IJPRS*SSA~86*072
40 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

INTERNATIONAL STUDY BLASTS NATION'S HUMAN RIGHTS RECORD
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Jun 86 p 17
[Article by John D'Oliveira]

[Text]

SOUTH Africa has dropped to the near
bottom of the human-rights league ac-
cording to a comprehensive internation-
al study just published by The Econo-
mist in London.

The study of human rights in 90 countries
ranks South Africa (with a Human Rights
Rating of 22 percent) on a par with countries
such as Libya (23 per cent), China (23 per-
cent) and Bulgaria (23 percent).

South Africa is only slightly worse than Viet-
nam (25 percent), Mozambique (25 percént) and
Cuba (24 percent).

Below South Africa in the human-rights league
are only Romania (20 percent), Russia (20 per-
cent), Iraq (19 percent), North Korea (17 percent)
and Ethiopia with a miserable 13 percent.

Botswana, in contrast, is a shining light with a
HRR of 78 percent. Zambia is assessed at 51 per-
cent, Zimbabwe at 45 percent and Tanzania at 43
percent. Even Zaire, with a HRR of 30 percent,
ranks well above South Africa.

Angola, Malawi and Lesotho were not subject-
ed to the Samé detailed examination as the other
countries, althotgh each received a “poor” HRR.
Swaziland was not mentioned in the publication,
World Human Rights Guide.

The Economist’s assessment was based on the
degree to which the different countries imple-
mented 40 specific human rights and freedome,
with four levels of per-
formance: yes, qualified
yes, qualified no, no.

‘OF the African coun-
tries assessed, South Afri
ca had the worst record.

56

It earned an unqualified “yes” only for respect-
ing freedom from compulsory membership of
state organisations or parties, freedom from com-
pulsory religion or state ideology in schools and
for respecting the personal right to use contra-
ceptive devices.

South Africa’s legal system was judged harshly.

‘The Guide said South Africans were not consid-
ered innocent until they had been proven guilty
because of arbitrary powers under the Terrorism
Act and the State of Emergency.

Nor were they entitled to civilian trials in pub-
lic because of the Government's power to order -
trials to be held in camera under security consid-
erations.

South Africans were not guaranteed prompt
trials nor were they free from police searches
without warrants.

South Airica’s respect for the independence of
its courts was assessed as a qualified “Yes”, with
the explanation that the courts’ powers were lim-
ited, that they could not release individuals held
by the security forces. |

However, there had been cases where a “de-
fiant judiciary” had resisted political pressures.

In the legal rights section, South Africa earned
qualified approval only for the degree to which it

respected the right to free legal aid when neces-
sary and the right to counsel of own choice and
the degree to which South Africans were free
from the arbitrary seizure of personal property.

The country’s attitude to the right to a free
Préss earned a qualified “No” because, The Guide
claimed, private ownership of newspapers did not
necessarily constitute independence because of

the banning and a?rest! of



city council with Pretoria's voting power took a position in accordance with
their convictions, it would be more judicious that such a Regional Service
Council not be established.”

The HNP members say that they take a firm stand against the establishment of
Regional Service Councils; of the reasons for this, the following are the most

important:

--It is an integrated administrative body which is responsible for providing
services at the local government level;

--All the important tertiary-level functions will be located in the Regional
Service Councils and white local authorities' functions will be of such an
inferior nature that they will probably disappear in time;

--The establishment of Regional Service Councils will necessarily result in
the imposition of further drastic integration measures on the public;

--The voting power stipulations are of such a nature that non-whites get
voting power at the expense of the whites. With the policy of the present
government in regard to black urbanization and the redistribution of income,
the Regional Service Council Act must ultimately result in control of the
Regional Service Councils by non-whites;

~-The establishment of Regional Service Councils will result in a yet greater
subsidizing of non-whites by whites with resulting far-reaching implications
for whites and white businesses as far as the financing of Regional Service
Councils is concerned; :

~~Regional Service Councils are an instrument which lends itself to the trans-
ference to local authorities, with the attendant cost implications, of ser-
vices which are performed .by other governmental bodies at a loss.

The HNP City Council members give notice in the letter that they are going to
make verbal representations to the Delimination Board on 2 June.

13238/9312
csO: 3401/152

22



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tween 1980/1 and 1985/6, the
tax paid by individuals quadru-
pee Moreover, this year it is
udgeted to increase by 20 per-
cent. Over the same period, the
amount collected in general
sales tax increased five-fold.

These were levels of in-
creases way in excess of the
growth of individual incomes.

With rising taxes and in-
creasing inflation the individ-
ual consumer found his ability
to spend curtailed. It is a com-
plete fallacy to portray con-
sumers, as some Government
members do, as irresponsible
spendthrifts. The statistics
show a completely different
position.

In real terms, consumers
spent less on furniture, house-
hold appliances and transport
equipment last year than they
did ten years ago. This, in spite
of a 25 percent growth in popu-
lation over that period.

While ordinary South Afri-
cans. had to curb their expendi-
ture, the Government did not.
Budgets lost all credibility as
actual expenditure easily ex-
cceded budgeted expenditure.
The impact of inflation on indi-
vidual and rising GST tax rates
provided a seemingly never
ending flow of funds. But even
an ever-increasing tax burden
was not enough to meet the
Government's ability to spend.

They resorted to debt. In
1975/6 the interest on the pub-
lic debt accounted for 4,9 per-
cent of. Government expendi-
ture. Ten years later, it
accounted for 14,2 percent. We
now spend the same on servic-
ing debt as we spend on wel-
fare services, pension and pub-
lic health combined.
Bureaucracy and mining be-
came ‘South Africa’s only
growth industries. In 1975, the
public sector accounted for 22,9
percent of South Africa’s gross
domestic product. In 1985 it ac-
counted for 29,2 percent. The
fastest growth was in the area
of State capitalism. Public cor-
porations share of the GDP has
more than doubled in the past
ten years. While the level of
employment in the manufac-
turing sector did not grow in
over ten years, the level of em-
ployment by the central Gov-
ernment over the same period
has increased by 40 percent.

The Government reacts to
economic problems in one of
two ways. Either it issues a
White Paper which slides from

* one motherhood concept to an-
‘other, but which is seldom im-
plemented. Alternatively it
tells us it is beyond their power
to do anything to rectify the
situation because of external
events. They seem so power-
less to solve economic prob-
lems, on sometimes wonders
why they don't abdicate offi-
cially instead of unofficially.
Seldom will they try to bring
about the necessary structural
changes. They only change
when the level of economic

_ misery becomes almost un-
bearable. Consider the question
of influx control.

By refusing to accept, until
now, a policy which encour-
aged urbanisation the Govern-
ment prevented the economy
from deriving the benefits i
herent in a rapidly urbanising
population. Indeed, they tried
to do exactly the opposite and
still continue to do so today.

Take, for cxample, decen-
tralisation for political pur-
poses. Spatial economists will
tell you South Africa can only
support between two and six
industrial growth points at any
one particular point in time.
Six is the very maximum.
However, according to the lat-
est report of the Board of the
Decentralisation of Industry,
between 1 April 1984 and 31
March 1985, five or more appli-
cations were approved to fifty
four different places. More-
over, there are numerous other
points which benefit from de-
centralisation policies.

These are attempts toi make
what was a dynamic economy
fit into a stultifying political
system. Indeed, given the dis-
mal performance of the manu-
facturing sector in the past few
years, it is surprising that the
Government can afford to wor-
ry about decentralising indus-
try instead of spending its time
and money on stimulating it.

Sustained long-term econom-
ic growth can only be achieved
if we increase our ability to
produce goods and services.
This means investment must
be encouraged. In the past we
relied on tax concessions to en-
courage investment. They did

«not work.

65

The only way to generate i
vestment is by offering busi-
nessmen a market that does
not fluctuate wildly and which
grows. This means the Govern-
ment must reduce its capacity
for spending the public’s mon-
ey. It is all very well to talk
about the need to redistribute
wealth. Before wealth can be
redistributed, someone has to
create it, otherwise all suffer.

We can no longer allow tax
to reduce the spending power
of the public. The findings of
the recommendations and im-
plementations of the Margo
Commission Report are of fun-
damental importance, We
should also encourage urbani-
sation. A rapidly growing ur-
ban population normally re-
sults in increased demand for
goods and services. This is just
what we need. The Govern-
ment has at long last said it ac-
cepts urbanisation. I hope the
birth of its urbanisation policy
will be faster than the death of
its apartheid policy.

At the same time, we need to
develop oxports. This can only
be done if we maintain the
competitive position we have
gained through the deprecia-
tion of the Rand. With an infla-
tion rate of three to four times
that of major competitors, we
will not remain competitive. It
is ‘therefore essential that the
problem of inflation is tackled.
Other countries have been able
to do it. There is no reason
why, given the necessary deter-
mination and the correct mix-
ture of policies, we should not
be able to do so as well.

The solution to solving the
inflation problem lies in in-
creasing deregulation of the
economy, firm action against
monopolies, a broadening of
the labour market and an ad-
ministered prices policy which
actually sets a good example
rather a bad one. If adminis-
tered prices keop on rising rap-
idly, why should the private
sector take the Government se-
riously when it calls for price
restraint.

We must also move re-
sources from the public sector
to the private sector at a much
faster rate. It is interesting to
contrast developments in South
Korea and Ghana. In 1962 both
had the same GDP per capita.
Both had the same percentage



JPRS«SSA786+072

10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FACTORS LEADING TO INCREASE IN UNEMPLOYMENT DISCUSSED

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 15 May 86 p 9

{Article by Bruce Cameron]
[Text ]

CAPE: TOWN: Unrest, measures taken
by foreign countries -- including dis-
investment -- and high interest rates
have cost jobs in South Africa.

Unemployment, which posed a serious
problem, was growing and because of these
influences was likely to increase further,
warns the latest annual report of the De-
partment of Manpower.

And despite the substantial reforms in
labour Jaws and relations, South Africa
continued to be isolated in international la-
hour organisations

‘The report says international action was
directed towards political and governmen-
tal reform rather than changes in labour
relations.

Employment fell in all non-agricultural
sectors with blacks being the hardest hit,
while real earnings dropped by 3,2 per-
cent and whites being the worst affected.

‘The department urged that a greater de-
gree of sophistication should be shown in
industrial negotiations and employers and
work
ing circumstances.

CI Registered unemployment (which does
not reflect the real position, particularly of
blacks) showed a an overall increase of 73
percent between November 1984 and ‘No-
vember 1985 with a total of 125 325 unem-
ployed.

However, the position according to the
current population census was far worse,
with an estimated 515 000 blacks being un-
employed in September 1985, 88000 col-
oureds and 22.505 Indians.

‘The more accurate registered unemploy-
ment figure for whites stood at 27 71.

Between 60 and 65 percent of the black —

a J coloured unemployed were under the
age of 30. Geographically the worst hit

should continually adapt to chang- ;

76

areas were Natal/KwaZulu, the PWV re-
gion and the eastern Cape.

The position had become so bad that the
Unemployment Insurance Fund was paying
out R15 million a month more than was
being collected and the Government had
been forced to make a R75 million contri-
bution to help out.

The department felt the position could

be improved by the Government's special
R500 million employment programme this
year.
0 The number of strikes dropped last year
to 389 from 469 the previous year but
the duration increased from 2,1 days on av-
erage to 2,8 which was considered “relati-
vely short” by the department.

The number of workers involved in-
creased from 181942 to 239816 with the
number of man-days lost going from
379 712 to 678 274.

The most common cause of strikes con-
tinued to be wage related while the number
of strikes related to the dismissal of redun-
dant workers had decreased as a result of
bargaining procedures becoming “general-
ly accepted practice”.

Most of the strikes occurred in the areas
where there was high unemployment — the
PWV area (35 percent), the Durban/Pieter-
maritzburg axis (14,9 percent) and the east-
ern Cape (12 percent).

D Greater use was being made of statuto-
ry measures to resolve and avoid industrial
disputes.

There was, however, a decrease in the
number of employees covered by Industri»!
Council agreements with about 1,08 million
workers having their conditions of employ-
ment regulated by Industrial Council

. agreements at the end of 1985.

The report says there was a growing ten-
dency to conclude agreements on a central-



JPRS*SSA*86*0:
10 July 1986

LESOTHO

BRIEFS

HIGHLANDS WATER PROJECT--Official go-ahead for the multi-billion rand
Lesotho Highlands water scheme is expected early next month. Foreign
Affairs department deputy director-general Neil van Heerden said yesterday
the draft of the final bilateral treaty between South Africa and Lesotho
was being examined by lawyers at present. The scheme will push 70 cubic
metres of water a second into the Vaal Dam when the source of the Orange
River, high in north-eastern Lesotho, is dammed. Construction will cost
R2,2bn while infrastructure and financing will add a further R1,8bn.
[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 May 86 p 1] /9317

cso: 3400/014

12



/9317

Vereeniging Estates and the name
of the company changed to Anglo
American Coal.

The merger came into being on
January 1, 1975. In 1980 Vryheid
Coronation became a wholly owned
subsidiary of Amcoal.

Natal Anthracite Colliery, which
operated two collieries in Natal, be-
came a wholly owned subsidiary
from January 1, 1981. After the ac-
quistion of Natal An-
thracite, Amcoal itself
became a subsidiary of
Anglo American Cor-
poration, also from Jan-
uary 1, 1981.

. Further and on-going
consolidation procedures
of the group’s coal inter-
ests took place during
1982. A further change of
name’ was made to Am-
coal Collieries Limited.

The mines in the
group are New Largo,
Landau, Arnot, Bank,
Goedehoop/Springbok,

cso: 3400/2000

71

Kleinkopje, New Den-
mark, Kriel, Spring-_
field, Cornelia Vryheid
Coronation, Natal An-
thracite and New Vaal.

Most of the older
mines, such as New
Largo and Landau, are
"underground, while most
‘of the newer operations
are opencast. Nearly all
of the latter have been
opened up only in the
last 10 years.

These mines have come into
being primarily as a result of the
Richards Bay coal-export scheme,
together with Escom’s massive ex-
pansion of the last decade. Col-
lieries in this category are Klein-
kopje (export), and Arnot, Kriel,
New Denmark and New Vaal

).

Last year Amcoal sold 37,3 mil-
lion tons of coal and coke and its
operating profit was a staggering
R419,7 million.



. JPRS*SSA*86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CHECKS AND BALANCES SEEN ESSENTIAL TO DEMOCRACY
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 86 p 12
[Editorial: "Democracy Is Possible"]

[Text] One often hears the opinion that democracy is not attainable in South
Africa with its ethnically heterogeneous population. That a successful democ-
racy in South Africa is going to require more work than elsewhere in the West
is indeed true. But it is equally true that a lasting solution in this
country is not possible without democracy.

Mr Chris Heunis, Minister of Constitutional Development, again this week
confirmed the government's attachment to democracy. Democracy is possible in
South Africa, he said, and added that there can be debate as to the question
of what kind of democracy is possible.

To wit, it must be kept in mind that democracy does not, as many people think,
depend solely on things such as voting rights or the will of the majority in
the sense of Western constitutional law. That all people must have, in one
way or another, a share in the makeup of the government, is important, but the
functioning of this mechanism can vary within the whole from community to
community as their political culture and traditions differ.

There is also another cardinal aspect of democracy which has little to do with
mere domination by the majority. It is the system of checks and balances
which must prevent that too much power is concentrated in a person, group, or
governmental authority. A too great concentration of power, experience
teaches, just leads too often to misuse of power.

This system consists of constitutional institutions, such as the division of
governmental powers~-above all the existence of an independent judiciary--the
Auditor-General, et al. There are also unofficial aspects, such as a free
press, pressure groups and others.

The importance of such checks and balances can hardly be exaggerated. If they
are fundamentally impaired, democracy is mortally wounded. Whatever system of
political representation awaits South Africa, such checks and balances will
have to remain essential aspects of any kind of democracy.

29



/9317

Typical of thé best applications for.
3CR12 are where there is wet abra-
sion, for example in coal handling —
you don’t have to have a hard steel to
resist abrasion — and in sewage
plants, As Melvill says: “You want the

lant to last and to be maintenance-
ree.”

duced elsewhere in the world in tl
ner gauges, but the thicker gauges of
3CRI2, with its good weldability, are
unique.

American producers previously
used a similar (but not identical) sys-
tem for exhaust systems, but when it
was, rolled thicker it had a brittle
weld.

“The secret,” says Melvill, “lies in
both the technique of manufacture
and the ingredients.”

The first trials in the field used to
get brittle fracture cracks on a cold
Highveld morning, This is because
the whole research was in terms of
ferritic structure. The problem was
solved when the research dictated a
move away from a ferritic to a du-
plex structure, which combined to
give strength, ductility, toughness
and corrosion-resistance.

Chromium provides hardness and
corrosion resistance in the form of
layer on layer of oxide film which
reforms when damaged.

The development of 3CR12 has tak-
ena decade from conception to com-
mercial production, and has cost mil-
lions of rands. .

MS&A was originally motivated to
do the research in order to find ways
of increasing consumption of chromi-
um.

“{t started in our own labs in Mid-
delburg but because the programme
became so comprehensive we
brought in Wits, Cape Town and Pre-

-toria universities. We had to carry out

research related to production while
simultaneously carrying out basic re-
search on welding, corrosion and fa-
tigue,” said Melvill. “Something like
90% of the work was done in SA.

cso: 3400/008

Similar products have been fro:
in-

100

PRODUCTION OF 3CR12

TONS/YEAR

18000}

14000

9701
8129

7226
300 1059 |

1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 191

1986 1986

“We put the first 300 tons of the
material into the market in 1978, and
we expect a 36% increase in sales this

ear, In 1978-80 we were not market-
ing the steel, but sold it for prototypes
and built up a case study of about
2000 prototypes. The steel was
launched commercially in 1981.

“Then, in 1983 we switched from
ingot production to slab production
which created a new set of problems
which had to be solved.”

Melvill says it is impossible to cal-
culate how much it cost to develop
3CR12. MS&A spends about R2m a
ye on research and development,

ut this accounts for only a portion of
the total development cost.

“All one can say is that it cost
millions,” he says.



At such crucial and historic moments as the present one, we need a coherent,
clear and unambiguous strategic perspective as regards these questions; not
only for the purpose of greater understanding within the liberation movement
itself, but also (and this is very important) because we must always strive
to impart to our peoplé the course of events in our national democratic revo-

lution. We need to: , 2

“advance our aims more comprehensively and boldly at such a time, so that
our slogans shall always be in advance of the revolutionary initiative of
the masses, serve as a beacon, reveal to them our democratic ideals...and
show them the shortest and most direct route'to complete, absolute and
decisive victory." (V.I. Lenin, Two Tactics of Social Democracy.)

What do we mean by such concepts and categories as people's war, the arming
of the masses, insurrection, embryonic forms of self-government and popular
power, and so on, as they are related to South Africa's own set of concrete
and historical conditions? So

We should guard against a tendency to provide prescriptions and definitions
which do not bear the least affinity to the essence of our national demo-
cratic revolution, and against amorphous approaches which collapse these
concepts and categories into a-whole, while failing to distinguish the order
of priorities and the likely course and sequence of events in our revolu-
tion.

Here, we shall confine ourselves to discussing the issue of dual power,
and embryonic forms of self-government and popular power.

Colonialism of a Special Type

The South African liberation movement ‘describes the social, political and
economic relationship prevailing in our country as that of colonialism of
a special type. Unfortunately, this thesis is mostly understood in geogra-
phic terms, in which the coloniser (the ‘White minority state) lives side
by side, and coexists with the’ colonised (the Black majority), and also

in terms of the relations of domination and subjugation.

But in terms-of the revolution, this thesis cuts across the whole social
fibre of South African society. It exposes and lays bare those conditions
in South Africa which make it a reality that the struggle of the oppressed
majority has to be waged along two dialectically connected lines.

When the struggle against White domination in South Africa came to a point
where peaceful methods of struggle alone proved inadequate, the people
became disillusioned with peaceful methods. Despite the enormous sacri-
fices and hardships it would entail, they were prepared to support the
strategy of armed struggle and to participate in‘it. The first necessity
then, was to embark on armed struggle as it could be conceived of in
conditions of colonialism (see Strategy and Tactics of the ANC, adopted
at the Morogoro Conference, 1969).

36



‘@ First and foremost is the de-
mand for one central education
department and one Minister in
overall charge of all education.
This is vital. Separate depart-
ments are scen as symbolic of |
inferior apartheid education. |

Technically, there is a central!
department controlling certain
aspects of education, but the pro-
liferation of racially-based de-
partments remains.

The Government argues that
one single department would be
an administrative monstrosity
and that education would suffer
as a result.”

The fact is that nobody has sug-
gested that there should not be
provincial or regional decentral-
isation — on the contrary. That
white school education was decen-
tralised did not change the fact
that there was one Minister re-
sponsible in Parliament.

‘Those who use the “administra-
tive monstrosity” argument are

either ignorant or deliberately .

trying to justify the unjustifiable.

Shortage

@ Secondly, a major problem is
the shortage of suitably qualified
teachers. This is not easy to over-
come in the short term, but far
more could be done.

There is a surplus of white
teachers, Steps should be taken to
find a way to utilise them in black
schools, acceptable to the teach-
ers themselves as well as to the
black schools and communities.

At present, there are places for
only 5 269 students at Department
of Education and ning teach-
er traini
cant places for 2767 students at
White teacher training colleges.
Filling those places with black
students would increase the num-
ber of black student teachers at
college hy 53 percent. .

Yet the Minister has made no
request for black students to be
allowed to fill those places. Does
that show a commitment to equal
education — or commitment to a
racial ideology?

@ Thirdly, there is the way in
which available finances are allo-
cated.

/9317
cso: 3400/1993

The most recent figures (for
1985/86) show that total education
expenditure was up by R937-mil-
lion compared with the previous
year. Of that, whites received 526-
million (56 percent) and blacks
only R272-million (29 percent).

Comparison

Compare this with the total
number of pupils and students
concerned: whites 1,4-million (or
21 percent), and blacks 4,2-million
(or 63 percent)!

It is clear that either black edu-
cation should have received about
five times more than it got or that
white education should have re-
ceived only 20 percent of what it
got. That would only have resulted
in parity in respect of the incre-
ment, not in the system as.a
whole.

The point is made that the rea-
son for the disparity is the differ-
ence in qualifications of the teach-
ers. That is statistically correct.
But surely the real question is how
we are applying our resources to-
wards improving and equalising

jucational standards.

"Let us assume that only R937-

million was available in total for
education. Then, about R590-mil-
lion should have been made avail-
able for black education and not
only R272-million — ie, an extra
R3i8-million.

That extra R318-million could
then have been used in helping to
make up for the shortage of quali-
fied teachers in other ways.

Computers

Consider just one example:
‘computer aids have been shown to
be highly effective in upgrading

upil performance in critical sub-
jects, They do cost a great deal of
money, but R318-million would
have enabled all non-farm prima-
ry schools to have access toa
computer-based educational sys-
tem. The results could be dramat-

ie.
‘@ Finally, I would like to refer
to the pupil/classroom ratios.
The Minister was embarrass-
ingly evasive when I questioned

61

him in Parliament. However, the
Standing Committee on Finance
was advised that the amount per
annum required to achieve parity
by 1990 would be R133,6-million.

Again, not an enormous amount
and an amount that should cer-
tainly take precedence over the
R169-million voted this year for
the resettlement of people.

It is interesting to note that the -
Department of Education and
Training (for blacks) has a short-
age of classrooms for 193575
pupils. At the same time the De-
partment of Education and Cul-
ture (for whites) has vacancies at
its schools for 205 000 pupils!

Obviously, all the needs are not
necessarily where the vacancies
exist, but it is sobering to think
ithat it will cost R348-million to
build classrooms for those black
pupils when, in fact, there is no
overall shortage at all.

Good intentions and commit.
ments to equal education will
achieve very little unless they are
translated into action.

Aggravated

Apartheid in education has in
most cases caused or aggravated
problems in black schools and uni-
versities, Bringing about im-

rovements in black education is
fine as far as it goes — but it does
not go far enough.

Separate education will always
be unequal and black education
will remain inferior for as long as
there is no freedom of choice. The
Government should remove its
apartheid blinkers and stop wast-
ing valuable time and money that
South Africa can ill afford.

The Government frequently
places the demands of its racial
ideology before the, educational
needs of black children. Until that
attitude changes, the Government
has no right to claim that every-
thing possible is being done to give
black children the best possible

‘educational opportunities.

There is no quick fix. But nei-
ther is there any need for despair.
Thave no doubt that in black edu-
cation, as in many other spheres,
where there is a will there is a
way.



The unfortunate turn which the latter can take Mr Landers himself saw and
experienced the past year in his electoral district. The community there was
wrenched by the death of a young boy in a grenade attack. Mr Landers himself
has been a victim. He was seriously injured on 12 July last year when two
Russian-made. hand grenades were thrown into his bedroom in Mitchell's Plain.
Hand grenade fragments were removed from his back in an emergency operation
and he had to remain quite a while in the hospital.

But that belongs to the past. Since then he has completely recovered. He is
now looking to the future and is struggling with, among other things, one of
the other evils he mentioned: Unemployment. He is concerned about the high
unemployment in his electoral district, "There are few things that demoralize
a person more than to be unemployed,” he says. And like all the other miser-
ies, unemployment will only increase and become worse if the birthrate cannot
be brought down to levels which can be borne by the resources and socio-
economic means of the country. The present rapid population growth which the
country is experiencing must be brought under control in time.

The Science Committee of the President's Council determined several years ago
that South Africa's resources can bear no more than 80 million people.

Mr Landers says the government has already made great progress with its pro-
gram for population development. There is an increasing realization in all
population groups that smaller families are in their own interests.

Although the methods which other countries employ to control their population
numbers are being studied, he does not believe in drastic measures, such as
sterilization which is practiced in India and legislation such as that in Red
China which obliges a married couple to have no more than one child. He says
he has reservations as to whether it can even succeed in Red China, a totali-
tarian state. In any case, force will never be able to be considered in South
Africa because it is morally and politically unacceptable. And politics must
be kept as far as possible out of the program.

The prime goal of the Population Development Program is to raise and maintain
the living standard and quality of life of the population. The level of the
quality of life is usually linked to the fulfillment of human needs. It is a
difficult and slow process. Naturally everyone's standard of living cannot be
raised immediately. Therefore the other important strategies are information
and enlightenment.

“Our targets are naturally the underdeveloped and less privileged persons,
also those in rural areas. On the farms of South Africa's approximately
75,000 farms between 5 and 6 million people live or work. The conditions of
the farm-workers are in many cases precarious. We regard them as one of the
important target groups whom we must reach,

“The farmers are involved and motivated to help us to reach that goal by the
Foundation for Rural Community Development.

“We do not dictate to anyone. The strategy is to work through leaders. We

merely point out the advantages of the program and attempt thereby to persuade
people to accept it in their own interests."

32


PFP MP CALLS FOR NEW ECONOMIC POLICY

JPRS*SSA*86+072

10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS (Business) in English 24 May 86 p 3

[Article by Brian Goodall, MP for Edenvale, PFP spokesman on Mineral and Energy
Affairs and deputy spokesman for Finance]

[Text J

SOLVING our present political
problems will alleviate, but not
end, our current economic
problems. There is, alas, no
quick fix to these problems.
Before we can again enjoy sus-
tained economic growth we
must tackle the fundamental
structural problems in our
economy. The symptoms of
these structural problems have
been with us for some years
now.

Our recent economic perfor-
mance has been dismal. We
made little economic progress.
Indeed, in many areas we re-
gressed, in spite of the benefits
of a gold boom in the interven-
ing period.

In a country like South Afri-
ca it is normally the manufac-
turing sector which is the en-
gine that drives the economy.

In the past ten years the
manufacturing sector has
grown at a real rate of about
1,7 per cent a year. Some en-
gine! No wonder our gross do-
mestic product has only grown
at 1,8 per cent per annum after
taking into account inflation.
This is a growth rate which is
way below our rate of popula-
tion increase. Today we pro-
duce less per person than we
did ten years ago.

This is not a good perfor-
mance. Moreover, the situation
is unlikely to improve. Before
you can have long-term eco-

nomic ‘growth you need to in-
vest in plant, equipment and
people. Investment by the man-
ufacturing sector has declined
each year since 1980. In 1985
investment by the manufactur-
ing sector was just slightly
more than half of what it was
in 1980. Today, the manufactur-
ing sector invests less than it
did ten years ago.

It was not the only sector
performing poorly. Over the
past ten years investment in
real rand in agriculture was 57
percent less; investment in
community, social and person-
al services was 33 percent less.

Without investment, few jobs
are created and unemployment
increases. This is exactly what
is happening. In 1985 the num-
ber of whites, Asians and col-
oured registered as unem-
ployed rose by 90,9 percent.
Among Asian women the num-
ber of registered unemployed
rose by 235,6 percent. The num-
ber of registered unemployed
blacks, which we know is only
a small portion of the total, in-
creased by 63,6 percent.

Is it surprising that we have
social unrest in South Africa?

It is sobering to note that the
number of people employed in
the manufacturing sector at
the beginning of 1986 was at
the same level as it was in
1975.

If one looks at the construc-

64

tion industry, the situation is
even worse. Today it employs
95 000 less people than it did in
1975.

Why was our economic per-
formance so poor? What hap-
pened was that the economy in
general, and the manufacturing
sector in particular, was be-
coming less and less competi-
tive. There are many reasons
for this. One reason is that our
inflation rate was so much
higher than that of our trading
partners and competitors. This
depressed exports, especially
manufacturing exports and
boosted imports. The situation
was allowed to continue from
1976 to 1983 and was only cor-
rected by the savage deprecia-
tion of the rand.

Because of the poor perfor-
mance of manufacturing ex-
ports, we have seldom been
able to achieve the necessary
production volumes to enjoy
the benefits of mass produc-
tion, especially lower unit
costs. .

Not only were we failing to
develop large-scale export
markets, we were also’ failing
to develop our domestic mar-
ket, especially for manufac-
tured goods.

One reason why the domestic
market remains small is be-
cause of excessive taxation, es-
pecially on individuals. Be-


JPRS-SSA-86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NATAL BUILDING FIRMS IN DIFFICULTY--Durban--The building industry in Natal
appears to be going through one of its worst ever periods with many firms
closing and hundreds of workers being retrenched. A spokesman for the
Masters Builders Association said this in Durban yesterday and added that
Prospects for the next 18 months appeared grim. He said that in the last
three weeks at least seven building firms had closed because "there is
simply no work." He said the industry in Durban and the rural areas of
Natal was at "rock bottom" and back to the employment levels of 1977-78.
Another worrying factor was that many of the skilled artisans had accepted
offers in Australia and other countries and would not be coming back to
South Africa easily, the spokesman added. He knew of at least five
executives of major building concerns who had been given contracts in
Australia and had decided “to quit South Africa. According to the managing
directors of two of the biggest building firms in Natal workers--mostly
Blacks--were being retrenched at the rate of between 300 and 400 a week.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 May 86 p 14] /9317

ESCOM BUILDS WORLD'S LARGEST RADIATOR--Escom technicians have started to
build the world's largest radiator, a giant version of a motor car water
cooler with enough piping to stretch end-to-end from Cape Town to Tanzania.
The radiator, one of six which will lie across the bottom of the world's
biggest cooling towers at Kendal, near Ogies on the eastern Highveld, is a
closed system from which water losses through cooling will be virtually
nil. The first radiator is to prove its massive water savings when the
initial power unit of Escom's "dry" power station Kendal comes on stream
in 1988. Conventional power stations are notorious for their huge water
evaporation losses, Kendal's jumbo coolers consist of almost 2 000 km of
steel piping somewhat thicker than a garden hose. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 28 May 86 p 9] /9317

GASKETS FOR JAPANESE CAR MARKET--Turner & Newall, the engineering company
soon to be listed on the JSE, is to manufacture precision engineered
cylinder head gaskets for the Japanese car market. According to prelimi-
nary tests, the locally manufactured gasket can compete with the world's
top technologically~designed products in terms of both quality and price.
Managing director Vic Bodell comments: "Americans wanting gaskets for
Japanese cars in the United States buy Japanese or Taiwanese imports,
However, we can produce the same quality product more cheaply than
manufacturers in the East." He believes Turner & Newall's export turnover
will comprise 25 percent of sales by 1987. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY
STAR (Finance) in English 25 May 86 p 1] /9317

cso: 3400/0112 END



JPRS+SSA~86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MAMELODI SEEN EXAMPLE OF SUCCESS OF PEOPLE'S POWER

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 27 May 86 p 4

{Article by Marimuthu Subramoney]

[Text]

WHILE State President Pieter
Botha has shored up his support
among right-wingers in the white.
community through military
attacks on neighbouring states,
inside South Africa some black
townships have become ungov-
ernable. .
‘An opposition MP told Parlia-
ment recently that in places gov-
ernment control “hardly extends
further than the short shooting
range of a patrolling Caspir as it
moves through the township”.
Botha’s government is still in
control of South Africa's rail-
ways, harbours. airports and
mifitary installations. Commer-
cial centzes, although emptied
by ‘consumer. boycotts and
threatened by limpet mine
attacks, remain in busin
But governing
townships is increasingly
ing a logistical impossibility.
They can only be besieged.
lamelodi, a_ large black
township cast of Pretoria, strik-
ingly illustrates the success of
‘people's power’ in defiance of
the establishment. It still has its
town council, Pretoria’s substi-
tute for genuine township gov-
ernment. And in the final
analysis it remains at the army's

mercy. But since last August the

mayor and three councillors
have ‘resigned and those who
remain are totally dependent on
army protection.

"42

‘As in many townships, the dis-
credited council has been
replaced by community organi-
sations —_ in this case the
Mamelodi Youth Organisation
(MAYO) and the Mamelodi
Parents Association (MPA).

They have been in the foref-
ront of consumer boycotts and

‘stay-away campaigns. They have

mobilised — the community
around local issues and raised
national demands.

Last June MAYO. started
street committees to weed out
criminals who usc politial protest
as a foil for more mercenary
activities.

in November the town councit
stopped refuse collection in
fesponse_to a widespread rent
strike. The street committees
extended their role to the coll
tion of garbage. Then, with
frugal resources, they began to
build parks and rockeries in the
dusty and desolate township.

An attempt to provide the
community with its own judicial

rocess and municipal service

ad begun following the shoot-
ing by police last November of 13
people in the township. A
member of MAYO said: “After
the killings we began a house-to-
house campaign to get people
not to associate with the police
or the administration. We
wanted to do everything’on our
own.



ENGINEERING SECTOR LAUNCHES EXPORT DRIVE

JPRS+SSA+86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 8 Jun 86 p 3

[Article by Malcolm Fothergill]

{Text ]

AN intensive, industry-wide initia-
tive aimed at multiplying exports
from South Africa’s engineering
sector gets off the ground on
Wednesday, July 2, at a conference
in Sandton.

Top-level representatives from
both the private and public sectors
will attend. Also there will be rr
resentatives from Sercobe, ‘the
non-profit-making Spanish export-
promotion body on which the
South African initiative, called Ex-
prosa, is being modelled.

In the 25 years since it was
started, Sercobe has increased
Spanish exports of engineering
goods and services by 22 percent a
year, in value terms.

Says Exprosa chairman Mr Rex
Carlisle: “In spite of - political
problems, I see no reason why
we shouldn't emulate the Spanish
performance.” He believes South
Africa will start reaping the fruits
of a sustained, industry-specific
export push within two or three
years.

Exprosa has already appointed
a marketing expert in London and

/9317
cso: 3400/016

formed links in Britain with an in-
ternational organisation involved
in counter-trade operating in mar-
kets generally accepted as being
closed to South Africa.

In the second half of this year it
will set up an office in America,
probably in Atlanta or Miami, and
agencies in Latin America and the
Far East.

Exprosa’s__ relationship with
South America is expected to be
particularly strong, in part
through its links with Latinequip,
a.company that aims to increase
exports of capital goods from Ar-
gentina, Brazil and Mexico.

“They see us as a very signifi-
cant partner, particularly because
of our higher levels of technology,”
says Mr Carlisle.

‘Among Exprosa’s priorities will
be to provide continuity in South
Africa’s engineering-export ef-
forts.

“We have to be there year after
year plugging away,” says Mr
Carlisle. “There has to be a con-
stant effort in the field.”

84

Mr Lance Scovell, manager of
the National Productivity Insti-
tute’s financial advisory services,
points to another role Exprosa
‘will be able to play, that of aiming
engineering goods at specific mar-
kets.

Competitiveness, he says, goes
far deeper than price: “A high de-
gree of specialisation is essential
to exploit export markets. Hawk-
ing an engineering product on
price will achieve nothing.”

Recent successes, he believes,
have probably been caused more
by buyers seeing South Africa as a
“distressed seller” than by in-
spired marketing.

Latest figures for 1985 until Oc-
tober show the value of South Afri-
can exports of base metals at
R3 357,8 million, machinery at
R421 million and vehicles at
‘R283,2 million.

The engineering sector accounts
for about a third of South Africa’s
manufacturing, which in turn ac-
counts for about a quarter of the
country’s economic activity.


JPRS*SSA*86+072
10 July 1986

CAMEROON

ACTIVE GERMAN INVESTING FIRMS TO TAKE PART IN TRADE FAIR

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
1 Apr 86 p 2

[W.An. Article: "German Firms are Active in Cameroon, A German Trade Fair
is planned in Yaoundé for November"]

[Text] In Cameroon in the Palais des Congrés of the capital of Yaoundé a
German trade fair is planned (14 through 23 Nov). It is being organized by
the Federal Department of Commerce in collaboration with the Exhibits and
Fairs Committee of German Commerce e.V. (AUMA), Cologne, and arranged by AMK
Berlin-Ausstellungs-Messe-Kongress GmbH., Berlin. In addition to roughly 100
firms from the FRG, other participants in the Exhibit are the Department of
Food, Agriculture and Forestry, the Information Bureau of the FRG as well as
the Senator for.Commerce and Labor of the Land Berlin. Among the major German
companies assuring their participation are Siemens, AG, Munich/Berlin; AEG-
Telefunken, Frankfurt; Daimler-Benz AG, Stuttgart and Hoechst AG, Frankfrut.

In the economic development of Cameroon, which takes place within the limits
of a controlled enterprise system, one relies particularly on crude oil pro-
duction (approximately 7 million metric tons annually) and the export of
agricultural products (coffee, cocoa). Cameroon is also stepping up her grow-
ing of other field crops, such as caoutchouc, cotton and sugar cane as well as
the production of palm oil. Food for the population is ensured through own
production. It is expected that the trade fair will radiate to other nations
as well (Nigeria, Gabon, People's Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and the
Central African Republic).

Several German Companies, in ‘connection with the Deutsche Finanzierungsgesell-
schaft fuer Beteiligungen in Engwicklungslaendern GmbH (DEG) [German Financing
Company for Investments in Developing Countries], Cologne, have already de-
cided upon direct investments. Recently, German’ engineering-consulting, equip-
ment and construction firms were successful in booking major orders in this
country. Cameroon is also a thrust point of German development assistance.
Through the end of December 1984, the total commitment by the Credit Institute
for Rehabilitation (KfW), Frankfurt, amounted to 450 million DM. Until now,
German development assistance has concentrated primarily on highway and rail-
road construction, water supply and navigation (expansion of the ‘port of Douala
and acquisition of two semi-container ships for Cameroon Shipping Lines S.A.,
Douala), as well as agriculture.



VAAL Street Defence Committees
Red Meat Boycott
No 'Necklace' in Transkei

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Parallels Between ANC, Ultra-Right Threat Analyzed
(Andreas Razumovsky; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 4 Jun 86) ..+..-.++

AD Appeals to Whites To Use Flowers in Support of Soweto Day
_s (THE WEEKLY MAIL, 6-12 Jun 86) ..ccceecseesceccrcceeseeseceerees

Firearms, Ammunition Sales Rocket on Rand
(THE STAR, 14 Jun 86) ..esceccecevcrcccceccncccccccnsecsccseenses

New NCW Head Plans To Help Detained Children
(Kate McKinnell; THE STAR, 13 Jun 86) ..cecceccececccceccceccces

International Study Blasts Nation's Human Rights Record
(John D'Oliveira; THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Jun 86) ..csceeseecececeers

Hundreds of Architects Leaving Profession, Out of Work .
(Ruth Golembo; SUNDAY TIMES, 8 Jun 86) ..cccsccecevecccececcces

Black Anglican Bishop Appeals to White Youth
(Estelle Trengove; THE STAR, 14 Jun 86) ...cccseeescecreceerceecs

Need for Stability, Trust To Solve Education Crisis Discussed
(Ken Andrew; SUNDAY TIMES, 8 Jun 86) ...cescccecccceeecccccecees

Briefs
Concern for Detained Children
Low-Cost Housing Designs Sought
ECONOMIC

PFP MP Calls for New Economic Policy
(Brian Goodall; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 24 May 86) ..scseesererencves

BIS Notes Nation's Improved External Debt. Position
(Neil Behrmann; BUSINESS DAY, 9 Jun 86) ..

Red Tape Said To Hamper Business Initiative
(Lesley Lambert; BUSINESS DAY, 4 Jun 86) ...

(THE CITIZEN, 9 Jun 86) .ccccccccccccccecs

Extent of Amcoal's Interests Described
(John Orpen; THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Jun 86) ..s.eeevecseereoees

Investment Trust Fund Formed To Help Blacks
-e-
|

47

48

48

49

52

54

55

56

58

59

60

62

64

67

68

69

70



Let us clarify what we actually mean by this peculiar. form of dual power,
so as to ward off any unwarranted optimism, which can only lead to a
confusion of priorities, :

Local Organs Of Power Disintegrating

We are far from implying that two governments exist in South Africa today.
Quite the contrary! There is still one central government in power, that
of the racists, which still kills and maims our peoplé, which taxes and
exploits our people, which enacts laws and imposes them on our people.
There is this difference: it is the racist government which has lost, and
is still losing, control over its local organs of Black administration and
law enforcement. It is a central government whose local organs of power
are being gradually undermined by the masses, and indeed, are disintegra-
ting. It is therefore a central government which, given the unabated
continuity and escalation of these campaigns, will in the end remain a

centre without reference co-ordinates, and therefore isolated and irrelevant.

But let us not lose sight of the fact that this is but an aspect (legisla-
tive and executive at Black local levels) of the South African apartheid
system. Its state, whose purpose it is to protect and sustain by force

of arms the rule of the White racist minority over the democratic majority,
is still intact.

Tt is therefore in the light of this that the real power of the majority
can only be achieved after the revolution has smashed and dismantled this
state power.

"All revolutions are about state power. Ours is no exception." (ANC
January 8th Message, 1986)

This, therefore, is the nature of this peculiar form of dual power, which
signifies that the crisis of power has already dawned in the South African
revolution.

But our analysis of this peculiar form of dual power would indeed be
incomplete if we omitted to look into the significance of. this development
for the entire course of our revolution.

Embryonic Popular Power

First ‘and foremost, this development signifies the emergence, still embryonic,
still incipient, of organs of self-government and popular power. These are
organs which have rejected the illegitimate rule of apartheid, which are
challenging these areas, emerging, therefore, as the alternative power.
They are, and should be seen as, what Lenin in Letters From Afar called
“organs of insurrection," which, when that moment arrives; will be called
upon:to rise, arms in hands, and seize power.

39



EXTENT OF AMCOAL'S INTERESTS DESCRIBED

JPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 8 Jun 86 p 8

[Article by John Orpen]

[Text ]

AMCOAL — formerly
known as Anglo Ameri-
can Coal — is today the
largest coal-producing
company in South Afri-
ca with no less than 13
operating collieries
under its umbrella.

The company this
week reported a profit
of R203,4 million against
R155,2 million last year.

Its history can be
traced right back to 1897
when The Vereeniging
Estates Limited was
formed to acquire a
number of farms in the
Vereeniging area, cover-
ing some 500sqkm on
both sides of the Vaal
River.

It assumed the coal-
mining operations in this
area previously under-
taken by the Zuid-Afri-
kaansche en Oranje-Vrij-
staatche Kolen en Min-
eralen-Mijn Vereeniging.

The company broa-
dened the scope and
geographical spread of its invest-
ments in 1928 when it purchased a
controlling interest in The Coro-
nation Collieries Limited from the

70

Victoria Falls and Transvaal
Power Company Limited — the
forerunner of Escom — which
owned a power station near
Vereeniging.

In 1936 the company merged
part of its coal interests with those
of the African and European In-
vestment Company Limited to
form Amalgamated Collieries of
South Africa Limited. This was
then the largest organisation of its
kind in South Africa and operated
the Cornelia, Springfield, Largo and
Schoongezicht collieries.

In 1949 The Vereeniging Estates
purchased a controlling interest in
Springbok Colliery, which had been
established by Anglo American in
1946, and in South African Coal Es-
tates (Witbank) Limited in 1974,
when SA Coal Estates acquired the
entire issued capital of Witbank. +

As can be seen the web of cor-
porate holdings and: cross-holdings
had now become so tangled that it
was decided to rationalise all these
operations.

So the interests of Anglo Power
Collieries, Amalgamated Collieries
of South Africa, Blesbok Colliery,
The Coronation Collieries, New
Largo Colliery, South African Coal
Estates (Witbank) and Transvaal

Coal Corporation were merged into



IJPRS*SSA*86~072
10 July 1986

REFINERY CONSTRUCTION GO-AHEAD--Rustenburg Platinum Holdings has announced
the go-ahead: for the construction of the SAREF refinery on a site close to
the existing mining installations as first reported in The Star last week.
Johannesburg Consolidated Investments, Rustenburg's holding company, has
been appointed principal contractor for the R250 million project, which
will make South Africa completely independent of overseas interests in

the production of refined platinum. A contract for project management and
design services has been awarded to Edward L. Bateman, while construction
of the plant is to begin shortly and it is expected to be fully commissioned
by the first half of 1989. From then on, all Rustenburg's refining will
be moved from the Wadeville plant and the UK Royston plant. SAREF will
use a new precious metal refining process based on solvent extraction
technology which has been tested at a pilot plant in Royston... "Rustenburg
will derive significant benefits from SAREF through a-reduction in the
operating costs of this new process as compared to those presently borne
by Rustenburg at Wadeville and Royston." [Text] [Johannesburg THE ‘STAR
in English 11 Jun 86 p 22] /9327 . 7 . vee

BUILDING JOBS FALL 25 PERCENT--Employment in the construction industry... ©
plunged by about 25% from 402 400 in March last year to 300 000 in’ March
this year, Central Statistical Services figures show. . Figures showed :the
total of those employed in mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity;
transport and communications, fell by 121 413:to 2 747.888 between last.) #<"
March and this January. Total manufacturing industry employment dropped :

by 43 100 to 1 320 700 to end-March. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY: :

in English 10 Jun 86 p 3] /9317 : oF doy < oo

FARM DROUGHT AID-~A ,R262-million relief scheme for farmers in thé drought= »
stricken summer ‘rainfall areas was announced in Cape Town yesterday by

the Minister of Agriculture and Water Supply, Mr Sarel Hayward.  .The

scheme, which includes interest subsidies, production loans and ‘staggering’ *
of debt repayments--for up to 10 years in some cases--will cost about :
R91-million in the 1986/87 financial year and R262-million for the duration’ >
of the plan, according to the statement. It,said the scheme followed accept=
ance by the Government of the Jacobs Committee's recommendations, made :
after representations by the South African Agricultural Union: for continued
financial aid in. the 1986/87 season. The representations were mdde because
of poor crop yields in some summer rainfall areas and the deteriorating °:
financial, position of farmers. | [Text] [Jqhannesburg. SUNDAY TIMES® in’ °.?
English 8 Jun 86 p 15] /9317 re POS Oy

GOLD RESERVES UP 8.9 PERCENT--South Africa's gold and foreign excha
reserves improved marginally in May after a sharp decline the previous. ;
month. By month-end they had risen 8,9% to R3,53bn from R3,23bn. Reserve _
Bank figures released on Friday showed the value of gold holdings increased
to R2,9bn from R2,6bn in April. The increase occurred mainly because of,

a sharp rise in the average price used to calculate the reserves to...
R719,57 from April's R638,13 per ounce. The gold stock in .the vaults

79



282086

JPRS-SSA-86-072
10 JULY 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

[DTIC QUALICY ESPUCTED 3

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL : (ef
‘INFORMATION SERVICE | .
___ ae eme 109
Lo — -—-—__I

Ago



SWAZILAND

Political Balancing Act of Africa's 'Switzerland' Successful
(Robert Lucius; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 2 Jun 86) ..... wee eee

Briefs
Women's Group Now Recognized
Swazi-RSA Dam Planned
Refugees Facing Shortage of Food

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

BLACKS

New Legislation To Have Stabilizing Effect
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 15 May 86) ..

Right-Wing Party Leader Warns Against Talks With ANC
(DIE AFRIKANER, 14 May 86) ..ecsseeee

Pretoria's Conservatives Reject Regional Service Councils
(DIE AFRIKANER, 14 May 86) ..

Local Administration Police Force To Help RSA Police
“(T. Heath; SERVAMUS, Mar 86) ..ccccccecececececee

Integration of Originally White Universities Leading To Unrest
(DIE AFRIKANER, 2 Apr 86) .escecceccuccccccesecccs

Checks and Balances Seen Essential to Democracy
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 15 May 86) ..cecsececcececces

Labor MP Says Community Development Hope for Future
(DIE BURGER, 8 May 86) ....cceccccccecceeccccucccccccecceccuees

Rise of Dual Power, Creation of People's Committees :
(Alex Mashinini; SECHABA, Apr 86) ...cecceecccecceccoeccncceees

Mamelodi Seen Example of Success of People's Power
(Marimuthu Subramoney; DAILY NEWS, 27 May 86) ...ccccseeccccece

AZAPO Condemns Use of 'Necklace,' Advocates
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Jun 86) .......

Columnist on 'Price To Pay for. Freedom,’ Inevitability of 16 June
(Percy Qoboza; THE STAR, 8 Jun 86) ..csccccececes

Briefs
Students Burn Books

18

19

21

23

26

29

31

34

42

4b

45

47



The UCT principal and vice-chancellor, Prof. Stewart Saunders, has also begun to seek financial help from
abroad to blacken the university as quickly.as possible. He and the rector-designate of the University of
West Cape Province, Prof. Jakes Gerwel, visited the United States last year. There, various organizations
promised them a great deal of help. Fifteen organizations attended a so-called “summit conference" to
advance "non-racial" education in South Africa.

Professors Saunders and Gerwel are back in the United States right now for talks with a whole series of
far-left organizations and individuals. Among those they will talk with are the U.S. Assistant Secretary of
State for African Affairs, Dr. Chester Crocker; his deputy, Frank Wisner; the Carnegie Endowment for
Peace; and the Council on Foreign Relations.

One of the things Prof. Saunders is going to propose is to relax admission requirements so that :
non-whites will find it easier to study at the university. The American organizations will no doubt give large
sums of money to permit a larger number of non-white students to study at the UCT.

It is, however, not only the UCT that is working actively for a totally integrated campus. At Witwatersrand
University the number of non-white students is increasing by an average of 10 percent a year, and in 1984
there were already almost 2,000 non-white students on that campus. In the same year 21 percent of the
first year students at Rhodes University were non-white, while the number of non-whites at the University
of Natal is increasing by about12 percent a year.

According to an official publication, SA OORSIG, the number of non-white students on white universities is
increasing by between 10 and 20 percent a year. At that rate, in a few years it will no longer be possible to
describe universities like the UCT, Witwatersrand, Rhodes, and Natal as “white.”

Afrikaner universities are following the example of their English-speaking peers. This year Stellenbosch
University, which some 10 years ago would not play intervarsity against the UCT because the Ikey teams
were mixed-race, will have 400 non-white students. White and non-white students already live together in
at least one hostel. It is the declared policy of the rector, Prof. Mike de Vries, that the Group Areas Act
must be altered to facilitate a "broader" admissions policy (as he calls it).

Pretoria University and the University of the Orange Free State too are following the example of the
‘English-speaking universities. This year both of them have altered their admissions policy to permit them
to admit more non-white students. Itis expected that 20 non-whites will study at Pretoria University this
year.

The government is not just looking on as traditionally white universities are gradually losing their character;
it is actually easing the process by altering its policies. In 1983 it revoked the permit system by which every
non-white student who wanted to study at a white university had to receive approval from the minister
responsible. This was to be replaced by a quota system fixing the number of non-white students at white
universities. This system, however, was never put into effect because the heads of the English- speaking
universities were unwilling to accept it. .

A permit system was kept in effect for some specialized fields of study (medicine, dentistry, etc.) because
the state had spent large sums of money to create facilities at non-white universities. However, this
restriction too was revoked earlier this year, which for all practical purposes has opened the white
universities up to all races, subject of course to approval by the university administrations. At present,
however, there is not a single white university with a policy of admitting only whites. All the universities are,
to varying degrees, on the road toward increasingly multiracial student bodies.

27



/9317

need more investment in East Lon-
don.”

An advantage, he said was that this
would make use of one of the area’s
largest resources, labour, as the work
was labour intensive.

If divestment of major companies
in the area were to continue, result-
ing in people leaving, then the house
builder would suffer as more houses
would come on to the market, he said.

The president of the Master Build-
ers Association, Eastern Cape, Mr
‘Tony Corrall, said the recent slide be-
gan in 1984.

«we're hopefully at rock bottom
and we can only hope that it will im-
prove. We are looking forward to
things getting better. We in Port Eli-
zabeth have a positive attitude for the
future.”

He said a tragedy existed at the ar-
tisan level because when the artisans
left “they left the industry com-
pletely” and did not come back at all.

“In good times, or boom times, we
then experience a shortage of skilled
workers and artisans.”

cso: 3400/009

86



IJPRS*SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

NATION LEADS IN FUEL PRICE INCREASES--House of Assembly--In the two years
from March 1984 to February 1986 South Africa had the highest fuel price
increase among 12 major Western nations, Mr John Malcomess (PFP, Port
Elizabeth Central) said in the House. The fuel price went up 40 percent
in that period. Speaking in debate on the mineral and energy affairs
allocation in the Budget, he said he was not satisfied that officials
monitoring the fuel price were always aware of the Government's stated
commitment to free enterprise. "They should be closely watched by the
Minister (Mr Danie Steyn) and by Parliament," he said. Calling for strong
representation of private enterprise on the Strategic Fuel Fund, he noted
that in 1985 fuel pipelines made a profit of 76 percent on turnover. This
was a further tax on the petrol price and was used to subsidise losses on
the railway passenger services. This and other taxes on fuel had a
"massive effect on inflation," Mr Malcomess said. He described the filling
station rationalisation plan which limits the number of fuel retail
outlets as being "very nice for vested interests but murder for the free
market system." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 Jun 86
p.4] /9317

NEW LIFE FOR KIMBERLEY MINES--Bold new developments by De Beers at
Kimberley's Dutoitspan and Bultfontein mines are expected to extend
mining operations at these mines to 1991. However, details regarding
the influence these will have on the company's eventual shut-down of
mining and dump rewashing operations in the city are not available at
this stage. The mines, both more than 100 years old, are being deepened
in a project that will see a switch to sub-level caving from the long-
established block-caving system of mining. The two mines have for some
years shared a joint shaft system and will continue to do so. However,
mining operations will be taken deeper with the development at each mine
of a spiral roadway--from 760m level at Dutoitspan--rather than by deepening
the shaft. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jun 86 p 23]
/9317

CSO: 3400/1993

81


In phase III (1985-1987) the following, among others, shall be delivered for

4 million DM: Equipment for the motor vehicle maintenance center; 4 Diesel
passenger cars GOLF and one Diesel passenger car JETTA from WW, a jeep 300 GD
from Daimler-Benz; 2 VW-minibuses for accident recording; two more for first
aid and crew transportation; one flat-bed van VW CADDY; one forklift from
Still; 10. BMW-motorcycles R-45; one fully equipped VHF municipal radio network
(1 central radio station; 1 radio substation; 3 relay centers; 310 radio sta-~
tions); one fully equipped telecommunications repair laboratory with measuring
and repair instruments; telecommunication and automotive spare parts; musical
instruments,

Planning for phases IV (1988-1990) and V (1991-1994) is already underway at
the BMVg-Department [not further identified] Rue II 4.

13011/12859
cso: 3420/28



Just from the insight into this mechanism, for the time being one can hardly
answer the question of which threat is greater for the republic today and will
be in 1 or 2 years, the white threat from the Right or the black threat from
the Left. In a fit of anger producing clear vision, Minister of Manpower
Pitie du Plessis brought up their parallelism and their joint functioning for
discussion in the Capetown parliament. Accordingly, there is an obvious
similarity between the political apparatus of the ANC with its "military
_.wing," the "Umkhonto we Sizwe," on the one hand, and the rightest parties with
their military wing, the AWB, on the other. Both groups reject democratic
institutions and the free market system and are fighting for a totalitarian
social order through violent upheaval as well as for the nationalization of
industry. Minister du Plessis has also noticed that, in the ultraright
Afrikaner society with its countless organizations with a "folk-cultural"
objective, a power struggle is under way in the course of the totalitarian
radicalization about the position of the "leader." The present top officials,
Pastor Treurnicht with the conservatives, Jaap Marais with the "Herstigen,"
and Professor of Theology Carel Boshof with the "Volkswacht" are, it appears,
gradually being pushed into the background. Eugene TerreBlanche, the "leader"
of the "resistance movement," seems to be the victorious one. It is
- interesting that before parliament Du Plessis named Ferdi Hartzenberg, the
representative of the conservative party, as the only future rival for
TerreBlanche in another stage of the internal fraternal strife still to be
settled.

9746
cso: 3420/40

51



MOSSEL BAY SEAGAS RESOURCES DESCRIBED

Resources Considered Inexhaustible

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 11 Jun 86 p 8

[Article by Jaap Boekkooi]

[Text]

South Africa’s seagas resources, soon to be exploited
iat Mossel Bay, will last forever, says Soekor gener-

al manager Dr Ken Graham.

Speaking at a seminar, Dr Graham forecast that
the country would discover “more gas much faster
than the present (Mossel Bay) project can use it up”.

Before the Mossel Bay petrol-from-seagas project
is built, Soekor will be busy on another feasibility
study based on totally separate gas reserves off the
south coast — which’ would lead to an expanded
.plant at Mossel Bay or an entirely new plant else-

where.

The Kudu gas field, off the Orange River mouth —
only tested from one well — could prove larger than
the Mossel Bay fieltl. Thus gas and its conversion into
liquid fuels would play “an important role in the
South African energy scene for a very long time”.

It would enable South Africa to become the world
leader in synthetic fuels, and help the country to lead
the rest of the world into “the next gas-based world

energy era”.

Although no decision has been made yet on the pro-
cess to convert Mossel Bay seagas into fuel, there are
three choices — but one is in danger of American

sanctions.

93

JPRS*SSA+86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


MINISTER ON GOVERNMENT AID TO AGRICULTURE

JPRS*SSA*86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Jun 86 p 4

[Article by Gerald Reilly]

{Text]

19317

THE State had to intervene and
plovel in R485m during the past
financial year to avert catastrophe
in agriculture, Minister of Agricul-
ture and Water Supply Sarel
Hayward said in Pretoria yester-

day.

Addressing the biennial congress
of the South African Agricultural
Union (Saau) national co-operative
council, he said government and
the co-operatives were aware of
the desperate position of farmers
as a result of drought and reces-

sion.

He said credit provision which
was in conflict with the basic prin-
ciples of healthy financing had an
adverse impact on farmers’ fi-
nances.

On specialised agricultural fi-
nancing, Hayward said he had pro-
posed an investigation into the
‘merits of a possible merger of the
Land Bank and the Agricultural

Credit Board.

cso: 3400/2000

72

Between 1981 and 1984 agricul-
ture’s asset values increased by
40%, and debt by a huge 147%. The
biggest increase in debt came from
credit provided through commer-
cial banks and co-operatives.

That producers found it increas-
ingly difficult to discharge their
obligations, even in favourable
years, indicated injudicious financ-
ing asa possible important contrib-
uting factor.

He said he had initiated discus-
sions with interested private finan-
cial institutions aimed at formulat-
ing a strategy of credit provision on
a sounder basis.

Stressing the powerful competi-
tive power of the co-operatives,
Hayward said primary co-opera-
tives’ turnover increased from
396m to R2,287bn in the 10 years
to 1984,

Government was ready to lend a
sympathetic ear ‘to problems
caused by ‘tmcontrollable factors
but the State could not be expected
to assume responsibility for hu-
man-factor problems.


The task of community development is to afford people in every village, in
every city, and on every farm the opportunity to identify their own needs and
to determine priorities and to become involved in development through, above
all, self-help programs in order to at last determine their future themselves.
Community development and the concomitant human involvement in it can contri-
bute to the amelioration or partial elimination of poverty conditions that
prevail in communities, while the neglect of them can lead to chronic com-
munity poverty. Every individual, farmer, worker, doctor, teacher etc. has a
responsibility to make a contribution so that the goals of the Population
Development Program can be attained.

"The Population Development Program is promoted by officials who are doing
fieldwork. We call them community developers. And there are too few of them.
We have quite correctly requested the Commission for Administration to author-
ize 120 more positions. We are attempting to place one in each community as
far as is possible. Cities are assigned to various districts, while small
villages are grouped together for this purpose,” says Mr Landers.

13238/9312
cso: 3401/148

33



COLUMNIST ON 'PRIGE TO PAY FOR FREEDOM,’ INEVITABILITY OF 16 JUNE

JPRS«SSA+86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Jun 86 p 4

[Commentary by Percy Qoboza in "Percy's Itch" column]

[Text]

SOUSH AFRICA today
starts what may be the most
painful and cruel week in the
history of this nation.

The rulers of the land lave
completely lost control of the
sane processes of negotiation
and scem tragically helpless
to defuse the situation.

It seems they have settled
for what comes naturally to
them — bringing about order
by the unbridled use of the
bullet and throwing into jail
anybody who even legitimate-
ly questions the morality of
the policies they dare impose
‘on us without our consent.

Uncertainty has become
the order of the day. Insecur-
ity aboiinds. Despondency
has become a national: pas-
time. Despair rules the hearts
of the people. Anger is ravag-
ing the soul of the nation.

Mothers and fathers are

wondering what went wrong.
Children seem determined to
_go.to their cold and lonely
graves’ with dignity as they
strive to bring freedom and
justice to the Iand.-

‘We are truly an_endan-
gered species. A nation that
has shamelessly abandoned
the hope of a future based on
the brotherhood of man and
the promise of a land en-
dowed with the resources to
make life meaningful for all
its children.

45

Our rulers are bent on de-
stroying that dream. A dream
of fulfilling ambitions and
meeting the challenges of our
times as we were meant to ~
in an atmosphere of freedom
and justice.

Our people, with tears in
their eyes and blood dripping
from their hearts, are heading
for June 16. It is a day deeply
engraved in their hearts and
minds. Evoking deep emo-
tional reactions as December
16 does in the hearts and
minds of the Afrikaner.

Yet Law and Order Minis-
ter Louis le Grange has, with
astounding insensitivity, tried
to bury the sense of loss and
mourning we feel on that day.

‘One therefore understands
the deep fires of ‘outrage
burning in our people at the
moment. The ‘Minister has,
more than anybody else be-
fore him, inflicted a bleeding
scar on our souls.

Heaven is our unwavering
witness, we have been beaten
up and we have borne the pain

and returned it with love and
forgiveness.

We have had our freedom
brazenly violated as we are
thrown into filthy prison cells
for no apparent reason, and
we have turned those places
of incarceration into palaces
of hope for a country that will
he free one day.



intelligentsia of his Boer countrymen not to take so literally the renowned
story of the "alliance with God" that the Boers had entered into after their
victory over the Zulus at "Bloodrivier" in 1838 following the example of the
tribe of Israel in the Old Testament. Now, in all seriousness after the
victory of his beer-inspired "storm troops" in brown shirts over the hail
stewards of the National Party on 22 May, TerreBlanche has again sworn. the
"renewal of the alliarice with our God of the Boers," thereby proclaiming
himself, the "son of the people," to be the savior of the Boers. .

As history teaches, insanity is infectious. After the black-white and the
white-black front and the black-black civil war, which exact their dozen
victims daily, the white-white confrontation is now growing almost inexorably
into an open civil war. Parallel to the black-black conflict, in which every
day it is a matter of finding "those betraying the just cause" and of
making examples of them by practicing lynch law in their brutal extermination
in ‘the name of God and the revolution, a "conservative" element of the
Afrikaners is now preparing to find and punish the "traitors" among their
white countrymen in the name of God and the Boers.

In this case, the "treachery" is in seeking the reformistic settlement with
all "races" and "ethnicities" living within the territory of South Africa.
For the government, which continues to adhere to the program of its reforms,
its recent distressing losses of authority and defeats against the AWB have
resulted in a need to rethink several points. In the first place, it will
have to take into account the circumstance that from now on it must fight
against a perverse de facto coalition between the black ANC of the extreme
left and the white ultraright AWB; since both have the common goal of. bringing
about an overthrow in the Republic of South Africa "before the end of this
year," they will likely fight the government for a limited time before they
attack one another, if not coordinated at least with a tacit understanding--
just as lions that hunt together by driving the game toward each other from
different directions.

The Botha government and the "national" party leadership find themselves in a
Weimar dilemma. That they are just now becoming aware of this also has to do
with the fact that their representatives are increasingly divided, both in
regard to the assessment of the crisis and with respect to the means of
handling it. When the full extent of the threat from the Right as well is
just now being realized in the camp of the government and the question
necessarily arises as to which side is most dangerous, then not only must the
vehemence and the magnitude of the respective attacks be considered and
weighed but also the usefulness of the available means and ready defense
mechanisms. When Minister of Law and Order Le Grange so unilaterally
and irresponsibly committed his people to the subjugation of the totalitarian
"Marxist" black rebellion and let them get used to the idea that they are not
subject to any control, then this minister will have to take responsibility
for the fact that his police are not ready for action and are of no use
against the totalitarian "folk" rebellion of the sons of the Boers and that
consequently the right flank remains precariously unprotected. It will not be
possible to employ the Van der Merwe with the gendarmes against the Van der
Merwe with the "storm troops" of TerreBlanche, with those views he sympathizes
anyway and to whom he is secretly considering deserting anyhow.

50



/9317
cso: 3400/004

We have had our loved
‘ones brutally murdered and
we have peacefully taken
them to their last resting
places knowing deep in our
hearts that there is a price to
pay for freedom.

‘Our leaders have spoken,
appeated and begged in the
most clear and unwavering
voices. They have, from the
bottom of their hearts, re-
peated the heartrending an-
gttish of Moses: Let my peo-
ple go hecause all happiness,
human dignity and freedom
comes not from the generos-
ity of governments but from
the hand of God.

In spite of the Law and
Order Mintster, the struggle
for a just society in South
Africa will continue unabat-
ed. We seek a country where
all of its people — black and
white — can be free.

‘The Minister can be as-
sured peace and prosperity
will be achieved, not by the
bullets spouted from the guns
of the army and police, but by
amen and women of goodwill
sitting around the conference
table.

46

And not based on 2 Nation-
alist Party mm but on
the program that emerges

from a government that gov-'
erns with the consent of the
governed. |

Even at this late-stage, I
make an earnest appeal to the
Minister. An I that
comes from the depth of my
heart and based on my fear of
what may happen — rescind
your ban.

You must understand the
deep sense of hurt you have
inflicted on my community
and all other peace-loving
South Africans. The conse-
quences of your actions could
have mind-boggling results
for this country.

‘The future and interests of
this country must rise above
misguided and uninformed
actions like the one you have.
embarked upon.

June 16 is a reality, one
that cannot be wiped away
with the stroke of a bureacra-
tic pen — and the Minister
better beticve that.



ABSENTEE FARMERS PRESENT SECURITY PROBLEM

JPRS“SSA"86-072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Jun 86 p 7

[Article by Linda Ensor]

[Text]

THE RECENT landmine ex-
plosions in the northern and
north-eastern Transvaal have
once again raised the problem
of security in those areas.

As the situation becomes more
threatening, full-time farmers
are beginning to feel antago-
nistic towards absentee far-
mers as they add to their se-
curity burden,

South African Agricultural Union
(SAAU) president Kobus
Jooste said the union was also
concerned about farmers sell-
ing their farms to non-far-
mers,

New government measures to at-

\tract and keep people on their

border farms were expected
soon. Existing incentive
schemes have apparently not
been successful in keeping far-
mers on the Jand.

19317
CSO: 3400/1999

75

Jooste said the new measures
were likely to include rebates
on input costs, improved roads
and reduced interest rates.

National Secretariat of Part-
time Farmers chairman Izak
Fick said there were a mini-
mum of 10 000 part-time or ab-
sentee farmers in the country,
most of them in the Northern
Transvaal or the Cape Karoo.

About 67% of farms in the north
and north-western Transvaal
— mostly wild game and cattle
farms — were occupied by ab-
sentee farmers, Fick said.
Most such farms were uneco-
nomic, as they were too small,
and too far from markets.

Those areas had also been se-
verely stricken by drought.

Fick said research had shown
that 21% of the part-time far-
mers were involved in the
medical field, 20% in law, 13%
in engineering and 7% in
teaching and the civil service.



JPRS«SSA*86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

WORK FORCE AFFECTED BY BUILDING INDUSTRY CRISIS

East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 3 Jun 86 p 9

[Text]

EAST LONDON — The building in-
dustry in East London has received a
mild shock in comparison to other
major centres in the midst of the cur-

, rent crisis in the industry, which has

suffered a 40 per cent reduction in
the workforce.

During the current slump, the East
London area experienced a 21 per

. -cent overall decline from 1984, with a

loss of about 1300 jobs, while 70 000
jobs were lost in the main South Afri-
can centres, :

The decrease in employers regis-

‘tered with the industry in the area

was 22 per cent.

“In the Port Elizabeth area, the in-
dustry faced a 47 per cent drop in
overall work force from September
1985 to March 1986. In the greater
Durban area, more than 17 000 men at
‘all levels of the industry either have
been retrenched or have quit during
the current crisis.

‘The secretary of the Industrial
Council for the Building Industry in
East London, Mr Gerald Reed, said
the highest drop in employees here
occurred in the semi-skilled, or oper-
ator posts, with a 38 per cent decline.
There were about 1000 semi-skilled
workers in 1985 with a decline to 635
by April 1986.

He said the numbers would fluc-
tuate according to what work was
available at the time.

85

The artisan level faced a 29 per
cent decline, followed by a 19 per
cent decline in unskilled labour.

In the Port Elizabeth area, the:

unskilled workers were the hardest’ «

hit with a 35 per cent drop from 7 155
workers in September of 1984 to 4638
at the same period in 1985. In East
London the number of unskilled la-
bourers dropped from 3700 to ap-
proximately 3 000.

At present about 615 artisans were
employed in the East London area in
April this year, compared to 875 in

When asked if brighter prospects
existed for the area, Mr Reed said:
“The government contracts and capi-
tal investments keep the industry on
a level keel. If the government would
release more money for black hous-
ing, and possibly coloured housing,
things would brighten up.” .

,__To a certain extent, the contracting
in this area has been buoyed some-
what by Ciskei and Transkei, the
chairman of the Master Builders As-
sociation in East London, Mr Ian
Friend, said.

However, some contractors would
most likely go under before the indus-
try picked up. He said that some con-
tractors work at cost or even below in
order to survive. ‘

“Our biggest hope is for increased
government spending and the easiest
area would be low-cost housing. We



Should we call them People's Communes? No. What if people ask (as they
will, of course, do) what these communes are? The answer will unavoidably
have to be provided by way of the historical experiences of the Paris
Commune of 1871, which was defeated by counter-revolution. While we value
the rich experiences of the Paris Commune, we should, at the same time,
not live in the memories of the past. This can only: °

"confuse the minds of the people with the distant echo of sonorous phrases
or empty rhetoric. The more we cherish the memory of the Paris Commune,
the less permissible it is to refer to it offhand, without analysing its
mistakes, and the special conditions attending it." (V.I. Lenin, Two
Tactics of Social Democracy) .

We will call them Revolutionary People's Committees, precisely because
they address themselves to the very essence of the popular and democratic
nature of our revolution, which seeks to establish a People's Power.

We will call them Revolutionary People's Committees, precisely because
they address themselves to, and seek to implement, the democratic provisions
of the People's Charter--the Freedom Charter!

Tasks of the Committees

The urgent tasks of these People's Committees is to seek to ‘implement the
provisions of the Freedom Charter, by:

--Organising the masses and transforming the no-go areas into strong mass
revolutionary bases to provide the ground for the growth and development
of our people's army and for the escalation of our people's war,

--Transforming these areas into strong mass revolutionary bases to serve
as organs of insurrection and self-government,

--Ensuring, through action, that the expelled and rejected organs of
apartheid power do not return to these areas,

--Escalating, and spreading to yet unaffected areas, the campaign of making
apartheid unworkable and rendering the country ungovernable, and other
important issues.

It is clear from this that we are far from suggesting that these People's
Committees, where they exist, should implement the democratic provisions
of the Freedom Charter.

Mind-Defying Miracles of the Revolution

We deliberately used the term, "seek to implement" these provisions through
the destruction of the local organs of apartheid power, through the
combination of mass political action with armed struggle. To suggest,
therefore, that these People's Committees cannot be created, let alone
defended, on the basis of arguments that project the superior military

40



JPRS-SSA-86-072
10 JULY 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
BOTSWANA

Chiepe Praises Cuba, Criticizes RSA
(Larona Sedimo; DAILY NEWS, 12 May 86) .......60.

BDF Commander Defends Need To Safeguard Classified Information
(DAILY NEWS, 19 May 86) ...

Merafhe Says Politicians Want To Politicize. BDF
(Larona Sedimo; DAILY NEWS, 27 May 86) ...

World Bank Loan for Selebi-Phikwe Project
(DAILY NEWS, 23 May 86) ...

CAMEROON

Active German Investing Firms To Take Part in Trade Fair
(FRANKFURTER ZELTUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 1 Apr 86) .....

DJIBOUTI

Police Getting Maintenance Shop, Radio Networks From FRG Army
(WEHRDIENST, 7 Apr 86) .ccccccccccccccccccccccceescccsseseescees

ETHIOPIA

New Policy Seen in Release of 67 Church Leaders
(Trond Bo; AFTENPOSTEN, 6 May 86) .occcccccccercnccececceenecces

LESOTHO

Briefs
Highlands Water Project



Permanent Building Society to provide designs--and inexpensive building
concepts--which could be used in the construction of new houses. Prizes
worth thousands of rands are being offered byitthe society. South Africa's
housing backlong is estimated at 420 000 units. In Soweto, the giant
black city adjacent to Johannesburg, the official waiting list for houses
is 19 500 but this figure does not include the many homeless families who,
until recently, were regarded as "illegals." "The Perm" last year spent
R106 million on black housing. It has called for the assistance of
architectural students because it recognises the need for more attractive
homes in the fast-developing black areas. Mr Chris Williams, general ~
manager (marketing) said this week: "We have been doing research and,
working with the Urban Foundation, have identified the problems. What

we want are plans for inexpensive houses which we can make available to
the man in the street." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

14 Jun 86 p 10] /9317 a

cso: 3400/1994

63



JPRS*SSA~86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PARALLELS BETWEEN ANC, ULTRA-RIGHT THREAT ANALYZED
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 4 Jun 86 p 12

[article by Andreas Razumovsky, Johannesburg, in June: "Botha's Right Flank
Unprotected: The 'Folk Movement' Among the Boers Is Becoming a Serious Danger
for the Government"]

[Text] -A few days after their triumphal victory over the Government of South
Africa and its Foreign Minister Pik Botha, who is also the deputy chairman of
the National Party in Transvaal, the rightist "Afrikaaner Weerstandsbeweging"
was allowed to celebrate its "Folk Movement" and its imminent "seizure of
power" unmolested and completely to itself with several thousand supporters in
a sports stadium at the place of their victory in the city of Pietersburg in
the northern Transvaal. It is reported that "German folk songs were sung
before the leader arrived" and one can well imagine the genre of these songs.
They are sung every evening in one club or another in Pretoria. When leader
Eugene TerreBlanche, the simple "son of the people," joined his own people
there, he recalled with emotion the "night of the tear gas": this night will
be commemorated as a South African anniversary and public holiday starting
next year into all of eternity in the "Boer Republic" purged of racial aliens
to be established under his leadership by then, "with force if necessary."

In Johannesburg, an alarmed citizens' committee has put up posters on which
the nazi swastika and the derived three-pronged black "badge of honor" in a
white circle with a red background of the "Afrikaaner Weerstandsbeweging"
(AWB) stand side by side, with an appeal to the president of state. not to
follow the example of Hindenburg in dealing with this "movement." The
English-language newspaper CITIZEN closely connected with the government
warned against the fanatic "extremist movement that threatens to become just
as dangerous as black radicalism that burns houses and people in the
townships"; and the newspaper BEELD, printed in Afrikaans and likewise close
to the "national" party leadership, found that it is indispensable to take
immediate steps "to put a stop to this madness."

The "madness" has existed for some time. It is just that heretofore the
responsible authorities have refused to acknowledge it. The AWB was founded
back in 1973. And as long as 6 years ago, Van Jarsveld, the Afrikaner
professor of history at Bloemfontein University, was literally tarred and
feathered by Terre Blanche's thugs because he had recommended to the young

49.



dollar prices caine off, so recovery was de-

_ layed.
sh l¥Market conditions were also tough in SA.
With customer wariness about our late de-
liveries, quite a lot of imported steel came in
against us.
“The market needed convincing that sup-
ply could be relied on.” *
‘In spite of stainless steel prices weakening

DRAMATIC TURNAROUND

_—_——{Rm)___
1985 1984 1983
606 239 168
66,9 87 -9.6
52,5 0,5 -19,9

Turnover...
Profit before interest and tax..
Profit after tax...

internationally, world volumes were ata
high level . .
ut the bi pact. was in alloys, where
the world’ economic recovery also caused
dollar prices to rise at a time. when sales
volumes were climbing.’ .. -
Finally, says Tennant, “the rand fell out of

How:important.is a cheap rand to MS&A
success?! < : .

“We were helped by the devaluation of the
rand but I always think of currency gains as
funny money,” says Hall,

“When you have the inflation rates we
have you eventually run out of areas where
you can improve productivity. About 40% of
our inputs are subject to administered
prices.” : °

19317
cso: 3400/008

98

“Very few overseas ferrochrome produc-
ers competing against us for share are mak-
ing money. Some producers are now closing
because they can’t compete on. price.

“We also have the advantage of being very
close to our ore reserves and coal supplies.
Many of our competitors have to transport
the chromium ore and that makes them
uncompetitive.

“On the stainless steel side, we believe we
are cost-competitive with most overseas
mills — even though ours is a relatively
small mill by international standards.”

Despite the success of the export drive,
however, MS&A’s executives feel they badly
need an upturn in the local market. Every
Yiable mill in the world requires a stable and
strong domestic market. y

“We saw the local market growing ata
very fast rate back in 1979, and with all the
turmoil we have had in the last four years
the country has probably seen no growth at
all. So a lot of major capital projects were
shelved,” said Tennant.

“We now have a mill that is just waiting
for the local market to recover.”

The decision to build the R200m mill was
justified on a Jocal market of 40 000 tons a
year, with a total production capability of
0 000 tons in the justification. The original
intention was to gradually reduce exports as
the local market grew.

With current production at 90 000 tons a
year, the mill is well poised for local growth.

The mill was designed so that for small
additional capital outlays large incremental
tonnages can be obtained.



SJPRS*€3A-86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LOCAL ADMINISTRATION POLICE FORCE TO HELP RSA’ POLICE
Pretoria SERVAMUS in Afrikaans Mar 86 pp 14, 15

[Article by Capt. T. Heath: "Comrades in the Stuggle"; capitalized passages emphasized in original; first
paragraph is SERVAMUS introduction]

[Text] For over 18 months now South Africa has been plagued by wide-spread, violent riots and
disturbances, so much so that the State President has been compelled to declare a state of emergency in
some districts. “ .

In the struggle to combat the riots and maintain law and order, the SA [South African] Police are in the front
line.

The SA Police carry out their task with distinction against tremendous odds, but coping with this places a
heavy burden on available manpower. This means that fewer policemen are available to carry out general
police duties.

That is why Minister of Law and Order Louis le Grange has proposed to increase the Force's numbers by
some 11,000 in the next few years.

Something which will make an important contribution to helping cope with the burden on the SA Police,
specifically in black residential areas, is the establishment of a Local Administration Police Force (municipal

police).

The Black Local Administrations Act, Law 102 of 1982, provides for local administrations to hire persons to
carry out police functions in black residential areas, under the stipulations of the law.

The purpose of this police force is not at all to take over the SA Police's task, but mainly rather to play a
suporting role in the fight against crime and in the maintaince of law and order.. Already, approval has been
granted for 40 black local administrations and 4,832 positions for law enforcement officals (municipal
policemen).

This police force, under the control of the Ministry of Constitutional development, is responsible for
guaranteeing the security of the residents of its jurisdiction, maintaining law and order and preventing
crime in that area, enforcing regulations under Article 27, and acting as messengers under black customary
law.

The fact that the SA Police consider the municipal police's role as a supporting force to be an important
one is clear from the police's involvement in training the municipal police.

23



JPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RIGHT-WING PARTY LEADER WARNS AGAINST TALKS WITH ANC
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 14 May 86 p 1

[Text] A serious warning not to negotiate with the ANC was addressed to the
government by the leader of the HPN [Reconstituted National Party], Mr Jaap
Marais. The HPN leader sways that negotiations with the ANC would lead to yet
greater destabilization and accelerated momentum toward revolution.

Mr Marais’ warning follows reliable reports that the government is going to
lift the ban on the ANC, is going to enter into negotiations with the organi-
zation, and is going to release the ANC leader, Nelson Mandela, in exchange
for a suspension of violence by the terrorist organization. The NP [National
Party] had previously declared itself willing to hold discussions with the so-
called “nationalistic” part of the ANC.

In an announcement which was released in Pretoria, Mr Marais says that the
“National” Party's contention that one can talk with the "nationalistic" part
of the ANC is a conspicuous excuse for further capitulation to foreign pres-
sure.

"The ANC is a communist organization which is at war with South Africa and at
the same time, according to communist practice, wants to create a revolution
in South Africa.

“Any gesture towards negotiating with the ANC is a recognition on the part of
South Africa that the government sees no chance of winning the struggle
against the ANC and therefore wishes to go to the conference table to make
peace.

“If negotiations with the ANC are entered into, it will only lead to greater
destabilization and increased momentum towards revolution.

“It is not true that the ANC cannot be defeated. It is only the Botha govern-
ment's unwillingness to conclude the terrorist war that allows the war to
continue in this way. If economic measures were taken against Zimbabwe and
Zambia by closing South Africa's borders and providing no rail transport or
fuel to those states, the ANC would be obliged to withdraw, just as in Lesotho
when the South African government acted similarly.

19


JPRS“SSA+86+072
10 July 1986

_SOUTH AFRICA

LABOR MP SAYS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT HOPE FOR FUTURE
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 8 May 86 p 3

[Text] The government's population development program would be very much
more successful if black people, who constitute the overwhelming majority of
the country's populace, had political authority and thus a say in the project
themselves, says Mr Lluwellyn Landers, Deputy Minister of Population Develop-
ment. The 39-year old Mr Landers, Labor MP for Mitchell's Plain, says the
skepticism which some black people have would then be less. It would be
easier to get through to them. Nonetheless great progress is being made with
the program,

South Africa's two greatest challenges are political development and popula-
tion development. And the two go together.

As far as political reform is concerned, a new system must be designed to give
political authority to the black man as well. It is no longer a question of
whether or not, but of how and when. Everyone in the country is talking about
it.

"But even if we devise the very best system, it will not help us much if our
socio-economic conditions are not sound, And the socio-economic conditions
cannot be sound if there are too many people for the country's means.”

In addition, one of the prerequisites for a democratic political dispensation
is, in any case, that there be a certain measure of development and prosper-
ity. Democracy does not flourish where high unemployment, poverty, and back-
wardness reign. A peaceful, orderly, and happy society is only possible if
all the members of a population enjoy an acceptable standard of living and
quality of life.

It does not matter what kind of government is in power in South Africa, .That
government, whether it be left-extremist or right-extremist, will still have
to try to solve the problem of uncontrolled population growth. And if we do
not succeed in time in considerably reducing the birthrate of the South
African populace, the country will be plagued by unprecedented unemployment,
famine, and political unrest.

31



NEW NCW HEAD PLANS TO HELP DETAINED CHILDREN

JPRS*SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 13 Jun 86 p 9

[Article by Kate McKinnell]

[Text]

/9317

Children in detention will be a focus of
Mrs Elinda Bramwell’s energy in ber
new role as National President of the
SA National Council of Women (NCW).

Her recent election to the three-year
position was unexpected, and she is
still trying to adjust to her new role.
But her’ concern for South Africa, par-
ticularly its women - and children,
should well qualify her for the work.

“Our greatest worry at the moment
is about children in detention and the
flood of allegations about their mis-
treatment,” says Mrs Bramwell.

Security laws

She says the Children’s Act states
that children should not be held in pris-
‘ons, and that they should always have
access to social workers. It also :pro-
vides that parents should be kept fully
informed about their children.

“But the security laws have pushed
these provisions aside,” she says. .

_ She says the NCW has and will con-
tinue to petition the Minister of Police
to provide for the safety of children in
detention.

Places of safety where children can
be held are urgently needed, and the
NCW suggests that already existing
buildings should hastily be converted

CSO: 3400/1994

55

to house detained children.

Mrs Bramwell says that with the
acute crisis in South Africa at present,
women's organisations can no longer
stay out of the political field.

“The NCW has been known as a very
moderate organisation, but at the mo-
ment there is no time for being moder-
ate. We will try to listen, and in this
way find out how and where best we
can serve the community,” she says.

‘Mrs Bramwell, who now has 10
grandchildren, has been involved in
child welfare since she first started
work as a’social worker and probation
officer for young girls out of control.

‘Then in 1979, she joined the NCW to
head a Year of the Child committee,
which later became the Committee of
Concern for Children, and worked in
day care.

Under Mrs Bramwell’s guidance, the
committee produced a detailed booklet
on day care facilities in South Africa.

“There is a desperate need for care
of children with working mothers in
the white and particularly in the black
communities,” says Mrs Bramwell.

‘As a member of the national execu-
tive of the South African Association
for Early Childhood Education, she
stresses the importance of high quality

re-school education for children from
disadvantaged homes.



JpRs+SSA786*072
40 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW PLATINUM MINING PROJECT FOR NORTHWESTERN TRANSVAAL

Production Begins in 5 Years

Johannesburg THE STAR (Business) in English 12 Jun 86 p 2

[Article by Gareth Costa]

[Text]

‘The first new SA platinum mine in
more than’a decade was yesterday
given the go-ahead by Gold Fields.
after ‘extensive exploration in the
Rustenburg area proved the viab:
lity of the R560 million project: It
will be Gold Fields’ first major in-
vestment in this area.

GFSA subsidary Northam Plati-
num announced that it has applied
for a precious metals lease, so that
it can begin development on the
new mine ~ which will work the
rich Merensky. Reef.

The lease area is situated next
to Rustenburg’s Amandelbult sec-
tion, between Thabazimbi and
Northam, and will cover a surface
area of about 10 000 hectares.

Contruction begins immediate-
ly, but the mine is only expected to
come into production in five years.
Analysts’ initial estimates of the
mine's life are between 80 and 90
years, based on ore reserve of
163 million tons down to 2700
metres. of Merensky reef being
worked at the initial milling rate
of 150 000 tons a month.

It will be about the same size as
Lonrho’s Western Platinum but
significantly smailer than Gen-
cor's Impala and JCI's Rusten-
burg. ‘The 90° prospecting holes
drilled since 1981 have revealed an
in situ grade of 10,1 g/ton of plati-
num group metals on the
Merensky Reef, while the second-

73

ary UG2 reef has deposits of 8.6

\g/ton and an estimated 319 million

tons of ore.

The mine will be much deeper
than ‘other platinum producers in
the Bushveld complex -- 2000
metres at the number one shaft
and 1670 metres at the number
two -- so fears are that costs will
be high. But GFSA chairman Mr
Robin Plumbridge says that other
platinum producers | should be
down to that depth in five years,
so working costs will be more
comparable.

The finance for the mine will be
raised through a rights issue to
Northam — shareholders, which
comprise GFSA, Cons Gold Fields
in London with 12,5 percertt and
sundry others.

Mr Plumbridge says that GFSA
will contribute its share of the
capital from internal funds. He
does not expect the outlay to af-
fect the group's cash position, and
dividends will still be maintained
at current distribution ratios.

GFSA will provide bridging fi-
nance. As part of the rights issue,
Northam will seek a JSE listing.

Mr Plumbridge says that drill-
ing of the number two shaft should
begin in about six months, but they
have not decided whether Shaft
Sinkers or outside contractors will
do the work. The collar work will
begin mediately.



uniform is easy to pick out and noticeable, which emphasizes their presence. As their numbers increase,
the municipal policemen will by their very presence play a larger and larger role in preventing crime and
thus tremendously ease the task of the SA Police. Because they themselves live in the residential areas,
they are very closely involved in their communities. They know the residents and.can "pick up signals" in
advance, Christiani says. They will also find it easier to win the confidence of the residents. They will be
the eyes and ears of the SA Police in the residential areas and play an important role as informants.

There must be close cooperation between the municipal police and the SA Police. It is necessary to win
their confidence and convince them that they have a large and important role to play in maintaining law and
order and internal security, that their cooperation is appreciated and thought important, and that they are
considered FULL-FLEDGED comrades in the struggle.

There WILL be those who react negatively to this new era in police work. Only a fool, however, would
summarily dismiss their contributions as insignificant. It can work. According to Christiani, it has already
been proved in practice. There are more applicants than can be accommodated at this time. They are. .
carefully sifted and selected. Those who are finally accepted have a very positive attitude toward national
security and other aspects of their task in maintaining law and order, Christiani says.

Now it is the task of the SA Police to give these men the right leadership and encouragement, so that they

can be as effective as possible. Encourage good attitudes and mutual relations. It can only be to the good
of ourselves and of our country and its people as a whole.

12593
CSO: 3401/147

25



not interchangeable, and
are responsible to differ-
ent managements.

Costly salvage

WHILE the doomed bulk-
er Kapodistrias sits on
Thunderbolt Reef, a total
loss of both hull and
cargo, salvors in Austra-
lia who succeeded in re-
floating a ship from a
similar situation may in
the end have increased
rather than reduced the
Joss to insurance.

Seen on the TV news a
few weeks ago in South
Africa, the Indian bulker
Jhansi Ki Rani with a coal
cargo for Japan ran
aground on the Great
Barrier Reef. She flooded
double-bottom tanks and
some holds, and required
costly salvage enterprise
to refloat.

Because the cargo was
regarded as important,
the damaged spaces were
blown out by compressed
air and the ship was suc-
cessfully retrieved. But
through the tattered bot-
tom plating more than
15 000 tons of coal poured
out to the seabed,

/9317
CSO: 3400/009

After temporary patch-
ing, the ship must be
towed to Japan for dis-
charge, or possibly to
Singapore, and because of
the surplus of bulkers to
demand the 11-year-old
ship may not be regarded
worth reconstruction in a
shipyard.

Some people believed
that the Kapodistrias was
abandoned too soon on
Thunderbolt Reef when
the machinery spaces
flooded last August and
the salvors, who had al-
ready spent a formidable
sum, abandoned their “No
cure-no pay” contract.
Without power to drive
pumps, and with prospect
of the ship sinking if suc-
cessfully refloated, the
salvors quit.

But if the Kapodistrias
by good luck did refloat,
where could the tugs take
her for a safe anchorage?
She would have been too
deep to enter the habour,
and would require consid-
erable temporary patch-
ing to enable towage to a
repair port.

She is probably better
off where she is.

91

Recalling the final at-
tempt last August to re-
float the Kapodistrias,
Captain Di Davies, who
was in charge of the sal-
vage operation, this week
said that he had hoped the
recovery of the ship and
cargo would have been his
best birthday gift ever.

The salvors had re-
gained considerable buoy-
ancy in the ship and she
was responding to the
haulage by the tugs John
Ross and Causeway
Adventurer in a rising
gale.

“My heart sank when
my “engineer colleague
phoned from the engine
room to report that sea-
| water was streaming in
uncontrollably, seven
pumps were proving inad-
‘equate, and all power
» would soon be lost. That
was the end of my birth-
day present,” Captain
Davies said with a laugh.

A rock had pierced the
engineroom plating, and
at the same time the John
Ross touched bottom aft,
and her loss would possi-
bly have been even more
serious than the Kapodis-
trias.



The DEG has a minority interest in Cameroon Shipping Lines S.A. and has
granted a loan with certain ownership rights of 5 million DM to finance an
expansion investment. Majority ownership of the Cameroon shipping line is
held by the nation's government and the state development bank Société
Nationale d'Investissement (SNI), Yaoundé. German technical partner is the
Unimar Satransportgesellschaft mbH, Hamburg. The DEG also holds an interest
in the two textile firms Cotonniére Industrielle du Camerous S.A. (Cicam), ©
Douala-Bassa, and Société Camerounaise pour la Fabrication des Tissus
Synthetiques S.A. (Syntécam), Douala-Bassa. Cicam is engaged in the manu-
facture of cotton textiles, Syntecam operates a synthetics weaving mill.

In spite of strong French competition, Cameroon, when importing color tele-
vision, decided in favor of the German PAL-system (AEG-Telefunken). The order
for the import of color television was received by a German-French consortium
to which belong the Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart, and the two French Firms
Thomson-CSF and Sodeteg. The division Television Systems of Robert Bosch GmbH
in Darmstadt is responsible for the entire video-technical equipment. The
order value for the German firm amounts to 74 million DM in round figures.

The Bosch supply schedule includes, among others, six transmission vans and
generators for independent power supply, as well as the furnishing of eight
studios, Within the framework of the project scheduled to be completed in
1986, the Robert Bosch GmbH has also agreed to train specialized personnel.

In February 1986 the FRG has granted Cameroon a capital aid loan in the amount
of 12.9 million DM for radio equipment for the railroad system (Regie Nationale
des Chemins de Fer du Cameroun-Refigercam, Douala). The project, which re—
quires a total capital investment expenditure of 30.3 million DM, comprises the
installation of train radio telephony for the transcameroon train Douala~
Yaoundé-Ngaoundéré and of a VHF-directional radio link for the section Yaoundé-
Ngaoundéré, as well as telephone and telegraph systems. The balance is
financed with a financial credit from the Credit Institute for Rehabilitation
(KfW), Frankfurt. Work on the project is scheduled to start in mid-1987.

In 1983, a German capital aid was advanced in the amount of 65 million DM for
completion of the section Eséka-Maloumé (32 kilometers) of the trans~cameroon
railroad which is executed on a new line and includes three tunnels. Prior to
that, three sections Yaound6-Maloumé (1978), Douala-Edéa (1981) and Edéa-Eséka |
(1982) had already been rerouted and started up. Following completion of
these three sections a German-Italian consortium, to which Hochtief AG, Essen
and Costruzioni Generali Farsuri (Cogefar), Milano, belong, also received the
order for the fourth and final section, where earth- and tunnel-construction
work is progessing on schedule. Another name on the list of German construc-
tion firms active in Cameroon is Dyckerhoff & Widmann AG (Dywidag), Munich.
This company has recently completed the installation of the International Air-
port Garoua with airplane hangars, parking and service areas as well as admin-
istrative buildings. In the meantime Dywidag has started construction of a
bridge over the river Faro. In both projects the Dywidag and Dr Ing Trapp &
Co. Construction GmbH, Wesel, worked as a team. The latter firm, which previ-
ously had already completed road construction projects in Cameroon, is repre-
sented in Cameroon by a subsidiary and had taken charge of the airport project.
The Thyssen Henschel Company, Kassel, supplied three telescopic gangways for
the Garoua airport with the extraordinary length of up to 47 meter.



JPRS«SSA*86+072
10 July 1986

Ee IC

ati

The new mine will be si

jated just north of Northam

in the area shaded black on the map.

Employment for Over 5,000

[Article by Erik Larsen]

cso: 3442/002

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Jun 86 p 1

74

[Excerpt]
GOLD FIELDS of vaal, It covers an area of ;said Mr Plumbridge yes-
South Africa is to em- 10 314 ha. terday.
bark on a R559 million Gold Fields owns 78,2 The mine would be a
platinum mining pro- percent of Northam Plati- “major and very signifi-
ject which will provide num. The balance is wn cant high-grade platinum
employment opportu- ed by a syndicate, phic source.”
tos for more. than approached Gold Fields a ;
oe in 1981 and asked if it was Gold Fields will now
5.000. interested in a platinum make application, under
‘This was announced exploration programme. the Mining Rights Act,
yesterday by Mr Robin Construction at the for a precious metals
Plumbridge, chairman mine will commence im- leas
and chief exccutive offi- mediately and the new ling the approval in
cer of Gold Ficlds. mine is scheduled to be- principle of this lease by
‘The Northam Platinum gin production in five the Minister of Mineral
Minc, as it is to be years. . and Energy Affairs, Mr
known, is situated be- “It is an important in- Danie Steyn, Gold Fields
twcen the towns of North- vestment at a time .when has undertaken to pro-
am and Thabazimbi in the this country needs invest- duce the necessary bridg-
North-Western Trans- ment pretty desperately,” ing finance,
/9317



JPRS*SSA*867072
10 July 1986

remained virtually unchanged at 4,06bn ounce from April's 4,08bn. ‘This
suggests that no gold swaps were done to beef up reserves. The Reserve
Bank can outher use the forward market to generate dollars or it can do

a swap. The May balance on liquid foreign currency was slightl: i

at R479,1m (R471,1m) after reserves had dropped 18% in april. Fores
Reserves have been dwindling in recent months with the heavy debt repay-
ments and continued leakages on the capital account. [Text] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Jun 86 p 3] /9317

FOREIGN DEBT REPAYMENTS--About $2,lbn might flow from SA in 1986 in repayment
of foreign debt both inside and outside the standstill net, the Financial
Director-General Chris Stals said yesterday. Speaking at a meeting of the SA
British Trade Association, he said the outflow would only be slightly less
than the estimated current account surplus on the balance of payments of
$2.3bn in 1986. This left little scope for any artificial stimulation of
economic growth beyond a rate of about 3%, unless SA succeeded in raising new
foreign loans. "An economic policy that would increase the rate of infla-
tion in SA or that would put undue pressures on the balance of payments,
would certainly be frowned upon by the foreign creditors. "They may not

have that much clout in putting political pressures on SA, but in considering
a possible extension of the Interim Debt Settlement Arrangement early next
year, they will certainly be influenced to a very important extent by the
economic developments in the country." The process of political and social
reform had to continue and would have an important bearing on the outcome

of next year's negotiations with creditors, he said. {Text] [By Gerald
Presalendis] {Johannesburg. BUSINESS. DAY in English 23 May 86 p 3] /9274

U.S. CHEMICAL COMPANY TO LEAVE-—New York--U.S. chemical company Rohm and Haas
is pulling out of SA--but strictly for economic reasons, it insists. It is
selling its SA subsidiary to local interests because the operation has been
marginally profitable for some years and the chances of improvement look slim,
said a spokesman. He said "social pressures" were not a factor. The decision
was taken "in view of the state of the economy in SA." Buyers include the
subsidiary's present managers. Terms were not disclosed, but the company-~
which makes industrial and agricultural chemicals--said it would make a loss
of about $2,7 m in its second quarter in connection with the sale. The unit,
whose net assets were said to be under $10 m, employs about 100 people at its
Heriotdale premises near Johannesburg. The units $llm turnover represents a
fraction of Rohm and Haas's $2,000m in international sales. {Text ] [By Richard
Walker] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 May 86 p 3) /9274

80



JPRS«SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

BOTSWANA

BDF COMMANDER DEFENDS NEED TO SAFEGUARD CLASSIFIED INFORMATION

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 19 May 86 p 1

[Text]

/9317

cso: 3400/012

GABORONE: The
Commander of the Botswana
Defence Force (BDF), Major-
General Mompati. Merafhe
has reacted angrily to an
article ina weekly newspaper
of May 10 Mmegi wa Dikgang
analysing the implications of
the National Security Act on
the publication of information
about the BDF.

Inanopenletter addressed
to the Editor of Mmegi wa
Dikgang, Major-General
Merafhe says he was puzzled
to note that the article seeks
to question the need to
protect information may be
common knowledge ant that
the taxpayers who maintain
the army, aré entitled to know
what is happening in the
army.

He drew the attention of
the paper to the fact that the
BDF was a small defence
force and that its survivay
depended on the inability of
its adversaries to know its
capabilities In terms of
equipment, development,
manpower and other details.
He said it therefore followed
that information relating to
these matters should be
protected by law, and that in

the absence of the present
National Security Actnosuch
legal protection exists.

Major General Merafhe said
It would be ‘the height of
irresponsibility to allow
information relating to the
activities of the BDF to be
marketed freely for whatever
reasons.

The “commander also _

challenged the paper's
assertion that some of the
Information ts published in
some publication like the
London Institute of Strategic
Studies. He said this assertion
was nonsensical because that
information, most of which is
inaccurate, is not legitimately
obtained from the BDF.
Major-General Merafhe
said the National Security
Act will therefore check the

activities of Individuals who -

collaborate with any
publisher who publishes

“information which is

detrimental to the security of
the BDF. He wondered why
someboby should be eager
to publish the “flying range
of the BDF planes,” if the
information is common
knowledge.



JPRS*SSA~86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

HOTELS FEELING PINCH--As overseas visitors continue to shun SA, hotels in
Johannesburg have been hardest hit. Total real income for March fell a
massive 38,8%, compared with March last year. Room occupancy dipped
dramatically by 27%. Figures released by the Bureau of Financial Analysis
at the University of Pretoria show that Pretoria hotels also fared badly,
with total real income for March dropping by 33,9%. Fred Thermann, execu-
tive director of the Federated Hotel, Liquor and Catering Association
(Fedhasa), attributed the slump to the foreign tourist stayaway. He said
the fall off in the number of visitors was also hitting restaurateurs who
were fighting for survival. Statistics for hotels in the PWV area showed
a drop of 28,4% in real income and 23,7% in occupancies. The only hotels :
which bucked the trend were in the Drakensberg region where increases of
17,4% in income and 9,2% in occupancy were recorded. [Text] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Jun 86 p 3] /9317

U.S. ORGANIZATION TO HELP BLACKS--The International Executive Service

Corps (IESC), a US business consultancy organisation operating in more than
70 developing countries, is to open an office in SA. This follows a visit
to SA last month by a delegation from the Corps led by director Tom Carroll.
The organisation will concentrate on what it calls the "deprived communi—
ties"--blacks, coloureds and, to a lesser extent, Asians. Commercial
section head at the US consulate in Johannesburg, Ben Brown, said the organi-
sation had decided to open an office once it had established several
factors--that black businesses would welcome the Corps, that there were
enough to need executive consultancy and that executives would not be in
physical danger. The IESC is a non-profit making, private organisation
sponsored by many US clue chip companies and is operated by retired execu-
tives. Executives from all types of companies are brought in for two to
three month consultancies on a voluntary basis. They are partly funded

by the Corps, partly by the company requiring advice and sometimes partly
by US Aid funds. Brown says he expects executives will be brought from the
US initially, but hopes that a pool of retired SA executives will develop.
The SA Institute of Directors already has a list of retired executives _
from which it says the IESC could draw people for consulting jobs. The
first SA director will be Houghton Halleck, who was previously IESC
director in Morocco. The IESC believes that if it had an SA presence,

it could have saved Black Chain. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 4 Jun 86 p 3] /9317

78



FERROUS CASTING SECTOR PRODUCTION DOWN

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Jun 86 p 3

[Excerpt]

/9317
CSO: 3400/016

A MAJOR output drop of 31% in the automotive
‘component industry has sent production figures for
the ferrous casting sector sliding downwards.
With no turnaround scen for 1986, the sector is
fiercely competitive and the industry utilisation
level is substantially below normal production.
Results of a Steel and Engineering Industries
Federation of SA (Seifsa) report show that produc-
tion dropped from a peak of 601 800 tons in 1975 toa
Jow of 295500 in 1985, a decrease of 50,9%. Com-
ared to 1984, this reflects a drop of 17,7% in total
onnage.
Figures released (see table) by Seifsa reflect the
volume-sensitive nature of the industry and its reli-
ance on strong activity levels in the mining, building

and construction sectors.
A spokesman for' Seifsa said several foundries

made strenuous efforts during 1985 to develop an

export market in quality castings.
“Despite the weakness of the rand, penetration of

foreign markets proved difficult.”
He said drops of 19% in both the machinery and
transport equipment sectors had resulted in severe

cutbacks in demand.

“Notwithstanding the large under-demand for
castings, a number of SA foundries have embarked
on new technology developments.

“This will put them in a position to meet’ any
turnaround in demand for high-quality products.”

89

JPRS*SSA*86-072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



19317

editors and journalists
and because of the activi-
ties of the Directorate for
Publications.There was
political censorship of the
Press, but’ the English-
language newspapers fre-
quently criticised the
Government.

Suspected opponents of
the Government were
subjected to constant sur-
veillance, and South Afri-
cans were not free from
mail censorship or tele-
phone tapping.

South Africa showed
greater respect for inde-
pendent book-publishing
— earning a qualified
“Yes” — but The Guide
pointed out that indepen
dence was guaranteed for

cso: 3400/1994

only as long as publishers
did not commit offences
under the security or the
race laws.

South Africans,. The
Guide said, did not enjoy
freedom from serfdom,
slavery or forced child-
labour; they did not enjoy
freedom from “extra-ju-
dicial” killings or disap-
pearances, they were

subject to torture or’

coercion by the State and

they did not enjoy freedom from compulsory

work permits or conscripted labour.

They were not free to travel in their own coun-
try, travel outside their country, peacefully asso-
ciate or assemble, teach ideas and receive infor-

mation.

However, they enjoyed qualified freedom to
monitor human rights and to publish and educate

in ethnic languages.

57



A GARLAND |
OF FLOWERS
FOR SOWETO

| SOWETO
‘JUNE 16

19317
cso: 3400/1995



The country is small, to be sure, but it has strategic importance in its
boundary -position between South Africa and that country's other “black
neighbors. “An’indieator for this could be the at tims strong ‘American
presence. Industry has also recognized this. In recent months, more and more
enterprises ‘have established themselves in Swaziland. There are waiting lists
for developed industrial sites. .

Firms that are being frightened off by the disinvestment campaign against
Pretoria’and the political uncertainty there are moving to Swaziland. This is
especially true. for companies from the Far East. There are no calls for
boycotts there as in South Africa. Swazi Minister of Commerce Von Wissell--
his’ ancestors ‘initially emigrated from Germany to South Africa in the last
century and then to Swaziland--thereby rejects the withdrawal of investments
from South Africa (disinvestment) and sanctions against Pretoria. Swaziland
would possibly suffer more under this than South Africa; its economy and well-
being are dependent upon its large neighbor. Nothing is changed by the fact
that in April Mbabane withdrew from the monetary union with South Africa and
Lesotho. It is a constant balancing act that has given Swaziland~-compared
with other African nations--economic prosperity and made possible tranquillity
in its daily life. Thus the kingdom is also called the "Switzerland ‘of
Africa": neutral, oriented to the West, isolated and hardly noticed, because
everything is going rather well.

9746 :
csO: 3420/38

15



yprs-SSA7867072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

AZAPO CONDEMNS USE OF 'NECKLACE,' ADVOCATES

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Jun 86 p 6

[Text]

/9317

USING strong language, vari-
ous leaders of the Azanian Peo-
ple's Organisation (Azapo) and
its related bodies yesterday
condemned the “necklace” and
its advocates.

The organisations said they
had never used the “necklace”
and would never advocate or
condone its tise — “it is only
used by our ideological oppo-
nents against us and other
blacks. Which one among the
oppressors has ever been neck-
laced?”

At the same time, the groups
reiterated their denunciation of
a national convention to decide
the country’s constitutional fu-
ture, and vowed that “even if
necklaces and bullets are used
to force us to agree to their
terms, they will not succeed.
We shall see to that”.

Speakers were adamant that
former Robben Island prisoner
and Azapo member, Mr Martin
Tebogo Mohau, at whose funer-
al the fiery attacks were made,
was killed by ideological oppo-
nents of Azapo and the BC
stand. A national organisation
and its Soweto-based affilliate
catering for students, were

cso: 3400/004

4h

named by every speaker as
having been “totally” responsi-
ble for Mr Mohau’s death.

A poignant moment came at
the graveside when pieces of
tyre which were found on Mr
Mohau’s remains were lowered
with the coffin, as well as a
spadeful of soil from the spot
where he died.

Mr Mohau was murdered on
the way back from the furieral
of another Azapo member,
Sipho Mngomezulu, who had
himself been abducted and
murdered.

After the funeral a false tip-
off was received that the home
of Azanian Students Movement
executive member, Mr Thami
Mcerwa, was being attacked.

A short while later mini-
buses fult of soldiers stopped a
catload of youths whom they
ordered to stand with their
hands raised.

The soldiers searched the
group and their car and.then,
accompanied by a number of
police vehicles which soon ar-
rived on the scene, drove off
with the youths.



JPRS*SSA*86%072
10 July 1986

RED MEAT BOYCOTT--Bloemfontein--Black consumers in the Bloemfontein area
are to boycott red meat from Monday at the request of representatives of
various black unions in the city. About 90 percent of local businessmen
are backing the boycott, which results from the abattoir's refusing to
recognise the workers’ union and dismissing the entire black work force
following a recent strike. Butcheries in the township will sell chicken
only. Shops and supermarkets have agreed to stop selling chicken to keep
the butcheries functioning. If the abattoir fails to reinstate the black
work force, a consumer boycott of white businesses will be launched.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jun 86 p 10] /9317

NO 'NECKLACE' IN TRANSKEI--Umtata--There had been no incidents of necklacing
in Transkei, according to a Transkei, according to a Transkei police spokes-
man. He said Transkei police had not received instructions to "necklace"
people found "necklacing" others. He was commenting on a radio broadcast
quoting the Prime Minister, Chief George Matanzima, as saying the police
would be instructed to do so. Chief Matanzima was not available for
oan See [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 12 Jun 86 p 7]

9317

cso: 3400/004

48



19274
cso:

3400/1909

ised basis although bargaining at local
level had become “increasingly important”.
C Last year saw the formation of a pow
erful 400 000-strong confederation of
unions, Cosatu, which had 100000 more
members than the long-established Tucsa.

The paid-up membership of the 196 regis-
tered unions (up by three on 1984) de-
creased by one percent last year involv-
ing about 14 percent of the economically
active population.

With membership of unregistered unions,
the percentage of unionised economically
active people increased to 18 percent.

There were 68 unregistered trade unions

with an estimated membership of betwecn
300 000 and 500 000. ‘
O The real earnings of all employecs
dropped by 3,2 percent last year with
whites suffering the hardest knock of five
percent, against 2,4 percent by coloureds,
4,2 percent for Indians and 0,9 percent for
blacks.

77



JPRS“SSA~86+0
10 July 1986

ETHIOPIA

NEW POLICY SEEN IN RELEASE OF 67 CHURCH LEADERS
Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 6 May 86 p 12
[Article by Trond Bé: "Ethiopian Church Leaders Set Free'']

[Text] Sixty-seven Ethiopian church leaders from Wollega Province were set
free from prisons on Sunday, 4 May. Several of them had sat in prison since
1980. Among those who were released is the former synod president of the
West Synod of the Mekane Yesus Church, Olana Lamu.

"Our missionaries in Ethiopia express the fact that they now perceive a
positive. change in the authorities’ attitude toward the church. Sunday, 4 May,
is Easter Sunday according to the Ethiopian calendar," Norwegian Mission
Society Information Chief Halvor Ingebretsen says to AFTENPOSTEN.

Several of the 67 church leaders have sat in prison for almost six years
without trial and sentencing. Church President Olana Lamu and five of his
closest associates were arrested on 12 September 1982 on the eighth anniver-
sary of the Ethiopian revolution. They were accused of having written
posters with anti-revolutionary slogans in the city of Bodji in West Ethiopia,
where the synod leadership had its offices. An investigation commission
appointed by the Ethiopian government later found that the church leaders
were innocent of the charges, but the church leaders were nevertheless not
set free. After the government commission found the charges groundless, the
opposition by the local authorities and officials against the church in West
Ethiopia assumed a more general nature.

Seven Thousand Imprisoned

A report which was published by the church news bureau, the All-Africa Press
Service (APS), earlier this year indicates that almost 7000 Christians have
been imprisoned in Ethiopia. The APS report points out that some of the 7000
were arrested because of political underground activities in the rebel organ-
ization, but this does not cover the authorities’ systematic acts of tyranny
against the church all the way from 1977. As part of this, the country's
authorities have imprisoned almost 7000 Christians and confiscated about
2000 churches.

10



JPRS*SSA*86°072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

AD APPEALS TO WHITES TO USE FLOWERS IN SUPPORT OF SOWETO DAY

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 6-12 Jun 86 p 13

[Text]

The 16th of June: What is it about?

The 16th June is remembered for those black
students who in 1976 died in an attempt to
change the ways in which they were being
taught. Ten years later the spiral of violence and
oppression continues.

White South Africans who care

Many white South Africans feel a profound sense
of sadness and shame at what happened in
Soweto in 1976, and al what continues to happen
in 1986, and would like to express this in some
way. Normal avenues of communication have
been closed and so we search for a gesture to
show black South Africans that we care. and that
we too would like to see the creation of a just and
open society in this country.

A flower as a symbol — cut out and display
3 a symbol of your acknowledgement of the

suffering in Soweto and elsewhere, we urge’ you

to cut out the flower in this advert, colour it yellow,
and stick it in the window of your car or some
other prominent place. We hope that from today.
until the 16th June thousands of people will, by
this act. show their belief that June 16th is a time
when all South Africans should be in mourning.

Send flowers to Soweto

Asaway of saying to the people of Soweto: “We
care, and we mourn with you ...." help us create

a garland of flowers for Soweto. On the 14th and
45th of June bring fresh flowers cither to your
local church or synagogue, or to one of the
following depots where flowers will be collected
from the Johannesburg area. On Monday 16th
these flowers will be taken to the entrances to
Soweto. In addition tag your flowers with your
message to the people of Soweto and encourage
each member of your family to do likewise

The following depots will be open between 9am
and 7pm on the 14th and 15th June in order to
reccive your flowers: Berea Methodist Church,
40 St John Road, Houghton; Holy Trinity
Catholic Church, Bertha Street, Braamfontein;
St Columba’s Presbyterian Church, 45 Lurgan
Road, Parkview; St Michael's, Cnr Bryanston
Drive and Mount Street, Bryanston; Temple
Emanuel Centre, 38 Oxford Road, Parktown;
Trinity Methodist Church, Cnr 5th Avenue and
5th Street, Linden; Temple Shalom, Louis Botha
Avenue, Highlands North.

Rabbi Adi Assabi, Chairman of Rabbinic Council,
United Progressive Jewish Congregation of
Johannesburg, Temple Shalom; The Very
Reverend Duncan Buchanan, Anglican Dean of
Johannesburg; Mrs Jennifer Kinghorn, Society
of Frierids; Reverend Alan Maker, Immediate
Past Moderator of the Presbyterian Church;
Rabbi Dr Norman Mendel, Temple Emanuel;
Bishop Reginald Orsmond, Catholic Bishop of
-Johannesburg; Reverend Ronald Steel,
Chairman, Central Region, United
Congregational Church; Reverend Peter
Storey, ex-President of the Methodist Church.

52



Minister on Government Aid to Agriculture
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Jun 86) ....ccccccesccecccccees

New Platinum Mining Project for Northwestern Transvaal
(THE STAR, 12 Jun 86; THE CITIZEN, 12 Jun 86) .....ceeeeeeeeces

Production Begins in 5 Years, by Gareth Costa
Employment for Over 5,000, by Erik Larsen

Absentee Farmers Present Security Problem
(Linda Ensor; BUSINESS DAY, 5 Jun 86) ....ccececececccccccceces

Factors Leading to Increase in Unemployment Discussed
(Bruce Cameron; THE DAILY NEWS, 15 May 86) ..ccecesccescceecees

Briefs
Hotels Feeling Pinch
U.S. Organization To Help Blacks
Refinery Construction Go-Ahead
Building Jobs Fall 25 Percent
Farm Drought Aid
Gold Reserves Up 8.9 Percent
Foreign Debt Repayments
U.S. Chemical Company To Leave
Nation Leads in Fuel Price Increases
New Life for Kimberley Mines

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Stakes Getting Higher as Country Beats Arms Bans
(Michael Morris; THE STAR, 31 May 86) ...

Engineering Sector Launches Export Drive
(Malcolm Fothergill; THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Jun 86) ...cccececeeces

Work Force Affected by Building Industry Crisis
(DAILY DISPATCH, 3 Jun 86)°.....

Computer Industry Expanding Rapidly
(Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 8 Jun 86) ...

Diversification of Port Elizabeth Industry Noted
(EVENING POST, 28 May 86) ...ececseccecesccccceccenseceeceacees

Ferrous Casting Sector Production Down
(BUSINESS DAY, 9 Jun 86) \..ccceceneeccncccccuncccccccnteeseeees

National Oil Rig Tenders Replace Foreigners
(George Young; EVENING POST, 30 May 86) ..ccccsuceccccececcedes

72

73

73

75

76

78

79

79

79

79

80
80

81

82

84

85

87

88

89

96


INVESTMENT TRUST FUND FORMED TO HELP BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Jun 86 p 19

[Text]

THE Greater Soweto
Chamber of Commerce
and Industries (GSCCI)
and Barclays National
Bank have formed an in-
vestment' ‘trust fund to
provide - financial assi-
tance and training. to
black entreprencurs.

This was announced at
the weekend by the presi-
dent of the GSCCI, Ma-
kana = Tshabalala and
Chris Ball, managing di-
rector of. Barclays Nat-
ional Bank. .

“The GSCCI has for
Jong been secking ways of
enabling its members ‘to.
participate: fully in econ=
omic growth and we are
very enthusiastic about
this new venture,” Mr
‘Tshabalala said.

Mr Ball s “Barclays
is actively committed to
the development of Black
business and regards it as
natural to join with the
Soweto chamber to assist
black business.”

/9317
cso: 3400/1991

Mr Tshabalala said the
objectives of the trust
fund — to be known as
the Soweto Investment
Trust Company Ltd (Sit-
co) - were:

@ to channel funds
into Black business to de-
velop black entrepreneu-
rial skills;

@ to provide an oppor-
tunity for Black people to
take part in the develop-
ment of commercial and
industrial projects; and

©@ to identify and pro-

vide much needed advi-

sory services to Black en-
“ trepreneurs. .

Barclays has put up

R2,5 million to faunch
Sitco, whose board of di-
réctors will be appointed
by a Black trust which will
own the company.
“Although Barclays
has been the first com-
pany to put in money to
get the company going,
both Barclays and the
GSCCI are tooking for-

69

IJPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ward to investments from
other organisations and

" sources also committed to

seeing Black _ business
coming into its own,” Mr
Ball said.

Mr Tshabalala said: A
priority of Sitco would be
to assist smaller black cn-
trepreneurs who often
found it difficult to raise
even the capital they
necded for development.

“We envisage that
some of the finance will
be put into venture ¢api-
tal to allow, the company
to provide financial assist-
ance to enterprises which
have nowhere to turn to
at present.”

The structure of the
trust company had been
designed to ensure that
the . Black community
would always retain own-
ership of the project while
the funding of the organi-
sation would be by way of
loans “and preferred
shares, Mr Tshabalala
emphasised.



At present municipal police are being trained at the following spots, nationwide, under the supervision and
leadership of the SA Police:

SA Police Hammanskraal, East Cape Development Council (Port Elizabeth), SA Transport Services
(Kirkwood-Slagboom), Kathlehong (Germiston), Soweto (Johannesburg), Zeerust (Mokhutu), SA Army
(Lenz), Sebokeng (Vanderbijlpark), Bloemfontein (Iswopele), and Natalia (Wentworth).

A training committee was established, consisting of a representative from the Ministry of Constitutional
Development and Planning, commanders of the training colleges, SA Army, SA Railways & Harbors Police,
and SA Police. The committee is responsible for planning and coordinating all training. Lt. Col. A.J.
Strauss of the Training and Manpower Development Section of SA Police Headquarters was instructed to
monitor the training in cooperation with the Ministry of Constitutional Development and Planning.

So far 25 black and 10 white municipal policemen and members of the development councils have been
trained at Hammanskraal as instructors and stationed at the various training colleges under the Ministry of
Constitutional Development and Planning.

One of the seven training colleges is Mokutu [sic] Training College near Zeerust. This college is
commanded by Chris Christiani. Not long ago SERVAMUS visited this college in order to see for itself what
is being done here. The outstanding discipline maintained here and the men's neat uniforms were really
impressive. | was saluted smartly and welcomed with a broad smile.

The visitor immediately notices the extremely neat grounds (not a single scrap of paper or cigarette butt in
sight), magnificently ormamented with colorful flowers and green shrubs.

In his cool office (it gets warm in Zeerust!) Christiani confirmed my first impression, namely that:in this
college discipline is a matter of the highest priority.

The college was officially opened in July of last year, when the first group of 50 students began their
training. The second group graduated on 27 February of this year. So far more then 1,000 persons have
already been trained nationwide and it is expected to have some 6,000 [sic] trained members in the field
by around April of this year, according to Christiani. In the next few years this force will be increased even
further, he says.

Applicants must meet certain requirements, Christiani'says. A matriculation certificate is demanded, but in
some cases applicants with lower academic qualifications are considered. The applicant must be between
18 and 35 years of age and at least 1.6 m tall, with a chest measurement of at least 86.5 cm., and he must
be medically fit. He cannot have a criminal record, and a positive security declaration is also required.

Candidates apply to the black local administration in whose area they wish to serve. After training lasting 3
months, they are sent back as municipal police officers to their varios local administrations.

They are trained in marching, shooting, self defense, administrative and radio procedures, firefighting, first
aid, Afrikaans, English, Criminal Law A and B, and local administration, along with receiving physical
training.

After successful completion of the course, the local SA Police district commander swears them in as
full-fledged peace officers with restricted powers in the area where they were hired.

The municipal policemen's great value lies in their mere presence. They wear simple uniforms laid down by
legislation. This is a very neat and practical uniform, similar to the SA Police field uniform, but green. The

24



JPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BIS NOTES NATION'S IMPROVED EXTERNAL DEBT POSITION
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 9 Jun 86 p 11

{Article by Neil Behrmann]

[Text]

LONDON — The latest Bank
For International Settlements
(BIS) annual report estimates
that central banks bought 165
tons of gold last year.

The estimate of the BIS, the
central banks’ central bank is
higher than Consolidated Gold
Fields’ calculations of 135 tons.
But since the BIS monitors and
trades on behalf of central
banks, its figures should be
taken more seriously.

The BIS notes that the turn-
around from net sales of 20 tons
in 1984 came about because of
Colombia. The South America’s
nation’s gold reserves declined
by 89 tons in 1984, but last year
rose by 14,8 tons,

Other developing nations ad-
ding to their official gold hold-
ings were Brazil, 51 tons (which
absorbed the bulk of its dom-
estic production into its re-
serves), the Phillipines 21,5 tons,
India 20,5 tons and Peru and
Taiwan 17 tons each.

In the industrial world, says
the BIS, Finland acquired 20

19317
C80: 3400/2000

tons. But the two main gold pro-
ducers in this group, the United
States and Canada reduced their
holdings by 4,4 tons and 0,9 tons
respectively.

The BIS estimates that com-
munist country sales, mainly the
Soviet Union, jumped by 100
tons to 250 tons last year.

Expressed in current dollar
terms, countries’ official re-
serves, other than gold rose by
about $42,5 billion or 11 percent.

But the 943 million ounces of
gold reserves at market prices
were worth $308 million last
year, or 41 percent of all re-
serves — foreign exchange,
gold, IMF reserve positions, spe-
cial drawing rights and ECU’s

‘The BIS noted that South Afri-
ca reduced its borrowings from
major international banks by
$1,1 billion last year. Deposits
received from South Africa rose
by $700 000.

So, despite the debt moratori-
um, South Africa's external debt

67

position improved by
$1,8 billion. The BIS also noted
the improvement in South Afri-
ca’s current account of the bal-
ance of payments.

The BIS said that “the threat
to the international banking sys-

tem represented by simultane-
ous default on a large number of
international banking loans
seems less acute than it did
some years ago.”

Besides the efforts to “ren-
der such default less likely...
Banks have been able to
strengthen their capital base.”

The BIS, however, is uneasy
about financial innovations in
the markets. “The above men-
tioned strengthening of the
banks’ capital base may be
more apparent than real,” it
warns. ,

The BIS is happy that the
world economy is much health-
ier, but cautions that excessive
growth of money supply, espe-
cially in the United States and
United Kingdom, could rekindle
inflation.



JPRS*SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEED FOR STABILITY, TRUST TO SOLVE EDUCATION CRISIS DISCUSSED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 8 Jun 86 p 29

[Article by Ken Andrew]

[Text]

EDUCATION is in a state of
crisis in South Africa — of that
there can be little doubt. What is
to be done about it?

Many people throw up their
hands in despair when they look at
the:challenges facing black educa-
tion: the money required, the
teachers and the classrooms. I am
not. one of them.

I firmly believe that, given the
will to do so, we could make mas-
sive strides in improving the qual-
ity of education provided to black
schoolchildren.

Let me focus on a few of the
more important issues.

‘There are two fundamental re-
quirements for resolving the
problems of black education:

@ The first is the need to create
a stable environment, It is most
desirable that children obtain the
best possible education and that
this process is not continually dis-
rupted. However, it is totally an-
realistic to expect schools to func-
tion normally when the society in
which they operate is in a state of
upheaval.

In this regard, the behaviour of
the police has often becn appall-
ing: and has bedevilicd the situa-
tioh in many schools. The indis-
criminate and savage whipping of
schoolchildren on schoo! premises
is an example of how the police
can destroy any efforts that
others may make to calm down
the atmosphere in schools.

‘There are many other factors
that complicate the education
scene, but I do not plan to discuss
them in ‘this article. However, I
wish to emphasise that we need to

60

keep in mind at all times that
black education will not function

smoothly until such time as other

préssing problems are resolved.

‘Trust

The second is the need for
trust in education between Gov-
eritment, parents, teachers and
pupils. It is on this aspect that I

“Plga to concentrate.

In a recent article in the Sunday
Times, the Deputy Minister of
Education and Development Aid,
Mt Sam de Beer, wrote: “The ac-
ceptance of the Government's
gopd intentions is essential for the
restoration of order and stability
inteducation.”

An March, the Minister of Edu-
eation and Development Aid, Dr

Gerrit Viljoen, reiterated “the”

“Government's commitment to es-
tablishing equal education oppor-
tunities! for every inhabitant of
the country” and in April“... the
bona fide commitment of the De-
partment of Education and Train-
ing to offer the best possible edu-
cation ...”
‘These statements followed the
commitment by the State Presi-
dént to“,..a programme that will
mean education for all”.
(What could one reasonably ex-
péct from these commitments?
*Surely that black education will
eiljoy the highest possible priority,
that credibility and trust are es-
séntial and that every effort will
be made to achieve parity as soon
ad possible.

aLet us examine some critical
ateas:



by the Swaziland government, the World Lutheran Foundation and other aid
organisations. Mr Dlamini said the food situation for refugees had been
worsened by the poor harvest of cotton this year, the sale of which has
helped the refugees in their resettlement areas to be self-sufficient.

But he added that government was conducting urgent negotiations with donor
agencies and non-government organisations to help solve the problem. He
said the government was also attempting to purchase more land to allow more
refugees to farm.--Sapa [Test] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

6 Jun 86 p 15] /9317

cso: 3400/014

17



JPRS“SSA=86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RISE OF DUAL POWER, CREATION OF PEOPLE'S COMMITTEES
Lusaka SECHABA in English Apr 86 pp 25-30
[Article by Alex Mashinini]

[Text] South Africa has undoubtedly come to be one of the most volatile of
conflict-torn areas in world politics’ today. The regime has plunged
irretrievably into deep social, political and economic crisis. The decla-
ration of the state of emergency is evidence, if any is needed, that the
social engineering measures of the regime, presented as reforms, have
dismally failed, and is a further acknowledgement on the part of the Botha
clique that it has lost control over the government of the country.
Apartheid is increasingly becoming unworkable. The level of mass political
and military participation in the struggle for liberation has shown us the
possibility of revolution. :

The economy is in a shambles, and the prospects of recovery are as dim as
those of political stability. Foreign investors are quitting the country
in large numbers, and the threat of international economic sanctions is
looming large.

Yet all these developments--a product of sacrifices, selflessness and
determination by our people and their international friends--have brought
new complex challenges.

How To Sharpen the Speat?

How, then, do we sharpen the spear to drive back the apartheid monster, and
finally defeat it? Which methods and principles for revolutionary actior
should we employ to-deepen the enemy crisis still further, to render the
rule of the enemy ineffective and finally to smash him?

So far, much has been written on such strategic aspects of our revolution
as protracted people's war, arming of the masses, embryonic forms of self-
government and popular power, insurrection and so on--important ‘questions’
at the present stage, ones which have been subject to much debate and
discussion, and which cry for greater clarity.

34



FIREARMS, AMMUNITION SALES ROCKET ON RAND

sprs-S8A7867072
1986

10 July

SOUTH AFRKLCA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jun 86 p 3

[Text]

19317

Firearm and ammunition sales
on the Witwatersrand have
rocketed this week, with many
buyers saying they are “playing
it safe”.

‘A Bedfordview arms dealer
said: “Many people buying fire-
arms asked if they could get
their licences before June 16.
Yesterday sales were at their

eak.”

Tt takes about four weeks to
obtain a licence.

‘The dealer claimed he had to

stop selling ammunition be-

cause wholesalers had doubled
prices in the past week.

Major wholesalers contacted
by The Star refused to com-
ment.

Many shops said sales had
doubled in the past few days and
many brands of ammunition
were sold out.

‘A Randburg salesman, Mr
Brian Weston, said ammunition
sales had quadrupled and gun
sales had more than doubled.

“Business is booming. People
have expressed fears about
what will happen on Monday.

cso: 3400/1994

54

Many have said they are staying
at home, and others who don’t
normally carry guns say they
will be doing so.

“Most said they hoped they
wouldn't have to use their weap-
‘ons and wouldn't be looking for
trouble.

“a lot of our ammunition is
sold out and wholesalers have
told us they are also out of
stock.”

Mr Angelo Komis, a salesman
at a store in Bree Street, Johan-
nesburg, said: “This has been the
biggest sale of arms yet before
a June 16.”

The manager of an arms shop
in Commissioner Street, Johan-
nesburg, asked reporters from
The Star to leave his shop. “The
problem shouldn't be highlight-
ed — these are very anxious
times,” he said.

A Krugersdorp dealer said:
“We have been incredibly busy
the past few days. I have 10 peo-
ple waiting to be served right
now.” He said sales had doubled.

A Florida salesman said his
arms and ammuntion sales had
doubled this week.



“End the terrorist war in such a manner and tackle the ANC/UDF [United .
Democratic Front] rioters in earnest. Only in this way will South Africa be
brought to equilibrium again," declares Mr Marais.

The proposal for the lifting of the ban on the ANC was made by the UN dele-
gation which visited South Africa some weeks ago. The reaction of the South
African government was reportedly so favorable that the delegation will
arrive in the Republic within several days on a second visit.

The latest developments surrounding the ANC follow on the heels of an auda-
cious declaration of war on South Africa by the ANC. A representative of the
ANC recently declared on television that his organization was not all in-
pressed with the abolition of the passbook and influx control. The ANC is
long past that stage and now strives only for ‘total political power, he said.

In political circles these statements, along with the intensified terrorist
attack which the Republic is now experiencing, are seen as a final proof of
the government's failed policy of negotiation, The ANC can clearly not be
satisfied by any concessions such as that which is now again under consider-
ation.

13238/9312
CSO: 3401/152

20



COMPUTER INDUSTRY EXPANDING RAPIDLY

JPRS“SSA+86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business Times) in English 8 Jun 86 p 5

[Article by Amrit Manga]

[Text]

THE computer indus-
try is still expanding
rapidly in South
Africa, although so-
cio-political factors
have slowed it down.
Maurice Reznik, president
of the Business Equipment.
Association, says: “We are
experiencing a degree of
matucity in the industry.
The market for main:
frame computers is sta-,
ble. Even mainframe
compatible companies are
offering long-term sup-
port.”

Cost burden

Mr Reznik believes the
shake-out in the lower end
of the industry has only
begun. The fiy-by-nights
offering personal comput-
ers at knock-down prices
cannot offer continuity
and levels of support at
their own expense and the
user ultimately has to car-
ry the cost burden.

“We will see more profes-
sional and secure outlets
which can offer the guar-
antee that they will still be
around tomorrow.

“The computer industry has
too many suppliers in a
small market.

/9317
cso: 3400/016

“On top of that the e
upsurge of PCs in the
home did not come about
and the market is restrict-
ed to the business environ-
ment.

“Furthermore, computers
have not penetrated the
manufacturing environ-
ment (in the form of com-
puter-alded manufactur-

ing) as initially predicted
and robotics has not taken

off.

“Computer Hteracy is only
beginning to filter through
to the large number of po-

users.”

tential

He believes that the dumping
of computers will cause a
short-term problem. Us-
ers will buy on price, but
will not receive support.
‘The big companies always
offer the necessary back-
ing and support to protect

* their reputation.

Distinction
Mr Reznik says: “The no-

name brands can hardly
offer this level of commit-

ment’

In terms of trends developing
in the industry, he men-
tions the implementation
of networks to link the
large established bases of
PCs and word-processing
equipment.

87

There is a clear distinction
today between PCs and
dedicated word proces-
sors in that each is Individ-

~ ually more suitable for its
designed areas of applica-
tion. :

“Few computers are used for
word processing alone —
this would not be cost ef-
fective,” says Mr Reznik.

Laser dise

‘Another technology coming
to the fore is laser disc
storage. It offers a great
step forward in mass
data-storage and retrieval
facilities.

Financial services are taking
off faster in South Africa
than in Europe. The con-
servative Europeans are
more cheque-bound than
South Africans.

“South Africans, for exam-
ple, have taken to the use

"of plastic card money and
electronic banking facili-
ties in a short time.”

Mr Reznik foresees that the
BEA will play an increas-
ingly important role in
stabilising trade practices,
in indicating the proper
use of automation, in de-
veloping end-user appeal
for automation and in en-
couraging high standards
by dealers.



power of the apartheid state, is to lapse into the much-discredited ‘theory

of processes,' is to undermine the revolutionary potential of the masses

(who in times of revolution are capable of mind-defying miracles) thereby

negating the very essence of our revolutionary war, which is to fight and
“.aet, and to act and fight.

As revolutionaries, our duty is not to put obstacles before the revolution,
but to surmount them.

"We must use our organised mass strength and, by attacking, consolidate
our victorious emergence as the alternative power," (ANC January 8th
“Méssage, 1986)

In conclusion, let us dedicate a few words to the strategic benefits and
,advantages which will accrue from the creation, consolidation and develop-
‘\\ment of Revolutionary People's Committees.

This becomes an issue of the utmost importance in the light of the present
fluidity (this is objective) of the revolutionary upsurge inside the
country, and which has opened vast avenues of possibilities. Among other
things, there is the likely probability of a sustained nation-wide
‘uprising, with nation-wide industrial and community action, continued
students' boycott and upsurges throughout the country. This is not an
expression of blind optimism or an attempt at 'revolutionary prophesying,'
_but, on the contrary, is a realisation that, as Clausewitz said, there is
no. form of human activity that:

“Stands so constantly and so generally in close connection with chance as
war."

The calculation of probabilities should therefore, accompany the execution
of war.

The creation, consolidation and development of Revolutionary People's

. Committees, both as organs of self-government and popular power and of
insurrection, will therefore (and in any eventuality) serve as indicators
tor

--How loyal the people are to the democratic ideals, programme and leader-
ship of the vanguard movement, the ANC, and

--How organised. they are in the townships, villages, districts, regions
and finally, therefore, on a national scale.

The initiative is in our hands! ‘Let us cling to it like grim death!
Footnotes:

1. ANC January 8th Message, 1986.
2. ‘Ibid.

/9317
csO: 3400/001

AL



JPRS*SSA~86~+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH» AFRICA

STAKES GETTING HIGHER AS COUNTRY BEATS. ARMS BANS
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 31 May 86 p 6
[Article by Michael Morris]

[Text]

LONDON — South Africa has weathered the
arms embargo so far, but the stakes are get-
ting higher, according to two reports present-
ed in London to a world conference on the
arms ban.

Charting events since the 1977 United Na-
tions resolution declaring a mandatory arms
ban, the reports say: “Pretoria has made
progress in producing much of its own mili-
tary equipment with help from outside, but
large parts of its arsenal are obsolete or
about to become so.”

South Africa will “need even more massive
and visible infusions of strategic technology
from abroad” to maintain and enlarge its
armed forces.

For this reason, one report suggests, the in-
ternational arms embargo “is likely to face
its severest test over the next few years”.

This is one of a number of reports being
considered by 150 delegates from more than
30.countries who have gathered in London for
a three-day conference to find ways to mak?
the embargo more effective. °i ~ “

Reports highlight South Africa’s reliance on
foreign arms and technology — and thé fre-
quent failure of the international community's
efforts to stop equipment and know-how get-
ting through. = .

In the wake of South Africa's incursion into
Angola last week — and the, raids on Ga-
borone, Harare and Lusaka = UN. agencies
and others.working’ for a tougher ban have
expressed concern over America’s supply of
Stinger missiles to Dr Jonas Savimbi’s Unita
rebels. :

82

They say it will give South Africa access to
vital arid sophisticated missile technology, if
not the missiles themselves. |

‘The Stinger issue aside, the reports of the
conference say, South Africa is “engaged in a
massive concerted operation” through under-
cover Armscor agents and embassy staff
abroad to buy arms on foreign markets.

CIVILIAN TECHNOLOGY

In many cases, arms experts say, loopholes
in the West's export legislation have made the
arms agehts’ task that mitch easier.

Reports: Say: that besides direct procure-"
ment of arms and military equipment, South
Africa draws extensive military expertise
from civilian-use technology.

One réport cites the CSIR’s importation of
two powerful computers, the Control Data
Cyber 170/750 and an Amdahl 450/V7. The.
Cyber unit is capable of being used to break
US secret codes, and for nuclear weapons-re-
lated research. . py ese

The US administration insists on assur-
ances from South’ Africa; that, equipment of
this kind is not.used for military use, but, the
report says; “such restrictions seem far from
foolproof.) f°

One report says the arms embargo against
South Africa has been critically undermined
by gaping loopholes in British and US export
legislation. ~

“Ultimately”, one report says, “the most
critical ingredient of a successful embargo is
the political will to make it effective”.



BLACK ANGLICAN BISHOP APPEALS TO WHITE YOUTH

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 14 Jun 86 p 10

[Article by Estelle Trengove]

[Text]

The day before he was de-
tained, the Anglican Bishop
Suffragan of Johannesburg
West called on young whites
to band together to speed up

the process of change in

South Africa. ;

Bishop Sigisbert, Ndwandwe
wrote his statement on Tuesday.
On Wednesday he was silenced
by arrest and detention.

Although the police director-
ate of public relations in Pre-
toria denied any knowledge of

Bishop Ndwandwe's detention, a -

top-ranking Johannesburg An-
glican priest tried to visit him
at the .Stilfontein prison near
Klerksdorp. cot

He confirmed that the bishop
was being held under Section 50
of the Internal Security Act.

Anglican clergymen have de-
scribed Bishop Sigisbert as a
wise and gentle man, a man of
peace and justice.

The Star yesterday received

a copy of the statement Bishop’

Sigisbert wrote the day before

he was detained. .
“The tragic events in. our

country: since 1984 and earlier

19317
csO: 3400/1994

represent what J believe are the
birth-pangs of a new South Afri-
can nation which will be quite
unlike. anything that went be-
fore,” he wrote.
EQUAL

“The new reality to which we
all aspire is that of an open and
non-tacial society’ where there
will be equal opportunity for all.
But this new society will have to
be born from the ashes of apart-
heid.”

Bishop _Ndwandwe said he
wanted to appeal to the white
youth of-South Africa in particu-

* Jar to band together to:expedite

the process of change.

“7 single out the white youth
for obvious reasons. Their elders
who conceived apartheid and
have ruthlessly implemented it
will, like anybody else, not last
forever.

“The white youth will then be
left nursing the baby long after

these men have disappeared-

from the scene,” he said. _
‘The white youth would be left
to answer some very hard ques-

59

JPRS*SSA~86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

tions from their black counter-
parts.

They would ask them what
they did to promote change dur-
ing the struggle, why they were
so incredibly indifferent when
the blacks were being intimidat-

ed and killed by the police and
the army; why could they not
empathise when the blacks were
“passing through the valley of
suffering and degradation”.

“We love South Africa our
Motherland, and because that is
so, let us do all we can to pre-
pare ourselves for the inevita-
ble, namely majority rule.

“Majority rule should be an
inescapable dispensation in all
true democracies.”

The bishop said he believed
the Church could play a far
more pronounced role in the
deepening crisis if it were to re-
gain its credibility

He warned that a catastrophe
of major proportions was in the
making, but said it could still be
avoided with goodwill and a
sense of urgency.



19317

South Africa probably has,in Britain and
America, its best friends in the West. Both
countries embraced the UN embargo in the
late 1970s, but their legislation has left loop-
holes through which South Africa has drawn
much of its military expertise.

The report says: “South Africa has an array
of high-tech products at its disposal. This in-
cludes the so-called ‘precursor technologies’,
such as fibre optics and laser technology
manufactured by a West German subsidiary
of the US ITT corporation.

“Although this technology-is being used in
civilian telecommunications in South Africa,
it is vital to a whole new generation of weap-
ons systems.”

cso: 3400/010

83



The heads of Afrikaner universities like to state that the character of their institutions will remain ~
unaltered. Just like the English-language universities, however, they face the problem that the camel's
nose is under their tent flap too. At first just a few non-white students are admitted on the graduate level,
with the excuse that they cannot study in those fields at non-white universities. Then some non-white
students are admitted at the undergraduate level with the same excuse, and with the assurance that large
numbers of non-whites will never be admitted and that non-white students will not live in the hostels. (The
rector of the University of the Orange Free State, Prof. Wynand Mouton, recently gave this assurance.)

All these assurances and guarantees are broken in time, however, as the chain of events at Stellenbosch
University so strikingly emphasizes. In the end the universities simply become multi-racial institutions.

The tremendous increase in non-white students at white universities will bring an increasing security tisk.
Many of the non-white students are extremely radical and university campuses cannot help but be
hotbeds of political unrest in the future. The events at Witwatersrand are certainly the first precursor of this,
tendency. That fact that all "white" university campuses are deep in white areas certainly makes this
prospect a cause for concern.

12593
CSO: 3401/136

28



WORLD BANK LOAN FOR SELEBI-PHIKWE PROJECT

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 23 May 86 p 1

[Text]

19317
cso: 3400/012

GABORONE: The Ministry
of Finance and Development
Planning announced
yesterday that the World Bank
has approved a loan of P12,7
million for Botswana in
support of the Selebi-Phikwe
Regional Development
Project. :

The project was designed
by acommittee appointed by
Governmentwhich proposed
measures for diversifying the
economic base of
Selebi-Phikwe and its
surrounding region in order
to reduce the present
dependence of the town on
the BCL Copper-Nickel mine.

It involved the
establishment of a regional
devetopment promotion unit
to be based in Selebi-Phikwe
which would involve the
secondment to Botswana of
industrial development
experts and one irrigation
agronomist.

The unit would ‘be
responsible for the promotion
of new Investments In Selebi
Pikwe, the expansion of
existing investments and the

organisation of training
programmes for local
industries and businessmen.

It will also undertake the
economic projection of
Selebi-Phikwe through
publication’ of promotional
materials, externat visits and
assistance to visiting potential
investors.

As part of the regional
development programme, an’
investigationof the irrigation
development potential of the
region will be undertaken.
This will include the
Motloutse and Limpopo river
basins with the ultimate
objective of preparing
development plans and the
establishment of alarge-scale
irrigation programme in the
region.

The project also involved
the development of a road
network system to Improve
accessibility to Selebi-Phikwe
hinterland and to establish
direct links to markets in
South Africa for business
input in the economic
expansion of the town.

BOPA

JPRS*SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

BOTSWANA


-We tried to persuade them
not to pay rent or Jay any charge
at the police station. We would
sort our own problems and allow
the peapie to choose the bes'
judgement atthe peopl
courts, We realised that we were

killing ourselves by paying rent
cause the govern-

and fines, b
ment uses th

cS at the
core of the new township organi-
jon, They are elected to rep-
resent residents of a particular
street and actively to maintain
the level of political awareness.
‘Phe commuttce have been the
major factor behind the success:
of the consumer boycotts in the
stern Cape. In ‘conjunction
with these committees, “discipli-
nary committees” and "peoples"
courts” have been created as
alternate structures of authority
and control in Mamelod
MAYO explains: “We tell the

people that they do not have to

go to the pol
their problems

the people's court.
n

ach street there is a scc-
delegate” Ss a per-
son who is nominated from the
street committee to watch for
inals.

“If there is an accused a
peoples’ c et up. Anyone
can be involved and normally
there are 20 to 30 people. If an
used wants to appeal a Court

of Appeal meets every Sunday.
The poi is to rehabilitate a
person.

19317
cso: 3400/001

According to MAYO's con-
stitution, the objective of the dis-
ciplinary committees is to
isc, organise and educate

It

They are like a
sed to maintain
iscipline. We ore set-
es in every section
ship. We want tu
show the people which line to
follow in their politics.

“During — the, consumer
boycott the disciplinary commit-
tees first issued pamphlets ex
taining why the people should
stop buying from white shops.
‘Then when some people con-
tinued buying the committee
took away their food to the old-
age home. We want people to
fell the struggle.”

MAYO Is quite clear about
the purpose of the new struc-
tures it is creating: “Once you
cut the confidence of the people
in government-created institu-
tio they become confident
and begin to provide for them-

selves. They learn about their

rights and when they get liber
tion they will be used to exer
ing them. We are after total lib-
eration.”

In the townships of Port
Elizabeth and East London, the
street committees have turned
rage .into disciplined protest.
Faceless but efficient, they have
ensured that community’ deci-
sions are treated with the utmost
respect. and the need tor
solidarity is clearly understood. __

For five months of a bitter
consumer struggle they provided *

£43

. Elizabeth Youth Congr

a backbone of resistance, taking
care of the aged, the infirm, the
hunger: educating the weak, and
providing the township with a
vital communication network.
In tne wake ot their success.
which saw the white busine:
community brought to i
street committees have
up in nearly all the Eastern
townships and are spre: cling in
the Transvaal, the townships

around Cape Town and even the
townships dominated by Chief
Gatsha Buthelezi’s Inkatha tri-
bal organisation jn Durban.

Mkhuseli Jack, of the Port

+ Si
“If we have people who doubt
the ticed for unity in the struggle,
we let the street committees edt
fate them. They are very good at
that.”

‘The townships are not in milit-
ary terms “liberated zones.” Not

yet. But the evidence is clear that
together with the establishment
of alternative structures of con-
trol township youths are begit
ning to defend their terrain.
More and more police are com-
ing under fire from behind
-ownship barricades.

Zwelakhe Sisulu. editor of the
Johannesburg-based news-
paper, the New Nation, says: “It
1s physically impossible for the
security police to root out a
street committee on every
strecet of every township. It isa
concept of organisation that is
rapidly being developed and for
which the police have no ans-
wer.”



MERAFHE SAYS POLITICIANS WANT TO POLITICIZE BDF

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 27 May 86 p 1

[Article by Larona Sedimo]

[Text]

/9317

GABORONE: The
Commander of the Botswana
Defence Force, Major General
Mompati Merafhe has called
some politicians irres-
ponsible saying they were
engaged In a desperate
attempt to bring the BDF
close to their political camps.

Speaking at a passing out
Parade at the Sir Seretse
Khama Barracks on Friday, |
General Merafhe warned
against the Possible,
consequences of an.
alternative to democracy,
which may arise if members
of the BDF were politicised.

He said he had watched
with dismay, in recent
months, the political
castigation of certain
personalities within the force
and “the categorisation of
the BDF officers into the
efficient and the inefficient,
the honest and the dishonest,
the bad and the good and so
on”.

He wondered if people
making those statements

cso: 3400/012

were qualified to pass
judgement on these matters.
Henoted that some elements
even have the audacity to
boast at certain political
forums that they have
informers who kept them
informed about the secrets
of the force.

“lam atloss to understand

how a national defence force
which is politically neutral
should become a target of
any political
party”.According to
General Merathe, those were
political tactics which were
aimed at driving a wedge
between members of the BDF
and to undermine the stability
and discipline that have
charactarlsed the running of
the force.

Earlier, the Major General

has said he js a great
believer in an orderly system

of government and in the

neutrality of the force. He

JPRS*SSA~86+072
10 July 1986

BOTSWANA

sald he expected and required
BDF to maintain that tradition,
which is obtained in all
democratic countries .

“The role of the BDF should
be limited to serving any
government which has been
elected bythe people,” Mr
Merafhe also took the
opportunity to dissociate
himself from the Leno Real
Estate, a business enterprise
which has been formed by a
group of locals.

He said he deliberately
listened to false accusations
and allowed political
commentaries to go
unchallenged because, “I
wanted to see how far their
authors were prepared to go
intheir character assasination
campaign,” he said.

However, he made it clear
that Leno Real Estate and
Land Holdings were not
issues within the BDF.



At the same time the highly developed capitalism of South Africa (a feature
not found in any other colonial situation) has given rise to a large Black
working class, relatively highly organised and class-conscious, with a
political experience and maturity arising from half a century of mass
political mobilisation. This brought to the fore of the struggle the
issue of insurrection, as it can be conceived of in any highly developed
capitalist country.

Mass Political Action and Armed Struggle

The objective existence of these two conditions serves as a material
foundation for the strategy of combining mass political action with armed
struggle, and gives meaning to it. They also expose those conditions in
the South African revolution which make the relationship between armed
struggle and insurrection a reality, and not an academic exercise.

Having said this, we should not lose sight of the fact that ours is a
national democratic revolution, which seeks, by the application of revolu-
tionary violence, to replace the present White racist minority rule with
the majority, based on the democratic principles of the Freedom Charter.

We accept, not only in principle but also in all its implications, the
eventuality of an-armed uprising, an insurrection, as a culmination of

the combination of mass political action with armed struggle. It then
becomes necessary not only to seek to understand this relationship but
also to emphasise, always, the particular needs and demands of the struggle
that this necessity imposes on every stage of our revolution.

People's War

The liberation movement has adopted the strategy of a people's war. It is
a war in which our entire nation is engaged--Umkhonto we Sizwe, the people's
army, workers, the rural masses, women, students, intellectuals, the
religious community and so on-+collectively in.groups, and as organised
individuals. They use all forms of revolutionary warfare--armed and non-
combat, legal and illegal--to attack and destroy all symbols, structures
and organs of apartheid power, including all those who man them. The
underlying principle here is that all these forms of revolutionary warfare,
even those aimed at achieving certain short-term goals, should have as
their long-term and fundamental objective, the total destruction of the
South African system.

But the nature of our forces and those of the enemy makes it necessary that
we protract our war. This, as a guiding principle, will offer us an
opportunity to build, consolidate and develop our forces from our present
weak position-to. that of material and moral superiority over the enemy.

Ours, therefore, is a protracted people's war as a means in a revolutionary

process towards the ultimate build-up into an insurrectionary overthrow of
the South African state.

37



JPRS“SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

WOMEN'S GROUP NOW RECOGNIZED--Mbabane~-Women in Swaziland were yesterday
celebrating the beginning of a new era and the end of traditional discrimi-
nation following the announcement at the weekend of the recognition of
women's groups. On the instructions of the Queen Regent, the Minister of
the Interior, Mr King Mtetwa, told a women's meeting at the Swaziland
University on Saturday that women's organisations may now establish a
national office to co-ordinate their activities. This means Swazi women

of "ability and ambition" will be accepted in the public and private
sectors as equals with males. They will be able to compete with traditional
discrimination. The acting vice-chancellor of the university, Prof Lydia
Makhubu, told the meeting one of the priorities of women would be to review
and make recommendations about Swazi laws.--Sapa [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 3 Jun 86 p 6] /9317

SWAZI-RSA DAM PLANNED--Cape Town--A government report on the proposed
joint Swaziland-South Africa dam on the Komati River proposes that a

start should be made on the R203 million project in April 1987. Water
storage will begin in 1991 and the project will be completed during
1992-93, according to the report tabled in Parliament yesterday. The area
involved is partly within the Nkomazi region of KaNgwane, owned by the

SA Development Trust, and partly within Swaziland. The value of the land
will be a factor in considering the cost share to be borne by SA and
Swaziland for the first phase development of the resources of the Komati
River Basin. This will comprise the Driekoppies Dam, with an estimated
final cost of R203 million and the Maguga Dam in Swaziland, costing about
R160 million. A joint permanent technical commission will be set up to
represent the two governments, ‘said the report. Water will be available
for vital irrigation projects in the Onderberg region, for new developments
in KaNgwane, and for pumping to the coalfields of the Eastern Transvaal.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 21 May 86 p 1] /9317

REFUGEES FACING SHORTAGE OF FOOD--Mbabane--Thousand of Mozambican and South
African refugees in Swaziland are facing a serious food shortage as a
result of the continuing influx of refugees. The principal secretary in
the Ministry of the Interior, Mr Vusi Dlamini, said in an interview on
Wednesday that the next consignment of food supplies from the World Food
Programme was not due to arrive until September. Refugees in the country
rely heavily on food from the WFP as well as shelter and clothing provided

16



The Norwégian Mission Society has several times taken the initiative to get
Ethiopian Christians and church leaders released from prisons. At the annual
Geilo meeting General Secretary Odd Bondevik began speaking of an internation-
al investigation of conditions for Christians and other persecuted people in
Ethiopia. Bondevik's initiative was followed up with a letter to Amnesty
International in London, which has taken up the case. The persecution of
Christians in Ethiopia was also taken up in the Danish Folketing [Parliament]
after the statements by the general secretary of the Norwegian Mission
Society.

The mission society also contacted Aid Minister Reidun Brusletten and de-
livered to her a list of imprisoned Christians and church leaders when she
was to visit Ethiopia in the fall of 1984. Cabinet Member Brusletten took
the question up with the Ethiopian authorities during-her visit, but did not
immediately receive an answer to whether the communication would be acted on.

8831
cso: 3639/109

11



New Discovery To Revolutionize Method of Exploring Gas, Oil
(Dan Side; THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Jun 86) ..seeseeereeevees

Mossel Bay Seagas Résources Described
(THE STAR, 11 Jun 86; BUSINESS DAY, 6 Jun 86) ccccececceccccees

Resources Considered Inexhaustible, by Jaap Boékkooi
U.S. Sanctions Could Hinder, by Hamish McIndoe

Motor Industry Problems Likely To Continue
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 25 May 86) .ccsccccececcrscccerescccvcccovces

Steel Company Official Expresses Optimistic Views
(Barry Baxter; BUSINESS DAY, 27 May 86) .s.ssecececscecessceerce

New Low-Chrome Stainless Steel Described
(BUSINESS DAY, 27 May 86). weccevccccceccccecnccccsncccnsscsnces

Briefs
Natal Building Firms in Difficulty ©
Escom Builds World's Largest Radiator
Gaskets for Japanese Car Market

95

96

99

101
101
101



19274
cso:

3400/1909

of the labour force in agricul-
ture. Both were heavily reliant
on the export of primary prod-
ucts. Twenty years later the
per capita GDP of South Korea
was five times that of Ghana.
It is not insignificant that in
Ghana credit to the public sec-
tion was equal to 49 percent of
Ghana’s GP. In South Korea
it was 2 percent. In 1985 in
South Africa the public sector
accounted for 46 percent of to-
tal fixed investment.

Finally, while we are doing
these things, we need to move
equally rapidly at finding a so-
lution to political problems. We
must here consider one funda-
mental point. In the western
world they are learning to do
more with the same or the
same with less. We are doing
exactly the opposite; the same
with more. More Houses of
Parliament, more Govern-
ments in South Africa, more
MPs, more Cabinet Ministers,
more Government depart-
ments, more Government em-
ployees. That is why the role of
the public sector in our econo-
my is growing bigger and
bigger.

It is the very policy of dupli-

cation and separation which is
one of the prime factors in de-
stroying our ability to grow the
economy. The irony is that sep-
aration of the races was meant
to bring political peace. Today
the streets of many South Afri-
can towns burn because of it.
It was the policy of separa-
tion which was meant to pro-

_ tect the white man’s wealth.
‘ And yet each year whites get

joorer and poorer in real
erms. In 1985 remuneration
for employees rose by 9,8 per-
cent. A few percent of that
went in tax, 16,2 went in’infla-
tion. In real terms the average”
man was poorer.

The irony is that they very
system that was meant to pro-
tect the wealth and security of
whites, is making them poorer
because it is one of the most
inefficient ways of managing a
modern economy. It stifles eco-
nomic growth, as we have
learnt.

While ‘a political solution to
our problems will not, on its
‘own, solve our economic prob-
lems, without a political solu-
tion we will not even be given
the opportunity to try and
solve our economic problems.

66



JPRS*SSA+86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PRETORIA'S CONSERVATIVES REJECT REGIONAL SERVICE COUNCILS
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 14 May 86 p 5

[Text] The majority of Pretoria residents, along with the HNP [Reconstituted
National Party], reject Regional Service Councils. Thus declare the six
members of the HNP on the Pretoria City Council in a letter to the
Delimination Board for Local Government Districts.

The HNP members--Dr Piet Barnaard and Messrs Joseph Chiole, Japie Leeuwner,
Thys Basson, Roland Davies and Eben Geldenhuys--wrote to the Delimination
Board as a result of a resolution of the City Council at its most recent
meeting concerning Regional Service Councils. The City Council acquiesced in
the proposed borders of the planned Regional Service Council without debating
the principle.

The recommendation of the City Council of Pretoria is not really a complete
picture of the true situation in Pretoria, the HNP City Council members ex-
plain. It must be kept in mind that the six HNP council members and the four
KP [Conservative Party] council members were not in the council chamber out of
protest at the time of the vote on the recommendation as a result of the
mayor's ruling, and that the recommendation would have been adopted by only 19
votes to approximately 15 under other circumstances. The HNP council members
decided to leave the council chamber out of protest against the mayor's ruling
that a discussion could be conducted only in regard to the borders and not
about certain other items as well. A fairer recommendation by Pretoria's City
Council would therefore also have contained the majority decision, but would
also have at least made mention of the strong protest against the establish-—
ment of the planned Regional Service Council, says the letter.

“To put the matter further in perspective, it is of cardinal importance to
take into consideration that the swing to the right in Pretoria is already of
such a nature and extent-~and the statistics of the by-elections prove it--
that the HNP and KP council members will be in the majority after the next
general election if the HNP is successful in its attempts to induce the KP to
cooperate. The fact of the matter is, therefore, that the majority of white
residents support the HNP standpoint in regard to Regional Service Councils.
As you will understand what problems in terms of the Regional Service Council
Act could arise for such Regional Service Council if the representatives of a

21



The Wayss & Freytag AG, Frankfurt, has been represented in Cameroon since 1981
by their subsidiary Wayss & Freytag Camerous S.A. This firm is building the
highway Maltam-Kousseri and has started work on another toad construction proj-
ect (Waza-Tilde).

In November 1985 the FRG granted Cameroon a loan of 9,1 million DM for a proj-
ect planned by the port authority of. the nation (Office National des Ports du
Cameroun-ONPC, Douala), which will require an investment of a total of 22.2
million DM. This project is intended to make a major contribution toward en-
suring smooth navigation on the approximately 45-kilometer-long approach to
the harbor of Douala. More specifically, the project includes acquisition of
a buoy-fixing machine, replacement of and addition to the buoyage system of
the harbor approach Douala plus expansion of the existing navigational markers
shop. The financing balance of the project (12.8 million DM) is secured
through a KfW financial credit.

More recently, German engineering consultant firms have been successful in be-
coming involved in Cameroon development projects. The Uniconsult United Trans-
port Consulting GmbH, Hamburg, prepared studies on oil transport, the estab-
lishment of a duty-free zone (UDEAC/CHAD) and training in the maritime sector.
They also received the assignment as stowage consultants and consultants for
container handling. As a consortial partner, the Dorsch Consult Ingenieurgesell-
schaft mbH, Munich, was put in charge of preparing a study for the hydropower
plant on the Kadey river in the eastern province, which is to be erected by the
Société Nationale d'Electricité du Cameroun (Sonel) with an installed power of
about 15 megawatt. Dr Ing Walter GmbH & Co. KG International (Diwi), Essen,
was engaged to make a study in Cameroon on city streets in Douala. Furthermore,
they received, as a consortial partner, consulting assignments during construc-—
tion of the roads Bafia-Tonga and Bafia-Bokito.

The Dr Holfelder Planungsgesellschaft mbH, Freiburg/Breisgau was included in a
road project concerning the new construction of the asphalt road Edéca-Kribi
(110 km long; 11.0 m total width). This also includes the building of two
bridges having a length of 200 meter each. The Inco Ingenieur-Consortium GmbH,
Darmstadt, is consultant for the water supply system of eleven cities, The
Africa Asien Bureau-Gesellschaft fuer Entwicklungsplanung Kasching + Partner mbH,
Cologne, was charged with the preparation of a study on pineapple processing,
and Agroprogress Kienbaum International GmbH, Bonn, promotes agrotechnical
training.

AHT Agrar- und Hydrotechnik GmbH, Essen, is consultant to the project Bamenda-
Avenant 3, The Deutsche Eisenbahn Consulting GmbH (DEC), Frankfurt, as a con-
sortial partner, was given the assignment of preparing a competitive study of
the railroad. Experts of the government-owned Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn, for several years have collab-
orated towards the realization of the government development program
("Renouveau Camerounais") which, among others, supports small and medium-size
operations.

13011/12859
csO: 3420/28



JPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

“SOUTH AFRICA

INTEGRATION OF ORIGINALLY WHITE UNIVERSITIES LEADING TO UNREST

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 2 Apr 86 p 10
[Article: " 'White' Campuses Hotbeds of Unrest"; first paragraph is DIE AFRIKANER introduction]

[Text] The admission of thousands of non-whites to formerly white universities does not just rob them of
their character; it will also gradually make them the scene of more and more political unrest.

Three representatives of the Angolan rebel movement Unita were shocked not long ago when
threatening students at the Witwatersrand University campus prevented them from addressing a meeting.

The Unita representatives had to retreat amid shouts of "ANC!" "UDF!" and “Sellouts!" At points the
Angolans were physically threatened by the some 200 students.

A visit by the Unita representatives to the campus of the University of Natal was cancelled for “security
reasons." .

The roughly 200 students who ran amok at Witwatersrand were almost entirely black.

This event is undoubtedly an indication of what is in store for white universities in South Africa: an
increasing radicalization and the creation of a revolutionary climate on campus. Where in the past unrest
occurred primarily at non-white universities--mainly at the University of the North and the University of West
Cape Province--this same radical climate is now finding its way into white universities as the result of the
unprecendented influx of non-white students.

Naturally English-speaking universities are in the forefront of integration. Even when there were still
restrictions on the admission of non-white students, the English-speaking universities ignored them.
They even challenged the authority of the state and openly declared themselves in favor of total
integration.

Last year, for instance, the University of Cape Town (UCT) adopted a policy of “africanization.” The ideal is
for the student body to reflect the population of the country; in other words, in the end the majority of
students at the university will be black. UCT has already made significant progress toward this goal. In only
4 years, 1981-1985, the number of non-white students has grown from 11.7 to 15 percent.

The UCT administration is making every effort to make the university a predominantly black institution as
quickly as possible. Although they form only 15 percent of the total student body, in 1984 non-white
students received around 53 percent of all scholarships and loans. And although only 2.7 [percent] of the
students were black, they received 36 percent of all scholarships and loans administered by the university!

26



MOTOR INDUSTRY PROBLEMS LIKELY TO CONTINUE

JPRS*SSA*86«072
10 July 1986

SOUTH: AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 25 May 86 p 5

[Text]

SOUTH African vehicle
ownership is still 20
percent too high and
the problems currently
confronting the motor
industry are likely to
continue.

These are among the
startling conclusions of
leading stock broking
firm Simpson, Frater,
Stein and Strong, which
has just released a de-
tailed report on the in-
dustry.

Another of the grim
observations made by
the brokers is that
prospective vehicle
buyers are probably in
for a further rough ride
because selling prices
remain 10 percent too
low.

The report, by ana-
lyst Howard Mountain,
says that in 1985 Real
Gross Domestic Prod-
uct (GDP) per capita
declined to the 1972
level. And vehicle own-
ership per capita, says
Mr Mountain, has al-
ways been highly cor-
related with GPD.

“Given present GDP
per capita we believe
vehicle ownership is
about 20 percent too
high,” maintains the
report.

19317
cso: 3400/010

“This fundamental :
imbalance will result
in sales remaining at
low levels until GDP
per capita improves
significantly. Without a +
higher gold price. this ,
correction could take |
from three to five :
years.”

The motor manufac-
turing industry's plight
is compounded by a
number of factors.
These include extreme- -
ly low demand from in-
dividuals because of
lack of disposable in-
come and depressed
company fleet pur-
chases because of
perks tax.

Industry representa-
tives have made ap-
peals to the govern-
ment to ease their
plight. Suggestions
have included scrap-
ping the perks tax, re-
ducing GST, easing ex-
cise duties and extend-
ing HP repayment
periods.

But the broker’s
talks with industry ex-
ecutives suggest that
the govenment would
prefer to see market
forces run their course
— possibly further re-
ducing the number of

95

participants in the ir-”
’ dustry — and thiat little
assistance will be

forthcoming.
Mr Mountain ‘says

supward pressure on

selling prices is still
evident because of high
local inflation and
higher interest and de-

: preciation burdens. .
An addition, the Yen’

is likely to strengthen

further and manufac- -

turers are no longer
able. to absorb such
currency-induced cost
ti

tions cost increases
will be passed on in
selling prices. This will
further depress sales

volumes in the absence _

of.some form of gov-
ernment relief.

“Discussions with in-
dustry executives sug-
gest that April sales
exhibited no improve-
ment and will barely
match the low march
figure. The industry
forecasts sales of
280000 units (185 000
cars) for 1986, rising by
about 11 percent in
1987.

“We feel that this
figure is too optimistic
and anticipate sales of

‘ises.*
“Under these condi-

240000 units (160000
cars).”
One of the major

» negative factors behind

the industry's malaise
is the violent alteration
in the exchange rate
picture over the last
year or so.

‘The effect varies lit-
tle from.one manufac-’
turer to another as
most imported content
is sourced in Japan or
Germany. Since the
end of 1980 the rand
has depreciated by
about 70 percent and 62
percent relative to the
Yen and the Deutsch-
mark respectively and
this has resulted in
higher vehicle prices
and increased working
capital requirements
per unit of production,

“What is of impor-
tance, however, is that
‘the industry must now
pass on cost increases
to an increasing -ex?;
tent,” notes the‘report:
“the overall size of the
market in the sort to
mediumterm thus
seems likely to be de-
termind predominately
by the extent of the ex-
change rate — induced
selling price in-
creases.”



JPRS*SSA*86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DIVERSIFICATION OF PORT ELIZABETH INDUSTRY NOTED

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 28 May 86 p 3

[Text]

IN a major breakthrough
in Port Elizabeth's bid to
diversify its manufactur-
ing base, the Ford engine
plant in Struandale is now
turning out large stainless
steel valves for the min-
ing industry.

The possibility of sup-
plying the mining indus-
try was raised when Ford
and Amcar amalgamated
to form Samcor last year.

And, according to
Samcor’s public affairs
manager, Mr Ruben Els,
the company is continual-
ly looking at other possi-
ble products that would
be compatible with the
facilities at the engine
plant.

The butterfly valves
and ball valve compo-
ents now being made for
the mining industry could
also be used iri the Mossel
Bay gas project. “We are
alse looking at other op-

19317
cs80: 3400/009

portunities nationally and
internationally,” Mr Els
said in Pretoria.

He said the engine
plant would definitely
continue to operate in PE.

The Ford diversifica-
tion is, however, only one
example of how PE indus-
trialists are seeking ways
of extending their range
of activities.

In the process a glass
manufacturer has devel-
oped a moulded polyure-
thane products division; a
company which makes
body pressings for the
motor industry has devel-
oped an award-winning
invalid bath and a porta-
ble spa bath.

A company which
makes springs for the mo-
tor industry is making a
cutting wire used in brick
manufacture, a manufac-
turer of exhaust systems
is selling stainless steel

88

tubing to the furniture in-
dustry, and a maker of
wiring harnesses has gone
into plastics.

Pilkington Shatter-
prufe has started a
moulded plastics pro-
ducts division which pro-
duces a variety of pro-
ducts by using a reaction
injection moulding pro-
cess which allows them to
make a range of integral
skin foam products.

Like a large number of
companies they are, how-
ever, actively pursuing
export opportunities.

The opportunities for
diversification appear al-
most limitless.

According to the city’s
industrial development
officer, Mr Andre Crouse,
there ate 312 categories
of goods which were not
made in South Africa.
“And many of them could
and should be made here.”


JPRS“SSA-86-072
10 July 1986

DJIBOUTI

POLICE GETTING MAINTENANCE SHOP, RADIO NETWORKS FROM FRG ARMY

Bonn WEHRDIENST in German 7 Apr 86 pp 1, 2

[Unattributed article: "at Present, the FRG Army is Building in Djibouti a
Motor Vehicle Maintenance Center, a VHF Municipal Radio Network and a Nation-
wide HF Radio Network")

[Text] The funds for this are flowing from the foreign ministry's equipment
assistance for developing countries. The telecommunication networks will
later be operated by the Djibouti police department (Force Nationale de
Securite/FNS). On the state of development: at present, the HF radio net-
work consists of 17 fixed radio stations, six of which are supplied by solar
power. The VHF municipal radio network has been drafted and acquisitions are
underway. The telecommunication shop is operating, preparatory work for ex-
pansion has been completed, instrument delivery is delayed, however, through
the fault of the Koblenz BWB [Federal Agency of Military Engineering and
Acquisitions]. The vehicle maintenance shop has been completed in the form
of a large bay (80 x 20 m), electrical installations ‘have been finished by
army experts, the first machines are in place. . .

In phase I (1979-1981) the following, among others, were delivered for three
million DM: 5 dump trucks, 8 flatbed trucks and one bus from Daimler-Benz,
one wheel loader from Kaelble, one steam roller, one cement mixer 500 1; 2
cement mixers 100 1; 10 motorcycles R-45 from BMW (approx. 100 additional
motorcycles have been purchased in the meantime by the army and police them-
selves), 34 cases of spare parts; 30 bulletproof vests.

In phase II (1982-1984) the following, among others, were delivered for 2.5
million DM: 8 jeeps 300 GD/Diesel and one passenger car 230 (for the interior
minister) from Daimler-Benz; one ILTIS-jeep from Volkswagen; from army inven-
tory 9 box-type trucks and 15 flat-bed trucks 5 metric t from MAN, automative
spare parts and tools; one prefab structure (motor vehicle repair garage) ;
1,500 pairs of lace-type army boots; 1,500 moleskin army jackets; 6 sports
parachutes; army medications; 5 radio stations 100 W/HF and 9 radio stations
20 W/HF from AEG; 6 voice scramblers Telecrypt Mini; six local-battery tele-
phone switchboard systems including field telephones as autonomous small
telephone networks in four provincial capitals; telecommunications spare
parts, orignal equipment telecommunications shop; musical instruments.



JPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

U.S. Sanctions Could Hinder
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Jun 86 p 3
{Article by Hamish McIndoe]

[Text]

LATEST US sanctions proposals
could severely hinder foreign oil
company involyement in the R5bn
Mossel Bay oil-from-gas project,
analysts say.

Jointly sponsored by Democratic
Senator Edward Kennedy and Con-
gressman William Grey, the Bill intro-

luced in Congress late last month in-
cludes a ban on new US investment in
SA.

Department of Mineral and Energy
Affairs deputy-director Theuns Burger
admits such a ban could have a serious
impact on the project.

oil companies Mobil and Caltex
would be barred from offering techno-
logy and expertise in the development
of Mossel Bay if President Ronald
Reagan adopted the Bill’s investment

n.

“Mobil technology has been men-
tioned as a possible route in the lique-
faction process at Mossel Bay,” says
Burger. o

Three non-oil US companies have
already been strongly urged to with-
draw from the Mossel Bay project by
the House of Representatives subcom-
mittee on Africa.

Soekor declines to comment on how
government's open invitation to
foreign oil companies to help develop
Mossel Bay has beer affected by the
latest sanctions moves in the US.

“We are not involved in the negotia-
tions,” a Soekor spokesman said yes-
terday.

19317
cso: 3400/015

94



JPRS*SSA*86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH: AFRICA

NEW LOW-CHROME STAINLESS STEEL DESCRIBED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 May 86 p 15

[Text]

GREAT hopes are pinned on 3CR12, a
revolutionary new low-chrome stain-
less steel which is more corrosion
resistant than conventional stainless
steel but stronger and only 60% of the

cost.

It is with 3CR12 that MS&A’s main
hopes rest for future expansion of the
world chromium market.

“In the long term we see a 1%
penetration into the world chromium
steel market which will double the
world demand for ferrochromium,”
says marketing director Leo Melvill!

name 3CR12 may seem a
mouthful, but it derives from the
technical description of the product,
which is a titanium stabilised chromi-
um-containing, corrosion-resisting
steel, with roughly 12% chromium.

It was developed as an alternative
material where mild and low-alloy
structural steels have inadequate
corrosion reesistance. Coatings such
as paint or galvanising are inappro-
priate because of mechanical, ther-
mal or chemical degradation.

“We position it in the market some-
where between coated carbon steel
and ordinary grades of stainless
steel,” says Melvill.

“3CR12 is a lean stainless steel,
with a chromium content of 11,5% to
12% com) with 18% in conven-
tional stainless steel. It is an industri-
al steel rather than a type used in
consumer products.

“It is a volume metal which would
be used for an underground ore car,
for example, or for wheelbarrows,
while pure stainless steel would be
used for such products as hospital
equipment, milk churns and cutlery.”

99

“New .and potential markets ‘for
3CR12 include industrial grid flooring
(especially in chemical plants), mini-
containers for the railways which are
already being constructed with the
metal, exhaust systems, and even
home braais. ‘ .

Most 8CR12 in SA is being utilised _
in the mining industry for such di-
vérse products as flooring, handrails,
ore cars, loading station steelwork
and buntons. .

Some ‘recent aj plications (both
here;and abroad) of interest to indus-
try: are spirally-welded tube, coach
frames and bodies, heat recuperators,
animal feed hoppers, beet sugar

equipment, and industrial

cool g equipment.

All these areas previously
involved high maintenance
and plant shutdown costs due

corrosit

to ion.

“You don’t just sell stain-
less steel,” ‘says Melvill.
“You have to create an at-
mosphere to sell it. We rely
heavily on the person who is
converting it into a product.

“In selling 3CR12 you have

to sell the ore car or the
dustrial flooring. In mate-
tials handling such as under-
ound ore handling, the ‘sli-
eability, of 3CR12 is
rtant.”

coating is only as good as its
weakest pont, says Melvill. “Once
hae ip it, you have rust. But 3CR12
is corrosion resistant all the way
through.” .


JPRS“SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CONCERN FOR DETAINED CHILDREN--The Johannesburg Child Welfare Society

has strongly opposed proposed new security legislation, saying 180 days'
detention could be devastating to children, Altogether, 2 016 children
under the age of 16 were detained during the state of emergency ‘from July
last year until February this year. . Some were held with adult criminals,
some in solitary confinement and many were beaten, abused and intimidated,
Mrs Elaine Walker of the Child Welfare Society said. "Detentions are
breeding a generation of children who are violated, angry, defiant,
militant and frightened," said the assistant director of the society's
Johannesburg section, Miss Jacqui Michael said. Under the Public Safety
Amendment Bill, the Minister of Law and Order could confer emergency
powers on anybody and protection under the Children's Act fell away. The
manager of Soweto and Alexandra's social work services, Mrs Shirley
Mabusela, said some children who had been detained during the state of
emergency had to be admitted to hospitals for psychiatric treatment,
because the experience had been so traumatic. She had also received
reports that children wereiheld in solitary confinement. "Solitary
confinement creates a great deal of anxiety in children," she said.

Some children had adjustment problems after they were released. One
mother reported that her daughter had become extremely moody and was
sometimes withdrawn and forgetful. She would, for example, send the
child shopping, but after a while the child would return forgetting what
she had set out to do. Because there were no facilities for children,
they were treated like adults. Detention violated children and could
expose them to all kinds of emotional problems, she said. Ideally,
children who were arrested should be placed in the care of their parents
who would be responsible for the children appearing in court, Miss Michael
said. The society would also like courts to recommend that a social
worker be informed of such cases. "It goes against human rights to detain
children," Miss Michael added. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in
English 8 Jun 86 p 17] /9318

LOW-COST HOUSING DESIGNS SOUGHT--Architectural students at six South
African universities have been asked to design low-cost houses. The idea
is to provide people in the lower income group with attractive homes
costing no more than R12 000. The scheme is part of a determined bid to
replace the functional houses in most black townships with more pleasing
low-cost housing. Hundreds of students in Johannesburg, Pretoria, Cape
Town, Port Elizabeth, Bloemfontein and Durban have been approached by the

62



IJPRS«SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RED TAPE SAID TO HAMPER BUSINESS INITIATIVE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Jun 86 p 3

[Article by. Lesley Lambert]

[Text]

19317

BUSINESS initiative and confidence
are being stifled more by government-
created uncertainties and bureaucracy
than by current political problems,
says a senior businessmen.

In a quarterly review of the invest-
ment market, Santam assistant GM
(investments) Roy Justus says busi
nessmen who are able to create jobs
and get the economy going again are
being hampered at every tu ‘

With the general expectation of
stimulatory action by the financial au-
thorities, the emphasis should be on
attempts to bolster consumption ex-
penditure and private investment, he
‘says.

However, the businessman wanting
to expand or open a new undertaking is
finding it extremely difficult to plan
ahead ina situation that is full of obsta-
cles and uncertainties.

A major grievance is the mass of red
tape. “The moment the businessman
steps out of line with some minor in-
fringement, he’ is hit with the entire
weight of the bureaucratic system,
sometimes causing his enterprise to
halt temporarily, with the resultant

cso: 3400/1999

68

loss of jobs.

‘Justus calls for the speedy and effec-
tive application of deregulation.

He says other grievances include:
(Sudden temporary or additional tax-
es such as those levied on the banks and
insurance companies and other select-
ed industries, which have a discourag-
ing effect.

O The possibility that the business sec-
tor will have to contribute to the new
regional services councils.

ty Discouraging interpretations of
amendments to the Income Tax Act,
some of which are retrospective.
The authorities’ inability to control
inflation.

_()The uncertainty of rapid interest

rate movements. “There is money
‘available right now at reasonable rates
for expansion. The entrepreneur would
like to know that interest rates will
stay around this level and not suddenly
go through hyper-movements as in
recent months.’ .

Justus says the private sector and
the entrepreneur will have to think
more real stically, accept lower profit
margins and realise that SA is chang-
ing.



JPRS“SSA*86-072
10 July 1986

SWAZILAND

POLITICAL BALANCING ACT OF AFRICA'S 'SWITZERLAND' SUCCESSFUL
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 2 Jun 86 p 12

[Article by. Robert Lucius: | "Swaziland's Successful Balancing Act: The
‘Switzerland .of Africa' on the Way to Economic Prosperity Despite Political
Difficulties")

[Text] Mbabane, 1 Jun 86-~The middle of last week, 18-year-old King Mswati
III of Swaziland dissolved the Ligogo, the crown council, and thereby further
consolidated his role a few weeks after his coronation. The next day, Prince
Mfansibili Dlamini, a cousin of the new king, was sentenced to 7 years
imprisonment because he had put several innocent politicians behind bars.
After these two events, it is possible--although there are still rumors of an
impending reshuffling of the cabinet--that several years of unstable
conditions in the small country in the south of Africa could be over, years
that were characterized by power struggles, palace intrigues and reciprocal
arrests. The kingship, however, was secured even before the coronation of
King Mswati III at the end of April: in the turbulence following the death of
the previous King Sobhuza II in the fall of 1982, it was always a matter of
power and benefits but not of political directions or of an attempted
overthrow. The loyalty of the 630,000 or so Swazis to the ancient dynasty was
always solid. A common language, tradition and history have created an
unusually homogeneous population for African conditions.

After the death of Sobhuzas, the kingdom was governed by the Liqoqo, a council
of elders with about 15 members. Chiefs, princes and some "normal" citizens
belonged to this council, the exact number of members being unknown. At the
top was a queen regent, one of the perhaps 150 wives of Sobhuza. The power
struggle had begun at the beginning of 1983. The prime minister had Prince
Mfansibili arrested. A few days later, however, he was released and the prime
minister, who now lives in exile in a South African "homeland," was dismissed;
Prince Bhekimpi became the new prime minister. Three months later, in turn,
the queen regent was replaced by another wife of the deceased monarch, by
Ntombi, the mother of the crown prince. Mfansibili and George Msibi, a
physician and businessman, became the most influential figures in the country.
When the finance minister accused the two--they are called "bad boys" in the
vernacular--of tax and customs smuggling, he was dismissed and arrested. Two
army and two police chiefs followed him into prison.

13



JPRS*SSA+86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

STEEL COMPANY OFFICIAL EXPRESSES OPTIMISTIC VIEWS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 May 86 p 17

[Article by Barry Baxter]

{Text]

MS&A produces two types of chrome alloys
— charge chrome and low carbon ferro-
chrome — both essential components in the
production of stainless steel. .

‘About 90% of production is sold overseas
and export revenues from the alloys division
have made a very significant contribution to
the company’s remarkable profit turn-
around.

Yearly export tonnages are now running
at 250 000 tons of charge chrome and 35 000
tons of low carbon ferrochrome.

Main foreign customers are steelmakers
in Western Europe, the US and Japan. West-
ern European customers take around 50% of
the export totals of each product, users in the
US and Japan share the remaining tonnages
almost equally.

Day-to-day overseas marketing of the al-
Joys is in the hands of Chris Rosholt, who
spends most of his time on the international
road, winning friends and customers for the
company.

Roshcit was interviewed on the da (May
19) of the SADF excursions into Zimbabwe,
Zambia and Botswana. As we spoke, foreign

overnments were beginning to censure A
for the raids and restart the international
rumblings about trade sanctions. Did Ro-
sholt fear such action?

“Of course all exporting companies are
concerned about sanctions,” he replied. “But
in the case of ferrochrome, SA has some
insurance. The country has 80% of the
world’s reserves of chrome and SA produc-
ers have around 50% of the world’s produc-
tion capacity for charge chrome. Also, half
of the chrome reserves are under the control
of Rand Mines which is, like ourselves, with-
in the Barlow group.

96

“Although our customers are naturally
concerned about the perceived instability of
the situation in SA, it is not possible in the
short-term for them to diversify their
sources of supply from an area which is such
a dominant producer of the material they
want.

“All this puts local producers in a strong
position, but we are far from complacent
and well aware that long-term solutions to
political problems must be achieved if any
company in SA is going to be able to sustain
long-term export growth.”

Estimates of worldwide growth in the pro-
duction and use of stainless steel are gener-
ally around 3% per annum, with some more
optimistic analysts talking about 5%.

Rosholt believes growth is assured. “The
use of stainless steel ‘worldwide is growing,

he says. “It is not bio-degradable and al-
though the initial cost is higher than other
steels, users realise that for many applica-
tions the low maintenance costs of stainless
steel spread over the much longer life soon
compensate for the higher price.”

He considers Japanese producers of stain-
less steel constitute a prime growth area for
exports of SA ferrochrome.

“Until now, Japanese steelmakers have
strongly supported their own producers,
even though that policy was costing them a
lot because of the high costs of domestic
production. Their motivation was partly to
secure a domestic source of supply and part-
ly loyalty to their associate companies.

“Cutting back on local production in fa-
your of imports was made more difficult for
the Japanese because of their concept of life-
time employment for workers in factories
and mills. The extra costs of the local prod-



JPRS*SSA*86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW LEGISLATION TO HAVE STABILIZING EFFECT
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 86 p 12
{Editorial: “Black Property Ownership”]

[Text] The trite comment of “merely cosmetic" and “too little too late” in
regard to reforms in South Africa is becoming more and more ludicrous as the
government progresses along its chosen path. The more rapid tempo in which
practical application is being given to previous promises of reform makes a
mockery of the doubt which ill~disposed persons have always attempted to sow
concerning the sincerity of the government's intentions.

Thus, for example, -has yet more progress been made towards the ideal of equal
treatment of all communities in the country with the publication, day before
yesterday, of legislation which will grant full property ownership rights to
black people in black urban areas. The stabilizing role which ownership of
property can play within the black communities, can scarcely be over-
estimated.

What makes the new legislation even more positive is the promise that the
establishing of new black villages is going to be streamlined. It is neces-
sary to give urgent attention to this above all, because few things are so
frustrating as the red tape which is still associated with village establish-
ment. When some weeks ago an explanation concerning the abolition of influx
control was given at an international news conference, the promise was quite
properly made that more land for urban settlement would be made available and
building regulations would be changed and applied more flexibly.

This week's legislation regarding black property ownership rights will cer-
tainly make new demands on the state. At the same time it opens the door for
the private sector to seize opportunities which can mean profits not only from
a business point of view, but can also help to build towards a more stable
South Africa.

13238/9312
CsO: 3401/148

18



JPRS«SSA*86+072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STUDENTS BURN BOOKS--Thousands of school books went up in flames at Diepkloof
high schools on Thursday. Students burned them after the Department of
Education and Training closed schools on Wednesday instead of Friday--and
because of the poor quality of stationery provided to students, they said.
“We want adequate stationery and hard-cover note books instead of scrib-
blers," said a Diepkloof SRC spokesman. The book-burning was unanimously
supported by the Soweto Students’ Congress' Diepkloof branch. Students
from five high schools--Soviet (formerly Madibane), Joe Modise (Fedelitas),
Moscow (Bopa-Senatla), Kathrada (Immaculata) and Libya (formerly Deepdale)
gathered at Soviet High and made a bonfire out of the stationery. The SRC
spokesman said students would disregard the DET's decision to close :
schools--and continue to go to school until June 16. "We want to show the
government that DET no longer controls our schools. The péople are start-
ing to establish organs of self-rule," he said. Students demanded that
DET provide adequate exercise books of 72 pages and hardcover notebooks,

as well as rebuilding damaged schools and giving a speedy reply to their
demands, the SRC spokesman said. He condemned the Law and Order Minister's
ban on June 16 and Freedom Charter commemorations. "On June 16, all
students, youths, parents and workers should commemorate this historic

day in a dignified manner," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in
English 8 Jun 86 p 4] /9317

VAAL STREET DEFENCE COMMITTEES--VAAL Civic Association has urged residents
to form street defence committees to protect themselves against vigilante
attacks, which have troubled townships lately. The VCA call follows the
recent stonings of the houses of several community leaders and activists.
Sharpeville Civic Association acting chairman Chipa Molefe said vigilantes
were stoning houses for no apparent reason. "We call on residents to form
street committees to defend themselves against these attacks. "Recently
the Sharpeville houses of Reverend Tebogo Moselane--one of the Delmas treason
trialists--and other prominent citizens were targets of these attacks," he
said. Sharpeville Youth Congress has started searching people found in
shebeens and on the streets for knives and other weapons. A spokesman said
the weekend searches were to combat "killings and muggings which have been
happening in the past few weeks." [Text] [Johannesburg CITY PRESS in
English 8 Jun 86 p 4] /9317

47



JPRS«SsAnge,
0
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW DISCOVERY TO REVOLUTIONIZE METHOD OF EXPLORING GAS, OIL

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Jun 86 p 6

[Article by Dan Side]

[Text]

19317
cso:

TWO South African scien-
tists have made a discovery
that should revolutionise
worldwide the petroleum in-
dustry’s methods of explor-
ing for natural gas and
crude oil, saving individual
companies millions of
rands.

Soekor geophysicist
George Smith, helped by
Maurice Gidlow, was re-
sponsible for the break-
through, “Geostack”, un-
veiled at the conference of
the European Association of
Exploration Geophysists in
Ostend, Belgium, on
Wednesday.

It is a new seismic proce-
dure that verifies the pres-
ence of natural gas in a geo-
logically promising reser-
voir. And gas is most often
the sign of an underlying
pool of crude oil.

“Oil usually has a gas
cap,” said Smith before his
departure for Europe, “and,
in the South African context,
I can't believe oil could be
found without the presence
of any gas at all.”

Simply explained, the sys-
tem, patented by Soekor on
May 26, is a series of com-
plex mathematical formu- .

3400/016

jae that allows better pro-
cessing of the data received
by the seismograph:

Smith and Gidlow tested
Geostack on site at Soekor’s
important new finds in the
F-A field off Mossel Bay.

“We are using it to refine
the geological picture of the
gas field, and hopefully we
will be able to use it in the
exploration for new gas and
oil fields,” said Smith.

“A severe testing pro-
gramme under known con-
ditions is now under way, in
order to determine the prac-
tical limitations of this new
technique.

“Jt should not be confused
with the ‘bright spot’ meth-
od. In certain areas of the
world, like offshore in the
Gulf of Mexico off Texas
and Louisiana, they've got
shallow gas reservoirs that
show up as bright reflec-
tions on seismic data.

“That data is processed
conventionally, but in most
cases elsewhere in the
world the technique does not
work well. The Geo-stack

92

method is something com-
pletely different. It was de-
veloped offshore, but it
should also work on land
and stiould have application
anywhere in the world.”

It is surprising that it was
South African geophysicists
who presented the papers at
Ostend last Wednesday to
herald a new era in seismic
exploration.

‘The European Association
of Exploration Geophysists
has about 4000 members
from 86 countries, but only
12 are from South Africa.
Smith is accompanied by a
South African colleague this
year, but only one South
African representative at-
tended last year’s conven-
tion in Budapest.

South African is how
Smith considers himself, in
spite of his being born at
Sutton-on-Ashfield in Not-
tinghamshire 36 years ago.

He graduated from Cam-
bridge University in 1970
and worked for five years in
parts as far afield as Soma-
lia, Nigeria, Denmark and
Iran before coming to South
Africa to work for Soekor.


Mr Heunis' standpoint must be viewed against the background of renewed
thinking concerning a Bill of Human Rights. Such a bill does not have to
protect only individual rights, but can just as well perform the same function
in regard to group rights. This too is an aspect of democracy which can play
a useful role.

13238/9312
cso: 3401/148

30



At the end of last year, however, the power of the two "bad boys" was reduced.
That was obviously attributable to the influence of the then crown ,, prince
Makhosetive, now King Mswati III. It is said that the then 17-year-old asked
his mother, the queen regent, to break off all contact with the two while he
attended school in southern England. They were dismissed from the Liqogo.
This now-dissolved council of elders lost its comprehensive competencies and
was degraded to an advisory body for the government. In terms of the Swazi
tradition, this was practically a putsch. At the beginning of the year,
Mfansibili was arrested and Msibi put under house arrest; six passports were
taken from him. The finance minister, on the other hand, just as the former
police and army chiefs, was released from confinement (which led to
congratulations from several African chiefs of state.) Thus the influence of
the clique of the two "bad boys," who are accused of corruption, weapons
smuggling, fraud and malfeasance, has not yet been broken. They obviously
still enjoy support in the government. There are rumors of ongoing power
struggles in the royal household. A group of about 20 European mercenaries
supposedly attempted to free Mfansibili from detention during the weekend of
the coronation. The intelligence services of South Africa and Mozambique had
warned the government in Mbabane and most of the mercenaries were arrested.

South Africa and Mozambique--the racist country and the Marxist . people's
republic--determine, indirectly at least, the politics of Swaziland. The
kingdom has largely been successful in staying out of the disputes of the two
neighboring countries that surround Swaziland. If Swaziland were to tend too
strongly in one direction or another, thinks Swazi Foreign Minister Mnisi,
then the aircraft of one or other of the nations could "destroy Swaziland
within 15 minutes." South Africa could cut off the exports of the country,
which depends upon South African ports.

Swaziland is making a virtue of necessity and that is not difficult, for the
population is conservative and aware of its traditions. The Swazi Government
is attempting to act as a mediator between Pretoria and the resistance
movement African National Congress (ANC), which is forbidden in South Africa
and which, in accordance with an initially secret agreement between Mbabane
and Pretoria, is not, to be sure, tolerated in the country, despite the large
number of political refugees that the Swazis are taking in from both
neighboring countries. Thus Swaziland is the only country in the region that
has not already been attacked by the South African military. The ANC, says
the foreign minister, understands the difficult position of Swaziland. Its
population should not have to suffer like that of Mozambique.

Mnisi rejects the hypocritical position of other independent states in the
south and east of Africa: they "are the good boys, Swaziland is not" because
of its contacts to South Africa. But he has to travel to Pretoria to buy
foodstuffs and farm equipment on behalf of Tanzania, for example, but
supposedly on his own, which Tanzania then takes over from Swaziland "by
night." One of the reasons for the uncramped behavior of the state that has
been independent of Great Britain since 1968 may be that the Swazis have never
fought against whites. Race relations in Swaziland are relaxed and were never
a central issue.

14


HUNDREDS OF ARCHITECTS LEAVING PROFESSION, OUT OF WORK

JPRS~SSA~86*072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 8 Jun 86 p 7

[Article by Ruth Golembo]

[Text]

HUNDREDS of architects
are out of work and many are
leaving the profession.

‘The president of the South African
Institute for Architects, Pieter Jou-
bert, says the position is worsening.
More than 40% of architects have
little or no work.

Representatives of the institute
met Government officials this week

to discuss the crisis.
State spending cuts are one of the
main causes of the lack of work.

Confidence lack

Mr Joubert says the private sec-
tor’s lack of confidence Is another
cause of architects’ problems.

Mr Joubert, who has spent two
months touring South Africa, met
many architects who were leaving
the profession.

“Many of them are dipping into
their capital and trying to keep their
doors open. Some are leaving to look
for jobs abroad or relying on invest-
ents in property to keep them go-

ing.

“Others have moved into related
fields like the property market.
Others are looking to the State for
employment by becoming building
inspectors and planners.

“We are facing serious problems
and experience has shown that once
architects leave they seldom return.

19317
cso: 3400/1993

“The loss of valuable members —
not to mention the money spent on
their education — will have far-
reaching effects.”

Advertising

‘The institute's decision to allow
“responsible advertising” is seen by
some as a start to resolving the
profession's problems.

But Mr Joubert says many see
advertising as the first place to re-
duce expenditure in economic
times. .

Many architects are sceptical
about the need for advertising, say-

ing those who need their services
know where to go.

Architects’ fees are set to become
more competitive because of a Com-
petition Board ruling. Architects will
no longer have to se 6% of the
contract price, but will be able to
negotiate with clients.

Optimism

Willie Meyer, president of the
Council of Architects, says the
profession is in serious trouble.

“One does not want to be pessimis-
tic, but things look bleak for archi-
tects in the short term. Some areas
are more seriously affected than
others and it is particularly difficult
for small firms to survive.

58

“Many architects are sitting tight
io the bope that they will be able'to
survive the next few months, Others
have taken posts in Britain and Aus-
tralia,

“South Africa bas incredible scope
for growth and the need for housing
Js enormous. The longer-term future
Tooks good for the profession if we
gan make it’ through the present

fall’

But academics in the architec-
tural field are optimistic. They say
architects may not be making as
much money as in the past, but they
still have work.

The head of the School of Archi-
tecture at the University of the Wit-
watersrand, Pancho Guedes, says: “I
have not heard many complaints
about the Jack of work, although
there is no doubt there is not as much
of it as there was a couple of years
ago.”

‘Professor Guedes says: “Newly
qualified students are still getting
jobs and the profession has generally
not been as badly affected as the
construction industry, for instance.”

Danie Theron, dean of the Faculty
of Architecture at the University of
Port Elizabeth, says many architects
are doing less profitable work and
having to work a bit harder to make
the same profits as before.

“But the profession is not in dire
straits. I do not believe qualified ar-
chitects are having to seek work in
other fields.”



CHIEPE PRAISES CUBA, CRITICIZES RSA

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 12 May 86 p 1

[Article by Larona Sedimo]

[Text]

/9317

GABORONE: Botswana and
Cuba, as members of the
Non-aligned Movement firmly
believe in the principle of
equalityand non-interference
inthe internal affairs of other
states, said the Minister of
External Affairs Dr Gaositwe
Chiepe.

Speaking ata luncheon she
hosted for the Cuban
Ambassador to Botswana, Mr
Perdomo, Dr Chiepe said the
two countries also have a
common stand on a number
of international issues such
as disarmament and the
North-South Dialogue.

Botswana, said the Minister
appreciates Cuba's support
for the struggle against
racism and colonialism in the
world generally and in
Southern Africain particular.

She told the new
Ambassador that South Africa
continued to delay the
implementation of the
Security Council Resolution
435 by linking the

cso: 3400/012

independence of Nambia to
the withdrawal of the Cuban
troops from Angola.
“Botswana rejects this linkage
and hopes that August 1 will
see the Implementation of
the resolution” Dr Chiepe
said.

The Minister said that the
turmoil in South Africa was
getting worse day by day,
adding that South Africa
continues to be instransigent.
She said it was Botswana's
earnest hope that the people
of South Africa and Namibia
will attain majority rule in the
not too distant future.

She assured Mr Perdomo
that Botswana will give him
cooperation in his mission of
further strengthening the
good relations which subsist
between the two countries.

Earlier she had said that it
wasour desire to widen the
scope of the existing
cooperation to encompass
other fields. BOPA

yprs-SSA786°072
10 July 1986

BOTSWANA



NATIONAL OIL RIG TENDERS REPLACE FOREIGNERS

Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 30 May 86 p 7

[Article by George Young]

[Text]

THE introduction to the
Cape coast by Unicorn
Lines and Pentow Marine
(recently accepted as a
member of the SA Ship-
owners Association) of
tenders serving oil rigs
along the seaboard, is bad
news for the German and
Dutch operators of simi-
lar craft which for the
past few years have been
‘on charter.

‘The expenditure of for-
eign currency on these
craft became a major
burden when the value of
the rand declined last
year, and local companies
secured charters from
Soekor to operate locally-
owned ships using South
African crews.

Unicorn recently com-
missioned the pipe-carry-
ing craft Voorspeler,
bought from the German
coneern OSA which ad-
mits having to lay up 20 of
its fleet and declare 438
West German seafarers
redundant because of the
downturn in international
oil drilling. Smit-Lloyd,
who also have a tug on
charter in South African
waters, are suffering the
same trauma.

90

The Pentow Skua,
brought recently from the
North Sea, will attend to
the anchors of the tugs.
Owned jointly by Saf-
marine and Murray &
Roberts, the Pentow Skua
will work with the Uni-
corn craft, Voortrekker
and Voorspeler.

While in Port Elizabeth
loading stores last week,
the Voorspeler picked up
a short-notice contract to
supply water to a laden
bulker which, after con-

siderable electrical trou-
bles since sailing from
Richards Bay, did not
have sufficient water for
the non-stop voyage to
Rotterdam.

Voorspeler, expressly
designed to supply stores,
secured a useful dollar
charter in Algoa Bay.

While Pentow Marine
and Unicorn are different
companies, directed from
separate offices, both are
connected with Saf-
marine, and they will
have to work together.

Safmarine has ‘a 50%
holding in Pentow
Marine, and 40% in Uni-
corn, but the crews are

JPRS~SSA~86~072
10 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


Now, given the escalation of these campaigns in which the apartheid system
is increasingly becoming unworkable, in which the country is rapidly
degenerating into a state of complete ungovernability, and in which "the
democratic movement has emerged as the alternative power, "1 it goes without
saying that these embryonic organs of power have to be strengthened,
consolidated and developed.

What, then are the immediate and concrete tasks of the vanguard movement
in providing leadership and guidance to these new revolutionary develop-
ments? Which concrete methods of organisation and slogans of mobilisation
should the vanguard movement advance and pursue, to meet these new condi-~i
tions of struggle?

The urgent task of the vanguard movement in these new conditions of
struggle is to "transform these areas (no-go-areas) into mass revolutionary
bases,"2 through which we can realise our strategy of a people's war. We
can do this by, among other things, creating in these areas local Revolu-
tionary People's Committees, as a rallying slogan, and also as organs of
self-government and popular power, and as organs of insurrection.

Is the slogan of creating Revolutionary People's Committees an appropriate
one to meet the revolutionary demands of our times? Will it serve to

show the mass of our people in their present endeavour to make apartheid
unworkable and to render the country ungovernable, the aim and likely

course of the revolution towards the armed seizure of power and its transfer
into the hands of the democratic majority, for the establishment of a
people's power? Why not, for example, refer to these organs as local
People's Communes?. These are questions of topical importance if our slogans,
together with our mobilisation and organisational tasks are not to end up

in revolutionary phrase-mongering and misguided actions!

A Rallying Slogan

We believe that these local ‘committees, firstly as a rallying slogan, are
not only appropriate, but revolutionary as well, precisely because they
answer the question: What is to be done in those areas where the local
organs of apartheid power have been destroyed by the people?

They are not only appropriate, but revolutionary as well, precisely because
in those areas where the democratic movement has emerged as the alternative
power, where the popular will has been asserted, the consolidation,
strengthening and development of this alternative power can only be
organised, created and guided. It is unthinkable that these forms of
alternative power could be organised and guided without a clear strategy
that maps out their organisation and guidance. Any approach which fails
to recognise the need to organise, create and guide these forms of alterna-
tive power into Revolutionary People's Committees will not only be sheer
idle talk, but will also be noxious to the whole course of the development
of our revolution, for such an approach neglects this trend to its own
spontaneity.

35



uct were absorbed almost as a social cost,
but the recent strengthening of the yen has
sent their price of local production 'so high
that the concept is starting to fall away and
we have discerned a trend to greater Japan-
ese imports of ferrochrome.”

Rosholt has been concentrating on the
Japanese steel producers for some time.

“MS&A started doing business in Japan
more than 10 years ago and in that time has
put a lot of effort into developing good rela-
tions ‘with customers in an area where reli-
ability, service, and competitiveness are of
paramount importance,” he says.

“I believe these relationships are now
very strong and will pay us many further
dividends.”

North America and Australia are other
markets Rosholt is studying.

Sometimes during their export efforts,
Rosholt is confronted by problems caused by
MS&A, which is SA’s only producer of stain-
less steel, exporting the finished product as
well as chrome alloys, and often to custom-
ers in the same countries!

“The team marketing the stainless steel
and myself work somewhat independently,
and it can be something of a corporate egg-
dance at times.” Rosholt laughs.

The alloys division's relatively strong po-
sition against sanctions has been demon-
strated by the steel and alloy trades. Some
countries have made noises against steel
imports from SA, but have realised their
own steel mills could not continue to operate
without alloys from this country.

The division employs around 1 400 people
and production fs at two locations: the main
plant at Middelburg produces all the low
carbon ferrochrome and 60% of the charge
chrome, a plant at Krugersdorp produces
the balance of the charge chrome.

The Krugersdorp plant has a plasma-arce
furnace which, when it was commissioned in
1984, was the world’s first commercial fur-
nace employing such technology. This
plant’s strength is that it can produce differ-
entiated grades of ferrochrome.

Until 1969, the technology for making
stainless steel relied on low carbon ferroch-
rome, which generally had a carbon content
of 0,05%. The introduction in 1969 of the
Argon Oxygen Decarburisation Vessel made
it possible to utilise the cheaper, but rela-
tively high carbon content (6% to 8%),
charge chrome and remove the excess car-
bon during the production process.

This gave a tremendous boost to demand
for charge chrome which progressively re-
placed the low-carbon product. Although low
carbon ferrochrome is still a final additive
in the production of stainless steel, it is used
mainly for foundry applications and in the
production of alloy steels.

97

FEW companies have managed to capitalise
in the export markets with the cheap rand as
well as MS&A.

“We came back from a loss of R19,9m in
1983 to breakeven in 1984 and a profit of
R52,5m in 1985 — and I am not unhappy with
the way 1986 is looking,” says chairman John

al

“Although the alloys division has made

‘ood profits, the most encouraging thing has

in the way the steel mill has ironed out its
technical problems.

“It is a highly sophisticated operation with
massive teething problems which were not
fully anticipated. It required incredible dedi-
ation by those people to pull it around.

“It is now a superbly run mill capable of
supplying the best materials in the world
and to remain in business in today’s condi-
tions is no mean achievement.

“If the mill can hover around the break-
even situation in the worst conditions I have
ever seen, then an economic recovery in SA
and in world prices will turn it into a real
moneyspinner.”

Three factors played a part in the turn-
around: improved volumes from the new
stainless steel mill, a rise in world ferro-

TURNOVER

Rm
500 -TOTAL

450 - rt

400 .

350

300
250

200
150

100

oO

1981 82 83 84 85

chrome prices as a result of strengthening
demand during the 1983-85 world economic

recovery, and finally the collapse of the
rand, which boosted the rand value of export
sales.

“At the tail end of the commissioning
problems in 1984 the steel division was not
loing at all well,” says financial director
Jim Tennant.
“Volumes were improving but, ironically,
as the steel division’s production came right,



What, then, are the immediate tasks of the vanguard movement at the
present stage of our revolution? In which areas of activity should we
put more emphasis in the development of our strategy of a people's war?

The journals and policy statements of the liberation movement have singled
out certain areas of activity where we should move with urgency. These
include consolidating and extending the underground structures of the ANC,
the intensification of the armed struggle, the training and arming of the
masses (see the ANC January 8th Message, 1986). We shall confine ourselves
here to the issue of the emerging embryonic forms of self-government and.
popular power, and the creation of people's committees, in the belief that
the other issues have been thoroughly (though not exhaustively) discussed
and debated, and have become part of ‘the day-to-day routine work of the
vanguard movement in the execution of the struggle.

Dual Power

In executing the strategy of a people's war, the liberation movement, headed
by the ANC, has evolved specific and concrete tactical offensive positions
for our people to make apartheid unworkable and the country ungovernable.
The enthusiasm with which our people carried this out shook, and is still
shaking, even the most’ unconcerned observers both in South Africa and
abroad. The campaign is sapping the central power of apartheid rule and
stretching it to its limits, by destroying its local organs of administra-
tion and control. In most of the areas torn by upsurge, government-
instituted community councils have been destroyed, and those who man them
have either been killed or forced to resign. Black police and informers
have been forced, through mass revolutionary violence, to quit most of the
townships.

Thus, in several areas of the country, we have what the press has come to
term ‘no-go areas.' These are the areas in which the police have maintained |
a conspicuous absence, except when patrolling in large military convoys.

In other areas, the people have not paid rent since September 1984!

Apartheid is increasingly becoming unworkable, and the country is rapidly
degenerating into a state of complete ungovernability. How, then, do we
appraise these developments? What tactical inroads have been made, what
challenges are presented? What strategic shifts is the revolution likely
to experience through the cumulative impact of these campaigns?

These are questions to which the vanguard movement must seriously address
itself, not only for the purpose of its own inner clarity, but above all,
to give aim, purpose, guidance and leadership to the mass democratic .
movement . :

In South Africa today, the enemy can no longer rule in the same old way.
There is a considerable measure of independent action on the part of the
masses, who are enforcing their will, both against that of the ruling classes
and parallel with it. As a result, there has emerged (but not yet on a
national scale) a peculiar form of dual power, not in an administrative,

put in a political sense.

38