policies towards the
victims of apartheid. The AFRICAN INTERPRETER says that courageous Lesotho
deserves more African and international material and diplomatic support than
she is receiving at the moment. The paper launches an appeal to the inter-
national community, church organizations, and progressive journalists to join
hands with the people of Lesotho in their efforts to consolidate their freedom
and independence. The AFRICAN INTERPRETER concludes by recommending more in-
ternational presence in Lesotho in the form of more UN regional agencies in
Maseru, the holding of an OAU summit in Lesotho, and the physical location in
Maseru of representatives of international news media to cover events in
Southern Africa. [Text] [MB121744 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600

GMT 12 Jun 84]

CSO: 3400/1086

43



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

SCHOLARSHIPS FOR USSR STUDY--The Ministry of Education has announced that a
number of scholarships are being offered to suitably qualified Batswana for
studies at institutions of higher education and technical schools in the
Soviet Union. A news reledse from the ministry says the applicants should
have passed Cambridge ordinary school certificate or its equivalent with
credits in mathematics, a science subject, and a pass in the English language.
Suitable candidates will pursue studies in medicine, industrial and civil en-
gineering, architecture. railway construction and maintenance, and bridges and
tunnel construction. Courses are offered at both undergraduate and graduate
levels. The release says candidates must be between 20 and 27 years old by
September this year and applications are to reach the Bursary Secretary,
Minister of Education, Private Bag 005, Gaborone, by the 13th of this month.
Applicants from serving officers must pass through heads of departments and
employers. [Text] [MB081419 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1127 GMT

8 Jun 84]

cso: 3400/1082

27



cso:

3400/1052

By-laws

It is indeed encouraging to note that the co-
operative ministry is already in the process of im-
plementing the president’s directive. According to
the permanent secretary, Mr. Archibald Githinji,
ministry officials are busy studying by-laws and
other requirements for the new union. When the
union is registered, farmers will be advised to Start
channelling their produce through it. Grain far-
ming forms an important part of Kenya’s
agriculture. Coffee, tea, pyrethrum and dairy pro-
ducts are major cash crops, but grain production
forms a central part of the national food produc-
tion policy. We hope farmers will take advantage
of this new organisation, which will also be a
source of employment for many wananchi,
especially in the rural areas.

The co-operative movement, we repeat, has pro-
ved itself a tool of development. The number of
registered co-operative societies increased from
1,030 in 1963 through 1,964 in 1970 to 3,111 in
1979. The present figure is, of course, much
higher. We embrace the government’s continued
support for the growth of the movement. All co-
operative leaders should continue to put the in-
terest of their members above Personal ambitions
and petty political squabbles, a call which the
president has consistently made.

36



PALM OIL PROJECT PLANNED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 May 84 p 1

[Text]

A PLANNING team of palm oll
specialists, beaded by one of the
world’s leading palm oil agrono-
mists, is due to arrive in Harare
next month in connection with a
buge $53 million plantation deve-
lopmeat project being planned in
the Mwenezi district of the south-
eastlowveld.

The proposed plantation is a pro-
ject of GMHL Holdings, which is
70% owned by the Aberfoyle Hol-
dings PLC, in a joint venture with
the Masimba Export and Import
company of Harare with a 30%
shareholding.

The scheme has been supported
by the Ministries of Agriculture
and Water Development and re-
ports oa the project have been pu-
blished abroad:

A spoxesman for GMHL Hold-
ings in Harare told a Gazette re-
porter yesterday that the Govern-
ment was now considering the pro-
ject.

The proposed 8 000ha palm oil
plantation is envisaged as ultima-
tely giving employment to about
4000 workers when it comes to
maturity about five years after pla-
nting. An additional 4 000 ha is to
be allocated for out-growers and
smallholders, which will also give

CSO: 3400/1088

employment to some 4000 more
workers.

However, the entire project is
dependent on the Government
building a $47,7 million dam 48
km north of Rutenga in the south-
east lowveld. It is estimated that
the foreign-exchange costs of the
plantation project would amount
to $20 million. But once in produc-
tion it would produce some $36
million worth of palm oil a year of
which about $30 million could be
‘exported.

The spokesman said yesterday
that as the matter was: still under
consideration by government, he
‘was not in a position to cominent
on financial details. But he con-
firmed that subject to government
approval, the planning team would
arrive in Harare at the end of June
in order to produce a complete

strategic plan for the establishment :

of the proposed commercial plan-
tation.

Heading the team would be a
palm oil specialist and agronomist,
Mr John Piggott, and an engineer,
Mr Jack Maycock, who specialises
in palm oil development.

Their work would be backed by

86

ZIMBABWE

local computer facilities centred at
the GMHL Holdings company in
Harare, said the spokesman.

Aberfoyle, which is quoted on
the London Stock Exchange, took
over most of the local interests of
the international trading group,
Guthrie Corporation PLC, in
October last year.

Agriculturists in Harare said this
week .that if the palm oil project
goes ahead, it could ultimately
earn considerable foreign currency
for Zimbabwe. The oil is in keen
demand abroad,

It could also give a considerable
boost to the Mwenezi area, as an
estimated 60 000 people would be-
nefit, averaging six people to a
family for the 8 000 or so workers
to be employed on the completed
palm oil projects, and another
2 000 or more would be engaged in
support and service industries for
the plantation,

In addition, it is probable that
the palm oil development would
involve associated commergial far-
ming operations in order to supply
and Yeed the large new population
group which would be connected
with the plantation project.



Alexandrino Silva presided over the closing ceremony, representing Provincial
Commissioner Kundy Paihama. After praising the way in which the meeting was
conducted, in an atmosphere of perfect understanding and revolutionary valor,
Alexandrino Silva urged that special attention be paid to the system of supplying
essential products to the workers and also to the defense and security forces,
which watch over the production units day and night.

6362
CSO: 3442/387

22



ZIMBABWE

ZTA CHAIRMAN COMMENTS ON GOOD FUTURE OF TOBACCO INDUSTRY

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 May 84 "The Farming Gazette Sup-

plement" p 25

[Text]

ZIMBABWE'S tobacco industry
since Independence has a proven
track record of growth, and manu-
facturers throughout the world
fully understand its vast potential.

That was the opinion of one of
tobacco’s best known names,
Tuppy Wrench, during an inter-
view with the Farming Gazette on
future, prospects for an industry
which is now one of the mest vital
in the Zimbabwean economy.

The chairman of the Zimbabwe
Tobacco Association (ZTA) said
that this time last year he was in
Europe reassuring buyers that des-
pite security problems in Matabele-
land the tobacco industry was alive
and growing.

/rench said that the tobacco
industry is “‘dynamic’’ and backed
by a fine research organisation
which is ready to play its part in
training would-be tobacco farmers
outside the commercial growing
areas as well as back up the
country’s 1 200 licensed growers.

* “For anyone who has decided to
stay in Zimbabwe the tobacco
industry offers wonderful oppor-
tunities”, this grower of 35 years’
experience said.

Expressing “slight disappoint-
ment’? about the present prices
being paid for Zimbabwean
tobacco, Mr- Wrench pointed out
that prices will rise as sales con-
tinue.

“We can’t help but be dis-
appointed at the moment," he
said. “But when we look at what is
going on around us and look at
Zimbabwe in the context of a sup-
Plier of an __ international

cso: 3400/1088

commodity, then the prices that we
are seeing on the floor today re-
flect pretty much the problems that
other producing countries are hav-
ing with styles of tobacco, the
lower portion of the plant that we
are selling at this time.”

As the leaf styles come on the
crop growers can expect ““signifi-
cant increases” in prices.

Mr Wrench explained that the
$200 million expected from this
season’s crop was a “minimum
figure’’ and pointed out that tob-
acco is the country’s most valuable
agricultural foreign exchange earn-
er.

He warned that tobacco growers
— along with other Zimbabwean
farmers — are facing “appalling”
financial problems. He estimated
that the recent 43% fertiliser price-
hike, plus other input cost rises,
could put $54 extra on the cultiva-
tion of a hectare.

Mr Wrench said because of low
maize prices (still $140 a tonne
though farmers are pressing for a
price review, no later than the mid-
dle of June) some farmers might be
tempted to move into cotton and
tobacco.

The market would not be
flooded, he said, because before a
man grows tobacco he must have a
licence and a quota.

There is considerable over-pro-
duction throughout the world but
thanks to the excellence of ZTA’s
research facilities Zimbabwe will
be able to concentrate on styles of
tobacco, the types required by
manufacturers, not merely think
about production figures. .
cured. .

A Chinese trade delegation is

87

currently examining Zimbabwean
tobacco and it would prove ideal to
blend with their own.

Commented Mr Wrench: “I’ve
spoken to them and certainly they
seem to be pleased with what
they*ve seen. They did buy a small
parcel of tobacco earlier in the year
and if they buy another one this
will be a good sign. It will mean, in
fact, they are looking for a con-
tinuous Purchase from Zimba-

we”?

Last year Zimbabwe also sold
approximately 13 million kg to
South Africa which grows a small
crop of 20-25 million kg (Virginia)
every year.

Zimbabwe, which has 30 licen-
sed dealers, sold tobacco to North
Africa, USA, the Middle East and
the Far East last year. «

Mr Wrench considered that it
would not be wise to think about
changing existing marketing arran-
gements with world buyers. He
said the tobacco industry was
rooted in the free enterprise system
and that any interference in that
time-tested system would be
greeted overseas with both ‘sus-
picion and opposition.””

The ZTA leader said that the
industry is ready to help smallscale
farmers to grow tobacco and it
would encourage training if there
is the need. .

The tobacco industry is a major
supplier of labour and Mr Wrench
said that were it to shut down
tomorrow the samé number of
people as those who live in Bula-
wayo would be affected. That cer-
tainly is not on the cards.



Following the visit to the Angola-Cuba Friendship production unit, Lt Col
Joao Ernesto dos Santos (Liberdade) visited the Cassoco cooperative where
Gastao Sambambi was very happy with thé announcement that they would soon
get a tractor and a vehicle for the Cassoco cooperative; but he was rather
hurt by the behavior of some officials involved in the sales system in
the rural areas who did not respond quickly enough to the need for in-
creasing barter, thus causing the deterioration of products on’ several
occasions, :

As we were able to see for ourselves, the ENCOPIDA [National Company for the
Purchase and Distribution of Agricultural Products] branch in the township
was doing a rather poor job, quite in contrast to what one might have
expected of it. On-the other hand, there is also'a shortage of commodities
at this time which are urgently needed in the rural areas. This situation
has to do with goods for use in barter against agricultural products; this
is a matter for serious contemplation on the part of Domestic Trade
Ministry officials so as not to dampen the enthusiasm of the peasants
(which indeed did happen) because that would make them work only for

their own personal consumption. It is furthermore absolutely necessary

to strengthen the worker-peasant alliance in practical terms because that
is one of the fundamental premises for the construction of socialism, the
way through which we seek to build the country.

In addition to the production units under the Caala agricultural ‘and livestock
enterprise, there are other major projects which are being erected by EMPREDI
[Building Construction Enterprise?] on request of the provincial agricultural
delegation. This involves the birdhouses of 25 [as published] which are now
being started.

As Antonio Nobrega told us, "each birdhouse will have a capacity for about
10,000 chicks which we will have in the province within a few months and for
which we already have guarantees as to fodder supply."

The success expected in this agricultural and livestock sector at Caala, which
is very rich in agricultural and livestock. potential, is due to the hard

work of the 210 workers, including four tractor operators, farm workers,
mechanics, and others.

Meeting with Party Officials

During his visit, Lieutenant Colonel Liberdade met with party and government
officials in the township where, on the basis of the observations made during



NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT-OWNED STEEL FIRMS UNDER FIRE FROM STAFF ASSOCIATION
Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 28 May 84 p 6

[Text] GOVERNMENT owned iron and steel companies have been condemned for
failing to implement the collective agreement signed with the Senior Staff
Association in the industry in 1982.

Mr. J. 0. Nwejike, the president of Senior Staff Association of Nigeria made
this allegation at the Delegates Conference of the association which took
Place in Lagos.

The agreement which was claimed to have been approved by the Federal Ministry
of Employment, Labour and Productivity was being flouted by some companies
mostly from the public sector.

He added that some of them would only pay christmas bonus when pressure was
brought on them while some do not honour part of the agreement on inconven-
dence allowance to members since they were not entitled to overtime allowance.

The president noted that in the face of this open provocation, the association
has displayed a high degree sense of maturity in handling the grievances.

He further said that the association has on record some companies that have
not paid their staff salaries for almost one year. The association, he
stressed, has not resorted to any industrial action in spite of the
provocation.

Though the employees' association would not want to accuse the Employees’
Association as a body, Mr. Nwejike said that the Asian sponsored companies,
who, he claimed, always engage in subversive activities to silence the union
from existing in their various establishments.

The president who did not give the names of the companies that are in the em-
ployees' bad books, said that there were some British firms which he said,
always overload their companies with expatriates. These companies, he

claimed, employed expatriates as sales managers, chief accountants leaving no
Prospects for the indigenes.

“We have suffered more than any other association in the area of lay-off".
Other companies, he added, have even folded up while the existing ones are
struggling for survival. He therefore called on the Federal Military Govern-
ment to make it a priority to issue open general licence to all manufacturers.

C80: 3400/1041
58



NIGERIA

CATTLE PRODUCTION DOWN BECAUSE OF LACK OF FUNDS
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 May 84 pp 1, 13

[Article by Dupe Motojehi]

[Text] GENERAL Manager of the National Livestock ProduetionCom-
pany, (NLPC), Professor Shehu Alhaji Bida has said work especially
in the cattle production sector was grinding to a halt for lack of fun
to buy cattle.

He told the New Nigerian i in Kaduna that many members of staff of
the company were idling away because there was no cattle for them to
work on adding that he might ask the Federal Military Government to
intervene.
~ The NLPC buys cattle for fattening, breeding and slaughtering.

Professor Shehu said the over-head cost of running its ranches and
abbatoirs had remained constant even though only skeletal services
were now being offered.

Professor Shehu said the NLPC _ because the price had substan-
had for a long time been han- ell increased from 1.20 Naira
dicay because it had never en- logram price quoted when

uate capital invest- ihe loan was being negotiated.
ment, ‘i that its perfor- Right now, the cattle contrac-
id consequently been tors were demanding for three
very low. Naira a per kilogramme of life cat-

‘AS a result of this, Professor __ tle and this, the general manager
Shehu said, the NLPC had said, would shoot the company’s
secured 4.9 million Naira loan per kilogramme to
from the Nigerian Agricultural about nine Netra,

Co- operative Bank Limited Because of this he explained
(NACB) to enable it carry outits the NLPC had folded ri arms
obligation to meat ction. from more cattle, He said

The 2.2 million Naira already cattle would not accept
released by the bank recently for —_ chques while the currency ration-
the current fiscal year could ing in banks had made difficult
however not be used to buy cattle —_ for the company to pay in cash.

cso: 3400/1057

74


MADAGASCAR ~

MONJA JAONA BASE RULING EXPLAINED
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 4 May 84 ppl, 2, 6
(Article by R. J. A.: "The Monja Jaona Case"]

[Text] Considering its importance, we return once more to the indictment of
Mr Norbert Ratsirahonana, commissioner of law before the Supreme Court during
the debate on Mr Monja Jaona's petition. He was eager at the outset to spec~
ify that he was not going to defend the government but to explain as clearly
as possible the law in force concerning this affair, the complexity of which
has escaped no one. "In its conclusion," he added, "the State contends that
the administrative chamber does not have the authority to rule on Monja
Jaona's petition."

"It, therefore, concerns a problem which must be solved so that this affair
can be studied calmly. If we accept this lack of jurisdiction, to what court
should one appeal?" After emphasizing the importance of the Supreme Revolu-
tionary Council's powers and recalling the various measures that enter into
the nomination of a CSR [Supreme Revolutionary Council] member, he brought up
the resignation from office of a CSR member who failed in his responsibilities
or committed an act contrary to the Revolution.

"If the president of the Republic can dismiss a minister at any time without
having to give a reason, the dismissal of a Supreme Revolutionary Council
member should, on the contrary, be motivated by some anti-revolutionary act
that he has committed, completely at odds with the very function of the CSR:
"to defend the Revolution.'"

Can one then deduce from this that the dismissal of Mr Monja Jaona is based
on his failure to fulfill this fundamental duty of the Supreme Revolutionary
Council? Whatever the reasons be, this possibility of dismissing a CSR member
demands some "means of control" in order to lend more weight to the decision,
without which it would be like dismissing a member of the government whose
law in force does not require that specific reasons be given.

"What court then could exercise this control?" At the moment it does not
yet exist, but could the ANP [National Popular Assembly] or the HCC [High
Constitutional Court] determine the body having jurisdiction over the matter
in the event that this petition has a chance of "escaping the law," since the

4h


MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SHIPPING PROJECT WITH MALAWI, TANZANIA~-A trilateral shipping project is to be
developed on Lake Niasa within the framework of the Southern African Develop-
ment Coordination Conference. Mozambique's deputy minister for shipping,
Isaias Muhate, has said that Mozambique, Malawi, and Tanzania will be involved
in the project. Speaking to Radio Mozambique, Mr Muhate said the proejct en-
visages participation by the three countries in defining and coordinating ac-
tivities on the lake to benefit all three. Mr Muhate said Mozambique had not
yet been able to make the best use of the lake from the economic point of
view. He stressed that Malawian and Tanzanian participation in the project
would help Mozambique to gain experience, Also on Lake Miasa, a vessel
equipped with sophisticated machinery for fisheries research is to go into
service for Mozambique, The research vessel was bought from the UN FAO after
it had come to the aid of a research program on the lake for neighboring
Malawi. Finance for the purchase of the vessel was provided by the Nordic
countries’ cooperation program in Mozambique. The boat, called the (Orion),
is already on the Mozambican shore of Lake Niasa and will replace a research
boat which was destroyed by fire last year. [Text] [MBO90500 Maputo in
English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 8 Jun 84] .

SWAZILAND-MAPUTO ROAD PROJECT--The Swedish International Development Authority
is providing about 15 million to financé a road improvement project in the
south of Mozambique. The project is for the rehabilitation and upgrading of a
62-km road linking Maputo City with the town of Namaacha on the bordet with
Swaziland. A completely new stretch of road will be built to replace the
winding 30-km section from the Matola River to the junction just near the town
of Boane. Tenders have already been submitted by Swedish companies. A spokes-
man for the Mozambican roads and bridges department said that work was expected
to begin toward the end of this year. The project is scheduled to be completed
in 2 years. The improvement of the road linking Maputo City with Swaziland is
one of the projects sponsored by the Southern African Development Coordination
Conference. Work has already started on upgrading 40 km of gravel road on the
Swaziland side of the border with Mozambique. [Text] [MB150719 Maputo in
English ‘to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 14 Jun 84]

CSO: 3400/1087

46


"FOOD FOR WORK' PROGRAM--The minister of justice, legal and parliamentary
affairs, Comrade Eddison Zvobgo, has urged people not to mistake the food for
work program with enforced labor. Addressing a rally at (Takawaradza) in Chibi
Central, Masvingo, at the weekend, Comrade Zvobgo said the program is aimed at
providing the people with food and, at the same time, developing their areas.
He also said the food for work program lays emphasis on self-reliance instead
of people waiting for handouts from the government. At (Mdadishi) School,
Chibi North, the ZANU-PF provincial chairman, Comrade Nelson Mawema, said the
government will continue or provide food to the people whose areas have been
hit by almost four successive years of drought. The president of the senate,
Comrade Nolan Makombe, also addressed a rally in Chibi, where he urged the
people to improve sanitation and housing in order to combat disease in the rural
areas. [Text] [MB110556 Harare Domestic Service in English 0400 GMT 11 Jun 84]

csO: 3400/1087 END

90



Last year, out of a plan for 10,000 cattle, only about 4,000 were market-
ed, and the reports indicate that, although hogs and goat species may have
exceeded the plan, the figures reached do not represent positive results, when
one considers the livestock potential and theprovince's meat consumption needs.

Insecurity and the lack of a supply of vehicles and railroad facilities at the
time, which were almost all destroyed by the racist army's invasions, as well
as by self-armed bandit attacks, are also present in the distribution of fish,
which is now meager, and not being carried out equitably by all the municipa-
lities. There are municipalities, such as Chicomba, which did not have the
benefit of either dried or fresh fish during the first quarter of this year,
for the reasons cited.

"1983: 12 Kilograms of Fish per Inhabitant!

Documents from the fish distributor disclose that last year the province receiv-
ed approximately 7,000 tons of fish (frozen, dried and semi-cured); which, also
a priori, means that every inhabitant consumed only 12 kilograms of fish during
the entire year of 1983. However, the figures indicate that this year's plan
calls for the same amount.

Also with regard to feed, because the factory is producing only a quarter of
its capacity, the desired increase in poultry raising is jeopardized, according
to the assistant commissioner's claim.

The province's government actually intended to recover 30,000 chicks in the
poultry area which, in the absence of feed, would lead anyone to attribute
great credibility to that provincial official.

Marketing in the Rural Area

There is no doubt that the marketing in the rural area, and the difficulties
posed, when one assesses the country's overall situation, have also been an
immense obstacle to the province. The problems begin when an attempt is made
to barter, and what the peasants want is lacking. The rural workers want,

in exchange for what they produce, motorcycles, bicycles, farm tools, fabrics
and clothing, shoes, blankets, beverages. radios and dry-cell batteries, soap,
sugar, edible oils, etc.

Concurrently, the insecurity of the access routes to the municipalities and
traditional farming communes, owing to the action of the bandits armed by
South Africa, who attack along the roads, kill and loot, is included among
the reasons for the presence of hundreds of tons of corn, and white and sweet
potatoes, being held by the growers, most of which spoils.

Also included in these reasons are the thousands of head of bovine and caprine
livestock being held by the breeders for marketing; while the population,
mainly that of Lubango, cannot procure a kilogram of meat at the butcher's
shops except through other means which are often those involving clandestine