On Political Future of Homelands
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 30 Jan 84 p 10
[Editorial: "An Early Set-back"]

[Text] It is a pity that the blame for the failure of the homeland idea in its
original form now is being sought with the current leaders of the National Party.
The failure apparently is to blame’on the fact that one deviated from Dr Hendrik
Verwoerd's plan for economic growth in, and the return of blacks to, the home-
lands.

But let's not forget that the original setback for the homeland idea came because
it was not stressed enough in the Tomlinson report of 1956.

It pleaded for complete economic development with the aid of foreign investments
and the use of private white capital. Consolidation was also a high priority.

The man who thwarted that, ironically enough, was precisely Dr Verwoerd.

Thus the blame should not be put on his successors alone. The sacrifices asked
from the whites were simply too great. and,moreover, the economic realities in any
event made the execution of the idea impossible.

What Dr Verwoerd did get right, however, was the laying of a geographical basis for
the peoples' policy which would be difficult to change--even though this means that

the homelands are merely a /starting point/ in that policy and no longer the
/answer/.

The general direction is toward a confederation in one form or another, with the
pos$ible future result of a federation.

But the economic realities and the slowness in pursuing that policy to its full

consequences from the beginning will mean that the current homelands cannot be ac-
cepted just like that as member states of such a confederation.

Different borders, the joining of ethnic groups, etc.,. are possibilities which
perhaps cannot be avoided.

8700
CSO: 3401/50

57



recent years in the field, From 1977 to 1980, the fleet received eight new
units, including two ocean-going vessels and six for coastal trade. This
action could only be complete and effective with the modernization of exist-
ing port structures. Bedo Joseph was categorical: "Not only are our port
facilities outdated and poorly adapted to the evolution of ocean shipping
techniques, but they are also poorly equipped." For all these reasons and
more, one can understand Madagascar's satisfaction with this (most recent)
gesture by the Federal Republic of Germany, which involves a sum of 5 million
marks, or some 895 million Malagasy francs. In the eyes of the Malagasy
Government, it is a "major, cardinal fact that must be emphasized and properly
pointed out."

Three ports in the southeastern region of the country benefited from this new
demonstration of German-Malagasy cooperation. For Manakara, a 20-ton mobile
crane, two 3-ton forklifts, two 56-hp tractors, a sheet metal roller, sheet
metal folder, and a’welding and lighting generator are included, along with
spare parts. Mananjara received a 12.ton mobile crane and the same type of
equipment as that obtained by Manakara. Tolagnaro received the same type of
equipment except that it received two 6-ton mobile cranes, three 3,000-kg
forklifts and three 56-hp tractors. The three ports will also receive barges
as part of the German-Malagasy agreement. Bedo Joseph announced their delivery
by year's end! i

Madagascar's needs still remain enormous in this precise area of port equip-
ment. Even more serious problems exist elsewhere than in these three benefi-
ciaries of the West German gifts. But as Bedo Joseph revealed last week

in Manakara, these three port cities deserved the gifts (shouts of joy from
the crowd). In other words, it is up to the other lighterage companies,
local authorities and (why not?) producers in the different regions to prove
themselves if they also want to be supported in the future. Bedo Joseph
also spoke of the "fight against vandalism that should be waged." He assured
lighterage companies that the availability of such equipment does not mean
"layoffs, but relief for the dock workers in the hard work they do in the
absence of adequate equipment of this. size."

11,464
CSO: 3419/477

23



ANGOLA

Tan 84) ccececcccccccccccccccccscesssssssseeesseseceseseees 1
FAPLA Military Action Reported in Various Provinces

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 3 Mar 84) ..cccccceccccccccccccccsccscoe 7
Special Report on Electric Power Failures, Causes

(Victor Silva; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 29 Feb 84) ...secceseeeees 8
Briefs

Offshore Oil Production 12

BENIN

Official Visit of BADEA President Detailed

(BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION, No 325, 17 Feb 84) ..ssceeseeeee 13
Briefs

Benin Islamic Association Established 15

FRG Road Cooperation: Reported 15

ETHIOPIA

Joint Cooperation Agreement ‘Signed With Algeria

(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 23 Feb 84) .csccseccessececescevcess 16
Youth Week Being Observed Throughout Country

(Editorial; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 26 Feb 84) ..seseseseseee 17
Briefs

Delegation Leaves for Hanoi 19

Japanese Aid for Agriculture 19

Swedish Aid for Construction 19

RRC Concludes Agreement 19

FRG Donation for Refugees 20

Haile-Mariam Message 20

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]

JPRS-SSA- 84-040

- 3 April 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Dos Santos on Achievements, Mobilization Efforts
(Jose Eduardo Dos Santos Interview; PRISMA LATINOAMERICANO,



Ndugu Sanare said that rehabilitation work on vehicles of these organisations
were done in their workshops or in the premises of Incar Tanzania Limited,
in case of Fiat trucks, and buses, and at Leyland Tanzania workshop for the
Leyland makes.

Another recipient of EEC-funded repair project is the recently formed Kagera
Region Transport Company (Kagera-Retco) which has received one consignment
of spare parts, hand tools, tool boxes and batteries, worth 700,000/-.

Ndugu Sanare said that the project, expected to have been completed last
October, was extended for one year to facilitate the successful completion
of the remaining part of the programme.

To prepare ground for operations of the second phase of the project, to in-
volve the reconditioning of the old engines, gearboxes and differentials,
these components were now being collected from beneficiaries and kept ready,
he said.

Ndugu Sanare did not say when the second phase would take off.

cso: 3400/779

66


produced in the corresponding quarter of 1982. Sales of lead were 2,993
tonnes while 8,020 tonnes of zinc were sold.

The company recorded a profit on metal trading of K52.4 million against a
loss of K34.9 million incurred in the same quarter of 1982. The net interest
expense of K29.4 million was K17 million higher than the K12.4 million in-
curred in the corresponding quarter of 1982.

Exchange losses for the quarter amounted to K15.8 milléon compared with a gain
of K5.3 million in 1982.

“After taking into account mineral export tax, equity levy and income tax,
the company incurred a net loss of K24.4 million for the quarter, against a
loss of K43.4 million in the December quarter of 1982. For the nine months
to December 31, 1983, the cumulative loss was K14.4 million compared with a
cumulative loss of K120.1 million for the corresponding period of 1982,"
said the statement.

The statement also said that during the quarter under review, the Kwacha con-
tinued to weaken against the major currencies.

The Kwacha moved from K1--UK 0.493 pounds sterling and K1--US 0.738 American
dollar at September 30, 1983 to K1--0.457 pounds sterling and Kl--0.659 Ameri-
can dollar at December 31, 1983, representing a depreciation of 7.3 per cent
against sterling and 10.7 per cent against the dollar. The statement said
the board of directors has not declared a dividend.

cso: 3400/778

77



BENIN

OFFICIAL VISIT OF BADEA PRESIDENT DETAILED
Cotonou BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 325, 17 Feb 84 pp 14, 15

[Article: "Official Visit to Benin by the President of the Arab Develop-
ment Bank"

[Excerpts] Cotonou. The president of the Arab Bank for Economic Develop-
ment in Africa (BADEA), Dr Chedly Ayari, made an official visit to Benin
from 13 to 15 February at the personal invitation of our great comrade in
the struggle, President Mathieu Kerekou.

Outlining to the press the schedule of his visit of friendship and work in
our country, Dr Ayary said he was happy to accept the invitation of the
head of state and to be in a country which has always defended the just
cause of the Arab countries.

The president of the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa said
that his visit to Benin would also make it possible for him, together
with the Beninese authorities, to inspect the progress of the projects
financed by BADEA and those which are already in production. Included
are the Cotonou Independent Port, the renovation of which was partly
financed by his institution, and the National Cement Company (SOMACI),
followed by projects in progress such as the Nangbeto dam.

During his stay, Dr Chedly Ayari had the Cotonou Independent Port to
visit, then had working sessions with several ministers. At the end of
his three day visit, topped off with a dinner show given in his honor

at the Sheraton hotel, a final communique was published. In particular, .
it said:

During his stay, Dr Chedly Ayari twice had an audience with the head of
state.

During these audiences, the head of state and the president of BADEA made
a general survey of cooperation between Benin and the Arab Development
Bank. They took stock of projects already completed (National Cement
Company dams (SOMACI)), and the expansion of the Cotonou Independent Port
as well as new projects undertaken (Nangbeto dam and a survey of integrated
rural development in Oueme).

13



UPPER VOLTA

BILATERAL COOPERATION WITH GHANA OUTLINED
Ouagadougou CARREFOUR AFRICAIN in French No 816, 3 Feb 84 pp 13-14

[Article by Jean-Paul Konseibo: "Upper Volta-Ghana: Strong, Diversified
Ties of Cooperation"] .

[Text] From 4 to 6 February 1984, the revolutionary people of Upper Volta
joyously welcomed Capt Jerry John Rawlings, a prestigious guest, great
friend and comrade of the struggle, the chairman of the PNDC [Provisional
National Defense Council] and head of state of Ghana.

After his two brief stays in Po in September and November 1983, Comrade
Jerry Rawlings accepted with pleasure Comrade President Thomas Sankara's
invitation and paid a visit of friendship and revolutionary solidarity to
our country.

We should remember that the two men met in Po on 30 September 1983;
President Rawlings made a working, friendly visit there. At that time, the
two heads of state had talks on bilateral relations and regional and inter-
national problems. The atmosphere was cordial and sincere. A commission
was set up to increase cooperation between the two countries and peoples.
This is the high Ghana-Upper Volta joint commission on cooperation which met
in Accra from 14 to 18 November 1983.

"Bold Union," the joint military maneuvers, gave the two presidents a
second opportunity to meet in the historic city of Po on 8 November 1983.
For the first time, two African countries, motivated by the same
revolutionary faith agreed, without foreign assistance, to strengthen
their military cooperation by committing their armies to joint maneuvers.
The objective was to defeat any possible aggression from outside. As
Comrade President Thomas Sankara said, "A revolution which cannot defend
itself cannot be considered a revolution." The Upper Voltan and Ghanaian
armies, which are struggling for a just cause without expansionist desires,
quite simply intend to defend the achievements of their revolutions and
remain united with all oppressed peoples. "Bold Union" was an unprecedented
success for revolutionary internationalism. .

72



Training a Priority

The port of Maputo has 10,000 workers. Of this labor force, about 5,500 men
are longshoremen and the rest are in maintenance and operations. At the time
of independence, 75 percent of the workers were illiterate. Today only 1,500
of the longshoremen are illiterate.

“We have a secondary school at the port, which goes up to the ninth grade, and
students are selected in accordance with professional training needs. We also
have several workers enrolled in regular schools, in addition to those who have
been granted scholarships by the CFM-Sul." This is the general picture of the

improving educational level of the pont workers, as described by the port direc-
tor.

With regard to social services, the port of Maputo is providing about 5,000
light meals a day, plus 2,500 hearty soup meals to supplement the workers’ diet.

In addition, all the port workers receive vacations, as well as retirement rights,
free medical assistance and medicines.

6362
CSO: 3442/305

30



ZIMBABWE

CROP PRODUCTION CHIEF DISCUSSES MAIZE, TOBACCO, COTTON PROSPECTS
Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] THE early planted maize has been written off in most parts of the
country and some provinces are even reporting the dying of the late planted
crop, the chief of crop production for Agritex, Cde Douglas Neumbe, said
yesterday in a fortnightly crop and livestock sftuation report.

Cde Ncube said disaster was looming in Matabeleland South where the dryland
crop is now virtually a complete failure and, though other crops will be
holding on, yields will be much reduced.

"There is very little bulk in the grazing in all areas with serious problems
of overstocking," he said. "Large-scale movement of stock to areas with
better grazing will have to be undertaken to avert a crisis."

Though water supplies are still adequate, problems could arise in winter.

Most of the period was hot and dry in all provinces, but isolated showers

and thunderstorms of varying intensity were received in the later part of the
period except in both Matabeleland North and South and Masvingo which received
little or no rain. .

In Manicaland, early planted flue-cured tobacco has grown out reasonably well,
but the later crops still need more rain.

Dryland planted maize in the Eastern Districts will be down by 60 percent.
Sun-scorching in Mashonaland East has caused heavy losses of flue-cured
tobacco. Burley reaping is progressing under generally satisfactory condi-
tions.

Substantial failures have occurred in thecearly maize mainly due to lack of
pollination and yields will be poor in most areas.

Boklworm is playing havoc with cotton which has recovered in good rainfall
areas.

101



“Some members of the community GD's only work when it is in their own interests.
These opportunists only work when products show up in the stores or the coopera-
tines. Then they all want to "supervise,’ so they can acquire the products."

It is noted that Antonio Govanhica has been working in Nhaconjo since November
1983, heading a City Committee brigade which investigated the problems that
led to the formation of the new eight-member secretariat.

At the same meeting, the official announced that Nhaconjo was the first neigh-
borhood in this city to come under the process of reorganizing the GD's. He
said the process would be extended to all the rank and file structures.

Govanhica added later that the appointment of the new secretariat wuld. be fol-
lowed by the reorganization of the mass democratic organizations.

It ‘is noteworthy that the secretary of the Maquinino Dynamization Group has
also been dismissed, on charges of irregular practices.

6362
CSO: 3442/304

37



According to Saila, the activity has so far proceeded satisfactorily.
The concentration plant produces 36,000 tons of concentration products
this year and this amount is able to satisfy the need of the Tanga
factory.

Export is possible also in the future especially now that the border
between Kenya and Tanzania has been reopened. Saila predicts that there
will be a phosphate crisis in the world and then the internal supply

in regard to fertilizers will be important for Tanzania. Phosphate

can not be replaced with other substances.

All depends, however, on whether the authorities also in the future

will be able to secure the activities of the mine. The Finnish esperts
are going to leave Minjingu at the end of 1985. Saila considers it
important to secure--by means of development assistance--the continued
activities of the mine that has cost 70 million marks. The mine will
probably be able to function for another 20 years if the technical ability
is maintained.

Difficulties for Pharmaceutical Factory

The pharmaceutical factory that Orion started in Arusha in northern
Tanzania is an example of projects that have had significant problems

at the start. The factory was built in 1980 with development assistance,
but it has never reached its full capacity. Last year the utilization
of the capacity was only 21.6 percent of the planned level. In the
production of pills the capacity utilization was 21.6 percent but only

8 percent of the budgeted amount of vaccine ampuls were manufactured.

This year some Finnish experts are working at the factory. They are
of the opinion that the lack. of spare parts is the greatest hindrance
for the increase in the production. But if an apparatus breaks down
it may last months before the exchange needed for the spare part has
been granted. The raw materials are also imported, Finland will con-
tinue to support the acquisition of raw material for the factory.

The factory has an important task in that it, among other things, manu-
factures chloroquine, which is needed against malaria. However, the
experts are afraid that the factory is representing far too high a level
of technology, which is hard for the Tanzanians to maintain without
outside help.

9662
CsO: 3650/129

62


MOZAMBIQUE

MEASURES ADOPTED TO IMPROVE FOOD DISTRIBUTION
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 22 Feb 84 p 4

{Report on interview with Fernando Celestino Teovanine, of the District Direc-
torate of Domestic Trade, by Alexandre Chiure, in Chokwe, Gaza Province, date
not supplied] ;

[Text] The Bistrict Directorate of Domestic Trade [DDCI]

in Chokwe, Gaza Province, recently outlined important measures
to improve the current distribution system for essential
consumer products, reorganizing the sector and consequently
correcting various irregularities in the food distribution
process.

Specifically, nine members have been appointed to the supply
control commissions in the districts, replaeing those who
had made deals with some merchants to divert products for
their benefit, to the detriment of most of the people.

These measures are being accompanied by the designation of people's inspectors
in the commercial establishments in that district. Their specific function
will be to monitor the activity of the above-mentioned commissions and to report
periodically to the DDCI.

"We will also update the quotas for products allocated to the stores; many indiv-
iduals were dropped from the supply system because they had been evacuated during
Operation Production, and meanwhile the same quantities of supplies continue

to be sent to the respective stores," said Fernando Celestino Teovanine, district
director of domestic trade.

Combat Against Speculation

Recognizing that some individuals connected with trade in Choke engage in specu-
lation, particularly in the sale of clothing, the official explained that there
is a plan this year to intensify control over the sale of articles of clothing
in all establishments in the sector, including the hotel industry and consumer
cooperatives,

33



NIC DIRECTOR ISSUES PROGRESS REPORT ON VEHICLE REPAIR PROJECT
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Mar 84 p 1
[Article by John Waluye]

[Text] A TOTAL of 984 vehicles have been constructed and rehabilitated in
the vehicle repair project launched two years ago by the National Transport
Corporation (NTC) with a 112 million/- assistance from the European Economic
Community (EEC).

The NIC chairman and Managing Director, Ndugu Melkizedeck E. Sanare, said in
@ progress report issued in Dar es Salaam yesterday that 616 units of bodies
have been built on buses, trucks, trailers and wagons.

He said 260 vehicles were rehabilitated using spare parts sold to repair some
368 vehicles owned by parastatal organisations, government departments, co-
operatives and villages.

The remaining 108 vehicles were expected to be put on the road soon.

The project, launched in April 1982, and envisaged to repair 534 vehicles
including 200 Fiat, 187 Leyland, 22 Mercedes Benz and 125 Volkswagen transport-
ers and construction of bodies on some 750 vehicles, was progressing well, he
said.

Fifty three parastatals have already rehabilitated their vehicles under the
project. And some parastatals, government departments, villages and cooper-
ative societies have received supply of raw materials for construction of
bodies of vehicles allocated to them by the State Motor Corporation (SMC).

Beneficiaries of the project who received repair kits which comprise engines,
gear boxes, differentials and accessories, batteries and set of tyres include
the National Milling Corporation (NMC), the Tanzania Breweries Limited (TBL)

and National Bus Services, (Kamata).

Others are the Dar es Salaam City Council, the Tanzania Railways Corporation

(TRC), Shirka la Usafiri Dar es Salaam (UDA), the State Travel Service (STS)
and the Tanzania Posts and Telecommunications Corporation (TPTC).

65



Cotton picking has started in Masvingo, where the crop condition varies.
More rain is needed to fill both large and small dams.

In the Midlands, most drayland maize crop has failed except in the eastern,
central watershed and northern areas where small harvests are expected as the
reaping of the early crop is under way.

Cotton yield prospects will get a further knock from bollworm and square shed
due to extreme heat.

CsO: 3400/776

102



“Another consequence of the pact concerns Angola, Will the Luanda authori-
ties go through with their talks with their South African partners, or will
they continue to link their signing of an agreement to the granting of inde-
pendence to Namibia?"

"The problem which remains untouched in the affair is apartheid. The prospects
for its eradication have dwindled and will not be increased through interna-
tional (?indignation)," the paper writes in conclusion.

CSO: 3419/530

43



Rev Bredt said the youths themselves should also remember that "if we are to
live in peace, we should palce success in its proper perspective.

"People should constantly remind themselves on how best they can help to solve
youth unemployment."

cso: 3400/778

85



against the people of Grenada, . We do not believe there is any reason to
explain such aggression because Grenada is independent, sovereign and has
every right to solve its domestic problems by itself, That is why we con-
demn with the most profound indignation the invasion perpetrated by American
imperialism in Grenada. Our Politburo made a statement in which we once
again manifested our solidarity with the people of Grenada during these
difficult times.

We see with great satisfaction the example of courage. which.the Cuban workers
set once again, doing their duty and performing their internationalist mission
entrusted to them by the party, the Communist Party of Cuba, and their great
leader, comrade Fidel Castro, at the Grenada airport. |

These courageous comrades waged an unequal struggle.in which the forces of
imperialism were superior. With courage, honor- and. great bravery, they faced
the invasion by the United States of America. They made great sacrifices.
Several workers were killed or wounded, but once more, the people of Cuba and .
their Communist Party were dignified and displayed their courage and self-
sacrifice. These heroic workers fought to the last against a powerful
trained and well-armed enemy, the regular forces of the United States.

We congratulate that nation for giving-us one more example encouraging all
those among us determined to continue the fight against imperialism,

11,464
CSO: 3448/7



UPPER VOLTA

Bilateral Cooperation With Ghana Outlined
(Jean-Paul Konseibo; CARREFOUR AFRICAIN, No 816, 3 Feb 84)

Sankara: No CNR Hierarchization of Power
(J, Lestapis, Y. de Schaetzen; AFRIQUE-DEFENSE, No 70,

Jan 84) ..
ZAMBIA

ZCCM Shows Net Loss for Fourth Quarter 1984 After Taxes

(DAILY MAIL, 9 Mar 84) .eccccceccvscecccccvevssueeeeeeesees
Nation Makes Final Payment for Malawi Maize Shipment

(DAILY MAIL, 9 Mar 84) ..cccsccssccccccceccssaceeeeeeeesees
Kamanga Expresses Optimism About State Farms' Future

(SUNDAY TIMES, 11 Mar 84) ..ccscccssssccceveccscsecesseeess
Copperbelt Political Secretary Hails Soviet Union

(DAILY MAIL, 10 Mar 84) .ecssssccecccecevsccceccesssscsenes
Demand for Irrigation 'So High AFE Has Run Out of Stock’

(DAILY MAIL, 12 Mar 84) cecccccccccccccccccccscccssesaenees
Leaders Urged To Take Measures To Resolve Youth Unemployment

(DAILY MATL, 12 Mar 84) .sscecccccccccccccccccscscceeceuaes
Inaccessible Roads Hamper Rice Project Implementation

(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 9 Mar 84) .isscssceccccecscccceeceseseees
Briefs

SPCMU Operations 'Look Dismal’

Corridor Disease Threatening Cattle

Locusts Destroying Crops

ZIMBABWE

Reserve Bank Issues Quarterly Economic, Statistical Review
(THE HERALD, 13 Mar 84) .ccccscccccsccsscsssssssessescesees

Employers Reportedly Do Not Back Labor Proposals
(THE HERALD, 12 Mar 84) .icceccseccsccecccecccevcseccesecs

Hwange Power Station's Shutdown 'Has Ripple Effect'
(THE CITIZEN, 17 Mar 84) ..cccceccecsceecccuccevccecccevecs

Minister Says Government To Buy, Move Cattle From Drought Area
(Tendayi Nyakum; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 11 Mar 84) ..scssceceeces

-d-

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93



MOZAMBIQUE

COTTAGE TEXTILE INDUSTRY TO BE INTRODUCED IN REGION
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 20 Feb 84 p13
[Article by Jonas Cossa]

[Text] As part of the battle against nakedness, starting this year the people of
some regions will learn to manufacture cloth directly from the cotton which

they have produced. To this end, five rudimentary spinning and weaving machines,
tested and produced by Project FO-7, will soon be introduced in Sofala, Nampula
and Cabo Delgado provinces to carry out the program.

DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE learned from Bonni Carrier, director of the Clothing and
Fabric Program of Project FO-7, which is financed by the Scandinavian countries,
that a training course will soon begin for instructors to teach the individuals
who will be involved in implementing the program.

"In this preliminary phase, our idea is to train nine instructors, preferably
women who like to sew, who will be assigned to the three provinces," Ms Carrier
explained.

“At this time," she continued, "we are training an instructor for Sofala Province,
who will teach simple weaving techniques to the villagers of Mutoa, in Dondo."

It should be noted that the simple weaving equipment mentioned above consists
of three parts, all wooden: a spinning wheel, a spindle and a loom, |

Briefly, we can explain that a spinning wheel and a spindle are two simple spin-
ning machines, which can be made of scrap wood. The first, more modern type

is a mechanism with a wheel propelled by a pedal.

The so-called "spindle" consists of a circlet of wood with a thin shaft through
its center, on which the flax, or the thread, is wound. This small machine

has the advantage of being portable.

How the Cloth Project Came About

During our interview, we asked the clothing specialist how the Clothing and
Fabric Program came into being. She replied:

40



UGANDA

BRIEFS

FISHING VENTURE WITH PRC--A team of Chinese experts who have been in Uganda

to study how to develop the fishing industry in the country has recommended

a joint venture between Uganda and China in the development, processing and
marketing of fish. This was announced at.a reception hosted in their honor by
the minister of animal industry and fisheries, Dr Otim, at the Uganda Club.
The team leader, Mr (Gu Ya Fang) hoped the proposed joint venture will be trans-
lated into practical terms adding that China is willing to provide technical
and economic aid to Uganda. The minister of animal industry and fisheries,

Dr Otim, said that the Uganda Government is very appreciative of what has

been accomplished by the team and hoped this will go a long'way in strengthen-
ing the existing cordial relationship existing between China and Uganda. He
assured the Chinese study team that their draft proposals were being studied
with the view of realizing their quick implementation. Guests included Am-
bassador Ephraim Kamuntu of the office of the president. [Text] [EA180557
Kampala Domestic Service in English 0400 GMT 17 Mar 84]

cso: 3400/782

71



ZAMBIA

KAMANGA EXPRESSES OPTIMISM ABOUT STATE FARMS' FUTURE
Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 11 Mar 84 p 7

[Text] THE Party and its Government is optimistic about the success of State
farms in Zambia, Central Committee Member Mr Reuben Kamanga said in Lusaka
yesterday.

Mr Kamanga, who is Chairman of the Rural Development Sub-Committee, however,
said he was not happy with the rate at which the programme was going on since
it was launched by President Kaunda four years ago.

He attributed the slow pace to the unfavourable economic situation the country
was going through which could not allow all the farms to start off at the same
time.

So far, out of the 18 State farms which the President wanted established under
the K400 million Operation Food Programme, only three in Lusaka West, Mumbwa
and Petauke have been completed.

The presidential directive in 1980 said each of Zambia's nine provinces was
to have two State farms bringing the total to 18.

But Mr Kamanga said because of economic factors, the programme was slower than
anticipated.

"I am not happy with the progress we have made so far.

“The farms should have been at a much higher level than where we have reached.
Unfortunately, this has been caused by the unfavourable economic situation."

He hoped more State farms would take off this year.

He did not share the view that State farms had proved a failure in some
countries and could, therefore, not be relied upon as a national food supplier.

Mr Kamanga said the success or failure of everything depended upon management
and central control.

"Of course, if you have a poor management of anything, including that of a
State farm, you cannot expect to succeed in your venture."

80


Zs)

JPRS-SSA-84-040

3 April 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

Reproduced From
Best Available Copy

19990810 084

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

DISTRIBUTE



YOUTHS DEMAND OFFICIAL RESIGN--Hundreds of ZANU~PF youths early this week
staged a peaceful demonstration outside the (Tjiroro Dziva) District Council
offices at Murombedzi in Zwimba, demanding the dismissal of the senior execu-
tive officer, Comrade (Lezwi Magebe). They accused Comrade (Magabe) of mal-
administration and demanded his resignation because he is not wanted by the
people, Comrade (Magebe) told the Zimbabwe Information Service that the coun-
cil officials organized the demonstration. He also denied the allegations
leveled against him. However, he has agreed to go on 2 months leave pending
his resignation from the council. [Text] [MB160634 Harare Domestic Service
in English 0400 GMT 16 Mar 84]

MATABELELAND GOVERNOR DETAILS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM--The governor for Matabele-
land South Province, Comrade Mark Dube, says meaningful development occurs

in conditions of unity and peace. Addressing hundreds of people at (Avoca
Insiza) District in (Kulimvo), Comrade Dube explained that the government has
appointed governors to enhance progress-in development. He said as a governor,
he would listen to the problems facing the people in the province and submit
them to the prime minister, Comrade Mugabe. Comrade Dube told the rally that
one of the government's primary objectives was to form development committees
at village level. He pointed out that the committees, which would be chairéd
by local ward councillors, would forward recommendations to the district
council, where the district administrative chairman would pass on the resolu-
tion to the governor. The governor would then pursue the matter with central
government, said Comrade Dube, who urged the people to come forward with their
development priorities to ensure a good response from the government. The
governor warned employers who oppress their employees because of their politi-
cal affiliations, and also expressed concern at the number of complaints re-
lated to employer-employee relations, mainly because of political affiliation.
[Text] [MB190626 Harare Domestic Service in English 0400 GMT 18 Mar 84]

cso: 3400/781 END

106


SOUTH AFRICA

Implications of New Constitution
(Willie Esterhuyse Interview; DIE VADERLAND, 24 Jan 84) ...

Press Comment on Foreign Affairs
(Editorial; BEELD, 30 Jan, 6 Feb 84; DIE BURGER, 9 Feb 84)

Nuclear Threat
British Film on Biko
Kaunda Criticism

Alternatives for Black Development
(DIE VADERLAND, various dates) ..ccccesceccscscccsccscceces

Suggestions for Multiracial Coexistence
On Political Role of Blacks, Julius Jeppe Interview
On Political Future of Homelands, Editorial

Briefs
Missile Test Range
Communications With Uganda, Mozambique

TANZANIA

Finnish Ambassador on Setbacks, Successes of Aid Program
(Otso Immonen; HUFVUDSTADSBLADET, 6 Feb 84) ..scecescescees

Sokoine Stresses Importance of Soldiers’ Economic Problems
(Attilio Tagalile; DAILY NEWS, 15 Mar 84) .escccscceecceees

NIC Director Issues Progress Report on Vehicle Repair Project
(John Waluye; DAILY NEWS, 15 Mar 84) ..csccccccccsccccceece

New Dar as Salaam Airport Control Tower in Operation
(Musa Lupatu; DAILY NEWS, 15 Mar 84) .scssccccccccccccecces

Norway Gives Oil Development, Tacoshili Improvement Grants
(DAILY NEWS, 13 Mar 84) ..sssecccecccccccesceccceeeececeees

Zanzibar Announces New Import, Export Adjustment Measures
(DAILY NEWS, 14 Mar 84) ...

Sokoine Urges Increased Worker Productivity
(Attilio Tagalile; DAILY NEWS, 14 Mar 84) .

UGANDA

Briefs
Fishing Venture With PRC

46

49

52

58

59

63

65

67

68

69

70

71



Better Equipment

Regarding the development of the port to meet the newest demands in cargo
handling, the project for the container:and coal quays is going forward. In
addition, there are a series of projects to make the port more efficient.

“We are aware of the problems with equipment, but the improvements will have

tobe made in collaboration with the users; efficiency will depend on our coopera~

tion with the port's users," said the port director, speaking of future plans.

As an example of cooperation with users, the Maputo port director cited the

case of sugar. The port was handling 500,000 tons. This project was successful,
thanks to the involvement of the users. Also in this context, Dr Dinis added:
"We think it is possible to revitalize the port, because there is enough traffic.
This revitalization presupposes that the port will be used."

Regarding operations and equipment, the port of Maputo has 3 tugboats, 3 support
craft, 80 cranes and 120 pieces of various movable equipment. This equipment
has already been well used, so a basic concern of the port authorities is to
insure improved [maintenance].

To this end, a maintenance agreement was recently signed with the Portuguese
firm MAGUE, to insure the functioning of the cranes supplied by MAGUE. A contract
has also been signed with the FRG firm MAN, to help maintain the cranes which

it produced. .

Regarding equipment, we note the completion of the new facilities for handling
citrus fruit, an investment in which the principal client, Zimbabwe, shared.
The port of Maputo has new cold storage facilities for the citrus harvest cam-
paign, which will begin in about a month.

In the general cargo quays, the basic concem atthis time is to maintain a cer-
tain level of operationality. This goal is closely linked to good maintenance
of the equipment in this area of the port.

Containers, Cargo of the Future

"The port of Maputo must be competitive in terms of prices; hence we must adapt
it to the cargo with the most assured future, such as containerized cargo and
coal," Dr Diniz explained, regarding the modernization of the port.

Actually, given the security of travel and ease of handling, containerized cargo
has become the best method of shipping in recent times. Containerization facili-
tates rail transport, because the containers are suitable for loading on the
cars, for storage at the docks and for stowage on the ships themselves.

The container quay currently handles 16,000 tons per year, and the goal is to
reach 84,000 tons per year. This project will be executed in phases; the first

goal will be 30,000 tons and then there will be gradual increases until the
desired tonnage is reached.

28



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

SPCMU OPERATIONS 'LOOK DISMAL'’--OPERATIONS of the Southern Province Cooper-
ative Marketing Union (SPCMU) look dismal this year because of drought ef-
fects, general manager Mr Thomas Mudaala said in Choma. Although the union
had not yet assessed the damage to crops adverse effects were already being
felt and it was obvious his organisation would be affected. "We have already
instituted investigations with farmers in the region to find out how they have
been hit by the drought. "I think two weeks from now we should be able to
know how our operations have been affected." Asked whether the pioneer seed
maize from South Africa which had met with enthusiasm from farmers because of
its early maturity would have any impact on maize production, Mr Mudaala said
this would be determined after investigations. A snap survey of the fields
on Livingstone-Choma road showed that despite poor rainfall some farmers
will have a good maize harvest. The worst drought hit are Livingstone, Zimba
and a few places in Mazabuka and Kalomo. {Text] [Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in
English 11 Mar 84 p 7]

CORRIDOR DISEASE THREATENING CATTLE--Meanwhile, cattle population in Choma
has been threatened by the corridor disease. A spot check carried out by a
reporter showed that cattle owners, particularly from Mapanza had stepped up
the sale of their animals because of the disease. One farmer, Mr Alfred
Moomba from Mapanza said cattle were dying. When donfirming the seriousness
of the disease last week district veterinary officer, Dr Abdou Awadalia said
the situation was getting worse daily, particularly in Mapanza where 1,000
cattle had died in two years from the same disease. [Text] [Lusaka SUNDAY
TIMES. ff English 11 Mar 84 p 7]

LOCUSTS DESTROYING CROPS--KAYOMBO village 90 kilometres from Kabompo boma has
been swarmed by locusts which are destroying crops. Ward chairman Mr Julius
Mulaisha said yesterday that the locusts have almost convered the entire ward
and were devastating crops in their way those affected most are cassava and
maize crops.--Zana. [Text] [Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 12 Mar 84 p 5]

CsO: 3400/778

87



ZAMBIA

COPPERBELT POLITICAL SECRETARY HAILS SOVIET UNION
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 10 Mar 84 p 5

[Text] COPPERBELT political secretary, Mr Pickson Chitambala has hailed the
Soviet Union for the positive contribution it is making towards the oppressed
people of southern Africa and its role in maintaining internat#onal peace.

Speaking at a dinner held in honour of a visiting Soviet delegation at Ndola's
Captain's Cabin on Thursday night, Mr Chitambala said Zambia had much respect
for the Soviets because of contributions and sactifices made in the politi-
cal, economic and social fields of development in Zambia.

“I wish you also to know that we are very grateful to your country for her
continued support towards the liberation movements whose members are still
struggling to free themselves from the yoke of colonialism," he said.

He told leader of the delegation, Mr Oleg Miroshkhin, a member of the Central
Committee and deputy secretary of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, that the
visit would cement further the already existing fraternal and cordial rela-
tions.

This, he said, would allow both parties to explore new avenues of mutual co-
operation in the five areas of human endeavour.

In reply, Mr Miroshkhin told the diners who included Ndola governor, Mr
Alexander Kamalondo, that the delegation was convinced that the people of
Zambia had achieved a lot in all the five areas of human endeavour in the last
20 years under the wise leadership of President Kaunda and the Party.

He noted that relations between the two countries were developing successfully.

He pledged that his country would support Zambia in all its efforts in assist-
ing the liberation movements.

"The Soviet Union, like Zambia, is committed to the policy of peace and sup-
porting the liberation movements," Mr Miroshkhin said.--ZANA

cso: 3400/778

82



to supply a lantern to each member of the crews, which are made up of some of
the best cadres available, the lanterns soon stop working for want of batteries.

At all events, with normal consumption, there would not be so many demands and
the service crews could handle the job.

According to the EDEL directors, the hot season is considered the "peak period,"
because more power is consumed and consequently there are more breakdowns, which
are often aggravated by the heavy rains that are typical of the season.

Oscillating Current in Alvalade

The Alvalade district has for some time been the "victim" of continuous oscil-
lations in’the power supply. There are even periods when these last more than
a minute, which is considered excessive.

The directors say that this is because of consumer overload; in recent times,
consumption has more than doubled because of the living standard of the people
who have moved there, who have freezer chests, refrigerators and air conditioners.

The problem is no longer general. It has been localized because significant
improvements:to the system have»been7made.-in the district, although not
sufficient to guarantee a normal supply.

New Lighting System for Ilha de Luanda

Engineers Fontes and Meireles made special mention of the total darkness on
the Ilha de Luanda, one of the worst areas in terms of public illumination.

Although the difficulties mentioned above are partly responsible, it is also

a fact that the large number of lamp posts which have been knocked down in recent
years has considerably aggravated the problems with the already inadequate public
lighting system.

This is felt most on the Ilha de Luanda, where an alarming number of pests have
been knocked down (in themselves constituting foci of power failures), which
has left the island completely in the dark.

However, EDEL plans to completely remodel the public lighting system in this
island part of the city, principally the line that goes from the first round-
about (just before the Naval Headquarters) to Barracuda, using the median strip
between the traffic lanes. The new lighting will not be installed until pro-
tection is assured for the posts, which generally should come with the instal-
lation of curbing (of the type used on highways to prevent a vehicle from crossing
over from one side of the highway to the other).

EDEL admits is it unable to provide regular maintenance of the public lamp posts,
both for want of lamp bulbs and for want of unskilled manpower. Here the power
company officials added parenthetically that, ironic as it may seem, in a city
which has an overpopulation of more than a half-million people, they have had
difficulty hiring unskilled manpower--the simple laborers who dig the necessary

10



SOUTH AFRICA

ALTERNATIVES FOR BLACK DEVELOPMENT

Suggestions for Multiracial Coexistence
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 26 Jan 84 p 14
(Article: "Homelands Are Still Only a Starting Point"']

[Text] It was 25 years ago this week when Hendrik Verwoerd submitted his concept
of independent homelands to a surprised Parliament.

For the opposition party it was an incredible answer to the difficult problem of
accommodating black political aspirations.

For the nationalists it was the answer: we will do for others what we demand for
ourselves, nothing more and nothing less.

We can only be free by giving them their freedom.

And with that the step was set which has irrevocably established the geographical
foundation of our policy.

Meanwhile four homelands have become independent even though the world has not yet
had the good insight to cooperate. Another one is almost on the way, and some of
them are too small to really stand on their on feet; still others are as yet ab-
solutely refusing.

However, Hendrik Verwoerd's homeland policy has appealed to us so much in security,
in certainty about the future, that we have become blind while seeing and deaf

while hearing.

We did ‘not want to touch the problem of the Colored- and Asian voting rights “be-
cause that would not fit into Verwoerd's system.

Why, for example, would only black people make up different peoples and not Asians
and Coloreds? If they don't have any territory, then let's give it to them; those
who wanted to put truth into the system even suggested that.

The Verwoerd system, the complete answer to the problems of the country, did not

make any provision for urban blacks. The latter were all in the homelands, and
what we saw around us in the streets must have been merely an optical illusion.

52


It wis they who will decide the extent to which the cattle will be fed in
feedlots as opposed to grazing land in suitable areas.

“Since keeping cattle in feedlot pens was ar expensive operation, what we
believe they will do, is look at available facilities and decide the best
methods of maintaining the animals."

Senator Norman said the producer price for beef has been increased by 15
percent, effective from the beginning of March.

The increase would not be passed on to the consumer, he said.
"This is to the account of the CSC and it is not an automatic 15 percent in-

crease to the consumer," he said. The price of beef was controlled through
the butchers’ shops by the Ministry of Trade and Commerce.

cso: 3400/776

94



Diversified Cooperation

The two leaders had at the time agreed to consult each other regularly to
achieve their shared objectives; we must ‘plate President Rawling's visit of
friendship and revolutionary solidarity to our country in this context.

The Upper Voltan people, appreciative of such a sign of friendship and
solidarity, showed its pleasure and at the same time expressed its gratitude
to the Ghanaian people and its leader. This is as it should be. After the
pro-imperialist coup d'etat of 17 May 1983 when the Upper Voltan patriots
were driven back to Po, Ghana represented a buttress and an inestimable
moral support. It is true that a friend in need is a friend indeed. The
4 August revolution was both a victory and a consolidating factor for the
two revolutions.

Captain Rawling's visit to our country then came at a time when relations
between Upper Volta and Ghana are in very good shape at all levels.
Consequently, we must systematically strengthen these special ties for the
greatest good of the two peoples and the success of the two revolutions.

For that reason, the conclusions of the session of the high Ghana-Upper
Volta joint commission on cooperation, which met from 14 to 18 November 1983
in Accra, should be implemented as quickly as possible. The agenda of the
proceedings included economic and trade topics, judicial, political,
cultural, tourist matters and other subjects. In short, the basis for
many-sided cooperation has been laid between the two countries. To

increase economic and trade activities, the two parties decided to upgrade the
transportation and communication networks, thus facilitating free movement
of goods and people. Experts from the Ghanaian and Upper Voltan Posts

and Telecommunications must do everything possible to assure smooth
functioning of the links and to standardize their equipment.

There is a new agreement to expand the marketing of lumber, salt and cocoa
nuts to the Upper Voltan people. In return, Ghana which previously imported
meat from South America can now get cattle and meat from our country. Thus,
the Corned Beef Factory of Ghana can obtain beef from our country in the
future.

Eliminate Difficulties

In the energy sector, Ghana is ready to extend the hydroelectric energy from
Akosombo to our country. The only remaining obstacle is of a technical
nature. It involves feasibility studies and coordinating the two
distribution systems.

Cultural matters, just as important as the preceding topics, will likewise
be truly promoted. Television programs, journalists and radio broadcasting
supplies will be exchanged. An exchange program of professors, high school
and college students has also been approved and athletic events will be

promoted. In this context, a Ghanaian football team, the Sekondi Hasaakas,

73

—


In light of the problem, and because of the constant complaints by many members
of the population, in November 1983 the Party District Assembly determined to
organize an investigating committee to study the matter in detail and to discuss
it with the proprietors of the stores involved. The committee included repre-
sentatives of the PPM [Mozambican People's Police], the Health Ministry, the
Justice Ministry, the 0JM [Organization of Mozambican Youth] and the DDCI itself.

One of the committee's findings was that the merchants involved in the speculative
clothing sales had been ordering shipments of clothing from somewhere in the
_eity of Maputo and at very high prices » through illegal channels. For this
reason, they charged exorbitant prices for the articles of clothing, allegedly

to cover their expenses. "Suitable measures will be outlined to put a stop to
this situation," Teovanine guaranteed.

To illustrate this speculation, it is enough to note that a long-sleeved shirt,
similar to those sold in the capital for 750 meticals late in 1983, is being
sold for more than 1,500.00 meticals in Chokwe.

Disorganization in Consumer Cooperatives

Chokwe District currently has 25 consumer cooperatives distributed over various
locations and communal villages; 2 of the cooperatives are in the city of Chokwe.
There are several irregularities in their operations, with cases of profiteering
by the workers with the collusion of the store officials.

Intolerable practices are witnessed daily in these commercial establishments,
clearly indicative of the corruption and irresponsibility of some members of
the management commissions, who "invent" forms of merchandizing which allow

them to siphon off great quantities of goods for their families and friends.

A specific example of an establishment typical of this disorganization and abuse
is the "Josina Machel" consumer cooperative, in the "Terceiro Bairro" communal
village in Chokwe District.

First Commissioners, Then Members

"We have received various products, such as bread, beans, soft drinks » Wine,
eggs, syrups and other foodstuffs. During the holiday season we had pans, tubs,
bowls and so on, but those who managed to acquire them were primarily members

of the workers' commissions and their friends, plus a few members of the coopera-
tive," said Zuleca Hassane Narci, a member of that cooperative, aged 28, a native
of Maputo who lives in Chokwe.

In view of these irregularities, which have become constant and habitual for

the members of the "Josina Machel" cooperative, Narci went to the DDCI to report
the problem and to ask for an explanation of the existing supply system, but

no steps were taken to correct the situation. Before then, she had already spoken
with the secretary of the dynamization group in her neighborhood, but he had
showed no interest in solving the problem,

34



SOUTH AFRICA

. IMPLICATIONS OF NEW CONSTITUTION
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 24 Jan 84 p 10

[Interview with Professor Willie Esterhuyse by Otto Krause: "From the Backyard
to the Cash Register" ]

[Text] According to all indications the new constitutional system will take
effect still this year. This means an entirely new policy for South Africa, and
how that will be carried out is a subject for considerable reflection.

Otto Krause has taken a look at the new political plan together with Professor
Willie Esterhuyse, philosopher and well-known political observer of Stellenbosch
University.

[Question] How do you see the future white policy? What will the new issues be?

[Professor Esterhuyse ] The first important point in connection with the white

policy is that the language boundary from now on will no longer be an emotional
political boundary. There will be greater political cooperation between the .--
language groups, and national unity will not be merely an ideal, but a reality.

The PFP [Progressive Federal Party] will be a decreasing minority party. ‘The KP
Conservative Party] will not become a country-wide force; its influence will
be local.

Another important point is that our policy will be aimed at a settlement amoung
groups.

In my view the following will be among the most important questions at issue:

~-The political accommodation of blacks outside of the independent and national
states. It may be expected that the thinking on that will be less ideologic and
dogmatic than in the past and more practical and realistic. That will also be
the result of negotiation processes and not of blueprints thought up in an
office somewhere.

--It also includes the political and social demands made by black urbanization and

the growth of a black middle class. Toward the year 2000 and afterward, urbaniza-
tion will be the most important socio-political problem of South Africa.

46


The easiest path to their greater economic independence goes through South Africa,
the country which has the best access to the skill, knowledge and financial
capability to help those countries develop.

Such a development also includes big advantages for South Africa. The healthy

economic interdependence which grows from that could lead to prosperity for all
the countries of the subcontinent.

8700
CSO: 3401/50

51



--It may also be expected that bread-and-butter questions will start playing an im-
portant role among whites. Many whites still are not willing to pay for their po-
litical security and think that they can continue to maintain their high standard

of living.

--There will also be problems with respect to the elimination of statutory dis-
crimination. The 19th century [as published] liberalists in South Africa will
plead naively for an immediate elimination of that. The rightists will resist.
Realistic groups will work toward an evolutionary process.

[Question] What will be the first task of our whites?

[Professor Esterhuyse] First of all I should like to mention that we should guard
against fatalism when some of our plans and ideals perhaps don't work out. A
fatalist attitude with respect to the future of whites in South Africa is more
dangerous than the terrorist activities of SWAPO, the ANC or the communists.

Second, I should like to say that we must make ourselves indispensable to southern
Africa through our ingenuity and leadership.

Third, whites will have to become much more directly involved in political questions
instead of merely keeping busy with tea parties and vegetable gardens in their back-

yards.

Fourth, a conscious attempt by all patriotic citizens of South Africa will have to be
made to build good relations across the color- and cultural barriers. This applies
not only to white people but also to non-whites.

[Question] What do you think the aims of the Colored and Asian population groups
are with the new system?

[Professor Esterhuyse] In my view there is a greater degree of political maturity
and realism in Colored and Asian ranks. The yes-man attitude which some manifested
in the past has disappeared, and the no-man attitude of others has also changed.

There is a sincere desire among a large group of colored people to make a positive
contribution in the interest of South Africa. Therefore they let themselves be
guided less by the aspirations of blacks and more by the interests of Coloreds and

Asians.

In my view this is related to what I like to call "the silent revolution," namely
the steady upward mobility of Coloreds and Asians toward a middle class status.

To put it more clearly: they are trying to immigrate from the backyard to spots
behind cash registers and lecterns.

In the light of that, they will work especially toward the following goals within
the new system:

47



ZAMBIA

ZCCM SHOWS NET LOSS FOR FOURTH QUARTER 1984 AFTER TAXES
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 9 Mar 84 p 3

{Text] THE Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines [ZCCM], made a prcfit before tax
of K7.2 million but after mineral export tax, equity levy and income tax, the
company incurred a net loss of K24.4 million for the quarter dnded December 31,
1983.

This is contained in the company's quarterly statement released in Lusaka
yesterday.

The statement said that total sales revenue for the quarter was K348.5 mil-
lion, an increasevof 66 per cent over the K209.8 million achieved in the
quarter ended December 31, 1982.

This was due to the fact that the average price of copper, at K2,083 per
tonne, improved markedly on the price of K1,381 per tonne during the same
period of 1982 as a result of the depreciation of the Kwacha and the higher
metal prices which prevailed during the quarter under review compared with
the corresponding quarter of 1982.

Copper production for the quarter ended December 31, 1983 was 133,908 tonnes
compared with a forecast of 160,850 tonnes for the period and 137,276 tonnes
achieved in the corresponding quarter of 1982.

For the nine months period under review, production, at 423,612 tonnes, was
53,178 tonnes below forecast and 746 tonnes lower than the tonnage produced
in the same period in 1982.

The statement said that the production shortfall resulted from the serious
ceastraints encountered by the company arising from critical shortages of
spares andcconsumables and the low equipment availability.

Cobalt production was 538 tonnes, 72 tonnes higher than the 466 tonnes pro-
duced in the December 1982 quarter. Cobalt sales, at 795 tonnes, were also
higher than the 520 tonnes sold in the same quarter of 1982 as a result of a
slight improvement in demand.

Lead and zinc production of 3,349 tonnes and 8,491 tonnes, respectively,
was 1,104 tonnes and 832 tonnes, respectively, higher than the tonnages

76



ZAMBIA

INACCESSIBLE ROADS HAMPER RICE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 9 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] INACCESSIBLE roads in Chama district of Eastern Province is hampering

the implementation of the K1.2 million rice scheme scheduled to be completed
next October.

Africare resident representative in Zambia Ms Karen Jenkins said in Lusaka
yesterday her organisation which is implementing the project, might be
forced to continue after October because its aim in Zambia was to offer help
where it was needed.

Africare in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Develop-
ment would review the project and see whether it was necessary to extend the
period.

In case of extension attentian would be focused on the improvement of roads

and additional training to reinforce what Africare and the ministry had been
doing.

Mrs Jenkins said the idea behind the extension of the project would be to
ensure that when Africare finally left, the scheme would be self sustaining.

The rice scheme was intended to increase rice yields and promote mechnised
farming among peasants in the district.

Africare and the ministry had agreed to improve roads in the area to boost
rice production.

Ms Jenkins scoffed at criticisms from certain quarters that it was a mistake
to introduce mechanised farming in the area, saying Chama had a lot of poten-
tial in agriculture.

The rice scheme was initiated in October 1981.

CsO: 3400/778

86


“Project FO-7 was conceived to improve the living standard of the rural popu-
lation. When we made a socioeconomic study of the population, to learn about
the cultural conditions, we were confronted with a situation." Bonni Carrier
paused for a moment, and then continued:

“We were told that the biggest problem they have is the lack of clothing; about
87 percent of those interviewed said that if they had any money, the first thing
they would buy would be clothes, and they all mentioned clothing to us.

"At the same time," Ms Carrier continued, "the rural population was producing
cotton, but not all of it was being marketed. From this came the idea that
we could come up with a way to help the peasants solve their clothing problem
themselves."

Carrier explained that after sounding out the people, Projext FO-7 began to
consult “books on traditional methods of cloth manufacture, and also to study
the local conditions."

Pursuing this idea, the workers in that agency (which is a part of the MONAP
program) went to work to see if the weaving techniques used by other peoples
in medievaL tiniés could be applied in rural Mozambique.

Development

"With this program, we also tried to bring the women into the project, because
the women are not yet very much involved in activities to improve the living
conditions," our interviewee noted, adding:

“When we demonstrated the weaving techniques, many women, particularly members
of the OMM [Organization of Mozambican Women], indicated an interest. We started
with children, with clothing for children. At this time we have some women pro-
ducing cotton thread with the spindles, and we will soon be introducing the
other machines."

Carrier also reported that after the success with making cloth, “our problem
is to find ways of decorating it with local resources. We are studying the
feasibility of producing cloth dyes from roots and some local fruits," she said.

The simple techniques will be introduced to the people in groups, through the
organization of small associations. "We have more ideas to support the development
of the commmunal villages, but we are going to present them gradually, as we
overcome the problems," Carrier added.

It is noted that the program is being conducted in the communal villages of
Najaca and Mocone (Nampula Province), Matiquite (Cabo Delgado) and Mutua (Dondo).

6362
CSO: 3442/305

41 ,



Exchange of Notes With Japan
Increase in Coffee Production

MADAGASCAR

German Aid for Port Development Reported
(MADAGASCAR MATIN, 20 Feb 83) .cccsescccccccccccccccceccece

Japanese Aid Projects, Gifts Reported
(MADAGASCAR MATIN, 16, 20 Feb 84) ...ceccccccsccccccccceecs

Japanese Aid to Rice Growing
New Buses in Antananarivo

MALI

Briefs
Mali Joins UMOA

MOZAMBIQUE

Projected Port Expansion Termed Urgent Need
(Filipe Ribas; TEMPO, 4 Mar 84) ..

OTM Leader Returns From Cuban Labor Conference
(NOTICIAS, 2 Mar 84) ...seeeee eee eeeeesenenes

Measures Adopted To Improve Food Distribution

(Fernando Celestino Teovanine Interview; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE,

22 Feb 84) .....

Party Cells Created in Communities To Complement Dynamization Groups

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 29 Feb 84) ..scscscecccccvcvcccreves

New Lumber Mill Equipped With Modern Machinery
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 10 Feb 84) ..

Cottage Textile Industry To Be Introduced in Region
(Jonas Cossa; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 20 Feb 84) ..

SENEGAL

LE SOLEIL Criticizes Mozambique-South Africa Pact
CAFP, 17 Mar 84) secccccccceccecessssntseeeeteereeeesesees

Envoy Condemns ‘Treacherous Attack’ Against Omdurman
(SUNA, 17 Mar 84) .csssccccececccccncccceeceevcessesscesees

SOMALIA

Ethiopian Relief Commission Efforts Scored
(HEEGAN, 9 Mar 84) ...

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4h

45



“Our area has been very quiet and I have not met anyone who says he has ever
seen dissidents. All we hear are rumours that they have been seen in other
Places asking for food."

Cde Mpofu said some children had been unable to attend school because of
hunger and a number of villagers had been going to the Ingwizi Irrigation
Scheme to ask for food.

"Most of the time the people at the irrigation scheme had nothing to sell but
on occasions they sold each person one cob of maize."

At Brunapeg, 18 km east of Mphoengs, Sangulube Stores sold 180 bags of
mealie-meal and hundreds of bags of maize grain and mealie-meal were dis-
tributed by the drought relief committee.

At Zezani, about 600 people cheered and ululated as three DDF lorries deliver-
ed 456 bags of maize on Saturday for distribution as part of the drought relief
programme.

Cde Ketani Mayo (45) of Dendele village, said nobody in his area had died of
hunger and the only death since the curfew began was that of an elderly woman.

"I cannot say she died of hunger," said Cde Moyo.

Authorit#es were convinced people would cooperate with them on the issue of
dissidents.

People in one village were said to have volunteered to compile a list of dis-
sidents operating in the area and those families with dissident connections.

The journalists’ first-hand observations at stores and distribution points in
the curfew area contradict a statement made by Zapu leader Dr Joshua Nkomo
in Bulawayo yesterday.

He told a Zapu rally that food was still not reaching the curfew areas and that
some people had died of starvation.

Dr Nkomo said if the people of Aimbabwe wanted a one-party state, they should

have it, but if they did not, a one-party state should not be foisted upon
then.

The Government would have to show the people what a one-party state was and
what it involved and then leave it to them to choose, he told the rally.

CSO: 3400/776

104



He also urged them to make reading a daily habit. The government's aim was
to build an army whose personnel were not only highly trained academically
but which could also handle atest weapon systems, he said.

The Prime Minister said since the Government had abolished the colonial
military system which stipulated that some soldiers would not rise beyond

the ranks of private, it was imperative that the soldiers took up the chal-
lenge of educating themselves.

cso: 3400/779

64


as Donald Woods and the exaggerated international obsession with South Africa take
care of that, but also the tragic details of how Biko came to his end.

The extent to which his story affects people is reflected by the attention given in
London to a play on the Biko trial, as well as by the suspicion that Sir Richard
Attenborough, producer of the successful movie "Gandhi," is looking into the pos-
sibility of making a movie about Biko.

With such a film the South African Government will undoubtedly be again presented
to millions of people as an oppressor of blacks.

May South Africans find solace in the fact that other nations also have events in
their past which they prefer not to rescue from oblivion! Precisely in "Ghandi"
the evil face of colonialism is shown! Now the same British are preaching to
South Africa.

When others sin, that doesn't mean that South Africans should not do what is Tight.
This holds in that we ourselves must show the world that we are not really uncon-
cerned about incidents in our past such as the Biko case.

Kaunda Criticism

Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 Feb 84 p 16
[Editorial: "Interdependent"]

[text] President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia is wrong if he thinks that South Africa
desires to force its neighboring states into being dependent on it.

No one denies the fact that they have been dependent on South Africa to some extent
for many years. If that dependency has increased in the past few years, it is
primarily due to the recession of the economy in those countries, as in fact is
true in every black country south of the Sahara.

This is not the first time that President Kaunda blames South Africa for the
problems in his country and in southern Africa in general. South Africa is a
handy scapegoat for him, just as it is for leaders of various other black states.

Less and less people are being led by the nose by that these days. One realizes
that the economic recession of those countries cannot be blamed solely on the world
recession and droughts, Factors such as corruption, ethnic clashes, a population ex-
plosion and a great lack of skill also play an important role.

It is easy for President Kaunda to say that black neighboring states are prepared
to suffer economically for the sake of economic sanctions against South Africa, but
he has never really fitted his actions to his words. Fortunately certain neighbor-
ing states realize that such attempts toward economic self-torture in reality will
merely make them even more dependent on South Africa in the end. They also realize
that they will get only promises and arms from the Soviet Union while their people
yearn for bread. Due to their enormous debt burden, loans and financial aid from
Western countries are not as easily to come by as during the first hopeful years of
“uhuru" (freedom).

50


ZIMBABWE

RAILWAY SYSTEM FACING 'ENORMOUS TASK' IN MAIZE TRANSPORT
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 9 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] ZIMBABWE'S railway system faces an enormous task over the next 12
months in transporting the maize the country will need to import to meet the
shortfall in the 1983/84 harvest. About 1 000 trains will be required to move
1.2 million tonnes of maize for Zimbabwe and Zambia.

Informed opinion agrees that, with full cooperation between the National Rail-
ways of Zimbabwe (NRZ), the Zambian Railways (ZR) and the South African Trans-
port Services (SATS), the systems will cope.

Zimbabwe's maize deliveries to the GMB this year will probably be slightly
under 600 000 tonnes. Last year's deliveries were 617 000 tonnes which, to-
gether with one million tonnes in stock at April, 1983, gave a total of

1 617 000 tonnes. Of this, 200 000 tonnes has been exported or donated to
other countries, leaving a balance of 1 417 000 tonnes for local consumption
over the last marketing year.

This confirms the figure of 3 800 tonnes as the country's daily consumption
of maize from the GMB. This consumption figure includes purchases by the
millers for grinding into roller meal, and by stockfeeds manufacturers.

A complicating factor this season will be the unknown amount of retentions of
maize by commercial and communal land farmers. With the severe shortages of
maize experienced in varying periods over the last marketing year, many com-
mercial farmers have said that they will retain sufficient stocks on their
farms to feed their workers for the next year. Communal farmers undoubtedly
will also adopt this approach. How much their retentions will reduce the
amount of the crop actually delivered to the GMB can only be estimated at
present.

The GMB begins the next marketing year with virtually empty silos, and esti-
mated deliveries of 600 000 tonnes. The Government has announced that it has
purchased 40 000 tonnes from Malawi and the British Government has donated
10 000 tonnes, also to be purchased from Malawi. The United States has
donated 30 000 tonnes which will arrive in South African ports within the
next month.

99



MADAGASCAR

JAPANESE AID PROJECTS, GIFTS REPORTED
Japanese Aid to Rice Growing
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 16 Feb 84 pp 1-2

[Excerpts] President Didier Ratsiraka constantly recommends increased agri-
cultural production in general and rice production in particular.

Many efforts have been made in this direction and the year 1983 was labeled
as the Taona Zina or the Year of Production.

"The greatest country in the year 2000 will be the one achieving food self-
sufficiency while exporting the surplus," President Ratsiraka said.

Since the beginning of the month, two Japanese experts have been visiting

the administrative districts of Toamasina, Mahajanga and Antananarivo to
familiarize Malagasy technicians with the use of herbicides which that country
has just given us. They are Dr Hirano from Sumitomo-Chemical and Mr Ogawa
from Hokko-Chemical. Both explained the use of the antibiotic fungicide
known as Kasumin, the insecticide Sumithion and the combined fungicide-
antibiotic-insecticide called Sumicidin. Why wete these three districts
chosen?

It should first of all be noted that these two officials are giving training
to technicians from the Agricultural Extension Directorate and the Agricul-
tural Supply Directorate of the Ministry of Agricultural Production and
Agrarian Reform.

The choice of Mahajanga is justified by the location of the areas cultivated
by FIFABE [expansion unknown]. The training seminar was held in the chief
town of that district on 13 February.

Madagascar's bread basket, Toamasina must, not be neglected, which is why the
first seminar was held on 10 February. Finally, regarding Antananarivo, the
seminar was held in Nanisana yesterday.

Another example of Japanese-Malagasy cooperation has thus just been given.

Actually, the herbicides improve the growth of rice while killing insects
and increasing yield per hectare. It should be emphasized that the two

24


and daily food supplies from maih depots to distribution centres in aid of
compatriots affected by natural and man-made calamities in Erero and Borena
provinces of Sidamo region. The organization is known for its valuable as-
sistance particularly in drilling water wells in Bale, Gondar and Sidamo
regions. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Feb
84 p 8]

FRG DONATION FOR REFUGEES--The government of the Federal Republic of Germany
has donated 2.1 million Deutsch Marks (around 1,634,877 birr) for the re-
habilitation of Ethiopian refugees returning from neighbouring countries.
The disclosure about the FRG donation to the Relief and Rehabilitation Com-
mission was made by Mr. C. Mitchell, Deputy regional liaison representative
for Africa, according to the RRC. Of the total donation, 1,089,918 birr is
earmarked for relief and the balance for rehabilitation. ‘The RRC further
disclosed that the government of the Federal Republic of Germany has also
donated 2,500 tons of wheat and allocated 194,628 birr to assist the govern
ment of Socialist Ethopia and the United Nations High Commission for Refugees
in their joint effort at providing emergency relief assistance to the recent
influx of Sudanese refugees in Illubabor region. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE
ETHEOPIAN HERALD in English 25 Feb 84 p 1]

HAILE-MARIAM MESSAGE--Comrade Mengistu Haile~Mariam, Chairman of the PMAC

and of COPWE and Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, has
sent a special message to the party general secretaries of socialist

countries. The message is to be delivered by Comrade Fisseha Desta, Assis-
tant Secretary-General of the PMAC and COPWE Executive Committee member,

who left for Berlin here yesterday on the first leg of his mission which will
also take him to Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Rumania and Poland. Com-
rade Fisseha was seen off at the head of a four-man delegation by Comrade
Legesse Asfaw, PMAC Standing Committee and COPWE Executive Committee member,
Comrade Teke Tulu, PMAC Standing Committee and COPWE Central Committee mem-
ber, Comrade Fisseha Geda, Commissioner of the Ethiopian Tourism Commission
and COPWE Central Committee member, Comrade Bizuayehu Alemayehu, COPWE

Central Committee Alternatécmember and Deputy Head of COPWE Central Com-
mittee's Administration, Justice and Defense Department, as well as by the
ambassadors of the six socialist countries. Comrade Fisseha Desta said on
departure from the Airport that, besides delivering Comrade Chairman Mengistu's
special message, the delegation will hold talks on the strengtheing of rela-
tions between COPWE and the parties of the six socialist countries and ex>
change views with a view to the mutual enrichment of experiences. (ENA) [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Feb 84 p 1]

EXCHANGE OF NOTES WITH JAPAN-~An exchange of notes was signed here yesterday
between the governments of Socialist Ethiopia and Japan providing for the ex-
tension by the latter of a grant in the amount of 392,366,000 yen (equivalent
to 3,265,292 birr). The grant represents part of Ethiopta's annual repayments
to Japan under existing credit agreements. The exchange of notes was signed
by Comrade Tesfaye Dinka, Minister of Finance and COPWE Central Committee
member, and resident ambassador Suketaro Enomoto of Japan, on behalf of their
respective governments. The grant, which is the fifth of its kind, was in
accordance with the March, 1978, resolution of the ninth special session of

20


ZIMBABWE

SELECTED FOOD SHOPS OPEN IN PARTS OF MATABELELAND SOUTH
Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 84 p 1

{Text] BULAWAYO. MAIZE meal, rice and sugar were quickly snapped up from the
shelves after selected shops opened in parts of Matabeleland South on Satur-
day, the first time they have been allowed to operate since a curfew was de-
elared on February 3.

For the first time since the start of the curfew, drought relief committees
distributed maize grain and mealie meal to hundreds of peasants.

The peasants, who crowded the shops to buy food and get drought relief sup-
plies, disclaimed any loyalty to dissidents and pledged their support to
security force efforts to bring peace.

However, they said a major problem they had faced because of the curfew was
hunger as shops were closed and they could not buy food.

Local journalists visited several centres in the curfew areas, including
Brunapeg; Mphoengs, Masera, Madlambudzi and Zezani at the weekend, and
interviewed some of the peasants and shop operators.

At Mphoengs, 96 km south of Plumtree, 70 50 kg bags of mealie meal were sold
out in less than 30 minutes at Skinner Stores, and each bag was shared among
five customers.

One customer, Cde Edward Mpofu, a father of six, said he had walked 8 km from
a neighboring village.

"My family has been living on goat meat and marula fruit juice since the cur-
few was imposed," he said.

"I appreciate the need for security and peace in this area but I wish the
Government could allow stores to operate during the curfew."

the dissidents were fighting for.

|
He did not think the peopke supported dissidents as they did not know what
103



Ganancia said the OTM particularly hoped that the friendly labor organizations
would respond with aid to our country, to minimize the effects of the disasters
on our economy and our people.

The Mozambican union leader also noted the fact that Fidel Castro, leader of
the Cuban Communist Party and president of the Republic of Cuba, had presided
over all the sessions of the 15th CTC Congress, which was attended by all the
Cuban political and government leaders.

Ganancio conveyed a message from the OTM to the congress delegates and the Cuban
workers.

Strong Cooperation with Soviet Labor Organizations

Jose Correia Ganancio returned by way of Moscow, where he met with members of
the Central Council of Soviet Labor Unions. During his 3 days there, he discussed

matters related to the signing of another union cooperation agreement with the
USSR for the 2-year period 1984-1985,

The other cooperation accord expires this year. Noteworthy, in addition to

the multifaceted aid, including material assistance, granted by the Soviet labor
unions to the OTM, is the professional training program, in which some Mozambicans
are currently receiving technical and professional training in Moscow.

A union delegation from the USSR will visit our country this year, to extend
the cooperation accord and to establish more areas for relations with the OTTM.

6362
CSO: 3442/305

32


[Professor Jeppe] Such a commission would have to put emphasis on a political
system for primarily urban blacks and on the socioeconomic aspects of their
situation.

[Question] Black leaders have indicated, however, that a confederate setup is not
acceptable to them. What advice do you have in that respect?

[Professor Jeppe] Such a commission of investigation can thoroughly consider al-
ternative possibilities. Since it also represents the black leadership, the com-
mission can probably come up with recommendations which are acceptable.

The advantage of a commission of investigation is that its work is generally done
in private and won't be so much in the public limelight. Thus it offers a favor-
able manner of investigating alternative models and of coming up with considered
recommendations,

[Question] Is socioeconomic reform perhaps not more important for blacks than
political reform?

[Professor Jeppe] One cannot separate those two, and the necessity of, for ex-
ample, the development of new towns in the process of improving black housing is
an area of priority, as is also the question of black manpower development in
order to meet the economic requirements of an increased rate of growth--for which
technical and professionally trained people are absolutely necessary.

Also the upgrading of the level of general education of blacks is an old area of
priority.

The development of a black middle class around home ownership and a greater free
enterprise is just as important in promoting stable political communities. In
this respect the 99-year leasehold system has furnished a big contribution. (This
is something I think should be expanded to West Capeland also.)

[Question] How do you see the role of the existing Cabinet Committee in this
area?

[Professor Jeppe] It is an important starting point and indicates the government's
awareness of the need for reform. However, I think that the entire problem must be
investigated through means of cooperation with black representatives.

The task is really too broad and too profound for a cabinet committee as such, and
the lack of black participation is a deficiency.

Finally I want to point out that the political system for Coloreds and Asians has
enjoyed priority during the past 5 or 6 years. It is understandable that in this
reform process black problems have lagged behind. But on the other hand one should
realize that the government cannot do everything at once.

56


came to our capital for several friendly games. The two countries are
beginning to participate in each other's cultural festivals. Thus, the
Ghanaian cultural troup took part late last year in our national week of
culture. In turn, Upper Volta is scheduled to attend Ghana's national
festival of arts and culture in the near future.

After concluding agreements on tourist and judicial-political matters,
the two countries decided to eliminate the unnecessary difficulties for
their respective citizens. When the final report of the joint
commission on border demarcation is presented, the two countries with
similar political options that have chosen to live in harmony will be
then able to maintain good neighbor relations free from any threat of
conflict.

By visiting Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, Comrade Captain Rawlings
definitively sealed a pact of friendship and solidarity between the two
peoples united by many ties; they have always maintained all kinds of
trade links.’

The strong ties between the Ghanaian and Upper Voltan peoples should remind
the nations of our continent of the need to harmonize their policies at all
levels to raise their peoples’ standard of living and effectively support
the struggle of the oppressed peoples of Azania and Namibia. Kwame
N'Krumah, the great pan-Africanist and revolutionary patriot, already
glimpsed such a vision of African unity; he devoted his entire life to the
struggle for independence and unity in Africa.

Today, Captain Rawlings is the political heir of this pan-African, revolution-

ary ideal. The Upper Voltan people is honored to welcome this African
patriot who continues the work of Kwame N'Krumah.

9479
CSO: 3419/487

74


MALI

BRIEFS

MALI JOINS UMOA--Bamako (AFP)--Some 22 years after leaving the franc zone
in March 1962, Mali signed an agreement confirming its membership in the
UMOA [West African Monetary Union] on 17 February 1984, thus making its
official return to the African monetary zone tied to the French franc. The
principle of reintegration was agreed upon in October 1983 during the summit
of West African heads of state in Niamey, after long, hard negotiations
between Mali and its prospective partners; there was joint pressure from
the IMF and France. For a long time, one obstacle to Mali's reintegration
into the West African monetary community was its border dispute with Upper
Volta, a neighbor. . This conflict still has not been settled; however,
since Capt Thomas Sankara came to power in Ouagadougou, he has been more
favorably disposed to Mali, according to some observers. Nevertheless,
Mali must reintroduce the CFA franc--replacing the present Mali franc--
before the agreement goes into effect fully. No date has been set so far
for this currency change which creates a climate of uncertainty. Since
1967, parity has been 2 Mali' francs to 1 CFA franc. The reinstatement

of the CFA franc will mean a 50 percent drop in the monetary value of all
prices and wages. [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French 19-20 Feb 84 p 4] 9479

CSO: 3419/487

26


ZIMBABWE

HWANGE POWER STATION'S SHUTDOWN ‘HAS RIPPLE EFFECT’
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Mar 84 p 12

[Text] HARARE.--The Hwange power station has been shut down and is having a
ripple effect throughout Zimbabwe, the Financial Gazette said yesterday.

No power is coming from the station and emergency measures to reopen the
Umniati power station between Kwekwe and Kadoma which was put into mothballs
last year, have been taken. All other electricity undertakings in Zimbabwe
are also trying to step up their local power production and to shed loads
wherever possible, the Gazette says.

To add to the problem, the Kariba South Bank hydro-electric powerstation has
developed a fault in one of its machines and the North Bank power station is
undergoing maintenance. Urgent measures are being taken to bring this sta-
tion back into operation as soon as possible so that it can generate full
power.

Electrical engineering and industrial specialists who know of the Hwange
problem this week described them as a "hidden catastrophe," the newspaper says.

No official comment on the full extent of the power crisis has yet been made,
but it appears to be widely known in industrial circles in Harare and Bula-
wayo among other centres.

"All undertakings in Zimbabwe have been asked to go on to maximum generation."

Industrialists in various areas said they were concerned about the problem and
lack of official details.-~Sapa.

cso: 3400/776

92



ANGOLA

FAPLA MILITARY ACTION REPORTED IN VARIOUS PROVINCES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 3 Mar 84 p 1

{Text] In its offensive against the puppet groups, in the last 2 weeks the
Angolan Armed Forces [FAPLA] have conducted military operations culminating
in the destruction of several bases and the recapture of war materiel.

On 22 Feburary, the FAPLA killed 12 guerrillas as the latter were attempting
an attack on the commune of Casal and the bridge of the same name, in Lunda
Sul Province. On the same day, in an action against a bandit base located

30 kilometers from Cacolo, the government forces recovered a K-21 machine. gun,
hand grenades, 60mm mortar shells, G-3 cartridge clips and various documents.

In Huila Province, the FAPLA attacked a group of bandits in the area of Calussuma,
42 kilometers from Chicomba, killing 7 puppets and capturing 2, liberating 18
civilians and recovering arms and ammunition.

On 21 February, in a cleanup operation in Malajne Province, 337 civilians who
had been under puppet control were liberated.

FAPLA action in Kuanza Sul and Benguela provinces resulted in 13 guerrilla
casualties and the capture of a 60mm mortar, a G~3 weapon, 2 PC rocket launchers
and 14 hand grenades.

Moxico: 85 Enemy Casualties

In the past few days, 3 operations conducted by the Angolan forces resulted
in 85 guerrilla casualties, according to official sources contacted by the
Angolan news agency ANGOP.

In the first of these operations, in the area of Luau Municipio, the bandits
sustained 54 casualties and the government forces recovered 47 weapons of various
types, a 60mm mortar, 79 cartridge clips, 27 shells, 4 grenades and 57 mines
(INTERNATIONAL PRESS AGENCY)

Also in the area of Luau, along the rail line, 31 bandits were killed on 24
February. They left behind 9 "akm's" and 11,250 rounds of ammunition of various
types.

Finally, on the same day, 14 kilometers from Lucasso, there was an attack against
another group of bandits, who fled at the approach of the government forces,
abandening weapons and ammunition. It is noted that it was civilians who reported
the presence of the bandits and requested assistance from the people's army

to combat them.

6362
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UPPER VOLTA

SANKARA: NO CNR HIERARCHIZATION OF POWER
Paris AFRIQUE-DEFENSE in French No 70, Jan 84 p 40
[Article by J, Lestapis and Y, de Schaetzen]

[Excerpt] To help us understand the organization and chain of command of
the CNR [National Council of the Revolution], Captain Sankara told us

that “as.revolutionaries, there is no leadership mystique, no leadership
quarrels among us. To say that I am the head of the CNR, followed by
Captain Compaore, then Major Lingani, then Captain Zorgo is only a diagram
which the public has retained by dint of repetition and thus has convinced
itself. However, that does not correspond exactly to the division of
responsibilities as individuals devoted to the revolution: this
hierarchization in the allocation of positions is just a bourgeois concept
which we must, moreover, fight. That is why, at times, this or that comrade
will preside at a ceremony, rather than another person; we do not wish to
bow to traditional protocol. Moreover, unanimity exists within the CNR.

As proof of this, when I was at the Franco-African summit in Vittel,
comrades kept me informed by telex or telephone of everything they were
doing. Although far from Ouagadougou, we guide the work which should be
done here. You know, even when I am in your capital, a crowd committed

to the revolution can demonstrate without mentioning my name because that is
not necessary. That is very good." Speaking of Captain Blaise Compaore,
state minister without portfolio, often mentioned as the number two man

in the CNR, President Sankara said that, "We should know the evolution
which led us to create the CNR and then this question would be unnecessary.
We have long known that each of us had duties compatible with his abilities.
Made strong by the knowledge of our respective experiences, we all now
understand what we do in the name of revolutionary discipline to which

we have long been committed. Thus, what we do as revolutionaries does

not stem from duties listed bureaucratically but from a deep, intimate
conviction of what we must bring to the revolution. This involves doing
what we did before it became official, with total openness."

9479
CSO: 3419/487

75


But Zambia was optimistic that with good management, there was no reason why
the farm programme should fail.

The Party and its Government was determined to see the project succeed be-
cause the nation's future lay in agriculture.

Mr Kamanga said paaces where the State farms would be established in the pro-
vinces had been located.

"In some of the areas, feasibility studies have been made while in others this
is being done."

When the President launched the multi-million Kwacha Operation Food Programme,
he named 27 countries and organisations which had pledged to help Zambia imple-
ment the food projects.

cso: 3400/778

81



Faced with the escalation of the enemy's aggression, which following the
occupation of Cunene Province in 1981, was an attempt to begin deep penetra-
tion of our territory by the regular South African forces, with the support
of UNITA bands, the Standing Commission of the People's Assembly passed a law
creating the regional military councils as the organ responsible for heading
up all political-military, economic and social activities in the areas most
affected by enemy action.

For the adoption of this law, we considered that the target of the South
Africans and of the UNITA was to reach the ‘most important zones, with the
double intention of forcing the legitimate government of Angola to negotiate
with the puppets and traitors and destroy the Angolan revolution, while also
weakening or annihilating the South-West African People's Organization (SWAPO),
vanguard of the Namibian people.

This exceptional solution, which justifies the mobilization of material and
human resources in the area, does not exclude or relegate to a secondary level
the activity of the party, since the chairman of the regional military coun-
cil is provincial party coordinator. The regional military council directs it’
its daily activities based on party guidelines, always consolidating the

ties existing between the MPLA-Labor Party and the people, the guarantee of -
victory over the South African invaders and their lackeys.

[Question] What do you consider has been and is the role of youth and Angolan
women in the defense of their revolution?

[Answer] The problem of the defense of a revolution threatened by armed ag-~
gression is the problem of all the people because. the people are the main
beneficiary of the results of the political, economic and social transforma-
tions occurring in society.

The special attitude of our youth people and the Angolan woman, toward the .
main tasks of the moment, including the defense of the homeland, is in perfect
harmony with the decision made by the people to fight the enemy without rest
so that the country will never again be under the yoke. Consequently, young
people have been trained with’ enthusiasm and true patriotic sentiment in the
armed forces in order to defend the conquests of: the revolution on the front.
lines. Our women, organized in the Organization of Angolan Women (OMA),

do important work, along with the young people, aimed at making all people
aware of the urgency of defending the country. The results of this work have
been satisfactory.

[Question] How do you view, the Emergency Plan and what is its situation at
present? :

[Answer] The Emergency Plan was another great measure taken by our party
that went into effect this year, concentrating attention on the key areas of
the economy so as to face the grave situation the country has in this area
because of the resources that have to be diverted to wage war, the economic
crisis and the lack of trained personnel.



Winding up debate on his ministry, Mr Mwananshiku also assured the House that
appropriate measures would be taken to eliminate corrupt practices by Govern-
ment officers responsible for processing loan applications.

The ministry would ensure that all applicants were treated fairly and without
any discrimination.

On fears by some backbenchers that the country had been mortgaged because of
heavy borrowing, the minister said the picture painted was untrue. Borrowing
was vital if development was to take piace, he added.

Prime Minister Mundia has urged the new Zambian High Commissioner to Malawi,
Mr Phillimon Lyombe, to perform his duties diligently to uphold the good
relations existing between the two neighbouring countries.

The Prime Minister said this yesterday when Mr Lyombe paid a farewell call
on him in his office in Lusaka. Mr Lyombe, who took offh last Friday at
State House, leaves for Lilongwe today.

Mr Mundia reminded him that Zambia and Malawi were trading partners. "We
are importing maize from them and they are importing cement and other com-
modities from us."

He said it was the duty of the high commissioner to facilitate the easy move~

ment of goods between the two countries, adding that this was a big and
challenging assignment.

cso: 3400/778

79



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CIVIL SERVICE--BULAWAYO. THE inspectorate division of the Public Service Com-
mission may be boosted to check nepotism and to control the use of public
funds, the Minister of State (Public Service), Mr Chris Andersen, said on
ZTV's The Nation programme on Sunday. He said inefficiency which sometimes
occurred in the various Government sectors was largely due to inexperience

on the part of the civil servants. The inefficiency was not a result of

"lack of academic qualification". The PSC usually conducted training courses
in the main fields of civil service to improve work performance. The object
of the job freeze was to limit the number of appointments made by the various
ministries. Ministries were tempted to try and get more staff than necessary.
Should a minister convince the PSC that it really needed a vacancy filled
then it would be unfrozen. The 15 percent salary increase for specialists

in the civil service was taken as an immediate step to stop the brain drain
in the public service. Despite the salary increase the gap between the pri-
vate and public sector wages had not been bridged, he said. Mr Andersen said
he would not be able to say whether there would be a general salary review
this year as the Government had promised last year. This was because of
budgetary considerations which had to be made according to the economic per-
formance of the country. [Excerpt] [Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 84

p 3]

CATTLE STARVATION DEATHS--GWANDA.--More than 60 000 cattle have starved to
death in Matabeleland since October 1982, according to a spokesman for the
Department of Veterinary Services in Gwanda. The spokesman said more than
40 000 cattle had died between October 1982 and October 1983, and 20 000 had
died since them.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 Mar
84 p 13]

IMPROVED TOBACCO CROP-~ZIMBABWE is expecting a total of 110 million kg of
tobacco this season--15 percent above last year's figure, a spokesman for the
Zimbabwe Tobacco Association announced in Harare yesterday. The spokesman

said that the quality of the crop was one of the best ever grown in the country.
"The major part of the crop is not reaped yet, but it has the potential of being
one of the finest we have ever grown," said the spokesman. However, some of the
tobacco had been affected by drought in some parts of the country and the rain
had been patchy, the spokesman added. The Tobacco Marketing Board has an-
nounced that the opening of the 1984 flue-cured tobacco auction sale will be

on April 10.--Ziana. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 84 p 1]

105



ZIMBABWE

EMPLOYERS REPORTEDLY DO NOT BACK LABOR PROPOSALS
Harare THE HERALD in English 12 Mar 84 p3

{Text] EMPLOYERS do not support proposals in the Government's long-awaited
Labour Bill to give the workers' committees wider powers of negotiation, a
says the president of the National Commercial Employers’ association, Mr Mike
Britten.

Mr Britten, who is also a council member of the Employers' Confederation of
Zimbabwe, says in the latest issue of Commerce, a monthly magazine published
by the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce, that of specific concern will
be the right, conferred by the Bill, to negotiate wages and conditions of
service.

“The concept is that industrial councils and boards where trade unions and
employers are represented will set the basic wage for the industry and then
individual workers’ committees will negotiate with the management of their
own organisations to establish the best possible conditions of service and
wages for their members," said Mr Britten.

He indicated that this system had not been supported by employers and it was
anticipated that it would lead to considerable unnecessary negotiating at in-
dividual workers' committee level.

Negotiations

He says the organisation would have to train businessmen in labour negotiati-
ations as this was something they had never done before. It was previously
left up to employers' associations.

"In effect every businessman will be down in the front line of negotiation
with his own workers," Mr Britten says.

Mr Briteen also says that Emcou wants a closer working relationship with the
Government.

He says 1983 was the first year in which the organisation was really able to

operate "in the full sense of being an umbrella to represent employers to
Government".

90



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MISSILE TEST RANGE--Capetown--Construction on the Krygkor missile test range on
the Bredasdorpse coast will probably start still this year, but the range is not
expected to be in full operation until about 5 years from now according to a
Krygskor spokesman yesterday. A spokesman for the department of community develop-
ment said yesterday that appraisers are in the process of appraising properties in
the area. The various properties have been indicated and the owners have been
traced. Appraisers will inspect the various properties together with the owners
concerned if the owners prefer that. [Text] [Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 26 Jan
84 p 6[.8700

COMMUNICATIONS WITH UGANDA, MOZAMBIQUE--South Africa is talking very hard with the
vest of Africa, and this happens not only at the highest level behind closed doors
--the common man also gets to have his say. That is the deduction that can be
made from two items in the annual report of the Postal Service which was submitted
to the House of Assembly this week. According to it, a direct telephone service
was recently established between South Africa and Uganda, as well as a microwave
network between South Africa and Mozambique. The direct telephone service between
South Africa and Uganda was put in by the Spade satellite system according to the
annual report. Before the satellite system was put in, calls from South Africa to
Uganda had to go via the United Kingdom and Kenya. It looks as if the recent
diplomatic contact between South Africa and Mozambique went hand in hand, as it
were, with the Postal Service's own "outward" movement to Africa. According to
the annual report the “bare cable telephone route" between South Africa and
Mozambique was replaced during the past year by a microwave communication system.
The Postal Service expresses the hope that the quality of the connection with
Mozambique has improved considerably. Thus good news for people with friends and
family in Uganda and for those who hope that shortly they can call Mozambique
again to arrange their vacation. [Text] {Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans

10 Feb 84 p 5] 8700 .

CSO: 3401/50

58


--The confederation contains an additional state, namely a multi-racial Witwaters-
rand, and the blacks vote where they live.

--With a stroke of the pen the homelands are made much larger, without buying up
ground or moving people, and includes white villages in order to increase their
economic basis.

The smallest homelands are swallowed by the large ones and even by the white/
Colored state.

--The homelands and independent black states become regional governments which
send representatives to a senate with a Lower-House where a consociative model is
built in, as in the American model.

--The confederation is a variation of the above-mentioned models by accepting
Natal as a member, country, a condominium of Transkei and Ciskey with its white
belt as another one, plus a similar regulation for everything north of Warmbad.

Along with the other data such as Bophuthatswana and the white/Colored state,
the Rand of course stands on its own again as a multi-racial state.

One does not want to give the impression here that all those are models for the
Cabinet Committee which is going to reflect on the black political future--and
thus also on that of white and colored people.

Not at all.

What is certain, however, is that Dr Verwoered has brought to naught the idea of
one man, one vote in a unitary state, or better yet--it should no longer be a
question in our policy.

That idea is dead--just as the original homeland idea. From now on we should
ignore both of them.

On Political Role of Blacks
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 31 Jan 84 p 10

(Interview with Professor Julius Jeppe by Otto Krause: "Options for Constitution~
al Black Development" |

[Text] In his opening speech before the new Parliament last Friday, State Presi-
dent Marais Viljoen stressed the fact that constitutional development is not
limited to the white, Colored and Asian population groups. Now that the regula-
tions for those groups have in general been approved, it is clear that a settle-
ment with respect to blacks must receive priority from now on.

Otto Krause interviewed Professor Julius Jeppe, an expert in black politics at the
University of Stellenbosch, on that subject.

[question] How urgent is the task of constitutional enactment in the eyes of the
blacks?

54



ETHIOPIA

JOINT COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH ALGERIA
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 23 Feb 84 pp 1, 6

[Text] Socialist Ethiopia and the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
yesterday signed a five-year agreement providing for joint cooperation ven-
tures in the economic, technical and cultural fields of endeavour.

The agreement, which was signed by the foreign ministers of the two countries,
paves the way for the establishment of a joint commission that would supervise
the implementation of the accord.

Speaking at the end of the signing of the agreement at Bole International
Airport, Comrade Goshu Wolde, Foreign Minister and COPWE Central Committee
member, noted that special significance is attached to the agreement signed
following the visit of Dr. Ahmed Talib Ibrahim, polit bureau member of the
Algerian Liberation Front (FLN) and Foreign Minister of the People's Demo-
cratic Republic of Algeria, for it was the first of its kind intended to
force closer relations between the two countries.

In a statement prior to departure, Dr. Ahmed Talib Ibrahim declared that he
was very must satisfied with the constructive and fruitful talks he had
earlier with Comrade Chairman Mengistu Haile-Mariam, Chairman of the PMAC
and of COPWE and Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Armed Forces, as
well as with the views he exchanged with Comrade Goshu Wolde.

Explaining that the talks he had with Ethiopian officials during his working
tour t6 Socialist Ethiopia have helped to create conducive atmosphere for
forging closer relations and for launching joint projects Dr. Ibrahim em-
Phasized that the two countries have agreed to make unreserved efforts to
enable the Organization of African Unity become influential on the inter-
national scene.

Algeria will do all it can to translate this agreement into acount for it
gives priority to strengthening relations with Ethiopia, Dr. Ibrahim noted.

The Algerian Foreign Minister also expressed confidence that the common anti-
imperialist stand of Ethiopia and Algeria and the common policy they pursue
towards strengthening the OAU, will further strengthen their relations.

The Algerian delegation led by Dr. Ahmed Talib Ibrahim was seen off at Bole
International Airport by Comrade Goshu Wolde and officials of the Algerian
Embassy in Ethiopia. (ENA)

CsO: 3400/777
16



SOMALIA

ETHIOPIAN RELIEF COMMISSION EFFORTS SCORED
Mogadiscio HEEGAN in English 9 Mar 84 pp 1, 6

[Text] MOGADISHU, Thursday--A press release by the Somali National Commission
for Refugees on Monday described as "mere concotions" reports said to have
emanated from Abyssinia's so-called "Relief and Rehabilitation Commission"

to the effect that about 300,000 refugees had returned there from refugee
camps in the Somali Democratic Republic.

The Somali National Commission for Refugees states that no refugees, whatso-
ever, had left the refugee camps in this country to return to Abyssinia and
the people they speak of are people under the rule of that regime who were
forcibly herded into various camps with the aim of using them to solicit
international aid in the form of funds, food, transport and other materials
and equipment.

The statement points out that Abyssinia had been conflicting numbers on var-
idous occasions in its desperate propaganda campaign to obtain world assis—-
tance, each time the numbers being followed by an appeal from Addis Ababa
for emergency aid.

"Abyssinia's claims that refugees returned from the SDR to that country are all
the more ridiculous when refugees from that country continue fleeing in large
numbers to the Somali Democratic Republic and other countries neighbouring
Abyssinia," the statement asserted.

“This latest claim by Abyssinia cannot be strange to the ears of the world
public for Abyssinia is known by the world to have a reputation for coming up
with illusory sensational stories to confuse world opinion nor would it be
surprising at all if they came up with yet another tactic of numbers of non-
existent refugees" the statement concluded.

cso: 3400/780

45



SOUTH AFRICA

PRESS COMMENT ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS

Nuclear Threat
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 30 Jan 84 p 10

[Editorial:"Ad Astra"]

[text] "Per aspera ad astra" is a slogan which has been encouraging human beings
for centurs to reach for the stars. This slogan acquired special significance
last week when President Ronald Reagan, the one man who has the power and means to
really reach the stars if he wants to, foreshadowed the building of a permanent
station in space as a first small step toward outer space.

It is striking that he came with this astral idea to . mankind especially during

a period when the destructive effect of a nuclear war is being brought to the same
‘mankind through a movie, The Day After. It is so terrifying that even the people
of South Africa's Nuclear Energy Corporation warn against it:

It is ironic that the technical ability of mankind has brought itself closer than
ever to self-destruction, but at the same time closer than ever to the unreachable--
the stars. And in the middle of this contradiction stands the man who certainly will
leave his mark on 1984, Mr Ronald Reagan. The man who says that arms are peace.

The man who also says that the United States is too large for small ideals.

His people have to decide this year whether he has met their expectations as
president. Whether he is right when he says: "The United States is back."

In South Africa his performance will be watched with great interest.since, just as
is true for the rest of the world, much of our future is also in the hands of
Ronald Reagan. We too fear an Armageddon. However, many of our contemporaries
here on earth act as if we don't belong here.

British Film on Biko
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 6 Feb 84 p 6
(Editorial: "Albatros"]

[Text] Steve Biko’s death turns out to be an albatros around South Africa's neck
* which cannot be shaken off easily. Not only propagandists against the country such

49



ZAMBIA

NATION MAKES FINAL PAYMENT FOR MALAWI MAIZE SHIPMENT
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 9 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] ZAMBIA HAS made the final payment of K2 million for a consignment of
maize which the country has imported from Malawi to cover this year's short-
fall, Prime Minister Nalumino Mundia told Parliament yesterday.

Contributing to debate on the Ministry of Finance, Mr Mundia said the payment
was made last week, and explained that the shortfall was caused by the current
drought which had adversely affected crop yields in the whole region.

He described the prevailing economic situation as "very grave," adding that
the Government had no alternative but to divert a lot of money to cover
maize imports.

In January, Works and Supply Minister Haswell Mwale told a Press conference
that 477,956 bags of maize out of the 660,000 imported from Malawi had ar-
rived.

The Prime Minister appealed to the House to give Finance Minister Luke
Mwananshiku and his staff the necessary backing to enable them to implement
“pragmatic plans" which they had taken to improve the economy.

He commended the minister for widening the sources of revenue, thereby boost-
ing government coffers which previously depended on copper for 90 per cent of
the revenue.

Mr Mundia was happy to note that the ministry was still searching for new
means of raising revenue.

And Mr Mwananshiku urged the Agricultural Finance Company (AFC) to find ef-
fective measures to improve its loan recoveries so that if could have more
money to lend to farmers.

He said experience in the past had shown that the debt collection methods of

the aFC were ineffective, hence the large sums of money in outstanding pay-
ments.

78



excavations in the urban zone of the city, where the entire system is under-
ground,

They added that this is also one of the reasons why complaints are not attended
to promptly. A hole that could be dug in 2 or 3 hours may take 2 or 3 days,
and once it is dug, if there is an urgent call elsewhere, the hole may not be
closed up again for want of the men to do it.

Consumers Blamed

Another factor contributing to the irregular power supply and faulty maintenance
is that, any time there is a breakdown, the customers automatically become elec-
tricians, fooling with the boxes and changing the phases; sometimes a breakdown
that could have been taken care of simply by replacing a fuse will then require
an excavation and a major operation.

There is also the fact that there is no general monitor board for the system,
which means that a breakdown often goes undetected if the consumers do not com-
plain. For this reason, customers should report any loss of power to EDEL,
because this is the only way the company will be aware of breakdowns outside
the range of the two substations, which are continuously monitored.

Food also has something to do with the slow service in restoring power. According to the EDEL
officials, it is very difficult to get good performance from crews which are
working outside, subjected to the sun and rain and without any food to compen-
sate for their efforts. For example, if a worker is out making a repair and

he has not had breakfast or lunch, it is unlikely that he will go on working
all afternoon.

Generators Not EDEL's Responsibility

We asked EDEL's technical directors about the maintenance of the generators
installed in the various companies and institutions that require an uninterrupted
power supply.

It was explained that this maintenance is solely the responsibility 6f the
institutions and not of the distributor.

Engineer Mario Fontes said that for some time, in various articles and reports,
the newspaper has been giving the idea that EDEL is responsible for the function-
ing of the generators, which is not the case; the consumers are aware that the
distributor cannot guarantee a power supply 100 percent of the time and that
they must maintain their own emergency generators. He cited the case of the
Americo Boavida Hospital; when there is a power failure it is completely in

the dark, and surgery has had to be completed by candle light.

This, then, is the electric power situation in the capital city.

6362
CSO: 3442/303

11



Put in other words: they were here only temporarily.

We have the answer, don't we: the blacks have their homelands, we have their
labor, and as to Coloreds and Asians, a kind of second-hand intermediate step
would temporarily serve while we allowed ourselves the luxury to believe that that
system is the truth--and where it doesn'tfit, we try to make it fit.

But that system was not the truth,

John Vorster already started to realize that, but he didn't want to run the risk
of the consequences which a public acceptance of that fact necessarily would

bring along.
P.W. Botha was prepared for that, however.

He freed us from thinking in terms of a system, of wanting to find the truth mere-
ly because a theoretical approach seemed as if it contained the answers, without
taking the practical aspects into account.

This made it possible to face certain truths. One of those truths was that the
Verwoerd system had no room for Coloreds and Asians.

Therefore they could be included in the white part of the system The same is
true for Asians, but with respect to blacks we are still thinking too much in
terms of the system.

Naturally it is a fact that a geographic foundation was laid for the policy of
the country. No one can deny the existence of the homelands and independent states
or even destroy their continuation unless they themselves participate voluntarily.

Even an ANC government would find it very difficult to simply order Transkei or
Bophuthatswana to stop existing.

Whatever the future political solution with respect to blacks may seem like, it is
certain that the geographic division which already took place will have to be taken

into account.
And it is a fact that Verwoerd laid the foundation for that.

But--and this is the true difference-~the homelands are no longer the answer but
merely a starting point. Various possibilities do not only exist but ought to

exist.
Just look at some of them:
--A confederation comes about with homelands and independent states as members to-

gether with the white-Colored state. Urban blacks still exercise their political
rights only outside of the white/Colored state. This option is not considered

viable everywhere.

It should of course be accepted that that model cannot be attained.

53



Marketing Authority Official Discusses Beef Industry's Problems
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 9 Mar 84) ..ecesccecccecccenvceees 95

Minister Assures Nation Maize Supplies Will Last Through 1985
(THE CHRONICLE, 9 Mar 84; THE HERALD, 10 Mar 84) ...sseeee 97

Minister's Statement
Minister's Statement Applauded, Editorial

Railway System Facing 'Enormous Task' in Maize Transport
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 9 Mar 84) .ecsseccseccevcccsveeece 99

Crop Production Chief Discusses Maize, Tobacco, Cotton Prospects
(THE HERALD, 10 Mar 84) ssscccccccccccccecccccceecececeees 101

Selected Food Shops Open in Parts of Matabeleland South
(THE HERALD, 12 Mar 84) .sscccscsecsssccccececsssesesevees 103

Briefs
Civil Service 105
Cattle Starvation Deaths 105
Improved Tobacco Crop 105
Youth Demand Official Resign 106
Matabeleland Governor Details Development Program 106
-e-



TANZANIA

SOKOINE URGES INCREASED WORKER PRODUCTIVITY
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Mar 84 p 1
[Article by Attilio Tagalile]

[Excerpt] THE Prime Minister, Ndugu Edward Sokoine, has called on workers
in the country not to be discouraged by the current problems and instead they
should double efforts for increased production.

Ndugu Sokoine made the call when addressing workers and management of the
Kagera Region Transport Company (Kagera-RETCO) at Kashai, a few kilometres
from the town centre here yesterday.

The Prime Minister said that problems at places of work should be regarded as
usual phenomenen, adding that human beings should always struggle to overcome
problems.

There was no easy way out, Ndugu Sokoine said, of attaining efficiency except
through hard work. "If we want to succeed we must work hard," he emphasised.

The Prime Minister, who was responding to a report by the Kagera-RETCO Acting
General Manager, Ndugu Wily Kisimbo, commended the management and workers of
the company for the good work they had done. The company was formed late last
year.

He said although the company started with numerous problems, it was encourag-
ing to note that there were visible signs of promissing future for the infant
company.

Ndugu Sokoine, however, appealed to the workers to be patriotic and honest
in their day to day work, saying that not all would like to see the existence
of the company.

Ndugu Sokoine promised that the Government would do all in its power to as-
sist the company in tackling financial and other problems.

csO: 3400/779

70


companies, Sumitomo-Chemical and Hokko-Chemical, did not stop with these
preliminary seminars. Rather, they presented their products to the Ministry
of Agricultural Production and Agrarian Reform. Some 700 tons of the herbi-
cides were given to Madagascar free by the companies, enough to cover a large
area of rice paddies. "Madagascar is a great country that could produce a
great deal of rice, but the technicians must be able to train growers in the
use of the herbicides. Actually, a good harvest can only be obtained when
one takes care of the rice shoots from seeding to harvest," we were told
yesterday by the two officials. According to. them, it was because of their
awareness of the effort made by the Malagasy Government to produce rice

and the danger of famine threatening humanity that the two companies (Sumitomo-
Chemical and Hokko-Chemical) decided to make the gift of 700 tons of herbi-
cides to Madagascar. "We are certain that thanks to the serious attitude of
the Malagasy officials, your country will be able to improve its yield and
even achieve self-sufficiency."

New Buses in Antananarivo
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 20 Feb 84 p 2

[Excerpt] On the occasion of the first use of 33 large buses in the capital,
joining the pool of 22 other Isuzu vehicles, all presented by the Japanese
Government to the village of Antananarivo, Ambassador Furusawa hosted a
cocktail party at his Ivandry residence. Several high local and foreign
officials were present at the charming reception Saturday, including members
of the Supreme Revolutionary Council Richard Andriamanjato, Razanabahiny
Marojama and Arsene Ratsifehera, Minister Rakotovao-Andriantiana and several
elected officials from the capital, including deputies Monja Jaona and Odon
Rafenoarisoa.

It should be recalled that these 55 Antafita buses represent Japan's response
to the Malagasy Government's request to improve public transportation in the
city of Antananarivo. Insofar as possible, the technical design of the

buses was adapted to local road conditions. Large shipments of spare parts
were also graciously furnished by the Japanese Government, with two repair
trucks. Their total cost, including transport from Mahajanga to Antananarivo,
was over a million Malagasy francs.

11,464
CSO: 3419/477

25



TANZANIA

NORWAY GIVES OIL DEVELOPMENT, TACOSHILI IMPROVEMENT GRANTS
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 13 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] NORWAY will grant Tanzania material and technical aid worth 108m/-
to strengthen the Ministry of Water and Energy and the Tanzania Coastal Ship-
ping Line (TACOSHILI) under two agreements signed in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

The agreements, one of which is primarily concerned with the development of
the petroleum sector in the country, were signed by the Principal Secretary
in the Ministry of Finance, and the Norwegian Ambassador to Tanzania, Ndugu
Ola Dorum.

According to a statement by the Treasury, Tanzania will receive 72m/- for
undertaking studies and surveys to assess the feasibility of exploration,
production and utilisation of petroleum.

The aid, the statement went on would facilitate and finance exploration works
required for the administration of areas not yet prospected, procurement of
equipment, and the training of Tanzanian personnel within the petroleum sector.

In another statement issued by the Norwegian Agency for International Develop-

ment (NORAD), a total of 36m/- have been alloted by the agency for the improve-
ment of TACOSHILI.

The agreement includes technical and management assistance of the shipping line
from a Norwegian shipping company (NFDS), equipment and spare parts, and a
schooner on hire basis to serve between Hafia island and the rest of the
country.

The agreements, both on grant basis, are a continuation of a co-operation pact
between the two countries which was first concluded in 1975. Norway has as~
sisted Tanzania in technology, personnel training, seismic surveys, and equip-
ment under the accord.

The two countries, last Saturday endorsed minutes agreed upon during the three-
day annual consultations in which Tanzania will get about 2.8b/- from Norway
as a grant to develop coastal transport and petroleum projects.

CSO: 3400/779

68


the difficulties and Ristimaki says that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
is investigating the problems involved in the development assistance
and at the same time the follow-up control of the projects has been
increased.

"The majority of the projects in Tanzania have neither been successful
nor unsuccessful, but the result has been something in between," empha-
sizes Ristimaki. :

The long-term collaboration has created a relationship of trust that
also leaves space for constructive criticism. In a diplomatic way,
the ambassador refuses to comment on the difficulties associated with
the heavily centralized administration and production establishment
of the country.

Foreign Exchange Saved

Possibly the most successful project is the phosphate mine and the concen-
tration plant in Minjingu in northern Tanzania. Kone Oy built the mine
and the plant supported by a development credit in 1982 and the project
was completed in accordance with the time schedule. The production

and the concentration plant have production that replaces some of the
import and thereby saves some of the extremely valuable foreign exchange.
In addition, the side products of the process are used in fertilizers
which benefits the important agriculture of Tanzania.

Engineer Risto Saila has from the beginning been in charge of the
Minjingu project. The production has been profitable and so far it

has been possible to meet the production goals. It is also advantageous
that technically the plant is not too complicated, so that the local
population is able to manage it.

Spare Parts Are Important

Saila is of the opinion that it is extremely important for the mine

to have its own functioning depot. Since the technicians are able to
perform small but important repairs at the mine, it is possible to avoid
lengthy interruptions in the production. This is extremely important
for the transport vehicles that are exposed to a lot of wear on the

bad roads. It is extremely hard to get spare parts in Tanzania and

it may take months to obtain the parts from foreign countries.

Minjingu is-despite everything also -viilnerable.. The concentration products
from the mine first have to be transported by trucks to Arusha and there-
after the products are transported -by rail cars to the fertilizer factory
in the city of Tanga off the coast. Some link in the chain can easily
get broken.

61



anti-imperialist force struggling for the maintenance of world peace and
against the arms race. The voice of the Ethiopian youth is today being

echoed in the forum of the World Federation of Democratic Youth representing
the entire progressive and democratic young people of the world. The Ethiopian
youth are committed to the principles of proletarian internationalism which is
the hallmark of the policy of the World Federation of Democratic Youth.

Holding to a national Youth Week is an important occasion for young people
to redédicate themselves to the cause of building a socialist society under
the leadership of a vanguard party. It is also an occasion when the youth,
through exchange of experience, prgpare for intensifying the class struggle.
The Youth Week is a permanent feature in many socialist countries not only to
mobilize the younger generation for accomplishing popular tasks but also for
demonstrating solidarity with the youth struggling to overthrow the yoke of
imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism and racism. The solidarity of the
Ethiopian youth with their struggling counterparts throughout the world will
be an instrument to encourage the latter to score one victory after another.

The participation of the Ethiopian youth in nation building has been volun-
tary, enthusiastic and dynamic. They have contributed substantially not only
for the achievements of the goals of the National Literacy Campaign but also
for transforming the life of the rural population through socio-economic ac-
tivities which have been rated as highly commendable. The Revolutionary
Government and COPWE have consistently given REYA all the support it needed
to undertake tasks which have resulted in a number of pulsating activities
throughout the length and breadth of the country.

Being an integral part of the world revolutionary youth movement, it is im-
perative that the Youth Week should devote part of its programmes to pre-
paring the Ethiopian youth to effectively participate in the forthcoming
World Youth Festival. The struggle of the youth at home to build a soctal-
ist society is definitely being augmented by colleagues who are pursuing their
studies abroad. The commitment of the youth is an important factor to advance
the revolutionary process. The Youth Week will be yet another manifestation
of the resolve of the younger generation to make their invaluable contribution
to the attainment of the political, ideological, organizational and socio-
economic objectives of the revolution.

CSO: 3400/777

18



"As soon as they learned that I had gone to the DDCI, when I went to the cooper-
ative to shop, the workers said: 'Oh, here comes the police officer! You can
complain to the DDCI, but you can't do anything about it here. Go buy food
there." They just want people to be quiet and let them do what they want,"

she added.

Antonio Jossias Sitoe, aged 25, married, a native of Chokwe, is also a member
of that consumer cooperative. He said: “When products come in they are not
sold immediately, even when it is early in the day. The next day they sell
a certain amount for show and what happens to the rest of it only they know.

“Besides, there is some stealing while the food is being sold. Someone may have
paid the cashier for a kilogram of sugar, for example, but if the clerk at
the scales knows him, he will get 4 or 5 kilograms. The cost of that sugar

is paid by the people who pay for 2 kilograms and only get 1.5 kilograms," he
complained.

To check out the truth of these allegations, our reporter approached Hermina
Enoque Vilanculo, manager of the store. Aged 20, Vilanculo is a native of Chibuto
(Gaza Pmovince) and a resident of Javanhane. She denied the allegations: "We
sell all the products to our membars; we do not divert anything," she declared.

“Josina Machel" was established in September 1980. Initially it was an agricul-
tural cooperative, but because the community needed one, it was turned into

a consumer cooperative. It currently has more than 1,200 members. A11 the
residents of the "Terceiro Bairro" communal village shop there for basic neces-
sities.

How To Correct Disorganization
To correct the irregularities, which are not peculiar to that consumer coopera-
tive, first of all the DDCI agency reponsible for these commercial establishments

must become operative and periodically send its personnel to these stores to
observe their sales practices at first hand.

6362
CSO: 3442/304

35



[Professor Seppe] It is a very urgent matter, taking into account the fact that
the political situation of the urban blacks is up in the air.

The two bills, namely the one with respect to orderly movement and establishment
of blacks and the one with respect to black community development (both appli-
cable to urban blacks), which are coming up for discussion in the current session
of parliament, prove the seriousness of the government.

Furthermore, the Botha government in general shows signs of reform.

Now that the government has initiated a constitutional settlement with Coloreds
and Asians, it is of course natural that it has to devote further attention to a
settlement with the blacks. And that is certainly an urgent matter.

After recent discussions with black leaders, I had the very strong impression that
they are concerned about the radicalization of especially the black youth and that
reform in the political area has become extremely urgent, aside from improvements
for blacks in practical areas primarily with respect to housing ‘and education.

[Question] What kind of constitutional reform for blacks do you have in mind?

[Professor Jeppe] There are several possibilities. First there is the possibility
of a political institution for blacks not tied to the national states but which will
form a structural part of a confederate government system.

In the second place, there could be a tighter political link of blacks with the
governments of national states.

From black leaders I have the impression that the second possibility is the least
acceptable.

[Question] What about a direct affiliation with our white/Colored parliamentary
system?

[Professor Jeppe] That in turn is unacceptable to the government and the white
voting public, and therefore I do not consider that to be a realistic or attainable

objective.

[Question] How should one go about achieving a settlement which is acceptable to
both groups?

[Professor Jeppe] I am symphatetically inclined toward the idea of a commission
of investigation into a political system for blacks. ‘Such a commission then must

especially represent credible black leadership.

It could serve as a political clearing house to define the true priorities of
both parties, black and white.

[Question] What would the charge to such a commission be?

55



the trade and development board of the UN conference on trade and development
regarding debt relief to be accorded to developing countries. The proceeds
of the grant are to be used to finance the purchase of equipment needed for
socio-economic development. Comrade Tesfaye Dinka availed himself of the
occasion to express gratitude for Japan's similar gesture in the past and
said the latest gran will be channelled towards the realization of develop-
ment objectives. The Minister noted that there still remain broader areas of
cooperation and collaboration between the two countries and gave assurance
of the judicious use of the latest Japnese grant. Ambassador Enomoto on his
part stated that efforts continue to be made to strengthen the long-standing
ties between Ethiopia and Japan. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 24 Feb 84 pp 1, 6]

INCREASE IN COFFEE PRODUCTION--A notable rise in coffee production has been
registered by the South-Western Agricultural Development Unit because of the
effort exerted by agricultural workers in connection with the celebrationvof
the tenth anniversary of the Ethiopian Revolution and the formation of the
Workers Party of Ethiopia. Comrade Mandefro Gebru, General Manager of the
South-Western Agricultural Development Unit, said that the unit is presently
managing in a modern way a total of 6009 hectares of coffee plantation. He
pointed out that because of the laudable efforts made by the workers of the
unit in renewing old coffee grees, using heribicides and fertilisers and
channeling river water to the plantation through irrigation canals, a record
high production target had been attained this year. The high-level team of
government officials later went on a tour of inspection of plantations in
Limu Gumer and Limu Kossa to assess working condition and results in produc-
tion. Monday, the high-level team of government officials visited the Goma
Hulet Coffee Development Project, the Abiot Firee Peasants' Producers Co-
operative and three other producers' co-operatives in Mana district of Jimma
province. Duting their tour of the Goma Hulet Coffee Development Project,
the team was briefed on its activities by the acting head of the project.
The project covers 719 hectares with a yield of 7.2 quintals per hectare. To
increase production, improved coffee seedlings have been planted on 392 hec-~
tares over the last three years. It was pointed out that 1,926 washed and
600 unwashed quintals of coffee had been produced from the project this year.
(ENA] [Excerptg#] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 22 Feb 84

pp 1, 5]

CSO: 3400/777

21



ZIMBABWE

RESERVE BANK ISSUES QUARTERLY ECONOMIC, STATISTICAL REVIEW
Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Mar 84 pp 1, 5

{Text] ZIMBABWE's exports will expand significantly this year, the Reserve
Bank believes.

In its latest quarterly economic and statistical review it bases this expec-
tation on prospects of an international economic upturn and strong expansion
of exports of manufactured goods as a result of the activation of a US$70
million export facility with the World Bank.

It notes that the Government has been trying to stimulate a recovery in the
past 18 months by the introduction of an export incentive scheme, the exten-
sion of export credit terms from three to six months, the devaluation of the
Zimbabwe dollar, activation of the World Bank facility and the pursuance of a
policy of wage restraint to contain production costs.

The World Bank facility is to cover the import of raw materials and other in-
puts for export industries.

The review says the level of Zimbabwe's exports in the past two years have
risen by only 7 percent in nominal terms, but in real terms they declined by
over 30 percent.

The level of import allocations of the same period had been reduced almost
60 percent in real terms.

The impact of these cuts on the economy,ssays the bank, was cushioned to some
extent by the use of loan funds to finance imports. But it notes that the
import cuts would have been substantially greater if the Government and the
Reserve Bank in particular had not resorted to higher levels of short-term
borrowing during the period under review, October to December 1983.

The bank says that in spite of the cuts in import allocations during 1983,
the overall balance of [words indistinct] deficit was expected to be signifi-
cantly higher than thé $185 million recorded in 1982. The deficit had been
financed by using resources drawn from the International Monetary Fund and

a higher level of foreign borrowing.

88



SENEGAL

LE SOLEIL CRITICIZES MOZAMBIQUE-SOUTH AFRICA PACT
A4B191520 Paris AFP in French 1216 GMT 17 Mar 84

[Text] Dakar, 17 Mar (AFP)--In a frontpage story under the headline "Pretoria
Imposes Realpolitik," the Saturday issue of the Dakar daily LE SOLEIL comments
at length on the nonaggression pact reached between South Africa and Mozam-
bique.

"This is—for the time being--the last act of the ‘normalization! process
which is gaining speed in southern Africa where the apartheid regime's neigh-
bors are forced to review their policies in a disorderly manner," the paper
writes.

In an editorial titled “An African Camp David," the paper further writes: "In
agreeing to sign a pact on nonaggression and good neighblorliness, Mozambique
leader Samora Machel and racist Prime Minister Pieter Botha ushered in a new
era identical--in certain respects--to the one which followed the U.S.-Israel-
Egypt Camp David accords."

"The Nkomati accord puts an end to the desire of the nine states in southern
African subregion to coordinate their efforts in order to avoid South Africa's
economic domination," the editorial writer added. After pointing out that
Samora Machel did not want to appeal to Castro's Cubans after Angola had

done so, he said in conclusion: "Mozambique has chosen to come to terms with
the devil. Al-Sadat's experience puts him in the wrong at the onset. What
remains is to wait for history's judgment."

Meanwhile, examining the consequences of the pact, LE SOLEIL holds the view
that the "Nkomati accord and the ongoingnegotiations between Angola and South
Africa will deprive the OAU of a topic of general consenses in its meeting.
Also, the continental organization will thereby suffer a setback in its strug-
gle against apartheid and against the regime which continues to impose it."

The daily went on to say: "For the southern part of the continent, this is
an indisputable victory for South Africa, As a result, Pretoria has smashed
the 'frontline' to pieces. Assured of security on its borders with its neigh-
bors, South Africa no longer feels obliged to speed up the Namibian independ-
ence process. ConcerningMozambique, it can hope for an end to the cycle of
violence which has always diverted its efforts from the tasks of development
and which has included in it the self-defense reflex."

42


ZAMBIA

DEMAND FOR IRRIGATION 'SO HIGH AFE HAS RUN OUT OF STOCK'
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 12 Mar 84 p 3

[Text] THE CONTINUOUS drought in the country has forced most farmers in the
country to buy many submersible pumps in preparation for next year.

General manager for African Farming Equipment (AFE), Mr. Phillimon
Kapesebele said that a consignment of 250 submersible pumps from Brazil and
India which arrived in the country six months ago have all been bought by ,
farmers in Lusaka and other districts.

The irrigation machinery has proved very popular to farmers in the country
because of the continuation of the drought which has severély affected Zambia.

The demand, Mr Kapesebele said, was so high that AFE has now completely run
out of stock.

"We hope tp place orders when a few letters of credit are processed by the
Bank of Zambia. Possibly by July we might receive another consignment from
India and Germany. The waiting list is over 75," Mr Kapesebele said.

He also explained that the drought was particularly severe in the Southern

Province where the water level in most boreholes, wells and rivers is very
low.

cso: 3400/778

83



the long depression that has prevailed in the country. It is not enough
that the construction of a development project is completed and that

it is thereafter expected that everything will proceed painlessly by
means of the developing country's own resources. It is equally important
to ensure the continuity of the project and also, when needed, to grant
assistance for this phase of the project. This means that the develop-
ment assistance increasingly has focused on support for import and the
balance of payments.

According to Ristimaki the new forms of activity have not yet been clari-
fied in Finland, but it ought to be obvious that support would primarily
be given to ongoing projects and that overall no new projects would

be started.

One Tenth To Tanzania

About one tenth of the Finnish development assistance, i.e., 110 million
marks, is channeled to Tanzania this year.. During the following 3-
year period the country will--according to recent negotiations--receive
345 million marks as development assistance from Finland.

About 40 percent of the assistance is made up of various forms of goods
andthe assistance is mainly directed toward the ongoing projects.

Examples of new principles are that the construction of new wells will
be reduced within the water resources management, and old wells will
instead be renovated and repaired.

The forest industry will this year receive 30 percent of the total assis—
tance. Furthermore, Tanzanian agriculture is supported through the
delivery of spare parts for tractors and by sending experts and farming
machines to a tractor factory founded by Valmet.

The Trams tractor company will build 500 tractors at a factory close
to Dar-es-Salaam in 1984.

The gold mine project of Kahama is interesting and its profitability

is currently being explored. The export of gold would improve the eco-
nomic situation of the country, but the decision regarding the operation
of the mine will not be made until after the investigations. There

has also been a preliminary agreement that Finland will participate

in the repair and the expansion of the harbor in Dar-es-Salaam. The
project would improve the foreign trade of Tanzania.

Various Kinds of Projects
Ambassador Ristimaki admits that the authorities have made a mistake
in the choice of development assistance projects in materializing these

projects. Ristimaki emphasizes, however, that the authorities have learned
from their mistakes. The National Audit Department has pointed out

60


ZAMBIA

LEADERS URGED TO TAKE MEASURES TO RESOLVE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 12 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] YOUTH unemployment has reached critical proportions in the country
and leaders and parents were yesterday urged to find realistic measures to
contain the situation.

Chapaadon of the Christian Council of Zambia,at the University of Zambia,
Reverend Violet Sampa Bredt, said in her address at the Cathedral of the
Holy Cross during a special youth Sunday service that there was need for a
totality of involvement by parents and leaders from all sectors in combating
unemployment.

She told hundreds of Lusaka youths and Party and Government leaders who in-
cluded President Kaunda and his wife Betty, that a combined effort by the
Party and its Government and the public would go a long way in solving youth
unemployment.

"People should not wait for the Government to solve the problem of youth un-
employment", she said. "They should explore all possible areas where youths
without jobs could be fitted in and kept busy."

The church and the parents should work together with the various organs of the
Party and its Government in formulating strategies that can help solve the
problems of youths.

"Some churches have resources and if tapped well, they can solve some of the
Problems of unemployment among the youths”

The Reverend emphasised that employment does not only mean working in an of~
fice in the towns but it includes any form of income generating field even in
the remotest areas of the country.

She noted that majority of the country's youths roam the streets with nothing
to do except pick-pocket or indulge in other practices that are detrimental to
the society.

"Some youths have lost a sense of direction, and unless the nation combines
efforts, the future of the country is in trouble."

84


To this end, along with various highway transportation equipment, two new cranes
were recently purchased, which are already at the port of Maputo.

In addition, a contract has been signed for the administration of the container
quay, involving the British port of Liverpool.

Another project of great importance to the development of the port of Maputo
has to do with the coal quay in the Matola zone. The mineral ore quay of Matola
is to be converted and adapted to handling coal. The conversion process has
already begun. In a first phase, the plan is to handle 2 million tons of coal
per year, and 5 million tons later on.

Obviously, to achieve these two goals, it is very important that the users share
in the investments. If they are realized within the period planned, it will
mean a great reduction in the shipping costs which the coal exporters are faced
with at this time.

Despite the geopolitical situation, which has caused a decline in tonnage, the
attitude of the Maputo port authority has always been to invest in and to improve
the port facilities to serve its clients better. Moreover, specific measures
have been taken to combat the sabotage at the port, which is a target of the
armd bands.

According to the Maputo port director, the armed bards present a serious threat
to the merchandise which is transported via our rail corridor. In view of this
factor, during 1983 the CFM-Sul [Southern Mozambican Railway] trained militiamen
in the defense of locomotives and trains.

In terms of improved port efficiency, the project for the access channels is
noteworthy. Currently, the port does not receive ships of over 60,000 tons.
The project involves deepening the access channels to accomodate larger ships,
of up to 100,000 tons.

Renovating Transport Lines to the Port

The development of the port of Maputo is a key project for the transport systems
which converge on the port. These naturally include the railroads which feed
the port traffic.

The railways of Mozambique, Swaziland and Zimbaber reach the sea via Maputo.
In addition, part of the traffic on the Botswana and Zambia railway lines will
use this corridor in the future, as will the Lesotho railway.

In the spirit, then, of better service to the port, the railways have benefited
from projects for renovation, improvement and duplication [parallel tracks].
Renovation of the Limpopo line is due to begin this year.

The renovation program, consisting in the replacement of old tracks with new

and stronger ones on some stretches of the Limpopo line, will be followed by
another one involving larger investments, This is the etectrification and instal-
lation of a signalling system on the same line.

Regarding the Ressano Garcia line, it has already been improved and a second
set of tracks has been laid. Centralized control(CTC) equipment has been
installed. This railway control system is an important step in the modernization
of our railway transport system because it reduces the possibility of accidents
caused by human error.

29



Not only is Angola in this situation. The same thing is happening in the
Seychelles, Mozambique, Lesotho and even Zimbabwe, Zambia, and so on.

In Angola, we are drawing up our defense plans and in recent months, we have
dealt hard blows to the enemy, the UNITA, trained, supplied and organized by
South Africa. .

One of these blows was dealt to the enemy in Canganba. Others were dealt in
different zones of the national territory.

There is a great people's mobilization and an increasingly great incorporation
of our young people, women, old people and children, into the defense of our
revolution. At the present time, there are thousands of young people in the
vanguard of this struggle. Thousands of women are in the rear guard, including
military training, in order to support the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for
the Liberation of Angola]. Workers and students are willing to exchange

their tools and books for arms when the situation so requires.

We are determined to face this struggle to defend our revolution and our
country.

We have been backed by the determined support of the comrades in the socialist
community. From the first moment when President Neto made his appeal, Cuba
has been at our side in this difficult struggle to preserve our independence.

Imperialism and South Africa are trying to place this situation in southern
Africa within the context of the so-called East-West conflict. We reject

that idea because this fallacious argument is used to hide their real inten-
tions. What they-want'to:do is prevent Namibia from being independent.
Namibia is a territory rich in raw materials and South Africa is also a terri-
tory rich in raw materials that supply the West. That is why imperialism
wants to maintain the inhuman system of aparthéid, .

Consequently, this is not. an East-West conflict, Rather, it is a liberation
struggle of nations like Namibia that are fighting for their independence,
The people of South Africa are fighting to win their freedoms, against racial
oppression and all exploitation. We support that struggle. All the activity
of South Africa is carried on with the support of imperialism, destabilizing
Angola, Mozambique,’ Lesotho and other countries and, in the final analysis,
it constitutes a kind of "buffer zone" for its interests in Namibia and
South Africa.

Whence the defense of its policy of domination in Namibia and South Africa.
[Question] What is your opinion of the events ‘in Grenada?

[Answer] For us,’ the events in Grenada, culminating in the murder of comrade
Bishop, were a great surprise. We had maintained fraternal relations of
friendship and solidarity with Bishop's party. This difficult situation
which Grenada endured with Bishop's death, as the result of internal splits
in the party, created the conditions allowing outside forces to stage a coup



SENEGAL

ENVOY CONDEMNS ‘TREACHEROUS ATTACK! AGAINST OMDURMAN
JN171912 Khartoum SUNA in Arabic 1450 GMT 17 Mar 84

[Text] Khartoum, -17 Mar (SUNA)--Moustapha Cisse, Senegalese President Abdou
Diouf's envoy, has condemned the treacherous attack against Omdurman, expressed
deep regret that Sudan had been subjected to this attack, and reiterated the
solidarity of the Senegalese Government and people with the fraternal Sudanese
people.

In a statement after meeting President Numayri here this morning, the Senegalese
envoy said that during his meeting with President Numayri, he reaffirmed Sene-
gal's firm stand toward Sudan, and its support for the Sudanese Government and
people against foreign aggression. He added that he also delivered a message

to President Numayri from his brother President Abdou Diouf on bilateral rela-
tions, and ways of promoting Arab-African cooperation, which have been suspended
for a long time thus creating a vacuum in Arab-African cooperation. He said
that in view of their heritage and location, Sudan and Senegal can Play’ ‘ao
prominent role in this field.

The Senegalese envoy praised President Numayri's role in the achievement’ of
unity and halting disputes not only in Sudan, but also throughout Africa. He
said that President Numayri always supports the OAU within whose framework all
African countries must work to achieve African unity and economic, social,

and cultural cooperation in Africa.

The Senegalese envoy said that President Abdou Diouf intends to visit Sudan at
a time, which will be determined later, to hold more talks with President Numayri
and to complete the talks they had started during President Numayri's visit to

Senegal last January.
TLE

The Senegalese envoy arrived in Khartoum yesterday evening.

cso: 3404/5

44



With the different emergency programs, a total of 13, making up the National
Plan, we intend to concentrate our efforts on the key sectors of the economy,
overcome its difficulties and move on to the country’s financial recovery.

That is why the National Plan this year took on the nature of an Emergency
Plan, bringing together all financial, material and human resources in order
to have a successful application of the 13 programs included in it. The re-
sults of this effort will be evaluated. We can already say that the most
tangible effects will be felt this year, since this is a new experiment in
whose creation we exercised great care.

Certain programs are already in full swing, such as food production, coffee,
basic health care, the supplying of defense and security forces. and marketing
in rural areas. Some are still being worked out because of their specific
nature.

South African Aggression,

[Question] In the face of South-African aggression, backed by the United
States, what steps are being taken internationally?

[Answer] Naturally, the People's Republic of Angola constantly denounces
the situation of which it is the victim. In this sense, certain friendly
countries have guaranteed solidarity with our people. Nevertheless, based
on the extent of the aggression, the fact that we have part of our territory
occupied and the marked violation of the most basic standards of coexistence
between nations by the South African racists, we do not think that the reac-
tion of the international community and especially of Western countries is
in keeping with the gravity of the acts perpetrated.

There are still those who ignore the fact that the People's Republic of
Angola has part of its territory occupied by the force of arms for the past
two years and that the material damage since the beginning of the aggression
now amounts to over $10 billion.

In this situation, it is not impossible that certain nations enamored of

peace and freedom because of the situation our country is going. through because
of the aggression will become more directly aware, for such aggression consti-
tutes a challenge to the entire international community and a danger to peace
in our region and throughout the African continent.

[Question] Concerning southern Africa and the South African escalation,’ how
do you view Angola's situation at this time?

[Answer] At this time, South Africans continue to occupy a large part of
southern Angola in Cunene Province and part of Kuando Kubango Province, where
the UNITA armed bands, the armed branch of South Africa, continue to practice

terror against the people.

[Answer] This situation is the result of an expansionist policy of South
Africa, which intends to exercise its dominion in southern Africa in several
directions: political, military and economic.



MOZAMBIQUE

NEW LUMBER MILL EQUIPPED WITH MODERN MACHINERY
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 10 Feb 84 p 4

[Text] A new lumber mill--the most up-to-date plant of its kind in the country-~
was inaugurated last Friday in the city of Pemba as part of the celebration

of 3 February, "Day of the Mozambican Heroes." Presiding over the ceremony

was Lt Gen Alberto Chipande, member of the FRELIMO-Party Political Bureau and
director of Cabo Delgado Province. He was accompanied by members of the commis-
sion and the government of the province.

The Mahate sawmill, as the mill is know, is a work of great economic value,
because it represents a large contribution to the development of the lumber
sector, not only in Cabo Delgado but throughout the country. Its inauguration
will quadruple the milling capacity in Cabo Delgado Provice and will bring in
foreign exchange. Moreover, the province will no longer export large quantities
of log wood, to the detriment of the national economy.

In a first phase, the Mahate lumber mill has the capacity to produce 5,000 cubic
meters of lumber for export and 3,000 cubic meters for domestic consumption this
capacity will be expanded as soon as the skilled manpower can be insured.

Complementing the activity of the mill, there is already another sawmill in
Cabo Delgado. Moveable, it is capable of producing 2,500 cubic meters of lumber
per year. This sawmill can be transported to any part of the jungle, making
use of the tree branches that were previously disregarded.

The Mahate lumber mill is one of the components of the FO-6 Project, which was
initially designed for Sofala Province but, for special reasons, was transferred
to Cabo Delgado.

The planning for the venture began in April 1982. This was followed, in Maputo,
by the acquisition of the material needed for construction and the contracting
and settlement of the Mozambican and foreign technicians in Pemba.

Construction was begun in October 1982. MONAP [expansion unknown] awarded the
contract to the Swedish firm “Silviconsulti."

38


ETHDBPIA

YOUTH WEEK BEING OBSERVED THROUGHOUT COUNTRY
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 26 Feb 84 p 2
(Editorial: "Living Up fo the Challenge")

[Text] Youth Week is being observed throughout Revolutionary Ethiépia and in
those countries where Revolutionary Ethiopia Students Associations have been
established. The festival is organized under the theme "Youth For Peace,
National Freedom, Social Development and Progress". According to the Revolu-
tionary Ethiopia Youth Association (REYA), the event is meant to acquaint the
nation's youth at home and abroad with objective local and international situ-
ation and prepare them for further struggle.

The importance of the Youth Week can be guaged from the fact that it is being
organized at a time when the youth of Socialist Ethiopia have massively and
voluntarily registered for the National Military Service which will enable
them to grow as physically fit citizens with mental agility and revolutionary
discipline. The response of the youth to the National Military Service is a
testimony to their determination and readiness to make whatever sacrifices are
needed on their part to safeguard the popular revolution and the sovereignty
and territorial integrity of the Motherland.

That the Youth Week is being observed when the country is making hectic prepar-
ations for the formation of the Workers Party of Ethiopia and for the celebra-
tions of the Tenth Anniversary of the popular revolution makes the event all
the more important. There is today a phenomenon that cannot be underestimated.
It is the revolutionary fervour of the youth which is pervading the whole so-
clety struggling to build a new society.

The role of the youth in the revolutionary process has been highly laudable.
This role became wholly manifest ten years ago this month when the masses,
including young workers, students and others fearlessly demonstrated to mani-
fest their protest against the then existing feudo-bourgeois regime and for
the establishment of a new society based on equality, justice, freedom and
democracy. The fruits of the outcome of this struggle are being fully enjoyed
by the youth of Ethiopia.

It is not for the first time that a Youth Week has been organized under the
auspices of REYA which has today earned recognition as a military

17



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

OFFSHORE OIL PRODUCTION--The petroleum discovery off the shore of northern

Angola, which was announced last August by SONANGOL [National Angolan Fuel Com-
pany], has produced about 3,000 barrels per day during testing. SONANGOL
announced at the time that the results of the tests would determine whether further
studies would be needed to evaluate the importance of the oil discovery. A second
test bore in "Packet 3" produced the same levels of petroleum as in the previous
bore in the northern part of the area, That bore, to a depth of 87 meters of
water, was about 6.5 kilometers away from "Packet 1," and confirmed the importance
of the discovery, It is noted that in June 1983, the country recorded the highest
monthly production since November 1974, reaching 190,000 barrels per day. Average
production in the first 6 months of 1983 was on the order of 166,558 barrels

per day, representing a 30-percent increase over the same peiod in 1982. [Text]
[Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Feb 84 p 12] 6362

CSO: 3442/303

12



ANGOLA

DOS SANTOS ON ACHIEVEMENTS, MOBILIZATION EFFORTS
Havana PRISMA LATINOAMERICANO in Spanish Jan 84 pp 14-16

[Interview with President Jose Eduardo Dos Santos, by Eloy Concepcion; date
and place not given]

[Text] Luanda--Reviewing eight years of independence in an
African country like Angola means remembering both the suc-
cesses as well as the difficulties that have had to be over-
come to gain it.

One must recall the constant South African aggression, the
destabilizing action of the UNITA and the propaganda campaign
waged by enemies to try to weaken indispensable world solidar-

ity.

The difficult path followed has been filled with dangers and
traps, but it is above all the path chosen by a people tired
of the colonial yoke,: determined to govern its live and willing
to admit and eradicate its errors.

In order to analyze the recent history of Angola, that country's
president, Jose Eduardo Dos Santos, granted PRISMA an exclusive
interview in which he viewed what has been done since 11 Novem-
ber 1975 and the current situation in that young republic,
proud of its present and determined to win the future.

[Question] After 8 years of independence, what achievements have been gained
by the People's Republic of Angola during that period?

[Answer] The main successes achieved by our people during these eight years
of independence, marked by constant aggression by the racist regime of South
Africa, are mainly political.

| Our people, under the leadership of the MPLA-Labor Party, won back their rights
and for the first time in our history, began to exercise political power con-
scientiously.

We therefore had to create a new system of government making the effective
exercise of sovereignty by the popular masses, duly organized by the party,
effective.



TANZANIA

NEW DAR ES SALAAM AIRPORT CONTROL TOWER IN OPERATION
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Mar 84 p 1
{Article by Musa Lupatu]

[Text] THE NEW control tower at the Dar es Salaam International Airport goes
into operation today, it was learnt in the city yesterday.

The resident engineer of Aeroport de Paris, Mr. Benard Moore, revealed this

when talking to the head of the economic affairs and planning department of

the Party National Executive Committee (NEC) Secretariat, Ndugu Seif Sharrif
Hamadi, who was on a familiarisation of the airport yesterday.

Aeroport de Paris are the designers and contractors of the extension project
of the airport which is currently getting a new face.

He told Ndugu Hamadi that the Directorate of Civil Aviation (DCA) will from
today begin using the new control tower and equipment room that is fitted
with modern safety telephones and other equipment to guide aircraft within
and outside the airport.

The facilities as well as a new radar were handed over to the Government on
February 15, this year.

Mr. Moore told Ndugu Hamadi that the equipment room, adjacent to the control
tower, is fitted with modern and sophiscated equipment. He said the safety
telephone facilities have direct lines to the terminal building as well as
lines that connect it with other towns in Tanzania and outside.

Approaching planes could be detected from 200 miles away by the new radar
that could also detect distance, height and bearing of an approaching or leav-
ing plane, Ndugu Hamadi was told.

Ndugu Hamadi was also taken around the new terminal building currently under
construction and was told how it would operate after completion.

Ndugu Moore said after the equipment was fitted, possible problems could
be spare parts and the maintenance of the system.

csO: 3400/779
67



MADAGASCAR

GERMAN AID FOR PORT DEVELOPMENT REPORTED
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 20 Feb 83 pp 1, 2, 6

[Excerpts] Three southeastern ports (Manakara, Mananjary and Tolagnaro)
received large shipments of port equipment last week, the fruit of bilateral
cooperation between Madagascar and the Federal Republic of Germany.

Minister Bedo Joseph (Transport, Supply and Tourism) delivered an important
address on the occasion telling of the importance of maritime traffic in‘a
country (which is also an island) such as Madagascar. Other officials were
‘also present: members of the Supreme Revolutionary Council Razanabahiny
Marojama and Marson Max, ministers Georges Ruphin (Labor) and Rakoto Ignace
(Higher Education) and’ the West German ambassador to Madagascar, Karl Heinz
Rouette. The aid amounts to 895 million Malagasy francs in goods and a loan
from the KFW [Reconstruction Credit Bank] at a particularly low interest
rate (about 2 percent) and a very long repayment period, a true gift!

The West German gift is all the more appreciated by Madagascar because,

as emphasized by Minister Bedo Joseph, in Manakara, development of our inter-
national trade must begin with improvement of maritime service. As some know
and as the chief of state recently pointed out, the latter is part of the
current government plan through what is now called "outrageous exports."

Bedo Joseph illustrated this policy at the southeastern port by an English
saying that over the centuries contributed to the properity of England, an
island like ours: "Trade follows the flag."

Whence the extreme need for addquate port facilities. "Cumbersome" goods
(which are nevertheless vital to Madagascar) are shipped by water, both with
respect to imports (oil products, building materials, raw materials, and so
on), as well as exports (coffee, cloves, pepper, chromite, sisal). This is
true on the international and national levels also, with coastal trade.

Bedo Joseph referred to the ."inacequacy and insufficiency of other means of
transport" (but obviously of communications also), nothing that the system
thus constitutes "the prime type of transport for basic products" in Madagas-
car,

Minister Bedo Joseph also recalled Malagasy policy-on maritime transport.

The latter mainly has to do with expansion of the fleet available to national
ocean shipping companies. He pointed to the "considerable efforts" made in

22


ANGOLA

SPECIAL REPORT ON ELECTRIC POWER FAILURES, CAUSES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Feb 84 pp 1, 12
{Report by Victor Silva]

[Text] Luanda has recently been experiencing constant electric power outages,
which have caused considerable harm. There have been many complaints by residents
of damage caused to electric appliances by the sudden cutoffs and by the surge

of power when service is restored.

In addition, Luanda is a particularly badly lighted city, although to someone
flying in at night it appears all glowing with the little lights that can be
seen from the sky, scattered all over the capital.

Yesterday we were at the main office of EDEL [Luanda Electric Power Distribution
Company], attempting to discover the real reason for the power failures that
have caused the public so much distress.

With reporters! luck, we arrived at a time when Engineer Mario Fontes, EDEL's
technical director, happened to be at the company, although he was officially on
vacation. Fontes and Engineer Francisco Meireles, chief of operations, are

the two people directly involved. with problems of power distribution in the capital.

In our meeting with Fontes and Meireles, we learned that the most recent outages
had several causes, some of which could be discerned immediately and others only
after some time had passed, which gave rise to many customer complaints.

Regarding the power failure day before yesterday, we were told that there were
two short circuits caused by humidity in the terminal boxes loeated near the
cooperants’ store (formerly Paula de Carvalho).

Generally speaking, however, the city's power supply has several shortcomngs,
not only a shortage of equipment but also the lack of protection and even the
age of the installations, which, as was noted yesterday, “need to be updated."

The two EDEL officials admitted that it is currently impossible to insure the gaa1-
ity 0€ ‘service that Luanda merits, basically for three reasons.



MOZAMBIQUE

PROJECTED PORT EXPANSION TERMED URGENT NEED
Maputo TEMPO in Portuguese 4 Mar 84 pp 30-35
{Article by Filipe Ribas: "Investment in the Future of the Region"]

{Text] Of the six ports contemplated in the projects of the SADCC [Southern African
Development Coordination Conference], the port of Maputo handles the greatest
volume of freight. About 60 percent of the traffic is international, in transit
to and from South Africa, Swaziland, Botswana, Lesotho, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
This fact dictated that priority be given to the development of the port. Within
this context, the transport system which converges on the port of Maputo has
also benefitted from a series of projects to bring about greater efficiency.

The port of Maputo is a general cargo port, with some specialized facilities
for handling specific cargo, such as the sugar, coal, container, steel, citrus
fruit and fuel quays. Its installed capacity is 14 million tons per year, of
which only about 30 percent is being used at this time,

The major reason for this low figure is the continuing decline in shipments

from South Africa, as well as a number of conditions imposed on southern Africa
by the war situation. Since the port of Maputo was tailored to the South African
economy and later adapted to the Rhodesian economy, and is still shaped to this
end, it has naturally felt the effects of the political changes that came with
Mozambique's independence.

Despite this situation, the growth of shipping by Mozambique and some other
member countries of the SADCC justifies a.certain volume of investments, to
adapt the port to new directions. Hence, although its capacity of 14 million
tons per year is not now fully exploited, the project of the SADCC Transport
and Communications Commission will enable it to handle 20 million tons per year
by 1990,

It is even expected that the volume of South African shipping will be increased,
“considering the progress of the discussions recently initiated between the

two countries," we were told by Dr Francisco Ilidio Diniz, director of the port
of Maputo. "We used to handle 6 million tons of South African freight per year,
but now it is about 1.5 million tons. In the regional context, we feel this

is normal, even though wefeel that economic factors should be put above every-
thing else," he added.

27



and Mutare, while the existing facilities were working "flat out" and oc-
casionally had to be shut down for normal maintenance and repair work.

He added that there was a high demand abroad for de-boned beef but while some
of the newer and "world renowned" CSC factories did have facilities for this
type of processing, they were not available at all the local abattoirs.

The drop in local beef consumption, he said, had also complicated the CSC's

ability to handle all cattle on offer. Although beef was being sold abroad

and export markets were being pursued, world prices were very low at present
and the European Economic Commission had more than 400 000 tonnes in “inter-
vention stocks" which they were prepared to sell at low prices.

"So to sum up, there have been a number of factors (some occuring at much the
same time) which have all contributed to this distressing booking situation—-
the drought, limitations of our processing and refrigeration facilities, the
change on the local (beef-buying) market, and depressed world prices."

Outlining the comprehensive plans now being made with Government backing to
help drought stricken cattle farmers Mr Sinclair said that last year had seen
probably the "biggest-ever multi-pronged cattle rescue exercise mounted in
Zimbabwe."

He added: “It certainly, and most regrettably, looks as though we shall have
to embark on similar and additional exercises again this year."

Mr Sinclair believed that cattle producers were fortunate in having people at
the CSC with the far-sightedness and ability to handle the issues, as well as
the CSC's facilities such as feedlots, ranches and holding grounds.

He appealed again to communal farmers to sell drought stricken cattle before
they lost condition and then died.

“There's no point in trying to keep an animal alive to pull a plough in six
months time, when it is definitely going to die in two month's time, for ex-
ample," he said. “It's a waste of money and beef."

Emphasising that the CSC could not handle the effects of the drought on its

own, Mr Sinclair said resources and facilities had been stretched by the past
two drought years.

CsO: 3400/776

96


Furthermore, it says, despite the recession and the weak balance of payments
situation, the rate of inflation had remained high, with prices increasing
over the past 18 months at an annual rate of between 15 and 20 percent.

This took place despite tight control of the money supply. “Money supply has
risen over the past 12 months by less than 1 percent," which, in turn, re~
flected both fiscal restraint and significant success in financing the budget
deficit in a non-inflationary manner.

Inflation had remained high largely due to the impact of imported inflation
following the depression of the exchange rate.

To create the conditions necessary for a sustained economic recovery, the
banks says, it is vital to not only reduce the rate of inflation, but also to
strengthen the balance of payments position.

“Only when success has been achieved in these two areas can the country look
forward to an economic recovery that will be sustainable."

The bank also says that as far as the rate of inflation was concerned, any
economic puturn coming about as a result of deliberate reflationary policies
would be shortlived and unsustainable and would merely result in a further
upward move in consumer prices.

However, the outlook in this regard vas favourable and it seemed likely that
a substantially lower rate of inflation could be brought about during the next
12 months, given a continuation of the existing policies .--Ziana.

cso: 3400/776

89



The first concerns physical shortcomings; the second is lack of manpower; and
the third is the shortage of spare parts in stock.

In the opinion of engineers Fontes and Meireles, only if the company organization
itself is imppoved and staffed with skilled manpower, and imports are resumed

to replace depleted inventories, will it be possible to provide electric power
more in keeping with the current needs of the capital city.

We learned that only the low-tension cable is produced domestically, but that
CONDEL has not supplied EDEL for 2 years, which has caused many of the company's
problems in restoring service promptly. The rest of the required material,

all imported, has long since ceased to take up any room in the company warehouses,
since the stocks, depleted from constant use, have not been replaced.

Hence, when the company servicemen are called to repair a breakdown, they are
forced to inprovise solutions, but this causes other more serious problems later
on. :

Quite frequently, connections which should be underground are uncovered, with
the resulting danger that this implies. We were told that for lack of the metal
boxes which should proteet the junctions, the latter cannot be buried.

“Third Patties" Involved

Another reason indicated for the power failures is the uncontrolled excavation
in all areas of the city, without the least notion of the damage which this
excavation could cause.

“People do not bother to ask about any possible problems with excavation and
quite often our lines are simply torn up," EDEL's technical director told us,
adding that there are three underground distribution systems (power, telephone
and water) and any excavation should be approved by the respective authorities.

For example, the situation in Boatize District, which is without light, water
and telephone service, was caused by the bulldozing which was being done there |
following the heavy rains that fell on Luanda.

Sand removal has caused many problems, because various medium- and low-tension
cables have been cut--"very precious material," in the words of the EDEL offi-
cials; it is not available domestically and has not been restocked, since it
was assured that it would last for a while longer.

Problems with Service Crews

One of the matters discussed in our meeting yesterday was the service crews,
which are one example of the company's shortcomings in general.

Special assistance has been given to the service sector so that it can meet
its commitments. For example, there is an attempt to provide it with transporta-
tion, when this shortage is felt throughout the company, and with other equipment
essential to the functioning of the crews. However, if the company manages



ZIMBABWE

MARKETING AUTHORITY OFFICIAL DISCUSSES BEEF INDUSTRY'S PROBLEMS
Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 9 Mar 84 p 7

[Text] A MAJOR Marketing campaign to boost beef sales locally is to be mount—
ed soon by the Cold Storage Commission--and the CSC is now exporting beef to 17
different countries.

This was said last week by Mr Jim Sinclair, chairman of the Beef and Live-
stock Committee of the Agricultural Marketing Authority during an interview
with The Farmer magazine.

He also commented that a number of "new deals" on external markets had re-
cently been concluded. Some of these required a good proportion of carcass
beef, as opposed to boneless beef, and this would help the CSC's through-
put.

Discussing problems now facing the beef industry as a whole and also some of
the CSC's difficulties, Mr Sinclair confirmed that there were some "major
Problem areas". The main one was the problem of coping with all the cattle
on offer in the present drought situation.

Agreeing that farmers faced severe practical and financial problems when they
could not get their full booking requirements for cattle accepted by the CSC,
he said their difficulties were fully appreciated. Great efforts were

being made by the CSC to relieve the situation, including the search for
external markets despite very low present world prices.

He said a number of factors had contributed to the limitations on cattle book-
ings.

The first was the large number being booked in. For June this year alone
90 000 cattle had bean booked but the CSC could only handle less than half
that number. This figure gave an idea of the size of the problem. It also
indicated the impact of the drought on producers who had to reduce their
herds.

Mr Sinclair said that the CSC could increase its slaughter rates but it simply

could not not cope with the essential follow-up processing of the careasses.
Some abattoirs had been closed down due to "old age", such as those at Harare

95



Based on last year's consumption figures, the country will need an additional
730 000 tonnes of maize, either through purchases or by donations from various
aid schemes. This 730 000 tonnes, plus the 30 000 tonnes from the United
States, will need to be transported from South African prots and over the

NRZ systen.

For the contry's own needs, therefore, the railways will need to run about 630
trains with average loads of 1 200 tonnes. Some trains may carry heavier
loads over certain sections, but in other parts of the country, trains will be
limited to much lighter loads.

While the handling of maize for Zimbabwe's use will extend the NRZ, there will
also be a call to carry maize through this country to Zambia. Expert opinion
forecasts a minimum for that country of 450 000 tonnes, requiring another 370
trains.

Informed observers maintain that this enormous amount of extra traffic can be
handled if the railway systems of South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zambia cooper-
ated closely.

"South Africa'ssrail system can handle much larger loads than either the
Zimbabwe or Zambia railways", an observer told The Gazette. "Therefore, the
turn-around of wagons will have to be handled very efficiently if the flow of
maize trains is to be maintained at the necessary rate."

One of the major problems may not occur on the railways, one expert warned.
He said the only bulk maize-handling facilities in South Africa were at Dur-
ban and East London. "However, these installations are designed for the ex-
port of maize, not its importation", he said. A bottleneck could occur in
these two ports if the maize could not be off+loaded from ships at a fast
enough rate to keep the trains moving to the necessary schedules.

Zimbabwe's present maize stock will be exhausted by the end of April and
this year's deliveries together with the Government purchases and donations
by Britain and the United States, will last until November at last year's
average consumption figures.

By November, the flow of imports, either through additional purchases by
Government or new aid schemes, must have provided a stock and a continuing

supply sufficient to meet the country's daily needs until the 1984/85 harvest
is reaped in April, 1985.

cso: 3400/776

100



TANZANIA

SOKOINE STRESBES IMPORTANCE OF SOLDIERS' ECONOMIC PROBLEMS
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 15 Mar 84 p 1
[Article by Attilio Tagalile]

[Text] MEMBERS of the Armed Forces engaged in economic ventures have been
called upon to run the projects seriously instead of treating them as pilot
schemes,

The call was made by the Prime Minister, Ndugu Edward Sokoine, when he was
addressing soldiers at the Kaboya Military Camp here yesterday.

Stressing the importance of economic projects for the country's welfare, the
Prime Minister urged the soldiers to refrain from regarding such undertakings,
as pilot schemes.

The projects, he said, should not only be treated seriously "but the aim should
be to help in solving the food problem in the country."

Ndugu Sokoine urged the soidiers to put more efforts in agricultural production,
especially livestock development, which he said appeared to be suitable in the
evergreen areas.

He said the camp's which has 1,000 acres, could support more 200 head of dairy
cattle instead of the present 50.

Ndugu Sokoine said there was no reason why the soldiers could not handle more
than 200 dairy cattle since they had a modern cattle dip for larger numbers.

Referring to the Kingolwira Prison Farm in Morogoro Region as a case in point,
the Prime Minister said the farm had 2,500 dairy cattle whose milk fed the
whole of Morogoro town.

Commenting on general shortage of essential items in the armed Forces, he
said the problem had been brought about by the current economic problems.
The situation, he added, would change once the economy picked up.

The Prime Minister, who earlier inspected the camp's project, later called on
the soldiers to set up shops in camp's premises to serve them.

63



TANZANIA

ZANZIBAR ANNOUNCES NEW IMPORT, EXPORT ADJUSTMENT MEASURES
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 14 Mar 84 p 1

[Text] ZANZIBAR has announced new measures aimed at adjusting its import and
export trade policy in order to rehabilitate the economy through improved
sector performance.

The Zanzibar Minister for Trade, Ndugu Taimur Saleh told a press conference
in his office yesterday that the new measures entailed relaxation of state
control on imports and exports to and from Zanzibar.

He said under the new measures, private businessmen in Zanzibar would now be
allowed to import certain specified commodities not requiring the expenditure
of foreign exchange by the Zanzibar Revolutionary Government.

According to the Minister, Zanzibar would still be engaged in the importation
of maize flour, salt, match boxes, khanga, other/cloth materials, baking
powder and tea leaves.

He, however, said that apart from this stand, the Zanzibar Government would
not prevent any private businessman from importing the commodities provided
that the Revolutionary Government would not be forced to spend foreign ex-
change reserves on the matter.

All other commodities including sugar cane, domestic appliances, agricultural
and construction materials as well as cosmetics would be imported by individual
dealers under strict supervision of the Ministry of Trade.

The Minister also said that private businessmen would also be allowed to as—
sist the government in the exportation of cloves oil and copra.

Before the new policy, he said, private businessmen were only allowed to ex-
port fish, sea weed, mats, local hats, sea millipedes and pepper.

In order to implement the policy smoothly, private businessmen must have export
licence from the Ministry as well as a bank account at the People's Bank of
Zanzibar from where they would operate their transactions, he added. The
Minister said the trade adjustment policy was not a deviation from the policy
of social ownership of vital means of production in the Isles but that it was
aimed at making various commodities avatlable to the people through the Isles.

cso: 3400/779
69


President Kerekou and Dr Chedly expressed their satisfaction with the
excellent standard. of this cooperation and reaffirmed their determination
to strengthen it even further.

The two speakers had also, on the one hand, to analyze the repercussions
of the economic crisis on the Beninese economy and, on the other, the
effects of the drought which prevails in several African countries,
making their situation even more extreme because of the growing scarcity
of water holes and the resulting drop in agricultural production.

After this analysis, they agreed on the necessity of proceeding with a
diagonstic analysis of the Beninese economy to be able to determine its
strengths and weaknesses accurately.

Finally, the two speakesr dealt with the subject of Arab-African cooperation,
that he [sic] would like to see reinforced during a second Arab-African
summit.

During a working session, the president of the Arab Bank for Economic
Development in Africa (BADEA) also had talks with several members of the
National Executive Council, particularly:

-the minister of Planning, Statistics, and Economic Analysis;
~the minister of Industry, Mines, and Energy;
-the minister of Finance.

A ministerial working session at the Ministry of Planning, Statistics and
Economic Analysis on Tuesday 14 February 1984 brought together, besides
the minister of planning, statistics, and economic analysis, the minister
of industry, mines, and energy, the minister of transport and communica-
tions, the minister of finance, the minister of rural development and
cooperative action, the minister of public works, construction and
housing, the minister of state farms, stockbreeding and fisheries, the
minister of public and semipublic enterprises, and the minister of
commerce.

9824
CSO: 3419/473

14



ZIMBABWE

MINISTER ASSURES NATION MAIZE SUPPLIES WILL LAST THROUGH 1985
Minister‘s Statement
Bulawayo THE CHRONICLE in English 9 Mar 84 p 1

{Excerpt] ZIMBABWE will have enough maize to take it through 1985, the
Mahister of Agriculture, Senator Denis Norman, has assured the nation.

He told our correspondent in an interview that contingent plans had been darwn,
including the importation of maize from Malawi to meet the country's require-
ment. “We have maize on target," the Minister said.

Measures would be taken to increase the present maize allocations to millers
to ensure that there was enough maize meal throughout the country. This would
be done when the maize from Malawi had arrived and the new intake had been
received.

The Government is buying about 40 000 tonnes of maize from Malawi to supple-
ment the existing national stock which have depleted due to a three-year
drought.
Sen Norman was reacting to reported temporary shortages of maize meal in some
parts of the country.

Minister's Statement Applauded
Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Mar 84 p 3
[Editorial: "Just In Time]

[Text] AGRICULTURE Minister Senator Denis Norman's assurance that Zimbabwe
will have enough maize to see it through 1985 is welcome news indeed.

The timing of the announcement was most opportune, coming at a time when
people were becoming increasingly concerned about maize meal shortages in
some parts of the country. It is reassuring to know that the Government is

not only cognisant of the problem but has already taken steps to alleviate
it.

97



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

DELEGATION LEAVES FOR HANOI~-A delegation led by Comrade Aklu Girgire, Per-
manent Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture, yesterday afternoon left for
Hanoi on a three-week study tour to gather aseful experience with regard to

the construction of socialist economy in rural Ethiopia. The team composed

of members from the offices for organizing peasants associations under re-
gional offices of the Ministry of Agriculture, will avail itself of the op-
portunity to exchange views with Vietnamese counterparts on organizing pea-
sants and will tour collective farms. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 23 Feb 84 p 1]

JAPANESE AID FOR AGRICULTURE--Japan will provide a grant to Ethiépia amount-
ing to 3,156,522 birr to be used for agricultural development. This is con-
tained in an agreement signed here yesterday between Comrade Tekola Dejene,
Minister of Agriculture and COPWE Central Committee member, and Ambassador
Sukeiaro Enomoto of Japan to Socialist Ethiopia, on behalf of their respec-
tive governments. The grant was made in accordance with the 1980 food aid
convention which is part of Japan's economic cooperation with Ethiopia.
Speaking at the ceremony held at the Ministry of Agriculture, Comrade Tekola
stressed the importance of the grant in view of the co-operation of the two
countries in the agricultural sphere. Ambassador Enomoto on his part noted
the bright prospects for further enhancing the co-operation between Socialist
Ethiopia and Japan in the economic sphere. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE
ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 22 Feb 84 p 1]

SWEDISH AID FOR CONSTRUCTION--The Swedish government has undertaken to provide
a 974,000 birr assistance to the Ministry of Construction for the manufacture
of brick-like blocks without cement. An agreement to this effect was signed
recently by Comrade Abebe.Muluneh, Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of
Construction, and Ambassador Nils Gunnar Revelius of Sweden. Possibilities
of manufacturing the brick-like blocks without cement have been under study
since the last eight years and hopes are high that the product would be com
merically viable within the next two years. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE
ETHIOPIAN HERALD in Engl¢sh 26 Feb 84 p 1]

RRC CONCLUDES AGREEMENT--The Relief and Rehabilitation Commission (RRC) has
concluded an agreement with the welfare organization known as Norchurch Aid
that would enable it secure assistance amounting to 400,000 birr. The wel-
fare organization agreed to help the RRC transport 31,974 quintals of food

19



--Better housing;

--Better and more education and training facilities; and

--Elimination of limiting statutory measures.

I don't expect them to come with big, drastic demands in the short term.

[question] How will the Coloreds divide politically among themselves?

[Professor Esterhuyse] On the one hand, there will be a realistic approach especial-
ly under the leadership of the Labor Party, which means that change can only come

about if there is also cooperation on certain points.

On the other hand, there will be the so-called "politics of refusal" by certain
groups. .

I expect the first-mentioned approach to receive the greatest support among the
colored people.

[question] What price will South Africa have to pay for the new system?

[Professor Esterhuyse] We must expect the new system to make very high financial
demands.

There is lost ground to be made up with respect to Coloreds and Asians.

The success of the new system will partly depend on the manner in which community
development succeeds.

In that respect the financial demands are a test to see whether the whites really
want peace in this country.

8700
CSO: 3401/50

48


ZIMBABWE

MINISTER SAYS GOVERNMENT TO BUY, MOVE CATTLE FROM DROUGHT AREA
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 11 Mar 84 p 1
[Article by Tendayi Nyakum]

[Text] THE Government is to spend about $28 million buying and moving cattle
from drought-stricken areas this year, the Minister of Agriculture, Senator
Denis Norman, has said.

In an interview with The Sunday Mail last week, the Minister said: "This will
be bridging finance to move cattle from the affected areas, put them somewhere
where we can look after them or slaughter them.

"That will not be a loss to us. I say us because the cattle will then belong
to the Government through the Cold Storage Commission, because once we maintain
them we will be in a position to resell them to farmers for restocking or those
that are ready will be sent to the abattoirs and will be sold as meat."

But the CSC would not be buying all the farmers' herds. It would buy residu-
ally on a calculated basis through consultation with the farmers.

"They will look at the grazing facilities and find out how many a fawmer can
accommodate. If he has 1 200, and he can only accommodate 1 000, we will buy
the 200 or help with the drought situation," he said.

“But at the communal sales, we will offer to buy what the farmer wants to
sell in order to help reduce the pressure on the grazing area."

Destocking

Asked whether the land-carrying capacity available was enough until the next
rains, he said: "Obviously in the south, where they are in their third year
of drought, some considerable level of destocking will have to occur because
of the heavy pressure on the grazing land.

"It is because of this pressure and the farmer's inability to carry his herd
in entirety that the Geveznment has introduced this scheme through the CSC
to assist the farmer by taking off what stock his land will not carry," he
said.

93



MOZAMBIQUE

OTM LEADER RETURNS FROM CUBAN LABOR CONFERENCE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Mar 84 p 3

[Text] Jose Correia Ganancia, assistant secretary general of the Organization

of Mozambican Workers [OTM], returned yesterday morning from Cuba, where he

took part in the proceedings of the 15th Congress of the Cuban Workers Federation
{cTc], which took place from 20 to 24 February in Havana, the capital of that
Latin American socialist country.

Speaking with the press in Maputo, the Mozambican labor leader said that his
participation in the sessions of the CTC congress enabled him to learn about
the ways in which workers in other socialist countries have faced and solved
their labor problems.

Good Experience

"Tt was a good experience for us, since we have not held an event of this kind
since the OTM was created," Ganancio said.

The congress focused on an analysis of the economic situation, socialist emu-
lation, increased production and productivity for the benefit of the Cuban
people, as well as the political and military situation in Cuba and in the Latin
American region, with the threatened aggression and economic blocade orchestrated
by imperialism, with particular emphasis on Central America.

Cooperation with Cuban Unions

Outside the congress, the OTM leader met with Cuban union leaders to sign a
cooperation accord to support and strengthen the existing relations between
the two labor organizations in various areas, including professional training.
These contacts will be pursued in Mozambique this year, with the arrival of a
CTC detegation to execute the program.

Disasters Reported

World Union Movement delegations from a wide variety of countries attended the
congress. Ganancio reported to them aout the recent happenings which have beset
Mozambique: the material and human losses caused by natural disasters~-drought,
the tropical storm "Domoina" and the floods-~as well as the destabilizing man-
euvers conducted directly by the Republic of SouthAfrica or by the armed bandits.

31



BRIEFS

BENIN ISLAMIC ASSOCIATION ESTABLISHED--On 2 and 3 January 1984, the con-
stituent congress of the Benin Islamic Union was held in the precincts

of the Coulibaly Technical College. The congress, which was solemnly opened
by the Atlantic prefect, Comrade Soule Dankoro, gathered around the Djamiou
imams of Porto-Novo, Cotonou, Athieme, Abomey, Parakou and Natitingou more
than 200 faithful of both sexes from our six provinces. During the 48
hours that their meetings lasted, the congress members gave particular
attention to the role which the Muslim community can play in the develop-
ment process under way in our country, the Popular Republic of Benin.
Consequently, they decided unanimously to establish a mass denominational
organization, termed the Benin Islamic Union. (UIB) Open to all Muslims,
male and female, the. UIB sees itself above all as a means to emancipation
of the national Muslim community, strictly respecting the laws in force

in our country, so that it can make an effective and positive contribution
to the process under way since 26 October 1972. [Excerpt] [Cotonou BENIN-
PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 323, 3 Feb 84 p 12] 9824

FRG ROAD COOPERATION REPORTED--Cotonou. A ceremony marking the completion
of the one hundredth kilometer in the establishment of rural roads in

the Atlantic province last 13 January: brought together the political and
administrative authorities of the province, the population, and the German
and Beninese technicians and experts. As a matter of fact, according to
the head of the German mission with CARDER Atlantic, Gunter Dresrusse,
technical cooperation between Benin and the FRG has been in effect in this
are since 1976 and this has resulted in the delivery of the first 100 km
stage in completed roads. Intergovernmental negotiations are in progress
between the two countries for further financing which would make it possible
to complete altogether between now and 1990 the remaining 400 kms already
planned. [Excerpts] [Cotonou BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 321,
20 Jan 84 p 12] 9824

cso: 3419/473

15



TANZANIA

FINNISH AMBASSADOR ON SETBACKS, SUCCESSES OF AID PROGRAM
Helsinki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 6 Feb 84 p 2

[Article by Otso Immonen: "Tanzania: Aid Program Useful Despite
Setbacks"]

{Text] The lively discussion about development assistance has often

involved the individual flaws and mistakes of the aid program. In this
context Tanzania, with which Finland has for a long time been. involved
in development collaboration, has also been brought into unfavorable

light.

The critical observers have pointed out that the fishing trawlers are
becoming rusted in the harbor, that the pharmaceutical and wood process-
ing industries are not functioning well and that the tractors are not
being used because of the lack of spare parts.

Finland's ambassador to Tanzania, Ilkka Ristimaki, states, however,

that it is not a matter of a "Tanzania syndrome." Quite the contrary,
Ristimaki is of the opinion that of all the countries Finland is involved
with in development assistance collaboration the conditions in Tanzania
are the best suited for taking advantage of the aid program. According
to Ristimaki the aid to Tanzania must not be reduced under any conditions.

Ristimaki also points out that Finland has committed itself to the chan-.
neling of 30 percent of its bilateral aid to countries that in accordance
with the UN classification are among the least developed countries.

Tanzania is the only recipient country that belongs to this group.
Besides, the assistance policies that aim at equality meet the Finnish
requirements better than the average development policies of other coun-
tries.

Illogical Criticism
According to Ristimaki it is illogical to criticize the recipient country

for being underdeveloped. Ristimaki emphasizes that there is reason
to reexamine thoroughly the development assistance to Tanzania after

59



On the basis of the experience of the past, under the forms of political and
administrative leadership during the period of the war for national libera-
tion, we set up the People's Assembly and the provincial assemblies as organs
of people's power, a process that will be completed with the establishment
of the municiple and communal assemblies,

This right of participation in the management of the affairs of state and
matters of political, economic, social life and other areas, eliminated by
colonialism, is without a doubt our greatest achievement because it now
enables us to be the master of our destiny.

We also have~ other accomplishments in the social, economic and cultural
fields. Control of the country's main resources, such as oil, coffee and
diamonds, the seizure and nationalization of economically and strategically
important enterprises or tyose abandoned by their owners after independence,
make it possible to guide the.country's economy with an aim to meet the
people's basic needs gradually.

In the social field, we attribute great value to measures leading to the
nationalization of education and health, giving the people broad access to
these two spheres. As an example, one might recall that in primary education,
we now have 2 million pupils, nearly four times more than during the colonial
period. We have also registered successes -in sports, where our international
results in different areas express the efforts we are making and the attention
we give to this activity. Likewise, we are making progress in the cultural
domain, an area in which our people are trying to reassert their identity. -

However, it is obvious that a system such as our own, open to the solution of
the most urgent problems of the masses, faces difficulties in rapidly reaching
the goals set and with great success.

In addition to facing the heritage of the past and the difficulties of the
first years of independence, we have to win an undeclared war of aggression
in which the enemy's main targets are economic and the civilian population,
in addition to the military.

This partially explains why our agricultural production of essential goods is
still not adequate to meet national consumer needs, resulting in problems in
the supplying of food to the population.

Regional Military Councils

[Question] I wish you would speak of the creation of the regional military
councils (CMR).

[Answer] The creation of the regional military councils is the measure of

the greatest politicai and military scope for eliminating the war. imposed upon
us and it was taken this year to commemorate the eighth anniversary of inde-
pendence.



"We would like to feel we already have extremely close working rélationships
with the trade unions and we would like to expand this to include the Govern-
ment," he says.

Mr Britten also says his organisation would like to become more involved in
the problems of school-leavers left out of the labour market.~-Ziana.

cso: 3400/776

91



MOZAMBIQUE

PARTY CELLS CREATED IN COMMUNITIES TO COMPLEMENT DYNAMIZATION GROUPS
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 29 Feb 84 p2

[Text] During the year, the Party Committee for the City of Beira has planned
to establish new political structures in the communities. These will be the
neighborhood party cells, organs which will complement the work of the dynami-
zation groups [GD's].

The measure was announced by Antonio Govanhica, secretary of the control depart-
ment of the City Committee, in a meeting several days ago in Nhaconjo District,
as part of the campaign in progress in the city to reorganize the GD's.

Speaking to the hundreds of peple who had gathered there, the official explained
that the party cells will have the task of directing the political activities
of the party rank and file, defining the work of the GD's, while the GD's will
constitute the executive councils of the communities."

As the secretary explained. the creation of the party cells will be the latest
phase in the reorganization of the GP's in the neighborhoods.

It is noted that the purpose of the above-mentioned meeting was to introduce
the new secretariat of the district, following the dismissal of the previous
secretariat for several irregularities in the performance of its duties.

No Work without Products

One of the problems that led to the dismissal of the former GD directorate in
Nhaconjo was the lack of coordination between the leadership and the base.
There was no public discussion of the life in the neighborhood by the officials.

The most serious irregularity committed by the former secretariat (a situation
which is still observed in other neighborhoods) is the abuse of power. "We

are finding that some community officials have become mini-"regulos" [the native
chieftans once appointed by the colonial government]; thye do not respect or
solve the problems of the people,” Govanhica said.

One of the factors involved in the poor performance of same of the GD structures is

the opportunism of certain officials who infiltrated them. In this regard, the
City Committee secretary for control commented:

36


We hope the minister's words will serve to dissuade those of our compatriots
who might have been tempted to resort to hoarding. It is counter-productive
to hoard any commodity, more so when that particular commodity will continue
to be readily available.

However, much as we applaud the minister's announcement we feel it is also
important that several imponderables should be taken into consideration. We
assume that Senator Norman's announcement is contingent on the fact that the
maize meal will suffice if it is confined to feeding Zimbabweans only and if
the millers play their role.

Lately Zimbabwe has experienced an upsurge in the numbers of displaced people.
The whole of Southern Africa has been suffering from the drought.

As a result Zimbabwe has been forced to feed some of our brothers and sisters
who have fled hunger and starvation in their own countries to come here.
Their presence has put a severe strain on our resources, which have also
suffered from the drought.

The second imponderable is whether our millers will be patriotic enough to
work all-out in grinding the maize that the GMB delivers to them.

We hope the millers will do everything in their power to make sure that no
Zimbabwean starves in this hour of need.

csO: 3400/776

98



This sawmill is equipped with a modern production line, consisting of a hori-
zontal bandsaw, tw.vertical band saws, a multiple circular saw and two cross~

cut saws. Its operation is suppomted by a sharpening shop consisting of equip-
ment for welding, sharpening, setting saw teeth and adjusting tension, two office
files and a private power plant with two 400-kva diesel generators. The raw
material for the mill is fed through a conveyor that also controls the movement
of the lumber before and after it is cut.

In a message read during the inauguration, the director of the provincial office
of MADEMO [expansion unknown] in Cabo Delgado Province noted that the construction
of the lumber mill “is indisputable witness to the good relations of cooperation
between the Government of the People's Republic of Mozambique and the Scandi-
navian countries." Actually, the swift completion of construction of the Mahate
mill is owing to the dedication of the Swedish technicians of "Silviconsulti"

and the Mozambican workers, “who spared no effort" for a little over 2 years.

During the inauguration ceremony, which turned into a real party, some workers
who had distinguished themselves during the construction and installation of
the sawmill received socialist emulation awards, which included bicycles, a
chest of drawers and sets of tables with four chairs.

In his address, after noting the historic importance of 3 February, General
Chipande declared that the inauguration of this lumber mill represents part

of the struggle against underdevelopment and will make it possible to produce
more and better lumber, one of our country’s strategic products and an important
source of wealth. Alberto Chipande congratulated all the workers and residents
of the Gingone and Mahate districts who had a part in building this important
economic unit, "whose enthusiastic efforts made it possible to complete the
project so quickly."

Beginning at 0700 hours on 3 February, the ceremony to inaugurate the Mahate
lumber mill went on until about 2300 hours that evening.

6362
CSO: 3442/304

39