The Chairman's visit strengthens the historical and social links which stretch
across the Atlantic and confirms the solidarity of all peoples seeking a
just and dignified future.

No doubt whilst the Chairman was promoting solidarity abroad, he was
confident of the solidarity and the capability and commitment of his team
at home,

CSO: 3400/2038

55



with the new political order of things for the other population groups and
trying to derive political advantage from this are therefore maliciously
intentioned and are fishing in dry ground.

Putting into effect the policy of separate development is a long term
project. Problems which arise along the way must not simply be regarded as
evidence that the policy has failed.

While the government acknowledges that there is a great deal of work ahead
the success which has already been attained must also be noticed. Not
counting the four states that are already independent and a fifth one which
is rapidly on the way to independence, I am also convinced that the remaining
national states are administratively and economically better off than many
other African countries.

I can hardly imagine what the situation would be in this country today if
the government had failed to give form to the homelands policy. Can you
imagine what the situation would have been if the leaders of all ten states
had been left without a platform for each of them which they have used to
represent their people?

From the political point of view the homelands policy is a gigantic success.
The economic development of these regions must, however, get more active
attention.

But the government is also active in this area and is launching the
appropriate special actions. The Development Bank should satisfy many of
the needs and the District Commission collaboration, as announced during
the Good Hope deliberations resulting in the division of the country into
development districts, is giving thorough consideration to the appropriate
political development of the various national groups in the country.

7964
cso: 3401/99"

lig



GHANA

NDC RETAINS CONTROL OVER DEFENSE COMMITTEES
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 24 Jul 84 p 1

[Text] No organization or individual outside the NDC structure has the
Power to dissolve any Defence Committee or remove its executives, or in any
way claim direct supervision over Defence Committee matters.

The Defence Committees are organizations with clear boundaries and all
problems within them could be discussed only within the framework of the
Defence Committee itself or within the Co-ordinating structure of the NDC.

These were contained in a statement issued by the Ministry of Information
in Accra yesterday.

Any person or group of persons with complaints against a Defence Committee
or its members should report the matter to either the Zonal, District or
Regional Defence Committee Secretariats, the statement directed.

It noted that two years after the emergence of the Defence Committees, a
pattern of problems had emerged, regarding Internal organization of WDCs
and elections.

Section 3(b) of the Guidelines on the organization of WDCs, according to
the statement, stipulated that "in large work places with distinct depart-
ments, any department with 10 or more workers may form its own WDC and a
Co-ordinating Committee shall be set up to co-ordinate the departmental
WDCs within the establshment."

It explained that the provision for departmental WDCs, where they could be
set up in accordance with the guidelines, was not aimed at frangmenting
the front of WDCs, by creating several independent and competing WDCs.
Rather, it was aimed at building a structure of the WDC to enhance its
democratic character and improve its effectiveness.

The statement directed that henceforth, the election and re-election of WDC
executives should be preceded by departmental WDC elections with two of the
departmental officers, namely co-ordinator and secretary, joining the
Co-ordinating Committee.

21



ZIMBABWE

SOUTH AFRICAN CORRESPONDENT ANALYZES ISSUES DISCUSSED AT CONGRESS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Aug 84 p 10

{Article by Robin Drew:

[Text]

The face that Mr Robert Mugabe,
Prime Minister of Zimbabwe, is
presenting to the nation in this week
of the mammoth congress of his rul-
ing Zanu (PF) party is that of an
earnest marxist missionary.

Mr Mugabe is never happier than
when he is painstakingly explaining
to. his interviewers that socialism
has a powerful moral appeal for
him. By emphasising the sharing
among the people of the natural re-
sources of the country, the. philoso-
phy that he wants everyone to em-
brace emphasises the selfless ap- :
proach as opposed to the selfish in-
dividualism of the followers of capi-
talism.

Mr Mugabe’s problem, however,
is to find enough people who under-
stand what he is talking about. |

When he was asked how socialism |
could succeed when there appeared !
to be only one committed socialist
— himself — he spoke of the small
beginnings of any project. j

“We will start with a core of the!
committed few,” he said. But he ac-
cepted that even among the leader-
ship of his own party, which is to
adopt scientific socialism as its
guiding ideology, there were people
who did not not support or even un-
derstand the concept .

In marxist terms, socialism is the
first phase of communism. Under
socialism, marxists believe that pri-
vate ownership of the means of pro-
duction must be replaced by public
ownership, that power must belong

145

“Marxist Missionary in Search of An Audience"]

to the working people and that a na-
tionally planned and managed econ-
omy wil] put an end to economic
crises, poverty and exploitation.

Mr Mugabe has said that while
there are different roads to social-
ism, there is only one genuine prod-
uct and that is socialism of the
marxist-leninist variety.

In the whole of Africa, even
though it is 25 years since the col-
lapse of colonial began, not one
country is ruled by a party recog-
nised as “communist” in Soviet
terms.

The authoritative check list of
communist parties published in
“Problems of Communism”, a US
Government publication, lists only
five countries in Africa ruled by
parties which are regarded by Mos-
cow as “vanguard revolutionary
democratic” bodies. These are par-,
ties deemed by Russia as ones most
likely to evolve into fully fledged,
communist parties. J

Those countries are Benin, Congo,
Ethiopia, Angola and Mozambique
— hardly a-triumph for the spread
of marxist-leninist ideas.

The other concept which will be
pushed hard at this week’s congress
is the move to a one-party state,
something which Mr Mugabe's fol-
lowers find easier to grasp. Once
again he has adopted a crusading
attitude and said recently that the
one-party system was a “religion”
for him.



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Headlines, éditorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques~
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
iten originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY NOTES HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DISINVESTMENT
MB130742 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 13 Aug 84
[Station commentary: "The Effects of Disinvestment"]

[Text] It is ironic that, at a time when more realism exists in Africa about
relations with South Africa, overseas clamor for disinvestment from South
Africa should be at its height. In an address to the South African Institute
of International Affairs in Pretoria last week, the deputy minister of foreign
affairs, Mr Louis Nel, disclosed that all but four nations onthe African conti-
nent maintained economic relations with South Africa. Without exception, he
said, all South Africa's neighbors rejected sanctions and were seeking increased
benefits from closer economic association with the republic.

Whatever the reasons for it, Africa's dire economic straits, compounded by
prolonged drought in muchof the continent, has led to a reevaluation by African
governments of their relations with the West and South Africa. In Kiicoyp
Africa in particular, this spirit of realism has resulted in cooperation agree-
ments between South Africa and neighboring states. This realism has been born
not of approval of one another's internal policies, but of the desire to nor-
malize relations in the interest of the economic welfare of the region.

The economic interdependence of the subcontinent is an inescapable fact. South
Africa has rightly been described as Africa's superpower. As such, it is well
placed to fulfill its role as a catalyst for development in the region and
beyond. Conversely, should South Africa's economy be damaged by outside forces,
it will have a devastating effect on the well-being of the entire subcontinent.

More than 2 years ago, the OAU said in a report that successful economic sanc-
tions against South Africa would unleash a tidal wave of trouble that would
destroy the economies of South Africa's neighbors--Lesotho, Botswana, Swaziland,
Mozambique, Zimbabwe, and even others further afield such as Zambia, Zaire,

and Malawi. South Africa cannot fulfill its economic role in Southern Africa
without foreign investment. Economic development is dependent on foreign
investment, which in turn is dependent on political stability. It is this
whole interreaction that will be broken if the overseas campaign succeeds.

These are the realities that the advocates of disinvestment from South Africa
will have to consider.

cso: 3400/2039

115



vital that any service personnel who will compromise his or her position
will be ruthlessly dealt with. He warned that those who join the service
with the sole aim of making quick money should back out now or be prepared
to face disgraceful consequences. He hoped the training they had received
had armed them with the requisite military discipline which will assist
them to succeed in their chosen career. Col Kpeto urged them to strive hard
to salvage the image of the service which has come under severe public
criticism. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Jul 84 p 8]

TEN TOWN COUNCILS--Ten towns within the West Akim District in the Eastern
Region are to be created as town councils in accordance with the government's
decentralisation policy. Hopefully all will be inaugurated before the end
of September this year, Major E.0. Bampoe, West Akim District Secretary,
informed the "Graphic" at Asamankese at the week-end. The towns are Adeiso,
Mepom, Asamankese, Osenase and Akwatia. The rest are Kade, Asuom, Prankese,
Akyem, Techiman and Akyem Wenchi. Major Bampoe said members for the Kade,
Mepom and Adeiso councils had already been elected at popular gatherings.
The PNDC decentralisation programme which was introduced during the latter
part of 1982 aims at creating a new democracy in Ghana that will bring about
greater efficiency and productivity in the state machinery through the
dnvolvement and effective participation by the people at all levels in
administration. Basic features of the new plan is the creation of three-tier
system of administrative structure consisting area/town/village councils,
district councils and regional councils. With regard to the establishment
of village and area councils in the West Akim District, Major Bampoe said
the release of the recent country-wide census figures was being awaited to
enable the district office to demarcate properly its numerous settlements.
He emphasised that for the people to feel the impact of the decentralisation
programme, all measures would be taken to ensure that greater part of what—
ever revenue would come from a particular area remained there for develop-
ment. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Jul 84 p 8]

TWEAPEASE D-PROJECTS--The chiefs and people of Akyem-Tweapease in the Birim
District, Eastern Region, are undertaking self-help projects estimated at
¢2.5 million. The money for the projects is being raised through contribu-
tions of ¢100 per male and £50 per female at Tweapease and in other surround-
ing villages. Those around Tweapease have been roped in since they will
benefit from the projects when they are completed. Disclosing this to the
"Graphic" at the weekend during a visit to the town, the Odikro of Tweapease,
Nii Lante Awau, said projects envisaged include a rural bank, a health centre
with a maternity block and school blocks. Meanwhile, he said, the people
are concentrating on the health centre since the "health of the people must
come first." The Secretary to the Town Development Committee, Mr Anyetei
Sowa, appealed to organisations and individuals to supply roofing sheets

and nails to the people. On his part, the local PDC secretary, Mr Anthony
Ayida, appealed for urgent supply of essential commodities including cut-
lasses, clothing, soap and school uniforms for their children. [Text]

[Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 13 Jul 84 p 8]

64



MOZAMBIQUE

SOCIALIST EMULATION CAMPAIGN IN SOFALA EXPLAINED
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 11 Jul 84 pp 8-9
[Article by Francisco Muianga]

{Text] Beginning this year, the practice of socialist
emulation, whose basic objective is to increase production
and productivity among producers and stimulate their desire
to work and appreciate its value, will undergo a change
with respect to both the company and the workers.

However, it will not be a matter of altering the basic
characteristics of that practice but rather of improving
the practice. For this reason, it will particularly
concentrate on the conditions of each company, independent
of its position in the country’s economy.

In an interview granted to our newspaper, Paulo Sarmento, secretary of the
provincial council of the OTM [Mozambican Labor Organization] for Socialist
Emulation and Economic Affairs, broaches some of the aspects relating to
this subject.

"This year, all companies wishing to participate in the emulation campaign
must first present their plan of activities for this purpose. This is to
be done on the basis of their conditions, which implies discussion with the
workers in general.

"Before the creation of the OTM," Paulo Sarmento pointed out, "and, to be
precise, ever since the creation of the production councils in 1976, companies
have not done this."

Continuing, he said that some activity sectors held celebrations which later
proved to have negative results in that no money remained after the purchase
of awards; the deficit then had to be absorbed by the company, sometimes at
a loss of profits.

There are also production units which have never achieved their goals but

which, each year, put on a socialist emulation campaign. In this case,
the best are stimulated in the (non)fulfillment of the plan.

75



GHANA

INFORMATION OFFICIAL ON NATION'S SEARCH FOR POLITICAL SYSTEM
Acera PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 24, 25 Jul 84
[24 Jul 84 p 3]

{Two-part interview with Joyce Aryee, PNDC Information Secretary, by Cyril
Acolatse "recently" during a visit to the FRG]

[Text] Cyril Acolatse: I will like to start on a traditional note by
asking you your reason for being here in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Joyce Aryee: Well, I am here first and foremost to interact with officials
whose work relate to the Ministry of Information, as well as to meet some
media people, share some ideas with them and also have an interaction with
the Ghanaian community, student, non-student alike and also to share some
ideas with them.

CA: So obviously you have met a section of the Ghanaian community here.
What was your message to them?

JA: I spent a little time explaining the new political structures that
we have in Ghana. As you well know, since December 31, 1981 we have a
revolution and the purpose of the revolution is to set in motion institu-
tional structures, political, economic and social that will be more
relevant to our developmental needs.

As a former colonial country, I think we have adopted systems that are not
always relevant for us. So we believe that now we should adapt to such
systems, put in a bit of our own traditional institutions and move forward.
Because, as a potentialy rich country we have no business being in the kind
of situation we are in now.

System

CA: So Minister (Secretary) Aryee, is it possible by now to identify what
sort of political system Ghana is committed to?

JA: I will say that we are still in the process of finding what best system

we can practise. At the moment we have an informal democratic structure
through the Defence Committees. I am saying informal because the Defence

ll



TUMAHOLE TOWNSHIP UNREST ANALYZED

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR/REVIEW in English 21 Jul 84 pp 1, 2

[Article by Revelation Ntoula]

[Text]

ERY little was known about the tiny, dusty

black township of Tumahole near the Free
State dorp of Parys until this week when vio-
lence erupted in the area.

In conventional black thinking today, the
mere fact of the township being situated in the
Free State has the effect of lumping the Tuma-
hole residents together with those from whom
little or nothing could be expected in the way of
the “liberation struggle”.

The recent civic upheavals, prompted by a
rent increase on houses owned by the Tumahole-
Town Council, and coupled with a general in-
crease in service charges like garbage and
night-soil removal, suddenly attracted country-
wide attention to the sleepy town of Parys and
its sister township, Tumahole.

Tumahole which is situated 35km from the
comparatively well-off black townships of Sebo-
keng and Sharpeville near Vereeniging, is some-
thing of an island, economically and socio-poli-
tically.

Economically because by sheer accident the
township is situated in the Orange Free State
where black wages are substantially lower than
in the neighbouring Transvaal.

The Tumahole residents are painfully aware
of the wage discrepancy.

They are also aware that influx control laws
do not permit them to market their labour in
the more profitable areas of the Transvaal. That
they have no choice but to be content with the
“Vrystaat” wages.

FOUR DAYS OF VIOLENCE

SATURDAY: Some 12000 residents gather
at an anti-rent incresse rally to seek explana-
tion for the enforced increases. Councillors ref-
use to attend the meeting and this angers the
residents who demand that the councillors be
brought to their meeting. Police follow,the
march to the councillor’s residenses and order
the protestors to disperse,

SATURDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT:
A violent clash between the police and resi-
dents flares up. The police use teargas and
charge the marchers with sjamboks. The situa-
tion deteriorates at night and more teargas is
used while a block of flats belonging to one of
the councillors, Mr Daniel Hlalele is gutted and
looted. The disturbances continue into the
night.

SUNDAY MORNING: Police arrested many
people on various offences, but the disturbances
continue, with more teargassing.

124

SUNDAY NIGHT: More violent clashes occur
and among others, Mr Bonakele Ngalo is ar-
rested and taken into custody, but is later re-
ported to have died in a cell.

MONDAY: It is relatively quiet in the morn-
ing but trouble flares up again after some 1 000
students are ordered home by their principals.
Stone-throwing begins and the police are once-
more forced to use teargas. More people are
arrested.The situation gets worse in the after-
noon and the police get re-inforcements.

TUESDAY: A number of civic leaders includ-
ing the chairman of the the Tumahole Civic
Association and that of the Students Movement,
are detained for questioning. Another violent
clash occurs with the police during the night
and more teargas is fired. The situation calms
down as word spreads that the leaders had been
released by the police.



COMMENTARY ON 'UNUSED' CAHORA BASSA

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Aug 84 p 1-

[Editorial:

[Text]

cso:

3400/2107

LIKE an eerie monument to
Africa’s intransigence, the
massive power installations of

‘Cahora Bassa stand silent in
‘the Mozambican bush: ready to

go but unused. For nearly a

_ year no electricity has reached

the project’s major client,
South Africa, because of the
continuing activities of the

MNR rebels. Some. 20 power:

pylons are sabotaged and be-
cause of the lack of adequate
military protection, no techni-
cians will travel to repair the
lines. This despite the Nkomati
Accord four months ago, which
among other objectives was
supposed to get the Cahora
power flowing again.

Implicit in the accord were

mutual curbs on the activities

of ANC guerillas and the MNR.
The MNR part of that bar-
gain has evidently. not worked.
Strong rebel detachments have
been rampaging with increas-
ing boldness through most
parts of Mozambique. Nobody
seems to know when the power
lines will be repaired. With its
turbines ticking over at only
0,5 percent of capacity, Cahora
Bassa remains one of Africa’s
great white elephants.

130

"The Mystery of the Missing Power"]

It also represents one of
Africa’s great mysteries. If
Pretoria has indeed “cut off
the water” of the MNR, who is
funding and supplying it?
Where are its strategic bases?
Is its momentum taking time
to wind down or is it possible,‘
as Mozambican sources sug-
gest, that “some South African
sectors” opposed to Nkomati :
and the Botha policies still
maintain clandestine links? If
so, how easily or otherwise can
these be concealed; and why
doesn’t Pretoria take appropri- ,
ate action to stop the subver- ,
sion of its foreign policy? :

There are more questions:
than answers. More to the;
point perhaps are reports from"
Europe (fiercely denied by Ma-
puto) of peace talks between
Frelimo and the MNR. The
years of colonialism and war
in Africa have left some obsti- :
nate hangovers of violent dissi-
dent interests, The pragma-
tism. of survival may require a
country in Mozambique’s par-
lous state to make the occa-'
sional improbable deal in
order to free itself from their
grip. Nkomati itself was one
such bargain, after all.


the depression was about five feet below sea level an inland sea which would
form in the event of Ghana's inability to protect Keta from the sea, would
easily submerge the entire area. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English

26 Jul 84 p 1]

AJUMAKO-AFRANSI DEVELOPMENT~-A five-year plan estimated at ¢2 million hag
been launched at Ajumako-Afransi in the Central Region. The launching
ceremony which coincided with the inauguration of the local youth association
formed part of activities marking this year's Akwambo festival of the people.
According to Mr Joe Abban, vice-chairman of the association, projects envis-
aged under the plan include construction of street drains and culvers, KVIP
toilets and a public bathhouse. Others are renovation of the Local Authority
Primary School ‘block and provision of furniture for the school. Mr Abban
said the projects would be undertaken by the people through self-help as
well as contributions of ¢200 a man and ¢100 a.woman. The chief of the

town, Nana Kwaw Anoma II, called for co-operation and understanding among

the youth, PDCs and the elders of the town to ensure peace. He advised the
youth, especially school leavers, to remain in the town and undertake agri-
cultural projects. Later, Mr Abban donated 25 matchets to the association.
An appeal for funds yielded £10,000. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English

3 Aug 84 p 7]

GOMOA~MAMPONG DEVELOPMENT FUND--The people of Gomoa-Mampong in the Central
Region have launched a ¢2.5 million Town Development Fund to finance social,
educational and economic development projects in the area. Residents will
contribute £100 annually while citizens of the area living outside will pay
¢200. Launching the fund, Nana Mensah Essel VIII, chief of the town, advised
the people to cultivate the spirit of voluntarism in the national reconstruc-
tion programme. He said the time had come for the people to endeavour to
better their lot without looking up to the Government assistance. Mr F.0.
Abban, Dawurampong zonal organizer of PDCs, announced that £50,000 had
already been realized. He said the amount would be used to build a Primary
Health Care Centre, a new six-classroom block for the local primary school
and three places of convenience.--GNA [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in
English 3 Aug 84 p 7]

NANKESE DEVELOPMENT--A total of ¢2.5 million has been earmarked by the people
of Nankese, near Suhum in the Eastern Region for development projects. This
was disclosed at the week-end by Barimah Ayi-Gyasi chief of Nankese at a
farmers' rally at Nankese, organized by the Suhum-Kraboa-Coaltar District
Administration in conjunction with the District Information Service to educate
the people on Government policies. . The projects envisaged, including a
community centre, rehabilitation of the Local Authority Middle and Primary
School blocks and the provision of good drinking water, were being financed
through contributions of ¢200 a man and ¢100 per woman, the chief said.

[Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 30 Jul 84 p 8]

70.



GHANA

PRIVATE NEWSPAPERS URGED TO REORGANIZE RURAL SERVICES
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 28 Jul 84 p 8
[Article by Douglas Akwasi Owusu]

[Text] Publishers of private newspapers have been urged to re-organize their
regional services efficiently so that the rural population could benefit
from newspaper reading.

At a meeting with the publishers and their editors in Accra yesterday, the
Secretary for Information, Miss Joyce Aryee, observed that they had concen-
trated their activities mainly in Accra, to the detriment of the rural
communities.

"We talk of decentralization. But a decentralization that remains on paper
including our own papers, is no decentralization at all," she stressed.

Miss Aryee said while the Government did not control the publishing industry,
it would take a positive appraisal of what it could do and how the newspapers’
activities could be streamlined to ensure effective use in the economic
development of the nation.

The Information Secretary was not happy about the "mush-rooming" of newspapers
in the country, and said unless an in-built mechanism was established to check
this, there would not be enough newsprint to go round.

"There its no point in printing newspapers whose contents do not reflect
national aspirations," she said, and noted that many publishers were only in
the industry for monetary benefits without thinking of the quality production
which must seek to transform society.

Miss Aryee said her Ministry had on its records 60 private press institutions
made up of 34 weeklies, nine each of fortnightlies and monthlies, two quarter-
lies, a daily and one feature-service paper.

With such a number and the scarcity of newsprint, the Government had to take
far-reaching decisions to ensure that the industry was put to proper use.

28



DETAILS ON CALL-UP OF ALIENS REPORTED

No Instant Call-ups

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 3 Aug 84 p 5

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — The im-
plementation of Section
11A of the Citizenship
Act does not mean in-
stant military call-ups
for permanently resi-
dent aliens, particularly.
those over 25.

“In terms of an amend-

ment to the South Afri-
can Citizenship Act of
1949, published in the
Government Gazette of
April 11 this year, the
basic requirements for
conferring automatic
citizenships on an alien
are as follows:
@ He must have no con-
viction in terms of Sec-
tions 43 and/or 44A ofthe
Admission of Persons to
the Republic Regulation
Act (Act 59 of 1972);

@ He must be entitled to

' a permanent residence

permit in terms of the
Aliens Act (Act 1 of

* 1937); and
| @ He must have -been

ordinarily resident in
the Republic for a
period of at least five
years after receiving a
permanent residence
permit.

99

Automatic citizenship
will take effect as fol-
lows:

@ if an alien was
granted a permanent re-

SOUTH. AFRICA

sidence permit before ©

April 19 of 1978 and is
aged between 15 years
and 24 years and six

months on October 11 of ,
1984, when the new:

citizenship regulations
come into effect, -im-

’ mediate naturalisation

will take place;

@ Aliens in the above
category who were youn-
ger than 15 when the reg-

-ulations come into effect

will be naturalised six
months after they turn
@ An alien who re-
ceived a permanent resi-
dence permit at any time
after a date two years

: before October 11 of 1984
‘ will be’ naturalised on

the date on. which his
five year’s permanent
residence expires, pro-
viding he is older than 15
years and ‘six months,
ut not older than 25.

Ifhe is younger than 15

years and .six months '

when his five-year



Some international opinion at the outset
of the negotiation seemed to expect
some brusque, high-handed treatment.
Even outright take over was heard be-
ing whispered in some quarters by
those who also saw the first shutdown
of the potlines last year as some kind of
blackmail rather than a necessity
caused by the falling level of the Volta
Lake.

But our team of negotiators have shown,
-by their patience and reason through

| the long negotiation, a maturity which

| can leave no one in any doubt that
Ghana’s only motive was to establish a
fair deal.

The original Volta Hydro-electric. Project
was envisaged as an integrated sche-
me to mine and process Ghana’s own
bauxite, using power from the dam
which would also supply other dome-
stic and industrial consumers.

Ghana was in a hurry to translate this into
reality. But being unable to raise the
financing for the dam, Tema harbour
and township, the smelter, the resett-
lement of people displaced by the lake,
and the opening up of bauxite deposits,
ail at the same time, we found oursel-
ves pushed by impatience into a
crippling agreement.

Our vast bauxite deposits remained idle,
whilst Jamaican bauxite was. mined,
Carried to the USA to be refined into
alumina, and then brought to VALCO
for smelting. This is still the case, but at
least, we are no longer committed to
supplying power at laughably cheap
rates for years to come, or to providing
other concessions at-exploitative rates.
Other multinationals which have their
subsidiaries in this country should take_
note. .

The PNDC Government, the GRAPHIC can vouch,
has no intention of rushing into any hasty action
which will unsettle the favourable climate for
investment. But it is our belief that where agree-
ments have been entered into which deprive the
people of Ghana of the just fruits of the country's
resources, it should be expected that fair and

firm negotiations will be initiated. pursued and
implemented to set the balance right.

cso: 3400/2038

35



Mr Agyeman made this call when he was speaking to the "Graphic" at Seko-
domase.

Mr Agyeman suggested to the government to increase money given to the Food
Distribution Corporation to enable it to purchase all the maize produced
in the country.

CSO: 3400/2038

60



the surrounding villages, burning, murdering and plundering, set the houses

on fire, killed the livestock, and at last assailed--the high point of their
lust for destruction--the national shrine in Namugongo, blessed by Pope Paul
VI in 1969, which is dedicated to a number of martyrs, whom the Buganda king
Mwanga at the end of the last century had ordered burned alive because they

had refused to renounce their Christian faith.

The government condemned and "deeply regretted" this bloodbath, which reported-
ly claimed more than 100 dead--which produced an amply hypocritical effect in
view of the fact that the regime of Milton Obote knows how to employ the sol-
diers--who are almost exclusively recruited from the northern tribes of the
Langi and Acholi, are strangers to their new surroundings, are paid poorly
or not at all, are to a large extent without leadership and thus almost ne-
cessarily degenerate into bands of robbers--quite consciously for a purpose,
to intimidate and demoralize the "Southerners", in particular the Baganda.
According to the estimates of the DP [Democratic Party] leader Paul Seemoge-
rere, 100,000 people have been killed during the past 3 years--most of them
probably in the Baganda districts of Mpigi, Mobende and Luwero, where the
soldiers raged especially brutally.

In these three regions, the government last year set up about 40 camps for
about 150,000 people in order to isolate the guerillas from the population.
These measures would have been quite capable of securing a certain security
for the tormented people if the work of the international assistance organi-
zations,such as the Red Cross or Oxfam, on which the supply of the camp in-
mates depended entirely, had not been more and more restricted at the begin-
ning of this year.

A Shocking Surprise Attack

In the meantime, most of the camps have been dissolved again and the inmates
have been asked to return to their homes--just as if the security situation
had taken a decisive turn for the better. However, the opposite is the case,
and thus it is no wonder that the people, filled with fear of the soldiers,
desperately wander through the bush, in search of a halfway protected place,
which in the entire’ Luwero District really only exists in Nakaseke, where the
German emergency doctors of Rupert Neudeck, under indescribably difficult
conditions, continue operation in a small hospital, which for many natives
has become a sort of refuge.

A normalization of the situation cannot be expected in the foreseeable future,
for the National Resistance Army is visibly gaining in effectiveness. Three
and a half months after the surprise attack on Masindi, which was so shocking
for the people governing in Kampala, Museveni's guerillas also struck in the
city of Hoima, where they likewise captured military equipment and beyond

this demonstrated their strength in unmistakable terms: For 24 hours they re-
mained in the city, where Musevini had himself inscribed in the "Golden Book"
and gave a speech to which even the minister of labor of the country had to
listen, who happened to be in Hoima at the time. As if a national festival
was going on, Museveni, for the entertainment of the people, even arranged

for a soccer game to be played. And the NRA film-team reportedly also was
there: Before long those who are interested will be able to see the memorable
visit in Hoima as video film.

144

8970
CSO: 3420/34



A repetition of this situation can be avoided through the localized self-
help storage measures being suggested by Nana Brembi. Several alternatives
are available. Every town and village is supposed to have a Community
(People's) Shop. Each Shop should find money to buy grains for storage.

The storage could be the traditional barn raised on sheds and occasionally
heated by firewood fire lit under the barn. The money for buying the grains
could be collected by a levy per head which would represent each contribu-
tor's deposit against allocation of the grains when they are being sold
during the lean season. Or the money can come from whatever community funds
each town or village PDC has saved in the bank.

Apart from such collective storage facilities, each household may buy now
whatever grains it can for storage. In the rural areas the storage of grains
in large baskets or other suitable containers on a shed raised above the
kitchen hearth for constant heating when meals are being cooked is still
useful and easy to provide. Our forefathers, fathers and mothers have used
this method to preserve grains for long periods before the white man's too-
known technology silos were invented. In the urban areas, most workers are
capable of buying, say, a bag of corn now and sun-drying it at suitable
intervals to keep the grains intact for use later. For the single room
workers, the favourite storage place under the bed is still there.

The idea is that everyone should do something to store some grains now. The
Food Distribution Corporation will do its work by all means. But when it
starts to sell its stored grains in the lean season it may cost the buyer
far more than it would cost him if he stores his own grains now. Workers
should remember this. So the self-help storage suggestion is hugely worth-
while and sensible.

CSO: 3400/2108

31



GHANA

BRIEFS

CUBAN ASSISTANCE--The PNDC Government has identified a number of specific
areas of obtaining assistance from Cuba in the fishing and sugar industries.
The government has also discussed the possibility of seeking assistance
from Cuba in the cultural field. Dr Kwesi Botchwey, Secretary for Finance
and Economic Planning disclosed this when he briefed the press on the return
of a high-powered government delegation led by the Chairman of the PNDC Flt
Lt Jerry John Rawlings, to four countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Dr Botchwey said the delegation discussed with the Surinam Government the
possibility of co-operation in the area of rice cultivation which is well
developed. He said the government also discussed with the Surinam Govern-
ment co-operation in the development of the bauxite industry. [Text]

[Accra DAILY GRAPHIC in English 3 Aug 84 p 1]

LIBYAN AGRICULTURAL TEAM--The four-man Libyan Agricultural delegation which
was in the country on a fact-finding tour left Accra last Thursday night
after a week long stay. Speaking to newsmen at the Kotoka International
Airport in a pre-departure interview, the leader of the delegation, Mr A.
Fahima, who is an expert in agricultural education and extension programmes,
noted that Ghana has vast potentials in the agricultural sector but said
what is lacking are inputs and expertise. As a result, Mr Fahima said Libya
would assist by training Ghanaian agriculturists in Libyan institutions to
expand their knowledge and also bring in some agricultural machinery. While
in the country, Mr Fahima said the team held talks with the Secretary for
Agriculture, Mr John Ndebugre and other senior officials of the Agriculture
Ministry on how best Libya could assist in enhancing Ghana-Libya co-operation
particularly the agricultural sector. He said the team visited pineapple
plantations, hatcheries, irrigation and rabbitry projects in the country.
The visit of the team, he said, was made possible under the Ghana~Libyan
protocol agreement. Other members of the delegation were Mr I. Hafala,

Mr M. El-Meshery and Mr M. Zivawani. At the airport to see the team off
was the acting Secretary of the Libyan Bureau in Ghana, Mr Omar Ghadhi.
[Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Jul 84 p 5]

BORDER GUARDS GRADUATE--Sixty-seven female recruits passed out from the
Border Guards Training Centre at Kpeto; in the Volta Region yesterday. In
an address at the passing out parade, the Chief Staff Officer at the Border
Guard Headquarters, Colonel 1.G.M.K. Kpeto emphasised that the role of
Border Guard personnel in the country's Economic Recovery Programme is so

63



permanent residence

eriod expires, he will
Become a citizen on the
date he reaches that age.

Naturalisation can be
avoided if the alien con-

‘cerned, or his parent or

guardian in the case ofa ~

minor, makes a declara-
tien declining
citizenship.

However, it has been
made claer that refusal
of citizenship can result
in the revocation of the

- alien’s permanent resi-

dence permit.

Other questions raised
yesterday by aliens in-
cluded:

@ Will service in
another army be re-
garded as a “credit ba-
lance?”

According to spokes-
men, service in a recog-
nised and well-regarded

foreign army Will be
“taken into  considera-
tion” in determining his
SADF commitment.
This means that a man
who has served in, say,
the British Army might
be given a day-for-day
credit, this might mean
that he would not need
to do any national ser-
vice but might have a
‘ part-time Citizen Force
commitment. Such
adjustments will depend
on:the individual case.

@ When must a new
citizen register for ser-
vice?

He must register for
military service within
30 days of becoming a
citizen, and if he is
under 25 he can be cal-
Jed up for national ser-
vice.

@ What will happen to
new citizens older than

The information avail-
able is not specific on
this point, but presum-
ably they can be called -
up for 12 days’ “Dad’s
Army” service a year in”
areas where such ser-
vice is required
(although at the moment
“Dad’s Army” is only
operating in a few sensi-
tive, thinly populated ru-
ral districts).

@ Will newly arrived
aliens who receive
permanent residence :
;permits be called up?
‘Aliens who come to live
in South Africa will not
be liable for call-up till
they have been resident
for at least five years
after being granted a
permanent residence ,
permit. If still under 25
they can be called up. ©
—DDbe.

New Points Clarified
East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 4 Aug 84 p 2

[Text]

EAST LONDON — Per-
manently resident
aliens who qualify for
automatic citizenship of
South Africa will be
obliged to register for
national service within
30. days of becoming
citizens. _
“This was confirmed
yesterday by the Officer
Commanding Group 8
here, Colonel Reg
Deyzel. He said that,
judging by inquiries re-
‘ ceived at the local milit-
ary headquarters, there
were still some points
that needed to be made
about national service
for new citizens. ~

cso: 3400/2107

These were:

In terms of the De-
fence Act, new citizens
must register within 30
days. ‘Those still at
school could obtain reg-
jistration at their
‘schools. -Others ‘must
write to the Registering
Officer, Private Bag
x281, Pretoria:

All those who became
citizens this year and
‘who would be 17 or older
next year would be li-

able for national service
next year.

Those who would still
be at school, studying or
continuing appren-

100

ticeships must apply to
the Exemption Board for
deferment of their call-

-up. The address: The

Secretary, Exemption
Board, Private Bag X281,
Pretoria.

These people would
be provisionally allotted
to the July, 1985, nation-
al service intake. This
would give them enough ;
time to submit the re-
quired proof of enrol-
ment at an educational ,
institution. ‘

It was also necessary
to re-apply for defer.
ment annually, Colonel
Deyzel said. — DDR


18

20

2

2

23

A

Promotion of sport and recreation .
Financial assistance:
Declared cultural institutions .....
Literature for the visually handicapped .
Defence
Including—
Grants-in-aid:
S.A.D.F. Recreation Fund ..
S.A. Shottist Union ...
S.A. Red Cross Society
St, John Ambulance Brigade .
S.A. Noodhulpliga ........
International Committee of the Res
Manpower
Includin,
Contributions:
‘Manpower Development Fund
National Productivity Institute
Manpower and Management Foundation of Southern
Africa
Industries and Cor
Including—
Contributions:
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research
S.A. Bureau of Standards .
Small Business Development Corporation, Limited .
_Grant-in-aid to the S.A. Tourism Board . :

Contribution to 0 Legel Aid Board .
Prisons .
Includiny
Contribution to Nexus .
Community Development
Including—
Financial assistance to municipalities:
Simonstown :
Various. .
Financial assistance:
Board of Control: Huguenot Monument.
Louis Trichardt Association ...
1820 Settlers’ National Monument
hamstown ......ccceeseeeeeeteeeeese sans :
Board of Control: Die Afrikaanse Taalmonument .....
Grants-in-aid:
Public Servants Association
Control Board: Voortrekker Monument
Environment Affairs .
Including—
‘Welfare and recreation facilities .........++-+++s0e0eee+
Grants-in-aid:
S.A. Forestry Association ..
Wattle Research Institute ...
University of Stellenbosch...
National Botanical Gardens .
National Parks Board...
Contribution to National Hiking Way Fund
Agriculture
Including—
Grants-in-ai
S.A. Studbook Association
S.A. Agricultural Union
S.A. Women’s Agricultural
Royal Agricultural Society
Central Agricultural Society .
Animal protection and welfare organizations
Industry subsidies and assistance .
Mineral and Energy Affairs .
Including—
Contribution to the Council for Mineral Technology... -

122

3.754 667 000

92 285 000

575.757 000

134 782 000

311 592 000

1269 904 000

392 404 000

684 778 000

557 637 000

3.705 000

18 709 000
109 000

155 110.000
20.697 000
5.000 000
16 797 000

4105 000

14000

1168 000
73 832 000

18 000
13 000

388.000
47 000

630 000
367 000

15 000

14.000
365 000
867 000

2.969 000


IGP CALLS FOR CALM IN BAWKU

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Jul 84 p 1

[Article by Iddrisu Seini]

[Text]

CSO:

3400/2038

“ways an

THE § Inspector-
General. of Police
IGP),<Mr 8. S.
‘Omane, .has ap-
pealed to jampru-
sis‘and Kusasis to
exercise restraint
in their -conflict
and assist security
agencies to main-
tain law and order
in the area.

Mr Omane who

‘spoke to the two fac-

tions ‘separately
‘pointed out that
Ghana is a unitary
‘State and that Gha-
naians have only two
enemies to fight
against: These are’in-
ternal. aggressors and
hunger.

To. this end, it is
imperative for ‘the
two factions to avoid

unnecessary bloodsh-
ed. * 4 :

The government,
however, the police
chief explained, is
pre-occupied with
means of
improving the lot. of
the people and that it
should not be saddled
with unnecessary
‘problems. © ~

41

The IGP who ar-
rived at Bawku on

‘Thursday by heli-

copter for an on-the-
spot, assessment of
‘the situation also
asked members of the
‘Police Service, Bord-
er Guard personnel
and a detachment of
the Airborne.Force
who are on operatio-
nal duties to comport
themselves even in
the face of provoca-
tion” and’ remain
disciplined.

He was accompa-
nied by Mr Ofork
brah, Assistant Com-
missioner of Police in
charge of the Up
East Region and Mr
S. Adakura, Chief
Superintendent of
Police.

Meanwhile. life is re-
turning to normal inthe
Bawku township.

It would be recalled that
24 people were killed and
30 others wounded, some
of them seriously during a
bloody clash between tl
Manprusis and Kusasis at
Bawku last week-end
Forty houses and a numb-
er of vehicles were alsc
-burnt to ashes.

GHANA



first we train local troops who ensure the defense of the area, It is impor-
tant to point out that restoration and repair work is being done in all the
production units destroyed by the bandits, and in others seriously damaged,
inventory is being taken of what is needed to resume their operations."

According to the military commander of Inhambane Province, the Armed Forces
of Mozambique have been actively involved in material and moral support
activities for victims of the armed bandits. Whenever a bandit camp is
attacked, the local people are released and later handed over to the
provincial party structures, Moreover, collaborators of the armed bandits
captured by the FAM/FPLM or denounced by the local people are put in produc-
tion centers together with the bandits who turn themselves in with their
weapons.

There are six centers to support victims of the armed bandits in Inhambane
Province, in Mabote, Massinga, Gamela, Vilankulo (headquarters), and the
Inhambane center in the provincial capital, which altogether are providing
shelter for hundreds of thousands of people.

9805
CSO: 3442/442

83



of whole ecosystems in
which all ‘animals live,”
said Mr Rick Lomba, an
American wildlife spe-
cialist.

Two of Africa’s last
great unspoiled ecosy-
stems are at risk in Bots-
wana.

The Kalahari, a richly
diverse expanse of gras-
ses and trees, is already,
mottled with dustbowls
and sand dunes. As
bushmen settle at cattle
posts to tend herds,
pressure mounts to open
their land to grazing.

The Okavango delta, a

vast swamp of stunning
beauty, is being sprayed
to eradicate Tsetse fly,
fatal to cattle. Now only.
a thin wire fence keeps
herders from moving’
cattle into lush grass-!
land ‘surrounding itsi
waterways.

The three-year
drought has killed
perhaps 300 000 cattle,,
but Botswana’s herds
total three million, three
times the human popula-
tion. By African tradi-
tion, cattle mean status |
— the more the better!
regardless of condition
— and tribesmen, voters,
resist curbs on herds.

At the same time, all
but two cabinet minis-
ters and top civil ser-
vants own cattle, govern-
ment sources say. Presi-
dent Quett Masire keeps
huge herds. His brother,
Peter, is the country’s
second largest rancher.

Last year a Kalahari

Conservation Society ;
symposium said author- '

ities disregarded scien-
tific warnings that ur-
gent measures were
needed against environ-
mental threats of very
serious proportions.

Each drought causes
progressively worse
damage, said Mr John
Cooke, of the University
of Botswana. “Experts
see it. Others don’t want
to see it. It’s only hu-
man.”

Mr David Finlay, top
civil servant in the agri-
culture ministry, blamed
the drought, and fore-
cast some improvement
with better rains. But he
acknowletiged:

“I know we are doing
. damage, losing land. We
must convince people
not to overstock or move
into fragile areas. But I
am talking about 10, 15,
20 years, and the ecolog-,
ists will quite correctly
say we haven’t got 10, 15
or 20 years.”

He said authorities
were beginning to con-
‘sider stock controls.
Foreign specialists fault
not only rich ranchers,
but also such donors as
the European Economic
Community (EEC) and
the World Bank.

“We are helping fi-
nance the devastation of
the Kalahari desert,”
said Mr Christian Blan-
chard, EEC delegate to
Botswana, who advises a
policy review. ‘The
problem is political.”

He referred to a beef
export quota of 19 000
tons a year to the EEC at
a 90 per cent levy reduc- :
tion, a concession;
arranged by Britain af- ;
ter independence when!
‘Botswana had no other:
source of income. A

Now Botswana pro-:
duces 12 million carats
of diamonds a year, the
{world’s third largest pro- ‘
ducer, The government
!makes no profit from cat-
tle since ranchers’ taxes
are offset by free veter-;
inary services and in-}
direct subsidies. ‘

EEC advisers have
urged a 10 per cent tax at
the slaughterhouses, but
officials have not im-
plemented it.

“The 100 million dol-
lars ‘earned last year
from beef exports went
straight into the pockets
of private owners — one
third of them to one
man,” a foreign aid offi-
cial claimed.

That man, Mr Derek
Brink, whose father set-
tled. here from South
Africa, is regarded as in-
dividually holding more
land than anyone in the
world — 396 900 hec-
tares.

The EEC paid eattle
owners about R47 mil-
lion more than the free
market price and, at the
same time, subsidised
beef sales to Mozambi-
que and Angola. The
nine-member commun-
ity already has a 600 000-
ton beef surplus.

Recently EEC officials
gave tentative approval
to renewing the quota in
what sources within the
Community called a
Political compromise.

The World Bank has
lent more than R16 mil-;
lion to cattle projects
which bank-sponsored
reviews found to have
caused serious damage. ‘

In one scathing assess-
ment, two specialists re-
ported that a plan to
start small ranches for
the disadvantaged in.
fact put more land into
the hands of the rich,
destroying rangeland
killing off wildlife an
creating local hostility.

They concluded: “Per-
sistently to ignore the
problem (of overstock-
ing) as Botswana pre-
sently does is absurd for
a nation so concerned’
both with image and the
performance of a mod-
ern livestock producing
country.” !

World Bank officials
are considering yet a
third phase, designed to
correct past imbalances,
but many experts fear,
the situation is likely to
{worsen further.

The US Agency for In-
ternational Develop-
ment abandoned lives-
tock projects two years
tago when it was deter-
‘mined they were causing
imore harm than good, a
iUS official said.



KENYA

EEC Funding for Farmers Reported
(Albert Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23 Jul. 84).........060-

Cocobod Reimburses Unpaid Farmers
(Wendy Asiama; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 26 Jul 84)...........

Farmers Appeal for Price Stabilization
(E. A. Atidam; PEOPLE'S DAILY. GRAPHIC, 2 Aug 84).............

Regional Secretaries Pledge Support for Farm Project
(Iddrisu Seini; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 1 Aug 84)..

Agricultural Programs, Strategies for 1984-86 Announced
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 30 Jul 84)........4.

Briefs
Cuban Assistance
Libyan Agricultural Team
Border Guards Graduate
Ten Town Councils
Tweapease D-Projects
Minerals Commission Named
Cadres Ousted
Ghana, Guyana Communique
Upper Voltan Cattle
Akwansren Palm Oil Project
Cocoa Farms Replanting
UNDP Assistance
Afife Farmers Arrested
Fishermen Resent Ministry's Meddling
Bumper Harvests
Keta Sea Defence Project
Students Mobilized
Afife Irrigation Project
Ajumako-Afransi Development
Gomoa-Mampong Development Fund
Nankese Development
Nkwatia-Kwahu Development Plan

"Asian' Influence in Kenya
(Jacques de Barrin; LE MONDE, 30 Jul 84).......... eee eens

MOZAMBIQUE

Socialist Emulation Campaign in Sofala Explained
(Francisco Muianga; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 11 Jul 84).......

Military Commander Describes Offensive Against Bandits
(Jose Manuel; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 6 Jul 84)......eeeeeeee

57

58

59

72

75

79



cso:

The obstacles here, however, lie
in the constitution which gave rise
to the state of Zimbabwe.

The rules for governing Zim-
babwe, drawn up at Lancaster
House, lay down that the people
have an enshrined right to form po-
litical parties of their own choice.

The Declaration of Rights in the
constitution granting them freedom
of association is specially protected.
Until the end of the first decade of
independence, which will be
reached in 1990, the assent of every
single member of the 100-seat
House of Assembly would be needed
to do away with this provision.

In other words, given the pres-
ence in Parliament of men like Mr
Tan Smith, who have vowed to op-
pose the one-party system, it will be !
another five years before that sys-
tem can be introduced legally.

As Mr Mugabe has repeatedly
said he intends to act within the
constitution (though he has hinted at
a different course of action on occa-
sions) it is more than likely that in-
troducing the one-party system will

3400/2041

146

be a long drawn-out process.
Political observers in Harare be-
lieve that while the concept will be
endorsed, implementing it will
probably be linked to a review of
the whole constitution. Zanu (PF)
favours, for example, one House of
Parliament instead of the bicamer-
al Senate and House of Assembly,
and an executive President instead
of the present system of a Prime
Minister and a figurehead Presi-
dent. .

Reviewing the whole constitution
could entail the appointment of a
special commission, consultations ,
with various groups, studies of gov-|
ernment processes in other parts of
the world, and so on. :

Meanwhile there is the general |
election, scheduled for early next”
year, at which Mr Mugabe must ob- |
tain an increase in seats to prove
that the electorate does endorse his
wish for a one-party state.

Congress week will see an out-
pouring of rhetoric. But hard practi-
cal politics will in the end decide
the pace of change in Zimbabwe.


GHANA

EFFORTS TO IMPROVE STATE ENTERPRISES PRAISED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 31 Jul 84 p 2

[Editorial: "Towards Profitability"]

[Text] YESTERDAY, Squadron Leader M.
K. Sowu, the Project Co-
ordinator of State-owned Enter-
prises Study Project met chief

* executives, chief accountants
and production managers. He
revealed at the meeting that the
government has_ obtained

* 664,000 dollars to study ways of
making state enterprises more
viable and profitable.

We can only say a loud “hallelu-
jah” to this piece of good news.
Fact is, efforts to make our state
enterprises more profitable are
long overdue. For, -if the truth
were to be said (and of course it
must be said) our enterprises by
and large have not lived up to
expectation.

During Nkrumah’s era, and consi-
stent with the political and eco-
nomic philosophy of that regime
a lot of capital was invested in
the state sector for the produc-
tion and distribution of goods
and also for rendering essential
services. Such investment re-
sulted in the creation of the se-
veral state enterprises which
exist today, as successive go-
feiments added to the original

ist. .



Rockshell, Mr R.S.D. Tei, said that his compabt viewed the job as "a national
duty." In this connection, he said, the company imported plants and equip-
ment needed not only for the quarry and the access road but also for the
entire Keta Sea Defence Wall project. Meanwhile, the special technical
Committee formed by the Ministries of Works and Housing and Road and Highways
have said in a report that "any contractor bidding for the Keta Sea Defence
Wall project should show physical evidence of the requisite plant and equip-
ment for the job." The committee comprises engineers and consultants from
the Architectural and Engineering Services Corporation and the Highways
Authority. Well-informed sources said "such stiff requirements are necessary
because of the emergency nature and magnitude of the project and the marine
environment conditions under which the work will be carried out." [Text]
[Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 3 Aug 84 pp 1, 3]

STUDENTS MOBILIZED--The National Youth Organizing Commission (NYOC) in
conjunction with the National Mobilization Programme (NMP) has mobilized
about 500 students to take part in voluntary services in the Accra district.
This was disclosed by Mr Musah Al-Fatah, acting Greater Accra Regional Co-
ordinator of the NMOC, at a meeting with the student volunteers at the Accra
Community Centre yesterday at which he outlined the programme of activities
for the two-month period. Highlights of the programme include clean-up
campaigns, tree planting and food harvesting and evacuation. Mr Musah said
the NMP together with experts from the Forestry Department would be directly
responsible for the tree-planting exercise. He disclosed that Nima, Mamobi,
the Tetteh Quarshie Circle and the Tema Circle areas on the Accra-Tema
Motorway have been specifically selected for the programme, adding that
every step was being taken to ensure that the trees to be planted would not
be left to die. According to Mr Musah, the students would be divided into
zonal camps on two-week rotational basis in order to cut down the cost of
feeding. Mr Musah said the programme would concentrate also on the Primary
Healty Care Programme to ensure that the communities within which the student
worked benefitted from the programme. The programme would be formally
launched on Tuesday, August 7, 1984. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English
25 Jul 84 p 8]

AFIFE IRRIGATION PROJECT--The ¢471 million Afife Irrigation Project, together
with more than.800 hectares of developed rice farms in the Afife-Wheta area
now seem destined to destruction if the sea at Keta is not prevented from
linking up with the Keta Lagoon. Speaking to me after inspecting the sea~
besieged areas in the Anlo and Ketu districts last Tuesday, Dr E.S. Edo, a
marine geologist said "residential areas in the three and half kilometre
long Keta coast are the only barrier against the possible linkage between
the lagoon and the sea. "If life and property in the 4,486 square kilometre
area are to be made safe," he stressed, "something positive must be done now
to save the situation at Keta." Dr Edo pointed out that Ghana's neighbours,
Togo and Benin, were watching what action the Ghana Government would take to
save the situation, because if Keta was not protected now, "Ghana would be
expecting sea erosion problems to her immediate eastern neighbours." He
noted that the long lagoon and river bed depression stretching all the way
to Benin was a very important zone for the cultivation of rice, corn, sugar-
cane and cassava, and fish farming. Dr Edo further explained that since

69



"As to our plan," Domingos Alfandega said, "we are already exceeding our
goals. There are good prospects that our plan will be fully carried out.
Meanwhile, with regard to the awards, they have not yet been discussed
among the management, union committee and workers."

Belita’s plan concerns production and consists essentially in increasing
its share of the PEC established for this year.

In the ongoing campaigns, Belita is so far counting on the participation
of all workers. Attendance has been outstanding, according to our
interlocutor.

Three Times Emulated: in Maputo, Nampula and Gorongosa

At the Belita factory we talked with one of the workers, whose photo is
mounted on the local honor display containing 41 photographs of workers
(men and women).

Joaquim Marcelino, a native of Zambezia Province, 26 years of age, married
and the father of two children--residing in this city--is the joyful -
individual, winner” three consecutive times. He said that the first time
was in 1980, the second in 1981 and the third and last in 1982.

"I won three times. ‘The first time I was awarded a trip to Maputo

where I stayed at Hotel Rovuma for 2 weeks. It was at the time of the opening
of the FACIM [Maputo ‘International Fair] and, for that reason, I enjoyed the
trip very much. The trip also enabled me to exchange experiences with others
and get to know other factories in this field."

Concerning the second emulation, Joaquim Marcelino told us that he was
already acquainted with that province (Nampula). "I worked there before
coming to Beira, but, nevertheless, I enjoyed the trip immensely inasmuch
as one gains much from such traveling, being able to stand out among other
workers."

In Gorongosa District the three-times prize winner visited the national park.
"I saw very large animals which I had never seen. I had never visited this
park. I also enjoyed the local surroundings and hustle and bustle."

In conclusion, he said, "Each month I have received small awards. Now I am
making an effort to become worthy once more, through emulation."

8568
CSO: 3442/443

78



300074

JPRS-SSA-84-097

5 September 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY |

NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE |

|S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
US. BPRINGFIELD, VA. 7)



[Article by Chris Freimond:
Coloureds"]

[Text]

WITH less than two
weeks to go until the
“coloured” election a
clear dilemma. for
many voters = has
emerged.

The poll ie August 2 a
being some i-
clans as a foot in the loor of

and a chance to des-

y apartheid.

ut supporters of absten-
tion see it as the co-option

of coloureds by the ‘Nation- |

alists to bolster thé oppres-
sion of blacks... -
Whether the. poll is hi;
or not, 80 coloureds will
elected to their facially sep-
arate House of ita~
. tives in the new. Parlia-
ment. .
ware is ttle doubt the
ibour Party, hea
Alan Heaton,
‘will win an overwhelming

the Labour Party bas 80

candidates. Four brane re-!
turned unopposed. Its main
election rival, the People’s’
Congress Party, has 59 can-
didates. The m Par-

24, and a Freedom Party
splinter group, the Re-
formed Freedom Party, 11. :
There are $2 independent '
candidates.

"COLOURED' ELECTION' POSES DILEMMA FOR VOTERS

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 9 Aug 84 p 9

"To Vote or Not?

It is difficult to. assess
how many seats each of the
parties will win. The Re-
formed Freedom Party will
possibly. not win any, and

e Freedom Party perhaps
only @ couple.

People’s Congress
Party could win six and in-
dependent candidates
might take a few.
it the Labour Party is
likely to have at least 60
seats, probably more.

The main policy differ-
ences between the parties
put the Labour Party in one
camp and the other three in
anot

er.

The Labour Party is call-
ing for an end to aj eid
and majority rule in a uni-

state.

tary .

Again, it is ironic that
these are also the aims of
the antl participation
groups, e strategies
are completely different.

Speeches by Labour Par-
ty leaders are at times radi-
cal and militant. They have
called for nationalisation of
industries — -including
mines — and redistribution
of national wealth.

._ The Labour Party rejects
the new Constitution but be-
lieves it can use it to lever

That's the Real Question for

more concessions from the
Natlohalists and thereby
jestroy 3] .

The other parties believe
to varying degrees in
coloured national and
ethnic power bases. They
are not in favour of major-
ity rule but do not support
apartheid.

‘The Labour Party is well
organised, well financed (it
claims its money comes
from supporters and
coloured businessmen) and
has the services of a politi-
cal consultancy run by sen-
ior Nationalists.

‘The other parties rely
mainly on local support and
are not well organised or

well

Judging by crowds at

ic meetings, the Labour

arty has the greatest su
port. Ata recent meeting
its Eastern ‘strong-
bald Mr Hendrlckse drew ,
about 1000 supporters.

Poor attendances have
been blamed by the Labour
Party on fear of intimida-
tion by anti-participation
groups and the cold wea-

Perhaps a surprising as-
pect of the campaign has!
the relative lack of

SOUTH AFRICA


COMMENTS ON DR KOORNHOF'S RESIGNATION

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans in English 10 Aug 84 p 5

[Article republished in English from THE CAPE TIMES]

[Text]

CSO:

BY coincidence Dr Koorn-
hof’s resignation as. Min-

“ister of Co-operation and

Development was reported
yesterday at the same time
@s headlines were proclaim-
ing the manifest failure of
influx control in the West-
ern Cape. Yet Dr Koorn-
hof's decision to step down
is not unconnected with the
breakdown of the influx
control policy. In the last
months of his ministerial
tenure the signs of disinte-
gration have been all too
evident, as were his desper-
ate but unavailing mea-
sures to make the policy

work,

Tt is‘sad for Dr Koornhof
that He should be leaving
the Cabinet on such a note.
He will be remembered
above all for his departe-
ment’s merciless drive
against squatters at the
Cape, as Mrs Suzman has
noted, while considerable
achievements at earlier
stages of his career may
well be forgotten. If Dr
Koornhof has come to epit-
omize the dying throes of
Verwoerdian ideology in

3400/2036

Nationalist policy, ironical-
ly enough, it was this min-
ister who achieved a great
deal in other portfolios in
breaking down Verwoer-
dian rigidities, in the inte-
Bration of private schools,
for example, and in achiev-
ing a similar result in sport.
Much of this was done in
patient behind-the-scenes
negotiation and so may go
unrecorded by historians. It
is ironical that the Cabi-
net’s senior verligte should
find himself, on retiring,
cast as a verkrampte of the
deepest die.

Politically, Dr Koornhof
has lost credibility, becom-
ing a victim of the conflict
between ideology and com-
mon sense which is still rag-
ing in Afrikanerdom.
Moved ially by his own
inclinations to be merciful
in handling the squatter
problem, Dr Koornhof ulti-
mately found himself min-
isterially responsible for
acts of cruelty against
squatter communities
which have outraged the
public conscience. As far as
any outsider can tell, it was
the Cape Nationalist MPs

127

in the party caucus who in-
sisted on Rragdadigheid in
dealing with the squatters.
And kragdadigheid is what
a smooth-talking Dr Koorn-
hof eventually gave them,
as shelters were destroyed
and squatter families were
exposed to the bitter rain
and cold of winter. The
ideological pipedream of a
Western Cape without
blacks has long bemused
Cape Nationalists. For
them, Crossroads was a
standing affront — and they
insisted that it must be
gone by the end of this
year. But Crossroads is still
there and it is Dr Koornhof
who is going.

Now that it is obvious to
almost everybody that
Crossroads will not disap-
pear by the end of this year
and that Langa, Guguletu
and Nyanga will remain
where they are for the fore-
seeable future, what are the
apartheid zealots going to
do about it? Who will be
prepared:to take Dr Koorn-
hof’s place, accepting a
brief to reverse a process
which is manifestly irre-
versible?



Rawlings Addresses Students in Cuba

GHANAIAN TIMES, 26 Jul 84).. sees 26
Private Newspapers Urged To Reorganize Rural Services

(Douglas Akwasi Owusu; GHANAIAN TIMES, 28 Jul 84).......... 28
Establishment of Food Storage Depots Proposed

(Editorial; GHANAIAN TIMES, 19 Jul 84).. 30
Commentary on Rehabilitation of Western Rail Line

(Editorial; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 18 Jul 84).... 32
Success of Negotiations With VALCO Noted

(Editorial;. PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Jul 84).. 34
TUC Solidarity for Nicaragua Backed

(Editorial; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23 Jul 84)....... 36
Efforts To Improve State Enterprises Praised

(Editorial; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 31 Jul 84)....... 38
District Officers To Handle Budgets

(E. A. Andam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23 Jul 84)..... -- 40

IGP Calls for Calm in Bawku
(Iddrisu Seini; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 21 Jul 84)......... 41

Preliminary Census Results Reported
(Yaw Asante; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Aug 84)...........4- 42

Evolution of PNDC, NCD Described
(Breda Atta-Quayson, Joe Bradford Nyinah; PEOPLE'S

DAILY GRAPHIC, 27 Jun 84).... seeee 46
Nkoranza Power Project To Be Commissioned

(Kofi Yeboah-Agyemang; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 20 Jul 84).. 49
Choggo Residents Build Dam

(Yaw Boudu-Ayeboufoh; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 18 Jul 84)... 51
Priority to Rural Banks Urged

(Albert Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 23 Jul 84).......+.-4- 52
Success of Rawlings Mission Hailed

(Editorial; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 3 Aug 84).....s.....e0- 53

Energy Survey Board To Be Established
(Nestor Hoeyi, Eben Quarcoo; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC,

2 Aug 84)... cece eee e ccc ecrenceee steer esenees 56



violence. There were indi-
cations at the start that
nearly all public meetings
would be disrupted.
- Although there have been
a number of clashes be-
tween “pro” and “anti” sup-
rters in which police have
itervened, most meetings
have been peaceful.
However, there are a
number of areas — particu-
larly in the Cape Peninsula
“— where the Labour Party
has not held meetings
through fear of disruption.
Ranged against partici-
pation are a number of non-
racial political groupin;
which appear to have wide

support.

Brobabl the most sig-
nificant is the ‘United Demo-
cratic Front, to which about
600 trade unions, cultural,
sports and community or-
ganisations are affiliated.

Arecent rally of the UDF
and like-minded groupings
in Cape Town drew an.esti-
mated 4000 people.

Other opponents of par-
ticipation are the non-racial

Congresses.
‘ about 750 attended a recent

“Natal and Transvaal Indian
. A crowd of

TIC meeting in Lensaia,
near Johannesburg.
Another opponent of par-
ticipation is the black con-
sciousness orientated
National Forum. There
have also been calls for ab-
. Stention by a number of
trade unions and religious

organisations.
Some of the “anti” Ip-
ings have alleged intimida-

tion by the authorities. The
recent banning of two UDF
meetings in the Eastern
Cape has been cited as an
example.
The groupings have de-
: pied links with the African
National Congress or in-
volvement in petrol bomb-
ings of the houses of “par-
ticipant” politicians and
+ other blacks working within
: Government created insti-
tutions.
TIC president Dr Essop
: Jassat suggested at a recent
‘Meeting that the bombings

Census Shows 64% of Potential Voters

may be deliberate attempts
to smear the “anti” grou
and generate support ‘or
the participants,

A8 an alternative to vot-
ing, some of the “anti”
Groups have called for con-
tinued pressure through
worker and cultural organi-
‘sations to force the Nation-
alists to offer something

more substantial than the’

new Constitution.
- ‘The exclusion of blacks
from the new system and
the retention of what are
rey jarded as the most un-
latable aspects of apart-
Feta are cited as the Pala
Fpasots for non-participa-

ion.

tt qt peems s calls for absten-
ion have strong suj in
ean connuenle, par
cularly in Cape Town,
Durban and Johannesburg.
sul » it seems
that the Labour Party will
“win nearly all the House of
Representatives seats, but
the percentage poll will be

relat ively low. .
Sune by freien, 477 Main

PERCENT

3 034 120 Total potential voters
based on 1980 census

2 713 000
Registered voters

‘

1 398 040
907 106
a
88,7
PERCENT

464000
411 654

_ WHITES — COLOUREDS

ASIANS

CA.

105



GHANA

RAWLINGS ADDRESSES STUDENTS IN CUBA
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 26 Jul 84 pp 1, 3

[Text] The Chairman of the PNDC, Flt-Lt Jerry John Rawlings, on the second
day of his state visit to Cuba an Tuesday, told Ghanaian students studying on
the Isle of Youth that their "studies is part of the struggle to acquire new
knowledge for the benefit of your homeland."

Accompanied by Finance and Economic Planning Secretary Dr Kwesi Botchwey,
and Mr Kofi Djin, Secretary for the Interior, the Ghanaian Leader told the
610 students of "Heroes of Bairet" that "Ghana's problems, its sequels of
poverty and under-development are those of Africa and other Third World
countries."

He said "I am not surprised that the African Unity which we so much desire
and the struggle of such basic principle come from you and the other young
people from other African countries who are studying and forming themselves
here."

According to the Cuban News Agency, Prensa Latina, the Chairman's address
which was in a form of a warmly chat was greeted with cheers from the stu-
dents, who scored 99.8 percent in their end of year examinations.

Flt-Lt Rawlings told the students to keep discipline and take their studies
seriously to enable them to absorb the concept which "are going on to

make us more independent and reach higher stages in the struggle for the
sovereignty of our country.”

According to Prensa Latina, Dr Botchwey and Mr Djin also addressed the
students.

Flt-Lt Rawlings and his entourage later attended a colourful folklore by
students from the Sahroui Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), Angola and
Nicaragua.

26



NAMIBIA

SA OFFER TO GIVE UP SOVEREIGNTY PROMPTED BY ECONOMIC WOES

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 4 Jul
84 p 2

{Article entitled: "Namibia Is Becoming Too Expensive for South Africa: De
Beers Company the Most Important Taxpayer. Great Economic Difficulties"]

[Text] ff. Capetown. The offer of the South African prime minister. Piet
Botha. to place the administration of Namibia, prior to releasing the coun-
try into independence, into the hands of Western governments is fully con-
sonant with Pretoria's desire to divest itself as quickly as possible of
the expensive administration without running the risk of a socialist-
communist regime of the Ovambo tribe led by Sam Nujoma gaining a foothold
there. Quite apart from the high costs of the war on the northern frontier
of the country with Angola, the cape country must support Namibia with con-
siderable expenditures.

According to the now available preliminary budget estimate for 1984/85, Nami-
bia, which encompasses 82.3 million hectares, with revenues of 1.18 billion
rands and expenditures of 1.4 billion rands, will produce a deficit of about
210 million rands (1 rand [equals] approximately DM 2.10). The revenues in-
clude a direct South African grant of 318 million rands, approximately 32 per-
cent more than during the preceding year, a South African payment of about

250 million rands from the title of customs union, loans guaranteed by South
Africa in the amount of 180 million rands and a financial shot-in-the-arm of
90 million rands to offset the loss from the traffic revenue.

The domestic revenues of the former German colony were assessed at 343 million
rands, for the most part tax payments of the Consolidated Diamond Mines be-
longing to the De Beers Company, which accounted for about 36 percent of the
total tax revenues, the Roessing Uranium Mine belonging to the Rio Tinto
Group, which was assessed for taxes for the first time in 1983, as well as
the Tsumeb Corporation, which in its mines Tsumeb, Kombat, Otjihase and
Matchless produces copper, lead, silver, cadmium, arsenic (trioxide) and will
now begin the refining of the strategic mineral germanium.

Among the new measures of the Namibian administration to increase revenues

are an increase in the taxation of diamond mining by 5 percent to 55 percent,
which has already had a negative effect on the price of De Beers shares, as

85



"Tn Inhambane Province, there are no longer any bandits’ bases. They do
have small temporary camps, primarily in rich farming areas where the bandits
can steal the people's food," Fondo reported.

"Here in Inhambane all the enemy bases were attacked and occupied by the FAM/
FPLM, and the armed bandits who escaped without any leaders have formed small
camps where they do not stay for more than 3 months. This is how the bandits
are able to hide close to places where there is food, especially at this
time of year when the peasants are harvesting," he went on to say, adding:

"All the areas where the enemy has been eliminated are being occupied by our
forces, in coordination with the Party and People's Democratic Organizations,
among other party and government organisms, and the people are being reorganiz—
ed in communal villages, and the infrastructure damaged by the murderous wrath
of the bandits, including schools, hospitals and commercial establishments,

is being rebuilt. We are conducting activities aimed at physically and
ideologically rehabilitating the people. We regard as basic the need to
effectively ensure patriotic education and supply food, clothing and other
vital articles."

Bandits Trying to Infiltrate

According to information gathered by our envoy to Inhambane Province from the
military commander in that region, Major General Domingos Fondo, as the armed
bandits in Inhambane feel the circle of our glorious armed forces tightening
around them, as a result of the current offensive, they are abandoning their
camps and trying to infiltrate the local villages, under the pretext of having
been kidnapped by the "matsangaissas."" The local people, however, are not
being taken in, as they are aware of their activities and their links with the
armed bandits.

"In other words, some armed bandits are trying to hide among the people, since
they realize that they will never attain their objectives, and in addition
they feel the pressure of our operations and the people's activities to
eliminate these murderers. Some bandits have gone to the rather ridiculous
extent of going to the cities to seek jobs, and we have already seen some
flagrant cases. However, the people continue their vigilante activities,

in compliance with the recommendation of the military headquarters regarding
the need to increase our vigilante action, particularly as regard the bandits
who are trying at all costs to rejoin society without first observing the
restrictions of the law, and without accounting for their actions before the
law," Major General Domingos Fondo added.

"The Armed Forces of Mozambique," he went on to say, "are dynamically fulfill-
ing the directive of our Commander-in-Chief Samora Machel to transform the
countryside into a theater of operations. We are therefore occupying the
countryside, and the bandits are conducting activities among the people under
the cover of some of their collaborators. In view of this, we have begun

our “house-to-house operation", to generally clean out the province."



ETHIOPIA

MEKANE YESUS FOLLOWERS SUBJECT TO SUSPENSION, REPRESSION
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 16 Jul 84 p 6

[Article by Guenter Krabbe: "Regime of the Revolution Suspects There Is
Resistance Behind Cloister Walls--People of the Oromo Support Ethiopian Mekane
Yesus Church"]

[Text] Addis Ababa, 15 July--Close to the top of King George Street stands

the Protestant church of Addis Ababa, but one has to go round the back and
through a side street to get to it. '"Mekane Yesus" ("Place of God" in Amharic)
says the sign above the driveway. Then, crossing the unkempt church square past
a few small buildings of the Protestant elementary school, one comes to the
office of the Protestant Mekane Yesus Church--with its 600,000 members the
largest of three Protestant churches in Ethiopia.

Even measured by the standards of shabby Addis Ababa, the whole quarter does
not impress one as well-to-do despite the fact that it neighbors on a quarter
which is not unimportant by any means. Nearby is the Finance Ministry, on
the other side the National Museum, farther south the building of the German
school seized 8 years ago, now housing the Pharmaceutical Faculty of the
university, and farther north the university itself, which was founded by
Jesuits. The description of the area is important, for already in the sixties,
when no one as yet thought of revolution and of overthrowing Emperor Haile
Selassie, the territory was earmarked in urban planning for expansion of the
university. That may be one of the reasons why it has not been better
maintained and it certainly will be the reason why this church community will
feel it is being persecuted in the next years when perhaps not the church

but the school and the administrative building will be torn down. "We*have-to
expect that," says a member of the synod, who however was unable to say why
nevertheless 3 years ago, when the building housing the church office was
sequestered, the church on this very area modernized and refurbished the
existing building. A municipal building permit was not required.

The Ethiopian revolutionary regime is not absolutely hostile to religion.
The wife of the Head of State Mengistu Haile-Mariam, even participates in
annual pilgrimages, and no one makes a secret of it. The dictatorial regime
suspects, however, that political opponents can gather, and resistance can
form, behind the walls of cloisters, churches and synagogues. That was the



He stressed that the question of accountability is a moral issue.

Mr Alisah urged members of the June 4 Movement to let objectivity, honesty
uprightness be their guiding principle.

cso: 3400/2038

50



African Culture" (10/18, Paris, 1976), etc. His various
activities have made Pathe F. Diagne a central figure (and one
of the most dynamic) in contemporary African thought. It was
because of his importance in this regard that we, AFRICA, went
to see him at his home in Yoff, close by the ocean, not far
from the home of his friend, Ousmane Sembene, the film
director, to explore further with him the hidden side of
Islan,

[Question] Coming back to Senegal after spending several years away gives one
the impression that something in the air has changed.

[Answer] I think that something really has changed. The ambiance is different,
poth politically and culturally, even if only by virtue of the change of style
that followed the departure of Senghor, who was quite a fellow, the arrival of
Abdou Diouf, who comes from a different generation, and the establishment of
pluralism.

[Question] Could it be said that the arrival of Diouf has been felt as a
cultural "liberation"?

[Answer] Let us say that the departure of Senghor could amount to a fairly
major cultural shock. Abdou's political culture still remains to be defined.

[Question] Perhaps it is already being defined...?

[Answer] In practice, on a day to day basis, right now? That is true, It is

quite obvious in that respect that Senghor's strict devotion to scrupulously
correct European clothing is not shared by Abdou Diouf, who is always casual
and dresses in African style. In that respect, the Senegalese are now wearing
clothes that are less fancy; at least the system does not require it so much.

[Question] Is such strictness--which in Senghor's case was well symbolized in
his standards of Western dress--compatible with Islam?

[Answer] Senghor was a Catholic, he thought as a Catholic, which he had every
right to do. He protected Christianity in Senegal within an institutional
framework.

[Question] In the current debate, fundamentalists have often spoken to me
about freemasonry as if it were in their eyes the inevitable result of strict
enforcement of secularity.

[Answer] I suppose that they were alluding to the history of secularism in
France, where the freemasons played a major role vis-a-vis the State and the
schools. It is no secret to anybody that there is a substantial intellectual
community of freemasons in Senegal. But let us ignore that and talk about
Africa, and more specifically about the traditional African state. That was a
pluralistic state. It never initiated a crusade or jihad [holy war]. Everyone
had his own idea of God and could establish his own unique monotheism. Thus,
as an African, I can base my opinions on the historical secularism, or--to be
still more precise--the ideological and religious pluralism of the state. I
would even go so far as to maintain that secularism is a European and Oriental
problem because the dominant monotheisms in those civilizations prevent

92



NKWATIA-KWAHU DEVELOPMENT PLAN--The chiefs and people of Nkwatia-Kwahu

led by their PDCs have drawn up a five-year development programme estimated
at ¢5 million. Projects envisaged under the programme include a junior
secondary school, extensions to the Health Post to pefit its upgrading to
health centre and building of three nurses quarters. This was disclosed

by. Nana Atuobi Yiadom I, _Nkwatiahene, when project officers of the Eastern
Regional Defence Committee (RDC) visited the health post as part of the

RDC's evaluation of projects being undertaken through self-help. He said
special levies of ¢500 a man and ¢100 a woman for citizens not resident in
the town and #100 a man and ¢50 a woman for residents had been imposed to
finance the projects. Nana Yiadom said over ¢300,000 had so far been
collected and appealed to the Regional Administration, the Department of
Rural Development and Cottage Industries and the RDC to assist them with
materials such as cement, nails and roofing sheets to enable them to complete
the projects on schedule. The head of Projects and Programmes Department of
the RDC, Mr Francis Kwasi Mensah, commended the people for taking the initia-
tive to provide themselves with their basic needs without looking up to the
Central Government.--GNA [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 20 Jul 84

p 8]

cso: 3400/2108

71



[Editorial:

COMMENTARY ON REHABILITATION OF WESTERN RAIL LINE
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Jul 84 p 2

"Full Speed Ahead"]

LAST Friday, July 13, we carried a
report that the evacuation of

’ bauxite, manganese, timber and
‘cocoa has resumed following
the rehabilitation of the Western
Rail line by the Ghana Railway
Corporation.

The Western line runs from Tako-
radi to Kumasi through Tarkwa,
Prestea, and Obuasi, and ac-
cording to official sources in the
Ministry of Lands and Natural
Resources, some 2,000 tonnes
of bauxite has already been
transported to Takoradi port in
two weeks..

The GRAPHIC éalutes the cons-
truction team from Ghana Rail-
way Corporation whose hard.
work has made this achievement
possible. .

The rehabilitation of the Western
line would not have been poss-
ible if it had not been for those

. timber companies who re-
sponded to the call by Mr Kwesi
Renner, Secretary for Lands and
Natural Resources, to provide
monthly supplies of wooden
sleepers to enable the program-
me to go on.

32

GHANA


two predominantly rural areas, Aowin and Juabeso~Bia have grown by 131.4%
and 140.3% respectively.

The important food production district of Nkoransa in Brong Ahafo has
similarly grown by 130.5% whilst in the Eastern Region, the remote, isolated
but agriculturally rich Afram Local Council area has grown by a huge 159.3%,
the highest rate of increase in the whole country.

It seems that at long last, Ghanaians are realising that the nation's
development must rest on a solid agricultural foundation. People are return-
ing to land and seeing farming as a worthwhile occupation.

This may explain why the Northern Region has the highest average growth
rate.

Many people from this region looked to the towns and cities of the south for
jobs, but now they are going home in the realisation that the production of
rice, yam, groundnuts and other agricultural products is preferable to the
uncertainties of urban life.

Therefore whilst the 42.6% national average increase in population over a
period of 14 years may be alarming, in that it shows the crucial need for
production to catch up with and overtake the growing population if we are
to improve our standard of living, the preliminary census results also indi-
cate some reassuring trends.

People are moving into the areas of greatest agricultural potential. Perhaps
we can now say that Ghana's agricultural revolution is under way!

TABLE I
ENUMERATED POPULATION %
-NAME OF REGION INCREASE
1970 1984
ALL REGIONS 8,559,313 42,205,574 42.6
1,° Western 770,087 1,116,930 45.0
2. Central 890,135 1,145,520 28.7
3.° Greater Accra 903,447 1,420,066 57.2
4. Volta 947,268 1,201,095 26.8
5.  EAstern 1,209 ,828 1,679,483 + 38.8
6. Ashanti 1,481,698 2,089,683 41.0
7. Brong Ahafo 766 ,509 1,179,407 53.9 °
8. Northern 727,618 1,162,645 59.8
9. . Upper East 542,858 774,584 42.1
10. Upper West 319,865 439,161 37.3
44



Mozambique {ype accord,
or understanc

come essential,

' . However I do not believe
this become a serious
“problem in the next five

‘years.
iv If one is looking at consti-
‘tutional: fevelopment, then
the the next fi ive years will cer-
tainly see ft see further develop-
‘men spect of blacks.
This done t not mean
merely that more home-

lands may take inde

tutional development in the
field of eration be- i
ifreen and with the black |

“Woche or not the urban! !

be in the forefront
constitutional develop.

other political spheres
there aa be aia aahet

ler pro; The next
Itai the repeal ot |
‘Mix We Act and |
Ben 16 of the Immoral- |

elie

:. ‘Two factors are likely to
pave 2 malo bearing on on

‘of whlch Sib have poll re plea :

: and pact:
in of back
de unions and unemploy-
| ment

113

Black trade unions will
have far greater member-
ship and Jeadership | with

More experience and ex-

Industrial action will in-
crease in intensity and will
sotend bo to more economic

inormaly weak inet
unemployment, this is un-.
Melo e the pein tn,

because of the*
lack of ait of black
labour and the existence of

reservoirs in the black
areas where large pumbers
oft the unemployed will be

‘ en of the unemplo;
there as “illegais” and

erefore not readily and
legitimately able to replace

‘ with the prob!

Unemployed

‘work-seekers.
‘The instability which ts
inherent in ‘level of
unemployment a real

Heese

at the country
The frony is that despite
fy unemployment,

‘this in itself creates even

‘more frustrated than the
‘uneducated.



GHANA

NKORANZA POWER PROJECT TO BE COMMISSIONED
cera PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Jul 84 p 4
[Article by Kofi Yeboah-Agyemang]

[Text] The chiefs and people of Nkoranza will have their electricity
project commissioned by the end of this year, Nana Owusu Ntrahu Barima II,
Adontenhene of the Nkoranza Traditional Area has announced.

The abandoned water project in the area is also to be revived shortly
while the council is to procure a roller and grader of its own for the
maintenance and construction of roads in the area.

Furthermore, the Ministry of Works and Housing has agreed in principle to
allocate 1000 bags of cement every month to the council to put up houses.
An initial supply of 500 bags has already been made.

Nana Owusu Ntrahu Barima who is also a member of the Brong Ahafo Regional
Mobilization Secretariat made the disclosures at the official inauguration
of the Nkoranza District Secretariat of the June 4 Movement.

He stated that plans are well advanced for the settling up of a brick and
tile. factory at Nkoranza by the Ministry of Rural Development and Co-opera-
tives forthe construction of cheaper and durable houses for the people in
the traditional area.

Nana Owusu described as erroneous the impression being created in certain
circles that the present revolution is being initiated by only young
people.

He announced that the Regional Mobilization Secretariat is to organise a
two-day seminar for two representatives each from the 20 traditional

councils, district mobilization representatives and other organs of the
revolution on the burnt cocoa rehabilitation exercise early next month.

Mr Kofi Alisab, branch manager of the local Ghana Commercial Bank, speaking

on accountability traced the woes of the nation to the the 1966 coup d'etat
which he said had no political direction.

49


As citizens of a home-
land, blacks can claim no
citizenship its in the Re-
public of South Africa.

e designation “urban
wane” isa  oaded term
with ideological under-

tones.

It refers to the fact that
blacks are “intruders from
outside”, foreigners who
greate special problems for
the urban whites who are
the a btful inhabitants of

sey are allowed to be
in the cities only insofar as
they fulfil a function within
the labour market.

Conflict

bean poanted they have,
the right to
form Srade unions. This,
however, creates its own
problems.

The blacks are given in-
‘dustrial or labour citizen-

ship, but are denied politi-
cal citizenship. pe

To integrate blacks eco-
nomically while at the
same time k ig them
politically at a dista a ce isa

a labour ” an-
er consequence of the
dea of citizenship to

justice of this “can-
cer’ in the body polite Is

homelands.
tting is a luct of
eee ram

3400/2107

leave ‘aneverty- “stricken
‘areas in the hope of finding
employment in cities.

ives and children ac- ;

mpany them and they
stich together in- spite a
squalid conditions and con-
tinual harassment by the

police.
Pore icy of “no black
onions wiles, soothing
conditions whites,
their consciences so that
they need not accept any
responsibility for the pov-
erty in the homelands or for
the appalling conditions in
“ie

do. the homeland

ents not look after their
own le? And what are
the foreigners doing in our
country and our cities?
ie ay ce
e policy of separat

: development

Do we realise that 50 000

than 50 per reent of blacks In

Pr Strate s with whic ples
inhabitants of South
Aries will be confronted in
ae next few decades: scar-
Fesources, oVer-Pop,
ulation,
labour, ur, urban atic of of
blacks, squatting, unem-
ployment,” education and

affirmative action.

policy of apartheid is

mot arte cause of all these
problems, but it conditions
jand structures them in a
‘certain rigid manner.

* The it of my argu-

ment is that it is impossible
to solve these inter-related
problems without the co-

Speration of all groups in

By y nat ‘allowing all in-
habitants of South ‘erica to
have South African citizen-
ship with a stake in a com-

‘mon fatherland, we are
fis Jol Joint approach

we are in any ‘way con-
cerned, not only about jus-
tice in South Africa but also
about the possibility of a
Bese tas mare shared future, we

blacks Sou’ ‘African citi-
zenship. '
Two statements made
recently summarise the
bien the frst reflect.
the intransigence of the
Government, the second ex-
pressing the claim of
Y for citizenship.
Claim
| Gillomee
: “The Afrikaner
quest to remain the domi-

nant barred up makes it
a te Bate wil,

‘bandon its ina Iasiatence that that

blacks are not South Afri-

yomn citizens”

spokesman for a ‘
of cate in Cape own

expresses the” Tightful
of blacks:

the ere going nowhere. If
the Government wants to
move le to the home-
lands, -it better come
and shoot them here.
“We are just asking for
our rights and we will stay
here until the Government
gives them to us.”


STABLE II

.
Name of Local Council ENUMERATED POPULATION! rcrease
or

1970 1984: | Decrease

GREATER ACCRA 903,447 | 1,420,066] 57.2

1.° Ga L/c ~. 66,336 132,786 | 100.2
2., shai L/c 11,324 12,605 11.3
3, Accra~Tema cc (Accra Dist.) | 636,067, 964,879 | 51.7"
4, Accra~Tema c.c. (Tema Dist.)/ 102,431 190,536 | 86.0
5. Dangbe L/C . 35,459 50,337 | 42.0
6. ada L/C . | 51,833 68,923 | 33.0

cso: 3400/2038

45



"Jews of the Indian Ocean"

It was a Goan who, in the 1960's, gave his country its first gold medal in the
Commonwealth Games. Kenya is mainly beholden to.the Sikhs for having formerly
assembled one of the three best lawn hockey teams in'the world. The industrious
"Asians" are everywhere that there is "magendo"--business--to be transacted and
deals to be made. They own their own homes and ... businesses. The positions
they hold, in retailing in particular, make them visible to others and expose
them to criticism. They have managed to make themselves indispensable, so much
so that many people have come to believe--erroneously--that they hold the
country's economy in their hands.

The arrogance and disdain that a good number of them display toward native in-
habitants, as well as their concern for keeping their distance from them, ex-
plain why the ordinary citizen--the "wananchi"--does not hold them dear to his
heart. He accuses them of being after a profit, often bad debtors, and finally
"sure of themselves and overbearing." Aren't they called the "Jews of the
Indian Ocean"? To relieve tensions and to dispel misunderstandings, Mr Nandhra
agrees that it would be desirable to create more joint business ventures between
Asians and Africans but, he specifies, with “ordinary Africans, not businessmen.
A criticism of the natives' dilettantism? "They mustn't think that everything
will be a cinch. It is necessary to work very hard, 16 hours a day, if they
want to succeed."

If they refuse to consider the grievances of a minority of extremists who con-
sider the "Asians" to be "paper citizens" and who try to alarm them by calling
for a rapid Africanization of the economy, many young Indians are, on the other
hand, sensitive to the relative isolation in which their community exists--and
sometimes revels. The often advanced education that. they have received enables
them to have a broader view of the world around them. They refuse to view their
dealings with the natives in the narrow context of merely creditor-debtor,
buyer-seller relationships. "We must," one of them told us, “recognize African
values and accept the dialogue and its risks. If we want to life in safety in
Kenya, it is up to us to convince our fellow countrymen of our loyalty to this

country."

11915
CSO: 3419/872

74



MNR SUPPLY SOURCES BAFFLE EXPERTS

MOZAMBIQUE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Aug 84 p 11

[Article by Stephen McQuillan and Joao Santa Rita]

[Text]

cso:

Intensification of the effective guerilla
bush war waged by the Mozambique
National Resistance (MNR) has baffled
‘Western observers, unable to solve the
riddle of a mystery supply chain. ,
Five months after the signing of the
historic Nkomati agreement, it seems‘
“the MNR refuses to wither and die.
Shortly after the accord between
Mozambique and South Africa was
signed, the MNR claimed it had war
fcaterial stockpiled to last two years. ‘
But it now admitted it had had to reor-
‘gahise its supply lines.
‘Mr Jorge Correia, the rebels’ repe-
sentative in Lisbon, told 24 Hours the
‘reorganisation had been successfully
“done and South Africa supplies were no

' Jonger important.

“Our main supplies are coming from
four countries in Europe. With 2000 km
‘of coastline we can bring in all the
» Supplies we need,” he said. .
lozambique however claims that
; Supplies are reaching the rebels from
tright-wing groups funded by wealthy
“Portuguese immigrants in South Africa
j— the same people who arranged its
Rhodesian bases in 1977.

Mr Kurt Campbell, research assis-'
tant for. Southern Africa at London’s
Institute for Strategic Studies, said it’
‘was hard to believe that the rebels had
istockpiled a year or more of war ma-!
iterial because the rebels had no per-
(manent bases and were constantly on
the move.

Mr Campbell said it was unlikely a
‘country would supply a year’s equip-

3400/2041

84

ment to any rebel organisation because
it would remove that country’s lever-
age on the rebels.

“The MNR has achieved good re-
sults. It was thought that it would with-
er.and die after Nkomati, but that
‘is obviously not the case.”

Reports that supplies for the rebels
were coming in oh the Mozambican
coast were not new.

Reports that submarines or ships
were bringing in supplies had been
heard for more than a year, he said.

Mr Campbell doubted that supplies
“now reaching the rebels could come
} from any European country,

__ “I think the Mozambicans have ful-
filled their side of the bargain, but the
i jury is still out on South Africa.”

Western diplomatic sources in Ma-

* puto say the MNR activity has forced

the government to restrict travel to.
within the city...

“The Mozambican army isn’t doing
very well against the MNR,” said a
diplomatic source in Maputo. “They
‘are not trained and set up for that kind
‘of response. The Soviets trained them
}for military set-pieces — not effective
in terms of guerilla war.”.

* He said the MNR had been “fat-
tened up” well before Nkomati was
signed.

“They are loaded down pretty well
:with material for a while. Prior to
_Nkomati there was a massive supply
\effort by South Africa. All is now
stashed in the bush. Since then, as far
‘as the Mozambican Government is con-
jcerned, South Africa has not been sup-
‘plying the rebels.”


Bn

We have nothing against state en-
terprises, in fact we endorse
them IN PRINCIPLE because
above every other considera-
tion, they can strengthen the.
hand of the state economically.
Thus progressive governments.
use such power to develop
strong economies in the interest
ofthe people. ~

But in practice we have seen our
enterprises totter on the brink of
bankruptcy. In fact many of them
are still in business thanks to the
‘regular hand-outs from the na-
tional coffers.

|\Sometimes, due to the poor per-
formance of state enterprises
there are cries for privatization.
| But In countries where state
' eneterprises have been returned
or sold to private’ business
people they have been made vi-
able only at a huge social cost,
such as creating unemployment.
Under the circumstances we believe that
a thorough study of our state ente. pri-
ses as this project is going to do is a
very effective means of finding out
what ails them and what can heal them.

But we must caution that it will not do
for a study to merely rely on universal
but abstract concepts for or against
state eneterprises to draw conclu-
sions. We must study the problems as
they are on the ground.

And any recommendation must be to-
wards what we need, which in the
words of Sqn. Ldr. Sowv. is “to make
the state enterprises more viable to
enable the nation reap the full benctits
of the huge investments made in
them.”

I
|

cso: 3400/2038

39



The Tumahole residents have no
real social or political contact
with their more advanced neigh-
bours in the Transvaal townships
like the Vereeniging-Vanderbijl-
park black complexes and Soweto.
This has had the effect of the turn-
ing the Tumahole residents into a
close-knit community with a cul-
ture and thinking of their own.

A prominent feature of Tuma-
hole is the sharp contrast between
the haves and the have-nots. An-
other is the vast gap between the
well-educated and the illiterate.

These sharp contrasts, coupled
with that of isolation, seem to
have had a significant influence in
the recent unrest.

It is not uncommon for certain
people in the township to own a
fleet of some of the latest luxury
imported cars while on the other
extreme, some residents cannot
even afford a bicycle.

It is also a common occurence
for people to own a string of busin-
esses in the area while hundreds of
others cannot find work.

Similarly, it is a common sight
to spot luxury double storey
houses built next to the scores of
shacks which have sprung up in
the area,

Tumahole boasts of several uni-
versity graduates and professional
people, who would, by nature of
their work, earn more than their
lesser fortunate co-residents. >

According to estimate figures
supplied by the residents, over
3000 people are now workless as
a result of the closure of some of
the larger factories which provid-
ed work for the people.

Hundreds of workers have also
been retrenched as a result of the
current economic slump. It is also
estimated that about 150 domestic
workers, most of whom are sole
breadwinners for their families,
are also without work.

A random survey in Tumahole
revealed that an average factory
worker earned R18 a week, while
those employed in shops and gar-
ages ‘earn about R15 for the same
period. Domestic workers earn an
average of R30 per month.

The current high rate of unem-
ployment and the increase in GST
is having an adverse effect on the
resident's livingbelow the bread-

ie.

SHARPEVILLE
BIS 2Vereeniging

125

The situation was aptly de-
scribed by a widow, Mrs Nellie
Motsoari, who said life in the area
had simply become unbearable for
most of the residents, especially
those who had lost their jobs.

“T often think it is better to die
than to live in this poverty-strick-
en hell”.

The untimely announcement by
the local town council that rents
and other service charges were to
be increased by as much as R15
per month in some instances, ap-
pears to have been “the straw
which broke the camel's back,”
commented one resident.- _

It was this announcement which
led to residents calling a. public
rally and inviting councillors to
explain the reason for the in-
creases.

All the councillors however, are
reported to have declined the invi-
tation to attend the rally which
was held in the open veld outside
the township.

- According to reports, some of
the councillors said attending the
rally would be a “waste of time as
the residents would have to pay
the new rates anyway”.

“This,” said resident Mr Mpho
Nkuna, “angered those who at-
tended the rally.



SOUTH AFRICA

SUZMAN'S LONG POLITICAL CAREER DESCRIBED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 8 Aug 84 p 9

[Article by Chris Friemond: "Helen Suzman: She's Not Retired from Opposition

Politics Just Yet"]

[Text]

FOR 382 years Helen
Suzman has watched
from Parliament's Op-;

‘ition benches as all
ve Nationalist Prime
Ministers since 1948
have ruled South

Africa.
‘The extent of her politi-
cal relationship with them
but was clearly
characterised by. mutual

The Progressive Federal Party MP for
Houghton, Mrs Helen Suzman, is about to
become the most senior Member of Parlia-
‘ment. Here she reviews her 32 years in
Parliament and looks at the new constitution-

al era into which South Africa is moving

There was no doubt that he
thought he had all, the
answers and had a divine
mission in life. It’s very

hard to argue with people,

‘like that.
“When Mr John Vorster
-came along it was a little
different, because I had a
lot to do with him as Minis-
ter of Justice. I used to visit
him at the Union Buildings
to intercede on behalf of de-

tainees.

“Whenever I went to see
him he was polite, but there
‘was never any warmth in
his reception ... there was.
no friendship and he was
always disapproving be-
cause I was interceding on
behalf of the ‘enemies’ of
-South Africa.

“When he became Prime
Minister he took a real dis-
like to me and there was
fy dtagonistcTM and very
ly antagonistic and very
hostile.

“ iy relationship with Mr
PW Botha had never been
good, and that dates from

109

way back. I knew that as a
‘Cape Nat organiser and MP

he was one of the motiva-
tors of the removal of

‘coloureds from the common

voters’ roll.

“He was also a Minister
when the four coloured rep-
resentatives were taken out
really daguting it of pol
real -
teal’ chieanery, because it
was done purely to prevent
the Progressive Party win-
ning the seats.

“Mr Botha and I had
some terrible rows in Par-
liament over that. I didn’t:
mince’ words, and neither
did he. He said some really
libelous. about the
Pro ive Party.

“Then, of course, you will.
remember at the time of Dr!
Verwoerd’s assassination in,
1966 Mr Botha lost control’
of himself and shouted at
‘me in Parliament and virtu-
ally accused me and my

liberal friends of arranging
the assassination.



SOUTH AFRICA

LETTER BY KOORNHOF CRITICIZES CRITIC OF HOMELANDS POLICY
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 17 Jul 84 p 12

[Text] Dr. P. G, J. Koornhof, Minister of Cooperation and Development,
Post Box X9034, Capetown:

I would like to comment on the article under the heading "The Homelands
Policy Not the Solution After All" by At Viljoen, which appeared in DIE
VADERLAND of 21 May, 1984.

In my opinion Mr Viljoen is making two basic mistakes in his article with
the result that the government's policy with respect to black people is
not being put in perspective. First of all he couples the success of the
policy to "radical consolidation" and secondly the governments time
estimate on this matter with respect to the new constitutional order of
things for whites, coloreds and Indians is supposed to be wrong.

In my opinion neither one of these aspects are measures of decisive
importance in the conduct of the government's policy. Total consolidation
where each national group would have a single cohesive territory has never
been presented as a prerequisite for separate development. There is no
denying that a more realistic rounding off of the national states might
make this a lot more acceptable to the blacks and to the outside world, but
in terms of the policy of self determination and peaceful coexistence this
ought not be regarded as a prerequisite.

Mr Viljoen's speculation that the government's timing estimate could possibly
be erroneous, is naturally based on his mistaken coupling of consolidation,
as would have been contained in the Van der Walt Commission's report, with
the success of the homelands policy.

I therefore stick to my point by reemphasizing once again, as was done in
the course of the referendum campaign of last year, that the constitutional
position of the black people will not be affected by the new constitutional
order of things.

The creation of appropriate political endowments for the various black

national groups has already been going on for some decades and is still
enjoying the highest priority. People who are coupling this development

118



Vote
Column Column
No. Title 1 2
R R
25 | Education and Training 709 257 000
Including—
Grant-in-aid to the Research Unit for Education System
Planning at the University of the O.F.S. .......00++0++ 61000
Total ......... 721 506 148 000

cso: 3400/2107

123



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

TECHNICAL AID PACT WITH DENMARK--THE Zimbabwean and Danish governments yester-
day signed a technical agreement for personnel who will aid Zimbabwe's engi-
neering and medicine. The agreement, which was signed by the Minister of
Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Cde Frederick Shava and the
Danish Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Neils Julius Lassen, should add a new dimen-
sion to the development co-operation which existed between the two countries.
Aid includes reconstruction of schools, the design of middle-sized dams in

the Midlands, the expansion of the Grain Marketing Board depots at Chengutu
and Norton and equipment provided to the Dairy Marketing Board and the Posts
and Telecommunications Corporation. "The best co-operation between our two
countries has been in the field of personnel, which I hope will and has
brought in new ideas and angles tn solving some of the problems facing
Zimbabwe," said Mr Lassen. Cde Shava expressed his appreciation for the

help with human resources especially the technical staff, which he said, were
“obviously going to be inadequate during our three-year national transitional
period". [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Jul 84 p 5]

EAST BLOC MILITARY COOPERATION-~Zimbabwe has increased its military coopera-
tion with East bloc nations. Rumania may provide licenced production at
Harare of 50,000 AK 47s, and the USSR is to deliver T 59 tanks. [Text]
[Paris AFRICAN DEFENSE JOURNAL in English Jul 84 p 29]

csO: 3400/2041 END

147



JPRS-SSA- 84-097

5 September 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

ANGOLA

MPLA Reportedly Weaker as UNITA Escalates Activities
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 18 Jul 84).........02. seer www eeee wee 1

BOTSWANA

Increased Cattle Raising Causing Problems for Wildlife

(Mort Rosenblum; DAILY DISPATCH, 3 Aug 84).. 3
BURKINA
Briefs
Yugoslavian Cooperation 6
FRG Development Aid 6
Chinese Medical Mission 7
ETHIOPIA

Mekane Yesus Followers Subject to Suspension, Repression
(Guenter Krabbe; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 16 Jul 84)....... 8

GHANA
Information Official on Nation's Search for Political System
(Joyce Aryee Interview; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC,
24, 25 Jul 84). .ceceereceveceeseoeeces ee eee os

CBS Releases Population Figures
(Kojo Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 1 Aug 84).....s-esee002- 19

NDC Retains Control Over Defense Committees
(GHANAIAN TIMES, 24 Jul 84)...ccsececccceccccsccesecseseees 21

Student, Youth Association Convention Previewed
(Samuel Amegah; GHANAIAN TIMES, 19 Jul 84).....-...++-0- eee 23

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



UGANDA

ARMY'S ATROCITIES INTENSIFY ECONOMIC, SOCIAL BREAKDOWN

Munich SUEDDEUTSCHE ZETTUNG in German 2° Jul’ 84°p 3

[Article by Stefan Klein: "Uganda: Relapse Into Old Times of Terror."]

[Text] At first one sees skeletons. Bleached and gnawed off, they are
spread over a large area in such large number that at the outset one instinc-
tively refuses to believe that all of these are bones of human beings. But
then one sees a pile of fresh corpses and all of a sudden no longer has any
doubt that this is a dump for human corpses. There are 16 badly mutilated
bodies lying here who did not die a natural-death and were probably unloaded
here just a few hours ago--for the insects, worms and especially the vultures
that have gathered in the surrounding trees to feed on.

One has the feeling of noticing the penetrating odor of décay--but that is
only imagination, for the horrible scenario comes into being, without germs
and smell, on a video screen. The pictures were taken in Uganda: In the
Luwero District, north of the capital Kampala. The film was made by a team of
the most important Ugandan guerilla movement, the National Resistance Army
(NRA). To be sure, the pictures are not sharp and shaky, but that impairs
only the quality, but not the explosive effect of the documentary film strip,
with which the NRA, in the words of its leader, Yoweri Museveni, wants to show
that the regime of Milton Obote makes itself guilty of systematic mass murder.

To be sure, the horror pictures of Kaya's Farm, a desolate property between
the localities of Luwero and Katoge, do not offer any direct proof that these
dead are indeed victims of the Ugandan army, but who is inclined to doubt it
after everything that has become known about the atrocities of the soldiers?
Thus, for example, the female staff member of a foreign assistance team, which
works in the Luwero District, remembers May 15, "when 1,000 mobile soldiers
arrived, who the next morning moved across the mountains into the nearby vil-
lages of Kiwugo, Kimali, Sambwa and Uyangatten". And further: "At noon the
first wounded came--three children, 11, 6 and 5 years old, and one man, all
with serious stab wounds, inflicted with the evident intent to kill. The next
day, therefore, we took off for the villages to look for further wounded. We
found the broad track of the many soldiers' boots in the mud, two wounded and
at least 20 dead, among them two women who, together with their babies on

141



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S RACIAL HOMELANDS POLICY CRITICIZED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Aug 84 p 10

[Article by Dr Franz Auerbach]

{Text ]

/ What's repeated often enough by au-

thority tends to become accepted
even though it may not be true.
Government voices have so often
told us we're a multinational coun-
try that many accept it as correct: a
number of “black nations” in sepa-
rate national states where they can
have self-determination just as
‘whites have in “their” country and
where they can run their “own af-
fairs” as can whites, coloured peo-
ple and Asians in “their” (single) na-:
tional state.

But to pretend that the differ-|
ences between Xhosas and Zulus
make them separate “nations” when
‘equally great differences between’
Roman Catholic Portuguese-speak-;
ing whites and Dutch Reformed:
Afrikaans-speaking whites make.
them be part of one nation is clearly’
nonsense.

. ‘Gujerati-speaking. Hindus and
iEnglish-speaking Christians, all,
telassified Indian, fit into one “na-,
ition” (or is it part of one South Afri-
ican nation that includes everyone
‘but the African majority?) :
{. What makes a nation may differ
ifrom one place to another: there are
three national states in which Ger-:
man is the only official language,’
‘and two more where it is an official
‘one; and of course far more where
!nglish is the mother-tongue. Many
modern nations are comprised of
people with a. number of different

religions. 7

102

A common territory and a com-
mon history often forge a nation,
but several modern examples show
‘that divisions can remain, as they
ido in Ireland, Cyprus and the Indian
;Sub-continent, even. where history
and land might suggest a gradual
' growth of unity. ‘
‘” The common “white” identity that
‘4s supposed to exist, if it overrides
i cultural, religious and language dif-
jferences, is clearly based on “race”,
‘or rather on race classification. |
; In our country this carries with it :
common privileges which tend to’
play down the differences —.but in

: African society similar -differences
‘are supposed to lead to separate
'“nationhood” even though the ex-
jperience of common levels of racial
;discrimination in reality acts as a
; unifying factor.
: Even the land base of “national
‘states” makes little sense. Several
‘— eg Bophuthatswana and kwaZulu
— consist of several, patches of ter-,
ritory; there are two Xhosa states
for no ethnic or economic. reason,
and two Tswana states though one
of them is outside our borders.

Then most Tswanas and Tsongas
and South Sothos live outside “their”
national states, as do more than 40
percent of all Zulus, Xhosas and

edis (North Sotho). And several
million of them were born and have
spent their whole lives outside
“their” national states.


GHANA

AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS, STRATEGIES FOR 1984-86 ANNOUNCED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Jul 84 p 1

[Text]

GHANA has embarked on a number of
agricultural programmes and other stra-
tegies to achieve maximum food produc-
tion for the period 1984-1986. :

‘This was stated by Mr John Ndebugre, PNIIC Secre-
tary for Agriculture at the 134th Regional Ministerial
Planning Session of the Food and Agriculture Organisa-
tion (FAO) which opened in Harare, Zimbabwe on July

Mr Ndebugre said the programmes included the for-
mation of farmers’ organisations to handle food produc-
tion programmes, provision of irrigation facilities and the
establishment of rural service centres and credit facilities

‘Mr Ndebigre,-leading a. four-man Ghanaian delega-
tion, told the session that during the 1983-84 period,
Ghana had had to face a food deficit of 280,000 metric
tonnes. He said however that in the face of those pro-
blems, the people were undaunted as far as their deter-
mination to produce and feed themselves was concerned.

“For the purposes of directing agricultural activities,
Ghana. has just sgompleted compiling an agricultural
policy, detailing her section plans and strategi
1984-1986," he added? ies for the

Mr Ndebugre said Ghana has set modest targets in the
production of rice, maize and cassava ‘as well as poultry,
livestock, and fisheries since they together formed the
bulk of “our food needs.” .

He said Ghana would need agricultural inputs in the
form of chemicals, machinery and equipment as well as

cso: 3400/2038

62

technical know-how, some of which were being met. from
the country’s own resources — human and material.

“However, like all developing countries: we shall need
assistance especially, technical assistance to supplement
our own efforts.”

‘The Agriculture Secretary therefore renewed Ghana's
call to the industrialised and advanced countries to step
up assistance in the transfer of appropriate technology to
Africa to enable her to transform her natural resources
into useable implements of. production.

“He said Ghana would be pleased to welcome other
bilateral donors and international financial organisations
to assist with the infrastructure and technical support to
implement her grain-stocking policies.

r Ndebugre, on behalf of the Ghana Government,
paid tribute to the United Nations Organisation and FAO
in particular for efforts being made to make the world a
better and more peaceful place for mankind.

He commended and thanked the World Food Pro-
gramme as well as bilateral donors, governmental and
non-governmental and international agencies for their
direct assistance and suppore during Ghana's recent:
difficult times. .

Mr Ndebugre extendéd Ghana’s warmest appreciation
and thanks to the government and the people of Zim-
babwe for hosting the conference and fraternal greetings
from the Chairman of the ruling Provisional National
Defence Council, Fit.-Lt. Jerry John Rawlings.



Justice Annan stated that the NCD, established under Section 6 of PNDC Law 42
shall in addition to performing functions related to electoral processes,
disseminate within the society the awareness of the objectives of the on-
going revolutionary transformation in the interest of real democracy.

Additionally, he said, it will regularly identify from its contact with the
people the real needs especially in the remotest areas of the country and
among the deprived sections of the community and notify the government
constantly of these needs.

The NCD will also assess for the information of the government the limita-
tions to the achievement of true democracy arising from the existing inequal-
ities between different strata of the society and make recommendations for

addressing these.

Justice Annan said that the NCD would also monitor the implementation of
government policies designed to meet the urgent needs of the Ghanaian
population and report to government regularly its observations.

Furthermore, he stated, the NCD would formulate for the consideration of
government programmes for a more effective realisation of a true democracy

in Ghana and to wind up the political parties that were in operation before
the December 31 Revolution and recover all assets of such parties for disposal
or use by organisations as shall be charged with their disposal or use.

cso: 3400/2038

48



SOUTH AFRICA

POSSIBLE POLITICAL COMEBACK SEEN FOR CONNIE MULDER
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Aug 84 p 4
[Article by Frans Esterhuyse]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — It has been
a rough and lonely road for
Dr Connie Mulder to come in
from the cold. But his immi-
nent return to the main-
‘stream of politics promises
to be but the start of a new
era in his turbulent political
career.

His nomination by the Conser-
vative Party to the new Presi-
dent’s Council may prove to be
‘but a stepping-stone for him to-
wards a direct confrontation
-with his accusers and political
‘executioners.

Dr Mulder made it clear dur-
ing an interview last week that
he is still itching to get back
into Parliament.

He said Parliament was his
first choice and if a suitable va-
.cancy occurred he would go for
it — even if it meant resigning
from the President’s Council.

97

Investigation

Dr Mulder said he was not worried
about threats of parliamentary
action against him for his doings
at the time of the Information
affair. He would welcome a select
committee investigation as called
for by the official Opposition at
that time.

"It would give me an opportunity
to give the real facts and to clari-
fy the position of a few other
people."

Dr Mulder said, however, that he
pelieved no parliamentary action
could be taken against him if he
should be elected to Parliament in
the future.



It directed further that the chairman, secretary, organizing secretary and
treasurer of the Co-ordinating Committee be elected in the established manner
by direct vote of all the workers of the establishment.

According to the statement, membership of Defence Committees were open to
all persons. prepared to uphold and defend the basic objectives of the Revo-
lution and with proven record of patriotism, integrity and democratic prac-
tice.

To this end, it said "all persons who seek to become defence committee
executives must in addition to satisfying the general provisions of the
guidelines, show a proven record of active participation in the defence
committee for at least a period of one year prior to the date of the
elections."

cso: 3400/2108

22



CA: Well, I thank you very much for affording us this opportunity to clarify
these points about Ghana. But just as I told you I was going to end the
interview something came into my mind again and it is about the political
situation in Ghana.

You know we have cases of Ghanaians coming to West Germany here to seek
political asylum on the grounds that there is persecution, either on account
of religion, on account of politics and things like that.

Is there any justification for people to give these reasons to the German
authorities in order to secure political asylum?

JA: Of course not. I think the German people show that and those who come
also know that the reason why they have to find such excuses is that if
they really gave the correct reason for coming here, which is usually to
seek greener pastures, they would be turned down. Because, on account of
the world recession the German government feels that the pastures are not so
green as to be able to withstand additional seekers of employment, because
they have a [few words illegible] (unemployed) people, plenty of them.

And as you know, as far as the German laws are concerned, immediately after
the second world war there was a law to make it easy for nationals, Germans,
who as a result of the war had been split into two, to come here and they had
a vague clause called "human rights as a result of political persecution"
that is always vague. And I think that in truth everybody knows that it is
an albatross. I am sure they wished they had a way of changing the laws.

Reason

So once people come in and they use such reason, according to the law they
have to be given a chance to prove their case. The incidence of approving
political asylum is such as to prove that almost everybody who comes here
is lying. But when you know democracy has its share of hypocrisy in the
sense that here you are saying that well, if there is human rights violation
you can come and stay here and so you go through the process of going to
court, paying money and so.on and so forth even though you know that it isn't
true.

Well, it is a price to pay for democracy and it is a good price. So they
have to go through the process. People would continue to lie to them, but
they have to live with it because it is a situation that they have created.

CA: Thank you very much.

cso: 3400/2038

18



POOR VOTER ROLES IMPEDE COLOURED, INDIAN ELECTIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Aug 84 pill

[Text]

cso:

The voters rolls which: col-
oured and Indian political
_ parties have to use in the
* forthcoming elections for the
} non-white Houses in the trica-
: meral Parliament were noth-
ing short of a “political
crime”. .
i, ‘This is the view of Profes-
‘sor Willem Kleynhans. -
i Voters rolls have been the
centre of controversy since
the election campaigns began
qwith reports of error, omis-
sion and duplications. These
have threatened to turn the
elections into a farce.

CONDEMN

Professor Kleynhans, head
of political studies at the Uni-
versity of South Africa, said
the voters rolls were in a
"state of chaos.

“In the Eersterus constitu-
ency, 75 percent of names on
the roll cannot be traced,” he
:said:

j “There is no language
strong enough to condemn
‘this. How are coloured and In-
{dian candidates, with little or
no election experience, ex-
, pected to contest an election
when their most important
tool — the voters roll — is in
a terrible state. It is a dis-
ace.”
Professor Kleynhans said

3400/2107

some candidates for the
Houses had received a copy of
the voters roll for their con-
stituency only four to five
weeks before polling day.

“That is not nearly enough
time to do any canvassing,”
he said. “And on top of that,
the lists they recieved were
out of date.

“Can you imagine the frus-
tration of these people. They
go walking from house to
house only to find that the
voters whose names appear
on. the roll no longer live at
that address, and the new oc-
cupant is neither registered
nor able to say where the pre-
vious owner is,” Professor
Kleynhans said.

REQUIRED

He. said most candidates
had neither the funds nor the
machinery required to trace
missing voters. :

“Voters are required by law
to provide change of ad-
dresses but they never do and
no South African Government
has ever prosecuted anyone
for failing to do so.”

Professor Ki added
that when the delimitation
commission sat to draw the
boundaries of the constituen-
cies for the forthcoming two
elections they used the popu-

101

SOUTH AFRICA

lation register to do so.

- “But for reasons already
explained that register was:
invalid. People have moved
away, died, and got married,
very few are at the same ad-
dress.

“The old coloured voters
roll was used as a starting
point but ‘that too is hopeless-
ly out of date. It was com-

piled at the time of the last

CRC elections,” he said.

DELIMITATION

“If these elections had been
properly organised the deli-’
mitation committees would
have sat for at least six
months during which time all
the voters rolls could have
been updated.

“Then the (new) lists should
have been made available to
political parties three months
in advance of an election
date. That is. the way these
elections should have been
handled,” he said.

“But the coloureds and In-
dians allowed themselves to
be rushed into it by (Minister
Chris) Heunis and (Minister
F W) de Klerk with the result
that the whole thing is a

shambles.”
‘(Report by G van Staden, 47 Sauer Street,
Johannesburg).



GHANA

ESTABLISHMENT OF FOOD STORAGE DEPOTS PROPOSED
Accra GHANATAN TIMES in English 19 Jul 84 p 2
[Editorial: "Self-Help Storage"]

[Text] Nana Atta Kwasi Brembi II, Omanhene of Suaman-Dadieso and president
of the Western Region House of Chiefs, has appealed to traditional councils
in the country to liaise with the PDCs to establish self-help food storage
depots to take in the current good harvests, particularly corn. This is a
worthwhile suggestion which should be seriously considered by all concerned.

At the moment a lot of people are putting much expectation in whatever steps
the Government will take to get the grains stored for the lean period. This
means that state organizations such as the Food Distribution Corporation,
Ghana National Procurement Agency, and GNTC are expected to attend to
storage in a big way. However, the question is, how well are these organiza-
tions equipped to fulfill this task?

The Food Distribution Corporation is the main organization which can take up
the task of storage of grains on the large scale. But even if it has the
storage facilities to store all the excess grains, it is clear that it has
not got the money for buying all of it for storage. The organization says
it will require ¢6 billion to buy off what it has estimated to be the excess
expected from the harvests. But we would be amazed if the corporation is
able to get even one-third that money. So with all the goodwill and enthu-
siasm to store all the surplus produce from the system, the corporation may
not have the means to accomplish it. .

So if we are going to put all hopes for storage on these organizations,
we would again be experiencing what happened before, when we had to throw
fish back into the sea or destroy a lot of it because there was no ready
market for the surpluses and no adequate storage facilities for them. And
we would also repeat the case when there was too much food for some two
months and not enough soon after that because we could not store for the
future the surplus foodstuffs during the bumper harvests. So we had to
suffer undeserved shortages later.

30


have emerged and there
might have been a break-
down of the migratory la-
bour system which has
been such a blot on the
whole socio-economic
structure of this country.
“I also think of the vast
number of immigrants

we would have got. In- |

stead, they swept on to
Australia and went
across to Canada. If they
had come here it would
have-made a great differ-
ence to the whole devel-

opment and ‘thinking of:

uth Africa.

Mrs Suzman does not deny '

there has been change in
National Party policy
since the mid-Fifties.

“T think there have been
several important
changes, and I think it’s
more than a change of
image. But ‘the changes

have come so late and.

now the cost is going to be
80 much greater.”

Chan; to labour policy :

and the consequences

which have given blacks ‘

more bar; ig power

have been very impor- :

tant, she believes.

Ironically, when labour re-

forms were at their

height in 1979, Mrs Suz-—

man said she heard Na-
tionalist MPs making
similar speeches calling
for greater black involve-
ment to those she made in
the Fifties ... and for
which she was-denigrat-

ed.
‘She believes the 99-year

cso: 3400/2107

* leasehold system for
black home ownership
was an im| int change,
but that it is still not the
same as freehold.

“You might say the new

Constitution itself is a.

change, with coloureds
and Indians being
brought into the struc-
ture. That is true, but our
attitude is that the very
exclusion of blacks at the

of a new Constitu-
tion is repeating the old
mistakes of 1910 when it
was thought the black
population could be ex-
cluded. .

luded. : :
“I think we will pay for this

* mistake with increased
urban violence,” Mrs Suz-
man said.

She is not optimistic about
the future of either the
new Parliament or the
country under Nationalist:

rule.

“I don’t see blacks being
brought into the system,
certainly within the fore-
seeable future.’ The Con-
stitution has been struc-
tured in such a way . that

“itis Impossible.” Where
do you fit in 20-million
blacks on a 4:2:1 ratio?

“I think the Nats truly be-

lieve that by giving
blacks a vote in- the
Homelands they have
solved the wider question
of political rights and
they think something can
be done for urban blacks
ona more limited basis in
the urban areas,”’ she

ili

Mrs Suzman does not be-
lieve the Nationalists
contemplate including
blacks in central deci-
sion-making any more

they contemplate
the removal of the cor-
nerstones of apartheid,
such as the Population
Registration Act, the
Group Areas Act, influx
control and separate edu-
cation.

Asked how her attitude to
the Nationalists has
changed — if at all — in
32 years, Mrs Suzman
said: “I don’t think I've
‘calmed down’. I think
T've becorie exasperated
. +. Fealising that much of
what I say is repetitive.
But I can’t help it use.
the Nats’ policies are re-
petitive.

“One gets a little older and
perhaps a little less brash
.. but I hate the National
Party’s policies as much
as I’ye always hated
them.”

‘Mrs Suzman believes it is

difficult to say what role
the Opposition will play
under the new Constitu-
tion, Much will depend on
the level of public debate.
“If there is no airing of
views in public, the sharp
edge of opposition could

“__be undermined,” she said.

She believed there was “no
question” that the PFP
had to participate in the -
new system and do its.
best to continue pressing
for change.



cso;

and its distribution through-
out the count would
uire the to be
fitted into the new
dispensation in a special
way.
It should also be noted
that the community was not
called upon to register to
vote in the Au; 22 elec-
tions for the coloured House
of Representatives.

These indicators appear
to point to the representa-
tion of the Chinese in the
‘white House of Assembly,
whether or not they join a
common roll with whites,

Such a formula might ex-
clude those Chinese living
in “non-white” group areas,
who might ‘then find them-
selves represented in the
coloured House.

Overall, the Chinese are
anticipating that they will
be almost fully recognised
by the white group with
which they have identified
closely in social and eco-
nomic terms since the first
traders arrived here in the
1890's.

But this much should be’

clearly understood: the Chi-
nese don’t -want to be white;
they want to be Chinese and
equal to whites,

Politically, says Mr Man,’

the community cannot as-
pire to being a pressure

group. Its tiny size gives it’

no clout.

Until now the Chinese
have lived in ‘South Africa,
it would seem, according to
one adage of the et los-
,opher Confucius: “He who

uires much from himself

and little from others, will,

keep himself from being the
object of resentment”.

A recently published
book, “The Chinese People
of South Africa”, written by
Dr Linda Human of the
Unisa School of Business
Leadership three years ago,

3400/2107

. Points out that the commun-
ty had found it more expe-

lent, because of its size, to
fight for its own cause than
to concern itself with that of
blacks ‘in general.

This may change. While
the community cannot flex
muscle, it could, however,
Spread its wings a little. In
time, South Africa’s Chinese
community may come to

represent a moral point of
erence in the political
arena, backed as it is by a
rich and valuable culture
which it would be glad to
share. ‘

It is possible that South
Africa’s Chinese will feel
secure enough to begin to
define a political stance be-
yond themselves, and move

another direction indicat-
ed by Confucius:.“A man of
seoking establish immels

es ,
finds a foothold for others
and who, desiring attain-
ment for himself, helps
others to attain”.

South Africa’s Chinese
community. differs quite
dramatically from other
communities abroad, for
example, in Britain and the
United States, where the
communities remain eco-
nomically isolated, takin;
employment that does
threaten workers of the host
country, usually concen-
trated in “Chinatowns”, and
resisting assimilation.

Here, Chinese people
have a high level of contact
with whites, are mainly
scattered through white
communities, compete in
the white jeden, market

eral to —
Bnd dre able fo epire to =

e same goals of upwar
mobility and economie
securit

Traditional Chinese val-
ues and the need to over-
come the discriminatory ef-
fects of South African

132

legislation have. led the
community to place a high
premium on education,
financial security and gen-
eral betterment. And the
vast majority of Chinese

have achieved this. '

Many Chinese grew up
with the prospect of educat-
ing themselves here, then
emigrating to escape the
unpredictable nature of
their relationship with the

"apartheid society. Now

emigration ts tailing off as
the community's position
has eased.

Mr Man, who has a BSc, a
BCom, and an MBA, esti-
Mated that, of the students
who were with him at uni-
versity in 1965, only 30%
are still in the country.
These days it would be 80 or

ne r fiuman says that, &
ough many ie
Chinese way of life have
been pushed into’ the back-
ground by assimilation, Chi-
nese South Africans will re-
main culturally insular by,
choice.

Mr Man says: “We distin-

lish between a cultural.
identity and a racial identi-'

-The point is illustrated by
Casa’s y — executed by
its regional associations — |
of encouraging Chinese

outh to learn more about
eir own traditions and
philosophy.

Three years ago Dr Hu-
man wrote: “The Chinese
are weary and ical:
cynical about South Africa;
weary about so-called hu-
man rights. ’

“They have been label
too long, promised too much
too frequently, turned away
too’ consistently, and let
down too tently for
them to believe. Equality is
too long overdue and the
Chinese have turned away.”

Will this now change?’



For peace to reign in that area the struggle must be won decisively by the
popular forces. Any other arrangement will fail to bring lasting peace.
Of course, we are not advocating a military solution as the means, or. the
only means, towards a peoples' victory.

But whilst this struggle is going on it is important that the peoples of
Asia and Africa and progressive people everywhere give their solidarity to
those involved in the struggle. This gives them confidence and raises their
morale either for negotiation or for war, if the latter is forced upon them.

The people of Latin America and the Caribbean desire and deserve peace for
their development efforts. It is in this light that we commend the call of
Ghana and Guyana for the establishment of a zone of peace in that area.

We support also the efforts of the Contadora Group to find a negotiated
solution to the problems there. But we must not lose sight of the fact
that several experts have identified hunger, poverty, malnutrition and
general low standards of living and oppression as the causes of the strife
in that part of the Americas.

Thus, the fact that the U.S. government tends to see the hand of Cuba and
Moscow behind every rebellion should not obscure the truth from those who
seek peace in Latin America.

Flt-Lt Rawlings’ denunciation of the efforts to subvert the Nicaraguan and
Cuban Revolutions is a clear stand on the side of peace in Central America,
Latin America and the Caribbean.

THE GRAPHIC, on behalf of the people of Ghana, welcomes Flt-Lt J.J. Rawlings,
Chairman of the PNDC back to Ghana after his prolonged visit which took him
to Nicaragua, Cuba, Guyana and elsewhere.

Flt-Lt Rawlings’ visit is significant in many respects. It has firmly
linked the struggle of the people of Ghana and of other African countries
with the struggles of people with similar aspirations on the other side of
the Atlantic.

On first assuming office, President Figueredo of Brazil said "the Western
Frontier of Brazil is Africa."

It was from the shores of Africa that millions were carried across the
Atlantic as slaves.

And we can equally say that "our eastern frontier is the Americas.”
In both these areas, there are countries whose people are engaged in similar

struggles to transform the social systems which have kept their masses in
a state of oppression and mental slavery.

54



cso:

: Transvaal leader Mr Alex An
dersoh said today he would not
join the NP while it reserves the ,

jtop jobs for Broederbond mem-

«bers and has no viable policy for

,urban blacks.

He said provincial leaders
met recently and members
were briefed on the caucus’s
views on the future.

“The Transvaal does not nec-
essarily accept the caucus opin-
jon — caucus is in any case not
sa decision-making body of the
party — and we have’ asked Mr
Raw to brief us more fully at a
meeting of the executive on Sat-
urday.” _.

* “Mr ‘Anderson thought the
party’s future could be decided
best by a meeting of the federal
council, and no date for that had
been set.

He believed there were many

: moderate South Africans who

3400/2107

108

would like their political home

*to be between the NP and the
- Progressive Federal Party.

“T believe those people have a
right to see their views reflect-
ed.”

Lower down in the Transvaal
NRP hierarchy, several mem-
bers canvassed by The Star ex-

‘pressed their doubts about the

future of the NRP. Some people
thought there was no future un-
Jess the leadership was changed.

There is a distinct element in
the party leaning towards the
idea of joining the Nats, particu-.
larly since the NRP supports
the new Constitution and has a
commitment to ensure that it
works.

-One idea mentioned was that
the NRP should revert to the
United Party and try to attract
any disgruntled Prog represen-
tatives and supporters.


KENYA

"ASIAN' INFLUENCE IN KENYA
Paris LE MONDE in French 30 Jul 84 p 6
[Article by Jacques de Barrin: "The Quiet Strength of the ‘Asians'..."]

[Text] Amin Dada drove them out of Uganda overnight. He
wasn't any better off as a result. The Indians of East
Africa, the "Asians," often irritate the natives, but they
are valuable people. Since long ago, when the coolies
arrived, they have become a strong, tranquil, industrious,
well-off and indispensable community.... The only thing
that remains is for them to be liked.

Nairobi--Most of the 6,000 Sikhs who settled in Kenya four or five generations
ago do not understand very well the stakes in the conflict between their co-
religionists, around the Temple of Gold, in New Delhi's government, since ©
one-third of them have never been to India. When they travel abroad today,
they are much more likely to visit friends and relatives who have emigrated to
Europe or North America. Their president, Mr Nandhra, admitted: "Our ties
with our mother country are becoming looser every day." The Sikhs are only
one of many components of the Indian community, within which Parsis, Hindus,
Ishmaelite Moslem Jains, Catholic Goans and all sorts of other sects coexist
in harmony. There are few or no mixed marriages. At the same time, each group
maintains its individuality, its own temples or mosques, its clubs and often

its own schools.

What is the total number of these "Asians," as they are called here? In the
August 1979 census, they officially numbered 78,600 out of a population of

15 million, as opposed to 139,000 10 years earlier. Could a massive exodus

have thinned their ranks to such an extent? Actually, experts agree that those
results were grossly doctored. The Indians have really tried to voluntarily
reduce the size of their families because of the census takers, for fear that
the statistics would show an excessively high figure, which could alarm native
inhabitants. Thus the truth is that today they probably number about 150,000,
more than half of whom have acquired Kenyan citizenship. But no matter what
happens, regardless of whatever hand fate deals, the Sikhs and the others will
not turn around and go away, they will not melt into the Asian multitudes. What
would these "socially outclassed" people have to gain by doing so, they who have
managed to make a place in the sun for themselves here by the sweat of their

brows?

72



Among other things, the convention would try to probe for the root causes of
conflicts in the comity of nations, recommend measures to adopt for the
creation of "greater equity in international economic relations and to help
establish conditions in which human dignity will be fully upheld and respected."
In this vein it becomes more pertinent that delegates from student and youth
organizations in Africa in particular are attending the convention in further-
ance of brotherliness and understanding among Africa's future leaders as the
springboard for closing the ever-widening gap between the exploiting countries
and the rich-but-poor African continent.

Theme

The invitation also of other Ghanaian youth to the convention must produce
the desired melieu for social interaction and remove certain negative atti-
tude towards students so that concrete attempts could be made to enable the
youth in a concerted effort to help find a panacea to the many staggering
socio-economic problems facing the country.

In terms of regular organization of symposia to broaden the outlook of
students and the youth on global issues, GUNSA stands supreme and is the
most respected among the country's students’ groups. However, the convention
serves as the mouthpiece of the association in the formulation of plans for
the future of the association. It is also at the convention that the new
national executives are elected into office.

And as if by design, this year's convention has as its theme "A responsible
youth for better Ghana" which invariably sums up the message of the Inter-
national Youth Year (IYY) of 1985. Running parallel to this important theme
is the selection of an equally important national figure, Dr Obed Asamoah,
Secretary for Foreign Affairs, who would open the floodgates of progressive
ideas and discussions for the convention.

A nation that has a substantial proportion of its population constituting
the youth who are patriotic, sensible, hard-working, God-fearing and above
all studious has the greatest asset to boast of.

Unfortunately, the truth of this is a far cry in Ghana. How many times
have not well-meaning people called on our youth especially the student
component, to desist from wasting their time in discos and dance halls, to
stop the urban drift for non-existent white-collar jobs and help develop
their rural settings?

Victims

That these pieees of advice have fallen on deaf ear is accentuated by the
negative lifestyles of the elderly people in the society to our own detri-
ment. Besides, the youth have become victims of mal~administration and
unprogressive decisions taken by those placed in positions of high authority.

24



Are we forced to conclude, then, that Senegal's Islamic revolution is just
around the corner? Not even Latif Gueye thinks so: "We prefer to deal with
problems step by step. The current stage is to show the true face of Islan,
this phenomenon of our time which surpasses human understanding. It is a
transcendence and a means of combat. The next stage? Only the All-Powerful
knows the future."

If one can believe Sidi Lamine Niasse, Latif Gueye's superior and head of the
group, "Islam, the only religion that God accepts," is an ideology capable of
organizing every area of life, and of satisfying what the Wolof sage Kotya
Barma considers to be the three fundamental human cycles: dyi, goob and lek
(sowing, harvesting and eating). That is why "struggling for the overthrow of
the ruling power becomes the solution to the problems of underdevelopment and
foreign domination."

Secularity

Despite external manifestations that are clearly spectacular, "it is a long way
from Islam as a refuge to Islam as a militant force," believes Christian
Coulon, author of the book, "Les Musulmans et le Pouvoir en Afrique,”
(Karthala, Paris, 1983). Nevertheless, one cannot discount the possibility that
this dynamism might in the future assume more active forms and incite true
Muslim political militancy,

After all, in the most recent presidential elections, the great holy men of
Tivaouane and Touba gave formal voting instuctions to their talibes (followers)
for the first time in Senegal's political history. Doubtless they pronounced
themselves in favor of the ruling Socialist Party [PS] and for its candidate,
Mr Abdou Diouf, a Muslim, who certainly needed a broad electoral mandate to
retain the power outgoing President Senghor had bequeathed to him.

As pointed out by a French businessman established in Senegal, the political
exploitation of the Muslim leaders is a tradition started by Leopold Sedar
Senghor, a Christian, who was able, whenever he saw an opportunity, to make use
of both the strengths and the weaknesses of Senegalese society in ways that no
French colonial administrator was ever able to do.

Of course, the voting instructions did not produce the expected results, since
the PDS was most successful in the more important religious constituencies such
as Diourbel. All of which may go to show that "the Senegalese know how to put
limits on religion when they have to." "Our militants frequently tell us," adds
Mr Fara Ndiaye, himself a fervent Muslim and former student at the famous
Koranic school of Serigne Ahmadou Dabo, "that the conversations they have with
their religious instructors concern the hereafter; as for their problems on
earth, they bring those to us, and they don't mix the two together."

But is it not possible that in allowing them to get mixed up in "ephemeral"
affairs by appealing to the voters a path is being opened up toward an
evolution that could lead the religious leaders to try to organize as an
autonomous force once they have established their electoral strength at the
national level?

90



eso:

US specialists argue
for more emphasis on
food production. ‘Bots-
wana-grew only five per
cent of its food needs
last year, largely be-

cause of drought, and re- .

lies on international aid
for 55 per cent of its food
requirement.

Government officials
note cattle have been
central to Botswana’s
culture for centuries,
and 60 per cent of all
citizens derive some
direct income from the
herds.

“We talk about de-
veloping wildlife for
tourism, but that doesn’t
put money into the
peasant’s pocket,” a
senior official said.

But critics argue the
distribution is badly
skewed. Despite Bots-
,wana’s reputation for re-
latively corruption-free
"government, powerful
financial and political
interests clearly domin-
ate the beef industry.

Mr Brink’s agents buy
weakened cattle from

3400/2041

small herders, at dis-
counted rates. Other
large ranchers, often
government officials,
control water points and
,usable rangeland,
; crowding out smallhol-
ders who cannot with-
stand the drought.

A senior civil servant
— since removed —
boasted openly of own-
ing 1500 cattle and evad-
ing all taxes, according
to government sources.
They added that he was
not a rarity.

Officially, a careful ba-
lance is sought between
cattle and wildlife so
that one does not dis-
advantage the other. In
practice, ecologists say,

_ wild animals have no
chance.

' . “Look, this is cattle
country,” an Agriculture
: Ministry official said in
an interview. “I like
wildlife, but let's face it:
if all wildlife dis-
appeared tomorrow, our
job would be 75 per cent
easier. It would be like
heaven.” — SAPA-AP.



In the first part of the century, Sir Harry Johnston, a British governor, pre-
dicted that "East Africa will be the America of the Hindus." The tens of thou-
sands of coolies shipped to Kenya to build the Mombasa-Nairobi-Kampala railroad
founded their own families and, from ballast layers, became tradesmen and big
businessmen from one generation to the next.

Perfect Victims

Idi Amin Dada's expulsion of the "Asians" from Uganda in 1972 made them aware

of their precarious fate. The fantasy of a half-crazed dictator? That decision
deserved to be taken very seriously, and it was, for it revealed the feelings,
whether rational or not, whether vague or not, of part of the local. public.

Ten years later, Kenya's Indians were the perfect victims of the unrest that
followed the abortive coup d'etat of 1 August 1982: in a few hours, more than
300 shops were sacked, causing at least $40 million in damages. Undesirables?
Yet their history is identified with Kenya's. As early as 1907, Winston Churchill]
inquired about finding a place for them in local institutions and saw "no reason
to exclude this deserving and numerous class," whose first representative was
appointed to the colony's “Legislative Council" 2 years later. The creation of
the Indian National Congress in 1914 was aimed’ at “achieving total equality
before the law" with the Europeans. To vindicate their rights, these coolies
later launched, in public works and railroads, the first strike that the country
ever had.

Although some people accuse them of having entered Kenya in the baggage of
colonial authorities, the Indian community was very careful not to side with

the latter, and many of its members took part, from the beginning, in the
struggle for independence. These "Asians" have deserted the political arena
today. They do not have any "friends" in either the government or parliament.
Their sole parliamentary representative, Krishnan Gautama, was not a candidate,
for his electoral district of Nairobi, in the parliamentary elections of
September 1983. However, the defense of their interests requires them not to
ignore what is brewing in the halls of government. But they believe it is wiser,
and perhaps more effective, not to.be too conspicuous. For example, it is known
that these "Asians" are financing, in a rather substantial way, the election
campaigns of the Kenyan African National Union (KANU), the sole party in power.

The Indian community, representing less than 1 percent of the total population,
alone provides one-fourth of the gross domestic product. It controls, among
other things, three-fourths of retail trade, one-half of the light-industry
sector, and 60 percent of the construction industry. One-third of the attorneys
are "Asians." The Chandaria consortium owns about 150 industrial plants in
about 50 countries.... It is the Ishmaelite community, whose spiritual leader
is the Aga Khan, that appears to be the best organized and most active. It has
its own secondary schools and hospitals. It has large holdings in key sectors
of the Kenyan economy, banking, tourism, the news media. Actually, each group
of "Asians" has its own specialty: the Sikhs are skilled in civil engineering
and the military; the Goans are valued as teachers and accountants; the Hindus
excel in retailing and medicine.

73



MOZAMBIQUE

MILITARY COMMANDER DESCRIBES OFFENSIVE AGAINST BANDITS
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 6 Jul 84 pp 1, 8-9
{Article by Jose Manuel]

[Text] The military offensive in Inhambane Province aimed at eliminating
the armed bandits and restoring peace in the region is being conducted
extensively and decisively, with a view to making this year the year that the
enemy is wiped out and work on rebuilding the devastated areas is begun.

In an interview granted to our special envoy, the Military Commander of
Inhambane Province, Major General Domingos Fondo, said that ever since

the Nkomati Agreement was signed, various attacks against enemy positions had
been carried out, culminating in the destruction of all the bandits' bases
and the death of more than 100 "matsangaissas," with 52 turning themselves
over to our forces, 30 of whom also turned in their weapons.

Qur source reports that there are now no bandit bases in that region of the
country, thanks to the current military offensive. However, as they feel
the circle formed by the FAM-FPLM and the people in general (who also send
troops to fight the bandits) tightening around them, the bandits are trying
at all costs to infiltrate the masses, who denounce them and kill them.

In an exclusive interview granted to DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, the military
commander of Inhambane Province, Major General Domingos Fondo, said that the
military offensive being conducted in that region of the country has been
extensive and decisive, and that 1984 will be the year in which the armed
bandits are completely liquidated in the country, in fulfillment of the deci-
sions made by the central government. "We want to see our people working
freely to develop the country, in an atmosphere of peace," Domingos Fondo
said, adding:

“Activities to ensure that our objective is met are being conducted with
the enthusiastic and patriotic support of the people. Since the Nkomati
Agreement was signed, we have been engaged in a number of battles, during
which more than a hundred armed bandits have been killed."

"Moreover," he went on to say, "30 bandits voluntarily turned themselves
in with their weapons to the Armed Forces of Mozambique [FAM]/FPLM, thereby
coming under the jurisdiction of Law 7/83, and another 22 [bandits] also
surrendered, but without their weapons.

79



MPLA REPORTEDLY WEAKER AS UNITA ESCALATES ACTIVITIES

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 18 Jul 84 pp 4, 5

[Text]

The MPLA government appears weaker than at any
time since it seized power in 1975. The recent UNITA’
attacks in Huambo province followed last week by
the blowing up of a major oil pipeline in Cabinda,
confirm a relentless escalation of UNITA activity.
(AC Vol 25 No 12). The MPLA politburo and the
armed forces (FAPLA) each are as divided as ever
on vital matters of policy. President Eduardo Dos
Santos and the more moderate faction, including
internal affairs minister Alexandre ‘Kito’ Rodrigues,
probably have a little more power now than a year
ago. But in the absence of a decisive show-down
between moderate pragmatists and the hard-line ide-
ologues, it appears that UNITA, with South African,
Israeli, Zairean and other support, is intent on
winning control of Cabinda, thereby strangling what-
ever chance the MPLA had of consolidating itself.

Cabinda, where the American company Gulf Oil
produces about 70% of Angola’s foreign exchange
revenue, for several months has been UNITA’s big-
gest military objective. UNITA leader Jonas Savimbi
and some of his senior commanders have had direct
and indirect contacts with Zairean officials in their
efforts to persuade. President Mobutu of the
diplomatic and military viability of a large-scale
assault on Cabinda. UNITA’s facilities in Zaire,
including a sizeable communications and supply base
at Kinshasa airport, have grown in tandem with the
increase of UNITA activity in the north-east region
of Angola. The Israelis, now extremely well-infor-
med about developments in the region, might have
decided to assist UNITA where possible. However, a
large-scale UNITA attack on Cabinda would almost
certainly require a UNITA force to cross the river
Zaire in Zairean territory. The force would then
presumably use the eastbound Boma-Moanda road
in order to get within easy striking distance of
Cabinda. The only alternative would be a seaborne
night landing - an operation requiring a sophistica-
tion UNITA does not yet possess.

ANGOLA



SOUTH AFRICA

NRP LOOKING AT OPTIONS AS SPLIT HAUNTS LEADERSHIP

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Aug 84 p 3

[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

‘A stormy debate is raging with-
in the ranks of the New Repub-
lic Party about its future.

‘On the eve of the new consti-
tutional system there are signs
that the highest organs of the
party are divided. :

«The options appear to be to
join the National Party en bloc,

join as individuals, reconstitute '
as a new ‘party with a different '

name and even a new leader, or
stay on course as the same
party but with a renewed drive
to recruit members and’ media
- Support.
‘Party leaders are tight-lipped
about the discussions and the
‘ national leader, Mr Vause Raw,
was angry when The Star
asked him to comment on re-
ports that senior members were
Seriously considering “walking
over” to the Nats.
“T cannot comment on specu-
“ation ‘that is designed to hurt
the NRP,” he said. .
: Asked why the NRP newspa-
per, Volkstem, was running a
debate among readers on wheth-
ser the party should join the
>Nats, he said the publication
‘was independent and had a tra-
‘dition of encouraging a healthy
‘exchange of views.

107

Was the latest rift between
the party’s Natal leader, Mr
Ron Miller, and his MPC, Dr
Fred Clarke — on whether to
“support a Nat or a Prog candi-
‘date in a Durban municipal by-
relection — indicative of a more
serious split in the party?

Mr Raw said members were
free to support any party they
. liked when there was no NRP
candidate.

+ There have been repeated
“claims that the NRP Natal pro-:
vincial councillors show far
more opposition to the NP than
the NRP parliamentary caucus
does. -
Mr Miller is the subject. of
speculation in Nationalist cir-
cles that he is seriously consid-_
‘ering joining the NP and may;
‘take three or four ‘senior NRP;
‘members with him. -

i URBAN BLACKS

:
« When The Star.asked Mr
‘Miller if this was true he
‘laughed and declined to com-
;ment. .

Asked if this answer meant
that he did not deny that he was
‘planning to join the NP, Mr
Miller said: “No comment at
all.” ” :



Disparity of Awards

The change has been only in the method of carrying out the emulation campaign,
but the distribution of awards still depends on the individual company.

It depends essentially on the capacity and possibilities of each activity
center.

This is to say, even if there are two workers who, during the carrying out
of the campaigns, conceivably in two different companies, achieve top levels
of performance (highest awards), they obviously receive incentive awards of
unequal value.

Questioned by our reporter about the prospect of uniformity in the awarding
of prizes, Paulo Sarmento said that this was not likely inasmuch as, at the
signing of the commitments, each firm presents its individual work plan
which results in different levels of profits.

Notwithstanding, he indicated that within the companies, before the awarding
of incentive payments, there were discussions among the local organizations
involving the workers. In accordance with the anticipated profits and the
individual workers involved, this discussion makes it possible to calculate
the quantity of work to be produced by each competing worker.

"In this phase," he stressed, "discussion with the workers is very important.
It may be that one of them is scheduled to receive a radio; but if he already
has a radio, he will certainly not be interested in receiving another.

Thus, this prize can be exchanged for another of equal value."

Again on this subject, our interviewee said that "up to now we have not had
any problems with the awarding of prizes. Moreover, the distribution of
incentives depends more on what the company has available; for example,
it cannot award two or more workers with furniture."

Belita: One Example Among Many

The Belita Clothing Factory, in Beira, is one of the participants in the
socialist emulation campaigns underway in Sofala Province. According to
Domingos Jose Alfandega, secretary of the union committee of this work
center, the agreement for this objective was signed in April but is to be
extended for another 6 months.

Asked to speak about the present principles which are guiding the activity
of that work center, he said that "in accordance with OTM’s guidelines,
the present procedure provides for multiple benefits to both the company
and the workers."

In futher reference to this subject, he said that "in previous years,

emulation did not benefit the company. Some of the company’s profits were
used to purchase prizes, and this caused problems in certain situations.

77



¢so:

Now this is important because by
any logic or justice they should be
entitled to the citizenship of the
‘state which they live in permanent-
ly — not only if they were born
‘there, as very many were. :

To make a case for “black nation-
al states” we stress tribal differ-
ences which are certainly no
greater than similar differences
among whites, coloured people and
Indians. The latter may speak
Tamil or Telegu, Urdu or Hindi or
Gujerati or English at home, and
while most profess Hinduism there

are substantial minorities of Mus-

lims and Christians.

In the “coloured” community can‘

be found almost half our country’s
‘300000 Muslims; probably more
than a quarter-million whites are
Portuguese-speaking at home...

In reality all human have
several “identities” and which of
them is most important should and
‘often does depend on situations in
which we find ourselves — whether
‘we are attending church or playing
our favourite 8] practising or
watching “our” folk dances, sharing

roblems with colleagues in our
Frade or profession or feeling soli-
‘darity with our own sex, or watch-

3400/2107

103

ing the South African flag flutter
over South Africa House, London,
during a visit there.
1 What does lift racial identity to
the absurd and artificial importance
it has in our country is the power
‘and privilege attaching to white
,Face classification; similarly, the
‘of many frperlence from babyhood
: forms of racia! discrimina-
,tion helps to make all African peo-
; ple together feel as much group sol-
idarity as whites do.
This group solidarity is stronger
than the separatist device of “na-
tional states” in the long run — as
was indeed strikingly shown by the
‘interview with Mrs Ellen Kuzwayo
(The Star, July 23) when she said:
“T have written about the mothers
of our nation.” She did not mean
, Zulu or Sotho when she said that.
: We should drop the delusion that
; most African people in South Africa
consider their tribal differences to
be more important than their
shared life experiences as Africans
iin South Africa, our common father-

id
oo Franz Auerbach, a Johan-
inésburg educationist, is a former

"president of the South African
Unstitute of Race Relations.



\

‘but it is one that is capable of setting a whole nation afire. That was what
happened to the empire of Shah Reza Pahlavi of Iran." The comparison is not
without foundation. The repercussions of the Khomeyni bomb have echoed in
Senegal--a generally open and outward-looking country--with as much force as
all the other great historical convulsions, from the time of the French
Revolution of 1789 all the way up to May 1968, a fact which should be noted.

"Senegal is not Robinson Crusoe's island," says Mr Fara Ndiaye, the number two
man in the PDS [Senegalese Democratic Party]. It is a fact that the Iranian
revolution has been very closely followed in this country. One can even see
the portrait of the Ayatollah in the "dibiteries" (popular restaurants where
the sale of alcoholic beverages is forbidden), standing alongside posters of
the religious leaders of the three great religious brotherhoods--the Mouride,
the Tidjani and the Layenne.

Placards, posters and badges spring up everywhere bearing the likenesses of
distinguished figures in religious history (Ahmadou Bamba, El Hadj Omar,
Limamou Laye); voluntary organizations are also doing quite well. Muslin
self-help associations, “associations of friends of the Koran," and groups of
“Muslim aid" are so numerous that the Federation of Islamic Associations of
Senegal has a hard time keeping track of all of them. These associations are
quite often formed at the neighborhood or village level, and are a result more
of local initiative than of the influence of the religious brotherhoods. Also,
holy places have never been as affluent as in the last 3 years: both the
Mouride shrine of Touba (Magal) and the Tidjani shrine of Tivaouane (Mawlud)
have been visited by more than 2 million of the faithful.

There is no question that Islam is gaining ground. But the Muslim law, the
Sharia, is not yet being strictly enforced as it is in neighboring Mauritania,
For the moment, in Senegal, Islam is providing psychological refuge against
the onslaught of the economic crisis that is aggravated by persistent drought
and the inexorable advance of the desert. It also compensates for what Mr Fara
Ndiaye has called the "lack of ideological perspectives" and provides a
counterweight to Western values, which took advantage of the Senghor years to
infiltrate all aspects of modern life in Senegal. "Is it not surprising," asks
WAL FADJRI, the foremost Islamic weekly newspaper, "that at a time when
acculturation and Westernization seemed to have won over the minds and hearts
of most people in the country, a number of the best minds should just as
clearly see and assume their responsibility to defend the cause, the great
cause, of All-Powerful Allah?"

In Mr Fara Ndiaye's view, another explanation for the religious awakening lies
in the "rejection of the politics pursued by our leaders." The national deputy
secretary general of the PDS, the main opposition party, notes that 20 years
ago people of his generation thought more about politics than religion and
quoted Marx more often than Mahomet.

Polygamy

What has happened? The young Marxists grew tired, Faith in bearded
revolutionaries has faded. The contradictory European ideologies have sunk
into the decrepitude of old age. They offer no satisfying alternative to the
economic impasse and the social change taking place here and now under the
harsh blows inflicted by the West--or what is more commonly known as the
Judeo-Christian West.

88



ENERGY SURVEY BOARD TO BE ESTABLISHED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Aug 84 pl

[Article by Nestor Hoeyi-and Eben Quarcoo]

[Text]

cso:

AN Energy Survey Board Isto be set up to examine al-
‘ternative energy potentialities in the country.

With the fate of the’Akosombo Dam now unpredictable and the
results of oi] explorations still pending, the government does not
intend to wait until the last moment before executing ad-hoc’

measuresto solve the
energy problem.
‘The board shall therefo-
re undertake. constant sitions, the PNDC atta-
assessment ol the i
country’s energy require- ches great nee to fin gna
ments and rectify the short uch urBewhe energy cii-
falls in energy consump- solutior
i S sis which at the moment
ton. takes a large percentage of
The PNDC  Co- the country’s foreign ex-
ordinating Secretary, Mr. change earnings.
P. V. Obeng, made this The Co-ordinating Se-
known yesterday to parti- cietary indicated that the
a lecture on the constant rise in the price of
“Policies and Strategies of crude oil is worsened “by
the PNDC Government” the decline in the output of
as part of a 14-day refresh- primary products and
-er course for practising fluctuations on the world
Journalists and Public Re- market prices for them.
lations Officers in Accra. Alternative energy sour-
Mr Obeng pointed out ces, if found, would there-
that in keeping with the fore not only arrest the
government's aim of clos- energy crisis but also im-
ing the wide gap between prove the country’s foreign
foieign exchange con- exchange earning position.
‘sumption and, earning po- Mr Obeng added.
3400/2038

56

GHANA


GHANA

PRIORITY TO RURAL BANKS URGED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Jul 84 p 1
[Article by Albert Sam]

[Text] A traditional ruler has called for strict adherence to the rules
and regulations governing the siting and operations of rural banks by the
Bank of Ghana to ensure that priority attention is given to rural areas
where banking facilities are non-existent.

Barima Adu Gyamfi Poku II, chief of Kuntanase Traditional Area in Ashanti,
also stressed the need for. a cohesive policy for the efficient and effective
operations of rural banks.

Barima Poku was speaking to newsmen at Kuntanase near Lake Bosomtwe shortly
after attending the first annual general meeting of the Bosomtwe Rural Bank.

The Kuntanasehene regretted that contrary to Bank of Ghana regulations that
rural banks should be sited in rural areas and in areas where there are no
commercial banks, many banks were springing up elsewhere to the neglect of
most needy areas.

Again the Bank of Ghana, he said, had ignored its regulation that. rural
banks must have geographical base and that such banks should not be named
after the towns where they are sited but after the traditional area.

He also touched on the disqualification of chiefs contesting for directorship
of the banks and the rule that the banks should be sited within 20 kilometer
radius, both of which have been ignored in most cases.

Barima Poku therefore called for the updating of the rules and regulations
governing the setting up of rural banks and their mass circulation to
enable all the banks and their shareholders to have copies for study and
guidance.

The chief made it clear that there was a yawning information gap between
the Bank of Ghana and the managements of rural banks and therefore called
for the rectification of this anomaly.

Barima Poku described the rural banking idea as the best arrangement for the
rural dweller and called on the authorities to ensure that the system
operated in the best interest of the rural people.

cso: 3400/2038 52



JA: Yes indeed. But I think you can group these people into one or two.
There are those who were directly affected by the change in the sense that
they were the ones wielding political power. So the change naturally
displaced them, so they are angry. Such people you can hardly talk to
because they are too obsessed with the loss of their own influence and

power.

There is another group which was in the sort of opposition and which was
biding its time, hoping that their turn would come. So with the kind of
system where we are drawing everybody together they sort of feel their time
is not coming, so they are also against the process.

Plus, there are those who were also benefitting greatly from the economic
problems, with blackmarketing, with selling things at exorbitant prices
and so on. ‘So they are also displaced. They can't get the cheap money
they were getting anymore.

So these are the various groupings that are pretending to have a common
cause and it is quite obvious that given time they are going to explode
because they really do not have a common cause. Each of them is coming from
various angles and they are not at all justified in the campaign they're
waging. They've lost steam and they are saying a whole number of things
that are not true at all.

CA: Well, from here we may perhaps shift onto the economic aspect of the
situation in Ghana. At the time you were coming was there any evidence that
the economy was picking up?

JA: Indeed, and perhaps it would even be useful to talk to non-Ghanaians,
especially those in the various economic communities, because they have
even more optimism than we have. They can see direct results.

Let's take the export sector, for example. Because of a better exchange
rate policy (you know we had to devalue), because of that exchange rate
adjustment the export sector is picking up considerably. Even though the
quantum of something like cocoa. is not increasing immediately, at least
the money that accrues from the sale of cocoa for which we have to pay
farmers and also pay CMB, which is the bureaucracy that takes care of that,
has improved.

The gold sector is also improving and revenue is now being paid to government
chest which didn't happen before, and the State Gold Mining Corporation has
also now got money to rehabilitate its equipment. The Ashanti Goldfields
has got money and has sunk another shaft.

Infrastructure

If you take the timber sector, that is also moving, Infrastructure is also
improving. The railway is undergoing rehabilitation, the road network is
improving, the port facilities are improving, and most important of all,
because of the economic policies we have taken agricultural activity has had

14



And we are all well aware that this has not been the case. It is only now
that Ghanaians are rebuilding the ruins of our economy, shattered by more
than a decade of mismanagement, waste and apathy.

[Iwo paragraphs illegible]

The differences can, to a large extent, be explained by internal migration--
that is, the movement of people from one part of the country to another--
rather than differences in the rate of reproduction.

The figures therefore indicate that people have, for various reasons, been
Leaving certain areas and moving to other areas, and the main reason for
such movements is generally the search for better economic prospects.

Volumes have been written about the drift of population from the rural areas
to the urban areas. Young people seek jobs within reach of the real or
imagined attractions of the cities, leaving the elderly farmers to struggle
to feed the nation's people and industries.

Some of the preliminary census figures seem to support this picture. Table I
shows Greater Accra, with a 57.2%, as the region with the second fastest
population growth.

Table II also breaks down the figures for Greater Accra into Local Council
areas.

Tema District, with an increase of 86.0%, is an indication of the influx of
people seeking jobs in this major industrial area. Accra District, however,
has a relatively low increase of 51.7%.

The attraction of the city is less important, unless there are jobs available.

But most surprising is Ga Local Council area, whose population has more than
doubled with 100.2%.

Some of this may be due to the spread of Accra beyond the city boundaries,
but it may also mean that more people are now farming in the area, as they
realise that agriculture can be a more reliable source of income than
searching the city streets for limited job opportunities.

In other regions, the figures seem to support this changing trend--a trend
of movement away from towns and industrial areas--where jobs have become
hard to find, and towards agricultural areas where farmers, even if they
are denied some of the amenities of the urban areas, can be sure of feeding
themselves and of finding a ready market for their produce.

Examples

The Western Region has some striking examples.

Sekondi Takoradi City Council area has grown in population by only 9.0%
whilst Tarkwa-Aboso actually has a drop in population at minus 0.6%, but

43



It is in recognition of this fact, Miss Aryee indicated, that the PNDC wants
to create institutions that will involve all sections of the society in the
process of government.

For instance, Miss Aryee said, so long as soldiers are made to feel that they
could be conveniently left out of government, there would always be coups
d'etat in the country.

She explained that the PNDC could not be said to be a military government,
taking into consideration its composition.

The Information Secretary stated that a true democracy could be created
only through the mass participation of all the people in the society in the
process of government.

"Unless we are sufficiently conscientised to be able to determine what our
representatives can do, there will be no political peace in this country,"
Miss Aryee maintained.

She told the workers that the political destiny of this country laid in the
effective functioning of the NCD and advised them to live up to their tasks
and co-operate with the new chairman to bring about the needed institutional
changes in the society.

Search for True Democracy

The National Commission for Democracy (NCD) apart from its traditional
electoral functions is to formulate ideas and programmes which will give
meaning and life to true democracy in Ghana.

This is in line with the PNDC's determination to move away from "democracy
by remote control" whereby government is controlled by an elitist group
who after elections lose contact with the people.

The new Chairman of the NCD and a member of the PNDC, Mr Justice D.F.-.Annan,
explaining the new functions of the NCD to his staff after a familiarisation
tour yesterday, said the NCD is not the old Electoral Commission under a new
name.

It is a new organ set up as part of a process of social transformation and
reconstruction, he said.

Justice Annan told the staff that the NCD had been placed at the heart of the
new concept of democracy which would guide the country in all fields of
politics.

He said, in the past, Ghana had witnessed institutional type of democracy
but now the emphasis would be on functional democracy, geared towards
satisfying the needs of the ordinary man and not the type that could be
prostituted to benefit a selected few.

47



In this connection, Paulo Sarmento said that "it is through the plan that
companies should expect to carry out the emulation campaign, for this practice
is particularly aimed at increasing production and productivity."

Control of the Campaigns

To control the campaigns, charts are distributed to the centers which sign
collective agreements. In addition, there are other indicators, such as
monthly reports and individual cards filled out for each participating
worker.

Our interlocutor added that "the practice of emulation is a voluntary act.
To benefit from the campaign, workers should increase their production and
productivity. In reality, without that increase or the fulfillment of the
PEC [Central State Plan], there is no socialist emulation."

In justification of his previous statement, he said that "a company must
have profits in order to purchase the necessary awards to stimulate the

workers."

Again referring to the charts, Paulo Sarmento said that, in addition to
helping fulfill the plans, they make it possible to perceive the difficulties
companies have in achieving what they set out to do.

In this context, he adds, "Based on an analysis, the department is studying
the causes of those difficulties and the remedial action which can be taken
to overcome them so as to achieve our goals."

On the other hand, according to our interlocutor, "All the activity which
has preceded the campaigns is enabling the department to evaluate the needs
of the various companies in this phase of socialist emulation."

25 Agreements Already Signed

By the end of the first 6 months of this year, the socialist emulation
department reported the signing of 25 collective agreements in Sofala Province
for the purpose of conducting campaigns in various production units.

The pledges signed cover periods ranging from 6 to 11 months, and some
12 months, and the companies involved are located in the districts of Buzi
and Dondo and in Beira, among other places.

For reasons of communication, according to Paulo Sarmento, it has not always
been possible to receive reports from certain districts, but there are
indications that the work is going forward.

Most of the units previously mentioned expect to complete only one campaign
by the end of the first 6-month period.

76



ACID. RAIN THREAT TO COUNTRY EXAMINED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 7 Aug 84 p 3

[Text]

€S0:

3400/2107

138

phur dioxide in the atmos-
over South Africa, car-

phere over

‘ied ‘out by the Atmospheric

Sciences "Division of the
ical Re-

-CSIR’s National Phy
‘search Lal oratory RL) in
collaboration with local au-
‘thorities:
Two instruments recently.
NPRL make

“sogued by the NPRL

. possible thorough
of thet ature, extent
of air pollution.

ese, an fon chroma-
can be used in the
ae loping battle against

: a also in-
‘dicates that a it con-
tribution is made by smoul-
dering waste heaps at coal

1 Coal-burning power sta-
‘tions were Previously,
a e only source
of form of pollution. —
Sapa.

arty

SOUTH AFRICA


SOUTH AFRICA

SA CHINESE SEEK EQUALITY
Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 6 Aug 84 p 8

[Article by Paul Bell: "South Africa's Chinese Still Want To Be Chinese,

But Equal")

[Text]

COME SEPTEMBER,
South Africa’s . 10 000-:
strong Chinese com-
munity could straddle
the constitutional di-
vide between whites
and coloureds in a
unique way.

While there has been no
statement from the Govern-
ment on its actual inten-
tions, a Government source
has said one should look to
recent changes in the Group
Areas Act for indications as
to where the Chinese will

vote.

The Population Registra-
Yion Act ‘classifies the Chi-
nese as a coloured: sub-
group, On the other hand,

e oth Areas Amend-
ment Bill which passed
through Parliament this
last session and will be pro-
mulgated shortly, now
places the Chinese com-
munity squarely in the
“white camp”.

Until now, the Chinese
nave require permits
and still require permits to
live and trade in white
areas. Until recently, they
needed- its to attend
white universities, althou
white Government schoo!
were opened six years ago.

Untif about five years
“io buy property in white
“ing to TO} wi

areas he te consult the
local Member of Parlia-
ment and their prospective
me nbours on bred any
_party had any ol ion—a
Practice which the com-
munity found obnoxious and
humillating. This has since
fallen into disuse. Permits
have been granted automa-
tically in recent years.

,» In the economic sphere,
businessmen were req

‘to obtain’ its to trade
‘or own a business in which
‘they held more than 50% of
ithe shares.

|. Chinese access to “white”
facilities, eg restaurants,
|elnemas, buses, or hospi-
tals, was granted through
‘an “honorary white” status
\— a precarious privilege

which caused ty and
even humiliation.
The Group Areas amend-

‘ment will give the Chinese
ithe right to live and trade in
‘white areas. Permission has
igiven way to right.
| Of. course, those Chinese
‘who have married into oth-
er “non-white” groups will
have to remain in those
areas. Marriage ‘to
Sites is still forbidden.

131

The country’s only io
nese group area, Kabega
Parkin Port Elizabeth, was
proclaimed white on July 6. !

‘The Chinese community,
represented in its negotia- '
tions with the Government
y the Chinese Association

South Africa (Casa), ex-
pects a decision on its con-'
‘stitutional future soon. =

‘In the meantime, Casa

chairman Mr Rodney
Leong Man said in an inter-
view that the community
was aiso looking to the
Group Areas changes as an
indicator.

Mr Man also referred toa
‘recommendation by the
,President’s Council that, at
the regional level, the Chi-
nese should accept and
exercise political responsi-
bility in the areas in which

‘they live. 1

“Although the Govern:
ment has not given any poli-
cy indication on this, it
smight carry through to-cen-
birt government,” Mr Man

. -He also quoted from Han-
gard a statement by the
Minister of Internal Affairs,
‘Mr FW de Klerk, on May 4
that the circum-
jstances of |

communif
— in terms Bf

of its small size



reason why many Christian leaders were arrested in the first years following
the 1974 revolution. Moreover as early as 1975 the regime deprived the

Coptic Church, the official church during the imperial days, of its economic
base by expropriating its real estate holdings, which were so large as to
amount to about one-third of the entire national territory of over 1.2 million
square kilometers.

The land reform, however, affected not only church real estate but also the
big private landownership of the emperor's family and other aristocratic
families. In addition the official church lost its special position vis-a-vis
all other religious communities. The Mekane-Yesus Church, expelled by the
emperors to the pagan areas of the south and west, and the Catholic Church
with its center in Eritrea, which had long been Italian, were placed on the
same level, and so were the Muslims, who with their 25 million are no less
numerous than the Coptic Christians. Since the revolution they too have been
allowed to hold public office and have built more mosques than were built in
the entire 45 year reign of Emperor Haile Selassie and Muslim holidays have
been declared legal holidays.

The restriction of Protestant missionary activity to the south and west was
suspended, and the Mekane-Yesus Church became active throughout the country.
Religious emancipation, from which the Protestants and Muslims benefited
most, stopped short of the smallest religious community: the synagogues of the
Falasha, Ethiopia's "black Jews," who still amount to about 30,000, were
closed.

Members of the synod in Addis Ababa say that the Mekane-Yesus Church is not
being discriminated against. But they state their displeasure at government
measures against their church being conjured up by assertions in distorted
reports abroad that the Mekane-Yesus Church was being singled out for
persecution. Though the names of pastors and other members of the church

were disguised in reports, this was being done so inadequately, according to

a member of the synod interviewed in Addis Ababa, that the persons in question
were actually arrested subsequently. And this in turn “proved discrimination."

These arrests have to do with a special feature of the church. Whereas a
hundred years ago the emperor was pleased about the technical skills of the
first Protestant missionaries who had come to Ethiopia, he disliked the
prospects of Coptic Christians being converted. So he assigned to them the
territories which had only just been reconquered, in which there were no
Copts, for their missionary activity. These territories were inhabited
primarily by the people of the Oromo.

As a result the Protestants were of course primarily successful in their

missionary efforts among the Oromo, who by now are said to constitute about
40 percent of the Ethiopian population. Today the church states that Oromo
constitutes about 90 percent of their 600,000 members. The Oromo (their old
name, Galla, to Ethiopians means almost the same as slave or barbarian) were
already held in contempt during the time of the emperors insofar as they had
not adapted to the state people of the Amharics and had not adopted its



of Stellenbosch]

[Text]

THE Nkomati Accord has
become a symbol of the
di ics the political
situation in Southern

Africa.

‘The image of the South
African Government as de-
stabiliser, in Southern
Africa has been replaced by
the image of the Govern-;
ment as stabiliser and
peacemaker. :
weg athetic critics are

ig to give the Govern-
, ment a chance to show the
‘world that the hand of
\friendship offered to
{Mozambique be
"extended: towards the!
i in South Africa, i
‘The blacks themselves’
have seen that negotiation
between black and white is

Why, then, ney te only
Tad igaore te fut claim by

e y
internal Mant loaders for a
ited settlement?
ot ‘ve are So octitie
al ice ics,
then this should be our pri-
mary aim. .

‘The distinction between

procedural justice and sub-

stantive can help us
to identify the nature and
extent of  Fylitical injustice
in South Africa.

GOVERNMENT URGED TO HEED DEMANDS OF BLACKS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 5 Aug 84 p 22

Procedural justice en-
‘tails that ina il society
joint -
sion-making so that no
group wil be able to use
power to favour itself at the
expense of other groups.
suitlce a nb pleads
ice, a new
ensation will, likewise,
wwe to be based on contin-
ual joint decision-making to
prot groups from the
misuse of power by the
stronger group.

Citizenship
@ To what extent is gov-
ernment on
negotiation joint deci-

133

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Johan Degenaar, Professor of Political Philosophy, University

sion-making, and to what
extent does it contribute to
such a state of affairs?
@Are there any clear
statements known to have
been mai government
leaders in favour of. the

principle of South African,
“citizenship for all inhabi-

leaders of all: in the
country? wore
If one is concerned about



GHANA

CHOGGO RESIDENTS BUILD DAM
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 18 Jul 84 pg
[Article by Yaw Boudu-Ayeboufoh]

[Text] The people of Choggo, a suburb of Tamale, have through communal
labour and voluntary financial contributions of ¢100 a man and ¢40 a woman,
constructed an £80,000 dam to provide water for domestic purposes.

Additionally, they have procured 40 bags of cement and 10 trips of gravel
and sand for the construction of a two-classroom block extension to the
Choggo Primary School.

According to the chairman of the Choggo PDC, Mr Abdul Rashid Mumuni who
briefed the 'Graphic' on the contributions of the people, the Choggo Holy
Cross Catholic Church donated ¢8,000 whilst a priest of the Church loaned
them ¢24,000 to ensure the prompt payment and completion of the project
being undertaken by the Ghanaian-German Agricultural Development Project.

Mr Mumuni explained that the interest free loan from the priest would be
paid from contributions of some of the people who pleaded to pay their
contributions at the end of the farming season.

He disclosed that residents at the Choggo Estates declined to contribute
towards the construction of the dam which is about 20 metres from the

estates and about 600 metres from the Choggo village even though some of
them use water from the dam whenever the Ghana Water and Sewerage Corporation
was not operating.

The laudable contribution of the Choggo people came to the notice of the
"Graphic’ when there was a mass movement of people from all parts of Tamale
to the Choggo area in search of water during a recent acute water shortage
that hit the municipality due to lack of fuel for both the Ghana Water and
Sewerage and the Electricity Corporations to operate.

It must be stressed that the unavailability of water is the greatest threat
facing workers in the Northern Region in general and Tamale in particular
to the extent that at times a barrel of water is sold between ¢100 and
¢200 in most parts of the region.

CSO: 3400/2038

51



MNR Supply Sources Baffle Experts
(Stephen McQuillan, Joao Santa Rita; THE STAR, 9 Aug 84)....

NAMIBIA

SA Offer To Give Up Sovereignty Prompted by Economic Woes
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 4 Jul 84)...

SENEGAL

Islamic Revival Stirs Controve sy
(AFRICA, May 84) .cecccscccecccesececcceeceseeceeeeesenesees

Fundamentalist Revival, by Noel X. Ebony
Opposition To Islamic State, Pathe F. Diagne Interview

SOUTH AFRICA

Radio Comments on U.S. Election Campaign
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 15 Aug 84).....seseeeeeeeeee

Possible Political Comeback Seen for Connie Mulder
(Frans Esterhuyse; THE STAR, 6 Aug 84).....-...- eee ce ew ceee .

Details on Call-iip of Aliens Reported
(DAILY. DISPATCH, 3, 4 AUg 84) ....ceceeecceereerececseeee

No Instant Call-ups
New Points Clarified

Poor Voter Roles Impede Coloured, Indian Elections
(THE STAR, 9 Aug 84)..

Government's Racial Homelands Policy Criticized
(Franz Auerbach; THE STAR, 7 Aug 84) ...eeeeeeeeservececeeeee

"Coloured Election’ Poses Dilemma for Voters
(Chris Freimond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 9 Aug 84)....... errr

NRP Looking at Options as Split Haunts Leadership
(David Braun; THE STAR, 9 Aug BA) cece veeencereeceneeeeereeee

Suzman's Long Political Career Described
(Chris Friemond; RAND DAILY MAIL, 8 Aug 84)...+.seeeseeeeeee

Schwarz Gives 5-Year Forecast
(Harry Schwarz; SUNDAY TIMES, 5 Aug 84) ....sseceeeeeeereceee

Commentary Notes Harmful Effects of Disinvestment
(Johannes burg International. Service, 13 Aug 84).....seeeeere

-~d-

84

85

87

96

97

99

101

102

104

107

109

112

115


henchmen to infiltrate our ranks, divide us and to have the chance to dupe
us again as they did before the Revolution," it noted. The council, there-
fore, urged Mr Acquaah-Harrison to be "cautious and wary of his own friends"
who only wanted fishing inputs imported at the instance of the council. It
said the GNCFC has the mandate of the PNDC to mobilize canoe fishermen in
the country and would resist with all the forces at its disposal any attempt
by any individual or group of people to usurp or take away fishermen's right.
[Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 25 Jul 84 p 1]

BUMPER HARVESTS-~Bumper -harvests have been recorded in most farming areas

in the Upper West Region, an interim report on agricultural performance in
the region has indicated. The report, issued by the Office of the Regional
Agricultural Task Force Co-ordinator, dealt with crop performance and food
production in the first half of the 1984 agricultural year. It indicated that
the region had made the highest yields in the cultivation of early beans over
the past five years. It disclosed that this year's harvest of beans had
doubled, or even tripled the last three years' produce, put together. The
report showed also that millet production was expected to exceed last year's
by over 70 percent. Harvesting has begun in the main producing area, the
East Sissala zone of the Wa District. Early millet was the only food crop
that thrived well last season but its cultivation in the region had been so
limited to a small area that even though bumper harvests were realized in
about four or five villages in the East Sissala Traditional Area last season
it had no impact on the food situation in the region. Groundnuts, mainly
produced as cash crop were also expected to exceed the level for the past
three years, the report indicated. The report further said that yam produc-
tion which suffered the most serious setback last year, "has bounced back

to life" and production targets were expected to increase considerably over
many previous seasons. On maize production, the report stated that a great
deal of improvement had been seen this season and that production figures
"will definitely" exceed those of the last two years. However, shortage of
fertilizer had adversely affected maize production. On late crops like
guinea corn, bambara beans, rice, late beans and other crops, the report was
optimistic that "set targets" would be exceeded by wide margins. It stated
that apart from the favourable weather conditions that had characterized
agriculture in the region this year, the personal determination and enthu-
siasm of individual farmers had played a great role in the agricultural trans-
formation and development of the area.--GNA [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES

in English 1 Aug 84 p 8]

KETA SEA DEFENCE PROJECT--An estimated 11,500 cubic metres of granite of
various sizes in a quarry here and an eight-and-half-kilometre road leading
to the quarry site have been handed over officially to the Government by the
contractors Rockshell International. The development of the quarry marks the
end of the first phase of the Keta Sea Defence Wall project. Speaking at the
handing-over ceremony, the Volta Regional Secretary, Col A.K. Amable said
his administration would see to the completion of the Keta Sea Defence Wall
which had been neglected by past governments. The second phase of the pro-
ject, the Regional Secretary said, involved the carting of the stones to

the project site and the building of a new road to Keta. The chairman of

68



GHANA

STUDENT, YOUTH ASSOCIATION CONVENTION PREVIEWED
Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 19 Jul 84 p 4
[Article by Samuel Amegah]

[Text] The Ghana United Nations Students and Youth Association (GUNSA) holds
its 21st Annual convention at the Auditorium, University of Ghana, Legon,
from the 20th-24th of this month.

Converging at the University campus for the national convention would be
delegates of GUNSA branches in the schools and colleges in the country and
representatives of other United Nations students and youth affiliated bodies
in the world.

Of the latter category are the Sierra Leone United Nations Students and Youth
Association (SLUNSA), which has had very cordial relations with its Ghanaian
counterpart over the years, the All Nigerian United Nations Students and
Youth Association (ANANUSA), World Federation of United Nations Association
(WFUNA), the International Students and Youth Movement of the United Nations
(ISMUN) whose president, Mr Bright Akwetey, is a Ghanaian State Attorney and
a host of others.

Issues

Unlike previous conventions, this year's has attracted an unusually large
number of participants both national and foreign which is an indication of
the organizational ability of GUNSA in bringing together a diversified group
of the world's youth as a foundation for achieving global peace.

Traditionally, GUNSA has always held its annual convention during the long
vacation to enable its student members to attend such a gathering. As
students committed to the realization of the tenets of the United Nations,
the convention presents the participants with a forum to appraise world
issues, articulate their voice on burning global dilemmas as their
contribution to the creation of a world devoid of racism, antagonisms and
divisiveness.

23



UPPER VOLTAN CATTLE--Two articulated truck-loads of cattle have left Paga
for Koforidua and Accra as the first consignment under the Ghana-Upper Volta
agreement to barter goods. The 50 herd of cattle were received at the Paga
quarantine station two weeks ago. After the nine-day quarantine period,
the cattle were weighed. Under the agreement, the weidht of one cow should
not be less than 300 kilograms. The agent for the owners of the cattle,
Alhaji Mama Seidu, promised to supply the Meat Marketing Board (MMB) with
1,000 cows every month under the agreement. He has also agreed to supply
sheep and goats, beef and mutton to the board. A second consignment of 60
cows is under quarantine of Paga. They will be later sent to Takoradi and
Cape Coast. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 3 Aug 84

Pp 5]

AKWANSREN PALM OIL PROJECT--The Akwansren Oil Palm Project in the Adansi
District has within five months made a net profit of ¢3,095,339.10 for its
883-acre plantation. Previously running at a loss and retained under
government subvention, the project became autonomous in 1982 when the
Government directed that all state farms should generate funds to pay their
workers. Mr I.N. Dwomoh, principal plantation manager of the project
disclosed these at the weekend when members of the Adansi District Defence
Committee led by Mr Albert Owusu-Ansah, the district co-ordinator, visited
the farm to acquaint themselves with progress of work there. He said the
farm could double its profit if the project had an oil mill. He said they
also lacked trucks, wellington boots and cutlasses to expand the farm.

Mr Dwomoh said because the farm had no tractor, they were compelled to hire
one at ¢2,500 a day and the workers had to walk to and from their places of
work because their two trucks had been grounded for lack of tyres. He said
that since the farm turned autonomous the District Administration had
ceased to supply them with farming inputs which had made work difficult.

Mr Owusu-Ansah congratulated the workers and management on their remarkable
achievement and asked the WDC to offer constructive suggestions towards the
expansion of the farm as well as worker-management relations. [Text]
[Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 23 Jul 84 p 8]

COCOA FARMS REPLANTING--About 2,100 volunteers, mobilized by the Brong-Ahafo
regional secretariat of the National Mobilization Committee, have assisted
350 farmers to rehabilitate their cocoa farms. In addition, the volunteers
have helped to clear 155 farms of weed. These were made known by delegates
at the fourth conference of district liaison officers of the committee here.
They announced that more camps for volunteers were to be set up all over the
region in addition to those at Duayaw-Nkwanta, Hwidiem, Wamfie and Mpataba,
and disclosed that the district secretariats had cultivated their own farms
to boost food production. In the Ahafo district alone, there are 51 whilst
in the Sunyani district there are eight farms and three cottage industries.
[Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 23 Jul 84 p 8]

UNDP ASSISTANCE--The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is to
assist selected schools, including the Phillip Quaicoe Girl's Primary and
some middle schools here, to establish model school farms, Mr F. Mobanda,
UNDP director of the Programmes in Ghana, has announced. He said the
assistance was in line with the UNDP's recent pledge to continue its support

66



their backs, were murdered. One of the dead still had the opened bible in
his hand. Three houses had been set afire, the dead next to them were partly

charred... ."
An Important Trump

Such portrayals are added to the NRA pictures, which Museveni--in a lengthy
statement at the beginning of the film--knows how to exploit in accordance
with all the rules of the art of propaganda. ."The viewers abroad,". he says,
can now see that the governments in. Africa and Western Europe, who extended
moral and material aid to Obote, "in reality supported genocide". In view of
these pictures, he continued, it is completely illusory to believe that Obote
can improve the situation in Uganda: "Those who nevertheless do so now no
longer have any excuse and are regarded by us as enemies of the people in

Uganda."

The self-assurance that is reflected in the words of the guerilla leader re-
sults from the most recent successes of the NRA, the largest one of which is
likewise documented in the film: It shows a part of the booty that was

taken on 20 February during a surprise attack on the barracks in the city of
Masindi and was moved away on 15 trucks. To prove the point, the camera
moves across a number of machine guns and cannons to Museveni, who then enu-
merates in detail what all was captured: 765 guns, 10 machine guns, 11 light
cannons, 350 grenades, 3,000 hand grenades, 250,000 rounds of ammunition,

and 1,000 army uniforms. The warehouses were so full, it was reported, that
a part of the material even had to be left behind.

Thus armed, the NRA at the moment possesses a certain trump card in this con-
flict, whose origins go far back into the colonial period, when the British
combined three differently developed cultural groups into a protectorate: The
Nilotes in the north, organized in traditional tribal associations, the Nilo-
Hamites in the northeast, as well as the Bantu, who in the south and west had
formed centralistic and hierarchically organized political and social struc-
tures--most distinctly in the monarchy of Buganda, one of the oldest dynasties
of Africa, with an absolutist king, the kabaka, at the head.

This contrast was further sharpened by the fact that the Nilotic tribes in the
dry and infertile north were able to make a living only with great difficulty,
while the southern belt around Lake Victoria developed into an efficient pro-
duction center thanks to better soil and climate conditions. But the politi-
cal development ran directly counter to this drastic drop in development,
which reinforced the "Southerners", especially the Baganda living in Buganda,
in their leadership claim vis-a-vis the "Northerners": In 1962, when Uganda
was granted independence, a Nilotic Northerner in the person of Milton Obote

stood at the had of the state.

In the capital Kampala, situated in the midst of the Bantu stronghold of Ugan-
da, Obote proceeded immediately to dismantle the former kingdom and to sub-
divide it into simple administrative districts--a measure which found its con-
clusion in 1966 with the expulsion of the kabaka. No wonder that in 1971
putschists, under the leadership of a certain Idi Amin, were cheered as
liberators precisely by the Baganda--although Idi Amin also came from

142



GHANA

FARMERS APPEAL FOR PRICE STABILIZATION
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Aug 84 pp 4-5
[Article by E.A. Andam]

[Text] Farmers in the Agona and Winneba districts have repeated their appeal
to the government to come out with a programme that will ensure stabilised
price and ready market for staple foods, particularly cereals.

This, they said, would encourage increased production of cereals and save
them from exploitation by middlemen. It will also end the country's quest
for food aid.

The farmers maintained that if the government allowed the price of maize to
float to find its level it will discourage increased production.

This appeal was made to the government when the "Graphic" visited some farmers
who are currently harvesting their maize.

Most of the farmers said the cost of preparing and maintaining farms this
year was more expensive than any other year in view of the increase in the
cost of ploughing, fertilizer, labour and other inputs.

The farmers said considering the current prices at which maize in particular
are being sold, they stand to lose heavily and that would make the produc-
tion of these food crops less attractive and eventually discourage most
farmers in their attempt to increase production.

The farmers said if they are encouraged with a realistic price stabilization
policy they were sure that the country would soon be exporting cereals.

Meanwhile, Yaw Barimah reports from Sekodomase that Mr Alex Fred Agyeman,
chief farmer of Sekodomase has also called on the government to stabilise
maize price to boost the morale of farmers.

He said when the price of maize is left to find its own level it would
ultimately frustrate farmers.

59



[25 Jul 84 p 3]

[Text] CA: And I will like to say that it is always golden opportunity to
have a lady minister or a minister from a developing country coming to
Europe to clarify certain issues that one may not be very well aware of.
Now, there has been a report about Ghana in the sense that arrangements
are going on for Cuban troops to come to Ghana to sort of strengthen the
security of the ruling PNDC, and we wonder whether this is actually true.

JA: It always makes me laugh, because it is one of the most preposterous
things that can be said. The speculation is that because part. of the dis-
cussions going on in southern Africa may mean that Cuban troops have to
leave Angola, they would find some other place to go.

Invitation

But I keep telling people that the Cubans went to Angola precisely at the
invitation of the Angolan government and to help them fight a war against
South Africa. So they didn't go there even to strengthen internal security
which is what people are saying they are coming there for.

The Cubans would never go anywhere to strengthen internal security, because
internal security is something that no other sovereign state should get
involved in. But Angola was waging a war against another country and just

as Vietnam sometime ago asked America to go and help them fight a war, that
was the same reason why Angola asked the Cubans. So the Cubans would not
even agree to go and strengthen anybody's internal security. So the question
does not even arise.

Besides, I think that we can deal with our own internal security as we have
done. If we couldn't then the number of attempts that went on could have

toppled the government.

You see this time the defence of the nation is not only in the hands of the
forces. The people are politicised enough to also provide a certain amount
of internal security, because in the final analysis it is the strength and
the politicisation of the people which prevents internal skirmishes. Even
if we have a war with our neighbours I think our soldiers can deal with it.

We don't need anybody from outside.

But the speculation is to create disaffection among the forces at home,
because people will feel that their positions are threatened if so many
foreign soldiers are coming inside the country just for internal security.
And these dissidents are hoping that by using that kind of speculation they
can create disaffection amongst the soldiers at home and perhaps get some
of them to agree to topple the regime.

Another angle is that because some of the advanced nations, especially the
United States, do not have very warm relations with Cuba if you say that
the Cubans are coming to Ghana it would automatically affect relations
between Ghana and the United States for example. But as I keep saying,

16



cso:

3400/2038

The GRAPHIC notices with con-
cern however, that the Program-
me of rehabilitating our railway
lines has been slow due to some
timber companies’ refusal or
failure to‘ provide sufficient
sleepers to enable the job to go
on.

We recall that at a recent meeting
at Takoradi with timber firms, Mr
Renner appealed to them to
buck up with the supplies of the
sleepers. Indeed, .the Secretary
showed the importance of these

. Supplies by stating that only
firms which provide evidence

.that they have delivered their
quota of sleepers will get inputs
like tyres, for their vehicles. :

The importance of rehabilitating’
our railway line cannot be
overstated. An inspection of the
operational costs of a large
timber company reveals that rail
transportation cost from the mill
to Takoradi Harbour is 390 per
cent cheaper for logs, and 297
per cent cheaper for sawn timb-
er than road transportation.

In plain terms, it costs about FOUR TIMES
as much to transport logs by road and
THREE TIMES as much to transport
Sawn timber by road.

Itis thereture, in the interest of the timber
companies themselves to ensure the
speedy rehabilitation of the remaining
railway lines by providing the wooden
sleepers necessary for the programme
to go on. -

Apart from the goods which will travel

. More cheaply by railway, steps can
then be taken by the government to
modernise our railway system by in-

troducing new and more efficient pas-
senger coaches.

33



GHANA

SUCCESS OF RAWLINGS MISSION HAILED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC 3 Aug 84 p 2
[Editorial: "Jerry's Peace Mission"]

[Text] An aspect of the visit of the Chairman of the PNDC, Jerry Rawlings
to some countries in Latin and Central America that needs to be emphasised
is its peace mission.

Taking into consideration the military and political tensions generated by
imperialism in Central America, we have to conclude that the very expression
of solidarity with the struggling peoples in that part of the world helps

to bring nearer the era of peace. But how is this so?

For centuries the peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America have suffered
untold hardship as a result of colonialism and exploitation. Since the
end of the last century most countries in Latin America gained nominal
freedom.

Independence, of course, came to Africa and Asia in this century. However,
the independence and sovereignty of the countries of these continents have
been severely constrained by neocolonial mechanisms by which they are still
exploited even when they are supposed to be free.

Naturally, it is the wish of every oppressor and exploiter that his victim
is forever docile and ignorant of his true conditions. But the laws of
nature, as exemplified in the dialectic of development, show that where
there is oppression there will be a yearning for freedom.

Just as well, we have to understand that as people struggle to be free
those who seek to deprive them of their freedom will also be hard at work.

Therefore the tension in the Latin American region should be seen in its
proper perspective. What is happening there is a classic example of a’
struggle between freedom and slavery. The struggle there is being fought
over who will control the destiny of the people in Latin America, Central
America and the Caribbean,

53



GHANA

CBS RELEASES POPULATION FIGURES
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Aug 84 pp 1, 4
[Article by Kojo Sam]

[Text] The present population of Ghana is 12,205,574, the Central Bureau of
Statistics (CBS) has announced.

According to an official statement issued in Accra on the preliminary
results of the 1984 Population Census presented by the Government Statis-
tician, the last population census of the country which was taken in 1970
was 8,559,313.

This shows an increase of 42.6 percent with a growth rate of 2.6 percent.

The CBS announced that Ashanti Region recorded the highest count of
2,089,683 representing an increase of 41.0 percent and showing a growth
rate of 2.5 percent. The last figure for Ashanti was 1,481,698.

Eastern Region recorded the second highest with a figure of 1,679,483 as
against 1,209,828 in 1970. This indicates an increase of 38.8 percent
with a growth rate of 2.4 percent.

Greater Accra Region came third with a count of 1,420,066 representing an
increase of 57.2 percent and a growth of 3.3 percent. In 1970 Greater
Accra had a population of 903,447.

The CBS further stated that Volta Region followed with a count of 1,201,095
as against 947,268 recorded in 1970. This represents an increase of 26.8
percent with a growth rate of 1.7 percent.

Brong-Ahafo Region came fifth with a figure of 1,179,409, The 1970 figure
was 766,509. This represents an increase of 53.9 percent with a growth rate
of 31 percent.

For the Northern Region, 1,162,645 persons were counted. In 1970 the region

727,618. This represents an increase of 59.8 percent. The growth rate is
put at 3.4 percent.

19



ENTHUSIASM FOR RASTAFARIAN CULT EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 6 Aug 84 p 4

[Text]

cso:

MBABANE — A Rasta row is

brewing in Swaziland.

Enthusiasm for the cult rose

‘sharply after a visit by Reggae

star Peter Tosh last year and,
since then, dreadlocks and
clothes typical of Rastafarians

.have become common among

the young and not so young.

Some schoolteachers followed
the cult and dressed accordingly
and this has been debated hotly
in the letters page of a local
newspaper. Some parents ex-

concern that their chil-
dren might take.to smoking
dagga which is widespread
among Rastafarians.

Then the Swazi Minister of
Education, Mr Dabulamjiva
Nhlabatsi, stepped in and ruled
that teachers and pupils must

dress

,not appear in Rastafarian

or follow the cult.

3400/2036

140

Last week he refused to allow
a local Reggae-style group to

travel to Malaysia for a cultural .

festival because he said their
Rasta image was not represen-
tative of Swazi culture and so-
ciety.

A comment in the Daily
Times of Swaziland attacks
these rulings on the grounds that
they are undiplomatic and inter-
fere with individual rights.

The comment -refers to the
late King Sobhuza’s way of
handling delicate issues with
wisdom and tact and of per-
suading his people into a certain
path rather than forcing them.

“As a level-headed nation we
need to uade and mould our”
children in a certain direction
and not bludgeon them into de-
spair and bitterness,” the paper
said.

SWAZILAND


well as an increase in the value-added tax by 2 percent to 9 percent. The
gross domestic product of the country decreased in real terms by 7 percent in
1983/84, and it proved possible to reduce the rate of inflation by 1.5 percent
compared to the preceding year to 9 percent, the share of agriculture and the
fishing industry, as well as mining, in the gross domestic product fell by 11
percent to 34 percent, of the approximately 0.2 million Namibians living in
the money economy 15 to 40 percent were unemployed, 75 percent of the state
expenditures fell to the share of the inflated administration.

The report from neighboring Botswana, that the World Bank has made available
1.6 billion rands for the laying of a railway line from the capital of Gaba-
rone to the South African enclave in Namibia, the port city of Walvis Bay,
likewise will hardly provide a stimulus to reverse the evident decline of the
economy.

8970
CSO: 3420/34

86



DISTRICT OFFICERS TO HANDLE BUDGETS

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Jul 84 p 1

[Article by E.A. Andam]

[Text]

AS from next June, District Bud-

get Officers throughout the’

‘country will be responsible for the
drawing up of all district compo-
site budgets. +

The appointment and assumption
of office of these officers will mark the
beginning of the government's decen-
tralisation programme.

This is to ensure that all govern-
ment departments represented at the
districts come under the direct con-
trol of the various district adminis-
trations.

Mr Kwei Addai, Ajumako-Enyan-
‘Essiam District Secretary, announc-
‘ed this in his contribution at a
symposium organised for civil ser-
vants in the district at Ajumako at
the week-end.

Mr Kwesi Adjei who spoke on the topit: “Th
Decentralisation Programme and the Revolus

CSO: 3400/2038

40

tion” noted that most heads of government
departments re] nted in the district do not
seem to subscribe to the idea of being imme-
diately accountable to the district administra-
tion.

He pointed out that coming under the
district administration is not
undercutting their positions but thi was
necessary for the smooth implementation of
the decentralisation policy which aims at
harnessing all resources lable in each
district for faster economic and sotial develop-
ment. 7

In this light, he argued that the whole pro-
gramme would be stifled if the present arran-
gement whereby district heads of departments
are accountable only to their regional ‘hose
persisted.

The District Secretary therefore appealed to
the heads of departments to stop entertaining’
fears and work diligently for the smooth tran-
sition into the decentralised administration.

Mr Ato Ghansah, District Co-ordinator. in
his contribution told the audience that the
defence committees concept proclaimed after
the December 31 action is aimed at ensuring
mass participation at every level of decision
vmaking. :



Moreover, to expand the ranks of the people's vigilantes and make them more
effective and dynamic, there was an urgent need," according to the military
commander of Inhambane Province, "to reorganize all the identification
institutions in the region, since the bandits were taking advantage of. defici-
encies in some of the Civil Registry agencies and acquiring identity cards

so that they could infiltrate the masses more easily. But the people have the
their eyes open and have been stopping any attempts made by the murderers,"
he added.

Situation Under the Control of the FAM

Information gathered by our envoy indicates that it can generally be said
that the military situation in Inhambane Province is under the total control
of the Armed Forces of Mozambique, thanks to the current military offensive
in the country, and especially in that region, ‘As an example, the presence
of the armed bandits in the 10 districts which make up Inhambane Province has
declined considerably, as the bandits do not have any organized leadership
now. As a result, their activities are limited to ambushing vehicles trans-
porting foodstuffs, but they fall short of their objectives.

"Districts which have been seriously affected by enemy action in the province
are Mabote, Massinga, Vilankulo, Jangamo and Morrumbene. The districts of
Mabote and Vilankulo were the first to be affected, when evidence of the
murderous wrath of the bandits was first noted, followed by the districts

in the southern part of the province. At present, the situation is under
control in all these areas of the province and consequently, the people are
resuming their normal lives again, supported by the dynamic presence of the
Party, particularly at this stage when the final blow is being dealt to the
armed bandits," our interviewee explained.

In answer to a question asked by our envoy, Domingos Fondo explained that
the district which was the most affected in terms of damage to social and
economic infrastructure was Zavala, where the bandits destroyed commerical
establishments located between Mavila and Zandamela. According to further
information given to our reporter by this military leader, the enemy was
able to perpetrate its criminal activities in that region because there
were hardly any soldiers there at the time,

"At the present time, however, the bandits have been driven out of Zavala
District and forced to abandon the area, and now there are only a few camps
of these criminals along Inharrime River in Banguze region. That area is
rich in food products, and the bandits appear from time to time in small
numbers to threaten the people and take their goods. Some of the bandits
which appear in Banguze are from parts of Gaza Province and even Inhambane,
where they have been driven out by the FAM/FPLM," he added.

People's Activities
The people have been helping in the unconditional battles against the armed

bandits--formerly in the pay of the Pretoria regime--in Inhambane Province,
thanks to the close collaboration between the people and the armed forces.

gl



GHANA

COCOBOD REIMBURSES UNPAID FARMERS
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 26 Jul 84 pp 1, 4
[Article by Wendy Asiama]

[Text] The Ghana Cocoa Board has released #8 ,595,897 to three indigenous
banks to be paid to farmers in seven districts in the Brong Ahafo Region
whose Akuafo cheques were not honoured by the Ghana Co-operative Bank during
the 1983/84 main crop season.

The amount which has been released to the Social Security Bank, Ghana
Commercial Bank and the Agricultural Development Bank will be paid to the
farmers on behalf of the Co-operative Bank branches in the various districts
according to Mr F.A, Achampong, Chief Public Relations Officer of the board.

The banks will use the premises of the Co-operative Bank in the affected
areas to effect the payment which started on Tuesday.

The Chief Public Relations Officer named the Co-operative Bank centres where
payments would be carried out as Asumura, Bomaa, Kenyasi, Ntotroso, Atronie,
Kasampim and Kwapong.

Payment of the outstanding debt of ¢8.59 million to farmers in the region
followed directives issued by the National Cocoa Evacuation Committee about

two weeks ago-~

It would be recalled that during the 1983/84 main cocoa crop season, the
Ghana Co-operative Bank failed to honour Akuafo cheques presented to it by
some farmers in Brong Ahafo following the misapplication of monies meant
for the payment of cocoa bought from these farmers in the affected areas
that season.

It is, however, not known if the Co-operative Bank will be allowed to parti-
cipate in the payment of Akuafo cheques in the region during the 1984/85
main crop season which is just about to open.

Recentiy, Mr Kwesi Ahwoi, a member of the National Akuafo Cheque System
Monitoring and Implementation Committee (ACMIC), instructed that other banks
should move into areas in the Brong Ahafo Region where the Co-operative Bank
has monopoly but performed ineffectively.

cso: 3400/2038
58



The military commander of Inhambane Province, Major-General Domingos Fondo
had the following to say in this regard:

"Tt is not been in just this province, but all our people understand that the
activities carried out by the armed bandits are aimed at sabotaging the
country economically. Therefore, besides the political work done by the
Party and the FDS, the people are angry at the bandits. The people not only
have heard of the criminal activities of the bandits, but have seen their
children, parents and relatives maimed and killed. All this has increased
their anger against the armed bandits and has led them to fully understand
their objectives."

"Meanwhile," he continued, "all this has led the people to volunteer to take
political and military training courses, and to ask for weapons to defend
their own homes and work places. We have had thousands of people come to
us for training. These people are already participating in direct fighting
against the enemy, resulting in the destruction of the bases and camps of
the bandits."

Asked to specify the number of persons taking the self-defense courses, the
commander said that "it is impossible to know exactly the number of persons
whom we have trained, but we can see the results of this important activity."

“For instance, students in the various schools located in this province
participate in the combat against the enemy during their free time, either

by transporting supplies or in direct combat," the commander said, adding
later that the teachers and directors of production departments also took part
in the work referred to.

Recovery of Victims of the Bandits

As regards the recovery of and social support for victims of the armed bandits,
there are activities coordinated with the Party and government structures at
provincial level, The military commander of Inhambane said that the primary
concern of the FDS was to guarantee security in the places regained from the
armed bandits in the current military offensive. He had the following to

say in this connection:

“Whenever we engage the enemy in battle, we free the people who were held
captive, and we gain back the land itself. And, all the structures in the
province give us their support so that goods may be effectively transported
to the area."

"Moreover, once a specific zone has been rewon, the provincial party structures,
government and FDS make special efforts at ideological mobilization and at
providing all the supplies needed so that state, private, family and coopera-
tive stores can be opened. Seeds are also supplied, and efforts are made

to ensure the patriotic education of the people recovered from the bandits."

"Meanwhile," he added, "to guarantee the security of the zones where there has

been or is enemy action, we train local troops who stop any attacks by the
bandits. As regards recovery of units of production, as I said earlier,

82



Strong Dollar, High Interest Rates
Pretoria DIE VOLKSBLAD in Afrikaans 9 Jul 84 p 8
[Editorial "Fasten the Belts"]

[Text] Fasten the seat belts, it's going to be a bumpy ride for everybody:
entrepreneurs, consumers...everybody. Unless something that will shake

the world to its foundations happens, the dollar will maintain its excessive
strength to at least the end of this year...with everything that this
implies: a low price for gold, high interest rates, more expensive imports,
a sharp increase in fuel prices (which seem unavoidable at this stage),
unemployment and other miseries.

Throughout his term in office a strong dollar has been one of President
Reagan's most import objectives and therefore it can be expected that his
administration will do nothing that will undermine the strength of their
monetary unit. This will almost always be the strongest point presented to
the U.S. public for his re-election in November. It will not matter so much
whether his rate of interest policy will result in an increase in unemploy-
ment in the United States, because whether there are now 5 or 6 million
unemployed these will scarcely be of consequence against more than 140
million voters who are now proud and contented.

Because of the fact that the world's oil merchants are insisting on payment
in dollars (rather than gold or other currencies) South Africa, as most
other oil consumers, will be paying more for its oil and this will naturally
be a portion of the price which South Africans will have to pay. Starting
today the Reserve Bank has increased its prime interest to banks by another
+25 percent and this can presage a higher cost of borrowing.

On top of this credit tightening will increase sharply, especially after the
public's buying spree before the general national income tax was increased,
and the government will find it necessary to put stricter controls on
imports. It is also expected that bigger cash deposits will be required

in credit buying transactions.

The fact that the strong dollar is going to cause a lot of widespread pain
is also evident in the beating being taken by the pound sterling. This
means a period vf bad inflation also for South Africa which is in the same
situation and can now probably forget the dream of single digit inflation
for the coming year.

Trying times are ahead and South Africans, who are simply are not. known

economic self control, will have to learn this virtue whether they like it
or not.

7964
cso: 3401/99

117



SOUTH AFRICA

APPROPRIATION OF FUNDS FOR STATE APPROVED

Pretoria GOVERNMENT GAZETTE in English No 9350, 31 Jul 84 pp 3,.5, 79

[Text] ACT

To appropriate an amount of money for the requirements of the
State during the financial year ending 31-March 1985.

(English text signed by the State President.)
(Assented to 12 July 1984.)

BE IT ENACTED by the State President and the House of
Assembly of the Republic of South Africa, as follows:—

1. Subject to the provisions of the Exchequer and Audit Act, Appropriation

1975 (Act No. 66 of 1975), there is hereby appropriated for the of moneys for

5 requirements of the State during the financial year ending 31 Yawn"
March 1985, the amounts of money shown in column 1 of the ate.

Schedule, with which the State Revenue Account shall be

charged.
2. This Act shall be called the Appropriation Act, 1984. Short title.
APPROPRIATION ACT, 1984 Act No. 98, 1984
Schedule
Vote
Column Column
No. Title 1 2
R R
1 | State President . . 1.385 000
2° | Parliament 9 173 000
Includir
Grant-in-aid to the Parliamentary Association of the Re-
public of South Africa . 140 000
3° | Prime Minister .........- . 10 240 000
4 | Co-operation and Development 1702 558 000
Including—
Grants-in-aid to the S.A. Development Trust Fund:
Purchase of land and settlement of people for consoli-
dation of Black areas . . 124 500 000
Development towards self-determinatio 280 465 000
Project aid ..... 15.000 000
Purchase of prop
‘governing, states. 15 000 000

120



The delegation also toured ceramic factories, the city of New Gerona and
visited a national monument.

The Ghanaian delegation to the Isle of Youth was accompanied by Mr Jorce
Risquest, a member of the party's Politburo and Mr Jose Fernandez, a
member of the Central Committee of the Cuban Communist Party.--GNA

CSO: 3400/2108

27



BOTSWANA

INCREASED CATTLE RAISING CAUSING PROBLEMS FOR WILDLIFE
East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 3 Aug 84 p 16

[Article by Mort Rosenblum: "Cattle Crowd Out Game in Kalahari Carnage"]

[Text] Rampant cattle ran-

ching, spurred by fore-
ign aid, is turning fragile
Southern African land
into permanent desert
and killing off some of
the world’s last great
herds of game.

Scientists say the
dramatic case of Bots-
wana, a stable democra-
cy with black Africa’s
highest per capita in-
come, reflects a scourge
devastating much of a
continent each year less
able to feed itself.

“This is obscene,” said
ecologist, Mr Douglas
Williamson, on @
“moonscape” dotted
with blackened piles of
skulls and bone ash —
burnt remains of 50 000

wildebees crowded out.

by cattle at this Kalahari
reservoir of Mopipi.
” Northeast of here, at
least 40 000 zebra and
antelope face death,
walking 48 kilometres
between their water
,source, the Botete River,
and the nearest vegeta-
tion left by grazing cat-
le.
“At this rate, within

the decade there will be,

nothing left of the
game,” said Mr William-
son, a South African who
had worked in Botswana
for 10 years, but is now
with the Frankfurt
Zoological Society.

Steadily, he said, cat-
tle are rendering sterile,
land that should inde-
finitely sustain wild
animals. “How can you
have a production sys-
tem that destroys its
base for production?” he
asked.

The wildebees — or

nu — are the most en-

angered. Experts re-
porting for the United

Nations, international

agencies and the Bots-
wana Government, agree
environmental damage

is critical, in places irre-
vocable.

And, they say, most
cattle are owned by a
rich elite in power, who
sell beef to the Euro-
pean Economic Com-'
munity at preferential
rates, with no net tax’
benefits to the Botswana
Treasury.

As elsewhere in Afri-
ca, severe drought has
intensified overgrazing,
leaving vast stretches
devoid of vegetation or
covered in scrub bush.
even wildlife cannot eat.

The other extreme is
Lesotho, veined with
raw, eroded gashes. It
loses 10 per cent of its
topsoil a year. “We could
have saved it, but the
political will was not
there,” said Mr Sid
Youthed, former soil
conservation officer in

Lésotho who sees simi-
lar trends in Botswana.

In Botswana, the situa-
ition is worsened by 2 880
kilometres of cordon
fences erected to control
foot-and-mouth disease,
believed carried by Buf-
falo. Since 1954, ecolog-
ists say hundreds of
thousands of game anim-
als have died from the
fences.

Wild herds, cut off
from routes to water, die,
naturally or are” mas-
sacred in_ their
weakened condition by
poachers and villagers.
Ranchers, hard-pressed,
crowd cattle into game
reserves. Lion and
leopard are killed as
predators.

The government and
private ranchers overide
nature’s defences by
sinking boreholes in fra-
gile terrain which is
quickly overgrazed. As a
result, land is dying in
the same way as in the
Sahel region south of the
Sahara. 1

Across Africa, as well
as in Botswana, con-
servation campaigns
have proved too narrow-
ly based to reverse the
process.

“In concentrating on
saving a few popular
species, like rhino and
elephants, we are neg-
lecting the destruction



SOUTH AFRICA

‘RESCUE OPERATION’. NEEDED FOR NATAL SUGAR INDUSTRY
Kimberley DIAMOND FIELDS ADVERTISER in English 27 Jul 84 p 8

[Text] .

DFA Correspondent He- said’ 150 000:
‘DURBAN — A rescue ‘sugar industry workers:
operation would have and their 750 000

to be mounted for the: dependents played s

meetinginDurban,Mr —_—threat: of massive. mig-
Smeaton warned that ration to the cities and
existing -Government ef squatting problems
implementation" ‘of there.

price control would ‘Mr.Smeaton said the
force the sugar indus- industry had gained 'a
try to sink ‘deeper and ‘fat cat” image but he
deeper into the morass thought the authorities
‘of clinging loans and would. have investi-
‘high interest burdens,’ gated the _ position
without an opportunity rather. than having
of regaining economic ‘acted on an assumed
stability. = idea.

Painting a blesk pic- Existing Govern-
ture of the industry’s . ment policy. on price
finances, Mr Smeaton. ‘control over the iridust-
said Natal already had’ ‘ial’ selling: tevel of
one. of. the highest sugar was’ being exer-
unemployment rates incised in a: way which
‘the country, estimated. forced the industry to
at over 20 percent. borrow revenue which

Without a sugar ‘correctly. should be
industry, the economy: _ derived from: the con-

‘would shrink. sumer. Local sugar
dramatically and ancil- prices are among the
liary services such as _lowest inthe world. and

¥ g, in only.one year out of

‘commerce and 12 has: the domestic
industry: would. col- price been sufficient to
lapse — with a further. Cover costs of produc-
adverse effect on the . tion, and’ accepted
labour market. return.

cso: 3400/2107

13:

a



Nilotic north. But the enthusiasm vanished rapidly when it turned out that
the tyrant had not only instigated bloodbaths among the Langi and Acholi
tribes loyal to Obote, but also didnot spare the elite of the Baganda.

The Surreptitious Comeback

After the expulsion of Amin by Tanzanian troups and Ugandan exile units,

hopes once again developed among the Baganda of being able at last to play a
political role commensurate with their economic significance--but the course
had been set for the return of Obote. After two interim governments under
Yusuf Lule and Godfrey Binaisa, a military commission came to power in 1980,
which paved the way for Obote out of his Tanzanian exile, at the end of which
--this is how they had imagined it--was to stand a convincing election victory.
This did, indeed, come about--although only through massive falsifications in
favor of Obote's Ugandan People's Congress (UPC) and to the detriment of the
Catholic-stamped classical Baganda party, the "Democratic Party" (DP).

With his surreptitious comeback, to be sure, Obote ended up in the midst of
enemy territory--for differently than in 1966, when the Baganda had

meekly submitted to Obote's blows, this time guerilla groups developed, of
which ‘the National Resistance Movement (NRM) led by Yusuf Lule from his exile
in London, and its military wing NRA, headed by the former minister of de-
fense Museveni, has proved to be the strongest. To be sure, at the end of

the past year it seemed as though the army, in the course of an offensive, had
succeeded in expelling the dissidents from the Buganda districts of Mpigi,
Luwero and Mubende, which border directly on the territory of the capital, but
this hope of the government has proved to be deceptive.

Precisely as if the death of the chief of staff of the army, David Oyite Ojok--
one of the closest confidants of Obote, who in December died in a helicopter
crash under circumstances never entirely clarified--had acted as a signal,

the guerilla fighters, pushed into the defensive, now once again began to

seize the initiative. In January they kidnapped 11 staff members of the Inter-
national Red Cross whom they soon set free again, however. When shortly after-
wards four foreign development aid workers, three Swiss and one Englishman,
were murdered not far from the yacht club on Lake Victoria, it was immediately
clear to the government that this likewise could only have been the rebels.

At the same time, the deed did not at all fit into the pattern of behavior of
the guerillas, but could sooner be fitted neatly into the long series of

brutal acts of the notoriously undisciplined soldiers. ' This rabble of sol-
diers is primarily responsible for the fact that the civilian population must
experience such endless suffering under the situation in Uganda. While the
guerillas as a rule strike at well-defined targets, the counterblows of the
army for the most part lead to cruel campaigns of vengeance against the popu-
lation, which as a matter of principle is suspected of collaboration.

One of the last excesses in accordance with this pattern occurred in May,
after an NRA-commando had perpetrated an act of sabotage against a satellite
station in the vicinity of the capital and thus triggered a military action,
which did not develop into an anti-guerilla operation, but into a terrible
massacre. Leaving behind a broad trail of blood, the soldiers moved through

143



GHANA

PRELIMINARY CENSUS RESULTS REPORTED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Aug 84 p 3
[Article by Yaw Asante]

[Text] The preliminary results of the 1984 population census were presented,
as promised by the Government Statistician, at the end of June.

Table I gives a general picture of the numbers enumerated in the regions
and in the country as a whole, compared to the numbers enumerated in the
1970 Census.

For the whole country, the 1970 figure of approximately eight and a half
million has grown to over twelve million in a period of 14 years--an increase
of 42.6%.

It should be remembered that not every Ghanaian was counted in either of
these census exercises.

Ghanaians abroad, if they were to be included, would add another million
or more, and a few people inside Ghana may have escaped the attention of the
census enumerated.

Implication

But although the total of 12,205,574 may be less than the actual number of
Ghanaians, the increase of 42.6% reflects the pattern of population growth
in most Third World countries.

Tn these countries, population is doubling within a period of 30 years or
less.

The grave implication of this rapid population growth is that production of
food, exports, the provision of housing, educational and health facilities,
etc. must all grow at the same rapid rate merely to maintain the same standard
of living. If conditions are to improve for the masses, then productivity
must increase faster than population.

42



There are. three factors to consider in this scenario:- -
1) Mobutu cannot afford a major diplomatic battle without tacit

American support. Nor, in the present uncertain political

atmosphere in Kinshasa (AC Vol 25 No 11 & 14) can he afford

to give an opportunity to armed incursion into Zaire by

‘opposition groups, which conceivably could ignite the Zairean

army against him. >

2) The chances of a Cuban withdrawal from Angola as part of a
Namibia settlement are fast approaching zero in the forseeable
future. The strong pro-Savimbi element in covert US foreign
policy could therefore argue that critical pressure on the
MPLA - via an attack on Cabinda - might force either the
collapse of the MPLA or MPLA-UNITA negotiations. Either
way that would result in a more moderate government in
Luanda.

3) South Africa wants a settlement in Namibia only after the
emergence in Angola of a government that will cut off support
for both SWAPO and the ANC.

Meanwhile in Luanda the US and Portugal have
become the main targets for MPLA frustration. At
the recent show trial in a Luanda cinema of 56
people accused of diamond struggling, several Portu-
guese were accused of economic sabotage against
the state, and an Angolan, Francisco Fragata, was
charged of spying for the US. A former local
employee of the US embassy in Luanda, Francisco
Fragata was delegated by the US to settle outstanding
accounts after the embassy’s closure in 1977. A
cclegram from the US state department thanking him
for his services was exhibited in court.. Angola’s
public prosecutor, Lt-Col. Simeao Kafuki, dem-
anded the death penalty for Fragata and four other
Angolans.

Though court statements were made in camera, it
is known that at least one of the accused (José
Alberto Ferreira Pinto) stated last month that some
MPLA ‘leaders were involved in the illegal diamond
traffic. The following week two members of the
MPLA central committee, Lt-Col. David Moises
(who was recalled from Moscow where he was atten-
ding a staff course for Generals) and Celestino
Bernardo, a former secretary for cooperatives, were
suspended from their duties. In March the chief of
police, Fernando da Conceicao, was dismissed.

The involvement of Portuguese in the show-trials
comes at a time when Angolan-Portuguese relations
have been marked by a series of recriminatory and
contradictory incidents. While the MPLA defence
ministry contacted a group of Portuguese war veter-
ans, all with counter-insurgency experience in ‘Ang-
ola, with the view to them training FAPLA officers,
various Angolan diplomats, notably the ambassador
to Lisbon, Franca van Dunen, stepped up pressure
on Portugal to curb UNITA activity in Lisbon. They
hinted that Angola might transfer its trade and
technical connections from Lisbon to Madrid.
Franca van Dunen then became the only Lusophone
ambassador in Lisbon also to accredit himself in
Spain. At one stage recently it seemed that Fidel
Castro’s visit to Madrid was a prelude to a more

CSO: 3400/2036

rapid shift by the MPLA towards Spain. Earlier this
year the Portuguese oil company, Petrogal, was the
only foreign company to be excluded from explora-
tion in the new offshore oil concession, bloc 4, north
of Luanda. Portuguese anxiety over its rift with
Angola was probably in part responsible for the new
anti-terrorist law and the re-establishment of an
information and security police department in Portu-
gal.

Because of developments in Angola, Portuguese-
Cuban rivalry has become a significant ingredient in

the East-West confrontation in southern Africa.
Both comparatively poor countries, they have tradi-
tionally been keenly interested in opportunities for
emigration of their nationals. Having had to accom-
modate, at great expense, 600,000 returnees from its
former colonies, Portugal is now faced with the
prospect of a mass return of hundreds of thousands
of Portuguese labourers in EEC countries, if or
when it joins the EEC.

Cuba, with the exception of an exodus in 1982-
83, has for long been unable to export its surplus
labour to the US. We understand that Fidel Castro,
who in the late 1970s unsuccessfully proposed a
major Cuban resettlement scheme in southern Ang-
ola, sees in the current impasse over Namibia a
possibility for resurrecting the issue. When Eduardo
dos Santos visited Cuba last March he was appar-
ently told that a substantial number of Cubans would
have to be granted Angolan citizenship if Cuba was
to cooperate in negotiations with South Africa.

Despite his misgivings, Dos Santos presented to
his politburo the idea as an ingenious way of circum-

venting the South African and US demand for a
Cuban withdrawal from Angola. In fact a constitu-
tional amendment last December does indeed make
it extremely easy for the government to give Cubans
Angolan nationality. However, the MPLA authori-
ties denied any such schemes, lending some credence
to the possibility of South African disinformation
on the matter.

We now understand from sources in Luanda that
the granting to Cubans and other Hispanics of
Angolan citizenship, in small batches at a time, has
already started. At a time when the MPLA is under
mounting pressure, the domestic repercussions could
become serious. Many Angolans would undoubtedly
fear that a lot of well-paid jobs would eventually be
held by ‘foreigners’ again.

And the Portuguese, whose own domestic frailties
sap so much energy, might feel that the endless and
frustrating diplomacy with the MPLA, especially
with the growing Cuban-Hispanic factor, should
be reduced in favour of break-or-make diplomacy
involving closer ties with UNITA@



GHANA

TUC SOLIDARITY FOR NICARAGUA BACKED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Jul 84 p 2
[Editorial: "Viva Nicaragua"]

[Text]

LAST week the Trades Union Congress
expressed unflinching solidarity with.
the oppressed people of Central Ame-
rica, and particularly with the people of
Nicaragua in their just struggle to be
free from oppression, hunger and want.

Launching the Solidarity week last
Monday, Mr A. K. Yankey the Secretary
General of the TUC asked Ghanaians
not to think that what is going on in
Central America is too far away to be of
concern to us.

On the contrary, he observed, the aspira-
tions of the oppressed peoples in the
region were identical to our own.

He noted that the ordinary people of Latin
America notably Guatemala, El Saiva-
dor, and Panama were fighting for so-
cial justice and meaningful democracy
against aggression by counter revolu-
tionary mercenaries trained and back-
ed by big money and the American CIA.

Ihe truth and importance of what the
Secrétary General of the TUC said is
re-inforced by the fact that despite the
many important things which need do-
ing at home, the Chief Cadre of the
Revolution, Fit-Lt J. J. Rawlings, ac-
cepted an invitation by the Nicaraguan
Government to participate In.celebra-
tions marking the FIFTH ANNIVER-
SARY of-the Sandinista Revolution and
left for Managua last Wednesday with
some secretaries and government offi-

cials.



SOUTH AFRICA

FACTORS LEADING TO MORE DIFFICULT ECONOMIC TIMFS AHEAD
Gold, Drought, Mistakes
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 10 Jul 84 p 14

[Editorial: "Cold Winds"]

[Text] Gold, the great supporting pillar of South African economy, is

about to leave the country in the lurch. But with all these somber prospects
one must not lose sight of the fact that today South Africa can probably
cope much better with the present drop, and even collapse, of the price of
gold than it could have several years ago. Making the country's economy
less dependent on gold turned out to be a wise policy.

However, it would be inopportune to underestimate the cold winds that are
at the moment blowing over the economy. Because of the unfortunate
coincidence of circumstances the economy is struggling with a number of well
known ailments.

Some of these problems can be ascribed to mistakes made in the recent past;
others are again the result of developments which nobody can control and in
this respect one has especially in mind the drought and the price of gold.

One thing we must watch against is yielding to the temptation of attributing
all of our problems to foreign influences.

One must accept the fact that South Africa had gotten used to live above
its means...and if one year did not turn out to be an exceptional agri-
cultural year which pulled the cart across the ford, the following year
there was a sudden increase in the price of godd.

These strokes of good luck spoiled South Africa and therefore it hurts all
the more to see that there are no prospects in these hard times for a stroke
of good luck to recur.

Instead of counting on strokes of good luck it will be necessary to make
painful adaptations and if the patient displays the necessary will to
swallow the bitter medicine there is all the hope that he can face a future
with a healthier economic structure.

116



an added boost and when I was leaving home the food situation was very good
even though we are not yet in the real harvest season.

There ‘is a lot of food around and I think this in itself is an indication
of improvement.

CA: And I'm sure also the important factor of improvement in agriculture
has been the PNDC's decision to allow workers, everybody to do so some sort
of farming by giving them time after work. Won't you say so?

JA: Yes. But this was done for the rainy season, for the planting season.
So we are back to the same working hours except that we go to work an hour
late. Instead of eight we report at nine. But between March and June we
went to work at nine and closed at three, so, as you said, people could have
the opportunity to do some work on their backyards.

But workplaces are also being encouraged to do collective farming. So you
have some workplaces which may have a farm a couple of miles away and they
would occasionally take one day and go and work on those farms.

CA: And of course Miss Aryee, recently the PNDC re-opened Ghana's borders
with Ivory Coast and Togo. Is that an indication that there has been a
considerable improvement in the relations between Ghana and those two
countries?

JA: Yes and no. You see, the thing is that the closure of the borders had
nothing to do with strained relations. It was a purely economic decision.
As you well know, smuggling was on such an increase that even the little
things that we were producing were finding their way to both Togo and Ivory
Coast.

Points

So it was purely for economic reasons that we closed the borders. And as
you'll remember we wanted sometime ago to open four points because we felt
that we had enough security to deal with those four points and naturally
because of the advantages that those countries have from the smuggling
activities they wanted all opened, knowing that a lot of paths and so on
would be opened. But we have discussed all these issues and I think all
three countries—Ghana, Ivory Coast and Togo--have sat down and discussed
at length what should be done to forestall the reasons which went into the
closure of the borders.

Our relations have always been good. We have protested whenever we have

felt that either side has not done something that we believe ought to be
done. But the relations were never bad.

15



Coptic religion. Not until 1974 was Oromo recognized as a national language
of Ethiopia, and only since 1975 have there existed broadcasts in Oromo and
an Oromo magazine. Three Oromo are ministers in the government of the
revolution.

But just as among other peoples of Ethiopia, so among the Oromo a secessionist
rebel organization, the "Oromo Liberation Front" (OLF), was formed after

the revolution. Since the Mekane~Yesus Church is primarily an Oromo church,
and since it has, for a number of reasons, never dissociated itself publicly
from the OLF, and because, according to its own data, 90 percent of its
financing comes from abroad, particularly the Federal Republic of Germany,
and because more OLF rebels belong to this church than to any other and

of all people the brother of the secretary general of the church, Gulina
Tumsah, who was arrested in 1979 and has since disappeared, is the chief

of the OLF rebels--for all these reasons the Mekane~Yesus Church is particu-
larly suspect to the regime. It does not matter that compared with the
threat from Somalia, Eritrean separatism and the uprisings in the provinces
of Tigre and Wollo, the OLF is insignificant.

8790
cso: 3420/32

10



Factors Leading to More Difficult Economic Times Ahead
(Editorial; BEELD, 10 Jul 84; DIE VOLKSBLAD, 9 Jul 84)....

Gold, Drought, Mistakes
Strong Dollar, High Interest Rates

Letter by Koornhof Criticizes Critic of Homelands Policy
(DIE VADERLAND, 17 Jul 84) ..ccssecvescccsccccecsesecnscess

Appropriation of Funds for State Approved
(GOVERNEMNT GAZETTE, No 9350, 31 Jul 84).......eceeeseveeee

Tumahole Township Unrest Analyzed
(Revelation Ntoula; THE STAR/REVIEW, 21 Jul 84)............

Comments on Dr Koornhof's Resignation
(DIE BURGER, 10 Aug 84) ....ceecescevcerccccncceccerceeenees

White Afrikaans Speakers Outnumbered
(Jeanette Minnie; RAND DAILY MAIL, 7 Aug 84)......eeeeeeees

Angry Indians Jeer Krog Over School Closure
(THE STAR, 9 Aug 84)..

Commentary on 'Unused' Cahora Bassa
(Editorial; THE STAR, 8 Aug 84)..

SA Chinese Seek Equality
(Paul Bell; RAND DAILY MAIL, 6 Aug 84)....

Governemnt Urged To Heed Demands of Blacks
(Johan Degenaar; SUNDAY TIMES, 5 Aug 84).........5

"Rescue: Operation’ Needed for Natal Sugar Industry
(DIAMOND FIELDS ADVERTISER, 27 Jul 84)....

Academic Claims 'SA's Injustices Turning Youth Toward Marxism’
(Eugene Saldanha; THE STAR, 7 Aug 84)......... eee cee eens .

Acid Rain Threat to Country Examined
(RAND DAILY MAIL, 7 Aug 84).....ecececeeccceecceseceecerere

Briefs
Sisulu Warning

SWAZILAND

Enthusiasm for Rastafarian Cult Examined
(THE STAR, 6 Aug 84) .... cece cece cece eee c eee n ence esac eeennee

116

118

120

124

127

128

129

130

131

133

135

136

138

139

140


WHITE AFRIKAANS SPEAKERS OUTNUMBERED

Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 7 Aug 84 p 2

[Article by Jeanette Minnie]

[Text]

cso:

3400/2107

bat or of Adiga:

ea are Pealts

In the “Verslag” SABC TV
programme last night it was
said that “non-white” s)
ers of Afrikaans ma x
75% of Afrikaans speakers in
the country.

Coloured* academics and
frites in the Cape said on

the programme they rejected
the theory. that “hirikaans
was a di language as it

would continue to exist as the
main language spoken by
ureds.

color

Mr Leonard Koza, a Cape
pon said that Afrikaans was
not the exclusive property of
white Atrikaans. 3 speakers
and for that reason Afrikaans
as a language was not threat-
ened by the declining white

birthrate.

Afrikaner
‘Tony Links of the De-
periment of Afrikaans-
jederlands of the University
of the Western Cape said that
the origins of Afrikaans were
not Germanic but that black

128

and non-Germanic languagés
iad ime io
role

“This ‘not received
much ition by Afri-
kaans-s} ig whites. The
non-Germanic influences are
fundamental to the gram-
‘matical structure and lexi-
con of Afrikaans and lie at
the very heart of Afrikaans,”
he said.

Coloured writers such ag
Peter Snyders, Leonard
Koza, Peter Kal nd Mel-
vin Whitebooi ash iat, be-
cause of. apartheid, white
Afrikaners had denied’ the
contribution of coloureds to
Afrikaans and had diminish-
ed the coloureds in radio and
TV dramas to the role of ser-
vants who were always on

‘iphery.

Regie itebooi, who is
n Afrikaans newspaper
eden said his paper's circu-
lation was rising, and more
books were being written by
coloureds in Afrikaans de-
spite the oppression of
,eoloured people by white
Afrikaners.

SOUTH AFRICA


' THE 907 106 registered “coloured”
‘voters represent only 64,8% of the
' potential “coloured” electorate,

on the 1980 census figures.

And the figure could be even lower, ac-
cording to some Government officials
and researchers, who believe the actual
number of “coloured” adults might be as
much as 12% higher than 1980 figures.

In the “Indian” community, 88,7% of the
potential voters, based on the 1980 cen-
sus, have registered.

Again, this figure could be lower if the
registration is based on research esti-
mates of the actual “Indian” population.

By comparison, by November last year,
'89,4% of potential white voters based on
the 1980 census were in possession of

cso: 3400/2107

106

Books of Life on which voters rolls will’
be compiled in future.

‘The figures mean that the percentage polls
in the “coloured” and indian” elections
later this month will have to be substan-

> tial if it is to be claimed that the out-
comes are representative of the will of
the majority of the two groups.

A 50% official poll in the “coloured” elec-
tion will mean a 32,4% actual poll, based
on the 1980 census figures, and an even
lower poll if based on the estimated 1,5-
million potential “coloured” voters.

In the “Indian” election, a 50% official pol
will mean a 44,8% poll, based on the 1980
census figures, and possibly an even
lower poll based on research estimates.
‘Repon by Chris Freimond, 171 Main Street, Johannesburg)


MINERALS COMMISSION NAMED--The PNDC has announced the establishment of a
Minerals Commission, constituted under PNDC Law 42 to advise on national
policy relating to the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources
and also to monitor the performance of all bodies and establishments
concerned with minerals. The membership is as follows: Prof Akilagpa
Sawyerr, chairman; Mr F. Ohene Kena, Under Secretary, Ministry of Lands and
Natural Resources; Mr Kofi Ansah, Executive Secretary, Minerals Commission;
Prof K.A.B. Asihene, head of UST, School of Mining and Mineral Engineering,
UST and the Director of Investment Centre (to provide bridge between
Minerals investment and general investment regime)--all members. Others
are Mr Bentum Williams, managing director, Social Security Bank (Expert in
Minerals development); Mr K.A. Sagoe, ‘chairman, Lands Commission (Lands
Concession Administrator); Mr S.E. Johan, Government Nominee on AGC Board
and Deputy Managing Director, Ashanti Goldfields Corp (Mining Engineering
and Minerals Economist) and Joe Ahima Danso (Expert in Mining). According
to a statement issued in Accra yesterday with the formation of the Minerals
Commission, the functions of bodies such as the Aluminium Industries
Commission, Iron and Steel Commission will be taken over by this new
Commission. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 21 Jul 84 p 4]

CADRES OUSTED--The following Cadres of the recently dissolved Volta Regional
Defence Committee are forbidden with immediate effect to hold any Defence
Conmittee Office and shall not be part of any Co-ordinating Structure of
Defence Committees from the Unit to the national level in any part of Ghana
for the next three years. They are Mr Samuel Deku, Agnes Funu and Koku
Mensah Akar. This punitive measure has become necessary because of improper
behaviour of the Cadres during a field operation in the Nkwanta District of
the Volta Region. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 27 Jul 84

p 5]

CHANA, GUYANA COMMUNIQUE--Ghana and Guyana have condemned the escalating
military situation in Central America and the Caribbean. They have there-
fore called for the establishment of a peace zone in the area. This is
contained in a communique issued in Georgetown after talks between the
Chairman of the PNDC, Flt-Lt J.J. Rawlings and President Forbes Burnham of
Guyana. The two leaders denounced attempts to subvert the revolutionary
process in Nicaragua and declared support for the Nicaraguan people and
their struggle to defend the Sandinista Revolution. On the African political
scene, Flt-Lt Rawlings and the Guyanese leader called for the granting of
immediate independence to Namibia under the leadership of the South West
Africa People's Organisation. Touching on the situation in the Middle East,
they said lasting peace can only be possible if the right of the Palestinian
people to self-determination is respected and Israeli troops withdrawn from
occupied Arab territories. The two sides reiterated the need to establish
a new International Economic Order with due respect for the legitimate
interests of the developing countries. Flt-Lt Rawlings and Mr Burnham
stressed their countries commitment to the Non-Aligned Movement and the

need for closer co-operation in international organisations. They also
agreed to promote bilateral co-operation between their countries. [Text]
[Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Aug 84 p 1}

65



The Central Region followed with 1,145,520 as against 890,135 recorded in
1970. The increase is put at 28.7 percent with a growth rate of 1.8
percent.

Western Region recorded 1,116,930 as against 770,089 recorded in 1970. This
represents an increase of 45 percent with a growth rate of 2.7 percent.

Upper East Region followed with a population of 771,584. For 1970 the region
recorded 542,858. This represents an increase of 42.1 percent with a growth
rate of 2.5 percent.

The Upper West recorded a figure of 439,161 as against 319,865 filed for

1970. This represents an increase of 37.3 percent with a growth rate of
2.3 percent.

cso: 3400/2038

20



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SISULU WARNING--Seshego--The Indian and Coloured youth would be conscripted
into the South African Army to fight their own brothers when the new
constitution was implemented later this month. This was said by the Transvaal
president of the United Democratic Front (UDF) Mrs Albertina Sisulu, during
a rally held at the Seshego cinema hall yesterday. Mrs Sisulu, the wife

of the former ANC secretary general, Walter Sisulu, who is serving a life
sentence on Robben Island, was loudly cheered by the more than 4 000 people.
She called for the scrapping of the Bantustans and urged the Government to
release Nelson Mandela, the imprisoned ANC president who is now serving life
sentence on Robben Island. [Text] [Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English
6 Aug 84 p 5]

cso: 3400/2107

139



BURKINA

BRIEFS

YUGOSLAVIAN COOPERATION~-Yugoslavia and Burkina have recently seriously
examined the possibility of strengthening their economic cooperation, which

lags behind the good political relations which the two nonaligned countries
enjoy. The minister of Foreign Affairs expressed his country's interest in
having Yugoslavian enterprises play an important role in the solution of its
economic problems. Both sides argued in favor of concrete forms of cooperation,
oriented toward the strengthening of economic relations and toward an increase
in trade, currently on the order of 300 to 500 thousand dollars. Besides
providing food and medicines, Yugoslavia offers scientific and technical aid

as well as student scholarships to this drought-threatened country. One of

the most important infrastructure projects in the country is the construction of a
railroad linking the Burkinabe capital, Ouagadougou, with Mali and Niger.

A good 105 km have already been built. Yugoslavia's "Investimport" should
participate in the execution of this project, which is the subject of negotiations
between the two countries. With respect to investment cooperation, an agreement
is being negotiated on the participation of Belgrade's "Energoprojekt" in the
joint opening up and exploitation of three large mines in this mineral-rich
country. Yugoslavia reported a deficit of some 100 thousand dollars in its
trade with Burkina, to which it exports shoes, veterinary medicines, etc.
and from which it imports wicker products, sugar, etc. Both Yugoslavia

and Burkina advocate greater activity on the part of nonaligned countries at
this time of strained international relations. They particularly stress the
necessity of strengthening economic cooperation between nonaligned countries.
[Text] [Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French No 839, 13 Jul 84 p 27] 9825

FRG DEVELOPMENT AID--The government of the Republic of Burkina, represented

by Comrade Talata Eugene Dondasse, minister of planning and cooperation, and the
government of the Federal Republic of Germany, represented by his excellence
Elias Jurgen, the Federal Republic of Germany's ambassador to the Republic of
Burkina, signed a financial cooperation agreement on Friday, July 6, 1984.

As a result of this agreement, which confirms earlier committments made during
the last intergovernmental talks between the two countries, the government of
the Federal Republic of Germany is making 56 million deutsche marks available to
the Burkinabe people for various development projects, particularly rural
irrigation and infrastructure projects. During the ceremony, the comrade
minister of cooperation and planning was joined by his cabinet director and

the director of technical and financial cooperation. At the side of ambassador
Elias was a new colleague, Mr. Rolf Poschenreider, recently arrived in our country
to replace Mr. Weerth whose assignment has ended. [Text] [Ouagadougou CARREFOUR
AFRICAIN in French No 839, 13 Jul 84 p 9] 9825



"Just SA Is Only Route to Peace’

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text J

cso

iits residential

" “Destiny

South Africa was ap-
proaching a time when
areas
would be turned into bat-
tlefields, a Soweto theolo-
gian, the Rev Frank Chi-
kane, has warned.
Speaking yesterday at
84”, a pro-
gramme organised - by
Christian groups on Wit-
watersrand — University
campus, Mr Chikane said:
“Only when we weep can
we avoid the holocaust. A
person starts weeping
when he comes to grips

-with reality.”

3400/2107

The reality was that
the oppressed ‘would al-

137

ways say they had a just
war and would accumu-
jlate arms,.he said. The
only route to peace was
“the establishment of a
, Just society.

:. Mr Chikane appealed
for radical change, which
‘would transform society
ind would allow citizens
‘full participation.

The liberal notion of
“evolutionary change
could not, work, he said,
because it meant the
“rate of change is deter-
mined by the oppressor,
sand the oppressed are not
‘Boing to understand why
it has'to be so slow”,



For example, the Progress Party government in 1969 decided to send out of
this country aliens (who were supposedly assuming monopolist positions in
certain key sectors of our economy) instead of devising measures to curb
their nefarious activities and allowing them to stay on. In 1983, 14 clear
years later, Ghanaians in Nigeria were paid back in their own coin at a time
some of the brains behind the 1969 decision were relaxing in their graves.
And most of those who suffered the Nigerian deportation were kids at the ~
time the Aliens Compliance Order was invoked! This is how decisions taken by
people can affect even their great grandchildren when they themselves are
dead and gone.

Decision-making

There is the need, therefore, to involve the youth organizations in the
decision-making process at all levels. It is only then that their capabil-
ities could be given a free rein to operate for the good of the society and
to absolve the leaders of any repercussions affecting the youth since
decisions would have been collectively taken.

Normally, when students converge for similar gatherings, a number of unsavoury
incidents are recorded. Principal among them being the use of the occasion
for the mere exchange of addresses and such frivolities and worst of all
indulgence in immoral practices. Not with GUNSA the most dynamic and
dedicated student group in the country, anyway.

Incidentally, GUNSA's general secretary, Mr Godwin Dogbey is a member of the
committee for the IYY. Having been with the association for almost two
decades and travelled widely on GUNSA tickets, he sHould be able to prove
equal to the task altead. The convention must not be made into an orientation
course where a series of lectures would have to be boringly delivered. Some
form of recreational activity should find practical expression in the
programme for the 4-day long session. Say an operation sweeping of Madina
Market.

What progressive forces and organizations would want to see of GUNSA at this:
convention is the avoidance of reflecting neutrality in its deliberations
because it is a universally accepted fallacy to claim to be neutral. The
convention must come up with practical measures which could involve and
incorporate the efforts of students and youth of this country into the master
programme of rebuilding mother Ghana.

Indeed, the 21st Annual Convention must be a convention with a difference.
The foreign delegates must have something to cheer and talk about back in
their countries for years.

CSO: 3400/2108

25



is against pluralism. It is the state of the Crusades. This is what history
shows us, Now African/black societies are pluralistic, as are their models of
states and power. Each community organizes itself on its own terms, This is
what the Senghors, the Houphouet-Boignys, the Nyereres and others like Sekou
Toure have called "communocracy;" and so we had ethnic, cultural and religious
communities coexisting and managing their own affairs with complete autonomy,
and electing their own leaders. So we found hierarchies and their oligarchies
both at the local and the national level defending the common interest.
Pluralism, at least in concept, if not in its dated institutions, is a perfect
model today for a global culture that has to be diversified and pluralistic.
It is a model for a modern state that must--if it is not totalitarian-- take
ideological, religious and even sociotechnological differences into account.

[Question] Let us go return to the subject of the religious brotherhoods.

[Answer] In principle, Islam is not a religion organized around priests, and
particularly not around hereditary priests. Now what we find is that many of
the great religious leaders, the holy men, have certainly exercised great
influence over communities while they were alive--a more or less liberating
influence--but their sons succeeded them in order to maintain political
control over the masses, From that point, Islam began to assume a dynastic
form, and this began to serve as a means of structuring rural and urban
society. The politicians have often exploited this. Senghor was not the first
to take advantage of these dynastic structures, and he was well acquainted
with the major families involved in them. He remained on very good terms with
the religious dynasties, and this helped him consolidate his power. In the
end, the so-called progressive political parties, instead of liberating the
masses, fell into step with the holy men in order to be able to influence some
of the masses through the brotherhoods. I see this as leading nowhere. The
religious orders, as a class, are not so easily manipulated, particularly by a
Europeanized elite whose comportment differs rather markedly from the
traditional norms.

[Question] But the legitimacy of the powers exercised by the religious orders
has a historical foundation,

[answer] Very much so. At the beginning, I believe in fact that the collapse
of traditional authority in the face of colonial authority led to an
alternative, And Islam produced that alternative, just as Christianity
produced it elsewhere with dissident or syncretic sects like Kimbangism. Here
it led to black Islam, But what is Mouridism? It is a new way of interpreting
Islam: of establishing one's own Mecca at Touba in order to stabilize the
Senegalese and produce a rhetoric in which Senegalese culture itself is taken
into consideration as the culture of reference, When people say, "We are
Bambists, not Mourides," they are making a significant distinction.

In reality, Sheikh Bamba wanted to establish an inner religion. By contrast,
Mouridism seems to be evolving toward dynasty. The Layennes on Cape Verde
tried to do the same thing in bearing witness to an autochthonous Islam and a
natural society as compared to European society and culture. And from that
point of view, today there is a Senegalese culture which, while strongly
influenced by the Islamic faith and sometimes even by Islamic institutions,
still remains black and African in its fundamental values.

94



ACADEMIC CLAIMS 'SA'S INJUSTICES TURNING YOUTH TOWARD MARXISM'

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 7 Aug 84 p 2M

[Article by Eugene Saldanha]

[Text]

Young people were increasingly turning to-
wards Marxism because they were-convinced it
was a cause worth fighting for. They had be-
come disillusioned because of the many injus-
tices in South African society, an international
authority on Marxism told Witwatersrand Uni-

“versity students yesterday.

Speaking at “Destiny
:784",-a programme organ-
‘ised by Christian students
:at Wits, the dean of stu-.
dents at St Paul’s Theo-
dogical College in Gra-
hamstown, Dr P le
.Feuvre, said people who
accepted Marxism were
not “threatening, violent
“creatures”, but . were
often good human beings
‘trying to grapple honest-
; ly with the ills of society.

“My approach to;
, Marxism is one of criti-
“eal co-operation. But my
primary allegiance lies in
- God,” he said.

“Marx and his fotlow-|
ers sought to actively!

change the world — but)
‘Marx was not the first)
i person who tried to.
\ Throughout the Bible, we

136

‘ are told of Christians who

‘were committed to estab-
lishing just societies.

“Marxist atheism

“means there is no pur-

se for humanity except
within the context of the

political party. ©

“The Christian cannot
subject himself ‘to the
laws of dialectical mate-
rialism or scientific so-
cialism. For ‘the Chris-
tian, ‘all authority is
‘derived from God.

“as-a Christian, I dis-
agree with Marxist meth-
od. I cannot accept the
use of amoral or violent
methods to advance a
revolution. I believe God
has his own ‘plan. for
changing societv.” , ’

SOUTH AFRICA


SENEGAL

ISLAMIC REVIVAL STIRS CONTROVERSY

Fundamentalist Revival
Dakar AFRICA in French May 84 pp 43,46-47
[Article by Noel X. Ebony "Senegal: Allah U Akbar!"]

[Text] Senegal, noted for a peaceful ethnic coexistence and
pluralistic democracy that is rare on a continent where tribal
conflicts and political intolerance are prominent features, is
experiencing a religious revival which Noel X. Ebony sees not
so much as a cultural "awakening" as a "fundamentalist
reaction."

Mgr Bernardin Gantin arrived in Dakar on Thursday 26 April. The following day
he was received by the head of state, Mr Abdou Diouf. Then he was received by
the National Association of Imams of Senegal, Mr Abdel Wahab Abdel Wassia, the
Saudi Arabian minister of pilgrimage affairs, ended his official visit to
Senegal the very same day.

One may very well call it pure coincidence, and that is probably correct, But
it might be a mistake to ignore such calendrical coincidences at a time when
Senegal is having a national debate on the religious question and when the
revival of Islam in this 90-percent Muslin country (some say 93 percent, others
84) is giving rise to fears of a "surge of fundamentalism." It was under that
very headline a week earlier that the Catholic weekly AFRIQUE NOUVELLE had
summed up the anxieties of many in blunt language: "Fundamentalism is a word
that inspires fear," it said,

Why does this word spread so much fear? When asked that question, Mr Babacar
Niang, a PLP (Party for the Liberation of the People) deputy, answered: "I
looked through the dictionary, I saw words from the same root, but I could not
find fundamentalism."* Had he searched further, he would have found Iran. That
was the indirect rebuttal given by Rene Odou, author of the AFRIQUE NOUVELLE
article, in his concluding remarks: "Fundamentalism may be a flash in the pan,

* Fundamentalism: a doctrine that attempts to maintain a system in its
totality; the attitude of Catholics who reject any doctrine of evolution,
Antonym: progressivism.

87.



CHINESE MEDICAL MISSION--Last July 4th, the minister of public health,
commander-pharmacist Abdul Salam Kabore, established the fifth Chinese

medical mission, which landed June 28, in Koudougou. The fourth mission,

which is taking permanent leave of the country, will spend two weeks completing
a transfer of service to this (new) mission. During the two weeks, the new
Chinese medical team will be introduced to work procedures, primarily by the
personnel of Koudougou hospital. Composed of 16 members including six women,
the team is led by Madame Zheung, a gynecologist, whose has several years of
professional experience behind her. In welcoming them to the African land of the
Burkinabe people's health minister emphasized that the People's Republic of
China and our country are linked by significant bonds of friendship; these
bonds have become stronger since. Burkina committed itself to the path of
progress, independence and national dignity. Established since 1976 in
Koudougou, the capital of Burkina (as published), the Chinese medical

mission has made a positive contribution to the advancement of the Burkinabe
people's health. [Text] [Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French No 839,

13 Jul p 9] 9825

CSO: 3419/839



religious minorities from freely exercising their right of self-expression, It
is nO Wonder that Judaism, Christianity and Islam are unable to live together
easily in the contemporary [Middle] Hast, when language, civilization and
religious traditions all derive from the same fertile soil. These conflicts
have created pressures for a secular or neutral state. For my own part, I
believe that Senegal, and Africa in general, should be pluralistic, as we have
always been traditionally, That is why I am frankly against an Islamic state,
a Judaic state or a Christian state. The Senegalese state, the African state,
should be able to organize the national interest, the common interest of all
of its communities. It is up to the latter to organize their own cultural and
religious--even economic--interests, to establish banks, economic and social
enterprises, to set up their news organs, their presses, their radio and
television, with respect to maintaining public order. One would certainly like
to see people rise to that kind of challenge.

[Question] I have also heard it said by Majmout Diop (leader of the African
Independence Party, a Marxist group) that Islam is revolutionary,

[Answer] After all, why not? There are revolutionary readings of Islam as
there are of Christianity and Confucianism. Many people think that Jesus
Christ was actually a revolutionary, very close to the oppressed masses, I
think that such a reading is possible. From the very start Islam set about to
correct the failings of a patriarchal, antifeminist, slave-holding and very
bellicose society, But is Senegalese dynastic Islam truly revolutionary? That
is a problem. Is it still true to the tradition of eastern Islam? That is
another problem, Historically, Islam was once again revolutionary in the 9th
Century, when thinkers in Persia and the Arab world, Maghrebian, Sudanese and
European thinkers from the Mediterranean and Spain were engaged in the
rediscovery of the works of classical antiquity, Arab-Islamic thought at that
time made important contributions to the renaissance of science, technology,
law and society, through people such as El Khawarizmi, El Hindi, Ibn Rush or
Tbn Sina. But very soon, also with El-Ghazali, it turned inward upon itself to
become a dogma, And no dogma, whether Islamic or Christian, secular, liberal
or Marxist, has yet led to a revolution. I think that revolutions are
conquests of freedom and that the old laws do not sufficiently provide for
those freedoms. At best, they prepare for freedom through the principles they
elucidate.

[Question] Islam today is such a strong foundation because it is the largest
common denominator.

[Answer] I would not deny that Senegalese and West African culture are
influenced by Islam, but it has traditionally been the Islamic faith that has
influenced it more than the so-called Islamic institutions, which as a rule
are Arabic institutions. It is obvious that African/black institutions are
much more advanced, much more liberating, in these domains; at least it is
obvious to anyone who takes the trouble to study them.

[Question] But what still remains of these African institutions out of which
one might create a new order?

[Answer] The idea still remains. The idea and the experiences that have come
out of it. That is a lot, That is the idea of pluralism. The so-called
Islamic, Judaic or Christian state is, as I have already said, monocentric. It

93



cso:

In that event he would be
elected by an electorate which
would take all the circum-
stances into account and still
elect him. Any parliamentary
action for his past actions would
then not be valid.

During the interview Dr
Mulder was enthusiastic about
his new role after his nomina-
tion for the President’s Council.

He said he was glad to get
back into active politics — even
though he believed the new con-
stitutional system could not
work.

He believed rightwing politics
was on the march in South Afri-
ca. This had been shown by the
recent Rosettenville and Potgie-
tersrus provincial by-elections
and was borne out by conversa
tions he had with prominent Na-
tionalist politicians who were
disenchanted with the Govern-

, ment, Dr Mulder said.

The former Minister of Infor-
mation has come a long way
since his fall from political
grace.

He has made his way against

the full blast of the National
Party's formidable propaganda

machine run by his former polit-'

_ical colleagues in that party.

He has faced scorn, ridicule
and derision from those who
once hailed him as the crown
prince of Nationalist politics.

This was the price he had to
pay for his failure to seize the
reins of power at the crucial
moment of the premiership
election in September 1978 He
missed becoming prime minis-
ter by only a few votes — six to
be exact.

3400/2107

98

From that fateful moment Dr
Mulder’s political downfall was.
‘sudden and dramatic — he lost
his Cabinet position, his power-
ful Transvaal Nationalist lead-
ership position and his seat in
Parliament.

Finally, he had to relinquish
his membership of the National
Party, the very vehicle which
had brought him so close to the
heights of power.

After that Dr Mulder was re-
jected and alone. He had vir-
tually been driven into the polit-
ical wilderness.

Ironically, the request to Dr
Mulder to resign his seat in Par-
liament came from his former
Cabinet colleague and triumph-
ant opponent in the 1978 pre-
'miership election — Mr PW
“Botha,

In a courteously-worded let-

that your continued presence as
a member of Parliament is not

of the party, or of South Africa.”

It was the Information scan-
dal which threw Dr Mulder’s po-
litical career into turmoil —
and even today he labours under
continuing reprisals and nasty
reminders of the affair.

Not long after his rejection by
the Government and the NP, Dr
Mulder began picking up the
pieces of his shattered political

career.
He launched a rightwing Na-
tional Conservative Party which
later joined forces with Dr An-
dries Treurnicht in the present
Conservative Party.
(Report by FS Esterhuyse, 122 St George's
Street, Cape Town.)

‘ter starting with “Dear friend”, '
‘Prime Minister Botha wrote:
:“But you will have to accept

‘in the best interests of yourself, °


‘The population increase
be it by the ‘ * Not
output e economy.
ony wilt more be Saten,
more clothes worn and
more shelter sought, but

side-by-side with erty
— there will also wen in-
crease in leisure activity by
those who ure in the privi-
leged, higher-income

groups.
Changing patterns of
Pl power will be
seen and more and more
the percentage of total pur-
E power will move
away the whites to
other groups.

‘The question, of course,
arises as to how strong will
our economy be to meet all
the challenges facing it five
years from now.

Will the correct Priori:
ties be set and will -
tives be given which will
cause wealth to be genera-
ted at the maximum rate?

‘The South African eco-
nomy is, and will remain,
an open one. More than half
‘of the GNP is, and will con-
pons and exports,

‘The influence on the Re-
public of the economies aot
our partners
been demodstrated in
recent times.

To judge our future we

cso: 3400/2107

need to consider not only
the economic situation of
our trading partners, but
also the tical. actions
which such countries might
take to influence trade with
te ponbllty in fi
e ve
ye. tres ofa ocrat-
President with antago-
nistic views towards South

“and other impondera-

114

:~Anflation

Le
Population continues to
increase and growth in per

the next five years as to
mean substantially in-
creased resources for the
population as a whole.

the cake does not in-
crease in size, some exist-
ing slices are likely to be

ler,

structure.

T have tried to paint a
picture as I think it will be;
not as I would like it to be,

of

and that massive
eee might cre-

ate.

~ Realism in politics could
make a considerable differ-
ence to stability. I hope,
therefore, that my assess-

ment is too pessimistic.
But, regrettably, I think it
is realistic.


REGIONAL SECRETARIES PLEDGE SUPPORT FOR FARM PROJECT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Aug 84 p 8

[Article by Iddrisu Seini]

[Text]

csQ:

3400/2038

REGIONAL Secreta-
ries have decided to

Agricultural Project at
Tamale to enable its
implements ft
undertake mass pro-
duction of agricultural
implements to meet,
the needs of small-
aeale farmers

: also commended
the amples of the Ministry
7 riculture in esta-
Sishine ‘a National Agri-
cultural Committee’ to
ensure a fair and equit-
‘able distiibution of agri-
cultural inputs in the re-
ions.

Similarly, they en-
dorsed the ministry's po-
licy to have exclusive
control over all types of
‘agricultural inputs.

‘These were contained
in a communique issued
by the Regional Secreta-
ries at the end of their
14th conference which
ended at Bolgatanga.

61

‘called on the M

The Regional Secreta-
ries emphasised the need
for a stable land tenure
system which is essential
for the development of
the country.

On the distribution of
building materials, the
Regional Secretaries
ry of
Works and Housing to
take steps to rationalise
the allocation of building
materials in line with the
decentralisation policy.

They viewed the pe-
rennial eruption of sec-
tional crisis as negative in
view of the problem fac-
ing the nation and called
on all Ghanaians and re-
volutionary forces to
help neutralise these ne-
gative tendencies.

The conference was
also attended by the Se-
eretaries for Local Go-
vernment, Rural Neve-
lopment and Co-
operatives and represen
tatives of the National
Defence Committee’
(NDC).

GHANA



for PNDC's efforts in the fields of education and agriculture. In an
address read by Miss Claire Hamilton, assistant resident representative of
the UNDP, who deputized for him as guest speaker at the Speech and Prize-
Giving Day of the Philip Quaicoe Girls School here at the week-end, Mobanda
said the UNDP decision was to encourage the youth to regard farming as a
viable profession. Mr Mobanda pointed out that "the world is changing and
we have to adapt ourselves to new situations, we have to produce enough
food for ourselves because there will be no manna from Heaven as it used

to be in the biblical time." [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English

23 Jul 84 p 8]

AFIFE FARMERS ARRESTED--Indigenous Afife farmers working at the irrigation
site in the Volta Region are reported to have fled the area following the
arrest of 27 of their colleagues by the police. Togbe Ashiakpor IV,
paramount chief of Wheta, who disclosed this at a press conference in Accra
yesterday, said the 27 farmers, arrested last June 15, were being kept at
the Abor, Afife and Akatsi police stations without any charges preferred
against them. He, therefore, appealed to the Inspector-General of Police

to intervene for the release of the farmers because their continued deten-
tion was greatly affecting farming in the area. Giving the background of

the incident, Togba Ashiakpor said the farmers were working on plots of land
allocated to them by the Interim Land Allocation Committee in charge of the
Afife Irrigation Project. He said before the arrest, there had been com-
plaints from some of the farmers that some strangers and absentee farmers

as well as some officials in charge of irrigating the land had invaded the
area and were trying to seize their farms. The chief said he reported the
case to the Volta Regional Secretary but while waiting for a reply from

him, the farmers reported more incidents to him again on June 15. He advised
them to go back and work on their farms without entertaining any fears.

That very day, he said, the Afife and Abor Police, allegedly on the orders

of the Ketu District Secretary and the District Co-ordinator of PDCs,
arrested them while working on their farms causing other citizens of the

area to flee. Togbe Ashiakpor called on the Government to publish the report
on the committee appointed in 1982 to investigate the Afife Irrigation Pro-
ject to clear the doubts and misgivings surrounding the project. He appealed
also to all citizens in the area who fled during the arrest of the 27 farmers
to return immediately without fear of molestation because the matter had been
referred to the Government for action. [Excerpts] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES

in English 20 Jul 84 p 8]

FISHERMEN RESENT MINISTRY'S MEDDLING--The Ghana National Canoe Fishermen
Council yesterday asked the Ministry of Rural Development and Co-operatives
not to meddle in the affairs of the fishing industry since "it does not

fall under that Ministry." To this end, the council, advised Mr K. Acquaah-
Harrison, Secretary for the Ministry, not to attempt to use his position to
infiltrate the ranks of canoe fishermen and divide them. In a statement in
apparent reaction to the alleged merger of eight splinter fisherman groups
the council reiterated that "it was the only recognized body formed by: the
fishermen themselves and recognized by the Government to produce fish to
feed the nation. "We cannot sit down and allow any big man to assist his

67



Committees are not parties. Everybody who is committed to making Ghana a
better country can be a member of the Defence Committees. And the Defence
Committees, both in communities and in workplaces, are supposed to get
involved in the decision-making process. They are supposed to identify the
areas of concern, get involved in finding solutions to them, find out how
decision makers are also reacting to the work that they are supposed to do.
So this is the informal structure.

But what we intend to do in the final analysis is to have a national assembly
through the electoral process. And the PNDC is going to get expanded, and
the expanded PNDC is going to work out the mechanics for achieving this.

So we hope that in time we would be able to identify and give it a name.

But right now we are in the process of finding out exactly what political
system we should adopt.

CA: So from what you have said I gather the impression that the People's
Defence Committees and Workers Defence Committees have sort of come as a
relevant element of the process of politicising the Ghanaian society.

JA: Indeed. As the Chairman keeps saying, this time round we want to
democratise from the bottom-up rather than from the usual up-down. So at
the grassroot level the Defence Committees are involved in all the processes
of decision-making. So, this is how indeed it is. You have accurately
described it.

CA: Well, I quite remember that during a recent visit to Ghana by an officer
of the World Bank he commended the National Mobilisation Committee for sort
of trying to instil the spirit of communal development in Ghanaians. To what
extent would you say that the Mobilisation Committee has actually proved
useful to the present situation in Ghana?

IMF

JA: I think they are very useful. You see, the mobilisation programme is
part of the economic recovery programme.

You know, when you usually go to the IMF, it is just a monetarist approach
to solving your balance of payment problems. But we believe that whatever
approaches you have must bear in mind the people for which these approaches
are meant. So if you don't have a factor that deals directly with the people
you'll have a problem on your hand as many countries have had who have been
to the IMF. So the mobilisation programme is supposed to motivate and
mobilise people to get directly involved in the processes that will ensure
economic development. And the Committee is more or less the co-ordinating
centre.

This time it is not the central government which is going to say, village A
or region B do this or do that. But each region or each village or each
district will more or less identify what they need and the Committee co-
ordinates and makes sure that they get the inputs, they have inputs, that
is both material and human, and then it becomes a project that emanates



[Question] Why is it that this criticism of the influence of the religious
brotherhoods is always made from outside, and never by the faithful
themselves, who seem to have adjusted to it?

[answer] They have adjusted to it, of course, but their orientation toward the
dynasties means that they imagine, contrary to what Islam says, that the holy
men can save them, and that the simple fact of touching a saint guarantees you
will go straight to paradise. This is nothing but mystagoguery. But I am very
optimistic: when Islam finally speaks to the masses in their own language,
they will be able to change, and in the best possible way, for Islam will be
embraced by rational human beings, conscious of the meaning of their beliefs,
and in the end they will see things much more plainly and fairly.

[Question] Then how does it come about that Islam has become increasingly
militant over the last few years?

[Answer] All ideological certainties have collapsed, and people need to go
back to their roots--this may mean embracing fundamentalism, either in Islam
or Christianity, or it may mean drinking deeply of their own cultural
traditions (neo-pharaonic or otherwise)--in order to find out how to rebuild
their world out of cultural building blocks which they understand better,
Because in reality what has aggravated the world crisis is partly the fact
that the dominant ideology is of European origin, that it comes from a
particular civilization which has been advancing behind the banners of
capitalism or collectivism and which has frequently been superimposed over the
cultural make-up of men who themselves wanted to build revolutions on the
European model,

When one looks at the so-called socialist countries in Africa, what does one
see? The same state collectivism that one finds in the countries of the East.
When one looks at those that are trying to build capitalism, they are
building--at best--a 19th Century capitalism, macro-technological, one that is
superimposed on their own society, which uses neither science nor technology
to bring it into conformity with the needs of a stable society that is
faithful to itself, I am not talking about being faithful to one's past, but
rather of fidelity to the realities of a society open to change. The crisis is
a global one, It echoes around the world. In Senegal it is having serious
repercussions. And because this is a country where the overwhelming majority
are Muslim, Islam itself is part of the problem. Thus, there are
intellectuals, alienated and frustrated, who find their reason for existence
in Islam, in the Islamic renewal. All that might be very well, so long as they
conceive that renewal in rational and liberating terms.

9516
CSO: 3419/857

95



some of the developed countries have such fascinating and such well-advanced
intelligence system that if Cuban troops were coming to Ghana, I can assure
you that they will know even before the dissidents did and they would have
raised sufficient rumpus over it. But since these countries insist that
they don't know anything about it, the dissidents have a problem on their
hands because they have to convince everybody else,

CA: We may say that every country has the sovereign right to deal with
another country in whatever field it likes. And the sympathisers of Chana's
are saying that well they see a probable invitation of Cubans into Ghana

in the light of the stationing of French troops in the Ivory Coast...

JA: As I said, we don't have the kind of problems or the kind of relation-
ships. You see, if you talk about the stationing of French troops in Ivory
Coast...you see, the kind of relationships that the French have with their
former colonial powers is quite different from the kind of relationships
we have with others.

We believe that we can always solve our internal affairs and we don't need
outsiders to come and help us solve our internal affairs. And this is
quite clear throughout Ghana's independence. Even at the time when bombs
were being thrown against Osagyefo Dr Kwame Nkrumah we didn't need any
external forces to come and help us. And it is even better now because our
soldiers are better trained, there are many more of them. Our people are
also consciously aware of how to defend our sovereignty.

Trick

So once again I would say that the trick is a little misplaced. I think
people should think of more subtle things. This one is a little grotesque
and it wouldn't help anybody.

CA: Well, Miss Aryee, I wouldn't like to take too much of your time but
to conclude our interview I want to ask you what you hope to benefit from
this visit to West Germany?

JA: TI think interaction always produces positive results. You see a gap
in communication always creates a problem and when people meet and they
exchange ideas, even if they do not agree, there is a level of understanding
that is established. And this level of understanding ensures at least an
open-mindedness which is always important in relations.

So for the German government, for the German officials as well as for the
Ghanaian ‘community, I think interaction, this one-in-one interaction has
created a certain level of understanding and at least now people will take
wild rumours with a pinch of salt. And then the dissidents who always hope
that as a result of the communication gap they can rouse people's emotions
will find that at least the interaction has created a better understanding
and a more open mind and People are going to ask many more questions when
they come with their wild stories,

17



GHANA

EVOLUTION OF PNDC, NCD DESCRIBED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 27 Jun 84 pp 1, 4, 5
[Article by Breda Atta-Quayson and Joe Bradford Nyinah]

[Text] The PNDC is not the final shape of Government the December 31 process
seeks to achieve for the people of this country.

The Council has, therefore, set itself to identify the problems of a true
democracy and shape new democratic institutions to achieve the desired
democracy for the people.

But how soon this ideal of achieving a true and functional democracy for the
people becomes a living reality will depend on the co-operation of Ghanaians
themselves.

Mr Justice D.F. Annan, a member of the PNDC and Chairman of the National
Commission for Democracy (NCD) made this statement during a familiarisation
meeting with the workers and management of the NCD in Accra yesterday.

The PNDC member said such co-operation from the people in search of a true
and functional democracy would help bring into being the needed institutional
changes required to bring about the type of government needed for this coun-
try.

Flanked by the Information Secretary, Miss Joyce Aryee and the two Deputy
Secretaries of the NCD, Mr S. A. Tettey in-charge of operations and Mr E.0.
Donkor, in-charge of administration, Justice Annan told the workers that

the expansion of the PNDC coupled with his appointment as the Chairman of
the NCD is the first step towards achieving the council's declared commitment
to evolve new democratic institutions and government for the country.

He called to mind the commitment made by the Chairman of the PNDC, Flt-Lt
J.J. Rawlings, at the inception of the December 31 Revolution to create a
functional democracy and added that "this still remains the principle of
the PNDC."

Miss Aryee in an address said the history of politics in Africa and Ghana in
particular shows that "we cannot achieve any meaningful political salvation
4£ we divide the society into two and determine which of them can rule and

which cannot."

46



There was the case of the "Party of God" ("Hizboulahi") led by the holy man
E.H. Khalifa Niasse, also known as the “Ayatollah of Kaolack." Some
organizations, such as the Jamaatou Ibadour Rahmane [JIR], are attempting to
pose the question at a political level: the JIR openly admits that it foresees
future political representation taking into account the fact that Muslims are
an absolute majority of the Senegalese population.

This was also the thinking of Mr Mamadou Dia and his supporters, whose
undertakings have been described as “ayatollaesque" by the government,

In the opinion of Mr Babacar Niang, secretary general and parliamentary deputy
of the PLP, a party born from a schism within the RND (Democratic National
Rally) of Mr Sheikh Anta Diop, "the enthusiasm of the Islamic movement is for
the PLP a phenomenon it will behoove us to consider calmly, It is better not to
throw stones at those who want to Islamize a regime, as long as it is
understood and accepted that there are others who insist on secularity."

On that sensitive question, it is President Abdou Diouf who speaks most
unequivocally. He maintains: "I will fight against any sectarianism that is
harmful to economic and social progress, to understanding, brotherhood and
peace among the Senegalese people.”

It was doubtless in the hope of hearing such words that John Paul II sent Mgr
Bernardin Gantin here for his first episcopal visit, almost as soon as he had
been named a bishop. For the Holy Father knows that today, in Africa as
elsewhere, adventurism sometimes offers more hope than wringing one's hands in
despair.

But people, alas, have a tendency to want it all. In Iran as well as elsewhere,
As much today as in the past.

Opposition To Islamic State
Dakar AFRICA in French May 84 pp 44-45

[Interview with Pathe F, Diagne, noted Senegalese industrial economist,
sociologist and linguist, by Noel X. Ebony; at Yoff, date unspecified]

[Text] Pathe F. Diagne, a smiling 50-year-old with a
salt-and-pepper beard and a mind constantly in motion, handles
the most sophisticated concepts with the aplomb of a researcher
who has never been able to "disconnect" himself from the
action, An industrial economist, sociologist, expert on
cultural issues, the leader of an engineering study group, he
established Dakar's first university publishing house, Editions
PFD Sankore. A linguist, he is an outspoken advocate of Wolof
as an official language and published a grammar of the language
in 1968.

He is the author of numerous studies and scientific essays,
including "Political Power in Traditional Africa" (Presence
Africaine, Paris, 1967), "Economic Integration or Micro-states
in West Africa" (Anthropos, Paris, 1973), "Introduction to

91



The Secretary urged the private publishers to constitute themselves into
one body, and ensure that the incompetent ones among them were weeded out.

This, she said, would streamline the industry, assess standard and also
enable the Government to plan ahead in terms of supply of inputs, adding
“when we have so little inputs, we must think of quality."

CSO: 3400/2108

29



ANGRY INDIANS JEER KROG OVER SCHOOL CLOSURE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Aug 84 p 2M

[Text]

The Director of Indian
Education, Mr Gabriel
Krog, was jeered at by an
angry crowd of 400 par-
ents last night.

He had just announced
that he had to leave a
meeting calléd to discuss
the fate of 1000 pupils at
the Johannesburg Sec-
ondary School, which is
threatened with closure.

He gave an assurance
-he would meet parents on
vAugust 24 to discuss the
issue. But the meeting
‘adopted a resolution con-
demning him for his “dis-
gusting and high-handed
‘attitude towards the
Johannesburg Indian
:eommunity”.

The proposed closure
‘of the school has raised
an outcry from Indian
parents in the city, who
are concerned over the
Department of Indian Af-
fairs’ decision to bus the
pupils to a new high
school in Marlboro, Sand-
ton, from next year.

CSO: 3400/2107

The ‘department plans
to establish four primary
schools over the next five
years in the Fordsburg-
Mayfair area, but has
said there is not suffi-
cient, space for a high
‘school. ee

The meeting was brief-
ly interrupted when
pupils carrying placards
marched through the hall
to resounding applause

from parents.

Earlier, Mr Krog, who
attended the meeting: to
explain the department’s
reasons for the decision,
‘said the school — which
has been there for more
than 40 years — was in-
adequate and had to be
‘abolished.

“T personally am not in
favour of pupils being
bused all the way to Len-

iasia, especially the in-

fants.

SHOUTED DOWN
“The only possibility
for a high school is to bus
pupils to Marlboro,” said

129

SOUTH AFRICA

Mr Krog. .

A candidate for: the

House of Delegates, Mr
Nanubhai Desai, tried to
address the meeting, but
was shouted down. He
was later allowed to
; Speak.
;. Another candidate in
‘the’ elections, Mr IF H
;Mayet, declined to ad-
dress the meeting.

Mr Cassim Salojee, a
. member of the steering
;committee, which has
been campaigning to re-

itain the school, said the
department wanted to
‘move high school pupils
,to Marlboro because a
“R2 million ‘school there
Was a “white elephant”.
“There is ample land
available.in the-Crown
Mines region for .a high
school to be? built” The
Government had“the
‘power and resources to
‘move thousands of people
‘to Lenasia. Surely it can
‘now find the resources to
‘build a school in this re-
gion,” he said. .



from the region or the district or the village. And the Committee merely
helps them to ensure that they get the right things and that the work gets
done properly. So in that respect I think they're doing very well.

CA: And obviously they are also trying to put idle inputs or resources into
use in certain areas.

JA: Yes, you know, we have a problem of redundancy, direct redundancy as well
as people who are not doing enough for what they are getting. So we are re-
directing and re-deploying excess or redundant labour into more profitable
areas,

But one of the things is that people who are found to be redundant or under-
employed may opt for certain programmes. We are putting in place some farming
programmes where people can opt to go into farming, get paid perhaps a year's
or six months' salary, so that they can go and commence. Land would be made
available, a few inputs would be made available. So this is how the redeploy-
ment is going on.

You see, we want to draw a distinction between laying off people and re-direc-
ting and re-deploying labour.

Reconciliation

CA: Well, Miss Aryee, we hear of reports of the PNDC policy of reconciling
the Ghanaian society. Does this policy mean reconciling the different
political views or different political personalities into the national use?

JA: Indeed, it is. But you see in all political systems there are some
people who've made up their minds that it is they who have to rule and in
spite of whatever you do they are not interested.

But I would say that the reconciliation is meant for everyone. Ghana is a
country for all of us and we need the human resources of all of us to build
the nation,

What we are saying now is that don't just get obsessed with systems that
have been practised in other countries and have worked. The social condi-
tions, the cultural conditions, the traditional situations may have been
different. The historical circumstances are also different. The historical
circumstances are also different. And that without also the coming together
of the people in these nations the development which we are envious of would
not have taken place.

So we are reconciling all factors, all shades of opinion, all people, civil,
military, christian, moslem, animist, everyone, is supposed to get reconciled,

CA: So that you would say there is no justification for the sort of campaign

that is now being waged outside the country against the regime in Ghana by
the so-called dissidents if I may put it that way?

13



GHANA

EEC FUNDING FOR FARMERS REPORTED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 23 Jul 84 p 1
[Article by Albert San]

[Text] The Bank of Ghana has concluded negotiations with the European
Economic Community (EEC) for the supply of over ¢200 million worth of corn-
mills and agricultural machinery for allocation to farmers through their
rural banks.

In all 60 rural banks out of 83 existing banks which were opened before
June 30, 1983, will benefit.

The agricultural machinery include marine engines and materials like fishing
nets, cutlasses, wire nets are also to be supplied under the aid agreement.

Mr E.Y. Tamakloe, chief manager and head of the Rural Banking Unit of the
Bank of Ghana, disclosed this at the first annual general meeting of the
Kwamanman Rural Bank at Kwamang-Ashanti at the week-end,

Mr Tamakloe made it clear that in making the allocation, preference would be
given to banks with good performance and therefore appealed to all prospective
beneficiaries to ensure their judicious use, .

He stated that apart from encouraging farmers and fishermen to achieve
increased productivity, the EEC aid was to ensure accelerated rural indus-
trialisation.

Mr Tamakloe appealed to the managements of rural ranks to intensify the
mobilisation of savings in the farming communities to enable them to have
good patronage.

Mr Kwame Owusu, chairman of the board of directors, disclosed that out of a
total of ¢6,184,885 given out as loans, £5,974,885 went to peasant farmers.
He, however, regretted that there was an outstanding balance of ¢3,982,660
which the beneficiaries were refusing to pay back, resulting in a meagre
profit of ¢35,175 declared by the bank as at December 31, 1983.

Mr Owusu announced that the bank had floated more shares and therefore
appealed to both old and new shareholders to buy more shares to build up
more capital for the effictent and effective operation of the bank.

CSO: 3400/2038
57



cso:

“How on earth can these people
make decisions without consulting
with us and still have the audacity
to refuse to listen to our griev-
ances?”, he asked.

The councillor’s failure to at-
tend the rally angered the resi-
dents some of whom marched to
their councillors to seek an expla-
nation from them for failing to at-
tend the meeting.

The residents claim that their
peaceful march was foiled by the
Leng who ordered them to dis-

we clash between the police and
the demonstrators ensued and the
township was soon turned into a
battlefield as the police charged

the protesters with sjamboks and

hurled tearsmoke cannisters,

~ A block of shops belonging to one~

of the councillors, Mr Daniel Hla-
lele, was gutted during the unrest.
At least 50 people were arrested
during the first six days of the rag-
ing unrest. The charges range
from theft to looting and publie
violence, while others have been
questioned by the Security Police.

3400/2107

126

Among them was Tumahole-
Civic Association chairman, Mr
Joshua Mabena, who said the —po-
lice questioned him about his civic
involvement in the township.

“We do not want disturbamees in
our township. All we want are the
councillors te have a frank #iscus-
sion with the people Tee all they
say they represent. is all,
said Mr Mabena.

Clearly emerging | from the un-
rest — what the Timahole resi-
dents call “the struggle of the
poor,” — was neither political mo-
tivation, nor an attempt to under-
mine authority. Their griewances,
it appears, stem from real bread
and butter igsues.  -

The current economic decline
resulting in unemployment in their
area, low wages, and an apparent
lack of communication between
the residents and the councillors,
all seem to have contributed to the
unrest.

The situation it seems, could at
least be temporarily defused if the
councillors. came out to meet the
residents and to reason with them
and possibly s strike 1 ‘a compromise.



“He was made to apolo-
gise for it, but I never for-
gave him because of the
manner in which he apolo-

gised.

_ “I might have overlooked
his loss of control at that
particularly horrific mo-
ment, but the next day —
when he was called on to
apologise — he did so in the
most ungracious possible

| manner.

“I swore to myself that I
would have nothing more to
do with him and I never
have.” ~ ~.
HELEN SUZMAN is

not retiring from poli-

tics just yet. She,
wants to see the new.

Constitution in opera-'

tion. :

Not that she believes it will
succeed or holds much
hope for the future, but it
represents unfinished
business. It is the latest in
a series of issues that
have kept her active in
public life for $2 years.

Next month, when the
Prime Minister, Mr P W
Botha, becomes South Af-
rica’s first executive
State President — as he
undoubtedly will — Mrs
Suzman will be the most
senior Member of Parlia-
ment.

She was elected to repre-
sent Houghton for the
United Pi in April,
1953. She split from_the

- UP in 1959 when the Pro-
gressive Party was
formed. For 13 years,
from 1961 to 1974, she was
the only PP representa-
tive in Parliament.

It was as a lone liberal
voice — and at times the
only dissenting voice —
that she faced the consoli-
dation of National Party
Raves the fine honing of

erwoerdian apartheid,
draconian security legis-
lation and the unprece-

dented oppression of mil-

© lions of black South

Africans.

It wasa challenge that few
people would have taken
up, let alone survived.
But Mrs Suzman did ...
and flourished.

In spite of the tragedies that
in so many ways seemed
to overwhelm South
Africa during much of her

time in Parliament, sur-
prisingly little bitterness

evident when she looks
back. .

She clearly believes that as

an Opposition MP she has
been able to play a mean-
ingful role @ system
that seemed, over the
years, to move further
and further away from
any hope of basic democ-
racy.

Although opposition MPs
came nowhere near
either to bringing down
the Government or erod-
ing the cornerstones of
apartheid, Mrs Suzman
believes she and some of
her colleagues were in-
strumental in relieving at
least some of the suffer-
ing caused by discrimina-
tion and of highlighting
the more horrifying as-
pects of National Party

policy.

Under the circumstances,
these were probably,
among the most valuable
actions of the opposition.

As-a senior MP, Suz-
man has access to Cabi-

_ Ret Ministers and heads

“of Government depart-

ments.

“In a way that’s probably

__ the most valuable role of
‘an opposition MP because

ou are interceding on be-"
lf of other people all
the time.

“The arrival of pest always
carries with it a request
from somebody. It’s
either someone who has
been banned, or someone
whose relative has been
detained, or someone who
can’t get a passport, or of
course . innumerable
blacks with ‘pass prob-
lems,” she said.

Her powerlessness ‘to
change what she believes
has been so wrong with
Nationalist policies is
clearly depressing.

“It’s when you see the most
obvious defects of Gov-

. ernment before your eyes’

and you don’t see any-

thing being done about jt;
‘that ‘you get most ‘de-
pressed,” she said.

And there is little doubt that
Mrs Suzman has _wit-
nessed in Parliament the
birth of many of the de-
fects of Nationalist rule.

110

.

Early in the Sixties, Father
“Cosmas Desmond intro-
duced her to the horrors
of population “removals”.
“He took me to Limehill in
Natal and I was absolute-
ly appalled at what Isaw

° the’ graves of smal)
children.

“Removals were at their
crudest then, with le
literally just being
dumped ‘in these areas
without even being given
tents. There was no water
supply, no shop, no trans-
port, nothing. It was a

” pretty horrifying site.”

Depression also swept over
her when, in her opinion,
there was inadequate
Parliamentary opposi-
tion to Nationalist actions

from Peorle she believed
should have known
better.

“When the 30-day (detention
without trial) Bill was in-
troduced and the official
opposition. then the UP,

in’t. fight it, my heart
went into my boots, be-
cause I knew that from
then on we were en ‘the
slippery slide right away
from the rule of! law and
protection of the individ-
ual against the might of
the State, which is what it
amounted to,” she said.

Among her deepest regrets
are what she believes are
the lost opportunities.

“Thinking back, it’s what
this country could have
been had Smuts not lost
the 1948 election.

“I know he was by no means
aliberal... but Ido know
that his acceptance of the
Fagan Commission rec-
ommendations meant a
basic change in policy as
far as blacks were con-

cerned.

“Jt meant the recognition
that blacks were in the
urban areas to stay, and
that a whole new set of
laws was needed to re-

lace the old ones. That in
itself would have made
an enormous difference.

“Tm sure Smuts would not
simply have shared
power that readily, but
certainly I think the
coloureds would not have
come off the common
voters’ roll, the ."home-
lands’ policy would never



SOUTH AFRICA

SCHWARZ GIVES 5-YEAR FORECAST
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 5 Aug 84 p 22
{Article by Harry Schwarz]

[Text]

IN Africa, life can
move alon; slowly for
long periods and sud-
denly it can change in
dramatic fashion. To
endeavour to ft

the future is a hazard-
‘ous exercise; to do so in
Africa at this time al-
most impossible.

However, having been in-
vited to do so, I venture into
these difficult waters.

The new constitution will
come into operation in Sep-
tember 1984, and during the
first year we will probably
see a settling-in process
while the new coloured and
we

ie an I~
san political observers be-
lieve that the new MPs will
become relatively silent

be made not only for their
coloured and Indian
constituents, but the lead-
“ership will seek to achieve

for the black com-

m ls

The combination of
teething troubles of a new
constitution, a fairly stri-
dent attitude by at least
some of the new MPs, will,
to say the least, make the
position volatile.

The black community
‘will itself not remain inac-
tive. ‘There is always the

ibility of difficulties in

e schools, as well as out- |
breaks of violence in squat- ;
ter camps and other poten- :

dents which could
spark off. violence, and
which, if not carefully han- ;
dled, could deteriorate into ©
a more setious situation.

Action

It cannot be assumed
that the UDF will content |

seek to continue sporadic
acts of violence against
prestige targets, but might

unch some major COn-;
frontation to compensate |
for its setbacks, and 80°
build up its international
status.

tt The Government's sen
'y apparatus is pow
and its policies towards ad-
joining states are such that
major conflicts on the

’s borders during the
next five years are rela-
tively remote.

112

Even a change in the US
administration in Novem-
ber, which at this time
seems unlikely, will not in
the next few years
about a substantial change

in the relationship between :

SA and its neighbours.

‘SWA/Namibla might re-

‘solve itself during the next
five years, but even on the
assumption that a Swapo-
controlled government
were to take over in that

tertitory (which is not 8
ty), it will be 80

* cont
! ing itself and dealing with:

‘the territory’s internal

lems, that it will have ;

ttle occasion to

{ tler,

| change the situation of Bo- :

| tswana, which would be far
Hess able, with its

E

‘ population, large area,’
ited resources’ and ex-

tensive boundaries, to re-

sist pressure

bases against the Republic.

to erate along and poten
create a -

tially threatening boundary

from the Atlantic to the

Indian Ocean, and a

i


UGANDA

Army's Atrocities Intensify Economic, Social Breakdown
(Stefan Klein; SUEDDEUTSCHE ZEITUNG, 2 Jul 84)-

ZIMBABWE

South African Correspondent Analyzes Issues Discussed at Congress
(Robin Drew; THE STAR, 8 Aug 84).....ccecccecceececccccceees

Briefs
Technical Aid Pact With Denmark
East Bloc Military Cooperation

141

145

147
147


Latif Gueye, the young and spirited editor-in-chief of the Islamic weekly WAL
FADJRI ("I swear by the dawn") and director of the monthly DJAMRA, says: “We
want to become a powerful force in African journalism." Cutting a very elegant
figure in his factory-faded blue jeans and his New Wave-style Ray Ban
sunglasses, Mr Gueye believes that "the struggle against cultural imperialism
is forging among the Senegalese people an unshakeable determination in the
struggle for political, economic and social emancipation." But such a
revolution, he adds, is so intense, so profound, so national, so democratic,
and so popular that it frightens not only those presently in power but even a
number of intellectuals in the opposition, all of whom have been brainwashed by
the West.

This is not the first time that Senegal has taken refuge in religion: near the
end of the 19th Century, when France was forcing its way into Jolof, Islam was
gaining masses of converts among the distressed populace, The Wolofs chose what
in their view was the lesser of two evils: Islam, unlike Christianity, did not
threaten to overturn their traditional cusoms » their family structure.
Tolerance of polygamy, for example, was a basic factor in the propagation of
Islam in black Africa, as Vincent Monteil has observed.

Moreover, Islam offers a simple, clear and solid faith: all it requires is to
believe in the one God and the mission of the Prophet, a profession of faith
contained in the ritual formula, "Allah U Akbar..." Here, the relationship
between the believer and his God is direct: it is not controlled by any
intercessor, Similarly, while Islam shows strong spiritual cohesion despite the
diversity of brotherhoods (which are not "sects," as one might think),
Christianity is confusingly pluralistic and divided, with mysterious doctrinal
controversies between Protestants and Catholics. Another fact favoring Islam's
success is that from the beginning it has been propagated by Africans, which
has made it much easier to assimilate.

Thus, because in the past it was able to adapt to the African cultural climate,
and because now it is perceived as containing the quintessence of. traditional
values (the spring where the manatees go to drink, to paraphrase L.S, Senghor),
Islam in recent years has been revived and rejuvenated,

Today in the high schools and on the university campus, “adrias" or calls to
prayer have replaced political meetings, and verses of the Koran have taken the
place of slogans.

Transcendence

"The young people and the intellectuals now are very attracted to Islam," says
Mr Mamadou Ndiaye, author of a doctoral dissertation on Koranic education and
deputy director of the Islamic Institute located within the precincts of the
Great Mosque of Dakar. The Arabic language, traditionally taught as a classic
language like Latin, is now growing in favor. Each year thousands of children
are turned away from Senegal's 5,000 Koranic schools, some of which existed
even before the French colonization.

Other signs of the Islamic renewal include the mosques: with the help of Arab

states, "they are springing up like mushrooms »" writes AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, the
Catholic weekly, with a trace of envy.

89



SUCCESS OF NEGOTIATIONS WITH VALCO NOTED
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 20 Jul 84 p 2
[Editorial: "A Fairer Deal"]

[Text]
ONE of the most welcome pieces of eco-

nomic news since the completion of
the Akosombo Dam, no doubt, was the
recent announcement that after 18
months of patient negotiations involv-
ing six rounds. of hard bargaining, an
agreement covering all aspects of
- VALCO’s operation had been reached
between the people and Government of
Ghana on ‘the one hand and the US
Reynolds Metal and Kaiser Alumi-
nium’s subsidiary, VALCO, on the oth-

er hand.
Not only is VALCO to pay a fair and reali-
- stic price for its consumption of power
from Akosombo, after buying it for a
song and dance all these years, butitis
also to pay more for port, water and
property rates:

VALCO is further obliged to implement a
programme to control the environmen-
tal hazards which result from the ope-
ration of the smelter.

Again, the clauses in the original agree-
‘ment which sought to prevent the le-
gislative competence of Ghana in of-
fensive language have been removed.
The master agreement is now.to be
governed by the laws of Ghana, which
as always, is in keeping with interna-
tional law.

The GRAPHIC wishes to express its gra-
titude to the members of the Ghana
Technical Committee and the Nego-
tiating Team, especially, those young
Ghanaians on the team who in the
words of Professor Akilagpa Sawyerr,
the leader of the team, had “no prior
experience of negotiation” for bringing
that task to a conclusion.

GHANA


12
13

Establishment of townships in independent, former
self-governing, states and subsidizing of transport
system, Mabopane ......

Assistance 10 governments « of ‘sells governing national

states .

Transport
Including

Contributions:

Urban Transport Fun .

Level Crossings Elimination Fund

National Sea Rescue Institute

Finance ........
Including—

Fiscal transfers to:

S.A. Transport Services

Posts and Telecommunication:

Loca! Loans Fund ...

Central Revenue Fund of South West Africa .

+ Development Bank of Southern Africa .

Secret services
Audit ....
Constitutional Development and Planning

Including—

Provincial subsidies
Foreign Affairs .
Internal Affairs.

Including.

Grants-in-aid:

Maatskappy vir Europese Immigrasie

1820 Settlers’ Association ...

Promotion of sport and culture

Special grants to homes for the aged and. infirm:

Coloureds...

Child welfare: Special grant

Coloureds

Indians

Commission for ‘Administration .
Including—

Grant-in-aid to S.A. Institute of Organization and Meth-

ods

Improvement of conditions of service
Police oe... cccseevssseteeeee
Including—

Grant-in-aid to S.A.P. Recreation and Benevolent Fund. .

Health and Welfare :
Including—

Contributions and grants-in-aid:

Mission hospitals. .

S.A.N.T.A. centres .

Springkell Sanatorium

National Cancer Association

S.A. National Council for the Blind

‘Training organizations: Community health nurses

S.A. Noodhulpliga, S.A. Red Cross Society and St.
John Ambulance Brigade

S.A. Meical Research Counci

titute for Medical Researc
Satation Aimy =
Financial assistance to’ National Council’ for’ Mental

Health.
Bursaries .
Special grants to homes for the aged and infirm
Subsidies:

Child welfare: Additional/Supplementary to any for-

mula
Community centres .

National Education
Including —
Grants-in-aid:

School funds
National Monuments Counci
Table Mountain Preservation Board .
Promotion of cultural services, youth work and publicity
S.A. Institute, Amsterdam
Overseas study ......
Human Sciences Researc!

243 893 000

842 554 000

10 883 000
4559 413 000
000

651 632
1293 242 000

46 329 000

267 000 000
795 640 000

1722 468 000

866 675 000

50 300 000
743 230 000

9 384 000
2.500 000
130.000

4 $20 722 000

175000
105 000
45.000
30 000

100 000
30 000

5

3

12.000
1637 000
000

14554 000
10 000

9000
35 470 000



SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO COMMENTS ON U.S. ELECTION CAMPAIGN
MB152030 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 15 Aug 84
[Station commentary: "The Buildup to the American Elections"]

{Text] With the presidential elections still 3 months away, there is much

for Americans to be excited about in the early stages of the campaign:
President Reagan's off the record joke about bombing the Russians, the personal
finances of Miss Geraldine Ferraro, and the rift between Democratic candidate
Mr Walter Mondale, and the Reverend Jesse Jackson.

No one is particularly amused by President Reagan's extemporaneous remarks,
but it is also not seen as particularly damaging. Conversely, the personal
finances of Miss Ferraro, the Democratic vice presidential candidate, is
becoming a major issue in the election campaign. Initially, after agreeing
to do so, she now refuses to disclose her husband's finances. The latest
development involves illegal funding she admits she received from her husband
for her first congressional campaign in 1978.

The Mondale-Jackson rift has resurfaced with Mr Jackson apparently going back
to his pledge at last month's Democratic Party Convention to support Mr Mondale.
He now says he has not decided whether to campaign for him. Mr Mondale is
reported to have accused Mr Jackson of demanding more and more concessions

as the price for his support, adding that he can win the White House without

Mr Jackson's help.

Meanwhile the latest opinion polls show that after a brief surge in Mr Mondale's
fortunes in the full glare of his party's convention, President Reagan is
again 15 percentage points ahead of his rival.

One way or another the Democratic Party Convention generated a lot of publicity
to Mr Mondale's benefit at the polls, and this now seems to be the Republican
Party's most immediate problem: how to interest the media in its routine con-
vention starting in Dallas on Monday.

With Mr Reagan the first White House incumbent since 1956 not to face any seri-
ous competition for renomination, there will be none of the drama and excite-
ment enacted in San Francisco. Mr Reagan's acceptance of the nomination will
be a mere formality, and indications are that so too will be his reelection

in November.

cso: 3400/2039 96



cso;

3400/2038

There are many other reasons why the
Trades Union Congress should find it
fit to declare a week of solidarity with,
the people of Nicaragua as there are for
the visit of the Chairman of the PNDC

and.his delegation.

To begin with, Ghana and nations like
Nicaragua, El Salvador belong to that
group of countries who are united by
the solidarity of the oppressed.

This unity is the natural consequence of
our common desire to emancipate
ourselves from mental slavery, and our
refusal to be cast in the role of the
hewers of wood and fetchers of water
and to take our God-given and inalien-
able right to decide our own destiny.

There is another aspect which unites
Ghana and Nicaragua. We are both
evolving our own systems founded on
our own experiences, on our sur-
roundings, and on our particular cult-
ures. This is viewed with suspicion by a
section of the World Powers because
this confounds their patterns which are
prescribed by the political science
text-books.

What must further link the two countries
most is that in both Ghana and Nicara-
gua, peasant farmers are the backbone
of our nations. In the past, the role of
the vanguard against neocolonialism,
aided by a local elite minority, was
played by urban workers and intellec-
tuals.

In both countries, the recognition has
dawned that the peasant whose sweat,
blood and tears had fed the intellec-
tuals and-built the roads, factories, and
the developmental structures, must
now be heard.

Others have spoken for them for far too
long. It is their turn to cease to be mere
onlookers. It is their turn to lead our
nations with the wisdom of the land,
which they had filled all these centu-
ries, as they gain more confidence to
express and act on their age old -wis-
dom.

Los Pueblo Vencera — The People WILL
Wint

37