"Tt is now more cost effective to allow market forces to govern the supply
of petrol to motorists at different times."

He said differentiated pricing of day and night petrol sales could make up
for higher costs which might not be met by increased turnover.

"This would obviate a general price increase," he said.

cso: 3400/111

54



SOUTH AFRICA

LE GRANGE PLAN TO USE TROOPS SCORED

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 7 Oct 84 p 14

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE Minster of Law: and Onder, Mr Louis le
Grange, ap) suggesting com-
ments on the continuing unrest in black urban
areas that the military may be called upon to
assist the police in keeping order. It is not a

to be taken lightly for the consequences
will be far-reaching.

‘The difference between police and military
forces is fundamental. The army is trained to
destroy, and to do so without regard to the cost
in equipment, property or lives. Tt consumes
resources and, given its head as it was in such
disparate examples as Nazi Germany and
Rhodesia, will in the end exhaust entirely the
resources of the state. An army is, and should
be, destructive. .

‘The police are — or should be — trained to

to sustain a just order, and to uphold
. It should be constructive.

Already, in South Africa, the roles have
become confused to a damaging degree. The
methods used by the police to control civil
disturbance include military vehicles and uni-
forms, sjamboks and rubber bullets, all of
‘which are a far cry from the phalanxes of men
with shields and protective clothing, or the
mounted police, used by many other countries.
Certainly, the use of sjam! (the police
prefer them to be described euphemistically
as “quirts”) has raised in many minds the
question whether the training of police in riot
control methods is adequate.

cso: 3400/111

118

Nobody should underestimate the difficulty
of handling hostile crowds by normal police
methods. But neither should we underesti-
mate the dangers of resorting to milita
methods. 6 aneers the police are in control,
and so long as they can be dissuaded from
falling into militarism, there is a chance that
law-breakers will be systematically identi-
fied, arrested, and brought to trial.

It is arduous, expensive and time-consum-
ing, but it pays off in creating or strengthening
respect for law.

the army takes over, it is tantamount
to a confession that the unruly parts of the
country are occupied enemy territory. It is an
exercise not in law enforcement but in re-
conquest. All the civilised relationships which
sustain voluntary order are threatened with
breakdown. . “

Besides, there is an appalling risk that the
army will do what it is trained to do: kill
people as efficiently as it can. The political
consequences could be disastrous.

If the burden on the police is becoming
unsustainable, then the police force needs to
be ded and its training methods im-

prove at the expense if necessary of the
military budget. It is all very well to try to use
the call-up to tap resources of cheap man-
power, but in the end the price of military and
police methods will be profoundly harmful to
the very state which these forces are intended
to protect.



MNR LACK OF UNITY MAY HAMPER PEACE PROCESS

MOZAMBIQUE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 26

[Article by David Thomas]

[Text]

MAPUTO — South Africa
will have to commit its se-
curity forces to a bloody

bring peace to Mozambique,
according to informed opin-
ion in Maputo.

‘There is widespread doubt in
diplomatic and intelligence cir-
cles here that the political
leaders of the i -
tional Resistance have enough
control over their fighters in
the bush to impose a ceasefire.

There are also questions
about the loyalty of some
groups in Mozambique to the
externally based leadership.

An estimated 10 000 to 20 000
rebels are active in all 10 prov-
inces of Mozambique. Their
methods have changed since
Nkomati.

_..mopping up. operation to --

They are said to have broken :
up into small bands of about °

six and no longer operate from
their traditional base camps,
many of which have been over-
run by the Frelimo army with
its superior fire power. ©

There have been indications
that the “quality” of MNR ac-
tivity has been steadily declin-
ing since Nkomati.

20

Their attacks on rural Mo-
zambicans have become more
ruthless and indiscriminate to
the point where even neutral
observers see their action in
some areas as banditry.

The refusal to accept a
ceasefire by the MNR leaders
adds credibility to the view
that they may not have effec-
tive.control over their men on.
the ground.

‘And it is seen as significant
that they have refused to ac-
cept the proposed use of a
South African peace-keeping
force in Mozambique.

South Africa’s agreement to
involve ‘its troops in Mozambi-
que comes after months of.
pressure by friendly Western
nations on Pretoria at the re-

‘quest of President Samora Ma-

:chel’s Government.

-Among those asked-to-inter-
cede was British Foreign
Under-Secretary Malcolm Rif-
kind, who visited Maputo re-
cently and was given a detailed
briefing on the security situa-
tion by the Mozambique Gov-
ernment. “

Diplomatic sources in Mapu-
to believe South Africa’s reluc-



COOPERATION WITH JAPAN EXAMINED

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 1 Oct 84 p 4
[Article by Wellington Kalwisha]

[Excerpts] True, geographically Japan is on the other side of the world,
but in terms of economic co-operation Japan, second only to the United States
in industrial capacity, has since emerged as Zambia's closest economic ally.
And knowledgeable Japanese here are predicting greater participation of
their country in Zambia's industrial development.

On the political plane relations between Lusaka and Tokyo, boosted further
by the visit in March last year to Zambia by the Imperial Highnesses the
Crown Prince Akihito and Princess Michiko of Japan, are considered in both
capitals to be that between all-weather friends, based on mutual respect
and understanding.

Economic

But it is in the economic field where Japan has distinguished herself as a
reliable partner in development. Key areas of this involvement in Zambia's
development sectors include the construction of the paediatric surgical
centre at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka; the implementation of
the micro-wave radio relay project; supply of equipment and machinery for
agricultural and road construction; provision of a loan facility for the
construction of the K44 million Mass Media Complex; and technical co-opera-
tion in various specialised fields.

And according to the President of the Japan International Co-operation
Agency (JICA), Mr Keisuke Arita, the last development survey for Zambia
undertaken in 1982 by JICA shows that Japan was assisting Zambia on the
following major projects:

—-Survey for the establishment of the School of Veterinary medicine at the
University of Zambia (the foundation for which has already been laid at the
main campus in Lusaka by President Kaunda). It will cost K11.4 million.
~-Survey for the construction of storehouses for food grains and survey for
Kambilombilo state farm development project.

149



EARNINGS FREEZE POSSIBLE--South Africa may have to freeze earnings as part
of the remedial action it will have to take to straighten out the economy.
This is the warning from Dr Fred du Plessis, chairman and managing director
of Sanlam. He says foreigners are not interested in investing in South Africa
despite the relatively bargain-priced rand, because of the country's lack of
monetary discipline. According to Dr du Plessis: “A pre-requisite for a
revival of the economy is for the State to get its own finances in order,

to examine the productivity of the State machine, and appreciate bhere.are
certain functions that should be transferred to the private sector. "It
will then be up to the private sector to examine its competitiveness. The
private sector will have to decide what it is prepared to pay for labour.

"a failure to get earnings under control will be a one-way ticket to a
permanent reduction in the value of the rand. "The State must set the
pattern and the private sector will have to follow. If that isn't done, we
will have to freeze wages-~a drastic step, but a certain way to curb infla-
tion." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Oct 84 p 3]

VANADIUM PLANT EFFLUENT--The redesigning of sections of Transvaal Alloys'
vanadium plant at Wapadskloof near Middelburg, has resulted in the total
reduction of effluent. The process, which uses a Sulzer Escher Wyss evapora~
tion plant, recovers about 50 tons of valuable raw material, which is re-used
in the production of vanadium. The evaporation plant, designed and manufac—
tured by the Industrial Products Division of Sulzer Bros SA, has an evapora~
tion capacity of 3 500 t/h. Solar evaporation pans were used before but the
method became unsuitable when the plant capacity was increased. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p OM] ©

AECI BOILER FIRST--A world first in atmospheric fluidised bed poiler design
is nearing commissioning stage at AECI, Moderfontein. The design, construc—
tion and commissioning of the boiler is part of an R11 million contract
awarded to Babcock Engineering Contractors, part of the Babcock Africa group.
The contract involves boiler and associated plant for the flyash incineration
facility. After two stages of dewatering, the flyash will be incinerated

in the fluidised bed boiler, which will produce about 60 t/h of process

steam for nitrogen plants at the factory complex. A special feature of the
poiler will be its ability to switch from flyash to coal should the supply of
flyash from the ammonia plant be interrupted. Besides being one of the largest
of its kind in the world, the boiler will be the first to burn flyash. The
concept of the project process and boiler was developed jointly by Babcock
and AECI, who have entered into a licence agreement to market the technology
worldwide. A British subsidiary of Babcock Power, Fluidised Combustion
Contractors, was responsible for the process design of the complete installa-
tion. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p 9M]

MAIZE INDUSTRY DIFFICULTIES--As the maize industry was virtually bankrupt,
maize prices were unlikely to go up, the general manager of the National
Maize Producers! Organisation, Dr Pieter Gous, said yesterday at a symposium
in Bothaville. He said the present cost levels and exchange rate meant the
maize industry could not sell its crop at a profit. And, while the maize
price was fixed by the Government, a ceiling had been reached. People were
looking for substitutes and consumer groups were complaining--showing that,
on the basis of supply and demand, no price increases could be expected.

144



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as (Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe. Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

NEW CITIZENS TO REGISTER FOR MILITARY SERVICE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Oct 84

[Text]

Thousands of young immigrants who be-
come South African subjects today under
the new Citizenship Amendment Act have
30 days to register for military service.

‘And they will not receive differential treat-
ment by being called up for duty only behind the
main lines of battle.

‘As with all South Africans, they, may be called
up to do border duty, a South African Defence Force
spokesman said in Pretoria.

It cannot be established from the Department of
Defence or Department of Home Affairs how many
immigrants the new law affects.

But it is known that they run into thousands —
mainly between the ages of 15 and 25.

The first will be called to do national service next

July.

On the question of deferment of service, the SADF
requires all those who apply to submit proof of regis-
tration as students or apprentices.

‘The Citizenship Amendment Act was promulgated
in April, but takes effect only today.

It has provision for foreigners to decide themselves
whether or not they want to take up the South African
flag.
Mi n concerned have been asking if they will be
allowed to retain their original passports. ‘This de-

nds on the individual's country of origin, and
whether it allows this.

South Africans with dual citizenship must obtain

rmission if they want to use another passport.

Immigrants with permanent residence status who
left South Africa temporarily in the five years it
takes to become a citizen, and returned before the
age of 25, will still receive automatic citizenship and
have to do national service.

‘The men whom the new Act will affect have vastly
varying attitudes. ‘Those who saw it coming early in
the year ‘volunteered for the July intake to get their
national service over with as soon as possible.

cso: 3400/111

p 1M

One man questioned why black and coloured people
.were not called up for service instead. “They are
more South African than I will ever be,” he said.

Some feel that there will also be an initial with-
drawal of immigrants, especially artisans.

But it is thought that
others will get used to the
idea eventually.

Some young men say
they will accept the ri-
gours of army life to es-
cape lower standards of
living in their home coun-
tries.

Those men who reject
South African citizenship
after today will have to
apply to the Department
of Home Affairs for tem-
porary. work and resi-
dence permits.

Each case, says a de-
partment spokesmen,
will be judged on merit.

Men under the age of
21 whose nts do not
want South African citi-
zenship for them will not
be split from their fami-

ies.

No action will be taken
against people in this cat-
egory until three months
after their 21st birthday.
‘They will then be given
the chance to decide
what they want to do.

114



SOUTH AFRICA

CENSORS TIGHTEN UP ON POLITICAL MATERIAL
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Oct 84 p 2M

[Text] Cape Town--South African censors are exercising stricter controls
on material which calls for political action at a popular level or unmasks
the strengths of apartheid.

This is the opinion of Dr Kenyan Tomaselli, director of the contemporary
cultural studies unit at the University of Natal, Durban.

In a paper to be delivered at a conference on economic development and racial
domination at the University of the Western Cape this week, Dr Tomaselli
writes that there is a corresponding liberalisation of censorship of sex,
nudity and expletives.

Censorship, he says, does not exist in a social or political vacuum but is
a fundamental device used by the state to induce consent among viewers and
audiences for a prevailing social order or for change occurring in that
order.

Censorship

He links the shift in class structure and the State's attempt to co-opt the
urban black middle classes with the liberalisation of censorship of sex,
nudity and expletives.

"The major difference in the implementation of the 1963 and 1974 Acts govern-
ing censorship lay in the implicit recognition of an emerging black middle
class, urban-based workforce which needs to be co-opted into a lifestyle
which secures their alliance with white business while simultaneously severing
its allegiance from the more populous working class."

Dr Tomaselli argues that although the censors have become more tolerant
towards depictions of inter-racial love affairs, they remain immovable on
negative depictions of whites in films and have continued to show "ambiva-
lence" towards films exploring the human effects of apartheid.

63



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

NEW POSTAL UNION HQ--Dar es Salaam--The 17-nation Pan-African Postal Union
has signed an agreement making Tanzania the permanent headquarters of the
organisation. The government-owned Daily News of Dar es Salaam reported
yesterday the Tanzanian Communications Minister, Mr John Malecela, signed
the pact with the union's secretary general, Mr Comlanvi Amoussou. The
office will be opened on land provided by Tanzania.--Sapa~AP [Text]
[Johannesburg TAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Oct 84 p 2]

cso: 3400/99

147



SOUTH AFRICA

MAJORITY OF BLACKS OPPOSES DISINVESTMENT
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 31

[Article by Professor Lawrence Schlemmer: "you Can't Move the Apartheid
Mule by Kicking It to Death"]

[Text] South Africa is quite justifiably seen as mule-like in its stubborn
resistance to the granting of black rights and political participation.

Mules often have to be enticed or beaten with sticks, but why on earth would
anyone beat a mule so hard as to cripple it if no other beast is available?

The disinvestment campaign against South Africa involves two kinds of motives.
Some lobbyists for disinvestment want to peat the mule to get it to move more
quickly--but others want to kill it.

Over the past two years, four major US cities and five states have passed
laws restricting pension fund investments in companies that do business with

South Africa.

Now the influential Mayor of Boston, backed by the executive committee of
the US Conference of Mayors, has launched a campaign to persuade 100 cities

to join the campaign.
This movement is bound to spread to Europe with some degree of success.

The mule will lumber ahead under the beating but nowhere near fast enough to’
satisfy the campaigners.

Like the sports boycott, the disinvestment campaign will try to increase
the punishment rather than reward the mule for its clumsy efforts. None of
this will kill the mule but it is more than likely to cripple its capacity
to work for reform.

Political change never occurs without pressure and the pressures in the
disinvestment campaigns have produced many worthwhile results. The codes
of employment practices can and must be made more effective than they are

at the moment.

74



cso:

Among the pressures known to have
been brought to bear on Fit-Lt.
Rawlings apart from the bonds of
friendship and the threat of revolt
from the other ranks was an appeal
from the American Embassy in Accra.

The Embassy is known to have
written to Fit-Lt. Rawlings pleading
for clemency for Kojo Lee on the
grounds that it was well known that
Fit-Lt. Lee was an unstabie character
and had a history.of mental instability
and had in fact ‘Been receiving treat-
ment from an American psychiatrist.

The parents of Fit-Lt. Lee are Black
Americans who had lived in Ghana for
many years and his father who
practised as a dentist in Accra for
many years had naturalised as a
Ghanaian citizen. Both Dentist and
Mrs Lee have now left Ghana for the
United States of America for good.

3400/98

10



EXPORT-LED RECOVERY INDICATED

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 30 Sep 84 pp 1, 2

[Article by Tony Koenderman]

[Text]

A SUBSTANTIAL leap since May
shows that exports are starting to
respond to the of effective 20% devalu-
ation of the rand this year, eet

the economy up for an export-
Tecovery.

Eiports inthe first it months of the
year are TE es yt on the sam
at 5,9 billion, but since

there has been a much improved
mance,

The improvement on the same month
‘of last year has been:

MAY 26,7%

12,0%

27,8%

35,7%

(Average for the four months 25,3%)

Ped turnaround has two causes. It is in

this period that the exchange rate has
moved sharply against the rand.

In the first three months of the year

tly against

began in

for only about 10%

GST and interest rates,
and many manufacturers

have reasingly to

with exports still ac-

+ Peratel

cour

of ie ontput of the manufac-
turing industry, it is clear
that exy Promoti ion is des-

“We now accept that it is .

Fave! flcy objective” fey Are
+ policy objectives,” says Ar-

immond-Tooke, chief
Maram of the Federated
Chamber of Industries,
aie we must boost man-
factured exports.
tential for ceasing our i
ports of primary products is
ted by factors which are
beyond our control — for ex-
ample, ror demand 12nd
prices. So there le
we can do to increase these
exports. .

123

‘Slower

“In many any commodities, the
actual world demand is in-
creasing at a slower rate
than global GDP because of
‘the shift towards high-tech
products which require less
raw materials.

“Like the rest of the world,
we have to look increasingly
to manufactured exports,
which are linked str
with employment creation
and job advancement.”
hasbeen a als poly sii

as been a major policy

itallised in the

cryst

industrial ‘Sorel
Prete emphasising the op
HOW THE RAND MOVED
AGAINST THE DOLLAR

for a better balance between
import substitution (the main
generator of industrial

growth in the Seventies) and

SOUTH AFRICA

As the World Bank’s 1984
World Development Report
noted, it is now generally ac-

cepted that the only devel

ment route ant Third World
countries is outward-
looking licies.

ie World Bank has
sdenttieg. protectionism as
one of the most serious obsta-
cles to this. As the devel
Countries have felt
squeeze o} longest reces-
sion in 50 years, they have
increasingly sought to keep
low-cost competitors out of
their markets,

Tra

anitey have done this less
dari protectin — which is
frowned on by the General
on Trade and

mal

muscle to bully Third World
steel producers into apeaiste oe
ing ‘voluntary’

ly. eda Ser US ime
ports fom trom developed coun-

and 6% Palen ak ‘loping
qeamirles ax are re subject to non-

te as: ‘towever, is cer-
tainly not the worst offender.
For example, the figures for
Switzerland are 23% (devel-
oped countries) and 49% (de-
veloping); for the EEC as a



SOUTH AFRICA

FACTORS BEHIND BLACK STUDENT UNREST EXAMINED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 4 Oct 84 p 8
[Article by Michel J. Barrette]

[Text]

OVER the last few
months, I have been ex-
tremely annoyed at the
type of comments that
came from the Depart-
ment of Education and
Training as regards the
boycotts in many of our
black schools.

While it.might be swal-
lowed by most white listen-
ers, they are a crude over-
simplification of the
situation or again, a delib-
erate misassessment of
situation.

Let us look at some of the
real reasons:

@ Age-limit: We have been
told that a little over 300
pupils are over the age timit
out of some 1,7-million
pupils. However, we have

been told of the num-
bers of black pupils in white
areas having to go to home-
lands where there is no age-
limit in order to continue
their education.

We have not been told of
the numbers that are unable
to continue with their
schooling in the homelands
‘because they do not have
felatives there or cannot af-

ford the high fees of board-
ing schools in the home-
lands. .

+ ‘We have not been told of

‘the numbers that may fail

this year and have to leave

school next year because

they will be over the age-
it.

‘The reasons for their fail-
beens ae
ks (al il not have
them (ero charge in all
subjects), it may be due to
Jack of money for transport
to and from schools because
their parents cannot afford
it, it may also be due to poor
teaching which still prevail
in many of our schools (Wt -
qualified or unsuitably
qualified teachers or no
teacher at all in a subject
are nothing new in black
education).
@ Corporal Punishment: It
is literally vicious in some
pact Schools. It is especial-
revalent among youn;
teabhers who find it aitte
cult to maintain thelr au-
thority otherwise.

Surely, @ departmental
regulation does not solve
the problem. The problem
is to look at the type of
jtraining our young teachers
‘get.

There is little or no
meaningful contact be-
‘tween white lecturers and
trainees outside the class-
room.

129

Moreover, the very
ple that leave the college
ve all the highest posi-
‘tions within the college!

I have always been sur-
‘prised at the way trainees
are admitted at colleges of
education: no vocational
testing, no interview, no
checking whether an appli-
cant is suitable or not —
only academic results.

{

“@ Students’ Council: Under-
neath this cry is not somuch
the council'as the hidden
hope of having a better deal
as pupils. Pupils often think
the principal is capable of
changing the system where-
as in fact he is only a victim
of the system.

The principal is aware
that many of the textbooks
are unsuitable but he can-
not do anything about it:
they have been approved by
the department and he
knows too well that the
books approved are mostly
‘written by people working
within the department it-

‘The principal is aware
that in some subjects the
pupil must answer what the

lepartment wants (espe-
‘cially in history), otherwise
the Supil ee



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITORIAL ON EDUCATION ISSUE
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Oct 84 p 8

[Editorial: "The Creation of Trust"]

[Text] The new Minister of Co-operation, Development and Education, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, has taken significant action in an attempt to defuse the
crisis in black schools where at any one time perhaps as many as 220 000
pupils-~about 13%.0of the total number--are engaged in stayaways. He has
reopened the Atteridgeville schools closed earlier in the year because of the
sustained boycotts there; and he has agreed to allow pupils to have Student
Representative Councils.

He has not thus far responded to other demands, such as the release of pupils
from detention and the scrapping of age-limit regulations. But the extent

of his efforts at reconciliation are unusual for a Nationalist Cabinet
Minister.

The immediate reactions, however, have been negative. Atteridgeville pupils
did not pour back into their classes yesterday. The SRC announcement is
being condemned because, it is said, pupils were not consulted in the
drafting of it by the Department of Education and Training.

The réjection is especially unfortunate because, as it happens, the depart-
ment's draft constitution is not only remarkably similar in its stated
objectives to a draft prepared by the Congress of South African Students
(Cosas), but Dr Viljoen has noted that the official constitution is subject
to discussion once the SRCs have got going.

The explanation for this anomalous situation lies in the desperate crisis
into which black education has sunk.

There is every indication that considerable numbers of pupils are consciously
and deliberately set upon committing educational hara-kiri. They are filled
with such intense rage and their frustration is so ingrained--specifically
concerning the nature of their schooling and generally about their lot in
life as blacks--that they are lashing out without thought to the consequences
for themselves.

69



SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSVAAL MUNICIPAL ASSOCIATION CONGRESS OPENS
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 11 Oct 84 p 6
[Article by Margaretha Goosen]

[Text] Black local authorities should also be accommodated in the proposed
Regional Services Council, Mr Olaus van Zyl said in his presidential address
at the opening of the Transvaal Municipal Association congress last night.

Mr Van Zyl, 1984 president of the TMA and Randburg councillor, said the
association was aware that black local authorities were not part of the terms
of reference of the investigation into the establishment of Regional Services
Councils (RSCs).

But since the councils will coordinate bulk services for groups of inter-
dependent municipalities--and will also have executive powers--the TMA was
of the opinion that black local authorities could not be excluded.

The TMA knew that a specific Cabinet Committee was giving attention to the
matter, "The Government will thus have to give a definitive answer on this
in the future," he said.

"The TMA will also in due course have to give further attention to this
matter because there is now more clarity concerning the structure for the
joint provision of services."

Addressing an estimated 800 guests at the opening of the congress at the Rand
Afrikaans University in Johannesburg, Mr Van Zyl called on the Government to
also finalise additional sources of revenue for local authorities.

Earlier this year the Government announced three new levies that would accrue
to local authorities, but decided that further discussion with organised
commerce and industry--which will have to pay these levies--would still be
held.

Mr Van Zyl said sources of additional revenue were required urgently by the

newly established black local authorities and "imminent new" coloured and
Indian local authorities.

27



But what's finally at stake is a rapidly-deteriorating environment. Clearly
something has to be done--and soon.

Meanwhile, the world's platinum mines are jostling for position. Germany
is already fitting platinum-based catalytic converters to cars it manufac-
tures for the American market and the South African mines are satisfying
part of this demand. They therefore already have a foot in the door of a
prosperous future.

cso: 3400/111

98



cso:

Indian group areas will become
‘autonomous municipalities, but the
government bas also promised auton-
omy will not be foisted on areas
whose residents are against it,

Indian as well as coloured leaders
have demanded direct representation
in the Johannesburg city council, ar-
gene that all races have helped build

johannesburg and should have a say
in Its running. This view is shared by
the Progressive Federal Party in the
elty counet :
t the chairman of the city’s man-
agement committee, Mr Francois
holzer, has long opposed the de-
mand. He believes that if a town such
as Amesfoort can be autonomous, so
can Lenasia, which now bas @ popula-
tion approaching 100 000.

He also believes that the coloured
area adjacent to Lenasia, Eldorado
Park, which has a population above
100 000, should be autonomous, and
that other coloured areas closer to
city centre — such as Bosmont id
Newclare — should be linked to it
through a corridor of industrial areas
such as Industria.

But Mr Oberholzer’s theory has

been upset

sion to declare Fordsbarg ahd part of
Mayfair, both close to the city centre,
Indian group areas. Unless a Berlin-
type structure 1s created to link the
city Indians to Lenasia, Indian resi,
dents of Fordsburg and Mayfair must
logically be included in the city coun-

If that happens, then Indians and
coloureds in other towns and cities
will be able to demand direct repre-
sentation in existing white councils
too.

3400/111

34

‘That, however, will remain a mat-
ter of conjecture until the central gov-
ernment clarifies the role and strac-
ture of local authorities. The PFP’s
‘Mr Sam Moss says that at the rate the
government is moving, the new Jocal
authority dispensation will not be
ready before 1986.

Scrapping

So, because the Lenasia manage-
ment committee in terms of exis
legislation has little er and little
credibility, an of its term of
office, or even its scrapping, will not

elections, and his continued detention
will ensure that the turnout for the
“EMC poll will be lower than for ‘the
parliamentary election. F

‘And in the present economic ell-
mate, an election of little conse-
quence would be a waste of ‘taxpayers’

Mi fact
hb , scrapping the LMC or the
election would save Lenasia from go-
“h another traumatic, bitter
campaign such as the one that charac-
terised the 1981 election and the
August House of Delegates election in
which only about 10% of registered
Lenasians voted.
Lenasians have had to vote — oF
boycott —- far too often in recent
years. They will welcome & respite.



"I have no reason to believe that they have changed their tactics and the
identification of individuals and the detection of spy rings is a continuous
exercise undertaken by the CIO. I shall make a statement soon on this sub-
ject," the minister said.

Auxiliaries’

Former UANC auxiliaries, members of the Guard Force and other branches of
the Rhodesian security forces who fled to South Africa at independence
had been of great concern to the Government. The exact number involved
had been very difficult to determine accurately, although estimates put:
the figure at about 4 000.

"We know that some people are no longer involved with the South African
military, but by the same token, Super Zapu recruits have been taken to
South Africa for training.

"In the circumstances, it is not easy to provide an accurate figure, but I
would add that from intelligence available to us it is known that there is
still a presence of former UANC auxiliaries in South Africa who hold
hostile intentions towards Zimbabwe."

Some former UANC auxiliaries and people who professed allegiance to the
party had been arrested in Zimbabwe while engaged in seeking intelligence
about the strength and movements of the security forces.

On the fate of the six foreign tourists kidnapped more than two years ago,
Cde Munangagwa said the case had not been closed or forgotten. The success—
ful resolution of the matter remained a priority.

He also said Zimbabwean senior security officers and those from South
Africa often met to discuss matters of mutual concern, particularly relating

to the security of the border between the two countries. Reciprocal visits
were made when necessary, said Cde Munangagwa.

cso: 3400/89

159



SOUTH AFRICA

BONUS BOND ELIMINATION TO COST TREASURY MILLIONS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Oct 84 pp 1, 2
{Article by David Breier]

[Text] Millions of rands will be withdrawn from the State Treasury when
the public starts cashing in Bonus Bonds-~at precisely the moment the Govern-
ment had hoped to set the economy back on its feet.

President P.W. Botha announced at the National Party congress that the Bonus
Bond system would be phased out from next month.

The decision follows opposition by Dutch Reformed churches to the system,
which has been compared to a lottery or a game of chance.

There has been speculation that the Government decision to scrap Bonus Bonds
may be a trade-off with the churches, which are reluctant to see the aboli-
tion.of the Mixed Marriages Act and the race clause of the Immorality Act.

Mr Brian Goodall, a Progressive Federal Party spokesman on finance, said
Bonus Bonds had met a need for the South African public "to take a bit of a
gamble."

Now those who had invested in bonds for this reason would withdraw their
money.

"This is a great pity because Bonus Bonds were a relatively cheap way of
attracting finance,’ he said.

Mr Goodall said the abolition of the Bonus Bond system was "pure hypocrisy"
because the Government sanctioned other forms of gambling.

It had set up homelands whose economies depended heavily on casinos, while
provincial authorities controlled horse-racing.

From next February, holders who did not cash in their bonds would receive

10 percent tax-free a year compounded when they finally cashed in their
bonds.

59



responsibility of the academic institutions to take the lead in this field,
but that they are failing to do so. Aside from the need to familiarise the
student with the technology and principles of CAD, Professor Macnab believes
there is a need to make deep and searching examination of what is being done
in CAD and why. "The philosophical base of CAD is insecure in South Africa
and this is why it is so vulnerable to criticism, misunderstanding and dis-
missal in certain quarters." [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in
English 3 Oct 84 p 13]

SEZELA SUGAR PLANT--CG Smith Sugar has just completed a R85m expansion at
Sezela, on the Natal South Coast. Over R50m was spent on modernising the
sugar mill and R33m on expanding the Smithchem chemical plant. CG Smith
Sugar, part of the Barlow Rand group, expects to produce 245 000 tons of
sugar at Sezela this season, the biggest production of any South African
mill and among the biggest in the world. Smithchem, a subsidiary of CG
Smith Sugar, is a major world producer of furfural and furfuryl alcohol.
Both chemicals are developed from bagasse, a by-product of milled sugar cane.
Furfural, regarded as a strategic material in many countries, is used in the
purification and manufacture of lubricating oils. It is also vital for the
manufacture of furfuryl alcohol, the major component of resins used in the
manufacture of specialist plastics and foams, such as the nose cones of
spacecraft. Another product made by Smithchem from bagasse is diacetyl,
which provides the butter flavour for margarine. Smithchem's general
manager, Mr John Buzzard, said the factory exported 80% of its production.
"We are able to produce all South Africa's annual requirements of furfural
in one week, furfuryl alcohol in one month and diacetyl in two days.

Exports of these products are now worth R20m a year." [Text] [Johannesburg
RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Oct 84 p 15]

UNIT TRUSTS OUTFLOW--South Africa's 13 unit trusts suffered a R9,2 million
net outflow during the third quarter of 1984. In addition, the market value
of their assets declined. But in line with the forecast of Association of
Unit Trusts chairman Mr Alister Colquhoun earlier this year, they 5,5 percent
in the three months to end-September. The unit trust index, which measures
changes in asset values, declined from 569,13 to 525,12 during the three
months. Other features of the quarterly review include: The value of total
equities held in the portfolios declined by 14,4 percent to R802,4 million;
The market value of the assets of the 13 trusts fell from RI 1 175 million
to Rl 075 million; Liquid assets rose by 11,8 percent to R226,3 million,
reflecting a reduced exposure to equities. A sectional breakdown shows

that 11,1 percent of the funds of ithe 12 equity trusts was invested in gold
shares (11,9 percent at the end of June), 11,1 percent in mining financials
(11,5 percent), 10,1 percent in other mining (10,2 percent), 42,2 percent in
industrials (46,7 percent), 1,6 percent in foreign investments (1,1 percent),
21,3 percent in liquid assets (17,3 percent) and -2,6 percent in other
securities (1,3 percent). The only fixed interest fund had 88,8 percent of
its assets in securities and 11,2 percent in liquid assets. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 3]

143



"The fundamental premise of the Government's policy on local government is
therefore self-determination over ‘own affairs' by means of local authorities
and joint responsibility over matters of common interest by means of joint
institutions such as Regional Services Councils," he said.

Mr Heunis said he had been told that there could possibly be resistance to
the establishment of new local authorities.

‘The resistance is apparently based on the fact that the renumeration of
chief executive officials and indirectly also other senior officials is
being determined by the income of the local authority to which they are
attached.

"the fear exists that when new local authorities are being established and
both the jurisdiction and the income of the 'mother' local authority are
being curtailed (by the formation of RSCs), that the service conditions of
officials will be placed in jeopardy.

"“Z want to reaffirm that with the greater responsibilities that will be
transferred to local authorities, no municipal official has to fear for
his position.

"Qn the contrary, we shall have to plan a coordinated strategy for the
training of sufficient officials at local authority level," Mr Heunis said.

Draft legislation to this effect had already been compiled and would be
considered at the next meeting of the coordinating council in Durban on
October 26.

Mr Heunis said the status of local authorities would be determined by the
quality of services at local level “but also the quality of civic right
conferred upon the municipal electorate will be a barometer as to the status
of these institutions.”

"Tn this respect I wish to emphasise that the goal of the Government is that
we should strive to attain a position where as far as is possible, the quality
of civic or constitutional rights of the citizens of South Africa is in no
way inferior to that of any other country.

“Furthermore no groups should dominate other groups or be dominated by then."
Mr Heunis said the local government level would have to fulfil an increasingly
important role "not only in the provision of services, but also as part of the

mechanism in the granting of meaningful political rights to all South Africans
individually and in a group context."

"Local government must therefore not be regarded merely as a service-rendering
body 'selling' services to "customers."

30



Mr Jacoob said he believed the indications were there that the UDF was about
to be banned. A UDF executive member told the reporters that while the UDF
had been formed to contest implementation of the country's new constitution,
its role now that the constitution was in effect would be to fight its
implications.

The statement read at the meeting said the UDF made no apology for the fact
that some of its leadership had been members of the ANC.

These leaders, it added, commanded the respect and support of a majority of
their people and had been democratically elected.--Sapa

cso: 3400/111

62



TEXTILE INDUSTRY WANTS ACTION TO CURB IMPORTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Oct 84 p 11M

[Article by Hannes Ferguson]

[Text]

Faced with a flood of imports in
a declining market, the textile

industry has called for a new

deal.

Industrial strategy should ac-
cept job creation as a priority,
says Mr Gert Schoonbee, chair-
man of the Cotton Board.

Re-affirming the cotton farm-
er’s solidarity with the textile
industry which processes their
crops, he says a new price
agreement between the board
and the spinners would save up
to 80000 jobs on cotton farms.
Dwindling cotton production
would rise again.

Similarly, the state should
protect the jobs of 110000 tex-
tile workers who had no other
job opportunities and who re-
presented eight percent of total
industrial employment.

Mr Schoonbee ‘says that the
flood of imported cotton goods
could bring the South African
consumer no real benefit; it
amounts to importing unem-
ployment, deepening the South

csO: 3400/111

African recession to the detri-
ment of all concerned.
Mr Stan Shlagman, executive

director of the SA Textile Fed- ©

eration, says that for every job
in the textile industry two-and-
a-half more are directly creat-
ed in other sectors. -

This was not an inefficient
local industry clamouring for
shelter from more productive
foreign competition

The industry’s productivity
was increasing by 4,3 percent a
year, and the real price level of
cotton goods had remained fair-
ly constant since 1970. .

The problem was that South
Africa was not a signatory to
the international multi-fibre
agreement which laid down
quantitative limitations to im-
ports to most Western nations.

Exporting nations in the East
were now forced to channel cot-
ton-goods exports to non-signa-
tory nations. Dumping happened
too often.

South Africa’s textile industry
had to bear the brunt of the re-

99

SOUTH AFRICA

cession, but imports had actual-
ly been allowed to increase.

In this crisis situation a new
deal for the industry has to be
urgently worked out, says Mr
Shlagman says.

Mr Vivian Cunningham, the
industry’s representative on the
Steenkamp Commission which
for two years investigated the
textile industry, says the official
stance was that the textile in-
dustry should look to normal
customs tariffs as a means to
protection and not rely on quan-
titative controls.

‘Mr Cunningham, a senior ex-
ecutive of a major textile group,
says that with many misgivings
the industry has finally accepted
this line, on the clear under-
standing that additional tariff
protection could be invoked
whenever exporting nations re-
‘sorted to disruptive’ trade prac-
tices.

This understanding has, how-
ever, proved to be a dead latter,
and the industry was back to
square one. .



ZAPU WINS AT MUNICIPAL ELECTIONS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9

{Article by Michael Hartnack]

[Text]

cso:

3400/95

HARARE. opest Mr Soshua
como's opposition Zapu
pry, trounced Mr Robert

lugabe’s ruling Zanu (PF)
Party in municipal elec-
tions held in Bulawayo at
the weekend.

But Zapu received omi-
nous warnings of a slacken-
ing-off in supy which
could cost it vital seats in
next year’s 1 elec-
tions for the House of As-

sembly.

Zapu retained all 15 city
council seats for
Bulawayo’s “high density”

suburbs.

Defeated Zanu (PF) can-
didates won only 15% to
25% of the votes.

This was, however, a
better showing for Mr Mu-
gabe’s party than in 1980
when it received only 5% to
10% of the votes cast.

Support therefore has
sila hae

ig
aroused by controversial
anti-dissident operations in
Matabeleland.

162

Oct 84 p 3

pee aati
gabe’s ho) Picking up
at least ine or two extra
House of Assembly seats,
particularly on the friny
of the Matabeleland-Mid-
lands area.

‘And, in so doing, it would
boost his plans for a one-

party state.

At the 1980 British-super-

vised election, Mr Nkomo’s

py. ‘won 20 of the 80 seats
the House of Assembly

reserved for blacks.

‘They were polled for

then on a proportional re-
presentations’ basis, but

e forthcoming election is
scheduled to be conducted

on a “first past the ”
Paste past post’

Last weekend, seven
white independent candi-
dates won all the council

ts for Bulawayo’s low

ZIMBABWE



cso:

little support from employers.

“The continuing imbalance in thé
supply and demand for artisans con-
stitutes a serious limitation, not only
on the development of the industry,
but also on the wage structure, be-
cause it inhibits the attainment of a
more equitable distribution of income
between skilled and unskilled employ-
ees,’

Mr Nelson said engineering indus-
try activity continued at depressed
levels last year, although the steep
decline from 1982 to mid-1983 ap-
peared to have been halted.

After falling 13% in 1983, steel pro-
duction in the first seven months of
this year had risen 15,8%. Ferrous
casting, after a 20% slump in 1983, was
up 2,3% so far this year.

The exception to last year’s decline
was ferro-alloy, The industry in-

3400/111

121

creased production by 12% in 1983,
and prospects this year remained
strong in anticipation of continuin,
gro in demand and improv
prices from Europe and the US.

Mr Nelson predicted a continued
cutback in economic activity in the
immediate future and said Govern-
ment iture must be curtailed.

Recent “corrective action”, such as
increases in GST and company tax,
curtailment of tax allowances and
high interest rates, were all inevita-
ble. But the extent of the economic
problem had led to unwelcome side-
effects.

“The economy is clearly in an ex-
tremely serious situation and the
recent social unrest, while possibl;
sparked by other factors, is not -
ated to very difficult economic
conditions and unemployment levels
pertaining.



SOUTH AFRICA

CONTROVERSIAL CYRIL RAMAPHOSA SPEAKS OUT.
Johannesburg ‘SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 7 Oct 84 p 7

[Article by Peter Wallington: "Scargill Union Is Our Model, Says Black
Miners' LeaderTM]

[Text] Friday night is when most people go out and enjoy themselves, Cyril
Ramaphosa holds meetings.

The general secretary of the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM), who came to
prominence recently in the union's wage negotiations with the Chamber of
Mines, is working to build a stronger bargaining pase--"like the British
miners have.”

He has met his British counterpart, Mr Arthur Scargill, leader of the violence-
ridden strike that has closed the coal pits in Britain, but won't say what
was discussed.

At the May meeting, Mr Scargill did apparently promise “noral support," and

Mr Ramaphosa frankly looks to the British union as a model. "For us to win
convincingly against the chamber, we have to become stronger, we’ need to
build up a strong bargaining base like the British union has," he says.

As the NUM approaches its second birthday in December, Mr Ramaphosa, a 31-
year-old lawyer, believes its stature and strength have been enhanced by its
commitment to negotiating and resolving through legal channels the recent
pay dispute at eight mines. 7

The dispute--the first legal strike by black miners in South Africa--meant
long hours for the softly spoken attorney.

But he did not mind. "It's a fulfilling job that offers a sense of achieve-
ment that I did not find in law. That was too mercenary for me."

Seated behind the switchboard at the NUM's Johannesburg offices, Mr Ramaphosa
speaks about himself and the NUM.

Born in Soweto in November 1952, he went to school in Soweto and the Northern
Transvaal, and enrolled at Turfloop University in 1972 for a B Proc degree.

40



SOUTH AFRICA

TATWAN ENCOURAGES RSA TOURISM
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Oct 84 p oM

[Excerpts] Hundreds of thousands of South Africans travel abroad each year
seeking fun, the sun and new experiences, yet only a handful make their way
to Taiwan--a mere 14 000 went there last year, most of whom, it is believed,
were businessmen.

On the other hand, more than 800 000 Taiwanese holidayed abroad last year,
yet only 2 400 visited South Africa.

Mr Yu Wei, director general, Tourist Bureau, hopes the figure will increase
by 10 percent a year following a series of visits by South African and ROC
travel agents which have been planned for later this year.

“We want to increase the traffic flow between the two countries, so we are
organising groups of the right people to assess and familiarise themselves
with the various beauty spots and facilities in Taiwan and South Africa.

"This is just a beginning. Both markets have great potential and the
future seems promising.”

Taiwan has 135 tourist hotels with a total of 23 000 beds. Of the more than
60 hotels in Taipei, the Ambassador and the Grand are the most popular among
South Africans.

Marketing is an important area of his work and Mr Lee travéls around the
world promoting the hotel. Promotion groups are sent regularly to South
Africa and South Korea, with the emphasis on the SA market especially
intense.

"Je spend about R30 000 a year to host cocktail parties in South Africa,
print newsletters and send travel agents publications, which introduce
Chinese culture, customs and scenic spots in Taiwan."

Of the 14 000 South African visitors to Taiwan each year, 90 percent stay
at the Ambassador, claims Mr Lee. .

Located in the centre of Taipei's business, shopping and entertainment
areas, the hotel has 500 de-luxe rooms and suites, numerous restaurants

and hanquet rooms,..a nightclub, swimming pool, business library and shopping
arcade.

csO: 3400/111 82



cso:

and by the end of the
80s we shall have
retrieved 300 000 hec-
tares of land covered by
the sea and snother
200000 of idle and
non-cultivated mass of
land to give us at least
500 000 by the end of
the century.

The DPRK Ambas-
sador who is resident in
Lusaka said in their
drive to build a new so-
ciety North Koreans
have also given very im-
portant attention to edu-
cation because it was
his Government's belief
that when people were
conscious their spirit of
hard’ work became
strengthened. To this
regard, he noted, the
production ‘of pencils
has occupied a first
item position in all their
cabinet meetings since
liberation.

Mr Luk Kang from
South Korea noted that
during his visit to Bo-
swana he held crucial

3400/94

meetings with the Vice-
President Mr Peter
Mmusi who is also in
charge of finance and
Development Planning,
the Minister of Foreign
Affairs Dr Gaositswe
Chiepe, the Minister of
Commerce and Industry
Mr MPK Nwako and
senior officials in
Government on cooper-
ation between Bo-
tswana and his country
and on problems of in-
ternational peace and
harmony.

He said these discus- ,

sions gave him a deep
insight into the water
problem faced by Bo-
tswana and he thought
the digging of boreholes
to provide the majority
of the people in the
country with clean and
hygienic water would
be one of the main areas
of assistance to be ren-
dered by South Korea.
'To facilitate this his
Government would pro-
vide some equipment for
use in digging out under-

ground water and with
effect from next year
many Batswana offi-
cials and technicians
would be offered fellow-
ships in this field.

He disclosed that
South Korean industri-
_alists were very keen in
‘establishing factories in
|the country and the first
step towards this,
jwhich should be imple-

ented in a:matter of

onths, would be the

rection of a blanket
anufacturing plant in
iswana.

On relations with
their Northern kith and ,
kin, Mr Kang said: “It is |
our sincere wish that j
the Korean question '
should be resolved only |
through peaceful |
methods, through direct
talks between the two
parties involved in the
conflict. We will be pa-
tient and continue keep-
ing our doors wide open
for the resumption of
direct talks between
North and South

Korea”. 1



SADF Bonus Bond Losses Reported
(Brian Pottinger; SUNDAY TIMES; 7 Oct 84)....cccececcscceees 58

Bonus Bond Elimination To Cost Treasury Millions
(David Breier; THE STAR, 7. Oct 84) ...ccecceccccccecceccesess 59

UDF Defies Banning Threat :
(THE STAR, 11 Oct BA) cee ceee cece eeceeeresescessccssesecees OL

Censors Tighten Up on Political Material
(THE STAR, 8 Oct 84)....ccccccccececececccccscncccssscseees 63

Le Grange Gives Casualty Statistics
(SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Oct 84).....ccccccccceccecesccncsecssceces 65

Viljoen: School Age Regulation To Be Changed —
(Thelma Tuch; RAND DAILY MAIL, 12 Oct 84).....ccecceceeeees 67

Editorial on Education Issue
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 12 Oct BA) cece sec ecccesecnereeseccceceees 69

‘Black Schools To Get Student Councils Next Year
(Thelma Tuch; RAND DAILY MATL, 10 Oct 84)...ccseesececeeees 71

Majority of Blacks Opposes Disinvestment
(Lawrence Schlemmer; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Oct 84).......eceeeeees 74

‘Shrunken’ NRP Plagued by Problems
(THE STAR, 7 Oct 84) ...cccccceesccacscccceccccccvcescsececes 18

Former Zimbabweans Overcrowd North Transvaal Schools
(Dirk Nel; THE STAR, 4 Oct B4)..ccecuccccccceccesscceccceees 80

Taiwan Encourages RSA Tourism
(THE STAR, 9 OCE 84) .cecsesccescrereeseceteseeceesceneeeeees 82

Existence of "Spy Network’ To Cut Oi1 Flow Claimed
(Mervyn Rees; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 7 Oct 84) ..csccescescccevceeee 83

NP Joins Attack on Government Overspending
(David Breier; THE STAR, 7 Oct 84)....++..+5

TCL Leader Calls for Firing 'Big Spenders'
(Frank Jeans;. THE STAR, 5 Oct BA) eee seeseeeeeeeeeeceeeves 87

NP Benefits. From Loss. of Right-Wingers
(David Braun; THE STAR, 6 Oct 84)... .ccccccececccncececccsees 88

Naude Feels More People Involved in Unrest
(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 4 Oct 84)...cscscecccccccsccccees 90

-e-



Maize farmers had to force down costs individually and as an organised
industry by: Withdrawing marginal fields from maize production and diversi-
fying; Limiting expenditure, cutting purchases of equipment and using only
an essential minimum of fertiliser. Organised agriculture should press for
the removal of import duties on farmer requisites allowing market forces full
play. Subsidies should be borne by the State, not the farmer, Dr Gous said.
Transport costs should be cut, facilities rationalised and storage fees
competitively priced. Agriculture had not contributed to any "overheating"
of the economy and should not be penalised for over-expansion of other
factors. Dr Gous said maize farmers should take proper notice of what
consumer groups were saying. Blacks were consuming half the maize products
produced nationally. They wanted more and better white maize as well as an
extensive storage scheme for white maize. At uneconomic exchange rates,
maize farmers could forget about exports. If farmers did not voluntarily
endorse the proposed production quota system, the Government would be forced
to subsitute a mere floor price for the fixed price system. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p 1M]

SNUBBED TOURISM DELEGATES--Cape Town--The Indian Government yesterday gave an
assurance to 14 snubbed South African delegates to a major tourism conference
to be held in Delhi later this month that they may attend the conference
after all. The travel industry was enraged earlier this week when it learned
that 14 of its most prominent members had been suddenly advised that they
would not be admitted to the country to attend the annual congress of the
Universal Federation of Travel Agents Associations. The vice chairman of
UFTAA, Mr Jerry Fernback, said yesterday at the annual congress of the Asso~
ciation of Southern African Travel Agents currently being held in Cape Town,
where he was a guest speaker, that after being approached by his head office
in Brussels, the word from Delhi was that the delegates may go. "The presi-
dent of UFIAA was told today that there had been an administrative error

and that your delegates could get their visas in Mauritius, the nearest
Indian high commission or embassy to South Africa," he said. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p 1M]

SIMBA BOYCOTT BACKED-~More than 30 trade unions with a combined membership

of 400 000 workers have pledged support for the boycott of Simba products
following the dismissal of 422 Simba Quix employees. The Sweet, Food and
Allied Workers' Union (SFAWU) launched the boycott last week. Supporters

of the boycott include the Federation of South African Trade Unions (Fosatu),
the Council of Unions of South Africa, African Food and Canning Workers’

Union, South African Allied Workers' Union, General and Allied Workers'

Union, and the Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers' Union. Mr J. Naidoo,
general secretary of the SFAWU, said the union would be notifying the Inter-
national Union of Food and Allied Workers' Associations in Geneva. The

union has urged Simba Quix management to negotiate. The 422 Simba workers
were dismissed after striking on August 10 over the firing of three colleagues.
Mr J.C. du Toit, managing director of Simba, said nine meetings had been held
to discuss the dispute and the dismissals were re-investigated and found to

be fair. Numerous attempts to persuade officials to discuss the strike failed.
The workers were fired within the terms of the recognition agreement. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 3 Oct 84 p 2M]

145



Miners Back After Striking

cso:

3400/111

WORK has returned to normal at Gencor’s Marievale
goldmine near Springs where more than 1100 workers
went on strike week demanding a pay they
claimed they had been offered.

Aspokesman for Gencor said the workers had returned
for the Tuesday night and Wednesday shifts.

He would not comment on a National Union of
Mineworkers (NUM) claim that the union had been re-
fused access to the mine during the strike even though the
union is recognised there.

Nor would he say whether the workers had been offered
increases to get to return to work.

37



PLANS TO TURN ECONOMY FROM COPPER TO AGRICULTURE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 5 Oct 84 Supplement p 25

[Text]

IMPOVERISHED Zambia has
ambitious plans to turn its economy
away from copper, which is
fetching low prices on world mar-
kets, and concentrate on agricul-
ture. However, the problems are
enormous.

Experts believe Zambia has great
agricultural potential, but it
suffers from lack of expertise, low
investment and unpredictable rain-
fall. They say the country now has
no choice but to find an alternative
source of revenue to copper, which
can be mined at present production
levels for only 15 more years or so
and provides a negligible contribu-
tion to state coffers. .

‘The only real alternative is agri-
culture, which, although seriously
neglected until now, could become
a significant source of wealth. As
‘one expert said, ‘‘a tonne of beef is
worth more than a tonne of
copper.””

Zambia has the advantages of a
low population (about six million)
and a vast amount of virgin land.
“If Zambia took agriculture really
seriously, it could feed the whole
of Africa,’” was one expert’s assess-
ment.

Jim Woods, executive officer of
the Commercial Farmers’ Bureau,
could point to several successes at
this early stage.

He said that in the last few years
Zambia had become self-sufficient
in beef instead of importing much
of it from neighbouring Botswana,
and was beginning to export hides.
It was also producing significant
amounts of cotton, soyabeans and
sunflower seeds, crops which

156

hardly existed in 1975. ‘‘These are
fundamental changes,” said Mr
Woods, an American who has li-
ved in Zambia for over 20 years.
Mr Woods and other experts
agree that the main problem facing
Zambia as it plans to diversify
from mining to agriculture is not
the widely-publicised drought that
has hit much of Africa, but a
shortage of skilled workers. “it’s
not a lack of money or water, it’s
good management we're after,” he

said.

Experts say the three-year-old
drought would have hit Zambia
even harder if the government had
not sharply raised producer prices
for ‘traditional crops such as
sorghum, millet and cassava
instead of concentrating on maize
as under previous policy.

Sorghum greatly out-produces
maize during a drought, and pro-
duction has risen considerably
following successive increases in the
area following the price rises.

Sorghum also needs less skill to
grow than maize, but it remains
unpopular with city dwellers who
comprise over 40% of the popu-
lation.

Zambia produced only about
10 000 tonnes of wheat last year as,
it requires intensive irrigation. It
therefore has to import a great
deal, much of it from South
Africa. .

Nevertheless, flour is always in
short supply and enormous queues
are a common sight outside
Lusaka bakeries.

Experts say much scarce foreign
exchange could be saved if bakers

ZAMBIA



A Mail Correspondent reports that more than 2 000 students have lost a
year's study following the closure of the University of Zululand at Ngoye
yesterday.

A statement from the university said it had been decided to close because
there was insufficient time to deliver all the lectures necessary to complete
the courses.

There was a poor turnout yesterday at a number of Soweto secondary schools.

This comes in the wake of a decision to continue school boycotts after
pupils dismissed the SRC constitution drafted by the DET on Wednesday...

--About 93 000 pupils in the Vaal Triangle townships continued to stay away
yesterday, as well as pupils in Katlehong, Thokoza, Daveyton, Wattville,
Vosloorus, Duduza and KwaThema.

--Stayaways continued at schools in Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Grahamstown,
Cradock, Fort Beaufort, King William's Town, Somerset East and Port Alfred.

--But a meeting called by the Port Elizabeth branch of the Congress of South
African Students (Cosas) last night resolved to suspend the schools boycott
and return to classes on Monday on condition pupils are not "dismissed,
harassed or victimised."

At a meeting in KwaZakele, pupils agreed to write their final examinations
in February. The meeting, attended by about 1 500 people, also decided to
call a permanent end to the boycott provided democratic SRCs were introduced
as soon as possible.

These SRCs would be mandated to seek an end to "excessive corporal punish-
ment," upgrading of teacher qualifications, attention to the high matric
failure rate, and introduction of a uniform, non-racial system of education.

--A group of 30 students yesterday refused to leave the office of the rector
of the University of the Western Cape after being warned they faced arrest
if they did not present themselves at the Bellville Police Station this
morning.

The six-hour sit-in came after police earlier this week handed a list of
names to the university authorities with a message for the students that
they should present themselves to police.

cso: 3400/111

68



This effect has to be very carefully assessed. It is not at all likely to
topple or seriously demoralise the South African Government.

Nor will it stimulate a revolution or massive unrest because unemployed
people after a while sink back into apathy and a single-minded concern with
survival. The system will persist, but at a lower level of welfare.

The state will have much less money for social reforms particularly since
outside hostility will make the Government determined to strengthen its
security systems.

Placed under economic pressure, whites will become more conservative and the
potential for reform will be undermined.

To all this, one must add the fact that the influence for reform which the
codes of employment conduct have exercised will also dwindle away.

The mule of reform will be crippled and impervious to further beatings. He
might even turn vicious.

It is trite to say that black people will be the major victims of this
process, but it is true and has to be said nevertheless. In the old
Rhodesia they suffered for seven years before liberation.

Unlike Smith's Rhodesia, South Africa is a self-sufficient economy for
purposes of sheer survival, with infinitely greater security resources and
more defensible boundries.

How long must the black people suffer before nearly five million determined
whites and their numerous internal allies can be dislodged by force, and at
what cost in black lives?

The campaign of external pressure, if co-ordinated with the real potentials
for change within South Africa, can have meaningful effects.

Nobody who is genuinely concerned about change in South Africa dare condemn
overseas pressure as such.

It is the specific strategies which are at issue. Constructive engagement
up to now has not been good enough. We need tougher and more constructive
engagement.

In this campaign, however, external lobbies must not become like apartheid

itself and experiment cynically with black lives and welfare for the sake
of soulless or abstract ideals which will take decades to materialise.

cso: 3400/111

77



002108

JPRS-SSA-84-117

7 November 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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CONSERVATIVE PARTY POLICIES CRITICIZED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 24

[Editorial:

[Text]

GESTAPO is an ugly word,
denoting the worst in modern
Inan: redhecked racism; bully-
ing; power lust; political mad-
hess. Gestapo is perhaps the
énly apt word to associate
with any “action group” that
intends to patrol the city, spy-
ing on families, and asking the
‘police to kick people out of
their homes if they are of the
“wrong” race.

> Ghetto is another ugly word.
Jts connotations of oppression

and racism arise from the kind
‘of group areas policy practised
‘by the nazis in Warsaw and
-elswhere. Ghetto is a word in-
‘creasingly being used to de-

scribe the over-filled town-

$hips outside Johannesburg
‘where coloured and Indian

eople queue for houses.
+ Gisterpolitiek is a sad word.
It belongs with those who,

through fear or hate, are un-

dble to share with others; un-
hble to adapt to new realities.

' All three words are asso-
tiated with the latest move by
the Conservative Party to hunt

cso: 3400/111

103

"G Is for Gestapo, Ghetto and..."]

‘down brown people living in

Hillbrow and environs.

Dr Andries Treurnicht has
said that his party does not
consist of racists but of politi-
cal realists. He is of course
wrong, yet the CP’s current
motives are almost worse than
racist. The CP is hounding —
terrorising — innocent human
beings merely to embarrass
the Nationalist Government.
The CP wishes to make more
mockery of the mixed-race
parliament, and to frighten the

: Government back into a
: laager.

The witch-hunt by the Con-
servatives will not only in-
crease hatred and misery

-among people, it will also

damage the country’s interna-
tional relationships in a way
South Africa’s enemies could
never hope to match.

For the sake of humanity
the Government should short-
circuit the CP by suspending
the law immediately and so
avoiding the necessity for the

- police to act.



SOUTH AFRICA

MODERNIZATION OF 40 AIRFIELDS BEING CONSIDERED
Johannesburg DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 3 Sep 84 p 3

[Text] Pretoria--The government intends to classify about 40 of the
most important non-state controlled airfields so that it can subsequently
provide aid to the local authorities for improving these airfields so

as to meet acceptable standards.

This past Saturday Minister of Transportation Hendrik Schoeman opened
the modernized airfield at Louis Trichard and said that the local
authorities must see to it that facilities for handling passengers are
provided and that security and fire-fighting facilities meet the
necessary standards.

He referred to the history of the town's airfield and said that he believes
that the Louis Trichard City Council will comply with the established
requirements.

The minister then pointed out that the town has been identified as a
national growth point and it can be expected that considerable expansion
will be taking place there. No fast growing community can do without the
help of a well equipped airfield.

He also pointed to the possibility offered to tourists by an airfield for
visiting an area speedily and in comfort saying that South Africa has not
yet done enough to bring the country's touristic attractiveness to the
attention of local and foreign travelers.

Neighborliness

Mr Schoeman mentioned the value of air transportation as a means of
communication with adjoining neighbors and overseas countries and said
that since Lovis Trichard is located opposite to black states reciprocal
services can do much in bringing about neighborliness and peace.

126



produce. Kaisa said the TCA should have started buying coffee from peasants
from May 1983 but did not do so until August this year.

He said consequently, only 8,981 tonnes were bought compared to 11,869 tonnes
pought in 1982.

Bukoba borders Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi .-~Reuter/Zana

cso: 3400/88

154



Paper Reports Anti-MNR Feelings
(THE STAR, 5 Oct 84)..s-ceeeetececcceseterceccserssseseres

MNR Lack of Unity May Hamper Peace Process gees
(David Thomas; THE SUNDAY STAR, 7 Oct 84) ..sseeeseeecesere

MNR Hierarchy Still an Enigma “ .
(Joao Santa Rita; THE SUNDAY STAR, 7 Oct 84). ..ceecceeenee

Briefs .
Refugees Flee Into Ka Ngwane

SEYCHELLES

Rene: We Will Never Be Anyone's Military Base
(NATION, 6 Oct BA) ceccctccccccceeeececeneeeeseseeeeseasas

SOUTH AFRICA

Transvaal Municipal Association Congress Opens
(Margaretha Goosen; RAND DAILY MAIL, 11 Oct 84)....+.-00-

Significance of Lenasia Elections Studied a
(Ameen Akhalwaya; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 7 Oct B4)...ceeeecseeeee

Labor Union Activities, Strikes Reported
(Phillip Van Niekerk; RAND DATLY MAIL, 12 Oct 84)...+--0

Removals to Khayelitsha Will Mean ‘Big Trouble’
(THE STAR, 4 Oct 84) ..cseseeecsesseccsenseressessseseseee®

Controversial Cyril Ramaphosa Speaks Out ‘
(Peter Wallington; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 7 Oct 84)..-ssseeeeeees

RSA Regional Strategy Likened to Monroe Doctrine

(Ken Owen; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 7 Oct BA) cece cccec cece eeeenees
Political Leverage of Coloureds, Indians Grows

(Bhadra Ranchod; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Oct 7)

Police Accused of Trying To Spy on SACC
(Eugene Saldanha; THE STAR, 6 Oct BA) ccceeeccceceesseeeees

Lifting of Fuel Levy Welcomed
(Stuart Flitton, Harvey Thomas; THE STAR, 5 Oct 84)....++-

More Forced Removals Threaten NE Cape
(Anton Harber; RAND DAILY MAIL, 12 Oct 84)...eseeeeeeeeees

18

20

22

24

25

27

33

35

38

40

43

47

51

53

55



EXPORTS TO AFRICAN STATES INCREASE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Oct 84 p 10M

[Article by Bill Levitt]

[Text]

cso:

Exports of goods to Africa for the first
eight months of this year have in-
creased 11 percent and may signal a
turnaround in dealings with the rest of
the continent, says consultant Sally
Gallagher of Business Development

Africa (Pty) in an interview.

And the former SAFTO employee
warned SA exporters that they had bet-
ter “be on their toes and more agres-
sive if we as a nation want to take ad-
vantage of the upswing that is develop-
ing” N

This year’s January to, August 30
total is R597,1 million, up from
R541,1 million for the same period last
year but still a long way from the
Ri billion mark hit in both 1980 and
1981. \
Imports from Africa increased to
R288,3 million from R171,8 million for
the first eight months of the year com-
pared with the same period last year.

Coupled with the rise in official ex-

ports to Africa ‘last month came the,

decision by the International Monetarv
Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to
place special emphasis on the Southern
African region.

“That is linked to the security prob-
lems, especially in Mozambique, that
could be resolved in the next 24 months
and it means that the Southern African
region will soon be in the limelight,”
she said.

“Exporters will have to start laying
the groundwork now so that they can
be in-a position to be trusted by Afri-
can authorities and competitive with
foreign corporations.”

3400/111

104

Since the heady days of 1980 when
official exports to Africa topped the
RI billion mark for the first time, busi-
ness has declined at a dramatic pace.

Exports dropped from just over
Ri 000 million in 1981 to R926 million
in 1982 and R798 million in 1983, gov-
ernment statistics show.

Unofficial exports, primarily maize,
wheat and process products provided
an additional 50 percent to the export
total until last year when the drought
and the recession finally hit SA hard,
Miss Gallagher said. ~

Almost 90 percent of SA’s exports to
the continent are calculated in rand
terms so the increase cannot be attri-
buted to the strength of the US dollar
against the rand.

‘Miss Gallagher noted that the three-
year drought, security problems which
affected the transport of goods and the
worldwide recession have severely de-
pleted the purchasing power of African
states.

Tied to the West by favourable cred-
it terms, these states are now finding
that SA can, in many ways, be a better
source for goods and services, Miss
Gallagher said.

Exports to Africa represent five to
eight percent of SA’s total exports — a
far greater percentage than exports
from the West to Africa.

SA’s market share will increase fur-
ther and the importance to the econ-
‘omy, she said, was that these exports
fall across'a broad range of products
that during recessionary times could
swell save South Africans jobs.



RENE:

Victoria NATION in English 6 Oct 84 pp 1, 2

[Text]

SEYCHELLES will never be a
military base for any power
East or West, nor will it ever
allow any country to dictate
what it will or will not do, Presi-
dent Albert René said last
night as he assured the Seychel-
lois people that their country
remained as proud, indepen-
dent and free as ever.

Mr. René said in his radio
and television address that,
among other things, refuted re-
ports in Seychelles and abroad
that the Republic was to be-
come a military base for the
Soviet Union: “Seychelles will
never become a Soviet or an
American, British or French
base or the base of any other
country. We will always main-
tain our freedom and our
independence.”

The United States and the
Soviet Union, the President
said, were the two greatest
powers on earth and no little
country, Seychelles included,
could ignore this.

“But what we can do and are
doing, is keep both these
countries in a position where
neither of them has any control
over us,” Mr. René said.

It was for this reason that
Seychelles received most of its
foreign aid from France, Great

25

WE WILL NEVER BE ANYONE'S MILITARY BASE

Britain, West Germany and the
Arab states rather than from
the two superpowers. “We do
not want to ever find us in a
situation where we are being
squeezed by either of them,”
the President said.

“We have struggled, success-
fully, to remain well balanced
between the two powers,” he
said. But it was natural that
neither of them was satisfied
with such a situation and just as
hatural for each to bring certain
pressures to bear and even to!
spread propaganda in an effort
to make Seychelles lean to-
wards one side or the other.

“But people of Seychelles, I
am proud to tell you today
without any reserve, that we in
Seychelles have kept our
independence.

For example, Seychelles at-
tended both the 1980 Moscow
and 1984 Los Angeles Olympic
Games despite the boycotts of
one or the other superpower
“because we wanted everyone
to see that no-one tells us what
we are going or not going to
do.”

Agreeing that the Soviet Un-
ion provided Seychelles with
military aid, Mr. René exp-

SEYCHELLES



Mr Jim Slater, secretary-general of Britain's NUS and a seasoned international
anti-apartheid activist, is one of the driving forces in the campaign.

The campaign, 'High Seas Spy,’ was launched after the formation earlier this
year of the Maritime Unions Against Apartheid (MUAA) .

The key members of the world group are Britain's NUS, the Transport and
General Workers’ Union (TGWU)-~the biggest union in Britain--and the seamen's
unions in Australia and Denmark. Their policy is to strengthen oil and arms
embargoes against the Republic.

While oil movements are the key target, monitoring action will extend to all
strategic commodities from arms to minerals.

Stumbling

The previous main stumbling. block to monitoring was the fact that the oil
embargo is voluntary, making it difficult. to pinpoint the source of supplies
and high seas trade-offs.

Earlier this year he addressed the UN Special Committee Against Apartheid
to seek support for a conference of maritime unions scheduled to be held in

1985.

The plan is for it to be held under the auspices of the International Labour
Organisation which has already guaranteed its full support and the UN special
committee.

But the union leaders are getting the flow of oil information moving without
delay to provide the ammunition for unprecedented. action to complicate supplies
of South Africa's most vital commodity.

Anti-apartheid leaders see the mobilisation of ‘the seamen's spy campaign as
potentially one of their greatest boycott success stories.

They say that for the first time they will have organised individuals acting
for them wherever oil is moved or traded.

Even shippers using flags of convenience such as Panama, they say, are now
vulnerable.

cso: 3400/1121

84



cso:

He is aghast that the three ae-
fectors joined the NP after the NRP
had pledged in the 1981 elections
that it would keep Natal free,

Mr Hardingham is critical of the
NP’s ‘exclusion of blacks from the
constitution and of Government bu-
reaucracy. But he also says the PFP
policy amounts to one-man-one-vote,

Mr Brian Page (NRP Umhlanga),
chairman of caucus and party Whip,
was involved in local government in
Glenashley for 17 years before going
to Parliament in 1974,

He illustrates his views on the Nats
by referring to the recent Govern-
ment decison to extend 99-year

leasehold to blacks in the Western’

pe.
The NRP believed in freehold, but
would support the latest move be-
cause it was a step in the right
direction.
Mr Raw began his political ca-
reer with the, United Party in Pre-

3400/111

79

toria in 1948,’ became a senator in
1955 and an’MP in 1958, taking over
the leadership of the NRP in 1978,

He said the NP had taken oer
60 percent of the policy.
other 40 t justified the NRP’s
continued role'in moderate politics.

The 40 percent policy difference
includes the exclusion of non-home-
land blacks from the constitution.

He said the NRP was engaged
in talking with black leaders and
was working on.a formula to in.
clude blacks without allowing domi-,
Mr Ww ho immigrated

atterson, who
to South Africa from the island of
Jersey in 1946, had a long career in,
the Durban City, Council and on the.
executive committee of meatal
incil before
Parliament in 1981.

The NP has moved towards the
NRP, but has come nowhere near to
taking over its policy, he believes,



GHANA

JOURNALIST EXAMINES CIRCUMSTANCES BEHIND LEE, ADDY EXECUTIONS

London TALKING DRUMS in English 8 Oct 84 pp 14-15

[Article by Elizabeth Ohene]

[Text]

If The Ghanaian Times is to be
believed, Flight-Lieutenant Jerry
Rawlings kept vigil with Joachim
Amartey Kwei up until the moment of
his execution by firing squad. The
bonds of friendship, The Ghanaian
Times affirmed, demanded it and Flt-
Lt. Rawlings was too decent and loyal
a friend not to have stayed with his
friend even while he was being tied to
the stake.

Amartey Kwei, it will be recalled,
was the ruling Provisional National
Defence Council (PNDC) member who
was executed for the murder of the
three High Court judges and retired
army officer.

One can only assume that the Chair-
man of the PNDC had a particularly
sleepless night this past weekend
because of the ten death warrants he
signed and which ten were executed on
Saturday. Two held closer bonds to
him than Joachim Amartey Kwei ever
did.

It is being suggested that by ordering
the execution of Flt-Lt. Robert Kojo
Lee, a life-long friend and that of
Richard Nii Amo Addy, his nephew,
Fit-Lt. Rawlings has demonstrated that
he is even-handed and in full control of
the country. What is more, it is
supposed to be taken as evidence that
in the new order of things in Ghana,
when it comes to justice, all are equal,
friends and relations of the chairman
are at risk or at liberty as much as your
average Kofi Mensah.

It is useful to examine the cases of
Fit-Lt. Lee and Nii Amo Addy in some
detail to show the tortuous workings of
‘justice’ in the new Ghana.

On December 31, 198! when the
PNDC came to power, Kojo Lee had
been discharged from the Ghana Air
Force for many years and was proprie-
tor of an entertainment establishment
near the Trade Fair site in Accra which
consisted of a Golf course, a drinks bar
and restaurant. During his time in the
forces, he was known as a good pilot
but had been such an unsatisfactory
officer in all ways and got into so many
scrapes that it was a relief all round
when he was discharged.

But Fit-Lt. Lee had been a good
friend of Lit-Lt. Rawlings since child-
hood and Achimota school days
through to the Air Force and they had
been in many scrapes together. When
Fit-Lt. Rawlings seized power there-
fore, he called back his friend into
uniform without any regard to the
rules of the Forces: As one of those
with ready access to Chairman
Rawlings, Fit-Lt. Lee became very
powerful indeed and a virtual law unto
himself.

It is well known that Peter Atsu
Bleboo was not the first person to have
been killed by Flt-Lt. Lee. Even when
he was out of the Air Force, he was
known to be prone and quick to
violence and the story was told of the
poor man whom he caught trying to



My colleague Tony Mathews put it well when he stated that "...if democratic
rights were to be limited to voting, to holding public office--the process
would become sterile, especially in an age of political parties and mass
politics,

Dissent

"The Life blood of democracy is the right to dissent and to organise dissent-
ing groups in opposition to the government of the day."

Individual rights and freedoms receive no mention in the 1983 constitution.

A characteristic of the new dispensation is that rights are to be enjoyed by
~-groups-which-are-based.on-race classification...

Membership of a group will therefore not be voluntary but strictly regulated
by law.

Under the new constitution, we will, in all likelihood, experience a greater
involvement by the State in the lives of individuals.

Efforts to overcome inequalities in the social and economic spheres between
the groups will receive high priority.

This may lead to greater control at all levels, with the State regulating
more and more social activities.

Measures. will be dictated "from above" to ensure the provision of adequate
employment opportunities, education and training, the provision of housing
and health services and the elimination of poverty.

Legitimacy of the new political system will probably not depend upon the
traditional liberal notion of government by consent based on the social
contract theory.

Order

We will be in a transition period for at least the next decade when government
will not be able to rely too heavily on the consent of the governed.

New institutions and social structures will emerge in order to facilitate
the maintenance of order while efforts are made to satisfy the interests
of the participating groups.

Legitimacy for the new system will then hinge on the ability of the Govern-
ment "to deliver" in terms of social and economic benefits.

Steering a society in this way may not conform with Western traditions of
democracy.

49



cso:

easier for a disturbed person to
readjust to daily life.”

The inclusion of the tradition
al healers in the medical coun-
cil list, however, would create a
number of problems, say medi-
cal aid societies.

Ngangas have no fixed tariffs
and fees cannot be standardised
because the healers fall into dif
ferent categories.

There are those’ who divine
with the help of the spirits with-
out administering medicine;
those who are herbalists only;
those who are both spirit me-

* diums and herbalists.

Relationships between pa-
tients and witchdoctors are
based on trust and business is
run on loose lines. .

Normally patients make a
downpayment, or tsamiti, which
is a fee for herbs.

The balance of the fee is due
only if the curé is successful.

‘Nganga fees tend to be quite
low in comparison to those of
‘conventional physicians.

For example, a fee for divina-
tion or diagnosis of an illness
might be between 60 c and R2,40
depending on what the patient
wanted. .

For prophesying the outcome
of an important event the fee
might be more.

In rural areas witchdoctors
normally ask for small amounts
in cash but will accept chickens,

kind.

: Boats; cattle and other payment

3400/93

166

If the scbeme is implemented
some of the possible problems
for medical aid societies will be
of an other-worldly nature.

On divination and prophesy
the spirits set the fees which
ngangas may charge.

‘The healers are mere go-be-
tweens and some spirits which
have helped healers for decades
are still in the habit of quoting
fees in pounds and shillings.

There would also be enor-
mous administrative problems
in paying traditional healers.

The majority live in commu-
nal areas where transport and
communications are bad.

Most are illiterate and would
probably not understand how to
fill in medical aid claim forms.

Opposition could even come
from the ngangas themselves.

It is difficult to see them
agreeing to comply ‘with the
Government’s free ° national
health scheme for those who
earn less than R180 a month.

The majority of their patients
are rural folk who earn much
Jess than that.

Jt would cost the taxpayer
millions of rands extra every
year if the government decided
to subsidise nganga treatments.

ted as ed
medical practitioners, the tradi-
tional healers would have to fill
in income tax returns — some-
thing they do not accept because
they say they work with the per-
«mission of the spirits who can-
not be dictated to.



DU PLESSIS ON TAX DODGERS, STANDARD OF LIVING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p 8M

[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

Drastic measures to punish tax
dodgers are soon to be referred
by the Minister of Finance, Mr
Barend du Plessis, to the Cabi-
net for approval.

The number of Government
inspectors to check that small
businesses were paying general
sales tax was also to be in-
creased, he told the National
Party’s Transvaal congress in
Alberton yesterday.

This would include the use of
national servicemen seconded
from the South African Defence
Force. -

Mr du Plessis said there were
taxpayers who used accountants
to find loopholes to avoid tax —
and what they did came very
close to evasion.

He appealed to those who did
this to refrain in the interests of,
all.

People who evaded tax were
guilty of stealing from salaried
people who did not have the op-

portunity to employ accountants _

to advise them.
Mr du Plessis said he was
considering approaching the ac-

countancy profession al the,

problem.

Earlier in the economic+de-
bate at the congress, Mr-du
Plessis said that the State Presi-
ident, Mr P W Botha, had not yet
reacted to a recommendation
made by the Economic Advisory
Council that the country’s entire

csO: 3400/111

taxation system should be re-
viewed.

He said he agreed that it was
time for an overhaul as, over a
period, a taxation system tended
‘to become twisted.

The question of separate tax-
ation for married women was
raised at the congress by veter-
‘an tax campaigner Mrs Adele
van der Spuy. .

In response, Mr du Plessis re-
peated statements earlier this
year that a final decision would
be made next year.

He warned that the introduc-
tion of separate taxation for
married women would probably
leave the average taxpayer

worse off.

Finance Minister Mr Barend du
Plessis has outlined guidelines
he believes are necessary to get
the economy back on its feet.

Speaking at the National
Party’s Transvaal congress in
Alberton yesterday, he said the
nation had to face the fact that
it was poorer than it was three
years ago. This meant it had to

‘lower its standard of living.

The guidelines to' make the

economy strong again were:

@ Stability. If South Africa was
not stable and not a safe place
to invest in it would lose its ne-
gotiating base with the rest of
the world. Therefore constitu-
tional and social development
and the control of conflict was

91

SOUTH AFRICA

important. Conflict could be eli-
minated by providing jobs and
political accommodation for the
maximum numbers of people.

@ A strong rand. As a currency
unit, the rand would have to im-
prove. There were signs of im-
provement, and the balance of
payments was swinging back to
positive, probably by as much
as R1000 million by the end of
the year.

@A decent interest rate. It was
wrong that people could not
earn even the inflation rate on
their investments.

Mr du Plessis said that the
Government would stick to its
budget next year “come some-
thing or high water”.

If circumstances prevented
the Government from doing this,

‘he would “come clean” and elic-

it public support for extra
ding.

Spent

State departments overspend-
ing considerably on their bud-
gets was a feature of govern-

ment financing in recent years,

which led to higher taxes and
the need for official borrowing
athome and abroad. _

‘Mr du Plessis, who this week
returned from the IMF annual
conference in Washington, said
President Ronald Reagan had
said that the only way to de-
crease taxes was to reduce the
need for them by cutting gov-
ernment spending.


MEDICAL AID SOCIETIES MAY SOON PAY WITCHDOCTORS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Oct 84 p 16

[Article by Samuel Marisa]

[Text]

HARARE — Medical aid socie-
ties in Zimbabwe could soon be
paying for witchcraft.

The Zimbabwe National Tra-
ditional Healers’ Association,
representing witchdoctors and
herbalists, has started talks with
medical aid societies to enable
patients to claim payments for
treatment by ngangas.

Although sorcery and witch-
craft practices have been part
of African culture for centuries,
it is only now that they are gain-
ing recognition.

Early missionaries ‘con-
demned the practice of witch-
craft as a manifestation of evil

and successive colonial govern-

ments tried to suppress the
practice.

Before Zimbabwe's indepen-
dence in 1980 doctors were for-
bidden by regulations to associ-
ate with witchdoctors and of-
fenders were struck off the roll.

However, under the patron-
age of Durban-trained Dr Her-
bert Ushewokunze, Zimbabwe's
first Health Minister and out-
spoken advocate of traditional
Practice, ngangas began to he
recognised as having a role in
the govenment’s plan to pro-
yide health for all by the year

0.

165

Although there has been scep-
ticism about the inclusion of
ngangas in health services, some

conventionally trained doctors’

have come out in their support.

Dr Doris Hollander, deputy
secretary for health in charge
of pyschiatric services, acknow-
ledged the role played by tradi-
tional healers in mental cases.

She said she had never
stopped patients going to ngan-
gas even if they were in the
middle of a course of conven-
tional treatment. _

Mr Jan Rosin, one of Zim-
babwe’s top surgeons, added his
support to a suggestion to in-
clude traditional healers in the
country’s national health ser-
vice.

And he commented that be-
tween 40 and 50 percent of ill-
nesses in the country were psy-
chosomatic and would not re-
spond to pathological treatment.

In most cases only ngangas
would be effective, he said.

Dr William Murdoch, a for-
mer lecturer in psychiatry at
the University School of Medi-
cine, commented: “Traditional
healers were often -successful
because traditional tribal . so-
ciety had norms that made it

ZIMBABWE



There is equal indication that considerable numbers of other pupils are
taking part in the current stayaways from classes either because they have
been warned to do so or face retribution, or they merely believe they will
be harmed if they go to school.

At the heart of it is the acute mistrust of white authority established
over the years--and for which white authority must take blame, whether
because of the arrogant racism of the late Dr Hendrik Verwoerd or the
deprivation of funds and facilities for black education.

Somehow, the logjam must be broken and trust created. Dr Viljoen's role is
crucial. He needs to display infinite patience and wisdom. He has to prove
his moral courage and political farsightedness in breaking away from the
past if the alienated pupils are to be won over. As for the pupils, their
own interests are best served by returning to school.

cso: 3400/111

70



"Tt should be evaluated for what it really is, namely a democratically
elected governing institution.”

Mr Heunis also said he met with the three Ministers for "own" local authority
affairs last week as well as with the Administrators of the four provinces
and the members of the provincial executive councils for local government.

Heunis Outlines ‘Second Tier'

There would be a need for second-tier government in the new constitutional
dispensation but it would probably deal only with "general" affairs, the
Minister of Constitutional Development and Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, told
a Press conference in Pretoria yesterday.

Mr Heunis also released the six reports of the Coordinating Council for
Local Government Affairs, some of whose recommendations have already been
embodied in legislation this year.

He said there would still be a need for second-tier government once the first
and particularly the third levels had been finalised.

The question arose whether the second level of government should function in
a governing or a management capacity.

"Second-tier government will probably ‘only deal with general affairs," he
said.

The six comprehensive reports released yesterday were presented to the
Government in May this year and deal with municipal franchise, demarcation
of geographical areas of jurisdiction of local authorities, criteria for
viable local authorities, regional services, training of staff for local
government and control of local authorities.

Replying to a question on how the Government intended implementing its
previously stated standpoint of maximum possible autonomy for local author-
ities yet at the same time ensuring that they operated within the framework
of national policy as laid down by Parliament, he said this was still being
investigated.

Possible mechanisms were, however, macro-control in terms of finance and
administration, investigations and reports by the Auditor-General, investi-
gations of alleged irregularities by the Advocate-General, and greater voter
involvement and subsequent control in local government affairs.

On the specific issue of control, Mr Heunis pointed out it would not be
necessary for local authorities to be "slaves and mirrors" of Government
policy.

Outlining one of the recommendations in the Coordinating Council's reports,

the Minister said it was envisaged that a person could in effect have three
votes for a local authority.

31



SOUTH AFRICA

RSA REGEONAL STRATEGY LIKENED TO MONROE DOCTRINE
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 7 Oct 84 p 15

[Article by Ken Owen: "The Pretoria-Maputo Axis--SA Fashions a Policy of
Benign Dominance"]

{Text] South Africa has made Mozambique the centrepiece of a regional
strategy which, on a small scale, invites comparison with the Monroe doctrine:
to peg a sphere of influence in which South Africa would displace more distant
nations as the dominant power.

That. Mozambique of all places should become the key to the strategy is an
irony but not an accident,

The text-book Marxist revolution which overthrew the Portuguese 10 years ago
also laid the foundation for Mozambique's destitution. To the misfortune
of. colonial..rule and the destruction of war was added the folly of socialist
economics. The result was pitiful but inevitable.

Economic collapse has been so complete that if Mozambique were to find some
miraculous way to maintain a growth rate of 10% a year it would not in a
century escape ffom the company of the world's poorest nations. And, since
the poor have few choices, President Samora Machel has had to turn to the
only country capable of delivering effective aid to him.

The Soviets only make mischief, the Europeans have withdrawn from the region,
and the Americans-~at least the Republicans--have long recognised that their
best interests are served by putting the burden of regional security on South
Africa.

The attitude was discernible in Washington more than a decade ago when a
frustrated White House official burst out: "President Nixon has offered
South. Africa a chance to control its own region and to keep it secure for
the West, and South Africa is too stupid to see its opportunity."

It may or may not be coincidence that the remark was made shortly before

Mr Pik Botha was posted to the American capital as Ambassador; in any event,
the Foreign Minister has since grasped the point that the role of regional
power suits South Africa far better than the alternate theory that we are a
bulwark of the West.

43



MEANING OF NEW CITIZENSHIP ACT DISCUSSED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Oct 84 p 7

[Article by Gary van Staden]

[Text]

A very confusing and, for
some, disturbing piece of legis-
lation comes into effect on
Thursday: the South African
Citizenship Amendment Act.
, With it comes automatic
‘South African citizenship for
thousands of immigrants who
are under 25 years of age —
and with it comes also military
training.

Some immigrants have al-

ready become automatic citi-

zens by naturalisation and the

new Act affects many others.
The Act addresses three
groups of people:

@GROUP 1: Those who. were
given permanent residence
permits before April 19 1978.
@GROUP 2: Those to whom
permanent residence permits
were issued between April 19
1978 and April 10 1982.
@GROUP 3: Those who have
been issued with permanent
residence permits since April
11 1982: .

Any immigrant living in South
Africa on a permanent resi-
dence permit who will be older
than 25 on Thursday is not af-
fected.

They may, of course, elect to
be naturalised but it will not be
automatic.

112

GROUP ONE

Those immigrants who fall
into this group will become au-
tomatic South African citizens
on Thursday.

Immigrants affected are
those who:

@ Obtained. permanent resi-
dence permits before April 19
1978.

@ Have been resident in South

Africa for-five years.

@ Are aged between 15% and
25 on Thursday. .
‘These people automatically
become South African citizens
and all the men have to regis-
ter for military training within

| 30 days.

Any immigrants in this cate-
gory who do not want to be-
come South ‘African citizens
must contact the Department
of Internal Affairs before

Thurday.

‘They’ will then be asked to
make a formal declaration
stating that they do not wish to
become South African citizens.

‘Once they have made such a
statement their permanent res-
idence permits will be with-
drawn and application will
have to be made for temporary
residence and work permits.



This concept is open to interpretation, but South African lawyers generally
prefer to link the rule of law with justice and have favoured the approach
expounded by Dicey, the great English constitutional lawyer.

Equality before the law, liberty and the ultimate control of government by
the people form the cardinal elements in his definition.

A society is governed according to the rule of law only if its legal insti-
tutions guarantee justice in the sense that basic rights of the individual--
such as freedom. of person, expression, movement and association--are

protected.

According to this interpretation, there are not many societies which observe
the rule of law.

South Africa has been singled out as a major violator because apartheid and
security laws which vest arbitrary powers in officials are viewed by the
International Commission of Jurists and the United Nations as being in
conflict with fundamental human rights.

Detention

While one can hardly deny that there are laws which restrict individual
freedom, it would be misleading to suggest that apartheid in its pristine
form continues to apply in South Africa today.

There have been changes--sometimes significant reform, other times cosmetic
tinkering with implementation of morally offensive laws.

These advances have, however, been eclipsed by the detention of UDF and NIC
leaders shortly before the coloured and Indian elections.

While one may appreciate the need for security legislation in a society
undergoing rapid change, the use of such powers to silence dissidents may
prove counterproductive.

By all means, detain and indict those who seek to disrupt reform by
promoting violence.

But if there is a danger that the security laws are going to be used to
discourage free discussion of government policies, then we need to ensure
that the courts exercise some control on the manner in which the legislation

is enforced.

If we are extending democracy then it is essential that individual freedoms,
especially the freedom of speech and assembly, be curtailed only where there
is an established threat to order.

48



%

TABLE 1

100 l agree that the people in the townships
have legitimate grievances.
82.8
80, . :
719
68,2
60: om
51.4
414
|__| | Percentages of Conservative
40 Party, Herstigte Nasionale
Party and New Republic Party
Supporters cannot be used.
Too few respondents identified
20 || | themselves with these political
parties for thé percentages to
be valid.
° Tol OP OE OZ YR
fee : z 3%
ieee
oe 87 8
<

I agree that people in the townships are being

% pushed into unrest by agitators.
100.

TABLE 2
90,1
aa |
ao] 228 21 [7 |
69.9
eof Ft I
. Percentages of Conservative
Party,Herstigte Nasionale
: Party and New Republic Party
40d HY EY HH supporters cannot be used.
Too few respondents identified
‘themselves with these political
parties for the percentages to
be valid. :
204 4 bY BY eH
0
Total

‘sueyeads,
ysy6u3

suey0ddng
‘Aueg jeuonen

133

sseuoddns |

did



Certainly it takes a more realistic view of South Africa's international
standing than Mr John Vorster's 'outward' policy. The latter policy aimed
not primarily to assist Africa or to exploit South Africa's dominance of its
own region but to win the approval of the West by showing a goodwill towards
Africans outside the borders which it denied to Africans within those borders.
Essentially, it was an attempt to find the way to Europe's heart through
Africa's empty stomach and it retained a strong element of colonial dependency
on the goodwill of the West.

The same emotional dependency operated in the repeated, ultimately abject,
insistence on protecting the Cape sea route on behalf of the West even though
the West cared so little that it denied us the weapons to do the job.

The day South Africa finally grew up can be pinpointed with unusual preci-
sion: On December 19, 1975, the American Senate voted to reject aid for

the anti-communist forces in Angola, leaving South Africa stranded in the
middle of a military campaign which, by nods and winks, it had been encouraged
to pursue. Trapped and alone, the South African army withdrew in good order
put in conditions of perceived humiliation.

That lesson--that we cannot depend on the West for protection even against
the Soviet Union and its surrogates--has caused a progressive shift in
foreign policy from the Northern Hemisphere to Southern Africa. Despite
occasional recidivism (such as Mr Botha's recent tour of Europe), South
African foreign policy concentrates increasingly on the region.

One expression of that policy is the switch from a blue water navy, capable
of operating in conjunction with Western fleets to defend the Cape route,
to coastal defence. The development of specialised equipment for bush
warfare like the Ratel tells precisely how we see our future. We are not,
anymore, an outpost of the Western empire.

Instead of trying to woo Europe and America by courting Africa, South Africa
is now trying to supplant the European and American powers, even if that
means competing head-on with the Soviet Union and its surrogates for regional

influence.

Foreign policy, post-1975 and post-Vorster, has strong roots in the military
establishment, and its early manifestation was an aggressiveness that suited
the image of Mr P.W. Botha. The rationalisation devised by General Magnus
Malan in his 'total onslaught’ theory may be ignored as shallow and limited;
the resultant military actions which were soon in progress against targets
in Angola, Lesotho and Mozambique were terrifyingly real.

The Foreign Affairs establishment, thoroughly alarmed, warned of the inter-
national dangers of excessive aggression in Angola but when its advice was
overriden and the military operations went ahead--nothing happened.

Similarly, the raids into Maseru and Maputo had no immediately profound conse~
quences abroad. Harassment of Lesotho at border posts demonstrated that,
essentially, the international community was powerless to protect South
Africa's neighbours from the new aggression of its foreign policy.

44



--School stayaways affecting more than 220 000 pupils continued yesterday
in the Vaal Triangle, East Rand and Eastern Cape and a school in Soshanguwe,
near Pretoria.

--Unrest spread to two secondary schools in Delmas and pupils were sent home.
A police spokesman said two classrooms were razed at the Thembelihle
Primary School in Soweto early yesterday and arsonists set fire to the
school hall and library at Enkolweni High School, reports Sapa.

--Classes were disrupted at the Jaffa Mahlangu School near Pretoria following
an argument about examinations.

cso: 3400/111

73



SOUTH AFRICA

EXISTENCE OF 'SPY NETWORK" TO CUT OIL FLOW CLAIMED
Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 7 Oct 84 pl
[Article by Mervyn Rees]

[Text] London--Seamen and port workers throughout the world are being
drafted into a 'spy network' seeking to cut off the flow of illicit oi1 to
South Africa.

Britain's 25 000-strong National Union of Seamen (NUS) is one of the prime

movers in the campaign:jaunched in collaboration with unions from dozens
of countries.

Their intention is to supply a stream of precise, early information on South
Africa's oil traffic and the involvement of big-name companies such as BP
and Shell.

The network is already receiving the first of what will become a regular
supply of circulars advising on what clandestine action to take.

All information received will go to the Shipping Research Bureau, a highly
sophisticated wing of the European anti-apartheid movement based in the
Netherlands. It has already produced several detailed and embarrassing
reports on South Africa's oil trade, leading to conflict in the Dutch Parlia-
ment.

Target

The target of the multinational organisers of the maritime union action is
to arm governments, anti-apartheid activists and the United Nations with
information on which they can act quickly.

The network threatens major disruptions to South Africa's vital oil trade
by embarrassing governments and forcing them into taking action against
individuals, oil companies, suppliers and shipping companies, and by forcing
up the price of ofl to South Africa by those disruptions. South Africa
already pays a premium of up to 60% over spot prices for supplies. Any
price increase would also add to crippling insurance surcharges,

83



SOUTH AFRICA

REMOVALS TO KHAYELITSHA WILL MEAN ‘BIG TROUBLE’
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Oct 84 p 4

[Text] Cape Town--Squatter leaders have reacted with anger to the Govern-
ment's ‘announcement that all squatters--"legals" and “illegals"--are to be
moved to Khayelitsha and that “G1legals" will not get urban residence rights.

Dr Gerrit Viljoen, Minister of Co-operation, Development and Education, said
in Pretoria this week that. squatter settlement blacks legally resident in
the Peninsula would be offered core houses ‘in Khayélitsha at R20 a month,
while "illegals" would be allowed to puild shacks on planned sites.

However, he said, "illegals" would not get rights, and "further plans" would
be made for them later.

At least 40,000 of Cape Towns estimated 70 000 squatters are "illegals."
Many have been waiting for years to have their status legalised.

Their major concern is that. families--many consist of "legal" husband and
an “illegal” wife--will be broken up.

Squatters also say a jobless future faces them in the new township because
of the Government's refusal to grant them urban residence rights.

They also fear that the move will herald removals from the Peninsula, because
Khayelitsha will be more easily policed, and that cohesive squatter communi-
ties will be diffused.

Squatter leaders are aware that the plan will undermine the autonomy of the
existing squatter committees.

The powerful leader of the Crossroads committee, Mr Johnson Ngxobongwana,

whose committee has been able to bar even the police and Western Cape
Development Board from the area, said the plan was unacceptable.

38



cso:

3400/111

whole, 9% and 19%; for the
UK 15% and 14%; and for
West Germany 13% and 9%.
pirary tote spirit of Gat,
contrary to the of Ga
but are within the letter of
Gatt's rules because they are
defended-in terms of ‘safe-
guard action’ intended to pro-
fide protection again ae
porary surge of imports.
South Africa’s need for an
export. promotion package to
replace the R180-million a
year export incentive pro-
gramme -which was can-
celled a couple of years ago is
‘complicated by current nego-
tiations with members of
Gatt concerning the pigning
of the Code on Subsidies a
‘Countervailing Duties.

Signing

South Africa a ie commnitted
tosij e code, one.
major ‘aims of which is to

ice or eliminate non-tar-
iff trade barriers.

Becoming a signatory
could affect export promo-
-tion -activities, but would
have the benefit that other
signatories would have to
open their economies equally
to our exports.

Safto chief executive Wim
Holtes reckons there are
about 2 000 South African ex-
porters of which between 400
and 500 account for the bulk
.of the exports.

Mr Holtes says that people

have been in the export

124

trade consistently over @
long period of time are doing
well "But the opportunist,
who export only when dom-
‘estic demand is low and drop
out as soon as the local mar-
‘ket takes off, are not enjoying
the fll benefit of the cheaper
and.
m “Once you have withdrawn
Eom a eon to et
me
“7 the rand

tes says
two structural problems in-
hhibiting the volume of ex-
pers fe have a fairly limi-
number of exporters, and
the 80:20 rule applies: 20% of
the people account for 80% of



TAIWAN-RSA TRADE SET TO INCREASE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 10 Oct 84 p 10

[Article by Stan Kennedy]

[Text]

cso:

The prospects for co-operation
projects between South Africa
and the Republic of China are
vast, says Mr PHJJ van
Vuuren, South African Ambas-
sador to Taipei, on the ROC’s
National Day.

“There is a mutually benefi-
cial relationship in trade, invest-
ments, sport and tourism and an
ever-expanding spectrum of cul-
tural and scientific exchanges
and technical co-operation.

“We have, with few excep-
tions, all the raw materials we
require, high technical skills
and, in many areas, have ac-
quired modern high technology.”

He says South Africa, which
depends on international trade
for about 70 percent of its GDP,
had a total GDP of R93,7 billion
in 1982, compared with
66,4 billion for the ROC.

Four Asian countries —
Japan, ROC, Hong Kong and
South Korea — form South Afri-
ea’s second biggest trading
block after the US.

From 1980 to 1983 there was
a dramatic swing in South Afri-
ca’s trade to its four Orient
trading partners — a 40 percent
increase with Japan and a 60
percent increase with the ROC.

Exports to the ROC last year

3400/111

108

were R300,4 million, including
‘48,2 million for maize.
‘This was well down from the
, R123 million of maize in 1982.
| Imports from the ROC in 1983
‘ totalled R3089 million.

He says Taiwan exporters
have established a firm footing
in our market.

This “will continue to grow in
importance as the fundamental-
ly strong SA economy continues
to grow, the living standards of
the blacks increases and as the
normalisation of relations with
neighbouring states continues on
its present course.”

A determining factor in SA
exports to the ROC in the next
few years will be the extent to
which the present prohibitive
measures, such as high import
duties, will be lowered to more
realistic levels.

There has been a major li-
beralisation of import control in
the past year but a continuous
review of import duties is essen-
tial for the ROC to develop a ba-
Janced two-way trade. °

He forecasts a major rise in
exports to the ROC of South
African goods in the short to
medium-term through growing
awareness among South African
exporters of the opportunities in
the Taiwanese market.



FORMER POLITICAL PRISONER ON ENGLISH AMBIVALENCE

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 7 Oct 84 p 15

[Article by Gerda-Marie Kenyon]

[Text]

ENGLISH South Africans are
ambivalent about South Africa
and live like aliens in their
country, Says poet and former

litical prisoner Jeremy

whites failed
to usefully in
the South African context.
” “White te English-speakers
realise
Sorvrrecice

a at
where the majority are not
white En ers,” he

said.

He said some regard them-
selves as sensible mediators
between the two currents of
Afrikanerdom and black na-
tionalism,

Foreboding

“Man lntellestuals and peo-
ple of
a sense of

about what ihal they are
aithough fh
Sot want to condone what

happening around them they
age | heryous to make any

chan; said.

Wits a saw uprisings in the
townships as wild mob action
jand pei change as com-
‘ing from “dark teclysmic

cso; 3400/111

117

age.

went we continue to see South
Africa as uncomplicatedly
white man’s God-given terrain
then we are unlikely to place

“atany Bnglish-speaki
“Many English-speakin,
whites Talk nomiedgeably
about culture entertain-
ment is'New New york or bondon,
but know nothing of what is
happening in a township 30km
away, ” he said.

‘Cronin said the attitudes
of English South Africans
could be seen in the 180 years
pa nite jones Poetry in

He said’ English South ‘Afri-
can literature at present was
pervaded by a 86 a sense of fore-

boding and
Only if <feor stood “shoul-
to shoulder with black
South Africans in the st
racism” would
future of the country be truly
democratic, he said.
yen Cronin served a seven-
term for distributin,
for the banned Afri-
Pan National Congress. While
fn prison he wrote a book of
poetry called ‘Inside’.

ae

SOUTH AFRICA



TREND TOWARD RACIALLY MIXED UNIONS SEEN

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Oct 84 p 10

[Text]

cso:

3400/111

THE re-grouping of trade
union memberships is a cru-
cial aspect of the manpower
scenario, says the director-
general, manpower, Dr PS
van der Merwe.

He told the Institute of
Personnel Management
(IPM) conference dt Sun City
yesterday there was a trend
for unions organised on a
particular racial basis to be-
come racially mixed where

le.

“This movement is borne
‘out by the fact that the num-
ber of trade unions which
were open to membership of
‘one racial group only de-
creased from 146 in 1980
114 at the end of 1983.

“It is interesting though, to
note that notwithstanding the
decrease in the numbers of
such unions, the membership
of racially exclusive trade
unions had nonetheless’ in-
creased from 563.000 in 1980
to 702 000 in 1983.

eas Pen may be
ascribed to the increase in
the number of black workers
who have joined unions
whose membership is open to
blacks only. .

“There has also been a
measure of re-grouping of
trade unions where, for in-
stance, old-established
unions have broken their
Jong-standing traditional af-
filiations to customary feder-

ations.

“In the newly formed trade
unions there is also ping
taking place with widely di-
vergent views and ap-

122

proaches emerging,” Dr van
der Merwe said.

He said there was an in-
creasing tendency towards
rivalry among trade unions
for the membership of work-
ers. :
“This has the effect of
trade unions competing more
and more in one another's
vested areas of interest as
they operate ‘on the same ter-
rain.

“although this tends to
cause uncertainty and
strained relations among
trade union leaders and their
members, one has to bear in
mind that competition is a
normal feature of the trade
union movement worldwide.

“There has also been grow-
ing influence from external
sources in local trade union
‘matters in the form of finan-
cial assistance, training, ex-
change of knowledge and ex-

pertise.
“added to this, the Interna-

“tional Labour Organisation

updated its programmes in
Fy for action aainst South
Africa.

“Some of the actions are
aimed at disinvestment, ex-
cluding South Africa from
the international employers’
organisation, the withdrawal
of foreign companies, pres-
‘sure by foreign trade unions,
financial assistance to black
trade unions, consumer boy-
cots and the institution of a
prohibition on the handling of
goods at harbours and air-
ports,” Dr van der’ Merwe

SOUTH AFRICA



METHODISTS’ NEW LEADER--Cape Town--The Rev Peter Storey, 45, former president
of the South African Council of Churches, will be the new head of the Method-
ist Church of Southern Africa. Mr Storey, minister of the Central Methodist
Church, Johannesburg, will be inducted by the outgoing Methodist president,
the Rev Fremont Louw, in Pretoria on October 19. By custom, his address at
the induction will give an indication of this approach to the presidency.

His strong views have often made him the centre of controversy, leading
opponents to refer to him as a “political” churchman .~-Sapa [Text]
[Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Oct 84 p 5]

cso: 3400/111

146



Falling in the category of capital grant aid projects is the paediatric
surgical centre and the supply of equipment for improvement of roads while the
faculty of Veterinary medicine project at UNZA is categorised under the on-
going co-operation.

The JICA president, whose organisation is the umbrella body for Japan's
international co-operation, said Japan's performance of technical co-operation
to Zambia has ranged from secondment of Japanese experts, survey teams to
Japan Overseas Co-operation Volunteers (JovCc).

Projects

Since 1982 some 187 Japanese volunteers have been despatched to work on
various projects in Zatbia, mainly in the country's rural areas, while there
has been 81 survey teams from here to Zambia; 17 Japanese experts and 68
trainees from Zambia have penefited from Japanese expertise in Japan.

During a visit to the 55 storey tower headquarters of the JICA at Shinjuku
here I was told that the JICA conducts diversified operations but in particu-
lar, of Japan's Official Development Aid (ODA), JICA implements almost all
of the technical co-operation based on government to government agreements,
and promotes a major part of the technical co-operation-related grant capital
assistance projects.

According to Mr Arita, Japan's net ODA expenditure for 1982 was 3,023
million US doliars (Yen 752,900 million), down 4.7 percent on a dollar basis
from the previous year. When the new medium-term target for Japan's ODA
was set in 1981, the government made an international pledge to more than
double the amount of ODA (about 10,700 million dollars) extended during the
latter half of the 70s and the first half of the 80s.

Japan has ‘granted a total of K82.1 million aid to Zambia since 1981 for
warious projects.

On the other hand, he said, technical co-operation for 1982 showed an
increase of 3.8 percent on 4 dollar basis, or 17.3 percent on a Yen pasis,
from 378.4 million dollars (¥83,450 million) for 1981 to 392.9 million
dollars for 1982. "The agency carried out two thirds of Japan's technical
co-operation mainly in training of overseas co-operation volunteers and
supply of equipment. This showed that in 1982 the agency continued to ful-
fil its assigned important task of international co-operation. .

Tasks

“Future expansion of technical co-operation is one of the important tasks
of Japan's ODA. The agency intends to continue its efforts to improve its ~
operations in quantity and quality," he said.

The agency was established in 1974 under the Japan International Co-operation

Agency law as an executing organ of government-sponsored technical co-opera~
tion for developing countries and as an agent to administer emigration services.

150°



JPRS-SSA-84-117

7 November 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

BOTSWANA

Railway Line Agreement Signed With China
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 2 Oct 84).....ccecceccccecceecceccs 1

ween North,..South-Korea. Economic..Assistance...

(Mxolisi Mgxashe; THE GUARDIAN, 5 Oct 84)....... 2
Briefs
Zambia To Export Electricity 4
ANC Guerrillas Charged 4
GHANA
'Unproductive State Enterprises’ Discussed
(TALKING DRUMS, 24 Sep 84).......cccccececececccececsccces 5
Loan for Probe Questioned, by Poku Adaa
Food Production Corporation
Journalist Examines Circumstances Behind Lee, Addy Executions
(Elizabeth Ohene; TALKING DRUMS, 8 Oct 84).........eeeeeeee 7
Ghanaian Refugees Involved in European Marriage Racket
(TALKING DRUMS, 29 Sep 84)....ccceececceeccceccecectecseces LL
GUINEA
New Diamond Deposit, Potential Discussed
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Sep 84)....ecsecescecesceceeeees 13
MOZAMBIQUE

Aim Head on Pretoria Declaration
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 5 Oct 84).ssss..ca.. 14

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



cso:

Challenged on the point that
the average percentage poll in
township council elections was
well below 20 percent and that
some, in fact, were less than
10 percent, Mr le Grange said
the percentage poll made no
difference.

He said the Government
recognised the councils as being
representative of the people
they served.

The only trouble is that even
allowing for a large slice of
apathy, it is painfully obvious
that the vast majority of urban
blacks do not agree.

The credibility of the councils
is not helped by the fact that at
the first sign of trouble, the
Development Boards stepped in
to help.

It has reinforced allegations '
that the councils are nothing
more than Government puppets
manned by community sell-outs.

3400/111

140

Frequent claims of
irregularities that arise with
regard to council allocation of
houses, business rights and
community privileges is another
contributing factor to the crisis
of credibility.

Deep rooted suspicion exists
with regard to people who are
seen as being willing to earn
salaries to do the oppressors’
work for them.

The councillors, however, see
themselves as performing a
necessary function.

While all this is part of the
problem it is still not,
constitutionally speaking, the
major one.

‘That problem is, and will
remain under the present
system, the issue of the
impending collapse of the only
tier of government where urbar
blacks are supposed to have a
say.



REPEAL OF MIXED MARRIAGES ACT SUPPORTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 84 p 3

[Article by Eugene Saldanha]

[Text]

cso:

The 1949 Prohibition of Mixed Marriages ‘Act would have. to be
repealed before the Government could claim apartheid was truly
dead, says the The Southern Cross, South Africa’s largest Catholic

newspaper.

But the main reason why the
law should never have been en-
‘acted in the first place is that it
infringes on one’s right to
choose a partner, says an edito-
rial in the latest edition of the

newspaper.

“Where Christians are con-
cerned, it is moreover an in-
fringement by an authority act-
ing beyond its competence; the
marriage of two baptised peo-
ple, Catholics believe, is a sa-
crament to which only God and
the Church can attach. impedi-
ments.” :

The newspaper says even the
Dutch Reformed churches had
largely repudiated the theologi-
cal concepts which ‘underlay
their original call for the legis-
lation. _

3400/111

101

The Government had appoint-
ed a commission to inquire into
the Act, and Owen Cardinal
McCann had repeatedly stated
the Church’s opposition to the
A

ct. .

“The official view of the
Church is that the law cannot be
improved; it should never have
been passed; it must simply be
repealed,” says the editorial.

“Since we hold. no brief for
group areas, the homelands, and
separate citizenship, we will be
the first to applaud the step-by-
step dissolution of the apartheid
edifice in favour of a South Afri-
ca whose people freely pre-
serve, combine, exchange and
develop their identities and
values and associate with or
marry whoever .they choose,”
says the newspaper.



SOUTH AFRICA

UDF DEFIES BANNING THREAT
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Oct 84 p 11

[Text] The United Democratic Front does not fear being banned, it declared
yesterday.

"There are indications that the Government intends to declare the UDF an
unlawful organisation," it said in a Press statement. "We place on record
that this action will contribute nothing towards alleviating the present
crisis and will in fact exacerbate it."

The statement was read in Johannesburg by Mrs Albertina Sisulu, a president
of the UDF and wife of imprisoned former African National Congress leader
Walter Sisulu.

"Any banning of the UDF will show the Government's determination to stifle
all legitimate and peaceful opposition," she told about 50 reporters, mainly
from the foreign media.

The statement said the UDF was committed to struggle peacefully for a non-
racial, democratic, unitary South Africa in the belief that this was the
only means of achieving long-term justice, peace and security.

The UDF's acting general secretary, Mr Trevor Manuel, was asked whether
the organisation was issuing a challenge to the Government.

He said: "Let them ban the UDF. What they are facing is the voice of the
people and that can't be banned."

Mr Zac Jacoob, a UDF legal representative, who recently visited Britain,
Europe and the United Nations to seek support for the UDF and the Durban
sit-in six, stressed that the UDF had no link with the ANC.

The UDF, he said, was committed to achieving change by lawful, peaceful

means, while the ANC was committed to the achievement of democracy and made
it quite clear this could only be brought about by violent methods.

61



SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL LEVERAGE OF COLOUREDS, INDIANS GROWS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 31

[Article by Professor Bhadra Ranchod: "Indians and Coloureds Will Have
Leverage in the Highest Forum"]

[Text] The year 1984 marked the implementation of the Constitution Act
which allowed persons of colour to take their seats in Parliament for the
first time.

While much criticism--some of it valid--has been directed at the new consti-
tution, there are indications that the idea of reform groups is widely
supported by whites.

And once momentum is established, the reform process will not be halted.

In fact, optimists in all three groups believe that many of the imperfections
in the present document will ultimately be cured.

While the new system is designed to retain political power in white hands,
it cannot be denied that political rights have been extended to Indians
and coloureds.

They will have leverage in the highest forum and will enjoy bargaining power
in the consensus-style government.

Criticism

At the least, they will be in a position to improve the socio-economic
condition of their communities.

The exclusion of blacks, a major criticism, is under investigation by a
Cabinet committee.

Who knows, in time blacks, too, may be able to participate in the central
decision making process, albeit at the executive level.

On the assumption that the reform scenario will prevail, what of the rule
of law?

47



Grades to date are:

A--10 359 000 kg

A Discount--32 014 000 kg
B--155 522 000 kg

C--42 506 000kg

D-- 6 635 000 kg

This year's record intake of seed cotton peats the previous highest

intake in 1981 when about 200 000 000 kg were delivered to the board.

Since then, successive droughts have taken their toll on the crop although
the actual area planted to cotton is increasing each year--reasons for this
include the crop's relative drought resisting qualities as well as the fact
that sale of cotton to the board is bringing many communal growers from a
subsistence to cash form of operation.

The number of farmers registered as cotton growers is increasing at a steady
pace. More than 107 000 farmers are now registered, compared to about 77 000
two years ago.

cso 3400/92

168



The actual shortfall will be substantially smaller--industry sources are
talking of about R30 million, which will again have to be borrowed.

On the establishment of a fourth terminal at Maydon Wharf, Mr Taylor said no
decision had been made.

"Tt has to be a strategic decision, designed to increase the industry's
capacity by 380 000 tons. It would have to be used for working stocks,
not just for keeping stocks back until the world market price increases."

There was a glut of sugar on the world market and he could not see a short-
term upturn.

The low price was not encouraging consumption. Most sugar in the developed
world was protected price-wise so that US and European consumers were paying
nearly double the price of the South African consumer.

The low price was not getting through to them and in the developing world
there was no foreign exchange and consumption was down.

But he was hopeful in the longer-term. The futures price for December 1985
now stands at $185 against the London daily price of just under 4100-~-an
indication that the price is likely to go up.

"But we must look for 4250 if we are to get a return on our capital," he
said.

Mr Taylor announced at a news tour of extensions to the company's mill at
Sezela on the Natal South Coast that a multi-disciplined team from C.G.
Smith Sugar would visit Mozambique at the end of the month to study ways
of rehabilitating that country's sugar industry.

The industry collapsed soon after independence in 1975, when it was producing
380 000 tons a year from six mills. This has dropped to 80 000 tons as a
result of problems in the field.

Leading the Smith Sugar team will be Mr Taylor, with the company's production
director, field manager and a factory expert.

He said the group was also looking to widening its horizons in the Transkei,
where the government and the Transkei Development Corporation had expressed
a wish for establishing a 50 000 ton-a-year sugar mill to supply the
domestic market.

"Peasibility studies have been carried out by other parties which we have
seen, and we are working on our own, If there is the opportunity with ‘the
right ingredients, we will consider it.”

cso: 3400/1112

96



tance to become directly in-
volved in Mozambique after
signing the Nkomati Accord
was largely responsible for
failure of the non-aggression
pact to stop the continuing
rebel activity. .

“The South African Govern-
ment thought it could just fold
its arms and wait for violence
to end when the guerillas’ sup-
Plies dried up,” said a source.

But, he added, whether or
not Pretoria knew about it,
enough supplies were rushed
through to the Mozambique
National Resistance before the
accord was signed last March,
to keep the rebels going for an-
other two years.

There have also been unsub-
tantiated reports in Maputo
that supplies are still being
shipped into Mozambique. The
sources are given as South
African rightwing elements,
Malawi, Israel and the Comoro
Islands. :

21

Even if there is no founda-
tion to these reports, Mozambi-
que cannot afford to have the

-bush war drag on until the

rebels’ military supplies run
out in two years time.

The country has a critical
food shortage which has been
exacerbated by the security sit-
uation. Many food producing
areas in the north have had
good rains but shipment of pro-
duce {o the starving south has
been disrupted by the rebels.

The. United States and other
Westetn countries have provid-
ed millions of rands worth of
food did. But distribution has
been cirbed by the security sit-
uation. .

The tountry is also awaiting
development aid pledged by
the West. This, the expected ex-
pansion of tourist and other ec-
onomie ties with South Africa
are also being stalled by the
bush war.



[Cardoso] TI have no problem with that. The South African Government has made
war on Mozambique. Now it has decided to actively participate in the peace
process, It is not a problem for Mozambique, I think the international public
will understand it as it pleases them. But I don't think that it would be a
problem as such (?for) Mozambique to see that a party that has waged war on
the country to decide finally: we want to live in peace and to collaborate
and do our best for peace in the country. [sentence as heard] I think, as

far as I can see, as far as what I have seen in the last few months, there has
been no problem.

cso: 3400/90

17



TOURISM RANKS AS SECOND BIGGEST RSA INDUSTRY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Oct 84 p 1M

[Article by Richard Paris]

[Text]

cso:

3400/111

CAPE TOWN — Tourism
has finally surpassed
agriculture as the second
most important industry
in South Africa after
mining, says the execu-
tive director of the Fe-
derated Hotel Associa-
tion of South Africa, Dr
Ernst Uken.

Speaking at a sympo-
sium on the hotel indus-
try at the annual con-
gress of the Association
of Southern African
Travel Agents (Asata), Dr
Uken pointed out that ef-
forts still needed to be
made to expand the coun-
try’s tourism industry.

FOREIGNERS

Locally generated tour-
ism together with the es-
timated R750 million
brought in by foreigners
last year put tourism in
second place in 1984.

From a four percent
loss in 1983, incoming
tourism figures are up by
14 percent for the first
four months of 1984 com-

100

pared with the same
period last year, he said.
Other points made dur-

.ing the symposium were:

@ Travel agents were re-
sponsible for a decision
to visit South Africa by
only 2,7 percent of all
overseas visitors last

year.

@ Less than five percent
of tourists who stay in
hotels were brought in by
travel agents. 1
@ A mammoth 34 percent
of visitors came on busi-
ness or combined busi;
ness and pleasure.

@ Twenty-nine percent
visitors came to visit
friends and relatives. -
@ Only 1,1 percent were

attracted to the country.

from advertising. .'~ 4
@ Just over four percent
(4,1) said they came “out
of curiosity”. i
@ Sixty percent of South
Africans who have trav:

elled abroad or plan to in

the future have never
been to Cape Town.

SOUTH AFRICA



cso:

3400/94

used 25% sorghum flour in their
bread, It makes no difference to the
taste and such bread was widely
sold in Sudan under a government
scheme to reduce imports, they
added.

Zambian agicultural output is
dominated by commercial farmers
who comprise only 4% of farm
households but produce 40% of
the country’s maize.

‘Zambia's 460 000 peasant house-
holds produce largely at a subsis-
tence level, growing only about a
fifth of the maize grown by large-
scale commercial farmers.

‘A recent world bank-sponsored
report acknowledged that the per-
formance of traditional farmers
has not been encouraging.

It said their share of agricultural
output had fallen from 82% at
independence in 1964 to 5% in
1982, while ‘commercial farmers
had increased their share from
about 19% to 41% in the same
period.

‘The report, endorsed by Presi-
dent Kenneth Kaunda, said:
“Improving and expanding pro-
duction by traditional and emer-
gent farmers is the surest way of
raising the living standards of the
majority of Zambians, ensuring an
equitable distribution of income
and enhancing regional balance in
development.””

‘The report also said a severe
shortage of tractors and ox-drawn
implements was a serious constraint
‘on Zambian agriculture as it greatly
limited the amount of land a
farmer could cultivate.

157

It noted that this was especially
critical because of Zambia's rela-
tively short rainy season, and said
a week’s delay in planting could
result in a 50% drop in yields,

It also said that because of a
shortage of spare parts only about
2 300 of the country’s 6 000 trac-
tors were in reasonable working
order and that many trained oxen
could not be used because ploughs
were often unobtainable. :

‘Zambia is beginning to consider
which cash export crops it should
concentrate on. Experts believe
tobacco and coffee offer the grea-
test potential and note that neigh-
bouring Zimbabwe, with roughly
si conditions, is the world’s
biggest tobacco exporter.

But Zambia has greatly neglec-
ted its once flourishing tobacco
industry in recent years, virginia
output having fallen from 5 588
tonnes in 1977 to about 2290

tonnes last year.
"At present. ‘Zambia produces

only a few dozen tonnes of coffee
annually but is applying for
membership of the international
coffee organisation in the hope of
becoming a big exporter.

It is also beginning to export
sub-tropical vegetables to Europe,
and one Zambian expert reckoned
it could earn £5 million ($6,5

million) annually from such sales
in the next few years. 5
But Zambia is hampered by its
landlocked position and distance ,
from the markets, and as the
Zambian expert said: “if we
provide the produce, we can sell.
‘The problem is guaranteeing a con-
stant supply.”” Reuter



ZIMBABWE

ALARM OVER CONTINUING SECURITY COOPERATION WITH RSA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Oct 84 p 8

[Article by Michael Hartnack]

[Text]

AN ORGANISATION
calling itself “The
Friends of the Hunt-
ers and Hanekoms
Support Committee”
held a meeting here
Jast month-to express
solidarity with the ac-
cused in the South
African secrets trial,
which was then sub

piudice:

tives of the accused
claimed there was simply
no way national ice-
man Roland Hunter and
Andre Hanekom or his
wife, Patricia Hanekom,
could make known what
the South African Gov-
ernment was doing ex-
cept by acting in the way

in camera trial are

secret, 80 to reiterate the
accusations that were
made — both a; it the
accused and the South

African
would make it im] le
for this article to be pub-

lished.”
Moreover, it is not possible
to state whether South Af-
- rica’s bizarre security re-
Jationship with Zim-
babwe was mentioned at
the trial.

It has been mentioned in
many other places, al-
though remarkably few
details seem to be filter-
ing back to two groups of

ple most concerned —
e South African and
Zimbabwean le.

Since September 1, when
‘The Times of London car-
ried an initial’ report,
Zimbabwe's Minister of
State for Security, Mr
Emmerson Munangagwa,
has confirmed that at
least one military convoy
from South Africa, bound
for President Samora
Machel’s hard-pressed
troops in the northern
areas of Mozambique, has
been ‘allowed passage
through Zimbabwe.

It_entered Zimbabwe at
Beit Bridge and the
vehicles were handed
over to the Mozambican
army at Forbes border
post outside Mutare. They
contained tents and logis-
tical supplies, not actual
war munitions, he said.

|Mr Muni ‘a, WhO con-

trols Zimbabwe's Central
Intelligence Organisa-
tion, later told me secur-
ity co-operation was con-
tinuing despite renewed
fears that South Africa
was assisting Zapu dissi-
dents in tabeleland.

160

Recent “kills” appeared
to have equipment of late
South African origin, he

Mr Munangagwa said wea-
pons which dissidents ob-
ained through South
Africa came from Roma-
nia. Their original serial
numbers were erased and
false ones forged, making
them quite different from
the remnants dissidents
unearthed from old
caches left over from the
1972-80 Rhodesian bush
war.

Mr Munangagwa confirmed
‘that contacts between the
two countries took place
at their highest level in
May when Lieutenant
General PW van der
Westhuizen, head of mili-
tary intelligence of the
South African Defence
Force, visited Harare in
Plain. clothes for talks

with his opposite number
in the Zimbabwe national
army, Major General
Sheba Gava.

Prime Minister Mr Robert
Mugabe has vetoed the
holding of a political fo-

rum between ministers of

the two governments, but

Mr Munangagwa said

contacts place_rou-

tinely between local po-
lice and army command-



Of the Z$3,73 million extended by Sweden, an amount of Z$800 000 is
specifically for use by industry, and Switzerland extended a total of
Z$10 million in 1983. Z$2 million of that is allocated for 1984 and
Z$2 million for 1985.

The UK's contribution of Z$20 million is mainly in the form of a grant,
a small portion being a loan, and the USA's US$20 million is to be spread
over 1984 and 1985.

cso: 3400/96

164



"We accordingly wish to appeal to the Government to attach due weight to the
views of the relevant local authority when considering such an application."

~-Local authorities should to a greater extent become involved in security
and policing functions "without making inroads into the essential national
police services."

--Traffic functions should not be ¢entralised, but should remain the
responsibility of local authorities.

--Municipal functions could in some instances be performed more cheaply and
effectively by the private sector.

New Local Government on the Way

Local government under the new constitution will soon swing into gear with
the establishment of three Municipal Development Councils which will prepare
the way for the proposed Regional Services Councils.

This was announced by Mr Chris Heunis, Minister of Constitutional Development
and Planning, when he opened this year's congress of the Transvaal Municipal
Association at Rand Afrikaans University in Johannesburg last night.

On advice from the action committee of the Council for the Co-ordination of
Local Government Affairs, it was decided to form the three Municipal Develop-
ment Councils (MDCs) in the most densely populated parts of the country--
the Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging area, the Cape Peninsula and Durban,
Mr Heunis said.

The Administrators of the Transvaal, Cape Province and Natal will be asked
to help the Department of Constitutional Development and Planning to set up
the MDGs.:

The first three MDCs will form the testing ground for the establishment of
MDCs in other parts of the country later, Mr Heunis.

The MDCs and Regional Services Councils (RSCs)~-which will only be established
when the Regional Services Councils Bill is passed by parliament--will have
the task of maintaining and improving the quality of local government services.

While the RSCs will have executive decision-making powers with regard to
regional services and issues concerning a group of interdependent munici-
palities, the MDCs will be geared more towards giving expert advice to these
services councils.

The primary task of RSCs will be to control mass infrastructure services in
specific regions to enable greater efficiency at a lower cost, Mr Heunis
said. .

The MDCs will assist in the development of new local authorities such as the
RSCs in order to make them self-sufficient as soon as possible.

29



is rough and not heavily populated, therefore "not requiring large sums of |
compensation." The dam could also feature as a "great tourist attraction,
said the Observer, with fishing and poating. Roads, electricity, telephones,
schools and a hospital at Sanyati are well placed to serve it. The planners
of the project are seeking a meeting with the ministers of Water Resources
and Development, Agriculture and Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development
at the dam site. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 5 Oct 84

p 1]

TROOPS ESCORT FOOD CONVOYS--Paris--South African convoys of trucks with
food for Malawi are being escorted by Zimbabwe combat troops in armoured
vehicles, a French television network reported on Sunday. Convoys of 30
trucks making the 1 600 km trip from the Transvaal to Malawi are escorted
by a company of Zimbabwe troops in Rhodesian-made armoured transport
carriers. The French Antenne-2 Television network showed a documentary on
famine in Mozambique which recorded a convoy taking bags of rice, maize
and flour to Malawi. A smiling driver sitting in his cab whose door was
marked "Truck Africa" told a French interviewer: "This food is not for
this place Mozambique, it is all going up to Malawi." The "Truck Africa"
convoy sped along a dirt road heavily guarded by mobile Zimbabwe troops.
The French commentator, clearly surprised, said: "It is the first time I
have known foreign troops to be called in to guard a food convoy." Judging
by shots of undisciplined Frelimo troops and famine conditions of northern
Mozambique shown on the programme, it was clear from whom the food convoys
were being guarded. The film, made by French TV journalist Philip Rochot,
was shot in winter--after the Nkomati agreement. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 9 Oct 84 p 5]

STARVATION IN CIREDZI DISTRICT--Masvingo--Reports reaching here indicate
that more than 15 000 people are starving in the Sengwe communal lands

in the Chiredzi district which has been badly hit by the drought. Many
people there depended on Government handouts with the exception of about
300 people who were on the Manjinji Irrigation Scheme, the only one operat-
ing in the area. Drought relief recipients throughout many of the seven
districts in Masvingo did not receive their full allocation of drought
relief maize due to transport problems and the problem deteriorated in
August when only about half of the provincial allocation was delivered

to the district. A spokesman for the Department of Social Welfare said
here that the five lorries they need for delivering maize had no tyres and
were out of operation but five other lorries had been requested from Harare.
He hoped that the situation would improve after the lorries were brought
to Masvingo. He said the normal fleet should be about 12 lorries. A
Grain Marketing Board spokesman at Nandi Depot in Chiredzi said there had
been an order for 6 000 bags of maize to be collected from the depot and
distributed to the outlying rural areas until the end of September but only
500 bags had been collected. The order was cancelled on September 30,

he said.--Ziana [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 6 Oct 84 p 3]

cso: 3400/92 END

170



BOYCOTTS MEAN DET FACES OVERCROWDING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Oct 84 p 1M

[Article by Susan Pleming and Gary van Staden]

[Text]

cso:

‘The Department of Education and
Training has announced contingency
plans for extra pupils next January.

Large areas have been hit by student
unrest and class boycotts involving
more than 120000 pupils, and many
may have to repeat a year’s schooling.

This will place additional strains on
the Department of Education and
Training (DET), which has to accom-
modate at least 94000 matric ‘pupils
next year, excluding those who fail.

Last year there were 72 168 full-time
candidates for matric. Of these 39 824
achieved Standard 10 passes.

While the DET refused to speculate
on.whether pupils would have to ‘re-
peat a year, the chief of public rela-
tions at the DET, Mr Job Schoeman,
said contingency plans had been made.

He added that R133 million of the
1984/1985 budget of R709 257 000 had
been earmarked for building projects. ~

By the beginning of next year 3900

new classrooms would be
completed, for about
156 000 students.

In Atteridgeville where
six schools have been

3400/111

110

closed since May, Mr
Schoeman said the pupils
had been given permis-
sion to write matric
exams as private candi-

-dates in May next year.

While the DET has
made plans to treat the
effects of the boycotts, a
prominent educationist
has suggested treatment
of the causes.

Dr Franz Auerbach
said the boycotting stu-
dents and student leaders
did not seem to have any
particular aims.

He stressed the impor-

‘tance of communication
‘on all levels — between
-the ‘students, the police,

school authorities, Gov-

-ernment and black lead-
‘ers.
‘He appealed to the stu-

dent leaders to meet and
‘work out what their goals
were going to be.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

POLL REVEALS WHITE REACTION TO BLACK POLITICAL UNREST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 10

[Article by Gary Van Staden: "Unrest: Justice or Not?"]

{Text ]

THE UNREST which has
swept through several
Transvaal townships for the
past few weeks had it roots
in legitimate grievances,
but was exploited by agita-
tors who encouraged people
to go on the rampage, ac
cording to white residents
in the Johannesburg metro-
politian area.

A recent survey of white

opinion towards the township
unrest — conducted by The
Star’s Research Services —
who, however, did not identify
the newspaper during the inter-
view — showed that 68 percent
of the respondents believed the
urban black has reason for un-
happiness, but 81 percent felt
that “agitators” were responsi-
ble for the increasing violence.

Almost half were of the opin- _

ion that the Government was
justified in laying the blame
for this “agitation” at the door
of the African National Con-

The survey respondents, se-
lected at random by.a com-
puter-using the Johannesburg
telephone directory as a data
base, were almost equally di-
vided among men and women,
young and old and socio-eco-
nomic standing.

131

There were, however, far
more English than Afrikaans
speaking respondents (85 per-
, Cent to 15 percent) and findings
based on this variable should
be treated with some caution.

While 71 percent of English
speakers believed such legiti-
mate grievances exist, only 47
percent of Afrikaners support:
ed the view. ' :

The political party variable
produced similar differences.
Of the PFP supporters 82 per-
cent agreed, while the figure
for the Nationalist group was
‘only 51 percent,

On the issue of agitation,
however, the two language
groupings returned similar re-
sults. The figure for respon-
dents who agreed that “agita-
tors” were responsible for fuel-
ing the unrest was slightly
‘higher than 81 percent. .

Of the Afrikaans speakers, 84
percent agreed and were sup-

jorted by 82 percent of their
glish-speaking counterparts.

The lowest percentage of
agreement to the statement

ithat agitators “pushed” the

Townships into unrest was re-
turned by PFP supporters.

The largest gap between the
language and political party
variables became evident with
regard to black political rights.



SOUTH AFRICA

LIFTING OF FUEL LEVY WELCOMED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p 2M

[Article by Stuart Flitton and Harvey Thomas]

[Text] The abolition of the R5 levy on after-hours petrol sales has been
predictably welcomed by businessmen and the motoring industry--but with a

warning that there could be an increase in the price of petrol.

A spokesman for the Automobile Association said the announcement was good
news for road users facing increasing costs.

"A concerted effort should be made by all motorists to use fuel sparingly
because of the country's current economic situation," he said.

"The AA appeals to motorists to fill up during daylight, except in emergencies
because a major shift to night buying might result in an increase in the price
of petrol."

Till now, after-hours petrol sales made up one percent of total sales.

Mr Jannie van Huyssteen, executive director of the Motor Industries' Federa~
tion, said the levy was unpopular with motorists and fuel sellers.

He said fuel would now not necessarily be readily available everywhere--only
on main routes and at certain strategic points.

The chairman of the National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South
Africa (Naamsa), Mr Colin Adcock, welcomed the lifting of the levy.

Market Forces

"It is long overdue," he said. "It will disappoint some garage owners,
especially those sited on routes to and from the homelands."

The chief executive of the Association of Chambers of Commerce (Assocom),

Mr Raymond Parsons, said circumstances had changed considerably since
restrictions on petrol selling hours were introduced.

53



HEUNIS:

SOUTH AFRICA

REGIONAL COUNCILS LIKELY NEXT YEAR

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Oct 84 p 5

[Article by Sue Leeman]

[Text]

Cso:

‘The Administrators of the
four provinces are preparing
to investigate the establish-
ment of regional service
councils,

These new councils are ex-
pected to provide certain ser-
vices to white, coloured and In-
dian communities within specif-
ic regions,

There has been speculation
that, in assuming certain func-
tions of the present provincial
administrations, they will even-
tually replace the traditional
second-tier of government.

In Pretoria yesterday, the
Minister of Constitutional De-
velopment and Planning, Mr
Chris Heunis, indicated that the
councils would probably come
into being next year. He said
that all elections for white, col-
oured and Indian local authori-
ties would be held simultaneous-
ly with this event.

This meant that the elections
for coloured ‘and Indian man-
agement committees and those
for local affairs committees
would be postponed.

Mr Heunis said that the first
four regional councils would be
‘established in the PWV area,
Durban/Pinetown, .Port Eliza-

3400/111

107

beth/Uitenhage and in the Cape
Peninsula.

In the meantime the Adminis-
trators and provincial executive
committees would continue to
fulfil the local government func-
tions, currently the responsibili-
-ty of the provinces.

But they would now be in
close consultation with the
three Ministers responsible for
own local government affairs.

All provincial ordinances re-
lating to local government mat-
ters would have to be submitted
to the Co-ordinating Council for
Local Government Affairs, Mr
Heunis said.

This council would continue
liaising with management and
‘local affairs committees.

A spokesman for Mr Heunis’s
department denied that regional
service founells were designed
eventual! replace vincial
administrations. Pro

“There will still be services —
roads, nature conservation and
‘some health services —, which
will have to be provided on
wider scale,” he said.

Regional councils would rep-
resent “a horizontal extension of
local government” with all the
powers of a local authority but
with a wider jurisdiction.



SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SCHOOLS TO GET STUDENT COUNCILS NEXT YEAR
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Oct 84 pp 1, 12
[Article by Thelma Tuch]

[Text] The Government yesterday announced that Student Representative
Councils (SRCs) would be introduced at all black secondary schools next year.

The announcement follows a year of countrywide boycotts which continued
yesterday when an estimated 220 000 pupils failed to turn up for classes.

The move was announced by the Minister of Education and Training, Dr Gerrit
Viljoen and is seen as a last-ditch attempt to encourage pupils to return
to school before the end-of-year examinations.

“One of the main criticisms during times of unrest has revolved around the
question of SRCs," Dr Viljoen said.

"I sincerely hope that what is being offered here will contribute towards
removing one of the main obstacles and that students will make use of what
is available," he said.

But he stressed that the SRCs would be strictly educational bodies. "I am
adamant that we will not allow anyone to interfere and use them for ulterior
political purposes," he said.

Asked whether students could be affiliated to organisations such as the
Congress of South African Students (Cosas) or the Azanian Students Movement
(Azasm), he said there were "no rigid rules," but he would not allow them
to be used to further interests other than education. .

Parents and pupils in a number of strife-torn townships will discuss the
education crisis at meetings today.

But whether pupils will return to school or not remains uncertain. Pupils

have also demanded the scrapping of the age-limit regulation and an end to
excessive corporal punishment. .

71



with MNR leaders were
published, a Defence Force
spokesman said he had left the
Defence Force and nobody
knew where he was.

Since then the whereabouts
of Adriano Bomba and his
brother Boaventura have
remained a mystery.

But analysts agree that it
was after Zimbabwe's
independence, when the rebels
were forced to abandon their
rear bases there that an
attempt was made to give the
movement some sort of
credibility by
“Mozambicanising” the
leadership and giving it some
sort of structure.

Attempts were made
overseas to recruit several
known Mozambican exiles.

Most declined because of the
movement’s alleged links with
South Africa; others such as
Famuel Malhuza, who had been
a member of the defunct
anti-Portuguese Coremo
movement, accepted.

Mr Malhuza, who was named
as external relations secretary,
is now reported to have left the

‘movement.

Of the movement's president
and “supreme commander”,

3400/96

23

Afonso Dhiakama, a little is
known.

He was educated at a
mission school in Zobue, Tete
province, and later studied in
Beira’s commercial school.

He deserted from the
Portuguese army and joined

limo.

Shortly after Mozambique's
independence he deserted from

- -Frelimo to Rhodesia together

with the MNR’s first leader,
Mr Andre Matsangaiza, who
was killed by Mozambican
forces in 1979.

In/June 1982 the magazine

| Africa Defence Journal,

reported that Mr Dhlakama
had been made a colonel in the
South African Army. He had
been given the rank at a
ceremony at a secret MNR
base, the magazine said.

But sources close to the
movement say that Mr
Dhlakama’s political
knowledge and ability to
negotiate is small. .

“To put it bluntly, he is
naive. The man behind the
negotiations and who can
Negotiate skilfully is Mr Evo
Fernandes,” the sources said.

Fernandes is from Beira
in!central Mozambique and has
been in Portugal since
‘Mozambique's independence.



cso:

The Finance Minister, nursing a cold he
picked up on his visit to Washington earlier
in the week, made a strong impression on
the congress.

He made it clear he was not going to run
the country’s finances like his predeces-
sors.

There would be no borrowing or printing
of money to finance bust budgets of Gov-
ernment departments.

The Cabinet was ‘totally committed to
keeping State spending to an absolute min-
imum and from next year he intended
sticking to the Government’s budget, he
said.

This-was-reassuring for delegates, many
of whom are prominent businessmen and
farmers, because the Government has been
over-spending on its budget for years.

Economics and social welfare may have
dominated Congress 84, but there was.
something else which was a characteristic
of this year’s event — and that because it
was not talked about, «.

Indeed‘most delegates might have been
on another planet, so remote was the sub-
ject to them.. :

The black newspapers on sale outside
the congress hall were full of the umen-
tioned subject — “fire and death” was one

3400/111

89

banner headline over an article about on-
going unrest, violence, petrol bombings
and misery only.a short distance away.

It seemed strange that the 1200 men and
women saw fit not to raise this.

After all, in the final analysis these peo-
ple of the National Party in the Transvaal
are those that govern the country.

The Minister of Law and Order, Mr
Louis le Grange, made a lengthy speech on
the security situation, in which he detailed
the extent of the threat against South Afri-
ca.

Party officials said at a cocktail party
for the media that it was not that the NP
was unconcerned.

“These things are raised and discussed
in committee. I assure you tough questions
are asked behind closed doors,” said one.

That may be so, but would not a public
demonstration of concern by the country’s
most powerful provincial political con-
gress have given more substance to these
remarks made by the Minister of Constitu-
tional Development, Mr Chris Heunis, also
at the congress: “The National Party does
not practice politics merely to win and-
keep power for itself. Its activities are
aimed at a greater goal, namely the wel-
fare, the safety and the freedom of all in
South Africa.”



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

ZAMBIA TO EXPORT ELECTRICITY--Zambia will soon start exporting electricity
to Botswana from the Kariba hydro-electric power station, Botswana High
Commissioner to Zambia, Mr Edward Kutter Rosebotsa, said in Lusaka yesterday.
Speaking in an interview, Mr Rosebotsa said this was one of the agreements
of the Zambia/Botswana Joint Permanent Commission meeting held recently.
"The electricity will be supplied to the northern part of Botswana but
negotiations over the implementations of the project are still going on," '
he said. Mr Rosebotsa also said that another joint permanent commission on
co-operation met in Gaborone, the Botswana capital recently at which various
aspects of co-operation in trade and cultural: activities were discussed.

fle said the two countries agreed to increase the flow of trade between them
and to exchange students to study at various institutions. "So far, there
are about 10 students from Botswana who are studying in Zambia in the fields
of co-operatives and insurance," he said. He added that the Botswana govern-
ment:will also send more students from the Information Ministry for a. course
at the Zambia Institute of Mass Communications. [Excerpt] [Lusaka ZAMBIA
DAILY MAIL in English 1 Oct 84 p 1) :

ANC GUERRILLAS CHARGED--Gaborone--Three ANC guerillas who fled into Botswana
after clashing with South African security forces in the Northern Transvaal
last month have been charged with the illegal possession of arms of war.
The trial of the three men, Mr Roney Mahlangu, Mr Christoper Machaba and
Mr Lucky Setlhare, all aged 25, will begin tomorrow in the Francistown-
Magistrate's Court. The Botswana Guardian newspaper reported that the
charge carries a minimum penalty of five year's jail with no option of a
fine. All have pleaded not guilty. According to the charge sheet the men
were arrested on August 5 at a cattle post near the South Africa-Botswana
border. They were allegedly armed. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 2 Oct 84 p 6] “ .

cso: 3400/96



And in the Vaal Triangle where 93 000 pupils are still on stayaway, demands
include the release of detained scholars, the resignation of community
councillors and a drop in rents.

Mr Viljoen also announced that the six Atteridgeville/Saulsville secondary
schools--closed in May this year--would be reopened tomorrow, and that extra
lessons would be provided.

Internal examinations for pupils in Standards 6-9 have been postponed to
January, and Standard 10 pupils have the option of writing exams in November
1984 or in May next year as private candidates.

However, the indefinite suspension of classes at schools in Tembisa,
Alexandra, Parys, Fort Beaufort and King William's Town has not been lifted.

Dr Viljoen said the new communication structures included the democratic
election of class leaders, SRCs and School Liaison Committees.

The constitutions, nomination and election procedures for the new SRCs
have been laid down, but there would be room for further discussion once the
different bodies had been set up, the Minister said.

The publicity secretary for Azasm, Mr Kabelo Lengane, welcomed Mr Viljoen's
announcement "at face value," but said students would continue to demand
the abolition of the age-limit restriction and the immediate withdrawal of
the police and army from the townships.

The president of Cosas, Mr Lulu Johnson, said he rejected the fact that
students were not entitled to draw up their own SRC constitution. He said
he could not comment further until he had read the detailed guidelines for
SRC constitutions.

Professor Nic Olivier, Progressive Federal Party spokesman for black educa~
tion, welcomed the news, but warned that several "major problems" had still
to be tackled before the crisis in black education could be resolved.

These included:

--The high proportion of untrained. or under-trained black teachers;
--The serious lack of facilities, classrooms and equipment;

--The very high pupil-teacher ratio;

--The new age limits, which were a critical issue among scholars.

He said the decision to introduce SRCs had not come about in response to
the current crisis in black education, but had been taken some months ago.

--At a meeting in KwaThema yesterday speaker after speaker condemned the

age limit restriction. The meeting was attended by the mayor and the
chairman of the management committee.

72



SOUTH AFRICA

'SHRUNKEN' NRP PLAGUED BY PROBLEMS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 24

[Text]

‘THERE is stil] no end in sight to
the death agonies of the New Re-
public Party — the party that can
now count its MPs on the fingers of:
one hand.

“The party is in some disarray
but we still have. considerable sup-
port in Natal,” says Mr Derrick
‘Watterson (NRP Umbilo).

‘Mr Watterson .is the party’s new.
Natal leader after replacing Mr Ron
Miller, one of three MPs who defect-
ed to the National Party.

‘And Mr Vause Raw, who.has less
than a month left in office until he
stands down as NRP leader, is still
talking of new policy initiatives.

He says the party has now
“cleared the decks” and is in a
stronger position without-the three
defectors. Me

Mr Bill Sutton, the NRP man on
the President’s Council, is taking his
impendin, leadership position
seriously. He is reluctant to say any-
thing premature in case it spoils
his chances. .

Mr Sutton is also loath to con-
demn the three defectors. For it was.
by their willingness to delay their
departure until after the election of
the President’s Council that Mr Sut-
ton received his seat. _

78

_ All five remaining MPs declare
themselves determined to remain in
the NRP for the foreseeable future.
But the Progressive Federal Party
has high hopes of wooing Mr Pat
Rogers (NRP King William’s Town),
the party’s Cape leader, and Mr
Ralph Hardingham (NRP Mooi
River).

Exhaustive interviews with the
five gave no clue of what they plan
if their party finally dies.

‘And thanks to the Government de-
cision to add three years to the life
of the white House of Assembly,
they may have until 1989 to decide.

Only the provincial congresses of
the partyscan determine its destiny,
and until they decide to throw in the
towel, the MPs intend to soldier on.

‘Mr Rogers left the PFP in 1980 te

cause it did not give full weight to
group rights and differentiation.

Mr Hardingham, like Mr Rogers,
is a gentleman farmer and has long
been a pillar of the agricultural
community of Himeville. He too
first went to Parliament in 1981. |


Nine Countries Fill Allocation Gap Through CIPS
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Sep 84)...sssecesecccscceccecees

Medical Aid Societies May Soon Pay Witchdoctors
(Samuel Marisa; THE STAR, 11 Oct 84).....seseeseenccseeeeee

Bumper Cotton Crop Reported
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 5 Oct 84)...cececcesecccesccnsccece

Briefs
Civil Defense Body Formed
Supplies Ministry Owed Millions
Huge Umniati Dam for Midlands
Troops Escort Food Convoys
Starvation in Ciredzi District

163

165

167

169
169
169
170
170



Colgate shampoo at the
Voortrekkerhoogte SADFI
costs 85c, Pick ’n Pay asks
99c and SADFI in Oshakati
R170.

A packet of Gillette Con-
tour razor blades costs R1,92
at the SADFI in Voortrek-
kerhoogte, R1,75 at Pick ‘2
Pay and R2,27 at the SADFI
in Oshakati.

The SADF institute is the
supplier for the SADF in the
operational area. However,
soldiers’ shops sometimes
run out of stock of popular
items, and are forced to buy
from local wholesalers at
higher prices.

Soldiers’ shops in the oper-
ational area are not exempt
from sales tax. Sales tax
South West Africa is 9%, as
‘opposed to the 10% in South
Africa.

The statement that con-
sumer goods are transported
at State expense is only par-
tially true: consumer goods
destined for soldiers’ shops
in the operational area are
transported at State expense
from Grootfontein only.

Soldiers’ shops and can-
teens in the operational area
also have overheads. Apart
from the payment of fees to
shop assistants, auditors’

cso: 3400/111

fees also have to be paid.
Auditors, who travel from
Windhoek or Pretoria and
have to cover vast distances,
generally charge more than
‘their colleagues in South
Africa.

Soldiers’ shops also have
to pay for display racks, cash
registers, stationary, etc,
and it is for this reason that
shops and canteens are al-
lowed a maximum profit
margin of 20%.

‘The average profit made
by units in the operational
area is, however 15%. One
eannot compare a large con-
cern like Pick 'n Pay, with its
massive turnover, with the
smalt soldiers’ shops and
canteens in the operational
area. The latter's aim is sole-
ly to provide facilities for
soldiers to purchase articles
such as cigarettes, cool-
drinks, beer, razor blades,
toiletries or souvenirs.

‘The allegation that items
such as milk, condensed
milk, bread, cheese, toma-
toes, etc, are taken from
Government supplies and
sold again es hamburgers or
bot dogs is not true.

The army’s system of ra-
tion control does not permit
such irregularities, and any
soldier knowing of such
cases is invited to report

106

them directly to the Chief of
the Army.

‘A spot check regarding T-
shirts show Briees range
from RA and R8, dependin;
on motif and the number of
eolours used. At Oshakati,
the cheapest T-shirt costs R6
and the most expensive R9.

‘The charge that cigarettes
can only be bought in bulk
was also investigated, but
could not be substantiated. It
is suggested that the writers
take up the matter with thelr
commanding officer.

Profits made by soldiers’
shops, canteens and regi-
mental funds are used in a
variety of ways, including
the hiring or purchase of
television systems, the hiring
of video cassettes, the grant-
ing of loans to individual sol-
diers, assistance in welfare
cases and improvement of
recrestion facilities.

Operational danger allow-
‘ances are taxable like any

‘other income.

Finally, it is again empha-
sised that the SA army con-
siders all its members, whe-
ther in the permanent force,
citizen force or commandos,
as its most valuable asset
and it considers the good mo-
rale of its soldiers as a pri-
mary concern.



Other critics claimed that I produced the survey in great haste at the behest
of the Reagan and/or Botha Governments in order to counter evidence at
congressional hearings on sanctions in Washington.

This is absurd. The study originated in 1979 with a preliminary study in
Durban. Years passed before the funding was eventually obtained for a more
comprehensive study in June of 1983.

The research thereafter was very carefully done. The effort was time-
consuming involving personal interviews by experienced black interviewers
lasting 110 minutes on average.

The study is one of an ongoing series of investigations by Indicator SA and
had nothing to do with any schedule in Washington.

The US State Department, which provided most of the funding, is simply one
of the large number of subscribers to Indicator SA reports and research.

One of the more sophisticsated criticisms came from the Rev David Haslam of
the "End Bank Loans to SA" Organisation. He understood that black workers
would want to protect their own jobs and was not surprised by the findings.

He went on to say, however, that industrial workers were the "fortunate
few" in South Africa and that his organisation was asking that the "minority"
should suffer hardship for the longer term greater good.

Mr Haslam may have his theovy well worked out but his facts are simply wrong.

Industrial workers in South Africa are not a small privileged minority.
Unemployment may be serious, put modern sector non-agricultural employment
is roughly 42 percent of the total black population of both sexes between
the ages of 15 and 64 yéars, by no means all of whom are available for the
labour market.

Not even the-most liberal estimate of black unemployment has ever put the
total figure at much over 30 percent.

Besides which, the black workers employed in industry have a large dependency
burden, supporting many relatives outside of their immediate families.

Mr Haslam's organisation is aimed at limiting the growth of and confidence
in an economy upon which a majority of black people in South Africa are
dependent for survival and quality of life.

The disinvestment campaign, if successful to the degree that the sanctions
lobbies want, could directly affect South Africa's economic growth rate by
one half a percent a year in the long run and by substantially more if it
undermines economic confidence and access to overseas expertise.

76



GOVERNMENT APPROPRIATION OF FUND ANGERS WHEAT FARMERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 84 p 4M

[Article by Hannes Ferguson]

[Text]

cso:

3400/111

Wheat farmers have
reacted furiously to the
Goverment’s decision to
take R40 million from the
Wheat. Board’s reserve
fund to cover the over-
spending of bread subsi-

dies.

The Minister of Agri-
culture, Mr Greyling
Wentzel, said last week
he would “draw” half of
the board’s R80 million
reserve fund to help plug
a R60 million shortfall in
the Goverment’s bread
: subsidy fund.

In -March this year
R120 million had been
budgeted for the bread
subsidy, of which only
R30 million was left.

But the reserve fund
belonged to the farmers,
said Mr Jan Schutte,
chairman of the Free
State Wheat Committee.

The fund had been built
up by a levy on wheat
bran used as cattle feed
by farmers in all parts of
the country. .

HARDSHIP .
The — fund's specific

function, enshrined in the

102

Marketing Act, was to
help wheat producers in
times of hardship. /

With the imminent
threat of a failed Free
State wheat crop, after a
total loss of the maize
crop, farmers could not
afford to throw away
‘their lifeline.

The announced wheat
price increase had been
only half the increase in
production cost, and if in
addition the bread sub-
sidy was to come out of
the drought-stricken
farmer’s pocket, the Free
State Agricultural Union
had to press hard for abo-
Jition of the subsidy, Mr
Schutte said.:

Indications are that he
receives widespread sup-
port; but his ‘Transvaal
colleague on the four-
man National Winter Ce-
real Committee, Mr Gert
Schoonbee, felt other-

wise.)

The: R40 million with-
‘drawal would be the
ywheat farmer’s contribu-
‘tion to keeping the con-
«sumer price index low, he
said.

SOUTH AFRICA



TCI LEADER CALLS FOR FIRING 'BIG SPENDERS'

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 5 Oct 84 p 8M

{Article by Frank Jeans]

[Text]

Sack the big spenders in Gov-
ernment departments and re-
place them with “competent and
responsible people”, was the call
from the president of the Trans-
vaal Chamber of Industries, Mr
JB Annegarn, at the AGM in Jo-
hanesburg last night.

While applauding the consum-,
er freeze and Government
moves to curb expenditure, he
said the authorities should not
only look at cutting or delaying
capex but should, as industrial-

ists have to, look at numbers

employed, amount of paper used
and frequency of travel, etc.

During the past decade, Gov-
ernment spending had risen
from 16 percent of GDP to near-
ly 30 percent, while industrial-
ists are seriously cutting
costs.“Price cutting is becoming
the order of the day as the fight
for survival intensifies.”

Of State spending, he said: “So
far this year, the expenditure
budget has been exceeded by

cso: 3400/111

87

‘about 18 percent. At this stage it
does not help for the Treasury
not'to sign the cheques.

“T advocate that those individ-
‘uals who sign the orders and
allow their departments to ex-
ceed budgets should be fired and
replaced by competent and re-
sponsible persons.”

While praising the Prime
.Minister for his efforts to bring
about accord with black states, .
Mr Annegarn said: “Regretta-
bly, the same compliments can
not be paid to most of his Cabi-
net colleagues and the recent
unrest is probably the best proof
of that.

“In spite of private sector
representations and in spite of
the Riekert Report, the Cilliers
Commission Report and the De
Lange Report, no real attention
has been given to the basic
grievances of the black people
in urban areas.”



MORE FORCED REMOVALS THREATEN NE CAPE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Oct 84 p 9

[Article by Anton Harber]

[Text]

THE fate of the more
than 14 000 residents of
Huhudi, a townshi

the North-Eas' ern
Cape under threat of
forced removal, will be
decided at a meeting in
Pretoria next Monday.

‘The outcome could pro-
-vide-a test.of the Govern-
ment’s resolve to push
ahead with plans for forced
removal in the face. of

local resistance and
‘the likelihood of an interna-
tional outery. .

Huhudi is an unusual re-

1 activit ity,
a notable Contrast to most
of the more rural areas un-
der threat of removal.

“In 1970, the Government

announced that Huhudi
residents would have to
move to Pudimoe, ie town
§5km away in jutha-
a tevana, The move was rer
re a general strategy to
move whole “locations” in
white areas into new rural
‘townships on or near fhe
borders of the “homelands”

The effect for the e
of mn it “aly be to turn
them ly ants,
doing a Gras border
trip of Rid eve =
day to work in V1

55

It would also mean the

Joss of th of their South African

and the Section

fouene! at allow them to

live and work in an urban
area.

The Northern Cape
Administration Board put a
freeze.-on--the building -of
new houses and warned
residents that would
not be compensated for any
renovations or improve-
ments done to their

The result was that no
houses have been built by
1861 there was reportedly &

‘was
backlog of 1000 houses’ in
Bubudi

bination of ition from
both the commny and the

of Vryburg.

In, 1980, 1000 residents
petit opposing ese

e re-

moval and sent it to Dr Piet
Koornhof, Minister of

Co-Operation and Develop-
ment

In 1982, a delegation from
from the ne Ch Chamber

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE ACCUSED OF TRYING TO SPY ON SACC

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Oct 84 p2
{Article by Eugene Saldanha]

[Text] Security Police have in the past two months asked four employees
of the South African Council of Churches to spy on council activities at
its Khotso House offices in Johannesburg.

This allegation was made yesterday by the acting general secretary of the
SACC, Mr Dan Vaughn, who said the council was aware that the Security Police
had been trying to "infiltrate" the SACC for a number of years.

"In the past two months four staff members have been approached by the police.
The latest approach was made to a junior staff member," he said.

The Star was given a copy of a statement made to an SACC lawyer by the staff
member, who has asked to remain anonymous.

It said: "I received a telephone call from a man who said his name was
Charles. He said that he wanted to speak to me about a personal matter.
He suggested we meet at city hotel.

Payment Offer

"He telephoned again the next day and I agreed to meet him, but I took a
friendalong. -. Twomen.later..approached.us and. asked me to-work-for- the-South
African Police. They offered me a down payment of R150," the statement said.

The council employee met the men a day later and asked them to identify
themselves.

"One of the men produced a card which look like an SAP identification card
and said his name was Wynand Snyman," the statement said.

Mr Vaughn, who is acting general secretary of the SACC while Bishop Desmond

Tutu is on sabbatical in New York, said he was "angered" by the alleged
attempts to spy on the council.

51



GUINEA

NEW DIAMOND DEPOSIT, POTENTIAL DISCUSSED
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Sep 84 p 22

[Text] The demand for diamonds is rising:in keeping with world population
increases--and major discoveries of new diamond fields are becoming increas-
ingly rare.

So diamond circles abroad are most interested in reports of a major new
diamond find in Guinea said to contain six known kimberlite pipes and poten-
tially rich alluvial diamonds.

The deposit was announced by the major foreign partner in the Aredor diamond
project in Guinea and is reported to be outside the main project area.

Mr Robert Strauss, chairman of Australia's Bridge Oil, was quoted by the
Africa Economic Digest last week as saying that the kimberlite pipes and
alluvials are believed to contain not less than 2,5 million carats of
diamonds.

Proven reserves in the existing project area are around 2,1 million carats
and the first batch of between 20 000 to 30 000 carats are expected to be
sold later this month or in October.

The new find covers an area of 300 square kilometres and is less than two
kilometres away from the existing Aredor washery. A first section of 68
square kilometres, containing the kimberlite pipes, should be in production
by April next year with the remaining area being worked from January 1986.

The report said its exploitation will not involve any major new investment
apart from building a new road from the deposit to the washery which is
already being expanded.

Early production problems in the main diamond area had cut recovery rates
below estimates but the AED said this was more than offset by better quality
diamonds now being found. Gem quality forms ninety-five percent of output
with the rest boart, and of the gem diamonds 62% are reported to be of first
quality with average size between 1-1,2 carats as against the 0,57 carats
estimated in original feasibility studies. :

Diamonds of three carats or more are reported to make up one-third of out-
put and, with some in excess of 20 carats, the AED said the average value
of the stones could be well above the amounts estimated in the feasibility
study.

cso: 3400/89 13.



"Tr don't think they took us seriously over the last 18 months," he says.
The chamber was "just going through the motions" until a strike was threatened.
“only then was a reasonable offer forthcoming."

Mr Ramaphosa points out that it would be impossible for South African miners
to undertake a protracted strike such as that in Britain. "Here the employer
has the right to fire workers, whereas in Britain after 30 weeks the miners
have not been fired.”

This was one of the risks in calling the strike in South Africa. But he
also had a card to play: mass firing would have meant a recruitment process
that could have cost the mines up to a month of lost production.

Mr Ramaphosa does not rule out the possibility of ‘sympathy’ strikes by NUM
members with other striking unions. "By its very existence, a union can
never shy away from politics. A worker's existence is of a political nature,"

he says.

He points to influx control laws controlling a worker's mobility in a
"supposedly open market," inferior black education and the homeland system

which deprives people of citizenship rights.

But the thousands of migrant workers, far from being the Achilles heel of
the NUM, are its strength, he says. "They have nothing to lose. They don't
have much stake in this country."

But Mr Ramaphosa realises that his legal, disciplined approach must achieve
results, or the more militant miners might take things into their own hands.
This was one reason why he was disappointed that some mines called in the
police during strikes--this negated ‘the purpose of operating legally.

"My members asked themselves if it was worth it to play above board, because
the police acted just as if it had been an illegal strike."

He believes unions are inevitably vehicles that blacks will turn to for
political, social and economic change," because their legitimate political
participation is denied."

cso: 3400/111

42



states it is a reasonably benign prospect but it does have a price: recog-
nition that South Africa's economic dominance is as formidable and as
inescapable as its military strength.

The catch is that acceptance of South African economic dominance leads
ineluctably to acceptance of a political relationship with a state which
the rest of the world is trying to isolate and, by sanctions and pressure,
ultimately to destroy. But the alternative is worse: to languish indefi-
nitely in the misery that has overtaken Mozambique.

For South Africa, all this emphasises that the principal instrument of its
security is not its army but its economy and that the proper management of
that economy is a minimum requirement of survival.

cso: 3400/111

46



However external companies must become more meaningfully involved in the
change process in South Africa.

The disinvestment campaign must capitalise on its gains and seek new avenues
of influence. It must at the same time avoid the looming danger of over-
reaching itself and doing more harm than good.

Two weeks ago the Sunday Times published the results of my survey of the
attitudes of black industrial workers to capitalism and the disinvestment
campaign.

The results showed that a clear majority of these industrial workers at
this stage opposed any programme which could restrict the growth of job-
creation in South Africa.

Furthermore most of the roughly one quarter of workers who supported
economic pressure on South Africa wanted the pressure to be translated into
more effective codes of employment practice rather than complete disin-
vestment.

Reactions to this survey have been predictable.

Some disinvestment campaigners reacted with dilsbelief, because they have been
told by numbers of spokespeople for the black community that most blacks want
sanctions--whatever the cost.

The findings come as no surprise to more informed observers, however. South
Africa is a labour-surplus economy with a chronic problem of structural
unemployment.

The black industrial worker is painfully aware of this when his grown-up
children and dependent relatives struggle for years to find work.

The black industrial worker is a deeply discontented and aggrieved person
who is becoming more and more radicalised by his circumstances, particularly
in the township situation.

But he knows that a job in a modern factory is one of his very few opportu-
nities to achieve some semblance of a quality of life for himself and his
family.

It is a tangible and increasingly scarce benefit which he cannot afford to
_trade for. uncertain longer~run possibilities of socio-political reform.

His or her migrant worker colleagues tell him furthermore that jobs are even
more scarce in liberated neighbouring countries like Botswana, Lesotho,
Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

This indicates once again that the disinvestment strategy has become fixated

in its own momentum and rationale, quite independent of realities in South
Africa.

75



Appreciate

Its contribution was of a cultural nature inasmuch as the church itself
created separate churches for the various national groups. This contributed
to the formation of a social model.

From the start of the century up to 1974 the Dutch Reformed Church

justified apartheid on a theological basis. It was all a part of a
situation in which the church wanted to be accountable for all pronouncements
and actions based on the scriptures and it is this sort of reasoning that
one must appreciate.

At that time the church was beginning to make pronouncements of principle
with regard to the existence of different groups of people inthe Bible.
The existence of different peoples was presented as a part of God's will
and therefore interpreted as an order for the preservation of identity.

Since 1974 the church has been putting the emphasis on the unity of
humanity and of the church and also on the biblical requirement of
justice and reconciliation.

Professor Verhoef says that he is sure that RAS, VOLK-en NASIE still
contains elements of apartheid ideology; but then one must bear in mind
that such elements play a minimal role in the entire essence of policy;
moreover, the existence of different people, as premised in the scriptures
and as a matter of reality, is something which must be taken into account.

Hesitant

Since then there have been considerable developments in church thinking
and it is certain that things are on the move. The very point of
eriticism against international ecumenical bodies and the Dutch Reformed
Missionary Church is the fact that they do not have a sufficient under-
standing of this process.

The situation now is that the Western Cape Synod is disassociating itself
from any effort at presenting apartheid, or separate development, as

a biblical directive. The church is hesitant about stretching its
testimony like it has done in the past.

There is also a realization of the necessity of consulting with the
younger sister churches in these matters. :

The emphasis is falling rather on the positive requirements of the
Scripture, such as justice and reconciliation.

The points now being emphasized. by the Dutch Reformed Church are in

agreement with the points of view expressed in the Missionary Church's
Belhar Creed.

137



The pupil must be taught
to accept the white view-
int of historical facts, like
it or not. The principal is
aware that his teachers are
not properly qualified to
:offer the subjects the
teach, but he has to work
with the principle that “half
a loaf is better than nothing
at all”... even though this
means utter frustration and
dissatisfaction on the part
of the pupil.

The list could go on and
on. Pupils think they can
change the situation by hav-
ing a say ... but the poor
principal knows only too
well that this is a hopeless
dream.

@ White teachers: How
many readers react nega-
tively to black pupils 6
ing white teachers? Usual-
Jy, they would be better
qualified because they had
‘a better deal than their
black counterparts.

"What pupils are opposed
is not the colour (as ‘Eis too
often implied) but the atti-

tude such teachers have.

Some will refuse to mix
dn a staffroom with their
‘black counterparts. Others
will have this superior pa-
ternalistic “know-it-all” at-
titede that makes it impos-
sible for a student to relate
meaningfully to them.

Others are there simply
because they hope to have a
petter deal financially but
will not involve themselves
in any way with the stu-
dents.

Many others never bother
to visit or understand the
cultural, personal and
family background of their
students. They do their job
and go immediately the bell
has rung.

@ Homelands: Man) pupils
realise that their brothers

cso: 3400/111

and sisters in the home-
lands have a raw deal in
‘comparison to them.

1 know of a matric class
ina homeland that has over
80 pupils in one classroom.
How do you expect a teach-
er to give an essay to such a
group when he already
overloaded with lessons?

I know of many schools
that do not have laborato-
ries and libraries: students
are told that a certain ex-
periment produces such and
such reaction, but never
have the opportunity to see

it.

Many schools do not have
furniture or adequate
accommodation, They re-
volt against this injustice.

Full of idealism in their
teenage years, they want all
to have the same deal, not
only those in Soweto and
tnearby because they ha
pene to have drawn the

first page of the world’s
newspapers to them in 1976.

The Department of Edu-
cation and Training clever-
ly hides behind the fact that
each homeland has its own
Department of Education
and that they therefore can-
not interfere. _

‘They do not say, however,
that these very depart-
ments are their own crea~
tion and that they would not
manage to give the same
deal in the homeland
schools as they try to give in
the white areas’ schools.
© White leadership: All edu-
cation. circuits in white
areas are led by white in-
spectors assisted by black
inspectors of education who
are as powerless as the
principals.

‘The whole leadership at

head office is white as well, :
starting from the Minister, ;
‘birector General, to .

to the e
the Chief Education Plan-
ners, with a sprinkling of
black faces with little
power.

130

The vel aternalistic
“know-it-all attitude”, en-
forcing the policy of Bantu
Education remains, even
though this is denied at very
high levels. Even the job of
R lic relations officer has

be entrusted to a white
man, Mr Job Schoeman.

As a matter of interest
similar to the SABC, check
how many of the tops at
Education and Training are
not Afrikaans ...

Yet, pupils hate every-
thing that'is Afrikaans be-
cause everything bad hap-
pens to them in ‘Afrikaans:
police questioning, check-

ig of reference books, etc.
How we expect our popils to
relate to such is a great
mystery to me.

The boycotts are just
starting. Pupils are desper-
ate, dissatisfied, unhappy.
They feel betrayed. This is
what they try to say by re-
fusing to go to school.

Let us please stop finding
excuses and putting the
blame on them. Let us rath-
er have a good hard look at
the whole system.

Let us stop the separate
education departments that
we have in this country
{some 14 of them!).

Let us look at the atti-

“tudes that prevail at the top.

Let us forbid non-teact
ing officials to write their
own text-books and anyone
at head office for that mat-

r.

Instead let us read be-
tween the lines what pupils
are telling us and thus avoid
another 1976.

If you remember, 1976
started with a little discon-
tent that grew and grew and

grew...

Today we are frank
enough fo admit that it took
25 years to build up Bantu
Education and that it will
take another 50 at least to
dismantle it.



catch fish from the lake in his enter-
tainment complex — when he was
through with him, he was a very dead
fisherman. Since December 31, 1981,
when he became a member of the inner
circle of the ruling group, the last
victim was said to be his seventh. Fit-
Lt. Lee had a definite tendency to
administer instant and very final jus-
tice to any and all whom he considered
to have infringed any rules of the
revolution.

Many cynics have said that it was the
identity of the person Fit-Lt. Lee killed
this last time which led to the fact that
his friend Chairman Rawlings was left
with no choice but to finally take
action, against him, The man, the
cynics say, was a member of the other
ranks of the Armed Forces, the one
group that Fit-Lt. Rawlings cannot
afford to ignore because he relies on
their support to stay in power. Even
more uncharitable people have stated
that the victim was an Ewe, a member
of Fit-Lt. Rawlings tribe and tremen-
dous pressure was thus on the chair-
man.

The people of Labadi where the
victim lived with his twin brother had
been particularly outraged by the
murder and were said to be threatening
dire reprisals should Fit-Lt. Lee not be
made to pay the ultimate penalty.

It is possibly relevant to point out
that if Fit-Lt. Rawlings had not
decided that membership of the Ghana

Armed Forces depended on his per-
sonal say-so, it is most unlikely that
Fit-Lt. Lee’ would have had the
opportunity to put how many sub-
machine guns in his car and be driving
around Accra, let alone feel entitled to
conduct a house to house search for
people who had dared to ask him fora
tide and to shoot dead such a person
without any provocation.

The case of Richard Nii Amo Addy
is even more bizarre. He it was who
shot and killed an unarmed Akwasi
Awudzie who was on his knees plead-
ing with a security officer to be
forgiven for selling petrol above the
control price. .

He was said to be the son of Chair-
man Rawlings’ half-brother. In the
Ghanaian context of things, Nii Amo.
Addy was the Flight-Lieutenant’s son.
Thus right from the beginning, Fit-Lt.
Rawlings must have felt under tremen-
dous pressure — not just from his

family, but more especially from the
public who would want to see what he
would do.

To start with, Addy was arraigned
before a Tema-magistrates court but
then contrary to what Fit-Lt. Rawlings
himself had asserted that people pre-
ferred to be tried at his Tribunals to
appearing before the traditional
courts, the public reaction was that
Addy was being given preferentiat
treatment because he had relations in
high places. In other words public
opinion was that if Nii Amo Addy had

been your average Kofi Mensah, he
would have been arraigned before the
Tribunals. So to the Tribunal, Addy
was transferred to stop the raised eye-
brows.

But that was also to, pose problems,
for the Tribunal was ‘chaired by Mr
Addo Aikins, Secretary General of the
June 4th Movement, friend of Chair-
man Rawlings who has tried in all ways
to be even more revolutionary than the
Chairman himself.

The danger of politicizing the
judicial system was ably demonstrated
by the Public Tribunal’s handling of
the Addy case. The Tribunal acquitted
and discharged Addy because, accord-
ing to the Tribunal, Addy did not
know that the gun would kill, seeing he
did not know its mechanism! The
Chairman of the Tribunal added
gratuitously that if the murdered
person had not been selling petrol
above the designated price, he would
have been alive, giving the clear im-
pression that in the Tribunal’s view
those who sell above the control price
deserve to be shot dead on sight.

Uncharitable people felt the acquit-
tal had to do with the Tribunal wanting
to please Fit-Lt. Rawlings.

Again there was public uproar and
Fit-Lt. Rawlings felt compelled to
intervene. The verdict of the Tribunal,
he said was “‘absurd and an insult to
the integrity of the public . . . some of
the tribunals are beginning to take on
the characteristics of the traditional
courts” and then ordered the re-arrest
of Addy.

In the circumstances, the National
Appeals Tribunal really had no other
option but to find Addy guilty — those
on the Appeals Tribunal definitely
would not want to give an equally
“absurd” verdict nor want to be



The vast majority of PFP sup-
porters (72 percent) did not be-
lieve that the homelands pro-
vide sufficient political rights
for blacks, while Nationalists
(59 percent) thought they did.

English speakers (49 percent)
disagreed with a statement
that the homeslands provided
sufficient political rights for
blacks while the figure for
Afrikaners was just 22 percent.

A large body of respondents
(17 percent) were not sure how
to answer.

The belief that political “agi-
tators” were behind the town-
ship unrest was supported by
the fact that 61 percent of re-
spondents said the rent in-
crease was not the real reason.
Once again there was broad
agreement among the language
and political party groupings
with no‘ large differences in
opinion emerging.

Other common ground which
linked the language and politi-
cal support variables was pro-
vided by an acceptance that
more violence and‘ unrest
would occur in the’future...

Respondents were asked ‘to
agree or disagree with a state-
ment that the recent unrest
was an isolated incident and
would not occur again, and
with another statement that it

132

_would’ happen again and again.

In the former instance only
16 percent said it was an isolat-
ed incident, while in answer to
the latter a massive 91 percent
said the same violence would
continue to haunt the country.

A significant finding of the
survey was that only 33 per-
cent of National Party sup-
porters believed. that black
South Africans have no reason
to complain.

In contrast, PFP respondent
support for the statement was
less than 2 percent.

. ‘The major conclusions that
‘emerge from the above figures
are the following:

,@ White residents of Johannes-
burg believe that black people
have legitimate grievances.

@ They believe that “agitators”
| played a significant role during
the recent unrest.

@ That the rent issue was not
the real cause of the recent
riots.

@ The unrest was not an isolat-
ed incident and will flare up
again and again.

:@ That even National Party
# SUP] believe more should
spe done for black people living
‘in the townships. woke



Right

The multiplicity of laws, a powerful bureaucracy and the subservience of
individual rights during the transition period will require increased
vigilance by the legal profession to ensure that the rule of law and the
values underlying it are not further encroached upon.

It is hoped that the policies pursued by the Government will be based
on realism and justice—and that human rights will in time receive recog-
nition and protection in the constitution.

The right of all South Africans to participate in the political processes
of the society and the extension of democratic freedoms and human rights to
all individuals will be the only path to security and happiness for all.

cso: 3400/111

50



Du Plessis on Tax Dodgers, Standard of Living
(David Braun; THE STAR, 5 Oct 84)...cecceceeceeceseeeeeses 91

Kangwane Hit by Looting, Influx of Refugees
(Clyde Johnson; THE STAR, 9 Oct B4)..ceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 92

Transport Minister Clarifies Integrated Trains Plan
(Elsabe Wessels; SUNDAY TIMES, 7 Oct 84).....sseeeeeseeees 93

Sugar Industry Opts for Two-Tier Pricing System
(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 8 Oct 84)....ceseceseceseceseeess 95

Platinum To Benefit From Europe's Acid Rain Problem
(THE STAR, 7 Oct 84).ccecccccceccecsececceseceeccesscssees 97

Textile Industry Wants Action To Curb Imports
(Hannes Ferguson; THE STAR, 3 Oct 84)......

seeeereeeeees 99

Tourism Ranks as Second Biggest RSA Industry

(Richard Paris; THE STAR, 4 Oct 84). ee eeeee 100

Repeal of Mixed Marriages Act Supported
(Eugene Saldanha; THE STAR, 2 Oct 84)......

seceeeeeees LOL

Government Appropriation of Fund Angers Wheat Farmers

(Hannes Ferguson; THE STAR, 2 Oct 84)........- 102

Conservative Party Policies Criticized
(Editorial; THE SUNDAY STAR, 7 Oct 84).....seseeeeeeeeceeee 103

Exports to African States Increase
(Bill Levitt; THE STAR, 11 Oct 84)....c.eceeeeceeeeeeeeeees 104

Troops Query Border Duty Costs
(RAND DAILY MATL, 10 Oct 84)....c.eeeeeeer eee ceeceeseeveece 105

Heunis: Regional Councils Likely Next Year
(Sue Leeman; THE STAR, 6 Oct 84).....eceeeceeeeeeeseseeeees 107

Taiwan-RSA Trade Set to Increase
(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 10 Oct 84).....eseeceeeeeeeeeceess 108

Student Bodies Refuse To Decide on Boycott Issue
(RAND DAILY MATL, 9 Oct 84) .ccececcececeecencereeesecsesess LOF

Boycotts Mean DET Faces Overcrowding
(Susan Pleming, Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 8 Oct 84)......- 110

Lives of Industrdal 'Spies' Threatened
(Fiona Macleod; THE STAR, 9 Oct 84)....sssseeeeeseeeeesenes 111

-d-



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CIVIL DEFENSE BODY FORMED--Harare--The Cabinet has approved the establishment
of a civil defence directorate which will ensure that Zimbabweans are suffi-
ciently trained to cope with any "disaster situation," according to the
Minister of Local Government and Town Planning, Mr Enos Chikowore. The
Prime Minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, will appoint a director to head the new
department, which will co-ordinate civil defence activities, Mr Chikowore
said yesterday before leaving for an international conference on civil
defence in Switzerland. The civil defence organisation was formed recently
and was being run by 127 local authorities throughout the country.~-Sapa
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 84 p 3]

SUPPLIES MINISTRY OWED MILLIONS--Harare--When the government does not pay
the government, the government has a problem. Zimbabwe's Minister of
National Supplies, Mr Enos Nkala, says his ministry is owed millions by
some government departments for transport, stores and stationery. The
central mechanical equipment department alone is owed the equivalent of
more than R26 million. Mr Nkala said: "This is the government owing

the government money. Outsiders can be sued or have their credit curtailed,
but this is clearly impossible in the present case." [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 2 Oct 84 p 3]

HUGE UMNIATI DAM FOR MIDLANDS--Plans are being formulated for a huge new
dam which will have the capacity of Lake McIlwaine and Darwendale Dam put
together, to be built on the Umniati river in the Midlands. This was
revealed in a recent report by the Midlands Observer, which stated that

the project was discussed at a meeting between the Kadoma Farmers and Stock-
owners Association and the Umswezwe ICA in Kadoma. "A most exciting pro-~
ject," the report read. "The dam would be situated on the Umniati River,

on Kudu River Ranch (one of the Sanyati Ranches), where there is a natural
site. On the southern side, there is a sheer cliff of rock and on the
northern side, a rocky knoll." The dam wall would be about 400 metres long
and the dam would have a capacity "as big in area as McIlwaine and Darwen-
dale put together, but it would be a superior proposition because it would
be a deep dam." It would serve a large area, including Gokwe, Sanyati,
Chenjiri, Jombe, Copper Queen, benefit commercial farmers in the area and
be a possible alternative source of water for both Kadoma and Kwekwe. A
great advantage of the site, the report continued, is that it will allow
water to be gravitated onto the surrounding area, against having to pump

it out, thereby saving in costs. The land which would be flooded by the dam

169



ZIMBABWE

MINISTER OF STATE COMMENTS ON SECURITY SITUATION
Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Oct 84 p 1
[Article by Tim Chigodo]

[Text] More than 100 bandits have been killed and several captured this
year in contact with security forces, the Minister of State (Security), Cde
Emmerson Munangagwa, said yesterday.

Altogether about 500 had been killed since operations against bandits began
two years ago.

"It is not my policy to reveal the number of captures," he told The Herald.

Cde Munangagwa disclosed that out of 300 people repatriated from Botswana,
including a number of ex-Zipra combatants, 20 had been handed over to the
police for prosecution for their alleged involvement in bandit activity.

“Only a handful of people have been placed in detention."

A number of persons had been clearéd of involvement in banditry, while in
other cases investigations were continuing.

The ministers said there had been a marked decrease in sabotage and mali-
cious damage to property. During this year there were only 17 such cases
compared to 39 last year.

"such incidents of sabotage which have occurred were committed by bandits
operating in the southern half of the country."

There had been no cases of politically motivated sabotage in the other
parts of the country. "T believe that the decrease can be attributed to
the success that the security forces have enjoyed so far this year and the
imposition of a curfew which greatly curtailed the activities of bandits,"
Cde Munangagwa said.

Certain elements within the South African army had been engaged in acts

of destabilisation through the medium of Super Zapu, in Matabeleland.
There had been evidence that spies and agents of the South African intelli-
gence services had been operating against Zimbabwe from within the country.

158



SOUTH AFRICA

VILJOEN: SCHOOL AGE REGULATION TO BE CHANGED
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Oct 84 pp 1, 2, 8
[Article by Thelma Tuch]

[Text] In its second concession in one week to more than 220 000 boycotting
pupils countrywide, the Government announced yesterday that changes would
be made to the controversial age limit regulation.

In future, pupils over the set age limits would be allowed to attend school
unless the Department of Education and Traing's (DET's) Director-General
refused permission on educational grounds.

This was announced yesterday by the Minister of Education and Training,
Dr Gerrit Viljoen, Sapa reports.

He said he had decided to change the present regulations--barring people over
the age limit from attending school--because it had been applied in "very few
exceptional cases."

The aim of the 1982 age limits--l16 years of age for primary schools, 18 for
Standards, 6, 7 and 8 and 20 for Standards 9 and 10--had been "proved in
practice te be generally ineffective to teach children and virtual adults in
the same classes."

On Tuesday Dr Viljoen agreed to institute Student Representative Councils
(SRCs) at all secondary schools and set out guidelines for its constitution.

He also re-opened the six Atteridgeville secondary schools, near Pretoria,
which had been closed for five months following prolonged boycotts and unrest.

But only a third of the more than 6 000 Atteridgeville pupils re-registered
at the six schools yesterday.

"Their major complaint was that the constitution of the newly announced

SRCs was not compiled in collaboration with the students,” a spokesman
for the DET said.

67



MNR HIERARCHY STILL AN ENIGMA

MOZAMBIQUE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 26

[Article by Joao Santa Rita]

[Text]

WHEN the peace
agreement between
Mozambique and the MNR-

. rebels was announced in

Pretoria, Mozambique
watchers were quick to
recognise the rebels’
secretary-general on Mr
Pik Botha’s left.

Of Goanese descent, Mr Evo
Fernandes, had been the
resistance’s spokesman in
Lisbon for many years before

rs secretary-general.

However, Mozambican
analysts were baffled by the
thtee black men who with Mr
Fernandes formed the MNR
delegation at the ceremony.

jo one had heard of them.
And the South African
Corea ate documents stating

\o had attended the
cofereny referred to the three
men simply as Mr Ngohamo,
Mr Horacio and Mr Vaz.
t year, a list of the

movement’s hierarchy was

leaked to the Press for the first

time.

‘The executive council of the
movement was then said to be
made up of the following

members:

‘@ Afonso Dhiakama, president;
@ Famiiel Gideon Malhuza,
external relations.

@ Rau! Domingos, defence and
security;

22

@ Adriano Bomba, information,
@ Commander Juliano,
education and social affairs,
@ Commander Marques, head
of military operations;
@ Commander Zeca, head of
military security;
@ Boaventura Bomba, national
political comissar;
@ Evo Fernandes,
secretary-general;

Why were Mr Domingos and
Commander Marques not at
the talks? Why was Mr

‘ Dhlakama not at the final

ceremony?

‘A Western diplomat’s
answer: “The truth is that
nobody knows who controls the
movement, as the senior ranks
of the MNR’s political and
military wings are unclear.

“The MNR does not appear

-to have anything representing
a high command, let alone a
political leadership or a
concrete political

programme.’

Lieutenant Adriano Bomba
was the Mozambiquan pilot
who defected to South Africa in
a MIG-17 fighter, flew Impala
aircraft of the South African
Air Force and later was
employed ina non-military
capacity by the Department of
Defence.

Later when pictures of
Lieutenant Bomba in the bush



SOUTH AFRICA

LE GRANGE GIVES CASUALTY STATISTICS
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 3

[Text] Police have shot dead 65 people and injured 126 in less than two
months of unrest in South Africa.

Another 15 people were killed and 59 injured by other people, while 40
policemen were injured and 133 police vehicles damaged.

These figures are part of the first comprehensive official account of
deaths, injuries and damage in recent unrest throughout South Africa which
was reported to the Transvaal congress of the National Party by the Minister
of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, this week.

Mr le Grange said 98 homes, 85 shops and 50 schools were damaged.

He told the congress "the actions of the United Democratic Front and some
of its affiliates contributed directly or indirectly to the following damage
and loss during the period August 1 to September 20 during public unrest and
riots”:

Buildings Damaged

50
Churches . 2
Clinics 7
Shops .... 85

Motor garages .. .
Administration board buildings ....... 17
Beer halls .....sseeeeeeeeees
Bottle stores ....++.-
Homes (SAP members) ..... wees
Homes (private persons) ......
Banks ...seeeeeee
Post Offices

Hostels .....
Bus Depots
Technikons .....

65



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SKOK DOUBLES TURNOVER-~Parktown-based computer aided design (CAD) specialists
Skok Systems, has improved its turnover by 100% in the year to August with a
substantial increase in export sales. Skok installed 172 CAD systems locally
and 140 systems were sold to companies in Singapore, Australia, UK, West
Germany and Israel to produce a turnover of R14,6m. The company's managing
director, Mr Michael Skok, believes the recession has proved to be a boon

to the industry with the pressure of increasing competition providing a spur
to investment in CAD systems. "Companies have been forced to hone their
competitive edges internally and in the export markets. For this reason
many have invested in high-technology equipment to improve manufacturing
quality and cost effectiveness," says Mr Skok. "Some companies have also
used the economic slow-down as a breathing space to move into new technology
areas because during boom times most companies are too busy to go through the
changes needed in implementing CAD technology." He says the architectural,
engineering and construction market remains a low penetration market and the
manufacturing sector is wide open to integrated CAD/CAM solutions. [Text]
[Johannesbu-g RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Oct 84 p 16]

FIRST WELDING ROBOT--Gabriel SA is installing what it claims is the first
welding robot in the South African shock-absorber manufacturing industry.
The R85 000 Japanese-built robot is being installed at Gabriel's Diep

River plant. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Oct 84 p 5]

FLAME-PROOFED VEHICLES--Entech of Germiston has developed two flame~proofed
vehicles for use underground. One, the Myne Bus, can carry 32 passengers
and the other, the Myne Bakkie, can be used to carry men or materials.
[Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Oct 84 p 5]

CISKEI FORCES--Bisho--The first contingent of the Ciskei Defence Force to do
duty in the operational area returned to Ciskei yesterday after two months.
The 31 strong conteingent were met at Blaney Station by the Minister of
Defence, the Rev V.G. Ntshinga. In a statement released by the department
of public affairs, Mr Ntshinga said Ciskei and South Africa had common
enemies in communism and terrorism. These enemies did not adhere to the
territorial boundaries of any state and it was with this in mind that Ciskei
offered the assistance in the operational area. He said that an added factor
was the valuable experience the leader element was subjected to and it was
of significance that members of the Ciskei Defence Force were awareded Pro

141



SOUTH AFRICA

SADF BONUS BOND LOSSES REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 2

[Article by Brian Pottinger]

[Text]

‘THE controversial SADF
Bonus Bonds scheme —
now headed for the scra
heap because of  reli-
gious’ pressures — is run-
ning at a R2-million a
month loss.

‘The recession has taken a
high toll on the multi-million
‘rand moneyspinner, on which
beer
ae, oe”

Now, for the first time, the
public is taking more money
fkeyare puting Into

ey are pul sa
about "2 million a month

more.
‘The controversial scheme
which started: sever

ago was dealt its death blow
‘at the ‘Transvaal National

‘Announcing the 2,
Mr Botha thanked the
cht icularly for the

for the
representations they had

cso: 3400/1121

made on the subject and for

the“ ible and civilised
manner” in which they had
put their case.

He said ‘the decision had
been taken after carefully
weighing the financial risks.

Finance Department
sources have irmed that
in recent months there has
been a net outflow of money”
from the kitty — a reflection

of the tight economic circum-
- stances. - .

Interest

Since its inception, the
public has invested Ri 000-
million in the scheme and
more than R500-million has
‘been id-out to-subscribers.

Pie scheme has always
been controversial because
of its lottery element.

Last year various churches
renewed demands calling for
the abolition of the lottery
after revelations that the
money did not go directly to
the Defence Force, but was
pumped straight into the gen-
eral State Treasury.

‘Under the new scheme, the
lottery element will fall
away and the money will be-

58

come straightforward Gov-
ernment stock giving an
overall interest return of two

t more than current

* feturns on Bonus Bonds.

‘Under the present system,
interest is paid at five per-
cent on the bonds and another
three percent to prizes.
The new will have a
return of 10 percent.

‘The impa of the Govern-
ment ion to scrap the
scheme on the Treasury is
still uncertain. :

It is understood, however,
that the Department of
Finance did not offer opposi.
tion to the scrapping of the
scheme as there had: been
queries about its propriety ~

jor some

time.
10 eet son expla
published soon

ing how the transition will

e place.

Issue of bonds will end on
November 1 and the last
draw will be in February

next year.

‘People wishing to cash in
their bonds are to do so.

‘The rest — including un-
claimed prize money — will
be converted to Government
bonds and made available for
redemption. .



[Cardoso]: No. I think that this commission is a technical commission intended
to apply particularly (?to three or) four points but particularly point No 2
of the Pretoria declaration which is the point referring to the cessation of
violence on the part of the bandits. And in that respect, the commission has
no mandate whatsoever, and thus the public was led to understand that they
have no mandate whatsoever to discuss political issues of any nature.

[Cook] Now the MNR has been issuing statements in recent months talking about
power-sharing, some form of government of national unity is one term that they
have used. What is your reaction to this?

[Cardoso] Well, I am aware that they have been saying this. The campaign, if
I might use that word, went as far as saying that by early September, the ban-
dits and the Mozambican Government had agreed to some kind of power-sharing as
far.as a post of prime minister, another one is minister of defense, another
is minister of the foreign trade, and a fourth one would be the minister of...
I think it was internal trade. They also said the Mozambican Government had
agreed to abolish its constitution. It had agreed to the de-Marxization of
the policy of the party and ali this. Now I think that the Mozambican delega—
tion told the South African side or made it quite clear that it was not possi-
ble whatsoever for Mozambique to sit down and discuss politically, negotiate
politically, with bandits. Mozambique has not recognized and does not recog-
nize the bandits as’a national force, as a national organization, as an oppo~
sition. And therefore the more that they talked about this, the more that
the international public was led to believe. that the longer the solution, the
final solution, of this problem took, the more it endangered, in fact, the
Nkomati agreement, I don't see any political negotiations between Mozambique
and the bandits, who violate what Frelimo is and what Frelimo has been for

20 years. That is certainly not in the cards as far as I can see,

[Cook] Now on Wednesday, shortly after the agreement, the PRETORIA NEWS came
up with a banner front-page headline "End of Civil War." What is your reaction
to that?

[Cardoso] Well, I don't accept that. The term civil war presupposes two sides, _

both autonomous, autonomous in political terms, in ideological terms. This is

not a civil war. The bandits, the MNR, also called RENAMO, they are an in-
strument of outside forces, and it is those forces that once they have decided
to put a stop to it, they can put a stop to it. And, therefore, there are no
two national sides competing for power. You have a government, legitimate,
sovereign, and you have Mozambicans being used by outside powers to fight that
government and to fight the society. Based on that sense, the civil war is
possibly a face-saving term for those who supported these bandits all these
years.

[Cook] So what you are saying is it is up to these outside powers to tell the
bandits to stop [?fighting]?

[Cardoso] .They can. In so far as they controlled them for so many years, they
can now actively participate in dismantling their instrument. To put it very
clearly, South Africa has got the power to participate actively, positively, in



The first vote was if he qualified as a voter for one of the Parliament's
three Houses. A person was entitled to a second vote if he owned property
above a certain value within the local authority area, and to a third if
he owned a company which was entitled to a vote.—~Sapa

cso: 3400/111

32



According to Japanese government sources here Zambia ranks among the top
four Japan's friends in Africa and this explains why Zambia is among the
specially selected four African countries that have been invited to parti-
cipate in Tsukuba Expo 'g5—an international exposition to be held here in
March next year. Zambia's participation has been confirmed and a team from
Lusaka is scheduled here for talks regarding the fair arrangements. An
official from the Council for Scientific Research has been invited.

Zambia participated in Expo '7Q--an international trade fair that was staged
in Osaka, this country's second largest city. And a visit to the Tsukuba
site showed that with about six months to go before the opening on March 16,
many pavilions are already undergoing the final stages of construction and
beginning to show a variety of colourful architectural beauty. The four
African countries invited will be housed under one large pavilion divided
in four sections.

Exhibits

Officials here said the visit to Zambia last year by Crown Prince Akihito-~
the eldest son of Emperor Hirohito, marked the high point in relations
between the two countries because the Crown Prince when on such foreign
assignments is the direct representative of his father who is too old to
travel. Emperor Hirohito is 83. According to Japanese tradition he is the
symbol of the state and unity of Japanese.

Japan does not restrict its assistance on the bilateral level because the
country also subscribes to the African Development Fund and is currently
the world's second largest subscriber to the African Development Bank,
whose president is Zambia's Mr Wila Mung'omba. Japan, whose .total subscrip-
tion when it joined the bank in 1982 was 296 million dollars pledged to
increase its subscriptions to the ADB.

Countries

Probably Japan's generous contributions to developing countries, those in
Africa generally, and Zambia in particular, is only commensurate with the
country's successful industrialisation programme which has seen Japan not

only overtake the European countries but come to give the United States its
biggest threat to the position of the world's number one industrial power.

cso: 3400/88

152



“The SACC is a lawful organisation and we have nothing to hide. During the
Eloff Commission we repeatedly said the council is open to inspection by any
agency and we co-operated fully with the investigating officers of the commis-

sion,” Mr Vaughn said.

He said he had held talks last year with a senior member of the Security
Police in Pretoria about alleged police attempts to “infiltrate” the council.
He was assured that the police were “not harassing" employees of the council.

"This destroys morale among the staff because it sows seeds of suspicion,"

‘gaid Mr Vaughn.

cso: 3400/111

52



PAPER REPORTS ANTI-MNR FEELINGS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English

[Text]

MAPUTO — The following
report is by the Mozambique
information agency AIM:

“The real builders of
peace in Mozambique are
our soldiers,” declares an ed-
itorial carried on the frort
page of today’s issue of the
Mozambican daily Noticias.

The editorial, entitled
“Speed up the surrender of
the bandits”, notes that the
Nkomati non-aggression ac-
cord between Mozambique
and South Africa was in dan-
ger of becoming a “dead let-
ter” due to the continued
acts of violence of the self-
styled “Mozambique Nation-
al Resistance” (MNR).

“Six months after the sign-
ing of the accord, no practi-
cai results could be seen,”
remarked Noticias.

As a result, continues the
paper, @ Mozambican dele-
gation travelled to Pretoria
to warn the South African
authorities that continued
banditry threatened the very
survival of the accord.

‘The ensuing negotiations

reached “a positive conclo-
sion”, and the South African
Government “publicly ac-
cepted an obligation to play
an active role in the imple-
mentation of the Nkomati
accord”.
_ But. Noticias. warns. that
yesterday’s declaration in
Pretoria “is merely one step
forward in the process of
‘winning peace.

18

5 Oct 84 p 7

CLEMENCY

The paper says President
Samora Machel’s words
shortly after the. signing of
the Nkomati Accord remain
valid.

‘These were: “We must step
up our actions: Bandits who
reject our policy of clemen-
cy, those who persist in trea-
son and crime, in murder
and destruction, those who
try to camouflage them-
selves by disappearing
amongst the people, these
are the final obstacles to the

eace we seek to build.

“It is a-priority to unite
and organise ourselves to
eliminate this obstacle.”

Noticias concludes that

“‘this important step:

forward” rust be consolidat-
ed “by force of arms, by the
operational unity between

~our people and our army in

the defence of tranquillity
and in the definite removal
of this last obstacle standing
in the way of peace”.

Noticias. also interviewed
several Mozambicans, asking
them their reactions to yes-
terday’s declaration.

‘They generally felt happy,
but were concerned that
there should be no relaxation
of vigilance.

Restaurant worker Mr
Francisco Sitoi said that only
yesterday afternoon was he
finally convinced the nego-

MOZAMBIQUE


BLACK LOCAL AUTHORITIES REJECTED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Oct 84 p 12

{Article by Gary Van Staden]

[Text]

They will cost some

R300 million a year to operate,
they have been rejected out of
hand by the vast majority of the
people they are supposed to
serve and officials who work for
them have been murdered,
firebombed and hounded out of
office.

They are the black local
authorities and a tragic
example of rejection of the
Government’s constitutional
proposals.

Under the new constitution
the urban black is excluded
from both the first (Parliament)
and the second (regional
authority) tier of government.

It is becoming increasingly

, apparent that the third tier

(local authorities in the urban
townships) is facing total
collapse.

Of the 26 proclaimed black
local authorities one has
already quit en masse and most
of the others have been hit by a
spate of resignations following
the recent unrest in Transvaal
and Free State townships.

The East Rand Development
Board took over the Ratanda
council near Heidelberg
recently after all the councillors
walked out and Tembisa,
Katlehong, Daveyton and
Vosioorus have suffered
resignations.

139

In the Vaal Triangle three
council members have died and
the rest went into hiding for
weeks following widespread
riots.

All Lekoa councillors have
been asked to resign over their
handling of the rent increases
which led to the unrest.

In Soweto councillors’ homes
were bombed and their
businesses attacked amid calls
for the resignation of all three
Soweto councils: Dobsonville,
Diepmeadow and Greater
Soweto. i

n opposition party in
Vosloores, on the East Rand,
has applied to the Supreme
Court to declare the last round
of elections there invalid.

It all adds up to a serious
credibility gap that threatens a
vital link in the new
constitution.

At a recent Press conference
called by the Government at the
height of the Sharpeville unrest
two Cabinet Ministers, Mr Louis
le Grange (Law and Order) and
Mr F W de Klerk (Home Affairs)
said they recognised the validity
and authority of the‘councils.
"They said that any discussions
about rent increases (and
presumably any other black
grievances) would be discussed
only with these authorities.



SOUTH AFRICA

NP JOINS ATTACK ON GOVERNMENT OVERSPENDING

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Oct 84 p 24

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

THE National Party estab-
lishment has joined the cho-
rus’ attacking overspending
‘by its own Government.

‘They do so at a time when some
businessmen are comparing the cur-
rent recession to the Great Depress-
ion of the 1930s.

‘Unease even in the ranks of the
governing party has underlined the
seriousness of ‘South Africa’s eco-
nomic plight, which the private sec-
tor and the Opposition have already
blamed on Government misman-
agement.

Over-spending

At this week’s Transvaal NP con-
gress in Alberton, Nationalists
joined in the attack although they
pulled their punches out of sym-

thy with the rookie Minister of

‘inance, Mr Barend du Plessis, who
inherited the economic nightmare
from his predecessor, Mr Owen
Horwood. Mr du Plessis has initiat-
ed a vigorous campaign to reduce
State spending and has announced a
system in which Government de-
partments will have to justify their
existence.

Mr Wynand Malan, MP for Rand-
burg, said the saving of R650 million
announced by Mr du Plessis was of
money which could be classified as

85

over-spending. The Public Service

“salary bill had increased by 50 per-

cent in the past two years, and there
was the impression that the State
had lost control of State finances.

But he added that.a motion to this
effect had been drawn up before Mr
du Plessis became Minister of Fi-
nance,

Mr du Plessis defended his saving
of R650 million, saying much of this
represented real savings and not
just money that could be described
as over-spending.

Staff retained

Mr FW de Klerk, Minister of Home
Affairs and National Education, who is
responsible for the Public Ser-
vice, said the salary increases could
be attributed to the retention of
‘middie-management staff who pre-
viously had left to join the private

He said the policy of job differen-
tiation had stopped tha erosinn of

“this staff. There were now fewer va-

eancies in the Public Service and
sproductivity was being promoted.

Delegates at the congress said in
interviews there were strong feel-
ings about the Government's inabili-
ty to control the economy, but they
had moderated their criticism in
view of Mr du Plessis’ difficult new
role.



BUMPER COTTON CROP REPORTED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English "The Farming Gazette" Supplement
5 Oct 84 p 23

[Text] A record seed cotton crop has been delivered to the Cotton Marketing
Board this year, beating the previous record of three years ago by more than
47 million kg.

The CMB's deputy general manager, Mr Maxwell Gandiwa, said that by
September 22 a total of 247 036 000 kg had been delivered to the board from
the 1983/1984 growing season.

This is about 47 000 tonnes higher than the 1981 intake of just under 200
million kg and is 79 million kg higher than the 1983 intake.

"The intake to September 22 is by no means the total for the season, as
seed cotton is still being delivered to several depots," he said, adding
that a final intake of between 250 and 255 millions kg is expected.
Intake at all depots startéd to fall away at the end of August, and has
slowed considerably.

Mr Gandiwa said the board was pleased by the handling and processing of
the seed cotton. Rural transit depots had performed well, all of them
working above their designed capacity.

The intake to ‘September 22 was 3% above the estimate given in the ‘second
national crop estimate of 240 million kg and was already above the third
estimate of 247 million kg.

Farmers haye been paid $135,7 million for the seed cotton sold to the
board. A total of 55,5% of the intake has been received from the large
scale commercial sector, with 32,5% from the communal sector, 8,9% from
ARDA estates and 3,1% from the small scale commercial sector.

By September 22, the board had ginned 182 655 000 kg, or 74% of the intake.

This was 40 932 000 kg more than had been ginned by the end of September
last year.

167



Waiting

He said Dr Viljoen should talk to the leaders of Crossroads, who were :still
waiting for implementation of an agreement with Dr Piet Koornhof, the previous
Minister, made in 1979.

He warned that if the Government tried to move squatters by force there would
be "big trouble."

Leaders of the Nyanga Bush squatter community, who have been negotiating
with the Government for nearly for years to legalise their status in the
Peninsula, reacted to the news with anger and dismay.

"There will be a big confrontation if the Government does this," said a
committee member, Mr Enoch Madywaba.

There is bitterness among the Nyanga Bush community. Many of these people
were born in Cape Town, but because of provisions of influx control legis-
lation they are not eligible for urban rights.

"We were first moved from Simon's Town to Ndabeni. And then to Langa. Then
we came here to the bush where we have been struggling for nearly four years,"
said Mr Simo Menziwa, a committee member.

"Now the Government wants to move us again to Khayelitsha, and then where?"

Chairman of the Nyanga Bush squatters Mr Melford Yamile said the proposed
Government move was "not even on the agenda."

"How can we trust the Government again? We have been talking to them for
four years, and now they come up with a plan which they have not even dis~
cussed with us. And we are still not going to get our rights. What is the
use of talking any more?" Mr Yamile said.

Some squatters said they would be prepared to go to Khayelitsha if "everyone
was given rights."

Not Consulted
But many of the squatters, who have sat around a table with Government
officials on several occasions and are among the most skilled negotiators

in the black community, are upset at not having been consulted about the
proposed move.

cso: 3400/1111

39



SOUTH AFRICA

FORMER ZIMBABWEANS OVERCROWD NORTH TRANSVAAL SCHOOLS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Oct 84 p 1M
{Article by Dirk Nel]

[Text] Several Northern Transvaal high schools will have to turn down.
scores of applications for 1985 because their facilities are already stretched
to capacity.

Though no accurate statistics are available, it is clear that the influx of
former Zimbabweans is an important factor in school crowding.

Also, many people still in Zimbabwe are sending their children to school in
South Africa, and demands on poarding schools have soared.

The rapid growth of Pietersburg, Tzaneen, Louis Trichardt and Potgietersus-—
because of the Government's decentralisation policy--is another vital factor
in the increase in school enrolments.

The largest school in the region, the Afrikaans high school at Pietersburg,
has 1 300 pupils. Only 250 are boarders.

Tuition Complaints

The schools bearing the brunt of the influx are Capricorn High in Pietersburg,
Merensky High near Tzaneen, and Eric Louw High in Messina.

Capricorn, one of South Africa's largest English-medium co-ed boarding schools,
accommodates 552 of its 937 scholars in hostels. At Merensky, the recent
introduction of parallel-medium tuition resulted in a 30 percent increase in
numbers. The school has 560 pupils--329 boarders.

The most dramatic growth has taken place at Eric Louw High School. Attendance

almost doubled last year after English scholars were enrolled. It now has
450 pupils, of whom 250 live in hostels.

80



They drew distinctions
between the “legal” resi-
dents of Huhudi (those with
Section 10 rights) and the
- pilegals" (without urban
seth acre oe
ous! an
those who were boarders
and between those whose
houses were in condi-
tion and those whose houses
had been condemned.

Dr Koornhof a; to
stop the removal of the “le-
ls” and the destruction of
houses in a good state of
repair, while those in con-
demned houses and those
who were boarders would
be moved “voluntarily”.

However, there is great
confusion over how many
“{llegals” there are and how
many of these have a claim
ea legalising . themselves.
“The Board has said that 462

of the houses are con-
demned but nobody knows
which houses are included
in this list.

It is also unclear how the

ve 10 rights and who have
every legal entitlement to
stay in the township.

The Huhudi Civic Associ-
ation (HUCA) was formed in
May 1983 at a meeting at-
tended by about 400 people
and adressed by speakers
from isations such as
the United Democratic
Front, the Black Sash, the
SA Council of Churches and
the Soweto Youth Congress.

cso: 3400/1112

An affiliate of the United
Democratic Front (UDF), it
has rigorously op the
removal of any of the peo-
ple — “legal” or “illegal” —
and has questioned the le-
gitimacy of the Huhudi
Community Council.

Hubudi is now buzzing
with’ political activity.
There is a visible UDF pres-
ence, a growing trade union
Ty hus become strongly

Ss
mobilised against the re
moval.

On Monday Dr Gerrit Vil-

n, the new Minister of

miaperation and Devel

will meet with the
Huhudi Community Coun-
cil, the Vryburg Chamber of
Commerce and the Sake-
kamer, the Northern Cape
Administration Board and

the MP for the area, Mr JP
du Toit.

He will listen to their rep-
resentations on the removal
and make a decision on
whether or not to push
ahead with it.

However, HUCA has been
refused ion to send
a delegation to Monday's
meeting, so the decision on
their future will be made
without them.

The Department of Co-
Operation and Develop-
ment have said the Com-
munity Council will ade-
quately represent the views
of the community.

HUCA have challenged
whether the council is rep-

57

‘te Gryburg

resentative and their posi-
tion was thened after
Mr Peter Soal, a Progres-
sive Federal Party MP,
visited the area and said
HUCA appeared to have the
support of the majority of
the community.

HUCA leaders are con-
cerned with the position -
taken by the Vryburg busi:
nessmen. They fear the dis-
tinction between “illegals”
and “legals” will divide
their community and allow
some to be forcibly re-
moved.

They ‘say they will fight
the removal of any of the
residents.

Pera

ion and the memory
of the international outcry
caused by the Mogopa re-
moval earlier this year, the
Government is in a dilem-
ma.

It will not be able to drive

St Titec ge
out fac lerce

sition and causing an inter-

It is possible they will
look for a compromise


The Star has received complaints about inadequate accommodation and inferior
English tuition. Officials are close-lipped. There is a shortage of English-
speaking teachers throughout the Transvaal.

In striking contrast, primary schools in the North-Western Transvaal border
area are struggling to survive because of the depopulation of the region.

cso: 3400/111

81



RISE IN STEEL PRODUCTION REPORTED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Oct 84 p 10M

[Article by Stan Kennedy]

[Text]

In the first seven months of this
year, steel production increased
by 15,8 percent over the same
period last year, while ferrous
casting production rose by 2,3
percent.

Prospects throughout the year
for the export-orientated ferro-
alloy industry appear strong,
with the possibility of continu-
ing real growth in demand and
improved prices in the US and
the EEC.

Activity in the engineering in-
dustries continues at a de-
pressed level, although the steep
decline in production in 1982 up
ay June 1983 appears to be halt-

In his report to the annual
meeting of the Steel and Engi-
neering Industries Federation of
SA (Seifsa) in Johannesburg
today; the chairman, Mr JW
Nelson, said that while the re-
cent social unrest may have
been sparked off by other fac-
tors, it was also related to the
difficult economic conditions
and unemployment.

The South African economy
was in an “extremely serious
situation” and the question now

cso: 3400/111

was whether the recent correc-
tive action by the government
would achieve its objective.
He said there had been criti-
cism of government’s determi-
nation to adopt a more market-
related approach in implement-
ing its foreign trade policy. Seif-
sa was concerned at the timing
of the action in view of the poor
economic conditions prevailing.

“I£ Government's policy is to
be achieved, there is a need for
it and the private sector to work
together as partners so that any

rogramme of action can have
the full support of both parties.

“Seifsa welcomes the appoint-
ment of the Van der Horst Com-
mittee and hopes it will clear
the way for the co-operation and
mutual support that is needed.”

* Reviewing the past year, he

said the steel industry showed a
“definite improvement” in the
first half of this year but the
overall outlook for the rest of
the year was “uncertain”. ”
Steel production dropped 13
cent from 8,07 million tons in
1982 to seven million tons last

116

SOUTH AFRICA

year. In the first seven months
of this year, however, produc-
tion increased by 15,8 percent
over the same period in 1983.

Ferrous casting fared worse,
dropping from 457 000 tons in
1982 to 367000 in 1983 — a 20
percent decrease. Tonnages for
the first seven months of this
year increased by 2,3 percent
over the same period last year.

In contrast, the export orient-
ated ferro-alloy industry in-
creased production by 12 per-
cent in 1983, from the 1982 level
of 1,16 million.tons to 1,3 million
tons. Prospects appeared strong
with the possibility of real

ywth in demand and improved
prices in the US and the EEC.

Turning to labour relations,
he said more than 300 cases had
been referred to the Industrial
‘Court since January 1983.

: This had led to widespread
debate on the role of the court,
and the uncertainty arsing out
of the current definition of an
unfair labour practice was in-
,hibiting employers in the con-
duct of their industrial relations.



EXPORT SUGAR OUTPUT RISES

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 4 Oct 84 p 2

[Article by Priscilla Whyte]

[Text]

cso:

ISUGAR available for export. has
been increased to 942 000 tons, says
Mr David Hardy, export manager
-of the SA Sugar Association (Sasa).

This is a 14% more than the previous
estimate of 825000 tons for the 1984/85
season and a 165% increase on the 355 000
tons exported in 1983/4.

The optimistic 1984/85 outlook on ex-
ports comes after a disastrous year when
sugar was imported to meet domestic and
OrFn 1800/84 drought, low export pri

» low @ ices,
low domestic prices and the Hite of
inflation resulted in an industry deficit of
R247m. .

‘The total accumulated borrowings in-
volved financing of R327m at the end of the
season — a debt that is incurring an annual
interest burden of R47m.

‘The international raw sugar price has
softened to about $126,50 (R210) a ton in
|London, compared to $162 a ton a year ago.

In 1980/81 the world export price aver-
aged more than R500 a ton and at times
reached R800.

The strong dollar/weak rand situation
has, however, offset the present soft inter-
national sugar price for SA exporters.

Japan, Canada, Korea the US and Israel
are traditional buyers.

Total world stocks amount to about 40-
million tons, compared to the normal level
of 25-million tons.

Mr Hardy believes this international

3400/1113

9

surplus will continue for the forseeable
future but feels the market has bottomed
out and is trying to consolidate. .

SA ranks seventh or eighth among 20 to
25 international exporters. The European
Economic Community is the chief group
exporter. Cuba and’ Brazil are the main
exporting countries.

Mr Hardy says that in SA the 1984/85
season began with ‘a very low oppening
stock, due to the drought, of 46 000 tons,

compared to 92000 tons for 1983/4.

The industry's first obligation is to the
domestic moar cet, The availa bility of sugar
for export on consumption.

The estimate for the 1984/85 season is
2,163-million tons produced from 20,793-
million ‘tons of cane.

‘The cane/sugar ratio is 9,61, an improve-
ment on ‘last year’s 9,74. :

Price control has een lifted at whole-
‘sale and retail levels, but still applies at
the industrial selling level. _

Dr Frans -Oosthuizen, the ‘manager,
national market and communications, of
‘Sasa, says the association has had discus-
sions with the Government on price on-

pric
_trols but expects them to continue for the _

foreseeable future.

He says improved production prospects _

for 1984/85 are because of winter rainfall
4n Natal. Although it is dry on the south
coast. now it is not a drought.

‘Annual domestic per capita consump-
tion is the same as in France. It is
38kg a head in West Germany, 38kg in the
‘UK and 40kg in the US.



lained that whatever help was
accepted from the USSR or any
other country in this domain
was done so because it was

to be used for the benefit of our
people,” Mr. René said. Some
of the fuel had also been used in
other Seychellois ships such as
the ‘Lady Esme’ which ferries
goods and people between
Mahé and the developing outer
islands, and in Seychellois

free.

~ Seychelles did not believe in
buying arms and Mr. René said
that he once told the United
States Ambassador to Scychel-

les that if his Government of- lorries.
fered the Republic military aid “Not one gallon of the fuel
free of charge, it would be has been given to any Soviet
accepted. warship,” President René said.
The same thing was said to On another false report that
the British and French Govern- | the Soviet embassy in Seychel-
ments. France agreed and ' les contained 60 people, Mr.
would soon be supplying the ' René said that there were in
Seychelles People’s Defence fact 15 staff, some with: their
Forces with radio communica- families. All this false prop-
tion equipment. ' aganda, he noted, was simply

aimed at tricking people into,
The President also ref ed! believing that Seychelles was
fer . :

to a gift of 5,000 tonnes of aligned to the Soviet Union.
diesel fuel recently presented
to Seychelles by the USSR and
which some people were claim-
ing would be used in Soviet
warships. “More than 1,000
tonnes of that fuel have gone
into the tanks of our fishing
boat, the ‘Seykor I’, to allow it
to go out to fish to earn money

“As long as this Government’
is in power,” President René
promised towards the end of!
his speech, “neither the Soviet
Union nor the United States,
or any other country, will,
dominate us. No-one will
dictate to us.” '

“it will never happen”.

cso: 3400/100

26



At the time of its establishment, the agency took over the functions of the
Overseas Technical Co-operation Agency, established in 1962 for the purpose
of providing overseas technical co-operation.

Now JICA performs its activities for international co-operation in accordance
with the Japan International Co-operation Agency under the supervision of

the ministry of Foreign Affairs, the overall authorities, as well as the
ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and the ministry of Inter-
national Trade and Industry which are responsible for specific matters under
their jurisdiction.

Office

JICA has a permanent office in Zambia housed at 9A Kaleya Road, in Lusaka's
Roma township, and it is from there that all operations and activities of
Japanese volunteers in Zambia--who are scattered in far flung areas of the
republic are monitored and controlled from.

The JICA Overseas Co-operation Volunteers Programme (JOCV) activities in
Zambia, in line with the organisation's approach in other developing countries
where Japan has JOCV personnel, is designed to promote and assist the
co-operation extended by Japanese young people for the socio-economic develop-
ment.

The volunteers for this program undergo training to acquire techniques and
skills required by developing countries and are charged with a mission to
co-operate in nation-building. "The characteristics of the JOCV programme
are that young Japanese are sent in order to deepen mutual understanding
through personal contacts with the people of developing countries and co-
operate with the local people.

"Based on requests made by recipient countries, the agency, in co-operation
with prefectural governments and private organisations, publicly recruits
volunteers twice a year and give them a four-month pre-assignment training.
The sector covered by this programme has a wide range and includes agricul-
ture, forestry and fisheries, civil engineering and construction, health
and hygiene, mining and manufacturing and even education and sports,"
explained the JICA president.

The volunteers live and work together with the local people but they are
supported by JICA in respect to their living and other expenses but do not
receive what may be regarded as a remuneration for their services. They
work as volunteers, living a life of local people.

Serve

"The need for broadening what is called 'development education! is being

felt in Japan and returned JOCV volunteers can serve and are actually serv-
ing as media of information concerning overseas people, their culture and
many more things about the countries they have lived and worked in. - In

this sense, JOCV volunteers play a unique role of consolidating mutual under-
standing between the recipient countries and Japan at grassroots."

i151



NORTH, SOUTH KOREA ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE

Gaborone THE GUARDIAN in English 5 Oct 84 p 1

[Article by Mxolisi Mgxashe]

[Text]

Both South -and
North Korea have
pledged to assist Bo-
tswana’s economic
and food production
problems, and to
help this country
achieve a sound and
sophisticated
technology.

In separate inter-
views with The Guar-
dian last week the
Ambassador of the
Korean Republic (South)
to Botswana, Mr Luk
Jae Kang and his Demo-
cratic People’s Republic
of Korean counterpart
(North), Mr Kim Dong
Hwa, said their atten-
dance of Botswana’s
18th anniversary of in-
dependence celebra-
tions offered them the
opportunity to talk to
various Government
Ministers and officials
‘on areas of cooperation.

Both expressed deep
sympathies with the
acute drought spell the
country is going through
and the subsequent
problem of food
production.

Mr Hwa Said Bots-

wana and North Korea
have a common @x-
perience of colonial oc-
cupation and as strug:
gling developing nations
there was a lot they
could share in the fields
of, for-instance, water
irrigation and agricul-
ture. He said the
problems Botswana
faced in these two areas
were’ the same as those
faced by the Democratic
People's Republic of
Korea when it liberated
itself from Japanese oc-
“cupation in 1948; but to-
day they have managed
to achieve a high degree
of self-sufficiency in
food production despite
the acute shortage of
land.

“In my country we
have now completed all
our irrigation schemes
involving a 40000
‘water canal and more
than 1 700 water reser-
voirs. More than 75 per
cent of the territory is
covered by mountains
and our biggest drive
has been to reclaim
some land from the sea,

BOTSWANA


80:

60:

20.

%

4 TABLE 3
100)
q

| ‘ 414

33.3

l agree that blacks in South Africa
have no reason to complain.

Percentages of Conservative
Party, Herstigte Nasionale
Party and New Republic Party
supporters cannot be used.
Too few respondents identified
themselves with these political
parties for the ‘percentages to
be valid. :

TABLE4 J agree that this type of unrest is!
likely to flare up again and again!

Percentages of Conservative
Party, Herstigte Nasionale
Party and New Republic Party
supporters cannot be used.
Too few respondents identified
‘themselves with these political
parties for the percentages to
be valid.

95.7

91,7 ps ce
82.5 . |

4 4 Lt {4

Total

sieyeedg
ysi6u3

. Sueyeods|
sueeyuyy)
sreuoddng
Aued euoneN)

sueuoddng|
d3d|

134



Patria medals of the South African Defence Force. The ties that already
existed between the SADF and the CDF had been further strengthened as a
result of this visit and it augured well for a continued united stand
against a common enemy. "I~ is only by standing united with well-trained
and highly motivated members of our defence forces that we will be able to
achieve our common goal of peace and prosperity for all the people of
Southern Africa," he said.--DDR [Text] [East London DAILY DISPATCH in
English 3 Oct 84 p 4]

HOWICK INDIANS THREATENED--The Howick Council is showing an amazing disregard
for the rights of the Indian community, according to our Pietermaritzburg
correspondnet, who recently visited the town. It appears as if the
Government's new dispensation attitude to Indians has never been heard of in
Howick. Instead, the old-time Natal white prejudice against Indians is
flourishing as though South Africa was still living in the pre-war days.

One of the most glaring examples is that of making no provision for Indian
traders to trade in the Central Business District, or elsewhere. Another
example is that repeated requests by the Indian community for attention to
their grievances are usually ignored. In telephoning his report to our
editor, our correspondent said: "You.name any problem facing the Indian
community previously, and you have it here.” Our correspondent has found
out that a large number of ex-Rhodesian whites (some with the worst possible
anti-Indian prejudices) have settled in this town and they seem to dominate
the Town Council, its attitudes and its proceedings. [Text] [Durban THE
GRAPHIC in English 5 Oct 84 p 7]

TRANSKEL PROJECT--East London--Sappi's managing director yesterday denied
reports that his firm had shelved a project to establish a R27m particle
board plant in the Transkei. Mr E.A. van As was reacting to a newspaper
report that Sappi had suspended the scheme because of recent-take-over

pids for private companies in the Transkei and the sacking of senior Transkei
Development Corporation officials. Mr Van As said the report was "definitely
not true." "The truth of the matter is that our proposéd plans are still in
the feasibility study stage and have not yet reached any finality." He

said the proposed scheme would be a joint venture between Sappi and the TDC.
"But neither the TDC nor the Transkei Government has yet given any cast-iron
commitment that they are interested. "We cannot go ahead with the project
until we get a definite reply from the TDC and Transkei Government nor until
we have completed our feasibility studies." [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY
MAIL in English 4 Oct 84 p 8]

CAD USE HIGH--South African architects are among the world's leaders in the
use of computer-aided—design (CAD) systems, although literacy in this field
is still poor. There is about one CAD system to every 20 architects in
South Africa whereas in the UK there is only one system for every 150 archi~
tects, says Professor George Macnab of the University of the Orange Free
State's department of architecture. "If things progress in CAD, there will
be one system for every five architects. "However, the likelihood is that
only 50% of graduating students in architecture will have the remotest idea
of what CAD is all about. This will be a serious deficiency unless important
measures are taken very soon," says Professor Macnab. He says it is the

142



ZAMBIA

BOTSWANA FIRM WINS IMPORTANT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CONTRACT
Gaborone THE GUARDIAN in English 5 Oct 84 p 2

[Text] Three helicopters operated by the Gaborone-based Helicopters Botswana
left Botswana this week at the start of a 3-month geological survey contract
in neighbouring Zambia.

The aircraft, 2 Bell 206 Jetrangers and a twin-engined Bell 412, are to be
used on a gravity survey covering large tracts of land in Zambia. The survey
is being carried out by the American Geoterrex company on behalf of the
Zambian Ministry of Mines and funded by the World Bank. It represents

the final stages of a long-term project to determine the availability of

oil and other forms of hydrocarbon deposits which are thought to exist in
certain areas of the country. Initial estimates of the deposits were |
compiled through intensive ground survey work and through a comprehensive
aerial and photographic search. This final gravity survey will utilise
known data on the probable location of the deposits and will enable the
team of geophysicists to produce highly accurate information aimed at
assessing their size. It is this information that will ultimately determine
where drilling should take place.

For the purposé of ‘the operation one of the Jetrangers has been fitted with
a highly-sophisticated inertial navigation system, capable of pinpointing 4
position on the earth's surface accurate to within ten metres. In addition
the helicopter will carry an onboard computer to enable the survey team
immediately to begin collating and processing the information as it is
collected. Logistical support in the form of fuel, stores and personnel
will be provided by the remaining two helicopters.

Operations Manager of Helicopters Botswana, Captain Phil Nash, explained
that helicopters were essential for this type of work in a country such

as Zambia. By using helicopters the whole survey could be completed
within a 3-month period. Any alternative methods, he said, would take up
to a year to complete and would almost certainly double the overall costs,
owing to the immense distances involved as well as to the inhospitable
terrain to be encountered. The contract was a significant one for Helicop-
ters Botswana and for the country, he went on, because it showed that
Botswana’ was now able to provide valuable technical assistance to her neigh-
pours. This is further highlighted in view of the fact ‘that the contract
was awarded to Helicopters Botswana in the face of intense competition from
other, much larger operations in Canada, Europe, Zimbabwe and South Africa.

cso: 3400/94
148



In 1974 he was elected branch chairman of the now banned South African
Students' Organisation (Saso). He was detained for 11 months and then denied
re-entry to Turfloop in 1975.

In 1976 he registered at Unisa, but was again detained. He re-registered
the next year, signed up for his articles and qualified in 1981.

Disillusioned

But by then he was disillusioned, and began working for the legal unit of
the Council of Unions of South Africa (Cusa).

Mr Ramaphosa says that at Cusa's 1982 congress it was decided to forma
mineworkers' union. He was asked to head the organising committee. The
National Union of Mineworkers was born in December 1982, and he was elected
its general secretary.

In its first 20 months, the NUM has signed up 90 000 members out of a total
black mine workforce of 450 000. And, says Mr Ramaphosa, it is aiming to
recruit up to half the workforce by next June.

The NUM's first breakthrough came in June last year .when the Chamber of
Mines, the country's largest mining employers’ body, officially recognised. ,
a black trade union for miners.

A 15% pay rise for black, coloured and Indian miners.followed immediately.
This year's negotiations brought a further 16,3% increase and a holiday
bonus.

But there is still a long way to go: Mr Ramaphosa points out that the
starting pay for a black miner is R136 a month, while that for a white miner
is R900. .And the most a black miner can hope to earn is about R550, while
a white miner can aim for R3 000.

"We want a balance brought about here, and we want it like yesterday," he
says.

Following the recent. pay dispute, Mr Ramaphosa expects more resistance from
the white Mine Workers’ Union and chamber itself as the NUM increases its
strength.

On the plus side, he says, there has been a realisation by many miners that
the NUM is prepared to fight for improvements. "This will encourage workers
to join.”

Seriously

Increased membership will mean greater bargaining power and being taken
seriously by the chamber.

41


BOTSWANA

RAILWAY LINE AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH CHINA
Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 2 Oct 84 p 2

[Text] Gaborone, October 3--Botswana and the People's Republic of China
last Friday signed an agreement for the renewal of the 120 kilometres of
rail track between Gaborone and the southern border.

The Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Works and Communications, Mr

C.M. Lekaukau, signed on behalf of the Government of Botswana and the Economic
First Secretary in the People's Republic of China Embassy here, Mr Li Zongxi,
on behalf of his Government.

Under the agreement, the Chinese are to make a contribution of P12 000 000
towards the cost of work and are to supply 12 000 tonnes of rail, cranes,

a rail welding machine and a complete workshop for the maintenance of equip-
ment.

Botswana will supply the rail vehicles, labour, supporting services and
supply 171 000 Botswana manufactured railway sleepers to be used on the
project.

According to Mr Lekaukau, work is planned to commence in February 1985,
but preparatory work including the construction of a track renewal depot
costing Pl 000 000 was already at an advanced stage.

The project, he said, was expected to take two years to complete and will
provide employment for approximately 250 Batswana under Chinese supervision.

"This is a significant development of cooperation between the two govern-
ments and it is the highlight of the national days of the respective coun-
tries--Botswana September 30 and the People's Republic of China, October 1,"
observed Mr Lekaukau after the signing which took place at the Ministry of
Works and Communications here. BOPA

cso: 3400/94



LABOR UNION ACTIVITIES, STRIKES REPORTED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Oct 84 p 4

[Article by Phillip Van Niekerk]

[Text]

‘THE Black Allied Mining and

Construction Workers’

{BAMCWO) oak yesterday
’s first

*anti-asbestos camy with
the avowed aim of closing
down the South African as-
bestos industry.

ane P BAMGWU ro
mibeworers Showing fat si
Wed fora

asbestosis in in
ith Africa since 1967, 212
had been ‘compensated for
mesothelioma and 57 for lung

cancer,
The figures — which
BAMCWU officials said “un-

Mines Bureau of Occupation-
ar Diseases (MBOD) statis-

A BAMCWU statement
said they wanted to mobilise
the community ty against the the

Minof ince palgn was clo-
campaign was
of asbestos mines.

‘used whether this ralght
‘mean they were campaign-

‘wld met oe be
their members, Mr
lanl Nefolovdhe, a ANCHO

“We don't envisage a situa-
‘tion where we would choose
to-die in order to earn very

35

little. We'd rather starve
than sell our lives.”
The salon (A People’s or
ganisa ion
itement at the | dress cone con-
calling for a ban on
asbestos because “even
4 or, our etizens
orld, our
deaerye First World treat-

mr Abu-Baker Asvat, Az Aza

‘po’s Health Secretary, cal

workers as the got the
substance could not happen

ments to increase the
pensation paid to black
‘workers 81 suflering from a5
bestosis fro 1490 to

on \adaiton, black workers
who suffered from “this irre-

jeerned individuals in the
‘community to lend whatever
could.

support
would also be writing to
foreign contries to make the
‘international community
aware of what was happen-
dng in South Africa.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

NETHERLANDS REACTS ANGRILY TO NEW CITIZENSHIP ACT

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 12 Oct 84 p 5

[Article by Mauritz Moolman]

[Text]

cso:

THE Dutch Government has
reacted angrily to the new
Citizenship Amendment Act
which took effect yesterday.

A provision in the Act, which
declares children of Dutch sub-
jects living here to be SA citizens
with the object of getting them to
do military service, was rejected
by the Dutch Consulate-General in
Johannesburg.

The Chancellor of the Dutch
Consulate-General, Mr S Sieden-
burg, said Dutch minors in South
Africa would remain Dutch citi-
zens — despite the fact that they
automatically became natura-
lised South Africans — because
minors “did not voluntarily
agree” to become South African

itizens,

Aspokesman for the Dutch Con-
sulate-General in Johannesburg
said Dutch minors could “never’
become citizens of another coun-
try and that they would not lose
their Dutch citizenship especial
because they did not ive citi-
zenship “out of their own free
will”.

He said they will remain Dutch
citizens despite the new law, pro-

3400/111

mulgated on 11 April this year
which came into effect yesterday.

Dutch citizens are not allowed
to do service in any foreign army
without the permission of the
Dutch royalty, as a condition to
the acquisition of a Dutch pass-
port.

However, the Dutch govern-
ment announced that Dutch sub-
feels living in South Africa have

relieved of this proviso due
to the nature of the Act.

All immigrants between the age
of 15 years and six months and
years and. six months automati-
cally became citizens in terms of
the Citizenship Amendment Act of
1984 which makes them liable for
military service.

They have 30 days to register
for military service as from yes-
terday.

Immigrants older than 25 — the
parents of the minors involved —
are however, not affected by the

new law.

Meanwhile, the South African
Defence Force said that the first
immigrants would be called up for
military service during the next
call-up in January.

‘A spokesman for the SADF said

115

“hundreds” of inguiries about the
implications of the new call-up _
plan had been received.

He said the questions most fre
quently asked were:

@ When the next call-up would be;
@ Whether deferment would be
granted for academic reasons;
@ Whether immigrants would lose
their passports;

The SADF spokesman said the
first immigrants to be naturalised
in terms of the Citizenship
Amendment Act would be called
up in January next year. 7

He said deferment for study
would be granted on application
and “on individual merit”.

A spokesman for the rt-
ment of Internal Affairs said dual
citizenship would be allowed de-
pending on the laws of the origi-
nating country.

The Government would expect
immigrants to use their South
African passports, but they could
use their original passports with
permission from the department.

The spokesman said immi-
grants had had six months to state
whether they did not want to be-
come naturalised. The six-month
period lapsed yesterday.



MOZAMBIQUE

AIM HEAD ON PRETORIA DECLARATION

MB060829 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 5 Oct 84

[From the "Insight" program]

[Excerpts] This week on "insight" we will look at the background to this
week's declaration in Pretoria concerning the military situation in Mozambique.
As you have no doubt heard, the declaration contains a commitment by the
leaders or organized armed banditry in Mozambique to cease all their acts of
violence as quickly as possible. These representatives of what has come to

be known as the Mozambique National Resistance [MNR] or RENAMO also accepted
President Samora Machel as Mozambican head of state. This action, coming
after years of vitriolic abuse against what they called the Machelist regime,
implies that the MNR now accepts the Mozambican Government which Samora Machel
heads and recognizes. the institutions enshrined in the Mozambican constitution.

The Nkomati accord did not put an end to bandit activity in Mozambique. The
bandits were coming under increasing pressure from the Mozambican armed forces.
Only in the last few months, they have suffered massive losses: hundreds were
killed, captured, seriously wounded, or surrendered. But bandit activity con-
tinued. Does this mean that South Africa was violating the Nkomati accord?
That is the question Tim Cook puts to Carlos Cardoso, director of AIM.

[Cardoso] Well, the question of violations of the accord had become, in fact,
irrelevant by September. What was happening was that there was continuation
of violence in Mozambique and...[sentence incomplete]. I say that agreements
between two states are signed because those two states have specific interests
in signing the agreements. The Nkomati agreement was signed by Mozambique, I
think, because Mozambique wanted to see peace, and it hoped that through the
Nkomati agreement, peace would be established in Mozambique in the Shortwhile.
That is not what happened. So, in fact, the Nkomati agreement was becoming
just a piece of paper and that is why I think General Veloso said last Thursday
that the continuation of violence in Mozambique was endangering the continua-
tion and the usefulness of the Nkomati agreement.

[Cook] Now one of the terms of the agreement that was reached this week in
Pretoria was the setting up of a joint commission involving Mozambique, South
Africa, and the MNR. Is this a form of negotiations between Mozambique and
the MNR?

14



labelled with that ultimate of insults of
behaving like the traditional courts.

Fit-Lt. Rawlings would hope that by

, ordering the execution of his nephew
he would have proved many points —
“fall better beware and behave
properly, I’m no respecter of persons,
relations or otherwise, if you disobey
the law, you will die’? — his friends
and colleagues would therefore all
behave most scrupulously in the future
and then the rumours about
favouritism wii nave to stop.

Unfortunately, he has not settled
anything. As in the Kojo Lee case, Fit-
Lt. Rawlings has got to take responsi-
bility for creating the situation
whereby all his friends and relations
came to consider themselves as part of
an clite who held al! the important
posts, were armed, had resorted to
things other citizens could only dream
about, roamed the night when others
were under ‘curfew and administered
instant justice.

Such a state of affairs would never
have been possible if there had been a
constitution and if Fit-Lt. Rawlings
had not actively destroyed law and
order and is now trying to assert it by
the crudest possible method.

It is difficult to imagine that justice
has been done in this matter, for it
must be a very dangerous thing now to
be a relation or friend of Fit-Lt.
Rawlings if his mode of showing he is
in control is to intervene in-the admin-
istration of justice.

If Nii_ Amo Addy had been your
average Kofi Mensah, would he have
been transferred from the magistrates
court to the Tribunal and would the
Chairman of the PNDC have inter-
vened to order the re-arrest.

This case drew public comment
because of the relationship between
Chairman Rawlings and Addy. How
many other Addys have appeared
before the Tribunal who have been
found. guilty’ because they. had. .no
friends in high places or been acquitted
because the Tribunal felt their crimes
were political?

Itis noteworthy that even though the
National Appeals Tribunal found
Addy guilty of murder at his retrial,
the Chairman George Agyekum
recommended ‘‘life imprisonment
because of the political dimensions the
case assumed during and after the first
trial’ even when the Tribunal had no
authority to recommend life im-
prisonment. Obviously the more the
various Tribunals tried to save Chair-
man Rawlings embarrassment, the
greater the pressure on him.

A man thus was tried twice for the
same offence contrary to all accepted
norms and has been executed because
he was a relation of the Chairman of
the PNDC — the merits and de-merits
of his offence in law have long since
disappeared.

The story is told of Fit-Lt. Rawlings
in 1979 towards the end of the 3-month

tule of his Armed Forces Revolution-

ary Counci (AFRC) which had execu-
ted eight top ranking military rulers,
Fit-Lt. Rawlings with a friend in tow
(for moral support?) drove to the home
of one of the newly widowed wives,
went and stood before a portrait of her
executed husband, shook his head,
muttered ‘‘what a pointless death,
what a waste, oh such a pity...”
sympathised with the widow and left
her with clear impression that he
personally had nothing to do with her
husband’s death. This was the same
Fit-Lt. Rawlings who had told
Ghanaians that the people had been
executed because they were crooks,
thieves, and nation wreckers.

‘Now that he has won his public
image battle, it will be interesting to
note not only if he kept vigil with Kojo
Lee and Nii Amo Addy but more im-
portantly if Flt-Lt. Rawlings has paid
nicodemus visits to the homes of Kojo
Lee and his aunt to disclaim all
responsibility.

The saddest aspect of it all is the fact
that so much violence has been
wreaked on.the psyche. of Ghana: that
when tcn people are executed, it hardly
merits héadlines any more.



Meaning of New Citizenship Act Discussed
(Gary van Staden; THE STAR, 8 Oct 84).....ccceencedceseccces

New Citizens To Register for Military Service
(THE STAR, 11 Oct 84) ...ceececcceceeeccce cece eeenensencecees

Netherlands Reacts Angrily to New Citizenship Act
(Mauritz Moolman; RAND DAILY MAIL, 12 Oct 84) ....cceveesecee

Rise in Steel Production Reported
(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 8 Oct 84) ..sccsccceceaseeccccenecee

’ Former Political Prisoner on English Ambivalence
(Gerda-Marie Kenyon; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 7 Oct 84)....cssseeeees

Le Grange Plan To Use Troops Scored
(Editorial; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 7 Oct 84)......cceceesseeseceees

Export Sugar Output Rises .
(Priscilla Whyte; RAND DAILY MAIL, 4 Oct 84) ..cceccuseceeeee

‘Unclear’ Labor Laws Irk Seifsa
(David Furlonger; RAND DAILY MAIL, 9 Oct 84).....cceeeseeeee

Trend Toward Racially Mixed Unions Seen
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Oct 84) .....cecceeceseeecccenscuweescees

Export-Led Recovery Indicated
(Tony Koenderman; SUNDAY EXPRESS, 30 Sep 84)....veecescceeees

Housing Moves Anger Leandra
(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 9 Oct 84),....scsccccecceecesceee

Modernization of 40 Airfields Being Considered
(DIE TRANSVALER, 3 Sep 84).,.6seeeeee8

Taiwan Leads Foreign Investors in Homelands
(Mike Jensen; RAND DAILY MAIL, :4 Oct 84)....csceccccccascccs

Factors Behind Black Student Unrest Examined
(Michel J. Barrette; RAND DAILY MAIL, 4 Oct B4) . pew acedccces

Poll Reveals White Reaction to Black Political Unrest
(Gary Van Staden; THE STAR; 7 Oct BA) ierecseeeeerereterceee

; Dutch Reformed Church Revises Thinking on Apartheid
(DIE BURGER, 29 Sep 84) ..ccccecececcccsecccsevecsievesceeecs

Black Local Authorities Rejected
(Gary Van Staden; THE STAR, 4 Oct 84).....sescscecceucecece

112

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

122

123

125

126

128

129

131

136

139



He praised the city council as a body that realizes the advantages of
a good airfield and over the years has done its part, at times under
difficult circumstances, in adapting air transportation improvements
to the airport.

Mr Schoeman said that by putting into operation this modernized
airfield the city council has demonstrated that, as it did in 1945 when
the airfield was taken over from the armed forces, and even after that,
it has always been managing with a futuristic attitude.

7964
cso: 3401/28

127



TROOPS QUERY BORDER DUTY COSTS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 10 Oct 84 p 6

[Text]

WE WOULD, through
the medium of your
newspaper, like to ask
the Chief of the Army a
few questions about
border service.

. _ As citizen force members
we would like to inquire why
we diseri force members

servi omen?

For instance, while up in
South West Africa when we
want ange pment, it;
like boots, tothe di les etc,
we are always, asked: : “Are

a comper?” If you say

a then the answer is:

io, we have no kit for
compers.”

We, who form the back-
bone of the South African De-
fence Force, feel that with-
out the correct kit we
become second-grade sol-
diers, although we are ex-

ted to perform as well as
i national servicemen. .

As for canteen supplies,
‘we would like to ask why the

prices are 100% (or more)

Figher than in the Republic?

‘A few examples are: Omo
washin, power 15g is priced
at R1,50, Colgate shampoo
R150 and Gillette Contour
razor blade (five in a pack) at
R3,25. The prices in the Re-

ubli¢ are much, much
lower.

We have been told on a
number of occasions in the
red zone area there is no
sales tax. The goods are
transported at taxpayers’
expense.

Pick ’n Pay works, accord-
ing to their published fig-
ures, on a profit margin of
approximately 4%.

As the SADF has no over-
heads like pay for workers,
building maint , trans-
pert costs, etc, we wonder

Ow profitably Mr Ray fond
Ackerman could run fi

: ganisation!

Food that is bought by the

| taxpayer, like mil, -con-
densed

d, cheese,
tomatoes, pipe ete, .is used
tomake sandwiches, hotdogs,
jee éream, which ‘is then sold
‘ to the troops at a profit of

We have been told that
there is R84 000 in the kit

‘We have been told that to-
Qards battalion funds a
oop and officer Toast

Te @ month. What
money being used ‘or?
We have told this is

: for jam, tomato sauce,

Worcestershire sauce, butter
and other essentials which
we have seen once or twice

“in the Jast two months.

T-shirts as souvenirs,
where the colour runs and

. are of poor quality, are sold

for R6. In the Republic they
se roape In the field, when
e field, wi
asking for things like ciga-
rettes, are sent a box of 25
cartons which you must bu)
whether you want them
or not. .

105

SOUTH AFRICA

We have been informed
that for our last month of
duty we will receive all our
danger pi pay and that this will
be taxed at 20%.

We would like to ae
why and when danger
Taxable and ‘whether this

iblished in the ‘Government

We. as

upright, onourable
‘sou it ican citizer
are prepared to sive v up vind
time to defend our country
ask how this state of affairs
has come about. — PLA-
TOON MEMBERS, ; Pretor-

@ The Director, Public Rela-
tions, South African Defence
Force, replies: All members
of the SA army, whether per-
manent force, citizen force

‘operational duty.

There are limited reserves
in the operational area

‘ical cases only,

“ ‘Kit exchanges can be dons.



This had resulted in progressive South African film makers being forced to
use non-South African markets to keep their projects viable. These film
makers were also faced with state harassment, police intimidation and in

some cases exile.

He argues that the extent of state interference depends on the extent to
which the material penetrates the working class. The more likely a film
or video is to be seen by audiences engaged "in a daily struggle against
the system," the greater the likelihood of it being banned.

cso: 3400/111

64



tiations with South Africa
“were not a joke”,

“Peace is good for all of
us,” said Mr Sitoi, “even for
the bandits themselves,

“If the talks are going in
this direction, it means that
the bandits are recognising
‘that the- Mozambican:
are already independent and
don’t want any more wars.

“They are seeing that the
only way out is for them to
surrender.” ~

But he said the struggle
would have to continue “until
all the bandits surrender,
and we have no more wars in
‘this country”.

Civil servant Mrs Maria
‘Sefane said: “I hope this dec-
laration is put into practice
quickly.

“I want to go to Inham-
bane, but I can’t because I’m
afraid of the bandits.

“We are tired of this war. I

~ want this all resolved by De-

80: 3400/95

19

cember.”

Mr Abel Meque dos
Santos, a soldier, told Noti-
cias: “If the idea is to get rid
of the bandits, then I think
it’s very good, because apart
from being tired of war, we
don’t want to remain in pov-
erty.”

DISASTROUS

Banditry, he said, had
caused “a disastrous eco-
nomic setback”.

As a soldier, he ‘added: “I
am not going to sit back and
cross my arms. We must
maintain our vigilance.”

Printworker Mr Antonio
Agostinho said he was
pleased with the news.

“I think it means peace
is nearer, despite difficul-
ties”.

He hoped the result would
be that “the bandits still in
the bush will surrender en
masse”.



An example of the shift in the norm for adjudicating relations between
peoples is to be seen in the church's objection to racially mixed
marriages. Originally, even up to the synod of 1834, the objection
directed against that was that this constituted a marriage between
Christian and heathen.

Reference

However, since 1915, reference has been made to: "marriages between
Whites and Coloreds."

Originally the component of the norm was the contrast between Christian
and heathen and along with that the difference in civilization and
cultural level. These dynamic components solidified into the static
norm of: difference in race and color, as time went on.

Thus there is also nothing strange in the fact that the Act on the Ban

of Mixed Marriages (for which the church did its best with the government
through delegations and even a petition) has embraced this norm.

7964 :
cso: 3401/28 a

138



"UNPRODUCTIVE STATE ENTERPRISES’ DISCUSSED

Loan for Probe Questioned

London TALKING DRUMS in English 24 Sep 84 p 11

[Article by Poku Adaa]

[Text]

One of the notable characteristics of
Ghana’s post-independence industrial
development is the large number of
state enterprises which were set up in
the early 1960’s. They range from.
housing, road, air, rail and marine
transport, telecommunications, hotel
and catering, building construction
and architectural services, insurance,
plantation agriculture, water and
power utilities, retail trade, printing
and publishing, fishing and food distri-
bution and many others.

Most, if not ail of them, have turned
into national financial burdens, huge
barren elephants with productivity
levels that have little or no significance

_ or impact on ‘national economic

growth or even worthy of service to the
community. Nearly all of them depend
on imported imputs to survive. Few
can break even at the end of the day.
Their operations crawl to a halt when-
ever foreign exchange restrictions start
to bite. Besides, they are knee-deep in
red-tape, bureaucracy, labour disillu-
sionment and corrupt practices.

One can recall the case of the €29
million watch strap episode of the
Ghana National Trading Corporation,
the gradual and sad disintegration of
the State Shipping Corporation, the
public disenchantment with the Ghana
Airways Corporation, the terrible state
of affairs of the State Goldmining Cor-
poration, the poor programmes of the

Ghana Broadcasting Corporation, or
indeed the illegible prints being
churned out by the local press.

And yet revolutionary organs take
the. first. opportunity to take over
private enterprises only to watch them
sink into chaos and mess just like the
Bonsa Tyre factory, the Ghana Textile
Printing Company at Tema, the
Achimota Brewery, to mention a few.

The decline of these industries has
been a national cancer which is crying
for proper attention and control and,
of course, more funds.

In his Economic Recovery Program-
me set within the PNDC 4-year
programme, the Secretary for Finance
and Economic Planning stated inter
alia: ‘‘To rectify the problems facing
the State Enterprises, a new Public
Corporation Service Law is to be
passed to control and regulate the
operations of the State Corporations to
make them accountable and produc-
tive”’. :

Desirable sentiments of course, but
the law envisaged has yet to be passed
although a State Enterprise Commis-
sion which has been set up, is believed
to have been assigned the task of col-
lating data and information to form a
frame work for the proposed laws. To -
this end, the Ghana government has
negotiated financial assistance from
the United Nations Development
Programme and the International



SOUTH AFRICA

DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH REVISES THINKING ON APARTHEID
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 29 Sep 84 p 7

[Article by the Church Affairs Reporter: "The Church Has Changed
Its Approach"]

[Text] It is true that the Dutch Reformed Church has
had a big part in the establishment of apartheid;
however, the change in the church's thinking concerning
the theological justification of that must not be
ignored. This is what Prof P. A. Verhoef of
Stellenbosch says in the last of two articles about
the church and apartheid. He points to new emphases
to be found in the establishment of church policy.

The Dutch Reformed Church has had its part in designing apartheid and has
also justified it from the theologic point of view; however, during the
past decade there have been “tremendous developments" in the church's
thinking and new emphases are now peing placed. This is what Prof P. A.
Verhoef, the former deacon of the Stellenbosch Seminary, has stated.

Professor Verhoef, who is also a member of the important commission which
reviews the church's policy documentary: RAS, VOLK en NASIE (RACE, PEOPLE
and NATION), says that since 1974, when the document was accepted, there
has been an important shift in emphasis in the church's approach to

racial matters.

Since then the differences between peoples and races have no longer been
regarded as a principle, but as a given fact. The differences and their
preservation are not, therefore, biblical dictates, but facts which can

be positively appreciated.

Professor Verhoef said that because of the composition of the government
the Dutch Reformed Church did not have an opportunity of playing a
meaningful role in formulating the country's policy until 1914.

136



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

REFUGEES FLEE INTO KA NGWANE--The Chief Minister of kaNgwane, Mr Enos
Mabuza, has expressed concern over reports that police in the Tonga and
Komatipoort areas had apprehended certain refugees and deported them to
Mozambique. Mozambicans are streaming into kaNgwane to escape being caught
in crossfire between Frelimo and Renamo. Tired, hungry and frightened,
they were being accommodated by private individuals, he said. Referring

to the deportation reports he added: "This was not the case when thousands
of Portuguese fled from Mozambique 10 years ago and I intend taking this up
with the South African Government." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in
English 3 Oct 84 p 5M]

cso: 3400/95

24



ers along the Limpopo
River common boundary.

At the meeting in May Gen-
eral Van der Westhuizen

was presented with a list

of Zimbabwean allega-
tions of South African-
sponsored destabilisation
incidents.

Mr Munangagwa told The
Times that General Van
der Westhuizen had asked
specifically whether
there had been any such
incidents since South
Africa signed the Nko-
mati Accord’ with
Mozambique and was told
that at that time (in May)
there had not been.

When I spoke to Mr Munan-
gagwa last month he said
agang of about 40 “Super-
Zapu” dissidents had en-
tered Zimbabwe shortly
before the ruling Zanu
Cush!

su

“Dead men do not alk” re-
“plied Mr Munangagya la-
“conically when I asked if
he believed the gang had
infiltrated southern Ma-
tabeleland from South
Africa or Botswana. Ee

committing any a
think they are headit for
specific target areas, Mr

lunangagwa told me.

He said political direction
for the dissidents’ cam-
. ‘which has rackéd
beleland for more
than two years and
claimed thousands of
lives, came from a for-

mer Zapu-nominat
trict administrator at
‘Tsholotsho, north of
Bulawayo. His name was
Muthukuki and he was

based in Pretoria.

cso: 3400/95

When captured members of
the latest gang had been
interrogated and a dos-
sier of evidence com-
piled, a meeting would

ike place with the South
Africans at which the dos-
sier would be presented.

While it is welcome that the
two sides are on such ap-
parently familiar terms
‘one can hardly imagine
anything more we
in the field of uenan rele,

Imagin x

ine telephoning your
neighbour and asking him,
to pop across for a cup of
tea so you can discuss
whether the landmine
flanted in your driveway
ast night was one of his.

‘The alarming facet of Zim-
babwean-South African
relations is that while Mr
Munangagwa has, vé
creditably, made himsel
available for on the re-
cord Press interviews,
little or no word about
Lieutenant General Van
der Westhuizen’s ya for
example, nor int co-
operation between Zim-
babwe and South Africa
to help Mozambique;
seems to have reacl
the ears of the Zimbab-
wean or South African
public.

Mr Munangagwa gave a re-
markably full statement
on the current security
position in Matabeleland

the main national dail
newspaper, the Herald,
on October 2.

Talk is, of course, cheap, but
‘Mr Mugabe's government
can make no better start
to the difficult task of re-
butting the allegations
against it of violating I
man rights than by mak-

_ ing its ministers accessi-
ble to the Press as it has
done.

161

Yet there was no explora-
tion in the interview of
Zimbabwe's complex se-
gurity relationship with
South Africa beyond the
usual stereotype allege
tions that Pretoria lay
hind the dissidents in the

tubeless ME

The propagandists in their
state-controlled broad-
casting media keep com-
paring Zimbabwe and

ith Africa to Stalin's
Russia and Hitler's Ger-
many respectively. These
comparisons are almost

invariably
fartelones "and willy
ill-natured.

But in one respect the be-
ginnings of an unwhole-
some similarity to the
Nant Soviet, relationship

seem appearing:

While the ganda min-
istries waved. abuse dur-
_ing the 1930s, the military
men from Berlin and
eae established a

legree ‘co-opera-

tion — the Germans, for
example, evaded the 1919
Versailles Treaty restric-
tions imposed on them
an aircraft re-
establishment at
Lipezk, south ‘of Moscow.

One British cartoonist
‘summed up this relation-
ship in his famous 1939
drawing of ‘Hitler and
Stalin bowing to each oth
er over a corpse
“Poland”.

“The scum of the earth, I
believe?” said Hitler with
a smile, while Stalin re-
turned a similar pleas-

antry.

Let us Zimbabwe and
South can come
clean with each other and
their citizens before there
is a similar symbolic en-
counter over a corpse la-
belled “Matabeleland”.


SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSPORT MINISTER CLARIFIES INTEGRATED TRAINS PLAN
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 7 Oct 84 p 2
[Article by Elsabe Wessels]

[Text] The relaxation of segregation in dining and lounge facilities on
mainline trains announced last week will be stopped immediately if there is
abuse of or complaints about the new move.

This was the stern warning yesterday from the Minister of Transport, Mr
Hendrik Shoeman.

"If we find that fewer whites use trains due to the change, we will stop it."

The move opens lounge and dining facilities to all first and second class
passengers on mainline trains.

"We initially want to see whether it can work or not. If we find we are
losing business, it will be stopped," Mr Shoeman said.

A spokesman for the Railways said: "The integration only applies to dining
and lounge facilities. In the sleeping coaches, passengers of different race
groups will still travel separately.

"It is part of a Transport Service's campaign to improve services to all
passengers and to promote an economical utilisation of amenities," the
spokesman said.

Mr Schoeman added a warning: "If transport officials experience any
problems, whether racial incidents or bad behaviour, they will return to
the old system of separate facilities."

Asked whether he was aware of any incidents since the opening of the dining

and lounge facilities, Mr Schoeman said they had received one complaint so
far.

93



lagree that the Government "TABLE 5

1 Ry should stop blaming the ANC for the unrest.
804.
» 60.
Percentages of Conservative
Party, Herstigte Nasionale
40 35.0 Party and New Republic Party
32.9 supporter’ cannot be’ used.
‘Too few réspondents identified
26,1 themselves with these political
20. 211 parties for the percentages to
i | be valid. :
Omar o Ob 14 =
al 7 a
ie
a a
=
. SURVEYDETAILS "950... TABLE 6
The total sample was 374 respondents, broken
: 100) down as follows (percentages):. .

cso: 3400/111

135



cso:

Mr du Plessis has also declared
war on tax-dodgers who deprive the
State of revenue and place an extra
burden on other taxpayers who can-
not afford accountants to think of
ways of avoiding tax. -

Criminal act

He said some of the best brains in
the country were concentrating on
beating the tax system. “We will
also get the best brains to do the
same to them,” he added.

Tax-dodging, which merely war-
ranted a warning in the past, would
now be made as near aS possible
into a criminal act.

3400/111

86

Economic issues have dominated
debate at recent NP congresses de-'
spite the introduction of the new
Constitution, which would normal];
have held centre stage in more af-
fluent times.

The recent Cape congress of the
NP was a chorus of requests for re-
lief from delegates begging for fi-
nancial concessions. These included
requests for tax rebates on housing
bonds and tertiary education fees.
The farming lobby has asked the
Government to abolish GST on
farming implements and there has
been a request for the reduction or
abolition of éstate duty.

All these pleas have gently been
turned down by Government
spokesmen.



Development Association to the tune
of US$664,000 to undertake the
exercise.

On July 30 this year, management of
state enterprises held a series of
meetings with PNDC officials which
has been followed by a two week
nation-wide tour of state enterprises by
the Commission. As part of their
schedule, the Commission has submit-
ted questionnaires to all state enter-
prises as a way to gather data and in-
formation to assist in their task of
appraising the performance of these
public corporations.

It appears fortuitous, however, to
arrange an international loan of over
600,000 dollars to merely conduct a
probe into state sector unproductive
industries. What funds will be avail-
able at the end of it to support these
ailing national burdens, to bail them
out of real cash which they need to sur-
vive? It will be of great importance to
follow how Squadron Leader C.M.K.
Sowu, Co-ordinator of the State
Enterprises Study Project will tackle
his assignment with $664,000 and what
benefits the nation and her Corpora-
tions will gain from the study.

Food Production Corporation

London TALKING DRUMS in English 24 Sep 84 p 11

[Text]

The Food Production Corporation is one of the State Enterprises which was ear-

marked for dismantling at the begit
Thursday, December 30, 1982, the Secretary for

outlining a 4-year programme of
Food Production Corporation are

be apportioned among workers inter
This statement on the PNDC econo! I
the Minister of Information under the title:

Economic Recovery Programme’.
Nearly two years on and no-one

inning of 1983. In his nationwide broadcast of
r Finance & Economic Planning,
Economic Recovery, announced that: “‘The
to be dismantled. Their farms and lands will
ested in operating on a co-operative basis.””
mic policies was subsequently published by

‘The Way Ahead — Ghana’s

knows exactly what has happened to the FPC,

whether it was given a reprieve to continue to exist or whether it is being run as a

‘co-operative’ under the previous name.

The puzzle tightens further by the

appearance of a quarter-page advertisement in the August 14, 1984 issue of the
Ghanaian Times in which the Food Production Corporation is inviting tenders

for the supply of agricultural inputs — tractors, motor vehicles, spart parts, ferti-
lizers, agro-chemicals and what is described as “‘miscellaneous’’, to be paid from
a grant aid from the government of Japan.

It will be recalled that in October 1983, the government of Ghana signed an
agreement with the government of Japan for a Japanese Grant Aid package of
$3.33 million (approx. 810 million Yens). $2.5 million was to be used for the pur-
chase of rice as food aid to Ghana, while $820,000 was to be spent on fertilizers,
agric equipment, and machinery for the Upper and Volta regions agricultural
development programmes.

There does appear to be the possibility that the FPC advert in the Ghanaian
Times is based on the same Japanese government grant aid. That being the case
then either the FPC, still operating as a state enterprise, has taken over the devel-
opment of agriculture in the two regions named above, or else the Japanese
government grant aid has been ‘switched’ to the ‘FPC’ which only eighteen
months ago was singled out for axing in a major government budget statement.
When did the government reverse its decision to axe FPC? If the ex-Corporation

is now run by co-operatives, are they entitled to internationally negotiated loans
and grants?

aso: 3400/98



KANGWANE HIT BY LOOTING, INFLUX OF REFUGEES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Oct 84 p 12

[Article by Clyde Johnson]

[Text]

‘The inhabitants of Diud-
luma, a tiny settlement in
the north-east of the
Swazi homeland of kaNg-
wane, are being kept
awake at night by fierce
artillery fighting between
Frelimo and MNR sol-
diers in nearby Mozambi-

que. .

Armed Mozambicans
are allegedly entering the’
village and robbing ‘bu-
sinesses of thousands of
rands worth of goods.

Last week continuous
shelling ignited the veld
and illuminated a large
area less than 10km
from the settlement.

Caught in the crossfire,
a number of Mozambi-
cans have gone over the
the border and sought re-
fuge in kaNgwane. ~

‘The Pretoria Declara-

‘tion last week paved the

way for peace between
Frelimo and the MNR,
‘but for the moment the
human toll of the war
continues to mount.

For the past nine years
people living along the
border between kaNg-
wane and Mozambique
have shopped in Diudlu-

ma.
Tn recent weeks, how-
ever, Mozambicans have

cso: 3400/111

complained of being
robbed of their purchases
by armed soldiers when
they get back.

If people resist they
are shot dead and alleg-
edly left to rot as a lesson
to others.

Diudluma shopkeeper
Mr Velapi Lukhuleni says
life in the settlement has
become uncertain since
Frelimo and MNR sol-
diers began fighting on
the nearby border.

“leavily armed people
in search of food come
into the village at night,
break into our businesses
and make off with what-
ever they want,” he says.

“Last month my shop
was broken into and the
robbers took R8 000
worth of groceries.

“J live nearby and have
a pistol but it would be
like a pea-shooter against
the weapons they use.”

“As a deterrent for
would-be attackers <dur-
ing the day Mr Lukhuleni
moves around with an air
rifle with a telescopic

sight.

The Hoyi, Siboshwa, |
Mahlalela and Lugedlane
tribes in kaNgwane all
have historic and blood
ties with tribes in Mo-

92

SOUTH AFRICA

zambique.

‘As a result many are
sympathetic towards
escaping refugees.

During the past few
weeks police in the Ko-
matipoort and Tonga
areas have apparently
apprehended refugees
and repatriated them to
:Mozambique.

Fearing arrest should
they be found to be hous-
ing the refugees, villag-
ers are reluctant to di-
vulge their presence.

It is not known how

many are living in kaNg-
wane.
° Chief Minister Mr Enos
Mabuza has expressed
concern at the number of
refugees being deported.

Hundreds of Portu-
guese who fled to South
‘Africa from independent
‘Mozambique in 1975 were
not turned away. —

“Why then should hun-
ery, frightened people
now be sent back?”

Mr Mabuza said it was
the duty of his govern-
‘ment to see the refugees
got all the assistance pos-
sible. He added that he
would be taking the mat-
ter up with the South
African Government.


SOUTH AFRICA

PLATINUM TO BENEFIT FROM EUROPE'S ACID RAIN PROBLEM
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Oct 84 pp 1, 3

[Text] South Africa's platinum mining industry is facing the heady prospect
of a $200 million-plus bonanza.

Western Europe's "acid rain" plague and its sale of 11-million motor vehicles
a year are the factors working towards a halcyon future for this country's
platinum mines.

How come? Air pollution from the exhausts of motor vehicles has been found
to be the main cause of acid rain and the only way of purifying these noxious
emissions is by fitting what is termed a catalytic converter to every vehicle
that comes off the assembly line.

For the catalytic converters to be effective their innards must contain a
platinum-based contraption and since many millions of cars are sold in
Western Europe, the South African platinum mines will be pulling the metal
out of the ground at a far brisker rate than they are at present.

Just how much additional platinum South Africa will sell is uncertain at this
early stage of the proceedings. But at a rough estimate, the arithmetic looks
something like this.

The retail price of a catalytic converter is $200, the platinum content of
which is in the region of $20. Multiply that over 1l-million units and the
result is $220 million dollars or R370 million, of which South Africa is
likely to get the lion's share.

Problem is that no-one knows just when this windfall is likely to materialise.
As a spokesman for one of South Africa's leading platinum mines told Sunday
Star Finance: "It's going to happen but it's anyone's guess as to when the
whole thing will come together."

The West Germans want it desperately and ruling legislation aimed at ensuring
that all vehicles produced in 1989 be fitted with a catalytic converter is
imminent. The objective is that 20 percent of all vehicles produced in 1986
must have the converter, 40 percent in 1987, 60 percent in 1988 and 100 per-
cent in 1989.

97



CSO:

Each application will be con-
sidered on merit and no guar-
antee can be given that such
Permits will be renewed.

Immigrants who have been
living in South Africa for five
years but are not yet 15% will
automatically become South
African citizens on reaching
that age.

The males must then regis-
ter for military training.

The new South African citi-
zens do not have to contact
anyone with regard to their
new status,

| Certificates indicating that
they are now South African cit-

\izens will be issued through the
Post, - :
South African identity docu-

ments can be obtained from
the regional offices of the De-
: partment of Internal Affairs.

* Immigrants who become au-
tomatic South African’ citizens
jwill not lose their original citi-
zenship.

They will, however, have to
apply to the department for
permission to use a foreign
passport.

GROUP TWO

Immigrants who fall into the
this category automatically be-
came South African citizens on
April 10 1984 provided that:
@They were not older than 23
on that date.

3400/1141

113

@They had been resident in
South Africa for at least two
years.

Males in this category are also
eligable for military training.

GROUP THREE

Immigrants who fall into this
category will automatically be-
come South African citizens on

‘the day they have been resident
in South Africa for five years,
if they are not older than 25 on

“that day.

Males in this category be-
come eligible for military
training on the same day they
become South African citizens.

They have 30 days to regis-
ter.

All new South African citi-
zens eligible for military train-
ing will be subject to the same
regulations and conditions re-
garding deferment as other
South Africans.

Immigrants eligible for mili-
tary training in South Africa
will receive credit for military
service in another country if
documentary proof of such ser-
vice is provided.

Each case will, however, be
treated on merit.

Immigrants who were ex-
empted from military training
on the grounds of-a statement
that they did not intend to be-
,come South African citizens
must now register for military
iservice.



Mr Goodall said this was comparable to 10.5 percent tax-free investments
with building societies and the Post Office.

The sale of Bonus Bonds would cease from November 1, the Minister of
Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis said this week. The last prize draw would
be in February next year.

cso: 3400/111

60



Boarding houseS .....sececevecccceeeee
Offices’ .
Halls ...
Libraries .eccesccsceecccccesccccenns

Vehicles Damaged

SAP vehicles ..seeeeeeecssceceevenecee
Private vehicles eeee
BUSES eee eeeeeceeneecces
Post office vehicles
Administration board vehicles
Municipal vehicles ..........

Casualties

Persons shot dead by SAP ...seeeeeeee
Persons injured by SAP ..eeeeeeeeeeee
Persons killed by other persons .
Persons injured by other persons .
SAP members injured ..eeceeeeeeeeeeene

Arrests

Persons arrested ...seecesseeceneeceee

cso: 3400/111

66

wRENE

133

356

793



GHANA

GHANAIAN REFUGEES INVOLVED IN EUROPEAN MARRIAGE RACKET
London TALKING DRUMS in English 29 Sep 84 p 17

[Excerpt]

Scotland Yard’s serious crime squad
has uncovered an international racket
in which hundreds of marriages have
been carried out under false names.
Drug addicts, alcoholics and down-
and-outs from Amsterdam and Ham-
burg have been paid to come to
London to secure false marriage cert-
ificates for Ghanaian refugees who
face deportation from West Germany
and Holland.

The Yard believes that a well-
organised gang is responsible for 222
marriages this year and now fears that
Chinese wishing to leave Hong Kong
illegally may try a similar ploy.

The police were first alerted in May
by a marriage at Willesden register
office between a Dutchman and a
Ghanaian. Since then detectives have
attended 12 marriages and arrested 63
people. About half have been senten-
ced to periods of between six and 15
months and all have been recommend-
ed for deportation.

The influx, which the police believe
has been going on since January, has
been caused by the economic crisis in
Ghana, exacerbated by the expulsion
of hundreds of thousands of Ghana-
ians from Nigeria last year.

Faced with unemployment and food
shortages, many Ghanaians have tried
to get into Europe. Unable to get

through immigration controls in west-
ern countries, they can fly direct from
the Ghanaian capital, Accra, to East
Berlin, where the authorities are said to
be only too happy to allow them to
land and put them on a train to West
Berlin. There, their travel documents
are seized and they are placed in
refugee camps while their cases are
investigated. Faced with deportation
and a return to the poverty of Ghana,
most are prepared to try desperate
measures.

The system for acquiring false
nationality in Holland or West Ger-
many works like this: the refugees are
approached by a member of the gang
and agree to hand over up to £1,000
and their birth certificate. The gang
then finds a hard-up European , often
a drug addict or derelict, and pays him
or her about £400 to travel to London.
In European cities, a passport is
required for the marriage ceremony.
There is no such requirement in
London and the rest of Britain.

The European is sent with the
Ghanaian’s birth certificate and a tele-
phone number of a go-between in
London. The linkman introduces the
German or Dutch national to a Ghana-
ian who, with the birth cetificate, will
pose as a refugee. The couple can then
get married at any London register



MORE LEAD, ZINC FOR LOCAL MARKETS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Sep 84 p 11

{Text]

cso:

‘ZAMBIA has increased lead and
zinc exports to other members of
the PTA and the SADCC regions.

Metal Marketing Corporation
(Memaco) managing director, Mr
Lawrence Mutakasha, who expres-
sed satisfaction at the development,
said Zimbabwe, Kenya and Tanza-
nia were among some of the coun-
tries in the region buying the
metals.

Mr Mutakasha explained that
the formation of the two regional
economic development groupings
has boasted exports of Zambian
lead and zinc to neighbouring
countries and others within the
region,

. Meanwhile Memaco is awaiting

_areply from Zaire’s Gecamines on.
when the two sides will hold dis-
cussions on-cobalt marketing for
the coming year. .

‘Mr Mutakasha said the two sides
had not met since January when
the Zairean government scrapped
Sozacom which used to market
Zairean metals. President Mobutu
transferred marketing responsibili-

3400/88

155

industry.

ties to Gecamines which handles
mining operations in Zaire.

The Memaco chief said it ‘was
important for his organisation to
hold regular consultative meetings
with the Zaireans, especially now
that the 1985 sales campaign was
about to begin.

He said a cobalt marketing stra-
tegy for 1985 has to be drawn up
soon so that sales could be launched
at the beginning of October.

Zambia and Zaire are the largest
cobalt producers in the world, and
whatever decisions the two coun-
tries take to regulate and stabilise
cobalt prices on the international
market, they will have an immedia-
te impact on both consumers and
small producers.

Meanwhile © Mr = Mutakasha
expressed gratitude at the decision
the Reagan administration has
taken not to impose restrictions on
copper imports into the United

; States. Mr Mutakasha said the

decision was a “victory for free
trade and the world copper

ZAMBIA



Condemned.

The leader of the Conservative Party, Dr Andries Treurnicht, said his party
condemned the move.

Dr Treurnicht said the MP for Nigel, Mr J.H. Visagie, had already written
to the Minister of Transport mentioning several incidents which had occurred
since the relaxation.

Mr Ray Swart of the Progressive Federal Party said he welcomed the move away
from discrimination on trains. "We believe all passengers should share the
same facilities, regardless of colour," Mr Swart said.

cso: 3400/111

94



implementing the spirit of the Nkomati agreement. And I think that is what »
the South African Government has decided to do, precisely because this. very
instrument no longer. sérves the interests of the South African Government.

They are killing farmers in the eastern Transvaal, they are attacking South
African businessmen on their way to Maputo, they are making it impossible

[word indistinct] any kind of substantial economic agreement with Mozambique.
Without this economic agreement, the Nkomati accord for South Africa makes no
sense. South Africa abandoned the military strategy but cannot apply an eco-
nomic strategy. So they are in fact in a position of neither peace nor victory,
and this I believe goes against, having observed the situation in the last few
months, it is going against the interests of the South African economy, of the
South African Government, because Mozambique cannot solve the problems of
South Africa (?in terms of a market, Mozambique is not even a market). - But
Mozambique with peace can puild its own infrastructure, and then it can become
a market for some of the products in South Africa and thereby solve some of

the problems which certain industries, certain businessmen, mainly in the
Transvaal, have today. There is an enormous economic crisis in South Africa.

I am making no comparison ith the Mozambican economic crisis, but there is a
crisis in South Africa and they are looking at Mozambique, a lot of these busi-
nessmen are looking at Mozambique, as a way of ‘helping to resolve some of these
problems and without peace, there is no possibility of economic agreement. I
think without peace in Mozambique, there is no raison d'etre for Mkomati
agreement.

[Cook] When it comes to the details of the amnesty being announced, when the
bandits start to lay down their weapons and give themselves up, what is likely
to happen to them?

[Cardoso] I think what will happen is what is already happening. If you
travel throughout the country, you will see lots of ex-bandits living in the
villages or being integrated into state farms.. They are working. Even those
who are detained have not been shot. They are being looked after; they have
been clothed. In fact, it is not easy, for President Samora Machel to announce
an amnesty. I think it takes a figure like Samora Machel to be able to say to
his people: let us forgive these bandits. A weaker leader in a weaker situ~
ation, the people would believe that the leader had finally gone over to the
other side. So, internationally it looks very easy, nationally it is not very
easy for the people of Mozambique to accept that people who are killing, maim-
ing, assaulting them, robbing them, can be forgiven. But this is what I think
the Mozambican Government has done already to 3,000 to 3,500 of them. They
are alive. Some of them, as I said, are living in the villages. So, one
problem that might arise is that those who have committed many crimes in a
specific village, in a specific area would probably want to go to another part
of the country and be reintegrated there but not in their own villages because
they might be scared that the villagers would take revenge on them. What is
important to establish, T think, is that the Mozambican Government is already
forgiving about 3,000 of them, 3,000 to 3,500 of them.

[Cook] | And one final question. The South African Government as a result of

this agreement in Pretoria is again putting itself as the peacemaker of south-
ern Africa. How do you feel about that?

16



As always, there are limits. The key to further success was to convert
aggression into a platform for negotiation to curb the army and unleash the
diplomats. A doctoral thesis awaits the student who can tell how this

was achieved but the indications are that Mr Pik Botha, whose emphatic manner
tends to conceal the visionary fervour and the creativity of his diplomacy,
came into his own.

South African diplomatic activity throughout the region has been intense
and effective but it has also been lucky. For one thing, it has enjoyed
the goodwill and facilitative support of the Reagan administration which
sees in the normalisation of regional relationships its own escape from
responsibility in Southern Africa.

Then too, Africa's misfortune has played a role. Mozambique is an extreme
case of post-colonial disintegration but not an isolated one.

Across the middle of Southern Africa stretches a broad band of misery and
economic failure which has been aggravated, but not caused, by drought.

Tanzania has turned into a basket case since the Arusha Declaration rejected
Western capitalism. The Congo has in some measure fulfilled the cynical
prophecy made 20 years ago by author Stuart Cloete--who knew the country~-
that it would return to the jungle. Angola and Mozambiiqie are torn by war
and Zimbabwe by civil strife. Zambia, as the West Indian author Siva Naipaul
has noted, subsides gently into excesses of booze and rust. The mini-
countries survive only as adjuncts of the South African economy.

Malawi, run by Dr Kamuzu Banda as a kind of private tea estate, is an
exception, and Botswana has done quite well out of honest administration
and mining house investment, but the overall picture is bleak. The colonial
structures, in any event inappropriate, have collapsed, skilled populations
have been eliminated or reduced, and capitalism—which might give such
backward countries a starting point--has been confined to the ventures of
mining houses and little else.

Welfare agencies, as thick as tourists in the south of France, indulge in
charitable work that changes no fundamentals, and the major powers have
managed to shake off the lingering demands of the ex-colonies which they
relinquished as soon as the cost became significantly greater than the
return. The misery of Southern and Central Africa is apt to last well into
the next century.

Nor can South Africa pretend to cure these ills. It can offer some trade to
Mozambique, perhaps enough to provide Maputo with the minimum of foreign

currency required to keep a kind of order at key points; it can offer Lesotho
an income from the sale of water, provided Lesotho makes up its mind quickly.

But in the end, the best to be done for neighbouring states is to draw them

into one, integrated economic region which will spin off a measure of
prosperity in all directions according to market forces. For the black

45



NAUDE FEELS MORE PEOPLE INVOLVED IN UNREST

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Oct 84 p 11

{Article by Susan Pleming]

{Text ]

‘The recent unrest and rejec- :
tion of the.Government by.’
the majority of people in:
South Africa was more wide- |
spread today than during the"
1976 unrest, Dr Beyers
Naude said last night.”

‘Dr: Naude, whose banning
order was lifted last week
after seven years of silence,
said at the 18th annual Ri-
chard Feetham Memorial
lecture ‘at the University of
the’ Witwatersrand: “More
sectors of the black commu-
nity are involved now than in
.1976 and 150 000 students are
boycotting school.

“There is a total rejection
of the government system by
the black community and the:
opposition towards those!
who give support to this sys-;
tem has never been so
clear,” he stressed.

Dr Naude pointed out that
there was a growing convic-
tion among black youth that
problems in this country
could be solved only by
them.

cso: 3400/111

“There is a'growing: wil-
lingness to-risk shooting ‘and
dying — not because they
are martyrs but because
they have concluded that this
may be the inevitable price
they will have to pay for
themselves and for the peo-
ple of South Africa.”

Dr Naude said that, soon,
there would be few people in'
the black:community who!
would dare offer. their ser-’
vices to the Government.

“J have found a disbelief in
the black community that
there is any good in ap-
proaching the Government.
There is'a loss of hope
among the politically aware
and the, socially concerned
black Jeaders.” .

Referring to the recent
lifting of his banning order,
Dr Naude expressed “soli-
darity” with people who
were still in detention or
under banning orders.

90

SOUTH AFRICA

He added that there was |
cause for concern that a
country such as South Africa
was $0 insecure that it need-
ed such stringent security;
intain law

‘ask on what thaky founda-
tions it is building our mn
try ‘and our future. ‘To sus-
tain this kind of system to
maintain Jaw:and order will
eventually lead:to disorder
and destraction,” he stressed.
» Pr Naude:jsaid-he was
troubled that the majority of
‘Afrikaners-had not support-,
ed him during his banning.

“{ am concerned that these
Afrikaners did not under-
stand — and I pity them.
‘They must break away from
prejudice, fear and false se-
curities. But ,if my seven~
year banning could encour-
age them to join the struggle

-T would feel it had: all been

worthwhile,” he'said.



“phe success of the whole new dispensation for local authorities could be
influenced decisively by these revenues."

He also stressed that the new sources of revenue would have to benefit
existing authorities whith will acquire additional responsibilities once
the new constitution gets into gear and central Government obligations
are passed down to local authorities.

"Tt is feared that these obligations could be of such magnitude that it would
totally exhaust the new sources. This matter requires attention because it
is still far from clear what the extent of these new sources will be," Mr
Van Zyl said.

He then called on municipal councitiors-to-famittarise-themselves-with the ~
new constitution as quickly as possible--"0therwise you cannot function
adequately in this dispensation."

He said this year's congress programme would make an important contribution
in this respect.

He added that a manual for the training of councillors was to be compiled
by the Institute of Town Clerks in collaboration with the provinces.
"T think the time has come for this to be started as a matter of urgency.

"In my opinion the new dispensation also demands that a code of conduct
for councillors and officials be drawn up. Views on this often came up
during the past year, also in the Co-ordinating Council.

"Tt will not be a bad idea to follow the example set by the State President
recently when he announced certain ethical rules of conduct for his Cabinet

members."

The Council for the Co-ordination of Local Government Affairs--whose reports
on several aspects of the constitution were released in Pretoria yesterday—-
would have an even bigger role to play in the future as local government
geared itself for the implementation of the new constitution, Mr Van Zyl

said.

The council consists of 120 persons involved in local government affairs.

Mr Van Zyl also made the following points:

--The TMA was disappointed that the Government did not accept recommendations
that only local authorities should be able to initiate free trade areas in
towns and cities.

The TMA believed that local authorities should be able to decide whether
blacks, Indians and coloureds would be allowed to trade in their town and

city centres.

28



ZIMBABWE

NINE COUNTRIES FILL ALLOCATION GAP THROUGH CIPS
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 28 Sep 84 p 21

[Text] Nine different countries have provided Zimbabwe with a total of
over $68 million for the importation of raw materials and capital equipment
between 1982 and 1985, through commodity import programmes (CIPs).

According to a recent report by the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries
(CZI), "over the last year, CIPs have to some extent filled the gap that
is left by the increasingly dwindling foreign exchange allocations. Many
manufacturers have benefited...being able to purchase machinery, spare
parts and raw materials which otherwise would not have been possible."

The countries are: Australia (A$2 million, allocated in 1984),, Belgium
(2$2 million, 1982), Finland (2$2,5 million, 1983/84 plus 2$2.8 million
1984/85), Japan (amount not given, 1984), Switzerland (Z$2 million, 1983/
84/85), Sweden (Z$3,73 million, 1984), UK (2$20 million), USA (us$20
million, 1984) and India (Z$5 million, 1982/83), extended until Septem
ber 1984).

According to the CZI, all the aid, mostly in the form of soft loans, is
generally for the importation of raw materials and/or capital equipment.
Of Australia's donation, 75% has already been committed to Zimbabwe Govern-
ment projects. 2Z$700 000 of Belgium's has still to be used, the C21
reported: "Apparently, the problem has been that the Belgian CIP will
finance 25% of any purchase and the other 75% has to be provided by the
importer in foreign exchange, though the Belgian government is willing to
arrange for a commercial loan from Belgium, to finance the 75%."

National Interest
Finland's Z$2,8 million contribution for 1984/85 is already in force,
the report continues, “and may be used, provided the project is of national

interest."

India's line of credit (Z$5 million) was extended for the 1982/83 financial
year, and then extended until September this year.

163



SOUTH AFRICA

TAIWAN LEADS FOREIGN INVESTORS IN HOMELANDS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 4 Oct 84 p 3

[Article by Mike Jensen]

[Text]

cso:

‘TAIWAN leads the pack of foreign
investors in the homelands, it was re-
vealed in the annual report of the
Board for Decentralisation of Indus-
try released yesterday.
plications by Taiwan with a total
capital investment of R24,9m were ap-
proved by the board for the year to
larch. The . other jor investors
were ihe ‘UK (R21,6m) and Israel

‘The next largest investor was West
Germany (R6,3m), followed by the US
fReom ), Italy (R3,8m) and Hong Kong

2m). The other foreign investors
were Zimbabwe (R2,1m), Peru
(R1,3m), Belgium (R804 000) and Aus-
tralia (R367 000). .

This brings the total foreign invest-
ment to R89m — e: to create
10 967 job opportanit .
Annlysing the applications: ap-
ved, the annual report out
That most industrialists risked to set
sp plants for the manufacture of fab-
ted metal products. About 260 ap-
plications, or 22%, were for industries
this sector.

The second largest category was
clothing and textiles in which 210 ap-

3400/111

128

plications were approved (18%) fol-
lowed by wood ing with 162
' applications (15%) and then food pro-
ducts (153 applications).

The . Decentralisation Board has
been encouraging labour intensive in-
dustries and it believes this policy has

* paid off. :

Smaller projects usually create em-
ployment at a lower unit cost per job
opportunity and of the 1190 applica-

ions approved 62% were in Industries
with ag papel investment of below
R500 000 a proj compared to
in the: previous a

‘th year.
The regional industrial develop-
ment policy aims to concen-

trated development at certain select-
ed points within the various regions
this aim is being achieved to an
increasing degree, the board believes.
Of the applications approved, 59,3%
were for areas which occupied the
highest followed by 17,3% at
other industrial points and 145% at
deconcentration points.

The East London area a) pears to
have been the ‘most favoured | deste
point, attracting 1% -O!
applications. Next was the loemfon-
tein area.



cso:

office within two days, with the
Ghanaian using the name of the
refugee.

‘As soon as the ceremony is over the
German or Dutch national, equipped
with the marriage certificate, returns
home to meet the refugee, to whom he
or she is now officially married. Both
go to the authorities to say they have
been married in London and within 24
‘Hours the Ghanaian can be issued-with:
a Dutch or German passport. The next
step-is arranging a “quickie” divorce.
The passport enables the Ghanaian to
work within the European Community
and to claim social services and
medical benefits.

Detective Chief Inspector William

3400/98

12

Dinnes, in charge of the investigation,
believes police have plugged the loop-
hole, although hundreds of people may
have slipped back to the Continent
earlier this year before the police were
alerted. .
But there are signs that the gang 1s
trying a new trick. Some Ghanaian
women have legally entered Britain for
short-term stays of between one and
three months and then ‘had a marriage
organised with an Englishman or West
‘Indian. 01 -Ghanaiatr woman ac-
quired British citizenship, a divorce
took place. The police have discovered
about half a dozen such cases and are
charging individuals with conspiracy to
contravene immigration regulations.



56



HOUSING MOVES ANGER LEANDRA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Oct 84 p 3M

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

cso:

Scores of families
have been displaced
from their homes
and have erected
temporary shelters
at the edge of the
Eastern Transvaal
township of Leandra
following the start of
an urban renewal
scheme.

The Leandra Action
Committee has reacted
angrily to the develop-
ment, asking why the fa-
milies have not been ac-
commodated in newly
built houses that are
standing empty.

“Why do some resi-
dents of Leandra get
houses and others not?
They dre dividing fami-
lies. If there were three
families in one old house,
only the permit holder
gets a new house and the
lodgers are forced to put
up shacks at the bus
rank,” LAC chairman Mr
Abel Nkabinde said at a
residents’ meeting on
Sunday.

About 200 residents re-
solved that they would
not move when notified
to do so by the officials,
but would take legal ac-

3400/1121

tion to defend them-
selves.

Several speakers from
the floor asked how they
could move into new
houses and shrug off their
families who had been
living with them.

The selective rehous-
ing has caused suspicion
that the Government still
plans to move certain fa-
milies to kwaNdebele de-
spite an exceptional writ-
ten assurance given ear-
lier this year by Pretoria
that all present residents
would be rehoused in the

“township — even if they

did not have permanent
urban rights.

UNDERTAKING

Commenting on the
shifting of families to
shacks, the director of
housing of the Highveld
Development Board at
Witbank, Mr G Ober-
holzer, reiterated the un-
dertaking of no remov-
als to kwaNdebele.

Any moves at this
stage were temporary
and were purely related
to the renewal scheme,
he said.

But the LAC insists
there are several factors
which arouse suspicion:

@ It was said by the de-
velopment board that the

125

SOUTH AFRICA

new houses would be
given to people who
earned R150 or less a
month. But several
wealthier people, includ-
ing community council-
lors, have got new homes,
it alleges.

@ People are given notes
to come to the local de-
velopment board offices
within three days. Offi-
cial notice forms, which
mention. contraventions
of the law and legal pro-
ceedings are used as note
paper. A lawyer at the
meeting clarified that the
letter did not constitute
official notice and could
not be used to force evic-
tions. .

@At the development
board office, residents
were asked to hand over
the keys to their old
homes, were allocated
new homes and — in
most cases — were told
their lodgers would have
to erect shacks near the
bus rank..In many cases
these lodgers were mar-
ried children or siblings
of the permit holder.

The LAC demanded to
know when serviced sites
— promised by the board
to those who were not
elegible for housing —
would materialise.



STUDENT BODIES REFUSE TO DECIDE ON BOYCOTT ISSUE

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Oct 84 p 3

{Text ]

cso:

3400/111 |

een (eames rs es
ne a

in deciding whethe
schools boycott should cone

Mr Kubela Lengane, pub-
licity secretary of Azasm,
said the decision had to be
taken by the community at
joint meetings of pupils and

Pete was because the coun-
icc
ites, but to comma af-

fairs in the to

Mr Tihabane re Mogan,
national
said the students had to tae
cide for themselves what to

do.
“We ‘cannot decide for
them, but we will give them
.” he said.

support, .
statements came in
‘the wake of confusion about
who had called for the pre-
sent b boycott of schools in So-
we
Mr Mogashoa said several
‘Cosas members were boy-
getting schools in Soweto, but

what orga pupils asa whole
decided.

the stu-
dents’ demands to the De-
partment of Education and

He sid Cosas was con-
cerned about the attack
made on it last week by the
Minister of Law and Order,

Mr
Azasm meeting in Soweto on

109

Friday, pupils Doyo acon

Fei smeared ipils
rents was held. Te ice meet-

ig is today and the effective-
ness of boycotts at the pre-
sent stage ‘will be assessed.

Lengane stressed that

pupils returned to school it
we ould be to re-evaluate the
situation and adopt an alter-
native strategy in the class-
room, which would be just as
effective as boycotts.

He said Azasm supported
othe stayawa of 93 000 pupils
in the Vaal because

le,
their demands were legiti-

mate.
Pupils ed not to re-
turn rents

g thelr soldaity wilt 1c
ing their soliaity wit
Jow students who by virtue of
being arrested, are incapable
of going-to school,” he said.
Mr Lengane said pupils’
demands ‘the

for student councils
and the abolition of the age
limit regulation had been
made “for some time”,

“We can safely infer from
of the De-

the int
dnoation and
Frag ng that these demands
ly to continue.”
ve advised the Minister of
Education and Training, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, to make
“Jevel-headed” decisions
response 1 to these demands,
had the potential either
to ay avate or to pave the
‘situation.

SOUTH AFRICA



SOUTH AFRICA

LIVES OF INDUSTRIAL 'SPIES' THREATENED
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Oct 84 p 2M

[Article by Fiona Macleod]

[Text]

The “cloak and dagger”
operations of undercover
agents who infiltrate in-
dustrial and retail busin-
esses and “spy” on staff
members. have become
the subject of an urgent
application in the Rand
Supreme Court. ;

The application was
brought by two companies
which call themselves
“stock loss controllers”,
after a competitor had al-
legedly been endangering
the lives of their agents by
“blowing their cover”.

In an affidavit filed by
Mr Errol Ninow on be-
half of the two companies
— Alex Gintan Associates
and Hamilton Whitton and
Associates, both based at
Tigrade House, Kerk
Street, Johannesburg — it
was revealed that the
stock Joss control business
involved placing under-
cover agents in com-
panies, stores and fac-
tories.

cso: 3400/111

Agents report on prob-
lems in the businesses —
concentrating on political
activity and theft — at
weekly “de-briefing ses-
sions”.

PROSECUTION

These reports include
suggestions for prosecu-
tion of the culprits, traps
and follow-up operations.

“The two companies
employ about 60 staff and
they serve several hun-
dred clients throughout
South Africa. In one case,
they had up to 24 agents

_ working for one of their

clients,” said Mr Ninow,
who is the sole proprietor
of Alex Gintan Associates
and a majority sharehold-
er in Hamilton Whittan.
The companies applied
for an interdict against
Mr A Scholtz and his
Randburg partnership,
Cannon and Associates,
after he allegedly ap-
proached some of their
agents and attempted to

11i

entice them away from
the companies’ employ.

Mr Ninow said Mr
Scholtz was formerly em-
ployed by his companies
as a security manager for
one of their major clients
and later as the opera-
tions manager, recruiting,
training and placing their
agents.

After various staff
members threatened to
leave because of Mr
Scholtz, he was fired in
June.

Mr Ninow said two
agents had disappeared
after they had been ap-
proached by Mr Scholtz
since he was fired, and he
feared that the lives of
other agents would be jeo-
pardised by his actions.

The application was
Postponed to October 30
after Mr Scholtz and his
partnership gave the un-
dertaking not to contact
or interfere with the com-
panies’ staff pending the
outcome of the case.



Briefs
Skok Doubles Turnover 141
First Welding Robot 141
Flame-Proofed Vehicles 141
Ciskei Forces 141
Howick Indians Threatened 142
Transkei Project 142
CAD Use High 142
Sezela Sugar Plant 143
Unit Trusts Outflow 143
Earnings Freeze Possible 144
Vanadium Plant Effluent 144
AECI Boiler First 144
Maize Industry Difficulties . 144
Snubbed Tourism Delegates 145
Simba Boycott Backed | 145
Methodists' New Leader 146
TANZANIA
Briefs .
New Postal Union HQ 147
ZAMBIA

Botswana Firm Wins Important Geological Survey Contract
(THE GUARDIAN, 5 Oct 84) ....ceeeeeeeeeceeeecsceescrencccees 148

Cooperation With Japan Examined
(Wellington Kalwisha; ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 1 Oct B84) ..cceeeee 149

Reserved Minerals Corporation Earnings From Emeralds
(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 28 Sep 84)..-seseeeeserccseeseeesereese 153

More Lead, Zinc for Local Markets
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 28 Sep BA) cc eceeccccccecereeeeeeces 155

Plans To Turn Economy From Copper to Agriculture
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 5 Oct BA) wcrc cece eeccceceenererecee 156

ZIMBABWE

Minister of State Comments on Security Situation
(Tim Chigodo; THE HERALD, 2 Oct 84).....seseeseeescrereeees 158

Alarm Over Continuing Security Cooperation With RSA
(Michael Hartnack; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Oct B4)....eseeeeeees 160

ZAPU Wins at Municipal Elections
(Michael Hartnack; RAND DAILY MAIL, 9 Oct B4)...ceeeeeeeees 162



SOUTH AFRICA

NP BENEFITS FROM LOSS OF RIGHT-WINGERS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Oct 84 p7
[Article by David Braun]

[Text].

This week’s National Party Transvaal Con-
gress at Alberton demonstrated that in
spite of problems with the right wing, the

ty remains the province's biggest, rie
chest and most powerful political organi-

sation.

The loss of right wing whites to the Con-
servative Party appears to have left the
Nats a more cohesive and contented lot.

In contrast to congresses in recent
years, this one made hardly any mention of
the Conservative Party. .

The more than 1200 delegates were ob-
viously more ‘verlig’, expressing concern
about homeland development and the qual-
ity of life of all races.

‘There was also applause when the Min-
ister of Co-operation and Development, Dr
Gerrit Viljoen, described South Africa’s
black communities as one of the country’s
biggest assets.

‘But in spite of these changes, the party’s
concern primarily for white interests
showed often as Ministers assured troubled
delegates that separate development, sepa-
rate education and white survivial were
still inviolable party policy.

A strange note was sounded when the
NP Transvaal leader, Mr F W de Klerk,
who was unanimously re-elected, made a
scathing attack on certain unidentified
newspapers who, he said, had accused him
of “shunning” English-speakers.

“What utter nonsense,” said Mr de Klerk
and referred to the ‘ing numbr of Eng-
‘lish-speakers holding high office in the
party and Government.

88

His remarks have been interpreted by
observers as intending to discredit the
Conservative Party which has also been
making overtures to English voters recent-

English-speakers were in fact much in
evidence at the congress. Mrs Sheila Ca-
merer, the new MPC for Rosettenville,
spent a lot of time smiling and greeting
other delegates.

Another new Enlgish star was Mr Issy
Pinshaw from Houghton, a newly appoint-
ed member of the President's Council, who
jumped to his feet early in the proceedings
to make his “maiden speech”. -

A major part of the proceedings was do-
minated by the delegates’ concern for the
South African economy and the deteriorat-
ing quality of life.

Delegates rattled on about inflation, un-
employment, the weak rand, the plight of
pensioners and the need to change the tax-
ation system.

“Veteran tax campaigner Mrs Adele van
der Spuy popped up to make her standard
plea for separate taxation of married
women, then did not wait for Finance Min-
ister Mr Barend du Plessis’s standard

reply.

Mr du Plessis told the congress a final
decision on the matter could be expected
next year. But he warned that if separate
taxation was introduced the average mar-
ried taxpayer would probably have to pay
more tax.


SIGNIFICANCE OF LENASIA ELECTIONS STUDIED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY EXPRESS in English 7 Oct 84 p 15

[Article by Ameen Akhalwaya]

[Text]

AT ELECTION time, white party of-
ficials say in jest: “Stem vroeg, stem
dikwels (vote early, vote often).”

— in a different
Lenasia, the Indian sub-
urb 32km south-west of Johannesburg.

* At the end of the month, residents are

scheduled to vote — or boycott —
another round of elections, the tl

years.

‘This time, their vote — or boycott
—— will be solicited for the Lenasia
management committee elections,

six weeks ago, they were
called on to vote for the first tri-
vote in the first and last elections for
the disbanded SA Indian Council.

‘The institutional set-up in Lenasia

is curious: the older extensions of the
township are part of the Jobannes-

is ponsibl of the
Se of reaps Beane
ment, Minconesiare are the neal

sabato 1 Pert chev a have any ti

inte cv far of they Hl

Lenasia management committee
GMO) eataty ae advisory body to
the Johannesburg city council on mat-
ters affecting the Indian group area.

33

No demand

‘That 1s why there fs little voter-
interest in it, and why there has been
no demand for LMC elections. In fact,

detention of black consciousness
leader Steve Biko a few months earli-

er, Ba) that to change “the
item" witinbad proved frus-
fra

LM twice been ,
with some of its members resigning
in-between and others nominated to


ZAMBIA

RESERVED MINERALS CORPORATION EARNINGS FROM EMERALDS
Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 28 Sep 84 p 9

[Text] The Reserved Minerals Corporation (RMC) has sold 20 kilogrammes of
emeralds valued at K1.2 million in foreign exchange, a spokesman disclosed
in Lusaka yesterday.

The spokesman said that his corporation marketed the emeralds on behalf of
Nkuralu Gem Prospecting Company Limited. . The sale was conducted at RMC head
offices in Lusaka from September 10 to 14.

Twenty international emeralds dealers from South Africa, Europe, USA and
India attended the sale. The spokesman explained that the emeralds which
were good in quality netted K1,199,612. Payment will be in USA Dollars
amounting to 619,000 US dollars.

Most of the payment has already been made and letters of credit have been
opened for.the remaining stones. The spokesman explained that RMC expects
to receive the outstanding payment soon. Shipment of the emeralds which
has been paid for, has started, he said.

The spokesman could not comment on the progress being made by the newly
formed Kagem Limited which has assumed emeralds mining responsibilities from
RMD.

Last year, RMC earned K380,000 in foreign exchange from the sale of 70kg
of emeralds in the first auction to be held in Zambia.

RMC managing director, Mr Winner Matongo then told Business Mail that the
auction was experimental. Last year's sale was attended by foreign emeralds
dealers coming from the same countries which were represented this month.

RMC is the sole government authorised Zambian emeralds marketing company.
Meanwhile, more than 2,800 tonnes of uncured coffee worth K1.41 million, were
last year smuggled out of Bukoba in Kagera region, western Tanzania, the
Tanzanian news agency Shihata reported on Wednesday.

It quoted regional commissioner Nsas Kaisa as saying that smuggling took
place because the Tanzania Coffee Authority (TCA) delayed buying the

153



"UNCLEAR' LABOR LAWS IRK SEIFSA

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Oct 84 p 8

[Article by David Furlonger]

[Text]

UNCERTAINTY over the legal
definition of unfair labour
practices is hampering the de-
velopment of industrial rela-
tions, it was claimed yesterday.

Mr JW Nelson, president of the

were still serious problems.

‘The Industrial Court was causing
widespread debate with its increasing-
ly prominent role in the industrial re-
Jations field, while there remained

widespread ignorance of what consti- :

tuted an unfair labour practice.
-“The uncertainty ariaing out of the
eo et entire
ice employers in the
Bonduct of their astral Telations.

“Tt is im nt that a formula be
found whereby the court can assist in
ensi fair employment practices
without directly involved in
both the structure and practice of col-
lective bargaining.”

Mr Nelson was addressing Seifsa’s
annual meeting in Johannesburg.

He said increasing fragmentation of
the trade union movement
breakaway groups made it difficult
for employers to maintain stable bar-
gaining and consultation arrange-

120

He rejected claims that this could
be overcome by fragmenting existing
collective bargaining arrangements
within industrial councils.

“It is difficult to see how this could
function on a practical basis. This
would, in fact, lead to a highly unsta-

ble business environment which would

make long-term investment in the

metal industries unattractive.”
Mr Nelson said metal industry em-
ployers had ‘ienced a difficult

year in the labour relations field.
He criticised the rejection by the
Metal and Allied Workers’ Union and
SA Boilermakers’ Society of wage rise
offers ranging from 9,1% and 13,1%.
He said they rejected the deal because
of the minimum wage for lower-paid

employees.
othe severe recessionary conditions
limited the ability of the employers to
meet the aspirations of trade
unions. Employers face a serious di-
Jemma in that major increases in
wages in this area must lead to further
fuction in employment levels at a
time when unemployment is already

. Mr Nelson expressed concern at the
dec! number of aj tices en-
tering the metal indus! ies. The 1983
apprentice intake was 35% down on
1982, confirming the inadequacy of a
system in which on-the-job training
P

aye so important a role.
en the establishment of a Metal
Industry Training Centre had earned



SOUTH AFRICA

SUGAR INDUSTRY OPTS FOR TWO-TIER PRICING SYSTEM
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Oct 84 p 10M
[Article by Stan Kennedy]

[Text] The South African sugar industry is well on its way to concluding
plans for introducing a two-tier marketing system designed to help the
industry overcome its strapped financial position.

A combination of adverse weather and an extremely depressed world sugar
market has resulted in the industry falling R327 million into debt.

To help protect its viability, last year it proposed setting up a multipool
system of marketing, a three-tier system being suggested initially.

But, says Mr Glyn Taylor, managing director of C.C. Smith Sugar, it was
found this would be too unwieldy.

The industry is now close to putting the finishing touches to the structure
of a two-tier system.

The "A" protected pool would handle the marketing of the 1,3 million tons
required annually for the local market and 500,000 tons for export.

The remaining 500 000 tons, normally available for export in an average
production year, would go into the "B" pool--whose stocks would not enjoy
any form of price protection.

These stocks would be sold at the best export price available--whether at
a loss, as at present, or at a profit if the world price recovered.

The idea would be that producers would get a guaranteed minimum price for
sugar supplied to the "A" pool which would cover at least costs and a
fair return on capital.

Despite the 12,5 percent increase granted recently to the industry by the
Government, a shortfall of R190 million is expected again this year.

But this is somewhat theoretical as it represents a shortfall against both
costs and a fair return on capital.

95



Bid To End Dispute at Simba Quix

EFFORTS to resolve the dis-
pute between the Sweet,

and Allied Workers
Union and Simba Quix are
continuing after the company
and the union met on

day. :

The dispute has sparked
off a boycott of Simba pro-
ducts.

Mr Jan du Toit, managing
of Simba Quix, sait
this week’s meeting was a
ary to a meeting to
held next Tuesday.
At this meeting they would
try to resolve the dispute.
‘A spokesman for the union
—an affiliate of the Feder-
ation of South African Trade
Unions (Fosatu) — said yes-
terday the boycott would not
be called off until there was a
settlement.

.A PAY-deal pusting up the
‘minimum wage of workers
by 103% has been signed
between the Metal and Al-
ihe onan Union
wu) ai jo Ameri-

can’s Scrap Iron.
‘The settlement — which
covers 400 workers — fol-
lows the declaration of a
by Mawu against

A Mawu statement fol-

1 the settlement said
the union had now a to
withdraw its application
for a conciliation board
after two months of “tense
negotiations”.

e agreement means a
rise from R0,85 to 'R1,73,
wwhich_ is an increase of

Mawu Deals Out Increases for Workers

36

The union is demanding
the reinstatement of
workers fired at Simba’s
Ente re
wor! wugust in at

ers.

Mr Du Toit sald Tuesday's
‘meeting had simply been an
exchange ‘of viewpoints and
bir not meant to be conclu-

ive.

our directors

officials agreed to go back to
their executive with the dif-
ferent viewpoints which
‘were expressed at Tuesday’s

hopeful that a
settlement to the dispute is
possible,” Mr Du Toit added.
‘He would not say what ex-
actly had been offered and
discussed at the meeting.

meeting.
“T remain