Dangers of "Communalism"

The election of Virapoule in Saint Rene over the PCR candidate, who was indeed
a son of Paul Vierges, also shows the risks in this desire to depart from the
traditional Reunion political game. The Tamul community, one of the largest
ethnic elements of the Reunion people, in this case identified with their
candidate, supported by the Union for Defense of the Republic (UDF) it is
true, and especially thanks to an inept and unfortunate campaign by the PCR.

One of the elements of the independentist movement--in the eastern part of the
country, the other being in the south--is also strongly represented in the
Reunion population of Indian origin. There are historical reasons (see
history of the PCR, LA No. 7, p. 18) for this in the commune of St. Andre.
However, it is above all the policy and strategy of the PCR leadership that
gives no hope to those who would like to assert within its ranks more
nationalistic, less French, or less European orientations. Under these
conditions, it is understandable that the members of Indian origin, less
culturally tuned to the political stakes in Paris and Strasbourg, should try
to establish an independent alternative for Reunion.

One can only regret the evolution of the PCR, which in its policy over its
first 30 years genuinely represented the aspirations of the Reunion people as
a whole: today it leaves no other prospect to a party of Reunion people than a
return to the "communalist" behavior broadly condemned by all progressives and
whose damaging effects are well known.

The evolution of the PCR, in addition to what has already been said, remains
tortuous and contradictory for obvious strategic reasons: since 1972 it has
abandoned an autonomous policy within that large communist international
family, an independent strategy in respect to the Parisian big brother. With
the Joint Program, the PCR supports the electoral course and gives up any
policy of "national liberation" (cf. LA No. 7).

It is not so easy to gain acceptance of this policy by the members who with
Paul Verges built, for a period in clandestinity, a great popular party. The
PCR's history since 1972 is one of schisms and getting in step: Paul Verges,
son of the PCR's founder, is today trying to impose his two sons and a few
"Zoreille" bureaucrats on the party leadership, but without really persuading.

The General Confederation of Labor of Reunion (CGTR), which is more
independent of the PCR than people would like to admit--similar to what is
happening in France with the PCF and the CGT--has leaders such as Payet or
G. Marie Lepinay, PCR dissidents, promoters of a policy that is more radical
than that of the party. The CGTR's audience is also larger, and the National
Institute of Statistics and Economic Research (INSEE) noted in a recent study
on "strikes in Reunion" (L'ECONOMIE DE REUNION, No. 14, Nov.-Dec. 1984) that
in comparison to mainland France "strikes are more frequent, longer, and
better followed up." The disputes arise first over wage claims, second over
job security, and finally over defense of union rights.

55



JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

MUGABE CONFERS WITH KEY AIDES ON NEW GOVERNMENT
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Jul 85 p 10

(Text] Harare,--Prime Minister Robert Mugabe yesterday conferred with key
aides on the composition of a new government to lead Zimbabwe through a period
of unique political change.

Mr Mugabe cruised home in general elections last week to win a second five-
year term in office, during which time he has vowed to turn Zimbabwe into a
one-party state,

His new Cabinet, likely to be announced later this week, is expected by dip-
lomats and officials here to be sharply shuffled and he has said there will
be no Ministerial posts for opposition parties.

"Now is the time for him to pick the team he really wants and drop the people
whose performance has not satisfied him. Any political debts from 1980 have
been paid and he is now firmly in the saddle with an increased majority," a
Western diplomat commented.

Mr Mugabe won the 1980 pre-independence elections with 57 of the 100 seats in
parliament and his Zanu-PF party increased that total of 63 in last week's
poll.

Killings

The main opposition PF-Zapu party of Mr Joshua Nkomo, whose seats were cut
from 20 to 15, was represented in the Cabinet from 1980 until last November,
when its last two Ministers were fired following a number of political killings
blamed by the Government on opposition party supporters.

Two Ministers in the outgoing Cabinet were White, but both are politically non-
aligned and are expected to be re-appointed.

Facing the government on opposition benches when parliament opens on July 23
will be former rebel leader Mr Ian Smith's resurgent Conservative Alliance,
successor to the Rhodesian Front and victor in 15 of 20 seats reserved for
Whites in an earlier ballot.

119



the liberated zones was of tremendous value to us in this connection," Alberto
Chipande told us.

These same communal settlements, according to this Cabo Delgado leader, in
addition to their social function, are currently providing the point of
departure for support of the family and cooperative sectors in the
introduction and generalization of new methods of farming, marketing and
distributing products.

Giant Economic Project

In the state sector, utilizing the farm potential of the province, a gigantic
economic project is about to take shape, and tangible results can already be
seen. It involves 400,000 hectares to be developed, basically to combat
shortages of food and clothing.

The product of international cooperation, the project has as its basis two
large enterprises. They are the Cabo Delgado Cotton Enterprise and the
Chipembe Agrarian Enterprise, and they in turn are subdivided into crop and
livestock production units. The main zones of their activity are the
districts of Montepuez and Namuno.

"Today, after the passage of 10 years, something concrete is being done in the
economic and social sectors. The 400,000-hectare project, oriented on a
priority basis toward the production of cotton and corn, is striking a
forceful blow in the struggle against hunger and nakedness, apart from having
created thousands of jobs. TEXMANTA, which produces blankets as a priority
for supplying the province, and the efforts to supply water to the rural
population are real examples of our progress.

“However, problems in obtaining regular delivery of fuels, lubricating oils
and chemical fertilizer still constitute a bottleneck hindering greater
development. However, it is in getting products from the production sites to
the factories or supply centers and the shortage of sacking material that the
greatest problems of the province lie."

In fact, during a visit to some production units and cooperatives located in
the districts of Montepuez and Namuno, our reporters were able to see that
tremendous quantities of corn and cotton destined for distribution centers and
processing factories were awaiting shipment. We also saw tons of corn already
harvested and awaiting sacking for storage and shipment.

Political-Military Situation

Since the majority of the people in Cabo Delgado live in communal settlements,
the residents there have been able to strike major blows against enemy
infiltration. :

"In this sector, we can regard the situation as stable, since the communal
settlements have created a barrier to the penetration of the armed gangs in
the zone. The people have stoically resisted the actions of the armed
bandits, despite the enemy propaganda which has sought in vain to persuade

21



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

TPDF RECEIVES WATER--The Government plans to provide the Tanzania People's
Defence Forces (TPDF) Chabruma Camp in Songea under the 1.3m/- water plan
drawn in 1984/85 financial year. The Deputy Minister for Defence and
National Service, Ndugu E.S. Mwakyambiki, told the National Assembly that
15,000/- had been sent to the Ruvuma Region Water Engineer who would
undertake a study of the water project. As soon as the study was ready,
construction of a water tank and installation of pumps would start. Ndugu
Mwakyambiki was answering Ndudy P.W. Luoga (Songea Rural) who asked whether
the Government had plans to provide the TPDF Chabruma Camp in Songea with
tap water. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 Jun 85 p 3]

NO COLLEGE MILITIA PLANS--The Government has no plans to ark on militia
training programmes for schools and colleges throughout the country
because of shortage of trainers, equipment and transport, the National
Assembly was told yesterday. The Deputy Minister for Defence and National
Service, Ndugu E.S. Mwakyambiki, told the House that in some places it was
even difficult to get people to train. He was answering Major M.R.
Kassanda (Tabora Rural) who asked whether the Government had any plans to
start militia training in colleges and schools now that success had been
realised in militia training in the country. Ndugu Mwakyambiki said that
the Tanzania People's Defence Forces (IPDF) started the militia training
programme in 1980 following Mwalimu's directive given in Bunazi in 1979
when Tanzanian soldiers were returning home after punishing Iddi Amin,
that "every village must form militia companies." In 1983 trainers were
sent to various villages. Since then administrative problems surfaced.
The target of forming one company for every village had not been met.
There are more than 8,000 villages. So far only 725 villages are expected
to have their companies formed soon, he said. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam
DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jun 85 p 3]

CSO: 3400/625



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL CONFLICTS BEING MIRRORED IN CHURCH
Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 22 Jun 85 p 15
[Article by Kin Bentley]

{Text ]

THE Church, for tong a thorn in the side of the South
African Government, is beginning to show signs of cracking
as internal pressures increase.

A number of differences in strategy and intensity of
opposition to the racial policies of the Government have
emerged over the years and churches, including the once
monolithic Nederduits Gereformeerde Kerk, seem in dan-
ger of splitting.

Recent events which point to friction within church
circles are:

@ In the South African Council of Churches (SAC), Dr
Allan Boesak, senior vice-president, and the Rev Lionel
Louw, Western Province branch chairman, were over-
ruled in their claim that the SACC executive adopted a
resolution calling for prayers for the “removal from power
of those who persist in defying His (God's) laws” and “the
present rulers in our country who persistently refuse to
heed the cry for justice”.

The presidium of the SACC came out in favour of the
view represented by the president of the Methodist Church,
the Rev Peter Storey, and the Anglican Archbishop of Cape
Town, the Most Rev Philip Russell, in dissociating them-
selves from the controversial prayer call and instead pray-
ing on June 16 for an “end to oppression and violence in
South African society”.

@ The question of Anglican chaplains wearing the unl-
form of the SA Defence Force while in the operational area
will be debated at the church’s synod in Maritzburg next
month. A “pro-resolution”, in an attempt to soften its
effect, adds the rider that Anglican ministers be allowed to
minister to the “other side”.

By contrast, a motion proposed by the Rev Syd Luckett,
of Cape Town, declares that the presence of the SADF’ in

’

64

” SWA/Namibia and the wider operational area is “mani-
festly unjust”. :

One motion, which has sparked off disbelief in some
church circles, is by the Rev M S Mdwandwe, Suffragan
Bishop of Johannesburg. He calls for the suspension of Holy
‘Communion “for a period of time” as “an act of penitence
to bring us all to a state of true repentance and unity”. In
motivating the resolution, he says it is a matter of urgency
that attention be given to the serious conflict within the
Church “which reflects the conflict in Southern Africa”.

©@ Tensions have emerged in the “white” NG Kerk with
the repeal the Mixed Marriages Act and Section 16 of the
Immorality Act.

A major split appears to be looming in the Church over
whether or not to marry mixed couples in NG churches. The
division seems to mirror the political separation between
the National Party and the Conservative Party.

No final decision seems to be forthcoming from the
church, with Dr Dirk Fourie, an expert on NG Kerk canoni-
cal law, saying in the latest edition of Die Kerkbode,
mouthpiece of the church, that any decisions for or against
mixed marriages should be made by the “church councils”
of the church.

“Repercussions could affect the congregation and the
minister to the extent that congregational unity and the
work of the church could be affected,” he said.

“It Is a situation which demands not only the decision of
the minister in terms of his conscience, but the over-riding
decision of a church meeting.”

Ds Kobus Potgieter, the church's moderator, in an inter-
view in Beeld last week, said the church was so deeply
divided politically that it could not make any pronounce-
ment on the current unrest, for fear of being “torn apart
down the middle”.

* Thé church was being deliberately silent, he said.

“Daughter” churches, like the NG Sendingkerk, of which



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

“SOUTH AFRICA

GROUPS WANT TO MAKE DREAM OF AFRIKANER REPUBLICS A REALITY
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Jun 85 p 12
[Article by Andrew Beattie]

[Text]

Attempts to set up white Afrikaner-only
“growth areas” and mooted grand schemes for
renewing the status of the old Afrikaner re-
publics have mushroomed since the birth of
the tricameral Parliament.

While most South Africans have indicated

, that they have little time for utopian and unre-
alistic political “final solutions” based on en-
forced racial separation, the thread of separat-
ist ideals can be traced back to the Great
Trek. There now appears to be renewed con-
sensus among these separatists, possibly as
a result of the consolidation of right-wing op-
position since the “New Deal”.

Many of them point to the formation of the
Union of South Africa in 1910, and claim that
this was'the event which was forever to damn
ware Afrikaners to live as a minority among
other groups with different cultures.

The aim of Lord Alfred Milner, one-time ad-
ministrator of the conquered Boer republics,
was that there should be unification in South
Africa. It is alleged by several right-wing
groups that Union was forever to cripple the
Boers. Milner is claimed to have said in 1906:
“Although unification will initially put the
Boers in power, it will, ironically enough, ulti-
mately be their downfall.”

“This prophecy is already taking shape,”
roared Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB)
leader Mr Eugene TerreBlanche at a recent
meeting in Pretoria. At this meeting he
warned that if the AWB contested and won a
majority in the Transvaal and Free State in
the next elections, it would turn both provinces
into white republics,

“Lord Milner,” he went on to say, “was a
member of the Illuminati.” This was an obvi-
ous hint, or an attempt to adduce evidence, of
an “international conspiracy” aimed at disin-
heriting the Afrikaners.

It should be pointed out that Lord Milner

ve)

was not the main figure in the drive towards a
united South Africa, especially when compared
to figures such as General Smuts and Lord Sel-
borne. Lord Milner wrote in 1897 that Anglo-
‘Afrikaner friction was child’s play when com-
pared with the antagonism between white and
black. And he continued: “That the white man
must rule is clear — but HOW?”

References to the roles played by Lord
Milner in the course of South African history
to the present time are stressed time and time
again by the separatists.

In a recent edition of Die Stem — a news-
paper devoted to the restoration of the Boer
Republieks — an article heralded the demise
of “that journalistic adder” the Rand Daily
Mail. It added: “They had to carry out
Milner’s orders: ‘The Afrikaner people must
disappear.’ In the 82 years of their existence
they supported anything anti-Boer.”

In the same edition of Die Stem Adolf
Hitler is lauded for his achievements in “unit-
ing Germans as never before and bringing for-
eign Germans into the German state”.

The editor of Die Stem concludes that the
West erred in World War 2 by siding with the
Soviet Union against the Germans.

“The Western countries like the USA, Cana-
da, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa
can hang their heads in shame over their fool-
ish actions in this critical struggle.”

The “conspiracy theory” is frequently in-
voked by right-wing extremists and the cham-
pions of the “Afrikaner Republics”, who now
seem to have pooled resources. Whether it be a
“Botha coalition” conspiracy to end white rule,
or an Anglo-American plot to dictate South
Africa’s regional policy, the factual basis of
the claim is dubious but has relevance because
of the “aggrieved” feeling it engenders.

And while the proponents of the “Afrikaner
Republics” are vehemently against any racial



JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

DJIZ0UTI

BRIEFS

HASSAN DOKKO DETAINED--The brother of the defense minister and the Afar tri-
bal chief for the Gobaad region, Hassan Bokko, is reported to have been freed
June 19 after two weeks in detention. It appears as though he was blamed
for being unable--or unwilling--to persuade the Afars of Gobaad to hand over
their arms to the government. The inhabitants of this region, Afars and
Isaas, have the tradition of going about armed, and all attempts to disarm
them, by the French before independence as well as since 1977, have failed.
{Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 22 Jun 85 p 3]

JOURNALISTS SUSPINDED--Abdi Aden, Christophe Farah and Wekdi Othman, journal-
ists with Djibouti radio-television, sent the following response to our arti-
cle of May 25, 1985, on their arrest: "Contrary to your allegations, we

were neither 'interrogated' nor detained in any villa for three days. We

deny making the demands we are said to have made, specifically for ‘greater
freedom of expression’ and the creation of a union. Lastly, until we are in-
formed otherwise, we have not been dismissed from our jobs." The LETTER

stands by its report that the three journalists were arrested, but acknowledges
that they were suspended, not fired. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER
in English 22 Jun 85 p 3]

CSO:. 3400/635

11



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POWER HANDED OVER TO INTERNAL PARTIES IN NAMIBIA
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 18 Jun 85 p 8
[Editorial: “The South-West African GovernmentTM]

[Text] There was surely also an undercurrent of frustration at the festivi-
ties held yesterday in Windhoek. In the midst of the official handing over of
power to the internal parties in South-West Africa, the cold reality remains
that the eventual peace of the territory has not yet been attained. However
difficult it may be, that must simply be the goal, because even if the new
arrangement functions at its most efficient, the path to full independence
cannot be negotiated without international sanction.

The frustration amid the festivities is twofold. On the one hand the people
of the territory don't want to wait any longer to take charge of their own
affairs. But at the same time they--or at least the sober thinkers among
them--are aware that the future will not offer law and order if the interna-
tional requirements for independence are not fulfilled.

For the South African government, which must play the role of broker, the
South-West African question is and remains a prickly one, which will not
pecome less troublesome after the transfer of power.

South-West Africa is not merely an economic millstone; what happens there
continually puts South Africa in the international spotlight.

The sole consolation is that the Reagan administration agrees that the Cuban
question cannot just simply be shoved to one side

But as a result of the Cabinda incident, South Africa's bona fides are now
also being doubted by Washington, The hunt for ANC nests in Gaborone has
caused further tension. In various other Western nations our diplomatic
representatives are under tremendous pressure.

70



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

ITALY FINANCES AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM TO BENEFIT SOUTH
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 85 p 13

[Text] The project for the agricultural-livestock development of the Sabie—
Nkomati region, the contract for which was signed on Thursday by the governments
of Mozambique and Italy, in Corumana, is considered by our country's authorities
to be a major undertaking, which will improve and change the lives of the popu-
lation in the southern zone and regions of the country, particularly in the
nutritional and social areas, in view of the fact that the creation of 24,000
permanent jobs has been estimated. It is a project financed by the government
of Italy (with $27 million), to be executed jointly with the BONIFICA company.
In fact, the enterprise constitutes a rebirth of new hope for the southern
region of our country.

The project for development of the Sabie-Nkomati region is aimed at storing the
water from the Sabie River for use in irrigation, and for livestock and social
applications, and it was devised on the basis of the execution of the Corumana
dam (an infrastructure also financed by Italy), the reservoir of which will aid
the programs for food production which Mozambique urgently needs.

The project area, according to reports, covers a total gross expanse of 212,843
hectares located north of Maputo Province, in a section adjoining the border
which separates our country from South Africa.

The main products planned for the project are meat, milk, wheat, corn, oil seeds,
green vegetables, legumes, fruit and cassava, with a total sales price of nearly
$230 million per year. This will allow for a substantial contribution to the
country's food-agriculture balance, from the standpoint of cutting imports and
increasing the sector's exports.

In the execution of the project, which was carried out by BONIFICA, three major
areas for action were identified: irrigation, livestock development and fauna
reservation.

Backing for the Corumana Dam

Despite the fact that the Corumana dam is not finished (it will be nearly 3,050
meters long with a maximum height of 46.5 meters, in addition to a total volume

28



COMPUTER INDUSTRY CRISIS FORESEEN

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Jun 85 p 7

[Text]

CSO: 3400/637

SOUTH Africa's R1 300-mil-
Hon computer industry has
bucked the recession for the
last three years, but time is
running out for many small
firms.

Fears that the SA comput-
er market is heading for a
crisis that will see smaller
vendors falling by the way-
side have alrendy been ex-
pressed in the industry.

‘The weeding-out process
will continue because far too
many vendors which the
BEA believes should not be
operating, are still in the

market.
‘As far as the PC market is ;

concerned, Max Maller,
President of the Business
Equipment Association says:
The glamour that has at-
tended the micro computer is
fading. It is a bealthy devel-
opment. This maturing in the
PC market is welcomed.”
Major retailers, however,
are showing record sales,
some cases up by as much
50 percent on 1983 figures.
e SA data processing
market is said to be growing
by a steady compounded an-
nual rate of 25 precent, which
is expected to continue this
year.
Industry sources say the
SA market is set to follow the
US trend with a remarkable

boom in computerised per- «

sonnel systems.

‘Whether’ smatier “vendors ~

are matching the growth
rates of market leaders is not
atall certain.

Says a leading industry
source: “The bigger comput-
er dealers have always
bucked the recession and are
currently growing at a rate
of 40 percent a yer.

“The secret behind the suc-
cess is an aggressive market-
ing approach, but most of all,
it le the efficient use of avail-
able computing power.

The economical use of
computing power bas taken
on added importance in
South Africa for more than
one reason.

Although sales figures look
impressive on company
statements, the sagging rand
has virtually lost SA the
benefit of falling dollar
prices of computing power.

The US dollar has risen by
about 38 percent against
major currencies and 40 per-
cent agninst the rand in the
last year alone.

companics absorbed
much of the effective price
tise by cutting product
prices.

However, even relatively
low increases may force ws-
ers to look at products from
the East. Japan's Hitachi
sold in SA by Persetel —
ranks fourth in sales, and is
‘already being chosen ahead
of IBM by many major users.

JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



deposits of natural gas are located in Pande, Buzi and Temane, in the
provinces of Inhambane and Sofala.

In the oil-prospecting sector, a contract with the Japan Oil Corporation was
signed in March of last year with a view to prospecting work in the Bay of
Bazaruto. Another contract had been signed earlier, in 1983, with the Esso-
Shell group, calling for oil prospecting in the on-shore zone in the Rovuma
River basin.

Another important sector has to do with prospecting for coal. In the Moatize
basin, the total confirmed reserves come to 489.9 million tons, in addition to
which there are 450 million tons in the central zone. Industrial reserves
come to 211.6 million tons, of which 156 million lie in open pit sites and
55.6 million are located in underground mines.

5157
cso: 3442/329

35



a

eeaeaseen —
ESTIMATED CURRENT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE PER BLACK PUPIL,
1980 TO 1984,

1980/81 1981/82 1982/83
- _ —

TOTAL NUMBER OF BLACK PUPILS $6,385 pupils sere a
PER STATE AND AREA. of these were success-
ful matriculation can-

didates in 1984.

In 1977, 2 863 out of 11095
black —_ matriculation
candidates were suc-
cessful.

The report said the in-
creased number of ma-
triculation candidates
between 1977 and 1984
was because “pupils
realised now that se-
nior secondary qualifi-
cations enabled them
to be considered for
better job opportuni-
ties”.

Another factor was the
upgrading, from Stan-
dard 8 to Standard 10,
of the minimum quali-
fication for admission

CsO: 3400/652

60

to teacher training.
The report appealed to
employers to note the
increase in numbers
and quality of black
school leavers when
formulating labour pol-
icy.
An increased flow of
black students to.
higher education insti-
tutions would change
the structure of the la-
bour force.

The number of pupils ob-
taining school-leaving
certificates rose from
4834 to 31191 between
1977 and 1984.

PREDICTIONS
Statistical predictions
are based on a “cohort
model” which accounts
for actual pupil enrol-
ment and the number
of “repeaters”, but it
does not mention the
percentage of the
school-going _ popula-
tion which the figures
represent.

According to the report,
per capita expenditure
by the 11 departments
increased to keep pace
with the number of
pupils - from
R425 million in 1980/81
to R1240 million in
1984/85 — an increase
for each pupil from
R88 to R214 a year.

@Graphics courtesy of
the Research Institute
for Education Plan-
ning, University of the
Orange Free State.



capable of ensuring the quality of the product that is demanded on the interna-
tional level."

According to him, the Mahate sawmill, integrated into the Cabo Delgado Lumber
Enterprise, exports lumber to almost all of southern Africa, as well as Europe,
Japan,Brazil and other countries.

To supplement the sawmill, it has been planned to install a carpentry shop soon,
attached to this lumber production unit.

According to director Agostinho Lisboa, the carpentry shop will manufacture all
types of furniture, using wood which, because it has flaws, cannot be exported.

As a means of ensuring the supply of lumber, a study is being made of a project

for reforestation in the vicinity of the city of Pemba, over a radius of 50
kilometers.

2909
CSO: 3442/332

31



The highly political character of the current unrest is seen also in the scape-
goating of the local-level institutionalized leadership and authority figures.

Research conducted by INDICATOR SA suggests strongly that coercive mobilization
or intimidation are not very prominent features in the unrest.

The participants appear to be willingly mobilized to act in a way so as to pro-
duce a situation of urban turmoil. Unlike the disturbances of 1976/77, the
majority of the participants are adults rather than children.

These patterns all lend credence to the view that there is a fairly concerted
and well-supported campaign in the townships to create a situation of turmoil
and ungovernability.

In the areas in which the unrest is most sustained, notably the Eastern Cape
and Witwatersrand, the established formal community leadership has all but
collapsed under the impact of the campaign.

Any political pattern of political unrest must be analyzed at two levels. One
is that of the manifest goals and objectives among leading participants.

Another is that of the conditions, frustrations and motivations existing among
the rank-and-file members of communities which create the propensity for unrest
or the inclination to participate in the pattern of behavior prescribed by the
leading figures.

It would be futile to dianose the current unrest only as a well-coordinated
attempt to create ungovernability and chaos in the townships.

All single-stranded theories of urban unrest are inevitably wrong or over simple.
Some people aruge that the unrest is entirely due to agitation and intervention
by expatriate movements--most importantly the ANC. This explanation would be
akin to blaming the troubles in Ulster solely on the IRA or the soccer violence
in Britain solely on liquor.

Others argue that the unrest is due entirely to a lack of political rights, to
a resistance to white rule or to a question for political liberation.

cso: 3400/663

63



FIVE-YEAR INFLATION RISE REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jul 85 p 24

{Article by Daan de Kock)

[Text]

SOUTH Africa’s infla-
tion rate increased by
135 percent between
1977 and 1983, mainly
because of the rise in
salaries and wages
without an accompany-
ing increase in produc-
tivity, Dr Kerneels Hu-
man, chairman of Fe-
derale Volksbeleggings
says in his annual re-

port.

He says that during this
period nominal wages of
Whites rose by 126 per-
cent and that of non-
Whites by 147 percent.
Productivity on the other
hand increased by only .
about 2 percent a year
cover the same period.

“This _ self-destructive
effect of the indexing pro-
cess by means of which
employees endeavoured
to cope with increases in
consumer prices by in-
creases in labour re-
muneration was realised
Jong ago. In the past it
had been accepted in

cso: 3400/637

most circles as an inevi-
table consequence of a
structural problem con-
cerning the availability of
skilled labour in the
South African economy.

“However, there are
welcome indications that
this vicious indexing circle
will be checked in 1985,”
Dr Human says.

He expects real discre-
tionary personal income
to show a drop this year

and it will probably stay ;

‘below the 1984 levels next
year.

Dr Human says that in
the post-war -period an
upswing in the economy
developed in three
phases; and increase in
exports, a traditional con-
sumer upswing followed
by fixed capital invest-
ment.

At present South Afri-
ca was in the phase of an
upswing in exports, but it
was doubtful if a support-
ing consumer demand
would soon follow.

100

JPRS~SSA~85~-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

This was because busi-
ness conditions were not
favourable for the nego-
tiation of increases in la-
bour remuneration, as
well as the expected drop
in real discretionary per-
sonal income.

Dr Human says that
apart from inflation atten-
tion must be given to
other structureal factors
such as the imbalance be-
tween skilled and
unskilled labour, the bet-
ter utilisation of assets
and the development of a
sound industrial strategy.

Referring to the past
year’s results Dr Human
says the year “has un-
doubtedly been the most
difficult in the history of
the company.

“The amounts written
off and provisions made,
as well as the reduction in
certain operating activi-
ties and the adjustment of
cost structures, are part of
the process of returning
the assets of the company
to a sound and realistic
level.”



But this does not suffice, and above all for the city, we decided to encourage
traditional fishing. To this end, it proved necessary to provide the
fishermen with equipment. Thus by way of preparation, we undertook a
coordinated effort with the Secretariat of State for Fishing, and we have
provided a reasonable supply. We have greatly debureaucratized the process of
purchasing, so that any fisherman can buy equipment without need to present a
license.

We have organized centers for the free purchase of fish, and also a ship's
carpenters! cooperative which has already produced a good number of wooden
vessels of a versatile type which are replacing the canoes in some places.

We are selling these fiberglass boats which are being produced in Maputo to
private persons as an incentive to this sector. We are further organizing a
supply center for fishermen which will enable those who will want to sell
their fish on the market to buy other industrial products, based on quantity.

The work done has proved positive, and we have even succeeded in increasing
the volume of dried fish. And as we have strategically located centers, the
fishermen do not even have to travel great distances to sell their product.

It is true that we must develop industrial fishing further and orient it
toward shrimping.

NOTICIAS: What is the main line of orientation for the province now witha
view to planned development?

Mario da Graca Machungo: The basic problem which concerns Mozambicans and the
people of Zambezia currently is the physical liquidation of the armed bandits,
linking the economy to the war and the war to the economy. Thus we can
consolidate national unity and the Mozambican nation and can build socialism.

This is the line of action established by our party and more than once
confirmed by our president. It must be and will continue to be the heart of
the concern in the province of Zambezia.

Essentially, this means combatting and putting an end to the shortage of food

and clothing. This is what mobilizes the people. Where we focus our efforts
in this direction, we will reap a harvest.

5157
cso: 3442/329

41



BOSHOFF SPEAKS AT REELECTION AS HEAD OF VOORTREKKERS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jul 85 p 15

[article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN. — The
controversial arch-con-
servative founder of
the Afrikaner-Volks-
wag, Professor Carel
Boshoff survived two
well-orchestrated  at-
tempts to wrest lead-
ership from him of the
Voortrekkers at their
four-yearly congress
which ended in Stellen-
bosch at the weekend.

‘The National Party es-
tablishment and reform-
ists within the Voortrek-
kers wanted him removed
as leader of the 52 000-
strong movement, which
‘plays an important role in

influencing the attitudes
of young Afrikaners.

At the start of the con-
gress, Prof Boshoff mark-
ed the battle line very
clearly: “To everyone
who has detached himself
from the Afrikaner
people and its future we
say: Hands off our youth.
Do not contaminate them
with foreign ideologies
that are hostile. to ‘the
volk.

“People must not
underestimate our youth
and think that they will be

easy prey to ill-conceived"

cso: 3400/665

systems without a single
assurance that they will
work or that they are suit-
ed to the South African
situation.”

He emphasised the
theme of the congress,
“leaders of tomorrow —
let us remain firmly on
the road on which we
have come thus far”, a
theme which in itself was
seen as setting a conserva-
tive rather than a reform-
ist tone.

The chief opponent of
this direction was the
movement's general sec-
retary, Mr Jan Oelofse, a
Pretoria attorney. He
called for a modern out-
look among the youth, of
whom new approaches,
insights and visions were
expected.

In a sometimes stormy
debate, the first attack on
Prof Boshoff's leadership
came by way of a motion
calling on him not to
stand for re-election.

During the debate his
Rightwing views were
blamed for a drop of 3 000
in membership since 1983
— the official figures are
54727 members in 1983
and 51870 members in
1984.

But another delegate
claimed the drop was due
to the recession.

There was a ballot on
the issue and the motion
was defeated: The voting
figures were not dis-
closed. ”

Having survived this
attack, Prof Boshoff
seemed assured of re-
election as leader in the
election of office bearers,
which was held on Satur-
day. _

In the first ballot for
leader, Prof Boshoff. re-
ceived 247 votes against
157 for Mr Oelofse and
133 for the movement's
Free State leader, Mr Jan
van der Wait. This meant
the other two candidates
scored a total of 290
votes.

However, in the final
ballot Prof Boshoff drew
enough of. Mr Van der
Wait’s supporters: to be
re-elected by 283 votes to
the 260 cast for Mr Oe-
lofse.

Although the majority
is marginal, it clearly dis-
satisfied reformists within
the Voortrekkers in that
the leadership remains for
the next four years in the

JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

hands of a Rightwinger,
an advocate of continued
apartheid as opposed to
reform, and a supporter
of the Conservative Par-
ty.

Prof Boshoff, on the
other hand, made it clear
to the Press that he re-
garded the leadership of
the Voortrekkers as div-
orced from his activities
in other bodies such as
the Volkswag and Sabra.

He said the Volkswag
did not plan to “hi-jack”
the Voortrekkers, “they
are two separate organi-
sations each with its own
objectives”, he said.

Politics should not be
dragged into the Voor-
trekker movement.

“I see my re-election as
a mandate to continue
with the work I have done
for the Voortrekkers in
the past four years. The
mandate is not related to
my links with the Afrika-
ner-Volkswag,” he told a
Press conference.

- He called for the loy-
alty of all Voortrekkers
and said he undertook to
remain within the goals of

~ the Voortrekker move-

ment.



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

BENIN

STUDENT DISORDERS, MINISTER'S REMOVAL EXAMINED
Paris AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 19-25 Jun 85 pp 6-7
[Article by Lucien Houedanou: "The Last Companion"]

(Text] Things are not going well in Benin. Apparently,
the school disturbances of the past few weeks--whose extent
was such that all the schools in the country were closed--
were enough to justify dismissal on 12 June of Col. Michel
Alladaye, the minister of middle and higher education. Yet,
Alladaye was not a minister like the others: he was the
last political survivor of the group of three captains who
"put" Maj. Mathieu Kerekou in power on 26 October 1972.

The closing of Benin school and university institutions was officially ended
on 3 June by decision of the central committee of the People's Revolution
Party of Benin (PRPB, single party). Indeed, primary and secondary students
resumed classes on that date, however it was another week before students
returned to the university campus of Abomey-Calavi. Since no decision to
postpone the date of examinations was taken, most of them realized the
necessity and urgency to catch up on the several lost weeks of courses.

We recall that 48-hour strikes took place on 29 and 30 April, then on 2 and 3
May. To avert spreading of the disturbances to all the country's schools the
decision to close the schools and university was taken on 6 May. Wanted
notices against the five students regarded by the authorities as leaders of
the movement were widely distributed. The president of the Republic had even
given the order to fire on sight at any demonstrator. There were unconfirmed
reports of two deaths during the hot days for Benin at the beginning of May.

The extreme measures taken by President Kerekou can be explained by the fact
that the scope of the disturbances was certainly unprecedented in the 12 years
since the current Beninese head of state came to power. Structures to control
the various classic focuses of disturbance had been patiently established
since 1972. The few efforts of workers to raise their heads had been briskly
squelched. In the education area, disturbances had generally been confined to
the university and had rarely lasted very long.



Trade Relations, Oil Agreement With Brazil Outlined
(Sheidu Baye; NEW NIGERIAN, 24 Jun 85)..eccccccccccccccece

Crude Oil Export Experiencing Slump
(Ndu Ughamadu; BUSINESS TIMES, 1 Jul 85)...cccccccsesecces

Briefs
External Reserve Falls
Army To Produce Arms
REUNION

Situation Offers Opportunities for Independentist Movement
(LIBERATION-CARAIBE-PACIFIQUE, Jun-Aug 85)...cesseseeccees
Kichenin Shakes Up Left
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 22 Jun 85)...ecesccscceccecs
SEYCHELLES

Briefs
Tuna Catch Increases

SOUTH AFRICA

Phenomenal Increase in Black Erollments Predicted To Continue
(Janine Simon; THE STAR, 4 Jul 85)......cccccccccccsccccee

Discrimination of Black Lawyers Hampers Legal Profession
(Phil Mtimkulu; THE STAR, 4 Jul 85)...

Schlemmer Article on Black Frustration
(Lawrence Schlemmer; SUNDAY TIMES, 14 Jul 85)...ccsccceees

Political Conflicts Being Mirrored in Church
(Kin Bentley; WEEKEND POST, 22 Jun 85)...cecccccsccscecses

Church Waking Up to Opposed According to Meeting
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Jul 85). .ccescccccccccccsscccccccecceecees

Afrikaner Youth Religious Convictions Steadfast
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Jul 85)...c.ccccccccccccccceccceevcceees

FRG's Proposed Goethe Institute Stirs Controversy
(Stefan Klein; SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 8 Jun 85)........0000

Power Handed Over to Internal Parties in Namibia
(Editorial; DIE TRANSVALER, 18 Jun 85)......cccceeccescees

Repeal of Political Interference Act Sets Up Fight for Votes
(Otto Krause; DIE VADERLAND, 24 Jun 85). ..cccccecccceccece

-c-

47

49

51
51

57

58

59

61

62

64

66

67

63

70

72



NOTICIAS: Does the province have the physical capacity to produce eoffee for
the country?

Mario da Graca Machungo: It has been proven that it does. In the Gurue zone
alone we can produce enough coffee to meet domestic trade requirements. This
area we have developed, when it goes into full production, can replace the
import of at least 80 percent of the coffee we consume.

There are other undertakings which resulted from the Fourth Congress, in the
area of small projects which involve first of all the rehabilitation of the
old irrigation systems which were abandoned immediately after independence was
won. Specifically we have Muziva, Licuari and Songo in Chinde, to support
some cooperatives. We are also supporting of family development and the
cultivation of rice by the population.

These undertakings have been launched with a certain success in the province
of Zambezia, and we are about to initiative projects which for security
reasons we were unable to start earlier, specifically cotton production. Here
we have a certain lag, especially in the area of Morrumbala and also in the
district of Mocuba itself. But we are preparing to get started, with a view
to providing raw materials when the textile factory in Mocuba is commissioned
in 1986.

NOTICIAS: We have had an opportunity to verify that there is an increase in
production, in fact, in general terms. But this will immediately raise two
types of problem: shipment and marketing. How are these difficulties being
dealt with?

Mario da Graca Machungo: These questions have to do with our capacity to plan
all activities in coordinated fashion. Intensifying production means planning
shipment and marketing, implementing the decisions of the Fourth Congress more
realistically, and involving all the economic factors which have an important
role to play in development, from the private and cooperative sectors to the
state sector.

We must also pursue efforts in the realm of defense in order to defeat the
enemy in all sectors, but first of all, to put him on the absolute defensive.
We must not lag behind the enemy but rather see that he does not succeed in
his destabilization efforts.

All of this must be done through joint action. In fact, last year and this
year as well, we lost a substantial fleet of trucks, which makes our transport
and distribution very difficult. Currently we still have quantities of grain
from last year's harvest in Milange, Molocue and also in Maganja da Costa
still awaiting distribution. Only now are we about to begin the marketing
campaign, because of the shortage of transport facilities.

But this should not lead us to despair. Everything depends on the capacity of
our organization and maximal use of resources. New investments, yes, but we
should not sit and wait. Planning in proper time, planning intensively,
seeing where to concentrate efforts, defining the main priorities for our
actions and doing the essential things. With this line of action, we will be

38



Institutes in Africa.” It is probable, they said, that the situation of the
Goethe Institutes in a number of African countries would deteriorate and that
one would have to accept a loss of credibility,

One conferee stated: “At a time when the situation in South Africa is be~
coming increasingly grave, the founding of a Goethe Institute in Johannesburg
would be interpreted by many black African countries as support for the apar-
theid regime.” Doubt was cast on Witte's assurance that, under present condi-
tions in South Africa, independent program work was actually ensured. The
Foreign Office was also criticized because, in preparing the project, they had
only been in contact with some of the relevant groups in South African society
and that, for instance, the resistance organization “African National Congress
had not been consulted on the project.

9917
cso: 3420/74

69



JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DISAPPEARANCE OF ANTI-APARTHEID LEADERS QUESTIONED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Jul 85 p 17

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

People don’t simply disappear without trace in this
day and age — or do they?

‘Ask Mrs Nyameka Goniwe of Cradock whose hus-
band, Matthew, disappeared some time on Thursday
evening while visiting Port Elizabeth. The gutted
wreck of his car was found on the Port Elizabeth-
Grahamstown road.

‘The charred bodies of two of his fellow travellers,
Mr Sparrow Mkonto and Mr Sicelo Mhlawuli, were
discovered at different locations, well away from the
wreck. The fourth man in the party, Mr Fort Calata,
has also vanished without trace.

Or ask Mrs Pinda Molefe, whose father, Mr Sipho
Hashe, set off from his home for Port Elizabeth air-
port on May 9 with two companions. Casual farewells
were exchanged. None of the men has been seem by
his family since.

‘Then again one might put the question to the moth-
er of 16-year-old Sowetan Jabu Maluleke, who was
reportedly removed from a home-bound train by men
‘in plainclothes on May 10.

Matthew Goniwe, Sipho Hashe and Jabu Maluleke

have one thing in common — they are all leaders of
organisations vehemently opposed to apartheid and
have been part of mass protest action.

With the exception of Mr Mblawuli, their fated
companions —- Mr Mkhonto, and two others, Mr
Champion Galela and Mr QaQawala Godolozi — are
likewise prominent figures.

Not surprisingly, some human rights groups and
progressive political organisations have begun to
speak of a programme of systematic elimination of
opponents of apartheid by agents unknown.

They remind us that the disappearances and mur-
ders take place against an ominous backdrop, where:

78

@ Popular leaders’ homes are petrol-bombed — even
the home of a man such as Anglican Bishop Suffra-
gan Simeon Nkoane who has no sectional identity.
@The smouldering differences between the United
Democratic Front and the Azanian Peoples’ Organi-
sation are repeatedly stoked by bogus pamphlets,
purportedly issued by the two organisations.

@ The UDF and Azapo leadership insist their organi-
sations are not at war, yet battles rage between their
members and suspicion that their ranks have been
infiltrated by pro-apartheid forces grows.

@ The existence of a “hit list” for the abduction of 14

leaders in Johannesburg and Soweto is revealed.

@ Vigilante groups operate seemingly unchecked —
abducting people and meting out rough “justice”
leading to the loss of several lives.

Police in the Eastern Cape have opened murder
dockets in the cases of Mr Mkonto and Mr Mhlawuli. :
The other cases are being treated as missing person
investigations and in May a court dismissed with:
costs an application for the Minister cf Law and
Order to produce Mr Hashe. :

But many people in the Eastern Cape still clearly
suspect that their leaders have been murdered. 5

Some weeks ago, when mass burials were conduct-
ed under the supervision of police at Zwide cemetery,
Port Elizabeth youths refused to believe that the;
bodies were those of paupers who had died in hospi-j
tal. They exhumed about 20 bodies to see if their:
leaders were among the dead. i

Who are these leaders who are regarded at!
grassroots level as enough of a threat to apavtheid:
for some pro-apartheid “third force” (as Azapo and:
the UDF call it) to want them out of the way? t

Mr Goniwe, Mr Calata, and Mr Mkonto filled top
positions in the Cradock Residents’ Association (Cra+
dora) which waged rent battles, opposed the loca’



222043

JPRS-SSA-85-070

9 August 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

gee 112

lpmc quaLiry wssractep 2

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

j REPRODUCED BY

| (NATIONAL TECHNICAL |

| INFORMATION SERVICE DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
| U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE i -
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22061 Approved for public release;
. Distribution Unlimited _ / 2
194

Ab7



BUSINESS MOOD REMAINS LOW

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jul 85 p 23

[Text]

cso:

THE South African
business mood remain-
‘ot real “cconomi¢ AAs South Africa ‘was
Presently in a process of
growth could be ex- Structural adjustment
pected before the be- with real income still de-
ginning of 1986, the- creasing, the private busi-
managing director of ness sector and especially
Boland Bank, Mr Gert the public sector, would
Liebenberg, said in his ave to learn notto pend
annual report. beyond’ their means,
“The next upswing is 82d.
unlikely to develop mo- “The increase in infla-
mentum before the sec- _ tion is largely attributable
ond half of 1986 and it is to a lack of financial disci-
not expected that the in- _pline of the consumer and
crease in exports will be government.”
sufficient to stimulate the This could be seen‘from
ceanomy, before the end the decrease in the pro-
Mr Liteteg aig Da, of enon
that many companies and sayings and by negative
individuals were strug savings by government in
sling for economic survi- 1983 ‘and 1984, Mr Lie-
val and an increasing tenberg said.
number were ending up in : .
insolvency courts. “The pressure of rising
“This leads inevitably cOsts, concomitant with
to more bad debts and the- the high rate of infistion,
resultant higher cyclical causes a constant depre-
unemployment, on top of ation of the rand against
the existing structural the currencies of our main
unemployment problem, _ international trading part-
further complicates mat- ners due to the undermin-
ters.” ing of the competiveness

3400/637

104

of the South African ex-

The increase in the Bo-
land Bank Group's assets
by 25 percent, from Ri-
billion to R1,2-billion was
“satisfactory”, if seen
against the background of
the unfavourable econ-
omic conditions which
prevailed in the past year,
Mr Pietman Hugo, chair-
man of the Boland Bank
Group said.

He said that the current
recession in the South
African enconomy adver-
sely affected the banking
industry and presented it
with ‘challenging de-
mands.

“A rate of inflation that
is still too high, sustained
Pressure on interest mar-
gins, the special levy on
deposits held by banks, as
well as the expected in-
creased capital require-
ments, will place great
pressure on the continued
growth in the earnings of
Boland Bank during the
1985/86 financial year.”

JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


GUINEA

Black Market Activities Discussed
(Sory Balde; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 29 May-4 Jun 85)...

MADAGASCAR

New Investment Code Examined
(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 22 Jun 85).ececssesceseveoes

MAURITIUS

Briefs
Workers Sent Back

MOZAMBIQUE

10 Years of Progress in Cabo Delgado Assessed
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85). cccccccccccccccscccccccsccccseeccess

Cabo Delgado Cotton Enterprises Facing Serious Problems
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85).ccecccccccccccccceccccccsscvccsscers

Steps To Ensure Nampula Marketing Success, New Prices
(NOTICIAS, 20 Jun 85).ececccccccccvccccccccccccessvceesese

Italy Finances Agricultural Program To Benefit South
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85)scecceccececccccccsccscecceceeee

Mahate Sawmill Plans To Increase Exports
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85)sccccccccccccscccccccvccccsccsceccece

Importance of Water Distribution Projects Described
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85)..seseeee

Study Reveals Extensive Mineral Resource Potential
(NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85)..scccccecccsccccvccseccscccsccccscees

Development Projects in Province of Zambezia Described
(Mario da Graca Machungo Interview; NOTICIAS, 25 Jun 85)..

Nation Takes Big Strides in Developing Socialist Medicine
(THE HERALD, 28 Jun 85)..cececscececsccccccecececscscesens

Briefs
Machel Visits Soviet Vessel

NIGERIA

Oil Spill Contingency Plans Need Updating
(BUSINESS TIMES, 17 Jun 85)....ccccecccccccccceecccecceees

-b-

13

18

19

20

23

25

28

30

32

34

36

42

44

45


MC ALPINE'S ANTHRACITE PROJECT DETAILED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Jun 85 p 3

{Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

cso:

3400/637

“ALFRED McAlping & Soa 15
to develop a 100-million-ton :
anthracite deposit in the Ka-
.Newane homeland near Ton-
ga on the Mozambique bor-
Be

greement will bd
signed, tomorrow. between
icAlpine and the KaNgwane
* Etthomic Development Cori
poration (KEDO), which will .
ive McAlpine a 60% stake In

e_KaNgwane anthracite °
prospect, The KEDC will re-

in the balance.

Initial prospecting has re-
vealed reserves of about 100-
million tons in situ, which
will first be mined by open-
cast methods and then by un-
derground ‘mining.

There are two other miner-
alised areas in a narrow band
between the Komati river
and Swaziland known as Nko-
mati Anthracite and South-
ern Anthracite, which togeth-
er contain an estimated 300-
million tons of anthracite.
“Messina is investigating the
Nkomati area.

105

it is expected that the bulk
of production from the Ka-
Newane area will be export-
through, : Richards: Bay
once the rail line from Koma-
tipoort to Swaziland is com-
piven cdwaras che end Jf ‘He
jear. This Ifne'Will eventiral-
link up with the Richards

y coal terminal.

McAlpine has a 500 000-ton

ase 4 export allocation

rough Richards Bay, which
it could probably utilise for
the export of anthracite. At
present it participates in oth-
er export activity through
Joint ventures. with, Trans:

fatal Coal Corporation and
Kangra.

Nobody at McAlpine was
available for comment on the
development of the Ka-
Newane coalfield, but it is
understood that the KEDC
will receive a 10% royalty in
terms of the deal.

JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



In his closing speech, Feliciano Gundana also discussed these topics, for the
purpose of congratulating all the province's districts, especially Moma, Angoche,
Mogovolas and Monapo, because they attained the highest marketing indexes,
despite the negative effect of the armed bandits’ activity and other factors,
such as the late arrival of goods, bags, fuel and other items.

However, he gave a reminder that it has become necessary to ensure immediately
the rapid removal of products to the factories, as well as seed to the produc-
tion sites.

Fulfilling one of the guidelines from the Council of Ministers issed through

the National Commission on Wages and Prices, the expanded meeting of the Nampula
provincial government decided, within the bounds of its authority, to approve
the prices of the following products, per kilogram:

First quality fresh fish, 80.00 meticals to the producer, 100.00 meticals to the
warehouse operator, 117.50 meticals to the second processor and 130.00 meticals
to the consumer.

Second quality fresh fish, 40.00 meticals to the producer, 50.00 meticals to
the warehouse operator, 55.00 meticals to the second processor and 60.00
meticals to the consumer.

Third quality fresh fish, 22.50 meticals to the producer, 30.00 meticals to the
warehouse operator, 32.50 meticals to the second processor and 36.00 meticals
to the consumer.

First quality dried fish, 208.00 metcials to the producer, 232.50 meticals to
the warehouse operator, 256.00 meticals to the second processor and 290.00
meticals to the consumer.

Second quality dried fish, 160.00 meticals to the producer, 179.50 meticals
to the warehouse operator, 197.50 meticals to the second processor and 224.00
meticals to the consumer.

White potatoes, 30.00 meticals to the producer and 40.00 meticals to the
consumer.

Coconuts, 10.00 meticals to the producer and 20.00 meticals to the consumer.
Garlic, 200.00 meticals to the producer and 250.00 meticals to the consumer.
Fresh milk, 17.50 meticals to the producer and 22.50 meticals to the consumer.
Dried cassava, 9.00 meticals to the producer and 12.00 meticals to the consumer.
For live goats and ewes, 1,500.00 meticals was set as a minimum price, and

4,000.00 meticals as a maximum. As for leaf tobacco, the [words missing from
text].

26



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MODERATES WIN FAK ELECTIONS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] Bloemfontein--The moderates emerged with a clear-cut victory in the
election for three vacant seats for elected members of the chief executive
of the Federasie van Afrikaanse Kultuurvereniginge (FAK) in Bloemfontein.

The seats became vacant after the retirement of two members, Mr Hendrik Sloet
(vice-chairman) and Professor J.C. Lombard, who were available for re-election
and the resignation of Professor Carel Boshoff, leader of the Afrikaner
Volkswag, in 1984.

There were seven nominees, but one of them, Mrs G. Malan, withdrew before
the election.

The successful candidates were Mr Sloet, Professor Jan Senekal, of Bloemfon-
tein, who had been a co-opted member of the chief executive and Dr Henno Cronje,
of Pretoria. The three had been elected by an absolute majority.

Defeated were Professor Lombard, Professor Marius Swart of Port Elizabeth,

who was co-opted as a member after he had been defeated in last year's election
and Mr D.J. (Gannie) Viljoen--a former director of the Bureau of Development

at the University of the Orange Free State. All three are regarded as Right-
wingers.

It was clear from the beginning of yesterday's proceedings, as the annual
report was under consideration, that the views of the Rightwingers were not
acceptable to the majority of the delegates.

When Dr D. Louw, of Pretoria, said that the executive's decision not to grant
affiliation to the Afrikaner Volkswag had caused distress to many members

and had placed, for example, the Afrikaanse Kultuurraad of Pretoria in something
of dilemma, Professor Gawie Cillie, the chairman, appealed to delegates not

to make speeches.

A special general meeting approved the new constitution of the FAK which would
comply with the requirements of the new Companies Act.

85



PARTIES VIE FOR SUPPORT OF CONFLICTING AFRIKANER GROUPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jul 85 p 11

[article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

BITTER _ ideological
conflict within Afrika-
nerdom in the next few
months has been fore-
cast by political pun-
dits as reformist and
conservative elements
vie for support.

The stage is already set
for National Party, Con-
servative Party and Her-
stigte Nasionale Party
clashes in the run-up to
the October by-elections,
while all three parties will
hold vital regional con-
gresses at which their dif-
ferences will be aired.

At the same time, the
two major Rightwing
“cultural” bodies, the
Afrikaner Volkswag and
the Afrikaner Weerstand-
beweging are planning
major rallies in Pretoria.

Round one in the re-
newed Afrikaner conflict
appeared to go to the NP
when its two Rightwing
opponents, the CP and
HNP, failed to agree on a
by-election pact. Both
have named candidates to
oppose the NP in the
Northern Cape constitu-
ency of Vryburg.

But round two seemed
to be a victory for the
Right when Nationalist
reformists failed at the
weekend in their attempts
to oust Professor Carel

CSO: 3400/665

Boshoff from leadership
of the Voortrekkers.

Prof Boshoff’s re-elec-
tion as Voortrekker lead-
er for four years is seen as
an indication that on
crunch issues Rightwing
groups will consolidate
their ranks against ‘Nat-
ional Party reform moves.
Control of the major
Afrikaner youth organisa
tion is a significant victory
for the Right.

In this conflict the Ned
Geref Kerk, which rep-
resents the majority of
Afrikaners, can do little.
Officially the church is
still bound to support
apartheid, a policy it
called for and subse-
quently endorsed and
accorded —_- theological
sanction in the 1974 docu-
ment, Ras, Volk en Na-
sie.

‘The document and
policy will almost certain-
ly be amended at the
NGK general synod due
to be held in Cape Town
next year. But until synod
has moved in a new direc-
tion, there is a reformist-
‘conservative stalemate
within the church.

In the midst of the new
conflict, the Human Sci-
ences Research Council
has delivered its report on
inter-group relations,

80

condemning apartheid as
a major cause of the
country’s ills.

It has introduced a new
bone of contention be-
tween reformists and the
Rightwing.

Seen by “liberal” Nat-
jonalists as a promising
indication of the road
ahead, the far Right has
condemned the report as
a blueprint for “White ca-
pitulation”.

These political, cul-
tural and religious issues
within Afrikanerdom will
be reflected in the elec-
tion campaign prior to the
October 30 by-elections
and at congresses to be
held during the same
period.

There is sharp division
between conservative ele-
ments on the proposed es-
tablishment of new “Boer
states” in South Africa on
an all-White basis. Such a
proposal is due to be dis-
cussed at a Rightwing ral-
ly in Welkom on August
3.

The AWB says in its
official organ, Die Stem,
it plans a “volkskongres”
in Pretoria in October to
prepare plans for the
“restoration of our Boer
national states as we had
before May 31, 1902”. *

This appears to clash

JPRS-SSA~857070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

with plans by the Volks-
wag, under Prof Carel
Boshoff, to hold a major
conference in Pretoria in
October.

At the political level,
party congresses will start
this month and continue
until October.

‘The NP regional con-
gresses will be held in
Durban on August 15 and
16, Bloemfontein on Sep-
tember 10 and 11, Pre-
toria from. September 19
to 21 and Port Elizabeth
from September 30 to Oc-
tober 2.

The CP will meet in
Bloemfontein on August
14 and 15, Oudtshoom on
August 19 to 21 and Rich-
ards Bay in Natal on Oc-
tober 25 and 26.

The HNP is due to
meet this weekend in
Bloemfontein and next
weekend in Port Eliza-
beth, with congresses in
Parow on August 3 and
Pretoria on September 6
and 7.

Standing outside of the
Afrikaner dispute will be
the Progressive Federal
Party, due to hold a fully
multiracial federal con-
gress in Durban on Au-
gust 30 and 31 and the
New Republic Party
which meets in Westville
on October 19.


JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

BOTSWANA

DROUGHT RESPONSIBLE FOR LARGE IMPORT BILLS
Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 27 Jun 85 p 1
{Article by Leano Mphotho]

[Text] Masunga: Although the Ministry of Agriculture is charged with the
responsibility of ensuring self-sufficiency in food production, the objective
was still far from being reached in Botswana.

This was said by the Assistant Minister of Agriculture, Mr Geoffrey Oteng,
when he officially opened the Masunga Agricultural Show in the North East
District on Friday.

He observed that the prolonged drought had resulted in recurring food shortages
in the country which had necessitated large imports of grains. These food
bills had been "a heavy strain on our national economy."

Mr Oteng noted that the projected cereal production this year was about 20,000
to 25,000 tonnes, while the demand was about 190,000 tonnes.

He disclosed that the deficit of 170,000 tonnes had to be imported at very
high costs. He also noted that the government would want to drastically reduce
the high import bill by encouraging local cereal production.

The Assistant Minister raied a concern that farmers seemed not quite keen
to take advantage of schemes initiated by the government to stimulate food
production in Botswana.

Mr Oteng however, expressed gratitude to the farmers in the North East District,
on account of the fact that 902 farmers made use of subsidy in ploughing.

He pointed out that the farmers used P87,000 on ploughing, distumping and

in the drought relief programme.

He however, assured farmers that the government was negotiating with trading
partners, within the Southern African Customs Union, about ways and means
of regulating the flow of vegetables and dairy products into Botswana.



*ESTIMATE OF OIL PRODUCTION JAN-MARCH 1985

("000 bd)
OPEC JAN FEB MAR JAN-MAR OUTPUT
AVERAGE CAPACITY

Middle-East OPEC 8,775 9,950 9,845 9,509 18,025
Nigeria 1,400 1,700 1,700 1,597 1,800
Total OPEC 15,165 16,760 16,625 16,164 26,825
Total Non-OPEC 22,194 22,249 22,405 22,284 —-
Total Free World 41,029 42,679 42,700 42,118
Total World 55,229 56,874 57,058 56,371 ---

*SOURCE: Petroleum Intelligence Weekly

CSOs 3400/646

50



CIVIL AVIATION NEARS BREAKTHROUGH

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Jun 85 p 32

[Article by Ciaran Ryan]

[Text]

CIVIL aviation in South
Africa is on the brink of
a major breakthrough.

Private airlines may soon
be be fying ala alongside, ide national
Zimbabwe se verwecn South
‘Africa and neighbouring
countries.

‘This follows an announce-
ment by the Minister of
Trans Hendrik Schoe-

cso: 3400/637

serviced by SAA.

‘There are a number of iS
tentially lucrative 0 routes

open to private air
not serviced aes
Johannes to the Victoria
aciba’ in Zim.

babwe, to Beira, Mozam-
Dique and to Maun, Bo-
tswana, among others.

Negotiate

Private carriers may also
negotiate with SAA to take
over its licences on routes to
Botswana, Lesotho and Swa-
iland.

Private carrier Comair’s
managing director, Pieter
told Business
Times that the feasibility of
flying to a number of destina-
tions in Mozambique, Zim-
hebre ‘and other neighbour-
ing countries was being
lored.

man, John Morrison,

: the com)
Tete at meek

thes for sense time, soeettme, Sad was

vexpanng is let of ir
craft to 13.

SAA stop) lis services to
Botswana, Swaziland and
sotho more than a year te
and allowed the national air-
lines of these countries to be
sole operators.
. But, in terms of the bilater-
‘al agreement, SAA is entitled
to fly 80% of the traffic and It
can resume fights to these
at any time, says

92

Jacques Germishuys, Deputy
Jacques Germishuys, Deputy

port.

“Any private airline can
now negotiate with SAA to
bot operating ons particular

ona
route. This represents a
major dej from
vious government policy,
wihich precluded private air-
lines from flying internation-

art there are sill no signs

of SAA's relinquishing ts vir
{ual monopoly on the domes-
ons ough some re-

yy not be too far

ate jegislation in
South Africa specifically pro-
hibits competition on domes-
tie air routes. Only one air-
ite on any one
is has given SAA
a virtual mono) on civil
aviation in Sout i

to Dr Jackie
walters, a senior lecturer in

transport economics at Rand
Afrikaans University, SAA’s
profit making. high-density
routes subsidise the loss-
making routes, resulting in
hi ices all round

ASA. ’s less profitable

routes such as the ones to
Kimberley, ‘Fast London,

rt Elizabeth, George and
Sher destinations shuld be
given to private airlines,

JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

which would be able to oper-
ate these services at a Profit,
allowing SAA to cut its losses
immediately.”

According to Dr Walters a
large proportion of SAA’S
domestic services run at a
loss. SAA recently announced
two additional flights a week
from Johannesburg to
Bloemfontein, two to George,
five'to Port Elizabeth and a
number of additional weekly
flights to East London.

's director of domestic
flights, Nic Viok, denied that
these routes were loss-mak-

centese flights cover their
direct costs — fuel arid main-
tenance.

Quality
“The reason we-have in-
creased the flights to Bloem-

Mr Viok said it was diffi-
cult to know whether the new
‘concept would prove success-
ful. It was hoped some road
travellers would be encour-
aged to go by air.

lost new services are
late-night flights on which

passengers travel for 50% of
e normal cost.



It is against this background that the government must plan its approach, The
demand is that it must choose between foreign friendship (or enmity) and
internal necessity.

Gaborone (Thursday night) and Windhoek (yesterday) demonstrate that the inter-
nal option must have preference.

12906
CSO: 3401/186

val


JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

IMPORTANCE OF WATER DISTRIBUTION PROJECTS DESCRIBED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 85 p 13

Text] Large-scale undertakings are being developed and planned by the People's
Republic of Mozambique so as to allow for a water supply, for both the capital
and for purposes of irrigation in farming regions, among other objectives.

This is due to the fact that the city of Maputo has recently undergone conside-
rable growth, which has made its system for impounding and supplying water
insufficient, among other reasons because of the meager volume of flow of the
Umbeluzi River. Hence, the Pequenos Libombos dam is a multiple use project,
the purpose of which is to supply water to Maputo and to irrigation, and flood

control.

In fact, the main importance of the Pequenos Libombos dam, considering the
complexity of the undertaking, lies in the fact that. the storage of water in
its reservoir will make it possible to regulate the volumes of flow from the
Umbeluzi River downstream of the dam. Therefore, this is the essential condi-
tion for supplying.the missing volumes required to reinforce the impoundment
of the present water supply for Maputo, anticipating, in the future, the use
of 7,000 cubic meters per hectare from the Umbeluzi River.

The Pequenos Libombos dam is located next to the Umbeluzi River, nearly 5
kilometers from Boane, in Maputo Province. It is an undertaking in which
Mozambique is benefiting from assistance given by Italy, Portugal, France

and Brazil.

With the second phase of the diversion, estimated in the middle of this year,
the water will start flowing through a flood wasteway, which will make it
possible to complete the central section of the earth dam, and possibly a
pre-storage of water in the reservoir. [Words missing from text], plans
call for the project to be completed by the end of next year.

According to reports, the total budget planned for this major undertaking is

4,500 billion meticals, at 1982 prices, of which sum nearly 600 million meticals
were spent as of April 1983.

32



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MACHEL VISITS SOVIET VESSEL--Yesterday morning, President Samora Machel paid a
visit to the Soviet man-of-war docked at a wharf in the port of Maputo to
commemorate the 25 June anniversary. "Here, on this vessel, we are
celebrating the military fraternity between our armies, which are defending
peace, civilization, scientific and technical development and culture," the
chief of state said during his visit. The president of the republic was
welcomed with a 21-gun salute as he mounted the gangway of the warship, and he
was welcomed by an honor guard made up of the crew of this Soviet naval
vessel. Samora Machel hailed the arrival of the vessel in Maputo to share in
the celebration of 10 years of national independence, "the great festival of
the people." He said that this visit provides a means of continuing the
celebration of the 40th anniversary of the triumph over fascism and Nazism.
"Although we may lack food and clothing, we will always have the
indestructible will of our people to triumph over current difficulties," the
chief of state said. And he added: “Our people are generous and industrious
Relying on our own strength and on the support of the Soviets and other
peoples of the world, we will triumph!" [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in
Portuguese 25 Jun p 32] 5157

cso: = 3442/329

44



JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RICHARDS BAY EXPANSION--Richards Bay.--Richards Bay Minerals, a major pro-
ducer of titania raw materials, is to spend an estimated R130-million on
expanding its mining and smelting facilities. Announcing this yesterday
the general manager, Mr R D MacPherson, said the expansion would include an
uprate of one mining plant and the construction of a third smelting furnace.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Jul 85 p 20]

WOOL PAYOUT--The Wool Board posted back payment cheques totalling R65,1-~
million to about 30 000 wool producers in South Africa yesterday. The pay-
ments include R7,8-million in interest earned on interim and back payment
monies. The Wool Board said the comparatively high back payment may be at-
tributed to a record season during which there was a continued worldwide
improvement in the demand for wool, as well as a sharp drop in the foreign
value of the rand. This meant that the gross wool cheque at the end of the
1984-85 season totalled R402,8-million--R122,3-million more than the pre-
vious season. There had been a 42 percent increase in the price of wool
compared with the previous season. Because of improved economic conditions
in the wool industry, the Wool Board had decided to impose a maximum levy
of five percent in order to boost the stabilisation fund. This would con-
tribute an additional R20,1-million to the fund. It will be the first time
in 11 years that the full five percent levey will be collected. The new
wool season begins on August 28. The Wool Board will decide on the size of
the advance payment for the new season at its meeting in Port Elizabeth in
August. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jul 85 p 23]

BOPHUTHATSWANA LEADER IN PARIS——As South Africa was being condemned this week
on three different votes in the UN Security Council, for the raid on Gaborone,
the Cabinda commando operation and the installation of an internal government
in Namibia, the European Parliament was opening its reception hall in Paris
to a press conference by Lucas Mangope, leader of South Africa's Bophuthatswana
homeland. Bophuthatswana is one of the tribal territories that South Africa
has dubbed independent but that are not recognized by any other country. Mr.
Mangope's private visit to France was aimed at attracting French investment.
CGE-Alsthom, Thomson-CSF, S-International and Aerospatiale are negotiating
various contracts with the homeland. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWS-
LETTER in English 29 Jun 85 p 2]

CSO: 3400/669

113



JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

NIGERIA

CRUDE OIL EXPORT EXPERIENCING SLUMP
Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 1 Jul 85 p 1
[Article by Ndu Ughamadu]

[Text] Data submitted by Nigeria to the Taif meeting of the Organisation
of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in the first week of June
showed that export sales averaged 1 million barrels a day (mbd) in the last
three weeks of May and a full month's figure of about 1.2 mbd.

The June edition of the UBA monthly Business and Economic Digest (BED)
made available to the Business Times said: "This situation would result
in oil output at or below the OPEC ceiling of 1.45 mbd for Nigeria, not
much change is expected for the rest of the summer."

The BED added that according to reliable sources, crude oil output by the
13 member nations of OPEC fell to a 20 year low of 14.5 mbd in May and June.

The estimated output in April was 16.2 mbd, giving the second-quarter an
average of 15.1 mbd. In a similar development the Petroleum Intelligence
Weekly said that the slump in the market price of crude oil was threatening
the one million dollar counter-trade deal between Nigeria and the French
trading house SCOA.

Under the April countertrade agreements, Elf--the French state oil company
is to lift 50,000 b/d of Nigerian crude for one year worth 500 million
dollars. In return Nigeria will import sundry goods worth 500 million
dollars.

The contracts provide that the Nigerian crude is purchased at official
price, but with provisions to safeguard Elf from any loss in the transaction.

However, after agreement on price and start-up of deliveries, the sudden
decline in market price has made the deal unworkable in its current talks
with NNPC, Petroleum Intelligence weekly reported.

In recent weeks, the gap between official and spot prices has been widening
the losses.

49



. JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

NIGERIA

OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS NEED UPDATING
Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 17 Jun 85 p 24

{Text] Most oil producing and marketing companies operating in the
country are yet to update their oil spill contingency plans for 1985 to
ensure adequate stockpile of spill control equipment and other combat
measures, according to a News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) investigation.

The contingency plans suggested at the 1979 international seminar on "the
oil industry and the Niger Delta environment" in Port Harcourt are subject
to annual activation and review by the Inspectorate Division of the NNPC to
test oil companies' preparedness during oil spills.

Oil industry sources told NAN in Lagos last week that only Mobil Nigeria
Ltd and Agip Nigeria Ltd had updated their plans to 1985 of the eight major
marketing companies.

The defaulting six are: Total AP, National Oil, Elf, Texaco Nigeria Ltd
and UNIPETROL, as well as the environmental Protection Service Department
(EPSD) of the NNFC.

NAN gathered that unlike the oil producing companies, those marketing
petroleum products had not considered it necessary to draw up oil spill
contingency plans.

NAN further learnt that the oil producing sector, only Mobile, which also
runs Tenneco's mining concessions, had updated its plan to 1985, while
the other eight producing companies had their plans dated up to 1983 and
1984.

"The NNPC and the three refineries are also lagging behind in their
updating," the source said.

A NAN correspondent who covered the activation of the contingency plans

of two oil producing companies last week off the delta area, reports that
officials of Gulf Oil and Texaco Overseas told a three-man NNPC inspector-
ate team that their updated plans would be ready this month.

45



What, then, is the choice before the colored electorate--to accept a watered-
down presence in a white party that has no possibililty of gaining power, or
to maintain and assert a voice of its own?

At this stage it is clear that the second choice will best avail the colored
groups, because the task of advancement still lies ahead and there is un-
doubtedly advantage to be derived from a policy of alliance

Later it may be different, and the colored leadership, as well as the National
Party, may reconsider their position, But the test will be whether the gap
between Colored and White has narrowed sufficiently.

It may be hoped that it is a truth of politics that people usually vote their
own interests, given calm and a chance to weigh matters well. It is only
confusion, then, that stirs up emotions and ideololgies, and that prevents
enlightened consideration.

A great task now rests on the shoulders of the National Government--to endure
that discrimination against South Africa's colored voters ends and that they
are permitted to advance in all areas of society. In such a climate, they
will choose wisely.

12906
CSO: 3401/186

74



35-070

-SSAq
IPRS: 1985

9 August

SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION SLAMS BAN ON ACTIVISTS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jul 85 p 2
{Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text] had created an internat- the visit by the group
OPPOSITION political jonal incident by acting were made last month,
parties have severely criti- against the would-be visi- but South Africa had only
cised the South African tors as they were about to acted to stop the visit
Government for its “last- embark for South Africa. when the group reached
minute action against ‘The New Republic Par- the airport.
nine Irish and one British ty, however, condemned ch Mink
anti-apartheid activists. tye actions of the Irish in, Ut Minister of State

Mr Tian van der wanting to visit South James O'Ke Ata
Merwe, MP for Green- ‘Africa This country James OKeef, told the
point ‘and Progressive Could not afford to allow ‘ish parliament this wee
Federal Party spokesman Sctivists ‘to exploit the tat the Government was
on Home Affairs, com- situation here, said the Ost Coneemed at the
mented: “It appears the pany’ Home Affairs ,afbitrary exclusion” of
Government has some- Spokesman, Mr Brian {be Soup fom the cus.
thing to hide. This sort of Page. revealed arrani gements
action is incomprehensi- Clarity was still being ‘2t_aPPly. between the
ble to other democratic sought at Government le. W° Countries:
countries.” anim. Vel yesterday as to _ Mr Stoffel Botha, Min-

He referred to “an im- whether the Irish Govern- ister of Home Affairs,
mature, defensive and al- ment had formally acted said the group was 12.
most paranoic attitude” the South African embas- fused entry into South
by the Department of syin London for anexpla- Africa because they were

Home Affairs in acting at nation of the action. part of “an underhand

the last moment to refuse = The Irish Government ploy to embarrass the

entry ta the activists. nat expressed its anger at the South African Govern-
lamoo Rajab, nat- fact that it.”

ional seer ot Solidar. it arrangements for ment

ity, described the action
as “stupid.” South Africa
had nothing to hide, yet

CSO: 3400/664

84



able to resolve the problems. But it is necessary in fact to prepare well for
the work, to organize and to plan in an integrated fashion.

Distribution has greatly to do with production, but defense also has an
important role to play in our planning.

NOTICIAS: The province has a long coastline but has few maritime transport
vessels. In particular, the port of Quelimane itself shows serious signs of
silting up. Is something going to be done so that maritime or river
transportation will be possible?

Mario da Graca Machungo: There were lighters which did not operate for many
years and which are now beginning to be rehabilitated. We must make better
use of them. The province, mainly Lower Zambezia, has a tremendous potential
for river transport, and we must equip ourselves to recover the lighters and
utilize ship construction facilities to produce wooden vessels.

Our plans include navigation using sailing vessels, to save fuel, and thereby
we can make greater use of river navigation, even for transporting copra. A
significant effort has already been made at the Madal and Boro enterprises to
dredge channels which were used in the past for the transport of copra from
the interior. Even lacking mechanical equipment, the workers were mobilized.

Currently, we can already reach the interior via certain channels and bring
out the copra.

This work must be continued. We must use all of the means within our reach.
We must use the Mocuba railroad and make Mocuba into the locomotive turntable
for all the transportation on the North-South route in our province.

We have established that Mocuba should be the center for all highway
transport, which will save fuel and other supplies. We will concentrate the
storage of products in Mocuba, from which highway transportation will branch
to provide delivery to Lower Zambezia. .

NOTICIAS: Are we thus now seeing the establishment of spheres of influence
and major decentralization with regard to the provincial government?

Mario da Graca Machungo: The idea of creating priority zones for development
emerged in order to find homogeneous regions in which we can establish an
integrated development policy, such as to allow us to define more effectively
how to concentrate transportation, production and defense facilities and what
type of more specialized production we can carry out. We must know what the
key economic activity of this region is and what should have priority in all
necessary aspects, and we must give the districts a certain authority so that
they can plan supplementary activities which will contribute to the priority
areas.

But this decentralization should not mean that there is no central planning.

This is a principle which the president defined--joint planning, decentralized
implementation.

39



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTI AFRICA

STUDENTS TOLD OF ANGER IN TOWNSHIPS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Jul 85 p 17

{Article by Susan Pleming]

[Text] ‘The level of organisation among resi- educator and an inspiration to all.”
dents in the townships was immense He described Mr Goniwe as a threat
and anger towards the Government to the. Government because he had
mounted daily, according to the pub- been such a good organiser.
licity secretary of the United Demo- On the level of organisation and po-
cratic Front in the Eastern Cape, Mr liticisation among black people, Mr
Stone Sizane. Sizane said people in the Eastern

Delivering the opening address at Cape town of Adelaide were boycot-
the National Union of South African ting shops, because shopkeepers were
Students’ annual festival at the Uni- signing up in the reserve force and
versity of the Witwatersrand last entering the townships.
night , Mr Sizane said black people The so-called conflict between the
had declared war against the rulers of Azanian Peoples’ Organisation and
South Africa. ‘ the United Democratic Front was un-

“The South African Government true, he said.
may win some battles, but they have The UDF had not declared Azapo as
no hope of winning this war,” he told the enemiy. The enemy was apartheid
about 350 students. and the present Government.

The president of Nusas, Mr Brendan “Some people still hope that the
Barry, said the festival had been dedi- Bothas and Malans will have a change
cated to Mr Matthew Goniwe. of heart and give over the land to be

shared by those who work on it.
ORGANISER “The people are saying let us gov-

“This festival takes place in a ern ourselves.
sombre atmosphere. Matthew was an “We must find a non-racial demo-

cratic system.”.

cso: 3400/652

109



Western World. To tell you the truth, when we believe we are right the
Western World can say what it wants. Go Hang. We will do what is in the
interests of our people."

The Prime Minister said Mr Nkomo was using rebels to intimidate the Ndebele

people to gain their support. "That has got to stop, If Zapu-PF won't
stop it, then Zapu-PF will be stopped by us. It is that simple," he said.

Insurgents

Matabeleland has been troubled by insurgents the government says have
murdered more than 300 civilians in three years,

Mr Mugabe said the government would vigorously pursue its socialist policies
and steer the country to one-party rule as soon as possible,

"We are for unity of the people and we want them united under a political
umbrella, which is Zanu-PF., The other parties will stand invalidated and
only one party will remain," he said without giving details.

csO: 3400/669

118



JPRS-SSA- 85-070

9 August 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

ANGOLA

Population Reportedly Suffering From Malnutrition, Hunger
(Michael Rank; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 21 Jun 85)........

Briefs
Cooperation Agreement Signed Between ANGOP, AZAP

BENIN

Student Disorders, Minister's Removal Examined
(Lucien Houedanou; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 19-25 Jun 85)........

BOTSWANA

Drought Responsible for Large Import Bills
(Leano Mphotho; DAILY NEWS, 27 Jun 85).csccseseccccecevecs

COMOROS
Briefs
Hydropower on Anjouan
DJIBOUTIL
Briefs
Hassan Bokko Detained
Journalists Suspended
ETHIOPIA
Briefs

Hard Times for WSLF

10

I
a

12



JPRS=SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT NOTED

Pretoria SALVO in English May 85 pp

[Text]

SPIN-OFFS in related or even unrelated
industries are frequently mentioned when
the terms-talk turns to the armaments in-
dustry. A good example of such a direct
spin-off for the private sector has been
the specification of a plastic mould or
gasket around the armoured glass win-
dows of certain military vehicles. Pilking-
ton Shatterprufe Safety Glass (Pty) Limit-
ed is the company concerned with the
making of such plastic moulds.

Mr Ralph Hahn, presently Divisional
Manager: A-vehicles at Armscor, was
directly involved in writing this particular
specification for such a mould which has
resulted in some pioneer work being
done.

“I never imagined that such a formid-
able operation would develop from a
military specification”, said Mr Hahn

According to Mr -Red McKechnie.
General Manager of Shatterprufe's Plas-
tics Division, the initial operation began
in 1974 when bullet resisting glass was
encapsulated with a polyurethane gasket
This allowed the company to avoid the
costly sawing of edges using diamond
bits. A mixing and metering machine was
consequently purchased in 1979, adding
another dimension to this purpose
Another advantage to the manufacturer
was that the process virtually eradicated
transport losses.

Manufacture of automotive equipment
started when a large motor manufacturer
was let down by the suppliers of bumper
strips for a specific model in 1980. Shat-
terprufe agreed to help. This marked the
beginning of a thriving plastics division

16-15

102

which presently manufactures complete
bumpers, bumper ends, side strips. a
novel window moulding and a variety of
other practical and cosmetic motor and
truck components.

Mr McKechnie explains that the term
plastic must be seen as a generic term like
medicine. The particular kind of plastic
involved here is polyurethane which is
built of polyol and iso cyanate. The final
product is formed inside the mould by
means of high pressure injection into the
mould. The process is referred to as
Reaction Injection Moulding or RIM for
short.

There are various reasons for the
growth in plastics application in the mo-
tor industry. According to Mr McKech-
nie it does not damage easily on impact,
is non-corrosive, there is the economy of
mass and ease of assembly. With plas-
tics you also have the flexibility of any de-
sign. Car manufacturers like to change
and the cost of steel moulds is very high.
compared with plastic moulds.

A significant factor when dealing with
an automotive assembly plant is the ef-
fect of local content based on mass. The
South African local content rebate actu-
ally inhibits the introduction of plastics in
many cases.

Mr McKechnie is of the opinion that
colour will play an increasingly important
role in plastic development. This is par-
ticularly the case in external automotive
external parts where styling seems to
favour body colours. The technology of
painting plastic parts has improved
materially and the finished products can
be most attractive.


JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SCHLEMMER ARTICLE ON BLACK FRUSTRATION
MB140931 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 14 Jul 85 p 11

farticle by Professor Lawrence Schlemmer, extracted from the winter issue of
INDICATOR SA, published by the Center for Applied Social Sciences of the
University of Natal: "Anatomy of Frustration and the Way to Treat It"'/

/Excerpt/ Since last. August there have been thousands of reported cases of unrest
or confrontations between rioters and police.

Mobs of youths and young adults numbering up to 3,000 have been involved.
Serious damage has included the destruction by fire or otherwise of more than
160 public buildings, 300 private homes of black city councillors or police,
and 1,600 buses and vehicles.

In the 9 months to the end of April, 381 people died and 1,497 people were
wounded,

Most of the death and injuries occurred as a result of police action, but 82
deaths and 559 injuries were a consequence of civilian violence on others.

Most tragic have been incidents of demonstrators killing and publicly burning
fellow community members loosely accused of siding with the authorities.

In the period R3l-million of damage was done to buildings and R12-million to
vehicles. The hidden costs to the country are even higher.

Unlike the unrest of 1976/77, adult householder protests over rents and busfare
increases have been a substantial feature of the current unrest in its early

stages.

Also unlike the 1976/77 disturbances, the unrest has acquired a highly political
falvor; the initial increase was a response to the elections for the new
tricameral parliament.

Furthermore, a more audible articulation of revolutionary aims is characteristic
of the current unrest than was the case in 1976/77.

62



from Nigeria while capital goods (machineries and equipments), consumer
goods, spare parts, oil products are imported from Brazil.

Nigeria/Brazil cooperation spans a wide field covering agriculture,
commerce, industry, technology, energy, culture, education and social
development. In connection with agriculture, Nigeria shares with Brazil
similar climatic conditions and with Brazil's vast experience in modern
intensive agriculture which enables it to feed her teeming population
(120 million) as well as boost export in food, it is hoped that Nigeria
will benefit from the cooperation agreement. Brazilian technology is
adaptable and simple in design.

Industrial cooperation is limited to the supply of capital goods mainly
machineries, equipment, spare parts and technological transfer in form of
training for industrial personnel. In terms of investment capital and
participation in large scale industrial projects, Brazil is hampered by
its liquidity problem. The country is saddled with a crippling foreign
debt of 98 billion and is acutely short of foreign exchange.

In the circumstance the country has little capital resources to invest.
Nevertheless there are sizeable number of Brazilian firms engaged in small,
medium industrial projects and the double taxation agreement signed by
both countries is aimed at facilitating joint industrial ventures by
removing any obstacles which might hinder collaboration.

The scope of energy cooperation covers agreement for the supply of 10,000
barrels of Nigeria oil per day to Brazil on commercial basis. A contract
signed early in 1984 between NNPC and Petrobras (Brazil's equivalent to
NNPC) allows the importation of 110,000 barrels of oil per day by Brazil
for refining.

CSO: 3400/646

8



KREDITINFORM REPORTS IMPROVED CREDIT PERFORMANCE

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Jun 85 p

(Text]

ALTHOUGH liquidations and sequestrations
reached record highs in January and February,
there are signs that the credit tide has turned.
Kreditinform, which compiles statistics on the
current payment performance of various sectors,

reports that for the,
first time in many
months, all indicators
show an improvement.

The information supplied
by creditors in six different
industry groupings on more
than R200-million, represent-
ing 15.000 debtors, shows an
improvement in the payment :
of overdue accounts.

“But signs of improvement
must not be interpreted as
reason for dropping one's
guard,” warns Rob Campbell,
Kreditinform director.

“Much of the pressure be-
ing brought to bear on busi-
nesses is a result of cash flow
problems because of under-
capitalisation,” he says.

Poor planning °

“Many businesses are find- ‘
ing themselves relying in-
creasingly on costly trade
credit to keep functioning.”

Managing of debtors is
also not up to standard, main-
ly because there is a lack of
sophisticated financial plan- :

ning
ichard Stother, of Dun

and Bradstreet, says more ,

than 40 percent of mest com-
panies’ assets are debtors.

“In most cases, they are
not being managed with the
importance they warrant,”
he says.

“Normal business rules
rere thrown to the wind dur-
ing le euf i
1919/80 boom” of the

CSO: 3400/637

The result is that creditors
are being faced with huge
outstanding debts and are
forced to resort to costly

trade credit which must be —

paid back over shorter
periods than before.

David Rennie, a Cape

Town liquidator, says: the
main reason for the spate of
bankruptcies is that com-
panies are too highly geared
and borrowings are too ex-
pensive to continue to sup-
port because of high interest
rates.”
If businesses fail to ade-
quately assess the amount of
credit that can be absorbed
and repaid within a given
period of time, costly capital
will continue to erode profit
margins.

Credit information agen-
cies therefore face the chal-
lenge of developing systems
to cope with the demand for
data necessary to assess
debtors before extending
credit facilities.

“The systems will also
have to deal with a new set of
debtors operating in the se-
miformal sector of our eco-
nomy, whose credit rating
cannot necessarily be as-
sessed on the basis of existing
systems,” says Mr Campbell.

Better techniques should
be developed to deliver the
information.

Businesses should get used
to dealing with many differ-
ent types of entrepreneurs,
some of whom cannot be as-
sessed on the basis of their
balance sheets alone.

The speed with which cred-

8

JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

“SOUTH AFRICA

it information can be deliv-
ered is a crucial factor in the
competitive business envi-
ronment.

Creditors will have to
change their approach to
debtors. Instead of viewing
liquidation as a first option to
recovering debts, they should
consider extending credit
periods with a view to sal-
vaging the operation.

ir Campbell points to a
recent example where credi-
tors faced with the option of
liquidating a R26-million

, goods outlet chose instead to

extend its repayment period,
saving hundreds of jobs and
the company.

Customers can also be as-
sisted by creditors from get-
ting deeper into debt through
regular monitoring of debt-
ors’ payment patterns.

Neville Rubenstein, an-
other Cape Town-based liqui-
dator, feels there is already a
positive trend developing in
this direction.

“Greater effort is being
made by creditors towards
supporting debtors,” he says.

Interest

While this makes sound
business sense, he warns that
creditors must analyse the
companies they are going to
support and ensure that “they
are not throwing good money
after bad”,

Mr Rubenstein shares the
view that high interest rates
and poor financial control
are major factors.



them to abandon communal life, so that they would thus become easy targets
for enemy attack. Recently, however, scattered bands, which are therefore
easy to eliminate, and some elements in the population taking advantage of the
situation, have made attempts to destabilize some communal settlements," this

provincial leader added.

Concerning the negative effects armed banditry might have had on productive
activity, Alberto Chipande said that, except for the withdrawal of some
cooperative workers from the production units for security reasons, the enemy
actions have had no effect on the economic life of the province.

"Even in these production units, Mozambican cadres promptly completed the
reestablishment of the plan threatened by the withdrawal of some cooperative
workers," he said.

5157
CSO: 3442/329



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MADAGASCAR

NEW INVESTMENT CODE EXAMINED
Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 22 Jun 85 p 3

[Text]

The approval of the investment code last week by the People's National
Assembly is expected to be followed shortly by spectacular decisions by
the Madagascar government, The government may announce soon that certain
enterprises, among those that were nationalized shortly after President
RATSIRAKA came to power 10 years ago, will be returned to private hands.
Information obtained by the INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER indicates that the
first of these would likely be ROSU, one of the main trading companies in
the island and formerly the Compagnie Marseillaise de Madagascar under
the BESSON family.

Negotiations over about the past year conducted by the former Malagasy
ambassador to France, Henri RAHARIJAONA, with the very influential French
trading and industrial group Compagnie Frangaise de l'Afrique
Qccidentale, have reached fruition with an overall investment agreement
that provides for CFAQ to buy out at least part of the capital of ROSO.
The CFAQ group - which employs more ‘than 21,000 persons worldwide and
which had consolidated turnover of 11.2 billion French francs (about 1.09
billion dollars) in 1983 - is currently present in Madagascar only
through SOMIA (Société Malgache d'Industrie et d'Agriculture) which has
sisal, cocoa and cotton plantations. CFAO is well represented in Réunion,
where it holds a 92.9 per cent share in Marseillaise de Madagascar L.
BESSON, and a small share in SOBORIZ.

Another big French trading group, SCOA - which had a turnover of 7.3
billion French francs in 1983 - is closely watching developments, as it
has had interests in the island for a long time. SCOA once owned the
Compagnie Lyonnaise and managed to hold on to a 33 per cent share in the
company that succeeded it at nationalization, SOMACODIS. SCOA also holds
50.98 per cent of an automotive subsidiary, SICAM.

I.0.N. - Since his return to Madagascar a little more than a year ago,
anbassador RAHARIJAQNA has played a key role alongside President
RATSIRAKA. The former diplomat and Wirina ANDRIAMANERASOA, special
adviser to the president and head of Air Madagascar, are behind the
new economte orientation of the regime. (Mr. RAHARIJAONA is also the
official in the presidency responsible for the DGID, the political
police.) Mr. RAHARIJAONA completely reworked the investment code,
after foreign investors doubted that the first version adopted by the
Supreme Revolutionary Councillors was favorable enough. It was largely
the struggle over the wording of the code that delayed its final
adoption by several months.

C50. 3400/635 18



JPRS~SSA~-85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEDBANK CHAIRMAN SLAMS DISINVESTMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 4 Jul 85 p 23

{Text} (A. CONSEQUENCE considered fully by the
of the disinvestment advocates of economic
campaign may well be sanctions against South
to unite the countries Africa: The question is,
of Southern Africa how would the damage

inst mon that disinvestment would
against a com! inflict on South Africa af-
threat. fect the other countries in
Looking at the possible the sub-continental_re-
consequences of disin- gion?

vestment, Mr Owen Hor-
wood, chairman of the
Nedbank Group, told the
Swiss/SA Association in
Zurich that “South Afri-
ca, simply, is the power-

“South Africa, after
all, produces three-quar-
ters of the total output of
Southern Africa. Hun-
dreds of thousands of

house economy of the re- people from neighbouring
gion — and we all know states are employed in
what happens when a South Africa.”
powerhouse begins to Lesotho, landlocked by
function less effectively. South Africa, was absolu-
“I would not be all sur- tely dependent on South
prised if this kind of event Africa. So, to varyingly
(disinvestment) brings the significant degrees, were
neighbours more~ciosely Botswana, Mozambique,
together and fosters more Swaziland, Zambia and
meaningful economic co- Zaire.
Operation against the « ee
common tes souk’ Aainiatin
He said the zealots" — capabilities will affect
claim that disinvesment these countries too, one
-policies will_ “punish” wonders whether the US
South Africa was true but Congress will vote mil-
he asked if these people lions for food, for re-
had considered who else habilitation and transport
would feel the sting. services and another in-
es frastructure for these
vedtment Policies oftn countries as a, necessary
forgot, the. far-reaching Hider to the disinvestment

economic and social con-

bad socal con People who deliber-

ne ately set out, knowingly
policies had on those they and intentionally, to dis-
never intended to hurt — aot the economy of
the unskilled labourers Pn ALi y

_ laboure South Africa — for what-
and those neighbouring
countries which despera-
tely needed economic

ever motivation — are
contributing not to a
speeding up, but to a

‘support. slowing down of econom-

_ “The following ques- - ic growth and so to the
tion naturally springs to process of non-violent
mind, but is usually not change.”

cso: 3400/637 101



A-857070

-SS.
JPRS: 1985

9 August

MOZAMBIQUE

MAHATE SAWMILL PLANS TO INCREASE EXPORTS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 85 p 16

[Text] The Mahate sawmill, in Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, plans to export
over 1,500 tons of various types of wood this year, a figure that will be
500 tons over the volume last year. Opened in February 1984, the Mahate
sawmill, which belongs to the Cabo Delgado Lumber Enterprise, employs 350
workers and has the capacity to produce 20 cubic meters of lumber daily. It
is the only one of its kind in the country.

The Mahate sawmill, the name by which this enterprise is known, is a unit of
great economic value, because it represents a major contribution to the lumber
sector, and not just in Cabo Delgado Province.

Its entry into operation quadrupled the lumber sawing capacity in the province,
and ensured the accrual of foreign exchange, in addition to avoiding the export
of large volumes of lumber in the form of logs, which is detrimental to the
country's economy, according to the sawmill director, Agostinho Lisboa.

Located on the outskirts of the city of Pemba, the Mahate sawmill is equipped
with a new plant, consisting of a horizontal band saw, two vertical band saws,
a circular saw and two trimmers.

Its activity is assisted by a grinding shop, consisting of a welding machine,
sharpener and a teeth setter, as well as a separate electric power plant with
two generators, and other equipment making it the only one of its kind anywhere
in the country.

To supply logs of wood, it has five cutting areas, each with its lumber quality
and a movable sawmill. The qualities of wood processed in this unit are
umbita, chanfuta and jambirre. At the present time, an experimental phase is
under way for exporting blackwood in log form.

Operating on a demanding international market, on which lumber with the slightest
defect is rejected, its workers are required to have a certain sensitivity toward
accuracy in the work performed.

Agostinho Lisboa added: "For this reason, in addition to the equipment with high
technology made available, we have at our disposal workers with good experience,

30



JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

VIOLENCE WILL ONLY END WITH 'OPENENDED NEGOTIATIONS’
MB141004 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 14 Jul 85 p 11

Text] Political violence in South Africa has escalated during the past 12
months to levels never before experienced, inviting comparison to countries
such as Northern Ireland, Lebanon and Iran.

This is the finding of INDICATOR SA researcher, Mr Graham Howe, who analyzed
the current spate of civil unrest in the winter 1985 edition.

Mr Howe suggested that the nationwide assault on African local government by
township dissidents culd well reflect to a proactive extension of the militant
noncollaboration tradition, representing a major shift away from the more pas-
sive boycott and stayaway forms of protest.

The short-term triggers of current unrest indicated by Mr Howe included.

--The levying of rents and service chargest by newly-constituted community
councils.

--Police and army conduct.

The excessive use of force against rioting mobs.

The arrests and detentions of leaders.

--The activist factionalism and internal power struggles over organizational
loyalties and tactics.

Mr Howe said that if the black townships had not been geographically isolated
and apartheid policies had not created effective security cordons, the conflict
would have been much closer to the "inner white cities."

He warned that the cycle of violence will only end if the government is prepared
to initiate openended negotiations with a range of authentic black leaders and
the new system of control government included black participation.

He listed two major cycles of unrest, the first being from September to November
last year in the Vaal Triangle over the rent issues, and the second beginning

in January this year, and still continuing, with its epicenter in the Eastern
Cape.

111



Sugar, which represented more than 80 percent of exports value in 1979,
still represented 73 percent in 1983. The price of a kilogram of sugar
exported remained relatively stable for the 2 years: 19 francs in 1979 and
under 20 francs in 1983. Ah, single crop, when you get your hold on us!

This situation could not exist and continue were not Reunion a French
department and if major financial transfers were not met by France (budget,
social, etc.). If Reunion were independent, it would already be under the
control of the IMF: everyone, on the right and on the left, knows this, and no
one envisages changing an economy that is unreal or merely potential.

Difficult Road

The independentists are right to say--or should say: "As long as France
retains the management of Reunion island, no other can be created...” And in
fact, more and more Reunion people seem to be aware of the vicious eircle--or
slipknot--in which the island's economy is held: to those in the system
without private resources the solution of independence appears more and more
as a difficult road, burdensome, but as the only one that in the long run
offers prospects for regional or island development in dignity.

Who are these people without private resources? Most of the youth, those who
cannot gain access to the public service and its 40 percent bonus,{2} and
those who are doomed to unemployment, official or not. Their number can only
grow in all elements of society, and their demands are becoming more and more

insistent on the economic level.

For the moment, it appears that the needs have not been formulated in
political terms because there is no margin available at that level. They are
expressed by the movements, by cracks in the heart of the dominant Reunion
political system. Deputy Fontaine's transfer to the National Front--which
thus marks the entry of the Le Pen group in the National Assembly--simply
demonstrates the nature of the ideas being conveyed by the opposition in the
overseas departments. What appears to us more important is the emergence
within the Right of a genuinely liberal and innovative current, taking action
at the regional level and concerned for Reunion economic development. The
head of Industrielle Sucriere de Bourbon (ISB) is no doubt the prototype of
this group, but he is not the only one. This faction of ownership is
inevitably in opposition to the old beneficiaries of the import trade whose
only function is to recycle the public funds paid by France for their own
profit.

This new Reunion petty bourgeoisie is in revolt against the immigration of the
"zoreilles"--or people from mainland France--who totaled 5,700 in 1967 and
more than 21,000 in 1982: they fill the managing posts in the public sector
(60 percent), the private sector, the army and the police (50 percent), the
professions (40 percent), etc.

54



cso:

3400/652

tonishment” at the report’s
findings.

HANDPICKED

HNP leader Mr Jaap Marais
said the 28 members of the
main HSRC committee which
researched group relations
were “handpicked to ensure a
report that would contradict
public opinion”.

“This report is astonishing in
the light of HSRC survey pub-
lished only nine months ago
which showed 80 percent of
Afikaners were in favour of up-
holding separate structures for
the various races. It showed
that some 60 percent of all
whites were in favour of such
separate racial structures.

“The council in its present
report does not take any ac-
count of its own findings made
last year, but instead sets out
to prepare the ground for im-
posing the system that is em-
phatically rejected by the ma-
jority of the white nation.”

Mr Marais warned that the
HSRC would become “em-
broiled in heated political de-
bates” not conducive to scien-
tific research.

The Government has not yet
reacted to the report, which
criticises influx control and
population registration.

108

‘The leader of the Progress-
ive Federal Party, Dr van Zyl
Slabbert, said: “What is urgent-
ly needed is the restoration of
freedom of association on dll
levels of society.

“The Nationalist Party has
neither the ability nor the man-
power to bring this about on its
own. ‘

“There is an urgent need for
a broadly-based Government to
heal the wounds of the past and
to work towards a negotiated
constitution which will include
all South Africans on the basis
‘of one common citizenship with
no statutory discrimination or
racial domination.

“The longer this Government
postpones bringing about such
a situation the more certain
the predictions of the HSRC's
report will be.” >



spns~ssa-85-07°
Fawgust 19

SOUTH AFRICA

REPEAL OF POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ACT SETS UP FIGHT FOR VOTES
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 24 Jun 85 p 8

[Column "In My View" by Otto Krause: “Great Task Falls on Shoulders of NP in
New Game" ]

[Text] With che installation of our tricameral parliament, South Africa has
already committed itself to a new game, The political cards are now being
reshuffled by the repeal of the Prohibition of Political Interference Act,
and a new set of questions is up for discussion.

How the party political struggle is going to unfold from now on is an impor-
tant subject for contemplation, since it will clearly leave a stamp on the
future.

And one can accurately speak of a struggle ahead. Up till now there has been
little true competition in our party politics, with the National Party domi-
nating the field for many years. Henceforth it is again a fight

It will be a struggle for the soul of the white voter and for the soul of the
colored voter, with the Blacks increasingly involved. Moreover there will be
a significant interaction among the electorates, which will call for an excep-
tional degree of integrity (as well as sound thinking) on the part of our
politicians.

That the National Party has actually emerged from its stronghold among the
white voters into the new field of competition is a sign not only of self-
confidence but also of deep seriousness with respect to the process of reform.

It would have been much easier for the NP to have kept the prohibition of
political interference on the statute book so as to proceed peacefully with
the old political arrangement. But no, it continues to champion its vision
for South Africa and is ready to allow that idea to be tested on a broader
field where everyone can compete

The new order of battle is already known. With the repeal of the law, the NP

announced that it would not recruit members from among colored and Indian
voters. The CP [Conservative Party] did likewise. On the other hand the

72



"These two factors have created a certain amount of lack of motivation among
the producers, because regardless of how much the production units yield,

and regardless of how much the cooperative, family and private sectors exceed
their goals, the lack of transportation prevents the products from being
removed on time, and, without bags, it is impossible to pack the products.
Fuel also plays a major role, both in the removal and in the factory, whose
power plant consumes nearly 90 liters of gas oil per hour."

He claims that the lack of. incentives for labor, such as soap, sugar and

clothing, has had a negative effect on the harvesting, because the population
does not have incentives for harvesting cotton in the production units.

2909
CSO: 3442/332

24



IJPRS-SSA~85~-07€
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RESIGNATION OF GENERALS SAID TO SIGNAL END TO ACTIVE DEFENSE
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 12 Jun 85 pp 1, 13

[Article: "Generals out of Army Because of Jonas Savimbi? First
Van Deventer, Now Viljoen"]

[Text] The sudden resignation of the head of the Army,
General Constand Viljoen, is clearly closely connected
with the withdrawal of South African help to the
Angolan rebel movement UNITA.

This is the interpretation that those in the know are giving General Viljoen's
unexpected resignation as Army chief, notwithstanding that he is only 52
and has not yet reached retirement age.

General Viljoen's retirement follows closely on the strange appointment
of Maj Gen A.J. van Deventer, the secretary of the State Security Board,
as ambassador to the Ciskei.

General van Deventer was the architect of the Army's successful strategy
of crippling the enemy by lightning strikes in neighboring states and
lending support to anti-communist movements such as Dr Savimbi's. This
strategy is known as "active defense" in military circles, and experts
see the ousting of the two generals as an indication that the Republic
has abandoned this strategy. General van Deventer's stepping down
followed on Mr P.W. Botha's last discussion with the American special
envoy Dr Chester A. Crocker, who is bitterly opposed to the South
African strategy of active defense.

General Viljoen's resignation, shortly on the heels of the Cabinda
incident, has caused increasing concern among security experts. General
Viljoen was a brilliant leader with such an exemplary dedication to his
task that they find it difficult to believe that he resigned voluntarily.
His retirement is above all linked with Dr Crocker's longstanding attempts
to detach South Africa from UNITA, a task which acquired new urgency
after the failure of the Cabinda operation.

90



Mobilizing Theme

However, on 6 May the demonstrations that were in the process of involving all
the schools in the strike movement rapidly turned to violence and vandalism.
An atmosphere of virtual rebellion prevailed in the country. One traveler
coming from Cotonou reported that demonstrators had used teargas grenades
One rumor even had it that arms had disappeared from certain barracks in the
country. Hence the hypothesis, regarded by some as a certainty, that beyond
the student strike something more serious was being prepared, that there might
be hidden support... Nothing has been proved in this connection.

What appears to us certain is that the main motive for the student uprising
was itself a very mobilizing theme. In addition to the specific problems at
the university, there was the problem of after-school prospects. For the
present, the situation is certainly not as serious as in certain countries
such as Senegal, Togo and Ivory Coast. On 10 April the cabinet moved to
assign students having completed training to the ministries and public
services. However, this assignment came rather late, since most of the
graduates had already been unemployed since the end of the previous school
year, in other words, for some 10 months. To some extent admitting its
difficulties in bringing all higher education graduates into the job force,
the government then stated that it could not longer guarantee a job for
students on school completion.

In the view of many people, this announcement was a serious blunder by the
Benin government. A young Senegalese who was in Cotonou during the stormiest
days of May told us in this connection: "Here in Senegal the situation is
worse; but the students have never revolted because the government has not
told them it can no longer find a job for everyone; it simply tries to
progressively place in jobs whomever it can place."

Tactical Error

In other words, the Benin government may have been the victim of its own
frankness. One may even wonder whether the education level will show a
significant drop, since parents may ask themselves why they should spend money
to send children to school if in the end there is an impasse, or even the
certainty of unemployment.

On the basis of what information we now have, we conclude that there was thus
a collective responsibility of the government in the current crisis and due to
a tactical error.

However, the view of high Beninese officials is quite different. According to
an AFP [French News Agency] dispatch, at its 31 May special session--at which
the reopening of schools was decided, the PRPB central committee asked "the
political bureau to take the necessary administrative and policy measures
toward those responsible to punish the serious shortcomings they had
demonstrated during the school disturbances."



Progressive Federal Party [PFP] let it be known that it would enthusiastically
recruit members of other colors--that includes unenfranchised Blacks--and in
addition would launch a 10 million rand trust fund to support the campaign
(that party still thinks in terms of financial power).

With that announcement the PFP now goes the whole way marked out by its left
wing. At his press conference on the subject, Dr van Zyl Slabbert, leader of
the PFP, said furthermore that he is not concerned with what population group
eventually makes up the majority in the party. That can also mean that the
PFP may acquire a black leader.

With that the fat is really in the fire.

This rendition of the PFP's radical conception of South Africa as a unitary
state, including a black majority, now stands in direct contrast to the NP's
perception of a South Africa consisting of many groups and many populations.
And the NP wants to continue to pursue that vision with reference to party
membership.

That does not mean, however, that the NP is turning its back on the colored
voter. On the contrary. Moreover, its analysis of the situation is probably
sharper.

The NP knows that the Colored group in particular is a group that as such
sees advancement as its greatest need at this stage. It can best achieve
that under its own colored leadership, with the power to have a voice in the
parliament as a clearly defined factor.

Furthermore, the NP realizes that the colored leadership will best achieve its
goals of advancement by means of an alliance with the majority party in the
white House of Assembly. One already sees this in the good cooperation be-
tween the Labor Party and the National Government.

In other words, the NP has, in accordance with its view, decided on a policy
of alliance between co-equal parties--as now already successfully put to the
proof. Moreover, it depends on it.

The PFP, on the other hand, relies on English prestige, its radical propaganda
and multiracialism to tie the knot for it with the colored voters.

But that is where it is mistaken, in my opinion. Especially because the PFP
seeks in pursuit of its views to address Blacks on an equal footing too, it
has henceforth even less chance of becoming the majority party in the white
House of Assembly. Indeed, many of its traditional voters will now think
twice.

And how will it help the colored voters to unite with a party that has no
chance of coming to power in the white House?

In addition, the colored leadership--and the colored voter--will ask them-
selves: Is the PFP’s opening up of membership not simply the same old story
of those years when the white UP [United Party] merely used the colored voter
for its own ends and actually allowed him no say either in its leadership or
in its policies?

73



cso:

council and supported the pupils’ school boycott.

Mr Goniwe — the general secretary of Cradora —
was virtually the embodiment of the community
struggle in Cradock.

The school boycott — which lasted solidly for over
a year — was sparked when he was removed from his
Position as acting principal after playing a leading
role in the rent strike.

Mr Calata and Mr Mkonto were Cradora executive
members. The Calata name is revered in Cradock.
Fort Calata’s grandfather was Canon Calata, the first
general secretary of the African National Congress.

Mr Calata and Mr Goniwe were among four Cra-
dock men held in preventive detention for six months
last year. They were released without charge.

Mr Hashe, Mr Galela and Mr Godolozi led the Port
Elizabeth Black Civic Organisation (Pebco) — the
body which commanded almost 100 percent support
in its March work stayaway in protest at cost of
living increases.

Mr Hashe (58), Pebco general secretary, had his
home petrol-bombed twice prior to his disappear-
ance. He joined the ANC in 1956 — when it was a
legal organisation — and was jailed for 10 years for
furthering its aims after its banning.

3400/677

79

Mr Godolozi (30) is a founder member of Pebco. He
was elected to the position of president in 1982 and
has held office since then, becoming the longest serv-
ing president of the organisation.

“Mr Galela (38) is the organising secretary in Pebco
and belongs to the General Workers’ Union.

Young Jabu Maluleke, the youth who was mys-
teriously taken off a Soweto-bound train at Dube sta-
tion, is publicity secretary of the local branch of the
Congress of South African Students.

He was carrying pamphlets concerning a pupil-par-
ent meeting at the time of his disappearance, says a
friend who witnessed his removal. Railways Police
and the SAP have been unable to locate Jabu.

Certainly a significant number of leading oppo-
nents of apartheid have disappeared. It is impossible
to assess whether a similar proportion of people in
lesser positions is affected. °

At times of political upheaval the tide of exiles
grows. In the present climate of violence some lead-
ers are known to have gone into hiding for their own
safety or to avoid State security measures.

It is difficult for observers always to distinguish
with certainty such actiuns from more sinister disap-
pearances,



JPRS-SSA-385-070
9 August 1985

ANGOLA

POPULATION REPORTEDLY SUFFERING FROM MALNUTRITION, HUNGER
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 21 Jun 85 p 6
[Article by Michael Rank]

[Text] Luanda: Hundreds of thousands of Angolans are hungry as a result
of civil war and drought, and the problem is likely to get worse, aid workers
say.

United Nations officials put the number of people suffering from malnutrition
at about 500,000 out of a population of 8.2 million, and say aid operations
are hampered by worries over security as well as lack of transport and trained
personnel.

According to a recent government report, about 30 percent of children in subur-
ban areas and 20 percent in the countryside suffer from severe malnutrition.

"The principle causes of death are malaria, severe diarrhoea and severe respira-
tory diseases. In the affected rural areas, most families are left with only
two or three children, having lost at least two children," says the UN-backed
report.

The country requires 74.5 million dollars’ (R149 million) worth of urgent
emergency assistance, according to the report, while the United Nations Develop-
ment Programme (UNDP) has budgeted five million Dollars (R10 million) this

year and about the same in 1986 for improvements in the agricultural and health
sectors.

Of the 500,000 people in greatest need, 300,000 live in the fertile and rela-
tively heavily populated central highlands, a stronghold of South African-
backed Unita rebels.

UNDP deputy representative Mr Jean-Pierre Gernay said a drought which has

hit much of the country since 1981 appeared to be over in the central plateau,
but the Namib Desert was encroaching on coastal towns in the extreme south-
west.

Lack of transport and trained staff limited the amount of aid the country
could absorb despite its enormous needs. "This is not enough and we could



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HSRC REPORT WELCOMED ACROSS BROAD SPECTRUM
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Jul 85 p 17

[Article by Andrew Beattie and Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

The Human Sciences Research Council report on intergroup
relations has been welcomed by all groups and organisa-
tions who would like to see the Government moving away
from apartheid — and “astonished” the HNP.

The Black Sash said the report was “broad and refreshing,
in that for the first time a Government-sponsored organisation has
stated loudly and clearly that apartheid is not only a failure, but is
also responsible for the ills and unrest in our troubled country.

“It is encouraging that this fact, which has for so long been
self-evident, is at last being recognised,” said Mrs Joyce Harris, of
the Black Sash. ‘

Urgent and immediate action was now required “in what may
well be a last-ditch attempt to defuse the growing violence’
and provide a climate where negotiation may still be possible”.

The Sash pointed out that it differed from the council’s findings
in that it doubted that “there are positive signs that a democratic
social order can be established in the light of the Government's
recent reforms”.

“These so-called reforms are totally inadequate to meet the
needs of the black community, which is after all the vast majority.

“If the publication of the
HSRC report is sufficient to
galvanise the Government into
meaningful action, then it will
have served an exceedingly
valuable service,” said Mrs
Harris.

The United Democratic
Front’s spokesman, Mr Murphy
Morobe, said the report raised
several issues which had been
emphasised by the UDF in the
past. The UDF intended to
comment further on the report
at a later stage once it had
been studied in more detail.

The UDF also expressed the
belief that because some of the
report's findings differed sub-
stantially from established
Government policies, the com-

mission would have little
power to influence Govern-
ment decision-makers.

Professor HW van der
Merwe, the director of the Cen-
tre for Intergroup Studies and
a member of the head commit-
tee which compiled the report,
said that at the outset of the
investigation he was concerned
that too few liberal and non-
white academics were involved
in the project.

ONE-SIDED

“I was concerned that the
predominance of Afrikaans-
speakers and conservative
whites would have caused a
one-sided interpretation.

“Nevertheless, I was happy

107

16 See that the researchers and
key personnel involved did not
hesitate to label apartheid as
one of the greatest sources of
conflict in our society.

He added that as a divisive
factor among groups, “colour”
was becoming less important
and economic rifts more im-
portant.

At the same time, fundamen-
tal differences — between the
pro-Government groups using
a “modernisation approach
with the emphasis on capital,
technology and evolutionary
development”, and the extra-
parliamentary groups who saw
socialism as the only answer —
held potential for conflict.

The right-wing Herstigte Na-
sionale Party has voiced “as-



REACTION ON GOVERNMENT BAN ON GATHERINGS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Jun 85 p 2

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

cso:

Yesterday’s countrywide ban on
gatherings — effective until the
end of the year — was the ac-
tion of a South African Govern-
ment which had lost control,
two major political groups said.
: The United Democratic Front.
and the Azanian People’s Organ-
cisation also said the Govern-
iment had virtually-declared a_
state of emergency.

Under the Minister of Law
and Order, Mr Louis le Grange’s
ban 64 political groups are pro-
hibited from organising meet-’
ings in 30 magisterial districts.
A national ban has also been,

placed on any meeting called to,

arrange a work stoppage. ’

“The UDF views this move as
-a ‘subtle’ way of declaring a,
state of emergency without
alarming the world,” a UDF’
spokesman said.

An Azapo spokesman said the
ban was the typical action of a
Government in crisis.

“Despite all the noises coming
from Government about change
here, nothing in fact, has really
happened,” the spokesman said. .

The Transvaal Indian Con-
gress (TIC) agreed the ban was
the action of a Government in
panic.

3400/652

77

— The magisterial districts af-

fected are:

meyer, Humansdorp, Je
Kirkwood: Kroonstag Middebary. Cape; Oden
udsthoorm: Parys, Port Eliza
‘beth: Sasolburg, Somerset East: Uitenhage: Virginia
sed Welkom,
‘acide You Congres Alexandra You Cor

ress, Alicedale Civic Association; Alicedale
‘Youth

‘dents Cookbouse Youth Ret
‘dents’ Association: Cradock Women's Organisation:
CCradock Youth Association; Detainees

Action Committee; Klip-
pplaat Youth Congress, Maokeng Students’ Organisa-
tion: Maokeng Youth Congress. Maokeng Youth

Middelburg Residents’ Association: Mid-

Movernent, ue
ddetburg Youth Congress. Parys African Students’

_ Sanat Para Cie Assit Pearson

‘Youth Congress, Port Alfred Black Civic Organisa
tion: Port Alfred Youth Congress Port Elizabeth

‘Congress Tembisa Civie Associatiore Thabong Civic
Association, Thabong Youth Congress, Tumahole
Civic Association: Tumahole Students’ Organisation:
‘Tumahole Youth Congress. Uitenhage Black Civie
Organisation: Uitenhage Health Safety and Cultural
‘Assoriation: Uitenhage Parents Committee. Uiten-
hhage Students Committee, Uitenhage Women's Or-
{atisation. Uitenhage Youth Congress United Dem
‘cratic Front.

JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/637

In the case of many plastic materials.
different colours can be introduced as a
raw material. RIM technology allows the
introduction of polyurethane paint as a
primer or finishing coat and an in-mould
coating.

The world of plastics is a challenging
one in a highly competitive market. In
this particular case it was introduced to
the glass industry quite unexpectedly and
a thriving business was created by im-
aginative contractors from a small prac-
tical specification.

103



-070
~ggA-85707
JPRS-SET 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BROEDERBOND SAYS AV IS FRONT FOR SECRET MOVEMENT
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 29 May 85 p 13
[Article: "Broederbond Declares War on AV"]

[Text] The Afrikaner-Broederbond [AB] has declared war on the
Afrikaner-Volkswag [AV] and forbidden its members to also be members
of the Volkswag. AB members who are also members of the AV will thus
shortly have to choose between membership in the two organizations.

As far as is known, it is only the second time in history that the
Broederbond has decided on such drastic measures against another organization.
The first time was in the early seventies when the Executive Committee of

the AB confronted its members with a choice between the Broederbond and

the HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party].

From a declaration by the Afrikaner-Volkswag it appears that the AB has
taken this step on the pretext that the Volkswag acts as a front for a
secret organization. The Volkswag rejects this suggestion.

The organization in question is apparently Toekomsgesprek, a secret
movement that has recently been founded among rightwingers, according to
newspaper reports.

The complete declaration by Professor Carel Boshoff, leader of the Volkswag,
reads: "It has come to my attention that the liberal leadership of the
Afrikaner-Broederbond will no longer accommodate members of the
Afrikaner-Volkswag in the Broederbond. Members of the Volkswag who belong
to the Afrikaner-Broederbond will therefore be asked to make a choice or

be expelled from the Broederbond."

"The reason given is that it has now allegedly been ‘confidentially
ascertained' that the Volkswag is a front organization for a secret

rightwing movement."

"This allegation is rejected as laughable and unfounded," says Professor
Boshoff. "From the time of its founding the Volkswag has declared that
it is an open family organization that invites all Afrikaners who

83



These, reviewed briefly, are some of the characteristic features of the
economic and political life of the Reunion scene. Contrary to what we said in
introduction, so little has changed on this scene that it may only be a matter
of appearance: several factors seemed to have combined and have the potential
to bring more radical developments. There is no doubt that it is up to the
independentists--minorities, though not insgnificant, in the south and east of
the island--to understand these developments and to blend them them into a
movement that could draw all the social elements that are currently excluded
from the Reunion social and political action and that are more relevant to the
future than the ossified elements dominating today.

The Reunion Independentists

It was toward the end of the 1960's that the PCR refused to take part in the
quarrel between the USSR and China, and the members of the Autonomist Youth
Front of Reunion (FJAR), the organization of Reunion communist youth,
influenced by the Chinese Cultural Revolution, organized a "red base" in
Saint-Andre commune to resist the aggressions of the rightist militia. Until
1971, the PCR leadership gave its support to these armed youth, who were a
bastion inaccessible to the police. However, in 1971 the PCR sought fora
compromise position with the approach of the municipal elections. The
colonial power, detecting this change, took the opportunity to put an end to
the "red base": 58 arrests and heavy prison terms.

However, this initiative and these forms of resistance were a first breach in
the positiions of the PCR, which began to put forward more and more openly the
theme of national liberation culminating an autonomy process. The signing of
the leftist joint program in 1972 pushed the PCR even further onto the
electoral course, with victory of the left in elections becoming the panacea.

It was in this context that the Reunion Marxist-Leninist Communist
Organization (ACRML), openly independentist, was founded in 1973. It was led
by George S. Sinamale, a former FJAR leader. This organization was heard in
January 1979 by the OAU liberation committee, which had declared in 1978 "the
right to self-determination of the Reunion people."

In the same period there emerged the Reunion Liberation Movement in 1979.
Elements of these organizations regrouped in 1981 in the Reunion
Independentist Movement (MIR), currently led by George S. Sinamale.

The MIR represented Reunion at the conference of remaining French colonies
held in Guadeloupe in April.

1. Without being over-modest, we thus suggest that the reader refer to this
No. 7, which we can provide at its original price of 7 franes by return
mail.

2. In August 1984, the monthly guaranteed minimum wage of growth (SMIC) in
Reunion was 2,739 franes (compared to 4,132 frances in France) while the
civil service minimum wage was 6,057 francs (4,022 francs in France)!!

9920 56
cso: 3419/447



the role and training of armed forces. Earlier, the director of electrical
and mechanical engineering (EME) Brigadier B.B. Ayodele, said the limited
human and material resources are the major constraints to the achievements
of EME goals. Brigadier Ayodele said the theme of the training week
"Equipment management in the modern Nigerian Army" was chosen beyond the
parameters of known deficiencies. He said the recent military field exer-
cises were clear pictures of the tasks before his corps as "officers and
soldiers serving in the Nigerian environment." [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES
in English 25 Jun 85 p 24]

cso: 3400/644

52



how over at least the last 20 years corruption and embezzlement of public funds
have become the norm.

Mamadou is the director of a state commercial enterprise. He knows that he
must submit a positive balance sheet at the end of each budget term. The means
for achieving this operation are therefore dictated to him by his superiors.
Only, he does not have to respect to the letter the regulations governing his
enterprise. Well then, he can create his own distribution channels; they are
intricate channels leading all to the black market. As head of the enterprise,
it is difficult to identify him as the main purveyor of this traffic for, any
_employee who draws his "contribution" funneis it into the market in order to
find the means of paying his rent and his transportation.

Abdoulaye is the director of a plant. He manages it the same way as his. col-
league in the commercial enterprise does. his. A small share of the production
is sold to state shops while the remainder is distributed to priyate shops or
sold by itinerant peddlers. Each worker, clerk and cadre in that plant tries
to get his share of the pie which he will funnel into the biack market. Other
ciyil seryants. who are not employees of that plant will too go looking for a
"sale order” in whatever service, or even ministry, to sell it to a merchant
who will go pick up the merchandise.

The result is everywhere the same: Each person sells some kind of goods to

his neighbor. In short, each person is both seller and buyer. This way people
can make ends meet and even maintain a lifestyle beyond their earning potential.
And it is certainly the reason why a real curtain exists at all levels of the
various state services and it cannot be crossed without paying the "prescribed

price."

Not so long ago, a scholarship abroad was selling for 40,000:to 50,000 sylis.
Overseas training courses could also be cashed in. When returning from one of
those courses (moreover, they were called "equipment" scholarships for, more
often than none, the beneficiary would come home with a used car or other goods),
the "boss-benefactor" was forgotten, this opporunity was not available a second
time. To this day, a list of "influential people" to whom one will send a

small gift must always be made.

Staggering Sums

Goods of all types, and even foreign currencies, can be passed fraudulently
through ports, airports and practically all border crossings in exchange for an
envelope full of sylis. It has been told that recently, at the Conakry airport,
experts from an eastern country wanted to ship ten packages or so in exchange
for a few... canned goods. The customs agents first gave the impression they
did not want to negotiate. An interpreter came near and whispered in the ear
of one of the agents that the experts wanted to make a deal. Because of the
price offered (a few canned goods and a bottle of liquor), the customs agents
ordered the packages searched.

The price of rice, sugar and other foodstuffs sold in state shops are doubled,

and even tripled, when the demand is strong. Managers sell on the spot a bag
of imported rice for 3,000 sylis, when the official price is 1,000 sylis, to

4



essential to cover the
needs of the majority of
the population.

Faced with the ccun-
try's enormous economic
difficulties and in order
to guarantee supplies of
medicines, the govern-
ment ig working with the
WHO and the United Na-
tions Children's Fund on
drawing up an outline of
essential drug supplies,
which will be provided
with Italian government
funding through the
WHO.

Health Minister Pas-
coal Mocumbi hag said
that ways
sought of reducing ad-
ministrative costs to a
bare minimum, in order
to free as much money as
possible for such things

equipment purchase
id payment of wages
for health staff.

Training of primary
level paramedical staff
has been and is still @
priority, A Health Min-
istry ‘document reveals
that of the 4287 people
trained in health estab-
Ushments between in-
dependence and 1982,

ly 173 were doctors.

In this same period,
110 X-ray technicians.
290 pharmaceutical
sistants, 272 health
agents, 1221 nurses, 058
specialist nurses,
midwives and 1011 vil-
Jage health workers were
trained, he village

cso: 3400/651

are being |

as |

252°

health workers, — who
should have four: years of
rime schoolin; are
Sent by thelr. comfnunity
for beste training’ and
return to work in their
own community.

DISCUSSIONS
Mozambique believes
that one factor “con-
tributing to success in
the health programing is
health ‘education.
can take the form of
discussions organised by
the local health worker
with his patients before
| the start of his clinic.
Individua} interviews
alao take place during.
consultations on specific
nesses, their prevention,
symptoms and treatment.
The Health Ministry is
looking at the pos-
j stbilities of making use of
traditional medicine, For
exzmple, a brew from e,
local herb known as,

for ‘its efficacy
bating hepatitis. And this
is only one among many
‘. plants used by the people
in different parts of the
country to treat and
prevent diseases.
AN _ these — successes
have been now in ex-

tremely difficult con- |
ditions, : -
Mozambique at in-

dependence in 1975 was
emerging from a-10-year
liberation war against
Portuguese colonialism.

43

Soon after, the illegal
regime cf Jan Smith in
Southern Rhodesia began
its aggression against the

country,

In 1980, when the in-
dependent’ country of
Zimbabwe was __ born,
‘Mozambique prepared. to

turn al) its resources

towards development, But -

South Africa stepped in
and took over the bandit
gangs of the so-called
‘Mozambique National
Resistance, increasing the
scale of destabilisation.

1 Even today, health care
in Mozambique has not
reached levels that should
have been possible, In a
developing country that
ia considered to be one of
the world’s poorest, the
mortality rate and the in-
eidence of diseases are a&
reflection of the real
health situation in

lozambique.

Destabilisation has also
made @ large contribution
to this situation. ‘

Between December
1982 and December 1984,

MNR bandits destroyed |

311 level one health units,
72 of which have now
been recuperated. And
health workerg in the
rural areas haye been @
prime target for MNR
terrorist activity.
Extreme economic dif-

ficulties are manifested

today in drug shortages,
inadequate premises, low
professional standards in

some health staff, lack of
facilities for sending
people abroad for train-
ing, shortages of
laboratory equipment,
among others,

The health services
have not only been af-
fected by the war, which
has been going on now
for more than nine years.
The prolonged * drought,
that has lasted for five
years in some places, has
also taken its toll.

In the drought areas,
the most common com-
plaint is malnutrition be-
cause of food shortages,
and this affects adults
and children alike. A
total of 2,5 million people
are suffering the effects
of drought in Maputo,
Gaza and Inhambane pro-
vinces in the south,
Manica and Sofala in the
centre and Tete in the
north-west.

‘The main action of the
Health Ministry is in
preventing and treating
nutritional deficiencies
after an evaluation of the
nutritional: status of the
population. Health posts
have been estabiished in

the various relief centres
‘in the drought-stricken

areas. |

There are still, for in-
stance, 10750 | drought
vietims in the Parabar
Relief Centre near Vilan-
culos in Inhambane Pro-
vince. — Ziana-ATM,



JPRS-SSA~85~-070
9 August 1985

NIGERIA

TRADE RELATIONS, OIL AGREEMENT WITH BRAZIL OUTLINED
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 Jun 85 p 2
[Article by Sheidu Baye]

[Bxcerpt] At the conclusion of the 3-day second session of the Nigeria/
Brazil joint commission which took place in Brazilia recently, it is perhaps
appropriate to take an overview of trade relations between the two friendly
countries. Nigeria/Brazil cooperation is always held up as a model, a type
of mutual trade relations which should be encouraged among developing third
world countries (Trade with developing countries account for 25 percent of
Brazil's export market).

Nigeria's trade with Brazil is a phenomenon of the early seventies beginning
with a Brazilian official delegation to Nigeria in 1972 and that of Afro-
Chamber of Commerce in 1973. Thereafter, many Brazilian companies became
interested in Nigerian market and actively participated in several Lagos
trade fairs. Today, Brazil's well mrtured and painstaking export invest-
ment drive is amply rewarded as evidenced by the proliferation of firms
engaged in diverse economic activities. These include inter alia: Cotia,
Cobe (Nig) Ltd Cica trade; Drinco Industries Ltd, Graham Bel and many
others.

These companies cover a wide spectrum of the country's social, commercial
and industry life. For example, Cotia is engaged in agricultural moderniza-
tion, cattle ranching, forestry, etc while Protec-Sobratel Consortium and
Graham Bell work exclusively on telephone system.

The oil boom of the middle and late seventies saw the fortunes in business
transactions between the two countries which warranted a commercial delega-
tion from Brazil in 1981. According to sources at CACEX, Brazilian foreign
trade department, the trade balance as at 1982 shows exports to Nigeria
amoutning to 244,160.00 US dollars, while imports recorded 227,227.00 US
dollars, placing Nigeria as Brazil's 7th largest trading partner in the
world.

Owing to the world economic recession and a general decline in international

trade, Brazil's trade with Nigeria had slumped considerably in the last 4
years. The bilateral trade consisted mainly of export of oil and rubber

47



cso:

intermingling with groups other than white,
there are frequent pointers — often disguised
but sometimes not — to the unacceptability of
English-speakers in these proposed “Promised
Lands”. Audiences are reminded that the Em-
pire dispossessed Boers of their lands. .

A founder member of the Herstigte Nasion-
ale Party, Mr Robert van Tonder (now head of
the Boerestuat Komitee), wrote: “Like the
Jews, our case (for a homeland) must rest on
unassailable legal and historical grounds, so
that we can appear before the world with
clean hands.”

Mr van Tonder’s book, “Boerestaat”, sets
out the claims of the Boerevolk.

He believes that the Boer republics of the
19th Century — the Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek
(Transvaal), and the Free State and Vryheid
(northern Natal) republics have a legal right to
exist as white Afrikaner-only territories. These

‘republics, he points out, were brought under

the British flag during the Anglo-Boer war,
and later incorporated in the Union, although
no referendum was ever held on the issue.

The Afrikaners who lived in the Cape at the
time of Union became assimilated in the Eng-
lish tradition, “and now ruled South Africa
hand in hand with the economically-dominant
English”, according to Mr van Tonder. :

During the rise of the National Party the
Cape “Colonials” decided to seize power within
the Union of South Africa: “In the Cabinets of
Vorster and Botha, more than 80 percent of the
members were Cape Colonials...” he wrote.

Furthermore, the concept of “whites” was
irrelevant: “But there is a small elite that can
claim to be Boere...”

“As for the rest of Milner’s South Africa, we
do not want to prescribe what happens there.
They must decide for themselves ...”

But he suggests that existing black home-
lands should remain as they are, Natal (outside
the old Vryheid borders) for a Zulu nation, and
the Cape Province a coloured homeland.

3400/652

76

Mr van Tonder’s vision, in part, seems to
coincide with that touted by the AWB.

Another grouping, Toekomsgesprek, has also
recently expressed a desire for an exclusive
Afrikaner state.

Beeld commented that the Conservative
Party could possibly be viewed as the parlia-
mentary arm of this organisation, adding that
its leaders would deny this to prevent the CP
from losing English-speaking voters.

At a head committee meeting of Toekoms-
gesprek, chairman Mr Kallie van der Merwe
said that the envisaged Afrikaner states would
have to be totally self-sufficient. He called for
this committee to join forces with Sabra (South
African Bureau of Racial Affairs), the far-right
research organ headed by Professor Carel Bo-
shoff, son-in-law of apartheid architect Dr
Hendrik Verwoerd and founder of the cultural
body the Afrikaner Volkswag.

Centred on Morgenzon, a town with about
1000 inhabitants near Secunda, a grouping
called the Oranjewerkersvereniging have pro-
posed to start an Afrikaner “growth point”
aimed at self-sufficiency.

Funds to buy up land for this purpose are
being collected, and the plan is headed by Mr

+ Hendrik Verwoerd, a former missionary and

the late Prime Minister’s son.

Mr Louis Nel, Deputy Minister of Foreign
Affairs, rejected appeals for assistance from
the Oranjewerkers at a meeting in Morgenzon.

“Such a thing cannot possibly exist. It would
be isolated and economically impossible. It
would result in a weakening of the Afrikaner.”
However, Mr Nel found himself to be in favour
of the idea “in principle”.

The Boerestaat Komitee claims to have put
its case to 30 different nations, including those
of the Western bloc. If these Afrikaner repub-
lics were to come into being, would they ex-
pect to be accorded a better international sta-
tus than Venda or Bophuthatswana?



He said that he was optimistic that in due course the government would provide
some degree of protection to local horticultural, citrus and dairy industries.

Protection would be in the form of a limited restriction of imports of vege-
tables into Botswana, he said.

Also attending the show was the Member of Parliament for the North East,
Mr Kenneth Nkhwa.

Speaking at the show, Mr Nkhwa said since the country is facing food crisis,
it would be meaningful if the government could dam rivers in the North East
District, so that farmers could irrigate their fields.

He gave an example of Egypt. He argued that the people there were able to
feed themselves because of irrigation through the waters of the Nile River
and despite the fact that their country was a desert.

cso: 3400/681



JPRS~S84-35-979
August 1995

NIGERIA

BRIEFS.

EXTERNAL RESERVE FALLS--Nigeria's total external reserve for the month of
April 1985 stood at 1,175,055,696 Naira down from 1,243,727,346 Naira in
March 1985, the News Agency of Nigeria reported in Lagos. According to the
just released Central bank's ‘Return of assets and liabilities as at close
of business in April 1985,' the country's total assets for the month was
13,605,871,878 Naira. A detailed look shows that the external reserve was
made up of 19,009,430 Naira worth of gold same as previous month.

8,674,832 Naira special drawing rights, also as in the previous month,
while foreign government securities and balances with foreign banks was
1,147,367,604 as against 152,234,853 Naira in March. NAN noticed that the
IMF gold tranche for April was just 3,830 as against 63,808,231 Naira but
a research officer from CBN explained that the sharp decrease in the figure
did not signify that Nigeria was worse off in terms of foreign exchange.

He said the decrease was caused by a ‘lag in adjustment of book between
Nigeria and the IMF." 'The stock of assets is still the same, what was
lost in one facility was gained in another,’ he added. For as long as the
difference did not occur to any of the traded currency in the IMF basket
of 12 currency, NAN gathered it could not upset the external reserve
position of Nigeria. The currency in circulation as at April was
4,912,631,484 Naira, a slight increase over the previous month's figure of
4,870,652,369 Naira, the report showed. (NAN) [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN
in English 24 Jun 85 p 17]

ARMY TO PRODUCE ARMS--The Nigerian Army will soon embark on local production
of sophisticated and modern military hardware through bilateral agreement
with foreign manufacturers. This hint was dropped in Ibadan yesterday by
the Chief of Army Staff Major General Ibrahim Babangida, who said the
arrangements were already in the pipeline. He was declaring open the
Nigerian Army electrical and mechanical engineers training week, 1985, at
the 2 mechanised division officers mess, Nigerian Army, Ibadan. Major
General Babangida's message at the training week was read by the quarter-
master general, Nigerian Army, Brigadier Ayodele Balogun. According to
General Babangida, such arrangements are aimed at achieving self reliance
and self sufficiency in military hardware. The Chief of Army Staff reminded
participants at the training week of the importance and emphasis which the
present government attaches to the maintenance of military equipment and
other aspects. This, he pointed out, has far-reaching implications on

51



Groups Want To Make Dream of Afrikaner Republics a Reality
(Andrew Beattie; THE STAR, 29 Jun 85)...cecccsccsccvcccece

Reaction on Government Ban on Gatherings
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 29 Jun 85)...cccccseccccceccees

Disappearance of Anti-Apartheid Leaders Questioned
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 2 Jul 85)..cscccccecccecccces

Parties Vie for Support of Conflicting Afrikaner Groups
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 8 Jul 85)....ccccecceccccccece

Afrikaner Identity, Culture Discussed at FAK Meeting
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Jul 85)...

Afrikaner Confused by Political Split
Women Moving Into New Spheres
Remedy Isolation of Youth Urged

Boshoff Speaks at Reelection as Head of Voortrekkers
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 8 Jul 85)...sscccescececcccees

Opposition Slams Ban on Activists
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 11 Jul 85)....ccccccccceeroeee

Moderates Win FAK Elections
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 85)...ccscccccecccccccccccccccssccses

PFP Considers Changes To Accomodate All
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Jul 85). .cccscccccccnsccccccccccnsccsvees

Broederbond Says AV Is Front for Secret Movement
(DIE AFRIKANER, 29 May 85)seccccccccccccsccccscccccscecces

Resignation of Generals Said To Signal End to Active Defense
(DIE AFRIKANER, 12 Jun 85).ccececsccccccceccsccceccesecene

Civil Aviation Nears Breakthrough
(Ciaran Ryan; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Jun 85).

Campuses Spearhead Growing Resistance to Military Service
(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 28 Jun 85)...sececccccsceccceces

Nation's Decision To Build Own Helicopters Revealed
(Gerald L'Ange; THE SUNDAY STAR, 7 Jul 85)...ccccecesevees

Afrikaner Split Hampers Cultural Groups
(THE CITIZEN, 13 Jul 85). .cccccccccccccccccccnccccecevess

Kreditinform Reports Improved Credit Performance
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Jun 85)....ccceeccccccccccccccccescceses

-d-

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gpps-ssA-85707°
9 august 198

SOUTH AFRICA

FRG'S PROPOSED GOETHE INSTITUTE STIRS CONTROVERSY
Munich SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG in German 8 Jun 85 p 7

[Article by Stefan Klein, Harare, 7 June: “Goethe Institute Planned in South
Africa"--Foreign Office Project Arouses Concern Among Diplomats]

[Text] At a meeting in Harare, capital of Zimbabwe, of cultural affairs and
press officers of the German embassies in eastern and southern Africa, the
Foreign Office plan to open a Goethe Institute in the Republic of South Africa
in the near future was greeted with skepticism, concern and criticism. The
participants in the conference, among them the directors of several Goethe
Institutes in Africa, learned about the project from Berthold Witte, chief of
the foreign Office cultural section.

Witte confirmed that under the present time schedule, the Goethe Institute
could be opened in Johannesburg in 1987. According to his statement, it will
be ensured that the Institute is open to all sectors of the population and
that che program “is oriented primarily toward the needs of the non-white
majority of the country.” For this reason a branch office of the institute
is planned for the town of Soweto, inhabited by Blacks and located near
Johannesburg.

Witte stated that the founding of the institute in the Cape republic--which is
being attacked worldwide because of its apartheid policy--will go hand in hand
with a strengthening of cultural activities in southern Africa. Thus the
founding of a Goethe Institute in Harare and reopening of the Goethe Institute
in Madagascar are already firmly planned. In planning a Geothe Institute in
South Africa, Witte referred to the approval of Bishop Desmond Tutu, Nobel
peace price laureate. He also does not expect any resistance in Parliament
which must approve the personnel positions for the institute: “Our plan meets
with the approval of all parties.”

At the conference in Harare, however, considerable concern was aired. The
representatives of the Goethe Institutes in particular expressed their con-
cern that the governments of the black African countries where they work would
consider the opening of an institute in Johannesburg as an affront. In any
case, one would have to expect “repercussions on the work of other Goethe

68



JPRS-SSA~85~070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

CABO DELGADO COTTON ENTERPRISE FACING SERLOUS PROBLEMS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 85 p 17

[Text] The Cabo Delgado Cotton Enterprise, one of the mainstays of the 400,000
hectare project, is currently facing serious problems involving transportation
and bags for the removal of.cotton. These factors have had a negative effect
on the family and cooperative production, the indexes of which have dropped
drastically. Located in the town of Montepuez, it has production units in
Montepuez, Namara, Impiri, Nacuca, Perebore, Mecuti, Chiure, Muaguide, Metugi
and Pembo. Geared essentially to cotton production, it has a factory complex
for the ginning and pressing of cotton, located in the same town, with a
capacity of 120 tons per day.

In addition to cotton production, the enterprise also backs the cooperative,
private and family sectors with technical assistance and removal of this
textile fiber.

During the time of the visit to the factory complex, the latter was at a stand-
still owing to the lack of burlap for packing the cotton, coming from Nampula.
The cotton ginning and pressing factory has a completely mechanized suction
system and the capacity to process 120 tons per day.

Like most of the enterprises in the province, the Cabo Delgado Cotton Enter-
prise is facing serious problems which often force the manufacturing complex
to shut down. The lack of transportation, not only to remove the fiber from
the production unit and the cooperative, family and private sectors, but also
to provide efficient support for these sectors, is, however, the greatest
obstacle to this unit's activities.

According to the acting director, Betuel Matavel, there are still enormous
amounts of cotton left in various locations under its jurisdiction, yet to be
removed, volumes associated with the previous campaign, which are deteriorating.

Another problem concerning the enterprise's management is the lack of bags.
Engineer Betuel Matavele remarked: "The lack of bags has also been felt in

the packing of corn, with many tons of this product in various production units
either outdoors or poorly stored.

23



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CHURCH WAKING UP TO OPPOSED ACCORDING TO MEETING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] Cape Town.--"The church in South Africa was being "awakened from its
sleep by the voices of the poor and oppressed," the Reverend Sid Luckett told
a United Democratic Front meeting commemorating the 30th anniversary of the
Freedom Charter.

About 700 people attended the meeting at Athlone Civic Centre on Sunday.

The Freedom Charter, blueprint of many non-racial organisations including the
African National Congress and the United Democratic Front, was adopted by the
"congress of the people" in 1955.

Mr Luckett recalled that the Reverend Trevor Huddleston had rebuked the church
for being slow to join "the struggle for freedom" before the formation of the
charter,

“But at last there are signs that the church is stirring from its sleep,
awakened by the voices of the poor and the oppressed," he said.

Downfall
Referring to President P W Botha's claim that a group arrested during a protest
march to Parliament had sought the downfall of South Africa, Mr Luckett said:

"We don’t want the downfall of the country--but we will pray for the downfall
of the present regime.”

€SO: 3400/669

66



JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PHENOMENAL INCREASE IN BLACK ENROLLMENTS PREDICTED TO CONTINUE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 85 p 17

[Article by Janine Simon]

[Text]

Black pupil enrolment in

the Research Institute

for Education Plan-

ning.
Southern Africa will The statistical report,

reach almost seven
million in the next five
years, but from 1988 it
will decrease in re-
gions controlled by the
Department of Educa-
tion and Training, ac-
cording to a report by
a University of the Or-
ange Free State re-
search institute.

This was because more
land is being incor- It
porated into the Na-
tional States, says the
report entitled “Educa-
tion and Manpower
Production — Blacks”,
released last week by In

which aimed to show
the flow of black pupils
into and out of the for-
mal educational sys-
tem, was based on
enrolment figures from
the four independant
states, the six national
states and the regions
under the DET.

PHENOMENAL

described a “phenome-
nal increase in the
number of black pupils
in Southern Africa”
and predicted this
would continue.

1974 there were

“3486261 black pupils

enrolled in Southern
African schools, ac-
cording to the report.
By 1985 the figure
reached almost 5,8 mil-
lion — and only
28,9 percent of these
were enrolled in the
seven regions adminis-
tered by the DET.

Of the remainder, nearly:

40percent attended
schools in the six na-
tional states and over
30 percent in the inde-
pendant states of
Transkei,  Bophutha-
pevana, Venda and Cis-

More than half the pupils
32 million or
55 ,7 percent — were in

the Sub A (Grade One)
to Standard Two phase
in 1984.

Of the 704 350 pupils who
left school in 1984,
more than 161000 did
not obtain a Sub A edu-
cation.

More than 329 000 did not
obtain any form of high
school education.

COMPULSORY

But this “illiterate” out-
flow was expected to
decrease as the intro-
duction of compulsory
attendance meant a
pupil had to attend
classes for at least four
years after _nrolling,
the report said.

Only Lypercent — or

TOTAL SOUTHERN AFRICAN PUPIL PYRAMIDS FOR BLACKS, 1974 AND 1984.

BOYS:
18841974

GIRLS:
1974 1984

“Until 1976 a 13-year school phase existed. Standard 6 was presented in mother tongue instruction and repested the
next year (called Form 1) with Engéth as medium of instruction.



Poorly Paid But Very Weaithy

Taking into account the reai value of the national currency, the syli, the best
paid Guinean civil servants gets less than 50,000 CFA francs while ihe iowest
salary barely reaches 2,300 CFA francs. Yet, in his country, a Senegalese, an
Ivorian, a Togolese, a beninise, etc wili have a hard time equating the "life"
of the Guinean.

To be sure the latter lives in a hovel, but he has his refrigerator, telephone,
stereo player, television set, if not a video receiver, car (Japanese, French
or a high-powered German or American), etc.

In the morning, in town, he has money for his coffee, his beer. At night, he
goes to the movies, sits at a café or yet goes to a night club. And each day,
he succeeds in fulfilling his family obligations, such as daily expenses,
fares for the members of his family, etc.

And it is said that he keeps a few mistresses on the side. Despite all this,
he succeeds in making ends meet.

It is often said that "When visiting some people in their homes, luxe is so
ostentation and lifestyles so impressive, it is difficult to believe one is in

Conakry."
Is this achieved solely through "poverty-level wages?"

The Cost of Food

A meal costs approximately 500 sylis, or a fourth of the lowest-paid salary, an
eighth of a middle-level cadre's wages or yet, a twelfth of the salary of a
higher second-class cadre. These 500 sylis are barely sufficient to prepare a
daily meal (generally only one meal is prepared daily).

A kilogram of meat is sold 300 sylis at the market; rice, between 80 and 100
sylis; and seasonings (onions, tomatoes, potatoes, eggplants, peppers), average
some 150 sylis.

When in addition breakfast must also be prepared, it takes at least 250 sylis
for a family of 6. A round loaf of bread costs 60 sylis (it was being sold

for 100 sylis last April); a carton of milk, 150 sylis; a kilogram of sugar,

160 sylis; butter or cheese, 25 sylis; and a can of coffee, 300 sylis.

Thus when a family man tells you that. he spends at ieast 1,000 sylis a day,
there is nothing surprising about that statement.

Make a Fortune in the Port
Dockers, transport and customs agents, gendarmes and policemen are found in ail
the ports worldwide, each doing his job. There is more to this in the port of

Conakry. Merchants and go-betweens are also there. They are interested in
everything.

16



Its Structure

The structure consists of a mixed earth and concrete dam with a maximum height
of 46 meters above the foundations. For the flood wasteway, a main wasteway
was adopted which operates under normal conditions, as well as another emergency
wasteway for unusual situaitons for when it is necessary to eliminate floating
bodies.

Parallel to the aforementioned discharge system, two bottom discharges have
been formed, executed along the walls which separate the flood wasteway and
the earth dam. This is due to the need for creating a structure that will
allow for the total drainage of the reservoir and the removal of solid material
near the concrete dam.

For the impounding and regulation of the volumes of flow to be used for supply,
a selective water intake was devised; in other words, with an impoundment on
various levels, installed along the right side wall and above the bottom
discharge.

Start of the Undertaking

In 1981, the negotiations were terminated with the signing of contracts with
the designer and the contractor from Civil Construction (Strade Coop Mozambico,
of Italy). In 1982, the revision of the basic design was concluded, directed
by a geological prospecting company.

In 1983, according to reports, a second geological and geotechnical prospecting
campaign was started. The work began on the civil construction project in
February 1983.

Progress of the Projects

The Pequenos Libombos dam projects were started with the construction work on
the residential settlement in January 1983, and the preliminary activities
involving mobilization on the part of the civil construction contactor began
at the end of February, while the work on the diversion of the river started
in April of the same year.

The diversion of the river, the first phase of which ended in May 1983, also
included the start of the excavation in the area for installation of the
concrete structure.

2909
CSO: 3442/332

33



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

REUNION

SITUATION OFFERS OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDEPENDENTIST MOVEMENT
Paris LIBERATION-CARAIBE-PACIFIQUE in French June-dul-Aug 85 pp 21-23

{Text] In August-September 1980, in No 7 of LIBERATION
AFRIQUE, we published a "Reunion Report" under the title:
“What Is France Still Doing in Reunion?" The information
in that report, thus now 5 years old, merits only a rapid
review here.

This is for two reasons: the overall economic and social conditions have
changed little overall. On the political level, the Left's coming to power in
May 1981 had practically no effect on the local level. Nevertheless, we will
provide here a few additional insights on the real situation in Reunion in
order to confirm or qualify some of the previous statements, particularly
those concerning the economic and political life of this Indian Ocean island.

Single Crop, When You Get Your Hold on Us!

At a time when the peoples still under French tutelage (in Guadeloupe,
Martinique, New Caledonia, etc.) are more and more openly rejecting a
continuation of this tutelage, why is it that in the Indian Ocean the people
of Reunion, who have the strongest communist party in all the French colonies,
are not, with the exception of a minority, raising the slogan of independence
as elsewhere? It is this question that we should answer, while knowing that
part of the answer lies in the history of the Communist Party of Reunion
(PCR), a tangled and contradictory history.

On the economic level, it is a little superficial to state as we did in the
introduction that things have not developed much. Yet, in regard to
prospects, despite the existence of modernization plans, modified into
conslidation plans (for the sugar economy), one must admit the modesty, if not
the absence, of mobilizing objectives that might respond to the expectations
of a youth growing in number and of whom a majority are doomed to
unemployment.

The diagnosis remains simple: a negative trade balance (6.4 billion franes of
imports and 667 million francs of exports in 1983) that is steadily worsening.
Between 1979 and 1983, imports almost doubled, while exports increased by only
12 percent.

53



JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

WORKERS SENT BACK--About 1,000 Mauritian workers in Saudi Arabia have been
sent home in the past few weeks after their work contracts were suddenly
cancelled, despite the fact that they were valid for another six months. No
explanation has been given. The Mauritians were replaced by Sri Lankans

and Pakistanis. The Mauritius government, whose policy is to promote the
hiring of its nationals outside the country in order to relieve unemployment,
had sent several ministerial delegations to Riyadh and to other Gulf states
on such missions. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English

22 Jun 85 p 7]

cso: - 3400/635

19



Although the FAK had been constituted as a company since the 1930s, there

had been concern in recent years that its elections had not been properly
conducted, in that several of its constituent cultural councils were not legal
personages as required by the Companies Act.

The requirements are now clearly stipulated and those councils which are not

yet legal personages would be advised of the changes required to their own
constitutions to legitimise their membership.--Sapa.

CsO: 3400/681



In the execution of our decisions there must be decentralization, control and
responsibility, but the planning must be done on the provincial level. Then
the tasks can be divided up. ‘

NOTICIAS: You have focused several times on the security aspect. Armed
bandit gangs began to make themselves felt in the province in 1981. Recently,
our forces have been destroying them. Isn't it the case that during these
years our forces adopted no position, were merely on the defensive?

Mario da Graca Machungo: First of all, in the areas in which the bandits
could carry out actions with negative effects on our economy and our people,
there was no abandonment on the part of the people. These gangs appeared
precisely in the areas where the party presence was most effective, where the
determination to achieve our goals was the greatest. It is here that the
actions of the armed bandits were most keenly felt.

Their purpose was to demobilize the population and then to frustrate the
development of our plans. The bandits concentrated their forces precisely in
the areas where we had the largest projects, with which we hoped to effect a
change in our economy.

Secondly, the attitude on our part was not a defensive one. In some zones,
there was a reaction of surprise. But the response was always prompt. The
actions of all forces were always characterized by combat readiness, and the
support the bandits had from the groups which were sympathetic was prepared
for and planned such as to destroy our economic structures completely and
paralyze us totally in a short space of time.

If they have not succeeded in this to date, it is because in fact there was
combativity, there was heroism on the part of our. people and our security and
defense forces. The fact is that we are everywhere. They kill the people,
they kill the secretaries of the dynamizing groups, of the party, but
immediately others emerge to replace the dead, to carry forward and propagate
the party line, to pursue our goals and to defend the fatherland.

The result is that the people today have ever greater confidence in the FPLM
[Popular Forces for the Liberation of Mozambique] and the party and are
denouncing the actions and movements of the armed bandits in every instance.
It is for this reason that, in their desperation, these bandits are
concentrating their efforts on massacring the people.

NOTICIAS: The province is very rich in fishing resources. What has been done
in this sector?

Mario da Graca Machungo: In this province, we are working with two large
enterprises. They are the EFRIPEL and the EMOPESCA, engaging above all in
shrimp fishing. Beginning in 1983, through an effort to encourage the
workers, we began to harvest accompanying species, and this has contributed
considerable to supplying the city and the armed forces themselves.

40



AFRIKANER IDENTITY, CULTURE DISCUSSED AT FAK MEETING

Afrikaner Confused by Political Split

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jul 85 p 12

[Text]

BLOEMFONTEIN. —
The Afrikaner culture's
inherent strength had al-
ways lain round politics
and the church, Mr NJ J
R Koornhof said in a
panel discussion at the
FAK annual meeting in
Bloemfontein. yester-
day.

Unfortunately the pol-
itical ideal had now been
replaced by one of politi-
cal domination of a group
of Afrikaners over an-
other group of Afrika-
ners. Culture was
inspanned to the maxi-
mum party-political ben-
efit, and the young Afri-
kaner now experienced
his culture in a measure of

Johannesburg THE

[Text]

BLOEMFONTEIN. —
The young Afrikaans
woman — between 18
and 30 — was emanci-
pated, but this did not
mean that she was a fem-
inist or a woman freedom
fighter, Miss Christelle
Coetzee said at the an-

political stress, said Mr
Koornhof.

Suddenly two language
festivals were organised
when the Afrikaans lan-
guage was 60 years old,
two Covenant festivals
were organised, there
were two cultural organi-
sations with the same
ideals but with different
political aims, and there
were different synodal de-
cisions about church disci-
pline.

This made the young
Afrikaner totally con-
fused and contributed toa
vagueness of the concept
of culture with him. The
‘once-binding factor —
politics — now broke

Women Moving

CITIZEN in English

nual meeting of the Fede-
rasie Wan Afrikaanse
Kultuurvereniginge
(FAK) in Bloemfontein
yesterday.

By emanicpated was
meant that she had em-
barked on areas that tra-
ditionally had been re-

down the uniqueness of
the culture. It prevented
the dynamic development
process and could lead to
stagnation and the death
of the culture of the
young Afrikaner. :

At present it was diffi-
cult to answer the ques-
tion as to what the young
Afrikaner regarded as
culture, other than to ad-
mit that politics was a
considerable facet of it.
For that reason the con-
cept “culture” within
Afrikaner thinking re-
ceded and he busied him-
self with the other compo-
nents of culture without
referring to them as such.

Mr Koornhof said the

Into New Spheres

12 Jul 85 p 12

81

served for men, and mov-
ed away from those tra-
ditionally regarded as be-
ing for women.

Ten to 15 years ago the
young woman was not
seen as a leader, for ex-
ample on the campus.
There had been the ten-

JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

young Afrikaner had a
further dilemma as he was
expected to define the
concept “Afrikaner.”
Was he Brown or White?
Did he speak Afrikaans?
Did he belong to an Afri-
kaans church?

The politicisation of the
Afrikaner definition
brought confusion and led
to the concept of Afrika-
ner culture being ex-
tremely prejudiced. The
time had come for the
Afrikaans cultural organi-
sation to imprint its stamp.
to give leadership to the
young Afrikaner as to the
definition of the concept
Afrikaner, said Mr
Koornhof.

dency for the Afrikaner
woman student not to
meddle with contentious
questions and to concen-
trate on a study direction
commonly regarded as
one for women.

Today a large group of
women were studying in



SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

TUNA CATCH INCREASES-~The tuna catch in Seychelles waters for the first four
months of 1985 was 34,125 tons, a sharp increase of 41 per cent over the same
period a year earlier. These impressive results were brought about principally
by an increase in the number of commercial seiners that are working the waters
around the Seychelles, while in proportion, catches actually declined because
of changes in climatic conditions. Between 19 and 35 additional tuna boats
have been fishing off Victoria since January of this year. [Text] [Paris

TIE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 22 Jun 85 p 7]

CSO: 3400/635

58



various other directions.
The intellectual capacity
of the Afrikaner woman
was high and her interest
exceptionally wide. She
entered leadership posit-
ions, fulfilled demanding
positions, spoke her mind
at congresses and played
a dynamic role.

This changed role did
not imply that today’s

Remedy Isolation of Youth Urged

JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

Afrikaner woman dodged
her traditional role. Her
traditional role remained
her highest priority, but
not her only one.

She wished to enrich
herself. her environment
and her family. She would
achieve this by not only
listening to how it must be
done, but by doing it her-
self. — ~

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jul 85 p 12

[Text]

cso:

BLOEMFONTEIN.—A with them? Was their atti-
generation had grown up _ tude that these were mat-
that accepted the Afri- ters for cultural bodies
kaans language and cul- and the authorities, for
ture as a matter of courses which they had no per-
In general, they did not sonal responsibility?
know a circumstance Black nationalism was
other than one in which right and good in the eyes
Afrikaans was used, of the world, and was wel-
spoken and practised in comed as liberation. Afri-
the schools, on television kaner nationalism was
and on the radio, Profes- condemned as an immo-
sor P H Kapp, chairman ral power affliction and
of the Youth Council of an exclusivism __ that
the Federasie van Afri- claimed all for itself anc
kaanse  Kultuurvereni- did not offer space and
ginge (FAK), said at the freedom to others.
FAK meeting in Bloem- Prof Kapp said it did
fontein yesterday. not matter how often the
The shabby treatment arguments were refuted
of Afrikaans in the busi- or even if reasons for such
ness world, the hostile at- criticism were removed,
titude of the use of good the condemnation would
‘Afrikaans were not public continue because specific
current affairs. groups had institutiona-
Prof Kapp asked _lised interests to “practise
whether the young people this punchbag industry.”
were not too isolated He said it was true that
from the anti-Afrikaans the defence against inter-
groups and tendencies? national isolation had
Did these things come made Afrikaners stronger
within their experience and better equipped in
via the family, news- many fields than before.
paper, school or student But one must still have an
community, or did it open mind for the des-
come as a shock when pondency of the youth
they came into contact caused by the exclusion

3400/664

from international sports youth a moral basis for
occasions, the selective the Afrikaner’s place and
cultural boycott, the clo- role in South Africa and
sure of educational op- to convince them of its
portunities and program- _ reasonableness;
mes, the expulsion from  @ “To replace pessimism
international bodies and about the future with re-
the unfriendly criticism, alistic and workable
particularly from overseas schemes for a dynamic
universities. cultural life and a stable
It was no good for any- _ political future;
‘one’s morale tocontinual- @ “To offer a new appre-
ly have one’s country and ciation for their cultural
nation portrayed in a and historical roots that
negative light in the over- would protect — them
seas media, andtobesub- against calculated at-
jected’ to unwarranted tempts to burden them
abusive names and libel- with a feeling of guilt;
lous judgments. For @ “To find political solu-
young people such an ex- tions for the country that
perience of their Westem were feasible and which
Civilisation was something ensured moral emancipa-
that could create a de- tion.”
fensiveness that could The youth experienced
easily lead to a with- the reality of the assault
drawal into safe ramparts. on South Africa on its
Thus favourable oppor- borders, where they were
tunties for formative ex- waging a war for the
posure, intellectual cross- country and its people.
pollination and cultural It was they who made
enrichment were lost. the greatest sacrifices.
Prof Kapp said it was Their motivation was
necessary {0 strive to therefore important and it
counter the cultural and must be ensured that they
intellectual isolation of did not have doubts as to
the youth; why they had to make
@ “To create for the those sacrifices.



Many Blacks and Whites say they oppose one-party rule.

"I am totally opposed to a one-party State even if God is the leader of that
party," a Black journalist said.

Mr Olley Maruma, a London-educated Harare artist, said one-party government
would certainly lead to totalitarianism, abuse of human rights and corruption.

Affirmed

Mr Nkomo affirmed yesterday "we (P2-Zapu) shall remain as a party in parlia-
ment and we shall play our part in that parliament."

Official sources said the government to be formed this week would be less
conciliationary in dealing with its opponents but would still want to main-
tain economic and political stability.

The harder line is already apparent and Mr Mugaba has pledged to rid the
country of Whites who do not want to work with the government, abolish the

20 White seats in parliament and ban PF-Zapu if violence continues in Matabele-
land.

Political analysts said the rebel violence which has shaken Matabeleland since
1982 was likely to die down because the Ndebele people were happy with the
poll result there.

“What will dissidents say they are fighting for now? They used to say because
Nkomo was dismissed from the Cabinet but Nkomo has contested elections in order
to form a government and failed," said one analyst.

Infuriated

Mr Mugabe was infuriated by the outcome of the White election, but business and
banking sources said any mass expulsion of the Whites, who still control a
large proportion of the economy, could bring economic disaster.

Mr Ian Smith's Conservative Alliance of Zimbabwe won 15 of the 20 White seats
protected by the constitution until 1987.at least.

From May 1987 Mr Mugabe can abolish that provision provided he can muster 70
votes in Parliament,

Mr Mugabe has repeatedly pledged to abolish the seats and at his first post-
election Press conference inferred he would do so before 1987.

He did not say how he would do this but commented "when a constitution is
pitted against the will of the people, then it is no longer a constitution”.

Western World
Asked if abolishing the White seats would have a negative impact on Zimbabwe's
image in the world, he said: "What's the international community? It is the

117



Angered
Mr Smith's victory angered many Blacks, including Mr Mugabe.

Addressing a post-election Press conference on Saturday, he said the British-
drafted Independence Constitution must be scrapped and the White seats "must
go and go almost immediately".

Under the constitution, which expires in 1990, the seats cannot be done
away with before mid-1987 and then only on a vote of 70 members of parlia-

ment,

Mr Mugabe said there was no other constitution like it in the world, adding:
"We cannot wait until those 10 years expire."

Despite his strong words, diplomats noted that his tone was much more moder-
ate than a week earlier when he denounced the constitution at a final cam-
paign rally and called Whites who had voted for Mr Smith "racists".

Policies

Mr Mugabe also told the Press conference his new government would pursue much
more socialist and "people-oriented" policies and aim at uniting all parties
under one political umbrella.

But opposition parties resist the idea of a one-party state, saying it would
lead to abuse of power.

Voters cast ballots almost exclusively on tribal lines with PF-Zanu winning
all 15 seats in Matabeleland province, home of the minority Ndebele tribe, and
mone elsewhere, All the Zanu-PF members in the new House will represent Shoan-

speaking areas,

In only three constituencies was the ballot close, with huge margins of
victory in all the others.

CSO: 3400/669

120



With these measures adopted, it is now up to all businessmen, producers and
merchants in Nampula Province to engage in their activities, abiding by the
price margins approved at the meeting and the other laws in effect, so as

to isolate and neutralize the speculators, ‘hoarders and black marketeers,

for the benefit of our economy and the society. Because the end of one campaign
always means the beginning of another, during the course of the meeting, a
report was submitted on the preparations for the process of planning the next
agricultural campaign and the proposal for carrying out the campaign for
planting banana trees, papaya trees and sweet potatoes.

In his closing speech, Feliciano Gundana also discussed this subject. He
claimed that, in planning this campaign, the experience already gained in

the previous campaigns must be applied stringently, and that people must be
very realistic in devising the plans, so as to avoid setting goals that are
not in keeping with the real situation of security and also equipment and the
available work force. He deemed it necessary to pay greater attention to the
planning in the family sector, because it has been a certain guarantee for the
production of items to supply the people and to export. A special effort must
be aimed at recovering cotton, without creating declines in other products.

2909
CSO:. 3442/332

27



JPRS~S84~35~979
August 1985

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED BETWEEN ANGOP, AZAP--ANGOP and AZAP concluded a
cooperation agreement over the weekend at the end of a visit by ANGOP direc-
tor Raimundo Sotto Mayor to Zaire. This is reported by ANGOP in a dispatch
datelined Kinshasa. It states that the agreement crowned the discussions

which commenced in May this year in Luanda, during a visit to Angola by an

AZAP delegation led by the agency's delegate general. The ANGOP director

said during an exchange of speeches that the agreement then signed by him and
by AZAP director (Landu Lusalakasa) will constitute a further staging point

for more profound action between the two agencies of nonaligned peoples.

This new press cooperation which was agreed upon by ANGOP and AZAP provides

for a free exchange of information and mutual concession of technical facili-
ties to their respective special representatives. During his visit to Kinshasa
the ANGOP director had a meeting with Ramazani Baya, Zairian state commissioner
for information, mobilization, propaganda and political action, and visited the
Zairian radio and television installations and the national newspapers, ELIMA
and SALONGO. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 15 Jul 85]

CSO: 3400/689



KATION TAKES BIG STRIDES IN DEVELOPING

SOCIALIST MEDICINE

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Jun 85 p 6

[Text]

MAPUTO. «|
HEALTH services in
Mozambique are regarded
ag one of the positive and
practical results ol
by the people
country after winning in-
dependence 10 years ago.
A month after in-
_ dependence, the Mozambi-
can government decreed
the end of private
medical practice, thus
giving access to the sec-

Since then health has
undergone radical
changes, and a visit to
the clinic has ceased to
be a cause for concern
for even low-income
families.
oat this means is
‘that millions of ople
now have basic Eealth
care guaranteed, a aitua-
tion previously "unknown
to the broad mass of the
Mozambican people.

‘The nationalisation end
oagnt aa of jnedicine

it an end a
_ highly discriminatory and
inhuman practice which
benefited above all a
privileged minority in the
urban centres.
independence,
more than two-thirds of
all the medical staff in
the colony were located
in the city of Lourenco
Marques. now Maputo.

And many of those doc-
tors left the country
around the time of in-
dependence. Of the 500
doctors in Mozambique in
1970, only 80 remained In
the country in 1976 and

btained
of this |

some of ttiose have ‘since
left, .

‘With them went all the
technicians who operated
the equipment installed in
hospitals and clinics in.

' Lourenco Marques.

Since that time Moza-
mbique has managed to
dismantle the colonial
health care apparatus and
to create a system open

to everyone, And the
authorities are to
extend this stem

throughout the country.
To illustrate the success
achieved ia the field of
health in Mozambique, it
is enough to quote the
Tatio of inhabitants per
doctor which has dropped
from 37 000 to 33 100,

REDUCED
As part of the effort to
benefit the more needy

stood at 64 percent in
1980, and is now in the
region of 45 percent,
Meanwhile, the trend in
the rest of the country
has been the opposite.
The percentage of doc-
tors practising in Mozam-
bique’s remaining cities
rose from $4 to 37 per-
cent and in the rural
areas from 11 percent to
19 percent over the same

‘The authorities are also
engaged in extending the
health care network, and
have classified health
facilities in the following
order: health posts and

42

centres (level 1), rural
hospitals (level 2), pro-

vincial and psychiatric.

and

hospitals (level 3),
(level

central hospitals

4).

Statistics published by
the Ministry of Health
show that the average
number of people served
by a level 1 facility
dropped from 13170 in
1979 to 10890 in 1982,
and the radius covered by
the facilities was reduced
from an average of 16.8
km to 14,8 km,

Level one facilities rate
extremely high in healtn
policy priorities, sinco
thig is the sector that has
most contact with the
population in general.
‘This is logical given the
fact that 85 to 90 percent
of Mozambique’s 13 mil-
Mon people (1980 census)
live in the rural areas.

The Ministry of Health
has drawn up a plan of
action until 1990, which
includes reducing the in-
fant mortality rate and
generally improving
mother and child health
care,

The plan foresees rais-
ing coverage of mothers
and infants by level one
facilities from 70 to 80
percent from the present
80 percent, with the area
served being within »
maximum radius of
15km, The plan also
requires children’s homes
under the Ministry of
Health to extend care of
under fives from the
present 9,6 percent to 5
‘percent.

JPRS-SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

Preventive medicine
has an extremely im-
portant position in
Mozambique’s health
strategy through im-
munisation pro; es,
health education, primary
health care and the
mother and child health
care programme:

‘The high infant mortal-
ity rate is a determining
factor in the priority
given to ante-natal and
post-natal care for
mothers and babies.

In terms of curative
medicine, emphasis is
placed on_ establishing
rural hospitals to pro-
vide primary health care.

This depends  es-

sentially on two
elements: the use of
paramedical staff with

limited traming, and -the
involvement of the whole
community.

Another innovative as-
pect in Mozambique's
heaith policy is on
medicines.

Basic drugs like aspirin
and anti-malarial tablets
can be found in the most
remote health posts in
the rural areas, The
country is importing
more drugs than before,
but it is only spending
the same amount a
money as a decade ago.

The reason for this
is that the health
authorities adopted a lst
of medicines approved by
the World Health Organ-
igation. The list contains
200 drugs named gen-
erically and considered


have sought 10 times more, but I din't know if the country could absorb so
much," Mr Gernay said.

The United Nations Children's Fund (Unicef) runs a feeding programme aimed
mainly at women and children, who receive a high-protein porridge known as
"papa." But pledges from foreign governments are only sufficient to feed

200,000 people up to this month, according to the government report.

Mr Gernay said devastation was especially serious in southern Angola, where
143,000 people had been uprooted from their homes following South African
occupation.

Mr Gernay said the UNDP's overall aim was to help the Government revive the
peasant agricultural sector, which has been neglected in favour of state farm-

ing.

Low producer prices were one of the main factors holding back Angolan agricul-
ture, although this may change after the second congress of the ruling Popular
Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) to be held in December, they
added.

The congress is expected to endorse liberalisation of the economy, including
a trend away from inefficient, Soviet-style state farms, according to diplomatic
sources.

Unicef official Mr Philippe Heffinck said the outlook was "not very bright.
Press and world opinion have been cool to Angola. Very few people know there
is an emergency situation in Angola," he said during a rare visit by a Western
journalist.

The country grew only 300,000 tons of grain of its own, far below its potential
because of civil war, drought and low producer prices, he added.--Sapa-Reuter.

Cso: 3400/681



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN PROVINCE OF ZAMBEZIA DESCRIBED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 85 p 5

[Interview with Dr Mario da Graca Machungo, minister of planning, by Jorge
Costa in Zambezia; date not given]

(Text] Minister of Planning Mario da Graca Machungo, a member of the
Political Bureau of the FRELIMO Party and a leader in the province of
Zambezia, granted us an interview at the conclusion of a visit we paid to

Zambezia.

During our talk, this official spoke of the great development projects which
are to be carried out in that zone in the center of the country, and he
confirmed his certainty that the difficult battles now being waged in both the
military and economic sectors are sure to be won.

His statements also reflected the main achievements in Zambezia in these past
10 years.

NOTICIAS: What has been done in these 10 years of independence?

Mario da Graca Machungo: In these 10 years, we have carried out some major
undertakings in the province of Zambezia, with great impact on the economic
development not only of the province, but the entire country as well
Specifically, we might mention the construction of the Central-North high
tension line, which is already delivering power along one section of the line
We hope to complete this project before the end of this first half of the
year, or, at the latest, perhaps at the beginning of the second half of next
year.

The development of the textile factory in Mocuba, with the collaboration of
the GDR, is proceeding at a good rate, and we hope to see it commissioned next
year. This is a factory of goodly size which will produce a type of cloth we
are not as yet manufacturing in this country.

We have the Lioma project, which is developing well, despite all kinds of
hindrances of an economic sort experienced and all of the efforts of the
enemy, the armed bandits, to delay the project. But the dedication and the
effort of the workers, the management, the soldiers and. the young people have

36



JPRS~SSA~-85-070
9 August 1985

ZIMBABWE

MUGABE WILL FACE OPPOSITION TO ONE-PARTY STATE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Jul 85 p 4

[Text] Harare,--Prime Minister Robert Mugabe should be able to pursue the
socialist policies he has moulded in the five years since Zimbabwe's inde-
pendence without upsetting economic and political stability, according to
political and financial analysts.

But his plans to introduce a one-party State after his landslide re-election
will run into strong opposition from arch-rival Mr Joshua Nkomo and former
Rhodesian rebel premier, Mr Ian Smith, they said.

Last week's general elections may have given Mr Mugabe a commanding mandate
to rule, but they also reconfirmed Mr Nkomo as the undisputed leader of the
minority Ndebeles and reinstated Mr Smith as the spokesman of the country ‘s
100 000 Whites.

"The election results have shown there are two major Black political parties
and Mr Mugabe cannot ignore this," said one government official who declined
to be named.

"The two parties must first agree to unite before a one-party State can be
achieved."

Shona Areas

All the 63 seats won by Mr Mugabe's ruling Zanu-PF party came from Shona-
speaking areas and Mr Nkomo's PF-Zapu won all 15 in Matabeleland, the home
of the Ndebele.

But one source close to the ruling party said Mr Mugabe might still try to
achieve his cherished one-party goal before 1990 when the constitution draft-
ed by Britain expires, without tearing up the document he has often criti-
cised.

"The next Minister of Justice is likely to be told to find a legal way of

doing it, Every piece of paper has loopholes, so there must be some in the
constitution,” the source said.

116



merchants who then resell it for 4,000 to 4,250 sylis in the Conakry markets.
In the interior of the country, such as Labe located some 500 kilometers from
Conakry, that same bag of rice sells for at least 5,000 sylis.

In the prefectural agricultural marketing enterprises of the PIT [Postal and
Telecommunications Administration], of the. National Electric Company, etc, civil
servants and state employees everywhere'use the same method in order to "make do."
Here, one looks for a foodstuffs purchase order to offer it for resale; there,
arrangements to doctor the telephone or electric bill, and make it reasonable,
are made with an employee.

Mrs B, a secretary in a Conakry bank, was going on leave. Having been paid in
sylis, she went around the corner to another window and exchanged them for
foreign currency. The transaction over, she went to the market and sold her
foreign currency at a strong price. In the end, she increased her salary five-
fold.

As for Ahmadou, he was going on a mission abroad. Prior to his departure, he
succeeded in buying 200 American dollars (that had nothing to do with his
expense while on his mission) for 5,000 sylis. He too went to the market to
sell his doilars. As a result, he ended up with 60,000 sylis. Upon returning
from his mission, he will sell on that same market the rest of his expense
money provided by the state. In the end, for a month-long mission, Ahmadou,
the state civil servant, will have earned, without being bothered, the equi-
valent of more than one year's salary.

In the Conakry airport, more efforts are made to identify passengers carrying
foreign exchange than those carrying drugs. Last month, a journalist was able
to pass his foreign exchange for less than... 5,000 CFA francs. The policeman
who pocketed that money did not declare it to his superiors. His workday over,
he went to the market to sell it.

That same day, Diallo, a merchant leaving for Dakar, was unable to pass
2 million CFA francs because the policeman was asking 50,000 francs to
"help" hin.

Examples of this type abound and they cannot alli be listed. Many people for
exampie prefer to be paid in foreign exchange or in kind (canned goods, food-
stuffs, buiiding material, etc) which they then seil on the black market: Each
person manages as best as he can. Managers of service stations, grocery stores,
stores selling building materials (especially cement and sheet metal), etc
pilfer stocks. Demand having been very strong over the past few months, prices
have reached staggering heights.

Thus goes Guinea. Guineans "make do" and make a iiving from this system. Too

many interests are involved and no one can say when this nightmare, which harms
tremendously the economic and social recovery of the country, will end.

15



JPRS=SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

COMOROS

BRIEFS

UIYDROPOWER ON ANJOUAN--The African Development Bank has given the go-ahead
for a 6 million dollar loan to the Comoros for a hydroelectric power plant
on Anjouan. This credit represents 45 per cent of the total cost. Construc~
tion should begin soon and will last 30 months. When he returned to power

in 1970, President Abdallah said he was committed to carry out three big
projects: the redistribution port at Matsamudu on Anjouan, the hydropower
station on the same island and the enlargement of the airport. The last
project is the only one on which no progress has been made. [Text] [Paris
THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 22 Jun 85 p 7]

CSO: 3400/635

10



Increased Industrial Growth, Development Needed
(Mike Peirson; SUNDAY STAR, 23 Jun 85)..sccccssecccccccece 98

Computer Industry Crisis Foreseen
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Jun 85)..cccecccecsceceees

Five-Year Inflation Rise Reported
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 2 Jul 85)..ccscsccececcscccees 100

Nedbank Chairman Slams Disinvestment
(THE CITIZEN, 4 Jul 85)..cceccncccccccsecceccccccccecceees 101

Plastics Industry Development Noted
(SALVO, May 85)....

See cee cece ence eseeeneee 102

Business Mood Remains Low
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Jul 85).ccccccseccccccccccvccccescsescsecs 104

MC Alpine's Anthracite Project Detailed
(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Jun 85).sscsecccccccccces 105

Quality Breakthrough for ISCOR Reported
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 Jun 85)...cceccccccccccccccccccccceccees 106

HSRC Report Welcomed Across Broad Spectrum
(Andrew Beattie, Colleen Ryan; THE STAR, 3 Jul 85)........ 107

Students Told of Anger in Townships

(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 3 Jul 85)....s00. 109

Anglican Call for Probe Into Police Activities
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Jul 85)..cssccecccccccccccccccccccsecseece 110

Violence Will Only End With 'Openended Negotiations’
(SUNDAY TIMES, 14 Jul 85)...cccccccccccccccccccecsccuceces 111

Briefs
Richards Bay Expansion 113
Wool Payout 113
Bophuthatswana Leader in Paris 113
Concern Over Violence Expressed 114

TANZANIA

Briefs

TPDF Receives Water 115

No College Militia Plans 115



JPRS~SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

QUALITY BREAKTHROUGH FOR ISCOR REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 Jun 85 p7

[Text]

ISCOR has installed a computerised fault-detecting

system, the only inspection system of its kind in the

world.

The system was installed at Iscor’s Vanderbijlpark plant to
improve quality control in its tinning preparation plant and
will function as an integral part of the whole preparation line.

Data General Eclipse mini and micro computers are used in
the system with sophisticated real time peripherals.

Developed by the technical applications division of Perseus
Computer Systems, the system is expected to drastically
reduce, if not eliminate, customer dissatisfaction.

“It has already enhanced the working environment of tin-
ning and coil preparation line employees,” said an Iscor
spokesman.

Since the system was commissioned in December last year,
it has eliminated the need for painstaking visual inspection.

The decision to install a computerised inspection system
was taken after demand increased for products from the coil
preparation line.

“The increased number of orders also necessitated a second
coil preparation line with a more modernised system,” said
the spokesman.

Predominantly visual inspection for defects in tinning
plates resulted in wastage of materials and slower production.

‘Visual inspection also led to high reject and complaint rates.

To detect defects before they passed through a coil prepara-
tion line, the inspection system was moved one step back, to
the tinning line.

‘or the first time it is now

possible to inspect an entire

coil and make decisons to cut
defects from a sound basis,”
said the spokesman.

_, With the help of the new
defect ingy ion computer,,
{t is possible for the fining
plant operation to run at ful

scapacity.

Fin the past we looked for:
faults visually, while the coil
was running. ‘The line was
halted the moment a fault
was spotted.” 1

Faults
The new system records

cso: 3400/637

106

all faults in the tin coil as the
plate passes through the tin-
ning line. It is able to spot a
range of 23 faults, including
pin holes, coating, thickness
and faulty shape.

Data relating to the output
coil are punched into the ter-
minaf to ensure correct Iden-
tification.

This information is then
automptically passed to the
central Eclipse mini comput-
er, which reverses the data
and correctly positions all
defects on the coil.

This data is accessed by
the coil preparation line in-
spection centre where the
coil Is presented in a snake )
form on the terminal, with
the defects and the appropri-
ate coding clearly marked.

Identification

The information is printed
ont, giving the percentage of
defects for each coil, so that
the planning inspector can
effectively decide which de-
fects must be removed to en-
sure that correct standards
are maintained for various
customer requirements.

The computer automati-
cally asks for complete iden-
tification of each cotl coming
off the preparation line.

Each coil is welghed and
the information sent back to
the central computer for log,
ging. If the coil Is of primae
quality, it is weighed, Ident!-
fied and allowed to rom
thirough the line.


cso:

Dr Boesak is a student chaplain in Belville, are meanwhile
poles apart from the “mother” charch on political issues.

@ The Catholic Church’s role in Uitenbage’s townships
during the recent unrest, particularly the shootings of
March 21, has highlighted the extent of social involvement
by churches opposed to the ideology of the State.

Catholic priests and sisters worked in close alliance with
the Black Sash and the Progressive Federal Party. The
Catholic Centre in Uitenhage became something of a haven
for families searching for relatives feared dead. Many
injured people preferred tc go to the centre for independent
medical attention than to the Uitenhage Hospital where
they allegedly stood the chance of being arrested.

‘The priests involved in assisting at Langa brought out a
report listing allegations of police brutality and concluded
that the only lasting solution to the unrest was the abolition
of apartheid.

The symbolic importance internationally of South Afri-
can churchmen can be guaged by the election of Dr Boesak
as president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches in
August, 1982 (at the same conference apartheid was de-
clared a heresy and the right-wing Afrikaner church, the
Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk, pulled out of the alliance)
and by last year’s Nobel Peace Prize award to Bishop
Desmond Tata, then general secretary of the SACC.

Both men are patrons of the United Democratic Front —
an umbrella body which unites several organisations (civic,
business, sports and student) in a broad anti-apartheid front
and which is in favour of disinvestment.

Bishop Tatu was appointed the first black Bishop of-

Johannesburg, his position of SACC general secretary going
to Dr Beyers Naude, a former “renegade” from the NG
Kerk, who was director of the Christian Institute before
both he and the institute were banned in 1977. Last year he
had his banning order lifted.

In November last year another black bishop, Bishop

3400/651

65

Stephen Naidoo, was named the new Archbishop of Cape
Town.

Both the Synod of Bishops of the Church of the Province
of South Africa (Anglican) and the Catholic Bishops Confer-
ence have over the past few years issued critical reports on
South Africa’s military and police'role in SWA/Namibia,
following investigations of alleged atrocities by Koevoet,
the SWA police unit. ’

Charges under Section 27 of the Police Act against
Catholic Archbishop Denis Hurley were withdrawn in Feb-
ruary. He was taken to court for making public serious
claims about atrocities by Koevoet on civilians in Namibia.

Bishop Tutu has frequently spoken overseas about the
horrors of apartheid, advocated disinvestment and cited a
need to cut ties with South Africa as a means of bringing
about change. His passport has been withdrawn several
times.

Meanwhile, in an unprecedented move for a white South
African leader, President P W Botha addressed about two
million members of the African separatist Zionist Christian
Church during their 75th anniversay celebrations over
Easter this year.

Discussing the overall situation of the church in South
Africa this week, the Anglican Bishop of Port Elizabeth,
Bishop Bruce Evans, said there was a need in the country
for the social and spiritual directions within the church to
be united.

Following his recent trip to the United States, where he
saw evidence of a “strong social direction” in many of the
‘Anglican churches due to the increasing unemployment
there, he said this social emphasis was, however, balanced
by a spiritual direction.

He said while it was not entirely true to say “black”
sections of the church in South Africa emphasised the social
side and “whites” the spiritual, (blacks were also very
spiritual, he said) there was a tendency towards this sort of
division. The two had to be brought closer together, he said.



JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

10 YEARS OF PROGRESS IN CABO DELGADO ASSESSED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 8 pg

{Text] From a disastrous economic situation at the outset, the legacy of
implacable colonial domination, the province of Cabo Delgado in the extreme
northern part of the country has already established solid foundations for
economic self-sufficiency. In addition to the vast and ambitious project
involving 400,000 hectares including the Cabo Delgado Cotton and Chipembe
Agrarian Enterprises, the Montepuez Swine Complex and other production units
located in various districts, significant progress has been achieved in the
economic and social sectors by the province in these 10 years of national
independence. Outstanding undertakings include the Ntguri Project, TEXMANTA
the Montepuez Marble Enterprise, the Mahate Saw Mill and the Mueda Plateau and
Rural Water Supply Projects in the southern part of the province. This
transformation, the product of 10 years of effort by the population of Cabo
Delgado, was the main subject during an interview granted recently to NOTICIAS
by Army General Alberto Chipande, a member of the Political Bureau and
provincial leader. He gave an assessment of the political, economic and
social activities carried out in the province during the 10 years since
national independence was won, as well as the difficulties faced and the
future prospects.

Cabo Delgado, like Niassa, was a province which was completely neglected by
the Portuguese colonials. Except for the production of cotton, which was the
main support of the private sector, and marble quarrying, there were few
economic activities which accounted for much in the economic life of the
province.

To aggravate the situation, the advance of the armed national liberation
struggle, of which the locality of Chai was the cradle, strategically required
the destruction of some of the few economic and social infrastructures in
existence. In the settlements, a depersonalized and confined population lived
a life which was limited and lacking in initiative.

"This was the socioeconomic situation in the province when we won power. It
was therefore necessary to begin with practically nothing. The first task was
to develop the political personality of our people, converting the settlements
into sites of community life, solid and properly structured, and to organize
the residents for production of a socialist type. The experience acquired in

20



Indeed, the decisions to dismiss the minister of middle and higher education,
Col. Michel Alladaye, as well as the high officials of higher education
(in particular the university rector, vice rector, and general secretary, and
the director of the Higher Teachers Training School) did apply these
punishments. It should also be noted that at the same time 18 "anarchic-
leftist" students were removed from Benin National University (UNB) by the
PRPB political bureau. It would appear that, contrary to rumors to this
effect, Colonel Alladaye was not arrested or put under house arrest. However,
numerous reports confirm that numerous arrests are underway in student

circles.

If the problem to be resolved is really that of student concern about their
future, it is to be feared that the punishments issued will not in fact affect
the factors really responsible for a situation, we repeat, that is more and
more common in Africa. Indeed, for what can those punished be held
responsible? For not having foreseen the scope and violence of the
disturbances? For not having prevented them by repression and by applying the
scapegoat policy for which they themselves bore the brunt?

Bolder Hypothesis

Those who are not convinced that in reality Colonel Alladaye and his
unfortunate colleagues were justly punished advance a bolder hypothesis.
After Captains Michel Aikpe and Janvier Assogba, Col. Michel Alladaye was the
third--and last--who might still counter the power of General Kerekou. These
"three musketeers" were reportedly the main protagonists of the coup d'etat
that on 26 October 1972 removed the presidential council that was composed
reflecting the tribal-regional balance, of Hubert Maga, Justin Ahomadegbe, and
Sourou Migan Apithy. The fact was that at the time of the coup d'etat the
presidency of the triumvirate was to pass by rotation to Ahomadegbe, who comes
from the same town (Abomey) as the three coup captains: Aikpe, Assogba and
AAlladaye. The belief is that in order not to make the presidency of the
Republic appear to be an in-house affair, they instructed their superior, Maj.
Mathieu Kerekou (who belongs to a region and tribe thus far on the fringe of
political combinations), to assume leadership of the state. At the same time,
three key ministries were assigned to Aikpe (interior and security), Assogba
(finance and economy), and Alladaye (foreign affairs).

We know what followed. First, on 21 January 1975, Assogba, accusing President
Kerekou of corruption involving the sum of 35 million CFA francs, attempted an
armed uprising; then, after finally accepting a settlement, he was arrested
and then sentenced to death--the sentence was not carried out and the fiery
captain languishes in Cotonou prison. Second, on 21 May 1975, Aikpe was shot,
with the official version maintaining that he was caught in adultery with the
wife of Major Kerekou. Thus, "never two without three," as the proponents of
the "third man" theory maintain: finally, even the most crafty and level-
headed of the three musketeers ended up being ousted.

Like any hypothesis, this is only worth so much. Nevertheless, it must be
pointed out that with the removal of Colonel Alladaye, President Kerekou now
finds himself alone, completely alone at the ruling controls. One by one, the
soldiers, ideologues and technocrats have lost his confidence. Some observers



spRS-$SA7857070
9 august 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

STEPS TO ENSURE NAMPULA MARKETING SUCCESS, NEW PRICES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Jun 85 p 3

[Text] The expanded meeting of the Nampula provincial government, held a few
days ago, concluded that, in order to ensure the success of the agrarian market-
ing campaign started in Nampula, there is an urgent need to arrange in advance
for bags, scales, transportation, preparation of the access routes, storage
facilities, supplies and the fulfillment of the inter-district and inter-
provincial purchasing and removal plans. At the same meeting, new prices were
also set for a group of consumer products.

As the member of the Central Committee, first provincial secretary of the
FRELIMO Party and governor, Feliciano Gundana, remarked, at the close of that
meeting, it may be concluded with satisfaction right now that there are good
prospects for the marketing of products to supply the people, particularly in
the family sector.

Also according to that official, the good marketing that is expected to be
accrued is due to the involvement of the cadres and the population in the
creative implementation of the Fourth Congress decisions.

Feliciano Gundana also noted that the commercial system has not yet fully
met the goals established for the people's supplies, the backing of marketing
and the elimination of speculation; because certain irregularities have been
found to exist, the most glaring one being the fact that some merchants live
outside the districts in which they have commercial establishments, thus
causing diversions of goods to parallel markets.

In view of this, the meeting decided that the proprietors of shops must estab-
lish permanent residences in the area of the districts, so that more effective
control may be ensured over the supplies, from their arrival in the district
to their distribution to the retailer and the consumer; thereby instilling in
the mind of the merchant and the producer the principle that improvement in
supplies entails proper marketing and removal of products.

The expanded meeting of the provincial government also made an assessment of
the problems in marketing cashew nuts, now in its final period. Regarding
this point, it was noted that a successful recovery of the marketing indexes
in comparison with the previous campaign had been achieved.

25



cso:

"In 1977, national service was doubled to ~
24 months.

The unrest in the mid-70s was accom-
panied by increased resistance to con-
scription. Many eligible soldiers left the
country and South African Outlook esti-
mates that, from 1975 to 1978, between
3.000 and 4000 conscripts failed to report
for service each year. Of these only one in
six was charged.

The first objectors to open the military
debate on a public level were from church
and student groups.

In the late 1970s, the Catholic, Anglican,
Methodist, Presbyterian, Congregational
and Baptist churches publicly supported
the right of every individual to object to
military service on the grounds of con-
science.

‘Then the increase in the period of mili-
tary camps in 1982 and the creation of
“Dad’s Army” for all white males until the
age of 55, aroused the interest of students
at the University of Cape Town.

A UCT meeting on conscription and the
focuses which followed showed many stu-
dents were opposed to compulsory ser-
vice, says South African Outlook.

3400/677

94

CONSIDERING OPTION

From then on, large numbers of people
from church groups and campusses were
considering objection as an option to mili-
tary service.

In 1983, the law gave religious pacifists
the status of conscientious objectors. But
those not accepted as religious and univer-
sal pacifists faced increased penalties: a
jail sentence of up to six years.

South African Outlook said that by
early 1983, at least eight objectors had
been prepared to make a public stand. The
issue needed a campaign with a clear pro-
gramme and a creative approach.

In mid-1983, 100 delegates from the Con-
scientious Objector Support Groups and
other groups met in Durban. The decision
was taken to launch a national campaign
against compulsory military service.

Since it was launched 18 months ago, the
campaign has had a significant impact on
the public — although not all positive. To
many white South Africans, the campaign
is seen as a threat.



PFP CONSIDERS CHANGES TO ACCOMMODATE ALL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jul 85 p 16

{Text]

cso:

THE Progressive Keder-
al Party is considering a
change in its structure to
accommodate all races,
following the repeal of
the Political Interfer-
ence Act.

The party’s structure is
now geared to White Par-
liamentary constituencies
and may have to be
changed to meet the par-
ty’s new requirements,
national chairman Mr
Colin Eglin told The Citi-
zen in an interview.

Asked about proposals
by Solidarity, official op-
position in the Indian
House of Delegates, that
it should form an alliance
with the PFP, Mr Eglin
said no talks had been
held between the two pol-
itical parties on the issue.

“The PEP is concerned
with broadening its own
membership, and to
speculate on alliances or
mergers at this stage
would be totally prema-
ture,” Mr Eglin said.

3400/665

** Asa prelude to the nat-
ional membership drive,
every region of the PFP
was analysing a number
of issues in its region.
These regional task forces
would report to a central
working group respon-
sible for the campaign.

Mr Eglin said that be-
fore the campaign was
launched new literature,
pamphlets and posters
would have to be drawn
up and printed.

A change in party
structure was also being
considered by a national
committee under Dr Alex
Boraine, chairman of the
party’s national —_ex-
ecutive, with Mr Neil
Ross as its chief executive
officer.

He explained that PFP
structure was at present
based on the delimination
of White Paliamentary
constituencies, which
overlapped the constitu-
encies of the other two
Houses of Parliament.

87

JPRS-SSA-857070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

“We have to consider
how to accommodate
multiracial membership
in branches, constituency
organisations and other
party formations. To give
one example, delegates to
our congresses are now
chosen at constituency le-
vel, but will in future
need to accommodate
people living in the same
area but falling into three
different: Parliamentary
constituencies.”

Because the _party’s
federal congress in Dur-
ban on August 30 and 31
would be held too early
for a new structure to be
finalised, he expected the
PFP federal executive to
be given some flexibility
in which to act in the im-
mediate future as regards
Party structure.

At this stage no date
could be given for the for-
mal launching of the mul-
tiracial membership
drive. ee



believe that Colonel Alladaye was one of the only men in his entourage still
able to exercise some influence on the Beninese head of state. Yet, whena
leader no longer has any fear of someone opposing him, the worst can happen
In effect, the danger of autocracy is becoming palpable.

9920
cso: 3419/462



JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CAMPUSES SPEARHEAD GROWING RESISTANCE TO MILITARY SERVICE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Jun 85 p 15

[Article by Susan Pleming, Education Reporter]

[Text]

Conscription is becoming a major issue at
most English-language universities, ac-
cording to the president of the National
Union of South African Students, Mr Bren-
dan Barry. :

A survey on campuses last year found that
64 percent of English-speaking students saw
the Defence Force as playing a supportive role
to apartheid, Mr Barry said.

“Most English-speaking students are in touch with
the political injustices in South Africa and there has
been an overwhelming rejection of SADF involve-
ment in the townships,” he explained.

The End Conscription Campaign was widely sup-
ported by students and there was a definite despon-
dency among them at the prospect of forfeitin,
two years of their lives to “support appartheid”.

“Conscription is one of the major reasons why so
many highly-qualified graduates prefer to leave
South Africa after completing their studies.”

Mr Barry added that student and other organisa- ‘
tions could play an important role in resisting con-
scription and in ending apartheid.

“Most students are concerned that there should be

a peaceful future in South Africa and they view in-
volvement with the SADF in political terms,” he
stressed.

Mr Barry renounced his rank as lieutenant at a
public meeting at Wits University last year and said
he would no longer serve in the Defence Force.

Resistance to conscription is not a recent issue. It
has gained momentum in South Africa over the
past 25 years.

But, while opposition to compulsory military ser-
vice has strengthened, the Government A in-
creased the size of the Defence Force and expanded
its operations.

93

RELATIVELY SMALL FORCE

An article in the April edition of the magazine
South African Outlook said the SADF was a relati-
vely small force until 1960 and consisted of about
10 000 volunteers. But Sharpeville, the declaration of
a state of emergency and the banning of the ANC
and the PAC motivated the Government to increase
its size.

Compulsory military service was introduced in
1967 and all white males had to do nine months’
army service.

At this time objectors from the “peace churches”
could be alloted for non-combatant duties either
through administrative discretion or by the exemp-
tion board. a
Most of these objectors were Jehovah's
* Witnesses and if they refused to serve -

without “any just cause”, they could be im-

prisoned for up to three months. They pro-

tested vigorously against the treatment of
people refusing to do military service.

In 1972 military service was increased
from nine to 12 months and the sentence
for refusing to serve rose to 15 months.

A provision was also made for Jehovah's
Witnesses: anyone sentenced to DB (deten-
tion barracks) for 12 months or more could
not be sentenced again — they had been
granted the status of conscientious objec-
tors.

In 1974, the South African Council of
Churches passed a motion at its annual
conference challenging the Government's
stand on conscientious objection.

This motion was immediately criticised
and the churches were divided on the
issue. But the implementation of the mo-
tion was stopped when the amended De-
fence Act made it an offence to assist or
encourage anyone to refuse to comply with
+ their call-up.



INCREASED INDUSTRIAL GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT NEEDED

Johannesburg SUNDAY STAR in English 23 Jun 85 p 5

[Article by Mike Peirson]

(Text]

cso:

DURBAN — South African manu-
facturers must face the immediate

“responsibility of breaking down

the country’s productivity barrier
to ensure prosperity and peace.

The alternative could be no
growth in the manufacturing in-
dustry at all within five years.

This frightening prospect was
spelled out this week by manufac-
turing management expert War-
wick Johnson of Poss] and John-
son.

“People try to blame the Gov-
ernment for our pathetic produc-
tivity,” he said. “But the culprits
are the captains of industry who,
in the main, choose to ignore the
‘manufacturing task.

“They have delegated its de-
velopment to middle managers
who, even if they had learnt what
was required, do not have the au-
thority to implement changes in
company strategy.”

The Government White Paper
on industrial strategy had outlined
the rapid growth needed in the
secondary sector to create more-
jobs and spending power. This
growth could not be achieved by
continuing tariff protection and
import replacement — it needed
aggressive trading in world mar-
kets. .
This required a co-ordinated ap-
proach by companies to make the
manufacturing function a top pri-
ority at the highest level, linked to
an effective long-term export poli-

Fonge have a good base of tech-
nology, good people and a pretty
good nucleus of management.
These resources, however, are pre-
vented from meeting objectives by
the productivity barrier. But pro-

3400/637

ductivity improvement has always
been approached on a fragmen-
tary basis and the results have
usually been disappointing.”

Mr Johnson said the root of
Japan’s success lay in top manage-
ment’s recognition that the heart
of a manufacturing organisation
was not marketing activity or an
accounting of what had happened
in the previous period, but the
ability to produce consistently
high- quality, functional products
at minimum cost when the market
needed them.

This philosophy was generally
recognised as “just-in-time”, or a
stockless production technique
which manufactured instantly the

, product when the customer needed.

it.

Mr Johnson claimed that under
a “just-in-time” strategy no less
than 70 percent of manufacturers’
decisions would be different.

“To produce what is needed we
must make today what we plan to
ship tomorrow from what we
bought yesterday.”

This was a‘far cry from Western
manufacturing culture, but it cut
out many of the accrued costs and
productivity levels had been
known to increase by as much as
30 percent a year.

“Most South African manufac-
turing businesses are unmanage-
able because there are too many
events to plan and too many de-
viations from the plans to enable
TMmanagement to correct them.”

If South African manufacturers
recognised that they had to put
manufacturing visibility up in the
top planning area, there would be
some dramatically positive results
in the next five years.

JPRS~SSA=85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

CONCERN OVER VIOLENCE EXPRESSED--The Black Sash /women's antiapartheid group/
has expressed deep concern over what it calls continuing vigilante activity in
the Welkom township of (Thabong). It says it has met with the attorney general
staff in Bloemfontein but so far nothing has been done about the allegations of
assault on members from the community. Here is Zahed Kachalia. /Kunchalia/

The Black Sash has made available a dossier of 50 statements made by (Thabong)
residents, and this has been handed to the authorities. The statements include
allegations of assault by members of the (Thabong) town council, and paid
vigilantes who have been identified. At least three people have been killed

in the incidents, one person has been blinded, and many others have been
injured. The Black Sash says police are aware of the situation, but no prosecu-
tion has resulted. In some instances, (Thabong) residents claim that police
have refused to accept their complaints. Many of the assaults are alleged to
have taken place at an administration board building in Welkom known as room 29
where victims are said to have been held down while being whipped with sjamboks,
often by six people simultaneously. Many of those responsible are alleged to

be community councillors, and in one case the mayor of (Thabong) is said to

have taken part in an attack on people holding a vigil. /Text/ /Umtata Capital
Radio in English 0600 GMT 12 Jul 85/

cso: 3400/663

114



DISCRIMINATION OF BLACK LAWYERS HAMPERS LEGAL PROFESSION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Jul 85 p 17

[Article by Phil Mtimkulu]

[Text]

In 1959 Mr Godfrey Pitje, one
of the oldest attorneys in prac-
tice today, was charged with
contempt of court for refusing
to sit at a separate table from
his white colleagues.

Mr Pitje, who was then
working for the Mandela and
Tambo law firm, was sen-
tenced to a fine of R10 or 10
days. He refused to pay the fine
and he was sent to the cells.

The matter was taken on ap-
peal to the Transvaal Provin-
cial Division and later the Ap-
pellate Division in Bloemfon-
tein, but Mr Pitje lost.

Since the time of this kind of
discrimination, according to
Mr Stan Treisman, the vice-
president of the Transvaal Law
Society, things have changed.

This is what Mr Treisman
told a meeting of the Black
Lawyers’ Association over the
weekend in Welkom.

NO CHANGE

But the young lawyers in the
profession stared in amaze-
ment at Mr Treisman.-

As far as they were con-

cso: 3400/652

cerned things have not changed
from the day when white law-
yers objected to blacks refer-
ring to them as “my geleerde
vriend” (my learned friend).

And to prove this they had a
list of grievances which they
said the law society was not at-
tending to.

Top of the list was the Group
Areas Act. Under this Act
black lawyers are not supposed
to occupy premises in town —
they can only have offices in
the townships.

For them to have offices in
a city they have to apply for a
permit. They claim that this is
difficult to obtain.

Mr Pitje said when they ap-
plied for premises, landlords
always asked for a permit.

HOUNDED

A young black lawyer de-
scribed how he had been
hounded from various premises
in Potgietersrus because of the
Group Areas Act.

He said they were not im-
pressed with the efforts of the
Jaw society and the changes Mr

61

JPRS-SSA~85-070

9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Treisman was talking about.

“I will become personal. The
law society has done nothing
for me,” he said.

Mr Treisman said the law
society could not change the
Group Areas Act, but it could
apply for exemptions from var-
ious Government departments
and in this regard thé society
had had a measure of success.

While recognising that some
measures of Government legis-
lation hamstrung them in their
duties, the lawyers felt bitter
about subtle discrimination
which they said was practised
by epurt officials.

Mr Pitje said it was difficult
for a black attorney to get a
postponement over the tele-
phone. He had to go to court
and sometimes wait until late
in the afternoon for a remand
date. This cost time and money
and black clients were often
unwilling to pay if there was no
hearing.

He also said cases featuring
black attorneys were always
placed at the bottom of the
rol. :



AFRIKAANS YOUTH RELIGIOUS CONVICTIONS STEADFAST

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Jul 85 p 11

[Text]

cso:

TEENAGE Afrikaners
are by and large steadfast
in their religious convic-
tions and very few have
been wooed away by tele-
vision from their attach-
ment to the church.

This is one of the find-
ings of an in-depth survey
by a Human Sciences Re-
search Council (HSRC)
investigator, Mrs Jeanne
Senekal, on the effect of
television on the religious
activities of Afrikaans-
speaking secondary
school pupils.

3400/665

Mrs Senekal said in her
Teport, released in Pre-
toria yesterday, that relig-
ion “on the whole” still
played an important role
in the lives of Afrikaans-
speaking secondary
school pupils.

And this, she said, was
despite the possible ef-
fects of modern technol-
ogy and television.

In her survey, she

67

found that more than 60
percent of all Afrikaans-
speaking secondary
school pupils attended
church once a week or
more; 80,2 percent read
the Bible regularly; 88,9
percent usually said grace
at table; 90,1 percent toa
greater or lesser extent
said their own prayers;
and 61,4 percent were in-
volved in church youth
society activities.

She said that from 1974
— two years before the
introduction of television
— annual surveys were
conducted with the help
of the four provincial edu-
cation departments.

In the eight-year period
of the research project,
24 131 Afrikaans-speak-
ing secondary school pu-
pils of different religious
denominations were in-
volved.

Religious involvement
was regarded as a barom-

JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

eter of deep rooted relig-
ious values, she said.

Television had been a
Popular pasttime among
school-going children vir-
tually from the start.

In 1977, only a year
after the introduction of
television, the viewing
time of Standard Six pu-
pils was 20,9 hours a
week.

In the investigation it
was found that — with the
exception of the boys in
the heavy viewing group,
where there were indica-
tions of a slight negative
effect in Bible reading,
study and prayer — tele-
vision had very little ef-
fect on the groups as a
whole.

“Television evidently
does not affect activities
such as the attendance of
church services, partici-
pation in church youth so-
Ciety affairs, family pray-
ers, or the saying of grace
at table,” she said.



JPRS-SSA=-85~-070
9 August 1985

ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

HARD TIMES FOR WSLF--Abdinasir Sheikh Aden, secretary general of the ‘estern
Somali Liberation Front that is fighting the Addis Ababa regime for the in-
dependence of the Ogaden, indicated June 16 in Nairobi that the front's oper-
ations had been set back by the drought and by an epidemic of cholera. 1.0.N.--
The decline of the WSLF has little to do with natural causes. The defeat of
Somalia in the Ogaden war, Mogadishu's caution about Somali territorial

claims there and the internal trouble of the Somali regime are the factors

that have caused a reduction in aid to the WSLF and cut back its operations,
[Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 22 Jun 85 p 5]

CSO: 3400/635



NATION'S DECISION TO BUILD OWN HELICOPTERS REVEALED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Jul 85 p 2

{Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text] SOUTH Africa is consid-

cso:

ering building its own

military helicopters, ac- :
cording to the magazine :

Africa Defence.

Whether the proposal -
goes ahead depends on fi- -
nance and the outcome of ;
the Namibia peace initia-~

tives, says the report.

It suggests the helicopters ©
might be made by Atlas, the :

company set up to produce
South Africa's military aircraft
which has stopped producing
Impala fighter/trainer jets,

having made enough for cur- °

rent requirements, and which
is no longer assembling Mirage
fighters, says the article.

South Africa’s military heli-
copter fleet at present consists
mainly of French-made
Alouettes, Pumas and the
larger Frelon, together with a
few British-made Wasp naval
helicopters.

The article, by Colonel Nor-

: man Dodd, a British freelance
writer on military affairs, says
Armscor has succeeded beyond
the expectations of its founders
in providing for South Africa’s
.arms needs.

African Defence is an Eng- .

lish-language monthly pub-
‘lished in Paris and devoted to
‘military matters in Africa.

3400/677

" The article quotes the Arm-
scor chairman, Commandant
PG Marais, as saying South
African forces may well be
outnumbered by potential ene-
-Mies, who might have more
modern ships and aircraft.

South Africa must therefore
keep ahead in developing
“force-multiplying” | weapons
and equipment and be able to
update its less modern ships
and aircraft.

In_ addition, says Colonel
Dodd, “men on the ground must
be able to outfight their ene-
mies by day and by night,
hence the emphasis on good
‘night-fighting equipment and
on sights and other optics.

“The South African army al-
ready has the lightest rifle
night sight in the world.”

‘The requirements of the air
force and navy may be harder
to meet, he writes.

Minister-class fast missile
boats have been built at the
Sandock Austral yard in Dur-
‘ban. Evaluations are being
made of the future require-
ments for larger vessels of the
corvette type and the eventual
replacement, if required, of the

. three Daphne-class subma-
* rines.
“There is no doubt that South

Africa has the capability to
build these ships but it would

95

JPRS~SSA=85~070
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

be extremely expensive and in
the present economic situation
it is unlikely that such expendi-
ture could be authorised,” says
Colonel Dodd.

“Emphasis is therefore at
present on the updating and up-
grading of the weapons sys-
tems on the present ships.”

In the air force, says Colonel
Dodd, the emphasis is also on
the upgrading of navigation
and electronic warfare equip-
ment and weapons systems.
New air-to-air missiles are
being developed, as well as
various types of retarded and
similar bombs.

Armscor reached its peak in
1982, says the article. There has
been no overall reduction in
strength but “production in
some factories has been cur-
tailed and other plants are car-
rying out more refurbishing
than new production.”

The article quotes Comman-
dant Marais as saying that
some facilities could be moth-
balled but it was vital that the
“know-how” be retained.

Commenting on Armscor's
ability to compete in world
arms sales markets, Comman-
dant Marais is quoted as saying
that because of South Africa's
independent production it did
not need to attach strings to
the sale and export of any of its
products.



People often huddle together, A docker succeeds in pilfering a bag of rice,
flour or even sugar. Soon afterward, a few of his colleagues jump on him for
a piece of the "action," with the complicity of the security guards who also
get their share. A transport agent declared that earning from these trans-
actions brought in no less than 2,000 sylis a day.

A businessman declared that "Goods shipped in containers are always short on
arrival. The rats of the port of Conarky are very experienced and they cannot
understand that their profit comes from the hard work of some of their fellow
countrymen."

"For this reason," maintains a teacher, "a supervisor assigned to the port of
Conarky knows that he will easily earn a fortune q)."

6857
CSO: 3419/442

17



The officials explained that the delay in presenting the plans was as a
result of their being compiled abroad.

Among other things, an oil spill contingency plan must spell out priority
land and sea areas, evolve a spill control team and have a stock of spill
control equipment.

In another development, oil spilled in the country's offshore and onshore
areas between 1970 and 1983 amounted to 1,711,354.6 barrels, sources close
to the NNPC said last week in Lagos.

According to figures made available to the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN),
32,365.27 barrels were spilled in 1983 compared with 150 barrels recorded
in a single spill in 1970.

The net volume loss, after recoveries, was about 284,650 barrels between
1971-75 in 347 incidents, with 1975 recording 128 spills, the highest
number during the five-year period, resulting in a net loss of 56,854.82
barrels.

Although 59 spills were recorded in 1973, the net volume loss amounted to
95,580 barrels, the figures showed.

During the 1976-80 period, 1,336,875 barrels were spilled in 748 incidents,
with 1980 recording 241 spills which included the extensive Texaco (Overseas)

Petroleum Company of Nigeria's Funiwa-5 oil well blowout, eight kilometres
off the Niger delta.

The highest net volume loss of 630,405 barrels during the period occurred
in 1979 in 157 spills.

In 1981 and 1982, 22,840 barrels and 34,474.6 barrels were spilled in 233
and 216 incidents respectively.

cso: 3400/646

46



The revelation by the French publication LETTRE D'AFRIQUE that the
South African troops at Cabinda were betrayed by the American secret
service, the CIA, subsequently exploded like a bomb in military circles.

LETTRE D'AFRIQUE is generally viewed as an authoritative voice of the
French secret service. The publication writes: "We are in a position
to state categorically that it was the CIA that informed the government
of Angola as to the abovementioned operation in Cabinda after it had
obtained precise information from CIA agents in South Africa itself."

There were two reasons for the CIA's intervention, says the publication.
In the first place it protected the American oil interests’ installations
in Cabinda. In the second place it showed the government of Angola that
the United States is not an unconditional ally of the white South African
government.

Political circles in South Africa attribute yet a third motive to the
CIA, namely, to discredit the South African Army in the eyes of both
South African and American politicians, and thereby to make it easier
for Mr P.W. Botha to get rid of his military leaders who can be
associated with the strategy of active defense.

The most disturbing factor in the situation is the comment in LETTRE
D'AFRIQUE that South Africa's white leaders were "stupid" to entrust the
CIA with information such as that about the Cabinda operation.

This criticism, given prominence in the French secret service publication,
whose editor is known to be exceptionally sympathetically disposed toward
South Africa, is in the circumstances seen by experts as a clear warning
to the South African government that the CIA has a highly placed spy in
its midst. There is also conjecture over the reasons why the French
secret service would have chosen to convey such a warning by means of

its mouthpiece instead of by discreet official contacts.

In the meanwhile, Dr Jonas Savimbi, the leader of UNITA, has taken steps
to recruit new Western supporters to replace South African support.

Dr Savimbi has succeeded in obtaining the collaboration of a right-leaning
American organization known as the "Citizens for America," under the
leadership of Mr Lewis Lehrman, an extremely rich politican from New York
who is a friend of President Ronald Reagan's.

With his help Dr Savimbi organized a world congress of rightist resistance
movements from Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Laos, and Cambodia,
which with Mr Lehrman's help ‘are now seeking political influence with the
American and other governments. That congress closed last week with the
expectation that a campaign of active "lobbying" will be launched in the
United States. In the course of the campaign Dr Crocker's position may
also be greatly weakened.

12906
cso: 3401/229 91



of land fill amounting to nearly 8 million cubic meters), the project is
considered by both the Mozambican and the Italian authorities as a genuine
impetus to the appreciation and development of agriculture, most particularly
in the southern part of the country.

During the present construction phase, the water from the Sabie River will be
carried downstream of the area of the dam project, by constructing a first
phase dam (a cofferdam), based on two reinforced concrete conduits with a
volume of flow of 600 cubic meters per second for each. For the unusual
floods, consideration is being given to the possibility of having the project
cause the river water to flow through a diversion channel, with a volume of
flow of 2,700 cubic meters per second, built across the body of the dam.

It is also planned to build a flood wasteway located at the edge of the intake
structures (consisting of a maneuvering tower to activate two gates shutting
off the conduits); which, through six radial gates, will allow for the regula-
tion of the flood removal up to a maximum volume of flow of 6,100 cubic meters
per second.

Philosophy of the Program

The technical agreement signed between the State Secretariat of Agricultural
Hydraulics and BONIFICA, in connection with the project to develop the Sabie-
Nkomati region, calls for the following objectives, primarily:

To establish in the Ministry of Agriculture a consultative section of SEHA
[State Secretariat of Agricultural Hydraulics] (a technical unit of the
UTP Project), comprised of specialists from BONIFICA and Mozambicans.

To allow for the starting of the initiative by solving the food problem, based
on the cultivation (as a first activity of the program) of at least 150
hectares of land along the Sabie River in order to procure the first food
products within a year.

To guarantee 3 years of assistance to the agricultural activity of the irrigated
farms and the livestock activity of the cattle raising facilities; a task to

be carried out jointly with the Moamba Agricultural Enterprise, the agency
charged with rendering assistance to the farmers in the project area.

Territorial Distribution

Based on the territorial applications identified in the basic studies for the
project, a development plan was studied which calls for the following territo-
rial distribution:

Total irrigated area: 36,103 hectares; areas for settlement, agroindustries
and services: 2,873 hectares; area for reforestation: 3,275 hectares; area
for future expansion of dry season agriculture: 3,349 hectares; area for
production of firewood for family use: 4,693 hectares.

2909
CsO: 3442/332

29



JPRS~SSA-85-070
9 August 1985

GUINEA

BLACK MARKET ACTIVITIES DISCUSSED
Paris AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 29 May-4 Jun 85, pp 6-7
[Article by Sory Balde: "To Manage in Guinea"]

[Text] "If I had to count on my salary alone, I would be unable
to survive for more than a week after getting paid." Any Guinean
civil servants, whatever his grade, will tell you that. Yet,
despite what he calls his "meager salary," he is wealthier than
his Bamako, Ouagadougou, Cotonou and even Dakar colleagues. And
this, thanks to his "hustling."

It is an interesting fact that Guineans certainly receive the lowest wages in
Africa, if the cost of living is taken into account. A higher first-class
cadres does not even earn 20,000 sylis, whereas the lowest paid worker does

not even earn 2,000 sylis. In order to buy vital commodities such as rice,

oil, soap, sugar, etc. they must spend much more than they earn. In most cases,
these goods are imported.

Rents and transportation are just as expensive and, unfortunately, it is dif-
ficult to find a room or a house to rent, a taxi or bus to go to work. Need-
less to say that when a house or a taxi is found, prices are set accordingly.
How then does the Guinean manage?

Find a Channei

This situation is said to be the result of the law of 8 November 1984,

which also abolished private enterprise for the benefit of state commerce.

The scarcity of consumers’ goods began to be felt from that day on. Shortages
increased over the following years and reached alarming records beginning in
1974. The 27 August 1977 "women's march" on the presidential palace is still
remembered. As a result, President Sékou Touré was forced to ease
restrictions slightly by authorizing private enterprise which, in reality, had
never stopped despite the state war against it: Practically everything was
being sold under cover.

Used to shopping on the thck market, Guineans are no longer even aware that they

spend a lot of money to provide for their needs. Each person is looking for
a channel through which to rip big financiai and material profits. This is

13



JPRS-SSA-85~-070
9 August 1985

REUNION

KICHENIN SHAKES UP LEFT

Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 22 Jun 85 p 5

[Text]

Motivated by what he saw as inactivity by the left (Communists,
Socialists) in the main city of Reunion, Dr. Axel KICHENIN, mayor of

Sainte Marie and founder of the Movement of Reunion Progressives, has
started a big membership and poster-pasting drive in Saint Denis. This

strategy is directly dictated by the change in French election
procedures. In an election under the new proportional system covering the
entire department of Reunion, 10 or 15 per cent of the votes cast ina
big city (Saint Denis has 110,000 residents) are equivalent to half of
those in a town like Sainte Marie (population 17,000).

Mr. KICHENIN, 35, who last November transformed the two-year-old
Movement of Leftist Progressives into the Movement of Reunion
Progressives, is not bashful about wanting to see his organization
solidly rooted throughout the island. Despite an indictment for
embezzlement, he managed in March to win the post of counselor-general of.
Sainte Marie, which had been held by Yves BARAU, a leader of the rightist
RPR who is close to Michel DEBRE.

The MPR, basically a moderate left group, uses a different kind of
political language from that of the other parties. It stresses Reunion's
specific character and "respect for dignity", and fits into a cultural
niche on the political scene. For example, in Mr. KICHENIN'S town, each
ethnic group has its own holiday. These ideas find an audience primarily
within Reunion's Indian community from which Mr. KICHENIN comes.
Recently, he protested the fact that no events had been organized on the
island on the occasion of the Year of India, which opened this month in
France to coincide with the visit of the Indian prime minister.

The MPR, whose zone of influence stretches into the farm communities
in the east where Indians are in the majority (Sainte Suzanne and Saint
Andre), is known for its strong field work using methods like those of
the Reunion Communist Party (appointment of district leaders, door to
door canvassing, meetings and presence of the party leader at all
festivals). At Sainte Marie, the Communist Party of Paul VERGES was the
first victim of the MPR. In two years, the Communists’ share of the
electorate fell from 25 to under 5 per cent in the last cantonal vote. In

the 1983 regional elections, Mr. KICHENIN backed the Socialists. While he
is unlikely to change alliances, the mayor of Sainte Marie is expected to
be very demanding next year of a partner that emerged greatly weakened
from the cantonal elections.

CSO: 3400/635
57



95-070

gprs-SsA~ 5
9 August 198
- SOUTH AFRICA
ANGLICAN CALL FOR PROBE INTO POLICE ACTIVITIES
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Jul 85 p 12
[Text]
DURBAN. — The Angli- possible to investigate the Johannesburg, said he
can Synod in Pieter- actions of the police and was “sickened by the in-
maritzburg last night sent Defence Force and also to creasing violence”.
a telegram to the State try and find resolutions to He said South Africa
President, Mr P W Botha; the escalating violence in was “‘a sick society”.
the Minister of Defence, South Africa. ‘
General Magnus Malan; Leaders SADF raid
and the Minister of Law << moti
and Order, Mr Louis le iy member of the His motion also drew
Grange, calling for a ju- in Church. Mr Bill attention to the recent
dicial inquiry into the ac- rms, said at the synod SADF raid in Gaborone.
tivities of both the SA last night South Africa's Botswana. the throwing
Police and the Defence leaders would have to talk of handgrenades at the
Force recently. to the leaders of the ANC homes of members of the
The te and Swapo. House of Representatives
sen ne ea ere Mr Cairns introduced and the fire-bombing of
passed unanimously by an urgent motion which homes in various town-
the 200-odd delegates at- read: “This synod, noting ships in South Africa.
tending the synod. with horror the increasing The synod also debated
In a lengthy emergency use of violence in South the “violence in Duduza
debate, numerous speak- Africa in recent weeks in on the East Rand in
ers deplored the activities order to achieve political which eight people were
ends, declares that the killed recently".

of both the police and the The motion was car-

use of violence is contrary

Defence Force. particu use of violence is cont ried
larly on the East Rand in e teachings of Jesus ; .
the Black township of Christ.” The Archbishop of

The resolution also Cape Town. Archbishop

Duduza where several
people have been killed in
the past few weeks.

Phillip = Russell. sus-
pended the standing rules
so that the motion could

called on all people in
Southern Africa to re-

The synod called on Mr nounce the use of viol-
PW Botha. Gen Malan ence and to seek a just so- be debated.
and Mr Le Grange to ap- lution to problems in the He also expressed con-
point a judicial inquiry oe sub-continent. cern at the increasing vi-
Mr Cairns, whose mo- olence in South Africa.

commission as soon as
tion was seconded by

Bishop Desmond Tutu, of

CSO: 3400/664

110



According to Mr Howe, unemployed and unemployable adults seem to be the driving
force behind the second cycle, compared to the role of schoolchildren in the

first.

A major new feature of the second cycle is that the factionalism between groups
such as the UDF and AZAPO, which was first highlighted by the visit of Senator
Edward Kennedy in January, and which has since escalated into open warfare.

Mr Howe also said a common feature of recent unrest cycles is the extent to
which militant organization and protests have penetrated rural areas and hitherto
virtually unknown townships.

He said that the high profile of army intervention indicates the severity of
the current unrest.

He noted as a major trend the shift from attack on government institutions
manned by whites to attacks on public and private property manned or owned by
urban, middle-class blacks.

In the wake of such attacks at least 240 black councillors have resigned by
June 1985, leaving only between three to six town councils operative.

csO: 3400/663

112



ZIMBABWE

Mugabe Will Face Opposition to One-Party State
(THE CITIZEN, 8 Jul 85). ccccccccccccccccsencccvcccccescves 116

Mugabe Confers With Key Aides on New Government
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Jul 85).cccccceccccccccccccccscceccccceces 119

Army To Test New Truck for Troops
(THE HERALD, 28 Jun 85)eccccccccccccccscccccccccescecceces 121

-f-



subscribe to its fundamental principles and objectives to become members.

If a secret rightwing organization has in fact been formed, it presumably

consists of old members of the Broederbond who could simply no longer hold
out in an organization that has so consciously departed from its original

purpose and struggle."

"It is another example of the tragic inability of the Broederbond to keep
Afrikaners united."

"It must, however, be clearly stated that the Volkswag is not connected
with any secret or political party. The members that it binds together
are Afrikaners who belong together because of inner conviction. Its head
leadership and various committees are quite capable of coping with their
task and have no need or plans to become a front organization for anyone
whatsoever," says Professor Boshoff.

12906
CSO: 3401/229

89



JPRS-SSA~85-070
9 August 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

STUDY REVEALS EXTENSIVE MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Jun 85 p 25

[Text] Detailed studies and other efforts carried out in the mineral
resources sector have confirmed that extremely valuable deposits exist in
Mozambique, with reserves totaling about 50 million tons of titanium magnetite
in Tete, and probably nearly 100,000 tons of copper in that same province.
Between 1977 and 1983, it was possible to identify large quantities of iron
ores, bauxites, apatite and asbestos.

A pamphlet put out some days ago by the Economic Documentation Center of the
National Planning Committee provides extremely valuable data on the
statistical reports pertaining to the period between 1975 and 1984, with
emphasis on the studies carried out in the mineral resources, fishing and farm
and industrial production sectors and demographic characteristics.

In the pegmatite region in Zambezia, reserves for the production of tantalum
oxide were found, and there are iron ore deposits in Manica, Tete and Nampula,
with estimated reserves of 124 million tons. In Zambezia and in Niassa, there
are 130,000 tons of bauxite reserves and concentrations of nepheline syenite
in quantities in excess of 4 million tons.

According to the reports, the coastal region between Quelimane and Angoche
contains about 40 million tons of heavy mineral reserves in the sand, and it
is estimated that there are geological reserves of apatite in Nampula totaling
about 150 million tons.

In the geological studies sector, research was done between 1977 and 1983 on
pegmatite and iron ores, apatite, bauxite, clays and other minerals. There
are deposits of gold, radioactive ores, graphite, black and red granites,
precious and semiprecious stones and tantalum ores.

On the other hand, geologic cartography work and mineral inventories have been
carried out in our country, including aerogeophysical and geochemical surveys
on various scales, with a view to increasing our understanding of the
geological-economic potential of Mozambique.

In the energy resources sector, important discoveries were made by the Gulf
Oil company during the period of its activity in Mozambique. The main

34



ARMY TO TEST NEW TRUCK FOR TROOPS

Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Jun 85 p 11

{Text]

THE Zimbebwe | Na-
tional Army is to be
given a French-bult Ace
mat. ier to

‘in continuous
tion, serving:
and in
eeveral other’
forces,

cso: 3400/651

trates on
‘ean stand rigorous con-
dition: s and that can take

enything average
military anny is iikely
to inflict on his vehicle.
Bepatr and maintenance
ept ag simple ag
sitle and
goed with the

dard. Indeed
+ gonstant design just 3 000

are mi for a
por iry stores list.

The 21-seater version,
the type that will be pre-

sented to the army for

END

a design that testi

cy
7300 0 Eg we ‘when loaded and
can tow a 3 000 kg trailer
or gun. A

clearance of 60cm allows
the, fruck to operate over

bee Rae eerie? siceylnder

Perde diesel engine
pull the, eel engine up @ 3s
degree sl

The enj delivers 90
kW at 2 revolutions a
minute. Each truck car
ries 360 litres of fuel in
two tanks and there is

121

ZIMBABWE

room for four 20-litre
jerricans, A 200-litre
water tank is also fitted.

Besides the ti car-
wier versions, whit

other military vehicles --
tractors, mortar

gun
platforms, gun " platforms,
econnaissance, support
vehicles, ambulances, fir:
fighting and command
vehicles.



JPRS~SsA~85-079
9 August 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER SPLIT HAMPERS CULTURAL GROUPS
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jul 85 p 8

[Text] Bloemfontein--There were factors that increasingly impeded the work
of Afrikaans cultural organisations. No one who had the interests of the
Afrikaner nation at heart could ignore the dissension in Afrikaner ranks,
according to the 56th annual report of the Federasie van Afrikaanse
Kultuurvereniginge (FAK), presented to the organisation's annual meeting in
Bloemfontein yesterday.

This unsavoury situation had spread from the party political front to the
cultural field. It did not help to deny that the FAK as an organisation had
also suffered, but it would be equally as misleading not to reflect the con-
tinued cultural achievements of the FAK and its members.

True to the call of the chairman, Professor G.G. Cillie, that they should
not be discouraged by the thought that temporarily there would be fewer to
pull the FAK-wagon through the drift, the members of the FAK--through hard
work and a genuine love for what was their own--had built on the good things
that had been brought about by the organisation through the years.

There had been an extensive polemic over the chief executive's decision not
to grant affiliation to Afrikaner-Volkswag. Several individual members and
certain affiliated and collaborative organisations had considered it neces-
sary to end their membership.

Where the executive considered the decision not to affiliate the Afrikaner-
Volkswag to be in the best interest of the FAK, the resignations were noted
with regret. However, there had been many new applications from individual
members and affiliated and collaborative organisations, while many members
who had neglected their connection with the FAK had sought renewed associa-~
tion.--Sapa.

CsO: 3400/681

96



served to carry the undertaking forward, and we can say today that an area of
more than 8,000 hectares is being developed in corn, and this is despite still
other problems, particularly fuel. This is an enterprise which justifies
great hopes. The effects and results are beginning to be seen.

There is much work to be done and what is most encouraging is to see the
confidence and the faith on the part of individuals that only by working, only
through the greatest effort from each one of us is it truly possible to do
here what may at first glance seem impossible or unachievable, to those who do
not have confidence in the achieving strength of the people when they are
organized and staffed.

We encounter certain difficulties with the undertaking in Nauela, where
120,000 hectares are being developed for corn and grains in collaboration with
the GDR. We are not proceeding here at the same rate as in Lioma, due to
other problems, particularly security. But we can say that the Mozambican
cadres who are in Nauela are demonstrating the viability of achieving what has
been planned here and harvesting the fruits of this effort in a relatively
short period of historical time.

In the Licungo Valley, we have the Nanre project, in a zone with great
horticultural potential. We are just beginning now, but the results we can
obtain, again despite the destabilizing activities of the armed bandits, are
encouraging.

There we have also been able to utilize the experience of the Korean comrades,
and we have been able to continue this work. The Mozambican cadres have been
able to do this and to say "no" to armed banditry. They do not abandon their
work, whatever the conditions may be, and they are prepared to carry it
through to the end.

Each year that we can succeed in developing larger areas gives us greater
hope. And this is the path to be followed. There is no other way. We are
involved in the rehabilitation of the plateau land in the Gurue zone, with the
help of the ADB [African Development Bank], which has yielded more and better
achievements every year, not only in rehabilitation but in the improvement of
treatment techniques. And there has been a further advance in the production
of some equipment which previously was imported but which it is now possible
to produce in Gurue itself. .

A few sections remain for the completion of the Center-North Highway. This is
a strategic route for the development of the country and we will complete it.

We recently launched a project to rehabilitate the palm plantations of the
Boror enterprise, with Central Fund financing. The investments made there
indicate that we will achieve success in this area too.

We have begun cultivating coffee in Gurue in the course of this decade. About
30 hectares are planted and although the first production is not such as to
allow an estimate of the coffee potential, the first results are rather
encouraging.

37