SOUTH AFRICA

MP'S DISCUSS UNREST EFFECTS ON COLOREDS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 May 86 p 9
[Article by Jacques van Wyk: "The Longer Unrest Lasts, the More Dangerous"]

{Text] The Coloreds are a middle group between the Whites and Blacks. How
are they affected by the unrest in the Eastern Cape? In this installment, the
sixth in.our series on the unrest, the opinions of three members of the
Council of Representatives are given on the occasion of interviews which
Jacques van Wyk conducted with them.

The radicals have in certain respects gotten control over the black
residential neighborhoods of East London and some other: black residential
areas in his constituency, and they are not going to give up that control
easily, Mr Peter Mopp, Labor MP for Grens, says. Mr Mopp does not think the
unrest will disappear easily and quickly. Although it has diminished in the
Eastren Cape, it has not yet at all calmed down. The longer it lasts, the
greater the danger becomes that it may get worse and later turn into something
which is to nasty to think about and in which defenseless people especially
would suffer the worst.

Commando

The country cannot afford for people to run around and stir up racial hatred
in such a climate. At present the government is restricting only leftist
radicals, while certain far rightists are freely allowed to promulgate racial
hatred. Coloreds were attacked last year by Blacks at Queenstown, where a
road separates the colored neighborhood from the black neighborhood. A
Colored was killed by the so-called necklace method. In response to that, the
Coloreds set up a commando in the town to protect the area. The riots were
the worst in East London, where all the black schools were burned down. One
of the colored schools there was presumably set on fire by Blacks and a small
bunch of Coloreds, and the whole top floor burned down.

Moved In
The radical elements are not very strong among the Coloreds in East London,

but they ruled in various respects in certain black residential areas such as
Dunean Village. The colored area along the Douglas Smith Highway in East

57



special meetings in 1987 to tie up the plan for financing this investment
program. :

([HOROYA] What are-the other areas that might fall within the scope of your
department? :

{Benjamin] The other areas in the competence of my department involve first
of all the promotion of international cooperation. ‘Here we need to give a
definite content to our cooperation with bilateral and multilateral
institutions with regard to economic and financial affairs as well as
scientific and cultural issues--always of course in the closest cooperation
with the respective technical ministries.

Another area is the promotion of outside private investments, which is within
the scope of the National Center for the Promotion of Private Investments. To
accomplish this task, we are closely collaborating with the Ministry for Human
Resources, the Ministry of Industry and PME [small and medium-size
businesses], and other organizations charged with the promotion of private
investments. :

As in other fields, it is also necessary for us to take heed of the definition
of our policy with regard to external debts and the management of technical
aid.

(HOROYA] Do we now know the level of our country's debts and the amount of
the debt service?

[Benjamin] The level of our country's debts and of debt service is quite
well known now. We have just completed a survey of our debts including
evaluation of the necessary debt service within the scope of the preparations
for the meeting of the Club of Paris, set to begin on 18 April 1986. At the
opportune moment, we will make available up-to-date data reflecting the result
of negotiations with our creditors.

(HOROYAJ What is the debt policy adopted by our government in order to put a
stop to the waste of our already very limited resources?

{Benjamin] Our external debt policy will be carefully worked out once we
are sure of the updated financial commitments to our creditors. For that we
need to await the results of the Club of Paris meeting and, in particular, the
effect of the rescheduling of our external debt.

I am already confidently assert that the’ essential points of our policy will
be the Following: Recourse to concessionary loans, in other words loans at
very low rates of interest and with repayment terms in excess of 15-20 years.
Such credits are available, and we simply must resolutely seek them out.

Secondly and as a corollary to the first point, we will have recourse to

commercial loans once the priorities of debts on these terms is established
and we have no choice but to assume such loans. Third is the need to

23



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201. ws



SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL PARTY'S INFORMATION OFFICER ON CURRENT PARTY ISSUES
Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 9 May 86 p 47

[Interview with Chris Rencken, MP for Benoni, National Party's Chief
information officers; date and place not given]

[Text] FM: Rightwing opponents allege the NP does not have a mandate for
the changes government is making.

Rencken: That's absolute nonsense. The 1983 referendum gave us a two-thirds
majority to implement a new constitution to share power between whites,
coloureds and Indians. What is true is that we don't have a mandate to share
power with blacks. But we are not doing so. We are merely negotiating the
sharing of power with blacks and we don't need a mandate to do so. We need
a mandate to implement the results of the negotiations and the State
President has indicated that when we reach that stage, we will have a refer-
endum or general election to get the necessary mandate.

What are the prospects of a general election or a referendum in the near
future?

It depends on when we are ready to implement a new constitution which will
include blacks at the highest level of government; and that is something
that does not depend on the NP alone, it depends on all other parties to the
negotiation who at this stage are the retarding factor.

Do you believe the NP would accept the scrapping of the Group Areas Act?

I can only repeat what the State President said in this regard. Individual
Acts are not holy cows. In fact, for the past few years this Act has been
amended in some way or another every year. Therefore, I am not going to
say we won't scrap Group Areas. But the NP stands for the right of every
population group to maintain its own community life which includes its own
residential areas and schools. The Group Areas Act per se could very well
be scrapped or amended.

The NP's federal congress in Durban in August looks like being a crucial
event.

66



Injuries With iight arid a
cold front approach:

Asked whom she ing, refugees could
thought was behind “find nowhete safe to:
all the violence, she hide, with their chil
said she blamed. a dren; As one dis-:

specific white mati
who could speak

‘ trauglil, molher. sid
“They'll come and et |

Xhosa. When his tis ath ight it is. not
name was mentiotied; 7 even. safe here.”
a huge group of jeer: ps Police have repeat.
ing women crowd ded ‘edly denied takisig
rotind to Jend sii port. i aldes in, the: etirtenit{
to her statement fighting and have oiit-¢
“We know him. 18: + Mned - positive steps |
Speaks Xhosa: dnd | they ate taking to stop |
lold us‘ this niorting eit

al 5am that those who:
had fought with the:
vigilantes would stay}
and those who did not:
would have to go back’
to Kattitland. (he) 1s
burning the foea:s
tion.” i :
‘There was only oe
student doclof. on)
duly with the Red:
Cross until Jiitieh=;
time. Later he vas
joined by. a visiting:
Germtii doctor and
two other doctors. St
Jobns Ambilance
and Sacla CHuic stall
arrived with medical
supplies and women.
with babies tmniedt--
ately be; can queueing.
for trealmeiit.
According to & ited:
Cross workers, the.
most common. fijue
jes were from birt
shot and gunshot
wounds, Many babies.
had beeit {rented for
“sympto
Bass
rhoea.

1.2828
CSO: 3400/1848

77



but much of the blame belongs to the Angolans, who were unable to provide
direction or to establish objectives. But the problem is not so much that as
the drop in petroleum prices."

In fact, that is.the case: it is responsible, just by itself, for more than
90 percent of the country's debt. With a production of about 300,000 barrels
per day and 10.4 million tons in 1984--that is, the second highest level south
of the Sahara--the crude oil extracted from the Cabinda wells has constituted
the main support for an economy in a permanent state of war. One has only to
remember that Luanda estimated a production level of 20 million tons in 1990.

Instead, petroleum quotas have entered into a free-fall in the international:
markets, and Angola's other traditional exports (coffee and diamonds) are at
their lowest point ever. The assistance of the Scandinavian countries, and
especially Sweden, although important, is a drop in the ocean of budget
necessities of a government that considers military self-sufficiency a vital
need and a "national imperative."

As a result, the Luanda authorities have launched a vast "austerity package"
which, besides bringing about the "rapid and significant diminution of the
foreign work force," also envisions other measures: suspension of food
imports and"visas for foreign holiday travel, limitations on overseas tele-
phone calls, and reduction in fuel supplies to "friendly countries" like
Guine-Bissau and Sao Tome.

With regard to the cut in the number of cooperants, it is possible that
Angola will seek to offset this by-requiring the return to Angola of the
majority of exiled citizens or thosé living overseas. Among other reasons,
this would allow for the "recuperation" of the government apparatus of some of
the old guard from OCA; from the FNLA, and even of UNITA. (The best-known
case is the return of Daniel Chipenda, but other ex-dissidents are already
working in Luanda, seeking contact with Chiwale, a military commander in UNITA
who some time ago separated from Savimbi). Also, as EXPRESSO has already
mentioned, the Angolan embassy in Lisbon has met regularly with the Angolan
community there, trying to induce them to return, but apparently with no great
success due to the military instability of the country.

Food restrictions are so great that observers arriving from Luanda believe
they will aggravate the already deteriorated situation of public supplies,
and will benefit even more the so-called "parallel markets" controlled for the
most part by the thousands of Zairean "returnees." A closed, Lingala-French
speaking community. They arrived back in the days of Agostinho Neto and .
today occupy. important places*in government and, of course, in the parallel
commerce which in Luanda ‘supplies "Cala Boca" Plaza, "Tira Biquini" Plaza,
“Kanfufu" Plaza, and "Banga Sumo" Plaza, At prohibitive prices anything can
be bought there that is unavailable at state stores--from electrical
appliances to sausage, sandals, fresh beer; or a simple patent medicine--,
goods that are known to have been...[portion of text missing]...responsible
for the hunger situation on the continent. And they go even further,
proposing the carrying out of "pluralistic, free, and periodic elections
(...) that will legitimize the authorities in the eyes of the population,”

13



/12828
cso:

3400/1837

in disarray.

The advertised time
| for the meeting to begin
comes and goes with no
sign of Mr Botha.

After some vocal oppo-
sition, National Party
supporters finally con-
cede defeat but just as
the right-wingers prepare
to carry on with their
own meeting the police
arrive and order every-
one out the hall,

Following a five-sec-
ond warning which most
people did not even hear,
teargas grenades are
lobbed into the packed
hall. The building is ex-
tensively damaged by
panic-stricken people —
right-wingers and Na-
tional Party supporters
— who break down
. locked doors and smash

windows to escape.

Later a subdued Mr
Botha holds a closed
meeting at the local Na
tional Party headquar-
ters, from which the for-
eign media is banned,
while Mr TerreBlanche
and Mr Derby-Lewis ad-
dress thousands at the
local rugby stadium.

MAY 23 — WARDEN.
About 300 right-wingers
in a crowd of 500 disrupt
and then “hijack” a meet-
ing in the town scheduled
to be addressed by Agri-
culture Minister Mr Sarel
Hayward.

MAY 24 — ELLISRAS.
Mr Louis le Grange, Min-
ister of Law and Order,
becomes the first Cabinet
Minister to speak in the
Transvaal in a month.
Five AWB members are
arrested.

72



SOUTH AFRICA .

AID TO WESTERN CAPE BLACK AREA DISCUSSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 12 Apr 86 p 9
[article by Retief Pienaar: "No Slums, But Still Backwardness in W. Cape"]

(Text] At least nine black neighborhoods in the area of the Western Cape
Development Board can benefit from the special financial provision in the
recent budget for improving infrastructure services. Although, according to
the Western Cape Development Board, there are no critical conditions, there is
still great backwardness in that area.

Mr Timo Bezuidenhout, regional representative of the Department of
Constitutional Development and Planning in the Western Cape said that no black
area under the jurisdiction of the Western Cape Development Board can be
termed a slum neighborhood. In Zweletemba, the black neighborhood at
Worcester, where there have been repeated incidents of unrest in recent
months, the streets are poor and rocky and the houses relatively old, but,
according to Mr Bezuidenhoud, these are not critical circumstances. There are
1,036 residences, all supplied with water; the street lights are in fair
condition and all the houses have flush sanitation. There are storm water
pipes, but the houses do not have power. Although conditions are thus
relatively not too bad, they could always be better, Mr Bezuidenhoud says.

Tackled

According to him, the backwardness came about by the Western Cape having been
neglected for years because it was believed there would eventually be no
Blacks here. The policy of preference for Coloreds in the Western Cape was a
method not to encourage the presence of Blacks. Mr Bezuidenhoud says the
development of black areas was tackled on a larger scale in the past four
years, but still not enough. The development started to get momentum last
year after the policy of preference was changed. More money has been made
available since last year. The deputy minister of constitutional development
and planning, Mr Piet Badenhorst, visited some of the black areas in the
Western Cape last week and held talks with community council members. The
talks held at Hermanus led to R248,000 being made available for completing the
flush sanitation system in the black neighborhood.

30



relationship between work and wages. He mentions that the Ten Commandments
and Paul proceed from an assumption of a definite correlationship existing
between wages and work: "Underpayment (exploitation by the employer), as well
as underperformance (exploitation by the worker), are a disruption of the
relationship."

Wealth

"In the modern economic setup, inflation -- with its accompanying wage-price
spiral -- disrupts the relationship precisely because it makes underpayment,
as well as exaggerated wage demands, possible and real." Professor Du Toit
says the Scriptures do not condemn wealth: "The emphasis falls rather on the
way that it is possessed and spent. Miserly greed and the irresponsible waste
of earthly goods are in conflict with the nature of Christian stewardship,
which Calvin also emphasized. It is undoubtedly true that not all people have
the character and personality qualities to avoid the temptations which occur
from the power that wealth gives one. Wealth also holds danger for those who
do not possess it and may themselves live in a state of need and injustice
possibly as a result of the wealth of others."

Concerning the redistribution of wealth, Prof Du Toit says a just economic
system should always remain sensitive to the ideas of a just redistribution of
prosperity. "Such a redistribution does not necessarily mean that universal
equality of possession is made a goal. Although some may picture it that way,
especially in revolutionary circles, it should be based according to a
Christian ethic mainly on two objectives. "Firstly, a redistribution of
prosperity should -~ without going into the manner in which it should occur --
be aimed at making basic sustenance available to all, without regard to
persons; and in the second place this means that no one is limited to the
level of basic sustenance. Within the correlation of labor and wages it
should in principle be possible for everyone to be able to rise higher in
conformity with personal initiative and diligence. However, this variation of
possession must be questioned insofar as it becomes an inequality connected
with unequal opportunities and structural injustice."

Professor Du Toit says that, after all has been said about property, one thing
stands firm for the Christian: like all gifts from God, man must in the first
place use his possessions to honor God and in the service of His Kingdom.
This can only happen along the route of genuine stewardship, which forms the
nucleus of the Christian work and property ethic. This stewardship especially
obtains form on the basis of the commandment of love. Therefore, the first
demand of the faithful possessor is that his property is gratefully received
from the hand of God and is devoted to His service. The second, which is
equal to this, is that it should also be possessed with a view to one's fellow
man.

Widow
"Firstly, this love of one's neighbor demands that insofar as possible every
person will be given the opportunity for life-sustaining work, which

immediately presumes the requirement of fair compensation and safe working
conditions that respect the personal, social, religious, economic and family

37



SOUTH AFRICA

STORE BOYCOTTS IN PORT ELIZABETH CONSIDERED WELL ORGANIZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 May 86 p 9
(article: "Store Boycott in PE Well Organized"]

{Text]} The consumers boycott in Port Elizabeth against white, colored and
Indian stores was well organized in the black neighborhoods with the help of
street committees. It is clear that some white businesses are. being hurt by.
that, Mr F. L. Erasmus, Labor MP for Gelvandale, says. the colored merchants
are not affected so badly, because they mainly carry on commerce with people
in their own areas. But Indians who have stores in the central business area
are seriously affected. At the same time, more and more Blacks are finding
out that the radicals cannot protect them against criminal elements. Many
Blacks have asked them to see to it that the police do not leave their
neighborhood, because only they can maintain law and order. 1

intimidation. That was apparent from the commemoration of tHe shooting at
Uitenhage. The radicals told everyone to attend it and not to go to work.
Many Blacks listened to them. Although there are also radicals among the
Coloreds, they are not nearly so strong as the radicals in the black
neighborhoods. The standard of living of the Coloreds in Port Elizabeth is
much higher.than that of the Blacks there. Coloreds are in fact big providers
of work to Blacks in Port Elizabeth. The black workers tell their employers
what is going on in the black neighborhoods, and consequently the Coloreds
feel continually threatened as a minority group. Nevertheless, there have
been no -incidents in which Blacks have attacked Coloreds. One way to work
against the unrest is to talk with Blacks, even the radicals. And there are
some radicals who want to talk with the government. The difficulties with the
radicals is that they make demands which cannot be satisfied in the short
term. Another way to work against the unrest is to alleviate the tremendous
unemployment in.the area. In that context, the government has already pumped
millions of . rands into the area to help create job opportunities. Still,
unemployment remains serious. He has directed pleas to the government to
accelerate building programs, for about 20 percent of the builders'and about
80 percent of the journeymen in the building industry are unemployed. The
radicals are exploiting the situation and throwing everything back onto
apartheid and the government, Mr Erasmus says.

The radicals exercise a certain degree of control over many et through

13084
CSO: 3401/145

* 62



SOUTH AFRICA

INCREASE OF ANTIVIOLENCE SUPPORT SEEN AS UPSETTING TO LEFT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 12 Apr 86 p 9 ,

[article by Dawie: "Resolute Spirit Against Violence Is Becoming Horror for
Leftists"] ,

[Text]. The resolute spirit against revolutionary violence, lawlessness and
terrorism which have taken root in South Africa is sowing havoc in leftist
ranks. As always, this is most evident in the Federal Progressive Party,
whose Achilles' heel for years has been the divergent approaches of its
clashing factions to national security. A cold wind is blowing from the
voters against anyone who even arouses the slightest suspicion that he is
permissive toward bomb throwers and kangaroo courts. This has implications
for everyone ‘in politics, but it especially affects the PFP. That party,
already in distress over the shocking way in which its former leader recently
left it in the lurch, is only falling deeper into difficulty as the official
opposition. That realization must offer the explanation for the extraordinary
touchiness of the Progressive whip, Mr Brian Bamford, because of Minister F.W.
de Klerk having accused the Progs in the Volksraad of "sabotaging" the police.
The Speaker's chair decided that this was not an unparliamentarian use of
words. Nevertheless, Mr Bamford led a Prog walkout from the Volksraad and
later threatened "big trouble."

An Atheist

After the walkout there were at first horses [sic], for in the subsequent
debate the minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, made effective use
of a letter which the controversial Prog MP for Pietermaritzburg North, Mr
Graham McIntosh, had written to the Prog press. Mr McIntosh referred to the
recent failed attempt of the UDF, a so-called nonviolent movement, to arrange
a political funeral in Pietermaritzburg for Mr Moses Mabhida, secretary
general of the South African Communist Party and a member of the ANC's
executive committee. Mr McIntosh wanted to know where the UDF stands vis-a-vis
the ANC, and vis-a-vis such an atheist who supports violence? It is rather of
interest that he himself is asking such critical questions these days. Mr
McIntosh is the MP who unleashed an enormous storm in the Volksraad last year
with a number of contentious allegations. Among other things, he accused the
Defense Force of terrorism and sabotage. Under pressure he later retracted
expressions such as "the gassing of Jews, Slavs and Gypies" and "Fidel Castro

33



Munich

The Netherlands and Italy have forces similar to the French one, while West
Germany has a special task force against terrorism and takes action against
riots with its Bundesgrenzschutz, a force between the armed forces and police.
Such ‘special forces were formed after terrorism assumed serious proportions,
and security legislation, no matter how strict, did not enable the police to
operate suitably against it. In the case of West Germany this occurred after
the Palestinian terrorists' attack on Israelis at the Olympic Games in Munich
and the loathsome activities of the Baader-Meinhof gang. The functions of
forces such as these are strictly defined: mostly action against terrorists
and civil insurrection, although they are sometimes also used in states of
emergency (such as America's National Guard in natural disasters). In the
ease of South Africa, such a new force would not only make it possible for the
police to be used better for their primary task of crime prevention. It could
also become an important weapon of defense in the intense propaganda battle of
which the security forces are one of the biggest targets. .

A Friend

That propaganda is aimed at depicting the police as cruel bullies manning the
government's machinery of oppression. However exaggerated, that propaganda is
incessantly used -- and propagated by media that increasingly identify with
leftist radicalism -- to breakdown the law officer's image as a friend of the
law-abiding citizen. The police do not deserve such an image, all the more so
in view of the fact that the maintenance of law and order is of extreme
importance in a transitional phase of reform. A new force with specialized
training in combatting terrorism and controlling riots could possibly help to
overcome the problem. Of course such a force cannot be the only answer to a
many-sided problem. A more streamlined legal process to let justice take its
course more quickly against security violators seems equally necessary.

Propaganda

In addition, it is an open question whether spokesmen for the security forces
themselves should no longer be used much in the propaganda battle. Experience
abroad is that whenever even the common soldier or policeman in security
situations has easy access to the media, it can help very much to sway public
opinion against perpetrators of violence. The battle is indeed for the hearts
of the masses. The South African security forces dare not lose it, for then a
nasty future awaits.

13084
CSO: 3401/144

65



on education, especially in the parts which are experiencing the biggest
handicap. "However, there is no sense in improving school conditions for
Blacks in South Africa under a divided educational system. We must move
toward equal educational opportunities, and that means one minister and one
educational systems"

13084
cso: 3401/137

43



Today there is a backlog of over
half a million houses, and most
townships lack basic services. One
dimension of ‘orderly urbani-
sation”, therefore, involves new
ways of finding resources to remedy
this situation.

The-White Paper on urbanisation

makes it clear this will be the
responsibility of the RSCs.

The key question, therefore, is
whether the RSCs will “extend
democracy” and simultaneously
raise sufficient resources to finance
substantial urban development.

An RSC is an umbrella body that
rests on the existing autonomous
local authorities that represent each
racial group. Each local authority
which falls within an RSC area will
have representatives on the council.

Each local authority will be

allowed to nominate one
representative to the RSC for every
10 percent or part thereof of the
RSC-provided services it consumes,
. Although the local authorities will
continue to manage “soft services”
(parks, etc), the RSC will administer
“hard services” (transport, housing,
water, etc).

It is important to note that the
RSC will not be elected. Instead
its ordinary members will be

nominated by the local authorities
and the Provincial Administrator
will appoint the chairman.

For an RSC to work, fully-fledged
municipal bodies have to be in
existence. At the moment coloureds,
Indians and most blacks do not have
autonomous municipal bodies to
represent them.

In order to convert the coloured
and Indian management
committees into autonomous
municipal authorities, the
Government will have to overcome
massive opposition from within and
outside these bodies to the idea a
municipal autonomy.

What moderate and radical
political organisations in the
coloured and Indian areas have in
common is the belief that single
non-racial municipalities need to be
created rather than separate ethnic |

* organs for each racial group.
As far as black local government

85

is concerned, the Government has
admitted this is in shambles.

In the Eastern Cape, for example,
nearly 70 percent of the 50 black
councils are non-functional because
they have been totally rejected by
the communities.

The recently tabled Black Local
Authorities Amendment Bill is
designed to femedy this situation by
transforming the community
councils into town committees with
a modicum of municipal autonomy.
There is no evidence to suggest that
this will give them greater
legitimacy.

In short, except for the white
areas, there are no municipal
foundations upon which the RSCs
can be built, and it is unlikely these
foundations will be created in the
near future.

Furthermore, the mass-based
black ‘political organisations that
currently dominate township
politics have already rejected the
RSCs on the grounds that they will
entrench ethnic local authorities
that are unacceptable to the black:
majority.

This does not mean that so-called
“moderates” will not collaborate
with the State to implement the
RSCs. Indeed, these elements. will
soon realise that RSCs offer a
unique chance to distribute
resources without having to raise
rent and service charges.

However, given the level of
politicisation in most townships, it
is unlikely these people will be le

to “buy support”.

The fiscal system of the RSCs is
also unlikely to work. The councils
will be funded by a tax on salaries
and wages (regional services levy)
and a tax on total turnover
(regional establishment levy).

Although these taxes are not
allowed to be deducted from wages
or passed on to prices, this is what
will happen in the long run.

One of the financial brains behind
these taxes, Gerhard Croeser,
Deputy Director-General of Public
Finance, admitted this was the
intention when he said: “Because
blacks did not understand their
local authorities, they did not want
to pay the rent increases, Now they
will be paying as consumers, that is
indirectly. This will depoliticise the
system until such time that the
blacks learn how to use the local
authority system.”



ANGOLA

CONSCRIPTION CAMPAIGN IN HUAMBO TERMED SUCCESSFUL
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 p 2

[Text] The process of integrating pre-recruits into the Armed Forces of
Angolan Liberation (FAPLA) is proceeding successfully in this city where
thousands of youths have appeared at the registration centers, from which they
will later be sent to the staging center.

According to the assistant head of the ANGOP center: for recruitment and
mobilization, Captain Paulo Marques Verga, the results have been satis-
factory, but over the next few days the numbers of recruits will increase even
further since, as he said, "young people are aware of the role that they play
in the country's defense, and so they have regularly responded to the dates
established for their induction," which have been extended to the 15th.

Paulo Marqués Verga, whoconsiders the morale of the pre-recruits to be high,
alerted some business organizations to comply with the dates and the regula-
tions for requesting deferrals for their technicians and other qualified
personnel, adding that "only those workers whose companies comply with the
laws established by DOM/EMG will receive deferrals."

On interview the military confirmed the determination of the pre-recruits and
their strength and commitment to the country's defense.

Aware of the difficult task that awaits them, the recruits invoke the name
of Henda, patron of Angolan youth, as a live example of the sacred obliga-
tion to defend the nation, who exhorted young people from Cabinde to Cuneme
to join the armed forces.

12857/9435
csO: 3442/215



BLACKS

Kwazulu-Natal Union Seen as Experimental Solution
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 21 Apr 86) s.sccccccccvcscccccsecs

Importance of Mozambican Ports to Black Aspirations Cited
(DIE BURGER, 29 Apr 86) .ccvecccccccccccccccccsscccecececs

Badenhorst Says Most Local Black Councils Still Functioning -
(Jacques van Wyk; DIE BURGER, 30 Apr 86) ..

ee eeccccccee

Botha Says White Majority Support Needed for Reforms
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 30 Apr 86) ....sccccsecccccecccces

Officials Discuss Main Elements of Unrest
(Jacques van Wyck; DIE BURGER, 2 May 86) .scsseccccccceece

MP's Discuss Unrest Effects on Coloreds
(Jacques van Wyk; DIE BURGER, 3 May 86) ...ccccccccerveeee

More Skilled People Immigrate Than Emigrate
(DIE BURGER, 2 May 86) ceccsccccevescevccccccescescecscees

Store Boycotts in Port Elizabeth Considered Well Organized
(DIE BURGER, 3 May 86) . ...

Pretoria Univarsity¥ Student Council Urged To Withdraw ASF Permit
(DIE BURGER, 3 May 86) .ecccccceccccccccccccveseresccscres

Possibility of New Security Force Discussed
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 3 May 86) ..ccscceccccccccccccccececes

National Party's Information Officer on Current Party Issues
(Chris Rencken Interview; FINANCIAL MAIL, 9 May 86) ......

Afrikaans Women's: Group Concerned Over Violence
(SAPA, 27 May 86) ..

Chronology of AWB-NP Confrontations
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 27 May 86) .ccccecceceecccvecs

Briefs
UWK Student Enrollment Drops
Potchefstroom University Integrating
Parabats in Bophuthatswana
Males To Report to Commando HQ's —t
Action Needed To Stimulate Economy

Crossroads Described as ‘War Zone*
(Marianne Thamm, Glynnis Underhill; CAPE TIMES, 21 May 86)

-e-

46
47
49
52
53
57
60
62
63
64
66
69
n

73
73
74
74
14

76



at Worcester in the 1950's, and the houses are still without electricity. One
of the results is that radicalization is the order of the day there. Planning
has not been carried out elsewhere in the country. The black residentual area
at Warmbad, where the white residents had to come to the rescue recently when
all the Blacks took part in a strike, was to have been moved twelve years ago
already. That did not happen, and the people were exposed to conditions where
no self-pride could develop.

Red Tape

The establishment of administration councils with fragmented control was
probably also not always in the best interest of the country. Red tape and
corruption here and there also took a toll. How is it possible that a Black
applies for a house and waits for two years in vain, but that he gets his
house in three days when there is someone who is willing to take a shortcut?
All those things which have taken place do not make it easier today to improve
people's quality of living. As soon as there are signs of upheaval in a
community, the radicals jump on it. Official contact between local management
boards and black residents has already been broken off in some cases by
members of community councils having resigned, often out of fear. Explosive
situations can arise more easily that way. The government realizes that a
program of socio-economic reconstruction is necessary. That is why R320
million is provided in the budget this year for upgrading the basic
infrastructure in black areas. This is part of the one billion rands which
President P. W. Botha promised in August for that purpose.

Radicalization

It is money which is being spent in the interest of the whole country, not
only of a specific community. In the words of a senior official: "We must
look beyond radicalization to development, for the bonuses are awaiting that.
The radicals must not be allowed to bring development to a standstill. there
is still goodwill, although to a lesser extent." Of course, better living
conditions alone cannot bring the unrest to an end. That is but one element
of the counterstrategy needed. The maintenance of law and order must
continue, and Blacks must help to end the reign of terror of the "necklace"
and the gasoline bomb. Political answers must be found in the final analysis.
It is a case of doing one thing and not neglecting the other.

13084
cso: 3401/140

40



CHRONOLOGY OF AWB-NP CONFRONTATIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 May 86 pill

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

It has taken the Govern-
ment exactly a month to
break the Afrikaner
Weerstandsbeweging’s
“ban” -on Cabinet Minis-
ters speaking in the
Transvaal.

When Mr Louts le
Grange addressed a
meeting in Ellisras last
Saturday he became the
first Minister to do so
since the AWB vowed on
April 24 that no Minister
would get a word in edge-
ways in the province .

Right-wingers point
out, however, that sever-
al factors eased Mr le
Grange’s path.

@He is regarded as a

conservative element in

an otherwise “left-wing”

Cabinet.

@ AWB supporters had _
already had a hectic |
week breaking up Mr Pik

Botha’s meeting in Pie-

tersburg. and Mr Sarel

Hayward’s meeting in

Warden.

MEMBERS

@ The AWB was proba-

bly not very committed
to preventing his meet-
ing. Only about a dozen
AWB members arrived.
@ Mr le Grange was pro-
tected by about 100 riot
policemen led by head of
the Reaction Unit, Major
General Bert Wandrag.

@There is more right-
wing respect for Mr le
Grange than any other
Minister.

For about 18 months
now, atiention has
centred on battles be-

tween the Government
and black township resi-
dents. White politics were
all but ignored until the
AWB “reign of terror”.

Recent events have in-
cluded: .
APRIL 24 — BRITS.
About 300 right-wingers
disrupt and “hijack” a
meeting scheduled to be
addressed by Deputy In-
formation Minister Louis
Nel. “

Mr Nel finally aban- |
dons attempts to talk,
and right-wingers hold an |
anti-Government ‘meet- *

ing.

APRIL 24 —
VEREENIGING.
About 100 right-wingers ;
in a crowd of several ;
hundred heckle State:
President PW Botha
throughout his City Hall
address,

e following day the
Afrikaner Weerstands-
beweging (AWB) vow
that no Cabinet Minister
will speak in the Trans-
vaal again.

71

- AWB ta

ENTRY

APRIL 26 —

NYLSTROOM.
Some 300 to 400 right-
wingers gain entry to an
Open-air meeting at the
local rugby stadium
which is scheduled to be
addressed by the Minister
of Justice Mr Kobie Coet
see,

Mr Coetsee seeks out
AWB ringleaders and
offers equal time to them
if he is allowed to speak.

His request is turned
down and Mr Coetsee is
forced to retire to the
rear of the stadium with
some supporters. The

es over the

meeting.

At about the same
time, the Minister of For-
eign Affairs — Mr Pik
Botha — throws down a
challenge to the com-
bined Right and indicates
he is to address a
meeting in Northern
Transvaal,

Two weeks later, the
National Party an-
nounces that Mr Botha
will ik in Pie
on May 22. However,
when the posters adver-
tising tl appear
in the town the eae
the words “right of ad-
mission reserved”. This
Causes an outery in right-
wing circles and Mr
Botha is accused of

cow-
ardice.

SOUTH AFRICA

The AWB then an-
‘nnounces it intends holding
a meeting in Pietersburg
onthesameday. =~
MAY 14 —

PIETERSB'

URG.
About 800 right-wingers
attend. a meeting ad-
dressed by AWB leader’
Mr Eugene TerreBlanche
where Mr Terre’Blanche
tells his audience that he,
not Mr Botha, will be
speaking in the town on
22.

y

In a gesture of solidari-
ty with the Conservative
Party, the AWB an-
nounces their Pieters-
burg meeting is to co-ad-
dressed by Mr Clive
Derby-Lewis of the CP.
MAY 22 —
PIETERSBURG.
Thousands of people —

of the

mostly supporters
AWB. the CP and the
Herstigte National Party
— gather outside the
Jack Botes Hall in the
town hours before the
meeting is to begin.

. DISARRAY

By 6pm. and following
some bloody fist-fights,
Mr TerreBlanche is hoist-
ed shoulder-high on to the
stage with defeated Na-
tional Party supporters



PRIEST TELLS OF SQUALOR, VIOLENCE IN ALEXANDRA TOWNSHIP

Johannesburg THE STAR’ in English 27 May 86 p lL

[Article by Jackie Unwin]

[Text] '
‘The frustration and anger of people liv- ,
ing in squalid conditions and separated '
from their families, leading to violence
in the townships, was described last
night by the Rev Horace McBride,
priest in charge of St Michael and All
Angels’ Church in Alexandra township.

“People living in an abnormal situa-
tion behave abnormally,” he said.

He was speaking at the Lions LINK
Supper Club, which was formed to pro-
mote communication, understanding
and friendship among all people.

But he had a message of love, which
he said came deep from the heart of
Alexandra. It was: “Tell our white
brothers and sisters we do not want to -
rob or‘take away what you have — '
don’t ever fear that.

“All we want to do is share with you.
We, as fellow South Africans, want to
have equal opportunity, send our chil-
dren to school and live where we can
afford to, take a job we are qualified to
do, which doesn’t depend on the colour
of our skins but the merits of our minds
and abilities.”

He showed slides of the conditions in
which the Alexandra people lived —
overcrowded with no waterborne sew-
age, or storm water drainage.

He spoke of “the buildings of evil” —
the hostels housing thousands of lonely
and frustrated men and women who are
prohibited from living with their hus-
bands and wives.

FRUSTRATION
“If I had lived in the hostel for a year,
could not be with my wife and children,
all my urges and needs would come to
the surface. If the frustration and anger

/12828
CsO: 3400/1848

builds up I might have a fight with a

member of another tribe. Is that a fac- |

tion fight or a frustration fight?” he
iasked.

He said there was resentment from
the people in the township towards the
people in the hostels because prostitu-
tion was rife.

The women, because of their needs,
slept with the Alexandra men. It result-
ed in tremendous animosity.

In an area as big as the hall housing
the supper club there would be between
eight and 10 families living together
with one tap and about four dirt bins.

“When the dirt bins fill up they are
tipped into the stream in the townhip
which is now filled with derelict cars,
filth and often corpses.

He felt the circumstances, conditions
and facilities caused schoolchildren to
rebel in the way they do.

Mr McBride said: “I abhor violence,

» am totally against it, but I can under-

stand what is happening.” '

“I believe that the future of our coun-
try rests squarely on the shoulders of
the powers that are. Give us a fair deal
and we are prepared to meet you not
half way, all of the way.” .

But passing of influx control was
viewed with “a feeling of great suspi-
cion and wariness”.

“Can I really trust and believe that
this is going to happen and there are no
strings attached?” he asked.

But he said: “In Alexandra we have
white people who come into the town-
ship on a regular basis to share their
love, time and fellowship with one

r.. . -
another. PELLOWSHIP

“White and black can function in
Alexandra in a very loving and mean-
ingful way. There is a blending in as
people and not as a different race - this
is the kind of fellowship we experience
weekly, daily.”

80

SOUTH AFRICA

| Dr Hymfe Belnart, convener of the
:supper club, said the Lions would im-
mediately pursue ways in which it could
‘help the Alexandra community.



283120

JPRS-SSA-86-065
20 JUNE 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

cnn cement,
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT F
rnin

for pubis casecme.
Disetbution Unitzalted

DIIC QUALE'Y WIEPECTED S

-ORM manON SERVICE

Tpereoouceo BY |

NATIONAL TECHNICAL ,
|INFORMATION SERVICE | °
: |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA." 22161



BOTSWANA

BDF Commander Stresses Need for Defense
(Gaborone Domestic Service, 23 May 86) ..sccececcececee

GUINEA

Talks With Italy Summarize Priority Development Projects”
(HOROYA, 10 Apr 86) ..ccccscccncccnscecvcecccnscvesceseees

Planning Minister Discusses Ministry's Tasks
(Edouard Benjamin Interview; HOROYA, 3 Apr 86) ....seeeece

LESOTHO

Military Council Official on Civilian Rule
(BBC World Service, 23 May 86) .scsscesscacccevecscccenees

SWAZILAND
Briefs
Rail Protection Denied Maputo
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Aid to Western Cape Black Area Discussed
(Retief Pienaar; DIE BURGER, 12 Apr 86) .ecsececceceeceees

Increase of Antiviolence Support Seen As Upsetting cto Left
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 12 Apt 86) ...cseecccecccccceccecceece

Editorial Urges Bishop Tutu To Promote Reconciliation

(DIE BURGER, 16 Apr 86) wceecccecccccscncceccscccrssscuses

Stellenbosch Theologian Defends Redistribution of Wealth
(Freek Swart; DIE BURGER, 16 Apr 86) ..cscccecccevcccccees

Blacks' Poor Housing Described as Hurting Entire Country
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 16 Apr 86) ceeeceecercccncereccecceces

Black Refusal To Pay Rent Viewed as Long-Range Threat
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 17 Apr 86) ssscceseseecceecececers

Teachers Protest Delay of Education Reforms
(DIE BURGER, 18 Apr 86) .cccccccvceccoveesccvcscccesesoese

Hendrickse Praises Colored Participation in Military
(DIE BURGER, 21 Apr 86) ....ccccescccscnce

-b-

18

19

21

26

29

30

33

35

36

39

41

42

44



[Tabane] After the military takeover, the military left chief Jonathan |
at his private residence in Kolonyama, and they left with him certain
people who formed his personal bodyguard and two of those people are
still there, they still look after him. I think the intention there is
to give him all the protection, the official protection, that he may
require. Other than that there hasn't been any real formal contact.

[White] Is he a powerful man still that he could create trouble for you
if he wanted to?

[Tabane] That is a very difficult question, but I doubt that he will.
[White] Why?

[Tabane] I think that the power base that had. developed in the country
in the form of the party political organization, in the form of the youth
wing, in the form of all these other things, has sort of suddenly just
gone flat, and if the party as an organization still exists, I do not know
and I cannot comment on that, but if it still exists, it will be up to
him and members of his party, of course, as’ and when the occasion comes,
for them to come back to the political arena.

[White] What has happened to all those youth wingers who used to support
him?

[Tabane] They were all disarmed. Those who worked in the government,

most of those who worked in the government, still keep their jobs. Those
who worked in private jobs still hold their jobs, those who were university
students still continue their studies.. I think, basically, those who

were affected were those who were in the army itself, because they,
unfortunately, were involved in certain things that have caused them to
appear in court, but all others are in the country and carrying on with
their business as usual. The only exception is that they are no longer
allowed now to act as they did before and they no longer carry arms to
threaten people as they did before. [end recording]

19604
csO: 3400/1853

28


/12828
CSO: 3400/1851

In the Eastern Cape, for example,
the UDF has rejected RSCs and
demanded a non-racial municipality
for each town and city. This demand
is supported in principle by key
white interest groups and to some
extent by business people who have
been forced to accept that top-down
solutions will fail.

One final point to note is that by
making the RSCs the linchpin of
reform, the State is raising the
stakes in the on-going battle fo
power, be

Never before has the State had to
contend with such strong national .
political and trade union
organisations.

If the State wants to ram the
RSCs down the throats of the black
majority, it can do so only by
smashing the black political
organisations.

Although reform will, therefore,
require large doses of repression to
succeed, this will further
delegitimise the State — bringing us‘
closer to the day when apartheid
will have to be entirely dismantled
and genuine negotiation with
organisations ‘such as the ANC
entered into.

In the final analysis, it is unlikely
that a government which has lost
control of events will be able to
implement reforms aimed at
perpetuating the subordination of
the majority to the interests of a
minority.

87



ation of a constitutional dispensation which provided for the participation
of all South African citizens in the process of government.

Chief Buthelezi said, however, that if the council were launched in circum-
stances which did not make provision for the release of Nelson Mandela and
other political prisoners, it might be severely handicapped.

Commentary Hails Council Move
MB260740 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 26 May 86
[Station commentary: "Power Sharing"]

[Text] South Africa is being placed firmly on the road to powersharing and
full equal participation by all its peoples, black, brown, and white, in a
government of national unity. This became clear towards the end of last week
with the publication of legislation for the establishment before the end of
the year of a national council. It will give black South Africans a direct
say in the government of the country, and black leaders will take part in
planning and preparing a new constitutional dispensation for South Africa.

Until the new South African constitution takes effect, the national council
will have wide powers. It will be able to consider all matters it deems of
national interest. These include existing laws or proposed legislation and
all steps being taken or proposed by the governing executive. The national
council will be able to make proposals to the central government on any
matter it considers necessary.

The aims of the national council will be to give black, brown, and white
leaders the opportunity to take part in the planning and preparation of a
new constitution to provide for the participation of all South Africans of
all races in the government of the country.

Until the new constitution comes into effect, black South Africans will be
given a full say in government processes which affect their interests. The
new all-race council will also promote healthy relations between all South
Africans as well as human dignity, rights, and freedom.

Black South Africans are assured of at least 16 members in the 30-member
council. Whites will have a minimum of 2 members, and the colored and Asian
population groups 1 each. The government has also stated clearly that there
is no longer any question on the end of power sharing among all South Africans.
The only remaining issue is how. The national council is destined to provide
that answer.

/8918
cso: 3400/1842

82



ANGOLA

PORTUGAL EXTENDS LINE OF CREDIT LIMIT FOR IMPORTS

Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese 30 Apr 86 p 9

[Text] Portugal increased:'to $65 million (about 9.7 million contos) the limit
of its line of credit for the financing of Angolan imports of Portuguese
goods and services. .

The increase of $25 million (2.7 million.contos) on’the credit limit between
the central banks of Portugal and Angola, in effect since 25 April 1984, has
just been signed in Lisbon.

The agreement authorized two years ago by the two central banks was designed
to finance the purchase by Angola from Portugal of goods and services up to a
limit of $40 million. That agreement also.establishes a "ceiling" of $90
million for the financing of imports from Angola of intermediate goods for
Portuguese consumption.

At thé signature ceremony the secretary of the treasury, Tavares Moreira,
affirmed ‘that the Portuguese government will monitor with great interest all
negotiations of the Angolan authorities, with a view to a “new confrontation
of their financial responsibilities with regard to Portugal."

Tavares Moreira made’clear that the government, in agreeing to the extension
of the credit. agreement, "is not overlooking the difficulties that impact the
Angolan economy as.a result of the international situation." "But the
knowledge of these difficulties did not and does not deflect us from pursuing
cooperative economic and financial efforts with Angola," he added.

For his part, the vice-governor of the Angolan National Bank, Mario Pizarro,
said that his country is open to dialogue with Portugal in‘all areas. He
considered that the financial instruments of both countries have to be
utilized with discipline and realism; otherwise, he added, "It will not be
possible to give solidity to economic, financial and commercial relations
between Portugal and Angola.

12857/9435
CSO: 3442/211

10



SOUTH AFRICA

BOTHA SAYS WHITE MAJORITY SUPPORT NEEDED FOR REFORMS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 Apr 86 p 16

(Editorial: "Reform and Security"]

[Text] One hard truth is still overlooked by too many people in the
excitement around reform in South Africa. This is that a leader can carry
reforms through successfully only if he has a solid power base. If he ignores
that power base, he is no longer a leader and all his efforts are futile.
South African circumstances are such that, without the cooperation of the
national government and others broadly supporting it, no essential reform can
take place which at the same time offers hope for stability and a more
peaceful future for the country. That is why it is so necessary that
everyone, but above all those who so naggingly make extravagant reform
demands, thoroughly note what the state president said yesterday in the
Council of Representatives. .

President P.W. Botha stressed that no success with reform can be achieved
without the support of the majority of Whites and at the same time the support
of the majority of white Afrikaners. "I cannot turn my back on people who are
my own." Things must be treated so that the white Afrikaner feels ' secure.
Those who try to interpret these words as just more proof of so-called white,
and then especially Afrikaner selfishness, are badly mistaken. Least of all
does a feeling of security among Whites exclude striving for greater justice
for the other communities. The stronger that feeling of security, the greater
the capability to offer equivalent security and opportunities to others.
However, the greater the feeling of threat, the more probable that nothing
will be conceded to others, with all the explosive implications that would
accompany this.

Those Afrikaners and other Whites who so easily proclaim that President Botha
no longer has their interests at heart should also really take note of his
words, shake off their ungrounded fears and strengthen his hand for the
numerous challenges which he and the government are still facing. Only in
this way can a South Africa in which no group feels threatened by another be
built and a climate of greater mutual goodwill be worked on together.

13084
CSO: 3401/143

- 52



SOUTH: AFRICA

“BRIEFS “OP 8 aks

PROPERTY SALES TO INDIANS DISCOURAGED--The deputy minister of constitutional
development and planning, Mr’ Badenhorst, has sounded a warning that the
possible sale of property in white residential areas’ to coloreds and Indians
could spell trouble. Mr Badenhorst was reacting in Cape Town to advertise-
ments and reports in newspapers to this effect. He said although the Group
Areas Act was being discussed by the President's Council, it ‘did not
necessarily mean that’ it would be scrapped.’ - [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic
Service in English’ 0915 GMT 30 May 86 MB] /8918 .

NEW MAWU PRESIDENT-~Johannesburg, May 22, SAPA--Mr Moses Mayekiso has been
elected as the new general secretary of the Metal. and Allied Workers Union
[MAWU]--one of the biggest affiliates to the 600,000 strong congress of South
African Trade Unions. This was announced in a statement issued by the union
tonight. Until now Mr Mayekiso has been secretary of the Transvaal branch
of MAWU. He joined the union in 1978 as a worker at the Toyota plant in
Wynberg near Johannesburg and was dismissed after a strike in 1979. He be-
gan organising for the union and was largely responsible for the explosive
growth of MAWU in Germiston in 1980 and 1981. Mr Mayekiso is a resident of
Alexandra township near Johannesburg and is active in civic matters as
chairman of the Alexandra Action Committee. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 2025 GMT 22 May 86 MB] /8918

NEW SECURITY BILLS OPPOSED--Opposition to two new security bills providing
for detention without trial is growing. The latest opposition comes from
three church leaders who have called for, in their words, the strongest pro-
test from all Christians against the two bills. Carmel Rickard has details.
[Richard] The Public Safety Amendment Bill and the Internal Security Amend-
ment have been slammed by Archbishop Dennis Hurely, Anglican Bishop Michael
Nuttall,,and the Reverend John (Borlock) of the Methodist Church. They have
issued a joint statement setting out the implications of the two bills and
saying that the minister of law and order will be given virtually unlimited
powers over the.whole country and that the police will be given the powers to
remove any person from a community for 6 months only on the basis that they
thought the detainee might do something. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in
English 0500 GMT. 30 May 86 MB] /8918. .

cso: | 3400/1842

94



Soo tt

BRIEFS

UWK STUDENT ENROLLMENT DROPS--An inquiry was made at the University of the
Western Cape [UWK] after the number of students dropped by about 20 percent as
compared with that of last year. This is what Professor Richard van der Ross,
rector of the UWK, said in an interview yesterday. He said he is concerned
that only 6,427 students were enrolled by the UWK this year. This is 1,253
less than the 7,680 of last year. According to Professor Van der Ross,
possible reasons for the decline aret- The disillusionment which followed last
year's class boycott. "Many young people, at school level and post-school
[level], had great expectations of the boycott. Some probably believed that
the government would fall or something like that. That this did not happened
led to great disillusionment and disappointment. Uncertainty about themselves
and the leadership which they followed made them shiftless and led to the
curtailment of their studies."

= The increasing number of colored students at traditional white universities.
Students think perhaps that those institutions offer them greater security.
"Some students have obviously also gone to institutions which are located
eloser to them."

= The fact that quite a few matriculants from last year did not take exams or
did them too late. "The schools are our source of nourishment, and if
something affects them detrimentally, it is reflected in our numbers. Our
applications last year were almost half less than usual."

- Last year's disruption of the academic program at the UWK. "The first-year
students are the most seriously affected. Many of them could not adapt to the
high demands of self-study and dropped out. However, most of the final-year
students were able to make it through with the help of alternative aid
resources which we provided."

Money was also not so easily available to students who dropped out or failed,
and many could not venture another year without financial support, Professor
Van der Ross said. He thinks that the decline in the number of students is
temporary and of a transitory nature. The UWK will grow again; perhaps not so
quickly again as in the past, but the upswing will come, Professor Van der
Ross said. [Text] [Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Apr 86 pp 1,2] 13084

POTCHEFSTROOM UNIVERSITY INTEGRATING -- Potchefstroom University is going to
open its doors to students from all population groups, it was announced in a
statement yesterday morning. The decision was made Friday at the university's
council meeting that colored students may also study at the university on an

73



look-alikes," as well as a reference to General Magnus Malan as "the Qadhafi
of southern Africa." Now he is starting to sing a different tune. Obviously
he would not want to be seen dead at such a UDF funeral for a communist. But
when Minister Le Grange asked Mrs Suzman whether she would attend it, she

snapped: "Why not?"
Red Flag

This offered Minister Le Grange an opening to further wedge apart the
conspicuous dissension in the PFP, also with searing criticism of those who
attend funerals under the communist flag. Such dissension is continuing in
the PFP in spite of the remaining small group of Progs' attempts to dissociate
themselves from Dr Van Zyl Slabbert's ("Van who?" they ask in the Prog press)
desertion, as well as their whispered stories about "a new team spirit." The
spirit reigning here and there among Progs against the security forces, even
against the parliament as an institution, the final disposer over law and
order, cannot be just reasoned away. This applies not only to the
extraparliamentary activities of Dr Slabbert and his chief lieutenant, the
leftist Dr Boraine (who also deserted), in their flirtation with the UDF.
This spirit is just as saliently perceived in the case, for example, of the
PFP's routine propagandist, Mr Jan van Eck, who aspires to succeed Dr Slabbert
as MP. When it comes to blatant attacks on the police, this Prog who spent
his compulsory military service time in the Netherlands does not take a
backseat to anyone. In the Cape Provincial Council he attributed the violence
to “hooligans in police uniforms" and alleged that it looks like the police
derive pleasure from shooting, beating and tear-gassing people. Such
sentiments evidently still run deep in the PFP.

High Demands

A wave of reaction against that is already affecting that party and parts of
the Prog press, and it is going to increasingly do so; all the more so because
effective security action against lingering riots cannot occur overnight, but
only through persistent efforts against a calculated revolutionary onslaught.
Moreover, the security action must be coupled with significant socio-economic
progress, as well as political development, in order to assure permanent
success. The voters are very obviously not going to trust leftists like the
Progs with leading the country through a period which makes such demands.

13084
cso: 3401/1414

34



SOUTH AFRICA

KWAZULU-NATAL UNION SEEN AS EXPERIMENTAL SOLUTION
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Apr 86 p 8
(Editorial: "The KwaNatal Option"]

[Text] The state president's announcement of a joint executice body for
KwaZulu) and Natal has several positive implications for second-level
government, not only in Natal, but also elsewhere in the country. This body,
in which KwaZulu and Natal wll have equal representation, will handle and
manage numerous matters which so far have been the provincial administration's
responsibility. This will take place according to the principle of joint
decisionmaking on the basis of consensus. That way of doing things, which is
also endorsed at the Natal indaba, is based on a realistic acceptance of South
Africa's particular problems with all its ethnic and cultural differences.
The government and the TBVC countries have for a long time already been
approaching matters of common interest on that basis.

President Botha has left the possibility open that the circle may be drawn
wider than Natal/KwaZulu. Similar agreements of cooperation between other
provinces and self-governing black states may in the future also form part of
a new scheme for second-level government that is being worked on at present.
The government is further carrying through an important principle by ratifying
the KwaNatal option: that certain régions in the country have distinctive
characteristics and problems which require distinctive solutions. The ideal
is for them to be found through peaceful negotiation involving all parties
concerned. The indaba has quite satisfied this with the establishment of the
executive body. However, the indaba is getting in the political sphere with
its plan for a joint legislative body. The government has serious misgivings
about this because of the broad political implications of that. It includes
proposals for constitutional reforms which belong rather in the domain of the
National Statutory Council.

13084
3401/140

46



they even instituted their own curfew rule. The problem is, however, that
such groups ‘are apt to take things too far and apply unlawful measures, Mr
Badenhorst said.

Mr D.J.F. Hitge, chief director of local management of the Department of
Constitutional Development and Planning, pointed out the difference between
community councils and local management boards. Community councils are
actually a semi-local authority. It is not a local management board in the
usual sense of the word. It has certain executive powers, but they are
limited. A local management board is in all respects equivalent to the local
government for Whites; it is a full-fledged city council. An example is the
eity council of iBhayi at Port Elizabeth. That city council is in every
respect equivalent to a white city council. It has its own staff just like
any other city council. There is a difference in the respect that the local
black management boards are still experiencing a shortage of trained and
competent Blacks. "Now people are saying the local management boards have
fallen apart. There are about 40 of them, city and town councils. But only
three of those councils have resigned: kwaNobuhle at Uitenhage, Lingelihle at
Cradock and Nonswakazi at De Aar."

Cut off

"Moreover, the fact that those three councils have resigned does not at all
mean that the administration in those three areas has come to a_ standstill.
Services are being continued, for after such a council has resigned, its
organization still exists; its city clerks and its staff. And they go on with
their work. They actually lack a decisionmaker. In the case of Cradock, the
white city clerk is the "administrator." Such "administrators" have also been
appointed at De Aar and Uitenhage. There are 192 community councils, 28 of
which have resigned in the Eastern Cape. And yet people still go with their
complaints to the council members who have resigned. It is this not entirely
true that everything has fallen apart. There are places that have problems.
East London is one of them. There was also a problem at Sebokeng in the Vaal
Triangle, but progress has since been made with that. The area is not totally
eut off.

Calmer

He admits that a local management board cannot continue its normal services if
conditions get unstable in some residential areas. But they go on again as
soon as the situation gets calmer. For example, there may today be riots in
the town, so that garbage cannot be removed. But a few days later the
situation has quited down, and then they again go on with their work. One can
thus not say without qualification that everything has fallen apart. He
acknowledges that there are problems. The collection of the rental and
utilities money is a problem. Although he does not believe that most Blacks
think like the radicals, there are grievances, such as the backwardness in
black residential neighborhoods, which the revolutionary elements exploit to
their advantage. They depict the Blacks as oppressed people for whom nothing
is being done, Mr Hitge said.

13084
cso: 3401/138

51



SOUTH AFRICA

IMPORTANCE OF MOZAMBICAN PORTS TO BLACK ASPIRATIONS CITED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Apr 86 p 12
[Article: "Mozambique's Harbors Play Important Role in Black Plans"]

(Text] Mozambique's three ports play an extremely important role in black
southern Africa's aspiration to become economically less dependent on South
Africa. It is evident from an analysis of the situation by Sapa-AP from
Maputo that, in spite of progress in recent time, a lot of work awaits before
the realization of that aspiration comes into view.

"It's a vicious circle," was the remark of the Dutch vice consul in Maputo, Mr
John Roosegaarde Bisschop, whose country has for some time been giving aid to
improve Mozambique's harbors. "The Mozambicans have to demonstrate the
security and efficiency of the road, rail and harbor system before businessmen
will use it more. But how can they demonstrate that if the businessmen do not
want to use it before they are satisfied?" The reasons put forward as to why
Mozambique's ports at Maputo, Beira and Nakala are avoided are chronic
inefficiency, a shortage of trained managers and technicians, antiquated
equipment and the protracted civil war between the Marxist regime of President

Samora Machel and the Renamo anti-communist rebel movement.

Stumbling Block

A survey of Mozambique by the World Bank brought to light last year that
international traffic along Mozambique's 3,000-km long rail lines decreased by
80 percent between 1973 and 1983. It decreased by 70 percent in the ports --
from 13.4 million tons of freight in 1973 to 3.6 million in 1983. The single
most important stumbling block is the security problem, according to the
report. Renamo rebels have blown up bridges, laid ambushes for convoys and
damaged rail lines, locomotives and cars. The report also brought out the
shortage of management and technical personnel, which became much worse in
1975 when 90 percent of the 250,000 Portuguese fled the country upon its
becoming independent.

Lot of Trouble

Other factors mentioned by the World Bank are the unreliability of the
transportation services, a backwardness of 20 years in maintenance and a
shortage of food and other articles, which detrimentally influence workers'
morale. Mozambique's three ports play a very important role in black southern

47



CROSSROADS DESCRIBED AS

"WAR ZONE’

Cape Town CAPE TINES in English 21 May 86 p 7

[Article by Marianne Thamm and Glynnis Underhill]

[Text]

ONLY 20 km.from Cape
Town's city centre thousands }
of people from trouble spots
in Crossroads are hiding out
in refugee camps in av area
that resembles a war zone:
The bleak Landscape at the
Red Cross Nyanga Bush fefti-
gee camp, one of several
emergency posts, is scattered
with small piles of belong-
Ings rescued from burning {
homes just 300 metres away. ©
Most refugees, many. of:
whom have lived tn Nyanga i
Bush since the start of the!
squatter settlement int 1975,.)
have lost everything. enti |

ing to a Quaker peace work-
er, Rommel Roberts, who has |
worked in the area since |
1974, the size of the Cross:
roads’ population is inore =
than 105000, Part of Cross: i
roads, the Nyanga Bush set-!
Uement, has now since bect-
evacuated. dt

The Red Cross has offered |
all refugees the chance té be
moved to shelters in Khay

DF
litsha. Some have Fone will-=

ingly, but most of these resi-)
dents have refused to budge,
preferring lo wail for some :
solution to the senseless de: :
struction, ea
With all thelr possessions {
lost, parents and. children |
are anxiously awaiting news
of missing family andé
friends. Confuston reigns
sand these people, clearly!
caught ina vicious power»
struggle as rampaging vigh:{
lantes try to gain control of*

}the. Abed; CAH Oily Stand. byt
Haid wateh, a8 thelr homies ¢
bur Oe sey
Po As one shack afler thé]
other burst itito Maine§, a:
ssereainlng another with ay
P baby on het back ran lowiitds |
fthe shanty town; only lo, be >
| thased pack by, siick-wiélds.
| Ang vigilantes tordoning off,
‘the ares, it was her home’
© that had just gotie up iti tilek
black smoke... Peel
, Casspirs cortyhig secutlly”
forces patrolled the outskirts
of Nyanga Bish: A fusillade

© OF pinishots, was. heard; but
> Pressmeti whio tried to enler
2 the blazing area were. also:
+ chased out by vigilantes, who
Pelainieéd to be acting of Gt!
| ders fron) police: One athied,
Ehiah told a: foreign: corre’
e spondent: “Colonel Nel has.
etold Us you can't comé I
here” j

©. Mrs Christina Dassté sald.
she and her four sina) cht
idien fiid been forced to:
{sleep in the bush of Monday:
itilgh :

LS phey set fi

t tive

Hind cleared the bush with
Our hands. No one bing talked
to us or told us whal is going
jon. The police stand ait
F Watch the bitrnitig and do hot!
try.to slop it.” iad
i) “Look,” shé said pointtig
:lo the Caéspirs on the out:
iskirts, “they ore not doing
iahything to lielp us. We have
Brequeti wenpons — We
as just living here peaceful
dy.” .

76

SOUTH AFRICA

© Sister Kevin of St
| Mary's ih Nyanga was
visitlng the refugee
camp with one of the
s loachers.
E> "Yestorday panick-
ing mothers came to
ithe school to fetch
itlielt childreti. The
‘school has been
élosed_ today and
people are just walk-
‘ound homeless.
This is mass mur-
der, The people of
Cape Town should
astand together now
“tnd face this évil
; isstié. These people
shave tio rights. It is
this. and. other’ fric-
tions and tenstons of
Curban living which
ave fed to this.”
= A woman, who did
: hot give her name for
fear of retribution
stood by and watched
| Olitraged as more
» hotises went up like
; foman candles at Guy

“a hotse. 1 walk and
sland here with only
e the clothes on my

back. From Sunday,
i white men with bala-
» clavas and vigilantes
‘have been burning
“houses. Iam sure they:
w ‘o kill tis but 1
don't know why. They
want us to kill each
other.”



Unfortunately, although the RSC |
taxes will have a detrimental effect
on black living standards at a time
when only a minority. are living
above the household subsistence,
level, reliable sources have already ~
estimated that the RSCs will not be :
able to raise sufficient finances to
fund the kind of urban development
needed to improve township living
conditions.

. For example, the Eastern Cape
RSC will raise only about R40
million. This is less than what it will
cost to supply absolutely basic
services to the 26000 squatter
families who live in the
PE-Uitenhage area. :

A non-government planning
group, Planact, recently estimated
that it will cost R25 million to”
upgrade Langa which has over 6 000
squatter families living in it. (This
excludes the provision of houses.)

In short, the political and fiscal |
* foundations of the RSCs will thwart
the attempt to make them the
linchpin of the reform process.
As far as the black majority is
concerned, the RSCs will be seen as

yet another apartheid body imposed
from above.

Nor is it likely that the RSCs will
substantially redistribute resources
to finance urban development in the
black townships.

It is important to note that RSCs
are only the first step in a strategy
aimed at reorganising all three tiers
of government.

A recent pamphlet put out by the
Department of Constitutional
Development and Planning pointed
out that RSCs “are only the primary
building blocks of a stable South
African democracy.... The success
of this initiative may well speed up
reform at higher levels of govern-
ment and in other spheres of life”.

The next step will be to recon-
stitute regional government. It has
already been announced that
Provincial Councils and
Development Boards are to be

86

“scrapped and replaced with.
; appointed centrally controlled

regional committees of some kind.

These committees will be
multiracial organs with sufficient
executive powers to manage the
transition to new regional
representative bodies that may look
similar to the federal structures
being hammered out at the
kwaZulu-Natal indaba.

It is more than likely that the
nine “development regions” will
become the administrative units of
the new second tier.

It is clear that the State’s game
plan is aimed at constituting the
third and second tiers before

.tackling the more politically
. sensitive first tier.

Although the National Council is

likely to deliberate on this matter,

1 the outcome will fall far short of the.

+ demand, for a unitary majoritarian

‘state favoured by organisations
- such as the UDF and ANC.

Nevertheless, Government
ideologues insist that the
constitutional reforms will “extend
democracy”.

However, one glance at the
non-elected RSCs and appointed,
centrally controlled second tier

- reveals how far we really are from
the conventional meaning of
democracy.

Rather than leading us towards
democracy, the State seems to be
1 creating at worst a new form of
decentralised apartheid or at best
an authoritarian brand of

» federalism.

| Those involved in engineering this
complex constitutional process are
:- ignoring one ‘simple basic political
fact: the black majority is not
_ demanding solutions, it is
demanding to be involved in the
formulation of solutions.



~ SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK REFUSAL TO PAY RENT VIEWED AS LONG-RANGE THREAT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 Apr 86 p 10
[Editorial: "Impossible Demands"]

[Text] There can be sympathy with Blacks, some perhaps unemployed, who find
it difficult to pay their house rent in the present economic circumstances.
However, it is something quite different when people refuse to pay their rent
because they want to live gratis, as is now happening in the Peninsula. It is
a complete misconception that a government should just provide housing without
even getting any income from it. Not even the socialist countries can afford
such generosity. The question is whether most Blacks came to such a
conclusion by themselves or whether some elements are putting them up to it.
The latter seems probable in view of the intimidation going on to prevent rent
from being paid. The leader of a black trade-union federation also recently
harangued against rental payment at a gathering. According to him, the money
is employed, among other things, to buy more police vehicles which are used
against Blacks.

This kind of misleading propaganda is dangerous while the police have become
the target of agitators of unrest. Sooner or later it may lead to action
against people who do not pay rent. At the same time it becomes more
difficult to improve living conditions in the black residential areas. Rental
money is in fact an important source of income for the development boards for
the construction of new houses and the creation of better and more facilities.
One of the demands now being made is that the existing houses should be
enlarged. The money for that has to come from somewhere. The message will
have to be conveyed to Blacks that they are hurting themselves by making
impossible demands. That can best be done by Blacks themselves. There are
many among them who realize those dangers.

13084
CSO: 3401/137

41



ANGOLA

JPRS-SSA-86-065
20 JUNE 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

FAPLA Reportedly Preparing Major Offensive Against UNITA
(SEMANARIO, 12 Apr 86) ...sceeecseee

Savimbi Views Possibility of Talks With MPLA
(O DIA, 17 Apr 86) ..ccccccccccccecccccccescccesccseteeecs

Lisbon Accused of Complicity With MPLA
(O DIA, 8 Apr 86) ceesececcececceccccnvcerecceccecercerees

Conscription Campaign in Huambo Termed Successful
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 25 Apr 86) ...ccececccceccccecccscccece

Paper Discusses Political Solution to Civil War
(Carlos da Matta; SEMANARIO, 5 Apr 86) .....

Portugal Extends Line of Credit Limit for Imports
(O DIA, 30 Apr 86) .occccccecccccccccccccveceresecescseeus

Scholarship Students in CSSR Reminded of Austerity Measures
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 16 Apr 86) sececececacecccccccecccccese

Cooperants, Black Market Seen as Economic Burdens
(Jose Mario Costa/Rui Ramos; EXPRESSO, 25 Apr 86) ..

Mandela Solidarity Campaign Launched in Cunene
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 23 Apr 86) .

New, Provincial Commis sar Appointed in Kuito
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 25 Apr 86) ..ccccecccnccecscccscsccvcce

Briefs
Qil Export to Sao Tome Canceled

10

il

12

15

16

7



SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBILITY OF NEW SECURITY FORCE DISCUSSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 May 86 p 8
[article by Dawie: "Security: New Idea May Help in Controversy Around Police"]

{Text] Riot control and fighting terrorism are high on the list of things
being discussed around political coffee tables. There is therefore
considerable interest in new noises that are being heard on that subject.
This is especially true of the idea that a new organization between the police
and Defense Force should be set up, specifically with the aim of taking action
against riots and terrorist attacks.

Other Countries

The Nationalists expressed support for this idea in parliament this week in
discussing the law and order budget item of Minister Louis le Grange and
Deputy Minister Adriaan Vlok. It is useful to look at practices in certain
other countries in order to understand what is actually contemplated. In the
first place it should be remembered that armed forces, especially the army,
are the state's supreme protector against internal destruction. The practice
of using the armed forces to maintain internal security is not alien to other
countries -- unlike what is asserted here in hostile opposition circles.

“Third Force’

For example, the British government, seated in the mother of parliaments and a
cradle of democracy, sent soldiers into Northern Ireland to maintain order.
In some other countries, however, a "third force" -- as it is called in
specialized literature -- or more than one force between the police and armed
forces has been set up to maintain internal security. The Compagnies
Republicaines de Securite (CRS) were established in France to act in such a
capacity. In America the National Guard fulfills a similar role, as will be
remembered from the anti-Vietnam demonstrations and civil rights riots of the
1960's and 70's. An interesting aspect of the National Guard is that it meets
the needs of a federal system by being under the control of the states. ©

64



namely iBhayi at Port Elizabeth and Rini at Grahamstown. The two that
resigned are kwaNobuhle at Uitenhage and Lingelihle at Cradock.

Functioning

Things are in general going well in the Western Cape. He has just visited all
the black residential neigborhoods in that area. He was also in Soweto and
Deepmeadow. All the community councils here are functioning. The black city
councils on the Rand are also in operation. The areas are not inaccessible,
as some people claim. He traveled all over the region in ordinary vehicles.
The Progressive Federal Party claims there are places where even the police
cannot go in; so-called "no-go areas." He admits that when violent riots are
going on, such as the country recently experienced, the delivery of certain
goods will of course not take place. People will also not go into such areas
unnecessarily and place their lives in danger. But that is only for the
period of time that the riots last.

Break Down

Serious problems are being experienced with the collection of rental and
utilities money in some black residential neighborhoods. The revolutionary
elements are intimidating and exerting severe pressure on people not to pay
house rent. This is one of the most important methods that they use to try
and break down the government's authority. They want to destroy the principal
source of income of local management boards in this way, but are definitely
not succeeding in that. The creation of organizations is a very important
factor in the revolutionary onslaught. In practically every black residential
area there is thus a self-appointed pressure group, so-called "civic
associations," which control some neighborhoods to a greater or lesser extent.
These pressure groups are to an increasing extent insisting on recognition,
and do not want anything to be done without their permission in the
residential areas involved.

The government is also talking with these groups. An example is Oudtshoorn.
There are also talks with them at many other places. By entering into talks
with them you show that you are also listening to them; that there is not a
total barrier. There is contact. Mr Badenhorst stressed that where such
talks take place, it is done in such a way that the authority of the
recognized black bodies, local management boards, community councils and the
Urban Councils Association of South Africa (Ucasa) is not undermined. "The
radicals do not only undermine the government's authority. They want to take
it over themselves. And it is surprising what all they are doing to promote
their onslaught. We are dealing with a revolutionary onslaught. The town has
to be taken over, totally taken over. But seen overall, they are definitely
not succeeding in that."

The government is also getting numerous requests from Blacks asking for
permission to organize themselves into vigilante groups to protect them from
the radical elements. However, the state cannot allow such groups to take the
law into their own hands. Where such groups have appeared, however, they have
shown that a small group can control a residential neighborhood of tens of
thousands of people and can maintain order to a certain extent. In one case

50



SOUTH. AFRICA

BRIEFS

EXPORTS-IMPORTS SHOW RISE--South African exports were 17.5 percent higher in
the first 3 months of this year in comparison with the same period last year.
.Exports to Africa increased by 32 percent. The figures were released today
by the Department of Trade and Industries’ Export Promotion Division. Accord-
ing to the figures, the country also imported 19 percent more goods than
during the corresponding period last year. The imports represent an amount
of R6.8 billion and the exports 5.2 billion rand. South Africa was able to
export more foodstuff during the period under review, as, for the first time
in many years, good crops were harvested. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic
Service in Afrikaans 1400 GMT 27 May 86 MB) /8918

FUNDS FOR WESTERN CAPE UNEMPLOYED--The government has made about 5 million
rands available to create jobs for 2,836 unemployed at Langa, Nyanga,
Guguletu and Khayalitsha. This has been revealed in the House of Assembly
‘by the minister of Constitutional development and planning, Mr Chris Heunis,
in a written reply to a question. He said that the money had been requested
by the Western Cape Development Board. He said the board also administered
the projects tackled; namely, that provision of community services, the
cleaning of townships, the upgrading of hostels, the making of bricks, and
the building of 360 core houses. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in
English 0500 GMT 30 May 86 MB] /8918

cso: 3400/1843 END

99



establish a ceiling for the annual external debt service consonant with a
level acceptable to our economy.

We will therefore carefully work out an external debt policy in accordance
with these principles as soon as our external debt is rescheduled.

{HOROYA] Another and not the least of the duties of your department consists
in ensuring the proper coordination of the work of foreign experts who
represent a major burden on our budget. What policy have you adopted in this
matter?

{Benjamin] The management of external technical aid is a very delicate
matter. To begin with and as you noted, there is the aspect of the "cost of
technical aid" and its effect on the external debt. Foreign experts are very
expensive, but it is obvious that we need them and will therefore continue to
use to their services. There is also the aspect of the "quality of services
rendered" so as to make sure that the cost is justified. Finally we need to
take into account the "transfer of knowledge" to Guinean cadres, something
that, in my opinion, is the ultimate aim of technical aid.

We are now preparing our policy with respect to technical aid and intend it to
keep in mind these three parameters. Our policy will also aim at the greatest
possible variety of expertise of these specialists as well as of their origin.

We have already taken a census of the experts employed by the economic and
social ministries and other public institutions of an economic and financial
nature. Our next task will be that of working out a system for the management
of technical aid, in cooperation with the technical ministries (criteria for
the choice of experts, the preparation of their terms of reference, the
handling of their contracts, the systematic evaluation of their performance,
incentives for greater productivity, the methods of their working with their
Guinean counterparts, and so on and so forth).

({HOROYA] It is not easy to plan for a sick economy. Can you tell us here
about the difficulties confronting you?

[Benjamin] The lack of reliable statistical data on macroeconomic conditions
means that all economic and financial projections on which planning is based
are bound to be uncertain. We encounter the same difficulties at the

microeconomic level.

We are nevertheless about to reconstitute these data, and the National Center
for Computer Data and Management (CNIG) is now engaged in a remarkable effort
with regard to agricultural statistics and the national accounts. Our working
program should allow us before the end of 1988 to have available the proper
statistical tools and the instruments required for the reliable management of
the economy.

Despite these difficulties I am optimistic about the outlook for the

development of our country. The prescription handed’ down for our recovery is
sound. The first results of the conduct of this recovery program are

24



A joint project in Dabola and Dinguiraye Prefectures:
-- Runways to connect the areas of production with the subprefecture;

-- Reconstruction of Dabola and Dinguiraye hospitals (the work may be
entrusted to an ONG):

-- A program to supply water to villages (100 drillings) in Dinguiraye
Prefecture;

-- A program to increase and improve foodstuff cultivation (rice, corn, and
so on) as well as peanut cultivation in Dabola and Dinguiraye Prefectures.

In addition to this joint project, the Italian delegation was willing to study
Guinean requests with regard to:

-- Small-scale fishing (the establishment of a workshop to repair and
restore engines, the establishment of other workshops, the supply of engines,
boats and materials, a system for preserving and drying fish, technical aid
and vocational training);

-- The reconstruction and equipment of the refrigerated warehouse at the
port of Conakry, the construction and equipment of a new refrigerated
warehouse at Conakry Airport.

The Italian delegation also announced that an integrated rural development
project in Labe Prefecture, included in the first list of priorities, had been
submitted to the FAI for financing and would be carried out by an ONG (GVG).

This project is currently being examined by ‘the consultative legal and
technical committees as provided by Law No 73.

With respect to drugs, the Italian delegation confirmed its readiness to
furnish the quantity of products agreed in the course of a mission to Guinea
by Dr Antonelli, a FAI expert.

In view of the drought raging in the north of the country and the resulting
nutritional and sanitary difficulties, the Guinean delegation is pleased that
the FAI is considering the provision of drugs. At the same time, it
emphasizes the need for food (rice, sugar, tomatoes, milk, oil, and so on),
that would help schools and hospitals to cope with the drought.

While staying in Conakry, Counselor Pietro Porcarelli, head of the Italian
delegation, was received by Tiana Diallo, minister in charge of water
resources and forestry, and by Alhouseny Fofana, minister in charge of rural
development. He explained to them the broad outlines of the integrated
project of Dabola and Dinguiraye and got these respective authorities’

approval in principle.

Signor De Luca, a FIA official, for his part, met with Alpha Oumar Diallo,
director of fishery. At the end, the Italian and Guinean experts expressed
their satisfaction with the atmosphere of cooperation and mutual understanding
that distinguished their efforts.

11698
CSO: 3419/257 20



low-cost housing is being thoroughly investigated, and self-building plans are
encouraged and people are being helped by the furnishing of subsidized
building material and a subsidized infrastructure.

Proud

A combination of the people's own sweat and subsidized building material
offers a,solution, Mr Bezuidenhoud says. There is at present no community
couneil for the black township at Worcester. Nevertheless, he is now
conducting talks with a group of seven residents with a view to setting up a
form of local black management later. Mr Bezuidenhoud says radicalization is
the order of the day in Worcester and is being done’ by a small group of people
and the youths. The silent majority are intimidated by the ANC and UDF to
such an extent that they are panic~-striken.

Standstill

"By removing essential grievances, making the residents proud of their
townships and improving their standard and quality of living, the silent
majority must be helped to stand up and fight radicalism. A South Africanism
must take root among them in spite of the ANC's onslaught. We must look
beyond the radicalism to development, for that is where the bonuses are
waiting. The radicals must not be allowed to bring development to a
standstill. There is still goodwill, although to a lesser extent," Mr
Bezuidenhoud said. Mr Badenhorst says stability in the smaller black
communities is absolutely necessary. This can be brought about by the
people's needs being met. A big gap in the areas are recreational facilities.
He expressed the hope of an organization being established in the Western Cape
which can help to provide those facilities.

13084
cso: 3401/141

32


An interdiction from the Eastern Cape division of the High Court has just been
obtained according to which the squatters were to be transfered as of
yesterday. This is the first time that a local administration, in this case
the municipality of Uitenhage, is acting against the illegality of squatters
through an order from the High Court. It is thus not a case of callous
government action, Mr Le Roux said. The tension in the area will not
disappear quickly. Yet, much can be done to alleviate it. It is important
that the instruments of development should be acceptable to the Blacks. The
present development boards are not acceptable. The lawful grievances of
Blacks should be dealt with. It is important that achievable goals are set,
for the promises made to Blacks should be kept, Mr Le Roux said.

MP's Urged To Talk With Blacks

Although the unrest in the Eastern Cape is a great source of concern, he is
encouraged by members of the black community coming forth to conduct talks.
The great majority yearn for peace and prosperity, Mr Sakkie Louw, MP for
Newton Park, said. "We must therefore not allow a small percentage of reckless
elements to place an obstacle in the path of a solution to the relationship
problem in the country." Not all black leaders will come forth on their own
to take part in talks. He thinks it is imperatively necessary that members of
parliment and business leaders enter into talks with them. The state
president cannot be expected to perform the task alone.

13084
CSO: 3401/145

56



undergraduate basis. The council stressed that screening will be strictly
applied to all students in the future. That screening will relate to the
applicant's academic merits, as well as the precise reasons why a_ student
wants to become a Puk [Potchefstroom U. student]. [Text] [Cape Town DIE
BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Apr 86 p 2] 13084

PARABATS IN BOPHUTHATSWANA--South African soldiers from 1 Parachute Battalion,
Bloemfontein, jumped from two DC-3s (Dakotas) into the Thaba "Nchu area

of Bophuthatswana. Also used in the operation were three SAAF Impala jet
aircraft that performed several low-level fly pasts after the paradrop.

The 40 paratroops grouped at the Thaba 'Nchu police station before patrolling
the township on foot in a combined ground operation with the SA Police,
described by a Defence Force spokesman as a “preventative action." He said
“the action was planned, controlled and coordinated locally after certain
information was received by the security forces." they later withdrew in
Buffel troop carriers. There were no reports of arrests, finds of arms,

or any civil disturbance. The incident is significant in two aspects: it
took place inside bophuthatswana and, as far as is known, “Parabats" were
deployed for the first time in an urban "unrest" situation. Forty-four
Parachute Brigade, which includes 1 Parachute Battalion, is a crack assault
force used primarily in the northern operational area in airmobile reaction
units. The superbly disciplined and aggressive Parabats--all volunteers--
are ranked among the elite of the SADF and are second only to the "Recces."
The incident points to the possibility of armed ANC/PAC cadres or other dissi-
dents in the region. This could, in part, explain why frontline assault
troops trained in bush warfare were deployed in an urban area, instead of
using standard units. [Text][Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 9 May 86
p 41]/12828

MALES TO REPORT TO COMMANDO HQ'S--White male citizens aged between 18 and 54
in several cape magisterial districts and other areas were instructed,
according to notices in yesterday's Government Gazette published in Pretoria,
to supply their personal details to their nearest commando headquarters by
June 20. Beaufort West, Carnarvon, Fraserburg, Laingsburg, Prince Albert,
Richmond, Sutherland, Victoria West and Willison were listed in the notice

for June 20. In other notices white male citizens in Aberdeen, Albert,
Colesberg, Graaff-Reinet, Hanover, Hofmeyer, Jansenville, Middelburg (Cape),
Molteno, Murraysburg, Noupoort, Pearston, Steynsburg, Steytlerville, Venterstad
and Willowmore must report by June 6. White male citizens must report their
personal particulars to their nearest commando headquarters by June 13 in
Calitzdorp, Heidelberg (Cape), Joubertine, Ladismith, George, Mossel Bay,
Oudtshoorn, Riversdale and Union. Those living in the Port Elizabeth
magisterial district, excluding those within the municipal boundaries, and
those within the magisterial district of Uitenhage, excluding the municipal
boundaries of Uitenhage and Despatch, must report by June 7. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 24 May 86 p 8]/12828

ACTION NEEDED ‘TO STIMULATE ECONOMY--The minister of finance, Mr Barend

du Plesses, says the treasury is compelled to take further steps to stimulate

the economy this year after a decline in the 3 percent growth rate anticipated
in the budget a decline in the 3 percent growth rate anticipated in the budget
this year. Speaking during the third reading debate on the appropriation bill
in the House of Delegates, Mr du Peessis said now was the appropriate time to

74



LESOTHO

MILITARY COUNCIL OFFICIAL ON CIVILIAN RULE
MB232103 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 23 May 86
[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text] Earlier this week, a number of Lesotho opposition parties that
originally supported the toppling of Chief Jonathan by Major General
Lekhanya's Military Council on 20 January became disenchanted and apparently
in defiance of Order No 4 that outlaws overt political activity, issued
a highly critical statement about the new regime. They claimed it was
autocratic, that it ignored their opinions, that it made arbitrary arrests,
locked up journalists and was aiming to stay in power rather than hand

. back to civilian rule through free and fair elections. Well, one of the
most powerful men in Lesotho is civil servant Tom Tabane who is in London
at the moment. He is secretary to the Military Council. Robin White
asked Tom Tabane what he made of the parties’ accusation that Maj Gen
Lekhanya was turning his back on return to civilian rule.

{Begin recording] [Tabane] I think if these people came there with this
kind of accusation 5 years from now, or even 3, 4 years from now, one would
start thinking there is a point in what they are saying, but we are only
talking between the 20 January and now, and having just been in the country
and going back to the country in fact, I think the job of bringing
reconciliation, which was destroyed for 20 years, and bringing people
together to start working together, to start going to the fields, to

start developing agriculture, to start rebuilding their houses which

were burned down, to start coming back from Botswana, Zambia, South Africa,
and so on and resettle in Lesotho, you need some time for this. While

we are doing all this and while General Lekhanya is doing all these things,
he is now being accused of entrenching himself in power. I don't think
that is true. He has repeatedly said in the public meetings he has held,
most of which I attended myself, he has repeatedly said that as soon as

the conditions that caused him to take power have been met, he will go
back to the barracks, and I think he is serious about it.

[White] How long do you, yourself, think that is going to be for him
to go back to the barracks?

26



SOUTH AFRICA

MEDIA COUNCIL CRITICIZES. RESTRICTIONS ON REPORTING
MB271105 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0954 GMT 27 May 86 |

[Text] Cape Town, May 27, SAPA~~The South African Media Council expresses
the hope in a statement issued today that the Public Safety Amendment Bill
will be amended to Limit regulatory powers sought under the bill.

"In the light of past experience and on the information available, we feel
constrained to sound a warning note, now, while the new measure is still under
consideration, and to voice the hope that the government will not feel moved
to re-impose previous limitations on reporting about unrest situations,"

it said.

The statement, authorised by the executive committee and issued by former
appeal court Judge Mr Louis de van Winsen as chairman of ‘the Media Council
and of the council's committee on the free flow of information, reads:

Text: "The bill, in its present form, provides for wide powers, not subject
to the jurisdiction of the courts, which could lead to curtailment of media
access to information on.matters of public importance.

"Withdrawal of the emergency proclamations on March 7 ‘was accompanied by
government statements that they would be replaced by other measures.

"At the time of the withdrawal the Media Council was considering complaints
by English and Afrikaans editors about widespread police harassment of
journalists, making gathering and publishing news about events of major
public importance difficult and often impossible.

"There was also concern about apparent lack of clarity and control in issuing
and applying regulations authorised by the emergency proclamations, including
powers for police officers on the spot to give out verbal directions.

In addition, some news editors alleged that policemen resorted to powers
conferred under the emergency regulations in areas not subject to the
emergency proclamations.

"With the withdrawal of the emergency proclamations, the Media Council

decided to withhold comment until the proposed amendment to the Public
Safety Act became available.

92



ANGOLA

PAPER DISCUSSES POLITICAL SOLUTION TO CIVIL WAR

Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 5 Apr 86 p 27
[Article by Carlos da Matta]

[Excerpts]. UNITA carries out military operations throughout most of Angola
in order to make an impact domestically and internationally, to affect the
economy and attempt to disperse the FAPLA's best units. These units are
augmenting their armor, air. power and personnel in preparation for a probable
attack on Jonas Savimbi's large bases during the dry season that begins in
May (however, the vegetation and some rivers only dry up 1 to 2 months later).
During this time heavy equipment can be transported more easily.

Meanwhile, it is probable that a stalemate will continue now that UNITA has.
better means of defense. On the diplomatic front, there was President..Jose
Eduardo dos Santos' letter to the UN secretary general in which he criticized
the United States and rejected its role as a mediator. - Sources close to the
government say that Frank Wisner's recent trip to southern Africa was aimed
at isolating Angola and preparing consumated facts in the sub-region.

Domestically, there has been a wave of popular protests against the austerity
measures announced by the MPLA-PT's political bureau at the beginning of

the month. These measures are a consequence of the fall in oil-prices.. The
critics underscore that these measures only deal with small points that are not
enough to solve the problem, which is said to lie.in the rash expenditures
made when oil prices were high and no thought was: given’ to the future.

These critics also stress that it is useless to proceed with certain very
expensive projects that only worsen the nation's liquidity. These projects
are, according to the critics, the Agostinho Neto mausoleum (extimated cost
$50 million), the Kapanda dam (about $100 million per year and the economic
utility of which is keenly debated even within government circles), and the
continuation of fishing agreements with foreign countries under unfavorable
conditions for Angola.

These protests, like others before them, crop up under the most varied
circumstances. They find national expression in every-day language.

Democrats who repeat and refine them consider these to be virtual "campaigns
of popular protest." They add that only the end of the war, an abyss that has



review the economy. He cautioned, however, that it would not be easy to im-
plement packages designed for the stimulus, in his analysis of the factors
contributing to the decline, Mr du Plessis said it was alarming that for the
5th consecutive year there had been a decline in the rate of net fixed invest-
ment. According to our parliamentary news staff, Mr du Plessis conceded that
the unrest contributed to the slowdown in the economy. He expressed optimism,
however, that once the economy was on a firmer footing it would inspire in-
vestment. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 27 May
86 MB] /8918

CSO: 3400/1844

75



SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTAGE ON REACTION TO NATIONAL COUNCIL BILL
NPP, Solidarity Party Welcome Proposal
MB231044 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 23 May 86

[Text] The minister of constitutional development and planning, Mr Chris
Heunis, says the proposed national council is to be an interim advisory
body on general affairs. Mr Heunis was clarifying certain aspects of the
proposed council in Cape Town. He said the functions of the council would
be advisory on matters in the national interest affecting all communities.
Proposals by the national council would have to be acceptable to the
country's executive authority before they could be submitted to parliament
for approval.

In reply to a question as to whether or not a referendum would be held be-
fore the National Council Bill was tabled in parliament, the minister said
it would not be necessary as the constitution remained unchanged.

The minister of local government, housing, and agriculture in the House of
Delegates, Mr Baldeo Dookie, says the council's establishment will be a
step in the right direction. He said those who did not want to participate
would have only themselves to blame at a later stage.

The two major parties in the House of Delegates--the majority National
People's Party and the opposition Solidarity Party--have welcomed the proposed
National Council Bill. The leader of the NPP, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, des-
cribed the measure as the greatest happening in the pursuit of peaceful
political reform. The leader of. Solidarity, Dr J.N. Reddy, said the occasion
was historic because, for the first time, blacks would have a say in the laws
promulgated by parliament. .

The Conservative Party has condemned: the bill as. the penultimate step to black
domination and white capitulation. The party's spokesman on constitutional
development and planning, Mr Jan Joorn, said the bill was treason against

the whites in South Africa.

The chief minister of Kwazulu, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, says the defini-
tion of the main objective of the proposed bill is what the world has been
waiting to hear. He advised black South Africans to think very carefully
about it. He said the primary objective of the bill was a radical departure
from previous NP policy, as it offered everyone participation in the prepar-

81



ANGOLA

SAVIMBI VIEWS POSSIBILITY OF TALKS WITH MPLA
Lisbon O DIA in Portuguese 17 Apr 86 p 11

{Text] In an interview published in Brazil, Jonas. Savimbi admits to the
possibility of negotiating with the ruling MPLA even without discussing the
Cuban presence in Angola. "Only after negotiations will we talk about the
fate of foreign troops in Angola," said Savimbi in statements to the magazine
POLITIQUE INTERNACIONAL and reported in the Brazilian newspaper O ESTADO DE
SAO PAULO.

Savimbi said that 10,000 Cuban military personnel have already been given
Angolan citizenship. He also said that any agreement with the leadership
in Luanda must first include the formation of a nonpartisan provisional
government which will be followed by elections.

"The winner would have enough power to propose the creation of a government
coalition to the other political forces," he said.

Savimbi described UNITA's objectives to be "national independence and a return
of freedom."

He said that there are now one million people living in UNITA controlled
territory. He added, "For example, 90 percent of Huambo belongs to UNITA.
We make the laws there. There are other areas where officially the MPLA
has a greater presence than we do but at night these belong to UNITA."

Savimbi admitted in the interview that his forces lack medicine, school
supplies and anti-tank and anti-aircraft missiles.

He expressed his desire to obtain a more powerful radio transmitter than the
one he now has ("Angola Livre").

Still on the subject of communications, Savimbi feels that one of UNITA's
great successes lies in its good communications links,

"Our radio broadcasting system covers all of Angola," said Savimbi.



U.S. RAISES RELIEF AID TO CROSSROADS

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 22 May 86 p 1

[Text]

/12828

CSO:

THE United States Government yes-
terday raised its aid for Crossroads
victims to R70 000, giving a desperate-
ly-needed boost to the biggest relief
operation in Western Cape history.

Welfare organizations are battling
round the clock to give food, clothing,
shelter and medical attention to the
estimated 20000 people made desti-
tute by fighting in the area.

And, they say, Capetonians are re-
sponding well to the crisis.

Announcing an additional grant of
R50 000, US Ambassador Mr Herman
Nickel said “the American people and
government want to reach out with
practical help”.

Soup kitchens and crisis centres set
up by welfare organizations are help-

ing at least 5000 people, with 2.000
being fed and sheltered at the Zolani
Centre by St John Ambulance.

Yesterday the Zolani Centre was a
hive of activity with volunteers and
nursing sisters dealing with incoming
food supplies, attending to the sick
and injured and feeding the children.

The director of housing for the
Western Cape Development Board, Mr
Graham Lawrence, said at least 1000
people had been rehoused in tents at
Khayelitsha, The SADF had donated
200 tents.

A spokeswoman for the Western
Province Council of Churches ap-
pealed for. building materials such as
wood, zinc and nails.

‘ A Red Cross centre, with a clinic,
has been operating since the erection

3400/1848

of the tent camp on Monday.
Yesterday the Red Cross sister in
charge, who declined.to give her
name, said bread, soup and clothing
donated by organizations over the past
three days had been used to feed and
clothe refugees, which include
aba oe be “a ition reported
nother lonation yes-
terday was R10 000 from the Commun-
ity Chest to the Child Welfare Society
for use in a crisis centre at Nyanga’s A
M E Church for children separated
from their parents in the fighting.
By late yesterday donations had
been received from, among others, the
City Council, the Urban Foundation,
Jews for Justice, Pick ’n Pay, the Ro-
man Catholic Church and Shawco.
The Mayor of Cape Town, Mr Leon

Markovitz, yesterduy said the City was
“deeply concerned” but added that the
area did not fall under the council’s
jurisdiction,

A spokesman for the Divisional
Council, which provides some ser-
vices there for the WCDB, said it was
exploring ways of distributing food.

@Mr Norman Osburn, Cape area
commissioner of the Boy Scouts Asso-
ciation, last night appealed to all
scouts and cubs attending meetings in
the next few days to take with them to
their meetings a blanket or item of
warm clothing for Crossroads victims.

He added that Scout headquarters at
86 Bree Street, Cape Town, and the
Athlone Scouts centre were being
made available as public collection
points. .

79



Units based outside South Africa operate from camps located fairly close to
the border zones, where active members rest after raids, new recruits are
trained and the administration organises supply and movement.

The ANC enjoys considerable foreign assistance in training. Tanzania, where
the ANC headquarters is, has lent help, as have the Bulgarians and North
Koreans.

By South African accounts there is also a regular movement of trainees be-
tween Southern Africa, the Soviet Union and East Germany, with some ANC
members going to Libya.

Zambia may also be a transit area for trainees. Mozambique too, may offer
passage, and possibly training and base facilities.

By an agreement in March 1984 between South Africa and Mozambique, all camps
in Mozambique were supposed to have been shut down.

But evidence collected after a landmining in Northern Transvaal in December
1985 showed that the perpetrators, who were eventually tracked down to
Zimbabwe, had come from Mozambique.

The largest training centre is in Angola, with six camps in the government
controlled area. One, Novo Catenque, was badly damaged during the South
African incursion in April 1979.

The armed bands operating into South Africa from across the borders are
rarely more than a dozen strong. Weapons, almost all of Soviet bloc origin,
are no heavier than infantry platoon type.

In two township incidents recently, the security forces identified Soviet
Kalashnikov assault rifles in the hands of what were called ANC members.

Other favoured weapons are handgrenades and landmines, but these often have
to be stored in caches for long periods and become unstable.

Units penetrating South Africa from the border states try to evade action
on the march and concentrate on carrying out selective landmining or shoot-
ing attacks.

But the hostile terrain along the borders--desert in the north, mountain and
dense forest in the west, much of it inhabited by big game--greatly adds to
the hazard of penetration.

These natural difficulties and the efficiency of the South African security

forces have so far ensured that the very limited military capability of
Spear of the Nation offers the Republic little objective threat.

/8918
cso: 3400/1842

90



London is near the black residential neighborhood. With the demolition of the
black squatters camp, many blacks moved into the backyard of Coloreds in the
colored neighborhood, because they ‘were under the impression that this was
becoming a black area as a result of an announcement by the government. The
Coloreds in whose backyards the Blacks had squattered insisted that they pay
rent. Those who did not want to pay ‘were kicked out. Consequently, black
"comrades" in some cases kicked the colored family out of the house, and the
illegal Black and his family then took possession of the house with the
permission of the "comrades." This led to discord.

Dispute

"I know of a person who was set afire in that area over that." There was also
a dispute between Azapo and the UDF in East London. First there was a bus
boycott, followed by a store boycott. The first boycott of stores started on
3 March. Some of the Blacks' enterprises were also burned down in Duncan
Village, presumably because the owners did not want to pay a "levy" to the
radicals. "Practically the only thing that they could not burn down in Duncan
Village was the swimming pool, for there was water in it. They burned down
the beer hall, the office of the Association for the Care of Cripples, the
hall, two schools and a church. They exploded a bomb in the office of the
head of the Esperanza School, a colored school. They stole and carried away
the entire corrugated iron roof. The school was evacuated after that.
Altogether 52 homes of policemen, officials and other people were burned down
in Dunean Village. Several cars were burned out. At times everything was
very calm and then the riots suddenly flamed up again.

Truth

Regarding the security forces, Mr Mopp said the people are more aware of a
Defense Force presence than a police presence. At one black neighborhood
during the day you will see a patrol wagon on one side and a patrol wagon on
the other side. They take off in the evening. The radicals thus know well
that if they want to do something there they must do it at night. People who
live in the C Section of the black neighborhood live in the most critical
circumstances imaginable. There is also much unemployment. It is not
necessary for the radicals to purposefully whip up the people. They only have
to speak the truth. People are uneasy and nervous in the colored areas near
Buffalo Flats in East London. Their neighborhood borders on the black
neighborhood of Duncan Village, about 200 meters from the part which was the
central point of violence.

Worst

Now the government wants to build another 170 houses for Blacks in the open
part between the colored and the black neighborhoods. That is only going to
raise the tension. The Coloreds spent thousands of rands to build their own
homes. Now 170 low-cost homes for Blacks are being built right up against
their neighborhood. With that, the black neighborhood, where the riots were
the worst, is being brought up to them. The Coloreds are not happy about

58



Fortunately there is a broad stream in the middle among Whites as well as
Blacks who would rather live together than die together in South Africa.

"For all of us who want to keep a cool head, the challenge lies in our having
to make it possible for people from both sides to stand together in
steadfastness and humanity. We must raise love of our neighbors above daily
violence and murder. The big question, however, is how we are going to manage
that. How do we fight violence without using violence? Is it possible? Can
it be done; and if not, how much violence should we use?" There is among the
Whites a big stream who are willing and eager to continue with reform --
people who want to talk, want to bargain, want to take the black man's hands
and with him work out a fair and just future without any discrimination.
There is an equally big stream of goodwill.on the black side. But they are
leaderless and afraid. Yet they pin their hopes on the government to protect
them. "We have to bring these streams of reasonable Whites and Blacks
together as soon as possible, for both are getting uneasy about the visible
problems in the prevailing circumstances."

The fact is that one funeral leads to another funeral. More display of force
by the ANC and greater defiance of the state's authority, cruel intimidation,
murder and the burning down of houses, possessions and schools is the order of
the day. This is not only seen. Blacks who are branded as moderates or

"sell-outs" feel it bodily.

Many Blacks have the conception that the state cannot control the radical
elements. They say they are in many cases prevented through intimidation from
paying house rent. In some cases the radicals themselves collect the house
rent for their own purposes. Many shopkeepers in black neighborhoods have to
pay "protection money" to the radicals, they say. They think it is safer to
join in and subject themselves to the terror and in this way keep on living.
They are afraid to resist them, for they do not know whether the state will
always be able to protect their possessions and life. They are more afraid of
the "necklace" than any measure that the state can institute. the ANC seeks
confrontation through defiance and by more and bigger demands of the
government. That seeking of confrontation is not going to decrease; it is
going to increase. They know that they are strengthening their numbers daily
through intimidation and that their support abroad is henceforth going to get
greater momentum with every funeral and every confrontation with the children.

This makes the reasonable Whites and Blacks in the Eastern Cape uneasy. Their
enthusiasm for cooperation is starting to evaporate. They are starting to
doubt whether the government still can or wants to exercise control everywhere
in black areas. The Whites who have suffered partial or total damage as a
result of boycotts are building up a radical resistance against Blacks as well
as the government, which is directly and indirectly held responsible for what
they see as a lack of action. It is difficult to continue with reform as long
as there is no law and order and the real leaders from both sides are not
becoming involved in it, Mr Coetzer says.

54



ANGOLA

NEW PROVINCIAL COMMISSAR APPOINTED IN KUITO
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 p 3

[Text] The new provincial commisar of Bie, Marcolino Jose Carlos, was
recently presented to the people of that city during a ceremony of the people
held in "Commander Tiger" Place.

At the ceremony, presided over by the president of the regional military
council of the 4th region, Lieutenant Colonel Marques Monakapui Bassovava,
messages from Party Youth, from the Security and Defense Forces, and from
Internal Order were read.

Lieut. Col. Bassovava said that efforts to improve the welfare of the peoples
of the 4th military region and to fight against the counterrevolution would
be redoubled.

Marcolino emphasized the need to improve party and government organization,
and the importance of supporting the military in their attempts to resolve
the major problems of the moment.

An extraordinary session of the People's Provincial Assembly was also held in
this city in order to present the new president of this state body to the
representatives and their assistants.

At the meeting the president of the regional military council of the 4th
region read the biography of the new president of the People's Provincial
Assembly of Bie, Marcolino Jose Carlos, member of the Central Committee of
the MPLA-Work Party.

12857/9435
CsO: 3442/215

16



were formed to overcome the problem. Place was made for almost 2,000
additional members in the two units.

"Change is irrevocably the order of the day in South Africa. The government
ean only bring change to our system of living in an atmosphere of peace and
tranquility. In creating such a situation, the Defense Force is from time to
time expected to help with restoring and preserving law and order," the Rev.
Hendrickse said. The responsibility of carrying out their duties with dignity
now rests on the shoulders of the volunteers. Their conduct should always be
of such a nature that they gain and keep the public's respect and esteem
without neglecting their duty and losing dignity. Cups were presented to the
following achievers: Privates K. Baron (the neatest student), J. Stewart
(best shot), W. Drieberg (sharpest student), R. January (best overall
student), Capt Marthinus Lott of H Company (best company with regard to
projects) and Maj Eben Swanepoel of C Company (best athletic company, best
marksmanship company and also the best company).

13084
CSO: 3401/140

45



SOUTH AFRICA

BADENHORST SAYS MOST LOCAL BLACK COUNCILS STILL FUNCTIONING
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 Apr 86 p 17
{Article by Jacques van Wyk: "Black Town Councils Continue to Work"]

[Text] Alexandra on the Witwatersrand is now in the news over the violence
occurring there. Reverend Sam Buti, the mayor, and Alexandra's three last
council members have resigned. This installment, the fourth in the series
about the unrest in black areas, is an interview which Jacques van Wyk held
with Mr Piet Badenhorst, deputy minister of constitutional development and
planning.

Although some local black management boards and community councils have
resigned, mainly because of the riots and pressure from radicals, there is no
question of the system having fallen apart nationwide, as some people claim,
Mr Piet Badenhorst, deputy minister of constitutional planning and
development, says. He said in an interview that 187 out of a total of 232
local black management boards and community councils are still completely in
operation. Of the 190 community councils, 150 are still in operation.
Altogether 40 have resigned. Concerning the resignation of Rev Sam Buti,
mayor of Alexandra, and his city council, Mr Badenhorst said he took note of
that with regret, as well as of the events in the residential area.

New Councils

"I am still convinced that orderly management of a residential area is the
task of elected leaders, and I want to express the confidence that the
residents of Alexandra will not only endorse this principle, but will actively
participate to make it a reality. That is the only method for making a
tranquil living place of their residential areas." Besides some of the
management boards and councils which resigned being set up again, his office
still receives applications from black towns for the establishment of new
community councils. His observation is that Blacks greatly enjoy serving on
the community, city and town councils and that they think that their
communities benefit from them. Most Blacks want to continue with them. Mr
Badenhorst says he does not deny that there are serious problems.
Circumstances in the Eastern Cape still arouse great concern. Of the 46
community councils in the Eastern Cape, there are about 18 that have not
resigned, while two of the four local management boards have not resigned,

49



SOUTH AFRICA

IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT BEHIND CROSSROADS VIOLENCE DESCRIBED

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 21 May 86 p 9

[Article by Tony Weaver]

[Text]

12828
CSO:

THE vicious fighting tn the
Crossroads/Nyanga Bush
area is the culmination of a
sustained ideological battle
between conservative and
militant leaders frying, to
gain control of the heavily-
populated area.

Repeated allegations of
police intervention on the
side of conservative vigi-
lantes in this and previous
battles have been categori-
eallv denied by police.

helm of the cam-

Al
paign against activists has -

the “Old Crossroads
Committee”, led by Mr

Johnson Ngxobongwana '

and his chief lieutenant, Mr
Sam Ndima, who have effec-
tively banned all work by
Progressive organizations.
Before the latest. out-
break of violence, more
than 50 activists fled after
the committee purged Old
Crossroads of community,
youth and women’s groups.
Those who are in hiding’

3400/1848

include two former mem-
bers of Mr Ngxobongwana’s
committee, Mr Sam Langa
and Mr. A .Nkpande.

The latest violence fol-
lows on a_ history of on-

joing attacks by Mr Ngxo-
Bongwana’s supporters on
followers of Mr Melford Ya-
mile and Mr Christopher
Toise, the progressive
leaders of the Nyanga Bush
and Portland Cement
Works camps.

At the root of the conflict
are the>vastly differing

styles of leadership at the -

head of the two groups.

Mr Yamile and Mr Toise
are popularly-elected
leaders who exact mini-
mum dues from their mem-
bers and whose organiza-

tion .operates
democratically.

On the other hand Mr
Ngxobongwana is regularly
accused of running Cross-
roads “as if he were a tribal
chief’ relying on an exten-
sive system of patronage to

78

secure his power base.
Both their houses are
among the estimated 2 000-
lus razed in the past three
jays. Late last month, a
group of white men wear-
ing balaclavas fired several

: shots into Mr Toise’s house

and also hurled a percus-
sion grenade into his house
during a prayer service.

The “witdoek” vigilantes
have also launched attacks
on the homes of activists
living in New Crossroads
and Nyanga East, and in the
last attack, seven vigilantes
were killed by defending
militants.

Mr ‘Ngxobongwana, who
has a reputed income from
tithes and rent collection
on squatter sites estimated
at over R40 000 in a good
month and R5 000 in a bad
month, has made repeated
attempts ,to take over both
the Nyanga Bush and the
Portland Cement Works

‘camp and incorporate them

into his squatter empire.



ANGOLA

SCHOLARSHIP STUDENTS IN CSSR REMINDED OF AUSTERITY MEASURES

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 16 Apr 86 p 12

[Text] A motion in support of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Workers"
Party, and particularly of the president of the MPLA-Workers' Party and of the
People's Republic of Angola, Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, was unanimously
approved last Saturday in Prague by the participants at the 3d assembly of
Angolan students in Czechoslovakia.

In addressing that meeting the Angolan ambassador to the RDA, Mendes de
Carvalho, supplementary member of the central committee of the party, said
that the "status quo" in South Africa is grave.

He added that the military situation in Angola is complicated, with racist
South African troops continuing to occupy part of the Kuando Kubango province,
and 10 mercenary battalions and regular forces of the South African army
concentrated along the frontier between Namibia and Angola.

Mendes de Carvalho mentioned austerity, indicating the government's desire

to reduce costs, and said that students outside Angola would not be able to
spend vacations at home this. year, and that each student is called upon to be
aware of the realities in Angola, and not ask for what is impossible.

The Angolan director emphasized the necessity for raising the effectiveness
and discipline‘ of each student, since only in that way could they become able
to respond to the needs of the People's Republic of Angola, and since, if not,
it would be useless. and absurd to expect a gradual reduction in the number of
foreign workers there, a group that is quite costly to the country.

In response to part of a speech given by the representative of the Czechoslo-
vakian Ministry of Education, Mendes de Carvalho gave assurance that he would
communicate’ to the Angolan authorities the desire that they no longer send
older students to Czechoslovakia for course work, since the homes designated
for such students are not appropriate for adults.

At the meeting, the new secretary of the Union of Angolan Students in
Czechoslovakia, Joao Francisco, was named to succeed Angelo Peca,

There are about 350 Angolan scholarship students in the Socialist Republic of
Czechoslovakia.

12857/9435, .
cso: 3442/215 a 1



SOUTH AFRICA

OFFICIALS DISCUSS MAIN ELEMENTS OF UNREST
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 May 86 p 27

[Articles by Jacques van Wyck] :

Youths Seen as ANC's Frontline Troops

[Text] The Eastern Cape is one of the two areas in the country most seriously
affected by the unrest in black residential areas. The other is the
Witwatersrand in today's installment, the fifth in our series on the unrest, a
number of MP's from the Eastern Cape tell Jacques van Wyk in interviews what
is going on in their areas, what role children play, how people react to the
unrest and what, according to them, can be done.

Youths, some still very young children, are carrying on a reign of terror in
various black residential areas in the Eastern Cape. They are the frontline
troops of the ANC, Mr Hendrik Coetzer, NP MP for East London North, says. Mr
Coetzer, who regularly talks with Blacks in his constituency, says it is
shocking to see how young boys, some no older than nine or ten years, give
orders to strong adults. The latter do not offer any resistance, because they
are afraid of the consequences: a gasoline bomb tossed at their home or a
necklace" for them or one of their family members. It is children who can
point the finger at any Black or woman, and then it is Ichabod with that
person. It is children who make demands of the government and the country,
who asked for more and better schools and books, and then burn them down and.
destroy them as quickly as they receive them. There are boycotts under the
coercion of children that are lifted so that they can catch their breath and
make further demands before they again institute the boycotts.

The other Blacks have to just join in and put up with it. These children will
ostensibly themselves decide when and where they want to go school so that
they can receive Marxist indoctrination in the form of "alternative education"
and be mobilized for further terrorism. A generation of black ehildren are
being brought up filled with hate -- hate of the state authority, the police,
and the white man. They regard murder of innocent people as a joke. Some of
them, after they have smashed up a car with rocks, will laughingly set the
occupants on fire or stone them to death and regard that as "sport".

53



Ideological Conflict Behind Crossroads Violence Described

(Tony Weaver; CAPE TIMES, 21 May 86) ...ecceccscceceecrecs

U.S. Raises Relief Aid to Crossroads

Priest

(CAPE TIMES, 22 May 86) ceccececccccscevcncerescsscsceeees

Tells of Squalor, Violence in Alexandra Township
(Jackie Unwin; THE STAR, 27 May 86) ..ccceccescessvceecees

SOCLOPOLITICAL/OTHER

/7310

Reportage on Reaction to National Council Bill

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 23 May 86; Johannesburg
International Service, 26 May 86) ...csccececsecccccveeses

NPP, Solidarity Party Welcome Proposal
Commentary Hails Council Move

Labor Party Rejects Separate Municipalities

(SAPA, 26 May 86) .ccccuccccccecccvcvvcvccccceecenrerseees

RSC's Regarded as Linchpin of Government Reform, Flaws Noted

(Mark Swilling; THE STAR, 27 May 86) ...seccecsceececceecs

Timing, Objectives of Raids Seen as Puzzling

(CAPE TIMES, 20 May 86) .eccccesecececccccescnsccscsereess

Analyst Says ANC Offers 'Little' Military Threat

(John Keegan; SUNDAY TIMES, 25 May 86) wccveccsceeceecenes

Psyco-Social Stresses of Apartheid Lead to High Suicide

(THE ARGUS, 19 May 86) .ccceccccccccccccccccccecencreerees

Media Council Criticizes Restrictions on Reporting

Briefs

(SAPA, 27 May 86) cscccecccccccccvcccccccccecescrreteeeees

Property Sales to Indians Discouraged
New MAWU President
New Security Bills Opposed

ASSOCOM's BCI Declines for Third Consecutive Month

(SAPA, 29 May 86) cscccccccvcccccccccccvcccescesccceeccess

Commentary Emphasizes Importance of. Small Business

Briefs

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 30 May 86) .ssceceesseeees

Exports-Imports Show Rise
Funds for Western Cape Unemployed

-da-

78

79

80

81

81

82

83

84

88

89

91

92

94
94
94

95

97

99
99



They also said they would investigate lines of communication to work with
other women to bring about peace.

"We hereby extend a hand of friendship."
They sought to share the following goals with other women:

--Sharing of a common fatherland they loved and wanted to protect for their
children.

~~A mutual dependency to develop human potential.

-~Seeking, as mothers, especially for the youth, a new spirit of goodwill
and understanding.

--They called on the authorities to regard 1987 as a "year of goodwill and
“understanding.”

They also called-on women to pray daily for the country and its people.

Their recent annual meeting was addressed by Professor H. Boshoff, director
of future studies at the University of Potchefstroom.

The organization also decided to seek the cooperation of parents, teachers
and schools in-combatting the problem of teenage pregnancies.

/8918
CSO: 3400/1844

* 70



satisfactory. Our potential in the matter of material and human resources is
appreciable. There is therefore no reason for us not to succeed, provided we
persevere in our efforts.

{HOROYA] A vast range of work needs to be mastered, from the coordination of
sectorial policies to the working out of a development budget. What do you
expect from the various interested sectors with regard to the realization of
these major objectives?

[Benjamin] Intelligent, persevering cooperative efforts, motivated entirely
by the national interest.

11698
CSO: 3419/257

25



lack of dynamism within the party, but rather to the reluctance of reasonable
South Africans of other political persuasions and population groups to come
to the conference table.

To what extent is the reform initiative being retarded by resistance from
conservative NP MPs?

The reform initiative is not being retarded by anyone in the NP. It is being
retarded by people outside the NP who are reluctant to co-operate.

A number of NP MPs have expressed concern privately about the significant
swing away from the party in many areas; far better turnouts have been
recorded at rightwing meetings than those of the NP.

I do not believe those supporters are lost to us. The appearance of lost
support is caused by the uncertainty I mentioned earlier. But once we
succeed with our reform initiatives and can announce something definite,
this temporary lack of enthusiasm will end.

The Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging and its associates have clearly become a
major force in white politics. How much of a threat are they to the NP?

I do not think they are a real threat to the NP. It is not a’ new manifestation
in SA. We had it in the late Thirties and early Forties, with groups such as
the Grey Shirts, the New Order and the Osswabrandwag. That was also a period
of uncertainty preceding World War 2 and following an economic depression.

We have just gone through a period of deep economic depression and a protracted
drought, and in a certain sense we are in a state of war, although of a
different kind. Therefore these upstart groupings have manifested them-

selves now for the same reason as in the early Forties, but they will die the
same natural death as their predecessors.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1824

68



- Factory work and construction - 2,107 compared with 884; and
- Engaged in non-economic activities - 9,298 compared with 5,876.

The only months in which there was a loss of people were July, August and
December. In December, 863 people came into the country and 1,136 left it.
According to the Central Statistics Services, 135 people in professional,
technical and related services entered South Africa in December of last year
and 195 left the country. The breakdown of immigrants and emigrants was
respectively as follows:

- Engineers - 34 and 49; doctors and dentists - 8 and 8 ~ accountants - 14 and
14; educationists - 10 and 29; and others 66 and 95.

As for educationists, South Africa got 341 immigrants throughout 1984 as
opposed to the loss of 146 emigrants. The number of educationists who came to
South Africa last year was 178 compared with 116 who left the country.

According to the 1984 figures, most of the 8,545 emigrants chose to move to
Europe and Britain. Altogether, 339 moved to African countries, 208 to Asia,
695 to the Americas, three to unspecified destinations, 1,574 to Oceania
(Australia and New Zealand) and 5,726 to Europe, most of whom went to the
United Kingdom, West Germany and Portugal (in that order).

A spokesman for the British embassy said it seemed in the past few months as
if people who could not get British passports applied for Irish passports.
According to him, the Irish government is evidently more pragmatic in granting
passports. A British passport can be obtained on various grounds. The most
common one is that the father of an applicant, who is older than 18 and whose
grandfather is or was a born British eitizen, is a British citizen and the
minor applicant can get a British passport through him. Since 1983, anyone
whose mother was born in Britain also qualifies for British eitizenship.

A spokesman for the Australian embassy said that, according to information
furnished in that country's parliament in November of last year, 1,679 South
Africans moved to Australia in 1984/85.

13084
cso: 3401/143

* 61



BOTSWANA

BDF COMMANDER STRESSES NEED FOR DEFENSE
MB231648 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1611 GMT 23 May 86

[Text] The commander of the Botswana Defense Force [BDF], Major General
Mompati Merafe, has called on members of the BDF to dedicate themselves
to the defense of this country and not allow enemies of the force to make
them lose their cohesion and sense of direction.

Speaking at a passing out parade of 153 privates at the Sir Serretse Khama
barracks today, the major general said the threat against Botswana has
now become more apparent than ever before in the light of the South
African raid on Mogaditshane on Monday.

He said although the raid was an absolute fiasco in military terms, it had
driven home the message that Botswana could no longer rely on the goodwill
of South Africa for its security.

Maj Gen Merafe said the raid had also underscored the need for Botswana
to increase its resource allocation to the BDF in order to improve its
ability to defend the country. He said gone are the days when the BDF
could only be expected to offer token resistance by fighting with bows
and arrows, particularly when the South Africans attacked a BDF camp
occupied by soldiers, women, and children.

Maj Gen Merafe also appealed to members of the force to ensure that infor-
mation relating to the activities of the defense force is protected, as
it may be used to the detriment of the safety of soldiers and those they
are employed to protect.

He expressed anger that a member of the BDF was injured during a shootout
in the center of the camp. He, however, commended members of the BDF for
the gallant manner in which they repelled the attack on the camp.

Maj Gen Merafe said he was happy to say that enemy troops caught the
biggest shocks of their lives when they found themselves confronted with
fierce antiaircraft fire, which forced them to withdraw much quicker than
they had intended. The major general stressed that although the BDF is
a small force, it had clearly proven that it is not prepared to be
intimidated into submission.

19604
cso: 3400/1853

18


SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL URGES BISHOP TUTU TO PROMOTE RECONCILIATION
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Apr 86 p 8

(Editorial: "Archbishop Tutu"]

[Text] Bishop Tutu was quite right when he said that his being selected as
leader of the Anglican Church in southern Africa put a "tremendous
responsibility" on him. The responsibility would in any case have been greats
it became "tremendous" through his own doing, which has made a controversial
figure of him. The fact that he is a Black has nothing to do with the matter.
It is perfectly understandable that a Black was considered for that high post
in a church where about 80 percent of the members are black. He owes his
controversiality to his conduct in recent years, which culminated in his. call
for sanctions against South Africa two weeks before he was selected. This has
inevitably aroused a sharp reaction, not only from the broad public, but also
in the Anglican Church itself. The reaction would have been no less vehement
if such an appeal had come from a white churchman in Bishop Tutu's position.

The temptation to persevere on the beaten path can be great for Archbishop
Tutu, because he will be able to speak with even greater authority in that
capacity than that with which he was invested by being awarded the Nobel Peace
Prize. We do not think that he deserved the prize, not yet, but we do not
presume to give our opinion on his merits as a church leader; that is a matter
that concerns only his church companions. We heartily hope that he will not
yield to the temptation. That could be disastrous, both for his church and
the country as awhole. As against that, he could contribute a lot to
reconciliation in his new capacity. He would have to start in his own church
by exorcising the tension that has been created by his own conduct. We
sincerely hope that he will succeed in this, in the first place for the sake
of the church itself, but in the second place also because that could help to
pave the way to reconciliation in a broader sphere. If something comes from
that under his leadership, we would be willing also not to begrudge him the
Nobel Peace Prize.

13084
CSO: 3401/137

35



Le Roux Views Tension, Grievances

Youths play a big role in the unrest in the Eastern Cape. They are
extremely antagonistic toward the White and his systems, Mr Dawie le Roux, NP
MP for Uitanhage, says. When you have such an unstable factor, it is a very
difficult task to normalize society. But the social conditions, especially in
the poor black areas and in particular then the squatters camps, are the worst
factor. There is much poverty, a lack of services, a great shortage of houses
and large scale unemployment. Unemployment is undoubtedly one of the biggest
eauses of the riots.

There are thus enough shortcomings that the radicals can effectively exploit
to stir people up. The level of threats is also very high. KwaNobuhle near
Uitenhage has its own municipality, but the city council members were
threatened and resigned. The only member who did not resign, Mr Benjamin
Kinikini, and his son were murdered. The city council's task is now being
carried out by a white "administrator." There is no specific group in the
black neighborhoods of Uitenhage which can claim that it controls the area.
Azapo's influence there is little. The two principal groups are Volkswagen's
trade unions and the UDF. Volkswagen plays a very important role at
Uitenhage, because it is the heart of the economy and does a lot for its
workers. Its union leaders are in a very strong position in black areas.

Every black community and every black faction has its own leaders. One of
them cannot talk on behalf of another group or faction. The fragmented nature
of the black communities creates an opportunity for talks. Mr Le Roux said he
talks with them, even with the radicals, with a view to attainable solutions
to their problems. KwaNobuhle is not inaccessible. There is free movement of
buses and commercial vehicles. The collection of rental money is going well
in spite of intimidation. One of the reasons is that the largest employers at
Uitenhage, the railways and Volkswagen, deduct rent and utilities money from
workers' salaries or wages and pay it directly to the authorities.

In order to improve conditions in KwaNobuhle, the municipality has done away
with all forms of red tape and so tries to be as accommodating .as possible.
Builders are also allowed to build on Saturdays now. This helps to bring
relief to the housing shortage. The biggest problem is at Kabah/Langa, where
about 40,000 squatters are living in precarious conditions. Moreover, the
squatters town is located between a white and a colored residental area and
thus holds the same dangers as the situation at Krugerdorp. What makes the
situation difficult is that there is a strong lawless element. Radicals are
also very active and will try to exploit the attempted transfer of people as
far as possible.

55



GUINEA

PLANNING MINISTER DISCUSSES MINISTRY'S TASKS
Conakry HOROYA in French 3 Apr 86 p 7

{Interview with Edouard Benjamin, Minister at Presidency for Plan and
International Cooperation by Mamadou Saliou Balde; date and place not given]

[Text] Since 3 April 1984, the Military Committee for National Redress and
its president, Gen Lansana Conte, have assumed the historic mission of
creating, guaranteeing and developing the well-being of the people by means of
the people's own construction of a free and responsible society. To do all
this, they are conceiving and--patiently and methodically--implementing a
strategy of economic and social development, founded on contractual and
decentralized planning.

On the eve of the second anniversary of the arrival of true freedom in Guinea
and to find out more, we met with Edouard Benjamin who has the formidable
honor of directing the Ministry for Plan and International Cooperation.

We are here reproducing the text of the interview kindly granted us by this
cadre who is fully aware of his responsibilities.

[HOROYA] Minister, in his programmatic speech of 22 December last, the head
of state referred particularly to "contractual and decentralized planning" as
a tool for Guinea's balanced development. Could you please explain this
approach to us?

[Benjamin] To properly appreciate the concept of “contractual and
decentralized planning," it is important to keep in mind the government policy
of disengaging the state from manufacturing activities, for the benefit of the
private sector and social groups freely established, organized and
responsible.

It is the aim of this policy first of all to ease the financial burden on the
state and improve its institutional operation, subsequently to use fully the
considerable human resources available to the country by liberating private
initiative and, finally, to raise the productivity of all those involved in
the economy, whether public or private.

21



TIMING, OBJECTIVES OF RAIDS SEEN AS PUZZLING

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 20 May 86 p 9

[Text]

WERE the SADF raids into
Zimbabwe, Zambia and
Lusaka a purely military
operation — or also a psy-
chological action linked to
broader political objec-
tives? This was one ques-
tion puzzling local observ-
ers yesterday as claims,
counter-claims and accusa-
tions flew back and forth,

All agreed that there
must have been compel-
ling, if unseen, reasons for
launching such obviously
controversial operations at
an exceedingly sensitive
moment, with the Common-
wealth EPG actually in
South Africa and only a few
hours out of Lusaka, one of
the target areas.

One possibility is that the
raids were aimed strictly at
pre-empting some ANC
move inside South Africa.
Another is that they com-
bined pre-emption with a
desire to harm the ANC’s
fighting image for domestic
political purposes. A third 1
is that they are linked with

/12828
csO: 3400/1851

some impending domestic
political move for which a
smokescreen is needed.

There are several puz-
zling aspects on which
none of the official state-
ments issued so far have
thrown any light:

@ Why have so few casu-
alties been reported so far,
even by government-con-
trolled media which could
have made excellent use of
the opportunity to inflate
the numbers of dead and
wounded?

@ How were the attacks_

on the Harare and Lusaka
areas carried out?

Gaborone and environs
constitute an easy target
for vehicular or heliborne
attacks because the Bats-
wana capital is so close to
the South African border.

As the crow flies, how-
ever, Lusaka is more than’
450km from South African
or South African-con-
trolled soil, and Harare.
more than 400km. The only
border closer to Harare is
Mezambique’s Manicaland _

Province, about 200km '

away.

If, as is possible, the at-
i tackers infiltrated by
. means of a precision HALO
(high altitude, low opening)
parachute drop, there is no
clarity as to how they were
| brought out again. No heli-
copter in South African ser-
‘ vice can fly a round trip of
800km or 900km without re-

. fuelling at least twice.

‘!" Phe SADF’s deepest

/ known parachute attack is
; the 1978 drop on Cassinga,

88

SOUTH AFRICA

250km inside Angola, and
in order to evacuate the
paratroopers helicopter
a refuelling point had to be
established outside the
town — a hazardous proce-
dure at the best of times.

A fixed-wing aircraft like
a C-160 Hercules or C-130
Transall would have no dif-
ficulty in making such a
trip, but then the attackers
would have to secure a
landing-ground such as an
airstrip, flat terrain or a
straight stretch of reason-

ably well-surfaced road.

It is also a fact that there
might be a danger of air-
craft being picked up by
Mozambican or Zimbab-
wean radar networks.

One possibility men-
, Honed yesterday was that
the South African Air
Force strikes on targets in
the Lusaka and Harare
areas were actually decep-
tion measures designed to
distract the attention of the
radar networks from troop-
carrying aircraft.


SOUTH AFRICA

TEACHERS PROTEST DELAY OF EDUCATION REFORMS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 18 Apr 86 p 3

[article by education reporter: "*Ten Years Is Too Long’ -~ Mixed Feelings
About Education Plan")

[Text] Educationists yesterday welcomed the ten-year plan for upgrading
education, announced the day before yesterday by Mr F.W. de Klerk, Minister of
National Education, with mixed feelings. Mr Franklin Sonn, chairman of the
Capeland Professional Teachers' Union (KPO) and the Union of Teachers’
Association [sic] of South Africa (Utasa) told DIE BURGER yesterday the
announcement is welcomed, but it is too bad that they have to wait ten years
for rectifying such a serious matter. "As teachers, we naturally welcome such
announcements. On the other hand, we regret the fact that we have to wait ten
years for rectifying such an urgent matter. We are also sorry that no mention
was made of what the government intends to do about the large-scale waste of
assets in so-called white education, for example the underutilization of
educational facilities. And something like that would obviously help to
remove the imbabalnce more quickly." Concerning the minister's appeal not to
see the announcement within the context of politics, he said "that's a strange
appeal, in view of the fact that the essence of the problem -- racially
divided education -- is a political question." He added that a scientific
investigation and moderate recommendations (by the De Lange Commission) were
rejected by the government for political reasons.

Shortage of Facilities

Mr Pat Samuels, chairman of the Teachers' Association of South Africa (Tasa),
yesterday termed the the ten-year plan a "step in the right direction," but
said the ten-year planning period is too long. "We think that a ten-year
planning period is too long for the present circumstances and shortage of
facilities in black education. A five-year period would have been better,
because it would indicate a greater urgency with regard to solving the true
needs of black education." He further said the four percent increase in
educational expenditures is not big enough to have a substantial effect on the
great backwardness in black education.

Professor Donald Carr, acting vice chancellor of the University of Cape Town,
said he is pleased to see there is a significant increase in the expenditure

42



SOUTH AFRICA

LABOR PARTY REJECTS SEPARATE MUNICIPALITIES
MB261056 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1044 GMT 26 May 86

[Text] Mr David Curry, minister of local government, housing and agriculture
in the House of Representatives, says the Labour Party rejects separate
municipalities and wants direct representation on town and city councils.

Mr Curry said at the Congress of the Federation of Property Owners and Tenant
Associations of the Western Cape in Parow at the weekend that the management '
committee system had not come up to expectations because the committees
still:acted largely in an advisory capacity to white councils, which held the
purse-strings.

“Management committees have to negotiate with councils which our people did
not elect and final decisions are being taken by white councils who are not
responsible to our people."

The South African reality were sharp differences of opinion within the race
groups, which created further turmoil. [Sentence as received]

"In Crossroads, for instance, the fathers are fighting against the youths,

"I also found in the communittees on which I serve that whites often clash
in their political opinions.

"To sum up, the South African reality is that if we were to create a national
council representing everyone, a Chief Buthelezi would never sit down next

to a Bishop Tutu, and could you imagine Nelson Mandela and Eugene Terreblanche
together at the same table?"

Mr Curry said he believed it was therefore up to the "centre politicians"
to negotiate peaceful change. ,

"In South Africa its a matter of bread-and-butter politics. My people cannot
wait until a non-racial South Africa has been created to start building
houses and I can't wait until Mandela is freed--our people need their houses
now."

/8918
CsO: 3400/1842

83



SOUTH AFRICA

MORE SKILLED PEOPLE IMMIGRATE THAN EMIGRATE

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 May 86 p 13

.
{article by politica editdrial staff: Fue eoncky, Unrest Notwithstanding
-- More Trained People Emigrate to SA] ~: H

3 e

[Text] According to the latest figures, the ‘losis of highay trained people who
move abroad is not at all as great as rumors would sometimes have it. ,South
Africa still showed a gain in trained immigrants last fear in spite at the
weak economy and unrest in the country. According to information furnished by
the Department of Internal Affairs, South Africa made a. gain of 5,883
immigrants last year -- altogether 17,284 immigrants as opposed to 11,401
emigrants. That positive trend compares well.with years such as 1977 and
1978, when the country experienced a minus growth. of 795 and 1,513
respectively. Concerning reports of lines of South Africans waiting for
British and other passports, it was pointed out to DIE BURGER that the
overseas offices of the Department of Internal Affairs last year got
altogether 92,755 written inquiries from prospective immigrants. Furthermore,
39,206 personal interviews ..in a family context were also conducted with
prospective immigrants. ~

o *
Comparative figures sinoe 1961, when the government began its state-supported
immigration projeet, show that economic ‘slumps and boom perict®s have playéd a
big role in ‘iiffmigration and emigration patterns. A spokesman for the
Department said the immigration program is now being strongly influenced by
the economy. It had to be scaled down to accommodate the economy. The riot
conditions can hardly be the main reason why people leave the eountry, in view
of the fact that the present decade's emigration figures are some of the
lowest in the past quarter of a century, it was said. z

According to the Department of Internal Affairs, South Africa made a gain in
skilled persons in the first 11 months of 1985. Based on vocational groups,
the figures for white immigrants and emigrants respectively looked like this:
- Professional ~ 2,128 compared with 1,424;

- Managerial and administrative - 682 compared with 413;

- Clerical - 1,160 compared with 606;

- Sales people and related workers - 514 compared with 296;

- Agriculture - 90 compared with 40;

- Service, workers - 354 compared with 1143



RSC'S REGARDED AS LINCHPIN OF GOVERNMENT REFORM, FLAWS NOTED

Johannesburg THE STAR. in English 27 May 86 p 10

[Article by Mark Swilling, lecturer in political studies at the University

of Witwatersrand]

[Text]

If the black majority is not given
the right to vote and access to
resources to improve living

conditions, no reforms will ever be

accepted.

This is the problem that the
Government’s advanced reformers
are now facing. They believe that if
these problems can be resolved,
South African capitalism and key
white privileges can be salvaged.

The proposed Regional Services
Councils (RSCs) will be the first
major institutional reform since the
tricameral system was introduced.
They will include all races in a

single political unit and they are :
supposed to facilitate substantial |

redistribution of resources from
white to black areas.

As a new form of local
government, the RSCs are seen as
the model for new regional and
central forms of representation that
will be designed after the RSCs
have been established.

This “bottom-up” approach
depends on the viability and
legitimacy of the RSCs. This is why
the RSCs are the linchpin of the
reform process.

The RSCs, however, are:
fundamentally flawed. The root of

the problem is that major black:
political organisations reject the
notion that South African society
can be deracialised from the top by
a government that has defended
white minority rule for 38 years. {

This belief is supported by an
, analysis of the political and fiscal
, dimensions of the RSCs.
The creation of new forms of
‘ multiracial representation and
administration — of which RSCs
form a crucial part — is proceeding
under the rubric of “extending
democracy”. —. wet
This term is used by Government
ideologues when referring to the
attempt to move beyond apartheid
by incorporating blacks into all
levels of “decision-making”.
The Government has been forced
to abandon the fundamental tenets
of traditional apartheid because of

massive internal and external)

pressures that have steadily built up
over the last 10 years. .

It is now officially accepted that
Bantustans are unviable, that influx
control has to be abandoned and
that a new constitutional
framework needs to be devised
, which incorporates all races,

New forms of local and regional
government are being developed
to manage new patterns of
urbanisation that traditional

apartheid previously tried to —

prevent.

Apartheid was built on the —

assumption that urban blacks were
merely temporary sojourners in
white South Africa. This meant
there was no. need to direct
substantial resources into the black
townships that steadily expanded on
the peripheries of the white cities.

84

SOUTH AFRICA

f


SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

RAIL PROTECTION DENIED MAPUTO--Swaziland officials refused to grant .a
Mozambican request for Swazi Army protection of the railroad connecting it to
Maputo. This request was made by President Samora Machel during a visit. to
Mbabane. One other request, however, was granted. It calls for the compul-
sive return of draft age Mozambicans to Mozambique. The railroad in question
has been the target of sabotage which has hurt its operations. [Text]
[Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 12 Apr 86 p 30] 9935/12947

CSO: 3442/194

- 29



ANGOLA

LISBON ACCUSED OF COMPLICITY WITH MPLA
Lisbon O DIA in Portuguese 8 Apr 86 p 17

[Text] The report that the ambassador of the People's Democratic Republic
of Angola to Lisbon gave the Foreign Ministry a list with the names of UNITA
"activists" living in Portugal impelled the Olhao based Luso-Angolan..
Solidarity Association to put out a communique. It states: -

"Such a list only confirms what the independent press has been reporting
about DISA agents in Portugal. The political police of the Angolan dictator-
ship moves about at will here.

The Luso~Angolan Solidarity Association deplores the Portuguese government's
silence, that it has not lodged a protest about the Angolan ambassador's
attitude through proper diplomatic channels.

The Luso-Angolan Solidarity Association believes that the foreign minister
did not serve the Portuguese people well by acquiescing to receive the
representative of the Angolan dictatorship whose sole intent was to give
the minister the above mentioned list."

In conclusion, the Luso~Angolan Solidarity Association wrote that once the
Portuguese government took possession of the list it became "solely responsible
for the security and well being of the people whose names appear there as
well as all those who express opposition to Luanda's dictatorial regime."

9935/12947
CSO: 3442/194



SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE PRAISES COLORED PARTICIPATION IN MILITARY
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 21 Apr 86 p 9
[Article: "SAKK Helps Create Safe Climate"]

[Text] "It demands a big sacrifice of parents to give up a beloved son to the
Defense Force. There are questions and even misgivings by the nature of such
a decision; often discouragement too. We and the Republic of South Africa
want to thank you for giving up your sons -- in the midst of all your worries
-- in order to create the safe climate in which we can continue to make
important adjustments to our ethnic relations." This was what the Rev. Allan
Hendrickse, chairman of the Council of Ministers in the Council of
Representatives, said the day before yesterday at the review parade of the 1st
SAKK [SA Cape Corps] Training Unit at Faure.

About 5,000 people attended the parade. The Rev. Hendrickse said unity has
been built on the foundations of traditions and history in which South
Africa's Colored community has over many years contributed its military share
to the country's weal and woe. One of the most important elements that the
Coloreds can rightly be proud of is their faithfulness and loyality to South
Africa in times of emergency, regardless of what government has been in power.
"We are living in a period of difficult circumstances of unemployment, unrest
and fomentation of unrest, but also in times when we are tring to improve the
standard of living of all our people in SA in all spheres. Although we are
often handicapped by radical influences and attitudes, we want to bring about
mutual understanding for each other and reconciliation among all our people,"
he further said.

Two New Companies

The SADF [SA Defense Force] consists of all population groups merged together
to assure a common goal -- the protection of the Republic. A policy of
equality of rank and commission has been pursued since 1975, when the first
Colored officers were commissioned in the Defense Force. The Defense Force
has eliminated anything which may lead to friction and discord within its own
ranks. Last year there was great dismay when large numbers of young men who
came to sign up for military duty were sent home disappointed because the
Defense Force could not house then. Starting in January, two new units, the
2nd SAKK Battalion for volunteers and the Cape Regiment for militia members,

44



Attack in Cabinda

UNITA forcés "attacked and destroyed" a bridge 22 km from Cabinda, states a
communique from which that movement made public yesterday.

The bridge over the Zembo River, on the road which connects Cabinda with the
town of Tandozinze, was destroyed and UNITA forces attacked a defending
military column destroying two vehicles, added the communique.

The same day UNITA declared it downed a Soviet made MI-25 helicopter between
the Gango and Cuilo rivers, 30 km west of Calussinga in South Cuanza Province.

All passengers, including the three Cuban crew members, reportedly died.

The helicopter was part of a squadron of four which "provided support to the
air transportable unit operating in the Mussende area," said UNITA.

According to the communique, UNITA attacked a Malanje military column and took
forces of the government's 95th brigade "out of action". This brigade is made
up of more than 1,000 armed men.

A UNITA spokesman in Lisbon said the brigade was "routed" without "putting
up any resistance" to the guerrillas.

The communique adds that UNITA killed 71 government soldiers and 3 Cubans,
captured 6 ‘Angolan soldiers and destroyed 15 vehicles in its operations
from 9 to 13 April.

9935/12947
CSO: 3442/194



dimensions of the worker. "Secondly there is the requirement of compassion
for those in need; for the stranger, the orphan and the widow; the right of
the hungry passerby; the gifts of love to those who are thirsty, hungry, naked
and in prison. Many believers will still have to learn that this task of the
church is a service which stands under an inescapable need. There are still
too many people who think charity is optional."

Influence

Professor Du Toit stressed that a just economic order does not merely concern
the material compensation of the worker. "In fact it is such that the total
working conditions -- which of course include wages -- exercise a tremendous
influence on the total life experience and quality of life of man. This
naturally involves the fundamental unity of man: man as homo oecumenicus is
not another type of man or an isolated aspect of mankind. The worker is
always a member of a family, a religious person, a person with cultural,
social and athletic needs. Therefore, an economic order which hampers healthy
family life, living conditions, social activities or religion is in essence an
unjust economic order.

Task

Concerning the church's task, Prof Du Toit says that in its powerful prophetic
proclamation the church should direct itself against all forms of sin in the
church and in society, but especially, perhaps more than in the past, it will
have to concentrate on scriptural promulgation regarding human worthiness and
justice, man, his work and property. "One of the most important contributions
of the church continue to be its opportunities to actively bring about.
essential changes and improvements on the local level. Through its priestly,
social and diaconal involvement, a local congregation can not only improve
human relations, but help to improve things such as the standard of living,
health, housing, cultural activities etc. for underdeveloped individuals and
groups. A certain congregation, a certain diaconate, even a small group of
believers can start this kind of campaign in its direct environment. There
are places in the world where this is being done with great success.

13084
CSO: 3401/138

38



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

OIL EXPORT TO SAO TOME CANCELED--Angola stopped supplying oil to Sao Tome and
Principe this week. It had earlier stopped exporting crude to Guinea-Bisseau.
Luanda's measure, the result of increased difficulties arising from the fall
in the international price of oil, is particularly significant for Sao Tome
and Principe. Until now, Nigeria aside, Angola was its most important
supplier. [Text] [Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 12 Apr 86 p 1] 9935/12947

CSO:. . 3442/194

17



ANGOLA

COOPERANTS, BLACK MARKET SEEN AS ECONOMIC BURDENS
Lisbon EXPRESSO (REVISTA) in Portuguese 25 Apr 86 pp 42-R, 43-R, 45-R
[Article by Jose Mario Costa/Rui Ramos: "Angola: Peace Is Still Far Away"]

[Excerpts] "She, an adolescent, barely weaned: the captive. He, a 30-year
old--the "co-op'"'--before whom the beautiful world of Luanda is woven and
undone. Everything to his heart's desire. It doesn't matter who. It doesn't
matter how. As long as his needs are satisfied. A party atmosphere, good
music, good drinks, young companions. Cruising around in the Suzuki AIT
(Temporary Importation) for cooperants, the invitation, the refusal, the

girl thrown from the car,. injured. The‘next day the reporters look for the
cooperant. He already has another captive at his side."

The text was published recently in the JORNAL DE ANGOLA and depicts a certain
social ambiance created by the return of this new class born of the country's
independence--the foreign cooperants who, from the East and the West, gather
in the wake of the exodus of decolonization. Paid in dollars, with access to
French boutiques and other types of privileges comparable only to those of
political directors and figures of the national administration, they move in a
seductive world: beer, whisky, cigarettes, and clothing that is foreign-made
or handmade here--in short, very much like the old colonialists who disappeared
in 74-75.

But mention of the foreign cooperants in the official newspaper of the country
also signals a reversal of the Luanda government in the direction of austerity
brought on by the drastic diminution of petroleum income that has launched
Angola into an economic crisis unprecedented in the past 11 years.

There was no alternative to. the use of foreign cooperants for the Luanda
authorities who were besieged with insoluble problems in critical sectors:
physicians, professors, engineers, technicians, and specialists of all kinds
are contracted in Portugal, in Cuba, and in all of the eastern countries, |
but also in Italy, France, Spain, Scandinavia and Brazil. These are needs,
though, that are expensive--more than $180 million in 1984 according to
figures in Luanda--and, worse, with no tangible results.

"There is no question that much of the cooperation has been useless," says a
Portuguese citizen who has recently returned from Angola, "It has been a loss,



ANGOLA

FAPLA REPORTEDLY PREPARING MAJOR OFFENSIVE AGAINST UNITA
Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 12 Apr 86 p 30

[Text] There is mounting evidence that the Angolah army (FAPLA) is preparing
to launch a large scale operation in May or June to take Jamba, on the
southeastern tip of Angola, from UNITA.

Unlike last year's Mavinga offensive, this operation will not involve large
numbers of men. Instead, beefed-up air power, artillery and tanks will be
used.

Several tank formations are concentrated along the Cuito-Canavale-Menongue
line. Landing strips in the area have been extended and reinforced. Airplane
shelters have been built and fuel storage tanks placed in the area.

These activities coincide with reports that Soviet officers, who have gained
antiguerrilla experience in Afghanistan, have arrived in Angola. It is also
well known that Soviet military supplies are. continuously arriving in Luanda.

Western military circles, however, have some reservations about the true
meaning of these data and their relationship with the Jamba operation. The
openly visible preparations could merely be a diversionary maneuver.

Despite its enormous arsenal, the Angolan army by itself does not now have
the operational capacity to launch such an operation successfully. It is
certain that the regime cannot now run another risk like the 1985 Mavinga
offensive fiasco.

In fact, UNITA's military might has been considerably improved in the past
2 months with the arrival of aid from the United States and other countries.
The type of arms provided to UNITA (antiaircraft and antitank missiles)
have made the government's tanks and aircraft especially vulnerable.

The Jamba area is within radar range of the South African base at Rundu on

the Caprive Strip. Savimbi's headquarters is linked with the South African
base through a telecommunications. system. Furthermore, Angola's radar network
does not cover the area, which makes it difficult to operate in that air
space.



There is a tendency of late to typify everything the NP does as a crucial
event for SA. While this is flattering in one sense, it is far from
flattering when it raises unrealistic expectations which do neither the
country nor anyone else any good. It is obvious that negotiations towards

@ new constitution to include blacks at the highest level have not progressed
much beyond the confidential and bilateral phase.

The legislation to bring about the National Council in which these negotiations
will take on a more visible and multilateral form has not even been tabled

in parliament, and is not likely to be passed until the second session, which
will be after the federal congress.

It therefore stands to reason that the congress cannot produce guidelines for
@ new constitution as did the federal congress in Bloemfontein before the
implementation of the current constitution. Many people don't realise that
federal congresses are not only held for constitutional issues. It is
necessary, particularly in times of dynamic reform, to communicate with the
grassroots and to get sanction for things already announced and for the
direction in which the party is going.

The NP has always debated and approved major policy decisions at its congresses.
In recent years, the leadership seems to have moved away from this.

That is incorrect. If anything, the NP under P W Botha is more democratic
than it has ever been. People tend to confuse principles and policy. Changes
to the principles of the party have to be sanctioned by the provincial
congresses and are co-ordinated by a federal congress. But the implementation
of those principles, the day-to-day policy changes, have never been subject

to congressional approval, but are left to the party leadership.

The NP appears to be under heavier siege from both the Left and Right
than at any time since it won power in 1948. There are suggestions that it
is crumbling internally the way the old United Party did.

That is completely wrong. I have never known the NP to be more dynamic within
its ranks. There is great freedom of discussion and enthusiasm. It is a
natural phenomenon in a period of dynamic reform for the NP to be attacked
very rigorously by the Left and Right. By its very nature, reform brings
about uncertainty in the electorate and the population at large, which is
compounded by the fact that reforms have to be negotiated with various
population groups and the negotiations can very often not be held publicly.

In other words, the reform process and where we are going is not particularly
visible, which gives the impression to some people that government does not
know what it is doing or where it is going.

There have been many reports this year of a group of disillusioned verligtes
in the NP caucus who are ready to break away.

I have seen no signs of anyone wanting to break away. Nor are there any

signs of disillusionment with our leadership. There is a degree of frustration
that we are not getting ahead in our reform plans as quickly as we would like
to.. But this is not attributed within the NP--as suggested in reports--to a

67



Evidently, therefore, the state no longer envisions substituting itself for
the local agencies at all levels in order to promote their development. At
the same time it does not intend to shirk its own responsibilities.

In this context and in cooperation with the technical ministries and the
provincial, regional and district authorities, contractual planning in my
ministry will consist in deciding the investments to be earried out in future
3-year plans. It will also consist in determining the role to be played by
the state and the local administrations in the realm of the conception and
financial and physical implementation .of these investments. We might, if you
like, speak of a kind of contract-program between the state and the local
administrative bodies, setting out the precise targets to be met and the
technical, physical and financial contribution of the state and the

communities.

Contractual planning is decentralized because the investments to be realized
at the various levels of local agencies are conceived, prepared, evaluated and
carried out by the interested parties instead of by the state as before.

It is up to my ministry to ensure that investments at the local and national
level--in other words investment programs for a period of several years--are
coherent and conform to our development and policy priorities within the
limits of both our financial possibilities and technical execution. It goes
without saying that the Ministry of Economy and Finance, the Ministry of
Interior and all technical ministries have a very important role in providing
a concrete content to this concept of contractual and decentralized planning.

[HOROYA] At first glance, the definition of a development project in our
country is one of the objectives assigned your ministry; where have you gotten
to with regard to the accomplishment of this urgent task? .

[Benjamin] Defining a development project for the country is a task
incumbent upon the entire government. It calls for the definition of an
overall vision of the society we wish to build at the economic, financial,
social and cultural level. This task is getting done, and the effects of the
actions being undertaken are already felt. The role assigned my department in
the construction of the new Guinean society is that of working out the details
of investment programs in response to the policies and priorities of
development as defined by the government.

We have just completed preparation of the investment budget for 1986. As soon
as it is adopted by the government, we will begin to prepare a 3-year
investment program for 1987-1989, which will be a reference paper for our
government with respect to investments. The program will specify the
objectives of macroeconomic and sectoral development during the plan period,
the priorities with regard to investments and the subsequent follow-up

projects.

This work will be finished before the end of August 1986. We will then try to
mobilize our backers to provide a substantial part of the foreign exchange
needed to carry out this program. I am envisaging a meeting of the Guinea
consultative group in October 1986 for precisely this purpose, followed by

22



swallowed billions of dollars and many lives, and democracy can allow economic
reconstruction to take place. .

The restructuring of the State Security Ministry is also awaited with great
interest. The committee looking into this is composed of the recently
appointed deputy minister (former deputy interior minister), Maj Miguel Neto,
director of emigration and border control, and Jose Maria,.a former lieutenant
in the Portuguese army who is a presidential adviser, a key person in military
counter intelligence and is believed to be a "modernist". Several of this
ministry's provincial deputies and national directors as well as the minister
were dismissed. The initial proposal to unite State Security with the
Interior Ministry, in principle, under the leadership of Interior Minister
Rodrigues Kito, seems to be losing ground.

What is important, however, is whether or not the restructuring will produce
changes concerning freedom of expression and an end to. the repressive
environment that exists in Angola. Will it, on the contrary, include measures
to strengthen the repressive environment. The ministerial restructuring falls
short of what the president wanted. He is finding it difficult to find
replacements. A general sense of non-acceptance of great responsiblities

can be clearly sensed in Luanda.

Some of the president's followers have shown certain domineering and even
threatening attitudes since the MPLA-PT congress. There is also the belief
among technocrats that they are being used as scapegoats by the politicians.

Pastoral Reflection

Although the political bureau's communique gives assurances that it will do
everything to assure the supply of goods to the population, severe rationing
has been practiced for years. Frequently, there have been shortages of
essential goods in the "people's stores". These stores are supplied by two
large state firms, EDIMBA and EDIMBI. The shortages have fueled the growth
of a black market, which the people call the "slaughter" because of the
prohibitive prices. The black market benefits a small number of people

who accumulate enormous fortunes.

The Angolan Catholic bishops also published a "pastoral reflection following
10 years of independence" entitled "Firm in Hope". In this pastoral letter
they state, among other things: "We Angolans unfortunately celebrate 10
years of independence with weapons in our hands. As if all of this has not
been enough, the specter of war spreads ever more. Civil war is destroying
our country. Even foreign forces have made our land a battlefield." The
letter denounces the situation of moral and material crisis, the "psychologi-
cal balcanization of the Angolan family," corruption, hunger and the existence
of displaced people and refugees. The bishops consider the destruction of
property and structures "which took years of work and are part of everyone's
patrimony" to be a form of "violence that has never created alternatives."

In what is a clear reference to the need for national reconciliation, the
pastoral letter added, "Let us not hide the truth, the foreigners who enter


[Tabane] I think that he has deliberately avoided making the usual timetable
that is so often made following coups in Africa, and I see a little bit

of sense in this because he is saying, as soon as the people are ready,

he will go. I cannot myself predict how long this will take, but I can't
see this taking a very long time, not the way he seems to be thinking.

[White] You think within 1 year, 2 years, how long roughly--5 years?

[Tabane] I would be very happy if you didn't pin me up to any timetable,
but I think between now and the next 5 years, we should have sorted out
the whole thing.

[White] Why do you think these parties are complaining now?

[Tabane] I ama little bit surprised that they are complaining because
they had all of that 20 years to sort it out with their fellow politician,
Chief Jonathan, and they didn't sort it out. I ama little bit surprised
that now when somebody comes up and says: Let us put the nation together,
the very parties that had split the nation so badly, come up and accuse
the man of doing this and doing that and doing the next thing. I think
these people are being terribly unfair, and I think that it is also a
little bit questionable just how much support each one of them must have
as an individual. I think the test of just how much the people of
Lesotho are prepared to individually go for a party A, B, C, or D, isa
question that the nation should be given a little time to sort out.

[White] The thing that seems to annoy them most is Order No 4 which bans
the holding of political meetings, bans political discussions. Now don't
- you think that that decree is a bit unfortunate?

[Tabane] I think that if the politicians had, in the first place, behaved
in a manner that did not bring the nation to the situation that they
brought it, there would have been absolutely no need for such an order,
but the order follows simply upon an obtaining situation, and I think
that as far as I can gee and as far as I have heard the general himself
talk and his colleagues talk, in fact, I think that this is an interim
measure, as far as they are concerned--that they are saying it is. party
political issues that divided the nation and if it is party political
issues that did divide this nation, let us. suspend this thing that was

the very cause of the divisions that happened.

[White] You seem to be implying that, in fact, Order No 4 might be lifted
quite soon?

[Tabane] That I didn't think that Order No 4 was going to stay on the
statutes for longer than was necessary, I don't think so.

[White] Could I ask about the relationship, if any, at the moment between
Maj Gen Lehkanya and Chief Jonathan? What is the position?

27 -



ASSOCOM believes there is a strong case for a further mid-year package to
get the economy moving more. rapidly. The minister of finance has confirmed
that the government hopes to announce such a package soon.

ASSOCOM thinks that the package should embody measures like:

1) A bold and imaginative message to businessmen and consumers.

2). A repayment of the 1980 loan levy to companies and individuals now,
instead of next year.

3) A reduction in indirect taxation, in GST [General Sales. Tax] or the im-
port surcharge.

4) A further cut in fuel prices.

5) An announcement that the implementation of socio-economic projects for
blacks will be more speedily and extensively executed.

6) A statement that the two pending regional taxes, on payrolls and turnover,
will not be introduced before next year.

7) A re-assessment: and reevaluation of the 1986 budget strategy and targets
in the light of changed circumstances since March 1986.

8918
cso: 3400/1843 -

96


SOUTH AFRICA

ANALYST SAYS ANC OFFERS 'LITTLE' MILITARY THREAT

MB260749 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 25 May 86 p 13

[By military analyst John Keegan]

[Text] The raids by South African forces against ANC centres in the capitals
of Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana imply that Pretoria now thinks the ANC has
a more formidable military force than ever before.

But the exact dimensions of that force remain undefined.

Pretoria has described the aim of the three raids as designed to demonstrate
to the ANC that South Africa knows exactly where its military regional

councils are.

The ANC leadership is headed by four men, Oliver Tambo, Alfred Nzo, Thomas
Nkobi and Joe Modest.

Modesi has been identified as head of the military wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe,
or "Spear of the Nation."

Estimates of the strength of Spear of the Nation vary widely. There is
general agreement that the number inside South Africa does not exceed 2,000”
and may be no more than 1,000. A South African estimate in 1984 was 100.

A Central Intelligence Agency estimate of late 1985 put the figure for those
in Angola and Tanzania as high as 8,000-10,000, with another 500 non-military
personnel in Zambia.

Figures from an official South African source estimate that there are only
150 in Botswana, 100 in Zimbabwe, 300 in Zambia, 200 in Lesotho and 600 in
Mozambique and Swaziland combined.

Lesotho is wholly surrounded by South African territory and was the scene
of internal coup last year designed to limit ANC activity.

The structure of Spear of the Nation remains unknown.

89



our land carrying arms comes at the request of Angolans. As a result, peace
depends on us." It repeats several times that "peace is possible". .This
sentence will no doubt striké a responsive chord even.in non-religious
sectors.

In effect, the economic crisis, the war's stalemate, popular discontent, the
great power concern with ‘the capacity of their proteges and the forces of peace
making themselves heard are all contributing to leading Angola to search for

a political. solution.

9935/12947
CSO: 3442/193



SOUTH AFRICA

ASSOCOM'S BCL DECLINES FOR THIRD CONSECUTIVE MONTH

MB291326 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1250 GMT 29 May 86

[Embargoed until 2201 GMT 29 May 86]

[Text] Johannesburg, May 30, SAPA--At 78.6, ASSOCOM'’s [Association of
Chambers of Commerce] Business Confidence index [BCI] is showing the third -
consecutive monthly decline. There has thus been continued "slippage" in
the index, and it is now below the average for 1985 as a whole.

Figures for the BCI for the period January 1, 1985 to end-April this year
are as follows: ‘

1985 : 1986
January 78.6 : 81.9
February 83.3 85.5
March 79.10 83.0
April 76.1 79.0
May . 77.9
June 81.0
July : 77.9
August 76.9
September 78.2
October 78.0
November 80.6
December. ‘ 81.1
Average for the year . 79.21

Main reason for the recent decline, says ASSOCOM, has been "the prolonged
fall in the rand's external value and the sharp upward trend in unemployment.

"Another negative factor has been the net outflow of skills from South
Africa. . ;

"However, a number of positive influences have kept the BCI from declining
yet more strongly, including the reduction by 1 percent to 14.5 per cent in
the prime lending rate of the commercial banks and the upward trend in share
prices on the stock exchange."

95



SOUTH AFRICA

PRETORIA UNIVERSITY ‘STUDENT COUNCIL URGED. TO WITHDRAW ASF PERMIT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans: 3 May 86 p 3

[Article: "Meeting Attracts 1,200 Students -- Tukkies (U. of Pretoria
students) Say No to Rightist Organization"] ‘

[Text] Pretoria--A motion that the student council of the University of
Pretoria withdraw its permission for the rightist Afrikaner Student Front
(ASF) to appear as a student association on campus was adopted yesterday by an
overwhelming majority at an extraordinary mass meeting on the campus. About
1,200 students attended the meeting. That is by far the most students at a
mass meeting in years. The outcome of the meeting, at which several of the
ASF's motions were rejected, is regarded as a setback to claims from the far-
rightist camp that. "most Tukkies are on the right." a

The initiative for the meeting initially came from the ASF as a continued
effort to stir up feelings on campus against the founding last weekend of the
multiracial, moderate organization Jeugkrag [Youth Power] SA. For the first
time in years, however, moderate Tukkies started to organize themselves -- an
effort which succeeded to such an extent that the tables were turned after the
ASF's claims that it represented the majority of the Tukkies.

The chairman of the ASF, Mr Gerdus Kruger, warned the students at the mass
meeting that the outcome of the meeting would give a final answer on where the
Tukkies stand. The students answered him by rejecting the two ASF. motions.
The first motion was, among other things, to arouse feelings against Jeugkrag

and the university council's decision to let its founding meeting take place

on the campus.
PERDEBY

They also asked that the registration of any association affiliated with a
multiracial body be prohibited on campus. That motion was rejected by an
overwhelming majority, as was a second motion that the editor of DIE PERDEBY
["The Hornet/or/Wasp"], Mr-Frans Viljoen, be dismissed. Amid great applause,
the meeting adopted a motion that the student council should reject the
recognition of the ASF ag a student association.

13084
CSO: 3401/1743

63



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKAANS WOMEN'S GROUP CONCERNED OVER VIOLENCE
MB270854 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0835 GMT 27 May 86

[Text] Johannesburg, May 27, SAPA--The Federale Vroueraad Volksbelang [Fed~
eral Women's Council on National Interest] today accused. the African National
Congress and the United Democratic Front of aiding the Soviet Union in its
revolutionary aim. '

The national organization for Afrikaans women, representing 30 organizations,
and more than 500,000 women, expressed concern at its recent annual general
meeting about the escalation of violence in South Africa, .

“Qur organizations are concerned about the growing escalation of violence
and polarization in our country and the suffering it was caused especially
amongst the black population of our country," a statement by the Vroueraad
said. ‘

"It is evident that there are powers at work locally; the SA Communist Party,
The ANC (African National Congress) and the UDF (United Democratic Front),
who are aiding the Soviet Union in their aim of firing a revolution in our
country."

The Vroueraad rejected "with contempt" the forces who were:

--"Unpatriotically advising our young sons to take the cowardly path of non~
conscription.

--"Misleading Christians by having revolutionary theologians misuse the
Bible to further the cause of revolution in.false preaching and by under-
writing the Karios document; :

--"Calling for boycotts and disinvestment, thereby causing irreparable
deprivation to women and children."

The group promised to arm themselves with information regarding “the true

nature of the Marxist programme led by the Soviet Union" and ta launch a
counter strategy.

69



"the preservation of democratic guarantees," "a politics for community
development of small and medium-sized family-owned businesses," and another
series of measures which "allow for a change from the battle for survival to
the battle for development."

But it is the Catholic church--with 3 million faithful in the country--which
has intervened with great impact, especially through some of its bishops,

and specifically D. Franklin, Bishop of Huambo, who was departed to Portugal
by the PIDE back in the 60's. Less than a month ago they issued a new pastoral
letter, widely disseminated, in which they expressly appealed for "national
reconciliation," "an end to the war," and that the "great powers" assist is
bringing peace to Angola, at the same > time that they offered themselves as
"peace mediators." . .

It's just that peace seems in fact to still be far from the borders of Angola.

12857/9435
CSO: 3442/2111

14



[Station Commentary]

[Text] A note of urgency, even of tapartence, 1s diegéentbr these 2 days’ os
among business expert talking about economic deregulation and the Promotion
of small business in: South Africa.

It is not surprising: The subject has been around for a tong time, and so
has the consensts that” much’ more decisive*action“is* ‘néeded than has been”
taken so far. The latest academic’ to make her voice heard’is Professor
Ronel Erwee of the University of Pretoria.

At a seminar in Johannesburg this week she said the establishwent’ of “sma
business enterprises was being hampered by too many control measures and
regulations.

What was more, a majority of such undertakings failed as a direct result of
legal problems. Others have expressed themselves more strongly.

At the annual congress of the Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut [Afrikaans Trade
Institute] last week Professor Nic Swart of Potchefstroom University said
the authorities would have to "get out of the way" of the small. business

sector if it was to make a contriubtion to achieving vital national goals.

South Africa's problem had always been its application of laws and regulations
which were appropriate to the first world and which made the free enterprise
system inaccessible to the masses, he said.

Economic deregulation--cutting away the bureaucratic red tape binding small
business--is without a doubt one of the most important preconditions for
economic growth and political stability in this country.

It is a necessary foundation for the stimulation of small business, And

small business has shown itself to be by far the most productive agent in
the creation of new jobs.

97



GUINEA

TALKS WITH ITALY SUMMARIZE PRIORITY DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Conakry HOROYA in French 10 Apr 86 p 3

[Text] An Italian delegation, led by Pietro Porcerelli, counselor at the
special service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, visited our country from
24-27 March with a view to the identification and financial evluation of an
integrated program of multisectorial assistance. The delegation also included
specialists from the Italtekna advisory council of the FAI.

In the course of a meeting with Lamine Bolivogui, minister of economy and
finance, who at the time also acted as minister of planning and cooperation,
Italian and Guinean experts tackled problems related to the six following
projects:

1. The reconstruction of runways at Koundara, Mali, Dinguiraye and Siguiri;

2. The reconstruction of the hospitals at Siguiri, Koundara and the medical
centers at Dabola and Dinguiraye;

3. A project for increasing and improving food and peanut producing
cultivation in the Dabola region;

4, The construction or reconstruction and equipment of three refrigerated
warehouses.

5. A factory for milk production;
6. The development of small-scale fishing and fish breeding.

To comply with the terms of Law No 73 regarding regional limits for the scope
of FAI intervention and therefore integrate in a single program all the
operations possible of implementation in view of the financing provided by
said law, the Italian delegation settled for intervention in the Dabola and
Dinguiraye region, among the worst affected by drought.

In agreement with the respective officials of the various ministries and on

the basis of the aforementioned requests, the project proposed by the Italian
delegation may be summarized as follows:

19



Africa's aspiration to make itself economically independent of South Africa.
The Southern African Conference for Coordinating Development (SACCD), which
was founded in 1980 with nine member states, decided to pump 60 percent of its
planned transportation investments into Mozambique with that goal in mind.
The Netherlands especially took a lot of trouble to give aid and since 1981
has spent more than R128 million to restore Mozambique's second-largest port,
Beira. That port is located just 240 km from Zimbabwe's border and is thus
very important politically and economically. But in spite of this, Zimbabwean
businessmen pay little attention to their political leaders' appeals to ignore
the routes through South Africa to Durban, East London and Port Elizabeth and
to concentrate on Beira or Maputo. South Africa offers cheap rates to
enterprises which want to use its sophisticated and much more efficient

network of rail lines.

Coal

Mr Robert Crul, deputy chief of the Africa department of the Dutch ministry of
foreign affairs, who was recently in Maputo on a visit, says 90 percent of
Zimbabwe's imports and exports come through South Africa in spite of the fact
that the distance to Beira is much shorter and the transportation costs thus
much less. Before Mozambique became independent, the area handled the great
majority of the old Rhodesia's imports and exports. Zimbabwean business
organizations estimate that only about a million of the countries eight
million tons of imports and exports are now transported every year through
Mozambique. This is mostly steel, sugar and coal which is exported through
Maputo and tobacco through Beira. It is difficult to get statistics of any
kind in Mozambique, but according to the World Bank, Maputo handled three to
four million tons of goods in 1985. The port's public relations official, Mr’
Joao Abdul, himself estimates it at two million tons, and Western diplomats do
not think it was more than a million tons.

Not Enough

Mozambique is now trying to improve its inefficient railway network and ports
with the aid of several Western donators. Most of the work is being done in
Beira, where the Dutch expect that about three million tons per year can be
handled by December. This would then be twice the present capacity. It is
expected that the three Mozambican ports will be able to handle seven million
tons next year, but this will still not be at all enough to meet Zimbabwe's
needs -- and then one is still not even talking of other countries in southern
Africa. The Mozambicans are very honest and readily admit their shortcomings.
They therefore also welcome foreign assistance to get the ports moving and
properly train Mozambicans.

Thirty Days

Mr Will Morgan, a Briton, manages Maputo's container terminal as a result of a
program being financed by the British Overseas Development Administration. He
admitted that the port has quite a few problems. But, he says, the
improvement is demonstrated by the fact that nowadays it takes only 30 days
for a container to again be taken back to its country of origin. "This sounds
terrible in comparison with Europe, where the average is seven days. But it
is a great improvement compared with 18 months ago, when the average was 96

days," he says. - - (Sapa - AP)

13084
cso: 3401/144

48



"The Media Council now notes that provisions in the Public Safety Amendment
Bill could place the media in similar circumstances to those which prevailed
under the former measures. : .

‘While members of the council concede that special measures may be. necessary
to deal with unrest situations, we feel the government would be unwise to
use powers sought under the bill to re-impose additional restrictions on
media reporting about unrest.

"The bill now being considered envisages the possibility of declaring unrest
areas without having to declare a state of emergency in any district or
separate districts. Regulations could be made by the minister of law and
order comparable to those issued after proclamation of a state of emergency.

“Under the bill such regulations could be extended: beyond the declared
unrest areas should this be deemed necessary.

“The Media Council regards it as highly desirable to avoid uncertainty ‘among
those affected that the bill be amended to require the minister clearly to
define such additional areas.

"We wish to place on record our understanding of the difficulties experienced
by the SAP and other law enforcement agencies in coping with unrest.

"We have also been made increasingly aware.of the problems and hazards facing
journalists whose duty is to inform the public as quickly and accurately as
possible of events affecting the life of the nation.

"In these circumstances heated confrontations can and do develop. The many
examples of good cooperation between press and police even in these turbulent
times are a tribute to both.

"We believe the interest of all--the public, whose right to know is affected,
the police and the media~-are jeopardised by restrictive regulations which
trouble these relationships and tend to undermine public confidence in the
accountability and responsibility of law enforcement agencies.

"In the light of past experience and on the information available, we feel
constrained to sound a warning note now, while the new measure is still under
consideration, and to voice the hope that the government will not feel. moved
to re-impose previous limitations on reporting about unrest situations."

[End text]

/8918
cso: 3400/1842

93



Ground

There is a lack of athletic facilities and a community hall in that black
township. Upgrading the power network is being investigated with a view to
improvement and so that Blacks who choose to have power in their homes can get
it. Mr Badenhorst says there is also a need for athletic facilities in
Kayamandi at Stellenbosch, but the real problem is ground. The neighborhood
is full, and the possibility of two-story buildings will be investigated.
According to Mr Badenhorst, Nduli at Ceres is a nice little township, but
there is also a need for athletic facilities there. According to him,
Nbekweni at Paarl needs urgent attention, for the roads are bad and to an
extent there are squatter conditions. Many Blacks who come from Transkei and
Ciskei live there in other residents' badkyards in "little shacks" which they
rent from the inhabitants. Ground is available for expansion, and planning
will be accelerated so that lots can be made available to the people. A
contractor who was engaged in improving the roads had financial problems. A
new bid is being tendered shortly. There is also a shortage of athletic
facilities and a need for a police station in that area. An authority in
Paarl will help to get a swimming pool built in that black area.

Water

According to Mr Bezuidenhoud, current spending in the black township at
Worcester includes cleaning up the area, upgrading living quarters, self-
building projects, the planning of 50 shell houses and the construction of a
nursery. There are plans in fiscal 1986/87 to provide infrastructure services
such as water, roads and flush sanitation for an additional 170 residential
plots at Worcester and to provide loans for material for erecting structures
on those 170 plots. Furnishing electricity to the whole township and planning
a further 120 plots are also under consideration in that fiscal year. There
are plans to make available R50,000 for improving roads throughout the whole
township in that fiscal year. The estimated expenditure for that year is R3.2
million. .

Changed

It is anticipated that R855,000 will be made available in 1987/88 for further
improving roads. here are provisions in fiscal 1988/89 for providing.
services to 78 living quarters which are going to be changed into living
units, as well as for the 120 plots mentioned above. There are also plans to
provide material loans for those plots in that year. Total spending in that
year will be about R1.6 million. There are prospective plans for a R300,000
recreation hall in 1989/90. Mr Bezuidenhoud says Zweletamba is one of the
areas which will be able to claim a part of the R320 million that has been
made available in the budget for improvement. Others are Nyanga, Langa and
Guguletu in the Peninsula, Nbekweni at Paarl, Nkqubela at Roberston (where
more houses are needed), Zolani at Ashton (which is worse than Zweletamba and
needs attention), Nduli at Ceres (where conditions are fair), Xwelihle at
Hermanus and Kayamandi at Stellenbosch. According to Mr Bezuidenhoud, the
government cannot build houses for people who cannot pay their rent.
Economical homes cannot be provided for sub-economical people. Therefore,

31



ANGOLA

MANDELA SOLIDARITY CAMPAIGN LAUNCHED IN CUNENE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Apr 86 p 2

[Text] A solidarity campaign for Nelson Mandela, the director of the ANC who
has been imprisoned in the racist dungeons of Pretoria for 23 years, was
recently launched in the town of Castanheira de Pera, the provisional site in
Cunene Province, by Pedro Mutinde, a member of the central committee of the
party and the provincial commissar.

The campaign, which was launched on the occasion of the 14th of April
commemorations initiated by the National Committee of the JMPLA~-Party Youth
in close collaboration with the World Federation of Democratic Youth, takes
as its motto, "Liberty for Nelson Mandela--Solidarity with the ANC."

The coordinator of the provincial committee of the party and provincial
commissar of Cuneme, Pedro Mutinde, opened the ceremony by signing a petition
demanding Nelson Mandela's freedom. -

In participating at the launching, Ventura de Azevedo, who headed a delegation
to Cuneme fromthe national committee, where a representative of Tanzanian ©
Youth and members of the national secretariat. of party youth were also in
attendance, said that in Henda there could be seen extraordinary virtues that
represent a true example of the distinguished patronage of Angolan youth.

In closing, he asked that all of the young people present reflect upon the
present economic situation in the country.

The representative of the Tanzanian youth group, who also spoke at the
ceremony, demonstrated the solidarity of his people with the Angolan people in
general, and in particular with the Angolan youth,. and called for the
continuation of the revolutionary struggle against "apartheid" and interna-
tional imperialism with equal fervor, because the proletarian revolution is
irreversible. - ,

"The people of Cunene congratulate and support the praiseworthy gesture of
the National Committee of the JMPLA-Party Youth in promoting the national
campaign of ‘solidarity with Nelson Mandela and the other South African
political prisoners held in the racist dungeons of Pretoria in all injustice
by the ‘apartheid' regime," said Pedro Mutinde on closing the meeting.

A special recognition was made by the provincial commissar of Cunema to the
brave soldiers of FAPLA, as he exhorted all young people to follow the example
of Henda.

12857 -_ 15 ; : y

C80: 3442/215 ; ; me



that. The different population groups will have to work together to calm down
the unrest. They will have to sit around a table together and plan something.
The great majority of the Blacks are reasonable people.

Attack

Police behavior is praiseworthy in some cases. Here he is thinking of the way
that Lt Charles Landman handled a matter. Mr Mopp says he was once summoned
to a place where a young man was dead in the riots. When Lt Landman showed up
there to investigate the matter, the people who huddled together there cheered
him. Shortly afterwards, a Casspir showed up and then the people wanted only
to attack the police. The right attitude is very important. Every policeman
ought to take a thorough course in basic public relations. They should devote
more time to.that and spend less on the firing range, Mr Mopp said.

13084
CSO: 3401/145

“5g



If the taking of Jamba by the FAPLA represents a blow to UNITA, a blow capable
of causing it harmful political and psychological effects (to which South
African reaction cannot be determined), the operation's failure would have
these same effects on Luanda.

DIAMANG Depletes Reserves

Lunda-Norte and Lunda-Sul's known diamond reserves are practically depleted
because almost no prospecting has taken place in recent years. The reserves
that were being exploited until now had been found before Angola's
independence. Angola's diamond production has suffered a decline of more
than 60 percent since 1973. Management of DIAMANG was turned over to a
British firm, MATS of the Openheimer group, after Portuguese capital interests

were nationalized.

9935/12947
CSO: 3442/193



PSYCO-SOCIAL STRESSES OF APARTHEID LEAD TO HIGH SUICIDE

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 19 May 86 p 5

{Text}

/12828
CSO:

3400/1851

JOHANNESBURG. — Psycho-social stresses
of apartheid may be why South Africa has a
high incidence of suicide and family murders,
delegates to a conference in Johannesburg on
apartheid and mental health have been told.

Mr Lloyd Vogelman, chairman of the Organisa-
tion for Appropriate Social Services in South Afri-
ca, which convened the conference, said apartheid
may be a another factor which can assist in ex-
pla’ B why whites have the highest rate of coro-
nary se in the world.

“For the dominant (white) group political power
has produced a sense of ‘omelpotence , arrogance
and superiority.

“The growing threat of revolution and the possi-
bility of losing privilege will probably lead whites
to suffer injury to their narcissistic illusion,” Mr
Vogelman said. .

He said factors leading to stress were the four-
million without jobs in South Africa — it is esti-
mated that 2000 jobs a day must be created if the
country is to rid itself of unemployment — and the
likelihood that blacks who have work earn a
monthly wage of only R300 or less.

Wretchedness

“Added to this are apartheid, society repression,
racism, resettlement and super-exploitation,” he
sai

“The negative impact of oppression and exploi-
tation had led to a feeling among blacks of
‘wretchedness on earth’ — depression, passivity
and powerlessness.”

The present climate of militant strength and the
proclamation of people’s power in township life
will change this.

“Nevertheless, there is still a daily degradation
that many blacks suffer which must cause stress,
frustration, a sense of inferiority and anger — all
of which are anathema to psychological wellbe-

ing.”

91

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

STELLENBOSCH THEOLOGIAN DEFENDS REDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Apr 86 p 9
[Article by Freek Swart: "Reflect About Man as the Image of God"]

{Text] Church reformer John Calvin was also a socio-economic reformer and,
according to some scholars, if he were alive today, would have advised the
government to bring about a redistribution of income and urge people to work
harder and live in a simpler manner. It is also said that Calvin would have
expected the Protestant churches in South Africa to more actively intervene
for a more just social order through preaching and conversion. In this final
article in the series about Calvin, Freek Swart describes how Danie du Toit,
professor of ethics at the Theological Seminary at Stellenbosch, interprets
the Bible with regard to wealth, poverty, property, work and redistribution of
income, and how he sees the NG [Dutch Reformed] Church's task with regard to
setting up a just economic order in South Africa. :

The necessity of setting up a just economic order in South Africa -- whether
Calvin would have advocated that now, or whoever -- is already being generally
accepted, according to Professor Danie du Toit. But when one talks about
that, one must duly reflect about matters such as work and property, for which
the most profound reasons for reflection are to be found in the inviolability
of life, in man as an image of God, who without sustenance will not be able to
carry out his responsibilities and missions vis-a-vis God, himself and his
fellow man. "This simply means that any dearth of sustenance is a . matter
which deserves the immediate and serious attention of the church and
believers." According to Prof Du Toit, the concluion must thus be made that
the minimum demand of such an order is that of basic sustenance for all, which
at least will have.to relate to food, clothing and housing.

Question

"The Scriptures are clear about the principles of justness and fairness, and
Calvin also would have advised that in proclaiming the Word in the church
there must be insistence ona just dispensation, an acceptable relationship
between wages and work, the creation of job opportunities, work responsibility
and diligence, a peaceful and orderly society and also the actual practice of
Christian compassion." According to Prof Du Toit, a just economic order will
necessarily have to pay more precise attention to the question of the just

36



How high job creation rnaks as a priority was illustrated recently by
Professor Wynand Pienaar of the University of South Africa [UNISA] when he
revealed that some 80 per cent of black South Africans between the ages of

18 and 26 had never been employed.

There is no good reason why South Africa cannot follow the American road in
meeting this challenge. In that country, with its proudly free economy,
five million new jobs were created from 1982 to 1984.. Eighty per cent of
them were in business enterprises employing fewer than 20 workers.

In Japan small businesses with fewer than 30 workers account for over 50
per cent of total manufacturing production and provide 72 per cent of all
factory jobs in the country.

As a job creator, small business must have top priority in South Africa, says
Dr Ben Vosloo, managing director of the Small Business Development Corporation.

But programs aimed at creating new jobs on any big scale will all be ham-
strung unless the government removes the web of regulations that ensnares
initiative in red tape. An-example: in any town in this country up to
three dozen different legal requirements have to be met by anybody who sets
out to prepare and sell food before he is finally granted a licence to start
his business.

The negative effects spread insidiously into the political arena. A major
reason for widespread black hostility to the present economic system, says
Professor Swart, is the view that it is regulated to allow access to a
select group only. That is because the existing so-called free market system
is characterized by excessive regulation and consequent corruption, bureau-
cracy and inappropriate norms.

After a country-wide survey of black perceptions UNISA's School of Business
Leadership has concluded that for free enterprise to win out against social=

ism in South Africa one of the most important requirements is the vigorous
promotion of small business.

The evidence is overwhelming. The time for action is overdue.

/8918
cso: 3400/1843

98



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS' POOR HOUSING DESCRIBED AS HURTING ENTIRE COUNTRY
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Apr 86 p 8

{article by Dawie: "Money for Blacks Is Spent in the Interest of Whole
Country"

[Text] One of the reproaches which the government must often listen to is
that it does too much for the Blacks. That is propaganda which finds
acceptance with quite a few people, especially in the current situation of
unrest. The reasoning is more or less that people who throw gasoline bombs or
stones should be left to their fate; they do not deserve anything better.
What the critics mostly do not take into account is that those who want to
have’ the country go up in flames would have found many less willing hands if
the living conditions of Blacks were only better. The seed of unrest falls on
fertile ground wherever there are justified grievances. That is a lesson of
the world's history. Let's be honest: ‘The conditions is many. black and
Colored residential areas lend themselves to exploitation. Deputy Minister
Piet Badenhorst's description of some black residential neighborhoods is that,
compared with those for Coloreds and Whites, they are an "ulcer" in society.

Huddled Together

When 5,000 people have four or five water faucets, unhygienic conditions with
sewage arise, families are huddled together and educational and recreational
facilities are lacking, the fomenter of unrest has virtually everything he
needs. And if the flame is once lighted, he carries it further with
intimidation, as it evident from a series of articles which have just appeared
in DIE BURGER. The whole "system" gets the blame. That is why community
councils have become such an important target, for they and the development
boards are instruments of authority. There are several causes for the
precarious living conditions of many thousands of colored people, and it is
easy to be wise after the event. Money was not always available, but mistakes
were also made. If the permanence of Blacks in the so-called white areas had
accepted sooner, housing and facilities could have also been dealt with
earlier. Equally, the policy of preference for Coloreds, which until
relatively recently was in effect for the Western and Southern Cape and parts
of the Eastern Cape and the Karoo, resulted in great handicaps. The official
premise was that there would eventually be no Blacks in those areas.
Therefore, for example, the last house was built in the black residentual area

39