[Question] After having seen him in government for eight months, do you still
believe he is a threat to democracy?

[Answer] Honestly, yes. .He is an impatient, impossible man! Look at his
reactions to the teachers! He is.an arrogant man who does not tolerate
contradiction or obstacles in his path. All that is attributed to his impossi-
ble personality. As for me, I think he is a man determined to follow his
philosophy to the end and do it.-- I do not deny it -- in his mind, for the
greater good of our country. But all dictators always think they are working
for the good of their country! They firmly believe that a single man must
decide for a certain amount of time. In short, I therefore believe that

the continuation of the MMM/PSM alliance in its current structures is a kind
of guarantee for democracy. That alliance will inevitably break up in the end
because I cannot imagine the PSM going into the elections with Berenger again.
But it will not break up immediately and it is good that it be that way.

[Question] There has been a great deal of talk recently about the communal
limitations that make it difficult for a non-Hindu to gain access to govern-
ment posts. From your 25 years in politics, what is your impression on that
subject?

[Answer] Berenger made a fundamental mistake as far as his career is concerned:
that of believing that the result of the 1982 elections would have been differ-
ent if he had waged the campaign as alternative prime minister. That is not
true. In the context of the latest general elections in June, if he had told
the country clearly: "I want to be prime minister," the people would certainly
have voted in the same way or nearly the same way. In June, it was possible
for him to be prime minister if he had wanted. Now my political experience
tells me that that situation will never happen again and it will take a long
time for a non-Hindu to be accepted as a possible prime minister. The MMM

had done considerable work in 10 years-against communalism, to the point that
people were thinking "class" and not "race." Berenger's peak was in June 1982.
With or without Jugnauth, he would have won a comfortable majority and would
now have been prime minister. He missed the boat. He said to himself: "That
does not matter. I will control Jugnauth. I will’ be Father Joseph, the grey
eminence." But it did not happen that way because our system makes the acting
prime minister master of the political game. After the crises of October, of
communalism everywhere, I now see a feeling of insecurity among the Hindus,
who see Jugnauth and Boodhoo threatened. Once bitten, twice shy. I therefore
no longer see Berenger as prime minister; neither he nor any other non-Hindu
and for a long time to come.

[Question] You are now asking for the elections to be moved up. Do you think
that will help the country under the present circumstances?

[Answer]. I am not truly and seriously asking for general elections. I simply
think that this government will not be able, after December, to continue to
impose austerity on the population. There will be turmoil in the country if
it continues. Under such conditions, it would be better to have a new mandate
for austerity.

56



"MYSTERIOUS ESCAPE' OF ALLEGED SAP MEN SAID TO EMBARRASS LESOTHO

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 30 Mar 83 pp 7, 6

[Text]

(MASERU — The mys-
‘terious escape of seven
‘alleged South African
licemen from Lesotho
custody has acute-
embarrassed. the Ma-
‘seru Government and
i the

‘did they ever exist?

<. ‘The seven were

after Lesotho Police in-
stercepted a gang of
saboteurs who were
‘about to blow up “elec-
‘tricity installations” on
‘Saturday night, Foreign
:khonyana told- The so-

}WETAN Foreign Ser-
in an exclusive in-

Heagues did on the eve of
ithe Maseru raid of De-
lcember 9. They had
Holled around Maseru
hotels in plain clothes
‘with hired cars.

+ The SAP seven’s pur-
‘pose was.to “follow up”
;the saboteurs either by
jhelping with transport,
‘or giving orders or mak-
ing “observations”, the
Minister said.

|. The, interrogation of
tthe saboteurs led to the
arrest of the South Afri-
icans, he said, whieh was
followed on Sunday by

120

jthe rounding up of
[“LLA collaborators” in
*Maseru. During this last
operation, Lieutenant
Colonel B Thakalekoala
fof the Lesotho Police
iwas shot and wounded
I(he is now in the Queen
‘Elizabeth Hospital) and
-arms, ammunition and
‘explosives were seized.

RELEASED

= The Government was
#-said to have told foreign
embassies of their SAP
catch. But Monday’s
1pm - news bulletin on
& Radio Lesotho revealed
the alleged SAP men
Thad been “released”
‘without authorisation.

Their release was
D“very strange”, said the
Foreign Minister.

What struck observers
here as a prize weapon
for Lesotho in its verbal
war with South Africa

{seemed to have re-
bounded to Maseru’s
| iseredit
& The Government
{gave-no clue as ‘to how
ithe. alleged SAP ‘men
éprocured.‘their release,
‘saying only. the matter
‘was under investigation. —
~Asked for evidence
that the captives were
SAP — such as their

SOUTH AFRICA



ANGOLA”

BRIEFS

CRUDE EXPORTS TO BRAZIL——Angolan Planning Minister Lopo do Nascimento arrived
in Brazilia last Monday for a series of talks aimed at increasing commercial
relations between Angola and Brazil. The Angolan minister, who is accompanied
notably by (Antonio da Silva), the deputy governor of the: National Bank of
Angola, was received by Brazilian foreign trade officials. Angola, whose
crude exports to Brazil total about 10,000 barrels a day, wishes to increase
the quantity to 20,000 barrels. The issue will be discussed by the two dele-
gations. [Text] [AB061206 Luanda Domestic Service in French 1100 GMT 6 Apr
83]

CSO: 3419/747

21



TANZANIA

BRIEFS -

CATTLE FROM NEW ZEALAND--THE Government will receive 1,100 Frasian dairy
cattle from New Zealand, President Nyerere was told here yesterday. The
Minister for Livestock Development Ndugu Herman Kirigini, explained that the
breeders, which were shipped on March 24, had been ordered for the Kitulo Farm
in Iringa Region. Mwalimu was inspecting a demonstration dairy farm at
Tengeru Livestock Training and Research Institute, ten kilometres from here.
The Minister said the animals were expensive but did not mention the cost.

The cattle were ordered from New Zealand after efforts to buy some from Zim-
babwe failed. [Mkumbwa Ally] [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English
28 Mar 83 p 1]

cso: 3400/1112

151



The regions could undertake joint agricultural or industrial projects requir-
ing large investment both in manpower and finance. They could also create a
ready market for the products.

The chairman of the meeting, Ndugu Elias Staki, the Iringa regional Party
Chairman, said in an introductory remarks that the leaders of the four regions
had agreed to hold such meetings to implement the 1981 Party Guidelines on co-
operation among neighbouring regions when they met at the Kivukoni Party Ideo-
logical College during a seminar attended by Party and Government leaders last
month.

cso: 3400/1112

146



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
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processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER URGES 'MONROE DOCTRINE’ FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA

Pretoria PHOENIX in English Feb 83 p 4

[Text] T

HERE are growing parallels between
the security role of the United
States in South and Central Ameri-
ca and that.of South Africa in this part of the
world. The correspondence arises from
similar motives - the promotion of stability
and the strengthening of democratic forces
against communist subversion - and it. is
being reinforced by the commitment of the
United States itself to those goals for
Southern Africa. From that joint
commitment is emerging a Monroe Doctrine
for the region.

It is taking shape as new developments
lead to a more comprehensive enunciation
of the strategy for regional security. Foreign
Minister Pik Botha gave warning to Cuba
that the stationing of Cuban troops in
Mozambique would not be tolerated.
President Castro should not attempt to use
false allegations of a massing of South
African troops as a pretext for sending
Cuban soldiers alsc to that Southern
African country.

The warning was a logical extension of the
South African stand that as a destabilising
force Soviet surrogates in Angola must be
removed before there can be a settlement in
South West Africa. It is based on a
perception that peace and stability in the
subcontinent require effective action against
alien military force - a perception that is!
shared by the United States government.
Regional security, as Vice President Bush
emphasised repeatedly on his recent African
tour, can only be achieved by putting an end
to foreign intervention.

As the most advanced and powerful state
in the region South Africa has a special
responsibility towards it, as the United
States has long had towards its own
continent, President Reagan has just
renewed the undertaking with an assurance
to six Central American leaders of hit

3400/1119

116

government's firm support against political
and economic subversion and what he
described as the Soviet Union's counterfeit
revolution of territorial conquest, coercion
and thought control. Clearly the Monroe
Doctrine has lost none of its force.,A century.
and a half ago President, James Monroe
declared that any imperialist. action in the
Americas would be' regarded by the United
States as “dangerous, to our peace and
safety”. Since then the nature of the outside '
threat has changed radically, but the
commitment has remained. With the rise of
Soviet imperialism. after the second World
War Secretary of Sate John Foster Dulles’
laid down as fundamental in United States ©
foreign policy its objection to the imposition
of communist governments in the region.

The policy was implemented in measures
against Cuba that are still enforced, and by
President John Kennedy in preventing the
installation of Soviet nuclear missiles in its
new puppet state in 1962.

The policy was founded in the belief,
thoroughly vindiéated over the years, that
the Americans cannot achieve stability and
progress while foreign powers are
permitted to exploit internal tensions for
their own ends. That is also the rationale
behind South Africa's strategy for stability
and progress in Southern Africa. The -

" strategy includes a willingess to provide aid

and co-operation in all fields to assist in the
strengthening of the countries individually
and collectively. At the same time it
recognises that all such efforts are made
futile by the intervention of the Soviet Union
and its surrogates in the region’s affairs.

A Monroe Doctrine is needed for
Southern Africa. If Cuban troops are
intolerable in Angola they are no less so in
Mozambique or any other country in the
region.



MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL. ACCUSES SOUTH AFRICA OF PLOTTING
PA101455 Paris AFP in English 1435 GMT 10 Apr 83

[Text] Djibouti, 10 Apr (AFP)--South Africa is planning to set up a buffer
zone in Namibia by installing a government allied with Pretoria, President
Samora Machel of Mozambique said here today.

The Mozambican president made the statement in press interviews during a short
stopover on the way to East Germany.

South Africa resumed direct rule of Namibia in January after the resignation of
the territory's Ministerial Council, chaired by Dirk Mudge.

Mr Machel said South Africa felt threatened by the "frontline" states of
Botswana, Zambia, Mozambique, Angola and Zimbabwe.

He also commentéd that South Africa was being shaken internally by the ac-
tivities of the banned anti-apartheid African National Congress, and predicted
that the apartheid regime imposed by four million whites on 23 million blacks
could not last.

Mr Machel is accompanied on his trip to East Germany by a large delegation
including Agriculture Minister Sergio Vieira and Cabinet Director Jose Julio
de Andreode.

cso: 3400/1138

65



TANZANIA

ECONOMIC DELEGATION TO UGANDA
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 Mar 83 pl

[Text] A TEN-MAN delegation from various ministries is expected to leave Dar
es Salaam for Entebbe, Uganda, today for discussions on bilateral economic
matters and the possibility of forming a joint commission for co-operation.

The delegation will consist of top officials from the ministries of Trans-
port and Communications, Planning and Economic Affairs, Trade, Health, and
Information and Culture, sources said in Dar es Salaam at the weekend.

According to the sources the officials are to prepare a working document
charting the possible areas of co-operation between Tanzania and Uganda, and
the necessary structural organs for the likely formation of a joint
commission.

A subsequent meeting of ministers of the two countries would study the docu-
ment for cooperation and eventually sign it to signal the commencement of
formal bilateral economic cooperation, the sources said.

Since the fall of the Idi Amin regime in April 1979, there have been joint
undertakings between Tanzania and Uganda for reconstruction after the war and
cooperation in various economic, technical and social fields.

Various commissions were formed ad hoc to cover cultural, mass media, indus-

tries and defence and security but next week's meeting is the first attempt to
have all these and other fields coordinated.

cso: 3400/1112

149



"In other words, the chairman will be the pillar of the branch,“ Mr. Rene
said. If any of the other members did not carry out their duties well, it
would be the chairman's duty and responsibility to recommend his replacement
to the CEC.

Inviting Mr. Rene to make his speech at the beginning of the opening ceremony,
Secretary-General.Guy Sinon called on the delegates to contribute fully over
the next three afternoons that the seminar will run.

Special meetings focussing of the duties of each committee member will follow
with members of the CEC. . .

Warning on Rumors
Victoria NATION in English 18 Mar 83 pp 1, 2

[Text] The time of-mercenary attacks and attempted coup d‘Etats is well and
truly over in Seychelles, President Albert Rene assured ~SPPF branch officials
yesterday as he urged them to combat rumours aimed at demoralising the people
and destabilising the country. .

Speaking on the second afternoon of the Seminar on the Role of Responsibil-
ities of Branch Committees, Mr. Rene, who is also the president of the
Seychelles People’s Progressive Front, referred to rumours last week that
the Government was to be toppled by another mercenary invasion or a coup
d*Etat while he attended the New Delhi Non-Aligned Summit.

Warning

Party delegates gathered in the Maison du Peuple conference room from all
over the country listened intently as the SPPF leader warned that such
rumours were heing spread by people who did not want to sée Seychelles de-
velop in peace.

“These rumours are spread on purpose to destabilise and demoralise us and to
stop us progressing," Mr. Rene stressed. Just because there had been some
security problems.of this nature in the past, it did not mean that it had
to become a habit, he added.

Confidence
“Mercenaries will never again disembark in Seychelles," Mr. Rene stated firmly
as he called on the branch committees to fight strongly such attempts to upset

the population's peace of mind.

The authorities had the country's security situation well under control, the
President satd, and were keeping track of everyone in the country plotting
against or working to destabilise the Government.

76



ANGOLA

MEDIA CHANGES TONE TOWARD SOUTH AFRICA AFTER NEGOTIATIONS
Porto O PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO in Portuguese 28 Feb 83 p 2

[Text] For the first time since Angola's independence in 1975, the Angolan
media are openly taking up the question of relations with South Africa,
observers in Luanda note.

While the tone used in referring to "South African racists" has been very hard
up to now, observers point out, statements by the Angolan minister seem to
have softened a great deal. Alexandre Rodrigues "Kito" called the informal
talks that took place on 23 February in Praia (Cape Verde) with Brande Fourie,
S.A. ambassador to Washington and a:member of the South African ambassador to
with whom he had already met several times, "a cordial meeting."

However, an article distributed yesterday by ANGOP agency expressed the con-
viction that the South African apartheid regime "had its days numbered."

The South African political regime is a tremendous insult to the basic rights
of the black majority, were the words of MacNamara reported yesterday by the
Angolan news agency, in reference to the recent meetings between envoys from
Luanda and Pretoria.

“It is a mistake to refer to the matter in terms of a cease-fire between the
People's Republic of Angola and the Republic of South Africa, as it camouflages
the aggressive nature of the military activities against our country. Angola
is the victim of the aggression. The aggressor is South Africa, which is
using Namibia as a base for its troops," the article went on to report.

Peace is Needed for Reconstruction

Military and diplomatic activities should be combined to achieve our objectives,
which are peace along our southern border with an independent Namibia and the
internal stability needed for the economic and social reconstruction of the
country," were the words of the president of the republic at a people's
assembly, as reported yesterday.

11



SWAZILAND

MINISTER CALLS FOR NAMIBIAN INDEPENDENCE
MB111336 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 11 Apr 83 pp 1, 16
{Article by Mashumi Twala]

[Text] Swaziland would like Namibia to be granted her independence
immediately.

"Any delay on this matter is not going to be in the interests of either
party," Foreign Affairs Minister, Mr R.V. Dlamini, said.

He was speaking to the Tanzanian High Commissioner to Swaziland, Mr Charles
Kileo, who had paid him a visit.

He said: "It is important to respect each other's territorial integrity
and sovereignty. Dialogue has always been a cornerstone of mutually set-
tling disputes, and Swaziland will continue to support it rather than adopt
confrontation in settling disputes.

"Tt is in the interest of peace, stability and progress that such colonial
mistakes should be corrected once and for all. "It is the interest of
everyone concerned in the region to work for peace, harmony and understand-
ing.

"For as long as there are things like apartheid it will be hard to realize
that peace and that understanding which is so vital for the orderly develop-
ment of all our peoples."

He added: "The upholding and practice of apartheid by South Africa hinders
peace and the social economical stability of the Southern African region.
Swaziland will continue to co-operate with South Africa economically because
of the economical and geographical position of the two countries."

In reply, Mr Kileo said Swaziland and Tanzania shared a lot of similarities.
He said the pillars of friendship and co-operation between the two states
had been solidified much tighter in trade. An example of this, he said,
was the purchase from Swaziland of Tinkhaba tractors.

Mr Kileo invited the Kingdom to the Tanzania trade fair to be held in July.

cso: 3400/1162 425



Captains: Patrick Roberts; Solomon Makamondo; Vitalis Mapunda; Zakaria Hans-
folk; Abdul Mketu; Harry Hansfolk; Athamni Kazukamwe; Dietram Bugolo.

Lieutenants: Badru Kajaja; Pascal Cahka; John Chitunguli; Mark Mkudi; John
Mdelwa; Drefus Royongeza, Otmus Haule.

Sergeant: Michael Mwigulu
Others

Hati Mache (pilot with Air Tanzania): Pius Lugangila (businessman); George
Banyikwa (businessman); Jayantilil Rajani (Businessman); Solomon Masoro (bus-
inessman); Tadel Boniface (lecturer at Dar es Salaam University); Ramadhani
Oto (mechanic); Robert Bayona (marketing manager of the Bora shoe company);
and Christopher Ngaiza (assistant to the president).

cso: 3400/1109 _ Ce ween

131



NIGER

RESULTS OF PREMIER'S VISIT TO HINTERLAND SET FORTH
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 18-20 Mar 83 p 3
[Commentary by Joseph Seydou Allakaye: '"Redoubling Vigilance']

[Text] Prime Minister Oumarou Mamane, who has been taking a working trip in
the country's hinterland since Monday, visited Diffa on Wednesday. This was
the third stage of his visit to all department centers. In Manga's capital,
the prime minister spoke on national security, followed by a discussion on the
international economic crisis and the Development Society. He also extensively
discussed the responsibility of hinterland cadres, who are best placed in terms
of defining national realities.

Today, more than ever before, everyone speaks of the situation. The difficult
situation in which we find ourselves, a many-headed monster created by the
world economic crisis, is a daily reality, the prime minister told the Manga
population. That is why we must face it together. On this subject, Oumarou
Mamane emphasized that some steps had been or were about to be taken to enable
the Nigerien populations to face such a trying situation. This reveals the
extent to which the CMS and the government bear in mind the difficulties facing
the various social strata. Meanwhile, the prime minister called upon the Manga
populations to reactivate their departmental economic machinery as a result of
the elimination of some restrictions such as the sale of beans.

Such efforts aimed at organization, mobilization and participation in the
reactivation of the national economic situation, promoted by Oumarou Mamane,
directly blend with the targets of the Development Society. This supreme
option facing our country, leading to the adoption of a new and real develop-
ment was recalled by the prime minister, who pointed out that it remains above
all the concern of all Nigeriens. It is an instrument for the mobilization of
the entire country aimed at ensuring Niger's harmonious development. We have
no right to scorn such a beautiful instrument!

As he did in Maradi and Zinder, in discussing national security, Oumarou Mamane
strongly emphasized that safeguarding national security must be a common con-
cern. But, as the prime minister said, national security must be based on
mutual respect and, above all, understanding. This is the only way to develop
reciprocal trust within the community. Security means harmony and vigilance.
Actually, as the prime minister reminded, it is a question for the Nigeriens to

71



GABON

ELF-GABON OFFICIAL EXPLAINS DECLINE IN PETROLEUM OUTPUT
Libreville L'UNION in French 2 Mar 83 p 3

[Letter to the Editor by F. Waura, chief of the information and communication
section of the Elf-Gabon Petroleum Company]

[Text] In reply to the article published in L'UNION on 28
February concerning the production of petroleum by E1f-Gabon
the chief of the division of information and communications
of this company has provided the following information:

Production by Elf-Gabon increased steadily until 1977, when it reached
9,254,579 tons of petroleum (or 28,488 cubic meters per day). Since 1977 pro-
duction has declined. However, since 1981 it has stabilized at about 6.3 mil-
lion tons per year (or 2,035 cubic meters per day) [as published].

Production in the Grondin petroleum field also followed this descending curve:
2,631,201 tons in 1977 (8,035 cubic meters per day). By 1982 production
amounted to 661,272 tons (2,035 cubic meters per day) [as published].

To check the decline in production in the various fields, E1f-Gabon has under-
taken major maintenance work which in 1982 worked out to 24 billion CFA francs.
In the case of the Grondin field this substantial maintenance effort made it
possible to increase daily production from 1,400 cubic meters in January, 1982,
» to 3,000 cubic meters in December, 1982.

Therefore, the fall in production is not due, as stated in L'UNION, to the
application of OPEC orders but rather to the momentary halt in production from

certain wells during the period of major maintenance work.

Elf-Gabon believes it will be able to maintain its present level of production
in future years.

5170
CSO: 3419/658

28



SOUTH AFRICA

CONCERN ABOUT UNDERUTILIZATION OF WALVIS HARBOR VOICED
Walvis Bay NAMIB TEMES 22 Mar 83 p 4
[Text] Facilities Available Are Of The Best

"Walvis Bay belongs to South Africa. Our possession of it is based on an
internationally recognised treaty," the South African Minister of Foreign Af-
fairs and Information, Mr. R. F. 'Pik' Botha told Dr. Ian Butterfield of in-
fluential United States Heritage Foundation in Washington earlier this year.

The conversation between Mr. Botha and Dr. Butterfield was published recently
in US Policy Review!

Mr. Botha posed the question--"Can you imagine the situation with the Red
Flag flying in Windhoek and Walvis Bay, the only deep sea port in the ter-
ritory? Certainly, Walvis Bay then will be under threat of seizure, so South
Africa will be obliged to plan actions which may cause a serious upheaval in
Southern Africa.

"However, we have interests here, just as the United States has interests in
its part of the world. Look what the United States did when its safety was
first threatened from Cuba. Look at the way you reacted, protecting your in-
terests within your own hemisphere.

"You claimed this a right in your part of the world, and we claim it in ours,"
Mr. Botha said.

West Coast Ports

Walvis Bay is one of South Africa's west coast ports and is situated virtually
in the centre of the South West African coastline.

The harbour is the centre of the pilchard fishing industry, the principal ex-
ports through the harbour being fish products and minerals mined in the
hinterland.

It has been used as the main harbour for the geographical area of South West

Africa since it was first annexed by Great Britain in 1878 and transferred to
the Cape Colony in 1884.

100



Mr (Heirera) told the meeting that since 1981, the junta has closed down the
government-owned universities and occupied them with its troops. The uni-
versities' libraries were burnt down and furniture and laboratories destroyed.
Since then the students and lecturers have been organizing academic activi-
ties in rented premises which are frequently attacked by government troops.
Inspite of ‘the threat of direct U.S. intervention, Mr (Heirera) recounted
several victories won by the nationalist forces and emphasized that the peo-
ple of El Salvador are not going to make even one step backward in their
struggle against imperialism. The Salvadorian student leader is on a tour
of African countries to seek support for the liberation struggle of the
people of El Salvador.

The solidarity meeting in Accra was organized by the All African Students
Union and the National Union of Ghana Students. It was attended by members
of the New Democratic Movement, Pan-African Youth Movement, the United Front,
Ghana Peace and Solidarity Council and representatives of the Trades Union

Congress.

In a joint statement read at the meeting, the organizations called for the
stepping up of international solidarity to expose the monstrousity of U.S.
imperialism and to isolate the U.S. supported fascist junta in El Salvador.
In separate messages, the organizations cited the role of the CIA in Ghana
and the activities of the U.S. military adviser in El Salvador as examples
of U.S. aggression against small and poor developing countries in the world.

csO: 3400/1157

35



was the lowest recorded in the last 50 years. Sugar: production increased

19.7 percent, from 574,526 tons in 1981 to 687,940.tons in 1982. Income
(2.463 billion rupees) was up 50 percent oyer 1981. Mauritius:also sold
175,000 tons of. molasses, and this brought in something like 67 million rupees.
The average price per ton, which was 685 rupees in 1981, fell to 383 rupees
last year.

The global recession has affected the tourist sector, which has been somewhat
stagnant since 1980. The number of tourists in 1982 was 118,960, compared to
121,400 in 1981. Hotel occupancy (from January.to September) was 55 percent,
compared. to 63 percent for the same period of 1981. . Three hotel projects were
approved last year. These projects, which will require investments on the
order of 400 million rupees, will provide 425 new rooms’for our tourists.

"1982 was no doubt a most critical year," Mr Arouff concluded. The reasons
are many: unemployment going higher than 20 percent, financial problems in
the sugar industry, stagnation in the productive sectors, decline in the rate
of investment. "The necessary climate of stability inside Mauritius, and
respectability outside Mauritius,:must be created and maintained if further
efforts at bringing investment into Mauritius and opening new markets our
our. products are to bear fruit," he said.

9516
CsO: 3419/655

61



TANZANIA

LEADERS FROM FOUR REGIONS TO COOPERATE IN DEVELOPMENT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 26 Mar 83 p 3
[Article by Mangengesa Mdimi]

[Text] TOP Party and Government leaders from Tukwa, Mbeya and Iringa regions
met here yesterday to chart out strategy for cooperation on matters pertaining
to the development of their regions. Leaders from Ruvuma, a member of the

four-region Southern Highlands zone did not attend due to commitments at home.

Leaders in attendance included Regional Party chairmen, members of the Party
National Executive Committee (NEC), Regional Party Secretaries, Regional Com-
missioners and Regional Development Directors.

The Iringa Regional Commissioner, Ndugu Athumani Kabongo said after the meet~
ing that the Southern Highlands regions identified areas of co-operation and
appointed a six-man secretariat to draw up an action programme to be discussed
at the next meeting to be held in Mbeya at a date to be announced later.

Ndugu Kabongo said the meeting noted some issues of co-operation required im-
mediate attention and others were considered to be projects requiring long
term implementation. Short term programme include the distribution of agri-
cultural inputs and equipment and crop transportation in the four regions.

Included in the long term programme are detailed projects in agriculture,
livestock, industry, communication and transport and marketing.

The secretariat formed yesterday comprises regional planning officers of the
four regions.

Ndugu Peter Siyovelwa, a member of NEC from Iringa was appointed chairman of
‘the secretariat and a NEC member from Ruvuma. Ndugu Kapinga was appointed
secretary.

Ndugu Siyovelwa in a welcoming speech said the meeting was long overdue for
the regions had many things in common.

He said for instance, that agricultural need in four regions were similar.

The meeting of the leaders would create a forum for solving economic and
social problems faced by the regions, he added.

145



would like to deal more specifically with the meeting of the political bureau,
which has examined the results of the latest elections of secretaries of party
sections. People have spoken emphatically of parachuting, of radio control,
and other similar terms which certain schemers orchestrated from Libreville by
big shots have condemned with a wide influence and facile and demogogic lan-
guage [as published]. I thought that these practices had been banished for-
ever since we only have one political party and we are now united. As for me,
Makaya, I would like to know why these people, despite the denunciations and
the resolutions, continue to operate with the most complete inpunity. Hasn't
our party considered taking action against all these political schemers who
work in the shadows and have a personal group of supporters? I hope that to-
day's party congress will provide us with solutions to these serious evils
which gnaw away at our party. [Text] [Libreville L'UNION in French 2 Mar 83
p 3] 5170

PRESIDENT RECEIVES KUWAITI DELEGATION--A Kuwaiti delegation led by the minis-
ter of Islamic affairs has been in Libreville since Wednesday to discuss the
strengthening of cooperation ties with Gabon. Yesterday morning the dele-
gation was received by Foreign Minister Martin Bongo. In the afternoon the
delegation (?paid a visit) to the Renovation Palace where it was received by
President Omar Bongo. (?This visit to Libreville) gave the two parties the
opportunity to strengthen the fruitful cooperation existing between the two
countries. At international level, both countries are OPEC members. The
Kuwaiti delegation will end its visit on 10 April after touring the interior.
[Text] [AB080845 Libreville Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 8 Apr 83]

CSO; 3419/742

31



MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL'S BERLIN SPEECH CONDEMNS IMPERIALISM
MB121251 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 12 Apr 83

[Text] In his speech at the conference on Karl Marx in Berlin yesterday,
President Samora Machel condemned imperialism for its arms buildup and its
assistance to the most regressive forces of humanity. President Samora
Machel underlined, however, that these actions were met with increasing
resistance from peace-loving and progress-loving peoples.

The Mozambique head of state hailed the initiatives of the Warsaw Pact. and
pointed out that they expressed the wishes of all the peoples for peace
and contained more realistic and just solutions to avoid a generalized war
and nuclear catastrophe.

During his speech, the supreme leader of Mozambique condemned the belligerent
policies of Israel and South Africa, their imperialist allies and privileged
countries in various parts of the world.

On this occasion, the president of the Frelimo Party expressed Mozambique's
solidarity with the ANC of South Africa and with SWAPO in their struggle
against the apartheid regime.

In a reference to Marxism as a science of revolution, the leader of
Mozambique said that Marxism was the fruit of the people's struggle for a
better future and that is why it is constantly being renewed and developed
by man.

President Samora Machel said on the occasion that the experience of the
revolutionary struggle by the people of Mozambique constitutes an example

of the thesis that the driving force of history is class struggle and that
this is and will continue to be a reality on the African continent.

CsO: 3442/187

64



The first improvement comprised a wooden T-jetty, which could serve small
coasting craft, at the end of what is today 5th Road.

With the closure of Swakopmund as a harbour at the end of the First World War
and the transfer of all shipping activities to Walvis Bay the place became a
port of considerable “importance.

In the late 1920s three deep-water berths were completed (the present Hofmeyr
Quay now being rebuilt) “were constructed. There was much talk of a railway
link with Central Africa and in fact a start was made with the construction of
the Windhoek-Gobabis railway line.

The harbour was used extensively for the export of frozen meat, mainly to
Europe up until the Second World War. During the war the harbour was of
vital strategic importance to the defence of the Southern Atlantic and many
convoys were assembled in the large bay here.

The.1950's saw major developments take place in South West Africa and the
three berths were unable to cope with the traffic. At times ships had to
wait up to a fortnight for a. berth.

In the period 1958-1963 major extensions were carried out which provided an
additional five berths and a special tanker berth as well as the complete
re-moddelling of the marshalling yards and railway station.

Rationalisation and Containerisation

The end of the 1960s saw rationalisation of activities by shipping companies
and fewer ships called but those that did put in took bigger volumes of cargo.

The 1970s saw the era of containerisation which in turn led to a further cut-
back in the number of ships calling but the same tonnage of cargo being
handled faster and more economically.

Todat it is a source of concern that the Walvis Bay harbour is so very under
utilised, placed at something like working to only 20 percent capacity.

The bulk of the shipping using the port are foreign trawlers and reefers.
There is a weekly coaster container service and a twice monthly ro-ro service.
An occasional break-bulk vessel calls at the port.

Walvis Bay Harbour Facilities

The harbour at Walvis Bay has the following facilities:

~-Eight berths with a total length of wharfage of 1414,28 m and a depth at
Chart Datum of 10,07 to 10,68 metres,

—-There are 20 electric wharf cranes with a lifting capacity of between four
and 15 tons.

101



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MERZARIO OFFICE--Merzario, the giant Italian forwarding company, which has a
large share of the booming trade between South Africa and Italy, is to open
an office in Johannesburg. With more than 40 branches in Italy, Merzario is
the Italian contractor to the Micor-Kompakt Forwarding Organisation. It is
heavily involved in worldwide transportation, including trucking, rail,
steamship and airfreight operations. Claudio Quarenta, who heads the local
Merzario operation, tells Business Times that the value of cargo exported via
Italy to South Africa jumped from R204-million in 1978 to R638-million in
1981. He adds: “The main benefit of being locally represented is that we are
on the spot to give importers the benefit of our expertise in the trade and ©
will assist them in obtaining the optimum landed cost for their consignments.
"Our large volume of cargo means that we are able to provide regular sea and
air freight consolidations--that' is, loading multiple shipments from several
suppliers in one container. "This results in major savings in freight costs

as well as forwarding and customs clearing charges." [Excerpt] [Johannes-
burg SUNDAY TIMES 27 Mar 83 p 40]

ATTACK ANNOUNCED ON RAILWAY LINE-~The gallant combatants of our people's army,
Umkhonto we Sizwe, have registered yet another victorious action against the
enemy. Yesterday morning they blasted the railway line between Port .
Elizabeth and Uitenhage near the village of Swartkops, causing extensive
damage. The deputy commissioner of the Railway Police, the fascist (ik
Duplesis), reluctantly admitted the blast and added that no one was injured
or killed. This operation, which took place on the fourth anniversary of the
judicial murder of our hero, Comrade (Solomon Mashango), also proves that our
combatants choose their targets and that they always avoid any loss of inno-
cent life. [Text] [ANC program] [EA081157 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in
English to South Africa 1930 GMT 7 Apr 83]

cso: 3400/1134

123



Even assuming such an eventuality would materialize, the army alone would
oppose to disorder the peace which it guarantees.

Therefore, it appears that all necessary factors exist in the Ivory Coast
to nip'in the bud any attempt at destabilization, should the succession
become vacant.

No opposition can presume to organize the succession, since there is no
opposition. There is no lack of discontent in these difficult times, but
it takes more than discontent to cause a revolution.

The "Highest among the High" politicians may fight among themselves but,
quite likely, the people will pay vague attention and refrain from getting
involved. Besides, a single word from the Old Man, even a posthumous one,
would be enough to prevent any attempted rows.

Desire for Unity

The people are passive, they are not indifferent. Indeed, history has taught
them the futility of past confrontations and they now appreciate peace.

The Krou who settled in the southwest and center-west of the country harbor
no animosity against the Akan (southeast and center-west of the Ivory Coast)
although these used to be their implacable enemies. They inflicted a memor-
able defeat upon them in 1660.

On the other hand, the Krou group is divided among itself. Alone, it con-
sists of 15 ethnic groups, each represented by one or several villages which
are often independent from, sometimes even hostile to one another.

In addition, the Krou from the north would have reasons to hate the Mande
who, in former times, drove them out of Man, Touba and Seguela. Fortunately,
historical vicissitudes have been forgotten, just as have been erased from
memory the migrations of the Gouro and the Dan who, in the 16th century,
settled between the Akan and southern Mande groups, after being themselves
driven out of the north by the Malinke whc settled there.

In the north, the Senoufo have fought against the Baoule and the Malinke
with whom they are now on good terms.

We could mention many more such examples. The Ivory Coast was a huge battle-
ground, but it would be absurd to believe these conflicts cculd be revived.

There have been a few bloody incidents in the past 15 years (Bete-Sanwi) but,
contrary to what has often been said, tribalism was not or not much involved.

There exists a sincere desire for unity in the Ivory Coast, in spite of the
fact that 60 different ethnic groups are living side by side.

This desire is nothing new. For immemorial times, the Ivorians have concluded

"alliances" to prevent conflicts (Nana Sem among the Agni, Toukpe among the
Akan).

41



SOUTH AFRICA

LAW, ORDER OFFICER DEFENDS LEGRANGE
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 Mar 83 p 27
[From the Letters to the Editor: "Minister Was Not Callous"]

[Text] '"Hogarth' (Sunday Times, :13 March), criticises the Minister of Law
and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, for his “hasty and insensitive response to
the tragic shooting of an innocent man".

Furthermore, it is suggested that "an expression of regret and the promise
of an immediate investigation would have been sufficient".

May I point out that shortly after the unfortunate incident, the Minister
was informed of what had happened.

He immediately ordered not only a fullscale investigation into the circum-—
stances surrounding the shooting, but also instructed a brigadier from
another division to personally lead the investigation.

The Minister also instructed the Divisional Commissioner of Police for the
Witwaterstrand, Brigadier J H du Plessis, to personally convey messages of
condolences to the bereaved family on behalf of the Government, himself and
the South African Police.

The Monday after the incident, it was reported in both Afrikaans and English-
language newspapers throughout the country, that the Minister had ordered a
top-level investigation and that he had expressed his deep concern over the
death of the young father while offering his condolences to the family.

Notwithstanding the fact that the above information was also conveyed to
Parliament during a snap debate on the issue the following Tuesday, you still
chose to criticise the Minister almost a week later in such a way as to cast
a shadow of callousness over his integrity.--Lt-Col L. Mellet, Press Relations
Officer to the Minister for Law and Order.

--Lt-Col Mellet misread the paragraph, Hogarth did not imply that the Minister
had not expressed his regrets nor promised an investigation, but said that these
would have been "sufficient". What was deplored were Mr. le Grange's addition-
al, insensitive, remarks.

cso: 3400/1136

84



to avoid "deviations" of an open-force allied intervention: only a charac-
terized foreign aggression could justify such an intervention; the allied
forces would then be placed under the control of the country threatened~-
which alone would have the. power to make a final decision to intervene.

Will this attempt at military cooperation in West Africa succeed? It would
represent a first African answer to this huge need for security which was
expressed at the Franco-African summit in Paris, in May 1978. At the time,
Louis de Guiringaud, after reaffirming Paris's determination to work for
stability in Africa, had stressed the need for "operational systems" im-
plemented by the African states themselves.

"Restraint" on the Part of Foreign Powers?

Extroverted Africa: the defense agreements signed by African states with
powers foreign to the continent, just as the military interventions of the
past few years, show Africa's diplomatic and strategic dependence. Africa
remains an international stake, the instrument of a confrontation that goes
beyond it. New actors have emerged--whether the Arab-Islamic thrust on the
"Saharan crown" under its many forms, from the Algerian-Moroccan rivalry in
Western Sahara to Colonel Qadhdhafi's African dream, or the return of the
Soviet Union and its allies on the Subsaharan African scene--their "return"
or their actual entry if we discount their timid attempts in the 1960's,
for instance in Guinea...

In fact, the socialist community offers many seductions to the Third World:
the USSR is perfectly able to distribute to its satellites or associates
means of power they could never obtain on their own; the rudimentary Marxism
adopted by many socialist state leaders is a wonderful instrument, if not
for analysis, at least for action, and it expresses their nationalistic
drives. There remains a basic contradiction: can the socialist community
gather Third-World regimes fighting western "imperialism" and, at the same
time, impose "limited sovereignty" on its European members? But this contra~
diction is only potential; for the time being, it is not perceived by
Third-World states.

African stakes: it is probably because Africa's mining resources and stra—
tegic position are vital to western economies that they represent an essential
factor in Soviet policy. Are they implementing an overall plan, a great
design to dominate the world? Let us not underestimate the part played by
circumstantial factors: if the Soviets gained a foothold in Somalia in 1963
it is due, like their rapprochement with Egypt eight years before, to the
conjunction of the national interests of Somalia (which was isolated, for-
gotten by the West, worried by Ethiopia's power) and the advantages which
the Soviets could derive from having access to the Horn of Africa, from a
naval base on the Red Sea We should also not forget the setbacks which
the Soviets may have experienced in their penetration of Africa~-as else-
where in the Third World: their sudden failure in Egypt was reproduced in
Sudan in 1977, when Soviet experts were expelled, and in Somalia which,
seeing the Soviet-Ethiopian rapprochement, denounced the treaty it had
signed with the USSR three years earlier.



LIBERIA

Nation Fighting To Save Shipping Flag
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 16 Mar 83)....

MAURITIUS

Duval Deems Private Investment Essential to Country's Future
(Gaetan Duval Interview; LE MAURICIEN, 25 Feb 83).....+....

Economy Still Far From Recovery
(LE MAURICIEN, 24 Feb 83)....-.+++-+- seen e ee eeeee errrrrry

MOZAMBIQUE

Foreign Minister Chissano on Frontline Conference
(Joaquim Chissano Interview; DIARIO DE NOTICAS,

30 Mar 83)... ceeccevecesccees eee ceeecees eer eer eee
Machel's Berlin Speech Condemns Imperialism

(Maputo Domestic Service, 12 Apr 83)....... errr rere rt
Machel Accuses South Africa of Plotting

(AFP, 10 Apr 83) ....cscccccccceceeeees eT eee eeee

VOFA Says 6 Cubans Killed, Pipeline Sabotaged

(Voice of Free Africa, 11 Apr 83).......-++e4- eee e cece eeeee

Briefs

New Coastal Trade Ships
NAMIBIA

Thirty SWAPO Infiltrators Killed ; Equipment Captured
(SAPA, 11 Apr 83)....eeeeeeeeees seeeeeeeneees ce ceeeeeeeee :

NIGER

Government's Well Drilling Plans, Methods Noted
(Sidi Boubacar; LE SAHEL, 17 Mar 83)......seeeseeeeeenee oe

Results of Premier's Visit to Hinterland Set Forth
(Joseph Seydou Allakaye; LE SAHEL, 18-20 Mar 83)..........

Briefs
Saudi Gift

47

50

59

62

64

65

66

67

68

70

71

73



TANZANIA

SWEDEN AGREES TO PROVIDE GRANT TO RESEARCH INSTITUTES
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 26 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] AN agreement under which Sweden will provide Tanzania a grant of nine
million shillings to assist the country's research institutes was signed in
Dar es Salaam recently.

The Principal Secretary in the Ministry of Finance, Ndugu F. Kazaura, signed
on behalf of Tanzania while the Swedish Ambassador to Tanzania, Ndugu David
Wirmark, signed on behalf of his country.

Under the agreement, Sweden will make available to Tanzania 4.5m/- during
1982/83 and the balance of 4.5m/- will be given during 1983/84.

Briefing the Daily News yesterday, an economist with the Swedish International
Development Authority (SIDA) office in Dar es Salaam, Ndugu L. G. Hinderrson,
said the assistance had been channelled through the Swedish Agency for Re-
search and Co-operation with Developing Countries (SAREC) to the National
Scientific Research Council (UTAFITI).

Ndugu Hinderrson explained that SAREC and UTAFITI had agreed that part of the
funds will be used for research on the preservation of the Usambara forest,
one of the richest biological communities in tropical Africa.

Some of the funds would also be channelled to the Tanzania Institute for Re-
search Information Service (TANRIS) to enable it handle adequately documenta-
tion of research papers and dissemination of research information, he added.

Meanwhile, Ndugu Hinderrson said yesterday that a two-man delegation from
SAREC led by its director, Ndugu Leonard Bage, arrived in the country last
Monday to discuss with UTAFITI efforts aimed at enhancing research co-opera-
tion between them. The director is accompanied by a member of the SAREC Board
of Directors, Professor Nils Nykvist.

SAREC has been funding UTAFITI since August 1979 when an agreement was signed
between them under which SAREC pledged to provide nearly 8m/- to promote de-
velopment-oriented research in the country. The agreement covered the period
between July 1979 and June 1982.

147



IVORY COAST

PRESIDENTIAL SUCCESSION PROBLEMS DISCUSSED
Dakar AFRICA in French Mar 83 pp 23-26
CArticle by Louis Guilain: "False Succession Problems"]

[Text] "After the '’0ld Man,' the deluge," the enemies of
the Ivory Coast and reporters looking for publicity are
predicting. These birds of ill omen and prophets of doom
will be disappointed. Not only is the "Old Man" still
going strong after over 20 years at the head of the state,
put his work is very likely to survive him. Indeed, the
Ivory Coast is more than ever a country with strong
structures where there exists a sincere desire for unity
in spite of the diversity of its people.

For many decades, the Ivory Coast has been a favorite target for prophets
of doom. Just remember Raymond Cartier's diatribes.

But Cartier was not the only bird of ill omen. We could not even begin to
count those who, from 1960 to 1967, considered the industrial explosion to
be dangerous and superficial for, they said, it was out of proportion with
the local needs and potential export markets. Also, agricultural diversifi-
cation benefited only the large companies, which disregarded small farmers’
interests...

Against all odds, however, the "Ivory" ship stayed its course, loading its
cargo of success from port to port.

These people then had to face the evidence and admit that the balance was
positive, although they would not go back on their judgment. This was the
reason for the pessimism of years past, which does not agree with present
results; all they could do was to invoke an unforeseeable intervention, a
divine one if possible.

And the Ivorian miracle was born.

Thank god!

38



NIGER

GOVERNMENT'S WELL DRILLING PLANS, METHODS NOTED
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 17 Mar 83 p 3
[Commentary by Sidi Boubacar: "The Water in Question" ]

[Text] "No Nigerien will die of thirst." This promise made by the CMS
[Supreme Military Council] and the government on 15 April 1974 remains valid.
Thus, Prime Minister Oumarou Mamane assured the people of Zinder that "Studies
are currently under way by specialists to settle the water problem." The
statement was made during his visit to the capital of the Zinder Department.

As is the case of all Sahel countries, the problem of potable water remains
grave in some parts of our country, particularly in the bedrock areas, where
drilling is frequently expensive.

Since "water is priceless," the target of the five-year plan is to develop
2,000 water supply centers between 1079 and 1983 and to open 17,000 other
outlets before the end of the water decade (1981-1990).

Naturally, this is an ambitious project, but could a price be set for a rare
commodity such as water in countries plagued by drought? And if so, what would
it be?

Whereas in Niger, within the national framework this project is carried out by
the DIH (Hydraulic Infrastructure Office) and the OFEDES (Ground Waters
Office), through which hydraulic policy is implemented, on the international
level the UNDP and UNICEF give first priority to water policy.

In Niger, 210 wells were drilled by the UNDP and UNICEF in the Zinder region in
1981. This means that despite the poor distribution of ground water beds in
the country and the imbalance of water resources, ceaseless efforts will
continue to be made. In Zinder the prime minister said that "The state is not
neglecting this problem."

Modern geophysical methods will certainly help to provide a definitive solution
to the problem, specifically in the bedrock areas such as Damagaram-Mounio.

5157
CSO: 3419/689

70



SOUTH AFRICA

JOHANNESBURG COMMENTS ON MEDIA DISTORTION, FREEDOM
MBO71855 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 7 Apr 83
[Commentary: "Media Freedom]

[Text] South Africa has begun to feature in a growing debate in the West on
media freedom and responsibility, the debate characterized by the insistence
of calis for greater discipline. It is concerned with two distinct but re-
lated issues-——journalistic integrity and the role of the media in relation to
state security—-and in the past week, this country has been the topic in
both.

Last Friday the American television station ABC transmitted a grossly dis-
torted program on labor relations in South Africa. It has yet to respond to a
demand that it honor a standing pledge to provide air time for factual reply.
This week THE TIMES in London devotes an editorial to press freedom and state
security in Africa, decrying the present situation in Zimbabwe, and noting
what it calls the awkward truth that, despite security legislation, South
Africa's press is among the freest on the continent.

But South Africa itself is a peripheral matter in the debate. The fact is that
the credibility of much of the media in the Western world has reached an all-
time low. Since the Yorkshire ripper case, the British Council has accused
the press of prejudging issues and of distortions and outright lies. The
Russian writer Aleksander Solzhenitsyn has deplored a prevailing fashion for
demanding, as he put it: Absolute democracy which borders on complete
licentiousness, on high treason, and on the right to destroy their own state
and country.

The question of the responsibility of the media to the public order and wel-
fare has flared up since the Falklands war and the Israeli invasion of Lebanon
to evict PLO terrorist forces. Even before that, it had been raised by the
Reagan administration's curtailment of reporting on intelligence matters. A
response to a world-wide wave of killings of CIA agents after press leaks. It
was intensified by Israel's censorship of both domestic and foreign reports of
the action against the PLO, Israel has censored reports bearing on security
since 1948, but the practice was extended during the fighting of political
matters, such as debating the justice of it or interviewing demonstrators.

79



194034

JPRS 83296

20 April 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2787

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A { 99 ] / 0 / 8 0 5 6

Approved for Public Release
Distribution Unlimited

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



SOUTH AFRICA

ARMSCOR RANGE PLAN DRAWS LOUD PROTESTS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Mar 83 p 3

[Text] Cape Town--The protest against Armscor's plan to have a testing range
on the southern Cape coast gained momentum today with another 4 400 people
adding their names to petitions being circulated in the affected Boland area
and in Cape Town.

A total of about 6 500 people have put their names to petitions in the Cape
Province.

Three thousand landowners and people who will be affected by the scheme have
now signed the petition in the Skipskop-Bredasdorp area.

Petitions circulated in the southern suburbs of Cape Town and bearing more
than 1 800 signatures have already been sent to the Progressive Federal Party
spokesman on Defence, Mr Philip Myburgh.

Entitled: “Save our Cape South Coast", the petition calls on the Minister of
Defence to keep Armscor out of the area.

The petitions were drawn up by conservationists, nature lovers and Cape Town
residents who own property in the Arniston, Skipskop and Potberg areas.

Two separate petitions circulating in the University of Cape Town have so far
collected another 1 900 signatures.

One of the-petitions has been launched under the auspices of the university's
Wildlife Society and has collected 1 600 signatures in only a few days.

In the Boland and the Overberg farmers and syndicates who have shares in farm-
land in the affected area met yesterday to discuss details of Armscor's plans.

There is widespread concern among farmers of all political persuasions who own
land in the area that they were not approached by the Government on the matter
and that there was no negotiation.

Meanwhile, military sources have cast doubt on the claim that fires would be

prevented by using only small quantities of explosives in the warheads of the
rockets tested in the proposed south Cape firing range.

105



PRESIDENT'S CONTROL OF INTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS 'WEAKER'

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 61, 16 Mar 83 pp 2, 3

[Text]

President Julius Nyerere’s control of internal devel-
opments appears to be weaker than at almost any
time since. the 1964 rebellion in Zanzibar: and army
mutiny on the mainland. Few details. of the coup
attempt !.unearthed in» December :.have emerged,
though the state’prosecution accuses those involved.
of planning: to assassinate Nyerere and overthrow
the government. We understand from good sources
that the ‘attempt. entailed a confrontation ‘between
the “‘plotters”” and Nyerere at State House. Nyerere

refused to Stand “down, and the:attempt at a “‘coup:

by persuasion”’.‘then apparently collapsed. This is
only part of the story... wie a "

The cabinet.reshuffle.late last month was probably
a consequence of the-failed:coupattempt. But in
most ways it followed Nyerere’s longstanding prac-.
tice.of moving familiar faces from ministry to minis-
try. The most significant changes: were Edward
Sokoine’s reinstatement‘as prime: minister and the
transfer. of his predecessor, Cleopa Msuya, to Amir
Jamal’s ‘difficult job as finance minister. . -

When Sokaine’resigned the premiership in 1980 it
was sdid:that-his health was bad: He did ‘have

some medical treatment, but while prime minister he’

became popular and was at times tipped as a possible.
successor to Nyerere.’ His popularity now, however,
was probably a factor in his reinstatement. With
vice-president- Aboud -Jumbe finding increasingly
little. room. for ‘manoeuvre because. of- tension. in
Zanzibar (AC~Vol:23. No 2h and Vol 24 No.1),
Sekoine could:be considered again as a ‘successor to:
Nyerere,: though. the latter has recently shown no
sign of. wishing to-retire. Sokoine undoubtedly has
much experience: of security matters through his
association: with the ruling: Chama Cha Mapinduzi
(CCM) national security affairs department. ‘The
country-wide network of CCM members-cum-
informers, which: in practice. is virtually inseparable

128

TANZANIA



Efforts To Restart Sugar Refinery
(LE MONDE, 13-14 Mar 83). ..cceeesececcees see eneee

Project To Overcome Quesso's Isolation
(LE MONDE, 13-14 Mar 83).......4.

GABON
Elf-Gabon Official Explains Decline in Petroleum Output
(F. Waura; L'UNION, 2 Mar 83)....--eeeeeeee dace cece ne ee eee .
Meat Shortage Since May 1981 Reported
(B. Nkogho-Nsekut; L'UNION, 5-6 Mar 83).......+..0.- we eeeeee
Briefs
Need for Replacement of Political Schemers, Grafters
Misuse of French, Affectation ofi Part of Leading
Lights
Evils Eating Away at Party Described
President Receives Kuwaiti Delegation
GHANA

U.S. Said To Back Antipopular Government in El Salvador
(Accra Domestic Service, 10 Apr 83)...seseeeeeeeee ea sveccees

Station Cites Repression, Genocide
Salvadorans Seek Anti-U.S. Help

‘ECHO' Says Contact Group Pretends To Negotiate Namibian
Independence
(Accra Domestic Service, 10 Apr 83) ....sseeeeeeeeeeee neces
GUINEA-BISSAU

Foreign Minister Hails Upcoming OAU Summit

(AFP, 7 Apr 83)....-.0-- pa vcccveeee
IVORY COAST
Presidential Succession Problems Discussed
(Louis Guilain; AFRICA, Mar 83).......+.+. beeen eee n eens wees
Commentary on Establishment of Relations With PRC
(FRATERNITE MATIN, 3 Mar 83)....-.eeeeee bee eeeeeeene se eeee
Briefs

Sacks Exported

26

27

28

29

32

36

37

38

4h

46



According to the sources, the major danger of fire came from the combination of
the explosives and the rocket fuel used to propel the rockets.

Fynbos, highly vulnerable to destruction by fire, was far more likely to suffer
severe damage from the firing of rockets than the public had been led to be-
lieve, said the sources, who pointed out that fires had been prevented at the
St Lucia rocket testing range only because the landing sites were located in
marshy areas.

Conservationists have fired another volley in the row by pointing out that the
soil structure of the South Coast area was extremely fragile and was likely to
suffer badly under the impact of wheeled vehicles.

CSO: 3400/1136

106



CONGO

EFFORTS TO RESTART SUGAR REFINERY
Paris LE MONDE in French 13-14 Mar 83 p 12

[Text] In 1968 the Nkayi sugar complex, including a refinery, a mill and an
oil mill belonging to the Vilgrain group, produced a record amount of
100,000 tons of sugar. In 1970 the complex was nationalized. In 1978,
production fell to 5,700 tons of cane sugar. The refinery ceased operations
in 1971.

In 1979, after the complex was broken down into three distinct companies, a
recovery program was finalized. Production reached 11,700 tons in 1979;

12,300 tons in 1980; 15,700 tons in 1981 and 28,500 tons in 1982. Taking
into account the few export opportunities (Algeria buys 6,000 tons), the goal
for 1983 is 40,000 tons. One problem: the Congolese prefer refined sugar
which is currently imported from France. Consequently, breweries are the chief
domestic market.

In explaining the collapse, aside from overall economic difficulties, the
Congolese manager mentions the lack of financing and spare parts. Management
was then being provided by Mauritian and Cuban experts. After their departure
--no Cubans remain except for one medical mission--an engineering contract was
signed with France and the Netherlands. Loans--the program cost 8 billion
CPA francs--were found abroad (Central Fund for Eaonomic Cooperation, Bank of
Worms, Citibank); harvesting equipment was brought up to date: American
tractors, French trucks, German haryesters.

In addition to the discussion of restarting the sugar refinery--a test was
conducted at the beginning of Frebruary-~or building a new mill, diyersifica-
tion is planned; cultiyation of corn and soya, and stock breeding in order to
attain self-sufficiency in food products. The third largest city in the

Congo, Nkayt has 47,000 inhabitants,

At present, the complex, which cultiyates 10,000 hectares of sugar cane and

employs oyer 3,000 people, has two Dutch and six French advisers. One of
them has returned te Nkayi after 20 years.

9693
CSO: 3419/656

26



Mr Horace van Rensburg, PFP spokesman on education, welcomed the 13% increase
in expenditure on education to R3 410-million.

"T:. also welcome the assurance by the Minister that the Government will narrow
the gap in per capita expenditure and educational standards between white and
black."

Mr Brian Goodall, PFP spokesman on pensions, welcomed the increase in pensions

which will cost the state R100-million, but called for steps to eliminate dis-
crimination in the means test.

Consumer Council Defends Budget

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Mar 83 ppll

[Text] The Minister of Finance, Mr Owen Horwood, had no choice but to be con-
servative in his Budget approach, Mr Jan Cronje, Director of the Consumer
Council, said yesterday.

Mr Cronje said the country was in a recession, had an uncertain gold price,
an unacceptable high inflation rate and devastating drought.

The Prime Minister had recently announced a drought aid scheme for which Mr
Horwood had to find funds, Mr Cronje said.

Mr Horwood could not stimulate the economy at this stage as there was doubt
over the gold price and because the fight against inflation was receiving high
priority.

"It is essential that financial discipline be maintained by limiting the money
supply and State expenditure."

This would place the expected upswing in the economy towards the end of this
year on “a sound footing".

The Consumer Council was glad personal tax and GST were not increased. It was
also glad to hear that loan levy was abolished.

Mr Cronje said tax increases would have dealt a blow to a large part of the
population, especially workers in the public sector and consumers in the lower
income bracket.

He welcomed loan aid and interest rate subsidies to intending home owners. who
applied for loans for the first time.

It was heart-warming that special attention was given.to pensioners.

Mr Cronje called on all consumers, as well as trade and industry, not to harm
the positive approach of this Budget by irresponsible action.

86



SOUTH AFRICA

FURTHER DETAILS ON 1983-84 BUDGET GIVEN

Who Gets What

Johannesburg RAND DATLY MAIL in English 31 Mar 83 p 7

fa a daanga ot See

[Text] HOUSE OF ASSEMBY. — ‘The departments of Constitutional Development, Finance and
Defence take the Digg yest slices of this year’s R21 000-million budget. The new department of
Constitutional Develo ment and Planning, which incorporates former departments such as
Statistics, anda variety o ‘of functions from other departments, had the largest single allocation
at nearly R3 800-million. Nearly all of this, however, is taken by provincial subsidies totalling
R3 759-million. The following are the amounts budgeted far each Eovernment department for
pene, with the increase or decrease from last year in bracke'
Prime Minister .. Ré4 922 508 (R2 011.932 decrease)

(R7 844 000 increase

486
& 930.000 ina
113 970 900 increase)
(R82 650 000 irae

164 732 000 increase)
‘(R94 058 000 increase)

R3 092 700 000 (R424 700 000 increase)
R534 967 000 ‘(R57 322 000 increase)
R504 613 700 (R120 783 300 increase)
1840 607 000 (R64 852.000 increase)
. R1009 780 000 (R122 205 000 increase)
Environment Affairs and Fisheries . R340 482000 (R29 018 200 decrease)
q Agriculture R467 348:000 ‘(R83 006 500 increase)
ication and Training . R561 318 000 (R85 560 000 increase)
The rest of the budget is made up of items which do not fall directly under a government
:. department, such as finances for the State President, Parliament and improvement of service
Sonaitfons. The total budget of R21 061-million is an increase of r2 lion over the 1982-83

National Education

; Mineral and Energy Affairs
: Industries, Commerce and Tourism
Justice (including Prisons)
Community Development

Defense Gets 15.9% More
Johanneshurg RAND DAILY. MATL in English 31 Mar 83 p 7

[Text]

‘Yotal amount spent on de- addéd to amounts voted in and would continue to do 80
‘had een ly the Budget. te as long as it, was necessary.
more three times over Mr Horwood said the Gov- “Equally important; in the
the past eight years. ernment had always accord- face of an international arms
This was the case when ed top priority to a rel hoyeo tt, is the systematic de-
amounts provided for other trained, adequately equij pment of a modern ar-
protection services were and effective Defence Deree ‘maments industry,” he said,

81



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

EDITORIAL REPORT ON FRONTLINE MEETING

PM081216 [Editorial report] Lisbon AVANTE in Portuguese 31 March 1983 carries
on page 13 of its supplement three unattributed interviews pegged to the
frontline conference ig Lisbon: With African National Congress [ANC] Chairman
Oliver Tambo (500 words), ANC Foreign Affairs Representative to the United
Nations Mfanafuthi Makatini (1,000 words) and Mozambique Foreign Minister
Joaquim Chissano (500 words).

Tambo emphasizes the frontline states' need for international support and the
opportunity provided by the conference for them to present their role to the
world public.

Makatini points to "Pretoria's close cooperation with Israel at all levels"
and to certain “worrying parallels" between the two countries' policies. He
describes the recent extension of suffrage in South Africa as a "maneuver"
designed to “facilitate external aid, particularly from the Reagan adminis—
tration." He praises the frontline states' "resistance to blackmail" in
which "U.S. taid' would be exchanged for a withdrawal of backing for the
South West African People's Organization and the ANC."

Chissano discusses preparations for the Mozambique Liberation Front Congress
starting later in April. Among "positive elements" emerging from the prepar-
ations he lists “the people's involvement, the solution of specific problems
and health criticism of the party and state leadership with a view to correct—
ing errors."

cso: 3400/1135



we enjoyed, under the old regime, a reserve of confidence here and abroad with
respect to local and foreign investors, confidence that the MMM does not have.
Today, in order to enjoy the same confidence vis-a-vis investors, the MMM has
to pay twice the price in terms of guarantees, concessions or gifts.

[Question] Is it possible, given the current situation, to do something
else? Is there an alternative policy?

[Answer] I would state immediately that I am in complete agreement with what
the government is doing to encourage investments at any price. I agree inso-
far as it is necessary to get going. Getting going is already being saved.
On the other hand, if one withdraws behind his'principles and ideology, one
has failed. I would therefore note with satisfaction that despite all its
ideological limitations, despite the fact that it feels guilty about doing it,
the current government still has the courage to do what it is doing. And
yet, I am very afraid lest this policy may endanger the MMM's credibility
vis-a-vis its supporters in the long run. I would tell you that I even have
the impression that there is some exaggeration in government in ensuring devel-
opment at any price. The boomerang effect is not far behind!

The MMM government is following a rightist policy with leftist votes, but

the fact is that it is the only policy it can follow at the present time, the
only one after the past 13 years! Unless one wants to see Mauritius limited
to a Tanzanian or Malagasy system, there is no other choice than to stimulate
the economy by private investments.

[Question] Do you therefore feel comfortable about the type of recovery pro-
posed?

[Answer] Perfectly comfortable. The style of development has not changed.
That cannot displease me.

[Question] Was it a surprise for you?

[Answer] Definitely! The surprise is the courage (I was going to say
cheek) of Berenger. To propose all that one now sees in the MMM organs is
essential! Furthermore, one has but to see the revolt of the prime minister
himself to feel how unexpected this situation was. For myself, I prefer to
remain as a spectator because I do not want to provoke any reaction contrary
to the national interest.

[Question] Is it the type of policy you would have suggested to a different
regime?

[Answer] There is no other! It is the type of policy that I would have
followed myself. but undoubtedly while paying less because of the reserve of
confidence. I will tell you quite frankly that I prefer anything to the
policies of the outgoing government, the kind of stagnation that paralyzed
the country, Ringadoo!'s distrust of investors. I even prefer Berenger's open-
ness to the Ringadoo immobility, even if it is costing us dearly.

51



SOUTH AFRICA

ADMINISTERED PRICE INCREASES SEEN CAUSING INFLATION
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES in English 27 Mar 83 p 14
[Article by Amrit Manga]

[Text] Without far more ruthless discipline by wage and price makers, South
Africa's inflation rate will continue to surge away above the rates exper-
ienced by her major trading partners.

This is the consensus among leading economists questioned by Business Times
this week.

Those approached emphasised particularly the part played by administered price
increases in frustrating efforts to drag annual increases in the country's
consumer price index substantially below 10%.

SA's inflation rate during the past decade has been accelerating at 11,1%
against an average 8,7% recorded by her main trading partners since 1970,
according to the latest Bureau for Economic Research report.

Agricultural prices have increased by 330% since 1972, almost 35,7% on aver-
age a year compared with the rate of increase in the consumer price index of
12,5%.

Being one of the major representatives of administered prices, it supports a
general consensus that administered prices contribute significantly to the
inflationary process.

Phillip Mohr of the economic planning department, however, sees administered
price, as opposed to pure market force-determined prices, as both an aggravat-
ing and an alleviating factor.

Volkskas economist Adam Jacob lists the private sector's 80% share of the
economy as a starting point in the understanding of the contribution of ad-
ministered price increases to the final inflation: figure.

Mr Jacob. points out that, with 80% of the SA economy controlled by the private

sector, the effect of price adjustments would differ markedly according to the
business cycle.

93



redouble their vigilance and to strengthen the ties among the people of the
country.

That is actually why we must promote within our respective areas of activity
the development of a real climate of solidarity with and love for one's
neighbor. Let us note above all that the purpose of this security is primarily
to lay better foundations for national unity which, in turn, will lead to
Niger's harmonious development. The country's security, as the head of state,
General Seyni Kountche likes to say, is priceless. This says it all. We
already have rural development councils and various socioprofessional
associations, which cement our national unity.

In the course of his visit to the Manga capital the prime minister called upon
the cadres to abandon some of their stateless attitudes, to show their good
will in their work and to come closer to the population. In turn, the popula-—
tion, the rural population in particular, should be aware of the harm casued by
rural exodus. This, Oumarou Mamane acknowledged, would require a real aware-
ness campaign so that the Nigeriens will remain and work in our country in
order to earn their living locally. Let us not forget that the 15 April
deadline is not far off. Therefore, all of us must get ready together, through
consulations and involvement, to ensure the actual start of our new road to
development, represented by our Development Society.

5157
CSO: 3419/689

72



GHANA

U.S. SAID TO BACK ANTIPOPULAR GOVERNMENT IN EL SALVADOR
Station Cites Repression, Genocide
AB111104 Accra Domestic Service in English 1410 GMT 10 Apr ‘83
["Let the People Know" program: "Liberation Struggle in El Salvador"]

[Text] Inthe small Central American country of El Salvador, security forces of the
ruling rightwing regime are engaged in acts of repression and genocide
against the mass of the people and those struggling for the liberation of

the country on a day to day basis. - The present unpopular regime of El Salva-
dor, like its predecessors backed by the United States, is committing the
most atrocious of crimes in efforts to stem the tide of popular rebellion

and an imminent victory of the liberation forces. The stories of brutalities,
torture and murder from that country are simply horrifying. Independent wit-
nesses from the Western mass media, churches, international human rights
organizations and the United Nations have all testified on the state of mass
repression and death in El Salvador. At the same time, the forces of libera-
tion, under the leadership of the Faraboundo Marti National Liberation Front,
FMLN, and the Democratic Revolutionary Front, FDR, have intensified their
efforts in the mass struggle and the liberation war to achieve a decisive
victory for the Salvadoran people. Their aims basically are to free El Sal-
vador from the autocratic grip, domination and exploitation of imperialism in
league with the internal bankrupt oligarchy, a small group of very rich and
corrupt elite class, to reorganize the social life of the country along more
democratic lines and effect advancement in the material and spiritual life

of the people.

The liberation struggle in El Salvador can be more fully appreciated with
the knowledge of the history, status and prevailing social conditions of the
country. In that connection, it must be pointed out that El Salvador is a
neo colonial country and therefore part of that portion of the world domi-
nated by imperialism. Like most Third World nations, the country is producer
of a limited number of primary products, with coffee alone accounting for
about 45 percent of the annual foreign exchange earnings. The big industries
which produce chemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals and refined petroleum are
either owned directly by big foreign investors from the United States, West
Germany, Britain and Japan or are joint ventures between the few rich
Salvadorans and the transnational corporations or other foreign firms.

32



Countries of the Third World, facing the same problems of development--in-
creased tenfold in the case of China due to the immensity and diversity of
its territory and its galloping demography,--exposed to the pressures of the
industrialized nations of the North, whether East or West, deprived of means,
China and the Ivory Coast can aid each other mutually to give their peoples
the welfare to which both aspire.

Just as China will be able to benefit from the influence of "The Sage of
Africa" in the world and in Africa, the Ivory Coast will be inspired by the
sense of discipline and organization of the Chinese people, a people of far-
mers, whose ingenuity has enabled it not only to be self-sufficient but to
create a state and nation which, in certain fields, is succeeding in compet-
ing with and surprising the rich countries.

It is certain that the Ivory Coast can no longer fail to recognize Beijing,
the importance of which on the Asian continent is enormous. There is no
doubt that if it had been possible to maintain our realtions with nationalist
China our president, whose faithfulness in friendship is great, would not
have hesitated. But history, and above all experience, show that that would
not have been possible, because of the inplacable struggle being conducted
by the two Chinas, and the desire of each to be the sole legal representative
of the Chinese people.

The first of March, 1983 will therefore be a date to be remembered in our
young history, and also a point of departure of a long, fruitful, and rich
cooperation with the great country of China, which has decided to be a loyal
partner of us Ivorians.

6108
csO: 3419/671

45



At least seven of them involved weapon smuggling, which the bunco police
are now investigating in the Trigon affair. The cargo was war material
from Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union or other East European
countries.

The cargoes contained Soviet AK-47 rifles, hand-held RPG-7 rockets, grenades,
TM-46 antitank mines plus ammunition for heavy artillery and small arms.
Since 1976 the five largest cargoes of arms to South Africa have come from
Bulgaria.

East bloc violation of the UN arms boycott is in clear conflict with their
official position toward South Africa and their official policy as a whole.

A number of the sold Kalachnikov rifles have been sent further from the
apartheid country to Jonas Savimbi's rebel forces in the Unita movement.
They fight from southern Angola against the MPLA forces in Luanda, which are
supported militarily by the Soviet Union and Cuba. The Soviets see the
pressure from Savimbi as a means of ensuring the dependence of Angola on
Moscow, according to the German weekly magazine DER SPIEGEL.

Some of the East bloc ammunition is used by South Africa's own troops,
while hand weapons such as the Soviet 12-bore Baikal is in heavy demand on
the growing South African market for arming private homes. The English
author Anthony Sampson estimates that half of South Africa's import of
hand weapons in the late 1970's came from Communist countries.

Connection

Peter Oscar Mulack was the businessman who, with the necessary discretion,
could bring together the need of the Communist countries for Western cur-
rencies and South Africa's desire for weapons outside the UN boycott.

The disclosure of his role as arms merchant between Colonel Qadhafi's

Libya and the IRA in Northern Island in 1974 has= not destroyed the former
lumberjack's connections on the spacious market for powder and ball. Against
a fee of 15 percent of the price of the cargo he would undertake to deliver
the goods to the customer's door, sometimes assisted by his countryman Heinz
Pollmann, who works in Madrid for the semipublic weapons firm Atlantico,

or the Yugoslav Miliangos, who after a time as a plastics manufacturer in
Switzerland has settled down in Monaco and conducts his arms trade from his
firm in Hamburg.

Mulack was owner of Entwicklung und Metallbau in Frankfurt, and Universum
SA in Geneva. In addition he owns Senator Investments Ltd. on the tax-free
Cayman Island in the Caribbean.

As transporters he used the paper company Yucca Properties with a false ad-
dress in London, and a more realistic headquarters in a post office box

at his office at Kronenbergerstrasse 30 in Frankfurt, and later at the home
of Mrs. Derringer, his private secretary in Miami.

114



MAURITIUS

DUVAL DEEMS PRIVATE INVESTMENT ESSENTIAL TO COUNTRY'S FUTURE
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 25 Feb 83 pp 5-6
[Interview with opposition leader Gaetan Duval; date and place not given]

[Text]. "Where is the island of Mauritius headed?" In recent
years, LE MAURICIEN has put that question to a number of
political and public opinion leaders during crucial phases of
our evolution. Two weeks ago, it questioned Prime Minister
Aneerood Jugnauth just after another government shakeup.
Today, it speaks with opposition leader Sir Gaetan Duval,
who looks at two major current issues: the present economic
erisis and the political turmoil.

[Question] Sir Gaetan Duval, eight months after the new government took of-
fice, what is your opinion, as the leader of the opposition, of the country's
situation at present? How do you judge the nation's mood and what are your
personal feelings about the situation?

[Answer] One gains an insight into the country's mood through the many meet-

’ ings organized by nearly all parties recently. Everyone, the MMM as well as
the opposition, is holding excellent meetings these days. What does that in-
dicate? That the people are waking up after what I would call a period of
complete apathy, apathy about the fact that promises were not kept, about the
successive political crises, about the fact that all hopes were systematically
disappointed. I therefore see an awakening.

The awakening began with the unions, which let it be known that they no longer
intended to be excluded or judged as a mere chamber for the approval of govern-
mental decisions. That awakening is now followed by a period of interest.
People want to hear what everyone has to say, how the government justifies its
policies, why the opposition challenges them, and so on. I now see more inter-
est than concern, after the blows that have rained down on the economy.

What do we now see in the economic field? The fact that the government is
paying a very high price for investments. And I would add, a price that
Ringadoo certainly would not have paid! Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo would very
likely have refused to pay half the price! Why? Because when we were in the
coalition government.and even afterwards, when the Labor Party governed alone,

50



TANZANIA

MINISTRY DIRECTS RADO TO SEND FERTILIZER REQUIREMENTS TO TFC
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Mar 83 p 1
[Article by Mike Sikawa]

[Excerpt] The Ministry of Agriculture has directed all Régional Agricultural
Development Officers (RADO) to send their regional fertiliser requirements
to the Tanzania Fertiliser Company (TFC) by the end of next month.

Informed sources said in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the directive had been
issued to enable the fertiliser company make the necessary arrangements for
allocations to each region.

The sources said only Iringa and Ruvuma regions had so far submitted their
requirements as of yesterday, and that communication from other regions were
still being awaited.

According to the sources, the Iringa Regional Development Committee (RDC)
which met recently, said the region needed 60,000 tonnes of fertiliser during
the coming season, Ruvuma had also said it required the same amount, the
sources said.

The sources, however, expressed reservations on the Iringa and Ruvuma figures
because the estimated national fertiliser demand stood at 120,000 tonnes a
year, which would mean that the two regions would consume all of it leaving
the other regions with nothing.

Decision on what amount each region should get would, however, be made when
all the regions had sent in their requirements, the sources said.

Other sources revealed yesterday that 55,000 tonnes of raw rock phosphates
produced at the Arusha-based Minjingu Phosphate Mines (MPC) would be used
unprocessed to supplement the shortfall which cannot be met by TFC.

MPC has a capacity of producing some 100,000 tonnes of rock phosphates an-

nually and some 45,000 tonnes are due to be sent to TFC in Tanga for fertiliser
manufacturing.

135



IVORY COAST

BRIEFS

SACKS EXPORTED--In order to satisfy a vast African market which it has just
conquered, the FILTISAC company has begun to export 2.3 million sacks. This
sale will bring to the company, and therefore to the country, more than 700
million CFA francs, or 2 million US dollars in foreign exchange. These are
the harbingers of the announced economic recovery, and also a sign of the
vitality of Ivorian industry. [Excerpt] [Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French
1 Mar 83 p 1] 6108

CsO: 3419/671

46



Putting to the seminar his own opinions as to how the party branches should work
from now on and the responsibilities of the committee members, Mr. Rene invited
the branch officials to comment and improve on the points he made.

Mr. Rene believed that the principal duty of a branch committee was to educate
and guide Front members and the population as a whole on the country's politi-
cal principles. He also though that a committee should organise district life
and activities in a way that would make ‘the community proud and satisfied;
guide the people through good example; and make suggestions and proposals as
to how the Government could improve the lives of the district communities.

"It is not the work of a branch committee to give orders," the party leader-
said, believing that branch committees should not impose rules and regulations
on their districts as to what to do and what not to do.

No More Pressure

Too often in the past, he continued, certain branch officials had tried to
pressure other people to give jobs, houses and such like to favourites of their
own choosing.

“It is not the work of branch to interfere in the Government's work," Mr.Rene
straongly believed, and he urged the new committees to make any complaints or
suggestions they had in this sphere through the Secretary-General's Office.
The Government should be allowed: to get on with its work instead of spending
precious time dealing with similar complaints from different districts.

After all, one of the jobs of the Front's Central Executive Committee as
elected by the party members, through the National Congress, was to ensure
that the Government adhered to the political principles of the country.

It is not the work of a branch committee to spread rumours or to criticise
negatively and outside the right channels", the SPPF president also said.
Nothing could be more*harmful to the unity of the party and the country, Mr.
Rene underlined.

Looking at the branch committee's five members, the party president said that
now the chairman would have many more responsipilities than before, although
he would Be helped by a full-time fully-qualified, and implicitely trusted
secretary. :

Tf the CEC felt, on its own or on the advice of the branch committee that a
chairman or. any other member was not doing his job properly, it would not
hesttate to replace the person at any time. This would also apply to a com-
mittee as a whole, Mr. Rene said.

In the President's words, a chairman would be “100 per cent responsible" for
the workings of his branch, including all the duties of the committee members
specifically responsible for political education, social affaires, youth and
culture.

75



SOUTH AFRICA

REACTIONS TO HORWOOD'S BUDGET REPORTED

* CBudget Criticized by Opposition
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Mar 83 pp 7, 11
[Article by John Battersby]

[Text] Opposition spokesmen on finance last night slammed Mr Owen Horwood's
lack-lustre Budget as an inadequate holding measure which failed to come to
grips with the escalating problems of inflation and unemployment.

The Progressive Federal Party's chief spokesman, Mr Harry Schwarz, described
the budget as a “major disappointment" which failed to come to grips with the
long-term challenges facing the country.

"It could be described as a “stand still' Budget which demonstrates neither
courage nor imagination,“ he said.

And New Republic Party finance spokesman, Mr George Bartlett, said it was clear
from the Budget that Mr Horwood was still trying to rectify the Government's
past mismanagement of the economy, paying the price in the form of a continu-
ing high inflation rate.

“In a nutshell the Minister expects South Africa to bite the bullet while the
Government marks time," Mr Bartlett said.

The PFP also criticized the sharp increase in defence spending but welcomed
the substantial increase in Government expenditure on education.

The party also welcomed the proposals to abolish separate taxation for blacks,
the increases for social pensioners but pointed out that the money-gap between
the race groups in respect to pensions and the means test would increase.

Mr Phillip Myburgh, the PFP's defence spokesman, said that the 15,9% increase
in the defense budget to Rs 093-million meant that expenditure now accounted
for 14,6T of the Budget compared to 13,8% last year.

He said defence expenditure while necessary was economically unproductive
and hence inflationary.

85



Actually, this expression denotes a good deal of natural admiration for the
work accomplished,.which is truly considerable.

All the same, it also denotes the reaction of fools who had predicted disas~
ter and attributed success to mere luck. They could not admit that what they
called a miracle was only the result of a joint effort that had been admirab-
ly planned, coordinated and brought to completion through plain ordinary
human labor.

Today, newspapers and magazines have forgotten the intervention of the super>
natural into Ivorian affairs, and they would be more inclined to talk of
"economic conditions," which are poor as expected, if the subject had not
become so common all over the world. Now, the Ivory Coast is not going to
make do with the common fate and our reporter friends all over the world
have finally found a:new subject of concern that is Abla Pokou's country's
very own.

“What about the President's succession?"

"No successor has been appointed, what-is going to happen should he die
suddenly?"

"Is not an outburst of tribal conflicts to be expected right after his
death?"

When such questions are raised, coffee, cocoa, oil and the deterioration of
exchange conditions are relegated to the background, given only relative
importance in view of the only subject worthy of attention: the death of the
Old Man!

There is something indecent and revolting in this insistence of scribblers
to bury Houphouet. Indeed, Houphouet himself is not about to play the dying
man; a young minister in his government was telling us recently that he had
never been as dazzling in taking initiatives and, he added, his strength of
character is equalled only by his physical strength which allows him to

get through a lot of work with only a few hours of rest every day.

The Time of the Prophets of Doom

The average Ivorian, and more especially the inhabitant of inland centers,
is not much concerned by this problem. He hopes to keep his Old Man for a
long time to come and feels that the time has not yet come to give him an
understudy.

Since Houphouet is the best, he must remain the sole master. In traditional
Africa, authority and the attributes of power are not shared.

Thus, the mass constituency is not ready to follow certain politicians who
would like to prepare the post-Houphouet era right now!

To prepare it on what bases?

39



SWAZILAND

PRIME MINISTER PLEDGES PEACE, STABILITY, UNITY
MB111255 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 11 Apr 83 pp 1, 16

[Text] Peace and stability will continue to be the cornerstone of this
country.

Government will do all in its power to ensure that the peace and stability
his late Majesty King Sobhuza II cherished so much is maintained, the Prime
Minister, Prince Bhekimpe, has said.

In an interview with THE TIMES at the weekend, Prince Bhekimpi said stability
was essential if this country was to develop economically, especially in
these difficult times of world recession.

He expressed particular concern that "as a result of the recession industrial
development in the country had become sluggish and that unemployment was
becoming a major problem."

He called for unity among the country's population at these difficult times
in the world economies. "Without unity, we cannot hope to win the battle
before us," said the prime minister.

Prince Bhekimpi also made it clear that he had no intention of deviating
from the country's present policies as laid down by the late King Sobhuza.

"Swaziland will continue to pursue, among others, the policy of peaceful
negotiations as the only reasonable method to solve problems," he said.

The Kingdom will, as in the past, not interfere in the internal affairs of
other countries and will also not expect interference in its own affairs by
other countries.

"We will follow the policies of our late King because we believe they are the
best for the survival of our nation," he stated.

On the land deal with South Africa, the prime minister said the Swazi people
wherever they be have a right to be united because that is how God wants.it.
He stated that it would be unfair to refuse the Swazi people the right to
unite just because a few people have decided to ignore the facts’of history
and elected to oppose this unity.

126



Trust

From the discreet villa in Vedbaek the two Danish shipowners have come into
public notice in a great political drama about South Africa's billions in
purchases of modern war material from Communist and Western weapon industries,
the largest evasion maneuver in the history of the UN.

The shipowner's dressing gown is one of the more unusual accessories in this
power play of Africa's white bastion.

From a slip of paper in the pocket it was shown that the shipowner should
pay his former charterer 100,000 dollars "as full and final settlement" of
their outstanding account. The amount should be paid in five installments
of 20,000 dollars, and according to deletions on the bill the charterer had
received 80,000 dollars.

The charterer himself remembered only having received 60,000-70,000 dollars.

He explained that 3 days after the search in Vedbaek, when on his 38th
birthday he avoided arrest and imprisonment in southern Spain by voluntarily
accompanying two Danish officials from his home in Benalmadena to a pre-
liminary hearing at Nytorv in Copenhagen.

Before a single dollar was paid, the charterer had in advance acknowledged
receipt of the million Danish kroner. That indicates, noted the prosecutor
in the case, deputy public prosecutor Jorn Hald, a rather unusual fiduciary
relationship between the shipowner and his former charterer and partner.

The depth of that confidence is illustrated also by the fact that the two
were not officially on speaking terms, since they broke off their cooper-
ation in late 1980, a few months after the first press reports of the Trigon
arms shipments to South Africa. Even though the charterer has lived since
December 1980 near the shipowner's vacation home on the Spanish Costa del
Sol, they carefully avoided each other. The exception was one day in Feb-
ruary 1982 when they made their reciprocal agreement.

Of the 100,000 dollars the charterer, according to the agreement with Trigon
Shipping Company, would have the last 20,000 deposited in January of this
year in an account in the Banque Internationale in Luxembourg.

The economic structure surrounding these funds forms part of the charges by
the bunco police against the two directors for unlawful arms transport, and
also for fraud or fraud committed by an agent on his principal against
shareholders in the Trigon Shipping Company.

The circle includes several of the shipowner's friends from the Danish

colony in southern Spain and the Copenhagen Golf Club at Eremitagen. The
largest shareholder is Director Erik Poulsen of Marbella, whose name is

110



SOUTH AFRICA

SECURITY POLICE DISRUPT UNION CONGRESS
MB111559 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0600 GMT 11 Apr 83

[Text] In Port Elizabeth security police action has disrupted the congress
of a major trade union. Guest speaker at the Third Congress of the Motor
Assembly and Component Workers' Union was to be SACOS [expansion unknown]
President, (Frank Van der Horst). He was detained and questioned by police
before he could reach the Congress. He also madé a statement. (Van der
Horst) was later released.

Security police spokesperson (in Van Rensburg) has also confirmed that many
whites, indians and coloreds were turned away from the congress because they
had no permits to enter the New Brighton townships. Three vans carrying TV
crews were also stopped from entering. WACUSA [expansion unknown] has
alleged another guest speaker, Natal Indian Congress President (Zac Jaboc),
was refused entry to New Brighton, and that teargas was used by police in
the hall.

cso: 3400/1160

119



SWAZILAND

NATIONAL COUNCIL CHAIRMAN COMMENTS ON MABANDLA
MB111934 Mbabane Domestic Television Service in Siswati 1630 GMT 11 Apr 83

[Text] Mr David Lukhele, the secretary of the Swaziland National Council,
today told our reporter that Prince Mabandla, who was dismissed as the
country's prime minister and fled to South Africa, told the supreme council,
in the presence of Enos Mabuza, the chief executive councillor of Kangwane,
that there was no way of correcting the course of justice in Swaziland.

Mr Lukhele said Prince Mabandla asked this council the question: If the
Swazis had the nerve to dismiss him, a prince, what was Mabuza after all?
Mr Lukhele said that Mr Mabuza is expected to explain to the council meeting
in Bethal on 24 April why Prince Mabandla left home after being thanked by
the Queen Mother Dzeliwe on 18 March this year.

Asked by our reporter whether he, himself, had heard the disclosures by the
Royal House about what Prince Mabandla is purported to have said, Mr Lukhele
said that he has full knowledge that Prince Mabandla had said all those
things. Asked about the source of the report that Prince Mabandla is
advising Mr Enos Mabuza on the Kangwane land question, Mr Lukhele said he
had not heard Prince Mabandla advising Mr Mabuza, but he sees that as a
possibility because Mr Mabuza and Prince Mabandla had been inseparable, even
while Prince Mabandla was still our prime minister.

When asked where Prince Mabandla was staying, Mr Lukhele said he stays at
the home of a well-known Kangwane businessman. Asked what Prince Mabandla
intends to do in the future, Mr Lukhele said that he does not know, because
the prince has tried and failed many times to get asylum in countries such
as Israel, Tanzania and Mozambique. Mr Lukhele said these countries turned
down Prince Mabandla's requests for fear of jeopardizing their good relations
with Swaziland.

Our reporter then talked with Mr Mabuza, after conflicting reports had been
received that Prince Mabandla had been seen in Lobamba sometime last week.
However, those who are supposed to be well-informed about the prince's
arrival at Lobamba--that is, if he did come at all--said they knew nothing
about these reports. Mr Lukhele said that he last saw Prince Mabandla. in
Kangwane on Thursday, when he arrived after leaving the Republic of South
Africa. However, the Liqogo recently announced that Prince Mabandla is free
to return home and added that at the moment there are still no plans to
charge him with anything. These reports by the Liqoqo followed reports from
South Africa that Prince Mabandla fled in fear for his life.

cso: 3400/1162 124.



The delegation is now visiting the Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Veter-
inary Sciences in Morogoro and would go to Sao Hill in Iringa Region to in-
spect projects funded by them, he said.

They have already held talks with officials of the Muhimbili Medical Centre
(MMC) and Tanzania Livestock Research Organisation (TALIRO).

Ndugu Hinderrson said SAREC agreed to provide more funds to the MMC in their
efforts to fight malaria, and also assist the National Institute for Medical

Research to establish concrete evidence of chloroquine's impotence against
malaria parasites.

cso: 3400/1112

148



ZIMBABWE

"HERALD' SAYS NKOMO PRESSURED TO RETURN
AB121006 Paris AFP in English 0817 GMI 12 Apr 83

[Text] Harare, 12 Apr (AFP)--Two British companies that have been paying
for the stay in London of fugitive Zimbabwe opposition leader Joshua Nkomo
are now pressuring him to go home, according to a report in the pro-
government HERALD newspaper here today.

The HERALD's London correspondent wrote that the two multinational companies
had wanted Mr Nkomo to return to Harare last week, and believed his political
position was growing weaker the longer he stayed away.

The report said the companies, which had spent 23,000 U.S. dollars on air
fares, hotel bills and other expenses for Mr Nkomo and two aides, were now
threatening to withdraw their financial support.

Mr Nkomo, 65, fled Zimbabwe for Botswana then London early last month, saying
Prime Minister Robert Mugabe had ordered him killed during army operations
against anti-government rebels in Mr Nkomo's southwestern stronghold of
Bulawayo. The government denied this.

The HERALD report did not identify the companies sponsoring Mr Nkomo in
Britain, saying only that they had holdings in Zimbabwe, Zambia, Kenya and
other African states. However, it appeared certain that one of them was
Lonrho, whose chief executives, Roland "Tiny" Rowland, is a close friend of
Mr Nkomo.

The HERALD report said the companies had been incensed when Mr Nkomo told
a news conference last week that he was not going home yet because of the
publication 29 March of a Zimbabwe Catholic bishops’ report on atrocities
committed by the army against civilians in the southwest.

His permit to stay in Britain has now been extended to 12 May.
A spokesman for one of the companies was quoted as noting that Mr Nkomo
"says he is not a political refugee, but he will become one unless he plucks

up courage and returns home before the independence anniversary celebrations
(Sunday and Monday). After that his credibility will dwindle away."

152



JPRS 83296

20 April 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2787

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Continental Security Discussed
(Charles Zorgbibe; POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE,

Winter 82-83)...... aeeee 1
Editorial Report on Frontline Meeting

(AVANTE, 31 Mar 83)..... sen eeeeeeeee 8

ANGOLA

UNITA Warns Foreigners of Danger, Steps Up Campaign

(TEMPO, 17 Feb 83)..... ee eenee see e ee ceeeeeeee ce ecaeee eeeeee 9
Media Changes Tone Toward South Africa After Negotiations

(O PRIMEIRO DE JANEIRO, 28 Feb 83) cceccccccceccceeceeeceees IL
Prosecution's Final Statement at Bombers’ Trial

(Luanda Domestic Service, 6 Apr 83)...+.ssseeseeee weeeeeeee 13
Course Stresses Political Work in Defense Forces

(Luanda Domestic Service, 6 Apr 83)...seeeeeeeecseeereeeeee 14
Paulo Jorge, ANC's Tambo View Namibian Issue

(Paulo Jorge, Oliver Tambo Interview; EL MOUDJAHID,

30 Mar 83) cece cccccccccc cee cnsseeen cece rete neseeees weeeeee 15
UNITA Radio Reports 15 March-2 April Operations

(Voice of Resistance of the Black Cockerel, 8 Apr 83)...... 18
Briefs

Crude Exports to Brazil 21

CONGO

Connection Between Petroleum, First Five-Year Plan Stressed

(Michel Boyer; LE MONDE, 13-14 Mar 83).. weeee . 22

- an {III - NE & A - 120]



Ndugo Sokoine said the National Assembly was a place which should ensure that
although Tanzania is a one Party state, democracy and basic principles of
justice are maintained.

Sokoine's Address ‘Serious, Thought-Provoking'
Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 27 Mar 83 p 4
[Editorial]

[Text] ONCE again national attention has been drawn to the poor position of
our economy, pointing more to the methodology of finding concrete solutions
rather than moralising over known problems.

This time, this opportunity came by way of a five-day Party organised seminar
for the top brass--government ministers, principal secretaries, judges and
leaders of parastatal organisations--which ended in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

In a serious and thought-provoking closing address by the Prime Minister,
Ndugu Edward Sokoine, one point came out very clearly: The need to immedi-
ately perfect our methods of work, deepening our resolve to achieve tangible
results.

The seminar was a significant departure from past experiences in that for the
first time ever, it brought together top government and parastatal leaders to
critically re-examine their roles in society against the background of the
situation currently obtaining in the country. .

Frank exchanges, undertaken in the Party spirit of criticism and self-criti-
cism, demonstrated the country's consciousness that Socialism is the only way
to build an egalitarian and just society.

We have to strive for organisation, that is, every peasant and worker in what-
ever capacity must understand his role and level of responsibility and
accountability in the struggle to build socialism in our country.

Above all, a knowledgeable leadership, dedicated and ready to work in harmony
and coherently for the accomplishment of the tasks defined by society is most
essential.

For quite sometime now, economic management institutions have been operating
as if they were separate from each other while fully aware that the Party has
defined and specified particular tasks that ought to be accomplished in
co-ordination.

The expectation of the people of this country after the just ended leaders’
seminar is more and better co-ordination of tasks to that the final objective
--national economic revival--is realised in quantifiable production volume.

Peasants and workers, are the determinants of our success in the economic war.

For they are the real producers of goods in factories, on the farms and at
work places in the service institutions.

142



SOUTH AFRICA

MISSILE RANGE SITE WILL STAY, SAYS ARMSCOR
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Mar 83 p 10M
[Article by John Fensham]

[Text] Cape Town--Armscor's proposed new missile testing range will not be
moved from the area between Waenhuiskrans and Cape Infanta, even if an offi-
cial environmental impact study predicts ecological damage through military
use. .

The size of the 40 000 ha range and the level of activities could, however, be
scaled down.

This was spelt out by the head of Armscor, Commandant Piet Marais, and his
executive general manager, Mr Fred Bell, at'a Press conference in Cape Town.

"There is simply no alternative terrain," Commandant Marais said.

He stressed that no land whatever had been acquired for the proposed missile
range, and none would be acquired until the results of the study, to be done
by the Department of Environmental Conservation and Fisheries, had been re-
leased.

"If this study indicates that our activities in.the area could have a negative
effect on the environment, we will have to re-examine our priorities and per-
haps scale down the level of our operations," Commandant Marais said.

"Using a team of our local and overseas specialists armed with a carefully
compiled list of priorities, we inspected the entire Republic--and the choice
finally fell on two separate areas between Waenhuiskrans and Cape Infanta,
with the De Hoop reserve untouched in between.

The major area of activity--where workshops, laboratories, instrument instal-
lations and the firing range itself will be situated--will be between Arniston
and Skipskop, with missiles being fired across the bay to the area between
Vaalkrans and Bloukrans. .

To ensure safety, an area of about 6 000 ha bordering the De Hoop beach will be

subject to periodic closure during test firing, which could amount to no more
than a few days each year.

103



DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Has this conference produced any new proposals to the
international community with a view to ending the climate of tension in
southern Africa?

Joaquim Chissano: This conference is not at the government level. Its
proposals will not necessarily transform the tense situation in southern
Africa overnight. But, if implemented conscientiously by all the organiza~
tions or governments represented here, they will create conditions for
attenuating the state of tension. At least they will serve as a force of
pressure, a moral force on the apartheid regime, which is the principal cause
of the tension in southern Africa. There are also proposals of a material
nature, actions designed to increase the frontline countries' defense capa-
bility, from the economic, military and social viewpoints. Each organization
and each country will undoubtedly proceed from this conference's resolutions
to make its ow contribution within the context that it judges most useful.
If in the military field, fine; if in the social field, excellent; if in

the economic field, even bettér!

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: Would you care to comment on the allegations that this
would serve the strategic interests of the Soviet Union?

Joaquim Chissano: This conference has a specific aim: Support for the
frontline countries and for the liberation movements in southern Africa.

It is possible that the Soviet Union has a particular interest in this con-
ference. I believe that any other country could also attend and serve its
own interests through this conference. But it was not convened for that
purpose. I do not know whether it could serve Portugal's interests. I
believe it does. A country that supports another certainly has advantages;
mutual cooperation and friendship. If the Soviet Union has any particular
interests in the conference, that is the concern of the Soviet Union, not of
the conference, which was convened to support the frontline countries. This
is why we are attending. If it were a conference organized to serve the
interests of the Soviet Union perhaps we would not attend. But if the Soviet
Union's strategy is to support the frontline countries, we can only applaud
it and appeal to everyone to join this strategy, which is very healthy.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: What are the prospects for bilateral relations between
Mozambique and Portugal?

Joaquim Chissano: Relations between Mozambique and Portugal are good and
there is cooperation in several sectors, virtually all sectors.. Objective
difficulties of a material nature could prevent a greater advance. But

since President Ramalho Eanes' visit and later the Portuguese prime minister's
visit to Mozambique, we have entered a more intense phase of relations of
cooperation between the countries. Some of the material difficulties are
tending to increase. In Lisbon we took stock of the situation with both the
president of the republic and the foreign minister. We are devoting greater
attention to alleviating and unblocking the very pressing deadlocks that we
identified.

CsO: 3442/187

63



Three months after Master Sergeant Samuel K. Doe came to power, the captain
and the chief engineer were suddenly released from prison. Gerald Cooper,

Liberia's former Commissioner for maritime affairs resigned shortly after-

wards. He is now working as a maritime consultant in London.

Liberia's registration facilities are generally efficient, and the adminis-
tration is handled from the US, not Monrovia. The main operational centre at
Reston, Virginia, controls a string of offices in New York, London, Rotterdam,
Piraeus, Zurich and Hong Kong. Large US oil companies, among other conven-
tional operators, use the Liberian registration.

The establishment of the Liberian flag was masterminded by retired US Secre-
tary of State Edward Stettinius. His private papers, which have recently
become available, show that CIA deputy director-general Edwin Siebert was in-
formed about the strategic implications of the proposal. Siebert was told
that the registration company would be able to provide the CIA with informa-
tion and reports, and that America's strategic interests in Africa would be
well served.

Panama, which has about 18% of total flag of convenience tonnage, is Liberia's
only serious rival. A number of other sountries offer similar facilities,
including Singapore, Cyprus and Honduras. Other newcomers, usually tiny is-
lands, are keen to get into the act. Latest among these interlopers are the
Caymans, the Bahamas and Vanuatu.

In an intriguing development just over a year ago, Liberia faced a possible
African rival. Reports from London suggested that British shipowner, Nicholas
Churcher, and lawyer, Richard Dresner, were attempting to persuade Nigeria to
agree to become a new flag of convenience. The idea was that Churcher's com—
pany, Marine Registration, would be given a contract to administer the service
in return for a proportion of the ship registration fee.

Churcher's proposal has floundered, although it may have had some support from
the Nigerian ministry of finance. Nigeria has denied that the scheme was ever
a starter and gives its full backing to Third World demands for the abolition
of flags of convenience. Churcher also approached a number of other countries
including Ghana, Sierra Leone and the Seychelles. But at present the British
businessman's attempts to break the Liberian near-monopoly seem to have ended.

There is a chance that the US and the other Western powers will be able to use
their influence to block effective action to phase out flags of convenience,

although there will have to be some drastic reforms if Third World opposition
is to be quelled.

cso: 3400/1110

49



Even that would not be enough. We would have to improve housing, transport,
recreational and other facilities for the newly skilled people.

All the services, like pensions, for which the Government is responsible re-
flect discrimination, But equalisation at this stage is just not possible.

All we can do at this stage is to narrow the gap, and whites must realise
they will have to take a knock and make big sacrifices.

Many English-speakers will accept this but many others often dismiss the Prime

Minister's initiative as "cosmetic".

Have they done their homework on the economic implications of putting too much
bargaining power too early in the hands of poor and unproductive people?

The Government's constitutional reforms are much more significant than is
generally recognised. Once they get off the ground and acquire their own
momentum, they are going to be truly significant.

Favourite Demand

Another favourite demand of the PFP and the English-language Press is for civil
rights without discrimination. Discrimination can be abolished “though only
if there is one man one vote.

Personally, I don't like discrimination. I admit there are indefensible forms
of it, but I also believe it is possible to give apartheid a more human face,
and I hope that is what is happening now.

Tf the Government meets the PFP's demands there will be an economic collapse,
a breakdown in civilised standards. Here, I am not talking about the white
man's luxurious lifestyle, but about South Africa's civilised standards, as
in industrialised, Western-orientated country.

As whites we are all terribly spoiled. To bring about revolutionary change

we will need to change the hearts and minds of whites, and this will take a long
time. For this we will need the help of the Afrikaans churches, whose role will
be crucial.

Unfortunately the hierarchial structure of the Dutch Reformed Churches is very
right-wing orientated. The Church is part of the structure that has to be
changed, because the Church legitimises the system.

When the Prime Minister says the status quo has to change, he means the values
which support the status quo are no longer valid.

The NP in the 1977 general election secured the support of 66 percent of vot-

ers, It was a coalition of three groups: an enlightened group, a centre group
and the right wing--each of, say, 22 percent.

98



CONGO

CONNECTION BETWEEN PETROLEUM, FIRST FIVE-YEAR PLAN STRESSED
Paris LE MONDE in French 13-14 Mar 83 pp 11, 12
[Reticle by Michel Boyer: "Cuts in the Congo's First Five-Year Plan"/

[ixcerpt/ As a new petroleum-producing country, the Congo
is concerned about the consequences of the decline in crude
oil prices on its first Five-Year Plan for 1982-1986.

While considering the cuts to be examined during a meeting
of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party at the
end of March/beginning of April, the Congo's leaders intend
to increase petroleum production to compensate in part for
the drop in international prices.

In the Congo, petroleum and the plan are linked to one another just like the
Congo's flag with the crossed hoe and hammer on a red background and E1f
Congo's blue and red chevron-patterned flag which fly side by side over the
industrial center's warehouses. :

In this:ecountry of 1.5 million which still claims to be Marxist-Leninist, this
type of reconciliation might offend some sensibilities; however, the Congo
has realistically chosen to base its development on petroleum.

So, it is with concern that its leaders are seeing the price:of crude oil
decline. Howeyer, as it is not a.member of OPEC, the Congo--the fourth
largest producer in black Africa after Nigeria, Gabon and Angola, with 4.5
million tons produced in 1982--feels free to incraese offshore drilling to
compensate in part for the losses in profit.

At headquarters which yery much haye the air of "people's democracy," while
his future facilities are being built nearby, the minister of plan, Mr Pierre
Moussa, notes that the 1982-1986 Five-Year Plan, the first one, was based on
a price of approximately $ 33 per barrel, with petroleum proyiding "a little
more than half" of the financing. "We are certainly going to experience 2
years of shrinking revenues," he adds.

Taking into consideration the expériences of other countries such as Gabon for
example, and also the adyice of foreign experts, particularly the French, the
Congolese leaders have been prudent enough to design an adjustable plan:

every July a financial outline is drawn up for the end of the year in progress

22



ANGOLA

UNITA’ RADIO REPORTS 15 MARCH-2 APRIL OPERATIONS

MBO81749 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the Black Cockerel in Portuguese
to Angola 0430 GMT 8 Apr 83

[UNITA Radio: "Report on the Country's Political and Military Situation"
issued by the Operations Room of the Strategic Operational Commarid--date not
given]

[Text] The Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola [FALA], expression of
power of our people's frustration; FALA, the giant, FALA on the attack. The
struggle triumphs. Words can neither explain victories nor justify defeats.
Facts speak for themselves, said Comrade President Gen Dr Jonas Malheiro
Savimbi, FALA's Supreme Commander.

After the great success achieved at Alto Catumbela, FALA continues to imple-
ment the operational program under the leadership of comrade supreme comman-
der. Thus, during the last 15 days of March, a number of operations were
launched, of which we mention the following:

On 15 March glorious FALA attacked the (Vilavi) post. The enemy suffered

26 confirmed casualties among the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation
of Angola [FAPLA] and the People's Defense Organization [ODP]. Seven AK-47s,
20 Russian mausers, 1 60-mm mortar, 1 RPG-7, 7 G-3s, 2 pistols, 120 head of
cattle, 90,000 cuanzas in currency, and assorted ammunition were captured.

On 18 March glorious FALA attacked an enemy column traveling from (Cueio)
to Caiundo. Twelve FAPLA members, including the column's commander, were
found dead at the spot. Ten AK-47s, 2 RPG-7s, 1 60-mm mortar, 14 mausers,
14 RPG-7 shells, and 1 field radio were captured.

On 20 March UNITA forces attacked a 17-vehicle column carrying Cuban and
Angolan forces. After 50: minutes of intense firing the enemy was put to
flight. All vehicles were destroyed. Twelve Cubans and 39 FAPLA men,
including 20 state security members and 15 Angolan border guards troops,
were found dead at the spot. Captured were 34 Czechoslovak AK's, 2 75-mm
cannon, 3 82-mm mortars, 4 (BKM's), 12 AK-47s, 16 G-3s, 25 PPSH's, 2 very
pistols, 120 defensive hand grenades, 2 radio transmitters, 57 pairs of
leather boots, 20 pairs of canvas boots, 160 uniform shirts, 140 trousers,
and 200 T-shirts. Three FAPLA members, (Rodrigues dos Santos), (Antonio Sao
Paulo) and (Alberto David), were all captured. We suffered two lightly
wounded.

18



--There is 10 212,6 sq. m. of floor space for cargo in sheds. The cubic
capacity of the sheds (based on stacking height of 3,43 m) is 35 029,2 cubic
metres. There is 5708 sq.m. of uncovered ore platforms while there is ample
storage available for rough goods.

--Fresh water can be supplied at a rate of 15 tons per hour.

--The entrance channel is 3 436,3m long and 134 m wide, with a depth of
10,07 m. at Chart Datum.

=--The harbour is served by two first-class tugs equipped with radar, radio
telephone, direction finding apparatus, salvage and fire-fighting appliances,
one pilot tug, one pilot launch and two harbour launches.

--There is a 40-ton hopper and one combined grab dredger/anchor barge (which
is not self-propelled).

—-Sufficient mechanical appliances of capacities ranging from four tons to 35
tons are avatlable for the handling of general cargo.

cso: 3400/1136

102



GABON

BRIEFS

NEED FOR REPLACEMENT OF POLITICAL SCHEMERS, GRAFTERS~-Today [3 March] our
great national party [Gabonese Democratic Party] will emerge even stronger
from the third extraordinary congress. Its role as a driving force of na-
tional life will be decisive, and its preeminence over the four institutions
of the state will be reaffirmed once again. This extraordinary congress has
come to the point this year where people speak of a change of mentality. In
fact, despite the resolutions passed by the members at the extraordinary con-
gress in 1979, I see the same old habits continuing: the accumulation of
offices in a single person, rowdy activism in the folkloric style, profes-
sional imcompetence, the 10 percenters who derive their income from several
sources. We find the same people in the cabinet, in the political bureau or
central committee of the party, presiding over the administrative councils.
All of this fully justifies the holding of a congress. I hope that this time
the resolutions will be applied, so that the men who are worn out, the schemers,
the grafters, and the wire-pullers will leave and let the right man have the
right job. [Text] [Libreville L'UNION in French 3 Mar 83 p 1] 5170

MISUSE OF FRENCH, AFFECTATION ON PART OF LEADING LIGHTS--What words were used
during the work of our latest extraordinary congress of the party [Gabonese
Democratic Party]. The leaders, these people of influence, have given us an
example of what should not be done among people of a certain class and of a
certain rank in society. After having discussed various drafts among them-
selves, in substance and in terms of the grammar, they presented a real spec-
tacle before the other people attending the congress. Using scholarly language
and pedantic expressions, they quibbled about terms which are well known to
everyone. For hours they held the floor and displayed their fatuity. The
term "unconstitutional" gave them the opportunity to use their Latin and their
writing skills, finally including in the official document a serious but ele-
mentary grammatical error. As for me, Makaya, I ask myself at times why our
well-known Gabonese scholars always try to impress us with their poor quality
French which they have not even been able to master. Like us at home they
would do better to look at their pocket dictionaries and review their grammar
from time to time. That would be a better way of avoiding ridicule. [Excerpt]
[Libreville L'UNION in French 5-6 Mar 83 p 1] 5170

EVILS EATING AWAY AT PARTY DESCRIBED--Today [2 March] our great party [Gabon-
ese Democratic Party] is meeting in an extraordinary congress. Several meet-
ings prepared the way for this great political event: a meeting of the cabinet
and meetings of the political bureau and of the central committee. However, I

30



“extra services" to the firm which chartered Trigon's ships. The funds had
nothing to do with the Trigon Shipping Company, he explained. They only
concerned the special Trigon Chartering, which the two leaders alone owned.

"Did they not receive the funds because the voyages had something to do
with shipping weapons to South Africa?" asked prosecutor Jorn Hald.

"No. It was for services of telephone, telex and time. You could not ex-
pect us to work for nothing."

"But 1400 to 1500 kroner per ship per day? That is a lot of money for
telexes to a ship," continued Hald.

"Of course it is not wrong to earn money," answered the charterer.
Panic
The police do not believe the explanation by the accused.

In a later hearing the charterer admitted that he and the bookkeeper--who
is also his wife--in accordance with an agreement with the Trigon owner,
destroyed about 170 ledger cards in Trigon's bookkeeping records and re-
placed them with false vouchers instead.

The ledger cards originated in the second half of 1980 and all dealt with
the current chartering of the Trigon ships to the Liberian company Zeefeldt.
Trigon's vouchers for the charters were burned and the accounts transferred
to a large joint account under the designation "various expenses and
freights."

According to the charterer, this destruction was a "panic action" caused
by the first press report of the shipping company's connection with arms
smuggling to South Africa.

The owner denied having been involved in advance. When he later became
oriented, he found that it would be "correct to put everything into a joint
account," as he explained it in court.

The falsification took place in the 17 days which the Lyngby Police per-
mitted to go by from the notification to the shipping company to the inter-
rogation of the two directors in the summer of 1980. This was disclosed
after the search last month.

Among the many hastily reconstructed ledger cards which the bunco police
experts from the auditing firm Seier-Petersen retrieved from the cartons

from Vedbaek, was also account number 219, marked "Mulack."

At the hearing the charterer was asked if he knew anyone with the name
Mulack.

112



TANZANIA

MINISTER URGES PARTY TO PREPARE 1981 PARTY GUIDELINES IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 Mar 83 p 1
[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Excerpt] The Party has been urged to prepare an elaborate schedule for
implementation of the 1981 Party Guidelines.

The Minister of State for Planning and Economic Affairs, Professor Kighoma
Malima told the seminar for ministers and senior government and parastatal
institutions officials in Dar es Salaam yesterday that this would facilitate
the implementation process.

Prof. Malima said strategies for improved economic performance had been set
and that Party, Government and parastatal organisations leaders should
identify their specialised roles and "implement them with full force".

In a paper, “implementation of the 1981 CCM Guidelines", Prof. Malima who is
also a member of the Party National Executive Committee (NEC) told the seminar
that the guidelines recommended solutions for the major economic and institu-
tional problems facing the country.

He said most of the guidelines were in various stages of implementation but
that more efforts were needed in a number of fields.

The minister said stringent legal measures directed by the guidelines against
economic crimes such as theft of public property, armed banditry, smuggling
and flagrant business contracts should be instituted immediately.

He said the policy decision had been discussed exhaustively and that it was
time to take concrete deterrent measures without further delay.

Prof. Malima cautioned that recurrency of such malpractices without tangible
countermeasures would erode public confidence in the government.

He said the essence of criticism and self-criticism was for leaders and public

officials to learn from past mistakes and realign themselves towards the right
direction.

133



[Question] In these times of widespread unemployment, is it not shocking that
you should take Mauritian industrialists’ to Reunion to invest their capital
there and create jobs there instead of creating them at home?

[Answer] No. First of all, investing in Reunion means moving in the very
direction of our relations with Reunion. If Mauritians live in Reunion,
upper-level Mauritian personnel will be admitted into Reunion and the French
market will be open to their products. There are elements of fruitful coopera-
tion. One can have several stages of production here, then make the finished
products in Reunion, and those products will enter France. Mauritian and
Reunionese interests can be combined.

[Question] The government has experienced successive political crises since
October and generally gives an impression of great fragility. How much time
do you give the alliance?

[Answer] That will depend on what Berenger and Jugnauth do. Everyone thinks
that the crisis is between the MMM and the PSM [Mauritian Socialist Party].
That is not so. The crisis is between Berenger and Jugnauth. Two conceptions
of authority, of the constitution, come into conflict. Jugnauth has pulled
himself together, while Berenger has missed the boat. He played his cards
wrong. The establishment has rallied, as one could have expected, around
Jugnauth/Boodhoo and the MMM machine has been put to sleep. Jugnauth may
have thought: "If Berenger’ does not agree, he can leave!"

Berenger is too impatient. That is what ruins him. He has no experience.

He does not realize that Ramgoolam, Jugnauth and the others can wait and do
nothing for months or years. Under the current system, the prime minister
controls the game. Berenger thought he could humiliate Jugnauth as he wished
but he figured wrong. I. have known Jugnauth in the Bar for a very long time.
He can leap like a fish, rear up in the traces but withdraw as well. I think
he is enamored of democracy, which explains the sympathy I have for him. I
also think he is honest and’ capable of .a:spectacular coup, of leaving as he
did when he was in the court or in government in the 1960's. But I also know
that he has now consolidated his position in the establishment. I see great
assurance in him.

My analysis is therefore that Berenger, by trying to do too much, has lost
ground. But let us not be deceived. Berenger is still very strong and despite
attempts by Jugnauth to oppose some of his policies, I do not know whether
Jugnauth can still contain Berenger.

In my opinion, Berenger remains the principal adversary. I fear his actions,
I dread his techniques and I believe he is profoundly intolerant. The opposi-
tion in Mauritius is now divided, confronting Berenger, into two camps: those
who believe that Berenger can deliver the goods and and impose his law on
everyone (among them, I even see the Mauritian extreme right) for the purpose
of saving the country; and second, those who think that anything is better
than a dictatorship like that of Rene, Ratsiraka, Berenger.

55



SOUTH AFRICA

ARREST IN DENMARK RESULTS IN REVEALING DETAILS OF ARMS BUYING
Copenhagen INFORMATION in Danish 5-6 Feb 83 p 6

[Article by Maria Cuculiza and Alex Frank Larsen: "South African Weapons
Gang Behind Concealed Million in Shipowner's Dressing Gown"]

[Text] Secret agents helped Trigon break through the
iron curtain and the UN boycott.

It was a coup in broad daylight.

On Wednesday, 5 January, nine criminal police from the bunco squad drove up
before the white villa belonging to the Trigon Shipping Company at Vedbaek
Strandvei 421.

They came to arrest the leader of the shipping company and search the com-
pany and the private villa across the street.

Under violent protest the 61-year-old shipowner was escorted to a cell at
the Copenhagen Police Headquarters, while the remaining policemen dived
into the extensive account books.

Four hours later the detectives left the house, taking 12 cartons of papers
concerning the firm's arms shipments to South Africa.

Two years after having been buried in a ministerial drawer the Trigon case
was back on the police blotter again.

The great coup by the bunco police on that day was not in the 12 cartons.

It was not even in the long-prepared arrest, or the simultaneous search at
the home of his lawyer in Osterbro or at the home of his former companion

in the colony of overseas Danes under the Spanish sun at Malaga.

It was in the shipowner's dressing gown.
Here the police found a slip of paper which is one of the most important keys

to the understanding of the little Danish shipping company's role as shipper
to. South Africanmilitary might.

109



NIGER

BRIEFS

SAUDI GIFT--The minister of interior has the pleasure to inform the population
that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has made the following gift to our compatriots
expelled from Nigeria: 9,996 individual rations, 1,996 blankets, 998 five-
people tents, 998 rugs, 10,880 jellabas and 36 tons of medical drugs of various
kinds. On behalf of the affected population, the minister of interior ex-
presses his greatest gratitude to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [Text] [Niamey
LE SAHEL in French 18-20 Mar 83 p 1]. 5157

CSO: 3419/689

73



Thus, in the north of the country, aboye the equator, in Quesso, the dry

season keeps barges at the pier. Howeyer, there is no highway to the capital,
just a pathway subject to flooding; and it takes a week to make the 900-
kilometer trip. Consequently, a new airfield capable of receiving heayy air-
craft and a highway passing through the great rainforest are being built.

Two French companies are in charge of the projects, Colas and Ducler respective-
ly.

Electrification, water systems, constructing 150 village centers in order to
keep the young people in the country and rehabilitating national enterprises
which are in extremely poor condition after years of very poor management
from the time when experts from the East more or less controlled the country
are also part of the core. On the other hand, a project such as the construc—
tion of a paper pulp mill which would use wood. from eucalyptus trees whose
planting has been accelerated is not looked upon as an absolute priority.

Thus, industrial projects would be postponed, for Congolese leaders want to
develop the forest (60 percent of their 340,000 square kilometers), "our
true wealth" according to Mr Moussa, and are seeking to be selfsufficient in
food supplies. This therefore involves promoting agriculture, the "weak
link," through opening up the back country--due to a lack of adequate
transportation systems, Brazzavile is suffering a shortage of provisions--
and through the private sector, cooperatives and foreign aid.

It involves reevaluating food crops other than the "mother cassava" and
encouraging stock breeding. .It also involves remembering export income
crops, such as coffee and cocoa, which had been jeopardized during the 1970's.
Methods imported from the East, or even from Cuba, were not successful in the
Congo.

Coffee and. cocoa production fell from approximately 10,000 tons to around 2,000
tons each. The state farms--except the ones run by. the Chinese until their
departure--were on the road.to ruin. Public agencies could not have been more
poorly operated. Following this "ideological" agriculture, it.is other

foreign experts, most often French, who are helping to turn things around.

The story of the sugar cane plantation in Nkayi, a large yillage in the southern
Congo, is edifying in this regard.

The French Imprint

France knows the land the best, the Congolese recognize. "What can the Congo
get from the Soyiet Dnion?", explains a presidential adyiser. Indeed, the
only large hotel which existed in RBrazzayille for a long time and which was
built by the Seyiets closed its doors at the end.of January to be taken oyer
by a French chain.

So, the French haye returned in force. However, the Congolese leaders seem
anxious to lessen petroleum's influence on their economy and to diversify
their international relations.’ In particular, they are counting on an inflow
of capital--300 billion had been forecast in the plan--and in April 1982 they
revised the investment code.

24



QUESTION

28. Will the President be a dictator?

29. Why not?

30. How will Indians and Coloureds
become Ministers?

31. Will all these Ministers serve in his
Cabinet?

32. Will each Minister be in charge of a
portfolio?

33. Will the President and his Cabinet be
able to dictate to Indians and
Coloureds what their decisions should
be? _ —_

34, Why not?

35. Will the present Government force
Indians and Coloureds to accept the
proposals?

36. Why not?

37, What is happening now with regard to
the proposals?

38. Who are negotiating on behalf of the

Indian and Coloured communities?

91

ANSWER
28 No

29 He is elected for only five years; he
cannot make laws (that is the function of
Parliament); and he can be dismissed like
the American president

30 The President may appoint the members
of his Cabinet from all three population

groups.

31 Yes .
32 Yes : .

33 No

34 The Indian and Coloured Chambers will
decide for themselves without
interference from outside. The Indian
and Coloured members of Government
will also constitute separate Cabinet
Committees to decide on issues affecting
their own people.

35 No

36 The leaders of each population group will
decide independently whether or not to
accept the proposals.

37 The leaders of all population groups are
negotiating with the Government

38 The various political parties, including
the South African Indian Council, the
Labour Party, the National Peoples
Party as well as the Freedom Party.



The presence of Cuba is more spectacular than that of the USSR. In the spring
of 1965, Guevara started a nine-month African tour that was to take him to
Congo and Guinea, to the bush of Guinea-Bissau and Angola. Excluded from
Latin America which was viewed as the geopolitical glacis of the United
States, the Cuban regime was to realize its world ambitions in Africa. Its
African calling materialized with "Operation Carlotta" in 1975: in Angola,

the National Union for [the Total] Independence [of Angolal (UNITA) had~>
the support of South Africa and the [Angolan] National Liberation Front (FNLA)
that of Zaire; caught as in a pincer, the Popular Movement for [the] Libera~
tion Lof Angola] (MPLA) of Agostinho Neto called on Havana. The massive in-
tervention of Cuban forces--and the U.S. Congress decision to remain idle-~
ensured the success of the MPLA. In 1977, Cuba gained another military foot-
hold in Ethiopia, on the occasion of the Ogaden conflict, following Somalia's
about-turn. More troops settled in Mozambique, in Tanzania, in Congo, in
Sierra Leone. Today, Cuba is the leading foreign power on the black conti-
nent: one fourth of its army is in Africa. Is it acting as Moscow's "mer-
cenary"? It seems that the decision to intervene in Angola was made by the
Cubans themselves, while their participation in the Ogaden campaign would
have been inspired by the Soviet Union... Relations between Moscow and Havana
remain complex: Cuba is closely dependent on the USSR for its logistics; but
the very fact that it is present in Africa as a representative of the social-
ist bloc gives Castro's regime a certain margin of political autonomy with
respect to Moscow.

Considering that Africa has become one of the sites of East-West confronta-
tion, two responses are conceivable. Should we give priority to reducing
the danger of political destabilization? Africa's institutional fragility
and demographic vacuum will naturally attract external forces--extra-African
agreements will be multiplied, foreign interventions provoked, a treaty-mania
spiral.entered into. Should we privilege the danger of seeing the African
territory used by the great powers for planet-scale military purposes? De-
nuclearization, demilitarization, neutralization then appear to be solutions
that should be considered.! The Tlatelolco treaty experiment will be in-
voked, slogans like "Indian Ocean--zone of peace" will be considered for
Africa, a self-limitation of the great powers, a new "Guam doctrine" for
Africa dreamt up...

How can we prevent the political destabilization of the black continent? This
concern is present in the overall security policy defined by the Reagan Ad-
ministration: the defense of the United States is perceived to be tied to
the political and strategic evolution of many peripheral zones--Africa and
Latin America being identified as the sixth geographic sector where "vital"
U.S. interests are at stake. A similar inspiration--but in a western com—
munity, not in a unilateral U.S. context--is apparent in the report of
four western foreign policy institutes on "The Security of the West": the
report gives special attention to "peripheral" threats arising in the Third
World; a permanent structure of concertation is recommended. Nevertheless,
it is regrettable that certain southern European nations were left aside,
although some of them are more qualified to-deal with Third-World conflicts
than, for instance, the FRG or Japan. It has also been said that’ a com-
plementarity of policies--not a mechanistic complementarity of means--would



SEYCHELLES

SPPF HOLDS SEMINAR ON ROLE OF DISTRICT BRANCHES
Rene's Address
Victoria NATION in English 17 Mar 83 pp 1, 2

[Text] The need for unity’is both the cause and the overriding aim of the
current re-organisation at the base of the Seychelles People's Progressive
Front, party president Albert Rene told the Seminar on the Role and Respon-
sibilities of district Branches which opened at the Maison:du Peuple yester-
day afternoon.

Unity would have to reign at all levels of the party if the Seychellois nation
was to advance at a quicker pace, he told the 115 recently appointed branch
committee members from the country's 23 districts.

"In future we will have to have unity among district branches, among branch
committee members, among party members in general, in the relations between
the branches and the Central Executive Committee and the Secretary-General's
office, and so on," Mr. Rene stressed,

Flanked by the rest of the CEC members, the party leader explained that if
last year*s SPPF National Congress had seen it necessary to re-organise the
party at the district level to provide for CEC-appointed branch officials
rather than elected ones, it was because since the branches were formed in
1978, they had not been working as they should.

The party president then cited examples of branch committees, branch committee
officials, and SPPF members working in competition with, and even at cross
purposes to each other.

“If, since the beginning in 1978 we had unity among branch officials and mem-
bers in general, I believe we would have progressed much further than we have
up to now," Mr. Rene said.

Noting that the country had made a lot of progress all round since the 1977
liberation, he pointed out that if Seychelles had made substantial achievements
in the fields of education, health, housing and so on, it was despite the dis-
unity and the intra-party quarrelling and rumour mongering--without which the
achievements would have been even greater.

74



Rows in Britain over equally severe censorship. in the Falklands war led
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Terence Lewin to remark that the media ought to
be as intent on contributing to victory as the state, The defense spokes-
man said: Whatever the media might think their function to be, that of the
military was to protect lives and ensure victory.

What is emerging from the debate is that the freedom of the media is indivisible
from the freedom of either the individual or the state. . It cannot be pursued
independently even to the point of endangering those freedoms. Conveying in-
formation truthfully and upholding society's fundamental demands for stable
order and'a democratic resolution of differences are the imperatives that de-
fine the boundaries of media freedom. .

cso; 3400/1134

80



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

CONTINENTAL SECURITY DISCUSSED
Paris POLITIQUE INTERNATIONALE Winter 82-83 pp 39-48
[Article by Charles Zorgbibe: "Which Security For Africa?"]

[text] [The author is] dean of the Paris-South Faculty
of Law, president of the Atlantic Council for Strategic
Studies. Most recent work: "Les alliances dans le sys—
téme mondial" [Alliances in the World System] (in the
press at PUF [French University Press]).

This paper takes up the main lines of a report presented
at the Symposium of the General Secretariat for National
Defense.

Three pictures in the African kaleidoscope.

The first one is surprisingly traditional: a diplomatic game which is taking
place not on a continental scale, but within the various African subregions,
an egalitarian and divided game which brings us back to the European balance-
of-power-diplomacy of the 18th and 19th centuries, with its ballet of al-
liances and counter-alliances. In East Africa, Tanzanian and Uganda (until
Amin Dada's takeover) formed a coalition against Kenya's economic prepon-
derance, then Tanzania drew closer to Zambia to make up for Uganda's defec-
tion; in North Africa, the alliance between Libya and Tunisia was concluded
at the expense of Egypt and Algeria and then gave way to a Libyan-Algerian
alliance against Morocco. "Each regional African subsystem forms a little
19th-century Europe or Latin America," according to Boutros Boutros-Ghali.

The second image is futuristic: to fulfill Africa's ambition to maintain
order on the continent and to participate in maintaining order in the world,
many African experts of the new generation advocate nonalignment supported
by nuclear weapons. To the concept of a denuclearized Africa, they want to
substitute that of a nuclear consortium consisting of Nigeria, Zaire and

a South Africa that would be ruled by its black majority. The road to mili-
tary equality would go through the proliferation of nuclear weapons in the
Third World. Access to nuclear weapons would be a sort of initiation rite:
for netions reaching adult age.



MOTLANA HITS OUT AT FREE MARKET SYSTEM

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 30 Mar 83 p 1

[Text]

cso:

[SOUTH AFRICA’s
‘free market system was
a fraud because it dis-
‘criminated against
jblacks, Dr Nthato Mot-
Miana, chairman of the
* Committee of Ten, said

pweek.

«He was addressing
Sabout 800 people. at
ithe launching of a
eblack. company, Get

dd Limited, at the
ton Hotel on Mon-
&day night. He is one of
Pthe -directors of the.
(mew company.

_,. DrMotlana said talk,
that this country ad-
ghered to the free enter-
iprise system was a

3400/1116

hui

“Blacks are not al-
lowed to trade in
places like thé Johan-
nesburg Central Busi-
ness District while
other races operate
businesses freely in the
townships,” he added.

Although the coun-
try’s frée enterprise
‘system was a “fraud”,
he said, this did not
mean “we should sit

back and fold. our ~

arms”. He viewed the
company as a new
vehicle that would
fight for a better deal
for black enterpre-
neurs in the market
system.

108

“Time has come for
blacks to uplift them-
selves and improve
their status. We

to-gét the little cake
from the economy of
the country for our
own people,” he

“added,

A director’ of the
company, Mr Colin
Hall, said his company
would create new op-
portunities for blacks
to enter more..freely
into the mainstream of
business.in this coun-
try. He said the com-
pany, if possible,
would also contribute
to ‘the education of
black children.

SOUTH AFRICA



SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

SHARK NETTING TRIALS--An attempt to net sharks at night off Mahe's coast was

a big success on Tuesday night when 830 kilos of fish were caught by the
Fideco research Boat Schyllarus. Until now no serious attempt had been made
to fish specifically for sharks and if Fideco's research here is successful
the technique may be introduced to local fishermen. This was a second attempt
by Scyllarus, the larger of Fideco's two research boats, after the first try
with a different net was affected by had weather. The skipper of the 10-metre
long Scyllarus Maxwell Agathine, said that the shark catch, the biggest ever
brought in from one trip by any local vessel, was made some 17 metres off the
coast in 25 metres of water north-west of Cap Ternay and in 20 metres south-
west of Conception island, some four kilometres away. A 100-metre by 15-
metre net was laid on the sea bed at each ponit at between 5 and 6 p.m. and
hauled in 10 hours later by the five-man crew. The largest of the 58 sharks
caught, a pointed nose, weighed 58 kilos and 2.3 metres long. Fideco research
director Ghislaine Lablache said that some of the sharks would be exported on
trial and some would be salted for the local market. The shark-netting trials
will continue around Mahe’s coast before moving to Praslin and the Amirantes
group. [Text] [Victoria NATION in English 17 Mar 83 pp 1, 2]

CSO: 3400/1137

78



"We will not directly use any area of the De Hoop reserve," Commandant Marais
said. "The area designated along the beach has simply been earmarked as a
temporary safety zone.

"This Armscor project will, however, mean a huge economic injection for the
area, because large amounts of building, road and electrical installation
and maintenance will be needed to get the project off the ground, and the
large pool of local labour will be used for this."

He anticipated that the project would take up to five years.

"The anxiety of conservationists, landowners and the public at large about this
project is understandable, but that anxiety would not exist if people had all
the facts. Premature news of the project has created a situation without all
the facts at hand, and we hope this Press conference will go some way towards
clearing up any misunderstanding," he said.

The Minister of Defence, General Magnus Malan, faced more questions from Op-
position defence and environment spokesmen in the Assembly.

He told Mr Philip Myburgh (PFP, Wynberg) that. landowners and other people
living on the land affected would be required to move once the land had been
acquired by his department. State-owned land was also involved.

Compensation would be paid to all landowners.

cso: -3400/1136

104



SOUTH AFRICA

GENERAL QUESTIONS ON CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM PROPOSALS ANSWERED

Pretoria PHOENIX in English Feb 83 pp 2-3

Text
[text] QUESTION ANSWER
1, Can Indians and Coloureds vote in a 1 No
parliamentary election at present? ,
2. Can Indians and Coloureds take 2 No
decisions on their own residential
areas, education and welfare?
3. Can an Indian or Coloured become a 3 No
member of Parliament at present?
4. Can an Indian or Coloured become a 4 No
Cabinet Minister at present?
5. Has the Government made proposals 5 Yes
to improve the political rights of
Indians and Coloureds.
6. Do the proposals oifer Indians and 6 Yes
Coloureds political rights?
7. Will Indians and Coloureds be able to 7 Yes
vote in parliamentary elections?
8. Will an Indian or Coloured be able to 8 Yes
be elected to Parliament?
9. Will an Indian or Coloured be able to 9 Yes
become a Cabinet Minister?
10, Will Indians and Coloureds be ableto 10 Yes
take decisions regarding their own
residential areas, education and
welfare?
11. Will Indians and Coloureds be able to 11 Yes
. participate in the government of the
country?
12. How will Indians and Coloureds be 12. There will be a Chamber each for Indians
accommodated in Parliament? and Coloureds in Parliament.
13. Will Whites also have a Chamber? _—‘13 Yes
14, Why is it proposed that Parliament 14 In a Parliament with one Chamber the

should have three Chambers instead
of one?

majority group takes all. This means that
only the Whites will constitute the
government, and that Indians and
Coloureds will not be able to become
Ministers or to take part in the
government in any other way.



[Question] Given the prospect. of possible general elections, what is one to
think of that front which you yourself, the former prime minister, Sir Seewoo-
sagur Ramgoolam, and Sir Satcam Boolell seem to now demand?

[Answer] I am simply‘thinking of a "front' in order to preserve democracy,
possibly for elections, but not necessarily. Next, in order to preserve the
image abroad of a foreign policy different from that of the regime. If it
is necessary or if we are caught short, we ‘shall be forced to go into the
elections together, but first, there:would have to be a change in structures
in all parties, so as to have something more serious than what one now sees.

[Question] In retrospect, you still do not regret not having made an alliance
with Sir Seewoosagur in June?

[Answer] Absolutely not!
[Question] Do you now see Boolell as a recourse?

[Answer] I have looked at all potential leaders of the opposition forces and
I have come to the conclusion that the choice can only be Boolell, proposed
by Ramgoolam, rejoining the Labor Party in order to become its leader with the
consent of Ramgoolam.

[Question] What would Ramgoolam's political role be?

[Answer] His role must now be to appoint his own successor and to propose

his name to the country. He must avoid any split. Let Ramgoolam choose Boolell
and present him and impose him as the leader of all opposition forces. I would
then be at his side. It is still possible to rally all this country's people
who no longer harbor illusions. Let us remember that the MMM has been nothing
more than a gathering of all the country's disillusioned persons. Boolell and
I each have a role to play in the post-MMM period. Boolell is the communal
choice, just as I am the economic choice, for what is the MMM now doing other
than to apply all my economic ideas, those for which I fought for years? The
MMM now sees that I was right. The only policy to follow in the economic

field is mine: playing the private investment card no matter what the price.

What other choice is there? Boodhoo nearly failed; David and his Labor Party
represent strictly nothing. Only Ramgoolam, Boolell and I still count. I

got . 30-33 percent in several districts of the. country, even if I was not
elected. I believe that now, 80 percent of the people no longer know where
they are at, what has to be done. Everything now becomes possible again. But
nothing has yet been done. We are in an extremely unstable period. Will the
fights between Jugnauth and Berenger continue? Will the PSM stay in the govern-
ment? It is very difficult to know where we are headed, but we must be ready.
I am convinced that many Mauritians still have confidence in me and now see
that I was right when I said that a policy of private investment had to be fol-
lowed. I think that many.Mauritians now hope, after seeing all that they

have seen, that in another government, I would take control of foreign affairs
and diplomacy in order to put together a coherent diplomacy that would produce
results.

57



this government, after being elected on a well-defined, very precise, well-
documented program, backed by assurances all of whose elements were known,

to come and say now: "None of that was true. We not have to apply a policy
contrary to what we promised. We just tricked you to get your votes"?

Does that government not become illegitimate? That is what Jugnauth seems

to think when he says: "Nou fine embete le peuple!" [We are through tricking
the people.]

Now, from a practical standpoint, how long can a government following ‘such a
policy play on its credibility by imposing its policy of austerity before
the extreme left begins to rage, saying: "That is not possible. We did not
vote for that. Get out!’ Turn over the reins of power."

[Question] Is it not ironic that you, who fought the MMM for years because
it wanted to go too far and too fast, should now reproach that same MMM for
being too. timid?

[Answer] I only see a contradiction. I do not complain about its slowness.
I am surprised that it should go off in another direction. Look at the problem
of Diego Garcia. The constitution guarantees freedom of movement inside and
outside the country. The government cannot prevent Mauritians from going to
work on Diego if they want to. In addition, Indians are now being recruited
to go work on Diego Garcia and Mrs Gandhi can do nothing about it. Even 4f
she wanted to (and there is nothing to indicate that she wants to), she could
do nothing about it. So what does our government do? It forbids people from
going to work on Diego. The situation now grows more complicated, let it be
said in passing, by the will of the Americans to obtain a political gesture
from the current government. They want to get the MMM government in on it
for very precise reasons and because they were very offended that one should .

refuse to supply them. The government should then have said: "We are a free
country. Buy what you want from whomever you wish, but don't get us mixed up
in it." Instead, they were put out; there was a refusal to trade. The Ameri-

cans now want the government to make a political gesture by allowing Mauritians
to go to Diego with its complete agreement. Where are those governmental
policies leading us? :

Regarding Diego, the government should do what we are doing about South Africa:
shut its eyes! If I sall all of that, I would say: "We are moving slowly,

but we are going in the right direction." But. today, they are in confusion.
The government must therefore be made to face its responsibilities. There is
no more ideological cohesiveness in the government. Why welcome the South
Africans, who should, according to the MMM logic, be enemy No 1, and not wel-
come the Americans? Is it because this government is the prisoner of certain
commitments to the Soviets? Is there pressure from its Soviet friends concern-
ing Diego? I know that the Americans no longer understand anything. How can
the government be liberal on South Africa and less liberal on the United
States?

All that must be denounced and I do it. Then there are all Jugnauth's state-

ments made overseas, which made me think of Ramgoolam in the early 1960's.
I see Ramgoolam in Jugnauth. There was a time when Ramgoolam also made big

53



ANGOLA

COURSE STRESSES POLITICAL WORK IN DEFENSE FORCES
MB061204 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 6 Apr 83

[Text] Lt Col (Francisco Magalhaes Paiva Mvunda), the chief of the National
Political Directorate of the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of
Angola, stressed the ever growing importance of political work within the
defense and security forces as a powerful means of achieving victory over
the enemies of our revolution. Speaking in Luanda at the closing. session
of the sixth course of political workers for defense and security, which
was held at the Commander (Jika) Political and Military School, Lt Col
(Mvunda) pointed out the hard tasks faced by the political workers in the
formation of the new man in the new army. War is a science, and for that
reason we must study more and study it better, Lt Col (Mvunda) said.

During the course, which was attended by 157 students, 131 of whom ob-
tained good results, 28 second lieutenants, 40 lieutenants, and 14 cadet

officers received their commissions. They were given background on various
military subjects.

CSO: -3442/180

14



IVORY COAST

COMMENTARY ON ‘ESTABLISHMENT OF RELATIONS WITH PRC
Abidjan FRATERNITE MATIN in French 3 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] The Ivory Coast and People's China are establishing diplomatic rela-
tions: this news, communicated simultaneously in Abidjan and Beijing, must
have surprised more than one Ivorian, for it was completely unforeseen.

Thus, following the great nations, like the United States and France, the
Ivory Coast is going to exchange ambassadors with the People's Republic of
China. Does this mean a change of direction in the international policy of
our country? The chief of state gave the answer in 1965: "We will not re-
fuse to establish diplomatic relations with countries...which commit them-
selves to not taking advantage of diplomatic relations in order to interfere
in our internal affairs, [and] who will commit themselves to respecting our
institutions and which do not favor or encourage subversive intrigues in our
country."

It must be repeated ad infinitum that the Ivorians remain attached to free
enterprise, to openness with regard to their foreign relations, to coopera-
tion with other states, and to peace, of which they have made a religion. It
is these ideas which have always characterized our foreign policy, and which
bespeak, better than long speeches, the desire of the Ivory Coast to work with
any state which shares with them, and which reaffirm its toleration of regimes
different from itself and its respect for all beliefs. It is a fact that our
country has relations both with so-called free Western countries and those of
Communist Europe, except for the USSR, where the desire to export its revolu-
tion whatever the cost is well known. This is not the case with People's
China which, in the joint Ivorian-Chinese communique published yesterday, rec-
ognize "the principles of equality, of non-aggression...of non-interference,
of mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, and political and
economic options."

One must dwell a moment on these terms of the communique. They indicate the
decision of the two countries to observe a certain neutrality in the policy
pursued by them, and to do nothing which might support any action which could
destabilize them. On these reassuring bases, which everything indicates will
be respected, Ivorian-Chinese cooperation can only develop. Each of the two
countries has everything to gain from it.

44



ITC has been in business since Liberia set up its flag of convenience in 1948.
Its present contract runs until June 1987. ITC's head is Fred Lininger,
Liberia's Deputy Commissioner of Maritime Affairs. Documents filed with the
US Securities and Exchange Commission reveal that 80% of ITC is owned by the
Washington-based International Bank (IB), a private industrial and insurance
company. IB has a low profile, even in the US; its assets are now worth
$2.5bn.

The largest IB shareholder is George Olmsted, a retired Major-General who
served with the US forces in the 1950s. Olmsted and his family trust have a
40% stake in IB. The other important shareholder, with 22%, is Life Investors
Inc.

The marketing of the Liberian flag has been a huge money-spinner for IB. In
1981 alone, income from ship registration brought in $4,460,000 for the com-
pany. The Liberian government collects a 73% share of the fees, providing
about $15m a year. For many years this income represented a significant part
of the government's revenue. But with the rise in expenditure, $420m in the
current financial year, ship registration income is become less important.

The identity of the shipping companies which register their vessels in Monrov-
ia is usually hidden behind innumerable office brass-plates. Frequently,
these 'one-ship companies’ are used to disguise the real owner of the fleet.

US shipping consultants, Appledore, have just completed a survey which reveals
the nationality of Liberian-registered vessels. Out of the Liberian fleet of
2,137 ships totalling 140m tons, the US is still the leading owner, with 50m
tons. Hong Kong comes next (31m tons), followed by Greece (16m tons) and
Japan (1lm tons). The Appledore survey also shows that the most important
classes of Liberia-registered vessels are oil tankers (87m tons) and bulk and
combined carriers (43m tons). This enormous fleet dwarts the entire African
fleet which (excluding Liberia) totals 1.6m tons, nearly half of which is ac~
counted for by Nigeria and Ghana.

The vast majority of Liberia's registered shipowners are respectable opera-
tors. UNCTAD has nevertheless criticized the use of brass-plate companies on
the grounds that shipowners can indulge in what is delicately described as
"repeated risk-taking or misconduct’.

The most notorious example of this misuse of the Liberian flag is the Salem
story. Four years ago, the supertanker was scuttled off the Senegalese coast
after illicitly delivering a cargo of Arab oil to South Africa. The $56m
theft made the Salem the biggest fraud in maritime history. Liberia's
reputation as a ship registration centre has not yet recovered.

The Liberian maritime authorities pressed for a thorought investigation. A
report by the government, which was never released, concluded that Captain
Georgoulis and Chief Engineer Kalomiropoulos should be charged for the wilful
and deliberate sinking of the Salem. It added that those responsible must be
prosecuted and punished to the maximum extent of the law.

48



Mr. Rene urged the party officials to get on with their work in the political,
social, economic and cultural arenas and to have confidence in their security
forces.

Two subjects that preoccupied the seminar over the past two days were the high
expenses for sports equipment which all branches face, and the creation of a
national-youth movement.

Many representatives expressed the view that branches should not spoonfeed
their sportsmen but rather should encourage them to contribute towards the
cost of equipment and to take active part in all branch fund raising activ-
ities.

Youth League

Concerning a national youth movement, after a long debate spread over the two
days, a proposition was adopted to create an SPPF Youth League, which like
the parent body itself, would be an avant garde organisation.

The League would take in motivated and disciplined youth who would set an
example to others. It was proposed that they be divided into three groups:
Young Pioneers (for children from Primary One to Primary Six classes) Pioneers
(from Primary Seven to Primary nine) Young Militants grouping dedicated youth
inside or outside the NYS up to the age of 21.

Young Militants would also become full members of the Front on reaching the
age of 16. Their main role would be to lead, educate and motivate the other
youth of their districts.

On reaching 21, despite leaving the Youth League, the. militants would continue
as members of the Front.

The role of the Branch chairman was also fully debated and explained on Thurs-
day, particularly their responsibility towards the way branch funds are spent,
and how to maintain party discipline. It was agreed that from now on every
branch would draw up a yearly budget of revenue and expenditure and endeavour
to keep their spending within the budget.

cso: 3400/1137

77



The government was asked to increase the export incentive package because, a
participant argued, the one offered in 1981 was too low.

The ITC-UNCTAD-GATT project Coordinator in Tanzania, Mr. Narinder Bharadwaj,
advised the market researchers to do their homework thoroughly by contacting
appropriate authorities in order to sort out their problems before embarking
on survey missions abroad.

He expressed hope the knowledge acquired by the participants will be used in
their day-to-day functions and pledged ITC's assistance to Tanzania exporters
in their efforts to promote their exports.

Participants were drawn from Tanzania Tea Blenders, Tanzania Shoe Company, the
State Mining Corporation, Tegry Plastics, Saruji Corporation, J.V. Group,
Tanzania Cigarette Company, Tanzania Cotton Authority and General Agricultural
Products Export Corporation.

Others came from the Institute of Development Management (IDM) Mzumbe,
Tanzania Carpets Company, Tanzania Bureau of Standards, Ministry of Trade,
BET, Metal Products [words illegible]

cso: 3400/1112

139



TANZANIA

NASACO OFFICIAL SAYS REVENUES INCREASE ANNUALLY, PROFITS DECLINE
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Mar 83 p 3

[Text] The National Shipping Agencies Company (NASACO) collected a revenue
of 70m/- in 1981/82 compared to 61m/- earned in the previous year.

An official of the company said in Dar es Salaam yesterday the revenue was a
marked improvement of 62 per cent since the period of 1976/77 when only 43m/-
was netted.

The official said NASACO has been collecting more revenue annually. In
1977/78, it generated 46m/-. It stood at 54m/- in 1979/80.

The official said while revenue increased, profits declined for instance, he
said, in 1976/77 the profit was 27m/- but fell to 22m/- in 1980/81

The lower profit margin, he said, could be attributed to the frequent price
rises for spare parts, tyres and overall drop in imports due to the country's
adverse economic situation.

The official explained that operational and administrative costs had increased.
He said in 1976/77 the expenditure was 17m/-, rising to 20m/- in 1977/78, and
27m/- in 1978/79.

Expenditure in subsequent years was 30m/- (1979/80); 38m/- (1980/81) and
43m/— (1981/82), he added.

The official said the company had effected some measures to reduce costs, in-
cluding the withdrawal of overtime payments which were in excess of salary
scales.

cso: 3400/1121

132



ANGOLA

UNITA WARNS FOREIGNERS OF DANGER, STEPS UP CAMPAIGN
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 17 Feb 83 pp 24-25

[Text] UNITA, the opposition movement to the MPLA government in Angola, has
recently distributed a communique explaining for the general public its position
on foreigners' entering war zones, i.e., the provinces of Kunene, Huila,
Kuando-Kubango, Mocamedes, Benguela, Huambo, Bie, Moxico, Lunda, Malanje,
Kuanza-Sul, Kuanza-Norte and Uige, areas where Jonas Savimbi's movement guar-
antees freedom of worship and religion and the right of religious personnel,

as well as persons from any humanitarian institutions, to move freely.

Savimbi Warns: It is Useless to Negotiate on UNITA

According to UNITA, these guarantees are no longer valid when religious workers
or personnel from humanitarian organizations are in areas occupied by the
Organization for People's Defense or by members of FAPLA [People's Armed Forces
for the Liberation of Angola] (the militant wing of the MPLA) or by Cubans, or
if they travel in military vehicles or are escorted by the military.

However, UNITA guarantees contacts through its regional command posts to
prevent private automobiles from being attacked when they are carrying
civilians.

According to the communique, the movement headed by Jonas Savimbi is going to
be intensifying its political and military campaign against the Cuban and
Soviet presence in Angola in the next few months. "UNITA has the organization,
strength and means to carry out its campaign. Whoever is interested in solving
southern Africa's problems, and especially in the withdrawal of the Cubans

and the independence of Namibia, should espouse UNITA's cause, because without
its assistance, no real cease-fire along the border between Namibia and Angola
is possible. It is useless to negotiate with UNITA," the communique warned.

The paper goes on to confirm the party's position in favor of peace in Angola,
the independence of Namibia and stability in southern Africa, which are dependent
on the total and unconditional withdrawal of Cuban forces, estimated at about
40,000 men, and their replacement by other foreign troops. It also advocates
the formation of a National Unity Government representing the heartfelt aspi-
rations of the Angolan people, the reconciliation of the entire Angolan family
whether within or outside the country, and finally, establishing relations of
friendship and cooperation with all of Angola's neighbors, so as to find a just
solution tothe problem of the former Southwest Africa.



Those who failed to do so should be punished accordingly, the minister said,
adding that delayed corrective measures were detrimental.

Prof. Malima said implementors of development plans must lay out appropriate
strategies to ensure smooth and co-ordinated implementation of objectives.

He said under the long-term development strategy, emphasis would be put on co-
ordinated plans as opposed to isolated project plans.

The minister said development plans supporting the country's policy of self-
reliance should be given priority. He pointed out that in some cases projects
were launched indiscriminately as long as foreign donors were ready to fund
them.

He explained that foreign aid would continue to have a role in national de-
velopment stressing that this must be channelled to programmes which aim at
enhancing self-reliance.

csO; 3400/1121

134



[Question] And at that rate, where do you think we were headed? Do you see
a recovery on the horizon? Is the local effort adequate? :

[Answer] One must not despair. I believe that the tourist industry will
recover or at least will not decline. We have avoided the worst. As far as
industry is concerned, on the other hand, I am very afraid that the situation
will scarcely improve. On the contrary, I have léarned that between now and
March, there will be 1,100 layoffs in the free zone. I do not see any foreign
investments either. Why? | Because the facts have changed. It is now not so
much the low cost of labor that attracts investors as it is the marketing
prospects. Products must have a market and the international market is ¢con-
tracting. With the foreign policy it is now following, Mauritius is not
getting the best grades overseas in order to be admitted into the circle of
privileged parties on Western markets.

Let us look at the facts: Mauritius can only live and sell if it makes politi-
cal concessions. By itself, Mauritius can do nothing. If we are put on the
same footing as foreign producers in Africa or Asia, we would not sell anything’
and the economy would collapse. Only Western political protection would

enable us to sell on the European market. I have always told the country:
Mauritius is in a.way forced to be the West's favorite in order to be able to
obtain certain privileges. Whence the absolute need for Mauritius to recon-
cile its economic interests with its diplomacy. The diplomacy now followed

by Jugnauth and De 1'Estrac runs counter-to the economic policy followed by
Berenger. Vested interests rule in foreign policy. In 15 years, I have never
asked Mauritius to prostitute itself. I have only asked it to keep silent at
times when it was not necessary to speak. .

[Question] You recently said on the MBC [Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation]
that the current government was applying the policies dictated by the IMF and
not those it promised. Is there an alternative to the IMF?

[Answer] There is an alternative within the requirements of the IMF insofar
as the IMF can modify the conditions of its aid under pressure from the Ameri-
cans or the West. We shall not delude them: The IMF is also interested in
our foreign policy. And what do you think they say in the IMF when they see
our foreign policy? One has to play one's cards well in this matter, make

the rounds of the manufacturers, go to Washington to see this person and that,
obtain their aid, then go say to the IMF: "Listen, we are making an effort and
the West is willing to’help us. But give us a little time; do not cause a
social explosion by your measures!" Furthermore, that is what Ringadoo: always
pleaded: "We need time." Perhaps the IMF would accept. For the time being,
the IMF has no gifts to give Rerenger. The IMF did have some for Ringadoo but
it will give none. to the MMM.

Since austerity was inevitable, one has to pose the question of the legitimacy
of this government. What does this government represent? The other day, I
told Aneerood Jugnauth: "Listen, there cannot be three opposition leaders in
this country. Either you or I or Berenger must be the leader of the opposi-
tion. Let us decide once and for all. I demand my right to speak on behalf
of the opposition." What Jugnauth says, I say also: Is it legitimate for

52



SEYCHELLES

SPPF Holds Seminar on Role of District Branches
(NATION, 17, 18 Mar 83).....cccececcccceveeneees see eeeceeeee

Rene's Address
Warning on Rumors

Briefs
Shark Netting Trials

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg Comments on Media Distorticn, Freedom
(Johannesburg International Service, 7 Apr 83)...

Further Details on 1983-84 Budget Given
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 31 Mar 83)..

Who Gets What
Defense Gets 15.9% More
"Area Defense’ To Cost R1,000m

Law, Order Officer Defends Legrange
(SUNDAY TIMES, 20 Mar 83)...cccceececeeccc cence eccsceceece

Reactions to Horwood's Budget Reported
(RAND DAILY MATL, 31 Mar 83) .....ccecececcccecececcceceees

Budget Criticized bY Opposition, by John Battersby
Consumer Council Defends Budget
Conservative, Say Bankers

It's No Good To Us; Says Gatsha

General Questions on Constitutional Reform Proposals Answered
(PHOENIX, Feb 83) ..ccccccccccccccccccccccsencnscsescsesece

Administered Price Increases Seen Causing Inflation
(Amit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES-BUSINESS TIMES, 27 Mar 83).....

New Alliance Between English, Afrikaners Discussed
(Stanley Uys; SUNDAY TIMES, 27 Mar 83):......cceceeescesees

Concern About Underutilization of Walvis Harbor Voiced
(NAMIB TIMES, 22 Mar 83)..ccsesccssccsccccecccesccecsenece

Missile Range Site Will Stay, Says Armscor
(John Fensham; THE STAR, 29 Mar 83)........ eee e eee een eee

Armscor Range Plan Draws Loud Protests
(THE STAR, 26 Mar 83). .cccccccccccccccccccscscsececcsseces

SACOS Adopts New Strategy
(Mono Badela; THE CITIZEN, 30 Mar 83).........44.

-d-

79

81

84

85

89

93

95

100

103

105

107



SWAPO could now be expected to step up its propaganda campaign and attempt
acts of sabotage to restore its tarnished image in preparation for a United
Nations-sponsored conference on SWA/Namibia to be held in Paris from

25 April.

The SWATF said SWAPO terrorists had already killed a civilian in central
Ovambo at the weekend and bayonetted to death a schoolteacher in western

Kavango.
Inhabitants were asked not to relax their vigilance.

The total number of civilians killed by SWAPO on its present incursion was
27, of whom six had died in landmine blasts, the SWATF said.

cso: 3400/1159

69



and the next 2 years. This two-year system, Mr Moussa stresses, injects "a

certain amount.of flexibility into the planning." .Furthermore, the Congo is
coiinting on the oil companies, in this casé Elf Aquitaine and its Italian
partner AGIP /National Italian Qil Company/, to demonstrate some flexibility
in the area of taxes. “Companies are tempted to slow down research and
development, but the governments do not want to lose on all fronts,"
comments the minister of plan.

As for the heads of the petroleum companies, particularly Mr Martel, president
of Elf Congo (the Congolese government holds 25 percent of the stock), they
stress that taxes must be adjusted to actual petroleum prices--they are
currently based on $ 31-per barrel--in order. to permit investinent, which will
reach 375 billion CFA francs* between 1969 and 1983. In particular, the Elf
company is studying a steam injection. technique to make the oil, which is
sometimes heavy and thick, flow better. However, only a price of $ 40 per
barrel would guarantee the profitability of what would be a world first,
maintain the petroleum producers.

Whatever the results of the serious negotiations that are currently taking
place, sometimes at the very top--Mr Sassou-Nguesso meets with Mr Chalandon on
a very regular basis--the fact remains that, as its leaders flatly recognize,
the Congo is going to have to make some cuts. Choosing the sacrifices to be
made will be at the heart of the important meeting of the Party'c Central
Committee to be held in Brazzaville.

Opening Up the Back Country

This downward revision has its risks, considering the glorification of the
plan--"the present struggle which leads to happiness for the people," stresses
a poster with yellow letters on a Russian red background. The reservations of
certain party members with regard ‘to an overdependence on petroleum and opening
up too much to capitalism must also be taken into consideration. Over a period
of about 15 years, many of them were educated in Moscow, of which they

perhaps retain some memories.

In any case, the Congolese leaders intend to preserye the "hard core" of the
plan, or 700 billion CFA francs out of a total of 1,100 billion for the 5 years.
Of course, they realize that they were very ambitious in making infrastructures
a priority at the expense of directly productive inyestments. Howeyer, to them
it is essential to open up the back.country-~from which. most of the current
leaders haye come--in order to enable deyelopment of the northern regions and
to slow down the tremendous rural exodus. At present the two major routes are
the Congo-Ocean railroad which links Brazzayille to Pointe-Noire oyer a distance
of 515 kilometers but whose rails are bending under the weight of freight cars
loaded with Congolese wood and especially Gabonese manganese, and the waterway,
which is slow and dependent on the weather.

* 1 CFA franc = 0.02 French francs

23



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

NEW COASTAL TRADE SHIPS--The ships Lugela and Inharrime changed flags in
Bilbao, Spain, this morning. The ships were bought from Spain last year and
cost about 76,000 contos. The Navic Coastal Trade Fleet, which had 12
ships, now has 14 ships. The ceremony to change the flags was attended by
Jorge Coelho, director-general of the Mozambique Shipping Lines, Navic.

The Inharrime and the Lugela will leave Spain for Mozambique next week and
are expected to arrive in Maputo within a month. [Text] [MB100511 Maputo
Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 9 Apr 83]

CSO: 3442/179

67



As stressed at the seminar, the leaders besides setting good examples to
others must also ascertain that they are not among elements that are prone to
wavering, confused, compromised or apologetic about socialist construction.

It means being fair and firm to all workers under them. Those who are not
diligent or lack discipline, must be dealt with immediately. Penal measures
must be instituted against failure to fulfil the goals we have set for our
society.

Production must remain our primary goal for the improvement of the current
poor economic position with the entire society mobilising available energy and
resources towards sustained national development effort.

The Party has taken the initiative in fostering participation of leaders, and
peasants and workers in the entire development process and the Party's instru-

ments of implementation--government and parastatals--will be depended upon to
produce the results we want for our society.

cso: 3400/1112

143



Turning to commerce, the outgoing president.of the chamber of commerce and
industry satd that the c.i.f. yalue of imports went up only slightly (from
4.977. billion rupees to 5.05 billion rupees). as a result of restrictions and
seyere restraint on demand. In reality, the yolume of. imports declined by

9 percent. Examples: containerized merchandise was down by 13,380 tons

(9.1 percent), oil products were down by 3,070 tons (3.7) percent. and cement
was down by 15,900 tons (6.5 percent). There were also important. changes in
the composition of our imports. Transport machinery and equipment accounted
for 10 (and not 15) percent of all imports. The c.i.f. value of those imports
went from 737 million rupees down to 500 million rupees. "This clearly
indicates the general fall in investment," Mr Arouff concluded. Manufacturing
inputs and food commodities accounted respectively for 30.3 percent and 25.2
percent of imports, increasing by 2 and 1 percent, respectively. Oil products
accounted for 18 percent of imports.. Freight and insurance costs amounted to
760 million rupees, or 15 percent of the c.i.f. value of the imports.

With regard to exports, there was a 21.4 percent increase, with f.o.b. value
rising from 3.278 billion rupees to 3.980 billion.rupees.. The volume of
imports went up 14 percent. Exports from the free zone and sugar respectively
accounted for 31.2 and 61.9 percent of the total value of exports. The trade
deficit was on the order of 1.07 billion rupees, which is an improvement over
the record deficit of 1.7 billion rupees recorded in 1981. The deficit is
equal to.10.5 percent of GDP. It was: more than 15 percent over the course of
the last five years, reaching a peak of 20 percent in 1981. It is thus
estimated that the balance of payments deficit for 1982 will be less than

500 million.rupees. Foreign currency reserves were up to 580 million rupees
in December 1982, compared to 271 million rupees in December 1981.

Reviewing the situation in the manufacturing sector, Mr-Arouff said that this
sector's share of GDP in 1982 was 16.5 percent, compared to 15.5 percent in
1981. According to estimates made in September, the number of jobs in large
enterprises declined from 37,159 in 1981 to 36,900 in 1982. There were 121
applications for manufacturing permits, 26 were approved, and 10 enterprises
began operations. "As in-1981, low investments and lack of buoyancy in the
local market were mainly: responsible for the stagnation in the manufacturing
sector. The low investment situation was partly due to incertainty in an
election year and to scarce cash resources, the bulk of the available cash
being mobilized. by. the state," said the outgoing president.

With regard'to the free zone, 31.of. the. 55 applications received were
approyed. Nineteen.new.enterprises, including 12 in the field of textiles,
were established, proyiding 1,400 jobs. Nine enterprises shut down, laying
off 1,425 workers. The number of jobs in the free zone in December 1982 was
estimated at 23,400, compared to 23,600.in 1981. Exports fromthe free zone
brought in 1.24 billion rupees, an increase of 153 million rupees.

In the agricultural sector (18 percent of GDP), there was a record sugar cane

harvest of 6,581,862 tons. Nevertheless, extractable sugar content was poor,
because of adverse weather conditions. The rate of extraction (10.45 percent)

60



Paulo Jorge: Since the bilateral talks began we have constantly concentrated
on two questions:

--The search for ways and means of solving the Namibian problem in that the
United States is a member of the contact group and Angola and the frontline
countries are suffering the consequences of the conflict directly.

--The possibility of a normalization of bilateral relations between the
United States and the People's Republic of Angola.

This is what has been discussed at every meeting since early 1982.

There are still no tangible results owing to the U.S. obsession and
obstinacy, both in relation to the contact group within which it is trying
to introduce "linkage" at all costs, and with regard to the normalization
of bilateral relations, which it is also making dependent on the question of
the Cuban forces in Angola.

"Linkage" is ridiculous and, consequently unacceptable because in the final
analysis it is crude interference in our internal affairs.

It is also unacceptable for preconditions to be posed for the normalization
of bilateral relations. The establishment of diplomatic relations between
the People's Republic of Angola and any country in the world must be based
on the universal principles which govern international relations.

[Question] The racist Pretoria regime is trying to make people believe that
the ANC can no longer carry out actions from inside the country. What is
the political and military situation in South Africa?

Oliver Tambo: First, this allegation is the sign of an aggression being
prepared. Indeed, the racists are preparing the ground for an attack on the
neighboring countries accused of serving as bases for the ANC and intended
to facilitate attacks from abroad. They are obviously not right when they
say that the ANC is incapable of waging the struggle within the country.

If that were the case Pretoria would have no reason for invading Lesotho,
threatening Swaziland and Mozambique and demanding the ANC's departure, as
it is doing.

Second, it is useful to recall the statements made by the racist defense
minister himself when he admitted last year that the ANC was waging a large-
scale local war. The ANC is indeed waging a broad struggle inside the
country.

He even went further when he admitted that he was incapable of countering
this type of operation merely by using the security forces and that it was
necessary to organize the whole white population into a military force--and
moreover that is what is being done. He went even further in his admissions
when he said that even this would not enable Petoria to end the ANC opera-
tions. At present he is waging a whole campaign to win the black popula-
tion's support. For instance, the racist regime has offered the right to

16



Some of the transnationals operating in El Salvador include Unilever, which
owns the United African Company group of companies in Ghana; the British-
American Tobacco Company, whose subsidiary is the Pioneer Tobacco Company
here; Exxon, the powerful oil company; and Pfizer, the manufacture of drugs.

In El Salvador, a small group of rich families commonly referred to as the

_14 families own the vast body of land, control the export of agriculture

from the large plantations and also possess a strong foothold in other
sectors of the economy. Until the recent land reforms, which in any case
affected only a small portion of the land, it was estimated that only two
percent of the population owned about 60 percent of all land, the principal
means of livelihood in the country. This situation gives control over the
political machinery to minority, a situation which continues. The combina-
tion of grossly unequal and unjust internal economic and political relations
on one hand and the domination of foreign interests and the transnationals
on the other hand resulted in the very low standard of living, dictatorship
and repression for the mass of Salvadoran people. Since 1932, after a coup
d'etat and a bloody repression of a popular revolt in which 30,000 people
were massacred or shot, El Salvador has been ruled by a succession of mili-
tary juntas on behalf of the small group of rich families and their hangers
on. The military juntas and their civilian partners have already been very
repressive and strong collaborators with foreign interests in the exploita-
tion of the mass of their countrymen.

In the 1960's a political movement known as the Christian Democracy developed
as an opposition to the land owners. This movement was led principally by
the middle classes--lawyers, doctors and engineers. The leader of the
Christian Democrats, Jose Napoleon Duarte, became the mayor of the capital

of El Salvador in 1964. But after a period in exile, from 1972 to 1979,
Napoleon Duarte ceased being progressive or even moderate and chose the

side of the oligarchy against the ordinary people. Meanwhile, a number of
radical groups, popular and militant organizations of the people, were coming
up. By May 1980, these organizations had come together under the umbrella

of a new and unified body known as the FDR, with the FMLN as its military
wing. These organizations are presently leading the struggle for liberation
in the Central American country.

Over the years, the United States has been the major supporter of all the
repressive regimes that have ruled El Salvador. Disregarding the real
demands and desires of the mass of the people and their struggle for social
change consecutively, U.S. administrations have been providing the repres—
sive regimes of the country with political support and military and economic
aid. Since the Reagan administration came into power, the political and
military support has been stepped up. Last year, a so-called general elec-
tion, which was found to be a sham one given the political situation in the
country, was held in an attempt to seek legitimacy for the ruling groups of
El Salvador and to deceive the world. The election was won by the extreme
right wing, the National Republican Alliance, led by Roberto D'Aubuisson.
The Reagan administration, inspite of the horrifying evidence of repression
and genocide, has gone ahead to present a certification of human rights in
El Salvador to the regime in order to continue to provide military aid to

33



ZIMBABWE

AIR FORCE REPORTED 'ON THE VERGE OF COLLAPSE!

MB100943 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 10 Apr 83 p 1
[SUNDAY TIMES reporter, Harare]

[Excerpts] Zimbabwe air force is on the verge of collapse.

At least 27 white officers including seven group captains and 20 pilots are
said to be resigning their post.

They will leave over the next three months.

The commander, Air-Marshal Norman Walsh, has already announced his retire-
ment.

The departure of the white officers could prove a crippling blow to the
3,000 strong air force, according to the SUNDAY TELEGRAPH's correspondent
Nirman Kirkham.

The reason for the exodus of senior officers from the Zimbabwe air force is
said to be the growing tension and dissatisfaction in the after-math of last
year's sabotage attack on the Thornhill Base and the arrest of seven men who
face trial over the incident.

Although some white pilots will remain, Mr Mugabe will rely much more in the
future on scores of black officers.

Command of the air force is to be taken over by Josiah Tungamirai, once a
senior political commissar with Mr Mugabe's guerrilla army, who was
appointed air vice-marshal in December.

He had never flown in a military plane before his promotion, and he makes
no secret of his dislike for whites in Zimbabwe or his vaunting political
ambitions.

Mr Mugabe's government is also expected to turn to China for supplies of

MIG 21 aircraft and possibly air force advisers who would help in re-organi-
sation of the officer structure.

cso: 3400/1161 154



statements on Cuba, on the ‘independence of Reunion, and so on, in the 1960's,
before I got him into step on foreign policy. He would say anything and did
incredible zigzagging. I can see all that again now. They receive the Cubans
and say anything. Jugnauth is not the moderating element that people thought.
Only Boodhoo seems to be a moderate in foreign policy. Jugnauth forgets that
the Cubans are in Angola, that ‘America is sensitive to anything having to do
with the Cubans and the Libyans. That cannot last. .

[Question] Employment is not improving, despite the incentives offered. Do
you think that the trend can be reversed?

[Answer] The emigration of workers to Africa and the Middle East gave us a
little breathing room, but. I. think that there will be 100,000 unemployed when
the schools closé, the arrival of young people on the labor market with the
results of the exams this month, layoffs in the free zone, and so on. This
government does not create jobs; it causes people to lose existing jobs. Look
at the case of the casinos and gambling houses. I warned Berenger that by
raising taxes on gaming places, there would not be one more penny, but would
cause people to lose their jobs. The Amicale changed licenses, going from
category A to category B in order to pay less and laid off 22 workers. Who
gained by it?

For me, 100,000 unemployed is the critical level. It means people in the
street, a social explosion and therefore, a dictatorship, because we will have
to quell it. I can see all that by the end of the year if nothing is done to
get employment going again. Now then,, how:can it be done?. In agriculture? |
At what cost? If the IMF says: "Give more concessions to the sugar industry,"
will people accept that? Students are already beginning to say: "You refuse
us 6 million, but you give 57 million to the sugar industry." Will Berenger
be able to make more concessions’ to industry? How will this government con-
vince people that he can get the country out of the hole?

Look at the cynicism of the government: It speaks of sacrifice, but to a
question from Nicol Francois, it responds that in eight months, the ministers
spent 976,000 rupees on travel and that the budget for ministerial travel

(1 million rupees) is already used up. I am flabbergasted! How? There is

a government that asks for 50 million in new taxes in the weeks ahead and

that spends a million on travel in eight months, that does not even excuse
itself, that explains nothing about where that million went and that has just
announced that the sum will be increased! What did they criticize the old
government for? Exactly the same arrogance. Do they believe that the people
do not see, that they do not think, do not see that austerity is for the people
while the high life is for the ministers? It is true that it is in human na-
ture to seek pleasure. A Chinese-Mauritian friend, speaking about those minis-
terial travels, told me yesterday: "Qui mo ti dire ou, missie Gaetan? Vaut
mieux nourri ene lichien gras qui ene lichien maigre!" [What do you say,

Sir Gaetan? Is it better to feed a fat dog or a skinny dog?"] I find that
magnificent: The MMM ministers are skinny dogs. They are hungry and therefore
have nothing more to eat! Ramgoolam would never have dared to have such lavish
receptions as those the MMM has! We asked how much the government spent for
receptions in eight months. Next week we shall see. How do you expect to
mobilize the nation under such conditions?

54



On 23 March 1983 UNITA forces attacked the (Savitangaela) enemy position.
The enemy suffered 30 casualties, including the political commissar. Cap-
tured were 33 AK-47s, 17 (tuga) mausers, 29 Russian mausers, 2 60-mm mortars,
1 RPG-7, 19 60-mm mortar shells, 4 radio receivers and 28 head of cattle. A
total of 393 civilians were released after a public gathering was held.

On 23 March 1983 FALA attacked the Quingenge position and took it by storm.
After 40 minutes of intense fire the enemy retreated in disarray. A total
of 39 FAPLA members, including the unit commander, 20 ODP men, 7 policemen,
and 4 white Portuguese nationals were found there. Two B-10 cannon, 3 82-mm
mortars, 4 RPG-7s, 2 60-mm mortars, 4 RPD's, 3 HK-31's, 37 Czechoslovak
AK's, 20 AK-47s, 17 G-3s, 8 FN's, 11 (tuga) mausers, 40,700 rounds of
assorted ammunition, 16 boxes with assorted shells, 670,000 cuanzas, and few
uniforms were captured. |Eighteen vehicles and 1 AT-L were burned. The
railway station and the gasoline stations were destroyed.

After the attack glorious FALA held a meeting with the local population.

On the same day FALA forces burned seven vehicles on the Menonguebie

Road, 3 km from Cachingues. Twenty FAPLA members, including 3 whites of
unidentified nationality, were found dead at the spot. Items captured were
15 Czechoslovak AK's, 2 82-mm mortars, 1 B-10 cannon, 1 radio transmitter,

13 boxes with assorted shells, 2 cameras, and some equipment and food rations.

On 22 March 1983 FALA forces destroyed three vehicles on the road between
Huambo and Lubango, in the (N'gola-Vila Branca) section. Thirteen FAPLA
soldiers, 3 Cubans and 4 members of the so-called state security were killed.
Items captured were 10 AKM's, 1 82-mm mortar, 2 60-mm mortars, 2 RPG-7s,

2 RPD's, 1 (PKM), 2 (FVD's), 2 HK21s, and 1 radio transmitter. Ten FAPLA
members, including a driver and an electrician, were also captured.

On 23 March 1983 the FALA giants attacked and destroyed a bus, registration
number AAL-7231, which was traveling from Lobito to Huambo, in the
(Gibipa)-Huambo section. FAPLA suffered 53 confirmed dead, including 12
Portuguese and 7 police members. Captured were 30 AKM's, 10 G-3's, 4 RPG-7s,
4 boxes of 7.62 PS ammunition, 2 boxes with 7.62 normal ammunition, 190,000
cuanzas, 7 watches, 14 field radios and some uniforms.

On 28 March FALA attacked enemy forces who were protecting the bridge over
the Cutato River on the Calucinga-Andulo Road. In our punitive action FAPLA
lost 34 men, and the ODP lost 18. Our forces captured 1 82-mm mortar,

56 AK-47s, 2 RPG-7s, 1 RPG-2, 2 60-mm mortars, 2 grenade launchers, 3 (PKM's)
12 boxes with assorted ammunition, and assorted equipment. Two IFA vehicles
and one land rover were burned.

On the 2d and as a supplement to the first 2 weeks of March, FALA's regular
battalion detected and then engaged an enemy battalion, which was totally
destroyed. The enemy battalion, supported by a Cuban platoon, was traveling
from Cuito Cuanavale. After 30 minutes of intense firing the villains in the
pay of the late Brezhnev were put out of action and suffered 89 confirmed
dead, including 7 Cubans. Captured were 48 AK-47s, 1 82-mm mortar, 3 RPG-7s,

19



Ndugu Sokoine called on the ministers to note the responsibilities of the na-
tional assembly and thereby ensure that they briefed MPs well on their minis-
tries' activities in order to assist the National Assembly in performing its
duties.

He said it was important to realise that the National Assembly was the eye of
the people, adding that, it was "watch dog". He said the National Assembly
and the President were the only authorities empowered to enact laws in the
country.

Secondly, he said the National Assembly was the only institution empowered to
authorise recurrent and development expenditures for the government and its
ministries.

Ndugu Sokoine said lately some Tanzanians have been saying that the National
Assembly had no teeth since it was simply barking both to the government and
parastatal organisations, while their leaders and workers continued to get
their salaries.

He said these people would have liked to see their National Assembly ensuring
that corrective measures are taken against leaders and workers who were re-
sponsible for mistakes committed in the course of performing their duties.

He said the Party, Government and the National Assembly will have to look into
this with a view to strengthening the National Assembly. He said the on going
discussions on the constitutional proposals was an opportunity to look criti-
cally into the issue.

In a bid to implement its objectives smoothly, he said there were eight parli-
amentary committees which assisted the National Assembly in ensuring the gov-
ernment's accountability to the people.

He said following recent Party proposals, the committees will be provided with
more experts to assist the National Assembly in performing its duties more
efficiently.

He said in future the government will give weight to directives given by the
committees.

On the role of the ministers and regional commissioners, he said it was highly
objectionable for them to support explicitly or implicitly Members of Parlia~
ment who opposed Party or Government decisions.

He said if a minister or regional commissioner felt that his conscience did
not allow him to support the Party or Government move then it was logical he
resigned from his post.

He said in the event of all Members of Parliament turning down government's
moves in the National Assembly and thereby striking wide disagreement with the
government on several issues, the alternative would be for the President to
_dissolve the Parliament and call for presidential and parliamentary elections.

141



PAT SIDLEY reports that in Johannesburg there was little consumer reaction to
the Budget as it was not going to materially affect most consumers.

The Housewives League said it was disappointed the Government had still not
considered excluding basic foods from General Sales Tax.

"In this time of economic hardship, the lower income groups need some tangible
relief which cutting basic foods out of GST would do," a spokesman said.

Mr Raymond Ackerman, chief executive of Pick 'n Pay said the Budget "cer-
tainly was mild", but he had been hoping the bread subsidy would be reintro-
duced.

He had expected a rise in GST, which would have been inflationary, and was
"thankful" this had not come about.

“The moment the Government has any funds they must reintroduce the bread sub-
sidy as a first priority."

‘Conservative, Say Bankers
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Mar 83 p 11

[Text] The budget is conservative in substance, but has a continuously op-
timistic ring about it, according to Mr Andre Hamersma, group economist of
STandard Bank.

Mr. Hamersma said "If the Minister can indeed limit the growth in public spend-
ing to the 10,3% rise provided for, it would be a major achievement, particu-
larly because a large increase in expenditures on education and defence, and
for drought relief are provided for."

Government revenues are notoriously difficult to forecast, but while the
underlying gold price assumption of some $370-380/oz appears to be realistic,
projected rises in revenues from personal and company taxation appear somewhat
optimistic.

“Apart from the actual fiscal mechanics the budget contained encouraging indi-
cations of ongoing structural adjustments to the workings of the financial sys-
tem, which are designed to improve its efficiency.

"This is evidenced by the proposed amendments to building society legislation,
and the transition from indirect to direct subsidisation of housing. This is
in keeping with the general philosophy of the De Kock Commission."

Mr Kevin Bell, of Hill Samuel, said that, bearing in mind the intense competi-
tion between banks, it is to be hoped that building societies will rise to

the challenge implicit in the impending changes to the Building Societies

Act.

87



From Abidjan to Korhogo, from Man to Abengourou, we have not met anyone who
could offer the slightest outline of a program of action.

As for the reporter arriving in Port-Bouet, he will insist on following the
trail-of parlor reformers. As in Dakar and Yaounde, he would like to find
in Abidjan a new pole of information in the shape of a new man.

Actually, if such a man is appointed, and we are quite certain that he exists,
we can imagine that he would not be enthusiastic at the thought of assuming
the formidable honor of ruling in these times of difficulties that can be
mastered only by sacrificing popularity.

Tightening the belt until it hurts, dispensing austerity in the kingdom of
a defunct prodigality, cancelling administrative leases, laying off people,
controlling, punishing, and going from the fatted calf to the lean cows, all
this is not very appealing and, things being what they are, President Hou-
phouet-Boigny alone can impose this draconian regime. As long as the storm
is raging, he should stay at the helm. .

This is the most widespread opinion in the Ivory Coast, no matter what
foreign reporters may write. After the storm, it will be time for him to
appoint a second in command, as the latter must absolutely start exerting
his responsibilities, if not when things are easy, at least when he can be
sure of success.

Has the Party No Influence?

Anyhow, the succession will be difficult, by comparison, because of President
Houphouet-Boigny's authority and immense prestige.

Another cause for grave concern--and how unbearable--is the chaos to be ex-
pected (?) should there be a sudden vacancy of the power...

To consider anarchy in such a manner is to forget the President's work and,
therefore, to insult him.

His work is marked first by an elaborate, strong and effective political
structure, Thirty higher officials form the political bureau of the PDCI-
RAD [African Democratic Rally], and another 9 the Executive Committee. The
Managing Committee consists of 100 members and there are 189 general secreta-
ries in the Party subsections.

Would this impressive apparatus be only a negligible quantity? It is not
above all reproach, but the relatively recent establishment of true demo-
cracy within the single party has brought into the country's life elements
that are vital in providing new dynamism. The Old Man is no longer the
only factor of unity. In the task which has obsessed him all his life, he
is now assisted at all party levels, and these will remain active after
their president's last breath.

This truly remarkable organization is not about to promote anarchy, even
if the chief of state should die suddenly.

40.



3000
i MILLION -

+ 2000

|
i
t

.
1500

ere EOC AO

1 000 tai

73. 74 75 7 77

78 '79° 80

‘Area Defense’ .To Cost R1,000m

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Mar 83 pp’7, 11

[Text]

MILITARY spending on the
home front dominates. the
; 1983/4 defence estimates,
‘with almost one-third of the
» R3 093-million military bud-
© get devoted “area defence”.
No less than R1 005-million
y aa ee ease tectum for
ific area tection for
RSA and St A against an
threat by means
§ a of land, aie and naval forces
and supporting services”.

Of this sum, a’ massive
R730 541 600 will be set aside
for stores, livestock and
equipment and another
R193 206 700 fe

Estimat

expenditure is up by 15,9%,
or R425m, on year’s
R2 668m — a hike of about
1% in real,terms.

In addition, Mr Horwood
has transferred R140 200 000
i lus funds to the De-

in
fence Special Account.

82

Mr Horwood stressed the
importance of developing an
important armaments indus-
try in the light of the interna-
tional arms bo:

But, as usual, no details of
the acquisition of heavy wea-
pons are given.

iditures include:
1400 000 for a higher
command and control
structure,
@ R113 600 000 for personnel;
@1220m for an overhead

81 8283

structure to support the
SADF’s other objecti ves

‘R293 500 000 for trait
@ R508 900 000 for “Togs
Her", which includes Arms-

r costs;
e eit 600 000 for “landward

ent Race 400000 for air

$ sane 500000 for naval de-
fence; and

@R2 lism for the purchase
of stock and equipment.



MAURITIUS

ECONOMY STILL FAR FROM RECOVERY
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 24 Feb 83 p 4

/Text/ "Sacrifice and patience will be required to make
economic recovery a reality. We have begun to inch forward,
but we can only succeed if the economically active sectors

of the country decide to join hands and work in a climate

of real stability." These are the words of Mr. Benoit Arouff,
the outgoing president of the chamber of commerce and industry,
as he reyiews the economic developments of 1982.

Mr Arouff said that the fiscal and monetary steps taken in the past proved
insufficient to stabilize the balance of payments. Moreover, weather conditions,
the global recession, high interest rates and the very harsh conditions

attached to loans had very serious repercussions on the manufacturing and
tourism sectors as well as employment. However, the dramatic steps taken by

the government spurred new hopes, despite the fact that the situation remained
very serious.

Speaking about the national economy, Mr Arouff noted that the GDP increased
from 8.853 billion rupees to 10.2 billion rupees, an increase of 15.2 percent.
But real growth was just under 6 percent. The increase was primarily due to
the performance of the agricultural sector,.or more precisely the sugar sector,
which brought in more income than it did the previous year. In fact, revenue
increased 25 percent. In the manufacturing sector there was 9 percent growth,
while in the other sectors there was slight growth or even (as in the
construction sector) a slight decline. Trade, on the other hand, declined by
about 5 percent.

The real leyel of private consumption declined by 3 percent, going from 73.4
percent of GDP in 1981 to 69.5 percent in 1982. Goyernment consumption
outlays increased by only 1 percent. With regard to inyestment, the situation
is disquieting. Gross fixed capital formation declined by 11.3 percent in
real terms, because of financial constraints in the sugar industry and the
other manufacturing sectors, and because of the critical problems faced by the
construction companies. In the manufacturing sector, seyeral new enterprises
started up, while others had to shut down. "Productive sectors which alone can
generate quick and sustained economic development, were adversely affected by
the inadequacy of financial resources," Mr Arouuf stated.

59



HIS table gives (in millions of rands) the main figures of the Minister
Finance, Mr Owen Horwood’s Budget:

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE STATE REVENUE ACCOUNT
Revised Budget —_—Percent-

figure figure age
Rm Rm Rm %
EXPENDITURE
Printed Estimate (H.P.2.'83):
21061
‘Supplementary appropriations i. . :
Social pensions ... 95,0
Military pensions .. 25 .
Civil pensions 2.5
Small Business Development Corpor 5,0
Home ownership saving schem 5,0
Housing assistance _ 50
115
{Total expenditure 19205 21176 10,3
) Revenue:
Printed Estimate (R.P.3.'83; First Print):
+ Customs and Excise at existing rates 2.000
| Less:
Taxation proposals (i.r.0.):
{Excise duty on brandy... 3,0 3
f Total for Customs and Excise. (2346 2057
F and Revenue at existing rates
(excluding loan levies) 17023
Less: Retirement benefits . 7.0
Income tax rebates for over 70" 3.0
Donations tax... 0,1
| Post Office Savings Bani 09 u
17012
|; Plus Taxation propos in respect
{Stamp duties . 20,0
&  Generat States tax on 5,0 25
f Total for inland Revenue, 15074 17.037
{Total Revenue 17420 © 19094
' 1785-2082
F 614933
e 510 386
i 529 302
g so 239 300
1 Other foan expenditures. 16 20
f 1908 = 1941 17
: 3693 4023 89
* FINANCING:
i Domestic Loans
©, Public Debt Commissioners 1300 1500
4.” Reinvestment of maturing stock 2.823 933
. New Government Stock Issues 930
:” Non-marketable Securities:
‘Treasury Bonds .. 200,0 .
}- Bonus Bonds 150,0
National Defence Bonds 50,0 356 400
+ Foreign Loans 676 260
Loan Levy 170 10
| Treasury Bills . se se -34 =
Transfer to Stabilisation Account . 1650 _
F, Surplus (carried over from previous year) 113 =
j. TOTAL FINANCING 4204 © 4023
: 51 Nil
i
i 140 ~
371 =

CSO; :3400/1136

83



SOUTH AFRICA

PIK BOTHA UNAWARE OF 'STATE OF WAR WITH LESOTHO"

MB111756 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1708 GMT 11 Apr 83

[Text] Cape Town, 11 Apr, SAPA--The South African government was not aware
that a state of war existed between South Africa and Lesotho, the Minister

of Foreign Affairs and Information, Mr Pik Botha, said tonight.

"Neither are the 141,000 Lesotho citizens who work in the Republic of South
Africa," he said.

Mr Botha was commenting on allegations by the Prime Minister of Lesotho,
Chief Leabua Jonathan, that his country was now faced with war with South
Africa.

"The South African government is, however, aware of serious divisions which
exist within Lesotho itself," Mr Botha continued.

"Lesotho is at war with itself and the South African government hopes that
the leaders of that country will find a way of returning to a condition of
peace and stability."

csO: 3400/1160

118



yana said: “The evi-
dence is so positive that
if I-were to give the
slightest-hint of it, steps
would be taken (by
{ South Africa) to destroy
i the grounds of the evi-

passports — Mr Sekhon- *
|

Leabua's Wit is Folly

'WE“DO NOT know exactly. what
jChief Leabua Jonathan is about, but
this almost desperate attempts to
iwage’a kind of battle of wits with
‘South Africa is strictly embarrass-
fing. And while we recognise the

*try on South Africa’s borders which

tknown fact that the Jonathan gov-
ernment has made_something of a
face: from its earlier concilia-

(to understand the open hostility that
South Africa -harbours against
‘them. Surely:there is not the faintest
“hope in the world for Lesotho to do
us any harm, even if the Soviet
Union itself armed them to the teeth.

But having said that we feel Leso-
tho is making a very poor show in
jtrying to.mount some kind of psy-
3 battle against South Af-

urica. The sudden ce of
“South African soldiers or policemen’
3400/1116

121

Fence.”
«
He said. he could not

“give the number of SAP
} men arrested for “strate-

gic reasons” — the fig-
fure seven was released
bby the chief of police.

loes not make for. very bracing
‘reading. It is awfully embarrasing to
{say the least."
There is no doubt that South Af-
erica will not treat any country with
i kid gloves if she has the slightest be-
‘lief that she could be in some kind of
danger from that country. This
'makes it particularly true of. coun-
tries inside and on her borders.
{. Lesotho has somehow flirted
jopenly with left wing countries —
‘and we are not even including the
JANC refugees who are there afterall
ron political asylum. We are speak-
‘ing of contact this country has too
‘frequently and openly shown to-
-wards socialist and even communist
‘countries. That is unfortunately
tasking for trouble in these parts as
feveryone kriows: the .paranioa to-
wards such elements in South. Af-

: We do not know how Lesotho is
ing to wangle herself. out of this”
nt muddle, but there has to be
isome honest answers to-awkward
uestions. There has also got to be
some face saving ‘as in, all disputes.
e trouble is, by making so much
ise about something that was not
properly checked, officials-have
given South Africa the necessary lee-
way for breathing, space ‘after her
Maseru military assaults:
It ‘is “perhaps because of.some of
the internal problems'she is encoun-
tering particularly with the Lesotho
‘Liberation Army (LLA) which is be-
Jieved to be backed by South Africa
ithat has caused such a major diplo-
‘matic gaffe from Chief Leabua Jon-
athan. -



CONGO

PROJECT TO OVERCOME OUESSO'S ISOLATION
Paris LE MONDE in French 13-14 Mar 83 p 12

/Text/ They speak with a Gascon accent in Ouesso. A firm from Mirande, in
the department of Gers, is building the highway which is to link this city on
the banks of the Sangha River to Brazzaville. Of course, you can reach the
capital by means of this river and then the Congo. If you are not ina
hurry: it takes 5 days to go down and 8 to return and the waterway cannot be
used during the dry season. There are also five flights per week; but a
seat on the airplane costs 20,000 CFA francs.

Quesso has 14,000 inhabitants, including 2,000 foreigners from neighboring
Cameroon or Central Africa and also from Benin and Chad, indicates its mayor,
a former SFIO /French Section of the Workers International (French Socialist
Party)/ member. The population is aging and the cocoa harvest is declining:
6,000 tons in 1972; . 3,500 tons 10 years later. To keep the younger
generations here, they are thinking of setting up equipped village centers
and launching cooperatives, but above all of overcoming the isolation. The
highway should enable timber production to be increased and cocoa production
to recover, while it is hoped that the rural exodus will not be accelerated.

The Ducler firm is here to see the project through. It employs 40 Europeans
and 400 local workers. .The project: some 600 kilometers of asphalt in two
lanes, four rivers to cross with 120 to 160-meter bridges, 10 kilometers of
metal structure for the small rivers. But, the venture has already begun:

the machinery has come from Douala by road and waterway; containers have been
shipped from Pointe-Noire via the Congo; the yery heayy equipment has arrived
via Zaire and the riyer.

The work begun in 1982 will take more than 5. years and the cost is estimated
at 36 billion in 1981 CFA francs, which would be some 50 billion by the end.
Too much asphalt? [In any case, the road surface is comparable.to that of a

highway, so as to be able to support. the weight of trucks loaded with logs.

It takes 6 months for floated timber to reach Brazzaville, with significant

losses; it will take 24 hours on the highway. -"The Congo must be opened up
with the assistance of former colonizers," emphasizes the mayor.

9693
CSO: 3419/656

27



The HERALD report said one of the companies was so upset with Mr Nkomo remain-
ing in London that it had stopped taking his telephone calls.

The two companies had kept in touch with the Harare government throughout the
affair, the HERALD said. Mr Nkomo had been told through them that the only
action pending against him in Zimbabwe would be charges of emerald traffick-
ing and the relatively minor charge of currency violations.

Mr Mugabe has said publicly that Mr Nkomo's safety would be guaranteed if he
came back.

cso: 3400/1161

153



In the absence of military integration or cooperation on the scale of the
whole continent, would regional African collective security systems not
reflect the reality of an Africa of homelands revelling, on each regional
scene, in a balance-of-power diplomacy? Certainly, we could retort that
whereas the regionalization of the African system is a fact, it is unfor-
tunately more often measured by the intensity of intra-regional conflicts
than by the density of defense agreements among neighbors. In Central
Africa, the two wars in the Shaba have shown the fragility and the opera~
tional ineffectiveness of the Zairian army, and prevented Zaire from playing
the part of a "regional pole" that had seemed to be hers. In East Africa,
while Tanzania has been trying to play the leader since its effective inter-
vention in Uganda against Amin Dada's regime and his Libyan ally, Ethiopia
is too much involved in the Erythrean conflict to give free rein to its am-
bitions. In southern Africa, the model of "regional security" dear to
Pretoria--the confederation formed by a politically white South Africa and
its black satellites--is challenged, as. illegitimate, by liberation move-
ments and "Front States."

That leaves West Africa, a true laboratory where future African regional
security systems are tested. On 9 June 1977, in Abidjan, at the initiative
of the Ivory Coast, seven French-speaking West African states signed a "Non-
Aggression and Defense Aid Agreement" (ANAD). The new alliance is based on
three major principles: non-recourse to force among partner states (a pre-
caution which proved not to be superfluous when a border conflict arose bet-
ween Mali and Upper Volta); a mutual assistance agreement in the case of an
aggression; the pooling of the allied's military forces. A general secreta-
riat has been set up in Abidjan; it is headed by a Senegalese officer. Is
that a first attempt at creating institutions? Some countries remain reluc-
tant: Mauritania and especially Mali which, on the one hand, does not want
to "be in the way" of Algeria (Algeria does not see with a favorable eye the
creation of a Subsaharan alliance) and, on the other hand, demands the dis—
mantling of all French bases existing on the territory of the allied states.

Another stage in West Africa's reorganization, beyond the traditional divi-
sions into "moderate" and "progressive," into "French-speaking," "English-
speaking" and "Portuguese-speaking" countries: a draft mutual assistance
agreement to the scale of West Africa as a whole is now being negotiated

by the Community of West African States which was created on 28 May 1975.

It provides for the creation of Commmnity allied forces that would intervene
in the case of a foreign aggression, a conflict between member states, or
even an internal corflict stirred up by powers foreign to the continent.
Again, some of the states involved are reluctant, considering the expected
preponderance of Nigeria, the West African giant, with its 75 million in-
habitants, its oil, its army--an army that numbers 173 thousand men, quan-
titatively the second army in Subsaharan Africa, after that of Ethiopia,
with more troops than all armies of the other West African Community states
put together; a defense budget of 1.75 billion dollars, the second in Sub-
saharan Africa after that of South Africa, whereas the budgets of Ghana, the
Ivory Coast and Upper Volta amount respectively to 150, 142 and 136 million
dollars.’ Others who are reluctant include the "band of four"--Benin, Mali,
Guinea-Bissau and Cape-Verde--which feel that most ANAD states are unduly
influenced by France. In addition, Niger is suggesting three precautions



According to the sources, a study will be carried out on this proposal, but
it is most likely that the raw phosphates will be distributed to areas around
Arusha to avoid high transportation costs.

The rock phosphate is to be ground and refined before being distributed to
these areas, according to the sources. Statistically, 1.6 tonnes of rock
phosphates produce one tonne of TSP (Triple Super Phosphate) which is produced
at the TFC plant.

Since rock phosphate has some 28 per cent of phosphorous, and TSP has about
46 per cent of phosphorous, more rock phosphate is, therefore, bound to be
used to get the same effect as that of TSP.

cso: 3400/1121

136,



TANZANIA

BARBAIG RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM ‘SUCCESS'
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 26 Mar 83 p 3

[Text] THE three-year programme to re-settle the Barbaigs in the villages of
Maswa District, Shinyanga Region, has been a success, and efforts are now be-
ing directed towards development projectsin the villages concerned.

According to a report by the Regional Development Committee, construction of
class rooms, teacher's houses and cattle dips in the villages concerned during
the coming financial year are estimated to cost 325,000/-.

The programme to resettle the Barbaigs in parmanent villages was established
by the Government during 1978/79 under the supervision of the Prime Minister's
Office. It involves all regions with the Barbaig community. The regions are
Shinyanga, Arusha, Dodoma and Singida.

The programme was established because the Barbaigs were moving from one place
to another in search of pasture for their livestock, especially during the dry
spell.

Shinyanga Region is estimated to have more than 430 Barbaigs households with
more than 2,000 people owning 260,000 domestic animals.

cso: 3400/1112

144



TANZANIA

MINISTRY CLARIFIES AGRICULTURAL DIRECTIVE TO REGIONS
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Mar 83 p 1

[Text] The Government clarified yesterday that the directive to regions to
spend 33 per cent of their 1983/84 development budget on agriculture was a
minimum condition and that it was meant for regions spending less on the
sector.

A statement issued by the Ministry of Planning and Economic Affairs in Dar es
Salaam said some regions were committing up to 40 per cent of their develop-
ment budget to agriculture while others allocated only 20 per cent of the funds.

The statement said each region would be expected to spend not less than 33
per ‘cent of the development funds on crop production, livestock projects,
feeder roads and tree planting.

Under the directive, included in the guidelines for preparing the 1983/84
annual plan released by the Ministry last month, at least 286 million shillings
of the 858 million shillings allocated for regional development during the
year should finance agricultural projects.

The Minister for Planning and Economic Affairs, Ndugu Kighoma Malima, told
reporters that 24 per cent of the 1983/84 government development budget esti-
mated at 5,100 million shillings would be committed to agricultural develop-
ment.

This is an increase of eleven per cent over this year's allocation to the
sector.

cso: 3400/1121

150



As a result of these alliances, to give an example, a Dida will never confront
an Attie and the durability of the agreements concluded is demonstrated by
the fact that some are now gaining hold of real estate from the other clan,
without any fear-of retaliation.

As a result of custom.

Similar agreements were signed between the Baoule and the Abron. It would
be interesting to study the density of this network of "alliances." They
are known from one border to the other but, by extension, it should be pos-
sible to discover the links in a chain that might well cover the whole
Ivory Coast.

To the Ivorians, Houphouet-Boigny has given a flag in front of which students
in Korhogo, Man or Abengourou are called to meditate every morning, as it
rises in their schoolyards.

He has given them a motto with precisely "Union" as the first facet of a
triptych.

He has given them a national anthem, the "Abidjanaise," the first bars of
which will cause the Ebrie, the Dioula, the Senoufo and the Bete to stand
at attention.

One-Day Capitals

We polled a number of Ivorians, asking them pointblank to tell us where they
were born. None of them mentioned his native region, but all told us they
were born in the Ivory Coast. True, one fourth of the Ivorian population is
non-native. As a result, the three fourths who are native certainly feel

a strong need to distinguish themselves and to identify themselves geogra—
phically, not with respect to other regions, but with respect to other
countries.

This reflex would tend to show that the concept of belonging to an ethnic
group can give way to a stronger feeling of nationality. Fortunately, the
love of the village remains strong in Ivorian land, but it does not conflict
with the love of the homeland.

Such is the fruit of long efforts; they should of necessity help in putting
together the puzzle of customs.

To materialize it all the better, the Old Man imagined to alternate the
celebrations commemorating independence: one year they take place in a
town of the north, the following year in the west, then they move to the
east.

On "D" day, the whole country is stirred in unison with the town that has
been chosen for the celebration. For 24 hours, it becomes the capital,
with the powerful assistance of the media. Are not the media themselves
the best factors of union, to the point that throughout the country any word

42



The third image is more up-to-date and more down-to-earth: the strategic
position of Africa is matched only by the military impotence of African
states. They are handicapped by technological underdevelopment. Also

by the internal vulnerability of shallow-rooted regimes, nations deeply
divided into rival ethnic groups: throughout history the African state has
been wished for by the nations on the continent, but it is questioned because
it was designed from abroad; the appeal to national consciousness expresses
itself through membership in a tribe. Above all, there are foreign inter-
ferences: the high wind of East-West tensions has reached the black continent 5
Africa is no longer a private hunting ground of western countries; a veri-
table socialist subsystem has emerged with the quadrangle consisting of
Ethiopia, Mozambique, Angola and the Congo, which was completed with the
Soviet-Congolese alliance of 13 May 1981.

Three pictures in the African kaleidoscope. Three facets of the African
diplomatic and strategic system. Three possible roads to explore the means
and objectives of "African security."

African Regional Alliances?

"In Africa, just as in Samuel Beckett's play, Godot has not arrived yet."
The Godot Jean-Claude Gautron thus alluded to was African integration. An
integration whose rationality cannot be questioned: economically, it will
lead to production increase and diversification and to improved investment
coordination; politically, it will strengthen Africa's power with respect
to foreign influences and will allow a certain social pluralism--if only
through the circulation of ideas and men. However, the two strategies at-
tempted--the radical federalist project designed by Nkrumah, and a more
flexible federalization process that privileged economic cooperation as a
driving force--have come up against strong structural constraints: most
geopolitical or geocultural frameworks were inherited from colonial times
and this has affected the innovation power of the new organizations; the
primary function of African integration does not appear to be to go beyond
state entities, but to strengthen state power by increasing the external
capacity of governments and acting asa substitute for nonexisting diplomatic
infrastructures.

In the field of defense and collective security, the failure of Pan-African
ambitions is especially obvious. Africa is not covered by a collective
defense treaty--like the Treaty of Rio for the American continent. The
Organization of African Unity does include a defense commission, whose mis-
sion is to organize military cooperation between member states and to ensure
the defense of their sovereignty and integrity--but that commission seldom
meets, even when clouds are gathering over the black continent. And the
creation of an "Inter-African Force to Maintain Peace in Chad" at the Nairobi
Pan-African summit of June 1981 demonstrated above all the ambiguity of that
institution: was it a mere police force created to protect Chadian authorities
and demilitarize the country, according to the mandate defined by the OAU,

or was it a "spearhead" against Hissen Habre's troops, as Goukouni's govern-
ment had wished?



GHANA

"ECHO' SAYS CONTACT GROUP PRETENDS TO NEGOTIATE NAMIBIAN INDEPENDENCE
AB100736 Accra Domestic Sérvice in English 0700 GMT 10 Apr 83

[Press Review]

[Excerpt] The ECHO expresses disappointment at the efforts of the five
western contact group to negotiate independence for Namibia. The paper says
the plain truth is that the group is made up of the United States, Britain,
France, Canada and West Germany, has only been pretending to be conducting
the negotiations for there is no reason why there should be any difficulty
in granting independence to the territory after the international community
has pressed for it. The ECHO says the general view of the nonaligned coun-
tries is that the main obstacle to Namibia's independence is the United
States which claims to be the greatest democratic state. It wonders why
the United States should earn the notoriety of deliberately obstructing the
natural desire of a country to be independent if it really believes in
democracy. As for the rest of the contact group, the ECHO says they are
following the United States just because they are anxious to secure American

nuclear protection.

CsO: 3400/1157

36



SOUTH AFRICA

"LARGE NUMBER' OF URANIUM MINERS REFUSE TO WORK
MB111458 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 11 Apr 83

[Text] Police in Welkom have arrested five workers at the Biesa uranium
mine near the city, and a large number of workers are reported to have been
dismissed for refusing to work underground.

The chief of the criminal investigation department in the northern free
state, Maj Koos Calitz, says the police were summoned to the mine when
several workers began agitating. The workers apparently refused to go under-
ground because of the methane gas explosion in the No. 1 shaft of the mine
on Friday in which 16 workers were killed and 50 injured.

Several of the buildings at the mine were damaged in the unrest this morning,
and the contents of the store room were destroyed when the building was set
on fire. (Major Calitz) says that the damage has been put at more than
100,000 rand. The police are detaining the five miners on charges of public
violence.

cso: 3400/1160

117



ANGOLA

PAULO JORGE, ANC'S TAMBO VIEW NAMIBIAN ISSUE
PM110940 Algiers EL MOUDJAHID in French 30 Mar 83 p 16

[Interview with Angolan Foreign Minister Paulo Jorge and African National
Congress Chairman Oliver Tambo by Ammar Belhimer in Lisbon--date not given]

[Text] [Question] The recent Angolan-South African negotiations in Cape
Verde prompted conflicting commentaries. They led many newspapers to specu-
late, especially on two points: SWAPO's future and the MPLA's internal
situation. What are the facts?

Paulo Jorge: It is absolutely normal, and we are accustomed to some sections
of the Western press trying to distort the situation and also speculating.
The truth about the second meeting with South Africa is that its delegation
arrived with a much lower level of representation than ours.

We think that it did not have an adequate mandate to tackle some specific
practical aspects of the questions on the agenda.

The South African side tried to justify that by claiming that SWAPO had
launched a series of operations inside Namibia under the Angolan authorities'
responsibility. That was merely a pretext because SWAPO's operations—-the
South African press itself confirmed this--took place near Windhoek, the
capital, and it is not the Angolan government which is leading SWAPO or the
Namibian people's armed struggle.

The South Africans have also forgotten that the southern part of Angolan
territory is still occupied. It is usually there that SWAPO crosses to
supply its force in the interior.

So we are waiting for the South Africans to inform us that they are ready
for the third meeting and reveal the level at which they intend to partici-
pate in it.

Our participation in these talks has been decided by the MPLA-Labor Party
Central Committee. Nobody opposed it.

[Question] Little is known about the latest Angolan-American meeting in

Paris which followed the visit by a U.S. delegation to Luanda a few months
ago. What is the objective sought?

15



The communique also confirms the death of three priests, one of whom was Swiss,
during the attack on a column of 13 vehicles, 10 of which were military
vehicles transporting Cuban soldiers.

The attack took place near Issolo, Caimbambo in Benguela province, and other
religious personnel of both sexes, who were travelling with the convoy, were
set free after being given first aid.

During the attack, 11 Cubans and 41 FAPLA soldiers died and 6 government
soldiers and one Portuguese citizen, Alberto dos Santos Neves from Tras-os-
Montes, were captured.

Ten Different Areas Attacked in a Single Day

The latest communique shows that UNITA is intensifying its fighting, inflicting
serious setbacks to government troops and increasingly blocking access to
various cities in the territory, which can only be reached by air, and even
that with some difficulty.

The most recent news received from Angola reports that Jonas Savimbi's group
.acted almost simultaneously--an unprecedented event--in 10 different places
far from each other, covering virtually the entire country, and making the
Luanda government's activities increasingly difficult. Cangonga in Moxico,
Alto Hama in Huambo, Evale in Novo Redondo, Kavungo at several kilometers
from Luso, Serra do Pundo in Benguela, Matete at 45 kilometers from Malanje,
Basoko in Cubal, Nharea in Bie, Conda in Kuanza-Sul and Luassinga between
Longa and Menongue were the targets of attacks from the opposition movement.
Besides causing considerable damage, 99 Cubans and 107 FAPLAS soldiers were
killed and a further 27 captured, and important war materiel was destroyed or
captured in the attacks which were planned to "test the ability to organize
and coordinate fighting in different provinces" on the same day.

According to UNITA, 17 of their men died and 32 were wounded during these
attacks.

They indicated that most of these actions included attacks on and the destruction
of locomotives and railway cars on the Benguela-Malanje line, both considered
sensitive spots, and attacks on military troops stationed in or moving from

one place to the other.

9805
CSO: 3442/147

10



Motlana Hits Out at Free Market System
(SOWETAN, 30 Mar 83).......+0.06- eee c cece cece eee ste eeeees 108

Arrest in Denmark Results in Revealing Details of Arms
Buying
(Maria Cuculiza, Alex Frank Larsen; INFORMATION,
5-6 Feb 83) ..cce cece cccccccecscccessccsesscecssccssessseee LOD

Paper Urges 'Monroe Doctrine' for Southern Africa
(PHOENIX, Feb 83) ...csccecccccscccccccceececsesceeeces seeee 116

"Large Number’ of Uranium Miners Refuse To Work
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 11 Apr 83)....seeeeeeeeeees LI7

Pik Botha Unaware of 'State of War With Lesotho’
(SAPA, 11 Apr 83)....ccecececcnccsccscvenccees eee ec ecceoes 118

Security Police Disrupt Union Congress
(Umtata Capital Radio, 11 Apr 83)..sscesseeeeseceeececceees 119

‘Mysterious Escape'of Alleged SAP Men Said fo Embarrass Lesotho
(SOWETAN, 30 Mar 83)......... Stee eee sees beeen cece ences eee 120

Walvis Bay Becomes SA National Security Point 1 March
(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 31 Mar 83) ....cceeseeceescecececeeevece 122

Briefs
Merzario Office 123
Attack Announced on Railway Line 123

SWAZILAND

National Council Chairman Comments on Mabandla

(Mbabane Domestic Television Service, 11 Apr 83)....... 124

Minister Calls for Namibian Independence .
(Mashumi Twala; THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 11 Apr 83)......... 125

Prime Minister Pledges Peace, Stability, Unity
(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 11 Apr 83).........-4- eee eee eee eee 126

TANZANIA

President's Control of Internal Developments 'Weaker'
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 16 Mar 83) ....cesecccecccssccccescece 128

NASACO Official Says Revenues Increase Annually, Profits
Decline
(DAILY NEWS, 23 Mar 83) .cccccssccccccccccncceeesccececccese 132



deterrent to. potential coup makers.

Msuya is not a political heavyweight and was
dominated by Nyerere and the ruling clique (see
below) while prime minister. For several months he
was acting finance minister while Jamal: underwent
open heart surgery from which he is still recoveting.
Jamal retains an office in State House and a cabinet
seat and is responsible for the Structural Adjustment
Programme. Msuya’s new role will therefore be
limited, though he is to be responsible for negotia-
tions-with the World Bank and the IMF.

-The other cabinet changes worth noting are Lt.
Gen. Abdallah Twalipo’s change from minister of
defence to minister for special duties at State House,
where he replaces Abdallah Natepe, now minister
for home affairs, and Brig. Muhidin Kimario’s move
from home affairs to defence. The significance of
the above merry-go-round is probably marginal:
Twalipo, as defence minister, presided over the
armed forces when at least 20 servicémen were invol-
ved in.the coup plot; Kimario was probably the only
practical alternative for the defence portfolio; and
Nyerere has to handle Natepe with some care -
Natepe ‘being an “‘old-guard’’ revolutionary who
wanted to take over the presidency of Zanzibar when
Abeid Karume: was assassinated in. 1972. Natepe
appears still to'resent Jumbe’s incumbency.

Newcomers of note to the cabinet are Rashidi
Kawawa (a former prime minister), the energetic
secretary-general of CCM, and Paul Bomani, former
longstanding ambassador to the US, who received a
minor portfolio as minister of minerals. (He held
more senior posts before his ambassadorial appoint-
ment). At last year’s CCM congress, Bomani was
criticised because of his moderate views: His strength
is his position as political leader of the important
Mwanza region, nationally important because it pro-
duces much of Tanzania’s cotton production. During
the last six months there has been tension in Mwanza,
not least due to late and inadequate payments to
cotton producers by government buying agents.
There have also been reports of disturbance in the
local. military.

While satisfactory political assessment of the leadership is now extremely
difficult, conventional wisdom is that the top clique consists of six people:
Nyerere; his personal assistant, Joan Wicken; security eminence grise and
foremost presidential henchman, Joseph Butiku (Nyerere's nephew); the army
commander, Maj. Gen. Msuguri: the attorney-general and minister of justice,
Joseph Warioba: and the governor of the central bank, Charles Nyirabu.
(Nyerere's brother-in-law). It may be coincidence that apart from Wicken, the
above are all from Nyéerere's Zanaki tribe. Jamal and Kighoma Malima, minister
of state for planning and economic development, also certainly both have
Nyerere's ear.

129



SACOS ADOPTS NEW STRATEGY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Mar 83 p 4

[Article by Mono Badela]

[Text]

cso:

NON-RACIAL South African Council on Sport (Sacos) is fully
to involve itself-at grassroots level with the masses from black.
ips such as Soweto. ~ -

‘This was spelt out this {and who sacrificed much” sever. He emphasised
aweek by the new chair-" for the struggle. {there would be no
of the anti-apart- | jchange. from the course
eid movement, Mr | a by Segoe Me van “Sacos had chosen.
‘rank van der Horst. ‘Ge: Horst said there © “We must move into
The Cape Town-based {would now be agreater the locations, com-
g vil engineer succeeded involvement with the pounds and even enter
Mr Morgan Naidoo of ‘masses from townships the homelands,” he
<Natal as head of Sacos at like Soweto. isaid.
{an annual conference | “we agree there was |. He said it was essen-
theld in Cape Town re- thot total involvement _ tial that Sacos broke the
jeenty. _with the oppressed’ and artificial barriers-be~
In an interview Mr | we will be looking-into ,tween’ so called black
ivan der Horst told The ‘this as a matter. of ur- ftownships and oflier
WETAN that Soweto gency. ‘There will in fu- igroup areas. Sports. bo-
ay this year would: be iture be greater involve- “dies under Sacos should
pbierved by a minute’s nit with our people. dink themselves with
ce on the first week 4 ory ghettos because ‘community bodies, pro-
pad nearest Juné'16 and their stfuggle is our gressive trade unions
7. He said Sacos was jihelr steels, iwhich are championing
to .give recogni- = id aor ie’ cause of the work-
to the. oppressed £ He said Sacos would ». the civic bodies ‘as
id exploited sports now concentrate alot on ‘well as youth and stu-
spersons who played un- {talking and educating dent organisations.
ider very poor facilities [people at grassroots

3400/1116

107

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

VOFA SAYS 6 CUBANS KILLED, PIPELINE SABOTAGED

MB120705 (Clandestine) Voice of Free Africa in Portuguese to Mozambique
1700 GMT 11 Apr 83

["War Communique Issued by the Headquarters of the Mozambique National
Resistance"--date not given]

[Text] 1. On 17 March 1983 a military vehicle was ambushed and destroyed
between (?Macaene) and Machatuine in (Langa) area, Maputo Province.

On the same day an ambush was staged on the road between Massinga and
Funhalauro. Four vehicles were destroyed, and assorted war materiel was
captured.

2. On 21 March 1983 our forces ambushed a military vehicle between Magude
and Mahel in Duco area, Magude district.

3. On 27 March 1983 the Beira-Mutare pipeline was destroyed in Tica area.

The government of Zimbabwe had been informed that no military operations
would be carried out against the pipeline during a period of 3 months.
Meanwhile the government of Zimbabwe was expected to withdraw its troops
from Mozambique territory. Since the time limit has elapsed and the
Zimbabwe government persists in acting against the just struggle of the
Mozambican people, the Mozambique National Resistance [RENAMO] is forced to
resume retaliation against a number of targets important to the economy of
Zimbabwe. Such retaliation will only stop when the Mugabe government
decides to withdraw the Zimbabwean troops who are collaborating with Machel's
communist oppression.

4. On 31 March 1983 RENAMO forces made contact with the enemy in Magoro area,
Gaza Province. During the fighting 27 enemy soldiers, including 6 Cuban
officers who led the enemy, were killed. The identification documents of the
Cuban officers were captured and will be released in due course. Large
quantities of war materiel, including one B-10 cannon, one B-11 cannon,

seven machineguns, two bazookas, 18 light weapons and assorted ammunition,
were captured.

The struggle continues. Freedom or death. Victory is ours.

cso: 3442/187
66



2 60-mm mortars, 12 FN's 3 grenade launchers, 3 RPD's, 2 radio transmitters,
assorted equipment and 2 binoculars.

The fatherland is not negotiable. It is to be defended.
Menongue--point of departure. Luanda--point of arrival.

FALA, expression and power of our people's frustration. FALA, giant; FALA
on the attack.

Kafundanga is an example to follow.

Only united around Comrade President General Savimbi, FALA's supreme commander,
will we win.

[Signed] Operations Room of the Strategic Operational Command, COPE.

CsO: 3442/186

- 20



TANZANIA

SOKOINE ADDRESSES PARTY SEMINAR FOR GOVERNMENT LEADERS
Sokoine's Speech

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 27 Mar 83 p 1

[Article by Attilio Tagalile]

[Text] TOP government and parastatal organisations leaders have been told
that they hold their positions in trust of the masses and that their conduct
and ability to lead would be judged by the people.

Prime Minister Edward Sokoine said this in Dar es Salaam yesterday at the
closing session of a five-day Party organised seminar for ministers, principal
secretaries, judges and top leaders of parastatal organisations.

He said in a two-hour speech that the fact that they held the posts did not
mean that they were better than the people who had appointed them. Since the
objective of the CCM Government was to realise economic development and human
equality, it was imperative that the leaders ensured the realisation of such
goals, he added.

Nudgu Sokoine said it was important to understand that every leader was en-
trusted not only with responsibilities and clearly defined limitations, but
was also accountable to the people through the authority that had elected or
appointed him for his good or bad conduct.

Ndugu Sokoine said: "Once one accepts a leadership post, he must in the same
vein accept responsibilities and accountability. If you neglect your
responsibilities you will be committing a gross mistake."

The Prime MInister said leaders who went beyond their limits in exercising
their powers were also committing mistakes.

Ndugu Sokoine said there were two ways through which the people could criti-
cise and advise the government in the event of its deviating from the path.

One was through the National Assembly and the other through the ballot.
Through the National Assembly, he said, the people's representatives, Members
of Parliament questioned and scanned government developing plans with a view
to ensuring that they tallied with people's expectations.

140



make it possible to take better advantage of the density of the West and to
bring the "historical capital" of each nation to fruition (which is especial-
ly obvious in the case of French ties with Africa). All the same, the exis-
tence of a permanent concertation structure that would publicly demonstrate
western solidarity would prevent any miscalculation on the part of the Soviet
Union and, at the same time, the development of serious crises.

Should we privilege the danger of seeing the African territory used by the
great powers for planet-scale military purposes? A first manifestation of
"restraint" on the part of the great powers could consist in signing an
agreement ‘on the limitation of traditional arms transfers to Africa.2 It
would have two advantages: arms sales have a political as well as a military
significance; if they were regulated, certain "political patronage" rela~
tions which are based on arms sales only could be broken; since the over-
armament of certain African states results in the militarization of regimes
and societies--as over-equipped armed forces, some of which are supervised
by foreign advisers, will have a tendency to confuse the protection of the
national territory with the repression of domestic social movements——a con-
tractual limitation of arms transfers could stabilize many national political
situations. Such a negotiation between the main supplier states could only
be progressive and informal, its objective being the preparation of a beha-
vior code more similar to the London Agreements signed in 1975 by nuclear
equipment exporting countries than to a traditional treaty. But how could
such a process be started? By virtue of example, by adopting unilateral
measures? The U.S. restraint in the Angolan case made the Cuban break-
through possible. Through mutually agreeable limitations? The Soviets may
think they have no more favorable confrontation "site" than Subsaharan
Africa--thanks to their determined struggle for the adoption of majority
rule in southern Africa, their attacks on neocolonialism, their long-time
support to national liberation movements. Yet, other reasons may incite

the Soviets to moderation: the precarity of the influence gained through arms
sales (Somalia, receiving military assistance from Moscow, launched the con~
quest of Ethiopia at a time when the USSR was attempting to develop its rela—
tions with Addis-Ababa); the "escalation" resulting from increased determina-
tion in the West (the Reagan Administration openly supports UNITA guerrillas
in Angola, but Cuba has reached the extreme limit of its foreign interven-
tion potential). Already, the failure of the OAU Tripoli summit in August
1982 has revealed the decline of the Soviet and Libyan influences in the face
of a more determined U.S. commitment. Therefore, the~-contractual--limita-
tion of the great powers’ action would, dialectically speaking, involve a
new balancing of East and West interventions.

African Nonalignment Supported by Nuclear Weapons?

The aggravation of East-West confrontation in the Third World, by accentuat-
ing the insecurity of local states, could create in some of the leaders in-
volved a diplomatic and strategic urge: to gain access to nuclear weapons,

a guarantee of absolute security, the only way of transforming stake terri-
tories into "sanctuaries"-~at the very moment when the failure of arms con-
trol procedures and the renewed increase in the superpowers' nuclear arsenals
remove all moral obstacles to such an ambition. In this context, we can



TANZANIA

BET ORGANIZED WORKSHOP ON EXPORT MARKETING RESEARCH HELD
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 Mar 83 p 1
{Article by Elizabeth Marealle]

[Text] FIRMS, including parastatal organisations in the country have been
urged to direct their marketing research and trade promotion efforts to neigh-
bouring countries.

The call was made in Dar es Salaam at the weekend by the Director-General of
the Board of External Trade Ndugu Mbaruk Mwandoro, when closing a six-day
workshop on export marketing research.

He said that with the present technological development, Tanzania had great
export potential for its manufactured non-traditional products in the neigh-
bouring countries.

However, he said up-grading of quality compared to domestic production as well
as desired changes in the product design, packaging and labelling needed to be
undertaken to suit specific needs of the market.

Regarding export crops, he emphasised that more attempts should be made to
export semi-finished products rather than raw materials.

The workshop, organised by BET in conjuction with the International Trade
Centre (ITC-UNCTAD-GATT), was designed to introduce new concepts and tech-
niques of export marketing research to senior officials of firms engaged in
export marketing.

Earlier, the participants held a panel discussion during which they pointed
out that the major constraint hindering growth of export trade was on the
supply side whereby production is low due to lack of foreign exchange for
importation of fuel, machinery, spare parts and raw materials.

One participant said the country lacked adequate marketing information and
staff to undertake marketing surveys abroad.

Another argued that the quality of Tanzanian exports was not in consonance

with foreign consumer requirements, adding that transport bottlenecks and lack
of proper information on packaging also hampered export growth.

138



Will they be able to? Aside from petroleum, the Congo can base its hopes on
gass-but at present it would no supply a sufficient quantity to make the
project profitable--and on uranium--howeyer, mining would not being for 7 or
8 years at the earliest. At least, this is what. the heads of Elf, which is
conducting the two operations but which does not want to participate-~as
Kenya desires--in diversification outside of its areas of specialization,
maintain.

The French imprint; influence? Petroleum is still the major factor; if only
in guaranteeing repayment of foreign debt amounting to 265 billion CFA francs.
In 1981, debt service'on this debt represented approximately 20 percent of
budget revenue and'28 percent of export revenue, more than 80 percent composed
of petroleum revenue (50 percent in 1978). Besides, the Congolese economy
began its recovery in 1979, due to the increase in petroleum production and
prices. Forecasts are for 5 million tons in 1983 (or 204 billion in revenue
for the Congo out of a budget of 388 billion), 6 million in 1984 and 7 to 8
million in 1986. :

In the face of this "petrolization" of the country, portraits of Marx, Engels
and Lenin are fading in the streets and the Congo's Afrocommmism seems pink
rather. than red. The country's leaders confirm their desire to build a
socialism which takes realities into account and involves the fewest restraints
possible. Indeed—-except for some nightly military patrols in the capital--

a peaceful atmosphere prevails, with no political prisoners and little
censorship, while the financial crisis has been overcome, as petroleum has
made it possible to pay officials, provide work and initiate projects.

What about vulnerability? Considering the very: politically involved and
readily critical population, the international economic situation contains the
seeds of political and economic destabilization. It is always dangerous to
dash hopes. The administration will have to exercise definite authority in
order to have a.certain amount of austerity accepted. It can probably count
on the party mechanism, but it may run into opposition from its hardline wing.
In any case, pragmatism should prevail oyer Marxism.

Petroleum is also a facade. On the other hand, it may result in inflation
and speculation and, on the other hand, it may. cause debt and austerity.
During the inauguration, while the “comrades and distinguished guests" * were
taking shelter from a yiolent downpour under umbrellas in Elf Congo's colors,
the regional propaganda representatiye extolled the “magical and incredible"
success of the petroleum company. managers, Watch out for magical mirages.

* [ncluding a dozen French journalists who were guests of Elf

9693

CSO: 3419/656
25



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW ALLIANCE BETWEEN ENGLISH, AFRIKANERS DISCUSSED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 27 Mar 83 p 32

{Report of interview with Professor Sampie Terre'Blanche by Stanley Uys: "Tt's
Time for a New Alliance Between English and Afrikaners"]

[Text] There has been a chronic tendency in the National Party to do too
little too late.

Only since the split have we really had the potential to become a reform party,
and it is perhaps too early to judge whether, in the new circumstances, the
Government will be able to do enough.

But I believe the New National Party, as I call it, will unleash reforming
powers of unexpected dynamism and that in 10 years South Africa will be a
very different country.

We can't talk about Afrikaner unity any longer. The National Party°is no
longer the party of Afrikaner unity. What happened last year was traumatic.
There was a complete change of attitude within the NP. Afrikaner unity has
been finally shattered.

English-speakers are welcome to join the National Party. About 25 percent of
them supported the NP in the 1977 general elections, and possibly the same
percentage in the 1981 general elections. Cine the split in the NP, English-
speaking support, we believe, has increased.

The NP for too long was an Afrikaner clan, and with people like Treurnicht on
its right wing who would blame the English-speaker for not supporting the Gov-
ernment? But the situation has changed entirely.

Mr Chris Heunis (Minister of Constitutional Development) says that whenever he
met a certain important English-speaking business-man, the man would say to
him: "Please tell the Prime Minister I support him."

Eventually, Mr Heunis replied: “No, I will not tell him until I am sure you

have voted for a National Party candidate." To which the businessman replied:
“But I can*t do that--I am chairman of a PFP branch."

95



TANZANIA

DEADLINE SET FOR OBJECTIONS TO DISTRICT COUNCILS' ESTABLISHMENT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Mar 83 p 1

[Excerpt] The Government has set two months, effective today, during which
objections or representations from authority or individuals regarding the
establishment of district councils may be submitted to the Prime Minister's
Office (PMO).

According to a statement issued by the Prime Minister's Office in Dar es
Salaam yesterday, the Government intended to establish 80 district councils
on Tanzania Mainland.

The statement noted that “any authority or person interested in, or likely
to be affected by, the establishment of any district council may lodge with
the Minister in writing any objections or other representations by registered
mail to the Principal Secretary, Prime Minister's Office".

The statement further noted "The area of the District Council intended to
be established in respect to each district shall consist of the wards and
villages which currently constitute each of the districts in question".

Eighty district councils are to be established in Armeru, Kiteto, Mbulu,
Hanang, Monduli, Ngorongoro, Dodoma, Mpwapwa, Kondoa, Iringa, Njombe, Ludewa,
Mufindi, Makete, Bukoba, Karagwe, Biharamulo, Ngara, Muleba, Kigoma, Kasulu,
Kibondo, Moshi, Hai, Rombo, Mwanga and Same.

Others are Lindi, Nachingwea, Liwale, Kilwa, Musoma, Tarime, Serengeti,
Bunda, Mbeya, Rungwe, Kyela, Ileje, Chunya, Mbozi, Morogoro, Kilosa, Ulanga,
Kilombero, Mtwara, Masasi, Newala, Geita, Sengerema, Magu, Ngudu, Ukerewe,
Bagamoyo, Kisarawe, Kibaha, Utete-Rufiji, Mafia, Sumbawanga, Nakasi
and Mpanda.

The rest are Songea, Tunduru, Mbinga, Shinyanga, Kahama, Maswa, Bariadi,
Singida, Manyoni, Iramba, Tabora, Nzega, Igunga, Urambo, Handeni, Muheza,
Korogwe, Lushoto and Pangani.

The establishment of district councils is in pursuance of the provisions of
Section 7 of the Local Government (District Authorities) Act, passed by Parlia-
ment last year.

cso; 3400/1121
137



Mr Bell said the Budget was largely neutral and contained little drama.

The deficit is undemanding and should be financed comfortably as outlined by
the Minister.

It's No Good To Us, Says Gatsha
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 31 Mar 83 p 7

[Text] Chief Gatsha Buthelezi said last night the cost to black people of the
Government's tight economic policy was fast becoming too high.

Commenting on the Budget, the KwaZulu Chief Minister said Mr Horwood had claim-
ed the South African economy had shown significant structural improvements over
that of the previous year.

"The Budget was presented to an all-white Parliament and it may well be true
that the white sector of the economy has shown significant structural improve-
ments. But to the black man, the economy looks very different," Chief
Buthelezi said.

"The holding Budget presented by Mr Horwood offered little government-led
growth which we need so desperately.

"Black employment in manufacturing, mining, construction and transport has
declined significantly and by September 1982--before the worst of the reces—
sion--conservative estimates of black unemployment placed 480 000 people with-
out jobs.

Chief Buthelezi said the maintenance of a tight economic policy "is highly
likely to make the situation worse".

He added: “While blacks, too, have an interest in stable prices, the cost to
them of the fight against inflation is rapidly becoming too high."

cso: 3400/1136

88



understand the plea of African experts of the new generation for a nonalign-
ment supported by nuclear weapons. That theory was introduced in the spring
of 1980 by the Tanzanian Ali Mazrui, in the journal of the London Interna-
tional Institute for Strategic Studies; it was taken up again in March 1982
by the director of the International Relations Institute of Cameroon,

Mr Owona: African. countries must stop seeing their continent as a denuclear-
ized zone; renunciation to the nuclear weapon does not guarantee Africa's
security; there is ‘no security without nuclear dissuasion.

According to these African experts, a small nuclear capacity should first be
developed in Nigeria, then in Zaire. South Africa being expected to be ruled
by its black majority before the end of the century, it would then be pos-
sible to establish a triumvirate in which the South African nuclear force
would play a major role. Technically, it is a fact that South Africa is
already an unofficial member of the nuclear club, while Nigeria and Zaire
are considered to be "potential proliferators" for after 1980 [as published].
Politically, the idea of a consortium is reassuring: it implies that an at-
tempt will be made to achieve true continental security, the grip of foreign
influences relaxed--and that there will be no dangerous deviation toward
intra-African nuclear conflicts as a result of the political instability of
certain of the regimes involved, the lack of a common rationality between
implacable enemies in a certain part of the continent...3

Yet, the theory of African nuclearization gives rise to two questions:

- It implies the preliminary realization of continental unity: will the prog-
ress toward the realization of a nuclear consortium serve as an incentive,

a catalyst for the political unification of Africa? Or will it merely

bring about a collegial imperialism, a continental condominium?

- It implies that a solution to the South African question is found.
But will the South African Republic accept without reacting the end of its
unofficial monopoly, the constitution of nuclear forces among its potential
enemies? Will it not be tempted to wipe out the emerging potential, using
either traditional of nuclear means~-as Israel did with its raid in Irak in
1981, and as the USSR almost did in China in 1969?

Let us keep in mind the aspiration to an African identity, to an Africa of
the Africans, to a Monroe doctrine for Africa. Are times so harsh that this
doctrine could rest only on the nuclear fiat?

FOOTNOTES

1. See A. Meininger's report to the symposium on Collective Security in
Africa, Paris-South Faculty of Law, March 1981.

2. Andrew Pierre, "The global politics of arms sales," Princeton University
Press, 1982 pp 285 and following.

3. See Pierre Lellouche in DEFENSE NATIONALE, July 1982 pp 37 and following.

9294 7
cso: 3419/719



“During the expansionary phase of economy the private sector, in taking ad-
vantage of increased liquidity, inflated prices far beyond production input
costs," says Mr Jacob.

The public sector lags behind in simply balancing input-output prices, thus
reducing the “impact of private-sector of private-sector price increases.

The reverse is, however, the case in the contractionary phase of the economy
when slack demand and falling liquidity levels force the private sector to
cut prices as market forces dictate.

The public sector, in maintaining a balance between costs and prices, con-
tinues to increase prices of transport, energy and wages.

Barclays Bank's chief economist, Johan Cloete, sees administered price in-
creases as an integral part of the inflationary process.

Whether strengthening. market forces to offset the effect of administered prive
increases on inflation is the.answer is debatable.

Mr. Cloete says classical market forces will ultimately lead to a monopoly
situation, reducing competition.

The chances of bringing inflation down to a permanently significantly reduced
level are small, says the BER report. The authorities will have to bring the
money supply under control, it says.

Mr Cloete points out that some of SAts major trading partners, including the
US, Japan and Germany, have been unable to prevent an increase in their money

supply.

“A positive growth in money supply has been recorded in these countries in
spite of tough monetary policies" says Mr Cloete.

He says that lowér rates of inflation in SA's trading partners can be ascribed
largely to sensible policies adopted by the wage and price makers in those
countries.

An anti-inflationary awareness among workers in Germany, for example, reduces
the demand for excessively high wage demands.

Increased liquidity and wage increases without corresponding increases in
productivity levels are two of the major contributing factors responsible for
inflationary increases.

CSO; 3400/1136

94



It was the right wing, though, that actually set the pace, because its or—
ganisational base was very strong; in the NP parliamentary caucus, the Cabinet,
the Church, the public service, cultural organisations. All were interlaced
like a stone wall.

Only when Mr Botha, thanks to the Information scandal, became Prime Minister,
did the group ratios in the NP change.

The NP got rid of its right wing and that stone wall conservatism was broken.

There are still many tensions in the NP at different levels, but since the
split it is no longer an Afrikaner clan. It is now an ordinary political
party, like the Conservative Party in Britain. .

The NP will need the support of English-speakers, but there is no chance of a
coalition. The NRP might dissolve itself and walk over to the Government,
but at this stage there is no possibility whatsoevér of ‘an NP coalition with
the PFP because of the wholly different philosophies of the two.

Stumbling Block

The PFP and the English-language Press, with the possible exception of the Sun-
day Times, Mr Harry Schwarz and Dr F van Zyl Slabbert, have become a stumbling
block in the path towards reform, because they want to go too far too fast.

Reform is realistic when you accept that there are limits--that South Africa
can proceed up to a certain point at this stage, and then’to a further point
at a later stage, but that we dare not undermine the country's stability all
at once,

The Prime Minister is committed to long term, fundamental change. The present
Cabinet, too, is the most enlightened one since 1948.

We desperately hoped for a split last year. It was a pity the split did not
take place 10 years ago.

Until the split, the parliamentary opposition played an important role in
keeping the Government on its toes. But--and this is our argument with the
too enlightened colleagues, like Dr Hermann Giliomee, Dr Andre du Toit and
Dr Van Syl Slabbert--they don't realise we are busy with a whole new ball
game.

We have made adaptations, but the PFP have not adapted. Because they have not,
they have become a stumbling block. Their demands are unrealistic.

Since the split in the NP we have a New National Party. Now what we need is a
New PFP. This could bring about the political orientation South Africa needs.

cso: 3400/1136

99



During meetings between Mulack and thé. two Danish shipowners in Tivoli,
Vedbaek and other European checkpoints, details were agreed upon concern-
ing shipping. This cooperation later became known in international ship-
ping circles as "The Copenhagen Connection."

The linkage to the weapons went through Mulack's contacts in Vienna. Here
Peter Oscar Mulack alias Samuel Goldstein derived a multiple bonus from his
former days as a seller of East European swine heads to the West.

The two Trigon shipowners’ dividend from these connections became a path
leading to shipments from the Black Sea.to the Republic of South Africa.

The credit for this can not only be ascribed'to their mutual trust, however
unbreakable it is finally expressed in the shipowner's dressing gown.

The credit must be shared with Mulack and his contacts in Vienna. It is
an interesting cooperation between Austrian meat dealers and agents from
the Bulgarian secret: service.

Trigon Voyages to South Africa
The following voyages enter into the case against ‘the Trigon Shipping com-

pany. They all took place after the approval of the UN weapon embargo and
the adoption of the Danish law in May of 1978:

Ship Date Destination

Sarah Poulsen Oct 78 From Bulgaria to Durban

Lenna Trigon Dec 78 Unknown route

Lenna Trigon Jan 79 From Mauritius to Durban

Hanne Trigon Feb 79 Unknown route

Aries Trigon May 79 From Belgium to Durban

Hanne Trigon Jun 79 From Portugal to Capetown

Hanne Trigon Oct 79 From Rumania to Durban

Hanne Trigon Jan 80 From Portugal to Capetown

Lenna Trigon Jan 80 From Bulgaria to Durban

Aries Trigon Jan 80 From Rumania to Durban

Alice Trigon Jan 80 From Portugal to Capetown

Sarah Poulsen Feb 80 From Belgium: to Durban

Hanne Trigon Mar 80 From Portugal to Durban

Lenna Trigon Apr 80 From Bulgaria & Rumania to Walvis Bay
Alice Trigon May 80 From Portugal to Durban

Sarah Poulsen Jun 80 From Italy & Yugoslavia to Durban
Golf Trigon Jul 80 From Bulgaria to unknown port in South Africa
9287

CsO: 3613/73

115



MOZAMBIQUE

FOREIGN MINISTER CHISSANO ON FRONTLINE CONFERENCE
?M111026 Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICAS in Portuguese 30 Mar 83 p 3

[Interview with Mozambique Foreign Minister Joaquim Chissano in Lisbon; date
not given]

[Excerpts] DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: What results were achieved at the [front-
line] conference?

Joaquim Chissano: The results of the conference are very good. The
attendance was very large. We weresurprised by the large and enthusiastic
attendance of the inaugural session. The most important thing is that the
Portuguese people were not opposed to its being held. At first we hoped
that this would be so, but when the conference began to be placed in doubt
we feared a failure. In the end the results were extremely good, as was the
attendance of foreign delegations, which adopted very resolute stances of
support for the frontline countries.

DIARIO DE NOTICIAS: What about specific measures?

Joaquim Chissano: The first measure that we are taking in southern Africa

is to support the South African people in their antiapartheid struggle. The
principal element is the struggle waged by the South African people within
South Africa, and the Namibian people's struggle within Namibia is also of
prime importance. Another essential is the strengthening of our independence
by means of a political and economic consolidation and by the mobilization of
all our efforts toward a fuller development of our countries. It is
important to strengthen our countries' independence as an example of the
development of the struggle, to give greater confidence to the peoples of
southern Africa and South Africa, It is also very important that development
be successful in our countries. There is a coordination of efforts among the
countries of the region for economic. development within the context of the
conference on the coordination of development in the countries of southern
Africa, which has had many successes. For this reason this conference is the
target of attacks by the apartheid regime. Our intention is to diminish
dependence on it, since our economy was built during the colonial period to
serve the interests of the colonizing countries and South Africa. .There is
a connection between the colonizing countries and South Africa... Now we want
to alter the situation, to create a situation of interdependence among the
countries, including South Africa, on an equal basis.

62



NAMIBIA

THIRTY SWAPO INFILTRATORS KILLED; EQUIPMENT CAPTURED
MB111616 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1514 GMT 11 Apr 83

[Text] Windhoek, 11 Apr, SAPA--Security forces in SWA/Namibia have shot and
killed 30 SWAPO infiltrators at the weekend and captured quantities of
equipment, the SWA Territory Force [SWATF] headquarters said in Windhoek today.

SWAPO terrorists killed two civilians in separate incidents in Ovambo and
western Kavango in the same period.

The SWATF said in a statement that the 30 infiltrators had been tracked down
and killed in a series of minor armed contacts in western Ovambo and on the
SWA/Namibian border with Angola.

A total of 307 infiltrators have been killed since SWAPO began its latest
infiltration attempt of SWA/Namibia's northern districts in mid-February.

Among those killed at the weekend were members of the so-called "specialist
unit." They were on their way back to Angola.

All seven terrorists who attacked Vergenoeg hunting farm in the Tsumeb dis-
trict on 6 March had been accounted for, the SWATF said.

The remaining 13 infiltrators were killed in small skirmishes in the border
zone between SWA/Namibia and Angola at the weekend.

The security forces suffered no casualties.

The SWATF said intelligence reports indicated the possibility "is very slim"
of SWAPO infiltrations into farmland areas south of Ovambo and Kavango.

"The incursion by the so-called specialist unit, billed by SWAPO propaganda
as an intensification of the onslaught, has failed miserably," the SWATF
statement said.

The failure was evidenced by 14 SWAPO groups that had been prepared for the

infiltration campaign but "only 12 terrorists managed to reach the farming
area."

68



The article was published one day after the Angolan minister of the interior,
Alexandre Rodrigues, confirmed that the country would like to feel "a greater
solidarity" with all of Africa in support of the struggle for freedom taking
place in the southern part of the continent.

It is here in this region, according to Alexandre Rodrigues, where "the most
burning problems" of all of Africa are found.

Angola's Good Will

Repeating that Angola had never been the aggressor against South Africa, and
that Luanda "will not beg peace" and will not give up because of a difficult
internal economic and military situation, the Angolan minister struck the
keynote of "his government's good will" to restore peace to the region.
Alexandre Rodrigues likewise clearly set forth Angola's objectives, i.e., to
find a way to obtain a truce or a cease-fire with South Africa.

Whatever the outcome of future talks with Pretoria, already announced by the
Angolan Minister, Angolan leaders have decided to inform the public of these
delicate negotiations, which had been totally secret up to now. Last week
only "a possible resumption of the talks" was announced in a short communique.

Finally, observers in the Angolan capital point out that in bringing the
press in, the Angolan leaders may in this way put an end to speculations in
the Western press which have been denounced already several times, and gain
support for its arguments internationally, something that Pretoria has never
failed to do, making wide use of the principle of "leaks."

9805
CSO: 3442/147

12



Support in His Struggle

This is no good. If people support the Prime Minister in his initiative they
must also support him in his struggle against his right wing.

It would be helpful if there was not such a clear-cut division between the NP
on the one hand and the PFP and the English-language Press on the other, but
the problem is that neither the PFP nor the English-language Press are being
honest--they refuse to take a clear stand on what I call the economic costs
of the constitutional reforms.

They have never counted the economic cost of political democratisation.

South Africa is a Third World country, with a dynamic, modern sector. But it
is a very small sector considering that the total population numbers nearly
30-million.

If blacks sit in Parliament they will have the bargaining power to make all
manner of demands. But the tax capacity of the economy sets important limits
on constitutional and political change.

Why did Britain refuse to allow one man one vote in the 1832 Reform Acts?
Because the country was still in the early stages of the industrial revolu-
tion.

It was only during the First World War that Britain and the industrialised
countries got effective universal franchise.

Once a country has an electoral democracy there is inevitably a welfare state--
health, education, welfare spending, medical services. The crucial factor
then is whether it can afford this economic price,

After Versailles, democratic constitutions were granted to all the new
countries in the Balkans and elsewhere, and all, with the exception of
Hungary, became fascist.

The western countries managed to survive democratisation, except Germany,
which could not withstand the economic demands created by a democratic sys-
tem and turned to Nazism.

After the Second World War, democratic systems were granted to Third World
countries, but hardly any of them have remained democracies.

Democracy coupled with a trade union movement generates massive demands
through parliament on the economic system and only highly industrialised
countries are able to support the burden.

South Africa is a limited democracy—limited to the whites. I don't think this
is justified any longer. The base needs to be broadened, but in such a way
and at such a pace that it does not over-stress the economy.

96



vote to two ethnic groups forming part of the black population so as to be
able to mobilize into military service and set them against the national
liberation movement.

This is by way of saying that, if the ANC had been weakened, the racists
would not be resorting to all these tricks.

[Question] The West is granting the apartheid regime one reprieve after
another and is refusing to back the UN decision calling for a freeze on

trade with it. It also thinks it can still bend the current apartheid policy,
bringing Pretoria to adopt reforms likely to democratize it. What do you
think of this approach?

Oliver Tambo: That is a tactical pretext to preserve a status quo which is
procuring enormous economic advantages for the West. Documents condemning
South African and its apartheid policy have been adopted at all international
meetings every year for the past 35 years.

‘People have even gone further and told it that its practices constitute "a

crime against humanity." There is no doubt that international public opinion
and the international community, including its friends, are opposed to the
apartheid policy.

While joining the condemnation of apartheid in words, Pretoria's friends are
still profiting from the situation, selling it arms and earning fabulous
sums. They therefore need this regime.

So why should they exert pressure on it? Can there be pressures if they
reduce profits?

What is the contact group doing, for example? It is trying to take over the
Namibian question from the United Nations. The result is that the Republic
of South Africa has enjoyed another 5 years of occupation of Namibia.

The Western countries have never really wanted change. All that concerns
them is how to preserve their interests.

Only SWAPO, the ANC and the frontline states can exert pressures on South
Africa by armed struggle.

[Question] What is your assessment of Pretoria's diplomatic initiatives
toward the frontline states? Can anything be expected of it?

Oliver Tambo: This is a decision taken by our comrades on the basis of a
profound analysis of the situation.

Those are deliberate tactics.
However, it is impossible to be sure of anything, since we are dealing with
a fascist, racist, expansionist regime with imperialist ambitions in the

region.

That is why Pretoria stops the negotiations at each appropriate moment after
gaining tactical positions.

cso: 3419/750 wv



’ LIBERIA

NATION FIGHTING TO SAVE SHIPPING FLAG
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 6, 16 Mar 83 pp 3-5

[Text] Backed by the US, Liberia is fighting to save its shipping flag. A
final preparatory meeting due in October is to precede a major UNCTAD confer-
ence in early 1984. A decision will probably be taken to phase out flags of
convenience.

The flag of convenience row is basically a north south dispute. For ship-
owners in the West, particularly the US, flags of convenience enable them to
run their vessels without many of the restrictions imposed by their own
national flags. If a US ship flies its own flag, then normally it has to
operate with an American crew. During the present world shipping slump, these
crew costs can be crucial for an owner. Asian crews are far less costly.

The Third World claims that flags of convenience discourage the establishment
of their own national fleets. Third World states generate 90% of the oil
trade and over one-third of dry bulk cargoes. Yet these countries own less
than 6% of the ships which carry these products. If flags of convenience were
abolished, many shipowners operating under these flags could not afford to pay
the higher labour costs of employing western sailors, so some of the vessels
would be sold to Third World nations.

There has been considerable opposition to flags of convenience in the West.
Trade unions argue that wages rates for crews are lower because shipowners can
hire the cheapest labour. The safety record of flag of convenience vessels
has also come under attack. Although Liberia has a better record than Panama,
it still loses twice as many ships as vessels flying national flags.

Liberia, which accounts for three-quarters of flag of convenience vessels,
finds itself defying the rest of the Third World over this issue. This is a
source of considerable embarrassment to the authorities in Monrovia. But be-
cause of Liberia's dependence on the shipping fees, and even more importantly,
its general dependence on the US, the government has been among the staunchest
supporters of flags of convenience.

The company which administers the Liberian shipping flag is the International
Trust Company (ITC), registered in Monrovia. In addition to its shipping in-
terests, the firm has a profitable banking sideline which generated $494,000
from its Liberian operations in 1981.

47



cso:

QUESTION : ANSWER

39. What is their attitude to these 39
proposals?

40. Can the proposals work? 40

41, Will the proposals allow Coloureds 41
and Indians to improve their position
with regard to housing, salaries and
wages, education, sports grounds,
employment opportunities and
discrimination?

42. Will apartheid continue to exist? 42

3400/1119

92

They believe that the proposals offer a
basis for the Coloureds and Indians to
participate in the government of the
country for the first time. Therefore, they
are prepared to negotiate with the
Government on the proposals.

They can work if the Whites do not
consider themselves superior to the
Coloureds and Indians, and if the latter
groups are prepared to co-operate with
the Whites in governing the country.

Without doubt, yes. Coloureds and
Indians will be members of Parliament
and the Goverriment. Therefore, they
will not only be able to state their case at
the highest level of government, but also
have a say in the decisions taken on these
issues.

The Government will not be able to act
unjustly towards anyone on the ground
of his or her colour because everyone will
have a share in decision making.



GABON

MEAT SHORTAGE SINCE MAY 1981 REPORTED
Libreville L'UNION in French 5-6 Mar 83 p 2

[Article by B. Nkogho-Nsekui: "Woleu-Ntem: In One Year City Meat Supply Will
Be More Regular"]

[Text] Since the month of August, 1982, the animal husbandry service in Woleu-
Ntem in the northern part of Bitam Province has a new director. He is Samuel
Assoumou Mba, controller of livestock, who has replaced Antoine Minko Ella, in
this position. Minko Ella had served for nearly 3 years in our area. The
close cooperation developed between Minko Ella and the farmers of Ntem Depart-
ment merited the good reputation which he had in this area. In the words of a
farmer in this city, "We are very sorry to see him go." However, the present
chief of the animal husbandry service is an "experienced" leader with about 20
years of experience in the animal husbandry sector.

At the time he was assigned to the capital of Ntem Department, Assoumou Mba
was returning from a 6-month training program in Egypt. The interview which
we had with him covered essentially the health of livestock in the Woleu area
in the Ntem Department in the northern part of Bitan Province, at a time when
the city meat supply has been facing problems since May, 1981.

For many years the meat supply in Bitam Province was handled by Haoussa Tribes-
men, and particularly Baba Toukour, who brought in Zebu, Ndama, and Baoule cat-
tle from Cameroon and from Chad. For this reason there was little consumption
of fish in Bitam Province. Beef was very much valued by the people, both in
the city and in rural areas. The suspension of this supply system for more
than 2 years was a hard blow for the people, who had a hard time getting used
to the interrutpion. Many people cross the border to Cameroon to buy meat.

It is said that, from time to time, beef is becoming difficult to obtain.

Imports of meat from Cameroon, which were suspended to permit better care of
the livestock there, will be resumed next year. However, this has not stopped
Assoumou Mba from thinking already of the establishment of an experimental
farm in Bitam Province which could take care of the people's needs for meat.

5170
cso: 3419/658

“29



' authoritie:

So far the only political figure accused of involvement in the coup plot is
Christopher Ngaiza, an assistant to the president (with an office in State
House) who headed the Kagera River Basin Development Authority. He has a
power~base among the numerous Haya tribe of the Kagera region in the west.

But as the investigations continue, other politicians may be implicated. Cer-
tainly it is doubtful that the 29 now accused of complicity in the plot make
up all those actually involved. (Last week another businessman was accused,
taking the number formally accused from 28 to 29).

We understand that for some reason at least two senior officers have not been
charged. As can be seen from the footnote, three lieutenant colonels, one
major, eight captains, seven lieutenants and one sergeant comprise the 20
servicemen accused so far. Four of the middle ranks are from the airforce.
There is no discernable tribal allegiance among the 20.

There has been inevitable speculation that the former secretary-general of the
1960s Tanganyika African National Union, Oscar Kambona, was involved from his
exile in London. Pius Lugangila one of the accused, is the only non-resident
among the 29. He has allegedly three addresses in London--hence the supposed
connection with Kambona, who denies any involvement. However, if there was
any significant financial backing needed for the coup attempt, most of it
probably came from local businessmen. Jayantilal Rajani, a prominent Asian
businessman among the accused, is alleged to have provided some finance.

Sympathy. for. the conspirators, insofar as many people want change, is wide-
spread, but falls short of much open hostility to Nyerere himself, who remains
respected if only for his personal commitment and integrity. Yet the economy
continues to collapse. And there is no sign of more than minor shifts in gov-
ernment policy. The government's Structural Adjustment Programme assumes
massive aid and IMF and World Bank loans. The IMF has reduced the severity of
some of the policy conditions it requires of Tanzania, but the government is
far from accepting the 35-50% devaluation and economic liberalisation the IMF
still wants. The moderates in CCM, scared by last year's congress, have made
no headway with arguments for more flexible government policy. In public they
now stress the party line.

Shortages of basic goods will become more acute; prices will continue upwards;
the black market, corruption and crime can also only increase. The continued

absence of a practical agricultural policy, including the lack of incentive to
farmers to grow the cash crops the nation depends on, has forced the _ _
o resort to compulsion in some areas. While popular resignation

is turning to anger, the government seems to be developing a siege mentality.

In a forthcoming issue we will examine the economic crisis in detail.

Footnote
Servicemen

Lieutenant Colonels: Martin Msami; Protas Muchwampaka; Martin Ngalombo.

Major: Revension Mchwampka a

130



ANGOLA

PROSECUTION'S FINAL STATEMENT AT BOMBERS' TRIAL
MB061045 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 6 Apr 83

{Text] In the wake of the trial of the 27 bombers that has been going on
for 9 days at (Sumbe) Town, Cuanza Sul Province, Lt Col (Simao Cafuche), the
prosecutor of the People's Revolutionary Tribunal, in his final statement
yesterday asked for the sentences provided for by the 55th-Article of the
Penal Code in force for the 12 bombers. The defendants. are (Tomas Pinto
Vidro), (Carmona Muhongo), (Domingos Caso Mutamba), (Constantino Cahanga),
(Francisco Capungo Mungongo), (Benjamin Carvalho), Vasco Diquelile),
(Constantino Chitue), (Eduardo Bulica), (Augusto Oliveira Catombu), (Joaquim
Tomas) and (Alfredo da Silva Ribeiro). In terms of the 55th Article they
face possible jail terms ranging from 20 to 24 years or the penalty of
death by firing squad.

As for the accused (Assiz Pedro Tibeiro), (Francisco Rodrigues Tenernte),
(Joao Cambe19 Mambelo), (Joaquim Ernesto Horacio Sote) and (Jose Sadinha),

Lt Col (Cafuche) said that the tribunal should mete out justice in accordance
with the seriousne-s of the crimes of each one of them, in view of their only
slight involvement in terrorist actions. As for the remaining defendants,
the prosecutor for their acquittal.

The trial will continue on Thursday with the passing of sentences, which will
be done by (Adolfo Joao Pedro), the presiding judge of the People's Revolu-

tionary Tribunal. The tribunal consists of presiding Judges (Manuel Bentos)
and (Orlando Rodrigues), and three defense lawyers.

CsO:; 3442/180

13



We must find a credible alternative around Boolell and myself, perhaps Yousouf
Mohamed also, in order to restore the nation's confidence and lift the people's
morale.

[Question] Have you already laid the foundations for such a movement and made
preliminary contacts?’

[Answer] No. Nothing serious ‘has been done yet. The opposition is not yet
ready to move into surprise elections together, It is up to the young to cre-
ate the structures. ,

[Question] In conclusion, Gaetan Duval, what future do you see for Mauritius?

[Answer] I would not like to be a pessimist. One does not have the right to
be a pessimist, but I see a great deal of pessimism around me. If the govern-
ment would demonstrate a little more realism, everything would perhaps not be
lost, but I think that with the current foreign policy, Mauritius has no future.
In the world at present, economy and foreign affairs.go together. There can

be no bicephalism. But: today, we have a prime minister who apparently cares
very little about. the economy, who is still reading his little pink book. We
have a minister of foreign affairs who has gone after glory, a minister of
finance who has rolled up his sleeves, who knows the extent of the difficulties,
but who is still too imbued with the socialist mystique to say to De 1'Estrac:
"Shut up and let me work!" That is the extremely false situation in which we
live. What will come out of it? We shall see.

11,464
CSO: 3419/654

58



"Tt is the will of God that people belonging to the same race should live
together freely," he said. Prince Bhekimpi has been outspoken in his opposi-
tion to the present border between Swaziland and South Africa for many years.

In 1959, he approached the King at Lobamba to express this view and to sug-
gest what should be done to unite the Swazi people on both sides of the
border.

Asked about his recent decision to resign from parliament, the prime
minister said he took this action after the house had refused to extend an
apology to the Queen Regent after members had criticised her speech from
the throne.

In his own experience of almost 20 years, he said he could not recall a
single incident when members criticised the king's speech from the throne
as they did this year.

Prince Bhekimpi was elected to Swaziland's first legislative council in
1964. .

Meanwhile, at the weekend, Prince Bhekimpi addressed a large meeting at his
area, Enkhaba, and formally reported to the elders and his subjects about
his recent appointment. He told the meeting that the responsibilities of
heading the government of this country had not in fact been placed upon his
shoulders as an individual, but upon those of the entire community in his
area.

He said whatever he did as prime minister will not only reflect back to him
as a person, but to the community of his area. "If I failed to carry the
goods home, the blame will not only come to me, but to you here, and if I
did my job well, the credit will come to you and not to me," he told the
meeting.

CsO: 3400/1162

127



inscribed in Danish shipping history and on the side of a Trigon ship after
the sudden name change in Piraeus of the coaster "Sarah Trigon" during an
arms voyage. Since then it has sailed under the name "Sarah Poulsen."

Cargo

In brief the situation looks like this: For a number of years the share-
owned shipping firm Trigon has transported so-called general cargo to South
Africa, among other places. This has taken place under its own name, or
through one of the correspondent. shipowners’ private broker firms

V. Tholanders Eftf., Ajfos or Bulow. The shipments were completely legal
and have not caused other worry than the shareholders’ annual quarrel over
tax returns.

Beginning with Denmark's’ adherence to the UN's binding arms boycott of South
Africa in 1977--and the Royal Danish Decree in May of the following year--
these shipments became illegal when the same general cargo could be in-
cluded under the heading of "weapons, war material and related material of
all kinds."

Before the adoption of the decree the Trigon Shipping Company in 1973 set

up a combined partnership, Trigon Chartering I/S, separate from the parent
company. It was used to accumulate possible extra income from shipments to
South Africa, which suddenly zoomed up with the international price curves.

For a shipment by so-called time charter, Trigon typically received 1400
dollars per ship per day. The funds were deposited in one of the company's
18 accounts in the Handelsbanken. They went for the operation of the ship-
ping company and the surplus was divided among the shareholders.

But in addition to these funds the director of Trigon and the charterer
also received a special 200 dollars per ship per day. With 6 ships on the
South Africa trade this was about 8000 Danish kroner per day.

In addition there was the bonus from chartering the ships of two other
Danish shipowners, Vesta in Svendborg and H. K. Jensen in Farum.

In this way the two shipowners received at least 420,000 dollars unbeknownst
to Trigon's other shareholders. That is in conflict with Trigon Chartering's
contract, in which the two partners pledged themselves to only earn money
from foreign ships which the Vedbaek firm is not managing.

The amounts were paid out in advance to Trigon Chartering I/S and divided
between the two partners via bank accounts in Spain, Luxembourg, Belgium
and the United States.

Payment

During the hearings in Copenhagen City Court 2nd Division the charterer
explained that the extra funds were a bonus to him and the shipowner for

111



"Yes, he is a German."
"What does he do?"

"A little of everything."
"Is he a businessman?"
"Yes, you could say that."
The Businessman

Peter Oscar Mulack is a known figure among international arms dealers,
sometimes better known by his false name Samuel Goldstein. That implies a
Jewish connection, which the white-haired Prussian by no means has.

The 62-year-old multimillionaire lives today in the United States, in the
well-guarded and TV-watched prosperous complex known as "Tower 41" in Miami,
where no visitor is admitted unless escorted by an armed guard.

After flight from an unfinished trial and possible sentence to 18 months
for illegal arms sales to Lebanon's Christian militia, Mulack feels less
welcome in his German fatherland than under Florida's sun where after a
heart operation he is resting with his girlfriend Sigrid Warton in his
seven-room apartment on Pine Tree Drive, or on the large property on Old
Cutlet Bay farther up along the coast.

Like other dealers in explosive hardware Mulack derives comfort from his
alarm systems. After a skirmish with the Bulgarian intelligence service
Mulack now also has direct alarm signals from the apartment and the luxury
cabin cruiser to his private secretary and her husband one mile from there.
No stranger is allowed to touch his car, even if that results in water dam=
age, as the time his basement garage was flooded and his silver-gray
Mercedes damaged, while Mulack himself hid for a short time in the Bahamas
from his Bulgarian trackers.

The Cargo

Mulack's intense relationship with the Bulgarian secret service is a direct
result of his connection to the Trigon Shipping Company in Vedbaek.

Peter Oscar Mulack was the middleman for the sensational export of East
European arms to the apartheid government in South Africa, in which Danish
shipowners played a prominent role. Each cargo had a value of between 8
and 20 million dollars.

The transport was mainly by ship from Trigon or Ajfos, as it was called in
its dealings with Mulack.

113



Minister Urges Party To Prepare 1981 Party Guidelines Implemen-
tation Schedule

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 24 Mar 83)..
Ministry Directs RADO To Send Fertilizer Requirements to TFC

(Mike Sikawa; DAILY NEWS, 25 Mar 83) ....ssseeceeceeee eeceeee 135
Deadline Set for Objections to District Council's Establish-

ment

(DAILY NEWS, 22 Mar 83)..... nce e eee cece eeeeee seeee 137
BET Organized Workship on Export Marketing Research Held

(Elizabeth Marealle; DAILY NEWS, 28 Mar 83).. 138
Sokoine Addresses Party Seminar for Government Leaders

(SUNDAY NEWS, 27 Mar 83) seeee 140

Sokoine's Speech, by Attilio Tagalile.

Sokoine's Address 'Serious, Thought-Provoking",

Editorial

Barbaig Resettlement Program ‘Success’

(DAILY NEWS, 26 Mar 83).....ceeeeeeeeseceeceeee seeececesecee 144
Leaders From Four Regions To Cooperate in Development

(Mangengesa Mdimi; DAILY NEWS, 26 Mar 83).....-sseeeeeeee we. 145
Sweden Agrees To Provide Grant to Research Institutes

(DAILY NEWS, 26 Mar 83)....sceeeeeeeeeees ee eeeseeee 147
Economic Delegation to Uganda

(DAILY NEWS, 28 Mar 83)........06 149
Ministry Clarifies Agricultural Directive to Regions

(DAILY NEWS, 25 Mar 83)....-..4-. 150
Briefs

Cattle From New Zealand 151

ZIMBABWE

"HERALD' Says Nkomo Pressured To Return

(AFP, 12 Apr 83)....... eee e eee e eee e eens bee e een e eee e cece 152
Air Force Reported 'On the Verge of Collapse'

(SUNDAY TIMES, 10 Apr 83).......+. see e eee e eee eee eee eene 154
Briefs

Mining Exploration 155

New Appointments Announced 155

-f-



QUESTION

15.

20.

2

22.

2:

»

24.

25.

26.

27.

Will the Chambers of Indians and
Coloureds be subordinate to that of
the Whites?

. Will the Coloured Chamber not be

just another Coloured Representative
Council (CRC)?

| What powers will the Indian and

Coloured Chambers have?

. And laws that affect everyone?

. How will the three Chambers of

Parliament co-operate to make laws?

Will Indians and Coloureds therefore
be involved in the process of resolving
differences between the three

Chambers?

What happens if the three Chambers
fail to resolve their differences on a
particular bill?

What is the President's Council?

Will Indians and Coloureds therefore
be involved in the final decision of the
President’s Council?

Who will be the head of the country?

How will the President be elected?

Will Indians and Coloureds therefore
be involved in the election of the
President?

The Whites will constitute a majority
in the electoral college. Does this not
mean that the President will always be
White?

90

ANSWER

15 No

16 No, the Chamber will be part of the
Parliament

17 The Chambers will be able to pass laws
affecting the Indians and Coloureds
exclusively

18 The Indian and Coloured Chambers will
make such laws in conjunction with the
White Chamber

19 Before the three Chambers pass
legislation, committees representing all
three Chambers will first examine the
legislation in order to resolve any
disputes between Indians, Coloureds and
Whites.

20 Yes

21 The President's Council will give 4 final
decision

22 It is an advisory body comprising

Indians, Coloureds and Whites.

23 Yes

24 The President

The three Chambers of Parliament
delegate some of their members toa body
which will elect the President.

25

26 Yes

27 Probably, but that is the situation at
present too. The new dispensation will at
least give Indians and Coloureds the
opportunity of participating in the
election of the President on an equitable
basis.



that country. The United States is out not only to protect its direct invest-
ments in the country but to prevent the liberation forces of El Salvador from
freeing their country from the domination of imperialism and thereby setting
another unwanted example to countries in a similar position, as Cuba,
Nicaragua, and Grenada have all done. American leaders, under the grip of
their domino theory, fear that countries like Honduras, Guatemala and Costa
Rica and those of the South American continent as well will follow the path
of liberation if the people of El Salvador achieve victory.

A recent edition of NEWSWEEK Magazine, that of 21 March 1983, reveals a
comprehensive plan hatched by the United States, under which 10,000 or more
troops of the repressive regime of El Salvador are to be set on the libera=
tion forces to search and destroy guerrillas, defeat or drive them away. The
plans are said to have social and economic aspects to pacify the people. But
few persons will be deceived given the experience of the ruling regimes of
El Salvador and the little or no interest that imperialism shows for the
welfare of the people.

Only last month, President Reagan asked the U.S. Congress for an additional
$110 million in military aid to the Salvadoran government plus $67 million
in economic assistance. But from all indications, the United States will
continue to provide military hardware, vehicles, planes, guns and rockets,
training and advice for the repression of the Salvadoran people. Despite
all the atrocities of the ruling regime of El Salvador and the support of
the United States for it, the liberation forces of the country are making
steady advances in the struggle for freedom. The FMLN especially is scoring
more victories in the liberation war extending the liberated territories
tearing apart the regime forces and demoralizing them. Though the struggle
is being carried on under extremely difficult conditions, with the unity of
forces, revolutionary commitment, mass support and determination the
liberation forces of El Salvador will emerge victorious. The people of Ghana
and other countries throughout the world can and must contribute to that
struggle through a demonstration of anti-imperialist solidarity.

Salvadorans Seek Anti-U.S. Help
AB100701 Accra Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 10 Apr 83

[Text] A representative of the General Association of University Students
in El Salvador has appealed to the people and government of Ghana to oppose
direct U.S. intervention in the civil war raging in that Central American
country.

The Salvadorian student leader, Antonio (Heirera), told the solidarity meet-
ing at the Accra Community Center yesterday that the main threat facing the
people of El Salvador is possible direct U.S. military intervention in sup-
port of the extreme right-wing military junta against nationalist guerrilla
forces.. Already, the U.S. Government gives political, military and finan-
cial support to the junta which is waging an oppressive war against
nationalist forces led by the Farabondo Marti National Liberation Front.



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MINING EXPLORATION--MINING exploration has virtually come to a standstill in
Zimbabwe and the long-term future of the mining industry is threatened because
new ore bodies are needed to replace those that are nearing the end of their
lifespan. At the end of 1982 about 40 exclusive prospecting orders (EPOs)
were current. None have been applied for since, says a spokesman for the
Department of Geological Survey. And, more to the point, little work is going
on at the EPO areas, the Chamber of Mines' chief executive, Mr Ken van der
Plank, confirmed last week. The reason for the cut in exploration expenditure
is the recession and poor commodity prices. Mr Van der Plank said: "Compan-
ies are struggling for survival, they have a cash flow problem and have cut
back on everything except essentials. Locally based companies have virtually
suspended exploration, development and capital expenditure schemes including
housing programmes." The stoppage in exploration programmes, he said, "does-
n't mean much at this point, but it will in the long-term. The mining indus-
try needs exploration operations and a certain percentage of successful ex-
ploration to keep going". Among EPO holders are such major companies as Rio
Tinto, Anglo American, Shell, BP and Goldfields, Minerals for which they in-
tended to explore include gold, precious stones, nickel, copper, lead and
zinc. [Text] [Harare SUNDAY MAIL in English 20 Mar 83 p 3]

NEW APPOINTMENTS ANNOUNCED--The office of the prime minister has announced
the following appointments. The Secretary to the Prime Minister, Dr Utete,
has been appointed secretary to the cabinet. Mr (Heljisi), formerly secre-
tary to the cabinet, has been appointed permanent secretary in the ministry
of justice. Those appointments are with effect from the beginning of this
month. Dr Utete has been secretary to the prime minister since 1981 and has
received various cabinet offices since 1979. [Text] [MB111847 Harare
Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 11 Apr 83]

csO: 3400/1161 END

155



SOUTH AFRICA

WALVIS BAY BECOMES SA NATIONAL SECURITY POINT 1 MARCH
Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 31 Mar 83 p 24

[Text] Walvis Bay was shrouded in heavy fog early on Sunday morning. There
was no sign of life. A reporter stopping at the Police checkpoint at the
Port, was told that he could no longer enter the harbour area’ without a
permit.

At first the poor man thought that such a regulation was only applicable on
him, and being one of the “Outcasts of Society", he took it in a spirit of
resignation.

Then however, he learned that everyone entering the harbour area as from
March 1, of this year, required a permit. Even people working permanently in
the Port, inclusive of the skippers of tugs and the pilots are required to
have these documents, It even applied to the Port Captain.

The reason seems to be security. When a reporter called at the Railway Police,
the two young men on duty were friendly and helpful. They asked the reporter
whether he had a movie camera on him and when he said only a normal camera,

he was told that he could enter and was given a permit.

In port, there was absolutely nothing that he could find that could possibly
justify classification. The work at the extension of the quay on the eastern
section is continuing after a severe breakdown when engineers struggled to

sort out a foundation problem. It became apparent that the foundation down

on the seabed could not take the heavy concrete of the quay and modifications
were called for. Even the pleasure cruiser, Oryx--otherwise known as the
patrol boat of the fishing port--was not in port--probably on a pleasure cruise.

Movie Cameras Not Permitted Since the Promulgation
[photo omitted]

[Caption] An unusual picture, taken in heavy fog of the tugs Danie Hugo, left,
and the Sturrock, making steam early on Sunday morning, 24 hours prior to the
arrival of the tanker Mobil Refiner from Durban. She was scheduled to start
discharging a cargo of oil on Monday afternoon. In the background, the Spanish
refrigerated vessel Sierra Luna, which discharged a consignment of refrigerated
fish, which is being stored in the coolrooms of SWA Cold Storage--for we have no
beef to export and the coolrooms are only used fractionally, mostly by foreign
factory ships and trawlers.

122
cso: 3400/1136



Scale Down Standards

Even modest reforms in South Africa would-make it necessary for whites to scale
down their standard of living over the next 10 or 20 years by at least 20
percent; that would be the price we would have to pay for a modest process of
democratisation.

If coloureds and Indians acquired bargaining power on a Parliamentary level—-
and blacks for what it is worth on a confederal level——and if we wanted to
spend adequately on education and on improving their quality of life, whites
would not .be able to maintain their present position of privilege and protec-
tion.

The way the English-language Press talks, one would imagine that if apartheid
were to be lifted tomorrow, the economy would jump like a jack out of a box
and there would be 10 or 15 percent growth.

There could instead be a breakdown. Even at a 15 percent growth rate, the
economy would be overstrained under the demands that would come from whites
and democratised blacks.

What we are engaged in, I hope, is structural’ reform that will at the same time
clip the wings of the bargaining groups to stabilise the situation.

Dismantling Our Structure

Apartheid is more than a policy. It's a structure. And it's not possible to
abolish a structure overnight.

All we can do is to start dismantling our structure over a very, very long
period,

But there is no realisation of this among English-speakers--that it will
necessarily have to be a long and painful process, even for the richest whites,
and possibly particilarly for them. The problems of South Africa cannot be
solved by economic growth alone.

Consider the gap between State expenditure on whites and blacks. To close the
gap, Government spending would have to be at least one-and-a-half times the
GNP and this is just not possible.

For every R800 spent on a white child, less than $100 is spent on an black
child. We must close the education gap as quickly as possible.

Our growing economy needs all the skilled people it can get. We have simply
not spent enough on blacks. But that kind of expenditure would put a heavy
burden on the whites. Yet it will have to be undertaken: not for humanitarian
reasons--we are not at that point yet--but to keep the wheels of this capital-
ist economy turning.

97



GUINEA-BISSAU

FOREIGN MINISTER HAILS UPCOMING OAU SUMMIT
ABO71608 Paris AFP in French 1400 GMT 7 Apr 83

[Text] Bissau, 7 Apr (AFP)--Samba Lamine Mane, Guinea~Bissau's foreign af-
fairs minister, hailed the coming OAU Summit Conference scheduled for June
in Addis Ababa at a dinner offered in honor of Congolese Minister of Foreign
Affairs Pierre Nze, who has been in Bissau since Wednesday.

The holding of this summit will contribute to the cohesiveness of the pan-
African organization and corresponds, Mr Mane added, to a historic imper-
ative to which subscribe all African states engaged in the struggle for the
total liberation of the African Continent.

Mr Mane felt that the OAU's current difficulties are not unconnected with a
destabilization movement aimed at dividing Africa and undermining the African
Continent.

He further stressed that the Congolese minister's trip to Bissau is evidence
of the excellent relations between the Congo and Guinea-Bissau and that this
trip will offer the opportunity to discuss African problems and bilateral co-
operation.

In turn, the Congolese foreign minister denounced the apartheid regime in
South Africa, reaffirmed his unflinching support for the liberation movements
of South Africa and Namibia and for the Saharan people, the PLO and the front-
line countries who are victims of acts of aggression as well as for the people
of East Timor and Lebanon.

CSO: 3419/743

37