167192

JPRS-SSA-87-026

23 MARCH 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

/ y fcf A/ 1 ^V( l?f 1 / 4

FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161

OTIC QUALITY INSPECTED 8

/
NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign

newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agencytransmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language

sources are translated; those from English-language sources

are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and

other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets

[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]

or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was

processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the information was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are

enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the

original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.

Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an

item originate with the source. Times within items are as

given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the policies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
JPRS-SSA-87-026

23 MARCH 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Norway Commencing Bilateral Aid Program

(Paul Heisholt; AFTENPOSTEN, 9 Feb 87) 1

COMOROS

Relations With RSA Analyzed

(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 17 Jan 87) 2

ETHIOPIA

GHANA

Write-Off of Debt for Arms Purchases From Soviets Sought

(Guenter Krabbe; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 7 Feb 87) 4

EAL Plane Crashes in Asmara

(DAILY NATION, 15 Jan 87) 7

Peace, Solidarity Council on U.S. Nuclear Tests

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 6 Feb 87) 8

Soviet Ambassador Tours Volta Region

(Stephen Kofi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Feb 87) 9

Soviet Book Exhibition Opens in Accra

(Vic Odoi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 22 Jan 87) 10

Rawlings on Irreversability of Revolution

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 22 Jan 87)'. .TVT. .- 11

-a -
Libyan Envoy on 'Imperialist' Intervention in Chad

(Breda Atta-Quayson; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Jan 87).. 12

GDR Ambassador Commends PNDC for Peace Efforts

(Karl Botchway; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Feb 87) 13

Burkina Ambassador on Growing Interaction

(Kojo Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Jan 87) 14

Annan Calls on Ambassadors To Explain Revolution

(Breda Atta-Quayson; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 16 Jan 87).. 15

Cuban Delegation Visit, Health Brigade Assessed

(E.G.K. Deletsa; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 5 Feb 87) 16

PNDC Member Annan Cautions Civil Defence on Role

(Rosemary Ardayfio; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 7 Feb 87) 17

Public Asked To Support Civil Defence Organization Efforts

(Kwaku Nehemia; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23 Jan 87) 18

Information Secretary on Cooperation With Novosti

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 7 Feb 87) 19

Obeng Discusses Privatization of State Firms

(Breda Atta-Quayson; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 5 Feb 87)... 20

Agricultural Cooperatives Slated for Restructuring

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 15 Jan 86) 21

Iran To Assist in Combatting Desertification

(Karl Botchway; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 31 Jan 87) 22

More GDR Railway Coaches Arrive

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Jan 87) 23

Italian Assistance for Public Utility Rehabilitation

(Victoria Odoi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 3 Feb 87) 24

Trade Increase With Japan Registered

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 21 Jan 87) 25

Canada Pledges Support for Grains Development Project

(Boniface Ablekpe; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Feb 87) 26

Geological Survey on Gold Industry Prospects

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 28 Jan 87) 27

Major Road Bridge Projects Completed

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 29 Jan 87) 28

b -
Review of Timber Extraction Rate Advised

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 16 Jan 87) 29

Increased Gold Output at Ashanti Fields

(Janet Quartey; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 24 Jan 87) 30

Briefs

Islamic Call Society Donates Books 31

Yam Crop Projections 31

IVORY COAST

International Financial, Technical Aid Spurs Agriculture

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

2 Jan 87) 32

MALAWI

MALI

Sugar Industry Affected by Cut in U.S. Import Quota

(DAILY TIMES, 10 Feb 87) 35

Largest Relief Project for Refugees Under Way

(Alfred Ntonga; DAILY TIMES, 13 Feb 87) 36

Briefs

Japanese Agricultural Loans 37

Minister Reviews Budget for Assembly

(L'ESSOR, 29 Dec 86) 38

Airports Council Reviews Progress

(B. Kiabou; L'ESSOR, 30 Dec 86) 41

MOZAMBIQUE

Justice Minister Discusses New Amnesty Law

(Ossumane Ali Dauto; NOTICIAS, 4 Feb 87) 43

Residents in Swaziland Support War Victims

(NOTICIAS, 12 Jan 87) 45

Lack of Equipment Hampers Well Works in Nampula

(NOTICIAS, 10 Jan 87) 46

Emergency Program To Improve Beira Water Supply

(NOTICIAS, 31 Jan 87) 47

New Supply System for Beira City

(NOTICIAS, 31 Jan 87)... 49

- c -
Expert Says Dams Will Add to Region's Agricultural Potential

(Flavio Jonas; NOTICIAS, 29 Jan 87)..... 51

Pesticides, Seed Distributed to Farmers in Inhambane

(NOTICIAS, 29 Jan 87) 53

Columnist on Ways To Combat Black Marketeering

(Willy Waddington; NOTICIAS, 4 Feb 87) 55

Briefs

SFRY Equipment for Future Diplomats 57

Spanish Wheat Offer 57

NAMIBIA

Transitional Government Said To Aid RSA By Confusing Blacks

(SOUTHERN AFRICA FOCUS, Feb 87) 58

Hendrickse's Integration Approach Criticized

(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 6 Jan 87) 66

Prospects for New Year Viewed

(Editorial; DIE REPUBLIKEIN, 5 Jan 87) 67

Priority Seen Given White-Owned Farms Over Peasant Farming

(SOUTHERN AFRICA FOCUS, Feb 87) 69

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Pinto da Costa Reshuffles Cabinet, Creates New Ministries

(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 19 Jan 87) 72

SENEGAL

Joint Military Maneuvers Conducted With French

(LE SOLEIL, 22 Jan 87) 74

LD/MPT Jallarbi Plan Criticized

(Babacar Waly Diom; LE SOLEIL, 22 Jan 87) 76

Briefs

Canadian Aid to Fishing 79

Information Cooperation With Gambia 79

SEYCHELLES

Briefs

Tuna Agreement With EEC 81
SIERRA LEONE

Soviet Cooperation, Fishing Assistance Discussed

(Mohamed S. Koroma; WE YONE, 16 Jan 87) 82

PRC Enters Into Industrial Joint Ventures

(WE YONE, 17 Dec 86) 84

Iran To Supply Oil on Deferred Payment Basis

(THE NEW CITIZEN, 20 Dec 86) 85

SOMALIA

Arabization Campaign Enters Second Phase

(HEEGAN, 16 Jan 87) 87

TANZANIA

Prime Minister Urges EEC To Fight Apartheid

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 3 Feb 87) • 88

Editorial Opposes Outside Intervention in Chad

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 2 Feb 87) 89

Warioba Calls for Stronger Co-Op Union Management

(Mussa Lupatu; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 3 Feb 87) 90

Article Tells of Job, Education Inequalities for Women

(Mussa Lupatu; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 2 Feb 87) 92

UGANDA

Museveni Addresses OIC on International Issues

(NEW VISION, 6 Feb 87) 93

Museveni on Economy, Military Situation

(NEW VISION, 26 Jan 87) 97

Government Confronts 'Brain Drain'

(Asuman Nakendo; NEW VISION, 26 Jan 87) 105

Briefs

Kaunda Reaffirms Support for Museveni 106

Cultural Agreement With Cuba 106

Direct Air Link With GDR 106

ZIMBABWE

Mangwende Condemns U.S., UK Veto of UN Sanctions

(Michael Overmeyer; SAPA, 21 Feb 87) 107

e -
GAZETTE Sees Need for U.S. Policy Re-Expression

(Editorial; THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 6 Feb 87) 109

Mugabe Confers With PLO Delegation

(Sanaa Voice of Palestine, 22 Feb 87) Ill

HERALD Terms Botha's Actions Logic-Defying

(Editorial; THE HERALD, 6 Feb 87) 112

Construction on Manyuchi Dams Gets Underway

(THE HERALD, 13 Feb 87) 114

Poor Rains Cause Crop Failure in Southwest

(THE HERALD, 14 Feb 87) 115

Briefs

Netherlands Delegation 116

Botswana Camp Refugees Return 116

Trade Representation Program Planned 116

Beira Corridor 116

Lack of Transport Hampers Drought Relief 117

Japan Grant for Agricultural Chemicals 117

Dutch MPs Visit Projects 117

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Keeping Certain Minerals From U.S. Advocated as Countermeasure

(DIE AFRIKANER, 28 Jan 87) 118

Bishops Say Sanctions Counterproductive, Opposed by Blacks

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 28 Jan 87) 120

Government Appoints Technological Advisory Council

(DIE BURGER, 28 Jan 87) 121

Mine Workers' Union Urges CP, HNP To Cooperate

(DIE AFRIKANER, 28 Jan 87) 122

CP, HNP Cooperation Advocated by Terre'blanche

(Editorial; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 13 Jan 87) 123

Marais Says Treurnicht May Lead Opposition

(DIE BURGER, 23 Jan 87) 124

CP, HNP Efforts To Unite Viewed

(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 21 Jan 87) 125

f -
Disarray Among Opposition in Upcoming Election Viewed

(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 10 Jan 87) 126

Natal Farmers Claim Powerlessness Against Squatters

(DIE AFRIKANER, 28 Jan 87) 128

Afrikaner Student Front Opposes Mixed Boarding Houses

(DIE AFRIKANER, 28 Jan 87) 129

Reduced Diversification Suggested for Automotive Industry

(Editorial; DIE VADERLAND, 29 Jan 87) 130

Briefs

Contact With Neighboring States 131

BLACKS

Emerging Black Middle Class Seen as Potential Consumer Market

(FINANCIAL MAIL, 6 Feb 87) 132

Retailers Target Sector 132

New Magazine Attracts Elite 133

Briefs

White Voting Slated 134

ECONOMIC

Statistics Reveal Shortage of Engineering Graduates

(Mandy Jean Woods; BUSINESS DAY, 10 Feb 87) 135

Self-Help Projects To Ease Nation's Critical Housing Shortage

(Tracey Kenyon-Slade; SA DIGEST, 30 Jan 87) 137

First Bumper Agricultural Season in Six Years Predicted

(FINANCIAL MAIL, 6 Feb 87) 140

Bumper Cotton Crop Good News for Textile, Clothing Industries

(FINANCIAL MAIL, 6 Feb 87) 144

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Malan Orders Classified Research Not Made Public

(Dianna Games; BUSINESS DAY, 4 Feb 87) 146

Microcomputers Imported From Taiwan

(FINANCIAL MAIL, 30 Jan 87) 147

Sophisticated Electronic 'Sniffing' Device Described

(Pte G. Pentopoulos; PARATUS, Jan 87) 148

y

" g ~
Technopark To Become Top High-Tech Address

(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Jan 87) 149

Briefs

New Pocket-Size Communication Unit 151

New Wear-Resistant Coating 151

Johannesburg First Computer Mail Conference 152

/12223

- h -
ANGOLA

NORWAY COMMENCING BILATERAL AID PROGRAM

Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 9 Feb 87 p 10

[Article by Paul Heisholt]

[Text] Gaborone, 8 Feb (NTB)--The government is planning to initiate limited

bilateral aid cooperation in Angola. To start with this will involve technical assistance, probably in the energy or fisheries sector.

"We intend to start a bilateral aid program in Angola, but the form and extent will be limited," Developmental Aid Minister Vesla Vetlesen told NTB at

the conclusion of a conference held by the global cooperation organization,

SADCC. Until now Norway has not given Angola any direct assistance in spite

of the strong Norwegian developmental aid involvement in southern Africa.

But aid has been given to SADCC's energy office which is located in Luanda,

the capital of Angola.

Angolan authorities have been lobbying for direct Norwegian aid involvement

in their country for some time.

"We are especially interested in drawing on Norwegian expertise in the oil

sector," Angolan Trade Minister Ismail Martins told NTB. "But the transportation sector"and the fishing industry could also be relevant," stressed

Martins, who welcomes Norwegian investments in Angola.

In recent years there has been some interest in the Norwegian business sector

in investing in the former Portuguese colony. Norsk Hydro had a delegation

in Angola as recently as January. However Norwegian businesses have made it

clear that it would be a big help if Norwegian aid was represented in Angola.

The proposal to cooperate with Angola has been raised several times before

without producing the necessary political support. Just before the last government resigned former Developmental Aid Minister Reidun Brusletten proposed limited bilateral aid to Angola to the cabinet. The matter was never

discussed.

6578

CSO: 3639/19
COMOROS

RELATIONS WITH RSA ANALYZED

Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 17 Jan 87 pp 1, £

[Text] The secret visit to Moroni by South African defence minister Magnus

Malan on December 4 and 5 which was revealed by The Indian Ocean News-letter

(ION No 261) confirms Pretoria's breakthrough in the Comoros at a time

when the government of President Pieter Botha is working to stave off the

international economic sanctions being directed against it. While a threat

to the defence agreement in force between France and the Comoros since

November 10, 1978 seems a long way off, there is no cooperation with Ahmed

Abdallah's regime. This could take the form of a number of officers of the

South African forces being sent to Moroni. Last April six senior officers

were in the Comoros in company with the French mercenary Bob Denard. Have

Moroni and Pretoria signed a defence agreement, as remarks by Gen Malan

during his stay might suggest. Did he not say, "I am making the defence of

the Comoros my business?" The French ambassador in Moroni, Alain Deschamps,

who sought an explanation of the South African minister's visit from

President Abdallah's special adviser Ahmed Abdou, was given the sharp

response that the Comoros was a sovereign state with no obligations to

explain to anyone.

In the last three years, however, Paris has made no objection to the development of commercial relations between the Comoros and South Africa. Hotel

projects are currently under way (see ION No 235). But the French government,

particularly before the return of the right to power in Paris, wanted this

cooperation to be at state level, and not through the intermediary of the

mercenaries in the archipelago. Moroni took no notice. The only consequence

so far has been the resignation of the lawyer Maitre Verny, who has French

nationality, from his position as adviser to President Abdallah, as he

confirmed personally this week to The Indian Ocean Newsletter. It is not

certain that Jacques Chirac's government is excessively worried, satisfied

as it is at having secured a modus vivendi over the business of Mayotte

after the recent visit to Moroni by the French premier. It seems, in fact,

that in exchange for Mr Chirac dropping the plan to make Mayotte a full

department of France, Ahmed Abdallah pledged to tone down his claims to

the island in international bodies. Meanwhile South Africa is walking into

the Comoros by the door held wide open by the mercenaries. It has been

known for several years that Bob Denard, the man who restored Ahmed Abdallah

to power in the Comoros in 1978, has since acquired large interests in South
Africa, where 15 members of the Comoros presidential guard have already

been trained. It is less well known, however, that numerous South African

officials, particularly in the foreign affairs department, work closely with

the mercenaries. One of them is the head of the department's southern

Africa and Indian Ocean section, Mr Badd, who is being tipped as the next

South African ambassador to France. The unofficial representative of the

mercenaries in South Africa is a former Belgian mercenary named Thielmans.

Born in Albertville, in the former Belgian Congo, he calls himself the

commercial representative of the Comoros Republic and has offices in Pretoria

in the Volskas bank building. In Moroni the main channel of South African

influence is none other than Ahmed Abdou, who, for all that, has just taken

French nationality. It was he who helped Bob Denard to prepare Ahmed

Abdallah's secret visit to South Africa in April 1983 (see ION No 108).

At the present time, France's attempts to take control of the Presidential

Guard and integrate it into the regular army to make a single force have

been a failure. The Belgian mercenary in charge of the guard, "Commander

Charles" (real name Roger Ghys), who is more pro-French, has not succeeded

in ousting his rival Bob Denard. The latter has the advantage of providing

the funds for the guard. Out of the 30 million French francs which the

South Africans give him every year, Denard is said to pass on only 20

million to Charles. Gabon and Morocco have apparently stopped subsidising

the guard, and only Kuwait continues to do so, but to no great extent.

Countries in the region which are concerned for their security, such as

Madagascar and Seychelles, and more recently Tanzania, must be following

these developments with increasingly close attention.

/9317

CSO: 3400/179
ETHIOPIA

WRITE-OFF OF DEBT FOR ARMS PURCHASES FROM SOVIETS SOUGHT

Frarikfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 7 Feb 87 p 4

[Article by Guenter Krabbe: "Addis Ababa Pleads with Moscow for Dispensation

from Repayment of Its Debts Incurred by Arms Purchases"]

[Text] Ethiopia has asked Moscow for dispensation from repayment of its

debts incurred as the result of arms purchases from the Soviets but seems not

to have received a reply so far. Foreign Minister Bayeh Berhanu indicated as

much in a conversation with the FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, though he refused to

go into details. Western observers estimate that the East African country has

obtained more than DM4 billion's worth of weapons from the Soviet Union since

1977, when neighboring Somalia invaded Ethipia's Ogaden Province and started a

war of conquest. The Federal Republic made its dispensation from the

repayment of Ethiopian debts arising from Bonn's development aid dependent on

Moscow's prior write-off of Addis Ababa's weapons purchases. Berhanu

described this ERG demand as "cynical," because the West had refused to come

to Ethiopia's aid against the Somali attack.

The minister said that the traditional friendly relations between the ERG and

Ethiopia had "cooled after the revolution." "Unfortunately," he said, Bonn's

attitude had been "negative" from the very beginning: Ethiopia had been

"systematically, unjustifiably and unnecessarily" criticized. Bonn's

ambassador in Addis Ababa at the time was largely responsible for this state

of affairs. His refusal to respect the Ethiopian workers' legally guaranteed

freedom of association in the purview of the German School in Addis Ababa had

"provoked" the seizure of the school. Bonn, in turn, had used this as a

"pretext" for cooling relations. While the issue of the school was "of very

minor importance," the minister said, it had caused 10 years of frosty

relations between two countries which otherwise could have maintained very

smooth and friendly relations."

This interpretation is confirmed by other sources. According to them, the

ambassador had evidently failed to appreciate that, following the emperor's

overthrow in 1974, the emergence of labor unions could no longer be prevented

even in this formerly feudalist country. The ambassador is alleged to have

acted high-handedly. When the Foreign Ministry in Bonn was finally informed

about the threatened seizure and issued instructions to initially permit at

least the organization of some gardeners, it was already too late. The
ambassador was declared persona non grata and had to leave the country in

early 1978. The seizure was obviously not planned as a measure directed

against the West. The Italian, British, French and even American schools

remained unmolested. At the present time, Bonn is examining an Ethiopian

offer to settle the matter by the exchange of the old school site for another

one close to the embassy.

In the course of conversation Berhanu said there was "absolutely no reason"

for him to reject an official invitation to Bonn. Of course, Federal Foreign

Minister Genscher's invitation to his predecessor Goshu Wolde (who defected to

the United States after pronouncing serious accusations against the MarxistLeninist policies of head of state Mengistu) would have to be reissued to him.

A few years ago, Bayeh Berhanu had already once been received in Bonn, in his

capacity as chairman of the government committee responsible for foreign

disaster aid. At the time Genscher had been disappointed, because Berhanu was

unable to at once promise a settlement of the school issue. Berhanu is No 5

in the Politburo and enjoys much more influence than his predecessor who was

only No 34 in the Central Committee. Initially he talked of the "FRG," the

English acronym for the Federal Republic of Germany. When told that this

abbreviation was displeasing to Germans, similar to the displeasure felt by

Ethiopians when their country is called Abyssinia, he was immediately willing

to substitute the words Federal Republic of Germany or West Germany. In

answer to another question, Berhanu said there was no reason why head of state

and party Mengistu Haile Mariam should visit only communist countries.

However, he indicated that no invitation had yet been issued by a Western

country.

The minister showed great interest in the proposal made by a Bonn politician

as a contribution to further detente at the Horn of Africa: At a visit to the

Somalian capital, CDU deputy Stercken, former chairman of the Bundestag

Foreign Affairs Committee, proposed the modernization of the harbor of

Mogadishu and construction of a road across Somalia and Ogaden to the

Ethiopian highlands, so as to provide an economic link between the two

countries that now regard one another with great distrust. Somalia would

obtain revenue from transit traffic, southern Ethiopia gain access to the sea.

First of all, however, the minister said, Somalia "would have to respect the

internationally recognized border and permit it to be demarcated." As Berhanu

tells it, some progress appears to have been made lately—two bilateral

ministers' meetings were held in the past 2 years. Initially Somalia had

demanded the entire Ogaden and for that reason went to war in 1963/1964 and

1977/1978. Berhanu says that it now had "accepted and demarcated" the major

sections of the 2,500 km border between the two countries. The only point at

issue now is a section beginning at the point where the Wedi Shebeli crosses

the border and ending at the Kenya border.

Still, the Somalis needed more time to give up their "dreams of Greater

Somalia" and settle for reality. Berhanu added that it would be "helpful" if

"countries such as the Federal Republic of Germany which maintain intimate

relations with the countries of the region, were to constructively use their

influence." The Federal Republic's technical assistance program had already

built a temporary bridge at Dolo across the Yuba that serves as the border at
that spot. Its permanent construction was still stalled due to the objections

of the Somalis who, according to Berhanu, feared that Ethiopia might use a

solid bridge for a military incursion. However, Ethiopia had "never attacked

its neighbors" and stopped at the border even in 1978, when the Somali Army

had suffered an annihilating defeat and Somalia was helpless. In fact, in the

150 years since 1837, Ethiopia has been attacked 33 times—from the north, the

east and the west, without ever having started a single war.

11698

CSO: 3420/13
[Text]

ETHIOPIA

EAL PLANE CRASHES IN ASMARA

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 15 Jan 87 p 2

ADDIS ABABA, Wednesday

An Ethiopian Air Force plane

crashed while trying to reland ai the Eritrean provincial capital of Asmara, killing

all 54 passengers and crew on

board, the Ethiopian news

agency reported today.

The state-run agency, in a dispatch carried on front pages of

Ethiopian newspapers, said the

crash occurred yesterday afternoon about three minutes after the

plane took off from Asmara en

route to the capital, Addis

Ababa.

The official Ethiopian Kadio,

in a report last night, attributed

the crash to unspecified

mechanical failure and said all

those aboard were military personnel.

Neither the radio nor the news

agency gave further details of the

incident or identified the type of

airplane. Most of Ethiopia's-'

military transport planes are

Soviet-made.

Eritrean rebels have been

waging a guerrilla war for

independence against Ethiopia's

Marxist Government and its

predecessor for almost 25 years.

Eritrea is the East African country's northernmost province and

borders the Red Sea.

On January 14, 1986, one of the

rebel groups, the Eritrean

People's Liberation Front,

claimed that its commandos

carried out a major raid on

Asmara's military airport,

! destroying more than 40 planes.

The government, which rarely

comments on rebel activity,

made no response to the

claim.

Aviation officials contacted at

the Addis Ababa airport said they

were unable to provide any information about yesterday's crash

beyond what was in the official

news reports.

A Western diplomat in Addis

Ababa, who spoke on condition of

anonymity, said he was surprised

by the relatively prompt

reporting of the crash in the

:official media.

A report on the official Ethiopian Radio monitored in

London by the British Broadcasting Corporation said:

"It crashed while it was trying

to land after developing sudden

problems about three minutes

after taking off from Yohannes,

tlie fourth airport (in Asmara)."

Ethiopian Radio gave no

further details of the crash, BBC

An official at the control tower

at the a irport in Addis Ababa told

the Associated Press in Nairobi

that he knew of the crash only

through the radio report and had .

no additional details. Thf

official, contacted by telephone,

did not give his name. (AP)

/9317

CSO: 3400/175
GHANA

PEACE, SOLIDARITY COUNCIL ON U.S. NUCLEAR TESTS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 6 Feb 87 p 4

[Text] THE Ghana Peace

and Solidarity

Council (GPSC)

has deplored the

continued testing

ofnuclear weapons

by the United Sta->

tea.

A statement issued

in Accra yesterday by.

the council said the

explosion ofa nuclear

device by thie United

States Administration early tikis year is

a great disappointment for peace-loving

mankind.

The statementsaid

it is estimated that so

far, the United States

has conducted nearly

1,000 nuclear explosions, which have

heightened the anxieties of tjhe peoplesofthe worlld.

"The latest nuclear

explosion by the

Reagan Administration is certainly an

open defiance of

world public opinion", the statement

said.

The statement said

the Reagan Administration had closed

the doors to peace by

continuing the testing of nuclear wea:

pons throughout!

1986.

It said the Star

Wars programme is

dangerous and the

people of the United

States must make the

Reagan Administration to discard it.

The statement said the

distortions in the world

economy brought about by

the wasteful use of resources have resulted in heavy

external debts for Africa,

Asia and Latin America,

adding "only international

capitalism are profiting

from the arms race and the

woes of the peoples of the

world."

The statement therefore, called on all peaceloving people to unite and

defeat the forces of aggression; for, "this is the only

way for human survival."

it added. — GNA

/13104

CSO: 3400/156
GHANA

SOVIET AMBASSADOR TOURS VOLTA REGION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Feb 87 p 5

[Article by Stephen Kofi]

[Text] THE Soviet Ambassador to Ghana,

Mr E. Semenov arrived in Ho yesterday to begin a twoday tour of the

Volta Region.

While in the region, the Ambassador

will hold discussions

with the management of the Volta

Region Agricultural

Development Project

(VORADEP) and

the region's Farmers'

Services Company

(PASCOM)

He will also hold meetings with the Standing

Committee of the Volta

Region House of. Chiefs

and the organs of the Revolution.

Mr Semenov will also

visit some project sites and

agricultural establishments including the Kpeve

Water Project, Ziga Ceramics at Ve-Koloenu and

the Kpando Tokor Fishing

Complex.

The rest are the VaneAvatime Textile Factory,

the Afife Rice Farm and

the Ghana-Libyan Agricultural Farm at Sokpoe.

Earlier in welcoming the

Ambassador, Mr Richard

/13104

CSO: 3400/158

Seglah briefed Mr Semenov on the physical, political and social nature ofthe

Volta Region.

He said the region like

other parts of the country

is endowed with abundant

natural resources most of

which are yet to be harnessed for development.

- The region, Mr Seglah

said is basically agricultural where various tropical

crops are grown in addition

to livestock and fishing.

He said it is the wish of

the PNDC to welcome all

friendly countries who are

ready to assist in the development of the country."

The Soviet Ambassador

on his part said relations

between Ghana and his

country have improved

tremendously since-December 31,1981.

This is manifested in the

number of delegations visiting each other's country

since the inception ot the

revolution and the numer-.

ous scholarship granted to

Ghanaian students now at

over 1,000 to study in the

Soviet Union.

There has also been cooperation in other fields

including trade, education

and culture, industry and

sports.

He was hopeful that

cordial relationship between Ghana and the Soviet

Union will be encouraged

to grow from strength to

strength,
SOVIET BOOK EXHIBITION OPENS IN ACCRA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 22 Jan 87 p 3

[Article by Vic Odoi]

GHANA

[Text] A FOUR-DAY exhibition of Soviet

Books on the theme

"Peace and Progress" opened at

the Arts Centre in

Accra on Tuesday.

The range of books

on display covers

areas like mathematics sciences, späc€

science/law, philosophy and music.

Mr Walter Biege,

Under Secretary for

Educatis« who opened the exhibition,

said that peace and

progress should be

shared by all nations

since they are indivisible.

He said the Soviet Union

and Ghana share common

ideas and aspirations and

that the series of book exhibitions being organised

in the country are a means

of sharing values and intellect.

In his opening remarks.

Mr G. A. Frimpong, Acting

General Manager of the

Ghana Publishing Corporation (GPC) noted that

the government accepts the significant role of

books in the development

of a nation.

He therefore expressed

the nation's gratitude to

the Soviet Government in

.arranging for the country

to participate in the Moscow Book Fair which enables publishers to exchange ideas on their field.

The Soviet Ambassador

to Ghana. Mr V. H. Semenov and the visiting Head

of Department of Mir Publishers in Moscow, expressed the hope that the

exhibition will afford Ghanaians a better

understanding of the nature, aspirations and life of

the Soviets.

/13104

CSO: 3400/158

10
RAWLINGS ON IRREVERSABILITY OF REVOLUTION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 22 Jan 87 p 1

GHANA

[ Text ] ' THE Chairman of the

PNDC, Flt-Lt J. J.

Rawlings, has said

Ghana is moving torward by carrying out

her immediate objectives. .

Speaking in a BBC interview broadcast yeyesterday mormng and

monitored by GBC, he

denied that there has

been a U-turn from what

the interviewer called

"his left-wing revolutionary path of 1981" towards a more pragmatic

approach.

Chairman Rawlings

described that kind of

lefVright categorisation

as conflicting, adding

"what may have changed

may be the methods, by

which we shall achieve

those objectives."

He said "I don't think

my political views have

changed at all in terms of

principles and aims."

It is more a question of

learning to assess what

can be attained at a particular point of time in

terms of resources available and taking all the

internal as well as the

external, factors into

consideration.

Chairman Rawlings

said the country has had

to grapple with tremendous problems, human

Sroblems, problems of

ushfires and forced returnees of about a million people.

On the progress towards participatory democracy, the Chairman

said though that has not

been fully achieved, the

past five wars have seen

the careful laying of the

groundwork to ensure its.

achievement.

Through the CDRs

concept, fo| example,

people now have the

grassroot organs of com-,

munity development, the

moulding and infplementation of local .decisions

and frequent interaction and consultation.

"This has giveb people

confidence in theiwork of

their own opinions which

have been suppressed

during the years and ruled by government so far

away, the government

they couldn't see."

In the past, they could

not make head or tail of

government, he said.

But with the PNDC,.

an opening has been

created at each workplace to achieve participation through the work of

the CDRs, the bedrock of

"the Revolution, 31st December Women's Movement, June Four Movement, town and village

development committees

and other organisations

through which voices of

our people are being

heard daily.

/13104

CSO: 3400/155

11
GHANA

LIBYAN ENVOY ON 'IMPERIALIST' INTERVENTION IN CHAD

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Jan 87 pp 1, 4

[Article by Breda Atta-Quayson]

L Text J DR gaid nafyanaf special envoy of Brother Muammar AI-Qathafi of Libya has said that imperialists

intervention in Chad could transform an internal

conflict into an international hot-bed lik« the

Middle East, Asia and Central America.

He said Libya, like Ghanatis very much worried about

the recent escalation of the Chadian situation by the

imperialist French and American administrations since

that could be very dangerous not only for Chad but the

whole African continent.

"We agree- with our brothers -in Ghana that the

Chadian problem is an African one and, its solutions

should be African, with the efforts of the OAU", the

special envoy stressed.

Dr Hafyana was speaking to the the Castle Press Corps,

after he had held a lengthy closed-door discussions with

the Chairman ofthe PNDC, Fit Lt Jerry John Rawlings,

at the Castle, Osu, yesterday morning.

Captain (rtd), Kojo Tsikata, PNDC member responsible for National Security and Foreign Affairs was also at

the meeting.

Or Hafyana said he briefed Chairman Rawlings on the

situation in Chad and how the Habre group in N'djamena

is trying to transform Chad into a base of aggression

against'Libya and other African countries. .

He maintained that the starting point of reaching any

meaningful" solution in man enjoys free movement

Chad is the evacuation of ana is not under house

imperialist forces which arrest as is being speculatwould pave way for the ed in certain circles but he

OAU to find a solution to. is no more the Leader of

the problem. the Transitional Govern-*

Dr Hafyana said there is ment of National Unity

a real danger for Libya be- .(GUNT) as the political

cause the French and situation in Chad has

Americans have teamed up changed,

with tne"Zaireans anrt the The new Leader of

Zionists to use Chad as a GUNT is -Ibn Alsheck

base for aggression against Omar, Mr Hafyana-pointLibya. __ ed out.

Asked about the whe- Dr Hafyana was acreabout of Goukuni Wed- compamed to the Castleby

deye. Dr Hafyana replied Mr Abdaila Bujldian, Sethat he is in Libya where cretary of the Libyan

he is leading a normal life. People's Bureau in Ghana.

He explained that the

/13104

CSO: 3400/160

12
GHANA

GDR AMBASSADOR COMMENDS PNDC FOR PEACE EFFORTS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Feb 87 p 16

[Article by Karl Botchway]

[Text] THE PNDC has been commended for its policies, which

aims at ensuring peace and

tranquility for development.

This commendation was contained in a joint statement issued

by Ghana-GDR Friendship Society and the Association of

GDR-trained Ghanaians at an

"Evening of Peace and Friendship" held this weekend at the

residence of the Ambassador of

the German Democratic Republic (GDR).

In his address, Mr Franz Everhartz, the

GDR Ambassador said the year 1987 is a

very special one for both Ghana and the

GDR.

This is because, Ghana will be celebrating its 30th anniversary of attaining independence; a significant epoch, which is a

symbol for freedom, liberation and which

serves as a beacon for the rapid attain1-, ment of political independence of other

/13104

CSO: 3400/158

African countries.

Mr Everhartz continuing, noted that'

this year would also mark the 750th anniversary celebration of the GDR capital,

Berlin, a city which is a symbol of peace.

Peace, according to the Ambassador, is

the most important item which the world

needs today. In this regard, he stressed

that his country's peace programme calls,

for the abolishing ofthe threat of war, the

removal of all atomic and other weapons

of mass destruction by the year 2000, as

well as steps to prevent the militarization

of outer space and a gradual reduction in

conventional arms.

. The President of the Ghana-GDR

Friendship Society,Mr MowbrayiETHotin

his contribution, noted as very significant

and beneficial, the supply of modern railway coaches, modern science equipment

to various educational institutions and

the rehabilitation of the Kumasi road by

GDR under the present barter system.

Dr B. G. Opoku of the GDR-trained

Ghanaians Association appealed that they

should be involved in future bilateral talks

with the GDR because of their sufficient

knowledge about both countries'socioeconomic development patterns and could

be of advantage in this regard.

13
GHANA

BURKINA AMBASSADOR ON GROWING INTERACTION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Kojo Sam]

[Text]

THE Burkina Faso Ambassador in Ghana, Madam Maimouna Ouattara, has declared that 1987 will see concrete action

•to cement co-operaton between the two

revolutions of Ghana and Burkina Faso

for the benefit of the peoples of the two

countries.

As a first step, Ghana Airways and Air Burkina are to

start flight operations to each other's country as soon as

the necessary formalities have been completed.

Burkina Faso, Madnm Ouattara hinted, is currently

" studying riow best to give preferential treatment to

Ghanaian manufactured goods to compete with goods

from other countries on the Burkinnhe market.

The Ambassador who was on a two-day tour to the

Northern Region, was speaking in an interview with the

Tamale press corps at the weekend.

Madam Ouattara washowever not happy with the way

countries are also holding high level discussions, on the

possibility of Burkina Faso buying her petroleum needs

from Ghana. . „ , . ,

She added that it will be economically prudent for

Burkina Faso to draw her petroleum needs from the

Buipe Petroleum Depot when the project is completed.

Burkina Faso is also to enjoy hydWelectricity from

Ghana assoon as the northern sector power grid project is

completed in 1990.

The two. countries, the Burkinabe Ambassador added,

are also collaborating in the area of communications, and

it will not be long when peoples of the two countries will

speak to each other directly, instead of routing the

telephone conversations through Paris or London.

Madam Ouattara said the jpvernments of the two

the Meat Marketing Board (NMB) has responded to the

barter agreement between the two countries.

According to the Ambassador, her country is finding it

difficult in getting salt from MMB in return for cattle

already delivered to the Board.

Asked about the proposed integration between the two

countries. Madam Ouattara pointed out that what needs

to be done is for the two revolutions to conscientise the

people on the need for any form of unification in the

future.

Earlier in the day, Madam Ouattara paid a courtesy

call on the Regional Secretary, Mr Huudu Yahaya, who

stressed the need for .the removal of artificial barriers

between the two.«ountries, because such barriers militate

against meaningful economic, political and cultural

co-operation.

Mr Yahaya noted that Ghana and Burkina Faso have

common resources which could be utilised for the mutual

benefits of their people.

This objective could however be achieved only when we

create the necessary confidence among us. "We have

tended to mistrust our fallow Africans, and this is all that

the imcejisJists want so that Africans cannot unite for

political and economic emancipation1', the Regional

Secretary stressed.

Replying Madam Ouattara assured the Regional

Secretary that the revolutionary leadership of. her

country is doing everything possible to ensure that Ghana

and Burkina Faso are united for the betterment of their

people and Africa as a whole.

Madam Ouattara also paid a courtesy call on the

Gulkpe-Na Alhassan.

/13104

CSO: 3400/159

14
GHANA

ANNAN CALLS ON AMBASSADORS TO EXPLAIN REVOLUTION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Breda Atta-Quayson]

[Text]

MR Justice O. F. Annan,

member of the PNDC,

has called on the

country's ambassadors

to explain what is going

on in Ghana, politically,

economically and socially in their countries

ofaccreditation.

He said it is their duty to

explain to the governments and people of their

accredited countries the

true character of the revolutionary process-that is

taking place.

This" is necessary because, there is a certain

amount of disinformation

and misconception about

what the PNDC is seeking

to achieve, Mr Justice Annan stressed.

Mr Justice Annan was

presenting the letters of

accreditation to Mr Ate

Allotey, a career diplomat

who has been appointed

Ghana's Amabassadordesignate to Cote d'lvoire.

The PNDC Chairman,

Flt.-Lt. Jerry John Rawlings was present at the

short ceremony which took

place at the Castle, Osu

yesterday:

/13104

CSO: 3400/155

Mr Justice Annan told

the Ambassador-designate

who has been in the foreign

Service for the past 25

years, that his appointment is in recognition of

his invaluable services that

he has rendered to the

country.

He said it is the expectation of the government

that the discharge of his

new duties would be characterised by the same level of commitment, dedication and competence«,

which he brought to bear

i his other duties in the

foreign Service.

The PNDC member reminded the Ambassadordesignate that his first

duty would be to explain to

the government and people

of Cote d'lvoire the true

character of Ghana's Revolution.

It is also his duty to explain the government's

economic policies so that

his accredited country

would have the right perspective of what is happening in Ghana.

Mr Justice Annan emphatically intimated to the

Ambassador-designate

that the thrust of the

PNDC's programme is directed towards those who

generate the wealth of the.

country — that is the people in the rural areas.

He talked about Ghana's policy of good neighbourliness and indicated

that the government-is not

prepared to permit its objectives to be subverted or

the regime to be destabilised in the name of good

neighbourliness because

"we have a national interest which we cannot betrav".

The PNDC member

asked the Ambassadordesignate tt> do his best to

reduce the incidents of

smuggling along the borders of the two countries.

Mr Allotey gave the assurance that he would

work consciously to. bring

honour to the country.

He said, he would do all

he could to educate Ghanaians in Cote d'lvoire

about what is taking place

back home in an effort to

reduce disinformation

about the country.

15
GHANA

CUBAN DELEGATION VISIT, HEALTH BRIGADE ASSESSED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 5 Feb 87 p 3

[Article by E.G.K. Deletsa]

[Text] A FOUR-MEMBER

Cuban delegation

arrived in the

country yesterday

to assess the work

of the Cuban

Health Brigade

team working with

the Ministry of

Health.

The delegation will

also hold discussions

with government officials especially in

areas concerning the

health needs of the

people. • «.

The delegation

which will spend.five

days in theceuntry i»

being led by Dr Sergio del Valle, member

of the Central Committee of the Cuban

Communist Party.

Cuba has since 1983

been assisting. Ghana in her health delivery programme by

sending medical and

para-medical personnel to work at hospitals in the country.

The first batch of

the brigade worked

with the Tema Hospital, Psychiatric

Hospital and Korle

Bu Teaching Hospital for twoyears.

The second batch

which arrived in the

country last year, is

attached to the Tamale Regional Hospital.

Dr Valle said the

visit is a routine one

to over 30 developing

countries in which

Cuban medical and

para-medical personnel are serving.

Dr E. G. A. DonArthur, PNDC Secretary responsible

for State Committee

for Economic Cooperation who welcomed the delegation

at the Kotoka International Airport expressed Ghana's gratitude for the assistance the Cuban

doctors and paramedical staff are giving to the people of

Ghana and hoped

this assistance would

be expanded since the

PNDC attaches great'

importance to the

country's health delivery programmed

Comrade Nicholas

Rodriguez, Cuban

Ambassador to Ghana was at the' airport

to welcome the delegation which includes

Mrs Leonor E. Pantoja, Dr Roberto

Cuza and Mr Barcizo

Diaz, all officers of

the Cuban Ministryof Public Health.

/13104

CSO: 3400/159

16
GHANA

PNDC MEMBER ANNAN CAUTIONS CIVIL DEFENCE ON ROLE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 7 Feb 87 pp 1, 5

[Article by Rosemary Ardayfio]

[Text]

MR Justice D. F. Annan,

PNDC member, has

called on the Civil Defence Organisation

(CDO), not to concern

itself with only the acquisition of martial

skills but with discipline.

Addressing the closing

session of the three-day

seminar for Regional Coordinators. District Operational Assistants and Wi-ig

Commanders of the CDO,

Mr Annan stated that

some members have failed

in this area and have in the

process tainted the image

ofthe institution.

The PNDC member

therefore advised CDO

members to make every

effort to get rid of all undesirable elements such as

people with criminal records or those who are not

amenable to good order

and discipline.

Mr Annan described the

circumstance under which

the CDO came into being

as peculiar which enabled

many undesirable elements to infiltrate into its

ranks and stressed that

this calls for a remedy.

The PNDC member also

noted that the category of

militiamen who use weapons to terrorise innocent

people and imaginary enemies need immediately' a

new orientation and further training.

He was happy that a

militia police has been

created to ensure strict

discipline within the organisation adding that "'this

is a most desirable development which, I am sure

will be warmly welcomed

by the general public".

Mr Annan condemned

the extravagant cl»ims sometimes made by cadres in

respect of status, function

and achievements of the

organs to which thev belong.

Such claims and postures, he said, tend to irritate other organs of the

revolution or even antagonise them.

"Let us seek constantly

to involve as many of our

people as people in the ongoing process of national

re-discovery and development", he said.

He commended the

CDO on its anti-smuggling

operations in support of

the regular Armed Forces.

According to him, the

amount of 'cocoa, diamonds, petroleum and

timber products and various currencies which otherwise would have been

smuggled and were saved is

considerable.

He encouraged the militiamen to initiate communal labour programmes

and also participate fullv

in all community work.

Mr Annan further suggested that the militiamen

'" concert with others.

should organise their communities to eliminate or

control mosquitoes as a

contribution to the Primary Health Care programme.

The PNDC member

cautioned all organs of the

revolution to operate

within the laws, regulations and procedure«

which regulate the conduct ofthe Ghanaian.

This, he pointed out. will

avoid a situation of

anarchy and also reduce

the effects of interinstitutional rivalry and

conflict.

/13104

CSO: 3400/156

17
GHANA

PUBLIC ASKED TO SUPPORT CIVIL DEFENCE ORGANIZATION EFFORTS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Jan 87

[Article by Kwaku Nehemia]

[Text] THE public has been

advisednottCBBMioptiaihostile attitude to the Civil

Defence Organisation

(CDO).

Rather they should see

it as an organisation established by the PNDC to

help defend and ^protect

GhanaianswBrieadieifG. N.

Guomil the Commander of

Two Brigade has advised.

Brigadier Guomil said

through programmes, the

CDO seeks to promote national unity, icivic consciousness, discipline and

economic development

through sustained effort.

He was speaking at a

passing out ceremony of

the first batch ofsixty militiamen, who had

undergone a ten-week intensive basic military

training. They were drawn

from four districts in the

Ashanti Region.

The Brigade Commander explained that the concept of the people's Militia

differs a bit from the CDR

{in that, the militia seeks to

foster co-operation with

armed forces and the police

on one hand, and the civilian population on the

other.

"This is geared towards

the achievements of nationarunity,(stability and

adoption of a systematic

strategy for the achievement of economic development" he added.

Continuing,.Brigadier

Guomil said, "at the local

/13104

CSO: 3400/155

level the CDO helps in the

initiation and implementation of programmes aimed at providing paramilitary and leadership

training, and civic education to the personnel of

CDR, NYOC, Asafo Companies and other identifiable voluntary organisa-

.ionls"

Oh the achievements of

the CDO in the Ashanti

region Brigadier Guomil

said the militia helped to

clean up filthy areas in

Kumasi, assisted the

district councils in the collection of revenue, and arrested pick pockets, "wee"

smokers and other social

misfit during the past year.

In addition, they helped

to check smuggling and

other anti-social activities

and contributed to the

collection of bank loans for

defaulters.

"The CDO does not limit itself to a specific job,

but stretches out to help

where it is needed", the

Brigade Commander said.

He advised the cadres to

use the knowledge, training and experience they

have acquired to serve the

people and not to lord over

them.

Prizes were awarded to

deserving cadres, and Mr

Thomas Asare was

adjudged the best overall

cadre. A special award was

also given to Miss Phelomina Dzorgbo,- the only

female cadre among the

batch for her outstanding

endurance.

18
INFORMATION SECRETARY ON COOPERATION WITH NOVOSTI

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 7 Feb 87 p 1

GHANA

[Text ] MR Kofi Totobi Quakyi. Secretary for Information, ha3 stressed the importance of

co-operation between

his ministry and the

Novosti Press Agency

(APN) in eliminating

the imbalances of the

information flow to

Ghana.

He said a broader cooperation between the

Soviet and Ghanaian

mass media organisations will be useful in the

context of struggle for

progress and peace and

will further help improve

the international information order.

Mr Quakyi was speaking in an interview with a

correspondent of the

APN during a friendly

visit tn the USSR as guest of the USSR Union of

Journalists. Mr Quakyi

was leading a delegation

of Ghanr-ian Journalists.

On the situation in

South Africa, Mr Quakyi

said using comprehensive

and mandatory sanctions against the apartheid regime of racist

South Africa would be an

important step toward!

eliminating that regime

and granting Namibia

genuine independence.

He expressed confidence in the final victorv

over apartheid and liberation of Namibia from

Pretoria's occupation.

He further called on

the mass media all over

the world to step up their

efforts in this sense since

South African, leaders

have imposed a black

out on news about the

mounting movement for

the liberation of South

Africa and Namibia from

racist and colonial oppression.

In Moscow, apart from

the USSR Union of

Journalists, the guests

visited the USSR State

Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting and the APN.

/13104

CSO: 3400/157

19
GHANA

OBENG DISCUSSES PRIVATIZATION OF STATE FIRMS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 5 Feb 87 p 8

[Article by Breda Atta-Quayson]

[Text ] CERTAIN state enterprises will be

privatised whilst

others will be converted into joint

ventures with private capital, Mr P.

V. Obeng, PNDC

member and

Chairman of Committee of Secretaries has said.

On the other hand, those

that are politically and

economically strategic will

remain state-owned.

This firm decision was

reached at through democratic discussions with the

people, enterprises and

mass organisations in the

country. Mr Obeng_told a

20-member delegation of

HOSTA Group of Companies currently visiting the

country.

He said the government

is encouraging a healthy

and purposeful competition between private intiative and state or state cum

private initiative.

He stated that the government does recognise

that in specific fields the

state has the highest potential for making maximum contribution to the

creation ofnational wealth

and in theselareas thei government would like (the

state to make investments.

There are other sectors

of the economy which Mi

Obeng said from our own

historical experiences have

demonstrated that it

would be best handled and

effectively applied to the,

national interest if the ini-.

tiative were in private

hands.

He said the state recognises this and that is why

it has formulated a package ofincentives that would

attract the private sector

to play this role in the economy.

"It is one demonstration

of our commitment to the

tapping of private capital

and other resource entrepreneurship for it to make

a contribution in our national economic development," Mr Obeng added.

In addition to this, the

PNDC member said the

government also does recognise that there could be

partnership between the

state and private capital in

some sectors and it is making room available for that

kind of partnership to be

applied to the country-'s

maximum advantage.

/13104

CSO: 3400/156

20
AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES SLATED FOR RESTRUCTURING

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 15 Jan 86 p 16

[Text ] THE Ministry of Agriculture is to overhaul

the Ghana Federation of

Agricultural Cooperatives GAFACOOPS) and restructure it.

The objectives of

GAFACO-OPS includes

mobilization of farmers

and fishermen into economically viable farmers' cooperatives capable of raising their productivity and

thereby increasing their

incomes.

The Federation since its

inception in 1982 has been

under the Ministry of Cooperatives and Rural De:

velopment and was transferred from that Ministry

to the Ministry of Agriculture when the Ministry

of Co-operatives wasmerged with the Ministry

of Local Government last

year.

Specifically, GAFACOOPS should assist its affiliates to embark on viable

projects, secure inputs, including credits, and to find

both domestic and external markets for their produce.

A statement by the

Agriculture Ministry said

as presently structured,

GAFACO-OPS is woefully

disabled to execute these

functions.

The envisaged restructuring therefore aims at

enhancing the organisational skills of the office

bearers to enable them to

regain not only the confidence of the farmers and

fishermen but also to perform more creditably.

In consonance with the

democratic approach to

solutions of problems characteristic of the on-going

revolution, the Ministry of

Agriculture respectfully

invites the public to

submit memoranda, representations, etc. on the restructuring exercise for

considerations.

Memoranda and other

representations on the

subject may be addressed

to the PNDC Secretary,

Ministry of Agriculture, P.

0. Box M.37, Accra. They

may also be handdelivered to Room 7, Ministry Block G.

/13104

CSO: 3400/161

21
GHANA

IRAN TO ASSIST IN COMBATTING DESERTIFICATION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 Jan 87 p 5

[Article by Karl Botchway]

[Text 1 THE Islamic Republic of

Iran has indicated its

readiness to co-operate

with the Ministry of

Agriculture in combating the threat of desertification in Ghana.

The Charge d'Affaires,

Mr Seyed Skamseddin

Khareghani made this

disclosures, during question time at the programme organised by the

Ghana Press Club at the

Ghana Institute of Journalism titled an "Evening

with Iran" to mark the

commencement of a series

of activities planned by the

press club.

Mr Khareghani pledged

further that the Iranian

Revolution is prepared to

place its expertise and

knowledge at the disposal

of other third world countries to boost South-South

co-operation.

The lecture also coincided with the 8th anniversary of the celebration of

the Iranian Revolution.

Talking about the

achievements of the Iranian Revolution, the

Charge d'Affaires noted

that despite the imposed

war by Iraq, they have

achieved great strides in

social, scientific and technological developments.

An intensive educational restructuring programme has made it possible to make education

more accessible for the

majority and also more

tuned to the development

needs of the country. This

situation under the previous Shah regime was totally absent. Mr Khareghani declared.

On the war within the

Persian Gulf, the Charge

d'Affaires described it as

an imposed one, clearly

aimed at dislodging the

young Islamic Revolution.

This, he stressed, has not

been possible, due to the

strength of the revolutionary forces which grew day

by day.

Information currently

being made available

about the war situation

from the Western media

are all distorted and part of

a grand imperialist strategy to discredit the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Mr

Khareghani added.

Victory for Iran, he assured ali, would be soon:

however, if Iraq wants

peace as she claims, then

they must accept to

withdraw to internationally recognised borders,

pay war compensation and

finally President Sadam

Husein must step down.

These conditions he reiterated, are the only way

to bring about peace in the

region.

/13104

CSO: 3400/157

22
MORE GDR RAILWAY COACHES ARRIVE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Jan 87 p 1

GHANA

[Text] THE Ghana Railway Corporation

(GRC)on Tuesday

took delivery of its

second consignment of 10 new

passenger coaches

at the Takoradi

harbour.

This brings to 20

the number of coaches so far received

from the German

Democratic Republic

(GDR) under a

Ghana-GDR barter

agreement.

A third consignment of nine coaches

was expected yesterday with the remaining four expected

next week to complete the first batch of 33

second-class coaches

under the agreement.

In all, the GRC is

to receive 130 new

passenger coaches

from the GDR.

Meanwhile, the

first 10 coaches received in December

last year, have been

put into service between Takoradi and

Kumasi.

The service dubbed

"Coach Africana"

super express which

leaves Takoradi and

Kumasi at 6 a.m. simultaneously arrives

at their destinations

at 1.15 p.m. the same

day— GNA.

/13104

CSO: 3400/160

23
ITALIAN ASSISTANCE FOR PUBLIC UTILITY REHABILITATION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 3 Feb 87 p 5

[Article by Victoria Odoi]

GHANA

[Text] DR Kwesi Botchwey,

Secretary for Finance

and Economic Planning, yesterday handed

over to the-Italian Ambassador in Ghana

agreements on the fi^

nancing ot two projects

in the country estimated

at $13.7 million.

The agreements reached

during the visit of the Italian Deputy- Minister of

Foreign Affairs to Ghana

in 1985, provide $4.9 million to the Ghana Water

and Sewerage KpongTema-Accra Pipeline rehabilitation project and

$8.8 million to the Volta

River Authority for its

power rehabilitation system.

Documents on the two

projects which formed part

of a package is to be

counter-signed by the Italian government for

disbursement before the

year ends, was received by

His Excellency Mr L. Durante.

The loan to the GWSC

will enable it repair, recpat and replace badly

corroded portion of the pipeline.

It will also involve the

replacement and maintenance of valves, auxiliary

fittings and chambers on

the line.

The VRA project will

also involve the rehabilitation of power systems to

enhance supply, byrecondi

tioning. and renovating

miscellaneous electrical

apparatus of the Akosombo. Volta. Takoradi and

Kumasi area substations.

Other commitments on

bilateral co-operation

made during the 1985 con-

/13104

CSO: 3400/159

sultation between the two

nations were towards the

purchase of 100 tractors,

other implements, operational maintenance and

technical assistance for the

aluminium rolling mill.

At the brief ceremony,

Dr Botchwey noted that

with Italian financial assistance to Ghana rising

from $41.9 million in 1986,

Italy has become a leading

bilateral donor to Ghana.

On behalf of the PNDC,

the Secretary expressed

appreciation for the desire

of the Italian government

to improve relations with

Ghana in the framework of

the Economic Recovery

Programme.

rüs Excellency, Mr

Durante who received the

documents said his government's assistance is an

expression of confidence

and support to the PNDC.

In future, he said his government will offer assistance in other areas as a

further expression of the

spirit ofsolidarity between

the two nations.

During the 1986 consultations held in Rome; the

two sides agreed on the

Rehabilitation of the Eastern and Central railway

lines and the improvement

of the Accra-Tema Water

supply system all estimated at $41.9 million.

Future possible areas of

co-operation also discussed

by the two teams focused

on aluminium can manufacturing, fish processing,

telecommunications development, the Keta Coastal

Defence and rehabilitation

of distribution network of

petroleum.

24
TRADE INCREASE WITH JAPAN REGISTERED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Jan 87 p 1

GHANA

[Text ] TRADE between Ghana

and Japan has increased since the launching

of the Economic Recovery Programme (ERP)

three years ago.

Speaking to the Ghana

News Agency in Accra yesterday, Mr Kazuaki Ariehi, Japanese Ambassador

in Ghana, said imports

from Japan rose to 30 million dollars in 1984 from 17

million dollars in 1983,

while Ghana's exports to

that country rose from 65

million dollars to 71 million dollars within the

same period.

Ghana's exports in 1985

amounted to 67 million

dollars as against 42 million dollars worth of imports, Mr Arichi said.

Major items of trade

between the two countries

comprise automobiles,

canned fish and textiles

from Japan and cocoa

beans and manganese from

Ghana.

Mr Arichi said between

1982 and 1985, Japan's

loan assistance to Ghana

amounted to 49.06 million

dollars.

This, he said, was made

up of 25.06 million dollars

for the telecommunications expansion project in

1982 and 24 million dollars

for the ports rehabilitation

project in 1985.

Each loan has an interest rate of 3.5 per cent

spread over a 30-year period including a 10-year

grace period.

Mr Arichi said his

country has given a number of grants to Ghana

within the same period,

mainly to boost agricultural production.

He said the« increase in

trade between the two

countries is an indication

of his government's support for the ERP, adding

that the programme stood

a good chance ofsuccess.

He compared the present difficulties facing

Ghana to those of Japan

after the Second World

War and said "through

hard worin, Ghanaians can

make it."

/13104

CSO: 3400/160

25
CANADA PLEDGES SUPPORT FOR GRAINS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Feb 87 p 5

[Article by Boniface Ablekpe]

GHANA

[ Text ] THE Canadian Government is committed to

the Ghana Grain Development Project now in

its second phase and is.

being- financed by Canadian International

Development Agency

(CIDA) at a cost of 06.3

million, Mr Aubrey Morantz, Canadian High

Commissioner in Ghana

has announced at the

Seventh Rational

Maize and Cowpea

Workshop in Kumasi.

He said this is Canada's

recognition of the priority

given agriculture and rural

development by " the

PNDC Government in its

economic recovery programme adding that the

Canadian Government

will continue to support

Ghana both morally and

materially in its national

reconstruction effort.

Canada, the High Commissioner said is currently

providing assistance to

Ghana through CJDA in

/13104

CSO: 3400/157

the forestry sector by way

of equipment line of credit

and is contributing to the

rehabilitation of the State

Gold Mines whilst PetroCanada is helping in onshore oil drilling in the

Tano Basin.

The Kumasi Technical

Institute, the High Commissioner announced, will

soon have its courses and

equipment upgraded

through supplementary

Canadian funding.

He stressed the need for

the maize and cowpea project to .succeed to ensure

the welfare ofthe majority

of Ghanaians who live in

the rural areas.

He challenged all those

involved to ensure that

fanners'yields are doubled

by the end ofthe second

phase.

He also urged them to

consider seriously the role

of women in extension

work saying that 50 per

cent of farmers are women

and* there is the need to

recognise them as an important part of the extension agents' clientele.

26
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ON GOLD INDUSTRY PROSPECTS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 28 Jan 87 pp 1, 5

GHANA

[ Text ] GHANA has the potential to establish more

than 40 gold mines to

earn her at least one

billion dollars yearly,

sources close to tne

Geological Survey Department (GSD) have

said in Accra.

The sources said given

the right environment and

the required input, Ghana

will be able to produce gold

at the rate of two million

fine ounces a year,

Even if this rate of mining increases to 2.7 million

fine ounces per annum,

Ghana's gold reserves will

last.740 years, the .sources

told the Ghana News

Agency yesterday.

"The future is bright

and we should have been

far ahead by now," they

added.

The sources quoted portions of the report of the

committee on gold output

in Ghana' presented to the

Minister for Lands and

Natural Resources during

the December 1980 confe-'

rence^ on Ghana's Gold

Endowment

"Ghana has the geological endowment to enable

her to produce gold on a

massive scale, probably on

the same scale as South

Africa and the Soviet

Union," the report said in

part.

The sources regretted

that this natural wealth is

not being fully exploited

by the three existing gold

mines — the'AshantiGoldfields Corporation,

Tarkwa and Prestea Mines. .'. '

The Gold Mines recorded a peak production of

915,317 fine ounces of gold

in 1959/60, according to

available statistics at

GSD.

Production, however;

fell to 387,730 fine ounces

in 1979. Last year's production figure was estimated at 251,600 troy ounces.

Factors such as obsolete

plant and mining equipment, illegal gold winning

(galamsey), pilfering and

smuggling and unfavourable world market prices

have been identified as

some of the constraints.

With the introduction of

an export rehabilitation

programme by the PNDC

and the refurbishment of

the mining sector, indications are that the mines

would pick up.

/13104

CS0: 3400/161

27
GHANA

MAJOR ROAD BRIDGE PROJECTS COMPLETED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 29 Jan 87 p 1

[Text] FOUR out of 15 major

road and bridge development projects beingundertaken throughout

the country have been

completed.

About seven of them are

nearing completion while

the rest are in their initial

stages.

Those completed include the Kumasi-Tepa Junction road, asphalting of the

Yamoransa-Takoradi

road.the Nsawam road in->

terchange bridges and the

Ankobra, Jumbro, Iture,

Dadieso and Ejisu bridges.

Others which are about

90. per cent complete are

the Yamoransa-Bekwai,

Daboase-Takoradi.AximMpataba-Elubu roads, the

Yapei-Morno road and

bridges approaches, White

Volta bridge approaches,

phase one of Tepa

Junctioh-Sunyani road

and the Assembly Bridge

Programme.

The remaining four

which are in their initial

stages include the

Kaneshie-Malam road,

Accra District road rehabilitation, the AnyinamKumasi pavement overlay

and the Kumasi City

roads,

A source close to the

Ghana Highway Authority

disclosed this in Accra yer

sterday.

The source said about

539 kilometres ofroads will

be covered under the project.

The source gave the

/13104

CSO: 3400/160

breakdown of money so far

expended on the projects

as Kumasi-Tepa Junction

road 0788,119,783.82,

Daboase-Takoradi,

£570,440,883.27 and

31,792,990.00 Deutsche

Marks, Axim-MpatabaElubo 0478,324,418.66,

Yamoransa-Takoradi,

(2169.109,497.37,

Kaneshie-Malam,(2168.

413.964.31 and 18.

555,909.61 Deutsche

Marks and the YapeiMorno road and bridge approaches (2500,995,712.75.

Others are Tepa

J u nctiöa.--.Suny an i

(2251,514,885.33 and

2,663,550.10 dollars, Kumasi City Roads,

(245,164,815.51 and

2,245,978.93 > dollars,

Yamoransa-Bl&wai,

061,456,365.71 and Accra

District roads, ,08,8

09,126.02 and 2,382,299.67

Deutsche Marks.

For the bridges, the

source gave their expenditure sofjarasAssembly

Bridge Programme,'

(211,207,302.86 and

8,969,080.81 Deutsche

Marks, White Volta Bridge

approaches, 082,741,

305.21, Nsawam . road

interchange bridges,

021,047,636.00 and the

Ankobra, Jurnoro, Iture*

Dadieso and Ejisu Bridges

0379,987,351.00.

According to the source,

the Kumasi-Abuakwa

road has been added to the

contract of Messrs A. Kas-,

sardjan after satisfactorily

completing the KumasiTepa Junction road.

28
REVIEW OF TIMBER EXTRACTION RATE ADVISED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 16 Jan 87 p 8

GHANA

[Text] THE District Secretary

for Gomoa-ArwuituEffutu, Dr P. fl. K". Okumi, has suggested the

establishment of a special body to review, the

rate at which timber

species are being „extracted from the

country's forest reserves.

"Although the timber

industry is playing an im-,

portant role in the Economic Recovery Programme,

one should not lose right of

the threats, posed by the

spread oftheSahara to the

south," he said.

Dr Okumi was speaking

when he and the Deputy

National Chief Fire Officer. Mr I. O. Akron, jointly

inaugurated a 316-member

anti-bushfire volunteer

squad at Gomoa-Brofo in

the Central Region.

The volunteers selected

from thirteen 'villages in

the Gomoa Assin Traditionah Area, have undergone

a six-week intensive training in fire-fighting.and

prevention.

Dr Okumi said the government should determine the number, of trees

each timber company

should fell annually to

save the- nation from the

grips ofdesertification.

The District Secretary

further suggested that as a

condition for renewing

timber concession licences,

every timber company

should be made to establish a nursery of timber

species adaptable to the

area it operates.

He said the review body

should inspect such nurseries and ensure that newtrees are planted to replace

the felled ones.

Dr Okumi called on those who are still sitting on

the fence to join thenatio*

nal crusade to prevent fire,

outbreaks.

He commended the

chiefs and people.in the

Gomoa -Area for their cooperation and asked them

to assist the volunteers financially and materially

to enable them perform

efficiently.

Nana Kwakye Arhin

XVTI, Abakomahene of

Gonioa-Assiiv Traditional

Area, and chief of GomoaNduem, presided — GNA.

/13104

CSO: 3400/161

29
INCREASED GOLD OUTPUT AT ASHANTI FIELDS

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24 Jan 87 p 8

GHANA

[Article by Janet Quartey]

[ Text ] THE Ashanti Goldfields Corporation

(AGC) yesterday,

presented a cheque

for 0137.5 million

being the share of

Government's dividend to Mr George

Adamu, Secretary

for Lands and Natural Resources in

Accra.

The AGC declared a dividend of 0250 million for

the year ending September

30,1986.

In a speech before presenting the cheque, Mr S.

E. Jonah, Managing Director of AGC, noted that

gold output which slumped during the late 1970s

and early 1980s have now

been restored.

During the last quarter

of 1986 for instance, Mr

Jonah stated,-1that the

Corporation exceeded its

gold output of 23,500 onces

a month.

Hje attributed this improved performance to the

pragmatic economic policies initiated by the PNDC

since the inception ol the

December 31 Revolution.

He pointed out that, before the launching of the

Economic Recovery Programme (ERP) in 1982, all

attempts by AGC to attract foreign loan finance

to rehabilitate the mine

had been unsuccessful.

Mr Jonah however stated that, since 1985, the

corporation has obtained

foreign loan finance to

carry out a major rehabilitation and expansion pro-

' gramme worth $160 million.

He said AGC is expected

under the expansion programme to contribute

about 50 per cent of the

total cost of the project.

This, he added, has been

made possible through the

generous concession granted the corporation by the

Government, to retain 45

percent-of its foreign exchange earnings in an external account.

According to Mr Jonah

AGC earned 07.5 billion as

at September 30, 1986 and

has paid 02.2 billion to the

Government in the form of

various taxes.

/13104

CS0: 3400/161

30
GHANA

BRIEFS

ISLAMIC CALL SOCIETY DONATES BOOKS—Brother Bujeldian Abdalla, Secretary

of the Libyan People's Bureau in Ghana has noted with satisfaction that

despite the past colonial influences on Africa, Ghana and Libya still

maintain their traditional culture. He has, however, called for the intensification of the study and effective use of local languages in the country

as part of efforts to completely shed off the remnants of colonialism.

Brother Abdalla was speaking at a short ceremony in Accra yesterday where

he presented a number of Arabic educational materials to the Ghana Institute

of Languages (GIL) on behalf of the Islamic Call Society in Libya. He

said it is also fair that, while African countries have for a long time

learnt and used foreign languages, foreigners must also start studying and

using African languages while in "our part of the world." He reiterated

that Libya's renaming of the months of the year after great personalities,

events and seasons forms part of her cultural revolution. He said another

consignment of educational materials from his country's Education Ministry

would soon arrive in the country to augment the institute'is stock of Arabic

teaching materials. In a welcome address, Mr Vincent Okunor, Director of

the GIL said the institute which was initially set up as a division of the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs to train personnel who would be posted abroad,

now among other duties offer translation services and bilingual guards,

at international conferences and fairs. [Text] [Article by Abigail Bonsu]

[Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 19 Feb 87 p 3] /9317

YAM CROP PROJECTIONS—Yam production during the 1987-88 season is expected

to reach 1.2 million tonnes, Mr Ibrahim Adam, Under-secretary for Agriculture (Crops) said in Kumasi on Monday. He was opening a two-week course in

root and tuber crops research and production for research workers, extension

supervisors and production specialists responsble for the production and

utilization of root and tuber crops in the country. Mr Adam urged researchers and extension officers to assist in making available enough seed yams

through the "Minisett" techniques in the major yam growing areas. The

course, jointly organized by the International Institute of Tropical

Agriculture (UTA) in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and the

University of Ghana Legon, is to train researchers, extension workers and

production specialists in the improved methods of root and tuber crops

production. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 18 Feb 87 p 1] /9317

CSO: 3400/178

31
IVORY COAST

INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL, TECHNICAL AID SPURS AGRICULTURE

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 2 Jan

07 P 2

L Artide: "Ivory Coast Makes Economic Recovery: Several Agricultural

Projects with International Technical and Financial Support"]

LText] Frankfurt (W.AN.)—According to new statistics, the Ivory Coast, known

in official circles as the Cote d'lvoire, has recovered from its economic

crisis which was due in particular to insufficient international market prices

for agricultural products and poor management in state-owned enterprises. The

expected rapid increase in crude oil production in the offshore region also

did not materialize. In addition there were also unfavorable climatic

conditions. Energy supplies in particular were endangered due to the long dry

periods because hydroelectric dams were limited in their capacity to generate

electricity. Last year was a turning point for the Ivory Coast and its most

important economic basis, agriculture.

Because satisfactory prices were able to be obtained on world markets for its

two main export products, cacao and coffee, as well as for other agricultural

products, the Ivory Coast closed out the 190b fiscal year with record results.

Moreover, the Ivory Coast is the world's leading producer of cacao. In 190b

income from cacao exports increased to 492. Ö billion CFA francs (10U CFA

francs = approximately DM 0.b2) from 471.Ö billion CFA francs the year before.

During the 19öb/öb harvest season (October 190b to September 190b) cacao

production reached a record high of böu,000 metric tons. Approximately

b1b,U00 metric tons of cacao production is expected during the 19bb/07 season.

In September of 190b, the Societe Africaine de Cacao, S.A. (SACO) of Abidjan,

a subsidiary of the Barry group, was guaranteed a loan of three million

European Currency Units (ECU) (1 ECU = approximately DM 2.1b) by the European

Investment Bank (EIB) in Luxembourg for modernization of its cacao processing

plants.

The Ivory Coast is the world's third largest coffee producer. In 190b coffee

exports amounted to 242,OUÜ metric tons worth 27Ö.2 billion CFA francs, up

from 292,UUO metric tons (worth löjj.ö billion CFA francs) the year before.

Despite lower quantities, higher profits were obtained due to higher

international market prices. For the 19öb/öb harvest season (30 Sep 190b),

coffee production is estimated at about 2Ö0,UU0 metric tons, approximately

32
20,000 metric tons less than in the 1904/öb season. It was recentlypublicized that the Ivory Coast plans to invest about $bü million in order to

increase coffee production by about lbO,000 metric tons annually up to the

year 2000. With the assistance of the French state-owned Caisse Centrale de

Cooperation Economique (CCCE) of Paris, existing coffee plantations in

particular will be modernized.

The cultivation of rubber trees, oil palms and cotton is being promoted in

order to expand the agrarian base. With regard to sugar cane, existing

processing capacity in the sugar factories is to be better utilized. The

cultivation of rice in particular is also being developed in order to supply

food for the population. In 190b exports of rubber amounted to 39,100 metric

tons worth 14.0 billion CFA francs. The year before it was lb,200 metric tons

which, however, due to higher prices yielded proceeds of lb.3 billion CFA

francs.

The country's two major rubber plantation enterprises have begun important

projects for expanding their production. The Societe des Caoutchoucs de Grand

Bereby (SCGB) of Abidjan, in which the French firm Michelin has a 17 percent

share, recently decided to create another rubber plantation in the Grabo

district in the southwestern part of the country. Its cultivated area should

cover about 1U,0UU hectares. The Deutsche Finanzierungsgesellschaft fuer

Beteiligungen in Entwicklungslaendern GmbH (DEG) of Cologne, together with the

CCCE, the British Commonwealth Development Corporation (CDC) of London, the

EIB and the local Banque Nationale de Developpement Agricole (BNDA) of

Abidjan, is supporting an important project of the second enterprise, the

Societe Africaine de Plantations d'Heveas (SAPH) of Abidjan. This project

involves the creation of its fourth rubber plantation in Rapides Grah in the

southwest region.

The Ivory Coast is also in first place in palm oil production in Africa. The

area devoted to oil palm cultivation, which is currently about 90,000

hectares, is to be increased by more than 73,000 hectares by 1990 within the

scope of the development plan (190b to 1990) of the state-owned palm industry

enterprise. In 19ö4/öb, palm oil production amounted to 137,000 metric tons.

The cost, as published in the development plan, which also includes plans for

the construction of two additional palm oil mills, was estimated at $löb

million. The EIB has agreed to provide a loan of 19 million ECU for this

project. The World Bank, the CDC and the CCCE are also participating in the

financing of this palm oil project.

The cultivation of cotton is being developed in the central and northern parts

of the country. During the 19ö4/öb harvest season, cotton production

(uncleaned) increased to 212,000 metric tons. In September 190b, the EIB

approved a loan of 19.7 million ECU to be used by the Compagnie Ivoirienne

pour le Developpement des Textiles (CIDT) of Bouake primarily for the

construction of its eighth cotton cleaning plant. This plant is being built

in Seguela and has a processing capacity of 33,000 metric tons of cotton per

year. The CCCE is also participating in the financing of this project which

involves additional investments in six other cotton cleaning plants. A

seventh cotton cleaning plant is also currently under construction.

33
The state's Societe pour le Developpement des Plantations de Canne a Sucre,

1»Industrialisation et la Commercialisation du Sucre (SODESUCRE), which is

responsible for marketing sugar, recently awarded a French consortium a

contract valued at approximately b billion CFA francs for technical assistance

within the framework of its structural adaptation program. Partners in the

consortium are the three French firms, Adra, Sucre & Denree, and Technisucre.

The structural adaptation program needs investments of about 4i? billion CFA

francs. As partial financing, the CCCE in October of 1986 guaranteed a loan

of 9 billion CFA francs. Following the closing of two sugar factories,

SODESUCRE has only four sugar production complexes which produced 133,Out)

metric tons of sugar in 1985/8b. Annual production is expected to increase to

105,000 metric tons by 1990/91.

During the 1984/85 harvest season, rice production increased to 514,000 metric

tons over 3lb,000 metric tons the year before. The European Development Fund

approved a 10.5 million ECU grant-in-aid to the Ivory Coast in October of 190b

for the purpose of furthering rice cultivation in the central region. The

project concerned, which requires investments of lb.4 million ECU, involves

the development of a 7b0-hectare area for the intensive cultivation of

irrigated rice. This project is expected to be concluded by 1990.

In recent years the Ivory Coast has been able to substantially increase its

exports of tropical fruits. Exports of fresh pineapple increased to around

171,000 metric tons in 1985, compared to 13b,500 metric tons the year before.

With bananas, exports increased to 107,700 metric tons in 1985. In 1904, it

was 97,500 metric tons.

The economic development of the Ivory Coast is supported primarily by the

World Bank which in June of 190b guaranteed a $250 million loan for structural

adaptation. Within the scope of the Lome III agreement the European Community

has provided support in the amount of 155 million ECU, 80 million of which

will be provided through the EIB. Ninety percent of the development aid from

Europe will benefit the agricultural sector.

In September of 198b, the International Fund for Agricultural Development

(IFAD) in Rome granted the Ivory Coast $6.6 million in financial aid for an

agricultural project in the Katiola and Dabakala area in the center of the

country; the overall investment for this project was estimated at $12.7

million. About 18,000 small farmers should benefit from this project,

primarily because grain and cotton production are expected to be improved.

The West African Development Bank's financial involvement in this project,

which is expected to be completed in 1993, is $1.4 million.

12552

CS0: 3420/11

34
SUGAR INDUSTRY AFFECTED BY CUT IN U.S. IMPORT QUOTA

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 10 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

MALAWI

MALAWI'S sugar industry has been hit by

an over 40 per cent cut of its import quota

into the United States, it was learnt this

week.

The cut, which trading sources say was

expected, follow a US government decision to reduce its sugar import quota to

some 1 million short tonnes from the 1,7

level last year. Malawi's quota has been

reduced from 17,160 to 9,100 short

tonnes.

Mr M.C.C. Bonk:

general; manager of ..the

Sugar . Corporation of

Malawi Limited (Sueoma). said. " the cut

would obviously affect the

Malawi sugar industry

badly.

"This means we have to

sell more of our sugar on

the world market at about

a third of the price offered

by the US market." he

-said.

Already. Mr. Bouic

said. Malawi had some

4<UMH) metric tonnes of

sugar aimed -for the world

market. But due to low

prices ami transport problems it is not worthwhile

to sell this lot on the world

market at the moment.'he j

said. ,

/9317

CS0: 3400/171

Sueoma produces .1

total of 16x000 metric

tonnes of sugar per year at

its. Nchalo and Dwangwa

estates. Out of these. 70.-

0110 tonnes are used *>n the

local market. 7.000 is used

for ethanol (at

Dwangwa). 20.1100 tonnes

sold "to the European

l-conomic Community

and 7.976 to the United

Stales.

Another 20.000 tonnes

is offered on the Africa

market — Zaire. Burundi

and Rwanda — leaving

Sueoma with 45.000 lo be

sold on the world market

where prices are very low.

Mr. Bouicsaid.

Swaziland. Mauritius

and the Philippines have

all been affected by the

cut which experts say wil

soften world price.'

already hit by a forecast dl

a 3 percent production

rise forIV86/N7 crop.

Mauritius, which depends almost exclusively

on sugar exports has

rcacledbitterly to their 60

percent cut. But then

Mauritius sells 505.600

tonnes of sugar per year

to the Huropcan Community at preferential

prices.

The US will pay the island 7 million dollars

compensation for the

slashing ol its l

l

)N7 quota,

but a long term problem

remains — the disposal of

sugar previously destined

foi the US market.

In Philippines, the US

decision to cut sugar imports has dashed the

country's hopes to revive

the sugar industry there

and sugar planters are being urged lo shift to other

crops.

But the Philippines will

also get South Africa's

.quota" share which has

been eliminated under

sanctions rules.

35
LARGEST RELIEF PROJECT FOR REFUGEES UNDER WAY

Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 13 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Alfred Ntonga]

MALAWI

[Text]

THE WORK being carried out by the

League of Red Cross Societies among the

displaced Mozambicans who sought refuge in this country is progressing very

well, officials of the League have said.

The League, which is represented here

by two administrators. Miss Meg Anderson and Mr. Eric Grefe, joined forces with

the Malawi Red Cross to support the national effort in providing relief aid to the

displaced persons in December last year.

From thiit time to March

this v'ear when the League

expects to have completed

the first phase of its project,

an estimated K4 million will . have been spent.

LARGEST

The League's current project is said to be its largest in

Malawi history: K2.4 million

of tW funding is. from the

European Community (FC)

while the rest is made up ol j

donations from various governments and Red Cross societies in Europe.. North |

America and Australia.

The League's work in providing relief aid It) displaced

Mozambicans at camps in

Mulanjc. Nsanie. Chikwawa. Dedza and Ntclieu in-,

eludes the supplv of food,

shelter, clothing, blankets

and soap.

/9317

CSO: 3400/171

nisTRiHimoN

"We" distribute maize,

beans and peas every 15 days

and sugar and salt every

month. A total of 1.407

tonnes of food is distributed

per month." said Miss Anderson.

Mr. (irefe added that

i other commodities such as

clothes, blankets and soap

are distributed as soon as

thev are available.

CONSTRUCTION

Recently Oxfam donated

blankets. ' clothes, plastic

shelter and soap while the

Save the Children Fund ol

Malawi donated Likuni

Phala.

As a result, the League

made a special distribution of

over 6(1 truck-loads" of items

that included 315 tonnes of

sugar. 42 tonnes of salt. 12

tonnes of Likuni Phala. 55.-

000 blankets and 22.000

clothes during the last two

' weeks.

Through the European

Community the League is

funding the construction of

shallow wells in Ntcheu and

Mulanjc; the repairing of a

bridge in Chikwawa; and

i sanitation work in all the

camps of the displaced

people, the administrators

said.

RESOURSF.S

Thev added that in line

with Standard international

i Red Cross policy on relief

projects, they make use of

local human resources in

their work. "We have received very good support

from the professional staff of

the Malawi Red Cross Society." they remarked.

Approximately K 10.000

1 was made available to the

Malawi Red Cross Primary

Health Care (PMC) coordinator for the training ol 30

Malawian and 227 displaced

iMozambican volunteers in

[sanitation measures and control of diseases like diarrhoea, scabies, malaria and

malnutrition.

36
MALAWI

BRIEFS

JAPANESE AGRICULTURAL LOANS—The Japanese government has

pledged to offer Malawi on loan 2.2 billion yen (about K44 million) for

her agriculture reform programmes. Mr Kazunori Moriama, deputy director

of the Japanese Overseas Economic Co-operation Fund (OECF), said this on

Sunday at the end of an official visit to this country. He said his

government appreciated Malawi's use of funds from the OECF. Mr Kazunori

Moriama pointed out that the money would mainly assist in the restructuring

of the agricultural sector of Malawi's economy. The deputy OECF director

said that last year the Japanese government gave Malawi, also on loan,

5.3 billion yen (about K106 million) to co-finance the third structural

adjustment programme along with the World Bank, the USA and the West German

government. Mr Moriama was in Malawi to follow up progress of the structural adjustment loan. [Text] [Blantyre DAILY TIMES in English 17 Feb 87

p 1] /9317

CSO: 3400/171

37
MALI

MINISTER REVIEWS BUDGET FOR ASSEMBLY

Bamako L'ESSOR in French 29 Dec 87 p 4

[Text] On Tuesday, 23 December, the National Assembly began its debate on

the proposed 1987 budget.

During a solemn preliminary ceremony, Minister of Finance and Commerce Dianta

Kaba Diakite presented the main lines of the 1987 budget.

According to the minister, as a result of the timid economic recovery in the

world, Mali's economy was marked by favorable results in 1986. Gross national production (GNP) rose by 13.3 points, while the food products price

index dropped sharply.

However, Diakite said, the financial accounts, balance of Treasury operations

and balance of payments were thrown off balance as a result of the combined

effect of the collapse of export receipts from cotton and a worsening of

the domestic and foreign public debt.

Based on an almost balanced 1986 budget that was 69 percent executed, these

results entailed strong Treasury tension.

Tensions

The persistence and expansion of such tensions are the result of the combination of several factors, the minister said, including the growing net indebtedness of the public Treasury, which must now pay back substantial sums

received within the framework of 1982-1983 delayed credit agreements, fiscal

depreciation and the antifiscal behavior and poor performance of certain

public and private enterprises, as well as of certain tax collection departments, the accumulation of budgetary and extrabudgetary back payments and the

drop in resources in the face of expanded public spending.

In order to solve these problems, the minister said, one must bear in mind

and express in action the reflection of the president of the republic at

the joint session of the BEC, the government union, devoted to an examination

of the proposed 1987 budget, when he said that budgetary problems are not

problems of figures, but of loyalty with regard to the state of the nation .

and ourselves.

38
In presenting the main characteristics of his 1987 budget, Diakite emphasized

that receipts and expenditures total 78.6 billion CFA francs. The 1987 Budget,

which is presented in a new administrative, functional and economic nomenclature, should be oriented toward a better allocation of budgetary resources,

promotion of local communities, development actions at the grass-roots level

and incentives to investment and production increases.

Special Resources

According to Diakite, the choice of a balanced budget, while expressing the

continuity of the policy of austerity and strictness indispensable to the

success of any plan of financial rehabilitation, is justified by the evolution

of budget balances this last year. Actually, from 1982 to 1984, deficits

registered remained relatively large, despite the foreign contribution of

special resources, which have financed an average of 25 percent of budgetary

expenditures annually since 1985. This trend has reversed itself and foreign

financing Represented only 5.8 percent of budgetary spending and did not exceed 10 percent in 1986. The deficit has been reduced to its lowest level,

4.5 billion CFA francs, compared with 6 billion in 1984. The balance of

budgetary operations will at least be nil in 1986.

As for the new nomenclature, it will replace the current classification of

expenditures, which is 20 years old and which does not make it possible to

define explicitly the economic nature and the functional nature. The minister

noted that it will complete measures already taken by the government concerning computerization and supervision of government employees and will be a

precious instrument of rationalization of budgetary management and mastery of

the evaluation of the cost of government action.

Personnel/Material

The government budget has long been considered a wage budget. A new trend

is emerging in budgetary reorganization. Since 1985, the portion of personnel

expenditures in public funding has tended to drop. "It will be 54 percent in

1987 compared with 66.9 percent in 1985," the minister said, adding that "one

of the obstacles to improving the performance of departments has been the

inadequate personnel/material ratio. In 1987, plans are to increase the

material means of the government administration by a reallocation of resources,

20 percent of which will be devoted to material, compared with 17.2 percent

in 1985."

A budget is an instrument of economic policy. The 1987 Budget includes measures tending to speed up the development of actions to promote the grass roots

and production enterprises. For this purpose, Diakite indicates that the

development tax initially allocated to the national budget will in 1987 be

transferred to the development fund managed by development committees to

finance grass-roots initiatives, as was the case last year. In 1987, there

will be a 5-percent reduction in the rate of the tax on industrial and commercial profits (BIC) for individuals and corporations. There will be a reduction in import duties on certain products.

39
In conclusion, the minister emphasized that prospects for executing the 1987

Budget are not very favorable. While it is planned that budget operations

will proceed normally, it is difficult to see how the same can be true for

treasury operations.

Resources are scarce and those coming to the government must be totally

collected by every possible legal means without exception. Public expenditures are important and largely exceed our financial capabilities. Spending

must be done parsimoniously and with rationality with the greatest respect for

the budget.

Only at that price shall we be able to avoid slips and thus avoid and attenuate tension in the Treasury.

11,464

CSO: 3419/69

40
MALI

AIRPORTS COUNCIL REVIEWS PROGRESS

Bamako L'ESSOR in French 30 Dec 86 p 4

[Article by B. Kiabou]

[Text] An improvement in finances thanks to an aggressive policy in the collection of debts, rehabilitation of the management (now in the black) of the

tax-free shop, finalization of investments and the normalization of relations

with certain suppliers (the EDM [Electric Power Company of Mali] and public

finances): These are a few significant results recorded in 1985 by the

Airports Council of Mali, whose seventh board meeting was held on Saturday

in Senou, presided over by Ahmed Mohamed Ag Hamani, minister of transport and

public works.

The agenda of the session relative to fiscal year 1985 included passage of

the minutes of the sixth meeting, the director's activity report, a report

on execution of the resolutions of the sixth council meeting, presentation of

the report from the auditor, an examination of the books for the 1985 fiscal

year and the proposed 1987 budget.

In his activity report, the director of airports of Mali, Banfaly Kane,

emphasized problems experienced in 1985 in domestic air traffic, characterized by poor service to interior airports.

Actually, Kane said, commercial traffic at Mali's airports dropped compared

with 1984 because of the reorganization of the national company Air Mali and

and the interruption of traffic between February and May due to the crash of

the AN24. Out of the 4,864 flights recorded by airports in 1985 (compared with

6,248), Bamako's share is some 26 percent, compared with 24 percent for other

airports.

Concerning air freight, for example, Mali's airports handled 7,279,289 kg of

goods in 1985, compared with 7,945,282 kg in 1984, a drop of about 8.38 percent. The volume of freight handled in 1985 was totally done at the Bamako^

Senou airport, which also handled 90 percent of the mail. Regarding related

activities, a remarkable effort has been made in rehabilitation of the Free

Shop (tax-free shop), which realized profits of nearly 5 million CFA francs,

compared with a negative result of some 1 million in 1984,

Regarding concessions, bus service and special waiting rooms, an effort must

be made to collect back payments from concessionaires, priority of public

41
service over profits in operation of the buses (transportation of personnel

and other offices involved), and so on. Under investments, the Airports

Council of Mali completed many projects within the framework of the normal

maintenance of buildings and airport facilities.

In addition, the director of airports of Mali reported on the evolution of

world airport traffic, particularly in North Africa and Black Africa.

On the world level, Bangaly Kane mentioned an increase in the overall regular

traffic on the order of 6 percent, as shown by statistics from the ICAO

(International Civil Aviation Organization). But in 1985, freight experienced

a slight drop of 2 percent, which is not decisive because, according to Kane,

passenger traffic is the driving economic force of the industry.

As for African traffic, there has been a sudden upsurge in North Africa. It

should be noted that among the main airports of Black Africa belonging to

ASECNA [Agency for Air Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar], Bamako

is in 8th and 5th places respectively for passenger traffic, with 4.17 and

6.76 percent for freight, at least during the first 18 months of 1985, marked

by the predominance of Abidjan, Dakar, Douala, Libreville and Lome.

After examining the activity report and noting progress on resolutions passed

by the sixth council meeting, board members discussed other points, including

accounting, the proposed 1987 budget, and so on.

Concluding the work, the minister of transport and public works, Ahmed Mohamed

Ag Hamani, expressed satisfaction with the improvement in the quality of service and management of the Airports Council of Mali, which in 1985 recorded

a relatively small deficit compared with previous fiscal years. This is due

to the continuous, praiseworthy efforts of the institution and its board,

the minister said.

In recommending a continued improvement in management, Ag Hamani asked the

Council to reduce charges more and to consolidate the already sound management

of the profitable departments such as the Free Shop. Along those same lines,

he emphasized the clarification of the suitability of capital tieups and the

correction of imbalances noted in the rehabilitation.

Concerning the investment program, the council granted priority to airport

infrastructures for the Tombouctou, Gao, Mopti, Nioro and other airports,

whose prospects of startup are near.

Proposals and recommendations were also made for clarification of the management and improvement of the institution's financial situation.

It should be recalled that the Airports Council of Mali is a public industrial

and commercial establishment (set up in 1970), ensuring the operation of all

airports in our country within the framework of a coordinated development of

air transport. It is a mission whose execution is obstructed by exogenous fa

factors such as the decertification of interior airports resulting from the

reorganization of the national Air Mali and the lack of success of financing

requests for development and expansion projects.

11,464

CSO: 3419/69

42
MOZAMBIQUE

JUSTICE MINISTER DISCUSSES NEW AMNESTY LAW

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese k Feb 87 p 8

[Report on press conference with Justice Minister Ossumane Ali Dauto, date

and place not supplied]

[Text]] The concession of amnesty and pardon for crimes and prison sentences

to citizens who are in prison (within the criteria stipulated in Law No 6/87,

approved recently by the Permanent Commission of the People's Assembly) is

possible because of the policy of clemency pursued by our people's government,'

declared Justice Minister Ossumane Ali Dauto, speaking to the nation's journalists.

He added that the policy dates back to the period of the armed struggle for

liberation, when clemency was shown to all those who had been in error and

criticism and self-criticism were promoted among the members of the Front

for the Liberation of Mozambique.

Referring to the law itself, which went into effect on [illegible] February,

Ali Dauto said it was based primarily on the intent to improve the reeducation

process in Mozambique.

The justice minister added that, nationwide, almost 1,500 prison inmates are

expected to benefit from the law.

At this time, a series of measures are being taken within the prisons themselves, seeking to identify the inmates who meet the conditions required in

the recently promulgated law.

Prominent among the major factors leading to the concession of amnesty and

pardon is good conduct, demonstrated and verified in an affidavit from the

prison director.

Another prerequisite in Law No 7/87 for the concession of amnesty and pardon

is that the individual must be repentant and demonstrate that he is unlikely

to repeat his offense, so that he may be properly reintegrated into society.

The justice minister revealed that a study is currently in progress on the

status of inmates, to identify all the cases to which Law No 6/87 would apply.

43
The prison directors will write up the certifications of good conduct, which

will be forwarded to the attorney general of the republic, to the courts and,

alternatively, to the director general of the PIC [Criminal Investigation

Police], which, in governing [ "regente"] cases, has judicial powers.

The justice minister said at another point that, as stipulated in Law No 6/87,

individuals who had already been pardoned previously and whose sentence had

been commuted would now be granted a "half-pardon."

On the other hand, Ossumane Ali Dauto divulged that if an individual who has

been pardoned or granted amnesty becomes involved in any crime or misdeamenor,

of whatever degree, he will be obliged to serve out the sentence for which he

was pardoned and the sentence for the crime committed after his release.

The justice minister explained the difference between amnesty and pardon; in

granting amnesty, the state forgets the crime. This means that any crimes

committed before publication of the present law are expunged from the state

records, as long as they were not serious crimes of passion or other crimes

stipulated in decree laws No 181/74, of 2 May [1974] and No 16/75, of 13

February [1975].

Equally, amnesty and pardon do not apply to crimes against the Economic Defense

Law or the Law for Defense of the Security of the People s State.

"Pardon, in turn, is established for and applies to cases of individuals sentenced to major prison establishments for up to 24 years. It does not cover

crimes stipulated in the penal codes established after national xndependence,

the justice minister said at one point.

He noted that amnesty was introduced in March 1977, following the Third

FRPTTMO Partv Coneress. during which thousands of citizens were granted

Sfy Inl have fine!'beenM-integrated in the community and in the society.

6362

CSOt 3442/88

44
MOZAMBIQUE

RESIDENTS IN SWAZILAND SUPPORT WAR VICTIMS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Jan 87 p 2

[Text] Mozambicans living or working in the Kingdom of Swaziland presented

3635 rands to President Joaquim Chissano on Saturday. Part of the gift, 1000

rands, was intended to aid the families of the victims of the Mbuzini tragedy;

the remainder is to be used to strengthen the country's defensive

capabilities. The presentation ceremony was held in the president's private

office. The gift was made in the name of the Association of Mozambicans in

Swaziland, whose representatives were accompanied at the ceremony by the

Mozambican ambassador to Swaziland, Daniel Tome Magala. In his acceptance

speech, the chief of state expressed appreciation for the gesture, noting

the need for all Mozambicans living abroad to feel close to their homeland.

"We would like them to find ways to contribute to the economic development

of our country. We should help to promote and defend the dignity and prestige

of our native land," President Chissano told the delegation of Mozambicans

from Swaziland.

The president said, further, that emigrants also participate in the nation's

development by supporting their relatives directly. "We would like all the

Mozambicans who left the country a long time ago to be able to return to

make their contribution to the national reconstruction effort," Chissano

stated.

The chief of state told those present that our government will soon announce

important economic rehabilitation measures. He then emphasized that all

Mozambicans should get involved in this task so that we can improve living

conditions for all their fellow citizens. "Those who left the country

because of minor mistakes or even trivial things should not be afraid to

return to their country," President Chissano urged.

The brief ceremony was attended by Armando Gueguza, a member of the Political

Bureau; Pascoal Mocumbi, minister of health; and Angelo Chichava, central

committee secretary for administration and finances.

12830

CSO: 3442/73

45
MOZAMBIQUE

LACK OF EQUIPMENT HAMPERS WELL WORKS IN NAMPULA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jan 87 p 3

[Text] The rural water supply authority in Nampula, which is responsible for

the construction and improvement of wells in the rural areas, has not met

its goals, due to the shortage of construction materials. Because of

insufficient supplies of cement, only 52 of the 60 wells scheduled for last

year were built.

Approximately 30 wells were repaired, 50 manual pumps installed, and 20

pumps overhauled. The authority has 4 regional maintenance shops to handle

the construction of wells in Angoche, Rapale, Maracoa, and Ribaue. The

Angoche shop is the largest and considered to be the prototype. It covers

the districts of Moma, Mogincula, and Mogovolas. The Rapele shop serves the

communal villages in the districts of Namapa, Nacala-a-Velha, and Memba.

The Ribaue facility serves Malema and Mecuburi. The latter shop has had

trouble operating because of the activities of the armed bandits.

According to the delegate from the water supply authority in the city of

Nampula, Mateus Elias Damiao, the maintenance shop distributes the equipment

to the brigades who work in the communal villages. Each brigade is composed

of a stonemason and two assistants.

The shops manufacture the tools used to build and repair the wells, the

facings, the basins, and the washboards. In the zones where the authority

works, the extent to which the residents participate in digging the wells

depends on the organizational efforts of the grass-roots leaders.

The delegate stated that, despite the war, the authority continues to work

so that the people won't have to walk long distances to get water. A

maintenance shop will be built in Monapo to serve the communal villages in

the districts of Monapo, Ilha de Mocambique, Nacala, and Mossuril.

The rural water supply authority is funded by international non-governmental

organizations such as the Dutch DANIDA, and OXFAM, of Belgium. The authority

began work in the city of Nampula in 1982.

12830/7687

CSO: 3442/73

46
MOZAMBIQUE

EMERGENCY PROGRAM TO IMPROVE BEIRA WATER SUPPLY

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 Jan 87 p 8

[Text] An emergency program to improve the water supply system in the city

of Beira will be initiated in the second half of this year by the Provincial

Directorate of Works and Water, in Sofala.

Employing Mozambican cadres in the beginning, the program basically consists

in rehabilitating the existing pumping and water captation stations, as well

as overhauling the motor pumps and electric pumps in the existing water supply systems, from Mutua, in Dondo District, to the city of Beira.

According to Adelino Ribeiro, provincial director of works and water, the

program calls for a combination of efforts undertaken in the Sofala Province

capital to create the conditions to keep the supply system for this precious

fluid in continuous operation.

Ribeiro feels that the existing manpower in the Beira Water Company is

adequate to carry out the program, although some parts of the operation may

require technical assistance from abroad.

In that case, the plan is to contract some technicians from foreign companies

to cooperate in the project to improve the water distribution system.

The product of efforts undertaken by the Beira Water Company, with the aid of

such companies as Acucareira do Mocambique, in Mafambine, and Mozambique

Electric Power, among others, the water supply in the city of Beira is currently far from meeting the needs.

"The system is currently operating between 4 and 5 hours a day, at 1.5 kilograms of pressure; 3.5 kilograms is considered necessary for a regular supply

of water to the city," Adelino Ribeiro said.

Debt Recovery

In November 1986, the Beira Water Company collected more than 4,000 contos

in unpaid bills owed by consumers. Part of the debt, which had reached more

than 8,000 contos, dated back to 1978.

47
According to the provincial director of construction works and water, the

debt recovery was initiated last October by the Beira Water Company, in

coordination with the provincial directorate, and consisted basically in

cutting off the water supply to customers who had not paid their bills.

However, this action was preceded by a bill collection effort among delinquent

customers, to settle their accounts.

"Cutting off the water supply created some difficult and sad situations. However, it was the only way to force customers to pay their bills," the spokesman said, adding that, despite this measure, some consumers are still delinquent.

"If they have not paid their bill by the end of January, we have no other

recourse but to take these consumers to court."

Regarding the bills that date back to 1978, Adelino Ribeiro admitted that the

Beira Water Company had been lax in allowing the situation to go on for so

Ion&•

"Taking advantage of this laxity, with serious repercussions for the company

revenues, some consumers simply forgot they were supposed to pay for the water

they were using," he commented.

Charge for Fountain Water

Pursuant to the law which introduces new water consumption rates, the residents of the city of Beira who are getting their water from public fountains

will now be charged for it.

"The secretariats of the dynamization groups in the districts, the Administration of State Owned Property and the Executive Council have already undertaken a preliminary survey of residents who use water from the public fountains," Ribeiro explained.

Later, the district structures should initiate an education program to explain

the law to the people and to discuss with them how best to collect payment

for the water consumed at the fountains.

At the same time, according to the director of works and waters, efforts are

underway to rehabilitate the existing wells and cisterns in the city, as part

of the program to alleviate the current water shortage.

6362

CSO: 3442/88

48
MOZAMBIQUE

NEW SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR BEIRA CITY

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 Jan 87 p 8

[Text] Thousands of Beira residents have already acquired the essential

products covered by the New Supply System LNSA] in some of the shops and

cooperatives included in the system. The NSA went into effect on 20 January

in the Sofala Province capital. Because of financial problems, however, not

all the establishments included in the system could pick up the products

from the Beira City Supply Company LEACB"].

In a tour of some districts, our reporter learned that large quantities of

some essential products, such as rice, corn, corn meal, sugar, oil, soap and

salt, have already been received by the establishments included in the NSA.

On Friday, 16 January, one of these shops, "0 Mar Azul," in the Pioneiros

District, had received all the products to supply the 485 customers assigned

to it.

In the Lusitania Market, in Esturro, the reporter was unable to learn how

many customers were to be served, because the proprietor was out, but he was

able to verify that the products had already been received for later distribution.

NSA Permits Equitable Distribution

Some citizens with whom we spoke said that the NSA will permit a rational and

equitable distribution of the products existing on the market, and will also

be an important factor in the gradual elimination of the black market.

Moreover, it will contribute to a substantial reduction of absenteeism in

work places, since many workers have regularly failed to report for work,

claiming that they were going in search of food, thus cutting down on production and productivity.

Manhica Bernardo, who works at the Kelogoaria Confidencia in Beira City, said

the NCA is the best way to combat black marketeering.

"The NSA will benefit everyone, since we won't have to buy on the black market,

and this will be a big help in eliminating this social evil," Bernardo pointed

out, adding that, if there are no disruptions in the distribution system,

"Beira will have a new life."

49
According to the speaker, the speculators charge 10,000 meticals for a sack

of rice.

"And since I do not earn enough to afford that, I have had to scare up money

wherever 1 could, because 1 have to eat."

Days Numbered

"This is a sad day for the black marketeers," began Antonio Goncalves, an

employee of the Nova Mecanica Company in Pioneiros District.

According to Goncalves, before the NSA was introduced, many opportunists,

calling themselves "monitors" of the waiting lines, managed to acquire many

products, which often ended up in the parallel market.

"in the consumer cooperative in my neighborhood, for example, the men on the

committee made off with huge quantities of essential products, to the detriment of the other members," Antonio Goncalves said.

Financing Merchants

Some merchants who are part of the new system had not picked up the products

yet, for want of funds.

Reparding this problem, which has been the primary cause of the delay in the

distribution system, Manuel Cambezio, president of the Beira^City Executive

Council, paid a visit to the EACB and asked it to draw up a list of all the

establishments which did not have funds available to pay for the merchandise,

with a view to contacting the Bank, which can probably arrange financing.

6362

CSOi 3442/88

50
MOZAMBIQUE

EXPERT SAYS DAMS WILL ADD TO REGION'S AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Jan 87 p 3

(jReport on press conference with Flavio Jonas, director of hydraulic technology

with the State Secretariat of Agricultural Hydraulics, date and place not supplied]

[Text] "The completion, within this year, of large-scale construction works,

such as the Pequenos Liborabos and Corumane dams, will bring water to areas

which now have no irrigation system. This will permit greater use of the

country's agricultural potential and will encourage people to settle in certain

regions," Flavio Jonas, director of hydraulic technology of the State Secretariat of Agricultural Hydraulics [SEHA], reported recently in an interview with

the Mozambican press.

On completion of these works, Flavio Jonas continued, farming conditions will

be improved in the areas covered. It will also mean many more job opportunities

and significant social benefits for the residents.

Supervised by the SEHA and executed by CREL (Limpopo Dam Construction Company),

the project is already benefiting about 3,000 hectares of the 4,200 hectares

projected for irrigation in Chokwe District, Gaza Province.

Another very important project under the SEHA and in support of the cooperative and family sectors is in progress in Xindjinguir, Inhambane Province;

147 hectares are already under irrigation and another 200 hectares will be

supplied with water by April of this year.

Starting this year, the Xindjinguir project is being financed by the Italian

Government. Covering 1,000 hectares, the project is being executed by the

Inhambane Cotton Company and should be completed within about 18 months.

Flavio Jonas also mentioned another irrigation project in progress in Umbeluzi,

Maputo Province! about 70 hectares will be under irrigation by the end of 1987.

Along with the execution of these projects, the SEHA is also participating in

the training of peasants in the cooperative and family sectors, through courses

in the operation and maintenance of motor pumps. Starting in June 1987, the

SEHA will conduct the first pilot courses for the training of instructors,

51
selected from two provinces, who will later conduct training courses for the

inhabitants.

The SEHA director of hydraulic technology added that, to oversee all these

operations, the agency is relying on hydraulic units in the provincial

agriculture directorates. However, not all the provinces have these "nits?

they should be created soon, with the assignment of technicians who will be

able to design the hydraulic projects at that level, thus making use of the

resources of each province.

6362

CSOi 3442/79

52
MOZAMBIQUE

PESTICIDES, SEED DISTRIBUTED TO FARMERSIN INHAMBANE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Jan 87 p 3

[Text] Seeds and pesticides are being distributed to cooperative, private and

family farmers in Inhambane Province, in an effort to ensure the success of the

current agricultural campaign. Our correspondent in that region writes that

corn, bean, sunflower and sesame seeds have already been distributed. The

distribution of production materials is being handled by the pesticide company

CAFUM, since Boror Comercial closed its doors last year.

The CAFUM official in Imhambane confirmed that seeds, pesticides and some tools

are being supplied to all the farmers in the cooperative, private and family

sectors.

The distribution of seeds was initiated in August 1986, in a coordinated action

with the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture.

About 60 tons of corn, green bean and "nyemba" bean seeds have already been

distributed and 20 tons of peanuts are expected to arrive soon.

The pesticide company agent added that that plan to distribute pesticides to

cooperative and private farmers, including family farmers, is intended to cover

all the districts in Inhambane Province, in an initiative undertaken for the

first time in recent years.

"Along with the distribution of pesticides," he said, "drugs will be supplied

to livestock farmers, in an action aimed at the resumption and development of

livestock production in that region of the country."

At this time, CAFUM has already been active in Inharrime and Zavala districts

and will soon benefit Panda and Homoine districts, as well.

Another important action in support of farm production will soon be initiated,

with the creation of "agricultural coordination regions" in the province.

Our correspondent writes that the purpose of creating these zones is to ensure

supplies of all the production means and materials to the farmers in each

agricultural region.

In this effort, incidentally, greater priority is being given to the peasants,

not only through the timely supply of production means and materials, but, above

53
all, by making a supply of goods available for barter, thus encouraging the

farmer to market his surplus, in trade for the basic consumer products and

articles which he needs.

Thus it is actually a matter of not only increasing production but ensuring that

it reaches the market, which is only possible when the interests of the producer and the marketing network are equally served.

It is also reported from Inhambane that the marketing structures are conducting

a survey of the existing marketing network in the rural zones, seeking to reestablish it where it is lacking.

The provision of seed, pesticides and other production means and materials, the

creation of agricultural coordination zones and the study of the marketing

network are all aimed to revitalize the structures and services that, directly

or indirectly, affect agricultural production, in which the family sector

weighs heavily.

6362

CSOs 3442/79

54
MOZAMBIQUE

COLUMNIST ON WAYS TO COMBAT BLACK MAKKETEEKING

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 4 Feb 87 p 3

[Commentary by Willy Waddington]

L'l'ext] The country is experiencing intense political activity, focused on

the new parameters for its development. Since 1982, the constant attacks by

the armed bandits, as well as the incessant natural disasters, have forced

the promising development of our country to a halt. Along with this standstill and the successive escalations of the war in various areas, there has

been an intensification of the destabilization, the preferred weapon of

"apartheid" in its combat against the "bad example" of Mozambique.

In the last 2 years, the country has been reorganizing to defend itself against

the continuing actions of the treacherous enemy. \

Now the time has come to confront the difficult problems of an economy in dire

straits. For some months now, various groups of specialists have been

studying the various aspects of the country's economic and social situation.

Their diligence has made it possible to build a new economic structure, with

everyone taking part, to minimize the problems and to shorten the period of

maximum tension.

For several days, the public has been subjected to a massive and continuous

information blitz with regard to the cost of living. It is up to eyeryone—

meaning every single one of us—to work together in the interests of each

individual, steadfastly defending the interests of the group—of everyone.

Although it would appear simple, this defense is, in fact, complex and calls

for constant and continued action on every side, because each individual

acting in defense of his own interest will be defending the collective

interest.

It is up to the consumer cooperatives to take persistent and intensive action

to confront speculation and black marketeering. This new cooperative type

of commerce, which the residents of Maputo have entered en masse, must be

become increasingly mature. They must use new methods of action; they must

stand up for their rights, as provided for and in harmony with everything

that was established by the party and, subsequently, by the state.

55
The Association of Consumer Cooperatives of Urban District 1 must promote

and find practical and workable solutions, to reach new marketing arrangements

with suitable suppliers—state farms, production cooperatives (farm, craft,

fishing and service), individual or family farmers and private companies,

through realistic contracts, with guarantees of the timely delivery of

quality products in sufficient quantities to assure a regular supply, on

schedule, and at the same time providing a just recompense for the work of the

producer.

For their part, the management committees of the consumer cooperatives must,

with all due speed, consider new hours of operation in the respective stores,

so they can accept deliveries and prepare the products for sale.

The overriding concern should be the proportioned and equitable distribution

of products according to the family size of each member. No one is authorized

to purchase a second order of the same product unless it is in compliance with

this basic standard.

At the same time, the consumer cooperatives should have an information bulletin which lists the product, quantity, price, quota to which family member

is entitled and date of sale. This information should be up to date, or

posted in advance, and in legible writing.

Such practices will ensure the most efficient control, because it will be

executed by the interested parties themselves.

By assuring the producer of a just recompense and of a continuing market for

his product, the consumer cooperatives will be in a position to stimulate the

development of production, either by promoting the creation of new production

units or the expansion of the existing ones.

In this action, because the consumer cooperatives are well established among

the people, they can play a part in bringing back into production the relatives of their members who have recently fled from the actions of the bandits

in the pay of the preachers of "apartheid."

The time may have come to make use of all the valleys surrounding the capital

and turn them into the capital's bread basket and even into centers of largescale agricultural exploitation, with significant impact in the region, if

we can learn how to rid ourselves of all the parasites who want to eat off the

work of the producers and if the latter do not let themselves be bewitched by

the lure of easy money—albeit illegal and criminal!

6362

CSO* 3442/88

56
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

SFRY EQUIPMENT FOR FUTURE DIPLOMATS—Secretarial equipment, electric

typewriters, intercoms, duplicating machines, photocopiers, reams of paper,

ink, a slide projector, and books were delivered to the Higher Institute of

International Relations in Maputo yesterday morning by the Socialist Federal

Republic of Yugoslavia. The presentation was made by Andon Mojsov, Yugoslav

ambassador to Mozambique. The Director of the institute, Joao Juliao

Cuambe, received the donation on behalf of Mozambique. In his speech, the

Yugoslav ambassador stressed that the offer was made in the context of the

relations of friendship and cooperation that exist between the governments

of Yugoslavia and Mozambique. Mr Cuambe, in turn, explained the reasons

for the establishment of that institute in our country. Furthermore, he

expressed appreciation for the gesture of solidarity by the Socialist Federal

Republic of Yugoslavia and promised that the donated equipment will be used

exclusively in the interests of the international relations institute.

[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Jan 87 p 8] 12830

SPANISH WHEAT OFFER—The Charge d'Affaires of the Embassy of Spain in

Mozambique, Francisco Montalban, yesterday made the formal delivery of 3,500

tons of wheat as part of Spain's 1986 food aid to our country. The

Mozambican representative at the ceremony, which took place at the Ministry

of Commerce in Maputo, was Jose Wetela, the ministry's director of economics.

Mr Wetela expressed thanks for the gesture of solidarity by Spain during this

difficult period for the Mozambican people. The wheat arrived in Mozambique

in December and was unloaded at the port of Nacala, from which it was to be

sent to the northern part of the country. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 13 Jan 87 p 3] 12830/7687

CSO: 3442/73

57
NAMIBIA

TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT SAID TO AID RSA BY CONFUSING BLACKS

Windhoek SOUTHERN AFRICA FOCUS in English Feb 87 pp 1, 10

[Text] Although South Africa has in the past failed to gain international

recognition for numerous internal settlements in Namibia, it has made

significant progress in 'namibianizing' the conflict. Over the years, it has

built an extensive network of black collaborators through which it is able to

maintain overall control of the country. Today, these proxies include

articulate and educated blacks, who only a few years ago were amongst the most

outspoken critics of Pretoria's continued presence in the territory.

Using monetary inducements and taking advantage of the political apathy in the

Namibian masses, it has infiltrated and caused confusion and suspicion within

opposition ranks. Acting alone or in concert with white-owned business

establishments, South Africa can justifiably boast of having 'turned" a number

of formerly prominent nationalists.

Within the military, blacks constitute the numerical majority in the South

West Africa Territory Force (SWATF). Economic deprivation has driven

thousands of blacks to volunteeer for service in the armed forces. Swapo's

call for a boycott of the army and police have largely fallen on deaf ears.

At the last intake, thousands of black hopefuls were turned away after the

army quota had been reached.

With the escalating violence and counter-violence in the region, South Africa

seems both prepared and ready to fight its colonial wars to the last black

man.

The Interim Government

While Pretoria must be disappointed at the lack of internal or international

recognition for its latest neo-colonial effort in Namibia, the Interim

Government has in some respects cushioned and reduced the political costs of

South Africa's occupation of the country. The previous system, whereby

executive control of the country was vested in a South African-appointed

Administrator General, tended to reinforce the perception of colonial

domination, a fact that compounded Pretoria's political image problem within

the country. By acting through local politicians, South Africa can engage and

divert the attention of internal and external critics of its colonialism. In

58
the eighteen months that it has been in office, the interim government has

taken a lot of flak which should have been more appropriately directed at its

master. What little opposition agitation there has been internally, has

concentrated more on the new government than the acutal colonial power.

Even as he blessed the transitional government in June 1985, South African

President Botha must have known that external recognition of the new

government would not be forthcoming. That he nonetheless went ahead with the

inauguration shows that recognition was not essential to South Africa's plans

for the territory. A second best alternative was an internal administration

which would be given limited executive power to effect changes (however

cosmetic) to soften black hostility to the status quo, while not threatening

overall white (and hence South African) control.

The inherent contradiction of this strategy lay in its failure to address the

reality of white minority domination of the black majority. To give blacks a

fair deal in Namibia requires drastic and deliberate structural changes that

would have the effect of transfering political and economic power to the

majority. Proclamation AG 8 (of 1980) read together with the establishment

Proclamation R101 (1985) restricts the central government's power to effect

meaningful change in the country. Well meaning attempts by sections of the

cabinet to address this issue have resulted in inconclusive legal battles.

While declaring Proclamation AG 8 sancrosanct, the establishment proclamation

made no mention of changing the country's economic and social relations.

Economic domination of the country either directly or through the resident

white population is South Africa's ultimate leverage on any future government

in Namibia.

Because of the legal constraints within which it can operate, the new

government is unlikely to have the sort of impact it would need to be

politically credible. The debate within government has tended to focus on

peripheral issues. The much publicised differences within cabinet have in

essence been squabbles over political breadcrumbs. The indecision and

apparent absence of a meaningful policy to transform the country has

reinforced the public perception of administrative and political immobilism.

Such inertia obviously favours the already privileged white community.

Late last year, Education Minister Andre Matjila made the false promise that

all schools would be de-segregated as of beginning of 1987. What he did not

say was that under the present constitution (which includes the infamous AG

8), the central government does not have the power to effect such change. As

we go to press there is little indication that white schools are about to open

their doors to black pupils.

Eor as long as schools remain under the control of ethnic authorities, there

is little that the central government can do to restructure the education

system. Minister Matjila is therefore guilty of raising false hope amongst

the blacks. Besides, mere de-segregation would not in itself remove racism

from education. To begin to tackle this problem, the government would have to

centralise the control of schools and thereafter (at least initially)

59
promulgate laws that would enable it to control the tuition fees, syllabi and

entry requirements of all schools (private and public).

Examples from elsewhere in Africa show that when whites are faced with the

inevitability of opening their schools to blacks, they often resort to

expensive private schools whose tuition fees and entry requirements can be

manipulated to perpetuate the practices of the post. The interim government

has not as yet explained how it intends to handle such an eventuality.

The media in Namibia gives considerable prominence to several private

multi-racial schools in the Windhoek area. These include St. Paul's and St.

George's colleges. Recently a German medium school also went multi-racial.

What the readers are not told is that the school's location and exhorbitant

tuition fees ensure that only whites or rich blacks can afford to send their

children there. In the confusion that pervades Namibian politics, tokenism

gets portrayed as the ideal. Not surprisingly, the black pupils are a tiny

minority at these schools.

Keeping the Blacks pre-occupied

The presence of the interim government has created considerable confusion

within the black community. In the last year and a half, opposition

politicians have spent more time criticising the new government than

initiating effective agitation to force South African withdrawl from the

country.

In 1984, the South West Africa National Union (SWANU) split into two; with one

faction lead by Moses Katjiuongua joining the government and the other

(Swanu-'Leff) lead by Kuzeeko Kangueehi opting out. The split has

politically paralysed sections of the Herero tribe, as former party adherents

take sides between the two factions.

In a quest for survival, several nationalist leaders have taken up work in

multi-national and semi-government structures. Such employment has invariably

lead to a toning down of their political activism. Strictly professional and

material pursuits like big houses (preferably in formerly 'whites only'

suburbs) have taken precedence over organising political meetings and

protests.

By absorbing the nationalists (often in nominal but visible roles) the

multi-nationals have gone some way in resolving their image problems.

Parading their black executives has been known to work wonders in pacifying

agitated workers or scoring public relations points within the black

community.

Rio Tinto Zinc (RTZ)-owned Rossing Uranium Ltd several years ago appointed

former SWANU External Council chairman Zedekia Ngavirue as its (non executive)

Chairman. In the sixty's and seventy's, the Oxford educated Ngavirue was a

familiar sight at world forums as a fiery critic of RTZ's economic involvement

in Namibia, in defiance of numerous United Nations resolutions on the issue.

60
Although he claims to have retired from politics, Dr Ngavirue is generally

associated with the faction of Swanu that is in government. Rossing Uranium

also has a link into the other faction of Swanu. Its Industrial Relations

Suprentendant at the mine is Charles Kauraisa, an alternate member of the

Swanu-'Left' central committee.

For as long as prominent nationalist leaders remain in the employ of

government or multi-national organisations, they can not be radical in their

political demands for fear of jeopardising their livelihood.

Even a pro-SWAPO ally like Damara Chief Justus Garoeb does not advocate the

sort of political action that would put his government salary at risk.

Garoeb's logic in heading the Damara second-tier authority is as unconvincing

as Zulu Chief Gatsha Buthelezi's attempt to change apartheid 'from within'.

Military

According to military sources in Windhoek, at least 63% of the soldiers in the

South West Africa Territory Force (SWATF) are black. The black soldiers are

shouldering an increasing share of the fighting against the People's

Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), Swapo's military wing. Although

conscription laws are in force in Namibia, they have rarely been strictly

enforced in respect to blacks. Lately there have been enough black volunteers

to meet the military's needs.

By shifting the human burden of fighting Swapo to local blacks, Pretoria can

reduce its white manpower commitment to the war. With the continuing upheaval

on its own black townships, it needs the services of its white citizens to

maintain control. Namibianizing the war against Swapo has come in handy in

this regard.

Politically, the South African white community find the human cost of the war

more tolerable if it is black rather than white soliders that are killed. By

getting blacks to 'defend' their own subjugation, South Africa is able to

retain control and simultaneously address the Anti-Conscription Campaign

within its white constitutency. The officer corps will of course remain white

and answerable only to Pretoria. This is likely, to remain the case despite

talk of establishing a defence portfolio within the interim cabinet.

An army career has in recent years become more and more acceptable within the

black community. In Owamboland today, soldiers in uniform freely mix with

civilians at drinking places. Only a few years ago such was the hostility to

the military that mixing was rare. Poverty and lack of sophistication amongst

blacks has been exploited by the military to further erode political

resistence.

The San people (often referred to by the derogatory term 'Bush men') have been

absorbed into the army as trackers against Swapo insurgents. Their ability to

'smell' a human being from miles away has proved an asset to military

operations.

; '' i

61
Angolan Citizens

Although there are no reliable figures available, there are tens of thousands

of Angolan nationals in Namibia. The haphazard nature of colonial boundaries

in the last century split families and tribes. It is estimated that over half

of the Owambo tribes reside across the border in southern Angola. Because

they speak the same dialects, the Angolans are indistinguishable from the

locals.

Those Angolan refugees that entered the country in 1975/76 came mainly from

the southern and south-eastern tribes generally sympathetic to the UNITA rebel

leader Jonas Savimbi. As a result of financial inducements and also as

gratitude for South African hospitality, the Angolans have had no qualms about

rendering mercenary service against Swapo. The 32 Buffalo Brigade includes

ex-soldiers of Holden Robert's FNLA movement. They are reported to feature

prominently in the army's cross border raids into southern Angola. The

presence of armed black mercenaries who are physically and linguistically

indistinguishable from Namibians must pose long-term security problems for any

future black government in this country.

Community Infiltration

Evidence has emerged in the last few years that the South African army

initiated the formation of politico-cultural organisations in the 'operational

areas'. In Owamboland, the organisation is called ETANGO, while in the

Kavango military district it is called EZUVA. The equivalent in Eastern

Caprivi is the NAMWI foundation. In all the cases, the army-directed

organisations have sought to promote a more positive image of the armed forces

and simultaneously spread anti-Swapo propaganda. The organisations'

generosity by way of cash and free T'shirts has proved a drawcard to the

largely impoverished rural black population.

Despite claims to the contrary, the politico-cultural bodies seem to be the

beginnings of a formalised attempt to create pro-South Africa, community based

political institutions in the war zones. While the political debate remains

stalemated, the South African military is quietly building political-military

structures that it could in future rely on the subvert genuine nationalism and

independence. The lessons from the RENAMO rebellion in Mozambique show that

with sufficient training and money, even a relatively small politico-terrorist

group can paralyse a country.

Etango or indeed any of the other army-sponsored organisations are unlikely to

grow into a political alternative to Swapo and yet because of their South

African-supplied financial and other resources, it would be foolhardy of any

future government to ignore them.

Even the interim government views the political-cultural organisations. In

1985, Deputy Justice Minister Katuutire Kaura accused the army's involvement

with Etango as a South African attempt to undermine the transitional

government. Although perhaps a little exaggerated, the minister's comments

confirm that the government has no control over Etango.

62
Judiciary

From its inception, apartheid has relied on judges and other officers of the

court who have willingly enforced its racist and inhuman laws. Courts in

Namibia and South Africa routinely preside over the jailing and 'legal

killing' of defendants in numerous 'terrorism' and 'treason' trials. While

expressing outrage at armed resistance, the courts have remained quiet about

the inherent violence of the apartheid system. At all times the judges

involved have absolved their role by simplistic arguement that they do not

make the laws, but merely interpret them.

The establishment proclamation (R101) included an annexture entitled

"Fundamental Bill of Rights and Objectives". But for its vagueness and

escapist phraseology the document looks impressive on paper. The document

purported to show that the new government would accord all Namibians their

rights, on much the same lines as the United Nations charter does. Reality,

however, has proved otherwise. The bill has neither stopped nor prevented

continuing army excesses against civilians in the operational areas. Indeed,

in a recent decision, the courts ruled that there was no conflict between the

provisions of the bill and the martial law conditions in the north of the

country.

In the name of upholding the bill, however, the courts have passed judgements

against the state which although superficial, have had a perceptible lulling

effect on the opposition.

Last year the courts ruled that Swapo coulds legally hold meetings. And in

another judgement they overturned a government requirement that newspapers put

up a R20 000 deposit before they could publish.

The effect of these inconsequential judgements has been the creation of an

erroneous impression (amongst blacks) that the courts In Namibia are

politically impartial and can be allies against apartheid.

The judgement allowing Swapo to hold meetings has not stopped official

disruption of such gatherings. And yet opposition politicians are showing

in-ordinate faith in using the courts to bring down the status quo.

Giving blacks the impression that they can free themselves by resorting to the

courts is a convenient diversionary tactic by Pretoria. Once again it keeps

the blacks divided and pre-occupied with illusions.

The South African government has been known to change laws overnights in order

to counter what it considers unfavourable court decisions. That Swapo is

allowed to hold public meetings is less an indication of the courts'

impartiality when Pretoria's increasing confidence that it can control the

situation within the country. This also explains the fact that the state of

emergency regulations recently imposed in South Africa (and the Bantiistans)

63
were not extended to cover Namibia. President Botha did not see the need to

do that because the low level and largely ineffectual opposition agitation

could be contained by the existing laws.

Traditional Elite

Chiefs and Headmen remain South Africa's most important means of controlling

rural blacks. The establishment of second-tier ethnic government gave the

traditional elite an even greater stake in the apartheid system. At least two

thirds of the Namibian people live in the rural areas and thus fall under the

direct control of the traditional rulers. Although they understand the fact

of their subjugation, the rural majority often lack the education and

awareness to understand South Africa's increasingly subtle methods of control.

A peculiarity of Namibian politics is the fact that leaders can collaborate

with South African colonialism but still remains credible in the eyes of their

people.

Chiefs Justus Gareob and Peter Kalangula head of the Damara and Owambo ethnic

administrations respectively. In that role they are Pretoria's principle

channel of control over their subjects. And yet both leaders have

constituencies and often join opposition leaders in plotting the system's

downfall. Both chiefs derive financial and other benefits from their

government paid jobs. They have a stake in the system that they (in theory)

would like to bring down. That the two are considered 'progressive' shows the

general lack of public awareness vis-a-vis Pretoria's control structures.

Garoeb is considered Swapo's ally and has, under Sam Nujoma's auspices

addressed international gatherings convened to co-ordinate apartheids demise.

Although openly critical of Kalangula's collaboration with South Africa, Swapo

has generally refrained from antagonising Garoeb on this issue. Garoeb enjoys

the loyalty of the Damaras, Namibia's second largest tribe. Although Swapo

has adherents within the tribe, it can not rival the chief's popularity. In

Namibia's rural context, ethnicity takes precedence over political principle.

According to evidence presented to the Thirion Commission investigating

financial wastage in ethnic governments, Garoeb's administration was amongst

the most corrupt and incompetent. And yet the chief has never been asked to

explain himself by his humble subjects. African respect for chiefs, coupled

with rural simplicity have enabled cunning leaders to get away with criminal

complicity in the country's continued subjugation. The evidence lead by the

Thirion Commission could convict dozens of guilty chiefs and headmen. But

South Africa has never seriously contemplated pressing charges, least it

antagonised its traditional collaborators. Despite protestations to the

contrary, men like Garoeb have played into the hands of apartheid and made

South Africa's occupation that much easier and cheaper.

Prospects

While South Africa can never expect to win the hearts and minds of the

Namibian people, it has succeeded in creating 'black structures' through which

64
it is able to retain control of the country. For financial gain increasing

numbers of the Namibian modern and traditional elites have wittingly and

unwittingly signed up to serve apartheid. Where as in the past such

collaboration was confined to semi-literate blacks joining the colonial army

and police, they now include well educated black nationalists, whatever its

failings, the Transitional government represents a significant step in South

Africa's efforts in co-opting nationalist leaders, past and present. Even

without external recognition, the new government has served Pretoria's purpose

in engaging and confusing the black majority. Pitting black against black has

reduced the financial and political image costs of subjugating Namibia.

Only an intense and well co-ordinated political conscientization programme can

break the lethargy and confusion that has invaded the Namibian resistance.

Until this happens it is doubtful if the broad masses will be in a position to

clearly identify the 'enemy' and its proxies. The collapse of various

opposition alliances can be traced to the contradictions of lumping together

committed nationalists with political opportunists and collaborators.

The political apathy that has enveloped the country has made South Africa's

work easier. The political opposition has thus far failed to effect a

strategy that will do so much as keep the independence 'dream' alive. In the

face of an increasingly vocal and aggressive interim cabinet opposition

leaders have shrank and recoiled into inactivity. The struggle has been put

on ice. In the last eight months the secretary general and foreign secretary

of Swanu-'Left' have gone back into exile. Although the official explanation

is that the office bearers will 'intensify the struggle from abroad', no one

has been fooled by such misrepresentation. With the lack of movement toward

independence, the two leaders decided to quit.

Botha's dilemna in South Africa is the fact that the black political

resistance has reached a stage where each time the leaders are arrested (or

co-opted), new ones emerge from the ranks. Vacillating and indecisive leaders

are quickly replaced by more radical ones. Arresting leaders has not slowed

down the struggle and hence the decision to impose a wholesome ban of

political acitivity under the emergency regulations.

The Namibian struggle has not yet reached the self-sustaining phase.

Consequently the internal political momentum rises and falls with the leaders'

performances. There has been an actual regression in political awareness and

agitation in Namibia in the last six years. The vicissitudes of the

independence debate in the last decade have in their wake left a demoralised

public. Most people have now set their sights lower and are concentrating

more on personal advancement than the broader quest for national independence.

While South Africa may not be wholly responsible for the chain of events that

have undermined the Namibian resistance, it remains the obvious beneficiary of

the present state of affairs. Rather sadly, the opposition leaders have

failed to rise to the occasion.

/13104

CSO: 3400/154

65
NAMIBIA

HENDRICKSE'S nWEGRATION APPROACH CRITICIZED

Windhoek DIE REPÜBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 6 Jan 87 p 4

[Editorial: "Swimming Incident"]

[Text] The swimming incident of the Rev. Allan Hendrickse, leader of the

South African Labor Party and chairman of the House of Representatives, at a

beach area reserved for whites only in Port Elizabeth is tragic for two

reasons. In the first place it is tragic that the swimming incident of a

South African citizen—a member of the country's cabinet!—should still be in

question at all. It's perhaps unbelievable that after years of reform the

situation is such that it becomes main political news when a man with brown

skin sticks a toe somewhere in the big blue ocean. There cannot be any

question of much reform when that is still the state of affairs. Put

differently (and put gently!): it's clear that there is still room for quite a

bit of reform.

But that's just one side of the affair. The Rev. Hendrickse's challenge to

the present system is no less tragic. The Rev. Hendrickse knows that things

are in the process of changing. He knows that it is a question of time before

institutionalized apartheid in the RSA will be buried with hide and hair. He

also knows that his party's participation in the RSA's political process has

made a tremendous contribution to switching over from one system to another

system. Why then now suddenly confrontation politics, even going as far as

polarization politics? There is enough of both in the RSA. The Rev.

Hendrickse, who has acquired a particular name with his level-headedness,

ought not to be a party to a process where other poles are created besides the

main poles. The South African Colored people have a particular task to

depolarize relations; not to stir the kettle of confrontation. The solution

lies precisely in less politics and more humanity from all sides.

13084

CSO: 3401/44

66
NAMIBIA

PROSPECTS FOR NEW YEAR VIEWED

Windhoek DIE REFUBUKEIN in Afrikaans 5 Jan 87 p 4

[Editorial: "New Demands"]

[Text] The year has started with clear indications of the challenges lying

ahead. Nor would any realist have expected that the problems of the previous

year (and years) would disappear as if by a miracle during the holiday season.

As for the economy, there is still no favorable change in sight at all.

Rather, the contrary is true: Stubborn inflation in South Africa, rising

prices and costs (the rise in bread and sugar prices were bitterly early

warnings!) and the unpredictable consequences of the sanction campaign against

the Republic of South Africa. It is to be doubted whether the rand will

recover dramatically. So, the demands that are going to be made on producer

and consumer are not going to ease up. Another year will have to be tackled

with daring and deliberation, and we will have to work hard and live frugally

to its end. As regards politics, there will likewise not be any opportunity

for a breathing space.

By all indications an election is going to be held in the RSA. As for that

country's internal political development, it is to be hoped that the white

voting public will declare themselves overwhelmingly in favor of reform. And

it's to be hoped that such an attitude will be greeted with a spirit of

cooperation by all the other people of the country. It is to be doubted

whether any election outcome—rarely of whatever nature—will have any

influence on the foreign attack on South Africa, for clear indications of a

change in policy were not enough to ward off international opposition last

year. More than just an election outcome will be needed to normalize

conditions.

There may not be a standstill in SWA/Namibia, nor a deviation from the course

which has been taken. The hard work of years to bring about social justice

bore visible fruit last year. SWA/Namibia's people were able to experience

with gratitude that several international powers took note of the remarkable

progress that has been made here. We have been excluded from sanction

measures by the European community and we have been defended against the

propaganda of the anarchists. But that is only one aspect of the story. What

is also true is that our country is not experiencing internal crises, that we

can continue to build and that we can persist in creating a new framework.

67
What is important is not primarily what is happening outside the country, but

what is being achieved inside the country. That is what the future depends

on. We must go on diligently.

As for our country's most important industry, agriculture, things are not

looking good in many parts. The drought which has lasted for years is still

continuing and there is not yet any hope for an eventual good year for the

whole country. It is to be hoped that the rainy season will not pass without

a dramatic turn. It's fortunately still early enough for such a turn. But

it's already time to plan now in case we will have to cope with another

abnormal year. As for our general relations, each and every one will have to

do everything in his power to make our country the most fortunate on earth.

It costs us nothing to be decent and well-mannered.

13084

CSO: 3401/44

68
NAMIBIA

PRIORITY SEEN GIVEN WHITE-OWNED FARMS OVER PEASANT FARMING

Windhoek SOUTHERN AFRICA FOCUS in English Feb 87 pp 11-12

[Text] Namibia'a agriculture is characterized by two prominent features.

Commerical farming which developed in two main branches, namely cattle farming

on the central plateau and karakul farming in the south, on the one hand and

subsistence farming, involving the majority of the black population, on the

other.

Subsistence Farming Sector

Two thirds of all Namibians lives in rural areas, depending partly or wholly

on agriculture for their income. Approximately 120 000 peasants are engaged

in subsistence farming, but their contribution to total agricultural sales is

only 5%. Official estimates of millet production (the staple food of the

people in the north) has fallen from 32 700 tons in 1970 to 25 000 tons in

1978. An area that was once self-sufficient in food is now dependant on the

wage remittances of the migrant workers to make up for the shortfall. A 1974

South African survey estimated that 34% of rural Owambo cash expenditure went

to buy food. The shortage of land, the uncertainty of rainfall, the sandy

soil and the absence of agricultural extension services to peasant farmers all

combine to explain the insufficiency of food in the north of the country.

Overgrazing and inferior livestock are further aggravating factors.

In order to understand the reasons for the present state of communal farming,

it is important to look at the history of colonial occupation.

It was the policy of first the German and later the South African colonial

administration to make land available to white settlers. This required the

wholesale seizure of land, thereby reducing the area available to peasant

farming. In this way the dis-possessed were forced to become wage labourers.

Through expropriation and socalled protection treaties, and coupled with the

extermination campaign during the Nama and Herero wars at the turn of the

century, the central and southern plateaux were cleared for white occupation.

The result of this policy Is that, today, 80% of all arable farming land is in

the hands of a mere 5 000 white farmers. The black population was forced to

live in crowded reserves, providing a source of cheap immigrant labour for the

white farmers. At any time, unemployed or unfit workers could be sent back to

the reserves after their usefulness had expired.

69
Commerical Sector

After the annexation of the territory, South Africa started a settlement drive

for its growing number of landless rural Afrikaners. The new immigrants were

given financial and technical assistance. Besides, there was always cheap

black labour available for a song. Soon many farmers prospered. With the

introductin of Karakul sheep, the farmers in the south discovered a valuable

export commodity. The pelts found their way into the fashion industry of

Europe and America.

In the mid seventy's the karakul industry had its boom years. Production

reached 5 million skins per year, fetching high prices on the European

markets. But by the early eighties, the industry had come to a near halt. A

worldwide economic recession, the drought in Namibia and a switch in fashion

trends had the prices plummeting. While a karakul skin in 1979 went for

R16.10 on the international market, by 1982 the price had fallen to a low

R9.89. To avert bankruptcy of a large number of karakul farmers the state

intervened to give financial assistance in the form of subsidies and cheap

loans. Today's karakul sheep herd is 1.5 million, a mere 25% of its peak

years in the mid seventy's.

Cattle Farming

A similar pattern can be observed in the cattle industry. Until the late

seventies, the demand and price for beef was very high. As a result, most

farmers on the central and northern plateaux abandoned the production of dairy

products and switched to beef cattle raising. At the time of high demand, 80%

of Namibian cattle were sent live to South Africa. But this dependence proved

disastrous in late seventies when the South African market was glutted. The

quota for Namibian cattle was reduced and the prices fell sharply. This

factor, coupled with the drought accounted for the drop in the national herd

from 1.6 million in 1978 to just over 1.0 million in 1985. The decline in

output resulted in the abattoir in Otavi being put on standby in 1984 and the

abandonment of the newly constructed R30 million meat processing plant in

Gobabis.

Cereals

Cereal production on a commercial basis has never been encouraged and is

confined to a small number of farms in the Tsumeb, Grootfontein and Otavi

triangle.

A new figure will illustrate the heavy dependence on imports of cereals from

South Africa. Local wheat production reached 5 700 tons in the 1986/87

season, but actual consumption per annum is 32 000 tons. Maize production was

28 000 tons, leaving a shortfall of 32 000 tons. 6 000 tons of sunflower

seeds were harvested locally, but a further 10 000 tons were needed to meet

demand. As for sugar, the entire yearly consumption of 50 000 tons has to be

imported.

70
Conclusion

The crisis in the Namibian agricultural sector is a combination of various

factors. Drought and war are the obvious ones. Equally to blame is the

system of state subsidies which favoured profitable white-owned farms at the

expense of peasant agriculture.

For too long, the communal sector has been neglected by the state's

agricultural policy makers. Research, technical and financial assistance was

geared towards the wellbeing of the white commercial farmers. For political

reasons, the South African administration has pursued a policy that would

ensure the perpetual loyalty of the white farming community.

As long as South Africa controls the price and demand of Namibia's meat

products; and for as long as European fashion trends set the price for karakul

pelts, the fate of the entire commerical agricultural sector will remain

hostage to variables outside Namibia's control.

/13104

CSO: 3400/154

71
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

PINTO DA COSTA RESHUFFLES CABINET, CREATES NEW MINISTRIES

Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Jan 87 p 9

[Text] Manuel Pinto da Costa, president of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome

and Principe, has remodeled the cabinet, creating 14 new ministries and 4

national directorates, the national radio of Sao Tome reported.

The radio report added that Pinto da Costa relieved Agostinho da Silveira Rita

of the post of minister of planning and domestic trade, to which he was named

in February 1986.

Manuel Pinto da Costa, president of the republic and chief of the government,

will himself assume the post of minister of the economy and planning.

Tome Dias da Costa has returned to the government, now as minister of transportation and communications.

Dias da Costa, once a member of the Political Bureau of the MLSTP [.Movement for

the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe], was dismissed from the post of defense

minister last April and reduced to membership in the MLSTP ranks.

The Government of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe is now

constituted as follows:

Manuel Pinto da Costa, president of the republic, chief of the government,

minister of the economy and planning; Tome dias da Costa, minister of transportation and communications; Oscar Agui&r, minister of agriculture and rural development: Francisco Pires, minister of justice and of the civil service; Raul

Braganca Neto, minister of defense and domestic order; Celestino Rocha da Costa,

minister of state, of education, of labor and of social security; Manuel Vaz

Fernandes, minister secretary of the council of ministers; Joao Tomas Barbosa

Neto, minister of information; Frederico Sequeira, minister of health;

Guilherme Posser da Costa, minister of foreign affairs; Fradique de Menezes,

minister of cooperation; and Carlos Braganca, minister of commerce, industry

and fishing.

The creation of the Ministry of the Economy and Planning, the Finance Ministry

and Ministry of Cooperation and the elimination of a ministry for tourism are

the most important changes in the new government list announced by Henrique

Pinto da Costa, director of the office of the presidency.

72
Guilherme Posser da Costa, former secretary of state for foreign affairs and

currently ambassador in Brussels, has been called to the post of foreign

affairs minister, while Manuel Vaz Fernandes, who has been minister of public

communications and secretary of the council of ministers, leaves the Communiations Ministry and will serve only as minister secretary of the council of

ministers.

Joao Barbosa Neto, who will assume the new Information Ministry, is currently

director of the National Radio and head of the MLSTP Central Committee.

6362

CSOt 3442/79

73
SENEGAL

JOINT MILITARY MANEUVERS CONDUCTED WITH FRENCH

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 22 Jan 87 pp 2-3

[Excerpts] The military maneuvers at Dodji have come to an end, climaxing

2 weeks of troop training punctuated on the last day by a gunnery drill with

live ammunition involving the infantry, heavy artillery, tanks and French

forces stationed in Cape Verde.

It was a successful test of the operational capabilities of our Army, but

also of the reliability of combined operations of Senegalese and French

forces. Gen Tavarez Da Souza, chief of staff of the Armed Forces, expressed

his complete satisfaction and emphasized the level achieved by one of the

best armies in the subregion.

The exercise had two major objectives: testing the capabilities of joint

French-Senegalese groups for engaging in combined actions and, following

training, placing the troops under actual conditions of fire.

Pocket of Resistance

In this framework, Dodji is the last enemy pocket of resistance, Linguere

(25 km) having been liberated during the night in the course of an operation

commencing at 1900 hours. In the morning, we had come to witness the last

phase of the fighting and and last day of 2 weeks of training with an exercise

under live ammunition.

With rare precision, the heavy artillery went into action. On the hill representing the last positions of the elements of the state Carmin, all hell

suddenly broke loose, while the infantry moved up on the other side. The

105-mm cannons, 120-mm mortars and rocket launchers did not hesitate. An

enemy army would have paid dearly to stand up to the 10 minutes of pounding.

"We could even have brought in our tactical air support," Colonel Goudiaby

said.

Lacking air support, it was the AML (automatic machine guns) of the 23d BIMA

that made their entry. Lined up on the forwardmost point, they added to the

12.5 heavy machine guns and 90-mm cannons. It was a spectacular display,

another model of precision conferred by experience born of consistent training.

74
If the main goal of the exercise was initially to test the operational

capabilities of the different units of the Senegalese Army and the staff's

ability to plan an operation of this nature, involving the French forces

at Cape Verde, the test at Dodji turned out to be more than conclusive.

The Senegalese Army, considered to be one of the best on the continent, had

once more justified its reputation.

11,464

CSO: 3419/68

75
SENEGAL

LD/MPT JALLARBI PLAN CRITICIZED

Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 22 Jan 87 p 7

[Article by Babacar Waly Diom, member of the Socialist Party Study and Research Group (GER)]

[Text] In the first part of the debate that we published yesterday, Babacar

Waly Diom, member of the Socialist Party Study and Research Group, maintains

that even if the Socialist Party does not have a monopoly on truth, it does

on national actions.

Today, in the second part of his analysis of the national political situation, Diom notes that the Jallarbi Plan of the Democratic League/Movement

for the Labor Party (LD/MPT) proposed to overturn a whole scale of values

ofe^emo7rraey--and_^reedom.

In his opinion, the Senegalese people cannot accept this.

We have seen the Jallarbi Plan, which the Democratic League/Movement for the

Labor Party (LD-MPT) adopted following its Second Regular Congress. Suddenly,

the requirements of our nation force us to plunge back into the political

debate, to express our convictions and criticisms, with courtesy, naturally,

but also with absolute clarity.

We must recognize that the LD is a rather well-organized party, as required

by the rigorous dogmatism of Marxism-Leninism, which it claims to follow.

In that sense, the ouster of the original leader, Babacar Sane, never before

explained, is proof of its "revolutionary effectiveness."

Once again, we should not like to start by fighting the automatism of the

opposition's systematic criticism, only to fall back into facile negativism,

out of partisanism.

Inasmuch as politics is a blend of the real and the imaginary, an art of what

is ideal and what is possible, any perspective intended to be honest and

effective must reject the credo of static momolithism professed by the

"leftist left" of our country for nearly half a century.

76
Marx, the "big boss" of socialism and dialectic reasoning, has the historical

merit of having revealed the coherence of his logic to politics. But the

other truth is that at no time in his life did he seek to make his doctrine

remain a frozen, dogmatic formula, applicable without discernment, as our

guardian angels of the revolution now want us to understand it.

On the contrary, Marx emphasized the importance of the historic and economic

conditions of every country and every people.

Whatever the case, the Socialist Party, from the time of its creation, has

tackled thaat arduous and courageous task of rereading Marxism in the light

of our own material and spiritual Africanness.

But the basic question posed by the Jallarbi Plan of the LD/MPT is this:

Why should we go 20 years backwards and start all over from scratch? Why,

at a time when our political system is cited everywhere as an example of

wisdom and courage, should we sow Jallarbi's seed in order, in 20 years,

to reap the tempest of the revolution or social disorganization? On this

subject, has anyone tried to faithfully express the aspirations of our

people?

In short, the Jallarbi Plan, as presented, brings up a whole series of

political and economic concerns, but also philosophical and moral questions.

Actually, it is a whole scale of values of democracy and freedom that the

plan proposes to overturn, a whole set of political and economic accomplishments that the plan would wipe out. And what is all the ruckus about?

Solely in order to propose the horrors of institutional dictatorship, social

intolerance and economic mediocrity laid out by all the African regimes

that have followed the path of the red siren? No! Senegalese people of age

will not be duped!

The fact is that beyond the presentation of the forms, there are things left

unsaid that deserve to be exposed. Why, for example, should we mint a new

national currency and consequently, leave our regional zone of solidarity

and monetary stability, precisely at a time when African nations near to or

far from us that have paid the price for trying to go it alone are now seeking

to get back into our fine circle of active brotherhood which the West African

Monetary Union is?

Thus it is that regarding ideological formulation and coherence, the Jallarbi

Plan sins and stumbles for other reasons that have names: political naivete

a narrow vision of economic facts, lack of logic and political simplism.

In other words, the LD is perhaps a well-organized Communist Party in the

sense of Marxist orthodoxy, but it is far front-being, in our country, "the

party offering an alternative to the current regime," as it proclaims.

A political alternative cannot be imposed on a nation by virtue of a ricochet

effect. Logically, it must be the result or success of a proposed society

in keeping with the will of the people for whom it is; destined.

77
That is why this political and economic vision of our country, as presented

in the Jallarbi Plan, cannot be the faithful interpreter of the concerns of

our people in a world moving so quickly toward universal modernism.

Furthermore, is what this plan calls "the acceleration of the revolutionary

process," for example, nothing more than a subtle political camouflage for

another intention of the hammer and cycle that does not dare to say its name?

Naturally, we can simply argue, in our condition as the party in power, that

an opposition party plan that wishes, on the eve of an election, to come to

power in a period of 20 long years is retreating and following a strategy of

defeat. But that would be a mistake of thoughtlessness, on our part.

That is why we have preferred to view the Jallarbi Plan directly and, by

virtue of a calm reading, discern its real intentions.

In that, the program of the LD-MPT is a plan of social disorganization, economic disintegration and political or institutional dearticulation. At the

proper time, our people will reject it in complete freedom.

Along this same line of ideas, the Senegalese Democratic Alliance, which

includes four opposition parties, also turns out to be a swindle by politicians seeking power, for how could one conceive of an ideologically coherent

alliance between a pure, hard-line Marxist-Leninist party and another that

assumes, as such, the vice presidency of the liberal International?

Does this unnatural alliance, with its immediate effect, not denote in the

clearest possible fashion the blind ambition for power of the "puppets for

change"?

Our nation requires a vision of dignity and grandeur on the part of Senegalese

politicians. It can never be a question of cashing in on some democratic

rigor with the denunciation of everything that would alter the image of peace,

responsibility and intelligence that the entire world has of our country.

11,464

CSO: 3419/68

78
SENEGAL

BRIEFS

CANADIAN AID TO FISHING—Late yesterday afternoon, Mamoudou Toure and Serge

April, Canada's minister of economy and finance and ambassador to Dakar, signe

signed three agreement protocols in the field of Canadian-Senegalese cooperation. The three protocols involve a sum of $12 million (2.7 billion CFA

francs) and concern different projects in the fields of fishing protection

and surveillance, maritime support and cottage fishing. Regarding fishing

protection and surveillance, it is a question, ever since the project began

in 1981 following expansion of the exclusive maritime zone to 200 nautical

miles, of strengthening the existing system. Such action will make it possible to preserve and avoid the looting of our ocean resources and optimize

their foreign exchange potential. To do so, the project will be given a surveillance aircraft equipped with sophisticated detection and scientific equipment to evaluate fishing resources. Administratively speaking, part will be

allocated to improve the management of all activities in the project, while

another part will be used to overhaul three patrol boats. In the sector of

cottage fishing, the Djifer project will receive funds enabling it to continue

its recovery in the direction of an effective return to the private sector,

based on all socioeconomic aspects. The project was born following the failure of the former SOSEPINE fish flour plant. [Excerpt] [Dakar LE SOLEIL

in French 16 Jan 87 p 8] 11,464

INFORMATION COOPERATION WITH GAMBIA—Senegambian authorities are ready to use

all possible means to make the press, on a confederal level, a more efficient

factor in rapprochement. This is the substance of remarks made by the confederal minister of information yesterday at the beginning of the first

annual session of the Confederal Information Commission. That commission

includes Senegalese and Gambian information experts and it meets alternately

in Banjul and Dakar. As Minister Djibo Ka said yesterday, it is one of the

best ways of giving the confederation a political dimension in keeping with

the aspirations of the Senegambian people. In the opinion of the confederal

minister of communications, it is "an irreplaceable instrument for building

and consolidating the Confederation," which is why an essential place is

granted to it. However, according to Djibo Ka, outside of television, which

"can be considered as Senegambian television," the other media: the written

press and radio, are not yet at that stage. It is therefore necessary, he

continued, "for these instruments of communication to play their role.

We are ready to promote and coordinate them." Plans have already been made.

79
The AGENCE DE PRESSE SENEGALAISE and the Gambian Information Services must

come together and constitute a coherent instrument for the regular circulation of information between Senegal and Gambia. Radio cooperatxon wxll be

intensified. Information officials could envisage the transformation of

SENEGAL D'AUJOURD'HUT into a confederal newspaper. Djibo Ka also asked that

the commission take an in-depth look at the possibilities of making television "one of the most effective elements of the confederal policy of information." [By A. Fall] [Text] [Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 16 Jan 87 p 6]

11,464

CSO: 3419/68

80
SEYCHELLES

BRIEFS

TUNA AGREEMENT WITH EEC—The Seychelles and the European Economic Community

have just renewed for three years their fishing agreement which expired oh

January 10. A maximum of 40 tuna boats, 22 French and 18 Spanish, are now

authorised to fish in the Seychelles exclusive economic zone. The previous

agreement, for 27 boats, covered only the French tuna fleet. The EEC

has pledged to pay Seychelles financial compensation amounting to six

million ECUs over three years, at the rate of two million per year. In

addition, the Community will allocate 750,000 ECUs for a scientific programme

aimed at increased knowledge of the region's fish population. The boat

owners, for their part, will pay the Seychelles treasury 5,000 ECUs per

vessel every fishing season, as well as 20 ECUs for every tonne of fish

caught, a sum which is unchanged. Also in the fishing sector, Seychelles

signed at the end of December an agreement with Japan for the funding by

the Japanese agency for international co-operation of a coastal fishing

development project costing 10 million rupees (around 1.7 million dollars).

[Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 17 Jan 87 p 6] /9317

CSO: 3400/179

81
SIERRA LEONE

SOVIET COOPERATION. FISHING ASSISTANCE DISCUSSED

Freetown WE YONE in English 16 Jan 87 pp 5-6

[Article by Mohamed S. Koroma]

[Text] On April 27th, 1961 the Soviet Union was one of the firts

countries to declear the recognition of the young independent state of Sierra Leone.

The Soviet Union shows

great respect for the struggle of the African people

for their freedom and the

right to independent economic developement.

Solidarity with the states

which have gained free

dorn from colonial oppression and with the peoples,

who are upholding their

independence has been

and remains, one of the

mutua [extension of the

most favoured nation

states.

With the advent to

power in Sierra Leone of

the AU Peoples Congress

Party (APC) in 1968, the

second stage of Sierra

Leone - Soviet relations

began.

Medicine, educatione

geology, forestry, agriculture, engineering—tnes,

fundamental principles of cover just some of the

Soviet foreign policy- aspect of present Soviet—

The foreign policy of a Sierra Leone coo perations.

socialist country is such a Visits of. parliamentary and

policy which not by words other delegations of Sierra

but by deeds realises the Leone and return visits of

external dreams of mankind

to a brighter future.

On January, 18, 1987

Sierra Leone will mark a

remarkable e vent the 25th

anniversary of the establi

Soviet delegations in these

years, have testified to the

successful development of

relations between the USS

R and Sierra Leone.

The USSR's relations

shment of diplomatic rela£ with Sierra Leone, as with

tions between the Soviee other newly free countries

Union and Sierra Leone

Much has been don

over the past period to

bring closer and strengthen

friendship between the

Soviet and Sierra Leone

an people;, which has stood

the test of time.

The two countries coneeluded an agreement trade

cooperation back in 1965

and later concluded agreements on economic, technical and cultural cooperation in 1973.

In these agreements the

two states provided for the

have the main aim of contributing to complete and

genuine decolonisation.

Also of great significance

in the economic cooperation between Sierra Leone

and the Soviet Union is

fishing.

In 1976, the two countries signed the agreement

on cooperation in this

Held.

As a result, the Sierra

Fishing Company was se

up and helped developed

appreciably this economic

sector.

Today it is al arge modern

enterprise with its fleet,

a Nautical Sshool, a moorage a fish smoking factory

refrigerators and a network

of wholesale fish centres.

In ten years, the consumption of fish products has

grown several fold.

This was ach'eved, thanks

to regular supplies to the

local market from Soviet

traw lers which drew a lie

ence to fish in Sierra Leonean waters.

Under the inter-governmental agreement, Sierra

Fishing receives 15 per cent

of the total fish caught by

the Soviet trawlers for the

right ofishing in our wa

ters.

Under the protocol signed

in November 1986, 20,000

tons of fish (1/00-1,700

tons) monthly will be supp

lied to Sierra Leone in this

year.

Apart from licensed

fishing and supplies of Sea

Products, the USSR helps

Sierra Leone conduct resources on board the Soviet

ships, studying fish resource

ces with thir Soviet colleagues.

The USS R teachers train

personnel for the fish industry of Sierra Leone at

Siaka Stevens Marine School, and there are more

than 50 local specialists do

permanent pracical work

on Soviet trawlers

At present more than 40

Sierra Leonean students

82
ing national skilled specialists for various branches

of economic, public and

cultural, life.

The President of Sierra

Leone His Excellency Dr

.J. S. Momoh, speaking

aboutthe successes achived

in the field of edcuation

today, characterised them

as the baisis fora faster

progre ssive develcrircr.t

of the Republic of ierra

Leone.

For over 15 years now,

Soviet doctors have been

working at the Government hospital in Magburaka where they supervise

the pra-ctical training of

the young Sierra Leoneans

graduated from the USSR.

Today m-re than 700

Sierra Leoneans trained

by Soviet higher and secon

dary technical schools are

employed with success by

the Sierra Leone Government.

Several hundreds of

students from Sierra Leone

are now studing in the USSR free of cost.

The Sierra Leone-Soviet

Friendship Society was

organised at the Initiative

of Sierra Leonean people

in 1971 to promote the

friendly and cultural contacts between the two coun

.tries.

The Society has afficiliations in the all corners of

the country.

The Sierra Leone-Soviet

Friendsnip Society makes a tangible contirbution to

development and strenthening of the cultural and

friendly relations between

the two countries and

people.

The people of Sierra

Leone demonstrate growing

interest in studying the

Russian Language for

which purpose special

courses were opened in

Freetown.

Currently, over 500 people are taught Russian here and there are more

than 50 Sierra Leoneans

studing in the Soviet Union

UQder the sponsorship of

J£ Russian Language School in Freetown.

To promotebilateral

trade, economic and scien-

[flc cooperation, the,cham

ber of Commerce and Indu

stTy of the USSR and the

Chamber of Commerce

o? Sierra Leone signeda

special inter-governmental a

^racSle

m

and

7

mutuaUy

advantageous exchange of

Information and delegation

Was begun.

The opening o' ^InformationCentre of the USSR

Chamber of Commerce

and Industry in Sierra Leo

ne attests to ihe expanding

trade, economic scientific

and technical contacts between the two countries.

The Soviet Union

exports various modifi

cations of Jeeps, Niva,

Lada, cars and spares parts

for them, building material

cement butter, medical

preparations, books and

films, and imports from

Sierra Leone 1,500 tons of

ccccoa beansa year.

In 1980, Sierra Leone

and the USSR signed the

protocol on the establishment ofthe Trade Mission

ofthe USSRin Sierra Leone.

Soviet-Sierra Leone

trade relatio ns are characterised by stable growth

of commodity circulation,

which was 3.7 million roubles in 1985 and amounted

to 13.7 million roubles in

1986.

It increased over five

times correspondingly,

Soviet exports trebled

from 1.7 million to5 .2 ' million roubles

Imports augmented more

tthan8 times from 0.5 million roubles to 10 million

roubles.

Trade between the tw

a

countries has been steadily

expanding. " In April 1981, Sierra

Leone and the USSRsigned

an agreement which provi

ded for landing rights to

the Soviet airlines, Aeroflot

Since then Sierra Leone

and Soviet Union have

become closer to each

other, and an air bridge

has been established between Freetown and Moscow

Every year, more than

100 Sierra Leonean students % to the USSR where

they undergo training in

various fields.

After five or six years

they will return back to

Sierra Leone by Aeroflot

planes.

As the Ssecretary-General of the Central Commimittee of the CPSU, Co,

rade Michail Gorbachyov

stressed in one of his major

speeches, the Soviet

Union comes out for just

and mutually advantageous cooperation with the

African countries, so that

this cooporation should

help the economies of the

newly-free states to develop

and thatthe peoples should

be able to effectivelyoppose

the policy of dictat of the

imperialist monopolies.

This is very important

with regard to Sierra

Leone.

The Soviet Union show

s

respect fot the foreign poli

cy of Sierra Leone, highly

appreciating the country's

contribution to the struggle

for the normalisation of

the international situation

the eradication of the vestiges of colonialism, neocolonialismand oppression

Sierra Leoneans highly

appreciate the consistent

policy ofthe Soviet Union

for universal peace and for

he final ban of nuclear

weapons test.

Marking the 25th anniversary of the establishedment ofdiplomatic relation

between the USSR and the

Republic of Sierra. Leone,

the public of this African

country wishesthisfriendly

socialist state greater succe

ess and prosperity for the

benefit of the two peoples

/9274

CSO: 3400/121

83
SIERRA LEONE

PRC ENTERS INTO INDUSTRIAL JOINT VENTURES

Freetown WE YONE in English 17 Dec 86 p 2

[Text]

A CHINESE industrial complex has entered into

partnership with Sumatu International—the complex run

by business tycoon, M. K. Suma—to open a number ol

industries in Sierra Leone, three of which will go into full

production next year

An agreement between

the two parties was signed

in Freetown yesterday.by

Mr. Sang Jiang Bin, VicePresident of China Jilin In

ternational and Technical

Corporation on behalf of

his corporation, and Mr. M.

K. Sumä, on behalf of

Sumatu Interactional.

Agreement was reached

following the signing of pro

tocols by the People's Rep

ublic of China and Sierra

Leone,paving the' way for

joint industrial commercial

enterprises between the two

countries.

Speaking at yesterday's

ceremony, Mr. Suma said

that the occasion marked

another milestone in SinoSierra Leone relations.

In thei>ast, he observed,

the relationship centred aro

und government to govern

ments interests, but this

time private industry has

become involved.

Sumatu Inter national,

he said, feels very proud to

have been selected to work

with Cheinese industries

and they were determined

to meet the challenge.

Apart from the fact that

the new industries would

provide jobs for Sierra

Leoneans, Mr. Suma obse

rved there would be the

cross-pollination and fertilj

satipri of technology and'

development ideas to be

enefited from.

The three factories already

decided on are:

*A shoe-making factory wh

ich will produce some 600,

000 pairs of plastic, rubber

and canvas shoes a year.

*A toothpaste factory who

se products can be exported

to Mano River Union and

ECOWAS sister states.

Alighter assembly plant

to assemble gas lighters to

supplement the use of matMr. Suma said that all

ofthese products will be of

high quality and competitive prices, particulary be

cause oftheir exports orien

tation.

He observed that it Wou

Id be wrong to suggests that

another shoe factory is a

duplication, because feasibility studies have shown

that there is a potential mar

ket in Sierra Leone as well

as for export.

During the cause of the

year, he went on, serious

consideration will be given

to the establishment of fac

tories for the production of

tomato puree and farming

equipment.

u^siderationis being giving to siting some of these

factories outside Freetown.

Speaking on behalf of

the Chinese partners, Mr,

Sang Jiang Bin said that

from the moment ofsigning

the agreement, his organisa

tion will begin to act.

"We wili do our utmost

to set the projects" he affir

med.

Feasibility studies have

been completed, designs and

equipment are ready and

with joint efforts we shall

start our projects soon, he

said.

Present at the singing ceremony was the Commercial -'Counsellor of the

Chinese Embassy in Freetown, Mr. Li Xinde.

/9274

CSOs 3400/121

84
IRAN TO SUPPLY OIL ON DEFERRED PAYMENT BASIS

Freetown THE NEW CITIZEN in English 20 Dec 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

SIERRA LEONE

The Minister of

Foreign Affairs Mr

Abdul Karim Koroma

has returned: from

the Islamic Republic of Iran with

the good news that

the' Islamic Re-pub-*

lie intends to develop: closer eco—

nomic ties with

Sierra Leone,

«r Koroma who■■■• •

held talks with his

Iranian counterpart

Mr. Velayachi was: '

also assured that

Sierra Leone was,

held in hi$h esteem for

; its non*— ,

aligned stand.

.An Iranian .foreign

ministry release on

Monday stated that

the two Foreign Ministers condemned

the apartheid regime of South Africa and regretted the

recalcitrance of the

racist regime of

Pretoria.

In a communique

issued it was also • >

noted that all progressive forces

should be used to

restore the indes**,

pendence of Afghanistan^ a country,

which has been vir*

tually occupied by

Soviet troops.

Mr. Koroma and

Mr Valayachi also

called for the independence of Namibia*

It is also reliably learnt'

that the Iranian

government is prepared to make sales of crude oil to

this cpuncry on

a deferred payment basis which

will ease the? ',"

pressure on government for oil supplies for a perid

of twenty fourmonths*.

If the* proposal

is accepted by the

Sierra Leon» government! and the?

Iranians accept

letters of credit

from the Bank, of

Sierra Leone, it

means that Sierra

Leone can <be as-*

sured of prompt

petroleum simply

that will come

close to hormalis••

ing the petroleum

distribution system.

A similar arrangement was reached

in 1983 when Iran

and Sierra Leone

signed an agreement for the sale

of oil on a defei85
red basis bur at

the time Iran insisted on letters

of credit to be

established with a

first class bank, a

qualification which

the Bank of Sierra

Leone did not meet

resulting in the '. establishment of

letters of credit

with banks abroad

that also required;!

a huge collateral.

Although in the

end the Sierra

Leone government

actually saved 12«

7 million dollars

out of the transition, the nation

could have benefited more if the

letters of credit

were established

with the Bank of

iSierra Leone.

This time, it

is likely that no

second bank would

be involved and

the pressure öf

providing a collateral would be

absent, thereby

creating a situation that would

make Sierra Leone

achieve the full

benefit of pur-

•chasing oil on a

Referred basis«

/9274

CSO: 3400/121

86
SOMALIA

ARABIZATION CAMPAIGN ENTERS SECOND PHASE

Mogadishu HEEGAN in English 16 Jan 87 p 2

[Text] Mogadishu, Thursday—Recommendations on the ways that the Government

departments should take part in the activities of the Second Phase of

Arabic Language expansion campaign was this week presented in Higher

Committee of the Arabic Language Campaign held in the People's Hall here

in Mogadishu.

The meeting, chaired by the Chairman of the Party Bureau for Social Affairs,

Jaalle Abdulqadir Haji Mohamed who is also the Committee's Chairman,

discussed the recommendations by the government departments on the ways

that the civil servants could benefit from this phase of the campaign.

Also in the meeting, reports were read on the education of the civil servants

in the Administration Arabization Institute and the level of the activities

of the Central Secretariat of the Arabic Language Intensification Campaign

in this phase.

Speaking at the meeting, the Higher Committee Chairman, Jaalle Abdulqadir

Haji Mohamed explained the difference between the two phase of the campaign

and the best ways it should be carried out. SONNA

/9317

CSO: 3400/175

87
TANZANIA

PRIME MINISTER URGES EEC TO FIGHT APARTHEID

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 3 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

THK I'rime Minister and First

Vice-President Ndugu Joseph

Warioba, yi'sli-nlay urged the

European Economic Community

(EEC) tu take tougher measures

against the South African

regime.

He said violence in South

Africa would only end when

apartheid was completely

dismantled and the majority of

the population were given the

chance to participate in the

development efforts of their

country, Shihntu reported.

Ndugu Warioba said this

when opening the Africa

Can i bean I'acitic -European

Economic Commu nity

(ACT- EEC) joint assembly in

Arusha

He said: "The international

community has tried to achieve

this by peaceful means but the

South African regime has always

rejected every effort with

arrogance".

The September 1!)85 assembly

meeting held in Greece decided

to impose limited sanctions on

the racist regime.

Ndugu Warioba appealed to

the AtT'EEC Parliamentarians

to influence their countries (o

increase assistance.to the Frontline states, especially Mozambique and Angola, forced to

direct huge sums of development

funds to defend their independence and territorial integrity.

"The South African regime

has imposed a state of

emergency in which innocent

men, women and children are

detained". Under the state of

emergency regulations, more,

than -iiuXM) people were

detained, he added.

Ndugu Warioba also praised

the ACT/EEC cooperation in

promoting and expediting Uneconomic, cultural and social

development of ACT' stales and

consolidate their relations in

solidarity and mutual interest.

Although the Lome HI was

the most innovative of Hie Lome

conventions, there was

dissatisfaction among members

on some issues. ACT states were

dissatisfied with performance, in

the area of financial and

technical assistance, he said.

Ndugu Warioba emphasized

that each state should determine

its own development principles,

strategies and models for its

economy and society. "Any external assistance should be supplemented to the endeavours of

the nation", he stressed.

On population, he said Tanzania needed a population policy

which would not only put emphasis on family planning

methods of population' control,

but also establish linkages with

productive capacity and the

availability of social services

such as education, health and

food and nutrition requirements

to ensure infant mortality was

reduced and life expectancy was

increased.

The co-chairman of the

AtT'EEC joint assembly,

Emile Mworoha of Burundi, told

the opening sesssion that the

assembly was meeting at a time

when A(.T countries were facing

great economic difficulties.

He called member states to

co-operate mid close ranks to

solve the problems.

He said that the Lome convention should play a role in

North-South "Co-operation.

Lome III which came into

being in 1984, he said, gave ample opportunity to solve

economic problems in the ACI"

states.

Mworoha, who is the

President of the Burundi

National Assembly, condemned

acts of aggression committed by

the South African racist

regime against neighbouring

countries.

He pleaded for ACT; EEC

assistance in the fight against

apartheid.

He said the ACP/EEC should

impose measures which would

bring about the downfall of

apartheid in South Africa.

Mworoha called for increased

aid to the Southern African

Developing Co-ordination Conference (SADCC) to enable the

region end economic dependence

on South Africa.

/13104

CSO: 3400/137

88
TANZANIA

EDITORIAL OPPOSES OUTSIDE INTERVENTION IN CHAD

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 2 Feb 87 p 1

(Text]

THE SEEMINGLY perennial problem of Chad has

again assumed crisis

proportions, with severe

implications to the socioeconomic life of the

people.

Latest reports have it

that heavy fighting is fast

spreading to various

parts of the country,

especially outside the

north-eastern town of

Fad a.

Chadian troops are also

reported to have recaptured the key oasis town

of Zouar in the northwestern Tibesti Mountain, following two days

of heavy fighting against

rebel forces.

On the whole, the

situation in Chad — a

poor and famine-prone

country — is a unique

tragedy for Africa

because she has been

wracked ' by factional

conflicts continuously

since gaining independence in 1960.

And like previous

ones, the latest crisis is

not simply an internal

matter. It is a direct

result of foreign in-

/13104

CSO: 3400/137

volvement in a purely

domestic affair.

For as we all know, the

nature of the war in Chad

has taken different stances and different opposing groups in different circumstances.

All along, we have witnessed some vivid

elements of external intervention in one form or

another, a situation

which has greatly contributed to the escalation

of the already complex

atmosphere.

And the glaring truth

is that throughout the

bloody conflicts, the real

victims have always been

the people of Chad.

What makes the

present situation very

alarming and a source of

serious concern .for

Africa. in particular, is

the dangerous escalation

of foreign intervention

which also involves some

big powers.

The geo-political

significance of Chad —•

one of the poorest countries in the world —

stems from its central

location in Africa. The

country also has some intrinsic value due to untapped wealth, including

uranium. Substantial

uranium deposits are in

the Aouzou Strip on the

border with Libya.

Chad is the leading

producer of cotton in

Africa's Franc zone. The

crop accounts for 75 per

cent of the country's export earnings.

But what we want to

stress at this juncture is

that intervention,

whether African or nonAfrican, in the affairs of

Chad only serves to

escalate and prolong the

war, much to the suffering of the Chadian

people.

There is urgent need to

end the present

dangerous position,

allowing Chad to solve

her basically internal

problems in the absence

of outside interference.

We appeal to the people

of Chad to come together

and faithfully discuss

ways of sorting out their

conflict peacefully for the

benefit of the entire

nation.

89
WARIOBA CALLS FOR STRONGER CO-OP UNION MANAGEMENT

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 3 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Mussa Lupatu]

TANZANIA

[Text]

THE I'rime Minist IT anil First

Vice-I'resident, Ndugu Joseph

Warioba, has called fur the

strengthening of tin- managerial

and technical capacity i>f cooperative unions to enhance efficiency.

Ndugu Warioba said here

yesterday that the Co-operative

Uiiii* of Tanzania

(WASHIKIKA) should make this

its first priority because the performance of the unions, since

their re-establishment, had

shown the country's ability to

handle and process crops.

Speaking at the Saba Saba

Fair Ground here after receiving

a procession by Washirika members to mark the Co-operative

Day as part of the celebrations

to mark Arusha Declaration and

(.'CM anniuisarics, Ndugu

Warioba noted:

"The unions have done a

good job in Inlying crops, transportation, storage and

processing... This shows it was a

good decision to re-establish the

union. We should not IK- blinded

by problems facing the unions.

He said that following the reestablishment of the unions,

crop production increased each

year since 1981.

This, Ndugu Warioba said,

was showing the country's

ability to serve and handle

crops. But there were basic

problems, particularly with

primary societies where books of

accounts were poorly kept and

there was theft of funds because

of managerial inadequacy.

"We, therefore, need to

strengthen the managerial and

technical expertise of the

societies", he pointed out.

Ndugu Warioba said because

the co-operative movement was

essential in the process of

building Socialism and Sellreliance, WASHIKIKA should

ensure that unions and cooperative societies were not

dominated by a few people.

iThey should serve all members,

he stressed.

Hesponding to a

WASHIKIKA message which

detailed, among other things,

iproblems of management, liiinnVial accounting, transportation

and storage of crops, Ndugu

Warioba said WASHIKIKA

should leave transportation

problems to the government.

WASHIKIKA should strive to

solve managerial problems

which weie within their abilityMore should be encouraged to

join the movement. They should

I*. encouraged ' to feel they

belonged to the societies because

this was the only way to increase

production, he stressed.

Although farm production increased in the past three, years

after I he re-establishment ot thermions., production figures

remained far below those attained in the mid-ttOs.

"Wc have to care lor the

interest of the people, particularly tin things they need in

piodui lion... Buying of crops

can be (lone by anyone but it is

the contribution and assistance

we give to the peasants that will

make them change (heir poor

fanning ways", the Prime

Minister said.

He also stressed the need for

co-operative |>roduction. If this

was implemented and many

people weie involved in the coopeiative movement, then

Socialism was bound to succeed

in the country, he said.

The WASHIKIKA message,

lead by the Secretary General,

Ndugu David Holela, urged the

Government to ensure that crop

maikcth'g boards paid regional

unions immediately after they

received crops so that peasants'

crops were not purchased on

credit.

He said that the payment lor

crops as well as the auditing of

account books of primary cooperative societies remained

major problems.

Of the 2,(l(i:l societies in the

country, books of only 810

societies were audited last year.

There was need to strengthen

the Government Co-upciati\e

Audit Department, he said.

There was also need to amend

the Co-operative Act to provide

for the formation of co-operative

societies on a more voluntary

and democratic manner. This

would also get rid of interference

by government officials, the

90
/13104

CSO: 3400/137

message said.

WASHMIKA contributed

53,700/- for the people of

Mozambique in their fight

against MNK bandits and

50,000/- towards the construction of the Party Headquarters here.

Ndugu Warioba hailed the

contribution to the people of

Mozambi(|UC and urged that

contributions should be a

continuous exercise because the

struggle in Southern Africa was

a struggle for every Tanzaniaii.

Today, the Party Secretary

General, Ndugu Hashidi

Kawawa, will be the chief guest

at the JUWATA Day.

91
ARTICLE TELLS OF JOB, EDUCATION INEQUALITIES FOR WOMEN

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 2 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Mussa Lupatu]

TANZANIA

[Text]

THE Second Vice-President,

Ndugu Wris Abdul Wakil,

yesterday commended the Tanzania Women's Organisation

(UWT) for bringing the women

together in the struggle for

national development.

Ndugu Wakil made the commendation after receiving a huge

procession of UWT members at.

the Saba Saba grounds here.

Clad in colourful khanga and

vitenge, the women entered the

ground singing and dancing happilyNdugu Wakil, who is also the

Zanzibar President, said the

nation highly valued women's

role in national development. He

said the women continued to

shoulder heavy responsibilities

and performed difficult tasks

despite the fact that some

traditional beliefs were working

against their interests.

Reviewing tr)e performance of

UWT since the Arusha

Declaration, Ndugu Wakil said

the Organisation had tried to

carry out most of the Party and

Government resolutions and

those of international

organisations involved in the

development of women.

He said UWT had managed to

boost its membership from

48,225 in 1967 to about one]

million now. It has organised .

seminars for its members and

has assisted in strengthening of

women's economic groups within

the principles of Socialism and

Self-Reliance.

/13104

CSO: 3400/137

"The organisation has made

it possible for the women to inculcate a sense of self-confidence

among the women, something

which, the nation is highly proud

of"; he said.

The Second Vice-President

also took note of the increase in

women's representation in top

leadership positions in colleges

and universities and other civic

posts. He said these were the

fruits of the Arusha Declaration.

UWT, he said, had also effectively participated in the

campaign for adult education,

especially among women with a

view to enabling them play a

leading role in the nation's

development efforts.

Ndugu Wakil urged the UWT

to further assist the nation in the

fight against moral decay among

the youth some of whom had

turned into dangerous criminals.)

He also told them to;

spearhead activities on child

care involving both men and

women. He called on the UWT

leadership to educate men to appreciate and get fully involved in

child care activities.

The UWT Secretary-General ,

Ndugu Kate Kamba, hailed the

equality' attained between men

and women.

" Reading a UWT message to

the Vice-President, Ndugu

Kamba said deliberate steps

should be taken to rectify

anomalies,, especially in

education and employment

For example, Ndugu Kate

said, the number of girls in

secondary schools represents

92

only 32 per cent. The figure is

15.1 per cent with regard to

university education while

women represented 13 per cent

of all salaried workers.

Ndugu Kate cited the 150/-

allowed as the maximum

allowance in the Affiliation Ordinance payable to women who

afe in charge of children not

staying with both parents. She

said this amount was very little

and was not even enough for one

„nieal considering the present

economic trend.

UWT has drawn up a num-'

ber of proposals to enable the

Government to improve the

welfare of women. Notable of

these is the need to specify the

role and place of women in

national development.

The Organisation has also

urged the Party to allow the

mass organisations establish

economic corporations.

Education provided in the country should also be geared

towards preparing the women for

positive work in all fields.

The UWT has also proposed

that the girls facing family

problems be allowed to continue

with their education when the

problems were over.

Today, the celebrations focus

on activities of the Co-operative

Union of Tanzania (CUT). The

Prime Minister and First Vicepresident,.,. Ndugu Joseph

Warioba, is expected to be the

guest of honour. He will receive

a procession by members of the.

co-operative movement before

he is taken to various pavilions.
UGANDA

MUSEVENI ADDRESSES OIC ON INTERNATIONAL ISSUES

Kampala NEW VISION in English 6 Feb 87 pp 8, 9

[Text]

PBBSIDENT Yoweri Kaguta Museveni has emphasised

thai although Uganda is not an Islamic country, belonging to the Organisation of Islamic Conference offers a

forum for the anti-imperialist struggle.

Addressing the fifth summit of the OIC held in Kuwait

from January 26 to 28 1987, the President pointed out

that instead of member states fostering greater

t-conomic and commercial cooperation among

themselves, they had continued to look at Euro-America':

I am not a Moslem.

Uganda is not an Islamic

country Uganda is a

trmlti religious country

where the main religions

are: Catholicism, Protestantism, Moslem and the

African religions like

lubaale

W e are, however, happy

to belong to this organisation. The forum it offers

is a fonitp for freedom

struggle. Therefore, the

NRM administration and

revolution should be relied

on as a partner against

i«M»ign domination - a sentiment shared by this

'irganisatinn I • believe.

I bring you warm an'1

fraternal greetings from

Uganda. Uganda is privileged to be a member of

this august body which

has great potential to

champion several causes

of the Third World.

I am personally delighted

to participate in these

deli'icrations.

1 should have been here

from the very beginning tot

the Conference. But as you

may know January 26 is

the day the National

Resistance Movement

came to power after defeating the last vestiges of successive regimes that had

bedevilled our country for

the last 20 years, through

brutal killings and all

sorts of violation of human

life and human dignity.

So as you may appreciate,

I had to preside over the

national celebrations for

the return of peace and sar

riity to our motherland.

After the celebrations, I

took the earlist opportunity to get here.

I see the organisation

of Islamic Conference

champion major causes for

its members in particular

and for the Third World

in general. These range

from social, cultural,

political to economic.

I will confine my remarks

to the economic and the

political. This is perhaps

because Uganda has under

gone major political upheavals and h asits economy

in a state of shambles

notwithstanding its great

economic potential.',

On the economic front,

1 propose that we address

ourselves in this forum to

the mostserious and urgent

problem of our time. This

istheexistinglop-sided and

ill^tructured international

economicorderthatis being

perpetuated. We must note

with great concern the

bitter facts of this system

which perpetuate the privi

leges of the now developed

countriestothedetrimentof

the so-called Third World.

Under this system the

Third World which posse93
sses a vast array of the

world's resources continues

to live perilously in

conditions beset by hunger,

drought, disease and allforms of human deprivation.

Whereas the Third World

has about 70 percent of the

world's population, it enjoys

less than 20 percent of the

world's wealth. This is in

total dissonance with the (

social justice to which this

organisation is inherently

and invariably committed.

Thissystem under which

we are primary producers

of raw materials and importers of manufactured

goods, whose prices are in

both cases determined by

the developed countries

must be reversed.

This organisation which

traverses vast areas of

several continents and is,

endowed with enormous

resources is strategically

placed to play a key

role in bringing about a

new economic order devoid

of the insidious structures

that determine and govern

men's destiny today. The

OIC must face up to this

challengewhichhistory has

bestowed upon its people.

We must take lead in providinga vision for economic

relations that will bring

forth a new international

economic order.

In concrete terms, the

starting point in this vital

process will entail more

increased interraction

among member states. We

must vigorously implement

the OIC schemes for promoting trade and investment

between member states.

We must produce for each

othersneeds. Inthis connection I wish to point

out the great complementarity that exists say between Africa and the Arab

word Whereas Africa is

endowed with the Agricultural resources, land, water

and forests, the Arab world

has enjoyed over the last

two decades enormous

financial resources.

Uganda alone is acountry

of great potential. We have

19 million hectares of good

arable land. We are currently using only 4 million

hectares. We are using this

4 million hectares suboptimally. Nevertheless,

even the inefficient utilisation of this 4 million

hectares is enough to feed

us and cushion us against

famine even when we were

being led by the semiliterate Idi Amin and other

corrupt leaders. This is not

to mention the huge hydroelectric potential, the forestry and fisheries resources

which Uganda possesses.

Instead of cooperating

among ourselves to exploit

this potential wealth beI tweenus.wehavecontinued

to look at Euro-America.

I wish to suggest here and

now that the era has

dawned when we must cultivate and strengthen AfroArab and Asian relations.

The process whereby Arab

countries have sought or

foundthemselvesinvesting

in Africa via Europe and

getting lower returns must

now be substituted by

direct investment for greater mutual benefits. I see

such relations guaranteeeing food security for the

Arab world and enormous

opportunities for economic

development for Africa.

• Let us create a strong

third force from within

the OIC. This force will

lessen the pressures put on

usbythewestern hegemony

through various channels

including the various.inter

national agencies. Let us

repudiate what recent history has. bestowed on us.

Ancienthistoryhasitthat

Arabs had great civilisation, that Africa and Asia

equally enjoyed flourishing civilizations. It is the

indusrial revolution that

started in Europe that has

in this connection, let

me commend the efforts

already mad^in the context

of the OTÜ through the

Makkah Plan of Action

which aims at increasing

the flow of funds to finance

development projects and

inter-state trade.

This provides a new

mechanism which will redu

ce our economic dependence on the western world

and foster greater economic and commercial cooperative within the framework of South-to-south relations.

The long-term financing

scheme which we are

about to inaugurate is an

outstanding example of

these efforts.

As a show of faith in

the potential of this

scheme in bringing Abcnrt

a meaningful and desired

increased flow of exports

and imports among OIC

countries, my government

has already ratified the

scheme and paid the initial

contribution. But the more

even glowing star k the

Islamic Development H*nk

which, as we ell know,

has already made a great

impact in financing development and foreign trwte.

, Uganda reaffirms its

support for the'just cause

of the Palestinian people

for self-determination.

These people have a rieht

' to a homeland of their

own and there can be

no peace in the Middle

East until this fact

is recognised nrtd the

issue justly settled. We

seek through the channels

made available by this

August organisation to

accord our undivided

support to the Palestinian

cause.

The OIC more than

any other organisation'

must commit its resources to the Palestinian

cause in order to promote

94
and bring about a lasting solution of the Palestinian question. On this

issue, our ministers have

accorded due attention

to the issue in draft

resolution No. IS/5-87/

POL/DR.39 which enjoys

our total support.

We think that the

Palestinian people have

been let down by their

Arab brethrens and the

world. The only thing I

can suggest is that this

matter gets discussed

thoroughly and honestly.

One thing I can notice

is that there is too much

dissension in the Arab

world.

This dissension is symp-J

tomatic of failure to

define the enemy correctly. I shall say more about

this later when referring

to the Iran-Iraq war.

However, the failure by

the Palestinians and Arabs

to offer more determined

and effective opposition to

Zionism is incomprehensible — given the numerical superiority of the:

Arabs and the huge resources to be found in

that area.

I think those concerned need to look at three

areas in this connection:

(i) A correct political

line; (ii) A correct

military line; and (Hi)

A correct organisational

line.

Correct handling of

these areas wouldj 1 am

förtain, evolve fcn irresistable force that could

defend the rights of the

Palestinians and generally of the Arabs

We do not accept the

argument tnat Israel's

technological superiorly is

the one which has emasculated the Palestinian

struggle fundamentally.

The Vietnamese fought

and defeated America

which was more superior

to Israel technologically. Nor is the point about

the desert terrain insurmountable. We think

the incorrect handling

of inter Arab differences

arid a strategic and tactical conception may have

to do with the problem.

On the question of

terrorism, I would like

to commend President

Assad's analysis on this

issue. Terrorism must

be defined by all of

us'and not by America

alone. Our experience

however, shows that if

you concentrate on developing basic strength such

as organising the masses

and building up an army

you will win a struggle

without isolating your^

self by taking actions

which offend people who

could otherwise sympathise with you.

• During our armed struggle which lasted a total

of 13 years — Against

Amin, Obo'te, and Okello—

we never , used tactics

involving soft targets

away from the battlefield and even if we were

to use them we would

have been very careful

to hit only the guilty.

This scrupulous zeroing

on only the enemy

maximised support for

us and made it much

easier. We think the issue

of appropriate strategy

and tactics is always

crucial in all struggles.

We are all aware that

the situation in apartheid

South Africa has taken

on a new turn as the

struggle of the Azanian

people becomes more

intensified arid nearer

its apex. Botha and his

accomplices are now on

the defensive — reacting

only to the intiative and

action of the people who

have gone on the offensive for total liberation.

The ever broadening

swell of victory is bearing them onward to the

final goal of their struggle. The tension and conflict in South Africa

will riot subside until

the people of South Africa

and Namibia achieve total

freedom and become

masters in their own

land.

The OIC must strongly

reassert its abbhorance

to the hated system of

apartheid which is an

affront to humanity and

the leading moral issue

that faces mankind today.

This organisation which

places a premium on the

moral tenets of human

equality, dignity and

justice must reaffirm and

demonstrate in practical

terms its unalterable

support for the people

of South Africa and

Namibia.

The conscience of the

world will never rest

until the cancer of

apartheid is totally extracted from its final

refuge in South Africa.

We of the OIC must

therefore repudiate this

system and work consistently and tirelessly for

its total destruction.

Also deserving our

material and moral support are the frontline

states. These have had

their economies disrupted

by South Africa's aggressive moves. We should

channel material support

to them.

Let me finally add

my and Uganda's voice

to the call made by many

in this assembly to our

brothers of Iraq and

Iran to cease their hostilities. This war between

brothers is a waste of

massive resources that

could be used for the

benefit of human needs,

of poverty, unemployment, hunger and inte95
/9317

CSO: 3400/177

llectual deprivation in

these countries. The

major beneficiary from

these hostilities are the

super powers which are

selling big quantities of

armaments at great cost

to both parties.

Israel must also be very

pleased by the haemmorhage going on-, between

these two potential

adversaries of hers. In

the National Resistance

Movement we always lay

emphasis on the subject

of proper definition of

the enemy. If you do not

define your enemy properly, you can make

serious errors. By defining

the enemy correctly and

by handling differences

with appropriate means,

you can ensure victory.

If, however, you settle

a difference between yourself, and your brother by

using maximum force,

while other forms of pressure could have worked,

you may find yourself

making a big mistake.

I am sure the Iraqi

and Iranian leaders committed a big mistake by

going to war over the

boundary dispute in the

waterway. It is even a

bigger mistake to continue this war.

With regard to the

situation in Chad. I

would like to reaffirm our deep concern

over the continued shedding of blood. Wc call

for respect of the inalienable national rights of

the people of Chad to

determine their form of

government without any

foreign intervention. We

therefore, call for the

withdrawal of all the

foreign troops from Chad.

An African solution

should be found to the

Chadian problem basing

itself on the interests

of the Chadian people.

Before t conclude my

remarks, :i wish to state

my personal appreciation and that of my

government and the entire

people of Uganda for the

decision b^ the OIC to

locate the^second Islamic

University in our country

I am happy to state

here that my government

is fully committed to the

steady implementation

of this project. Since

the National Resistance

Movement assumed

power, we have been able

to remove all the obstacles hindering the implementation of this

project. It is our ardent

hope that the Islamic

University in Uganda will

be opened in September

this year."

96
UGANDA

MUSEVENI ON ECONOMY, MILITARY SITUATION

Kampala NEW VISION in English 26 Jan 87 pp 6, 7

[Text] Following is the press conference which President Yoweri Museveni

gave at Mbale in Eastern Uganda on January 19, 1987. The questions were

asked by local and international journalists.

Question: What can be done about soaring cost of living?

Answer: I know that the cost of living is very high. The reason is the

decline in the economy which has been going on for the last 16 years, since

1970. But if you take the foreign exchange earnings—we earn $400 million

from coffee alone, no other commodity is being sold outside.

From that sum we have to pay a debt left by Obote of $200 million. Then

we have got to pay for petroleum $80 million. Sugar alone costs $58

million. So I'm not surprised about the high cost of living. Therefore

the most important thing is not to lament the situation, because I did not

create it, we inherited it, it was brought about by those who were in

charge of our affairs.

Now the only thing you can accuse us of is of being so audacious as to

remove these creators of this situation and inherit the situation. We are

sure we can reverse the situation but it will take some time—two years.

As far as the cost of living is concerned we are going to improve the

situation by importing essential commodities. Because it's the high cost

of those which erode the earning power of the worker.

About taxation—yes, we have raised rates. We had to. Rates in the market

and so on. Because all the old rates had been rendered meaningless by

inflation. If you used to change 1000 shillings for getting a licence with

the raging inflation of the last 15 years, 1000/- is no longer meaningful at

all. Even the mere collecting of the 1000/- is more expensive than the

1000/- you get for a licence.

Once people damage their country with bad politics, they must accept the

consequences of bad politics that the Ugandan political leaders plus to

some extent the Ugandan people themselves, have accepted or utilized since

independence.

97
So we had to raise the rates because of inflation and to cope with the

budget deficit which is very huge—something like 400 million billion

shillings.

Q: How many children (boy soldiers) have gone back to school and where are

those schools?

A- There are several hundred and the schools are army schools. We are

using schools which are in the barracks. We used to have schools in the

barracks—they were damaged partially but they are there.

And of course I do not accept your words 'gone back to school' because some

have never been to school. So we would rather say 'They have gone to

school.' There are millions of children who have no one looking after

them in the world, but fortunately for these children we were operating

in their area and they joined us. Some lost parents, some did not lose

parents but had nothing useful to do at home, so they joined us and we

have partially educated them even in this struggle.

It is a form of education. Some of them can speak swahili, some can use a

rifle. So if you add on to this the formal education we are going to give

them, they will be useful citizens. But we refused the international

community when they wanted to come and educate them for us. We said, "Thank

you very much. We can educate them ourselves."

Q: Why did you choose to put them in military schools and what will be

their future after their education?

A- They are our children, of the army. They will be doing school curriculum, also continuing their military training. In England you have cadets,

don't you? (but not at that age). If I had had time to plan it better I

would have set an age. All these children would feel very deprived if

they were removed, they were no longer in the army, they would be very

destabilized because they are very proud of it.

Also all these people in the Western world who are worried about it, don't

their children play with guns, join the cadets and boy scouts. These are

all paramilitary.

In any case you want to help Ugandan children there are millions you can

help. These children the army has already helped.

Q: What is happening in the northern part of Uganda?

A: The situation in the north is excellent. As you all know we defeated

these chaps in January. They ran to the Sudan. Then somehow the Sudan

government allowed them to come back with arms. In August they involved

us. Their aim was to capture towns: Gulu, Kitgum, Bibia and small trading

centres where we had units.

98
Now that was good for us because they enabled us to Inflict heavy casualties

on them. So that stage of attacking our units went on from August through

November. They were attacking our units and being destroyed.

There was one mistake on our side in September. The 35th Battalion,

originally organised from Uganda Freedom Movement soldiers in Namukoora,

southeast of Kitgum collaborated with those chaps and abandoned their

weapons. And they left that place vacant. We did not react immediately.

We waited for them to attack in Kitgum and destroyed them.

That phase, of them attacking our barracks and us waiting for them, was a

deliberate move on our part. We allowed them to attack us. Then in

September we launched an offensive to clear them out of northeast of

Kitgum, to clear them out of those areas when they had come in as a result

of the 35th battalion withdrawing.

We occupied all those trading centres: Namukoora, Padibe, Madiopei, Kitgum.

Now when we did that and we pressurized them northeast of Kitgum, they

wanted to cut off our forces so they shifted southeast of Kitgum and we

also shifted our forces. On December 25 they attacked our forces at Pajule.

They were punished severely.

Now because of defeating them from August persistently and because these

people are politically bankrupt—they have no political leadership—they

are just bandits—criminals who killed people in Luwero and other places—

now they resorted to mysticism. A woman by the name of Alice Lakwena came

up and told them that they were being defeated because they were not

performing ceremonies—witchcraft.

She said "if you slaughter the goats and do this and tie your hands in

this way...This is magic and bullets will not penetrate you. Even if the

enemy shoots at you, you will not be killed." But you see this was a

desperate move on their part in order to maintain morale of the soldiers.

This is the problem with Africans; Africans are so backward that they

believe these stories. This is what happened in the Maji-maji rebellion

in Tanzania... Even in Luwero, those primitive doctors would come to me

and tell me, "you see, the war is dragging on because you have not performed

your ceremonies."

I said, "Okay, you perform your ceremonies," because for me, I was not

taking them seriously. So they would come and slaughter goats and so on.

And I would tell my soldiers don't listen to these chaps.

These chaps are very dangerous for you. And we combated deliberately

this primitive conception of life. We combated it in our movement. That

is why it succeeded.

So, having been defeated, these chaps resorted to this woman. She became

their priestess. So last Wednesday morning they attacked our detach (unit)

at Corner Kilak, about 20 miles south of Kitgum. They came wildly, shouting,

99
singing church hymns. Our people massacred those chaps. They killed 202

rebels, these are the ones we saw, not counting the ones they might have

gone away with. That was in the morning. The fighting started at 6:40 in

the morning.

Then in the afternoon—our people had also relaxed—and partly even our

own soldiers are not immune to this belief in witchcraft—we are combating

it, but somehow some still believe in it although with examples we are

disproving it. So when the rebels came back in the afternoon, our soldiers

panicked.

The rebels penetrated part of the defence, and this caused confusion. So

our forces withdrew, three miles south of that position and established a

defence there. Then we organized them afresh, because the enemy was more

than had been in that group. There were about 3000. So this gave us a

very good chance.

They exposed themselves. So we organized and January 18 we surrounded them

and really massacred them, massacred them very badly. The dead bodies

which I was shown today were 350 of these people. And rifles captured and

other guns 905. They said they had gathered to capture Kampala—just empty

heads!

One of the people killed who I confirmed myself today, is a chap called

Eric Odwar, who was one of the biggest of their so-called commanders, one

of their leaders. That woman may have also died. There is a woman s

body. We don't know if it is her body or what, but it could be the priestess,

the one who was telling them stories.

So, it was definitely a decisive victory, because just this week we have

captured more than 1000 rifles from them. And these are not rifles

captured from the store room; these are captured from bodies of people.

So the situation is excellent.

Q: What will your army's role be in this coming year?

A: Our role is still to wipe out insecurity because we have now destroyed

these groups in the north. First, we had destroyed them by them attacking

us. Second, when we made the offensive in September. We again decimated

them by attacking wherever they were hiding. But now this stupid woman

has helped us very much by bringing this group together, because they

concentrated in a big group, saying they wanted to take Kampala.

So she really did us a big service. And we have destroyed it. I'm not

saying they are all finished. There could be some groups. But it will

be very difficult for them to recover from this blow. In any case we have

a big force there which can hunt down all these small groups, so we already

have done.

100
Because even their gathering in a big group was a desperate act, it was

following defeat after defeat. I think they said let's get together and

make a desperate move to do what I do not know, and they fell into our trap

because that is what we were looking for, an opportunity to get them

together.

The most important element here is the capture of guns. Over the last week

we captured 1008.

This Eric Odwar was not the worst element in that gang. And I am very

sorry that he had died. But what can we do? Because there are all sorts

of opportunists who use these poor chaps—foreign interest. It is sad,

when the country is weak.

But we are going to stop this weakness. We are going to wipe out all forms

of weakness in our society so our society becomes cohesive. If we have

got to eliminate these groups by force, we can do it. But these chaps are

being exploited. This Eric Odwar was in Sudan. He just came two weeks

ago.

He managed to get a few bullets in Sudan. I don't know where he got them

from—maybe the officials, I don't know, and he came with them, maybe with

the idea that he was going to capture power, I don't know. Just stupid

ideas. He was being used. The foreign interests just want to keep on

stirring trouble in Uganda. So long as there is trouble Uganda remains

weak.

Q: Who are the foreign interests behind the rebels and in your view is

there a tribal aspect?

A: No, there is no tribal aspect. For instance, one of the commanders I

promoted yesterday for heroic action is an Acholi on our side. So those

who are hoping to use tribalism will have to look for another card.

Tribalism is not going to work with the NRA.

And those who are going according to the tribal line are suffering very

bitterly. All these traitors that we are arresting or destroying are

going along that line.

Because Africa has been so weakened by these so-called tribes, they have

been a weapon in the hands of those who want to keep us weak. And we in

the National Resistance Army and Movement have known this for a long time

and we have waged a conscious struggle against it; so much so that where

we came to the bush, these bankrupt elements thought that they would use

tribalism to weaken our force and whoever tried was knocked off. Tribalism

is not going to work with us.

The question of foreign forces. Really I don't mind about foreign forces.

If they want, they can intervene and back whoever they want to back because

we shall deal with them like we have dealt with Odwar.

101
Q: Do you believe that Ugandans abroad are helping the rebels?

A- Oh yes, definitely. Olara Otunu, Obote, Peter Otai, Wilson Okwenje,

Tito is not involved in this. Bazilio is trying but he is sick. Other

opportunists like Omwony Ojwok. Rugumayo is also trying to flirt with them.

Q: What are you most proud of achieving in your first year, and:,where do you

think you could have done better?

A- First, the most important thing is security. In the southern and

western areas there is complete security and relaxation. People are very

relaxed. They feel very secure. Of course, we have done a few other

things like restoring the airline, a few other individual projects.

But we think we could have done better on commodities. Although we tod a

difficult situation, if our officials had been dedicated and following up

our projects of acquiring commodities, the situation could have improved

much more. But they have been trying to frustrate us on that line. They

have been resisting barter trade. They didn't like it when we brought it.

And as a result things have been delayed which could have been delivered.

But these are small points. Strategically speaking the situation is

excellent, even for the economy.

For the economy we have used the last year for analysis the evolving of

concepts and also discussing with some groups the IMF and the World Bank,

and now we are getting closer to an understanding with these bodies as well

as more clarity in our own minds. That year 1986 was not wasted at all.

Q: In what areas would you perceive that you need new policy directions

in the coming year?

A: We are working out the investment plan and it is about to be finalised

and that will be the biggest single policy issue which we shall have

resolved. The rest is consolidation: consolidate security and so on.

Q: What concrete plans do you have to revive the strength of the currency

Are the commodities available in that economy?

A- In order to increase the strength of the currency we shall have to

first of all provide commodities and also take other measures, currency

reform and so on. It will definitely improve. Because the economy of

Uganda is basically sound—agriculture and so on. And frugality~we are

very, very frugal. We save all our foreign exchange. That's why we are

able to equip our army.

The airline has been restored with our own money. The Mulago Hospital has

been partially rehabilitated with our money. These factories, like Nytil,

have been given money. So because of our economising on our foreign

exchange....and we have another thing to boast about.

102

?
We are current in most of our debt repayments. We are very proud of that.

We are paying our debts. That is also a qualification. So in addition to

paying our debts, we are paying money to do one or two little things here

and there such as Uganda Blankets...a little money, with all our own money

not aid, because we have not got any aid yet.

So with clarity of mind and frugality on our side, I think we can manage.

Q: Mr President, you have been advocating the barter trade. With how

many countries have barter agreements been discussed and how successful has

it been so far?

A: Very successful. The only problem now is that we don't have enough

commodities to barter. And some of our own people are playing games

and not concluding the deals. We have concluded a deal with Cuba for sugar

and pharmaceuticals and other things.

We have concluded a deal with Tanzania. We are in the process of concluding

deals with countries like Zimbabwe, Yugoslavia. Now I'm even talking with

General Motors of America. We are discussing with Italy. It's inexhaustible!

But unfortunately, the biggest problem now is leadership. We don't have

cadres. We don't have fellows who know what they are doing. This is our

big problem, especially in these sectors. We can fight. We have got guns.

We can fight. But there are certain sectors like the economy where we need

some other chaps, and the fellows we found there are simply not equal to

the job. So we are also combating that problem of having capable cadres in

sectors of the economy. But actually we don't have enough things to barter.

We need more crops.

Q: When will district resistance committees be formed?

A: I have given that job to the NRM secretariat. They know the dates.

You ask them.

Q: Mr President, what do you think about the missionaries' activities in

Uganda?

A: They are alright. Me I'm not a church man. I never bother myself with

that side.

Q: Mr President, I've just been in Gulu and there are lots of rumours that

the NRA is using a scorched earth policy.

A: I don't know about the scorched earth but maybe what you mean is if they

attack a place and they find food in stores for these fellows who have been

disturbing that area they may destroy it. That's possible if it's for the

rebels. But I don't believe that they are destroying people's crops but

maybe destroying the stores of these thugs.

103
Now about these soldiers drinking, it is These officers, we are

having big trouble fighting them to stop drinking in public places. That s

absolutely correct. We have dismissed some, imprisoned, but they are still

drinking, it's true.

About robberies, it is difficult to say, because the situation is confused.

There are so many guns around. I wouldn't myself say that it is definitely

our people, although some of them could take advantage because mark you,

in Gulu there are very many soldiers. Because of the situation they are

all armed all the time. So it is not easy to follow up all these individual

cases. Because soldiers are many, much more than would be the case in _

normal time. So there could be a possibility of that, of some indiscipline

here and there.

Q: What my colleague is saying is that there are reports that the NRA is

killing civilians in northern Uganda.

A- No I don't think that is true. Because whoever kills civilians...

Well, it depends, if civilians are mixed up with these people. Suppose,

well I remember there was an incident northeast of Kitgum where these people

came and made a camp in a compound of somebody whom I knew and when the

NRA came they fired at them from that compound and the NRA fired back.

About 15 people, civilians, died in that confrontation plus a few of the

thugs.

Q: Could you comment on the situation in Karamoja and what your plans are

for the region.

A: Excellent. Excellent. We have given the cattle raiders a bloody nose.

We had big battles with them when I was in Ethiopia for the PTA. They have

now scattered. There is actually security in the whole of Teso now and

in south Karamoja. There are two roaming groups of cattle raiders who are

running around but we are chasing them.

But you know the previous governments were not serious about security in

Uganda. For instance, in a place like Karamoja, from north to south, it s

300 miles. They used to have one battalion in Moroto. This was meant to

cover this whole area, although it was an area of insecurity. So in fact

you can't even blame the poor Karamojong. They were also caught up, because

they would be raided by the Turkans, by the people from West Pokot, by the

people from Ethiopia, by the Somalis.

The government would not protect the poor Karamojong. And originally they

didn't have guns. They had spears. But when they saw that the government

was not protecting them, they also acquired guns.

So now we have beaten the cattle raiders. We are strengthening the hand_of

the law abiding people. By the end of 1987 we shall have no insecurity m

Karamoja or the bordering areas.

/9317

CSO: 3400/176

104
UGANDA

GOVERNMENT CONFRONTS 'BRAIN DRAIN'

Kampala NEW VISION in English 26 Jan 87 pp 1, 32

[Article by Asuman Nakendo]

[Text]

GOVERNMENT will soon

announce tough measures to

curb the drain on national

manpower.

According to President

Museveni it will tantamount

to treason for anybody educated on the tax-payers' money

to seek job opportunities

abroad before serving at

home.

Addressing graduands at

Makerere on Friday the President said that if the country's brain drain in arrested

the pace of national development would be accelerated

and realised in a shorter

span of time than anticipated.

He expressed dismay at

the was trained manpower

was tricking out oi me

countiy. "This will no longergo unchecked" I hold in

great contempt any Ugandan

who deserts and goes to

work outside on the pretext that the current economic conditions are not

conducive. I would accept

this if the political atmosphere was not conducive,"

!> • --'id.

"I hold this with serious

view and those who think.

they can get education1 here

and go to other countries

abroad may be in for a surprise soon."

President Museveni observed: "Many of our citizens were living in American

and some in European conn-,

/9317

CSO: 3400/175

tries waiting, for the grass

to be green.

"That in my opinion is not

a good attitude. We must

all enter the lift from the

ground floor and be eleveted

in unison. The factors of

high costs of living are well

known and they are not

foreign."

He named one of the major

causos of high cost of living

as lack of reliable technocra ts.

President, was disatisfied

w'ith the behaviour of Uni •

versty students and noted

that they were behaving

like school children.

The students had booed

as the Vice Chancellor Professor George Kirya. 'addressed them during the ceremonies. Commenting on this

behaviour, the President who

is the Chancellor of the

university said:

"Even my 'kadogos' cannot

behave in such a deplorable

manner and I remember

when ' wa« ^o-e last time

I warned you to stop that

kind of behaviour which I am

warning you, you must stop

forthwith."

"Educated people must/

trust in their power of reasoning and not behave in

the hooliganism way, but

rather in an orderly manner

and at an appropriate lorum

"And this is not to mean

that you are deprived ol

the opportunity to express

your opinion frankly and

openly."

The President reminded

them: "As educated people

you have a big role to play

in society and you should

regard yourselves as a catalyst ' iKho should behave in

a manner that intcrgiates

with the community " *

He advised those who

were graduating: "as you

enter public life be ptepared

to learn from the community

and avoid to exhibit .superiority complex towards other

• Ugandans.

"When you go to work

! integrate yourselves, listen

more to those employed

before you, ask them where

you find obstacles and if

you do that theie will be

a lot of sympathy for you

and you will find work

moving favourably well. This

way you will be building

for the future," tit' said

On the rehabilitation ol

the university Hie ['resident

revealed that Makerere

will soon have its own con

struction. unit in order to

keep pact? with the required

expansion.

lie urged the university

authorities to consider more

enrolment for science students. "A country, which is

left out "f *hc technology

race doomed to es tin

ction." he added

105
UGANDA

BRIEFS

KAUNDA REAFFIRMS SUPPORT FOR MUSEVENI—President Kenneth Kaunda has assured

Ugandan envoys that he will not allow former President Milton Obote to use

Zambia as a base for subversion against the government in Kampala. Dr

Obote has lived in Zambia since he was overthrown by a military coup in

July 1985. "I will never allow him to fight the government of President

(Yoweri) Museveni from here—that is completely out," Dr Kaunda told

reporters in Lusaka on Monday night after meeting a Ugandan delegation led

by Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office, Eriya Kategaya.

"I want to make it clear without fear of future contradiction that we in

Zambia admire President Yoweri Museveni," Dr Kaunda stressed. He described

the Ugandan leader as "an African patriot committed to human rights."

According to informed sources Mr Kategaya had come to Lusaka to seek the

extradition of Dr Obote, whom President Museveni has accused of training

armed men in a number of African countries to overthrow his government.

[Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Feb 87 p 2] /9317

CULTURAL AGREEMENT WITH CUBA—Kampala—An agreement embracing cultural

and educational cooperation between Uganda and Cuba was signed here Tuesday.

The agreement is to promote and strengthen cooperation between institutional,

cultural, educational, artistic, literary and social organisations of both

countries. Under the agreement both countries will undertake cooperation

in these fields of exchange of delegation in specialized areas of study.

The contract is for a five-year period with automatic renewal in successive

five-year periods. (PANA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in

English 9 Jan 87 p 6] /9317

DIRECT AIR LINK WITH GDR—Kampala (UNA/PANA) —Uganda and the German

Democratic Republic (GDR) have concluded a bilateral air service agreement

which provides a direct air link between the two countries. The agreement

was signed in here Wednesday by the Minister of Transport Communications

on behalf of the Uganda government and the GDR Ambassador to Uganda on

behalf of his country. The agreement is expected to lessen the cost of

travel and shorten the distance. It was noted that in the past travellers

to the GDR from Uganda and vice versa would have to pass through other

countries for connections. Speaking at the ceremony, the Minister said

that Uganda looks forward to more co-operation between the two countries

especially in transport and communication sectors. Besides the air transport, Uganda and the GDR have been co-operating in railway transport and

several other fields. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English

3 Jan 87 p 6] /9317

CSO: 3400/176 '

106
ZIMBABWE

MANGWENDE CONDEMNS U.S., UK VETO OF UN SANCTIONS

MB211807 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1758 GMT 21 Feb 87

[By Michael Overmeyer]

[Text] Harare, 21 February, SAPA—The chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement

[NAM] Council of Ministers and foreign minister of Zimbabwe, Dr Witness

Mangwende, today condemned the U.S. veto of selective mandatory sanctions

against South Africa in the Security Council last night.

African and Non-aligned Movement countries had called on the UN Security

Councils to adopt a package of selective sanctions, based on the trade boycotts in the U.S. Congress sanctions bill passed last October.

"We viewed it as the most tangible and meaningful package passed so far,"

the semi-official agency ZIANA quoted Dr Mangwende as saying.

The African and NAM caucus in the Security Council did not see the United

States agreeing to NAM's call for comprehensive mandatory sanctions at the

movement's summit in Harare last year.

"We knew that there were forces that would be against this in the United

Nations, but we felt that they would be prepared to agree to measures that

they themselves have adopted," he said.

But the United States and Britain vetoed the resolution calling for selective

mandatory economic sanctions. The Federal Republic of Germany, which does

not have a right to veto in the Security Council, voted against the resolution.

"We were very dissappointed by the actions of the United States, Britain, and

West Germany. The United States itself has said it was going to impose that

very same package of measures passed by the congress," Dr Mangwende said.

"But at the same time it hypocritically vetoes that package in the United

Nations." ~ ~

He said sanctions could be the most meaningful and effective way for the

international community to exert pressure on Pretoria.

107
The U.S. administration was acting against the wishes of the majority of the

people in the United States who had thrown their weight behind the sanctxons

bill passed by congress, he added.

"The democratic will of the Americans was expressed through the congress bill,

but the administration is not implementing the will of the majority of the

American people."

The NAM and Africa was very dissappointed by the United States and British decision and hoped that it would not have a negative influence on the already

serious developments within southern Africa.

"The international community can see who the friends of South Africa are and

that they are protecting their own interests by not putting pressure on South

Africa," he said.

The NAM would, however, continue its efforts to demand that meaningful pressure

be brought on Pretoria through the imposition of mandatory economic sanctions

for a peaceful solution to the problem.

"Meanwhile we would want the armed struggle to be intensified," he said.

On the question of the Organisation of African Unity taking up the offer of

British Premier Mrs Margaret Thatcher to convene a Lancaster House style constitutional conference on South Africa, Dr Mangwende said that the idea of

negotiation was never refused.

"It is the Botha regime that refuses negotiations," he said.

The NAM and the OAU, he said, had called for negotiations with the genuine

leaders of South Africa who were either in prison or exile.

/12232

CSO: 3400/108

108
ZIMBABWE

GAZETTE SEES NEED FOR U.S. POLICY RE-EXPRESSION

MB200903 Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 6 Feb 87 p 4

[Editorial: "Can the U.S. Learn From Canadian Policy on SA?]

[Text] Mr Brian Mulroney, the Canadian Prime Minister, came to Zimbabwe, saw,

and if he did not conquer, he certainly left a very good impression. He has

taken up a very realistic stance on southern Africa, which has allowed him to

express his own opinions honestly while at the same time not demanding that

these be necessarily agreed with or adopted by the Frontline States.

A particular instance was his view on violence in the South African context.

Seen against the background of his own country and its political situation, he

does not endorse violence as a means of changing governments, but he was

honest enough to admit that "in other circumstances" he could understand why

people adopted this tactic.

This is a different approach to that of the U.S. administration which has,

through Mr George Shultz, expressed the opinion that Mr Oliver Tambo, the president of the NAC should renounce violence. It showed an insensitivity that makes

U.S. Policy in southern Africa very hard to understand and difficult to defend.

Quite clearly there are domestic pressures in the United States that make the

support of Jonas Savimbi in Angola and the Contras in Nicaragua acceptable, while

the same porvision of support for organisations in South Africa is not only

denied but disapproved of.

It is particularly inappropriate that this view should have been expressed to

the leader of the ANC, since that organisation this year celebrates 75 years of

striving to improve the political standing of the largest population group in

South Africa. One cannot accuse this organisation of not having tried the

peaceful route long enough, and the U.S. administration must know, in its heart

of hearts, that it is only the escalation of violence and the terrible cost in

human lives that has forced leading members of the world community to take

limited economic action against the Pretoria regime.

Dr Chester Crocker, who is spokesman for the Africa policy of the Reagan administration, had nothing new to offer when^questioned by Zimbabwean journalists

this week. He reiterated the policy of negotiation, and having produced a

stillborn policy of "constructive engagement," has now added "aggressive contacts" to the southern African political glossary.

109
Everyone would prefer that the political problems of South Africa were settled

by negotiation, but how this is to occur when one of the leading organisations

representing black people in South Africa is not accorded any ^cognition and

refused direct face-to-face contacts with the Pretoria regime, is hard to

understand. No one doubts America's desire to see apartheid come to an end,

but present policy in the region is riddled with contradictions and needs

clear re-experssion.

Perhaps Dr Crocker should, instead of making his next visit to Africa, take

the much shorter trip north of his border to talk with Mr Mulroney who seems

to have a more realistic appreciation of the situation here and certainly

more effective personal contacts with the personalities involved.

/12232

CSO: 3400/108

110
ZIMBABWE

MUGABE CONFERS WITH PLO DELEGATION

NJ221820 Sanaa Voice of Palestine in Arabic 1600 GMT 22 Feb 87

[Text] Comrade Robert Mugabe, chairman of the Non-Aligned Movement and Zimbabwean prime minister, has emphasized his condemnation and denunciation of

the destructive war and massacres to which the Palestinian people are being

subjected in the occupied land at the hands of Zionist butchers and also in

the Lebanon camps at the hands of Amal militias which are supported by the

renegade regime. Mugabe also denounced the role of the Arab regime taking part

in the attacks against the Palestinian camps. This came in the meeting held

yesterday morning between Comrade Robert Mugabe and a PLO delegation led by

brother Salman al-Hirafi, adivser for African affairs. During the meeting,

they made a comprehensive review of the latest developments in the Middle

East and the destructive war the Amal gangs are launching with the support

and actual participation of the renegade regime and its tanks and special

units, as well as the Zionist enemy and its agents in the region. They also

discussed the forthcoming meeting of the nine-member committee on Palestine

which stems from the Non-Aligned Movement.

Earlier, the Palestinian delegation met with Comrade Nathan Shamuyarira,

acting foreign minister and information minister, and with the general under

secretary of the Zimbabwean Foreign Ministry. They were briefed on the seriousness of the tragic situation being experienced by tens of thousands of our

people who have been besieged by the tanks of the sectarian regime and the

sectarian Amal gangs for 4 and 1/2 months and who are also threatened to die

of starvation.

This visit comes as part of a tour by the Palestinian delegation of a number

of African states to brief their leaders on the human tragedy in the camps

and the need for actual moves to stop this disaster.

/12232

CSO: 3400/108

111
ZIMBABWE

HERALD TERMS BOTHA'S ACTIONS LOGIC-DEFYING

MB200933 Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Feb 87 p 8

[Editorial: "Baffling Botha"]

[Text] If ever the actions of a national leader defied logic they are those

of South African President P.W. Botha. "Baffling Botha" would be a nickname

well earned.

On the one hand we have him busy proclaiming to a shrinking international lobby

that he is a reasonable, moderate man who wants nothing better than to see

apartheid dismantled and the lot of the black masses bettered.

On the other hand, he is on his feet in the white House of Assembly totally

ruling out bringing blacks—73 percent of the population—into parliament.

This at a time when the regime has also ruled out any chance of an early end to

the state of emergency. With deep unrest among National Party moderates, who

want to see a quick end to apartheid before the iniquitous system—a red rag

to freedom-loving peoples everywhere—destroys any change of a peaceful solution to South Africa's ills, Botha might have been expected to be more conciliatory.

But fear of upsetting the moderates is obviously far out-weighed by fear of

losing the support of the party hard-liners, a choice of special singificance

since it comes with national elections a matter of weeks away.

If Botha has sniffed the prevailing political winds correctly, there is even

less reason to expect meaningful change for South Africa's masses without

massive upheaval. Attududes are hardening dangerously.

And even if Botha's siding with the hard-liners is pure eve-of-election _

politicking, he is playing in an extremely dangerous game. If his hope is to

backtrack once the election has been fought and won, he has put himself into

a very tight corner indeed.

Hard-liners are exactly what the term implies; hard, uncompromising die-hards

with a long memory and a fierce determination to make people who make political

promises keep them.

112
But the weight of evidence is on the side of Botha meaning what he says. And

the continued emergency, ever-harsher security measures, news clampdown,

letter bomb assassination attempts on liberation leaders, among much else,

support the view.

Botha, after the briefest of flirtations, has turned his back on a peaceful

solution andlike the rest of the hard-line camp now places Canute-like confidence in apartheid turning back the tide of history.

Even the few paltry cosmetic changes once proferred have been conveniently

sidelined.

Pretoria's determination to tough it out is not only evidenced in the hardening attitude at home, but in growing pressure on neighbouring black states,

which not only manifests itself in stepped up support for dissidents, but in

actions such as the latest attempt to disrupt this country's rail traffic

through Botswana.

How pretty to twist Bophuthatswana's arm into insisting on visas for railwaymen. But hte move is indicative of the lengths Pretoria is prepared to go to

deny South Africa's blacks their rightful place in the sun.

/12232

CSO: 3400/108

113
ZIMBABWE

CONSTRUCTION ON MANYUCHI DAMS GETS UNDERWAY

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] CONSTRUCTION ol

the large Manyuchi

Dam 1.60 km south of

Masvingo has started

and the formal contract was signed yesterday between the

Mwenezi Dcvclonni e n t Corporation

and International

Construction (Zimbabwe).

Tho contract was signed

in tho oflices of the Minister of Energy and Water

Resources and Development, Ode Kumblrai Kangal.'

The dam is part of »

project which will generate employment for

about 10 000 people in the

southern Lowvcld ure.i

while generating foreign

currency to the tune of

S30 million a year through

production of paint oil.

Dam construction is

being undertaken o.v

International Construction

and the first concrete Is

expected to be poured

next month. Construction

of the $17 million dam

will 'be supervised by the

Ministry of Energy and

Water Resources and

Development which will

also operate it when it IH

completed in 1988.

'Hie concrete arch, will

be IV in high and 240 m

long' at the crest and tho

da,m will have a. separat'?

concrete arch spillway

and six embankments to

close low saddles on the

perimeter of the dam.

With 300 million cubic

metres of water it will h-j

the fourth largest Internal

lake following Lake Kyle

(1 378), Darwendale (180)

and the socn-to-be-completed Mazvlkadci Dam

north of Banket which

will hold '350 million cubic

metres of water.

The agricultural development to be irrigated by

the dam will be 12.001)

hectares of oil palms,

which will be developed

as a plantation of 8 000

hectares and 2 000 smallholdings serviced by the

plantation's production

and management facilities, and an area for cropping and livestock, said

the chief executive of

Mwenezi Development

Corporation, Mr Bernard

Lewis.

Also attending the ceremony yesterday was 'the

managing director of

Aberfoyle Investments,

Cde Samuel Rushwa^a.

Aberfoyle Holdings ' •-"

Unawctng the development,

he an id.

/13104

CSO: 3400/151

114
ZIMBABWE

POOR RAINS CAUSE CROP FAILURE IN SOUTHWEST

Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Feb 87 p 5

[Text] Overall rainfall during

the month has been low

with occasional Isolated

thunderstorms. Some

areas got negligible rain.

Irrigated flue-cured tobacco has been almost

completely reaped with

reaping of later plantings

well under way. Final

plantings will be ready for

reaping shortly. Later

plantings are uneven and

there have been losses

from sun scorch and hail.

Heat has hindered cur

lug of burley tobacco.

Cotton Is again showing

its resilience to the

drought conditions. Yields

could bo down If rain

does not fall soon.

Maize yields will be reduced in most areas became of lack of rain. More

rain 13 needed to see the

crop through tasselling.

In Mbercngwa the crop is

11 complete write off.

/13104

CSO: 3400/151

Sorghum Is growing

better than maize in the

present conditions but

yields will not be high.

The early planted crop is

at head formation with

grain filling taking place.

The early planted

groundnut crop is presently being harvested.

Rain fa very necessary

for a good yield.

Soyabeans which were

planted early still show

promise but will not yield

their true potential due to

stress. Later plantings

are not In a good condition.

The, veld and pasture

ranges from poor to fair

in the communal areas,

and generally satisfactory

in other areas, but it wiil

deteriorate . quickly if

rain does not fall.

The condition of cattle

in tire communal lands is

fair and in other areas it

is good, although it may

deteriorate if grazing

doe» not improve.

115
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

NETHERLANDS DELEGATION—The speaker of the House of Assembly, Comrade Didymus

Mutasa, has commended the Netherlands [word indistinct] Frontline States in

their efforts to get rid of apartheid in South Africa. He told the visiting

seven-member Dutch delegation in Harare last night that the refusal of the

Pretoria regime to abolish apartheid continues to cause deep concern, mdigna

tion! and anger throughout the world. The Dutch parliamentarians who^arrived

in Harare yesterday will meet several government officials as well as the

director of the Beira Corridor Authority, and the ZAPU leader, Dr Joshua Nkomo.

Se leader of the delegation says the team intends to look at Zimbabwe's problems, as well as those of other southern African states " ^ *?" °f g£th

Africa's aggression. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service m English 0600 GMT

11 Feb 87 MB] /12232

BOTSWANA CAMP REFUGEES RETURN—One hundred Zimbabweans will be repatriated from

Dukwe refugee camp north of the Botswana border town of Francistown this week.

Zimbabwe's high commissioner to Botswana Comrade Alois Chidoda, told newsmen

in the Botswana capital, Gaborone, that most of the Zimbabweans who have fled

to the camp have now returned home. He reiterated that those who have been

repatriated made the decision voluntarily. Comrade Chidoda cited several

reasons that made people flee to the camp, saying one of the major ones was

hunger caused by the drought condition in some rural areas of Matabeleland.

[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 22 Feb 87 MB] /12232

TRADE REPRESENTATION PROGRAM PLANNEÜ—The minister of trade and commerce. Comrade Oliver Munyaradzi, has announced the setting up of a programof trade

representation in all foreign missions to exploit the export of ^th primary

and manufactured goods. Comrade Munyaradzi told the annual general meeting of

the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce's Harare ^anch that a new mission

will be set up in Moscow to serve the socialist trading bloc, COMECON, countnes.

He said this will be followed by other trade missions in Zaire»Angola and

Australia. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 26 Feb «/ MJJj

/12232

BEIRA CORRIDOR-Mozambique's ambassador to Zimbabwe, Comrade Francisco Madeira,

says prospects for the development of the Beira corridor are very bright, with

^availability of funds to rehabilitate the railway line and repair the road.

pLklng in Harare yesterday, Comrade Madiera said the corridor lj.safe because

South African-sponsored bandits can no longer cause major damage to vital road

railway, and pipeline links to the sea. He said in cases where minor explosions

ripped^he railway line, emergency repair teams TMTMTMt±\^\?M£T

or two. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 26 Feb 87 MB]

/12232

116
LACK OF TRANSPORT HAMPERS DROUGHT RELIEF--More than 200 000 people in four

of the seven districts of Masvingo Province are not getting governmentprovided drought relief food because of transport problems. The main

problem facing local authorities in getting food to the needy was a shortage

of transport to ferry the relief maize from the Nandi Grain Marketing

Board depot to the communal areas, said Chiredzi District Administrator,

Cde Lenos Pfumojena. [Text][Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Feb 87 p 3]

/12828

JAPAN GRANT FOR AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS--Japan yesterday granted Zimbabwe

$2,14 million for agricultural chemicals to help increase food production.

This was the seventh time since independence that the two countries had

signed agreements for increased agricultural production programmes. The

amount of grant aid for various development projects from Japan to

Zimbabwe totals $69 million since 1980. Speaking at the signing ceremony,

the secretary for Finance, Economic Planning and Development, Cde Ellisha

Mushayakarara, said the shortage of foreign currency in the country

provided a big constraint in the production levels of all the sectors of the

economy. The crop chemicals provided under the grant would certainly contribute to the efforts of attaining high productivity in agriculture. In

addition to the application of imported inputs, Zimbabweans would always

exercise proper land use and management to ensure high production levels

in agriculture. Besides the national goal of diversifying agricultural

production to be self-sufficient, Zimbabwe had a regional responsibility

of food security within the SADCC region, Cde Mushayakarara said. The

Japanese Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Yoshifumi Ito, commended the Government's

efforts in developing the agricultural sector. [Text][Harare THE HERALD in

English 13 Feb 87 p 3]/l2828

DUTCH MPS VISIT PROJECTS--The six visiting members of the Netherlands

parliamentary committee on development co-operation yesterday visited two

Dutch-sponsored projects in Manicaland Province. The delegation visited

the Tandi Development Association in Mawumbwe District and the Chitepo

Agricultural Training Centre. [Text][Harare THE HERALD in English 14 Feb 87

p 3]/12828

CSO: 3400/134

117
SOUTH AFRICA

KEEPING CERTAIN MINERAIS FROM U.S. ADVOCATED AS OOUNTERMEASURE

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 28 Jan 87 p 3

[Unattributed article: »Minerals Exempted From Sanctions. Time Now Ripe for

Action Against U.S.A."]

[•Textl The time has now come for strong action by the South African

government against American sanctions. That is the opinion in P^f*

political circles after the American government announced in a surprising way

Sat it is exempting 10 strategic South African minerals from sanctions.

Washington announced at the same time that it is going to try to become

independent of these minerals as soon as possible. Those 10 minerals are

chrysotile [sic] asbestos, andalusite, antimony, chromium including

ferrochromium), cobalt, industrial diamonds, manganese (including

ferromanganese and ferrosilicomanganese), platinum group metals, rutiie

(including titanium rutiie) and vanadium (including ferrovanadium).

The announcement is regarded as a further official confirmation of the

indispensableness of those minerals to the United States economy. This

provides South Africa with an ideal weapon to upset the whole American

sanction effort, but the United States' serious efforts to make itself

independent of them show that this indispensableness will not continue

forever. In mining circles it is estimated that some of that list of minerals

will never be able to be replaced, but others will be able to be made less

indispensable after a number of years by new, although expensive, technology.

The time to use that weapon against the United States is thus now, it is said.

The HNP's congress urged back in October of last year that South Africa stop

exporting uranium to the United States until that country's sanctions against

South Africa are lifted. The congress said that the United States' sanctions

are lust one step on the U.S.A.'s road to forcing South Africa to accept a

black majority government, and the sooner those efforts are frustrated, the

better. Mining circles say that if the government had ^ust had the will to

counteract the American sanctions, it could have used an indirect by making

the export of platinum and other essential minerals subject to the condition

that the purchaser must also buy South African coal and steel, which fall

under the American sanction provisions. Then South Africa itself need not do

without the revenue from the strategic minerals, which is estimated at lour

billion rands a year. How much coal and steel buyers would have to purchase

118
along with how much platinum, manganese or chromium is a matter which offers

unlimited possibilities for bargaining and negotiation. It is regarded as

strange that the government has not yet taken any initiative in that

direction.

The assumption is expressed that it is the government's plan to "solve" the

sanction problem by meeting the minimum conditions of the American sanction

law; namely, to release Nelson Mandela and lift the ban on the ANC. In such a

case it is easy to understand that the government would not want to hamper its

return to the American political camp after the election by an active mineral

policy.

13084

CSO: 3401/80

119
SOUTH AFRICA

BISHOPS SAY SANCTIONS COUNTERPRODUCTIVE, OPPOSED BY BLACKS

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2b Jan 07 p lb

LEditorial: "Reality of Sanctions"]

LText] The conclusion reached by the Roman Catholic Church's commission f£

investigating economic pressure and their effect cannot be any surprise to

noS who reflect soberly about the detrimental consequences °f sanctions. I

inriPPd nulled the rug out from under the sanction zealots» arguments in.

ommission lewhicnewas" appointed by the Bishops' Conference.of South Africa

found in essence that punitive economic measures are counterproductive an

impede reforT In its report the commission -dorses many of the now already

well-known viewpoints of the opponents of sanctions and it repeats s

the most important dangers of a shortsighted approach, which is repeatedly

Dointed out. Nevertheless, the report is important on account of the broaa

unnappiness in the Roman Catholic as well as the Anglican Church over the

apologetic attitude which some of their church leaders have assumed toward

sanctions. The church leaders in question will have to ta e note of findings

Tike those to the effect that the international community, instead o.

^investment! should throw everything into the struggle for the socioonorcTplifting of the black population; and that those very JJJPl.^

supposed to be helped by sanctions are going to be affected the most severely

hv them Even more important is the commission's rejection of the sanction

zealots""favorite argument that the majority of blacks in South Africa support

sanctionsflven though they must be plunged into still greater misery by them.

?he commission confirms the strong suspicion that this does not represent the

opinion of most blacks.

Nobody needs be surprised that the sanction campaign has a

deJr

^

n

*f^Jff^

on reform. No government that wants to keep its self-respect can allow the

Spression to be created that it is giving in to foreign pressure. If that

happens, it can expect that the pressure will simply increase. Scions

moreover weaken the economic growth in which reform can flourish. Archbishop

Desmond Tutu's reaction to the Roman LCatholicJ -mmission's J^ings

therefore do not stand up. According to reports, he refuses to accept

responsibility for the negative effect that sanctions have on reform. Who is

P

bluff? As the reality of the disastrous confJ^**^

sanctions emerge ever more clearly, the excuses of their apologists get ever

more tenuous.

CSO: 34U1/ÖÜ

120
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT APPOINTS TECHNOLOGICAL ADVISORY COUNCIL

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans üö Jan 07 p b

LArticle by DIE BURGER correspondent, datelined Johannesburg: "SA Gets

Technological Advisory Council"!!

LTextj The government has appointed a technological advisory council and a

head of technological planning in the Department of Economic Affairs and

Technology in order to fully utlize South Africa's resources and to further

the country's technological development. That announcement was made here by

the minister of economic affairs and technology, Mr Danie Steyn. He was

speaking at a luncheon at the invitation of the Italian Chamber of Commerce.

Dr A.M. Edwards, chairman of Mintek, has been appointed chief of technological

planning in the department. Mr Steyn said he will start with his new Work as

soon as possible. "South Africa is experiencing a great social and economic

boom. More refined technology must therefore be employed so that the

country's economy can grow."

Growth

"Technology also plays an important role in attaining economic and industrial

development. Technological development makes up a big and irreplaceable part

of a process by which productivity is raised so that economic growth can take

place. South Africa has already made progress in certain technologocal areas,

but so far it has been in fields which have not been clearly identified. A

need has thus arisen in both the public and private sectors to promote

technological development together."

Universities

"That matter has also been considered by the Scientific Advisory Council. The

council submitted certain proposals to the government in that connection.

Experts from universities, the private sector and technicons will also help.

The technological advisory council will have the right to designate working

groups which will carry out certain investigations. The head of technological

planning in the department will serve as convener of the board," Mr Steyn

said.

13UÖ4

CSO: 34UI/ÖÜ

121
SOUTH AFRICA

MINE WORKERS' UNION URGES CP, HNP TO COOPERATE

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 28 Jan 87 p 2

[Unattributed article: "Mine Workers Demand Rightist Alliance"]

[Text] White mine workers are now also urging an election agreement between

the HNP and the CP [Conservative Party]. The HNP's head office in Pretoria

received several telegrams from organizers of the Mine Workers' Union (MWU)

last week asking for such an agreement. The telegrams state that workers will

be requested to refrain from voting if an election agreement is not reached.

The same telegrams were also sent to the CP. The mine workers' support for an

election agreement closely follows similar pleas by rightist organizations.

Both the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging [Resistance Movement] and the

Association of Orange [Free State] Workers declared themselves in favor of a

coalition between the two parties.

In a letter to the MWU's organizers in question, the secretary of the HNP, Mr

Louis van der Schyff, provided complete information on the HNP's position on

cooperation in the face of the CP's pressure for quick unification. The

letter reads, among other things, that "the HNP is nevertheless in favor of

steps with a view to unification after the general election, as expounded in

broad outline by Mr Marais and confirmed by the HNP head committee in a

statement on 10 January 1987." At the time this went to press, the CP has not

yet responded to the HNP's offer to resume negotiations with a view to an

election agreement.

13084

CSO: 3401/80

122
SOOTH AERICA

CP, HNP (»OPERATION ADVOCATED BY TERRE'BIANCHE

Bloeonfontein DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 13 Jan 87 p 8

[Editorial: "Rightist Unity"]

[Text] The parties to the right of the National Party have been shunning

unity for years now. They have agreed for a long time already that the NP is

their biggest political enemy, that agreements and cooperation are necessary

for them and that they must eventually become one party. Yet they do not

reach more than limited election agreements, because the leaders mistrust each

other, because each one is striving for an agreement that gives him the

advantage, and because the HNP does not like the CP's methods. The CP has

called a unification meeting for 24 January in Skilpad Hall in Pretoria, and

its leader, Dr A. P. Treurnicht, until last week ,,stubbornly,l insisted that it

is the decisive day for unification. A letter was sent under his name to "all

HNP members and some NP members" to invite them there, regardless what their

leaders say about it. This was termed a "hostile act" by the HNP leader, Mr

Jaap Marais.

But then the leader of the ÄWB, Mr Eugene Terre,Blanche, suggests that the CP

and HNP conclude just a cooperation agreement before the election and that

they strive for unification after that—exactly what Mr Marais has been

preaching for quite some time. That was unacceptable to Dr Treurnicht from

the mouth of the HNP, but when the AWB says so, he embraces the idea and

announces that the meeting in Skilpad Hall does not have to involve

unification. One can only wonder what it will involve now. This change of

colors by the CP makes an election agreement much more possible—and Dr

Treurnicht is obviously not looking forward to being opposed by Mr Marais in

Waterberg for the umpteenth time. Both have already merrily announced names

of candidates as part of the war of nerves between CP and HNP. An agreement

will mean that constituencies are divided satisfactorily and that certain

announced aspirants will have to withdraw or run where they do not want to.

Interesting little disputes can be expected in the future, and this all for

the privilege to become the official opposition in the Volksraad if everything

goes very well for them.

13084

CSO: 3401/81

123
SOUTH AFRICA

MÄRAIS SAYS TREURNICHT MAY LEAD OPPOSITION

Cape Town DIE BÜRGER in Afrikaans 23 Jan 87 p 5

[Article by political editorial staff, datelined Pretoria: "Marais on

Cooperation: Treurnicht May Lead •Opposition'"]

[Text] He is altogether willing to serve under Dr A. P. Treurnicht, leader of

the Conservative Party, as "leader of the opposition" if the two parties can

come to an election agreement, Mr Jaap Marais, leader of the Herstigte

Nasionale Party, said here yesterday at a public meeting at the city hall. He

further declared himself willing for the two parties to be able to merge after

two full sessions on the opposition benches if there are no other matters

which hamper unification. Mr Marais was frequently applauded loudly. More

than 2,000 people attended the meeting. He said the HNP is not ready to take

part in the CP's unification conference tomorrow in Pretoria, and that an

agreement of cooperation between the two parties during the election is all

that will satisfy him. "One needs a period of engagement in a marriage.

Moreover, when two parties are in a relationship where it was not exactly love

at first sight, one of the two may not want to make it a forced marriage," he

said. By cooperation he means that the two parties make an agreement to form

a united front against the National Party in the election, where the two

parties do not oppose each other, but cooperate in every seat they are

contesting.

In the 17 years of its existence the HNP has spent 20 million rands on the

"struggle," and today the party only owes less than one million rands. Can

the party then throw in the towel? (Shouts: Never, never!). The two rightist

parties will become the official opposition if an election agreement is

reached. Unity between the parties will grow out of that in time. "After two

full parliamentary sessions we will be ready to become one, provided there are

no other things which get in the way." Regarding the distribution of seats,

Mr Marais said the CP wants to contest 106 seats, about 60 of which look very

"favorable." He suggests that these seats be equally divided between the two

parties. Of the 46 less favorable seats which are left over, the CP can

contest 31 and the HNP will contest 15. "So this is 61 seats for the CP and

45 for us," Mr Marais said. He perceives that the question of leadership is

one of the biggest problem for Dr Treurnicht. If they enter an election

agreement and win seats, they will have enough votes to make up the official

opposition. "I will be altogether willing to accept Dr Treurnicht as leader

of that opposition and I will be ready to serve under him."

13084 124

CSO: 3401/82
SOUTH AERICA

CP, HNP EFFORTS TO UNITE VIEWED

Johannesburg DIE VADERIAND in Afrikaans 21 Jan 87 p 14

[Editorial: "Allies"]

[Text] _ In spite of the tug-of-war still continuing between the CP and HNP,

they will probably yet enter into a cooperation agreement on the basis of

seats. There is no other way out for them if they want to prevent possible

rightist constituencies being given to the National Party by a division of

votes. It is clear from an interview with Dr A.P. Treurnicht that the

struggle between the two rightist parties will be continued after the

election. This means that the rightist front is divided even in parliament

and the CP hope to become the official opposition frustrated. The CP leader's

concession to change his unification congress into a unity congress is

evidence of the strong influence of the AWB leader, Mr Eugene Terre'Blanche.

The idea (order?) actually came from him. No cooperation agreement between

the CP [and] HNP would have been possible without it. The differences between

the two parties run deep. The biggest stumbling blocks on the road to

unification are more in the way of personalities and not so much principles.

Dr Treurnicht accuses the HNP (read Mr Jaap Marais) of wanting to survive as a

party and be in a stronger bargaining position vis-a-vis the CP. The same can

be said of the CP (read Dr Treurnicht). What strikes the observer the

strongest, however, is that the disputes touch bitterly little on the problems

which affect the country and its people the most. There are no signs of

reflection about handling propulsive black aspirations or the escalating

foreign onslaught. That is also the reason for the ri^itist parties going to

the voters with a comprehensive message.

13084

CSO: 3401/81

125
SOUTH AFRICA

DISARRAY AMONG OPPOSITION IN UPCOMING ELECTION VIEWED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 10 Jan 87 p 8

[Column by Dawie: "Political Fever Suddenly Running High: Look Who's Seeking

Partners!"]

[Text] It has been a long time since politics were red-hot so early in the new

year. Election fever has definitely moved the political temperature up quite

a few degrees, and suddenly there is an unprecedented stir and bustle. One

would actually expect that the greatest concern should lie with the

Nationalist Party, already in its 39th year of power this year. A party which

has been in power so long in any democracy should by this time be experiencing

formidable problems and challenges to its leadership role. But as paradoxical

as South African politics apparently are, the biggest fumbling-around is

taking place among the opposition parties. There is no question of their

assuming power. No, they look like they are fighting for their survival

instead. There are almost signs of panic as the PEP and NRP on the one hand

and the KP and HNP on the other are maneuvering over amalgamation or

cooperation. The Progs are fighting for their life as the official opposition

under the uninspiring leadership of Mr Colin Eglin after Dr Van Zyl Slabbert,

the darling of the Prog press, so abominably left them in the lurch.

Nightmare

Their nightmare is that the ultra-rightists are going to take over that role

from them. That is why they are now hastily working on a kind of alliance

with the NRP, the party which until recently was still treated with virulent

disdain by the Progs. The NRP leader, Mr Bill Sutton of golf fame, is heading

for a marriage of convenience with a PFP which, however, is regarded by a

large part of his followers as leftist sellouts who under no circumstances at

all can be trusted with national securityDisenchanted

Watch for volcanic rumblings among English speakers henceforth! The NP may

win support among disenchanted NRP's especially in Natal, the NRP's power

base. Such people will just not be content to hold hands with Progs who

126
fervently trot along with the ANC admirers' clique. The far-rightists' big

talk also comes into clearer perspective as the KP and HNP try to outbid each

other.

Old-Fashioned

This goes for the right's leadership role, among other things. Neither Dr

Andries Treurnicht, most slippery of the rightist opportunists, nor Mr Jaap

Marais, ever in reverse, want to give in to each other. Since the death of Dr

Albert Hertzog, Mr Marais has regarded himself as the progenitor of

staunchness. Separation at any price! But he is just too old-fashioned for

the modern South Africa. Dr Treurnicht, on the other hand, is typically

engaged in a takeover attempt again and again, this time involving the

followers of the HNP leadership whose policy he took over piece by piece.

'Peacemaker'

No wonder that even among ultra-rightists there are whispers about the

leadership qualities of an opportunistic politician who does not show any sign

that he has a specific, clear vision for the country which meets the demands

of the tune. It was to be expected that a "peacemaker" would step forward in

the far-right disputes and discord. But that it now had to be Professor Carel

Boshoff of all people... The problem with the Volkswag leader is that he

obviously does not always know what he oucfrt to think; hence his equivocations

on the NG Synod resolutions which he himself brought up, as well as his funny

dance among eggs over the Verwoerd prize awarded to Dr Anton Rupert. Now he

has gotten a lash from Dr Treurnicht as well as Mr Marais, with the advice

that he had better stick to the cultural field. Professor Boshoff's

politicizing under a fig leaf of "culture" became too much for many long ago;

now it obviously annoys his far-rightist fellow fighters too. And everything

points out just how unbearable the whole lot finds each other. Now lead a

nation with such leaders! Nevertheless, pro-Nationalists should have no

illusion about the struggle that lies ahead. Far right as well as liberalist

left are going to pull out every conceivable trick in the election campaign;

frequently too by complementing each other's attempts, as in the 1983

referendum.

If NP Slides ...

This will happen while South Africa is experiencing the worst foreign pressure

and interference since the days of the Second War of Liberation. Not much

imagination is needed to think what the consequences to the country are going

to be if the election results make it look like the government is sliding.

And it would make little difference whether opposition headway comes from left

or right, or perhaps both. There's work!

13084

CSO: 3401/44

127
SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL FARMERS CLAIM POWERLESSNESS AGAINST SQUATTERS

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 28 Jan 87 p 3

[Unattributed article: "Natal Farmers Powerless Against Black Squatting"]

rText] Farmers in Northern Natal can no longer remove blacks from their

farms, because the Natal attorney general refuses to prosecute squatters and

trespassers. That is «hat farmers from Utrecht say, with whom DIE AFRIKANER

chatted about the increasing squatter problem of Northern Natal farmers.

Farmers say whenever they institute proceedings against squatters or idlers,

the police refuse to do anything about it. The farmers attribute that growing

lawlessness to the so-called Ngotsche Friendship Pact which the Louwsburg

Farmers Association concluded with the Zulu king, Goodwill Zwelithmi KaBekuzulu, with the support of the Natal Agricultural Union.

The commander of one of the police stations in the Vryheid area explained to

DIE AFRIKANER that every time police stations throughout Northern Natal

forward a complaint on trespassing or squatting to the Vryheid public

prosecutor, they get the reply that the attorney general in Pietermaritzburg

refuses to prosecute. The impression of the police officials is that the

accused use the influence of Zulu tribal authorities in order to avoid

prosecution. The Vryheid magistrate, Mr M.J. Rynders, confirmed the

information about the attorney general's position, and said that about 30

cases have already been affected. A spokesman for the attorney general s

office at Pietermartizburg denied that a general order has been given. Each

case is ostensibly considered strictly on its own merits. He could not

mention a single case where there was in fact a prosecution, but pointed out

that one of the considerations which may play a role for or against

prosecution is the availability or otherwise of ground where trespassers can

be resettled. The resettlement official of the Natal Provincial

Administration in Durban told DIE AFRIKANER that there is an extremely slight

possibility of rural settlement. The NPA's community services department is

concentrating on creating industrial growth points, and it may take a long

time yet before squatters and trespassers from rural areas can be absorbed

into new industries.

The Utrecht and Vryheid farmers with whom DIE AFRIKANER talked say that law

and order cannot be made dependent on vague decentralization plans. Zulu

tribal authorities should not have any rights to interfere with South Africa's

white judicature. The government is creating legal chaos, they say.

13084

CSO: 3401/80 128
SOOTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER STUDENT FRONT OPPOSES MIXED BOARDING HOUSES

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 28 Jan 87 p 2

[Unattributed article: "Rightist Students Want to Fight Against Open Boarding

Houses"]

[Text] The well-known student movement at the University of Pretoria, the

Afrikaner Student Front (ASF), is now preparing for a struggle to keep the

university's boarding houses white. The chairman of the ASF, Mr Kbsie Theron,

says the fight for the white campus will be continued in the coming years.

The opening-up of Tukkies' [U. of Pretoria students] boarding houses is going

to be the next leftist demand, and it is going to be opposed with might and

opinion. An appeal is being made to all Tukkies and prospective Tukkies to

join the ASF in its struggle for retaining the largest Afrikaans university

for whites.

"Attempts are being made from all quarters to influence youth to a liberal

persuasion, and they are being conditioned for accepting a united multiracial

community," Mr Theron says. "It is therefore important that parents also

inform their children of the organizations which stand firmly on our Afrikaner

principles, like the ASF. The ASF recognizes the ethnic diversity in South

Africa and believes that ethnic sovereignty is the only basis for freedom.

The leftist media have tried to create the impression that the ASF has been

finally banned on the University of Pretoria campus. However, the true facts

are that, as a result of a mass resolution, political associations are being

investigated by a commission which is to set up guidelines for political

associations. While the commission's report is still pending, the ASF is

still active as an unofficial association on the University of Pretoria

campus," Mr Theron explains.

13084

CSO: 3401/80

129
SOUTH AFRICA

REDUCED DIVERSIFICATION SUGGESTED FOR AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Johannesburg DIE VADERIAND in Afrikaans 29 Jan 87 p 14

[Editorial: "Automotive Industry11]

[Text] The automotive industry is one of the biggest employers. _ It is also

one of the biggest employers of black workers. That is why there is political

as well as economic harm whenever it goes poorly for the industry, as it did

last year. It is consequently not only in the automotive industry's interest

that its affairs improve, but it is necessary for the industry to put itself

in order for the sake of black job opportunities and political stability.

Many of its problems can be attributed to causes outside it, such as

inflation, the weak rand, the drought and economic recession. These together

caused sales to fall severely last year already.

The fact that, in spite of the unfavorable circumstances, two manufacturers

still had more sales than in 1985 indicates that the causes of the slump

should not be sought only outside the industry. We have been pointing out

for many years that there are too many manufacturers and too many models for

the South African population. There has already been a decrease from 12 to 7

manufacturers and from 37 to 23 models over the past 10 years. That is still

too many. Some analysts do not think there is room for more than four

manufacturers and much fewer models. We tend to agree with those whothink

that South Africa cannot economically acxxjmmodate more than two manufacturers

and two models each of small, medium and luxury cars. It is not for us to say

who should disappear and who should merge. However, recent history proves

that if the industry does not rationalize itself, circumstances will do that

for it.

13084

CSO: 3401/81

130
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CONTACT WITH NEIGHBORING STATES—Three separate events this week show that

dialogue between South Africa and its neighboring countries can be carried on

satisfactorily—especially in the humanitarian sphere, but also with regard to

thorny questions-^without the interference of America or Russia. Firstly, it

was announced after negotiation between South Africa and Mozambique that six

senior ANC members have pulled out of Maputo, where they constituted the

control and planning nucleus of the politico-military regional committee of

the ANC/SACP network in southern Africa. A second example is the visit of

Mrs Louwna du Toit to her husband, Capt Wynand du Toit, who has been detained

in Luanda for nearly 20 months now. The visit was arranged by the South

African and Angolan governments in cooperation with the Red Cross. In the

third case, a sick man from Tanzania was taken by emergency flight from

Botswana to South Africa, where he was operated on immediately. All this

just indicates that neighbors in southern Africa are indisputably obliged to

talk with each other and iron out their problems themselves, even though the

problems are sometimes of a minor nature. [Text] [Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in

Afrikaans 9 Jan 87 p 12] 13084

CSO: 3401/44

131
SOUTH AFRICA

EMERGING BLACK MIDDLE CLASS SEEN AS POTENTIAL CONSUMER MARKET

Retailers Target Sector

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 6 Feb 87 p 85

[Text] It is now widely assumed that by the year

2000 — just 13 years away — blacks will

account for two-thirds of the country's retail

expenditure.

By then, an authoritative forecast says,

some 60% of the black population will live in

the urban areas, as opposed to the present

39%. And already, a third of the urban black

population earns more than R400 a month.

Marketing to the black sector has become

a thriving business in its own right, leading to

the emergence of firms specialising in township communication.

Among the leading firms is Transworld,

headed by Mara Minnaar, which boasts the

National Soccer League (NSL), Black Luv

and the SA Black Taxi Association (Sabta)

among its clients.

"There will be a gradual confidence-building process," she says, and "Blacks are already very confident in the retail sector, and

put a premium on quality. But they are timid

about going to open hotels, restaurants and

cinemas."

Figures tend to support Minnaar — a

Young & Rubicam survey shows that although "^OX of Sowetan TV viewers know

that most cinemas are open to all races only

17% have been to an open cinema.

Minnaar doesn't expect a significant cultural convergence between black and white.

"It looks as though we are following the

American trend in which magazines are

aimed specifically at the black consumer and

they'll preserve a separate identity."

It is acknowledged that there is already a

target group of 20 000-30 000 affluent

blacks, but Minnaar believes this isn't where

the best potential lies. "These people are role

models and decision makers, but it is the

emerging middle class — teachers, nurses

and middle managers who have increasingly

Western expectations - that will be the

most important consumers.

"There will also be a greater emphasis on

owning homes and so the appliance market

could grow substantially," she says.

However, not all firms are working on the

assumption that there will always be a separate black market. Eric Parker, marketing

manager of Squires Foods, says the proportion of blacks in company restaurants depends on the site. "But the basics of quality,

service, cleanliness and value for money still

apply," he says. "It would be a retrograde

step to start black sleakhouses.'

Businessmen have become sceptical of talk

about the explosion in black spending. The

appliance sector, in particular, promised a

boom after electrification which never materialised, according to retailers. Now black

purchases of electrical appliances are lower

than they were four years ago.

Brian McCarthy, of the McCarthy motor

group, told the last FhTs Investment in 1987

conference last November that black vehicle

ownership in the next few years would increase bv 6%-7% a year, but would not hit

the 12%-15% growth levels predicted as recently as three years ago.

So what is different this time? Marketing

expert Nkosana Ndaba believes that in the

past there was not enough consultation with

blacks themselves. Too much credence was

given to white self-styled "black marketing

"/und he believes blacks have acquired the

confidence to start their own businesses, li

white business would take a responsible attitude and train blacks, it could contribute

substantially," he says. t

"The problem is that, so far, there s little

in the way of office space in the townships

132
New Magazine Attracts Elite

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 6 Feb 87 p 85

[Text]

Whatever marketers may feel about the

importance of the black elite (see Stirring

the giant), upmarket publisher Greg Psillos feels there's a gap in the sector. So far

it has been only partly filled by USpublished Ebony and "white" magazines

like Living. Now Tribute, a new stablemate of Living and De Kat, is attracting

companies which haven't directed advertisements to the black market before.

Unlikely advertisers include Swissair,

UTA, Estee Lauder and the Thoroughbred Breeders' Association offering racehorses for sale. "Many ads are similar to

those run in Living, but some have been

reshot with our help," says editor Maud

Motanyane.

Motanyane, a former Star journalist,

says the magazine reflects changing

black aspirations. Although aimed at the

top 20 000-30 000 black businessmen,

politicians and professionals, she expects

sales to the aspiring middle class. The

initial print run of 30 000 shows confidence, and the R1.50 price shouldn't deter many readers, she says.

"We'll tell blacks of opportunities that

have opened up in recent years. Our restaurant critics will go to places not generally known to be open to blacks. We'll tell

them of travel venues and, now that freehold property is available, we'll show

what's on offer."

The first issue has an article on stock

exchange investment, in which JSE president Tony Norton says that in a postapartheid society "there is every reason to

look towards the steady growth of a black

investment-aware group."

Motanyane stresses that Tribute will

not be a frivolous magazine. An article on

the school boycott fell foul of the emergency regulations. But some more controversial blacks, including homeland

leaders, won't be featured until the magazine is established. "We can't afford to

alienate readers and advertisers too

soon," says Motanyane.

/9317

CSO: 3400/146

133
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

WHITE VOTING SLATED—The coming—all white—general election has been

slated by black leaders from Azapo to Inkatha. "Once again, white South

Africans will attempt to discharge an historic responsi""-'^f'^*

are quite incapable of doing," said Inkatha head and KwaZulu Chief Minster

M.G. Buthelezi. Azanian People's Organisation publicity secretary Muntu

Myeza said the election was a "fuss about nothing" as the so-called ^

opposition parties have no intention or ability to take over government.

Buthelezi said President PW Botha "is going into an election to buy

addiitional time-hoping somehow the extra time will make ^possible for

him to secure his wrong political dreams." [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS

in English 8 Feb 87 p 2] /9317

CSO: 3400/146

134
SOUTH AFRICA

STATISTICS REVEAL SHORTAGE OF ENGINEERING GRADUATES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Feb 87 p 10

[Article by Mandy Jean Woods]

[Text ] THERE is growing concern that SA is not producing enough engineering graduates to fill the

needs of the local mining industry.

Of particular concern are the low number of mining

engineers graduating from SA universities.

statistics show:

D SA as a whole has produced fewer than 25 professional mining engineers a year over the last two decades;

D Mining houses recruit about two engineers for

every one local graduate;

D Between 25%-30% of all mining engineering graduates who enter the SA mining industry leave it within

fiveyears;

D About 60% of mining engineers practising in SA are

from Britain, many of whom are leaving because of

the impact of the devalued rand in terms of savings,

and currency regulations restricting repatriation of

funds;

The universities of the Wltwatersrand and Pretoria

will graduate about 25 mining engineers in 1987, and

local industry projections for the same period show

100 will be required;

D Indications are the seven mining faculties in the UK

are unlikely to graduate more than 120 mining engineers in1987;

O During the early 1970s, about 80% of the chemical

and metallurgical engineers in SA were immigrants:

this figure fell to only 10% in 1985.

Reasons for these dramatic figures can be attributed to the worldwide decline of the mining industry, the

economic and political trouble in SA, and a universal

decline In the number of students graduating in engineering.

Britain has always been SA's major source of qualified engineers - at its peak the UK produced about

200 mining engineers a year, of which about 150/year

went abroad.

The majority worked on the Zambian cbpperbelt

andtheSAgoldfields. M L

The high number of UK engineering graduates was

due to efforts by the local coal and oil industries,

which lobbied high school students and encouraged

them to joinchoose engineering as a profession.

Now the coal and oil industry no longer require as

many mining engineers, they are not recruiting at

high schools and the effects are being felt in the

graduating classes of mining faculties in the UK, and

ta SA's mining industry.

In the past, SA tended to only recruit people who

had already entered university or those already enrolled in the engineering programme.

Gencor's human resources director At du Plessis

says types of engineers required by the mining industry, in order of importance, are mining, electronic,

mechanical, chemical and metallurgical.

"There are only two universities in SA that have

mining engineering faculties -the University of Pretoria andthe University of the Wltwatersrand.

"Universities across SA graduate other types of engineers, but those graduates tend to look elsewhere

for jobs before considering mining," Du Plessis says.

One reason for so few graduating mining engineers

is the way school children and parents perceive the Industry, says Director of the Department of Mining

Engineering at Wits, Huw Phillips.

"The industry worldwide has an Image problem.

People don't want to work underground because they

perceive it as a dirty, high-riskJob."

Long-term Improvements in safety standards, contributions made by the industry and the long-term

career possibilities are rarely identified.

This means there is an urgent need to improve

overall communications at school and university

level, says Phillips.

135
/13104

CSO: 3400/145

To this end, Gencor has increased the number of

full-time bursaries it awards by 200% since 1986.

In 1985, the group launched a specific programme

to make contact with career advisers at high schools,

universities and technical schools.

In light of the fact that SA cannot produce or recruit

enough engineers, a rethink of its marketing strategy

in terms of selling the product and the country at university level and to hign school students, especially in

the UK, should be considered, says Renwick Executive Search's David Button-Wilson.

"There is a maior problem getting engineers to

come to SA on traditional recruitment remuneration

methods.

"Revitalisation of the overseas recruitment campaign should be done professionally, under the umbrella of some well co-ordinated national body to ensure engineers will want to come and stay here," he

S9VS.

Several major organisations in SA send representatives to the UK twice a year to recruit engineers for

the mining industry.

Recruitment is hampered by the unco-ordination of

company recruitment offices in London, and the inability of SA recruiters to adequately answer the socio-economic and political questions asked by university students, says Hutton-Wilson.

"The prerequisite for recruitment abroad is a

strong, cost-effective UK-based operation with outstanding literature and film material on SA, and especially professional presenters with negotiating skills."

136
SOUTH AFRICA

SELF-HELP PROJECTS TO EASE NATION'S CRITICAL HOUSING SHORTAGE

Johannesburg SA DIGEST in English 30 Jan 87 pp 10-14

[Article by Tracey Kenyon-Slade]

[Text] Housing is currently one of South

Africa's most pressing challenges. Statistics, drawn from both government and

privately financed projects, but excluding projects in the non-independent national states, indicate that about 97 000

houses will be built in Black areas from

this year. A total of 79 900 units will

also be constructed for Coloureds,

10 000 for Indians and 23 500 units are

scheduled for Whites.

According to a mass housing survey

conducted by Engineering Week,

53 130 units (about 55 percent of the

envisaged housing) will be built in the

Transvaal, over 21 830 units will be

built in the Cape Province, 16 170 in

the Orange Free State and approximately 5 880 in Natal.

The above table indicates the cost

and number of units built throughout

South Africa from 1980 to 1985. The

price includes the building cost for each

unit, the cost of the property, provisional services, community facilities and

any additional indirect costs involved

for each of the population groups.

It has become clear that self-help

WHITES COLOUREDS INDIANS BLACKS

19M IHtebaih

COM

1586

R37 411751

13 589

R129 746 391

4 816

R64 848 633

4260

R161 237 795

1M1 (WuMh

COM

8150

R349 056 363

39 433

R761 230 744

17 761

R344 393 910

39 922

R555 175 690

1982 Uüt> bath

COM

1427

R38 128 121

817

R208116148

5280

R90 858 969

14 549

R169 857 142

IMS IMu b>Ut

COM

715

R56 212 209

8546

R115 787 554

5 018

R53 566 433

7 437

R82 182 588

1984 UatobaUt

COM

1684

B107 073 574

8 205

R146 125 277

3334

R77 907 625

2834

R157 977 167

1985 Uana both

COM

3 331

R91 482 115

11513

R189 736 094

2682

R61 225 102

12 702

R165 434 958

projects are more popular than mass

development as they allow the individual a measure of choice and some pride

in his ability to provide accommodation

for his family. This fact also encouraged

the Minister of Finance, Mr Barend du

to place R400-million of the

R750-m allocated to low-cost housing

"in trust" to fund self-help projects.

Although these projects do not progress as quickly as mass developments

and are not suitable for sprawling Black

towns, the pride and accomplishment

felt once the houses are completed is

137
found to be far greater than moving into

mass-produced houses.

To implement the self-help projects

people had to be trained to build their

own houses with the relatively inexpensive materials available in their vicinity.

Thus the Western Cape Training Centre

was established in July 1985 upon the

recommendation of the Government,

which set aside R600-m for the creation

of jobs and the training of unskilled

people in various trades.

The self-help programme was devised along the following lines:

• The housing concept has to be

economical;

• The project has to be labourintensive to alleviate unemployment;

• The house must have a highquality finish to avoid the unnecessary

expense of renovating and repairing;

and

• The design has to be elementary

to enable unskilled people to build the

house.

Self-help housing programmes in

the Eastern Cape, for example, are

based on the premise that:

• Self-help housing can best provide a flexible housing system for lower

income groups at prices they can afford;

• Housing is a developmental process and the provision of housing units

is only one aspect of this process;

• The housing strategy should incorporate a holistic perspective, which

views aspects such as unemployment,

poverty, urbanisation and the population explosion as being integral to the

housing process;

• The importance of the human

aspects of housing outweighs the purely

technological aspects of construction;

and if the self-help housing action in

South Africa is to be more than an

esoteric concept and offer a real solution to the country's housing dilemma,

the small experimental "model" projects must be vastly expanded.

During the 1984/85 financial year

the Eastern Cape Development Board

implemented self-help housing projects

in 14 towns in the Board's area.

Some of the building methods used

in the housing projects being undertaken presently include:

• Shell houses: This is a very costeffective method of home-building. The

houses have a surface area of approximately 59 square metres, which includes two bedrooms, a lounge, kitchen

and bathroom and cost approximately

R3 600 to erect.

This building concept is being used

throughout South Africa.

The building materials consist ot

continuous lengths of tube-like plastic

bags filled with a lime, sand and cement

mixture. It can be cut to any required

length during the building process.

These "tubes" are laid one on top of

the other within a framework of wooden

planks and then interlaid with mortar to

fix them into place and fill any gaps.

Wooden poles form the framework of

the house. Once the construction is dry,

the planks are removed and the walls

are plastered and painted.

Upon completion of the house, the

owners are responsible for the installation of the electrical wiring.

• The Zenzele self-help housing

project near Grahamstown uses the socalled Zenzele method of construction.

This is based on a modified wattle and

daub technology traditional to the

region.

Participants, using their own or employer finance, have a choice of nine

plans depending on their financial

circumstances.

Shortly after the establishment ot

the Zenzele project, a number of unassisted projects were stimulated in various towns in the Eastern Cape.

• Brick houses: New houses are

presently being built under the workcreation programme in many Black residential areas. The eventual aim is to

replace all the old houses by new brick

structures consisting of two bedrooms,

a kitchen and a combined lounge and

dining-room.

Owners are provided with a loan for

building materials. They erect the

houses themselves under the supervision of a qualified building instructor.

• Timber-frame houses: This

housing concept is becoming increasingly popular in South Africa because

of its rapid construction and because it

is relatively inexpensive.

A number of residents of the old

Lawaaikamp Black town near George

in the Southern Cape recently moved

into new timber-frame houses at

Sandkraal. Of these houses 39 were

138
built in 1985, approximately 160 last

year and it is hoped that 150 will be

erected this year.

The Government has allocated

R750-m to low-cost housing. Of this

amount R400-m has been set aside "in

trust" to fund self-help projects. The

remainder is being spent immediately

on urgently needed projects comprising

R185-m for Blacks, R67,7-m for Coloureds, R49-m for Indians and R17.7-

m for Whites.

Good progress has also been made

with the provision of low-cost housing

for Blacks and Coloureds in the Orange

Free State.

According to Mr Baldeo Dookie, Minister of Local Government and Housing in the Indian House of Delegates,

more than 84 646 units, at a cost of

R725,4-m, were provided in Natal from

1920 to 1985.

In 1985/86, R126,2-m had been

spent on low-cost housing for Indians in

South Africa. A further R184-m was

allocated for 1986/7.

Over the past 18 months several

projects were initiated for Coloureds at

a cost of R16,7-m.

Low-cost housing for Blacks in Natal is being provided by the Government

with the assistance of the KwaZulu

Government, the Urban Foundation

and several building societies.

/13104

CSO: 3400/145

Regarding low-cost housing for

Whites in Natal, only two projects are

being contemplated for 1987. Cornhousing is building 107 units in Pinetown and a further 406 in Pietermaritzburg.

In the Cape Province housing projects are being undertaken for Coloureds in many areas.

Numerous low-cost housing projects

have been implemented and are under

construction in the Transvaal. Approximately 8 000 hectares of land has been

proposed by the Government for Black

housing development in the PretoriaWitwatersrand-Vereniging area — just

under half the estimated 17 200 hectares required to cope with growth projections until the year 2000.

Professor Pluto Webb from the University of South Africa's School of Business Leadership believes that self-help

and mass building projects hold the

key to South Africa's housing future.

However, he says, the country does no?

have the materials, the manpower or

the finance to permit the construction of

the more than 3-million homes that will

be needed over the next 20 years or so if

South Africa continues to implement its

traditional home-building methods. A

transition to alternative methods of

construction will not be easy, he says,

but it is essential if the housing shortage is to be alleviated.

139
SOUTH AFRICA

FIRST BUMPER AGRICULTURAL SEASON IN SIX YEARS PREDICTED

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 6 Feb 87 PP 36-37

[Text] The chances are extremely good that this

year SA will have its

first bumper agricultural season in six

years in the northern

summer rainfall area.

Good rains over the

next Five to six weeks

are critical. If they fall, farm earnings could

ripple through the economy, gingering up

business activity significantly.

Optimistic forecasts are that farm incomes alone could add at least 1% to economic growth over the year — it could be as

high as 2% — bringing overall growth m

gross domestic product to upwards of 3%.

The good rains, lower interest rates, cheap

fertilisers — and a reckless disregard for

agricultural surpluses in other parts of the

world — are combining to raise farming

expectations, perhaps to unrealistic heights.

Banks are, for once, eager to provide the

wherewithal to finance crops. They have

already been pitching into Land Bank bills

and will no doubt shave prime rate as much

as possible to capture a larger share of this

market. The Reserve Bank for its part is

eager to see the money supply rise in consequence, to the growth targets it has consistently failed to hit.

However, before the men in smocks down

their pitchforks and join hands for the annual harvest rites, there is something they

ought to bear in mind: the new downwardsliding price system coming into operation on

May 1, which will key farm prices closer to

the market forces of supply and demand.

It aims at penalising farmers who have

overproduced and are as a result forced to

export into oversupplied foreign markets.

Lower prices will also force structural adaptations, as farmers move into alternative

crops. The huge potential gap between producer and consumer prices of maize under

the new pricing scheme will also increase

pressures on the existing fixed-price, onechannel maize marketing scheme.

v*?*^ -^Tlie short-term^

JF squeeze f|,

,&- Total debt burden and short-term debt V^

yum

-;i'i ooo-i

burden of farmers

1970-

Total aobt Iffll Short-ttrm dabt

Short-term <toet » % of total g(wA^yAflriclllainrt »•**». 19

Kyx^viK 5.' -z*-/.*

140
In consequence, important changes — and

vital decisions by farmers, organised agriculture and government — lie ahead. A reduced

role for control boards and a stronger marketing presence for regional co-ops could

form part of the new marketing deal.

The outcome: some farmers will be encouraged to consider using their own maize

to improve cash-flows and profits by fattening cattle, sheep and pigs or by producing

wool, milk or eggs on the farm, rather than

selling their produce to the market at reduced prices.

While consumers could benefit from more

market-related farm pricing, it is also important that the authorities prevent powerful

agricultural monopolies that could manipulate pricing — as is the case with red meat —

and negate the advantages of these developments for the consumer.

Notwithstanding the new farm pricing

policy, few economists doubt that higher

farm incomes will give a substantial

boost to the reluctant economic recovery, benefiting rural economies and

manufacturers of fertilisers, agricultural chemicals, tractors, seed and

other implements vital to agricultural output — such as MercedesBenz cars.

Tractor sales in 1986 were down

to a dismal 5 000 units, from

24 862 in 1981. This signifies a

turnaround from a R400m industry profit in 1981 to a loss of R42m

in 1985. Similarly, fertiliser sales

dropped from 3,3 Mt in 1981 to a

mere 2 Mt in 1986.

Quantifying the effect of bumper crops on economic growth is difficult, with crops like sunflowers

still being planted and others like maize,

groundnuts, sorghum, cotton, soya beans and

potatoes heavily dependent on continued

good rains.

But, crystal-ball gazing aside, some projections are already being made and rough

estimates point to a better economic position

than last year, notwithstanding falling export prices and — in some cases — falling

local demand.

Current rough estimates point to a possible 10 Mt maize crop, leaving an exportable

surplus of 5 Mt after meeting local market

demands. The Maize Board's provisional

sliding price scale announced last year

showed that such a crop might attract possible producer prices of R185/t for white and

R173/t for yellow maize.

But, as this was based on a considerably

weaker rand and higher export prices at that

stage, actual prices — to be announced in

The dismal picture

Terms of trade in agriculture

'75 76 '77 '78 '79 BO '81 '82 83 '84

Fisfd crop» Honicutttiral products Animal products Combined index

Sour»: vukskai

April — could be well below the provisional

prices. Nonetheless, a 3 Mt white maize crop

at R180/t could earn producers R540m,

while a 7 Mt yellow maize crop at R) 65/t

could earn them R1,155 billion — a gross

total of roughly Rl,7 billion.

This compares with gross receipts of

R1.75 billion from last year's 8 Mf crop.

And with interest, input costs, management

and labour costs still to be paid from gross

earnings, it is anybody's guess how much

could flow towards creditors in 1987.

Red meat producers stand to benefit from

higher meat prices, while improved grazing

could replenish depleted herds and give a

long-term boost to cattle, sheep and pig farmers. The national sheep herd is down to

about 27m — from 31m in 1982 — while the

cattle herd, at 7,8m, is still well below the

8,6m of 1982.

Precise quantification of the economic impact of higher farm prices and herd restocking of SA's biggest single farming sector is

impossible, as meat prices fluctuate daily.

But the outlook is definitely brighter for

some stock farmers.

Export-based sectors — citrus, deciduous

fruit, wine, sugar, wool and mohair — are

understandably wary of disclosing world

market prospects for 1987. Export receipts

will be reduced by the stronger rand, while

added costs caused by longer export routes

induced by sanctions could also reduce net

income. But generally markets still exist and

foreign exchange should flow into the coffers.

141
The outlook for other summer crops is also

sweet. Sorghum could hit a record 700 0001

if rains continue, while a potential bumper

cotton crop of 350 000 bales could provide

local needs and save on costly imports. The

groundnut crop could repeat last year's

125 000 t, sunflower seed could reach

500 0001 after last year's 270 0001, while a

large 41 0001 soya bean crop looks possible.

But depending on the uncertain price outlook for its competitor yellow maize, sorghum prices could fall well below last year s

Rl87/t, leading to reduced earnings. Here

also the export outlook is critical, with massive world surpluses depressing potential

earnings. . .

Sunflower prices have been provisionally

increased and farmers could double gross

earnings to R210m, while a bumper cotton

crop will not only save on exports but also

increase gross earnings by some RllOm.

While prospects are substantially better

than last year's, some important structural

problems have still to be faced if agriculture

is to be given a greater market orientation,

thus avoiding an artificial rise in farm incomes at the expense of both the consumer

and, to some degree, the taxpayer.

The outcome will be a much more efficient

and productive farming sector, capable of

adjusting to falling local demand, calamitous

drops in world produce prices and the recent

appreciation in the rand.

This is a state of affairs that not even SA s

21 control boards could turn permanently to

the advantage of producers and distributive

agricultural interests. To try now — as some

foolhardy boards have in the past — to

increase local administered farm prices as

soon as they are stuck with unsold surpluses

will send the rate of inflation substantially

above 20% a year.

Another millstone that agriculture must

bear is the substantial farming debt, which is

expected to grow from 1985's Rl 1,2 billion

toVmassive R13.3 billion for 1986. It is

taxing the minds of the commercial banks,

organised agriculture and government. The

State President's Economic Advisory Council's completed special report on the reconstruction of agriculture is now in government's hands, and an announcement on this

vexed question is generally expected this

month. ,.

But farmers and vested agricultural distributive interests will probably be spared

the brunt of these structural adjustments by

government's election preoccupations and its

relief that nature at least has been kind to

its farming constituency. Progress towards

positive change could be hindered too by the

"strategic" argument that an uneconomic

price has to be paid for self-sufficiency m a

hostile world.

But given the reality of SA's dependence

on foreign trade and the need to maximise its

impact by tuning up economic efficiencies,

government cannot afford altogether to

abandon its faltering moves towards a more

market-related dispensation for agriculture.

Farmers must prepare themselves for a

harsher reality, as doors and windows gradually open to allow the chill winds of local and

international competition to blow away decades-old cobwebs of protection.

Internationally, the coming protectionism

battle between the US and its trade competitors in the EEC and Japan will focus heavily

on agriculture. In fact, Spain's joining the

EEC, and its 100% tariff barrier that cost

the US $400m worth of maize sales, set off

the current furore, with the US Congress

threatening to slap huge tariffs on EEC food

imports. Meanwhile, the Soviets have a so

heavily reduced their imports from the Ub,

adding to massive world grain surpluses.

The US Department of Agricultures

world wheat and coarse grain estimate reported in its December 1986 Foreign Agnculture Circular that world gram trade is at

its lowest since 1978-1979, with estimates

down by 14 Mt over two months. The department also forecasts that USSR grain

imports for the 1986-1987 season will be

5 Mt below previous forecasts.

For SA, export outlook for 5 Mt-6 Mt of

SA yellow maize looks bleak indeed. Fortunately, Taiwan has undertaken to buy some

1 8 Mt from SA over the next three years,

while Eastern Bloc countries might also decide to increase their already-heavy purchases of SA maize.

SA's yellow maize is rated the best quality

on world markets and this could also generate a small premium over competitors. But

this is small cheer in a market where the

Maize Board calculates that yellow^rnaize

has to be exported at a "loss' of R170/

against local prices, not against the cost ol

^National Maize Producers' Organisation

CE Piet Gous says a partial solution would

be for government to guaranteepayment o

storage and handling costs of about R100/

for some 3 Mt annually above local market

142
needs. Farmers would then have to accept

the risk of world market prices.

"Provided we can regain local market

share up to 6 Mt, this would provide a market for 9 Mt maize a year, earn valuable

foreign exchange — some $210m at current

world prices — and cost the taxpayer some

R300m annually. This is small beer compared with current US subsidies of some

$238/ha," says Gous.

Of course, government might wish to

cushion the phasing-in of a more marketrelated system over the next five years. But it

needs to be very careful how this is done. The

expected bumper crops should make the difficult changes ahead easier to bear. To turn

to the US model of farm price supports

might prolong a painful transition and bolster the inefficient.

It is sometimes forgotten that in this country farming is big business. The small man

on the land, usually the target and seldom

the recipient of government beneficence,

provides a diminishing share of agricultural

produce at increasing cost. Any agricultural

support policy must take that into consideration.

TWO STEPS BACK

Indexes of farming inputs,

producer prices and consumer

prices, 1975-1985

Term» of

Yaar Farming Producer trade Coninputs price« «21 -r (1) sume

«11 (2) (3) pricei

1975 100 100 100 100

1980 207,4 178,3 0,86 176,7

1981 230,3 201,1 0,87 203,5

1982 270.5 225,3 0,83 233,5

1983 308,3 253,7 0,82 262,2

1984 330,2 282,8 0,86 292,8

1985 392,9 307,0 0,78 340,3

Average percentage change per annum

1975-1985 14,7 11,9 -2,5 13,0

1980-1985 13,6 11.5 -1,9 14,0

Source: Abstract of Agricultural Statistics, 1986

/9317

CSO: 3400/169

143
SOUTH AFRICA

BUMPER COTTON CROP GOOD NEWS FOR TEXTILE, CLOTHING INDUSTRIES

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 6 Feb 87 pp 84-85

[Text] With a potential cotton crop of 350 000 bales

on the land, SA's 2 500-oddcotton producers

are smiling. A.bumper crop would increase

gross earnings this year to some R335m — a

Rl 10m bonus on the receipts from last year's

233 000 bale crop.

This year, producers expanded plantings

to some 178 000 ha against last year's

125 000 ha.

And it's not only good news for farmers.

The bigger crop might well meet local demand from the textile industry for the first

time. Local spinners have increased their

consumption steadily — from 328 000 bales

in 1984 to 339 500 bales in 1985.

The growth seems likely to continue, with

both the R2,8 billion a year textile industry

and the clothing industry, which had sales

last year of R2,2 billion, benefiting from an

economic upturn.

Clothing Federation public affairs director Hennie van Zyl says most members report steady sales growth. Official employment hit 110 000 in November and another

30 000-40 000 workers are employed in rural

and decentralised areas, but members are

still reporting new hirings in the Cape and

Natal.

"Improved economic conditions, pent-up

demand and, possibly, the rent boycotts all

contribute to the positive pattern," says Van

Zyl. "January orders are up on last year, and

retail statistics show across the board sales

hikes."

While the federation is forming a new

body to promote export sales, the industry is

still plagued by fabric shortages, says Van

Zyl. An estimated 78% of industry members

report supply problems, and fabric is being

imported while the bottleneck in local textile

supply is sorted out. This built up in 1985-

1986 when low local demand coincided with

higher textile exports.

The Board of Trade and Industry (BTI) is

now undertaking a comprehensive investigation into the relationship between local fibre

producing sectors (cotton, wool and synthetic fibres), the textile and clothing industries

and retailers. At stake is the level of tariff

protection needed against foreign imports,

and the BTI report, expected by September,

is awaited with some trepidation.

Security needed

Textile Federation executive director

Stanley Shlagman says the report is urgent

because manufacturers need some security

on tariff protection before they proceed with

expansion investments in the region of

R600m-R800m. . . _..

Van Zyl is less impatient. He tells the tM

the BTI investigation is the most comprehensive undertaken.

"It's vital to all four related sectors, we

cannot afford to hurry it and receive a superficial report. This is a complicated subject

with an impact on the whole economy. We

are happy to wait for September," he says.

144
/13104

CSO: 3400/145

I Cottoning on

Tro3üct!o!rimp3?trT^5nsümp!!5Ty

1976-1985

Vaar 76 77 78 79 8081 82 83 84 85

—" "—'—'—' ' "—"—^ 200kg

Imports ^^» Production!

If the industries get their priorities in

order, Cotton Board manager Johan Gillen is

confident about the future. The cotton, textile and clothing industries have "massive"

potential for expansion, he says, and, all

going well, cotton producers could be looking

at production levels of 600 000 bales a

year.

145
SOUTH AFRICA

MALAN ORDERS CLASSIFIED RESEARCH NOT MADE PUBLIC

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Feb 87 p 2

[Article by Dianna Games]

[Text]

INFORMATION relating

to classified research

done 18 years ago and revealed in the" Pretoria

Magistrate's Court yesterday was not to be made

Rublic, Defence Minister

lagnus Malan has ordered.

The order was made at

the trial of three men

charged with fraud, two

of whom worked at the time for the CblK.

It was alleged by Dr Jan Lochner, formerly with

the CSIR and the University of Port Elizabeth, that

they misrepresented a formula during research done

The accused are the chief director of the CSIR's

National Institute of Telecommunications Research,

Raymond Vice, 61; the retired deputy-chairman of the

CSIR, Dr Francis Hewitt, 67; and a senior lecturer in

applied mathematics at the University of Cape Town,

Professor Geoffrey Brundritt, 46.

The order prevents publication of information relating to the development of weaponry systems for SA

defence and the codenames of certain operations.

Lochner alleged a formula Ire devised to detect

submarines by means of a magnetic field was falsely

presented as not being valid.

The alleged misrepresentation of Lochner and his

system to the Armaments Board and/or to the CSIR,

and/or to the University of Port Elizabeth caused

termination of the research project.

The charge sheet stated the accused knew at the

time that the formula was valid. All three have

pleaded not guilty.

Lochner says he became aware of serious corruption within the CSIR in the 1960s. After reporting his

findings, CSIR staff turned against him and he had

many clashes over his work. He was later contracted

to the University of Port Elizabeth where the research was done.

Brundritt, asked to give an outside opinion, was

shown Lochner's system and an alternative system

from the CSIR. Asked which would, in his opinion,

work best, he chose the latter. The hearing continues.

/9317

CSO: 3400/165

146
SOUTH AFRICA

MICROCOMPUTERS IMPORTED FROM TAIWAN

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 30 Jan 87 p 74

[Text] As the world microcomputer industry grows,

SA is increasingly regarded as a vital outlet

for machines manufactured or designed in

the Far East, notably in Taiwan.

Evidence of the trend, if any were needed,

comes from the Taiwan Computer Show

held in Johannesburg last week. The sponsors, the China External Trade Development

Council and the Taipei Computer Association, say SA's importance as an outlet for

products ofTaiwan's information technology

industry is growing rapidly.

As indeed it is. The worldwide value of

Taiwan exports from this sector reached $2

billion last year, with sales of microcomputers accounting for 9% or $180m —

R450m at an average exchange rate of

US40c. About 1000 of these machines were

sold in SA each month last year, at an

average price of R4 500, giving a total of

R54m — or 12% ofTaiwan's microcomputer

revenue.

What's more, the local micro market,

growing at 22% a year, is one of the fastest

developing in the world, with an increasing

customer base.

Taiwan's information industry began to

take shape some 20 years ago, but has grown

most dramatically in the last few years with

emphasis being placed on the manufacture

of hardware such as micros and peripherals.

Total exports were $114m in 1981 and are

expected to reach $4,5 billion by 1989.

Price has been a major factor in the growing acceptance of Taiwanese micros worldwide, with even IBM-compatible machines

generally retailing at 30% less than an IBM

PC.

Quality has concerned buyers as many of

Taiwan's 300 microcomputer exporters were

"garage" manufacturers, using sub-standard components. However, to facilitate international sales of their products, many of

these now seek approval under various international testing and inspection standards.

Nevertheless, there's still something of an

international problem with fly-by-night

agents who import single orders of machines

from Taiwan, sell them for a quick profit and

then leave buyers without support or service.

SA is not immune, but, unlike other major

markets, there are a small number of legitimate suppliers of Taiwanese products and

i quality is much more easily monitored.

! This and price have been major factors in

the popularity of Taiwanese machines locally. Introduced to the market at the beginning

of 1986, they captured more than 26% of the

R205m microcomputer market in just a year

and are expected to make further inroads in

1987.

With sanctions screws being tightened,

consistency of supply is another attraction

for local buyers, particularly new users.

There are six major suppliers of Taiwanese

micros in SA, accounting for about 75% of

sales, and three of them have local manufacturing capacity.

First among them is Psion Computers,

acquired last year by ICL which estimated

that the takeover would push turnover up

by some R13m (Business August 1 1986).

An advantage for Psion was that ICL resources became available to boost a local

manufacturing programme.

Mitec, a subsidiary of construction giant

Murray & Roberts, and Computershop, subsidiary of shipper Safmarine also have technology transfer agreements which enable

them to manufacture locally. The other

major players in the market are Multitech,

Teco and Copam.

/9317

CSO: 3400/168

147
SOUTH AFRICA

SOPHISTICATED ELECTRONIC 'SNIFFING' DEVICE DESCRIBED

Pretoria PARATUS in English Jan 87 p 32

[Article by Pte G. Pentopoulos]

[Text]

OWIMERCE and industry are growing at a irapidI rate m

South Africa. This phenomenon is not without its^prob-

^ggy lems however. Growing just as rapidly is the security

threat to large buildings, factories and public facilities.

The screening of people entering

such places is becoming more and

more difficult. Walk-through detectors are familiar to those of us who

travel regularly by air, as these are in

use at most airports.

Fuchs Electronics, a subsidiary of

Reutech, is at the moment producing a walk-through security system

similar to those used at airports.

However, it is much more sophisticated. It detects explosives,

weapons and metal-sealed explosives such as limpet mines. It has

been christened "The Sentinel".

As the Sentinel is entirely automatic, other time-consuming and

relatively unacceptable security procedures such as body searches can

be eliminated.

The system combines explosives

and metal detection facilities in one

walk-through unit. Explosives emit a

vapour which is detectable within a

few seconds by the Sentinel's sophisticated electronic "sniffing" device.

The Sentinel has proven to be extremely reliable. The false alarm rate

has proved to be less than 2%.

Besides detecting all metals, explosives and metal sealed explosives, the Sentinel guages the approximate mass of the metal, and

identifies its type. For example, steel,

aluminium, coins and metal foil can

all be measured for their specific

properties, then compared with

those stored in the processor's memory.

The system gives a visual reading

of everything passing through it. As

little as five grams of gold can be

identified by the scanner.

The Sentinel security doorway has

been installed in Britain's House of

Parliament, as well as in nuclear

power stations, banks, museums,

prisons, military and civil establishments, factories, computer centres

and research centres all over the

world.

/9317

CSO: 3400/168

148
SOUTH AFRICA

TECHNOPARK TO BECOME TOP HIGH-TECH ADDRESS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Jan 87 p 8

[Article by Mick Collins]

[Text]

CALIFORNIA has its Silicone

Valley, Scotland boasts a Silicone

Glen, and what could become SA's

Silicone Vineyard is fast taking

shape outside the university town

of Stellenbosch.

"In the UK, the most preferred address for high-tech companies these

days is Science Park, Cambridge. I

believe that in the next decade the

most preferred address for high-tech

companies in SA will be Technopark,

Stellenbosch," says Professor Christo

Viljoen, dean of engineering at Stellenbosch University and the originator

of Technopark.

Technopark is being developed by

the Stellenbosch municipality, which

has made 40ha of prime land available south-west of the town.

The Department of Constitutional

Development and Planning has come

forward with a loan of R6m to develop phase one of the project, which will

comprise about 10ha. Ground will be

sold on a freehold basis to approved

companies.

Services will be made available in

September, but building of the

administration and laboratory complex of the Bureau for Systems Engineering (BSE) — which will eventually comprise 5 000m' — will start in

April.

"Four other companies have already indicated they will follow

BSE's example and say they will set

up their own facilities at the park,"

says Stellenbosch mayor Piet Lombard.

"At least one international company with extensive interests in SA is

considering erecting a research and

development (R & D) facility. It believesit can solve its own problems of

a shortage of high level manpower by

having part ofits R & D carriedout at

Stellenbosch."

Technopark will provide an incubator building for small entrepeneurs.

Space will be available at a low rental. A helicopter pad is envisaged,

which will reduce driving time from

D F Malan Airport. The park is situated on feeding roads leading to the

main routes of metropolitan Cape

Town and is close to Stellenbosch Airport.

The project is seen as a regional

development, and will also rely heavily on R & D work undertaken at the

University of Cape Town, the University of the Western Cape and Stellenbosch University. The Cape Technikon and the Peninsula Technikon are

also expected to participate and provide high level manpower.

Manufacturing in the Western Cape

is expected to receive a major boost

from the park.

"No mass production facilities or

polluting factories will be allowed on

the park," says Viljoen.

"But manufacturing facilities in

the industrial areas of the Cape will

be utilised for products developed in

the Technopark. Its establishment is

seen as an essential link in creating

job opportunities in industry in the

area, where the level of unemployment is high."

149
Viljoen "says that when Silicone

Valley was established in San Francisco in the early 50s, it was met with

derision because, at the time, nearly

all major US industry was situated on

the east coast.

"Silicone Valley soon proved to be

the stimulus for the establishment of

high tech industries in the region and

today is number one in technoparks

worldwide."

Viljoen foresees a similar development in SA, with material based industries mainly in the PWV area and

industries based on knowledge-intensive products in the Western Cape.

"We must put the emphasis on

those indstries which thrive in an

area such as ours. We work with industry not for industry.

"This simplifies technology transfer and ensures a mutual involvement

of university staff in the problems of

industry on the one hand and participation by industry in our R & D programmes on the other.

"As an educational establishment,

our first priority is to our academic

responsibility. R & D undertaken for

industry should enhance our academic capabilities and tie in with our

philosophy," he says.

/9317

CSO: 3400/165

150
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEW POCKET-SIZE COMMUNICATION UNIT—A pocket-size communication unit which

will send and receive messages in print from any telephone has been introduced to the South African market by Johannesburg-based RAM Electronics.

The Phone-Telex PX 1 000 incorporates a word processor for editing messages

on a 40-character display screen and the message can then be transmitted

from any telephone to the home base receiver through the built-in modem.

The unit will also store incoming messages which can be read on the screen.

A compact printer offered as an optional extra can be attached to the

Phone-Telex to provide a printout of incoming and outgoing messages.

"This equipment is ideal for the travelling businessman," says RAM's sales

manager Raul Lazarescu. "It means he can send and receive messages in the

office, hotel room or in the field, from a public telephone." The imported

units are at present only available on monthly lease. Cost: R70 a month.

Phone: (Oil) 23-6221). [Text] [Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English

30 Jan 87 p 68] /9317

NEW WEAR-RESISTANT COATING—The high cost of components because of inflation

and the low rand is forcing industrialists to turn increasingly to remanufacturing and extending the life of units. Tribo-Corr, the Randburg-based

specialist in friction and wear-resistant coatings has developed two longlife coatings for machinery which are to be manufactured locally. Sales

director Howard Shaw says that as the base materials are local the company

is not at the mercy of international metal markets or currency fluctuations.

"Stable prices and guaranteed supply will be a boon to our industrial

sector," he says. The coatings are alumina ceramic, known as Tribo-Ceram

131 VF, and a nickel-based hard facing alloy called Tribo-Hard 15. TriboCeram is a sprayed coating for application to the gland seal areas and

impellers of pumps mainly used in the mining and power generating fields.

"It has been proved to extend the life of components by at least 10 times,"

says Shaw. The nickel-based alloy, mainly used in highly corrosive environments and impact applications, has extended the life of equipment by up to

20 times, he says. It is also said to be cheaper than alternative forms

of protection. Cost: On application. Phone: (011) 793-3665. [Text]

[Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 30 Jan 87 p 68] /9317

151
JOHANNESBURG FIRST COMPUTER MAIL CONFERENCE—Forecasting technological

developments and applications has been a feature of the computer industry

since the .early sixties. However, the results have often been erratic

and recent assessments have proved to be as much as 10 years out. At the

first Computer Mail conference to be held in Johannesburg on March 17,

delegates will be given an international perspective on directions in

computer technology and strategy by Serge Beauregard, a US authority on

technology projections. Beauregard is chief of technology and group vicepresident of Newtrend Group Incorporated, a leading supplier of software

and services for banks and other financial institutions. He has been

exceptionally accurate in technology forecasting, working with organisations

such as the MIT. As the focus on the conference is computer technology in

business, Beauregard will focus on management issues involved in controlling

expected development in information technology as well as appropriate actions

to help make use of it all at all levels of an organisation. Telephone

Audren Golden at (Oil) 642-7262 for conference bookings. The cost is RJOU

a delegate, or R250 if more than three delegates attend from one company.

[Text] [Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 20 Jan 87 p 74J /9J1/

CSO: 3400/168 - END -

152