244072

JPRS 83796

29 June 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2816

19980716 164

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JPRS 83796

29 June 1983

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2816

FBIS] FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2816

CONTENTS

JP#S 837 96

2 9 June 1983

ANGOLA

Briefs

Official's Visit to GDR, SFRY

CONGO

Problems Hindering Effectiveness of State Enterprises

Noted

(MWETI, 21 May 83)

FRG Cooperation Agreement Signed

(BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI, 23 May 83)

Minister, PRC Ambassador Visit Hydro-Electric Power Plant

Site

(ETUMBA, 28 May 83)

ETHIOPIA

Briefs

Protocol With USSR

Accord Signed With Congo

Agreement With SFRY

IVORY COAST

Progress Toward Self-Sufficiency in Production Noted

(AFRICA, Apr 83)

LESOTHO

Jonathan on Ties With PRC, USSR, DPRK, SFRY

(Maseru Domestic Service, 9 Jun 83) , 13

- a - [III - NE & A - 120]
Minister Replies to Critics of PRC Ties

(Maseru Domestic Service, 11 Jun 83) 14

Minister Repeats Stance on Socialist Bloc Ties

(Maseru Domestic Service, 16 Jun 83) 15

Government Scores Paper Over Communist Ties

(Maseru Domestic Service, 16 Jun 83) 16

Government Denies Church Against Socialist Ties

(Maseru Domestic Service, 17 Jun 83) 18

Briefs

Jonathan Seeking Ties With East 19

MP Scores Proposed Reconciliation Act 19

MOZAMBIQUE

Briefs

Equipment From Soviets 20

Bulgarian Zoological Expedition 20

NAMIBIA

NIGER

No Elections Forecast While SWAPO Exists

(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 4 Jun 83) 21

Editorial Scores Budget, Government 'Cuckoos'

(WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 11 Jun 83) 23

FRG-Financed Road to Upper Voltan Frontier Opened

(LE SAHEL, 30 May 83) 25

SOUTH AFRICA

Country Reported Sending Mercenaries Into Zimbabwe

(Michelle Faul; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 15 May 83) 27

Terrorist Arrests Along All Borders Cited

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 16 Jun 83) 29

Universities Warned Against Racial Quotas

(RAND DAILY MAIL, 16 Jun 83) 30

Paper Says Namibian Plan Repeats Past Failures

(RAND DAILY MAIL, 14 Jun 83) 32

- b -
Conference Calls for 'Socialist Republic'

(Patrick Laurence; RAND DAILY MAIL, 13 Jun 83) 33

Briefs

Methodist Rejects Reform Proposals 35

ANC Leader in Addis Ababa 35

Bishop Calls for Total Freedom 35

Alternatives to Violence 36

Buthelezi Remarks in Netherlands Reported 36

Blacks To Stay in Cape 36

SWAZILAND

ZAIRE

Delegates Disappointed by Customs Meeting

(THE SWAZI OBSERVER, 10 Jun ..83) 37

New Book Fuels Feud Between Karl I Bond, Mungul-Idaka

(LE SOIR, 16 May 83) 39

ZIMBABWE

Minister Defends Nation's Links With IMF

(Lynda Loxton; THE HERALD, 2 Jun 83) 41

Briefs

Mineral Survey Agreement 43

Swedish Development Aid 43

- c
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

OFFICIAL'S VISIT TO GDR, SFRY—Luanda, 16 Jun (ANGOP)—Angolan Secretary of

State for Veterans Jose Domingos Francisco Tuta returned to Luanda yesterday

at the end of a European tour which brought him successively to the GDR and

Yugoslavia. The tour was at the invitation of the German minister of health and

of the Yugoslav veterans organization. In a statement to ANGOP shortly after

his arrival in Luanda, the Angolan secretary of state said Yugoslavia helps some

veterans and that "we were able to see that veterans' rehabilitation is carried

out under the best conditions." The purpose of his visit to the GDR and to

Yugoslavia was to exchange experiences in the field of the veterans organization. He also said Angola would like to procure equipment from these two

countries for the physical rehabilitation of veterans. He added, however, that

no agreement was signed with the two countries during his visit. jText]

IAB161658 Luanda ANGOP in French 1215 GMT 16 Jun 83^

CSO: 3419/983
CONGO

PROBLEMS HINDERING EFFECTIVENESS OF STATE ENTERPRISES NOTED

Brazzaville MWETI in French 21 May 83 p 1, 3

[Article by C B: "Painstaking Assessment of State Enterprises Continues"]

[Excerpt] No one will be surprised to learn that the

situation in the state enterprises is high on the list

of concerns of the political leadership. Last Friday

at the enlarged joint meeting of the Politburo and

the Government the establishment of the state pilot

enterprise was announced, fulfilling Law No 13/81 of

14 March 1981, providing the charter for state enterprises. While the official texts have not yet been

promulgated by the people's national assembly, it is

already clear that the political leadership's concerns

are focused on improving efficiency, the managing

director's freedom of action, protection of the

interests of the state as public authority and most

of all as the owner of the enterprise, and reaffirmation of state control.

The adoption of the charter for state enterprises on 14 March 1981 sounded the

death-knell for the last remaining obstacles to the establishment of these

economic units. Right from the state Article 7 set forth the requirement

that every such enterprise must have, in its organic statute, the following

provisions: definition, objective, headquarters, trusteeship, administrative

organs, financial and accounting provisions, authority for disposition and

liquidation.

It is well know that a number of enterprises, in the first few years after

starting up, have been without the statutes and regulations regarding financial procedures that could have facilitated their operations. The absence of

a precise definition of objectives also complicated the development of such

units soon after the release of the original subvention, which on occasion did

not take into account all the parameters of the intended objective.

Under Title III, enterprises were required to have a board of directors that

would meet twice a year in regular session. The board would include representatives of the following six partners: the party, the executive branch

of the government, the labor confederation, the UJSC [Union of Congolese
Socialist Youth], the URFC [Revolutionary Union of Congolese Women] and

UNEAC [National Union of Congolese Writers and Attists]; it would also

have five other partners in a consultative capacity: the people's national

assembly, the National Administration Center, the National Board of Inspectors, the Congolese Sinking Fund, the State Auditor, and the Ministry of

Labor.

The text now being prepared replaces the 60-member board of directors with

a 12-member board. The great innovation is that the managing director of

the enterprise will serve as the head of the board of directors. The

commentary adds that this provision gives the minister who in the past severed as the chairman of the board "the leeway he needs in order to carry out

in an impartial and thus rigorous manner his task of guiding and regulating."

The second innovation in the text now under preparation is the reduction of

the membership of the board from 60 to 12. Experience has shown that the

old formula tended to turn the boards into debating societies or congresses.

As can be clearly seen in the report of the enlarged joint meeting of the

Politburo and the Government, state control over the pilot enterprise and

the reorganized enterprises is reasserted. Even though it no longer has

a direct role in approving expenditures, it remains accountable to a greater

extent than in the past for any commitments for expenditures, since henceforth the enterprise must get the board of directors to approve its annual

report.

These innovations followed logically from two conclusions reached during the

lengthy 1979 debates on reform of the state enterprises: the definition of

the juridical framework in which the state enterprises were to develop,

and their profit earning capacity based on accumulation, permitting the

public Sector to establish other revenue-earning entities.

Indeed, the number one theme of that historic debate was precisely the fact

that the state enterprise has first of all and above all an economic role

to play: that of creating capital and contributing to the economic and

social development of the country. "The effort to turn a profit should be

a systematic one, being the sine qua non condition for the operation, indeed

for the existence, of the state enterprise. Profit is as essential to the

enterprise as the wage is to the worker, in that it is the source of capital

accumulation, which itself creates jobs."

If the state enterprise is turned into a charitable institution, as the study

on this subject commented, then'it is the state itself—and by extention the

people as a whole—which must make up the difference between what it spends

and what it produces or earns.

Under theme number eight, concerning finance policy, it was clearly stipulated

that financial profitability was the criterion for any actions taken, and

that the enterprises should be properly capitalized. Moreover, it was

stipulated that when they apply for bank loans or supplier loans, the liquid

total of their floating assets should be more or less equal to their shortterm indebted liability.
While it is perhaps possible that the local banks have changed somewhat in

their attitudes, one should not forget the criticism made of them in the

past; that they have tied up 100 percent of the value of their documentaryletters of credit for the benefit of just those operations that brought them

the most profit.

In short, the conference diagnosed all the ills that were impeding the

operations of the state enterprises.

9516

CSO: 3419/966
CONGO

FRG COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED

Brazzaville BULLETIN QUOTIDIEN DE L'ACI in French 23 May 83 p 3

/Text/ A financial accord between the RPC /^Congolese People's Republic7

and the FRG was signed last Saturday. Under the terms of that accord, the

West German Government pledges to provide a loan of DM 8.5 million (Fr

CFA 1.950 million), through the Kreditanstalt Fur Wiederaufbau (Institute

for Construction Financing), Frankfurt-am-Main.

The loan proceeds will go to the State Cement Works at Loutete, CIDOLOU

(DM 5.5 million), and to the Transcongolese Communications Agency, ATC

(DM 3 million).

However, the agreement provides that proceeds could be allotted to other

enterprises after consultations between thw two partners, the RPC and the

FRG. The Congolese side was represented at the signing ceremony by

Comrade Abel Wilson Ndessabeka, general secretary for cooperation, and the

German side by Dr Armin Hiller, West Germany's ambassador to the Congo.

9516

CSO: 3419/966
CONGO

MINISTER, PRC AMBASSADOR VISIT HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT SLTE

Brazzaville ETUMBA in French No 698, 28 May 83 p 1

[TextJ On the morning of 12 May Comrade Aime-Emmanuel Yoka, special representative of the president for cooperation, visited Imboulou with His

Excellency Hu Sudu, the ambassador of the People's Republic of China /FRO]

to the Congo.

Located about 170 km north of Brazzaville and 14 km from the confluence of

the Lefini and Congo rivers, Imboulou has been chosen as a suitable site for

hydro-electric works on the Lefini River. The power this plant is expected

to generate is between 100 and 300 megawatts, as the annualized average flow

of the Lefini at Imboulou is 496 cubic meters per second.

The site at Imboulou will be equipped with a 100 megawatt capability in two

installments, of which the first will be 75 megawatts, which will utilize

a significant part of the current's potential. To obtain 100 megawatts at

the site, the dam will be at a height of 308.5 meters above the downstream

water level, providing for a flow rate of 700 cubic meters per second.

It should be noted that the site is already the subject of expert evaluation

by Chinese technicians, who have found that the topographic, geologic and

hydro-geologic studies previously carried out by the Swiss company, Unefico,

for the Ministry of Mines and Energy, have provided a generally sufficient

basis for the decision to go ahead with implementation of the project.

Complementary studies by Chinese technicians have nevertheless been ordered,

in order to solve all the other problems the site poses. In that regard,

a Chinese mission is expected to arrive in June.

The project will cost Fr CFA 47 billion, and the funding will be provided by

the Congolese and Chinese. The investment shares will be decided by Comrade

Aime-Emmanuel Yoka's next visit to the PRC.

Finally, the dam will initially support ^ter to the Brazzaville region.

Xhe Plateaux and Cuvette regions will not be able to use the hydraulic energy

produced at Imboulou until the second phase.

9516

CSO: 3419/966
ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

PROTOCOL WITH USSR—The Minister for Physical Planning and Construction

Tadese Kidane-Mariam today disclosed that a one-year protocol agreement, which

will also serve to strengthen the existing cooperative planning agreement, had

been signed with the USSR. 'J Summary] LD120210 Addis Ababa Domestic Service

in Amharic 1700 GMT 8 Jun 83]

ACCORD SIGNED WITH CONGO—A joint cooperation accord was today signed by the

Congolese Party of Labor and COPWE. Comrade Legese Asfaw, PMAC Standing Committee and COPWE Executive Committee member, signed on behalf of COPWE. Comrade Pierre Nze, officer in charge of external relations of the Congolese

Party of Labor and foreign minister, signed on behalf of Congo. I Summary]

[EA150512 Addis Ababa Domestic Service in Amharic 1700 GMT 14 Jun 83]

AGREEMENT WITH SFRY—A fifteen clause cooperation agreement for 1983 and 1984

was signed today between the socialist governments of Ethiopia and Yugoslavia.

The spheres of cooperation include exchange of information in the political,

social, economic, and cultural fields. JSummary] IEA180412 Addis Ababa Domestic Service in Amharic 1700 GMT 17 Jun 83]

CSO: 3403/52
IVORY COAST

PROGRESS TOWARD SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN PRODUCTION NOTED

Dakar AFRICA in French Apr 83 pp 101, 103-104

[Text] Fate singled out a planter, Felix Houphouet-Boigny, to preside over the

destinies of Ivory Coast. Quite naturally, agriculture was therefore foremost

in his concerns, well ahead of the rapid industrialization of the country that

had been advocated by some economists since independence in 1960 when the

turnover for produce did not reach 6 billion CFA francs.

Their arguments were not without substance. Giving priority to agriculture would,

in their opinion, tie the prosperity of Ivory Coast to the whims of weather

changes with periods of great drought succeeding excessive rains. Agriculture,

in addition to these risks, must be concerned with the fluctuations in world

prices—which cannot be controlled—of its industrial commodities. Lastly,

industrial commodities, more so than agricultural raw materials can bring to

the state treasury the necessary foreign currency enabling its economy to get

off the ground.

The "Old One" did not give up!

Industry was all right but only on condition that it be developed subject to

the valorization of agriculture.

For all that, profit was to be the goal and indeed, 8 years after independence,

the total income of producers increased by 40 percent going from 20 to 34

billion CFA francs. This result, which went beyond the most optimistic

forecasts, was achieved thanks to the Stabilization Fund which—it can never

be overstressed—was one of the essential factors in launching the

development of the Ivory Coast.

The Stabilization Fund enabled the development of a "mass" agriculture that

yielded a direct profit to the planters who, finding motivation for farming

their land, were thus in a better position to resist the lures of escapism

offered by the large urban centers, especially by Abidjan.

Its essential function—it will be seen that it is not the only one—is to

guarantee the peasant a stable and profitable income. How is this achieved?

Where does the Fund obtain the means needed for its intervention?
On the basis of the bottom price guaranteed the producer, it imposes a levy

on exported commodities. The levy is not systematic; it depends on the world

prices, and the Fund must, in the event of a drop in price, draw on its own

reserves so as to guarantee a minimum income to the planter. The levy is

computed on the basis of the difference between the CAF selling price abroad and

the CAF cost price.

Thus does the Fund obtain the means to accumulate financial profits and therefore

to build up monetary reserves. For the peasant, such reserves are the guarantee

that his products will be bought at minimum price.

During a whole season, he is protected against price fluctuations and we know

how much he has been able to appreciate this intervention during the past 5

years.

Houphouet's Challenge

However, the Stabilization Fund goes beyond fulfilling the role of price

regulator, on the basis of a guaranteed minimum. It finances timely immediate

or long term operations for a better yield on commodities, improvement of

their quality, methods, modern crops, rehabilitation of plantations,

agricultural research, etc.

This second aspect of the Fund's activities, just as much as its stabilization

function, enabled it to play a very important part among the factors that

brought about the fantastic development of the country.

This should be stressed during these lean times when the Fund must do its

utmost to offset the disasters encountered in the sales of coffee and cocoa.

The Fund enabled the country to get rich: Ivory Coast also owes to it the fact

that it did not collapse during the bad times of these past years.

Before the Fund had been able to intervene, the country had to produce on the

basis of the inheritance left by the colonial regime. We therefore go back to

1960. Since the independence, it became necessary to draw an inventory of

the possibilities of production at the time.

In 1881, a pioneer called Verdier established in the southeast the first coffee

plantation and, 19 years later, he was exporting 22 tons of it.

Today, on over some 1,200,000 hectares, 300,000 tons of coffee are produced for

the benefit of 2,350,000 people involved directly or indirectly in its

cultivation or sale.

Cocoa production in 1960 was well over 100,000 tons, but Ghana alone produced

more than 500,000 tons. One remembers the famous 1965 challenge of President

Houphouet-Boigny to the Osageyfo. As early as 1980, the production of cocoa in

Ghana had diminished by half and that of Ivory Coast had reached 370,000 tons.

Thus it became quite unobtrusively the first world producer of cocoa. There are

700,000 Ivorians involved in cocoa production which accounts, by itself, for

900,000 hectares of plantations.
Together with coffee and cocoa, lumber represented a solid asset widelyworked on during the colonial period. The tradition was carried on after

1960, on a larger scale.

In 1960, timber accounted for a quarter of all exports. Today, it has settled

to about 12 percent. In 1976, log production reached the all-time record of

5,241,000 cubic meters. Far from spelling good news the figure is rather

frightening.

At the beginning of colonization, Ivory Coast had 16 million hectares of forests;

there are only 4 million left today. Such then was the colonial inheritance which,

as we briefly saw, was made to yield results to the point of producing the

illusion of a "miracle." At the time of independence, coffee accounted for

62 percent of the agricultural production and cocoa for 22 percent.

The Diversification Bet

These two figures worried the economists who were aware of the setbacks suffered

by single-crop countries, especially in South America. It was thus decided

to make a special effort at diversification: rubber trees, palms, coconuts,

pineapples, bananas, sugar.

After humble beginnings, rubber production is carried on today on several tens

of millions of planted hectares representing investments of more than 20

billion. Yearly production exceeds 40,000 tons. As to the oil-seeds, they

represent the best achievement of the diversification policy. Regular palm

production amounts to about a million tons, yielding nearly 200,000 tons of oil.

Thus Ivory Coast became, in this field, the world's third largest producer.

In the same way, coconut plantations have been well developed all along the coast,

with a copra production reaching over 30,000 tons.

Lastly, in this sector soya deserves special mention. Ten seed farms will very

soon be able to produce nearly a million tons of oil-cakes (200,000 for local

consumption by cattle and 800,000 tons for export).

Banana production was relatively important in 1960: 88,000 tons. Its record

figure was achieved in 1972 with 212,000 tons. As to the pineapple production,

it keeps growing at a steady pace. Production was increased 16-fold since

the independence (over 300,000 tons).

The diversification picture would be incomplete if we omitted cotton. Its growth

is regular and spectacular: 65,000 tons in 1976, 75,000 tons in 1977, 102,000

tons in 1978, 115,000 tons in 1979, and 143,000 tons in 1980.

Lastly, the creation of six sugar complexes henceforth enables Ivory Coast to

easily meet local demand: 100,000 tons. Since 1980, Ivory Coast exports

sugar. It is a daring venture, but everything seems to indicate that it will

be a winning one, just as was the case with the diversification bet.

In 1960, coffee and cocoa amounted to 84 percent of agricultural production.

Today, the total of the two commodities accounts for less than 66 percent.

10
The Cocoa Crisis

At this stage of its development, the economy was seriously hurt by a recession

in the coffee market and even more so by cocoa. As we know, in 1979 the

producing and consuming countries were not able to agree on a bottom price.

Cocoa prices dropped disastrously and Ivory Coast decided to freeze its

exports. Under the circumstances, the country proved its mettle and the

buyers were surprised by its stocking capacities. Unfortunately, it was not

followed in its action by the other producing countries who agreed to sell at

rock-bottom prices. Ivory Coast suffered the shock of losing over 500 billion

CFA francs. It needed a strong back to withstand it. And it withstood.

At that point, it did not have to shift gears, but rather to look for a new way

adapted to the situation created for it by the stock exchanges of the world.

It had to avoid depending on foreign countries, were it only for its daily

existence; it was necessary to ensure food self-sufficiency. After all, to

paraphrase Gargantua: "Woe to the heart of him who cannot eat." To eat is

essential.

Food Self-Sufficiency

Statistics tell us that bread is at the top of the staples' list, all over

the country. This could make us sceptical about tomorrow's food selfsufficiency.

There is no ground for worry since bread is an exception. People still consume

about 2,500,000 tons of yams, manioc, plantain bananas (nearly 3 million tons

for the last two commodities), taro, and especially rice. On the basis of local

consumption at the time of the independence, it had been thought possible to

reach rapidly self-sufficiency in this commodity. However, between 1960 and

1970, rice consumption increased threefold, from 20 to 60 kg per year per person.

The government strongly encourages this crop in order to satisfy its top-level

needs, around 500,000 tons of paddy-rice. Maize is also appreciated—about

350,000 tons—as well as, in lesser quantities, millet and sorghum.

We must also point out the fantastic development of market-garden produce not

only in the lower coast, around Abidjan, but all the way to the north, in

Boundiali, for instance, where the tomatoes could shame the greengrocers

of the Provence markets. Food self-sufficiency has become one of the priorities

of the government, and the latest ministerial department—the secretariat of state

for agriculture—devotes most of its efforts to this purpose.

Studying Ivorian agricultural policy during the past 20 years, one cannot fail

to perceive how pragmatic were those who inspired it.

Diversification was a fundamental necessity to avoid the risks of single-crop

economy. It was carried on a large scale, and, rightly so, in the most diverse

fields, such as oil, cotton and rubber. With the help of the Stabilization Fund,

that policy produced fruits worthy of a model orchard.

11
At the peak of euphoria—indeed the Ivorians got somewhat drunk on their

success—came cocoa and coffee crises, arbitrarily imposed from the London or

New York stock markets. People then started to fear the worst for relations

and it was necessary to withdraw into oneself.

Not to depend on others became imperative, at least for the daily "Foutou."

The goal was food self-sufficiency and it was thus that the all-out agriculture

of the first years of independence was succeeded by the policy of "eating one's

fill" with one's own means...the policy of the full bowl!

12307

CSO: 3419/901

12
LESOTHO

JONATHAN ON TIES WITH PRC, USSR, DPRK, SFRY

MB 150856 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 9 Jun 83

[Text] The prime minister, the Right Honorable Dr Leabua Jonathan, yesterday

piloted the parliament bill in its second reading in the interim National Assembly. The bill is a major step to clear the way for the holding of general

elections in Lesotho. The parliament bill provides for a two-chamber parliament consisting of a Senate of principal and (?ward) chiefs and a house of

representatives.

Speaking on the bill, the prime minister said that its adoption would bring to

an end the life of the current interim National Assembly which was established

in 1973 and would pave the way for elections which would be held after a

population census was taken and delimitation of the constituencies carried out.

The prime minister expressed the hope that external forces would not interfere

with the elections and equally rejected suggestions for the supervision of the

elections by the United Nations or any other external organization. He stressed

that Lesotho is an independent and sovereign state.

Dr Jonathan told the National Assembly that everybody is free to participate

in the elections and that Lesotho exiles such as Mr Mokhehle still have the

opportunity to come back home under the Amnesty Law of 1980.

Referring to his recent visits to the East, he told parliament that Red China,

Russia, and North Korea had taken a decision to open up residential missions

in Maseru with immediate effect, while Yugoslavia would do so as soon as possible. The called upon the minister of interior, the Honorable Sekhonyana

Maseribane, to identify new sites for setting up diplomatic missions in Maseru.

The prime minister told the assembly that the decision to open up diplomatic

relations with Russia and Red China was based on the fact that both countries

were permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, with a population exceeding by far that of Europe and North America put together.

CSO: 3400/1523

13
LESOTHO

MINISTER REPLIES TO CRITICS OF PRC TIES

MG110956 Maseru Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 11 Jun 83

[Text] The minister of agriculture and marketing, the honorable Peete N. Peete,

has accused the LESEL1NYANA newspaper of hypocrisy and double standards

for accusing the government of breaking ties with Taiwan when it did not praise

the government for establishing ties with that country before.

Officially opening the Mahlomong communal gardens yesterday, the minister

said due to its unfounded hatred for the government, LESELINYANA saw white

as black where the interest and good name of the government is concerned

and is committed to those who want to overthrow the government by whatever

means. He assured LESELINYANA that is is bound to fail in this mission. He

said self-seeking politicians, some of whom are surrogates of foreign powers,

should not be allowed to experiment with the lives and territorial integrity

and sovereighty of Lesotho.

The present government, he said, under the able leadership of the prime minister, Dr Leabua Jonathan, has proved its usefulness in services to the needs

of the Basotho by developing all parts of the country. In this regard, he

referred to the improved roads network, expanded schooling in church and government schools, extended health services, and job opportunities through

expanded commercial and industrial activities. On the contrary, opposition

politicans offered promises which they have not and will not fulfill.

Above all, the minister emphasized that the government had protected and facilitated the development of evangelization and Christianity in Lesothso since its

formation in 1966 and will continue to do so in future with greater vigor and

determination. He said Lesotho's establishment of diplomatic relations with

communist countries will not turn the Basotho into communists, in the same

way that diplomatic relations with Western powers did not turn them into imperialists or colonizers.

He concluded that this noise and unfounded allegations spread out by irrational

politicians and foreign agents that achoed their masters' voices should be

dismissed by the Basotho with contempt and irrelevance and be thrown into the

wastebaskets where they belong.

CSO: 3400/1523

14
LESOTHO

MINISTER REPEATS STANCE ON SOCIALIST BLOC TIES

MB161443 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT 16 Jun 83

[Text] The minister of foreign affairs, the Honorable Resselistitsoe

Sekhonyana, says Lesotho established diplomatic relations with the People's

Republic of China because Lesoth could no longer go on ignoring one-third of

mankind. The minister said this in an interview with Radio Lesotho, yesterday.

Retselistitsoe Sekhonyana pointed out that relations between countries were

dictated by each other's national interests and because the People's Republic

of China had supported Lesotho's cause in the UN Security Council. China is

a permanent member of the Security Council.

The Honorable Sekhonyana stressed that the establishment of diplomatic relations with countries with a socialist orientation is not and was never intended to be at the expense of any country, and added that every country was

free to have diplomatic relations with any other country of its choice.

Retselistitsoe Sekhonyana dismissed as nonsense reports in the South African

news media that the newly established diplomatic relations between Lesotho

and the People's Republic of China, and between Lesotho and the Soviet Union

would substitute economic relationships existing between Lesotho and South

Africa.

CSO; 3400/1523

15
LESOTHO

GOVERNMENT SCORES PAPER OVER COMMUNIST TIES

MB160646 Maseru Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 16 June 83

[Text] The spokesman for the Lesotho Government yesterday criticized the

MOELETSI WA BASOTHO newspaper for its cold war attitude to world politics.

The spokesman was reacting to the editorial of the weekly newspaper MOELETSI

WA BASOTHO of 12 June 1983 in which it asked what Lesotho will in turn give

the communist states for economic assistance the states will give to Lesotho.

MOELETSI WA BASOTHO further suggests that diplomatic relations are only valid

if the two in question are equals in wielding economic power. MOELETSI WA

BASOTHO wants to know what will happen if Lesotho fails to repay the loans

that China will offer to Lesotho.

Reacting to the statement by MOELETSI WA BASOTHO, the government spokesman said

it comes as a surprise for MOELETSI WA BASOTHO today to challenge the Lesotho

Government's move to establish diplomatic relations with the Eastern countries

on the grounds that Lesotho is economically inferior to these countries. He

asked why MOELETSI WA BASOTHO on the same logic has not protested against the

establishment of diplomatic relations with economically powerful Western

countries like the United States of America, Great Britain, and West Germany.

The spokesman added that these Western economic giants have over a long period

provided Lesotho with economic assistance and loans for which MOELETSI WA

BASOTHO has never protested.

The spokesman advised MOELETSI WA BASOTHO to take seriously the prime minister's

explanation, among others, that owing to her geographical position of being

totally surrounded by South Africa, Lesotho needs communication with the outside world, and especially with the big powers who are also members of the

United Nations Security Council, in order to maximize her economic and political benefits. He said the prime minister, the Right Honorable Dr Leabua

Jonathan, has repeatedly emphasized Lesotho's nonaligned posture in international affairs.

He warned MOELETSI WA BASOTHO and other newspapers in the country that Basotho

are well-schooled in politics and that knowledge is no more a monopoly of

the few. Quote: It is an insult on a political independent and sovereign

state for people to say that Lesotho is not fit to relate with any country.

MOELETSI should stop belittling this country and its people as it will come

into a head-on conflict with them. Unquote.

16
The spokesman concluded by wondering whether this insult is really being

hurled by a Mosotho, or whether it comes from a foreigner who is riding on the

back of a Mosotho. If it comes from a Mosotho, it is unfortunate that some

of our people can allow themselves to stoop so low as to be used by foreigners

without shame.

CSO: 3400/1523

17
LESOTHO

GOVERNMENT DENIES CHURCH AGAINST SOCIALIST TIES

MG171420 Maseru Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 17 Jun 83

IText] A Lesotho Government spokesman yesterday rejected a claim that the

Catholic Church was opposed to Lesotho's relations with the socialist countries. The claim is contained in Wednesday's issue of a South African newspaper, THE FRIEND, which reports on the resignation of the former minister of

information and broadcasting, Mr C. D, Molapo, and contextualizes it within

what the paper alleges as, quote, considerable opposition, unquote, from the

Catholic Church to the links with the socialist countries.

Discounting the claim, the spokesman said that it was not true that the Catholic

Church was opposed to Lesotho's relations with the East. He added that while

it could be true that some individuals within the church may have voiced opposition to these relations, it was equally true that other individuals within

the church had also voiced support for the relations, as they fully understand

that, as an independent and sovereign state within the community of nations

with different political and social systems, Lesotho cannot afford to exacerbate her geographical isolation by additionally imposing on herself political

isolation by not relating with other countries of the world. These other members of the church also understand that the establishment of relations with

other countries is a political, not a religious, function.

The spokesman said THE FRIEND, as an integral part of South Africa's propaganda

apparatus, was obviously keen to drive a wedge between the church and the

state in Lesotho, and would leave no stone unturned to achieve this end.

The spokesman concluded by advising South African propaganda mongers to keep

out of Lesotho's affairs and to concentrate on the quagmire of problems created by paratheid and national oppression in South Africa.

CSO: 3400/1523

18
LESOTHO

BRIEFS

JONATHAN SEEKING TIES WITH EAST—Johannesburg, 15 Jun (AFP)—The leader of the

Opposition Lesotho United Democratic Party [LUDP] today charged that the recent visit to communist countries by Lesothan Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan

was "inspired" by the anti-apartheid African National Congress (ANC). In an

inteview on South African radio, LUDP leader Charles Mofele [AFP spelling],

the only member of his party to have a seat in the Lesothan Parliament, also

said that Chief Jonathan was seeking to open diplomatic ties with Eastern

bloc states 13 years after he suspended the constitution in order to prevent

Lesotho "falling into the hands of the communists." Chief Jonathan suspended

the constitution when it became clear that he was losing general elections in

the enclave in January 1970. The Lesothan prime minister announced the opening of diplomatic links with China when he returned earlier this month from

a tour which took him to North Korea, Romania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria as well

as Beijing, and the Soviet ambassador to Mozambique earlier this month presented his credentials to Lesotho's King Moshoeshoe II. Mr Mofele's party

favours closer links with South Africa, which surrounds Lesotho on all sides.

IText] IAB151644 Paris AFP in English 1614 GMT 15 Jun 83]

MP SCORES PROPOSED RECONCILIATION ACT—A member of parliament for the ruling

Basotho National Party, Mr M. A. Nchai says that people who are still living

out of the country in spite of the Amnesty Act of 1980 are bandits who engage

in subversive actions against Lesotho. Speaking on the reconciliation act

moved by Chief (Sefonane Mapheleba) in the National Assembly, Mr Nchai argued

that the amnesty act was based on Christian principles and was aimed at enabling the self-exiled Basotho to return home safely. Some people like the

late Koenyama Chakela, who was murdered by the Lesotho Liberation Army, took

advantage of the act and returned home. Those who are still out of the country are bandits who are determined to continue perpetrating evil acts against

Lesotho. Mr Nchai rejected the motion of the reconciliation act and said it

is unnecessary. [Text] IMB101619 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1130 GMT

10 Jun 83]

CSO: 3400/1523

19
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

EQUIPMENT FROM SOVIETS—A Soviet ship carrying several different types of technical equipment destined for the Maputo City Executive Council arrived in our

country a few days ago. APN, cited by NOTICIAS, says that the same ship

brought a gift of camping equipment from the Central Committee of the Leninist

Young Communist League to the Organization of Mozambican Youth. We note that

the Soviet Government will (donate about 10,000 tons of rice to our government

in support of the victims stricken by national disasters. I Text] IMB151602

Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT 15 Jun 83]

BULGARIAN ZOOLOGICAL EXPEDITION—The first group of a Bulgarian zoological

expedition will arrive in Maputo today. With the sppport of the Mozambique

enterprise, Emofauna, and the Department of Fauna and Forestry in the Ministry

of Agriculture» the expedition will work in the field of flora and fauna

research along the Mozambique coast. This was disclosed by the newspaper

NOTICIAS, which says that this scientific work will be carried out with the

cooperation of the Museum of Natural History and the college of biology of the

Eduardo Mondlane University. It is the first time that Mozambique and Bulgaria

have engaged in such cooperation. The Mozambique coast, which is washed by

the Indian Ocean, is about 2,795 km long. I Text] JMB201857 Maputo Domestic

Service in Portuguese 0800 GMT 20 Jun 83]

CSO: 3442/256

20
NAMIBIA

NO ELECTIONS FORECAST WHILE SWAPO EXISTS

MG120634 Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Jun 83 p 10

[Editorial]

[Text] The United Nations Security Council Resolution mandating Mr Perez

de Cueller to launch negotiations for the early attainment of South West

Africa's independence, means less than the costs of the telegraphic transmission.

We said so in April 1977 and we repeated it in the six years in between, time

and again, that there would come nothing of the Western initiative which resulted in December 1978 in what is now known as Resolution 435. Since that

date, he who wanted to exert the slightest effort to think could have clearly

seen that 435 was a stillborn baby and no efforts could ever infuse it with

life.

South Africa will never allow an internationally-supervised election in South

West Africa which could possibly bring to power a political group or combination of groups, remotely hostile to her interests. [paragraph in italics]

As long as the SWAPO movement is in existence, that country will never allow

a United Nations-supervised election. It is a blind fool who clings to this

ridiculous belief, it is a person either ignorant and totally unreceptive

even to simple truths, or in the alternative, malicious.

No one can be so blind as not to realise by now that South Africa is playing

for time and in the hope of dealing her adversary a crushing military blow,

either in one immense swoop, or through the slow attrition of murderous pounding in the form of incursions and raids.

In Geneva in 1981 the Cuban troops were never cited although they arrived

in the second half of 1975 after South Africa made an armed incursion into

Angola, for which to this day, no satisfactory explanation has been given.

The Cubans were thought up last year when it became evident that there was

no excuse and the American paranoia about the Caribbean would assist South

Africa in making of these mercenaries in Angola an excuse to block Resolution 435 for the holding of internationally supervised elections.

21
Yet there are renewed sounds about international efforts. How tiresome; nothing will come of it for South Africa holds the trump card and she, and she

alone, will decide, when it suits her. She will dictate the terms for there

is presently no military power or combination of military powers, in central

or southern Africa which could possibly constitute a peril to her.

The African forces which could match her own firepower are too far away and

too involved in other issues. She knows that she has time, at least until

the nineties before any real military threat could be on the cards for her.

And that military threat if it should ever come to her, is one that would invoke the sympathy or super Western powers—for that military threat can only

come in the form of a great influx of mechanised units from the Warsaw Pact

powers. It would require no less than a quarter million men under arms and

under motorised wheels, complete with air components, to stem the South African

military machine.

And that possibility of such a force ever being constituted is not even marginal; it is virtually non-existent.

That does not mean of course, that she will have a free hand to roam at will

because, and we certainly hope we are not quoting from a secret document,

stinging new weapons manned by experts are on their way and will be deployed

before 1988.

That is common knowledge of course.

Thus, for us there is a long, bitter road ahead. We are not annexed as a fifth

province because Pretoria is too much of a coward to make us part of a greater

South Africa; meanwhile she continues perpetrating her political idiocy in

our country, because of her wonderfully working short-term policy of ethnicity.

But she does not realise, for she lacks the men of political vision, that

she will pay a heavy price in the long run. God help the tens of thousands of

young men, some of them still far away from a razor blade, to face the horror

of the future, if South Africa continues with us on this road.

CSO: 3400/1521

22
NAMIBIA

EDITORIAL SCORES BUDGET, GOVERNMENT 'CUCKOOS'

MB152022 Windhoek WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 11 Jun 83 p 10

[jiditotial: ''The Super Cuckoos"]

[Text] The flippancy of South-West Africa's colonial governor, Dr Willem van

Niekerk, was perhaps the more conspicuous feature on Wednesday when the household bill was tabled. Normally the tabling of the annual budget is one of the

greater national events of a country, but in our case it has been converted

into an affair resembling a stocktaking operation in a country store.

In compliance with his position-, he also did not refer to "we" but rather to

"you", indicative of the fact that he sat there as the representative of a

colonial power.

Our time is a depressed one. We have neither an economy nor a leadership.

We are being dealt with on the basis of /"here's your statement of affairs"/

[passage between slantines in italics] at the end of which you find the rundown, tiresome and worn-out cliche of "gritting teeth and shouldering burdens

and positive thinking.

The facts are that we are bankrupt. It applies equally to private and public

sector. We have in essence a revenue to the state treasury of about $550

million, with nearly R1,000 million in expenditure. The shortfall is to be

made up of various loans and a "contribution" from South Africa.

Normally, one should be moved by the plight of your country. But one's feelings are more of outrage than despondency.

Why are we in this state of affairs?

It is simple, but apparently beyond the understanding of the brains of those

in control of our country: We cannot afford the multigovernment system which,

apart from its various branches of the colonial power, comprises 11 second

tier administrations but which in essence and reality are nothing but apartheid

governments—some of them the worst administrative systems the world had ever

known. The banana republics are exemplary in comparison. These apartheid

governments, with rare exception, comprise a medleyof inefficient and bungling

tribalists with not the slightest notion of what government is about.

23
We say so today: These apartheid administrations constitute not only bungling

and mismanagement; no, corruption in the worst degree.

But the country has so few, and limited revenue resources, to pay for this

lunacy. It is a political lunatic defending such a system.

With half of the present civil service task forces of the country—remember

there are eleven administrations apart from the various ones imposed by

South Africa—our country can be run, and with a quarter of the legislative

system. Do not lose sight of it that we have for example almost 60 Executive

Committee members alone.

The system of separate "development" reached its zenith with the coming of

the new dispensation in September 1977—full control by South Africa and a

stepped-up programme in our country to try out experiments^ of which the

final choice must eventually serve as the blueprint of a future constitutional

pattern for South Africa.

Today we are paying the full price of this weird and criminal system of ethnicity

imposed upon us. A country has national objectives, and if not, it is not a

country but a grouping of tribal systems or in the alternative occupied by

foreign troops, or perhaps still in the primordial times.

This is the only way for a country to live: To have national objectives and to

muster the forces of the best in its ranks to achieve a steady political

blueprint and consequently a sturdy economy.

In the luny bin created here over 68 years, it is the sectional interest;

not the common good, neither the national objective.

The ethnic god is worshipped, and the worshippers are unable to take note of

how they pave the way for their utter destruction, of being fettered their

entire lives with the rubbish of a tribal character and not of national pride

and the dynamic, everlasting, never-ending wonder of nationhood.

What a cuckoo land, governed by super cuckoos.

CSO: 3400/1521

24
NIGER

FRG-FINANCED ROAD TO UPPER VOLTAN FRONTIER OPENED

Niamey LE SAHEL in French 30 May 83 p 4

[Text] An opening ceremony for the Niamey-Torodi-Upper Voltan border road

was held on Friday in the presence of members of the government and the

diplomatic corps, and representatives of international organizations.

The construction of the road was financed by the FRG at a total cost of 7

billion CFA francs.

This 120 km highway linking our capital to the Upper Voltan border branches

off from the Niamey-Ouagadougou-Abidjan artery, and is thus part of the

great east-west trans-African artery Dakar-Ndjamena-Massawa.

Construction of this road, which is a "very fine example of international

cooperation," involved the contribution of four countries: Niger (in charge

of work), the FRG (financing of construction and inspection), the Commission

of the European Communities and the European Development Fund (financing of

studies for the project), France and the FRG (implementation), and Italy

(study and inspection).

Two speeches highlighted the opening ceremony: one by His Excellency Harald

Ganns, the departing FRG ambassador to Niger, and the other by Moumouni Yacouba,

minister of public works and urbanism.

The ambassador, who spoke first, said that the opening was historic in several

respects: for Niger and its development, for Niger-FRG relations, and for

international cooperation.

The German envoy added that the Niamey-Torodi-Upper Voltan border road is,

in view of Niger's geographic location, an important link in the network of

communications with neighboring countries and particularly with Lome port, which

is becoming more and more vital to Niger's economic life.

He noted that the highway is the largest project under Nigerian-German

cooperation achieved to date.

The total cost of the project, financed through the Credit Institution for

Reconstruction (KFW), was 7 billion CFA francs, provided in form of a grant.

25
The ambassador said that the construction of this road can be regarded, on

the basis both of its importance to the country's economic life and of its

scale, as the crowning of a long-lasting cooperation, a cooperation intended

to be straightforward and disinterested, but also useful and efficient.

His Excellency Harald Ganns noted that the project was symbolic for him, because

it started at the same time as he arrived in Niger and was completed at the

time of his departure. Moreover, the signing of the intergovernmental

agreement legally establishing the project was one of his first official acts

in Niger.

Replying to the ambassador's speech, Moumouni Yacouba first noted that the

factors of our country's enclosed location, the long distance from the great

trading area—the sea, the great size of the country, and the dispersion of

the population are heavy burdens on our economy because of the high cost of

transportation and infrastructure. He added that it was out of awareness of

this situation that we decided on a diversification of our access routes to

the sea, as part of our policy of disenclavement.

Minister Mamouni Yacouba said that the development of National Route 6, NiameyTorodi-Upper Voltan border, was part of that policy and more generally of the

continuing construction of the Trans-Sahelian Highway connecting Dakar, Bamako,

Ouagadougou, Niamey and Kano, a distance of 4,600 km. He pointed out that

the road represents for Niger an important factor in relieving its enclavement,

since, by its extension to Fada N'Gourma, it completes the common link to the

Togo and Ivory Coast exit routes that link Niger's western border to the ports

of Lome and Abidjan respectively.

The minister noted that with the improvement of the Birni N'Konni-Guidan

Roumdji section completed in November 1982, the Niamey-Torodi-Upper Volta link

is the next to last local project for the Trans-Sahelian Highway. The last

is the section between Guidan Roumdji and Maradi, which is currently being

widened and improved with completion scheduled for April 1984.

Minister Mamouni Yacouba said that the current project will contribute

significantly to the profitability of the Trans-Sahelian Highway as a whole

and the efficiency of our own highway system in particular.

Discussing the German cooperation, Mamouni Yacouba said its represents a concrete

reality for our people because it symbolizes water for the people of Tahoua

and Maradi, sanitation for the people of Tahoua and Zinder, river development

for the people of Agadez, etc...

The minister affirmed that the German cooperation is highly valued because it

contributes above all to closer friendship between our two peoples and because

it is oriented to our specific problems. He asked the ambassador to convey

to the German Government and people our deep friendship and gratitude.

9920

CSO: 3419/968

26
SOUTH AFRICA

COUNTRY REPORTED SENDING MERCENARIES INTO ZIMBABWE

MB110805 Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 15 May 83 p 1

IBy Michelle Faul]

[Text] Pretoria is recruiting mercenaries from Africa who, disguised as

Zimbabwean soldiers, are infiltrating southern Zimbabwe to terrorise villagers,

say South African refugees in Botswana.

The mercenaries wear Zimbabwe National Army-style camouflage made at a secret

factory in the Northern Transvaal, they said. A refugee in Gaborone said he

had seen and found out the purpose of the factory.

In its efforts to destabilise frontline states, the Pretoria regime was using

the recruits to whip up tribal conflict in Zimbabwe, the refugees said.

Such mercenaries had also been used in the notorious raid on Masru in January,

when 42 Lesotho citizens and refugees, including women and children, were

massacred in a savage and indiscriminate cross-border raid which Pretoria

claimed was aimed at guerrilla bases.

The refugees would not say how they had come by the knowledge.

But their allegations were supported by stories from Zimbabweans in Botswana

of "soldiers who could not speak Shona or Ndebele".

Four Zimbabweans at Dukwe refugee camp, near Francistown, said they had been

questioned and harassed by such men in Mkayi and Tsholotsho.

"They wore combat uniforms, such as the army uses, and red berets. They

spoke to us through soldiers who spoke Shona," said a Zimbabwean aged about 25.

"We know they were foreign because some had marks from rings worn through

noses. No Zimbabwean tribe has that," said an old man of about 70.

"They just come and ask questions, and if you don't answer they beat or kill

you. I escaped. They want to know where the dissidents are," another young

Zimbabwean said.

27
"We know they are no Zimbabwean soldiers who might have learned Swahili during their training in guerrilla camps, because they always speak through someone in the group who speaks Shona."

A South African in Gaborone said: "This just shows how well the South African

manoeuvre is working, if these people believe that the mercenaries they saw

beating and killing people were genuine government soldiers."

A further report of the "foreign soldiers" came from a Botswana who is married

to a Zimbabwean and taught here for several years.

He said: "Someone in my wife's family was seriously ill, so we had to drive

from Francistown to Bulawayo. On the way we were stopped at a roadblock by

men wearing camouflage uniforms. I didn't notice what headgear they wore.

"They could not speak Shona or Ndebele. I speak both languages and addressed

them in both. Finally we communicated in English.

"They directed us along another route, where we met another roadblock, this

time of Shona-speaking soldiers.

"The soldiers wanted to know why we had come along the different road and

said they knew nothing of the earlier roadblock."

Observers in Gaborone said the allegations appeared to be "in line with

Pretoria's tactics of using blacks to give more credence to its destabilisation

plot" just as it created the self-styled Mozambique Resistance Movement and

TJNITA, which destabilise Mozambique and Angola.

"It should not be too difficult for them to infiltrate these so-called foreign

mercenaries with traitors from the former Rhodesian Auxiliaries, who speak

Shona and who we know are being trained in South Africa," one politician said.

The allegations were made in Botswana just a week before three black members

of the former Rhodesian security forces were arrested after infiltrating into

Matabeleland from South Africa.

The men were part of a group of 16 sent by Pretoria early this year to recruit

volunteers to go to South Africa for military training, Zimbabwe's Minister of

State (Security), Cde Emmerson Munangagwa, disclosed when he announced their

arrest.

Zimbabwe was a target of South African destabilisation and "we must anticipate

that further operations of this nature will be mounted against us", the minister said last week.

CSO: 3400/1522

28
SOUTH AFRICA

TERRORIST ARRESTS ALONG ALL BORDERS CITED

MB161049 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 16 Jun 83

[Station commentary: "Security Consciousness"]

[Excerpt] The current course of events in Southern Africa serves to reinforce strongly the need for all South Africans to become"more security conscious. It was the minister of defense, General Magnus Malan, prompted by the

horror of last month's Pretoria bomb outrage, who warned the nation that such

acts of urban terror, which formed an integral part of the onslaught against

South Africa, could be expected to continue in the future.

Notice of such intensions was served again this week when the efforts of four

Maputo-based ANC terrorists were foiled. They had crossed into South Africa

from Zimbabwe, but two were captured. Soviet arms and ammunition were seized

in follow-up operations, and the other two terrorists escaped back into Zimbabwe. Similar arrests have occurred in recent months near the borders of

Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswana.

The state is fully aware of this threat to itself and its people.. Hence its

continuing efforts to eliminate the danger of ANC springboard action through

peaceful negotiations with neighboring states, extreme police and military

vigilance within its own borders, and retaliatory action when deemed necessary

as a final resort—an umbrella of protection in a wider sense.

But, as emphasized by General Malan, the ANC terrorist has no conscience as

far as its choice of targets or weapons is concerned. His goal is the whole

country and the entire population, and it is the main advantage of the terrorist—his ability as a clandestine operator to strike unexpectedly at vulnerable targets—which must be recognized and countered by the adoption of

security as a general public obligation. Realistically speaking, it is the

responsibility of organizations and individuals at all levels to play their

part toward the overall security of their country.

CSO: 3400/1522

29
SOUTH AFRICA

UNIVERSITIES WARNED AGAINST RACIAL QUOTAS

MG161547 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 16 Jun 83 p 4

iText] House of Assembly—The minister of education, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, warned

universities yesterday not to use quotas for racial admissions for Americastyle "affirmative action" programmes.

He said during the committee stage debate on the Universities Amendment Bill

that the measure was intended to place a ceiling on the number of students of

one race who could be admitted to a university intended for another race.

In applying the quota, a university would not deprive well-qualified students

of its own race group of the opportunity to take a particular course by admitting to the course lesser-qualified students of another group.

He referred to American "affirmative action" programmes where a deliberate

attempt is made to increase the number of black students in a university,

faculty or business.

"If a sort of affirmative action programme develops, the government will look

at it very seriously because that would not be in accordance with the wishes

of the government," Dr Viljoen said.

He also stated that action in terms of the Group Areas Act could be taken

against black, coloured or Indian students living at present in white university residences without permission.

Dr Alex Boraine (Progressive Federal Party, Pinelands) referred to the intended

requirement that universities admitting "significant" numbers of students of

other race groups build separate hostels for them.

He asked what would happen to these students until their numbers became significant or to black, coloured and Indian students living in white hostels at the

moment.

"Will the minister say to these students that from a certain date they must

get out? I warn the minister he is playing with fire," Dr Boraine said.

30
Dr Viljoen, who had stated earlier that the Group Areas Act applied on university campuses, replied that it depended on whether these students were living

"legally" in university hostels. If they were not, the normal measure of the

law would apply.

He gave the assurance that, in terms of diplomatic immunity, children of

diplomats were excluded from the quota as they were from all other "differentiation measures."

The committee stage was approved after all three opposition parties voted

against the "quota" clause.

CSO: 3400/1522

31
SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER SAYS NAMIBIAN PLAN REPEATS PAST FAILURES

MB140937 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 14 Jim 83 p 6

[Editorial: "Namibians Must Decide"]

[Text] What is new but old and tired? What is hailed as progress but is going

nowhere? Yes, once again, another "initiative" is underway in South West

Africa/Namibia.

South Africa's administrator-general, Dr Willie van Niekerk, is apparently behind the plan to appoint a State Council which will work out a system of

government for the territory. The/plan also has Pretoria's support, if that

is not too mild a description.

Some of the decidely odd aspects are that different political parties will be

allocated an appropriate number of representatives according to their assessed

strength: that raises the fascinating question of how many might be offered

to SWAPO? At the end of the exercise a referendum is promised "enumerated

on a group basis"—which sounds like perpetuation of apartheid "ethnicity",

which is one of the fundamental bones of contention in the territory.

Not surprisingly, several better-known political groups have simply refused to

get involved. SWAPO's rejection is certain.

So what then? Will Dr Van Niekerk and Pretoria still push ahead with this

time and money wasting exercise? Are they really totally unmindful of the fact

that the same sort of thing has been done before, leading to the Turnhalle,

the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance—and nothingness?

Of course, Namibia desperately needs peace and constitutional progress. But

the only way to do it is to put into practice Dr Van Niekerk's own words—

that "the policy of the South African Government has always been that the people of South West Africa must decide their own future".

Anything less than this is doomed.

CSO: 3400/1522

32
SOUTH AFRICA

CONFERENCE CALLS FOR 'SOCIALIST REPUBLIC*

MB140946 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 13 Jun 83 p 2

[By Patrick Laurence, political editor]

[Text] Eight hundred blacks representing about 200 organisations, unanimously

adopted a manifesto at the weekend identifying "racial capitalism" as the real

enemy and pledging them to work for the establishment of an "anti-racist,

socialist republic".

The manifesto was adopted at a conference at Hammanskraal near Pretoria, convened by the National Forum Committee, whose 17 members represented a wide

spectrum of black leaders drawn from all spheres of community life.

Delegates from political, religious, student and trade union movement, reflected the smae diversity, only in greater measure, although the driving force

behind the conference appeared to be the pro-black consciousness Azanian

People's Organisation.

The conference, whose keynote speakers included Bishop Desmond Tutu, of the

South African Council of Churches, Bishop Manas Buthelezi, of the Evangelical

Lutheran Church, Dr Neville Alexander of the South African Council of Higher

Education, and Mr Lybon Mabasa, of Azapo, was called to unite black against

the prime minister's pending "new deal."

"Our struggle for national liberation is directed against the system of racial

capitalism, which holds the people of Azania in bondage for the benefit of the

small minority of white capitalists and their allies, the white workers and

the reactionary sections of the black middle class," the manifesto said.

"The struggle against apartheid is no more than the point of departure for our

liberation efforts. Apartheid will be eradicated with the system of racial

capitalism."

The manifesto—which will be reviewed at a second unity conference or national

forum, scheduled for April next year—included a list of fundamental principles,

which, it was hoped, would secure the "liberation struggle" from capture by

"treacherous opportunists" posing as leaders.

33
These included anti-racism, non-collaboration with the "oppressor" and refusal

to serve in any of his political institutions, and opposition to all alliances

with "ruling class parties."

The socialist tenor of the manifesto was reflected in its call for control

by workers of the "means of production, distribution and exchange."

The itinerary of demands embraced, however, many of the objectives of nonsocialist opponents of apartheid, including abolition of influx control and

resettlement and reintegration of the "Bantustans into a unitary Azania."

Notably absent from the conference were members of movements subscribing to

the freedom charter adopted by the African National Congress and its allies at

Kliptown in 1955.

Movements operating lawfully within South Africa today which are strongly profreedom charter include the recently revived Transvaal Indian Congress, the

Azanian Students' Organisation and the Congress of South African Students.

The movements are characterised by their willingness to cooperate with all

"progressive democrats", irrespective of colour, whereas the pro-black consciousness organisations suspect liberal or radical white of wanting to take

over and subvert the black struggle.

But, on the question of white, the differences between the two camps appear

to be narrowed with the willingness of black consciousness organisations to

admit white journalists to their meetings and to concede that individual whites

may be genuinely opposed to racism.

Bishop Tutu focused on the unresolved differences between the two groups in

his speech.

"What does it realty matter whether you say you are exponent of black consciousness and somebody else is an upholder of the freedom charter?" he asked.

"The Struggle itself is for our total liberation and the liberation of all the

people of South Africa, black and white, to live in a South Africa where the

rule of law obtains, where habeas corpus holds sway, where all have full citizenship rights and obligations.

"Is that not what we are all striving for?"

CSO: 3400/1522

34
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

METHODIST REJECTS REFORM PROPOSALS—A Cape synod has rejected the government's

constitutional proposals. The Methodist Church in the western Cape has held

its synod in Fish Hoek outside Cape Town. It has rejected the proposals as

an attempt to strengthen the apartheid structure. The synod also debated the

possibility of disciplinary action against Methodists who serve on apartheid

bodies. The decision that both the constitutional proposals and the President's

Council are unacceptable to Methodists will be conveyed to the constitutional

development minister, Chris Heunis. [Text] IMB151632 Umtata Capital Radio in

English 1300 GMT 15 Jun 83]

ANC LEADER IN ADDIS ABABA—Addis Ababa, 10 Jun (PANA—The objective of the

ANC was not "to throw the whites into the sea." It simply wants to establish

a multi-racial, democratic, just and progressive society, disclosed at a news

conference in Addis Ababa Oliver Tambo, president of the ANC, who is attending

the 19th summit of the OATJ heads of state and government. Oliver Tambo thanked

all those who had expressed concern about the fate of the three freedom fighters and who had participated in the international campaign to obtain their

release by the South African Government. The three freedom fighters, executed

early yesterday, were Theille Simon Mogoerane (23 years), Jerry Semano Mosololi

(25 years) and Marcus Thabo Motaung (28 years). They were accused of attacking three police posts in South Africa and belonging to Ukhoto Swize—the military wing of the ANC. The ANC president pointed out that because of the radical position taken by Pretoria, the intensification of the armed struggle was

inevitable. Referring to South Africa's aggression against the frontline

states, he said this was to be expected from a government led by Botha. He

denounced the Western powers which verbally condemn apartheid but in fact contribute fully to its reinforcement in South Africa. jText] IAB101152 Dakar

PANA in English 1135 GMT 10 Jun 83]

BISHOP CALLS FOR TOTAL FREEDOM—Hammanskraal, 13 Jun, SAPA—The black people of

South Africa had one goal—total freedom, the general secretary of the South

Africa had one goal—total freedom, the general secretary of the South African

Council of Churches, Bishop Desmond Tutu, said at the weekend. Bishop Tutu

was addressing the first gathering of more than 800 delegates of the Black

National Forum at Hammanskraal. Delegates represented 170 organisations ranging

from lawyer groups, domestic woerkers organisations, sporting bodies, trade

unions, and political and student bodies. "We have been created free, for

freedom's sake. That is why we are not asking the whites permissions to be

35
free. Even God, who has the sole right to be totalitarian, has given us

freedom. "He would rather have us go to hell of our own free will, than go

to heaven by force," Bishop Tutu said. Urging the groups to unite, he said

what ultimately mattered was strategy in reaching a common goal—the total liberation of the black people. Americans, he said, were puzzled that while

blacks in South Africa outnumbered white by five to one, they were still not

free. If, by the 21st century "we are still not free, the fault will be our

own," he said. [Text"] [MB131501 Johannesburg SÄPA in English 0841 GMT 13 Jun

83]

ALTERNATIVES TO VIOLENCE—The chief minister of the self-governing South

African national state of Kwazulu, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi, said he believes

there are alternatives to violence. These alternatives will not only bring

about the radical changes being sought, but will do so without destroying the

bases of social, political and economic reconstruction for the future. Speaking in the Swiss capital, Geneva, Chief Buthelezi said the Inkatha movement

of the Zulu people, of which he was the leader, had decided to support the

trade unions of South Africa. However, the movement would not try to take

over the role of the unions. Chief Buthelezi said commerce and industry had

a very broad responsibility toward labor, and an attempt would be made to get

businessmen to implement these responsibilities. IText] IMB150929 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 15 Jun 83]

BUTHELEZI REMARKS IN NETHERLANDS REPORTED—The stranglehold blacks have on

the South African economy could be used to eliminate the^apartheid system. So

says Kwazulu's chief minister, Gatshe Buthelezi. Buthelezi was speaking in

the Dutch capital, The Hague. He said the recent legalization of black trade

unions in South Africa could swell the black economic power if the union movement was united. Buthelezi pointedly refused to condemn guerrilla attacks such

as the recent Pretoria attack, and said the government's new constitutional

proposals were a recipe for violence. Buthelezi described Western attitudes

toward South Africa as hypocritical, and charged that European governments

condemned apartheid but offered no financial aid to help the balck struggle

again it. Buthelezi is on a 4-nation European tour. [Text] [MB111107 Umtata

Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 11 Jun 83]

BLACKS TO STAY IN CAPE—A total of 463 people have been settled at the new

blacktownship on the Cape peninsula, Khayalitsha. The minister of cooperation

and development, Dr Koornhof, said in a reply to a question in the House of

Assembly that 20 families, consisting of 96 people, were settled there a week

ago, and 360 more people had joined them later. Referring to the Crossroads

squatter camp, Dr Koornhof said that more than 24,000 blacks had been given

permission by the government to stay in the peninsula. iText] IMB160715

Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 16 Jun 83]

CS0: 3400/1522

36
SWAZILAND

DELEGATES DISAPPOINTED BY CUSTOMS MEETING

MB130806 Mbabane THE SWAZI OBSERVER in English 10 Jun 83 p 1, 5

[Text] A Swaziland delegation to a meeting of finance ministers from the'Southern African Customs Union was disappointed at the outcome of the meeting.

The meeting, which was attended by Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho and South

Africa and chaired by the South African minister of finance, Senator Horwood,

in Cape Town on Monday, is understood to have ended without any substantive

discussion on amending the cash flow formula of the union.

The delegation, led by the minister of finance, Senator Funwako Simelane,

returned from Cape Town this week.

According to a statement released in Mbabane, the four countries agreed to

discuss the issues relating to the Customs Union agreement in its entirety

at a meeting to be held in September.

But one of the delegates to the meeting said: "We were upset when we arrived

at the meeting and were informed by the minister of finance in South Africa

that they still had not completed a proposal they are working on to improve

the Customs Union cash flow formula.

"They could easily have told us that by letter, telex, or even by phone instead of inviting us to go all the way to Cape Town so as to be told that they

had not completed their proposals," he said.

Frustration with the talks for the delegates from Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland is understood to be heightened by the fact that this was the third such

meeting where the South Africans had informed them they were working on a

proposal but did not say what it was.

The meetings go back to 1980 when a commission was set up to study the Custom

Union's formula, after the three BLS countries had expressed concern at the

declining revenue from the customs pool. The commission was to study and

suggest ways to amend the formula.

37
This commission presented its report, which was submitted to the cabinets

of the respective countries for approval. According to informed sources,

all the countries, except South Africa, approved the new formula.

It is understood it was only eight months after, that South Africa finally

approved the report.

CSO: 3400/1521

38
ZAIRE

NEW BOOK FUELS FEUD BETWEEN KARL I BOND, MUNGUL-IDAKA

Brussels LE SOIR in French 16 May 83 p 3

[Text] It is known that Mr Mungul-Diaka and Mr Nguza Karl I Bond, the two

figureheads of the Zairian opposition in Belgium, no longer get along.

This is confirmed by the publication of a brochure of a hundred pages or

so written by Bernardin Mungul-Diaka* under the lengthy title, "Truths of

Mr Bernardin Mungul-Diaka in Opposition to the Counter-truths of Mr Jean

Nguza Karl I Bond." In reality, it is a matter of settling an account

between these two Zairian politicians, which revolves essentially around

a battle over letters.

Mr Nguza is supposed to have distributed widely a letter dated 7 October

1981, addressed to Mr Seti, head of Zairian security, from Mr Mungul-Diaka,

in which the latter asked the "'leader' (President Mobutu) not to be

unrelenting toward me for the alliance signed with Nguza Karl I Bond" and

that if he had concluded this agreement "it was only for the purpose of

infiltrating his agency and to keep you informed about what he did."

The missive specifies again that Mt Mungul-Diaka is ready to rejoin

Kinshasa as soon as Mobutu wants him to.

Mr Mungul-Diaka proclaims this letter "a grotesque fake" and wonders what

its origin was.

And Mr Mungul-Diaka, in turn, published a letter dated 22 November 1982.

This letter is supposed to have been addressed to President Mobutu by

Mr Nguza, making due apology to the Zairian head of state. This letter,

which has been abundantly distributed in recent days within Zairian

university circles of Blegium (where nothing about it is understood

anymore!) ends with a plea from Mr Nguza to Mobuto to grant him power to

return to the country.

Mr Mungul-Diaka, in his commentaries, recognizes "that this document is

probably also a fake" and discloses the methods used by certain people to

divide the opposition. In any case, on the RTBF [expansion unknown] at

noon Friday, he declared that Mt Nguza should be asked about the truth of

this document.

^Printed in Belgium by s.p.r.l. Print, 1050 Brussels

39
Since both letters appear false, one may wonder what the interest is in

publishing them. This little war of Zairian opponents is of paltry interest.

But it provides an occasion for Mr Mungul-Diaka to make a charge against

Mr Nguza, emphasizing his zigzagged political career and citing several

contradictions in his statements pertaining to whether or not he was in

the service of Mobutu. In brief, it was a matter of settling a rarely

picturesque and often boring account.

In his introduction, Mr Mungul-Diaka declares that he has "always believed

that a conflict, even a minor one, between the constituents of the opposition,

cannot serve their cause," but that this time he was forced to defend his

reputation.

Whatever the case, the undisputed beneficiary of this publicly displayed

conflict is President Mobutu, who must be laughing scornfully from Mount

Ngaliema to see the two opposition leaders going at each other and

displaying their personal quarrels and their rivalry.

9955

CSO: 3419/939

40
ZIMBABWE

MINISTER DEFENDS NATION'S LINKS WITH IMF

MB110840 Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Jun 83 pp 1, 2

IBy Lynda Loxton, from the BUSINESS HERALD supplement]

[Excerpt] Zimbabwe's links with donor agencies and the International Monetary

Fund do not conflict with the aims and objectives of the Three-Year Transitional National Development Plan.

In fact, said the minister of finance, economic planning, and development,

Cde Bernard Chidzero, last week without external resources it would be difficult to achieve the goals of the plan and there seemed to be "a complete

misunderstanding" of the role and influence of the IMF.

He was addressing a meeting in Harare as president of the Zimbabwe chapter

of the Rome-based Society for International Development.

Obviously reacting to the stand taken by some academics and economists that

the IMF was "anti-socialist," Cde Chidzero noted that many socialist countries (i.e. China, Romania, Yugoslavia), were IMF members and stressed that

the IMF did not insist on ideological changes when granting loans.

The function of the IMF was to promote international trade, meet short-term

balance of payments needs, and facilitate long-term adjustment.

"It is not, as people often say, the lender of last resort, which is a rather

cynical way of looking at it. In fact, the sooner it comes to help, the

better," said Cde Chidzero.

The programmes agreed on by the IMF and governments aimed at reducing budget

deficits to manageable levels, encouraging demand management and preventing

excessive increases in the general levels of prices.

He reminded his audience that failure to meet these imperatives had "thwarted

development efforts in many countries."

"I therefore feel that the prices and incomes measures and the fiscal and

monetary discipline required should be welcomed by all demand management,

proper discipline and the proper use of resources are essential to growth,"

he said.

41
The IMF's $375 million loan package deal and the $6 million compensatory finance facility would help Zimbabwe "attain the internal and external economic

stability essential for stable growth," said Cde Chidzero.

Failure to obtain external stability would affect Zimbabwe's ability to secure

loans on capital markets or attract investment, and to import the capital

goods and raw materials that were "key determinants for the growth of the

economy."

He noted that Zimbabwe's deficit on current account had not yet hit the 20 percent level, and was lower than that of many other countries.

Zimbabwe needed "vigour, discipline, foresight and will" to weather the adverse effects of the drought and the recession. The government was determined

to order the economy and he believed it would manage—there was light at the

end of the tunnel and no train coming the other way.

Questioned about the desirability of the "tied" nature of CIPs, and the extent

of Zimbabwe's commitment to indigenous, alternative technologies, Cde Chidzero

said the imports would not prejudice indigenous development.

The fact that an American CIP meant all equipment bought had to come from

America did not militate against the development of appropriate technologies

in Zimbabwe. The country already had a mixed economy and needed to refurbish

its technology. It could not turn back the clock.

He pointed out that steps were taken to ensure that the equipment-services

bought through CIPs were really needed. In addition, when the private sector

used the CIPs, it paid the equivalent of Zimbabwean dollars into a special

account that was used to develop the rural areas.

CSO: 3400/1521

42
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MINERAL SURVEY AGREEMENT—Zimbabwe and Canada have signed a 7.8 million dollar

agreement which will be used to carry out aeromagnetic surveys. The agreement

was signed by the minister of mines, Comrade Maurive Nyamgumbo, and the Canadian high commissioner to Zimbabwe, Mr (Christopher Brown), in Harare today.

Comrade Nyamgumbo said the survey will enable Zimbabwe to know her mineral

resources and it will also foster friendship between the two countries. In

reply, Mr (Brown) said the agreement will also enable the training of personnel,

adding that Canada will contribute most of the amount to cover the survey.

The survey, which starts in 2 weeks' time, is expected to cover a period of

2 years. The survey will also provide a data bank for the planning and orientation of future exploration programs and will aid the geological interpretation

of the area. IText] [MG151742 Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT

15 Jun 83]

SWEDISH DEVELOPMENT AID—Harare, 18 Jun, SAPA—Sweden and Zimbabwe yesterday

signed eight new development agreements totalling 32 million Zimbabwe dollars

(R33 million) which were negotiated in Harare this week to gradually decrease

economic dependence on South Africa. The programme emphasies the needs of

the rural population in the fields of health, education and transport. Through

an import support programme and a personnel and consultancy fund the programmes

contribute to the needs of the modern sector of the economy. The largest programme would involve education and public service training with a total of

13 million Zimbabwe dollars (R14 million) in two years. {Text] [MB2000552

Johannesburg SAPA in English 0647 GMT 18 Jun 83]

CSO: 3400/1521 - END -

43