Not Sufficient Safeguards--Vause Raw

IT WAS naive to be-
lieve that political
reform was the only
final solution and
that it would put an
end to terrorism and
violence, the leader
of the New Republic
Party, Mr Vause
Raw, said.

Opposing the second
reading of the Internal
Security Bill, he said
that while it would not
change the immediate

situation it would at

least dry up the stream
of future recruits.

~The NRP ‘could not
support the official Op-
position’s amendment
that the Bill be read
“this day, six months”
since his party believed
security legislation was
warranted under cer-
tain special circum-
stances, but with the
necessary judicial safe-

guards.

He moved a further’
amendment, declining
to pass the second
reading of the Bill, stat-
ing that: “This House,
while committed to the
preservation of law and
order accepting

PFP View

‘THE Internal Security
Bill package as pres-
ented to the House was
objectionable and unac-
ceptable, Mr P H Gas-
trow (PFP Durban Cen-
tral) said.

It would be unrealistic
to say his party was op-
posed to security legis-
lation, but the security
legislation as it now
stood and the provisions
contained in the Bill
would be seen by the
majority - of Blacks,

CSO: 4700/1245

“that the sophisticatedly
organised campaign to
overthrow the author-
ity of the State by in-
citement of unrest, sub-
version and violence
requires counter-meas-
ures unacceptable in a
normal democratic sys-
tem, nevertheless de-
clines to pass the sec-
ond reading of the
Internal Security Bill
because it fails to neu-
tralise the damaging
propaganda campaign
which forms an essen-
tial element of that on-
slaught, by not provid-
ing, inter alia,

unassailable repudia-
tion through:
@ Adequate safe-

guards, by means of
early judicial review,
against executive ac-
tion against persons;

@ Statutory _ prohib-
ition of unacceptable
methods of interroga-
tion;

@ Limiting the possi-
bility of false allega-
tions against the Secur-
ity services by
permitting detainees"

Coloureds and Indians.
a3 a move to entrench
the White political struc-

“I believe it is doing
just that.”

own doctors to accom-
pany state medical offi-
cers when visiting
them.

Nobody, Mr Raw said,
could question the
NRP’s commitment to
South Africa’s security.
Despite improvements,
the Bill failed to meet
certain important re-
quirements and the
NRP could therefore
not support the second
reading. It would pin-
point its attitude more
specifically in commit-
tee.

54



ZANLA'S CO-OP LESSON BEARS FRUIT

Harare THE HERALD in English 7 May 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

THE GOVERNMENT'S
call for people to establish
co-operatives has taken
root in the Mount Darwin
and Rushinga communal
lands, not as a new dea,
but as a concept adopted
during the liberation war.
The co-operative
josophy was by
combatants dur-
ing the war and has led to
more than 30  under-
takings being established.
According to Mr Ben
Madondo, the regional
agricultural officer for
one of the five districts,
more ar? being formed.
‘The co-operatives are
mainly occupied in raising
chickens, feeding cattle
anc in tobacco farming.
Nine women at Chihwal,
in the Rushinga com-
muna] land are @ classic
example of the Co-spera-
ging up in
twe'as ricts.
nota the chairwoman | of
e cooper. ey rs
Nyengete: Chihwal:
“We started this project
pith ,the super ion of
government and
peltex officials, but
really, we got the idea of
co-operatives from the
comrades who
operated 1 in this area for a
long tim
She raid that in the

things for themselves and
therefore were treated as
inferior to men. Hach of
the women in the co-

rative had contributed
Sito to the project and a
builder was hired to con-

4700/1246

struct a fowl run.

we have more
than 200 chickens ready
for th: market. We intend
servicing Mount

Darwin,
Rushinga and Bindura
markets initially. We will
also supply four second-
ary is in the
two districts,’’ Mrs

Calhwal said.
wong daterview a=

essed with the Peeopic’s
rm co-operas
tives. He said his de
partment was running a
two-year master farmers’
course for those who in-
tended to form co-opera-
tives or who had already
done so. One co-operative

was already receiving
training in tobacco farm-
ing at Karuyana, he said.
Mount Darwin and
Rushinga are among the
leading tobacco and cotton
farming communal lands
in the country, and in
Epeogntion of this and
production,

Agricura, a Bommerciat
company, has offered two
prizes {> farmers in the

A spokesman for the
company said the best
farmer would receive a
bursary to enable his child
to attend Chibero or
Qwebi Agricultural Col-
leges, or if he did not have

# chil. capable of attend-
fhe one of the colleges, he
would receive money
equivalent to the
scholarship.

‘Loe second prize would
be $700 worth Po agricul-
tural equipment.—ZIS.

119



and those of spare parts, erratic implementation of fare increases and
gradual worsening of indebtedness toward state companies and public and pri-
vate services, of which the total now stands at 1.5 billion Malian francs.

Difficulties due to vehicles: progressive aging of the fleet (vehicles
10 to 20 years old), unreliability of certain types of devices, accidents
and a growing number of serious incidents.

The drop in freight traffic; the collapse of tonnage from 60,000 tons
in 1979 to 48,000 tons in 1981 in domestic traffic,while tonnage in imports
has risen from 197,000 tons in 1978 to 210,000 in 1981, and in exports
tere has been. gradual reduction from 30,000 tons (1978) to 22,200 tons

1981).

Incidentally, in glancing over the auditor's three reports, one notes in
the 1977 report "unauthorized occupation of. certain real estate belonging to
the administration, in Bamako, Toukoto, and Kayes, by public and parastatal
services." This state of affairs is even more harmful to administration
funds because FERMALI receives no rental income from it.

In the auditor's 1979 report, the underlying causes of the foreseeable col-
lapse of this giant of national industry are listed as follows: flaws in
the organizational, thus decision-making, structure, negligence in technical
services (transport and materiel), haphazard ordering of spare parts and
materiel, slackness among workers, fundamental inadequacy of the Special
Police, irresponsibility ("attitude of mind of railway workers" etcetera).
However, all hope is not lost. Reasons for hope are to be found in the
RCFM board president's opening speech: "the pursuit since 1973 of efforts
to modernize structures of which the multiple objectives are defined thus:
better use of human resources through the implementation of a new organiza-
tional plan, improvement in procedures, reorganization of fare structures,
optimization of the use of rolling stock, etcetera." These far-reaching
actions are part of the administration's recovery plan, which has already
been worked out and put into effect.

12149
cso: 4719/892

20



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
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given by source.

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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



PEASANTS FOUND GUILTY IN KANA FARM SQUATTING CASE

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 3

[Text]

cso:

GWERU.

ALL 146 Buhera peasants
arrested when squatting
on Kana Farm in the
Mvuma district, were con-
victed of trespassing yes-
terday.

‘The State prosecutor's
submission that they had
deliberately invited pro-
secution to embarrass the
Government by getting
publicity for their case
‘was upheld by the magis-
trate’s court here,

‘AN had pleaded not
guilty.

Several of them had a
previous conviction for
trespassing on the farm
for which they had been
given suspended senten-
ces.

These were given four
month sentences of which
two months was suspend-
ed and the previously sus-
pended sentences of $30
(or 30 days) were brought
into effect.

First offenders were
fined $50 (or 50 days) of
which $30 (or 30 days)
were suspended.

Defence counse] Mr §&.
V. Mtambanengwe_ sub-
mitted that the State had
not proved that the
accused had refused to
leave the farm when
asked to-do so — an
essential element of the
charge.

They had not refused
because they were not
asked. They were simply
arrested.

Magistrate, Mr Linos

4700/1246

*Mazonde, found that the

squatters had been warn-
ed and asked to leave the
land and had refused to
do so. They had been
tnoved from the land when
they squatted there last
year and they had re
turned.

They were defying the
Government and should
have waited for its re-
settlement agents to help
them.

Prosecutor, Mr Barry
Munro, said ‘the squatters
had taken the law into
their own hands, The Gov-
ernment was doing its best
to find land for people
and he urged that the
court should deal with
them seriously:

Passing sentence, Mr

Mazonde told the accused
they had squatted illegally
in defiance of authorit;
and the Government.
“Land is a contentious
issue in this country and
it is known that many
people were — displaced
from their land by pre-
vious governments,” he
said. ;
“The Government is
trying its best and is buy-
ing farms in the country
and it cannot be allowed
for parts of the com-
munity to do what they
want.”

Mr Mazonde sald that
many were taken from
farms and reserves long
ago. If it was permitted
for people to retum to
their ancestral homes
there would be chaos in
the country,

115

ZIMBABWE



SOUTH AFRICA

GIBSON DENIES HIS PARTY IS IN CRISIS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May 82 p 8

[Text] THE

Progressive ~*
Federal Party on the__
Rand is not in a cri- ;
sis because of propo-
sals for reform of
local government ~
made by the Presi- -
dent’s Council,
according to the par-
ty’s leader in the
Transvaal  Provin-
cial Council, Mr .
Douglas Gibson. i
He was commenting
yesterday on Press re-
ports on Sunday that
there was a crisis in the
party because of- cer-
tain recommendations. .
It was also reported:
that the PFP would’
meet the party's deputy
leader, Mr Colin Eglin,
yesterday “to thrash
out a common respon-
se” to the proposals.
The meeting was, in
fact, held on Sunday-
night between Mr Eg-
lin, all the PFP Trans-
vaal MPC's and
members of the party’s
caucuses in the Johan-
nesburg City Council
and the Sandton and
Randburg Town Coun-

Gibson did not attend
the meeting, but told
the Citizen yesterday
that the party was‘not
seeking a lead on the
“hot potata” issue of,
local government.

“These recommenda-
tions have not been
spelled out in sufficient

é
i
i
i]
f

detail for the PFP to°

have to take a stand on
them now”, Mr Gibson
told The Citizen.

The local government.
proposals are seen as
placing the PFP in a
predicament, because
on one hand they raise
fears that the income of
the Johannesburg,
Sandton and Randburg

municipalities — inad-
‘equate even for their
own needs — would

have to be shared with
emergent - Non-White
jocal authorities. :
On the other hand,
for the PFP, committed
to closing the gap be-
tween White and Non-
White living standards,
the proposals consti-
tute a test of its willing-
hess to put its money
where its mouth is.
’ Mr Gibson made it
clear that the PFP
would be in no hurry to
show its hand. “The
proposals in the Presi-
dent’s Council report
are half-baked at the
moment”, he said. '
“Like the Govern-
ment itself, the PFP is
still in the debating
stage as far as all these
recommendations are
concerned and it will be
a few months before
the party has formu-
lated its response to
them.

“We are a long way
from considering such
details as.

whether.

metropolitan  author-'
ities would mean Jo-
hannesburg ratepayers
taking on the burden of
financing neighbouring
local authorities, or
which municipality
would be subsidising
the other’s electricity
services. .
“They were not dis-
cussed at. last night's.
meeting with Mr Eglin,
which was held to work
out the party’s initial
response to the Presi-
dent’s Council reports”.
Mr Gibson question-
ed the assumption that
the Johannesburg
metropolitan authority.
would necessarily be
dominated by emergent
local councils that
would be in a position
to divert the money of
White ‘ratepayers to
their own needs.
“Such a metropolitan
authority would pre
sumably include Sand-
ton an Randburg, as
well as Johannesburg,
and there is no reason
to believe they would be
outnumbered by their
Black, Coloured and In-
dian neighbours”, he
said. E
“It is doubtful
whether they would:
even join the proposed
metropolitan authority.
“In terms of the
President’s Council rec-
ommendations the
choice is theirs — if
they don’t want to come
into a metropolitan
authority, they needn't.

63

“My own view is that,

the local authorities in
Alexandra, Lenasia, El-
dorado Park and West-
ern Township will pre-
fer not to become
independent. They are
part of Johannesburg
now and they are likely
to want to remain part
of it”.

Mrs Pat van Rens-
burg, the PFP chairman
of the Randburg Town
Council’s Management
Committee, also
claimed that the PFP
did not know enough
about the local govern-
ment proposals to com-
Pit itself yet. .

‘Mf Moss reasons that
the whole success of
any further dispensa-
tions of local and
metropolitan _author-
ities would depend on
the financial sources
made available.

“TI have asked for a
full set of the relevant
documents”, Mrs Van
Rensburg told The Citi-
zen. >

“I will study them
when I have received
them, and only then will
I be prepared to make a
statement”.

Mr Sam Moss, leader
of the PFP-in the Jo-
hannesburg City Coun-
cil, yesterday told The
Citizen the meeting
with Mr Eglin on Sun-
day night wgs only held
to have the recommen-
dations of the Presi-
dent’s Council “‘ex-
plained by an expert.”



TERRORISM ACT LOSES FORCE IN HOMELANDS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

[Text]

BLOEMFONTEIN.’
— The Appeal Court,
in an historic majori-
ty judgment, has
held that the South
African Terrorism
Act, in the aspects in
which it is in conflict
with the provisions
of the Constitution
of the Republic of
BophuthaTswana, is
not applicable in Bo-
phuthaTswana.

It was not applicable
there at the time of an
alleged contravention
by Wilfred Sebonege
Marwane of a section of
the Act or at any other
time relevant to his ap-
peal against his convic-
tion and sentence of 15
years imprisonment be-
cause it was effectively
repealed by the Consti-
tution to the extent of
the conflict.

This was decided by
Mr Justice Miller, with
the concurrence of Mr
Justice Jansen, Mr Jus-
tice Muller, Mr Justice
Diemont, Mr Justice
Viljoen ‘and Acting
Judges of Appeal Mr
Justice Galgut and Mr
Justice van Heerden.

Set aside

They set aside yester-
day Marwane’s convic-
tion and sentence on
the main charge of con-
travening the Terror-
ism Act and substituted
8 verdict of guilty of the

in English 20 May

second alternative
charge —-a contraven-
tion of the Arms and
Ammunition Act, to

which Marwane had
pleaded guilty — and
a sentence of
three-and-a-half years

imprisonment.
Marwane was con-
victed in the Supreme
Court of Bophutha-
Chief

It was found that
Marwane had been iz
possession of exp!
sives — a hand grenade
—‘in BophuthaTswana
on August 1 1978.

Mr Justice Hiemstra
held that the Terrorism
Act was a South Afri-
can law that applied to
the territory as it had
not, at that stage, been
repealed.

Sentence
posed on Marwane on
January 29 1979. . ;

interpretation

. Mr Justice Miller said
the principal issue in
the appeal related to
the interpretation ‘of
the Constitution Act,
larly of Section

$3(1). <
In Marwane’s case
both the Terrorism Act
of 1967 and the sab-
otage provisions, said
in the main charge and
first alternative charge
respectively to have

was im-

74

82 p9

been contravened by
him, conflicted with the
Constitution and were
thus repealed by Sec-
tion 93(1) of the Con-
stitution Act.

It had been argued on
the strength of the
words “subject to the
Provisions of this con-
stitution,” which
started Section 93(1),
that laws in conflict
with the Constitution
were necessarily ex-
cluded from the body of
existing laws to con-
tinue operating. .

There was no doubt
that Provisions, of the
Terrorism con-
flicted with those of the
Constitution, the judge
said.

Conflicts

The judge quoted
from the provisions and
said that it was appar-
ent in respect of certain
essential elements of
“the offence of partici-
pation in terroristic ac-
tivities” thiat the accus-
‘ed was responsible for
proving beyond reason-
able doubt the absence
of such elements.

These provisions
should be compared
with section 12(7) of
the Constitution which
read: “Everyone
charged with a criminal
offence shall be pre-

SOUTH AFRICA

section 6(5) of the Ter-
rorism Act denied ac-
cess to the courts to any
person detained in
terms of Section 6(1).
Section 12(5) of the
Constitution, however,
provided that everyone
“who is deprived of his
liberty by arrest, or de-
tention, shall be en-
titled to take proceed-
ings by which the
lawfullness of his de-
tention shall be decided
promptly by acourt and

release ordered if
the detention was not
lawful.”

Yet another conflict
was that, whereas Sec-
fion a) of the Terror-

Act provided that
ait but Sections 3, 6 and
7, “shall be deemed to
have come into opera-
tion on the 27th day of
June, 1962, and shall,
notwithstanding any-
thing to the contrary in
any law or the common
law contained, apply
also in respect of, or
with reference to, any
act committed ... at
any time on, or after,
the said date, Section
12(8) of the constitut-
ion provided that no
one “shall be guilty of
any criminal offence
under the law in force



MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

BEEF PRODUCTION--Madagascar has launched a $25.83-million village livestock and
rural development programme in Mahajanga Province. The province, with a popula-
tion of about 1.1 million people, is one of the country's principal livestock-
producing regions. It has over 3 million head of cattle, about one-third of the
national herd. The project will receive a $15-million credit from the International
Development Association (IDA), the World Bank affiliate for concessionary lending.
Under an earlier project, veterinary and extension services were set up to serve
about 500 villages in Mahajanga. The system is now planned to serve about 1,350
villages and a pilot animal production project to cover 40 villages will also be
introduced. Besides, surface water storage points are to be built in 35 villages
and about 80 wells are to be dug to provide drinking water for the human population.
Some 100 km. of all-weather roads are also to be constructed to provide access

from the primary road system. [Text] [Victoria NATION in English 7 May 82 p 2]

cso: 4700/1249

10



MUTASA TO SUBMIT PARLIAMENTARY REFORM PROPOSALS

Harare THE HERALD in English 7 May 82 p 1

[Text] tum Speaker of the

cso:

House of Assembly, Mr
Didymus Mutasa, and his
delegation will submit
their report of proposals
for parliamentary reforms
to the Prime Minister, Mr
Mugabe, before the end of
this month.

‘Mr Mutasa was speak-
ing at Harare Airport yes-
terday after his return
from) Mozambique where
he led an eight-member
delegation to study the
functions and nature of
Mozambique’s parliament-

ary system.
From = Mozambique’s
National Assembly | the

delegation had learnt a
great deal on how to or-
ganise society in a socialist
state and how democracy
could be implemented in
a socialist situation, he
aid.

“We saw how important
it was to have a two-way
communication system be-
tween government and the
people.”

Mr Mutasa said they
had been impressed by the
way decisions presented to

the people by the party,
Frelimo, were _ passed
through’ state bodies like
People’s assemblies, dis-
cussed thoroughly and than
passed to the public for
implementation.

“We were completely
convinced that Mozam-
bique was on the road to
socialism and most of
their undertakings took a
socialistic trend.”

4700/1246

He said he had the op-
portunity to attend a
People’s assembly in
Maputo where government
policy was being discussed

and was very impressed
by the way members of
the public were involved
in trying to understand
what had been put for-
ward by the government.

Mr Mutasa said if every-
thing was put to him to
decide, the Zimbabwe
Parliament would resemble
that of | Mozambique,
although some problems
would be encountered.

“If we made provincial
assemblies in Zimbabwe
they would be viewed as
regionalism or tribalism.”

He criticised people who

thought along regional or
tribal lines saying all
Zimbabweans had to come
together and work for the
country’s development.

Asked how the Zimba-
bwe Parliament would
operate in a one-party
state, Mr Mutasa said it
would operate in the same
way as in other one-party
countries like Zambia and
‘Tanzania.

He hoped that Zimba-
bwe’s parliamentary dress
would be changed and
that when Parliament con-
vaned on June 15 everyone

124.

would be casually dressed
instead of wearing the
usual robes.

While in Mozambique
Mr Mutasa and his delega-
tion laid wreaths on the
monument of the Mozam-
bican heroes and also
visited the museum of the
revolution to look at the
history of Frelimo.

‘They held wide-ranging
discussions with Mozam-
bican MPs and had a meet-
ing with President Samora
Machel who described his
country’s 10-year develop-
ment pla

ZIMBABWE



COMMENTARY ON VOTER-REGISTRATION ANNOUNCEMENT

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 8

[Editorial: "Claim Your Vote"]

[Text] THE announcement that voter-registration is to begin soon is

cso:

unlikely to surprise many people for it has been ZANU (PF)
party policy (which now forms the majority government) to
Hestablish a democratic state in which the Government will be
‘created through one-man-one-vote and remain at all times respon-
sible to the people”.

It also shows the determination of the Government to “give
power to the people”. In other words, MPs will no longer be
elected on the popularity of their party as the case is at the
moment,’

Democracy can only thrive if people can elect their represen-

tatives and Government can only draw its strength when people
exercise their right to vote.
Eo For this mammoth exercise to succeed—we understand that
it will involve about three to four million people—a well planned
{publicity campaign must be launched as soon as possible, coupled
with well-drilled personnel prepared to work long hours.

Once the people understand the advantages of having a vote,
chances are that the exercise could be completed before the end
of next year. ,

4700/1246

130

ZIMBABWE



SOUTH AFRICA

REACTION TO CATHOLIC BISHOPS' STATEMENTS REPORTED

SACDL Objections

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 82 pp 8, 6

[Text] The South African Catholic Defence League (SACDL) said in Pretoria at the
weekend it wished to voice its conscientious objection concerning the statements
made by Catholic bishops concerning South West Africa.

Mr Jan Roodbol, the league's secretary, said in a statement on behalf of the SACDL
that if the bishops had proof of atrocities committed by the security forces, they
had the conscientious obligation to bring this to the notice of the courts.

Bishop Koppmann of Windhoek had said about Swapo the following: "If Swapo came to
power in Namibia, I would pack up and go unless Rome ordered me to stay. The
external wing of Swapo sold themselves to the Soviet Union," Mr Roodbol said Bishop
Koppmann obviously did not consider Swapo a liberation movement.

Mr Roodbol said Archbishop Hurley made allegations of brutality by South African as
well as Swapo forces, and was of the opinion that the South African Defence Force
had to leave South West African because of this. He asked if the archbishop was
also asking Swapo to leave the territory.

As far as the allegedly Christian faith of some misguided Swapo terrorists was con-~
cerned, Mr Roodbol said, the official orientation of Swapo was Marxist and Swapo
was backed by international communism. The bishops should know that an abundance
of communist literature had been found in Swapo bases.

He asked what kind of Christianity it was that held church services and promoted
violent terrorism, atrocities in the form of murders like the murders of Chiefs
Elifas and Kapuuo, intimidation and burning of churches.—Sapa.

Blackguarded
SWAPO is good. * . “Only South Africa stands in the way of a
South Africa’s security forces are bad. settlement which would allow Swapo to

Swapo would win any free and fair elec. _ take over.
tion held under United Nations supervi- The solution: South Africa’s forces must
sion. - withdraw from South West Africa.

69



MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO POPULATION TRAINED AGAINST AGGRESSION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Apr 82 p 2

[Text] "The ideological principles of FRELIMO Party and the path of our
economic development are targets of enemy aggression. It is incumbent on us
to know the forms of enemy aggression like acts of banditry inflicted on our
country," said Antonio Hama Thai, chairman of the executive council of the
city of Maputo, speaking to the secretaries of the GD [Dynamizing Groups] and
neighborhood leaders of the capital. They met last Friday at the workers
recreation center.

"It is not an accident that we want neighborhood leaders to be prepared
thoroughly to confront the enemy," continued Hama Thai, mentioning the para-
military preparation course recently given for neighborhood leaders. "I hope
you will hold maneuvers, drills, exercises and target practice in my presence,"
he stressed.

Types of Aggression

Next Hama Thai said that the paramilitary course taught neighborhood leaders
about conventional wars, although there are other types, such as guerrilla
warfare. "Our preparation for conventional war does not equip us to deal with
this kind of activities, which is why we must take measures."

Later, he said that, in the guerrilla war against our country, South Africa
used armed bands to assassinate party and government officials in regions
where they operated to try to discredit the party in the eyes of the people.
He also said that a bandit could enter a city like any other man. "The people
must be instructed in self-defense because of this and other types of enemy
infiltration," concluded Hama Thai.

Tasks of Neighborhood Leaders

Hama Thai instructed neighborhood leaders, confronted with specific types of
aggression, to know all residents of their area and make certain that neighbors
knew one another; this would facilitate a survey of the number of unemployed
so they could be involved in productive work in the neighborhood.

He also gave guidelines for monitoring people who came to the neighborhood and

those who had to be sent to their permanent residences when their permits
expired.

27



establish food reserves, and perhaps even develop exports. Water management
will be one of the key items in the program, on the. one. hand enabling ener-
gy to be produced, and on the othery hydro-agricultural installations to be
constructed, Mechanization and. application”. of new techniques will complete
the picture.

On a regional basis, five projects will be implemented, for an overall sum
of 39 billion CFA frances over the five regions (Savannahs, Kara, Central
Region, Tablelands, Maritime Region). They concern the development of food
crop farming, by setting up, among other things, production programs in
zones of traditional peasant farming. There will. be many hydro-agricultural
programs (La Fosse aux Lions, Tchiri plain, Oti valley, Binah, Patalou, and
Nangbetto regions), industrial farming will be developed, and stock-raising
increased (ranches at Borgou, Dako, and Adele).

Interregional projects involve the Savannah and Kara regions: a poultry farm,
tobacco growing (a 425-hectare plantation), development of graound-nut pro-
duction (a 400-hectare farm), rice/soybean programs, a pulse production pro-
gram. Parallel studies will be made on the development of coffee, cocoa,

and soybean growing.

On a national scale will be noted programs for the development of cotton
production (from 22,000 to 40,000 tons), the production and processing of
fruit (in particular the anacard and its fruit the cashew nut), the strength-
ening of cereal storage structures, the installation of a frozen food packing
line, the opening up of production zones through the construction of 1,000
Kilometers of rural roads, the development of a national park and Fazao-
Malfacassa wildlife reservation.

Industrial Development

Investments made during previous plans, especially during the 1978-1980
period, permitted the construction of large industrial structures in various
branches (cement works, phosphates, plastics, iron and steel, oil refinery,
slinker units, Agou oil-mill, Lama-Kara textile complex). Despite uneven
results during the past few years, related particularly to the world economic
crisis and agricultural raw material supply problems, the existing indus-
trial array should play an essential role under the fourth plan in the coun-
try's economic development.

The industrial development envisaged under this plan amounts to 98.6 billion
CFA francs, with 73.4 for the PPM and 23.2 for the PCO. . Actions to be taken
will be aimed first at getting production started again,. either by strength-
ening the capacity of .export-orientated enterprises or by reorganizing those
in difficulty. The second direction will lead to on-site processing of mat-
erials derived from agriculture and mining to meet the population's needs,

The main projects are mentioned in the article on industry (in this issue).

With respect to trade, the completion of the Lome business center is planned,
as well as the modernization of the markets.

98 - 99



MOZAMBIQUE

SPANISH OFFICIAL LISTS AREAS OF COOPERATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Apr 82 p 8

[text] In Maputo, it was announced that the Spanish Govern-
ment will take part in the development of the Mozambican
metalworking industry and will also increase its cooperation
in the areas of agriculture (reforestation), health and pro-
fessional training. The announcement followed the signing
of a technical, scientific and cultural cooperation accord
by delegations of the two countries. The accord was signed
by Henny Matos, of the National Directorate of International
Cooperation, and Jose Luis Pardos, assistant director general
of cooperation in the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The accord was signed following discussions between the Spanish delegation
and Mozambican authorities. It is also a complement to the general coopera-
tion accord signed between Mozambique and Spain in 1980.

Speaking to NOTICIAS, Jose Luis Pardos stated that during the discussions the
two parties had confirmed the existence of great potential for cooperation
between the two countries.

Regarding the action Spain will be pursuing in each of the areas agreed on
yesterday, the leader of the Spanish delegation added that "in agriculture,
the Spanish Government will participate in the reforestation program, includ-
ing support to the lumber industry, to the mutual benefit of the two states."

Also in the agricultural area, Jose Pardos said that a team of technicians
helped to elaborate a reforestation study, the results of which have already
been forwarded to the Mozambican Government.

"In the health field, it is planned to send Spanish physicians to Mozambique,

as well as clinical equipment and teaching materials, in accordance with
Mozambique's needs," said the leader of the Spanish delegation.

34



"For the first time in our political history we are on the verge of a political
breakthrough, depending if the party in power is prepared to defy the radical right
and endorse the principles in our report," he said in the President's Council de-
bate on the report of the Constitution Committee.

Denial

Saying the radical Left would be consulting Moscow for advice, Mr Leon added that
both the radical Left and radical Right would be denied the opportunity to operate
if the Government accepted the committee's proposals. "The time has come for all
of us to face up to what we are endeavouring to do."

He agreed with statements by the Prime Minister that security in South Africa de-
pended on the loyalty of all the country's people and that people who did not have
basic civil and political rights should not be expected to defend the country.

"At this stage of our life in South Africa, as South Africans, we should now em-
bark on the programme as set out in the report.

"This means reform and if we do not reform the Constitution and the minds of people
who are still narrow in their outlook, then we as a community, with the Whites of
South Africa, will be driven into the sea by people who are waiting to do this."

Dream

Throughout the course of his public life he had subscribed to the dream that all
people who are citizens of South Africa should have full political participation.

"Now, on the eve of my retirement, my dream is about to be realised."

Critics of the Council's proposals, especially in the media, should "get off their
rear ends and do something constructive in building the new South Africa."

Despite the fact that the Council's mandate did not include the Black majority and
confined deliberations to the four minority groups, the position of Black people had
not been excluded from the Council's deliberations, Mr Leon said, adding that there
was a vast amount of goodwill in South Africa.

Blacks May Yet Be Included

Inclusion of urban Blacks in the proposed new constitutional dispensation at some
time in the future had not been ruled out, Professor A RC de Crespigny, said yes-
terday.

Speaking in the President's Council debate on the report on Central Government re-
form by the Constitution Committee, of which he is a member, Prof De Crespigny said
the committee had opted for a form of consociational democracy and partition in
which it was accepted only the Whites. Coloureds and Indians could be included
"for the foreseeable future.

"If this consociational model operates successfully then, and I quote from the
report, ‘other possibilities might present themselves."

59



An aged woman, visibly fatigued by long years of hard work, told me that she
might not get her membership card for the consumer cooperative because she
could not work in the agricultural cooperative, forfeiting the right’ to buy
in her consumer cooperative. Her daughter who did not belong to the’ agricul-
tural cooperative had to work there to be able to buy goods. Still, the old
woman might not get a card because she could not personally work on the farm.
As if she could! She had difficulty walking the few kilometers from her house
to the agricultural cooperative.

However, I could appreciate one feature which, to a certain point, justified
this procedure. Consumer cooperatives have the most desirable goods very
sporadically and in limited quantities. They are sold when people return
from working in the fields, to give those workers the opportunity to buy too.
They are the first customers and theoretically the remainder is sold later.

I say theoretically because nothing is left for those who did not work. I
would have thought this a fair sales arrangement, enabling members of both
cooperatives to obtain the goods they need. Yet the arrangement falls apart
because even members of the production cooperative only work when the consumer
cooperatives has goods for sale. Those who belong to the consumer cooperative
but not the production cooperative cannot buy becuase they did not work in

the latter. Yet production cooperative members, even if they do not belong

to the consumer cooperative, can buy there because they work. When members of
both do not have any money to buy goods, they do not trouble themselves to
leave home. There is tremendous confusion.

This confusion has already created problems. The concept of the cooperative
has been completely corrupted. Because of this, the number of villagers
belonging to the movement is declining.

In my opinion, there is a lack of mobilization. This mistake must be cor-
rected first. Each type of cooperative has its statutes which must be
respected.

The villagers are not afraid to work. The situation must be clarified.

As a postscript, I would add that I just learned that the system used in the
communal village was also introduced in the neighboring village.

9479
cso: 4742/297

30



shareholders are con-'

cerned, is that they see.
their directors playing
it safely, via increased
dividend cover where
possible, or reduced
dividends where it is
not possible.

And in the current
state of the economy,
many companies will
find it attractive not to
risk an investment rey
turning 15 percent or so
on the problematic
longer term, but prefer
to obtain 20 percent or
more in the short-term
money markets.

cso: 4700/1245

62



Equipment

Despite the large amount of construction completed during the last three
plans, there is still much to be done.in communications, equipment} and
visitor reception infrastructure. . The fourth plan provides for this sector
an overall investment of 100.6 billion CFA francs, ineluding 74.1 for the
minimum program and 26.5 for the optional program. The main intentions are:
the improvement of accessibility, improvement of the urban environment,
regional development, and development of the territory.

With regard to communication infrastructure, we note: the construction of a
second mole in the port of Lome, the strengthening of surfaced roads, and
the building of 175 kilometers of side-roads, extension of Lome airport,
relocation and reconstruction of the central station in the capital.

Wibh regard to equipment for tourism, the development of a zoological park
in Bayeme, north of Lome, should be noted, as well as the construction of
a 60-room hotel at Dapaong.

Social Development, Administration, and Employment

Linked to Togo's ecoriomi¢ development, ‘social development is aimed at grad-
ually improving the living conditions and the quality of life of the popula-
tion. Investment for this area amounts to 33.3 billion CFA francs (23,6 for
the PPM and 9.7 for the PCO) distributed as follows:

Public health: 2.2 billion

National education: 21.5 billion

Social affairs and the status of women: 780 million
Inforymation: 4.5 billion

Youth, sport, and culture: 4.1 billion

Nutrition: 115 million

Lastly, the fourth plan devotes a considerable share to administration, with
an overall total of 17.2 billion CFA francs, including 12 for the minimun
program and 5.2 for the optional one. The object.is to move toward overall
reform of the administration, which must meet the country's real needs and
permit harmonious national development.. In concrete terms, the objective is
to continue to provide the central and. regional governments with the infra-

structure and equipment needed, and to accelerate the process of decentrali-
zation and deconcentration.

The past point in this program involves the employment policy, closely link-
ed to the policy of economic and social development in making higher produc-
tion possible. New jobs will be created in the. modem sector (32,824 be-
tween now and 1985) and in the agriculture sector. Working population numbers
will grow from 1,006,000in 1980 to 1,140,000 in 1985. In addition efforts
will be made to direct professional training according to economic needs.
Investment under the priority program amounts to 1.2 billion, and 1 billion
under the optional program, which is a total of 2.2 billion CFA frances.

100



DISPUTES OVER NAME CHANGES ERUPT

Harare THE HERALD in English 7 May 82 p 10

[Editorial: "Name Changes"]

[Text] {THE disputes over the new names of towns and cities announced

cso:

“ast month are deafening. While demands for Nyanda to. be
‘renamed Masvingo appear more vociferous, names such as
Kadoma, Dete, Hwange, Mandidzudzure, Mutorashanga, Rusape,
Gweru, ete, are also being hotly contested.

There is even confusion over whether Harare shouldn't be
called Harare City, to distinguish it from the high-density suburb.

The unfortunate result of all this is a stunning anti-climax
‘to the elation evoked among millions of Zimbabweans by the
; announcement of the new names.

It is a fact that people will effectively carry out plans which
they work out themselves. In the context of the new names, can
it be said the people now protesting played any part in research-
ing them?

. Indeed it can even be asked whether any meaningful
research was conducted by the committee assigned that task
which, on the face of it, seems to have had ample time to deliver
finished goods.

While it must be a relief to many to know that the ‘door
is still open to suggestions or spelling corrections, the fact
remains that the role of the masses in decision-making in this
country is paramount.

If the new names had first been published only as sug-
gestions and public comment on them invited, a time- and cost-
saving consensus would have been reached.

4700/1246

122

ZIMBABWE



HNP WELCOMES DTA'S REJECTION OF RESOLUTION 435

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 12 May 82 p 3

[Text]

THE HNP in
Namibia has welcomed
the DTA’s ‘rejection’ of
UN Resolution 435.

In a press statement
released in Windhoek
yesterday, the HNP leader
Mr Sarel Becker says: “It
is heartening that the
Chairman of the DTA now
also rejects Resolution
435," and adds: “the
HNP’s position on this
matter has made con-
siderable progres, because
we have now reached the
point where the two largest
groups in the National As-
sembly, namely the DTA
and Aktur, reject an elec-
tion under UN supervision
— a standpoint which the
HNP has maintained all-
these years.”

The Advertiser reported
earlier this week, however,
that Mr Mudge did not go
so far in his speech at'the
DTA’s public meeting in
Katutura at the weekend,
to reject Resolution 435
out of hand, although he
came close to it.

Mr Mudge said it was
time that somebody an-
nounced the death sentence
‘on 435, in view of the fact
that there was disillusion-

cso: 4700/1555

ment with it in many
diplomatic quarters.

Mr Becker goes on to
say that the DTA and
Aktur should realise that
their acceptance of 435
during the past three to
four years, led to much un-
certainty amongst the
White community in par-
ticular.

“Therefore the HNP ap-
peals especially to the
DTA, to end the consum-
| ing uncertainty in this
‘ country once and for all by
moving away from the
basic idea in Resolution
435, by also rejecting the
one-man-cne-vote elec-
tion.”

Mr Becker asks the
DTA and Aktur to reject
the thought of — in-
dependence for SWA.

“In these dark times, the
quest for independence for
SWA borders on reckles-
sness.”

Mr Becker concludes by
“saying: “Just as Alaska is
part of the US, so is SWA
part of SA.”

40

NAMIBIA


PFP Approach to Security 'Repulsive'

TO the official Oppo-
sition South Africa's
security legislation
was repulsive, the
Minister of Law and
order, Mr Louis le
Grange, said.

Replying to the
second reading de-
bate on the Internal
Security Bill, he said
this was the PFP’s
reaction to any legis-
lation dealing with
important matters
such as security.

It was interesting

to note that not one
member of the PFP
had had a word of
praise for the SA
Police for the tre-
mendous work they
were doing.

The PFP had once
again done what
they had done in the
past, namely to op-
pose all forms of se-
curity _ legislation.

They were so pos-”

sessed with their op-
position to laws of
this kind that it had
become embar-

rassing even to
members of their
own side.

Not one member
of the PFP had made
a direct attack on
terrorists or organi-
sations like the ANC
and the PAC. Also,
not one member had
stood up and stated
his case with convic-
tion.

The image that
was always conveyed
to the outside world
was that things were
going badly for

phasised the

South Africa be-
cause of the coun-
try’s security legis-
lation. No member
of the PFP had em-
on-
slaught on South
Africa and the
necessity for secur-
ity legislation.

An amendment by
Mrs Helen Suzman
(PFP Houghton) that
“the Bill be read this
day six months” was
defeated by 104 votes
to 22 and the Bill was
read a second time.

Apologies to Helen Suzman

A NUMBER of MPs
withdrew remarks they
made in the debate on
the Internal Security
Bill after a ruling by Mr
Speaker that the re-
marks reflected on the
character of Mrs Helen
Suzman (PFP, Hough-
ton).

Mr Speaker said the

questions, namely,
whether she had been a
member of a group
which held a mass
meeting at which com-

didature for the chan-
-cellorship of the ba
versity

Witwstersrand, wai
whether she had ever
distanced herself from
the Johannesburg Sta-
tion bomb blast.

Mr Speaker said that
after giving the matter
due consideration he
was of the opinion that
the remarks cast a re-
flection on Mrs Suz-
man.

cso: 4700/1251

Mr Barnard then
rose to withdraw any
implied accusation
against Mrs Suzman.

Mr D P A Schutte, a
nominate National Par-
ty MP, withdrew the
term political terrorists
which he had used in
the debate.

Mr Dave  Dalling
(PFP, Sandton) then
said that with regard to
the withdrawals made
by the two members re-
lating to Mrs Suzman in
particular and the PFP
in general, he wished to
withdraw comparisons
he made between the
Minister of Law and Or-
der, Mr Louis le Gran-
ge, and Nelson Mande-
la.

Mr ODalling then
made a point of order
saying that during the
debate Mr Derrick Wat-
terson (NRP, Umbilo),
had commented: “This
is absolute ruddy non-
sense,” eliciting the re-
sponse from Mr Vause
Raw (NRP, Durban
Point): “Ruddy is a
shade of red. You ought
to know all about it.”

Mr Dalling said he
had approached Mr
Raw about the matter
and Mr Raw had agreed
to withdraw the re-
mark. However, he had
not done so.

Mr Raw told the
Speaker he could not
find the remark in his
Hansard and had there-
fore not been able to
withdraw it. No innuen-
do was intended but if it
had appeared as an in-
nuendo he would with-
draw it.

82



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

AGRICULTURE OFFICIAL TO CUBA--Vice Minister of Agriculture Julio de Morais
left for the Republic of Cuba yesterday morning at the invitation of the
Cuban minister of agriculture. During his visit the Angolan official will
acquaint himself with the agricultural activities in that country.

[text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Apr 82 p 2] 11634

cso: 472/296



SENEGAL

Purpose of President's Forthcoming Visit to Two Regions
(Mame Ongue Ndiaye; L'UNITE AFRICAINE, Feb 82) ......... oe

SEYCHELLES

Sinon's Reflections on Road to Socialism Reported
(NATION, 1 May 82) .cecsecsececceceecreceneenteeeeeeneeens

Youth Delegation Returns From China With New Ideas
(NATION, 6 May 82) ......... Pee eee e cece ence esse eeeeeeees

SOUTH AFRICA

MP's Criticisms of Internal Security Bill Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 18 May 82) ........0000%

Hoare Seeks Testimony of Subpoened Minister, NIS Officer
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 18 May 82) ..

Rowan Cronje To Work for Tswana Government
(THE CITIZEN, 18 May 82) ........

PC's Recommendations Seen as Alternative to Violence
(THE CITIZEN, 18 May 82) ...secssscccscceeneceenceeeeceees

Uncertainty Grows as Economy Shrinks
(Don Wilkinson; THE CITIZEN, 17 May 82) ..........000- sees

Gibson Denies His Party Is in Crisis
(THE CITIZEN, 18 May 82) .......... bene e eee eee eeeeeeeeees

NP Sources Clarify Botha's Statement
(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 17 May 82) ....csseeeccececeecs

PW's Watershed Speech at Springbok Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 17 May 82) ..ccecccccscsscscccceceecencncees

PFP Opposes Exclusion of Blacks
(Jaap Theron; THE CITIZEN, 17 May 82) ..........4. be eeeees

Reaction to Catholic Bishops' Statements Reported
(THE CITIZEN, various dates) ....ccsseeeeceeseeeeees seeees

SACDL Objections
ISS Director's Warning

Law Association Criticizes Rabie Report
(THE CITIZEN, 20 May 82) ..cccccececceccececceceeseceecees

47

49

51

53

55

57

58

61

63

65

66

68

69

72


GDR CULTURAL COOPERATION-~Two specialists in museums and libraries of the
German Democratic Republic are in Maputo to talk with Mozambican authorities
about museum and library development in Mozambique. These specialists will
visit Nampula and Gaza provinces and will direct the training of cadres in the
preservation and inventory of wood sculptures and museum objects. Another
specialist will conduct technical consultation at the National Library. [text]
[Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 8 Apr 82 p 2] 11634

GDR MATERIAL DONATION--Johannes Vogel, ambassador of the GDR in our country,
yesterday presented an important gift to the Production Councils on the
occasion of May Day, the International Day of the Workers. The donation of
five motorbikes, sound equipment, magnetic tape recorders, typewriters and
sports equipment was accepted by Augusto Macamo, executive secretary of the
National Commission for Implementation of the Production Councils. On that
occasion, Macamo expressed thanks on behalf of the Mozambican workers and
declared that this important gift will solve some of the problems with which
his organization has been struggling. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese
30 Apr 82 p10] 6362

cso: 4742/301

37



PFP OPPOSES EXCLUSION OF BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

{Article by Jaap Theron]

[Text]

cso:

CAPE TOWN. — The
leader of the official,
Opposition, Dr Van
Zyl Slabbert, yester-
day rejected any
possibility of the PFP
considering represen-
tation in the present
President’s Council,
“as long as Blacks are
excluded from it.”

Dr Van Zyl Slabbert
was :eammamenting’ on
speculation ‘that the
PFP has__ possibly
changed its stance
and was now keeping
a door open to the
President's Council
following its propo-
.Sals for consitutional
reform.

He said “There is noth-
ing new in our posit-
jon regarding the
possibility of serving
in the President's
Council. *

Unchanged

“From the outset, ¥
made it quite clear
that, if the Govern-
ment was prepared to
allow Blacks on the
President's Council on
the same basis as any
body else,-we would
reconsider our posit-
jon. _

“That is still our posit-
ion. ~

“The fact that we did
not serve on the Coun-
cil does not mean that

4700/1245

in English 17 May 82 p 1

we cannot take its rec-
ommendations se-
riously. On the same
basis as anybody else.
And if the govern-
ment accepts the re-
port, we will recon-
sider our position,” Dr
Slabbert emphasised.

He added that the first
reports of the Presi-
dent’s Council had not

changed the PFP's
standpoint, and his
comments on the

Council's reports was
“not a mew stance
with regard to serving
on the Council.”

He stressed that “the
‘PFP would not be pre-
pared to serve in a
» mew and elected Presi-
dent's. Council if
Blacks were still ex-
cluded.”

Principle

“We still believe that
the exclusion of

_Blacks from the Coun-

cil, _ constitutionally
and from a principle
point of view was un-"
justified.

“But we have also al-
ways kept our options
open, because there is
always the possibility
that the position may
change, or that new
proposals could
emerge which could
warrant the serious
reconsideration of the
PFP,” he said.

68

Clear

Dr Van Zyl Slabbert

made it clear that
Black, Brown and In-
dian leaders, who be-
lieved in change,
should also seriously
consider the Presi-
dent’s Councils’ pro-
posals.

He said that before the

PFP could take any
standpoint on the pro-
sals,. much more
larity would have to
be given on issues
such as the powers of
the executive State
President, as well as
the position of Blacks
in a future system.

Departures

@ The Citizen under-

stands from well-in-
formed . President’s
Council sources, that
one more of the
Brown members of
‘the council might re-
sign at the end of this
week because Blacks
were not included in
the initial constitu-
tional proposals of
the council.

Mr Pat Poovalingham

resigned last year be-
cause Blacks could
not be co-opted to the
Council, while Dr
Ghoesain Mohamed
and Mr M J Rajab

SOUTH AFRICA

have expressed views

which indicate their
departure from the
Council because
_ Blacks were not in-
cluded in a new dis-
pensation.

Former MP Mr Fanie
Herman has also op-
posed most recom-
mendations of the
Council, but for ultra-
conservative reasons,
and his departure will
cause no surprise.



million or 6,8 percent
more than the revised
estimates;

@ R245 862 million
will be spent on roads
and bridges — in fact,
an increase of R9 223
million, or 3,61 percent
on the revised esti-
mates for 1981/82;

@ R13 794 ~— million
will be spent on local
government; and

@ Nature _conserva-
tion will get R6 923 mil-
lion, or R169 000, or 2,5
percent more than in
the revised budget.

cso: 4700/1554

77



“we
~
oma)
—
fon
ae

JPRS 80971

3 June 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2633

"21 2060866)

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE



MUNDIA ASSURES UGANDA OF NATION'S CONTINUED SUPPORT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 May 82 p 1

(Text ]

cso:

PRIME ister Mundia has’
assured Uganda of Zambia’s
continued diplomatic and
moral support.

Zambia was closely follow-
ing events in Uganda and Pre-
sident Milton Obote had this:
country’s sympathy and sup.
port.

He was speaking in his office
when he met outgoing Uga-
ndan high commissioner to,
Zambia Mr Georpe Kinuka.

Mr Kinuka leaves for Ka-
mpala next week after serving
in Zambia for two-and-a-half
years as his country’s first
high commissioner after the
downfall of dictator Idi Amin.

The Prime Minister noted
that before and after Zambia’s
struggle for Independence,
Uganda was a member of the
Mulungushi club and the spirit
of the club was still on, he said.

Mr Mundia told. the envoy

that President Kaunda had a-

soft spot in his: heart for
Uganda. .

* -Consoled

He commended Uganda for
participating in the Preferen-
tial Trade Area (PTA) con-
ference held in Lusaka last
year. It was a ‘great honour”
that Dr Obscte attended the
meeting. :

Mr Kinuka told the Prime
Minister that he had enjoyed
his stay in Zambia, :

4700/1242

At a luncheon hosted for
him by Minister of Foreign
Affairs Professor  Lameck
Goma, Mr Kinuka said
Uganda’s task was enormous.

Ugandans were consoled
and comforted by the fact that
the sheep now have shep-
herds:

‘‘What we thought were she-
pherds were in fact wolves.”

Prof Goma said Amin’s
reign of terror had ruined
Uganda politically, economi-
cally, socially and culturally.

ZAMBIA


COMMERCIAL BANKS' ASSETS INCREASE

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 3

[Text] THE assets of Zim-

cso:

babwe's commercial banks
grew by nearly $860 mil-
lion in 1981 according to
the latest report of the
registrar of banks and
financia} institutions.

This was an increase of
33 percent compared with
28 percent in the previous
year. Total deposits with
commercial banks and
accepting houses stood at
$1276 million, up by $180
million over the previous
year.

Demand and savings de-
posits with the banks con-
tinued to grow but at a
slower rate than in 1980,
and demand deposits of
accepting houses fell by
more than $8 million.

LOANS

Loans and advances by
commercial banks and
accepting houses —in-
creased by 62,6 percent.

The assets of the dis-
count houses showed a
slower growth than in
1989 but the assets of
financial institutions (i.e.
Fincor, Scotfin, UDC)
showed an upward trend
for the second successive
year.

International «© banks
have applied to set up
branches in Zimbabwe,
but the Government's
view has been that the al-
Teady established banking
services are adequate for
the time being. .

Instead, international
banks have been: allowed

4700/1246

‘to set up representative
offices which may only
arrange loans from ex-
ternal sources. -

The following banks
have established offices in
Zimbabwe, Banque Inter-
national Pour L’Afrique,
Citibank, First National
Bank of Boston, and Bank
of Yugoslavia.

Turning to building
societies, their assets rose
by $9,5° million, an in-
crease of 1,6° percent
which was  considerabl
slower than thé growth
over the previous three
years.

Total deposits with
building societies were
$300 million at the end of
1981, a decrease of more
than $30 million compared
with 1980. -

Mortgage advances in-
creased by 3,5 percent and
loans to Government for
low-cost housing increased
by $2,6 million to $60,9
million.

Over a five year period
(1977-1981) funds used by
the societies to develop
Private ‘property dropped
y 72 percent to 61 per-
cent, but investment in
the ’ public sector rose
trom i7 percent to 28 per-
cent.

Interest paid on savings
deposits at call, more than
doubled during 1981 as did
rates for fixed deposits
over 12 months. However,
during the same period
mortgage rates rose
sharply for both residen-
tial and commercial
properties.

127

ZIMBABWE



New 'Tamper-Proof' Passport
(L'ESSOR, 17 Mar 82)

Reasons for Railway's Losses, Prospects Examined
(L.D.G. Traore; L'ESSOR, 29 Mar 82) ..

MOZAMBIQUE

Salient Points of Agreement With India Listed
(NOTICIAS, 2 May 82) ....... Decne e eee e eee netereeeeeeeees

Reacquisition of Citizenship, Private Trade Organizations Allowed
(NOTICIAS, 30 Apr 82) oc ccseeeeeeeeccceeeseeeeeceeeeeeees

Literary Fair Marks Anniversary of Lenin's Birth
(NOTICIAS, 5 May 82) .........e005 beeen eeeeeeeneeees sees

Maputo Population Trained Against Aggression
(NOTICIAS, 26 Apr 82) .....cceceecesececevcececes se eeeeees

Concept of Consumer, Production Cooperatives Misunderstood
(A, Dimas; DOMINGO, 25 Apr 82) ....eceeceeee de eeeeeee seeee

Fishing Fleet Loses Half of Its Boats
(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 Apr 82) ..... seve eeceene ween eeeee

True Meaning of 'Development' Analyzed
(Editorial; NOTICIAS, 30 Apr 82) .........65 se eeeeeenes see

Spanish Official Lists Areas of Cooperation
(NOTICIAS, 27 Apr 82)

Briefs
OPEC Loan Ratified
Netherlands Environmental Cooperation
Rain Damage to Nacala Port
GDR Agricultural Cooperation
GDR Material Donation

NAMIBIA

Court Accords SWAPO Combatants POW Status
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 14 May 82) ..... se ceeeeee se eeeee

HNP Welcomes DTA's Rejection of Resolution 435
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 12 May 82) ....seseeseuee seeeeee

Eric Lang Vents Views on Status of Economy
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, various dates) ......cseceeceues

SA Domination
Diamond Board Challenge
Blanket on Information
National Debt Level
Call for Policy Change

-b-

17

19

pal

24

25

27

29

31

32

34

36
36
36

37

38

40

41



ZIPM DEPLORES’ RECRUITMENT OF EXPATRIATES FOR PERSONNEL WORK

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 9 May 82 p 7

{Text] THE Zambia Institute

cso:

of Personnel
Management (ZIPM)
has deplored the

recruitment of ex-
patriates for person-;
ne! work saying the
move defeated the
Zambianisation pro+
cess. :

Speaking at the ninth
ZIPM’s annual general
meeting in Kitwe yester-
day where Prime
Minister Mundia of-
ficiated the ~institute’s
chairman Mr _ Fanuel
Sumbwe said -ex-
patriates were too costly
to maintain.

“But it is sad to see that
after’so many Years since’
personnel. and ‘ training
functions were Zambianised.
we still have to bring back
expatriate consultants to do.
personnel work which can be.

done by local personnel
staff." :

Mr Sumbwe said when:
available local _ resources

were shunned in preference
to expatriate jobs such as
supervisory training and job
evaluation were doneTM at
exorbitant costs payable in
the “badly needed foreign
exchange".

He called for a continued
spirit of reconciliation bet-
ween the Party and its Gov-
ernment on one hand and the

4700/1242

labour
other.

Mr Sumbwe said it was:
only in a climate of peaceful
industrial relations that any

meaningful social and econo-
mic development could be
iachieved. .

Referring to a spate of
strikes that occurred during
the end of 1980 and the first
half of 1981. he said the
rest worsened the country's
economic. situation' which
was affected by world-wide
economic difficulties.

There were 156 strikes in
1981, involving 76.776 work-
ers, representing an increase
of 30 per cent over the 1980
figure of 121 strikes.

In terms of lost man-days.
there were 556,408 in 1981.
as against the 1980 figures of
76.886 only.

Mr Sumbwe said the stop-
pages ‘which had such
serious repercussions, were
fundamentally caused by
political and industrial issues.
He did not elaborate.

“This was indeed a sad
period for all of us because
apart from helping to perpe-
tuate the economic crisis,
those strikes were also frus-
trating to many personnel
practitioners and were a
great burden on them."" Mr
‘Sumbwe added.

Recounting on how the
world economic recession
had affected Zambia, he said
that hat ted to some business
enterprises either closing

105

movement on the”

down or being forced’ to
duce their labour force. c

Mr Sumbwe quoted. a
statement from the MinistryY
of Labour and Social Servi:
ces, which indicated that last
year alone, 4,151 workers
were declared redundant in.
142 companies beause of
financial constraints.

“These are some of the’

actions that unfortunately
make managements and-per-
sonnel officials in particular
appear unpatriotic and less
humanistic in the- eyes of
some fellow citizens. ..
_ “But the fact of the matter”
is that no reasonable emplo-+
yer declares. redundancies.
for the sake of it. The choice’
is a hard one, it is either to.
maintain limited operations
and. thereby offer few
employment:opportunities or
simply close, down." he said.

ZAMBIA



MOZAMBIQUE

LITERARY FATR MARKS ANNIVERSARY OF LENIN'S BIRTH
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 May 82 p 3

[text] "Honoring the 112th anniversary of the birth of Lenin, in Pemba and
Lichinga on 28 and 30 April and on 5 and 8 May, respectively, we are going to
mount the first exhibition and sale of over 600 works by classic Marxist-
Leninist writers, sociopolitical works and texts for intermediate and higher
learning," announced Aleksandr Umanskiy, an official of the USSR trade mission
in Mozambique.

The divlomat said the exhibitions were organized in collaboration with the
Mozambican INLD (National Book and Record Institute) and the Soviet foreign
trade association Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga. which is devoted to the sale of books,
records, postal cards and stamps. INLD director Joao Correia will preside
over the inauguration of the expositions in the two provinces.

We learned from Umanskiy that the works to be exhibited and sold deal mainly
with world political problems, the communist development of the world labor
movement. development and cooperation among socialist countries. Documents
from the 26th CPSU Congress, which adopted the 5-year plan for the development
of the Soviet economy, and works and speeches bv Leonid Brezhnev will also be
exhibited. Technical books in various fields, such as "Maintenance and
Repair of Vehicles" and "Electrical Mechanics," textbooks in mathematics ,
physics, chemistry, economics and medicine for intermediate and higher educa-
tion institutions, novels by Soviet authors, classics in Russian literature,
contemporary works and children's books will be shown and sold in Pemba and
Lichinga,

"Cooperation between the RPM and the USSR has been successful and is develop-
ing rapidly, guided by the desire of both partners to deepen and broaden
cooperation in various fields," said Umanskiy, adding that several exhibitions
are planned for Mozambican cities this year, in connection with Soviet commem-
orative dates.

25



NP-CP 'WAR' STARTS IN TRANSVAAL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May 82 p 8

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text] THE

cso:

long-awaited
“dog eat dog” war
between Nationalist
and Conservative
Party MPCs in the
Transvaal Provincial
Council broke . out
yesterday with. the
CP men siding with
the Progressive
Federal Party
against the govern-
ing party.

It @ll started: when
the leader of the PFP in
the House, Mr Douglas
Gibson, introduced his
party’s no confidence
motion. Then an
amendment proposing
full confidence in the
Government was moved
by Mr Hein Kruger,
Nationalist executive
committee member.

Immediately _after-
ward the leader of the

five-member CP group
in the House, Mr J J van
Eeden (Brakpan) pro-
posed his amendment,
calling on the House to
reject the power-sher-
ing plans of the Govern-
ment.. -

Mr Van Eeden was
almost drowned out
time and again under a
barrage of heckling
from his former col-
leagues in the National-
ist benches.

Quietest

He said it was signifi-
cant that during Mr

4700/1251

Gibson's speech the
Nationalist Party
benches had been the
“quietest” he had ever
heard them during ano
confidence motion.

He claimed — under a
storm of heckling —
that the CP was gaining

support hand over fist
and said the electorate
no longer trusted the
Government.

The Prime Minister,
Mr P W Botha, in com-
ing out for power-shar-
ing, had lit a dangerous
fuse. “You will get the
fright of your lives
when it starts to take
form,” he said.

Determined

Traditionally NP con-
gresses had determined
policy but now it was
one man who was lay-

ng down policy.

If it went through
with its constitutional
plans the Government
would be guilty of reck-
lessly gambling with
the future of the White
man, he said.

“And I am convinced
that if and when you go
to. the polls the electo-
tate will reject you just
as it did General Smuts
in 1948.

“Make no error
about this,” Mr Van
Eeden warned.

84

His benchmate, Mr
Fanie Ferreira (Water-
berg), said later in the
debate that the CP
totally rejected any
form of power-sharing
at _legislation-making
level and particularly
where there was a dan-
ger of non-Whites hav-
ing a say in determining
the destiny of the White
man.

“Anything that
smacks of power-shar-
ing will be fought tooth
and nail by the Conser-
vative Party,” Mr
Ferreira said.

Mr Kruger, propos-
ing his amendment for
the governing party,
said that the history of
the PFP and its prede-
cessor opposition par-
ties had been one of 34
years of obstructionism
to Nationalist rule.

Time and again the
party had opposed
major steps proposed
by the Government,
only to find itself after
their successful imple-
mentation running
along behind the Gov-
ernment “tail between
the legs”.

The Opposition had,
for instance, slated the
plan for independent
Black states in a de-
rogatory way — yet to-
day these same Black
states were democratic
realities.

SOUTH AFRICA

“All they have ever
done is to try to break
down and to demolish
everything that has, is
and will be done to
secure a peaceful and
prosperous future for
South Africa,” he said.



armoured car backed
off and drove away.
This was followed by
@ second armoured car
also belonging to the
local garrison. He said
that this armoured car
was bogged down in a
ditch and was put out of
action by the mercena-
ies.

Persuade

He said it took a long
time to persuade the
crew of the armoured
car to surrender. They
were too frightened to
come out of the vehicle
but were eventually de-
tained and taken to the
main airport building.

He said at about this
time, while he was help-
ing to push the arm-
oured car out of the
ditch, an aircraft lan-
ded at the airport.

Later, he went across
to the main terminal
building and helped re-
fuel the aircraft. He
also helped a local Sey-
chelles man who was on
@ tractor tTM turn the
aircraft away from the
barracks to the south
of the airport. He said
he saw one of the crew
of the Air India Boeing
who hed helped him re-
fuel the plane but at
this stage he had not
seen the captain of the
aircraft.

Helped

He also helped to
load the baggage into
the hold of the aircraft.
He said at this stage he
decided to break his
AK47 rifle. He did this
by bending the barrel
into a joint in a nearby
vehicle.

He then boarded the

plane. The first time
that he was aware of
the destination of the
Plane (Durban) was
when an announcement
was made over the in-
tercom by whom he pre-
sumed was the captain
of the aircraft.

Under cros-examina-
tion by Col Hoare, Eu-
relle was asked if he
would: deacribe himself
as destitute, in need of
money or “fairly well to
do”. Eurelle said: “I am
not destitute.” Col
Hoare: “Then let’s say
you are fairly well to
do”. Eurelle: “Yes”.

Col Hoare: “So then,
you certainly did not
undertake the mission
for financial gain?” Eu-
relle: not.”

Col Hoare: “Are you
not surprised that you
were ssrested and fi-
nally appeared in this
court for what you con-
sidered to be a lawful
act, the return of the
Iegal government of
President Mancham in
the Seychelles?” Eu-
relle: “Bes. T was very

surprised.”

Col Hoare: “Does it
not strike you as
strange that you are
now in the situation
when similar attempts
at the Bay of Pigs
(Cuba) and the Nicara-
guan uprising were ap~
plauded by the Ameri-
can people?”

Eurelle: “Yes.”

Advice

Earlier in yesterday's
proceedings, Col Hoare
told the court that he
had taken legal advice
from a Durban atyo-
cate, Mr David Gordon,
on the possibility of
calling four witnesses
for his defence. The wit-
nesses are Brigadier
Hamman and Brigadier
Knoetze, both of the
South African Defence
Force, and Mr Guy D'O-
fauy, a former Seychel-
lois Cabinet Minister.

Col Hoare asked Mr
Justice James for more
time to consult with
legal advisers whether
the four men should be
subpoenaed to give evi-
dence in the Pieter-
maritzburg Supreme
Court.

Mr Justice James
said that he is prepared
to allow extra time but
his decision would have
to be reached by tomor-
row morning when the
trial resumes.

Earlier yesterday Ro-
bert Jones-Davies, an-
other of the accused
and a former member
of the Zimbabwe army,
gave evidence about de-
stroying an armoured
ear belonging to the
local garrison om the is-
land on the evening of
November 25. He de-
scribed how the arm-
oured car approached a
road-block which he
was manning om the
main read to Mahe Air-
port.

Group

He said he was with a
group of men and they
fired on the armoured
car. One of the men who
emerged from the tur-
ret of the vehicle was
killed in the fire. Later,
the other three occu-
pants of the armoured
car surrendered when it
became bogged down in.

a ditch.

Jones-Davies, who was
born in Nigeria, but
carries a British pass-
port, told the court he
was also under the im-
pression that the mis-
sion to the Seychelles
had the backing of the
South African Govern-
ment and the CIA in
America. He also re-
garded the mission asa
lawful one.

He said even though
it meant killing some of
the present Govern-
ment members of the

garded their mission as
being legal because
Pres Mancham would
have been reinstated
and a Communist gov-
ernment overthrown.

Backed

He said he gained the
impression that the

79

South African Govern-
ment and the CIA
backed the coup at a fi-
nal meeting in Johan-
nesburg presided over
by Col Hoare before the
mercenaries left for the
island.

Cross-examined by
Mr Hendrick Klem, the
deputy Atterney-Gener-
al of Natal, Jones-Da-
vies said that he was
shown pictures of Pres
Rene and various Cabi-
net Ministers at one of
their briefings in Jo-
hannesburg.

He was under the im-
pression that Mr Rene
would be out of the
country when the coup
took place in the Sey-
chelles. At no time was
he aware that there
was a possibility that
Mr Rene would be cap-

tured and if he resisted,
shot.

Not aware

He said he was not
aware of any bad feel-
ing on the plane on the
return flight to Durban
between the crew of the
Air India Boeing and
the mercenaries. He
was only aware of the
final destination of the
aircraft when it was an-
nounced on the inter-
com that the plane
would be landing in
Durban.

He said he did not re-
ceive an order to take
his AK47 rifle aboard
the plane but saw the
other mercenaries
doing it. He took his
weapon aboard and put
it under his seat.

Another accused, the
youngest of the group,

23-year-old Andrew
Thomas Standish-
White, at present a

Cape Town University
student and also a for-
mer soldier in the Rho-
desian army, said in evi-
dence that he also
believed that the at-
tempted coup was legal
bacause it had the back-
ing of the South Afri-
can Government and
the CIA of America. He



fraudulent sale of products such as cocoa. Listening to the Voice of Ghana

the other day, I heard that Ghana will become prosperous again. Exactly what
policy does the new government plan to follow to revive that agricultural

(and especially food) production, to control the market and to end the fraudulent
practices in the sale of goods?

REVEREND DAMUAH: As you pointed out so well, our agricultural output has de-
clined and we are going to revive agricultural production.

Ghana is certainly an agriculturally oriented country, as are all African
countries, and Ghana, like all African countries, imports foodstuffs.

If I were to foster a coup d'etat, I would do so against all African governments
which import foodstuffs even though their countries are potentially rich in
agriculture, in order to force them to rely first on agriculture to establish
their economies.

If you don't produce enough agriculturally, you will be hit by famine and you
will die of hunger.

We are first going to make sure that we will produce enough rice to eat before
producing cocoa for export.

Of course, we want to develop all agricultural sectors. We will also emphasize
livestock and poultry breeding. We have therefore divided the Ministry of Agri-
culture into two departments for better management concerning priorities.
Importing food means obeying the rules of capitalism; it is a sin, a crime.

MARTIN KABORE: One final question, if you will. It is very personal. When
the people learned that there was a priest on the Ghanaian Provisional Defense
Council, they were a little surprised. We know that there are committed priests
in Latin America. For example, therewas Father Camillo Torres, who was killed
in the guerrilla underground; but this is rare in Africa. Do you consider your-
self a committed priest? Do you think that the church can and should play a
role in government policy?

REVEREND DAMUAH: Man is a political animal by nature. We are all men of
politics. Africans are political and religious at the same time. We must
reconcile the two. If I only prayed, for example, that would serve nothing.
If I said: "God our father, holy virgin Mary, Holy Spirit ..." to you, who
were hungry, without giving you anything to eat, that is not enough. If your
wife is sick and hospitalized, besides prayers I must do all I can to help you
to pay for drugs and other things to help her.

That is being committed. That is Christianity. That is African humanism.
In the bible, it says: "Render to Caesar what belongs to Caesar and to God
what belongs to God."

Thus I am aware of both: What my country expects of me and what my religion
expects of me. I practice real Christianity and I participate in national
construction.



SEYCHELLES

SINON'S REFLECTIONS ON ROAD TO SOCIALISM REPORTED

Victoria NATION in English 1 May 82 pp 1, 2

[Text] THOUGH difficult, the road

to socialism taken by the Sey-
chellois on June 5, 1977 has,
for the first five years of Re
volution, been paved with
Tmuch success. However, the
workers have periodically to
review the hard ground tra-
d over and reflect on the
diferey aspects. achieve-
ments and problems: of Sey-
chelles’ transition to socia-
lism. -

This is the theme of a
May Day message to the
workers of Seychelles from
the Secretary General of the
Seychelles People’s Progres-
sive Front, Mr. Guy Sinon.

In his message, to be
broadcast over Radio Sey-
chelles today, Mr. Sinon re-
viewed some of the extensive
achievements of socialist con-
struction and democracy by
the people. led by the work-
ers.

He first looked back on
education, where all children
now go to school in their dis-
trict so that, in keeping with
SPPF policy, they all get the

same opportunities at school,
regardless of their back-
grounds and means.

Recalling the times when
he was Education Minister,
Mr, Sinon remembered pa-
rents crying when their child-
ren had to leave school be-
cause they were supposedly
not “bright enough” to be
admitted to the then elite Sey-
chelles College or the Regi-
na Mundi Convent.

“The real reason for this”
Mr. Sinon said, “was that
those children whose parents
could not afford to pay for
Tne Desi education—concer
trated at the College or Con-
vent had to attend inferior
parish schools giving them
much less chance of passing
entrance examinations drawn
up for the higher standards of
the elite schools. Zoning has
now abolished this old  sys-
tem of preference and instal-
led one of equality in educa-
tion”.

Added to that, the Secre-
tary-General said, all Sey-
chellois chidren had been gi-
ven the opportunity to conti-
nue their education, after P9,

49



WHEAT PROSPECTS FOR 1982-83 HARVEST HOLD PROMISE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May

[Text]

cso:

PROSPECTS for South
Africa’s 1982/83 wheat '
crop have improved
with main growing
areas experiencing:
good rainfall during re-
cent weeks, says Wheat
Board manager, Denis
van Aarde. ‘

He told Reuters by
telephone from Pre-
toria yesterday — the
drought, which held-
sway over most of
South Africa’s agricul-
tural land late last year
and early in 1982, had
been effectively broken
in wheat-producing re-
gions and main plant-
ings were under way.

Van Aarde said con-
ditions in the Free
State, which produces
over 60 percent of the
crop, looked very prom-
ising at this stage, al-
though further rains
were needed to ensure a
good outturn.

Free State plantings
had begun roughly on
schedule and there
were indications that
more land could be
under wheat than in
the past season, he said.

In some parts of the
Free State, where the
traditional maize crop

4700/1554

had failed very early
due to drought damage,
it appeared maize was
taken from the land
and wheat substituted,
he added.

Van Aarde said in
certain parts of the
Western Cape, which is
South Africa’s other
major wheat produc-
tion area, fairly good
rains had fallen in re-
cent weeks and plant-
ings were beginning.

He said, however,
some scattered areas
had had excessive rain
and the land there was
still too wet to start.
planting.

The Wheat Board will
make its first estimate
of the 1982/83 crop to-
wards the end of July.

South Africa’s wheat
season runs officially
from October 1 to Sep-
tember 30, but is com-
plicated by different
growing seasons in
various regions. The
Free State crop is har-
vested in January.

The final official esti-
mate of the 1981/82
wheat crop was 210-
million tons, which
would be the second
largest crop produced,
and compares with ac-
tual output of 1,47-mil-
lion in the 1980/81
drought-hit
Agriculture _Depart-
ment figures show. .. °

82 p 19

Despite _ increased
output, South Africa is
importing 106 000 tons
of US hard winter
wheat to satisfy local
demand.

Wheat imports last
season totalled 286 000
tons, and Van Aarde
has said South Africa is
likely to remain a long-
term importer.

He said, however, it
mow seemed there
would be slightly slower
growth in South Afri-
can Millers’ needs this
year than anticipated
by the Wheat Board.

He said a decision on
whether to import more
wheat would be taken
towards the end of
1982, or early next year,
when the 1982/83 crop
could be forecast more
accurately. —

91

SOUTH AFRICA



Now we don’t have to tell you who puts.
forward this facile idea for ending the
conflict in South West Africa. {

We have had political priests attacking!
our position in South West Africa before
today.

In particular, the too-too biased South
African Council of Churches.

We have also had clerics bandying about
allegations of atrocities by our boys on
the border, without any proof being of-|
fered.

But now the Southern African Roman
Catholic Bishops’ Conference has
weighed in with the most anti-South
African, anti-South African forces re-
port that has yet been made — a report
which has been sent to the Western con-
tact group ‘and will inevitably be widely
circulated among our enemies at the
United Nations.

Young soldiers of whom the nation is
justifiably proud are said to be regarded
by the people of Ovamboland as “blood-
suckers” and “bonepickers.” _

Oh, there are exceptions, of course. “Not:
all units may be guilty of atrocities but.
the local population is inclined to lump
all security forces together under one
common label,” -says a report released
after a visit to South West Africa by a
team of Roman Catholic clerics.

But the clerics bring the whole of the:
SADF into disrepute by publishing un-
tested allegations like these:

In their search for “guerrillas,” the secur-
ity forces stop at nothing to force infor-
mation out of people.

“They break into homes, beat. up resi-
dents, shoot people, steal and kia cattle
and often pillage stores and tearooms.

“When the tracks of Swapo guerrillas are
discovered by the security forces, the:
local people are in danger and harsh
Measures are intensified #88 = _|

“People are blindfolded, taken from their
homes and left beaten up and even dead
by the roadside.

“Women are often raped. It is not un-
known for a detachment to break into a
home and while Black soldiers keep
watch over the family, White soldiers sel-
ect the best-looking girls and take them
into the veld to rape them.”

Nice stuff, don’t you think, for anyone
who seeks justification for imposing
such dire penalties against South Africa
as economic sanctions... _ _

These bishops of the Roman Catholic
Church follow the same line as fellow
priests did in Rhodesia — the Whites are
always the “bloodsuckers” and the “bo-
nepickers,” the atrocity committers and
vile intimidators.

The Blacks — although the bishops admit
Swapo, too, has committed atrocities —
are the men fighting for a just cause.

Some clerics in Rhodesia never acknowl-
edged that the Patriotic Frontterrorists,
by use of force which resulted in the
death of hundreds of innocent men and
women, including priests and nuns, asj
well as children, were guilty of the viol-
ence, the death and destruction that
came to the fair land that was Rhodesia.

Similarly, it was Swapo which took up
arms against South West Africa, in the
hope of taking over the territory by
force.

A Defence Force spokesman, denying the
bishops’ accusations, says that they are a
“repetition of one-side propaganda regu-
larly churned out by Swapo and its Marx-
ist allies.”

He also points out that a board of inquiry
has been appointed to investigate allega-
tions of this kind, and “we therefore find
it strange that these concerned bishops
could not spare the time to testify before
the board.”

Exactly.

As for the demand that South Africa
should withdraw its forces, we say to the
bishops: This country will not abandon
its duty to protect South West Africa and
its people until, and if a fair and just
settlement is worked out.

70



MOZAMBIQUE

FISHING FLEET LOSES HALF OF ITS BOATS
Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 Apr 82 p3

[text] With the maritime accidents since 20 March caused by the tropical
depression called Justine and the sinking of two trawlers at the No. 1 Wharf,
the EMOPESCA, E, E., in Beira, lost 50 percent of its fleet with serious damage
to the state fishing industry.

The disappearance of "Lalama," "Salia" ana "Monapo," the sinking of "Muazi,"
"Doto" and “Tambiza," and the running aground of "Vumba," boats belonging to
this firm with headquarters in the capital of Sofala, reduced to half the pro-
duction, thus compromising the fulfillment of the state central plan for that
sector this year,

The trawler "Vumba," although it was saved, shows the hull very damaged and it
will take many months before it is returned to service,

As to the two boats that sank in the port of Beira when they were preparing to
go out fishing, the causes for the accident are still not known and the begin-
ning of concrete action toward their recovery is expected to begin next week,

Divers contracted by the EMOPESCA so far have not been able to find any remains
of the two boats.

Commenting on the events, the EMOPESCA director in Beira told our newspaper
yesterday that only after the boats have been refloated will it be possible to
know for certain why they sank,

A well informed source said that the director of the Unit of Fishing Industry
Board will arrive in Beira at the beginning of next week to analyze, with the
various bodies connected with this activity, the existing proposals for the
recovery of the boats.

11634
CSO: 4742/0296

31



[Text] THE Diamond Board of

SWA has been chal-
lenged to prove that it is
acting within the spirit of
the legislation which em-
powered it to administer
the country’s diamond
industry.

The challenge was made
at a public meeting this
week when Mr Eric Lang,
a local millionaire, addres-
sed a gathering of members
and supporters of the
German Interes-
sengemeinschaft, _in
Windhoek this week.

Although Consolidated
Diamond Mines was acting
perfectly within its rights
as a private company and
within the law governing
strategic resources, Mr
Lang said he found the
secrecy surrounding
Ni ia’s_ rich diamond
mining industry, unaccep-
table.

He pointed out that ap-
plications for registration
as a private company have
to be approved by the AG
or the Ministers’ Council,
and suggested that perhaps
one of those two bodies
could “explain to the
public what strategic value
diamonds have and what
the international repercus-
sions would be if the facts
were disclosed.”

Based on careful

research over an extended
period and reaching to
sources outside the borders
of Namibia, Mr Lang then
went on to‘present a pic-
ture of the structure and
practice of the industry in
Namibia.
The diamond industry is
monitored by the State —
appointed SWA Diamond
Board.

Diamond Board Challenge

Mr Lang pointed out
that this Board resides on
the 10th floor of the the De
Beers office together with
the CDM offices, in the
CDM Building, Windhoek.

The Secretary of the
Board is a CDM employee.

FUNCTIONS

He described the func-
tions of the Board as being
a distributor of receipts of a
sales amongst the
producers, the distributor
of taxes, the allocation of
sales quotas, the receiving
and the valuation, sorting,
and delivery of diamonds
produced in Namibia.

Once the diamonds have
been mined at Oranjemund
they are passed onto the
Central Sorting Associa-
tion where an official
evaluator, allegedly in the
employ of De Beers, assess
their value for tax pur-
poses:

Mr Lang reckoned that
in 1981 CDM registered
sales of 1,173 million
carats valued at R209,5
million, giving an average
of R180 per carat.

“It is at this stage that
the company is taxed — the
earliest possible stage.”

From — the — Central
Sorting Association they
are passed onto the Dia-
mond Producers Associ
tion, which seems to main-
ly sell the CDM stones to.
two gemstone — purchas-

ing companies allegedly
registered in international
tax havens such as
Monaco and the Ber-
mudas.

He named them. as the
Putra Diamond Purchas-
ing and Trading Company
and the Ditra Diamond
Trading Company, both
believed to be part of the
De Beers stable.

43

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 May 82 pp 4-5

Finally the stones arrive
at the Central Selling
Organisation, the _ inter-
national marketing arm of.
the diamond industry.

Based on the description
so far, he went on to

deduce that “we are levy-
ing our taxes at the worst
possible stage since, believe
me, the CSO does not selt
our stones to the cutting
works of the world at
R180 per carat.”

ONE STEP FURTHER

He added: “In fact I feel
it would make eminent
sense if we were allowed to
tax the profits at every
stage of the transaction, i.e.
that either the intermediary
should be registered in
SWA or that we should sell
our stones directly to the
CSO at the prices they are
paying to the in-
termediaries now. Ideally
of course we should go one
step further and cut the
stones before export.”

Mr Lang said he would
welcome a statement from
CDM'’s Resident Director
Mr Doug Hoffe, explaining
the true state of affairs if
his account contained inac-
curacies.

He then went on to
make the following point:
“On the other hand, CDM
should find itself in a true
dilemna. Since they have
hardly disclosed any infor-
mation concerning
themselves for some time,
nor are they supposed to,
now. whatever information
they could come up with in
the future will basically be
fragmentary and also
largely unverifiable.”

That would, of course,
not mean that it is neces-
sarily untrue.” he added.

Since Oranjemund
mines over 95 percent
gemstone quality diamonds
Mr Lang said it was safe to
assume that the CSO paid
more than the local valua-
tion of R180 per carat in
1981.

Assuming a production
of 1,173 carats for 1981,

‘Mr Lang then enters a

‘Hypothetical’ calculation,
doubling the price from
R180 to R360 a carat,
resulting in a gross produc-
tion value of R422 m.

Since CDM’s operating
costs are unknown, all that.
can be said is that the
resulting net profit would
still be taxed at the same
65 percent to which the
company is subject. If the
price was trebled to R540
a carat, a hypothetical
production value of R63-
3m _ compared to the of-
ficial valuation of R225m,
would be arrived at.

De facto, though Mr
Lang continues, CDM
paid R31.8m . in
taxes in a year of depressed
diamond .prices. In 1978
CDM paid 180m.

“In this context it might
be worth looking at the
average price per carat of
uncut stones at the London
auctions or ‘sights’ of the
CSO. My sources have led
me to estimate an average
price of R600 per carat for
this year.”

REFUND

Another surprising fact
disclosed by Mr Lang was
that the State, ~ and
therefore the taxpayers,
pay a company named
South West Finance Cor-
poration Ltd, also.residing
in the CDM HQ in
Windhoek and believed to
hold the mining rights for
SWA diamonds, a refund



AIR LINK-UP WITH GDR ESTABLISHED

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May 82 p 1

[Text] AN air transport agree-

|
cso:

ment between Zimbabwe
and the German Demo-
cratic Republic was signed
yesterday by the Minister
of Foreign Affairs, Dr
Witness Mangwende, and
the GDR’s visiting Foreign
Minister, Mr Oskar
Fischer.

Dr Mangwende said the
signing of the agreement
signified the commitment
of the two countries to
enter into a more mean-
ingful economic relation-

Another agreement
would be signed before the
visiting GDR minister Irit
the country, he s

Mr Fischer had a “use-
ful” meeting with Dr
Mangwenrde and extensive
discussions with the Minis-
ter of Finance, Econ»mic
Planning and Development,
Dr Bernard Chidzero, and
the Minister of Legal and
Parliamentary Affairs, Dr
Eddison Zvobgo.

Mr Fischer also had
wide-ranging discussions
with the Prime Minister,
Mr Mugabe.

“All these meetings were

directed towards the need
for the two countries to
intensify and strengthen
their economic and politi-
cal relations,” said Dr Ma-
ngwende,

@ At a dinner for the
visiting minister on
Thursday, Dr Mangwende
said Zimbabwe called for

4700/1246

disarmament, particularly
nuclear disarmament, and
for dialogue between the
superpowers to try to ar-
rest the “spiralling arms
race” reports Ziana.

Dr Mangwende said no
peace-loving country could
afford to take a disin-
‘terested view of the pre-
‘sent world situation.

“We must, therefore,
endeavour to encourage
meaningful dialogue
among those powers that
are in possession of nuc-
clear arsenals and press
for a general reduction of
destructive weapons of all

“I should hope that the
German Democratic Re-
public shares our deep
concern for genuine de-
tente and world peace,” he
said.

113

ZIMBABWE


and recognition to their host and his government for what has already been done
and what will continue to be done. Above all, these people will demonstrate
how little they are concerned with the opposition's politicking.

Moreover, the simple, direct and candid dialogue which will take place between
President Abdou Diouf and the people will provide an opportunity to observe
once again that Senegalese democracy is working wonderfully well ....

Does conducting an election campaign mean finding the most appropriate ways

and means of gradually achieving, in one development plan after another, the
goals which he has set for his people, while satisfying their desires as much
as possible? Does conducting an election campaign mean urging all Senegalese
to join together on important matters by working hand in hand in order to fully
participate in the future of a developed and prosperous Senegal? Does conduct-
ing an election campaign mean urging his fellow countrymen to make a true out-
burst of national energy so that our country can fully reach the peak of its
development?

In any case, the ambitions of President Abdou Diouf, his government and the
Socialist Party for our people are not ambiguous at all. They are specifically
to progress and have our people progress. Progress for a people undoubtedly
means solving the problems which face them. But solving problems does not mean
no longer having any. Very often, even finding a solution means ‘the emergence
of other problems which are even more complex. This is the very dialectic of
action and that is what our adversaries do not understand or do not wish to
understand. But our people have understood and that is the important thing ....

There is no doubt that this national outburst of energy, so dear to President
Abdou Diouf, will be achieved in Louga, a land filled with history and great
events, and in Diourbel, the cradle of mouridism. Bearing in mind as well that
the taste for effort and good work constitute the fundamental bases of this
national outburst of energy, we can be optimistic, knowing that these two regions,
which will soon be visited by the president of the republic, are quite fortunately
endowed with all these virtues.

In the meantime, Louga and Diourbel are tidying up, political and administrative

officials are there and militants are feverishly preparing for President’ Abdou
Diouf's impending visits, which truly represent appointments of hope and loyalty.

11915
cso: 4719/721

48



SWITCH TO ZANU (PF)--More than 1 000 ZAPU supporters in the Chinhoyi and Karoi
areas have defected to ZANU (PF) recently, a spokesman said yesterday. The spokes-
man, Councillor Edgar Kwenda, who is the administrative secretary of ZANU (PF)
Mashonaland West, and Mayor of Chinhoyi, produced 1 119 ZAPU and 6 UANC member-
ship cards to verify his statement. He said 816 ZAPU members had joined the Karoi
ZANU (PF), and 303 the Chinhoyi ZANU (PF). The UANC members had joined the Chin-
hoyi party. Mr Kwenda said most of the people had surrendered their cards after
the Prime Minister's visit to Chinhoyi last month.--ZIS. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 7 May 82 p 1]

DETENTION PROCEDURE EXPLAINED--Bulawayo. The procedure under which Noel and Alan
York of Figtree were redetained on Thursday morning was clarified yesterday by
their attorney, Mr Neville Dekker. The detention order is in terms of Section

17 (1) of the Emergency Powers (Maintenance of Law and Order) Regulations 1980,
contained in Statutory Instrument 441 of that year, Mr Dekker said. The section
states: "If it appears to the Minister (of Home Affairs) that it is expedient in
the interest of public safety or public order that any person...should be detained,
he may, by order under his hand, direct that such person...be detained." Part
Three of the same Instrument established a review tribunal consisting of three peo-
ple appointed by the President, one of whom must be a High Court judge. Every
detention order must be reviewed by the tribunal within 12 months and a detained
person may, within three months of his detention, apply to the minister for his
case to be reviewed by the tribunal. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May
82 p 3]

BLACK VOTER'S REGISTRATION--The registration of black voters will have to be com
plete by the end of next year, the Registrar-General, Mr James Chigwedere, said
yesterday. Speaking on the ZIV programme, The Nation, last night, Mr Chigwedere
said that although mobile units would be touring remote parts of the country,

it was up to the people themselves to claim their votes. He said that those who
wished to be on the voters’ roll and were 18 years of age or older, could do so at
passport offices throughout the country. There would be other arrangements to
involve ministries in the great task of creating the first Zimbabwean common

roll. Mr Chigwedere said a second delimitation commission would be set up "some-
time in the future" to investigate the structure and sizes of the various constituen-
cies. Two years of permanent residence was the required time for a person to
achieve Zimbabwean citizenship, although there was "talk that the period might be
extended to five years. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 82 p 1]

YOUTH BRIGADES--Parents should give names of their children under 30 for the forma-
tion of youth brigades, says the Deputy Minister of Youth, Sport and Recreation,
Mr George Rutanhire. Addressing a youth rally at Nyamuka centre in Nyanda dis-
trict, the deputy minister said no youths would go to youth centres unless they
were registered in youth brigades in their areas. He said the youth brigades would
be vigilant against enemies. "We know that Muzorewa sent people to South Africa.
These will be coming back to infiltrate this country and we must be ready."--ZIS.
{Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 9]

INDIAN TRADE DELEGATION--A team of young Indian businessmen, sponsored by the In-

dian Institute of Foreign Trade, is in Zimbabwe to explore marketing opportunities
for their products and to study the potential for establishing joint ventures. Mr

134



on the profit tax and the
diamond export duty. This
refund of 22,5 percent in
some years adds up to

between R17 and R19m as
was the case in 1979/80.

In effect he suggests,
this is royalty paid by the
State to CDM for mining
the country’s diamonds.

“The origin of this agree-
ment seems to date back to
1952 and I would dearly
like to have this item, ex-
plained to me in detail,” he
remarked.

He then goes on to quote
the internationally
reputable “Mining Annual
Review” of 1980: .

“However, De Beers,
which of course controls
the CSO and the bulk of
the world’s diamond
market, can choose where
it takes its profit, at the
mine or in the trading com-
panies, And while the dia-
mond market was weak in
1979, De Beers may well

earnings
cosmetic touches through
the expedient of taking an
increased proportion of
profits in -the diamond
trading companies.”

Mr Lang remarks:
“Take note, gentlemen, the
trading companies. not the
mining company. where we
tax them”.

He then concludes by
saying: “All this plus some
other facts at my disposal
which I cannot release,
have inexorably led me to
the following realisations:

“Worldwide. the  dia-
mond industry is a
mysterious monster, an
iceberg where seven-tenths
lie beneath the surface and
the tip is the CSO. This
iceberg preferably floats in

international waters,
touching land in New
York, London, Amster-

dam, and other marketing
and cutting centres and
treating producer countries

like Namibia as mere
icefloes. “
“When CDM_ was

formed in the twenties, this
company received, with the
compliments of the SA
Government, the effective
monopoly over the SWA
diamond production under
the’ terms of the
Halbschald Agreement.
Designed to last for 50
years, the agreement was
extended in 1953 to last
until the year 2020".

“As a result we see
ourselves saddled with a
company that has.
managed to shroud our
potential main source of in-
come in a ~cloak of
mystery. In fact to the out-
side observer the industry
hardly exists on paper.
After all. the only evidence
of its activities in official
documents is a yearly pay-
ment of taxes. Seen from
an international perspec-
tive. CDM is of course
only a part, even if signifi-
cant. in a vast pyramid of
companies and their sub-
sidiaries. some of them
skulking in tax havens,
hamstering their profits out
of sight of. the producer
countries.* —~

“Don't — misunderstand
me, everything is done in
a nice legal way. For that
they have their lawyers to
ensure that all the sub-
sidiary and sister com-
panies and the contracts
between them making up
this iceberg are all within
the four corners of the ex-
isting law. but the effect of
it. all_is nevertheless the
same.”

44



(H). All interrogations
and interviews, show-
ing the precise date,
time, and place of
each _ interrogation
with the names of all
interrogators.

(2. A record of all
meals and refresh-
ments supplied.

(J). All inspections by
the Judge-President,
the magistrate, or
otherwise.

(K). Any change in the
place or  circum-
‘stances of the deten-
tion.

(L). The time, place and
details of all com-
plaints or requests
made by the detainee,
or on his behalf.

(M). Any observations
about the physical
and mental health of
the detainee.

All relevant medical re-
Ports, warrants and
other documents
should be included in
the record book,
which should accom-
pany the detainee
wherever he is moved.

10: In addition to the
medical examinations
prescribed for the re-
cord book, private
doctors nominated by
the Judge-President
should be entitled to
examine detainees at
the start of their de-
tention and at inter-
vals of not more than
seven days.

ll: The record book
should be available
for inspection in the
case of death, or in-
jury, of the detainee.

12: No detainees should
be required to plead to
any charge until he
has been an ordinary
awaiting-trial _pris-
oner, for a prescribed
period, and until he
has been able to take
legal advice.

Legal advice
13. Express provision
should be made to en-
title any person under
detention to have ac-
cess to a lawyer of his

cso: 4700/1554

choice, after fully
answering any ques-
tions put to him and
in connection with
any matter unrelated
to the grounds of his
detention.

members and office-
bearers of banned or-
ganisations to appeal
to the standing com-
mission for a review
of the decision and, if
thought fit, a revo-
cation of the declara-
tion of unlawfulness.
The association said it
believed it to be a
“matter of urgency
that procedures be in-
stituted to satisfy the
public that proper. in-
vestigations are made
following any unto-
ward event.” — Sapa.

73



[Text] MANY National Party
Provincial. Councillors

were clearly “sitting on
the fence, waiting to see
which way the cat jumps
before deciding on their
political future,” Mr
Douglas Gibson, Pro-
gressive Federal Party
opposition leader in the
Council says.
Introducing his No
Confidence motion in
the Council yesterday,
Mr Gibson said that

PFP estimates had orig:
inally been that 33 NP
members would have
come out in support of
Dr Andries Treurnicht’s
Conservative Party, and
3% would “have gone
with the Prime Minis-
ter”,

However, only five
MPCs had left the NP
benches to make up “a
pathetic little band.” _

Earlier, however, pol-
itical opportunism was
at work — linked with
political cynicism —
among other NP MPCs
who were waiting to see
which way the wind
blew before making a
move.

Mr Gibson said he
confidently predicted
that within five years
power sharing would be

4700/1251

GIBSON INTRODUCES NO CONFIDENCE IN PC MOTION

extended in South Afri-
ca to include Blacks out-
side the homelands.

“This is the logical na-
tural further extension
of the policy of power
sharing,” he said.

However, the whole
concept would _ still
cause trouble, problems
and difficulties — and
only the people who sin-
cerely believe it is the
answer to South Africa
will make it work”.

The NP must face the
fact that a new era had
dawned in South Afri-
can politics, no matter
how unpalatable it
might be.

“They will simply
have to come to terms
with reality,” said Mr
Gibson.

It wou! be a very sad
day fo: South Africa if
the Conservative Party
ever became the official
opposition. The CP was
made up of “the people
who would sell the
White man down the riv-
er.”

CP policies were dan-
gerously reactionary,
but the CP members
nevertheless still had
the right to express their
views. |

83

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May 82 p 8

As the Government
planned to extend rights
to the Coloureds, it
would have to do so in
time to. the Blacks or be
guilty of selective moral-
ity.

Ot the President's
Council reports, Mr Gib-
son said it was a pity
that their presentation
had been followed by
histrionices when they
should have been con-
sidered calmly.

But the reports were
incomplete and did not
contain safeguards —
“and South Africans are
unhappily aware of the
abuses of power that
have taken place in the
past.

“Who's to say this
wouldn't happen again.”

The proposals con-
tained too many un-
answered questions and
only when the final
package was available,
would the PFP answer
definitively and finally.”

But at all times the
party would oppose any
plan which increases po-
larity or put the country
en the read to
‘dictatorship.

SOUTH AFRICA


[Text]

COURT ACCORDS SWAPO COMBATANTS POW STATUS

SWAPO combatants are fighting a
recognised war of national liberation in
Namibia against South African Forces

in the Territory.

This was the gist of the
counsel for the defence in
the terror trial at the
Windhoek Supreme Court
yesterday.

The case has generated
wide-spread public interest,
because it is believed that if
prisoner of wat status is
accorded to the.three men
on trial, a precedent will be
created which will in-
fluence the course of future
cases of a similar nature.

Strong feelings were also
expressed during Court ad-
journments by members of
the public — that the time
has come for South Africa
to confer prisoner of war
status on captured Swapo
combatants.

Grievances were also
aired outside the Court,
when people broke up into
smaller groups, that the
same status should also be
accorded to Cassinga cap-
tives and others held near
Marierital presently.

A number of people ab-
ducted by. .Squth «African
Forces during a raid on a
Cassinga camp, which
Swapo had described as a
refugee — settlement in
southern Angola in 1978,
are kept in captivity at

Mariental, 200km south of
Windhoek.

Giving evidence in
mitigation, Professor
Christopher John Robert
Dugard of the Centre for
Applied Legal Studies at
the University of
Witwatersrand said in
terms of international law,
captured armed Swapo
fighters could claim POW
Status.

The three men on trial,
Jason Sagarias, 20,
Theofilus Jason, 20, and
Butius Malambo;-Jaysvere
captured after active
engagement against SA

idiers. °

They were part of 22 in-
surgents who had in-
filtrated White farms in the
Tsumeb, Grootfontéin and
Otavi districts during April
fast year.

The three combatants
were found guilty of having
taken part in terrorist ac-
tivities by Mr Justice Ken-
neth Bethune when they
were tried for the first time

* during February this year

in the same Court.

The case of Adv Bryan
O'Linn, SC, Adv Anton
Lubowski, Adv Pio Teek
and an attorney of Lorentz

38

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 May 82 pp 1-2

& Bone, Mr Hartmuth
Ruppel, is based on the
fact that the three con-
victed men were engaged in
an armed struggle for
political reasons. They
should not be treated as or-
dinary criminals. Policies
followed by SA authorities
in Namiba were directly
fesponsible for the war on
the border, the defence
counsel maintained.

However, the State
Prosecutor, Adv Joe
Hiemstra. at one point dur-
ing the trial said past
events could not have in-
fluenced the state of mind
of the three men unless a
basis was laid.

Various experts were
called by the defence to
elucidate historic. and
political developments to
the present struggle of the
people for independence.

In terms of SA criminal
law. captured Swapo in-
surgents were treated as
criminals, but outside
South Africa they might be
regarded as members of an
armed force.

“This situation does not
make sense and it will not
be in South Africa's in-
terest to continue this at-
titudeTM.

Prof ~ Dugard said
sentences imposed by law
courts on Swapo = in-
surgents would not have
the deterrent effect of or-

NAMIBIA

THE Administrator-
General of SWA, Mr
Danie Hough, has returned
from talks in Geneva with
representatives of the
Western Contact Group
negotiating independence
for the Territory.

dinary criminal sentences.

The war in Namibia has
reached a certain momen-
tum and Swapo had won a
measure of international
recognition.

Prof Dugard said the
Geneva Conventions on
the conduct of war had
been extended on various
occasions to include armed
conflict.

A protocol sup-
plementing the Geneva
Conventions specified that
members of national libera-
tion movements who were
fighting against
colonialism, alien occupa-
tion or a racist regime in
their right to self-
determination, qualified for
prisoner of war status,

Requirements for
prisoner of war status were
that the conflict had to be
of an international nature,
and that members of the
military wings of liberation
movements had to function
under a command struc-
ture, carry arms openly
and wear uniforms or
military insignia that dis-
tinguished fighters from the
civilian population.



EXILE GRADUATES FINDING EMPLOYMENT

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 1

[Text] .HUNDREDS of students

cso:

who studied at ZANU
(PF) schools during the
liberation struggle have
found ‘employment in the
public and private sectors,
the Minister of Education
and Culture, Dr Dzingai
Mutumbuka, said yester-
day.

Dr Mutumbuka was re-
plying to questions from
the Herald on ZANU (PF)
certificates of education
issued when he headed the
party’s department of ed-
ucation and culture.

He said the party ran
eight schools, seven of
them from Grade I to
Form IV and the eighth to
Lower Sixth,

“In addition, post-secon-
dary courses were run
for secretaries, admini-
strators and teachers.

‘The number of students
studying for O level rose
from 50 in 1977 to over
600 in 1979, and of those,
only 296 were issued with
certificates,

‘Some 400 people took
secretarial and admini-
stration courses and
teacher training at Mat-
enje and Maputo schools
of administration and at
Matenje Teacher Training
College,

Two administration
ourses were offered: Co-
operative and school ad-
ministration,

‘The teacher training

4700/1246

was divided into two sec-
tions, Dr Mutumbuka
said, a five-month ele-
mentary phase called
Teacher Education Part
1, which was followed by
an advanced, year-long
course called | Teacher
Education Part 2.

‘The Ministry of Educa-
tion and Culture has
accepted TE1 with five O
Jevels as equivalent to the
Primary Teachers’ Lower
(PTL) qualification for
pay purposes.

The TE2 level has been
accepted as equivalent to
the Cambridge — School
Certificate with two years’
of teacher training.

There were about 80000
pupils enrolled in the

eight schools — Tembwe.
Majakass, Mavhudzi, Doe-
rol, Toronga, Nampula.
Chindunduma and Ma-
tenje — in 1977.
The subjects
according to the av:
ability of qualified teach-
ers at the various schools,
but included a broad
spectrum of the normal
academic subjects.

Practical subjects in-
cluded agriculture and
home economics, _ while

carpentry was taught on
a limited scale due to a
shortage of tools and
materials.

Dr Mutumbuka = said
that recognition of certi-
ficates had been uneven,
although the private sec-

125

tor appeared to have been
satisfied with the level of
education achieved.

Students who had
studied in Mozambique
had secured posts in
banks, commerce and
industry.

He added that of the
180 people who did Lower
Sixth only 30 had com-
pleted the level because
the rest had returned
home to Zimbabwe mid-
way.

Some of those who did
Form IV and Lower Sixth
had opted to repeat these
levels in this country to
acquire the —_ normally
accepted O-level -certifi-
cates of Cambridge, AEB
aad Londem

ZIMBABWE


ZCTIU PUTS OFF APPOINTMENT OF NEW LEADER

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 9

[Text]

cso:

Herald Reporter

THE. acting  secretary-
general of the Zimbabwe
Congress of Trade Unions
is now expected to be ap-
pointed on May 26,

This was decided at last
Saturday's executive meet-
ing of the organisation in
Harare which had ori-
ginally been convened to
appoint an acting secre-
tary-general.

No statement was issued
after the meeting which
lasted several hours. But
an official said the execu-
tive members examined
the tasue at length and
decided that the problem
be resolved on May 26.

He dismissed rumours
in labour circles that there
was a serious power
struggle in the organisa-
-tion, which is charged
with the task of uniting
all splinter unfons in the
country.

The internecine squab-
bling which had bedevil-
led the trade unions in

4700/1246

Zimbabwe “was beng end
ed by the ZCTU”.

“It 1s only a few who
have not seen the light
and are continuing to

it the workers. But

ey are no more a major
problem because we have
the backing of the work-
ers in Zimbabwe,” said
the ZCTU executive mem-
ber, who did not want
his'name to be published.

He said it was still the
contention of the majo1
ity of the ZCTU éxecu-
tive members that the
secretary-general should
be elected by all unions
at a special congress to
be convened after the
unity of all unions.

The post. was left
vacant last December af-
ter the then secretary-
general, Mr Albert Mu-
gabe, was found dead in
the swimming pool at his
home. He was a founder
member of the ZCTU.

Police have completed
Investigations into the
death and an inquest in
to be held soon.

109

ZIMBABWE



Silveira House Chief Answers Charges

THE Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rural De-
velopment, Mr Moven Mahachi, ‘had accepted an
invitation to attend a field day in the Murewa district
‘organised by the Catholic Association, the director of
Silveira House, Father John Dove, said last night.

He was responding to allegations by Senator
Agrippa Makunde and farmers in the area, that the
Catholic Association was attempting to thwart efforts
to bring all farmers into a united movement.

‘Two field days had been organised on Friday, one
by the Catholic Association, and the other by the Group
Development Authority,

The field day organised by the Catholic Association
was organised well in advance, suid Father Dove, and
was not held in opposition to the other field day.

“The field day was organised in early March,
Minister Mahachi had ‘been invited to attend, He ac-
cepted the invitation, and we were quite surprised when
he did not attend.

“We are bewildered by Senator Makunde’s allega-
tions because we have full Government approbation. We
have no idea what his grievance is, and would like to
meet him and resolve the matter.” .

He said that when the Prime Minister, Mr Mugabe,
visited Silveira House, he had praised their agricultural
scheme. After independence, Father Dove sald, Mr Ma-
hachi was the “first to encourage us”,

cso: 4700/1246

118



STATE MAPS OUT RURAL GROWTH PLAN

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 1

[Text] sevEN HUNDRED

cso:

growth points have
been identified
throughout the coun-
try to form the basis
of the Government's
plan to build a social-
ist society through the
development of rural
areas.

Under the plan, Jocal
authorities would spear-
head the development of

rural areas as well as
‘take power and industry
to the people, the Deputy
Minister of Local Govern-
ment and Town Planning,
Mr George Chinengundu,
said yesterday.

He said that each ser-
vice centre would support
up to 10000 people and
im Matabeleland alone, 80
such centres were meeded
to support the province’s
population of 810 000.

‘Addressing district coun-

cillors ar | participants at
a week’s course on physi-
cal planning at the
Esikhoveni Training Cen-
tre, Esigodini, Mr Chine-
ngundu said the Govern-
ment was comitted to giv-
ing the rural people a fair
deal.

Local authorities were
a vital channel through
which the Government
wanted to  decentralise
power and activity so local
people could make their

4700/1246

own decisions.

He said the Government
plan for a socialist state
was based on the develop-
ment of rural areas
through decentralisation
of industry and the estab-
lishment of growth points.

“The present | Govern-
ment views rural areas as
the cornerstone for the
success of its socialist
policles and hence con-
siders the development of
these areas as’a priority.”

The deputy minister
noted that districts had
different potentialities.
Some had minerals and
some good soils, It was
important for councils to
recognise their strengths
and opportunities and to
capitalise on them.

Mr Chinengundu told
the course participants
that they had an impor-
tant role to play in set-
ting up _ well-organised
centres for development.

“fa your work you will
be meeting people who
lack experience or who
do not quite know how
the new local government
system works.

“You will be dealing
with businessmen and
other developers who may
be influential in their own
areas and whose aim is
to make profits at the
expense of proper and
orderly development.

“All this calls for coun-
cillors ‘ho are dedicated
to the policies of Govern-
ment and who are cap-
able of carrying out their
duties with a single-mind-
edness of purpose, able to
concentrate on the pro-
gressive continuation of
Government programmes
in rural areas.”

123

ZIMBABWE



JPRS 80971

3 June 1982
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
No. 2633
CoNTENTS
ANGOLA
Support to Private Business Urged
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Apr 82) ...cecceceececcececceeceus 1
Cattle Owners Protest Low Purchasing Prices
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Apr 82) ..... se eeeee sees 2
Briefs
Agriculture Official to Cuba 3
CAPE VERDE
Briefs
Shipyard Completion Schedule 4
GHANA
Reverend Damuah: Revolution Is Based on African Pragmatism
(Damuah Interview; L'OBSERVATEUR, 25 Jan 82) .......sse0e 5
LESOTHO
Briefs
New Airport 9
MADAGASCAR
Briefs
Beef Production 10
MALI

President Sums Up Trip
(L'ESSOR, 17-18 Apr 82) ....... eee e ee eeeeeeees thee eeeee ll

Warehouses in Senegal Said To Hamper Commerce
(L.D.G. Traore; L'ESSOR, 23 Mar 82) ...scsccececececececs 15

-a- (III - NE & A - 120]



ZAMBIA

ZAMBIA, MALAWI HOLD TOP LEVEL TALKS TO RESOLVE BORDER PROBLEMS

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 9 May 82 p 1

[excerpt] ZAMBIA

“and

Malawi are holding’
top-level discus-

sions

aimed at

resolving ‘border
problems between
the two neighbour-.

ing countries.

The border dispute is
understood to be high o:

the agenda.

‘Relations between the two

Mr ‘Gadama in his brief
remarks during his call on Mr
Mulemba said: ‘‘Zambia and
Malawi are presently having a
difficult time because. during
the colonial era people moved
freely; and maybe they still
feel they should continue mov-
ing without passports.”

He said after the recent
signing of a joint permanent
commission by President
Kaunda. and the Malawi
leader Dr Kamuzu Banda,
he found it appropriate that he
and Mr Chomba should meet
and discuss bilateral issues.

ment made in Parliament in
August by Minister of State
in the Prime Minister's Office
Mr Fitzpatrick. Chuula. “

The boundary is disputed by:
the two governments as it is
not demarcated on ground.

countriés have often been
strained because of border con-’
flicts and the subject was
broached yesterday when the
Malawian delegation called on
Party Secretary-General
Mulemba at Freedom House.
Leader of the Malawian
delegation Mr Aaron Gadama:
who is the Minister for the
Central Region, said the two
nations were facing a problem
of their nationals straying into-
each other’s territories without
proper documents. ‘
Home’ Affairs Minister Mr
Frederick Chomba is leading
the Zambian side in the talks.
Another indication that the’
border issue is given top’
priority is the inclusion on the

It was vital that the political
parties of the two countries
should ensure that their hard
won - independence was
guarded against any forces
which might be working to
disrupt peace and unity
being enjoyed between Zam-
bia and Malawi.

He hailed Dr Kaunda's
visit to Malawi in February,
saying it demonstrated a spirit
of brotherhood and that the
reception given him was a
“natural one’’. :

Earlier, Mr Mulemba called
for closer cooperation at grass-
root level between the people
of Zambia afd Malawi
because they had many things

Malawian, team of surveyors imcomimon,
and the district commissioner He said the visit of the
for Mchinji which is on the Malawian delegation was

important because it helped
cement the already existing”
good relations between Li-

border with Chipata in the
Eastern Province, where most
cross-border incidents have

been common. Jongwe and Lusaka. As emer-
gent nations the two countries
must encourage exchange of
visits by leaders.at all levels.
cso: 4700/1242 The two. countries have

already declared a border
dispute according to a state-

102



{From "Market on Monday"

[Text] ITS “NOT, so many

months ago that the fi-
nancial columns were
chock-a-block with
items concerning the
expansion plans of in-
dustry and commerce,

public and _ private,
while company. chair-
men were talking
equally —_expansively

about how they in-
tended to spend on

ures totted up to bil-
lions of rands for out-
lay over, say, the next
10 years or so, and were
referred to with some
euphoria and little re-
gard to where the funds
would be found.
Underneath all
however, the short-
term prospects were
just beginning to show
themselves as a lot
i r than the eu-
Phoriacs had thought,
and now, those finan-
cial columns are being
dotted more and more
with items concerning
retrenchment and post-
ponement, if not out-
right cancellations.
The change of atmos-
phere has, of course,
been picked up by the
JSE: in the last three
months or so, when
these retrenchment
items began to appear
more often, industrial
equities as a whole have
fallen, «judged by the
Actuaries index, by
about 18 percent.

UNCERTAINTY GROWS AS ECONOMY SHRINKS

column by Don Wilkinson:

Even more marked,
however, has been the
decline in engineering
stocks, which have lost
over a fifth of their va-
Tue in the same period.

The reason for this is.
not too hard to fathbm -
the engineering indus-
try, in all its ramifica-
tions, is a basic barome-
ter an + economy’s
health or malingering.

And while some com-
panies with — well-
stuffed order books: .+r
afford to be fairly com-
placent, there are many
in the JSE lists whose
chairmen are having to
admit that in the short-
term, available _busi-
ness is shrinking rapid-

ly.

Part of the shrink-
age, as in the automati-
ve and white goods in-
dustries, represents
declining consumer de-
mand as disposable in-.
comes shrink under the
influence of inflation.

Another
Presents drooping de-
mand from the public
sector - it has particu-
larly affected a wide
‘swathe of civil engin:
eering and will con-
tinue to do so as long as
road works and infra-
structural development
are held back as part of
official policy.

And finally, mining, a
staple customer of the
engineering industry,
has figured prominent-

- ly as a source of cut-

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 82 p 25

backs, and looks likely:
to become increasingly
-so in the absence of sti-
mulus to demand for all
kinds of metals and
minerals from the
somewhat floundering
advanced economies of
the world.

The longer term pic-
ture, however, remains
bright enough. The la-
test statistics from the
SA Capital Projects
Register, compiled by a
subsidiary of Systems
Publishers of Johan-
nesburg, shows that in
the four months to
April, capital expendi-
ture_plans over the
years to the end of the
decade rose by about
R6-billion nettovirtual-
ly R60-billion

This is something of
a slowdown, of course,
which can hardly sur-
prise, but perhaps more
important, as experi-
ence is now showing,
there is a vast differ-
ence between a plan
and actually committed
expenditure.

Many companies are
showing, in their bal-
ance sheets, very con-
siderable capex com-
mitments; equally,
however, large parts of
these commitments are
shown only as “not yet:
contracted for” or
words to that effect.

According to the
Register, the big spend-

61

SOUTH AFRICA

"When Prophecies Go Awry...""]

ers are the gold and
uranium miners, the
chemical industry and
the metal producers,
though Escom is still
top of. the list with
plans to spend more
than R14,S-billion dur-
ing the decade.

Much of the growth
relates to energy, a
possible future source
‘of large exports after
the turn of the decade.
But even Escom has
been known to retrench
on its programmes, de-
spite its booming long-
term projections, and
recent past events have
naturally cast some
shadows over the plans
of the ining and
chemical industries’ -
again regardless of pro-
jections.

It is, of course, im-

Possible to particula-
rise among listed engin-
ering companies just
what the effects of this
encertainty will be.
* They too, have their
expansion plans which
often, however, depend
on the orders which
they can expect to come
from their growth
orientated customers.

Their forward-plan-
ning for increasing pro-
ductive capacity in its
turn therefore becomes
a matter of uncertainty
too.

And the normal reac-
tion to that, where



SENEGAL

PURPOSE OF PRESIDENT'S FORTHCOMING VISIT TO TWO REGIONS
Dakar L'UNITE AFRICAINE in French No 100,Feb 82 pp 1, 3
[Article by Mame Ongue Ndiaye: "Appointments of Hope and Loyalty"]

[Excerpts] After his triumphant visit to Sine-Saloum last year, President Abdou
Diouf is now preparing for an official visit in March to the regions of Louga
and Diourbel.

As is to be expected, these visits will certainly be appointments of hope and
loyalty, the hope and loyalty of people toward a man who, by listening to his
people, intends to stamp his actions with the seal of efficiency and progress.

This could not be otherwise, in view of the fact that President Abdou Diouf

has already provided the desired proof and intends to remain the devoted servant
of his people. The Senegalese people, who are also responsible for government
action, have also really felt the beneficial effects of the action of the chief
of state and the socialist government ....

This means that at the time of these upcoming official visits by the president
of the republic to the regions of Louga and Diourbel, the people will undoubtedly
give him a particularly warm and enthousiastic welcome.

There is also no doubt that the opposition, true to its habits, will again
indulge in a political-intellectual striptease and will not hesitate, with
morbid imagination, to compare these movements of President Abdou Diouf within
the country to an outright election campaign. But it is really a question of
getting down to work quickly, especially since there is a time for everything,
and when the time comes, we will find out who is who and who is capable of
what .... .

What will Abdou Diouf do in Louga and Diourbel? The president of the republic
will talk with the people, make a list of their needs, determine what has been
done thus far and the results obtained, and see what remains to be done, so
that, on the basis of all this, he can develop strategies which will make it
possible to assure our people of peace, happiness and prosperity.

Of course, as we pointed out above, the people will express their grievances.
What could be more normal! But they will not fail to express their gratitude

47



HOSTILE GROUPS HIT--The second reading of a Bill empowering the State President

to declare any association, group, movement or institution outside the Republic a
"hostile organisation" was moved by the Minister of Justice, Mr Kobie Coetsee.

"The reason for this is that organisations may be created abroad which, like the
ANC, want to organise onslaughts against the Republic," he said, introducing the
Protection of Information Bill. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May
82 p 4]

MAIZE CROP ESTIMATE REVISED--The third official estimate of South Africa's 1981/82
maize crop has been revised upwards to 8,53-million tons from the second estimate
of 8,42-million, the Agriculture Department said yesterday. The third estimate,
which is based on conditions at the end of April, is, however, sharply down from
1980/81's record outturn of 14,64-million. Grain sorghum output is forecast little
changed at 297 000 tons, compared with last month's 296 000 projection, but is
sharply below last season's 552 000-ton outturn. The Agriculture Department es-
timated sunflower-seed production at 302 000 tons, against 298 000 last month and
518 000 in 1980/81 and groundnut output at 106 000 tons, versus 115 000 and 213 000.
Soyabean production is forecast unchanged from last month's 19 000-ton estimate and
compared with last season's 26 000-ton outturn, while dry bean output is put at

62 000 tons, against 58 000 and 84 000. All South African summer cereals have
been adversely affected by a protracted drought in main growing areas this year.--
Reuter. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May 82 p 21]

cso: 4700/1251

96



MOZAMBIQUE

SALIENT POINTS OF AGREEMENT WITH INDIA LISTED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 May 82 pp 22-33

[text] As a result of the discussions between Mozambican
and Indian delegations during the official visit of
President Samora Machel, a protocol for economic coopera
tion and a cultural accord were signed, salient points of
which are as follows:

Industry

--Elaboration of technical-economic studies of Mozambique by Indian experts.
--Advisory aid.
~-Development of small industries.

--Rural reconstruction and assistance in integrated business development.
--Assignment of a multidisciplinary Indian delegation to study the establish-
ment of bicycle manufacturing units, use of scrap iron, metalworking and

cast iron, processing of oils and soaps.

Agriculture

--Promotion of technical and scientific cooperation in agriculture and live-
stock farming.

--Assignment of a high-level delegation to Mozambique to identify specific
areas of cooperation,

Health

--Mozambique is interested in recruiting medical and technical personnel in

various specialties,

Study of plants used in traditional Mozambican medicine.

--Mozambique is interested in Indian cooperation for the development of a
domestic pharmaceutical industry.

21



MALI

NEW 'TAMPER-PROOF' PASSPORT
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 17 Mar 82 p 6

[text] A new official document which offers positive security pro-
tection. One had wished for it, expected it and dreamed about it and
here it is, "durable, flexible, attractive” in its plum color (brown).
The new Mali passport stamped with the republic's golden seal com-
bines this time "the dual requirement of meeting the public's esthetic
and durability demands, while complying with security standards."

These security conditions envisage, among other measures, double num-
eration of passports, each copy of which has received when printed,
on one hand, a perforated number corresponding to its order in the
series and, on the other hand, located at the bottom of the first
page, a space reserved for entering the registration number of the
passport involved on the register of the issuing department.

It is recalled the public not only criticized the old passport for its
unattractive appearance, as well as to being too flimsy, but especially
for technical defects, which led to frequent forgeries due to a com-
plete lack of security.

The new document which meets international security standards, elimi-
nates not only replacement of pages between passports but also, as
has been confirmed in certain African and even European countries the
fraudulent sale of our passports.

Consequently our leaders' concern has been to give our passport a high
level of security protection. And Mali has been able to benefit from
a very recent technology. I+ involves a chemical substance which
covers the page, which is to bear the holder's photo, in a pattern.

In case of forgery, the green perforations of this page disappear as
if by magic. Consequently it is no longer possible to "transfer a
passport to another" by merely changing the photo on it.

Lieutenant Colonel, Amara Danfaga, director general of security

services, assured us that with the issuance of the new passport, it is
intended that the previous documents will remain in force until their

17



Financing

The financing of investments for the fourth plan will mobilize domestic and
foreign resources. Domestic financing, whether public or private, will re-
quire an overall outlay of about 89.6 billion CFA francs , of which the
state investment and equipment budget will contribute 44 billion, parastatal
companies 10 billion, local governments 12.6 billion, and the private sector,
banks or others, 23 billion. Foreign financing, public or private, of bilat-
eral or multilateral origin, will make available a total amount of about
161.3 billion.

In terms of the application of the fourth plan, analysis of economic data
justifies prediction of a 6.5 percent average GDP growth rate at stable
prices. So it would rise from 260 billion in 1980 to 356.2 billion in 1985
and the per capita GDP would rise from 96,375 CFA francs to 125,435 CFA
francs.

Thus in 5 years, Togo with its 3 million inhabitants, should reach a reason-
able level of economic development, but it will really have reached its eco-
nomic and psychological objective only if it wins the battle for self-

sufficiency in foodstuffs. That will be a great stride toward real economic
independence.

[Bditorial Note,,p 207
Previous Issues on Togo

"Togo: Decade of Peace"- (No. 502) November 1971 - out of print

"Togo: Ten Years of Political and Economic Recovery" (No. 561} October 1976
- out of print

"Togo: Decade of Economic and Social Revolution" (No 578/579) March/ .
April 1978 - out of print

"Togo: Priority for Overall Development" (No. 594) July 1979 - out of print

12149
cso: 4719/480

101


MOZAMBIQUE

CONCEPT OF CONSUMER, PRODUCTION COOPERATIVES MISUNDERSTOOD
Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 25 Apr 82 p 3
[Article by A. Dimas]

[Text] A consumer cooperative is one thing. A production cooperative is
another. Obviously, nothing could be clearer than this. Yet some do not
understand this difference and this has serious consequences, possibly causing
discontent among the people and harming the cooperative movement.

I reached this conclusion after several weeks in a communal village in Gaza.

Indeed, some people I talked with in that communal village were not satisfied
with the form it took, the respective officials and the concept of the cooper—
ative.

The village has a consumer cooperative with a certain number of members and
a production cooperative with a different number of members. Not all members
of one cooperative belong to the other.

What happens then? I learned that the officials of the production cooperative
decided that only those from the collective farm, that is, who worked in the
production cooperative could buy goods in the consumer cooperative shops.

However, the villager has to work to buy goods in the consumer cooperative
whether he belongs to the production cooperative or not.

There is more to it. The individual's physical ability is not taken into
consideration. No matter who you are, if you want to buy something in your
cooperative, you must first work in the other cooperative, whether or not you
belong.

As I said, this has created discontent. This happened because many were not
properly informed about the advantages of working together, many still do not
understand the advantages of working in a production cooperative where they
earn a maximum of 1,000 meticals a year. It means that the mobilization of
the villagers was either not done properly or effectively. Then improper
methods are used to guarantee production.

29



AGREEMENTS WITH GDR STRENGTHEN RELATIONS

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE cultural and scienti-
fic, and air transport
e@greements concluded be-
tween Zimbabwe and the
German Democratic Re-
ublic form a strong basis
for future bilate rela-
tions, the visiting GDR
Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Mr Oskar Fischer,
waid yesterday.

The cultural and scien
‘tific co-operat ‘was ¢on-
cluded early ," yesterday
morning, kess than an
hour before the visiting
GDR team left Zimbabwe,
ot ine end of its three-day

‘The air transport agree-
fment was signed on Fri-
@ay. The conclusion of the
two accords brings to

three the agreements be-
tween the two countries.
The first was the trade
accord signed in October
last year and by the end
of the year the GDR had
‘mported goods worth
$1179 480 from this coun-
try.

“t am leaving your
country with a firm ‘con-
viction that our exchange
of views has contributed
to the understanding be-
‘tween our countries and
that the talks have laid a
strong basis for future
bilateral relations,” Mr
Fischer said.

The team called on the
Prime Minister, Mr Mu-
gabe, just before the algn-
ing of the agreement and
Mr Fischer said the talka

4700/1246

provided a broad frame-
work for future co-opera-
tion between the two coun-
tries.

“Our talks showed that
we hold identical views
on international issues. I
also had the opportunity
of noticing the steps made
by your country to build
a society serving the in-
terests of the rest of the
people.”

The moves being adop-
ted by Zimbabwe in re-
structuring its society
would bring nearer the
day when all the people of
Southern Africa would be-
come free from discrimina-
tion and racial domination.

He believed his team’s
visit to this country had
resulted in strengthening
and promoting mutually
beneficial relations be-
tween Zimbabwe and the
GDR.

The Minister of Foreign
Affairs, Dr Witness Mang-
wende, said the conclusion
of the agreements between
the two countries was a
manifestation of the de-
sire to increase solidarity
and friendship between
Zimbabwe and the GDR.

He had held wide. rang-
ing consultations with the
GDR team on a number
of international issues and
had briefed the team on
the state of affairs in the
region, Mr Fischer had
also in turn briefed him on
the position of events in
thetr region.

They had agreed on the
need to exchange more
visits between the two
countries and Dr Mang-
wende said he had been
Invited to visit the GDR.

111

Dr Mangwende said:
“We are trying to build a
socialist society. and . we
can only stand to benefit
from their experience. We
have established contacts,
which are —_ extremely
necessary in international
relations. We are friends
and colleagues.”

ZIMBABWE


ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

BEEF PRICE RISE--The price of beef rises by up to 30 percent today in terms of
gazetted regulations. Announcing the increases in maximum prices, the first for
a year, a spokesman for the Ministry of Trade and Commerce said they were in line
with the Government's policy of reducing subsidies. The subsidy allocated to the
Cold Storage Commission last July was $25,73 million. The increases at the retail
level stemmed purely from the higher prices which butchers now had to pay to the
CSC. A spokesman for the CSC said yesterday that the new prices did not affect
the commission, which served as a middle man between the beef producers and the
butchers and retail outlets. The producer price of beef was increased by 22 per-
cent in March this year, he said. The retail price increases range from about

11 percent to about 30 percent, with the highest rises in the super and choice
grades. Unspecified beef, including shin, shank, neck, ribs, hump and leg, has
been increased by about 15 percent. Only calf offal has not been affected by

the increases. [Excerpt] [Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 82 p 1]

RAILWAYS SHAKE-UP--The restructuring of the National Railways of Zimbabwe announced
this week has been met with a mixed response from the Railways Association of Loco-
motive Enginemen (RALE). The general secretary, Mr Reg Penrose, said yesterday
that although he was not fully informed on the extent or nature of the restructur-
ing announced by the Minister of Transport, Mr Farai Masango, there seemed to be
both good and bad facets. He welcomed the authority granted to 18 Zimbabwean
drivers, 15 from Zambia and three from Malawi, to drive trains for NRZ, saying it
would help alleviate the enginemen shortage. "It is a small number compared to
our present needs, but some of them are already training, and with the others be-
ing trained our position as regards enginemen should be much improved by August.
"The shortage of drivers is not something that has come about because of a change
in politics. We have been warning management about this for the past five years.
"In fact the new Government has put priority on training and things have speeded
up. The shortage of locomotive power, spare parts and artisans has also improved
recently." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May 82 p 1]

MANPOWER STUDY GROUP--A Manpower Consultative Committee has been set up by the
Ministry of Manpower Planning and Development and representatives of professional
associations, it was announced yesterday. The chairman is the secretary for the
Manpower Planning and Development Ministry, Dr Ibbo Mandaza. The committee's

aim was to formulate a strategy for co-ordination between the various professional
bodies in order to evolve a sound basis for a national manpower plan, the state-
ment said. Manpower shortages in some areas of engineering, agriculture, health
and management were discussed.--Ziana. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May
82 p 1]

132



SOUTH AFRICA

MP'S CRITICISMS OF INTERNAL SECURITY BILL REPORTED
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May 82 p 4

[From the "Parliament" page]

[Text] HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY. — The Minister of Law and Order would be

given the power of life and death by the Internal Security Bill, Mr Ron
Miller (NRP, Durban North) said yesterday.

Speaking during
the second reading
debate on the Bill,
-Mr Miller said unless
the Opposition and
any Member of Par-
liament was able to
monitor the Minis-
ter’s activities and
exercise control over
the ‘powers given to

in terms of the
Bill, they could not
morally defend or
support the measure.

“Even this Parlia-
‘ment is unable to exer:
cise constraint and con-
trol over the Minister.
This Bill confirms that
the Minister alone car-
ties responsibility for
phe powers given to him

it”

Because of the secre-"

cy surrounding the
Minister’s actions, it
was impossible for any
Opposition party to
monitor and control
them... Therefore the
Bill was morally inde-
fensible and unaccept-
able. * Pet

Mr Miller asked if the
Prime Minister, who
was privy to the Minis-
ter’s actions regarding
internal security, was
prepared to accept joint
responsibility for these
actions...

eres

“Previously when EI
Minister had been given’
arbitrary powers in.
volving secret funds
and had abused those
powers every single
member of the Cabinet,
including the Prime
Minister, had refused
to accept joint responsi-
bility for the Minister’s.
actions.

“Do members of the
Cabinet accept joint
esponsibility’ for the
actions of the Minister
of Law--and Order?
Joint Cabinet responsi-
bility in this particular.
instance is the only con-
straint that can be
exercised on that Minis-
ter. and the powers
given to him by this
Bill.”

Mr Miller asked the
Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Louis le

security position was
getting better or worsé
in South ‘Africa and
whether it was his in-
tention to make the
Cabinet and the Prime
Minister privy to speci-
fic details regarding de-
tention without trial
and bannings.

53

“““Do we have to de-
tain more people? Must
there be more bannings
and arrest without re--
course to the courts? Or

does the Minister fore- >

see a return to normal
justice in the near

future?

“To what extent is he
prepared to allow what
is now secret informa-
tion to be made avail-
able to members of this
House, whether they be
Cabinet Ministers or
members of a select
committee? ” z

on

Mr Miller quoted the:
Chief Justice in ‘the’
Nuremberg trials who.
told an officer. who
claimed innocence be-.
cause he did not know:

what happened to:
people he put on trains..

“The first time you
transgress the principle
of participating in a
system without asking
what actually happens
to the individual you
are as guilty as the man

‘who perpetrated that

particular action.”



He said the future of the senators, including 10 chiefs, would be determined by
their individual contributions weighed on merit.

On lobola, the Senate was conservative and wanted to uphold the traditions of the
people. "But as for how much one should pay for his wife, I leave it to the chiefs
to say," Mr Makombe said.

The coming session from June 15, would be very busy because there would be more
business following the establishment of the Ministry of Legal and Parliamentary
Affairs. The Senate was expected to sit until late hours.

Mr Makombe said he had been disappointed by a lack of business during the last
session which had resulted in short sittings by the Senate. The newly created
ministry would co-ordinate the activities of the Assembly and the Senate and ensure
that the two houses had enough business to keep them busy.

Discordant with Local Conditions
Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 10
[Editorial: "Parliament Reform]

[Text] There must be very few former colonies today still labouring under the
burdensome weight of constitutional systems imposed by departing colonial masters.

Zimbabwe may well be the only former British-ruled territory in Africa that has so
far remained faithful to procedures of government bequeathed by almost 90 years of
colonialism.

The need to retain some of what has been inherited from both Whitehall and West-
minister has been publicly acknowledged by the leadership. But there has also been
no mincing of words about Zimbabwe's determination to do away with aspects of this
legacy which are discordant with local conditions and wishes.

The verbal assaults by the President of the Seante, Mr Makombe, and the Speaker
of the House of Assembly, Mr Mutasa, against certain unacceptable practices and
procedures in Parliament Building cannot escape favourable notice.

Neither can the practical approach they have adopted to put things right. They
have travelled far and wide in search of ideas on parliamentary reform.

The successful completion of this exercise should signal the end of dilatory pro-
cedures in implementing both the legislative and development programmes.

CSO: 4700/1247

108



Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

[Text]

AN EXPERT on African
geopolitics said yester-
day the South African
Government must not
shrug off the controver-
sial Roman Catholic
bishops’ conference re-
port on South West Afri-
ca.

Professor Mike Hou-
gh, director of the Inst
tute for Strategie Stu-
dies at Pretoria
University, told The
Citizen: “Emotional or
not, the report comes
from an influential fo-
rum and the State sim-
ply cannot afford to dis-
miss it lightly.

“It must be carefully
studied, even though
many of the allegations
it contains are pure
hearsay, and action
should be taken on some
aspects of it — if only in
realisation of the strides
forward — the.. .Swapo

machine

ISS Director's Warning

in English 18 May

Meanwhile Arch-
bishop Denis Hurley,
president of the
“bishops’ conference,
said he was disap-
pointed that publicity on
the report had focussed
more on the allegations
of atrocities and brutali-

of the allegations made
by the bishops were not
factually substantiated.

After carefully study-
ing the report at the re-
quest of The Citizen,
Prof Hough said: “Too
many of the statements
made are prefaced by
the words we were told’,
‘it was put to us,or ‘we
heard’...”  ~

Many of the allega-
tions were made on

\ hearsay evidence and

propaganda
has taken.”

Times Slams SA

LONDON. — The Lon
don Times said in an
editorial yesterday that
if only half the report by
the Southern African
Catholic Bishops’ Con-
ference about military:
brutality in South West
Africa was true, the
charges “constitute a
condemnation which ne
government can afford
to ignore”.

Describing the South:
African Government’s
justification of its con-
tinued “occupation” of
the territory as “speci-
ous”, the Times said:

“It is clear that her
real reasons for remain-
ing there derive from

cso: 4700/1245

her own strategic, eeon-
omic and political inter-
ests as perceived by her
government, or rather
by the Afrikaner electo-
rate to which it re-
sponds.”

‘Commenting on West-
ern initiatives to achieve
independence for the
territory, it said: “The
United Staves; detthe be-
ginning of the Reagan
Administration, may
have been tempted to
endorse South Africa’s
view of herself as stan-
dard-bearer of anti-com-
munism in Africa.

“By now it is clear

eyes, is that it may pro-
vide the leverage to get
the Cubans out of An-
rola.

71

82 p 11

the bishops had ad-
mitted that they had had
no detailed interviews
with alleged victims.

Also, he said, the
bishops had under
played the question of
‘Swapo atrocities in the
frontier war — as well as
“missing the point”
made by the South Afri-
can Government recent-
ly that it would,accept a
Swapo government in
South West Africa if it
came into being as a re-
sult of a free and fair
election.

“The impression is
given in the report that
South Africa will not ac-
cept a Swapo
ment in any form,” he
said. =

He said that what the
report did prove was the
importance of the propa-
ganda war in a revol-
utionary conflict.



--Mounting of exhibitions.

--Exchange of films, documentaries and radio and television programs.
--Reciprocal participation in film festivals.

--Exchange of sports teams,

6362
cso: 4742/3021

23



those people who did
should put their case to
the council’s Technical
Committee.

The chairman of the
Community Relations
Committee, Professor
Willie van Niekerk, told
the council that while
the Act was one of the
most sensitive’and emo-
tional issues in South
Africa its repeal at this
stage would present
great problems for
“those who have to
take decisions on con-
stitutional reform.”

Griqua Joke on Officials

ALTHOUGH the Group
Areas Act had wounded
deeply, it also held the
past and future key to
the economic advance-
ment of’ the Coloured
people, Mr A A S le
Fleur, the Griqua lead-
er, said yesterday.

Speaking in the de-
bate on the President's"
Council's joint commit-
tee report on the prin-
ciples and application
of the Group Areas Act,
Mr Le Fleur said that
the White man had be-

He appealed for firm
control over officials
who would administer
future applications of
the act under the joint
body recommended by
the report.

He also pleaded that
those people who were
not prepared to work in
a new spirit of accept-
ance of the very same
act, which had injured
them, be assisted te re-
alise their full poten-

ownership of fixed
property has been. ene
of the advantage. cre
ated by this act;” he
said.

Some of the charac-
teristics of housing
schemes that bothered
his people were the fact
that families of five-to-
six children sometimes

had to move into a two
bedroomed house and
that, after moving into
a scheme, a man lost his
idéntity and became a

number.

“An important mat-
ter that will need to be-
looked at once this new
combined body ‘comes
into being is official-
dom,” he said.

He personally, on 4
visit to administration
offices, had the experi-
ence of waiting for 30
minutes before an offic-
ial offered to serve him.

“I don’t know what
he was supposed to be
doing in that 30 min-
utes because that is the
Government’s secret,”

Mr Le Fleur said to-

laughter in the council.

“One does not want
to meddle (krap) be-
cause, before one
knows it, theyll accuse
you of meddling against
the law and, if there is
one thing we are scared
of, it is a magistrate,”
he said to more laugh-
ter.

Not the Words, the Way

DISCRIMINATION was not embo-
died in the Group Areas Act itself, but
rather in the mamner in which the Aet
was applied, Mrs Margaret Lessing
told the-President’s. Coungil,

“Had anyone told me I would come
to sign a report recommending that
the Group Areas Act should be re-
tdined, even with amendments and
qualifications, I would not have be-
lieved them,” she said during the de-
bate on the report on the Group Areas

t.

Mrs Lessing said she had come to
associate the Act with blatant discrim-
ination, unjust removal and the

‘dumping of peeple. The Act had orig-
inmally been intended to eliminate frie
tien between race groups and to afford
pretection to the Coloured and Indian

groups.

“J studied the Act paragraph by par-
agraph and could find ne discrimina-
tion in the Act itself, but found it in
the manner the Act was applied,” she
said.

Mrs Lessing appealed for a new atti-
tude in implementing a revised Group
Areas Act that would recapture some-
thing of the original intentions. She
also appealed for the representation of
women on restructured Group Area
boards.

Areas Report Adopted

THE plenary session of
the President’s Council
yesterday unanimously
adopted a report by two
of the council’s commit-
tees on the Group
Areas Act.

The report, by the
planning and communi.
ty .relations commit
tees, recommends,
among other things,
that the Group Areas

Act should not be re-
pealed at this stage.

The report will now
be submitted -to the
State President.

The council previous-
ly adopted reports on
reform at local and cen-
tral government level
and after ‘yesterday's
debate, was adjourned
to September 21.

'Open' Living Areas Call

PROVISION should be
made in the revised
Group Areas Act for
the declaration of open
or multiracial residen-
tial areas, Mr S Abra-
ham Mayet told the

89

President's Council.

Mr Mayet said room
would be found for
open areas in South
Africa’s cosmopolitan
cities.



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

SHIPYARD COMPLETION SCHEDULE--The Sao Vicente repair shipyard in Cape Verde
will be finished in May 1983, reported the newspaper VOZ DI POVO on Friday.
Located on the shores of Matiota, the shipyard will be built by a Portuguese-
Cape Verde construction consortium, The Portuguese firm Lisnave holds 33
percent of the capital of the firm that owns the shipyard, which represents the
largest investment on Cape Verde territory. The Bank of Cape Verde, the
African Development Bank, the European Investment Bank and the General
Deposits Fund finance the $40 million (about 1,52 billion meticals) which were
budgeted to the works of this organization in support of navigation on the
Atlantic. According to the Cape Verde newspaper, quoting the director general
of the firm that owns the shipyard, "The loans are completed and everything
leads to the belief that the work will be concluded in May 1983, as was
envisaged in the contract signed in August 1981." [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS

in Portuguese-19 Apr 82 p 8] 11634

cso: 472/296



SOUTH AFRICA

LAW ASSOCIATION CRITICIZES RABIE REPORT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 p 3

[Text] CAPE TOWN. — The

public no longer be-
lieved that detainees
were not maltreated,
and no adequate ex-
planation had yet
been. given for sui-
cides “who have pre-
ferred to die rather
than to continue in
detention and under
interrogation,” the
Association of Law
Societies has said ina
memorandum.

The memorandum
was prepared in re-
sponse to the report
of the Rabie Commis-
sion of Inquiry into
security _ legislation,
and addressed to the
Minister of Law and
Order, Mr Louis le
Grange. - .

A statement released
with the memoran-
dum, not that neither
the association nor
the General Council of
the Bar had:; been
given any indication
that any of its re-
presentations on the
Internal Security Bill
had been accepted.

Safeguards
A. similar _memoran-
dum, detailing these
representations, was
issued by the General
Council of the Bar to
the Press and to lead-
ers of the political
parties represented in

Parliament.

The association said
the Rabie Commission
had failed “effectively.
to recommend safe-
guards” against oc-
currances such as sui-
cide in detention and,
in turn, recommends:
1. That no person be
detained except by a
warrant signed by a
person of .at least
brigadier rank in the
police. If the arrest
takes place without
such a warrant, one
should be obtained
within four days.

14 days

2. Within 14 days of de-
tention, the Commis-
sioner of Police must
satisfy the Judge-
President of ‘the Su-
preme Court that the
detainee is properly
detained under the
Act. The: Judge-Presi-
dent must be inform-
ed in detail of: A. The
grounds for deten-
tion; B. The legal pro-
visions under which
the detention is being
effected; C. The ex-
pected duration of the
detention, and D.
Whether the detainee
is a witness, an accus-

ed, or simply a poten-

_ tial informant.
Access
The Judge-President

should have access to
the detainee and
should have the right
at any time to order

72

the immediate release
of the detainee on
grounds which he con-
siders sufficient. The
period of detention
should be limited to a
specified time, unless
convincing proof is
placed before the
Judge-President to
justify further deten-
tion.

The detainee should be
entitled to present
written _representa-
tions to the Judge-
president, or to a
standing commission
which would super-
vise all detentions and
be responsible for ap-
proving any beyond
the specified period.
All decisions of the
Judge-President and
the standing commis-
sion should be report-
ed to Parliament.

Family

3. Immediately a person
is detained under the
Act, reasonable ef-
forts should be made
to inform his family of
the fact, and the place
at which he is being
held.

4. Each detainee should
be informed immedi-
ately and in writing,
of the reasons for his
detention, and, again

.in writing, of any
change in these
reasons.

5. An officer of at least
the rank of colonel in
the uniformed branch
of the police must be

responsible for the

,, Safety of each detai-

~ nee, and the officer’s
name must be placed
on record.

‘6. A detailed code for
the handling of detai-
nees should be laid
down.

7. .Uniformed officers
should be present at
all interrogations.

8. A detainee should be
medically examined
and weighed at his in-
itial detention and be-

fore and after any in-
terrogation. During
any period of interro-
gation, medical exam-
inations should take
place at regular inter-
vals.

Recordbook

9. A separate record
book should be kept

by the uniformed
* branch of the police
listing:

(A). The time and place
of detention.

(B). Grounds for deten-
tion.

(C). The legislation
under which a detai-
nee is being held.

(D). Any change in the
grounds for deten-
tion, and the legis-
lation authorising it.

(E). The policeman re-
sponsible for the safe-
ty of the detainee at
any time.

(F). The authority, by
warrant or otherwise,
for the detention.

(G), Details of all medi-
cal examination.



PLAN TO 'CAPTURE OR ELIMINATE' RENE REVEALED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 pp 1, 2

[Article by Tim Clarke]

{Text ] PIETERMARITZBURG. — The
leader

of the Seychelles, President
Albert Rene’, was “to be elimi-
nated” if he resisted capture during
the attempted coup on the Indian
Ocean Island in November last year,
one of the 43 accused in the Pieter-
maritzburg trial, Patric John Ev
relle, told the court yesterday after.

“parelle, a director of
companies, was the
sixth accused to give
evidence. He said that
at a briefing in Johan-
nesburg before the
mercenary force left for
the island in November
last year, they were

sembled men that Pres

Rene’ and two other
Cabinet Ministers, Eu-
relle could not remem-
ber their names, would

Eurelle also said that
he understood that the
“South African State
security backed the at-
tempted coup.” In
answer to a question
from Mr Steve Janson,

‘a Durban advocate,

who is defending 30 of
the accused, he said he
regarded the mission as
legal because it has the
backing of the South
African authorities.

Legal
The acting Judge
President of Natal, Mr
Justice James, asked

“How could
it was a legal
expedition when you
were being paid to go to
the island?” Eurelle re-
plied: “I still considered
it a legal operation be-
cause we were going to
overtopple a Marxist
government and re-
Stace it with a pro-West
government headed by
ex-President James
Mancham.”

Eurelle told the court
that at.no time was he
under the impression
that there was any ani-
mosity or hostility be-
tween the crew of the
Air India Boeing air-
craft, allegedly hi-
jacked on the island on
November 25 last year
and the mercenaries.
“In fact, after the tense
take-off, there was a
jovial. atmosphere.”

Eurelle
how he was contacted
to join the group of
mercenaries in Johan-
nesburg. He said it was
true he had been on a
previous expedition
‘with Col Hoare.

78

Attended

He described how he
shad attended two meet-
ings and was paid
R1000 in cash before
the mission left for the
Seychelles on Novem-
ber 25, last year.

He said he was in the
third group placed
under the command of
Tulio Monetta, who was
generally regarded as
second-in-command of
the whole expedition
after Col Hoare.

In answer to a ques-
tion from Mr Janson he
said he was already
through customs on the
evening of November 25
and had stacked his
baggage containing an
AK47 rifle on top of a
bus which was to take
them to Victoria in
Mahe when firing
started in the terminal
building at the airport.
He said an order was
given, he did not know
who gave the order, for
the mercenaries to as-
semble their weapons.

He said he could not
find his baggage in the
confusion but went in-
side the terminal and
secured another AK 47
rifle. He was then as-
signed, with his group,
to guard a section to
the right of the main
airport building.

He then described
how an armoured car,
belonging to the local

ed

the aispaet. The first

SOUTH AFRICA



Yugoslav Praise 135

Dutch Finance Dairy Plant 135
Place Names Probe 135
MP Changes Name 135
Father Lewis' Warning 136
ZANU-PF Youths Rampage 136



ZIMBABWE

WESTMINISTER SYSTEM MUST GO, SAYS MAKOMBE

Has Become Irrelevant
Harare THE HERALD in English 5 May 82 p 1
[Article by Tim Chigodo]

[Text] The President of the Senate, Mr Nolan Makombe, yesterday called for
the scrapping of the Westminister parliamentary procedures inherited by the Gov-
ernment at the time of independence.

He said the system had become irrelevant and should be replaced by one suited to
present-day Zimbabwe. Mr Makombe said the committee stage of Bills should be done
away with because it was a waste of time.

"The committee stage where a Bill is read clause by clause must change. I person-
ally consider it a waste of time," he said in an interview.

Mr Makombe said there was widespread support for a one-party state and there was
need to change the system to enable more than one candidate from a party to stand
for a constituency so that the electorate could choose the best.

The Senate President who has visited a number of friendly countries to study their
partilamentary systems, stressed the need to change the present system and bring
it in line with the aspirations of Zimbabweans.

"I certainly feel there is need for change."

The Senate should not be allowed to frustrate the wishes of the popularly elected
House of Assembly because the two were not in competition. The function of the
senators was to improve the content of legislation.

Mr Makombe said although there had been no conflicts between the two houses during
the past two years, he would not like to see it happen. "The other function of
the Senate is to be a watchdog and guard against the infringement of human rights
in any law," he said.

Under the present system, the Senate could delay the passing of a Bill for 180

days but had no power to stop it. "I would not like to see a situation where sena-
tors are working against the Government," Mr Makombe said.

107



SOUTH AFRICA

GLOOMY BUDGET ESTIMATES GIVEN FOR TRANSVAAL
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 p 10

[Article by Keith Abendroth and Marilyn Cohen]

[Text] THE Administrator

of the Transvaal, Mr
Willem Cruywagen,
yesterday introduced
the gloomiest .Prov-
incial Budget in
years — a bread and
butter Budget, pro-
viding a growth rate
for the Province of
less than a third of

the present galloping
inflation rate.
Addressing a

sombre session of
the Provincial Coun-
cil, Mr ‘Cruywagen
said that Provincial
estimates had been
pruned — and pru-
ned again — to bring
them down to the
lowest possible level.
And this, he said,
gave a figure of
R1 562 107 million —
R67 499 million up on
last year, or only 4,5
percent growth, com-
pared with the infla-
tion rate for 1981 of
15,2 percent.
milliereferred to tar-
iff increases already
announced — in hos-
pital patients and
motor vehicle licence
|fees, and the contri-

butions of parents to
transport of school
going children — and
estimated that the
Province would end
the new financial
year with a loss of
R19 050 million.

Despite bonus

And this, he said, was
despite a bonus carry
over from the 1980/81
financial year of a sur-
plus of R5 498 164, in
comparison with the
originally _ estimated
deficit of R14 706 222.

Mr Cruywagen said
that this was the sec-
ond consecutive year in
which “most serious
problems are being ex-
perienced. in finding
sufficient funds” to fi-
nance the Province’s ac-
tivietis.

Last year, in his Bud-
get speech, Mr a-

gen revealed that the
Province was then
already on the verge of
bankruptcy.

However, increased
revenue collections in
the past year, particu-
larly from betting tax,
bookmakers’ tax, total-
isator tax and other de-
partment revenue, had
helped substantially to
meet the costs.

In addition, the Prov-
ince has received an ad-
justment in the Govern-
ment _— subsidy

76

described last year by
Mr Cruywagen to be
“inadequate” and
there has been an in-
crease in income from
hospital patient fees.
On the new Budget
before the council, total
expenditure in 1982/83
is estimated at
Rl 562 107 inillion;
total income, including
the Government subsi-
dy of R1 296 395

is put at Rl 580 783 mil
lion; the expected defi-
cit of R37 726 million at
March 31; in the overall
giving an_ estimated
deficit in thé year end-
ing March 31 next year
of R19 050 million.

Mr Cruywagen said
that the gravity of the
economic situation
could not be over-em-
phasised and virtually
all economists : were
agreed that the outlook
was gloomy.

In addition, the pro-
Spects of economic re-
covery were not too
bright because it would
be gradual and its ef-
fects would only be seen
towards the end of this
year and at the begin-
ning of 1983.

Indications were
that inflation would
still be about 13 percent
this year, and these fac-
tors had exerted consid-
erable pressure on the

finances of the state.

“And this affects the
finances of the Provin-
ce — with the result
that the provincial sub-
sidy granted us, has
been reduced by
R50 660 million,” said
Mr Cruywagen.

He scheduled expen-
diture for the various
departments and activi-
ties under the control
of the Province, and al-
most without exception
the figures quoted
showed increases de-
spite the massive prun-

partments, R471 790
million will be spent on
education in the new
year — and pruning
here even includes in-
creasing use of repaired
furniture

@ R166 515 million
will be spent on the
Works Department, a
decrease of Rl 160 mil-

lion, or 0,69 percent on
the revised estimates

for 1981/82;
@ R23681 million
will be spent on the

Hospitals Department
and health care admin-
istration, an increase of
R8 392 million, or a
massive 54,89 percent
up on the revised esti-
mates for 1981/82;

© Provincial hospi-
tals and_ institutions
will cost R448 104 mil-
lion to run, or R28 521



NATION SIGNS AGREEMENT WITH SIDA TO TRAIN ZAMBIANS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 8 May 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE Government has stopped recruiting ex-
patriates under agreements signed with the
Swedish International Development Agency

(SIDA) to concentrate on training Zambians.

National Commission
for Development Plann-
ing director-general Dr
Leonard Chivuno | said
this when he signed a
K25.4 million agreement
in Lusaka yesterday with
the head of SIDA office
in Zambia Mrs Brita
Ostberg.

Under the personnel sup-
port programme with SIDA
expatriates were recruited and
paid from a supplementary
furid but now the fund would
“‘specifically be used to train
Zambians”’.

‘We saw the need to train
Zambians to take over from
expatriates as urgent. The
money which we used to pay
to’ expatriates is now being
used to send Zambians to train
abroad.’”

Ten engineers were sent
abroad last. year and more
would be sent this year. Dr
Chivuno said. The emphasis
on training would be on en-
gineers. whose skills were
vital to industry.

Dr Chivuno said his depart-
ment was working hand in
Rand with the Ministry of
Finance to speed up dis-
bursement of money to speed

4700/1242

up implementation of projects.

The commission was exa-
mining possibilities of streng-
thening the cooperative school
and it was liaising with the
Ministry of Agriculture and
Water Development on the
subject.

_Mr_ Chivuno praised the
Swedish government for the
help it was giving Zambia,
particularly import support to
Zambia Railways and provid-
ing primary health care facili-
ties and educational materials.

Mrs Ostberg said Zambia’
and Sweden had ‘‘mutual’’
problems and pledged her
country's support for Zambia's
socio-economic programmes.

She said Sweden was pre-
paring another agreement to
follow the one ending on
December 31.

The agreement signed yes-
terday was part of a larger one
which started in January and
ends next year.

103

ZAMBIA


"It also provided an interim structure which will give the necessary time to de-
velop a socioeconomic structure conducive to a more intimate political structure.

"It provides an institutional opportunity for the development of a more consocia-
tional leadership style for all groups."

The proposed consociational structure to accommodate Indians, Coloureds and Whites
accepted a sufficient communality in political values to accommodate these three
groups in one intimate structure.

Even here, however, great difficulties were to be expected in developing a new
leadership style and the elimination of socio-economic elements that might militate
against consociational approaches.

+ On the basis of vari-
ous scientific studies

tem of the Blacks cannot:

can was more pragmatic
vat at this time be accommo-

“Th .
in his political outlook us the stage is be-

and surveys it was clear
that socio-economic dis-
parities weighed more
heavily on the minds
and emotions of Black
people than political
considerations.

“The systematic elimi-
nation of socio-economic
disparities is a neces-
sary condition for a sys-
tematic political evol-
utionary process in. a
more intimate politico-
constitutional —_direc-
tion.”

The Black South Afri-

and not as politicised as
was sometimes thought

and this was of import--

ance in setting time
scales and priorities to
be achieved.

“The studies showed
that the supreme politi-
cal value of the Black
was that of an autocracy
and it went without say-
ing that the Zulu had a
Zulu autocracy in mind,
the Xhosa a Xhosa auto-
eracy and so on.

“The deeply ingrained
authoritarian value sys-

dated in the consocia-

tional —_ demographic
model proposed which
assumes democratic
values.”

In the post-Wiehahn-

jRiekert and De Lange
era, and with the ex-
pected strong develop-
ment of the country in
the medium to long term
the socio-economic dis-

parities militating
against an intimate and
inclusive _ structure

would in time decrease.

Ling set for positive politi-
cal development in the
country.”

He would like to see
the present function of
the President’s Council
maintained and even ex-
tended.

Prof Marais stressed
the importance of vari-
ous scientific disciplines
in advising the country’s
policy-makers in an in-

creasingly complex
scientific technical
world.

Govt is Just Passing the Buck--Mervis

THE President’s Council reports were simply de-
laying tactics — an example of buckpassing by a
Government that had become politically impotent
on racial change and political reform, the provin-
cial council was told.

Speaking to the Progressive Federal Party mo-
tion of no confidence slamming the Government
for not extending power sharing to the Blacks, Mr
Joel Mervis (PFP Edenvale) said that the country
dare not allow itself to be misled by the histrionics
of Prime Minister Mr P W Botha, and the euphoria
evoked by the council report.

He predicted that there would be chaos when the
Proposals came before the provincial congresses of
the National Party.

“And the more opinions will differ, the happier
will the Government be because the longer will it
be able to defer a final decision,” said Mr Mervis.

The Prime Minister had set the country ablaze in
the past few days with “stirring calls of the most
extravagant kind, demanding change and reform.”

He had uttered stirring words, but “what value,
phat reliance can we place on them,” asked Mr

cso: 4700/1251

One was entitled to ask this question because Mr
Botha had said it all before — and had then done
absolutely nothing.
ca e rvidence suggested fat the President's

ant its reports were “simply part of a de-

vi Seetie because the Government ita is so
politically importent and is incapable giving the
dynamic lead which characterises its activities in
many other fields,” said Mr Mervis.

The Government he said had become politically

sed, lacking in and initiative; incap-

that was in any way

compara! and dynamic lead it

fave in other ap asi and q had 1 virtually abdicated

m ty itiative in bringing
about change and reform.

“The Government's failure to give a positive lead
passing of the buck to the Presi-
dent’s Council is only the start of the delaying tac-
tics behind which it is virtually forced-to shelter,”
said Mr Mervis. mo

87



HOARE SEEKS TESTIMONY OF

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

[Article by Tim Clarke]

[Text]

COLONEL Mike

Hoare, the leader of
the abortive coup in
the Seychelles in
November last year,
told the Pietermaritz-
burg Supreme Court
yesterday afternoon
that his life savings,
R40 000, had “gone
down the drain” in
paying for his de-
fence.

Col Hoare said: “I am
now bereft of defence
but I want to know why
the following people
whom I understood had
been subpoenaed to
give evidence at this tri-
al, namely the Minister
of Law and Order, Mr
Jimmy Mancham (ex-
president of the Sey-

- chelles), Brigadier
Hamman (South Afri-
can Defence Force offi-
cer) and a Mr Claassens
(identified earlier as a
National. Intelligence
Service officer) have
not been called to the
court. I believe they are
vital to my defence.”

Col Hoare said that
he had been given the
impression by Mr Mike
Hannon, SC, who had
been defending him and
32 of the 43 accused but
has now withdrawn
from the case, that the
men he had mentioned
had been subpoenaed.

Col Hoare put this

SUBPOENED MINISTER, NIS OFFICER

in English 18 May 82 pp 1, 2

question, . . among
others, to “Me Justice
Neville James, the act-
ing Judge President of
Natal, whois presiding
over the trial with twa
assessors.

Col Hoare also asked
why a statement given
to the police in Durban
by the two Air India
Boeing pilots, Captain
U_N Saxena and Cap-
tain N Misray, had not
come before the court.

He also asked Mr Jus-

tice James why evi-
dence given to a com-
mission in_ the

Seychelles by Capt Mis-
ray, the co-pilot of the
Air India Boeing which
was allegedly hijacked
in the Seychelles on
November 25 last year,
had not been handed in
to the court.

He wanted to know
whether he could call
another one of the ac-
cused, Sven Fosell, to
give evidence for him.

Replying to Col
Hoare’s questions Mr

Justice James said the
statement given by
Capt Saxena and Capt
Misray’ was not avail-
able to him (Col
Hoare).

On the question of
calling the Minister of
Law and Order, Brig
Hamman, Mr Claassens
and Mr Mancham, Mr
Justice James said: “It
might be dangerous for

55

you to call them. I want
to point out to you in
terms of the Criminal
Procedure Act that
once you call them as
witnesses you have not
got the right to cross-
examine them. You can
only lead their evi-
dence.

“You might find that
this could prejudice
youf case. I am not say-
ing that it will but Iam
merely pointing out to
you how the law inter-
prets the position. In
your own interests it is
‘a matter which you
must give some
thought.

“If you still want to
subpoena them then we
will have to contact the
registrar of this court.”

On the question of
whether Col Hoare
could call for Fosell, Mr
Justice James said that
Fosell could only be
called if he (Fosell)
gave his consent. Col
Hoare could not force
him to give evidence,
again in terms of the
Gu riminal Procedure

Sit Justice James
said: “In your own in-
terest E again stress
that you should think
carefully about the
matter. I am only advis-
ing you, ..s you no long-,
er have counsel.”

Mr Justice James said
at this stage that he
would -adjourn the
court until 10 am today.

SOUTH AFRICA

to give Col Hoare time
to consider the matter
of subpoenaeing wit-
nesses. “5

Col Hoare would.
bave to give a decision
on the issue when the
court resumed in the
morning.

‘Col Hoare spent most
of the day yesterday in
the box under cross-
examination from Mr
Steve Jansen, a Durban
advocate, who is now
appearing for 30 of the
accused and from Mr P
Oosthuizer: who is now

ppearing for 10 of the
accused. At the end of
the cross-examination
Col Hoare was also ask-
ed.many questions by
Mr‘Justice James.

‘The judge explained:
‘that Col Hoare was be-
ing charged on offences
under the Civil Aviation
Offences Act and that
the actual attempted or
abortive coup on the is-
-land was not ‘the point
in issue. ;

Under cross-exami-
nation from Mr Oos-
thuizen, Col Hoare said

che might have told one
“Or two of the accused’
‘that the Prime Minister
of South Africa was
aware of the attempted
coup and that the Gov-
ernment had given its
tacit support. He de-
nied, however, that he
had said at a briefing
when the mercenaries
assembled in Johannes-
burg last year before



SEYCHELLES

YOUTH DELEGATION RETURNS FROM CHINA WITH NEW IDEAS
Victoria NATION in English 6 May 82 p 2

[Text] A SEYCHELLOIS youth dete- ,
gation has returned from the To help ‘realise these ob-

Peopte’s Republic of China
with new Ideas of the role of
the youth in socialist cons-
truction and ways of mobilis-
ing and preparing them for
that role.

Mr. Olsen Vidot, the Port
Launay NYS Village Co-ordi-
nator for Production who led
the three-strong team, told
Seychelles Agence . Presse
that he had found most inte-
resting a list of five objec-
tives of the All-China Youth
Federation which had invited
the Seychellois over. ‘

These, Mrs. Pan Lihua, the
deputy-head of the ACYF ex-
plained, were that Chinese
youth must be among the peo-
ple who produce more and
take active roles in construct-
ing the society; must abide
by all laws and regulations;
are to study hard so as to
raise their abilities ; and must
pay attention to hygiene and
environmental sanitation and
must take an active part in
tree planting.

jectives, youths are involved
in community work, service
teams, certain factory work
and tree-planting to help re-
forestation. —~

Public respect

“By doing this”, Mr. Vidot
said, “one could clearly see
the youth were earning public
respect, shortening the age
gap between the old and the
young andthe educated and
less educated.”

Also included in the Sey-
chellois delegation were Miss
Soucilla Charles, a Regional
Sports Officer and Mr. Yve
Roseline of the Youth Depart-
ment.

The visit, the first of its kind
by Seychellois, was organised
to allow youth movements of
the two countries to exchange
views and experiences, China
havina been in socialist revo-
lution for 33 years.

51



in this field. As I have had to emphasize all during this trip the
political, administrative and technical leaders and the people must
again redouble their efforts to definitely end brush fires,

Deforestation has also acquired a special scope in this area because
of the ravages of goat herds, That must stop and the political and
administrative authorities will take the necessary measures. The
people must strive of necessity for village reforestation.

In the field of pisciculture, measures in progress for the efficient
development of potentialities must be strengthened.

As you confirm yourselves, on the basis of these different facts, the
problems which have been revealed by the people are actually manifold,
but all center on two main problems “water control" and "elimination
of enclaves."

The 1981-85 Five Year Plan envisages, with priorities decided on by
the people themselves in our different regions, the completion of
projects involving the construction of roads and dikes, the installa-
tion of water pumps (pumping stations) etc. Nevertheless, the people
have understood the necessity of their effective participation in the
different socio-economic and socio-sanitary projects through develop-
ment committees and regional and local councils, as an indispensable
supplement to operations carried out by the state.

I must say, that during this trip through the fifth region, I have
been particularly impressed by the "availability" of the people.

I must also state that even if, in certain places, the need for better
coordination between political and administrative leaders is acute,
the devotion of most of the leaders both on the political, adminis-
trative as well as technical level, has attracted my attention.

These two factors, the availability of the people and the devotion of
most of the leaders will have to necessarily be supported by the
spirit of initiative of the political and administrative leaders.

The projects undertaken will only succeed on this condition alone.

During the staff conferences held in the various areas visited, I
emphasized forcefully the pressing need for the leaders to overcome
petty considerations and personal problems to concentrate only on
protecting the interests of the people and the interests of the mem-
bers.

LQuestion7 Mr. President, do you think you have been able to attain
your objectives after this trip in the eight districts of the fifth
region?

13



with a right hand while
having our wallets lifted
with the left. To add insult
to injury, that same magi-
cian then generously lends
us some of our own money
When we discover that we
are broke”, he continued.

Mr Lang added that he
was prepared to go as far
as to say that Namibia's
was a “slave economy”
and and “economic buffer,
a pantry of the SA

economy from which it
could smooth out the ups
and downs on its own
economic cycle” .

On the economic front
Mr Lang criticised both
SA and the UN Council
for Namibia for allowing
foreign fishing interests to
exploit the country’s es-
timated R350 m pa fish
resources without the local
Treasury receiving any
royalties or taxes. These all
accrue to SA, he said.

Namibia was _ losing
R20m annually in fishing
taxes. to..the Walvis. Bay
enclave, from which SA-
owned fishing companies
operated in Namibian
waters, he added.

The Territory had to
carry the bulk of the costs
in administration and
scientific management of
the fishing —_ industry,
however.

Turning to the mining in-
dustry, Mr Lang said the
SA Government depart-
ment involved had
prohibited the publication
of this year’s Mineral
Resources Handbook of
SWA, for which an
amount of R80 000 was
budgeted and, he added,
believed to have been
already paid.

The taxation of outside
mining houses operating in
Namibia was done in
Pretoria, the local Receiver
of Renevue merely being
given a copy of the assess-
ment for his records. Mr
Lang disclosed.

Quoting. yearly figures,
Mr Lang concluded that
the Territory had collected
a total of R2im in taxes
over the past six years on
mineral sales of R920m,
excluding diamonds, which
amounted to a mere 2,3
percent.

DIAMOND INDUSTRY

Legislation governing
the diamond industry and
CDM in particular was
heavily criticised by Mr
Lang for its perpetuation
of monopolistic and under-
taxing policies.

Whereas CDM sold its
production to overseas in-
termediaries based in tax
havens in Monaco and the
Bermudas at an average of
R180 a carat last year, the
Central Selling Organisa-
tion (CSO) was in turm sel-
ling CDM diamonds to

cutting houses overseas at
an estimated R600 a carat
during the current year, ac-
cording to Mr Lang.

Namibia was receiving
taxes on the local selling
price which was far below
the value of diamonds on
the world market, as a
result of official taxation
policies.

The whole diamond in-
dustry, including the SWA
Diamond Board, was vir-
tually under the full control

of the De Beers organisa-
tion, Mr Lang said.

He called for the es-
tablishment of a focal
national resources council
to monitor all it
operations in Namibia.

Mr Lang also called for
the abolition of the ethnic
system of government, the
Ministers’ Council and the
replacement of the AG by
another administrator
chosen from the ranks of
local leaders.

42



But for Mr Lang this ter-
sible dilemma is not the
worst part of the problem.

“What worries me even
more is that we may have
misspent some of the bor-
rowed money on senseless
and unproductive sectors
like our — bureaucracy,
show-projects, and

political vote-catchers”, he
adds.

Mr Lang said that his
figures had been verified by
the Auditor  General’s
reports and Government
officials directly associated
with the running of finan-
cial affairs in the Territory.

Call for Policy Change

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 May 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

DURING his first
public appearance on a
quasi-political platform,
the controversial
Windhoek __ millionaire
specialising in the cattle
trade, Mr Eric Lang,
proposed immediate
changes and far-
reaching policy changes
in the constitutional and
economic spheres.

These, he said, were
necessary to prevent the
imminent collapse of the
country’s interim govern-
ment, and the bankruptcy
of the Territory as a whole.

Mr Lang said: “Our

whole government edifice
is totally illusionary, a
mere sham.”

@ According to him there
are three reasons for this:
The SA Government can
still at any time abolish the
Ministers’ Council and the
National Assembly “with a
stroke of the pen”, because
the devolution of power to
local institutions is “merely
cosmetic.”

@ Since the Territory is
heavily dependent on SA
economic aid, the National
Assembly has no real
power over its income or
budget, “one of the
primary sources of power
of any parliament worthy
of its name.”

4700/1555

@ The interim govern-
ment can “neither declare
war nor make peace nor
can it force foreign policy
decisions affecting the fate
of this country. Pretoria,
the UN, Swapo, the
Western Five and other
outside instances carry
veto rights over any such
decisions — sadly enough.”

Constitutional change
reforms suggested by Mr
Lang were:

@ Scrap the second-tier
ethnic authorities.

@ Pass some of their
functions onto a small
number of regional or
provincial administrations.
@ Abolish the Ministers’

Council and return the
government authority to an
Administrator» General
preferably appointed from
the ranks of Namibian ad-
ministrators.
@ Namibians should
declare their country a
neutral state-effective from
the date of independence.

Mr Lang elaborated by
saying that he did not
mean Namibia should
become non-aligned in the
existing sense of the term,
but neutral in the manner
of Switzerland, Austria or
Sweden. There was no
reason why Namibia could
not perhaps become the
first such neutral state in
Africa.

“If our citizens approved
such an option in a referen-

46

dum, it would be binding
on all parties including
Swapo, and part of the
election platform’ of any
party wishing to take part
in the elections leading up
to independence.”

The man on the street
has the only option of help-
ing the country in its pre-
sent dilemma by exerting
pressure on the govern-
ment through all possible
channels, Mr Lang added.

In the economic sphere

he went on to propose:
@ The appointment of a
natural resources council
with access to all informa-
tion regarding mining ac-
tivities and to monitor the
production and sales of all
the Territory’s minerals.

The council would be
responsible to see that
government economic
planners as well as’ private
individuals are adequately
informed.

“The fact that this infor-
mation would fall into the
hands of the UN Namibia
Council and other anti-SA
organisations is surely not
a serious issue. Presumably
they already have a pretty
accurate picture and are
largely ‘hot-air’ organisa-
tions anyway”, Mr Lang
quipped. .

@ The temporary services
of reputable economists,
preferably from outside the
country, should be con-
tracted and asked to

analyse the present situa-
tion and to suggest a feasi-
ble re-ordering of
Namibia’s economic
priorities. .



when it was committed

Mr Justice Miller said
these three conflicts —
he did not suggest they
were the only ones —
were manifest and real.

Moreover, in respect
of each of the three
points of conflict, the

Appeal Court Full

BLOEMFONTEIN
‘The appeal of Wilfred
Marwane, upheld by a
mijority judgment of the
Appeal Court in Bloem-
fontein yesterday, mark-
ed only the third occa-
sion in the history of the
South African Appeal
Court that a full bench
of eleven judges has sat.

Under the Supreme
Court Act, eleven
judges must sit when
the validity is question-
ed of an Act of Parlia-
ment. The first time this
happened, was in Oc-
tober 1956 when the
court had to decide on
the validity of the Sen-
ate Act of 1955 and the
South African Act
Amendment Act of 1956.

The effect of the latter
was to remove Coloured
voters from the common
roll in the Cape and to
deprive them of en-
twenched rights. It also

cso: 4700/1554

provisions of the Con-
stitution which the Te-
rorism Act directly con-
flicted appeared in
chapter 2 of the vonsti-
tution — a chapter en-
titled “declaration of
Fundamental Rights”.

Bench View

‘deprived “natives” liv-
ing in the Province of
the entrenchment of
certain rights.

The second time ele-
ven judges sat together,
was in September 1968,
when the applicability of
the Terrorism Act and
Section 5 of the General
Law Amendment Act to
South West Africa was
put to issue.

Yesterday, a majority
of seven of the eleven.
judges held that the

South African Terror-
ism Act, in the respects
in which it is in conflict
with the provisions of
the Constitution of the
Republic of
BopthuthaTswana, is
not applicable there. It
was also not applicable
there at the time of an
alleged contravention of
Section 2(1)(C) of the
Act by Marwane on Au-
gust 1, 1978.

75



ZIMBABWE

USE YOUR FREEDOM TO HELP THE LESS PRIVILEGED, SAYS MUBAKO

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 1

[Text]

THE Minister of Justice, Dr Simbi Mubako, has urged
voluntary organisations to use political freedoms pro-
vided in the Constitution to promote development pro-
jects geared to help the less privileged.

“It is for you to identify such projects, That in
my view is the most practical approach to the pro-
motion of human rights,” Dr Mubako told a YMCA
conference on human rights in Harare yesterday.

He said in a continent where the vast majority of
people laboured under a three-fold scourge of poverty,
malnutrition and illiteracy, freedom of movement,
expression, right to life and property might be of
little practica] value to most people.

“We have in this country freedom of the Press —
a very noble freedom. However, to the common man
in Mufakose or Binga this right might just as well not
exist. He is more concerned with the right to work
and earn a living and the right to educate his children,
and clean water and medical health.”

The minister said that it was the duty of the
Government and voluntary organisations like the YMCA
to identify the people's real needs and to suggest
methods of catering for those needs.

“When we do so, we are safeguarding the people’s
self-respect and promoting human rights in the best
possible way. It is only when a person has a ‘full
stomach, is healthy and can read and write that he
will have any use for the freedom of the Press.

“The classical freedoms embodied in our Constitu-
tion should be regarded as the foundation stones on
which to build society's activities in delivering other
freedoms to the people,” Dr Mubako explained.

There was no conflict between the classical or
political freedoms and economic freedoms. One did not
have to choose between personal freedom and a full
atomach because one needed both.

“But what I am saying is that,the first without
the second is of little value and it is therefore the duty
of the young people and voluntary organisations like
the YMCA to use the political freedoms provided in
our Constitution in order to promote development
projects geared to help the less privileged.”

He told delegates, who represent 19 African coun-
tries, that the Zimbabwe Constitution contained a

Declaration of Rights which was enforceable in a court
of law.

CSO: 4700/1246

But people, the minister said, did not only have
rights, they also had duties to their country and it
was for this reason that there were general and
specific exceptions to the various rights guaranteed in
the Constitution.

“A person who indulges in anti-social behaviour
by committing crimes against society such as murder,
rape and housebreaking cannot complain that his right
to freedom of movement is being infringed by the
imposition of a sentence of imprisonment or that his
property is being compulsorily acquired when a fine is
imposed.

“The right to freedom of expression is subject to
the laws of defamation, sedition, the preservation of
state secrecy and prohibition of use of insulting or
obscene language in public places,” Dr Mubako said.

A general exception to the Zimbabwe Declaration
of Rights was a section of the Constitution which pro-
vided that an Act of Parliament may derogate from
the Declaration of Rights during periods of public
emergency.

“Our Constitution specifically provides that where
a person is aggrieved by a contravention of the
Declaration of Rights, he may approach the Supreme
Court of Zimbabwe for relief,

“One of the advantages of Bills of Rights is that
they define and guarantee certain basic human rights
which a particular nation believes should be protected.
They lay down minimum standards of protection for
every person within the jurisdiction of a state and
the adoption of a bill of rights by a state is evidence
of the recognition of the need to protect these rights,”
he added.

131



MARTIN KABORE: Reverend Doctor, we thank you very much. We hope that the

Voltan press will be able to visit Ghana one day to observe the development
of the situation in that country.

REVEREND DAMUAH: I thank you as well

11915
CsO: 4719/722



COAL SALES--Sales of coal from Anglo American's Hwange Colliery last month came to
143 803 tonnes, a drop of almost 30 000 tonnes from March, according to figures
released by the company yesterday. Coke sales of 25 270 tonnes showed an increase
of more than 7 000 tonnes on last month. Breeze sales came to 22 tonnes. [Text]
[Harare THE HERALD in English 5 May 82 p 7]

MAIZE HANDLING DEPOT~-The Grain Marketing Board has drawn up plans for a bulk hand-
ling depot costing $6 million to be built at Chegutu soon as part of a massive
silo-building programme designed to plug the gap created in the last 12 years. The
board's general manager, Mr Bill Long, yesterday said that the Chegutu depot,

with a capacity of about 80 000 tonnes, was expected to be operational in two years.
"Substantial progress has already been made in drawing uppplans, and tender notices
for some of the equipment have already appeared," said Mr Long. "The GMB has had

a plan for many years for the bulk handling of maize and I am pleased to report
that the Government has already given the goahead for the programme to be imple-
mented." He hoped additional funds would be available to enable the board to work
on a continuous silo building programme from now on. Mr Long added that the con-
struction of new silos would give substantial employment to the building industry.
"From this point the exercise should be welcomed as it will be a valuable asset to
the country in future." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 1]

STATE FREES DETAINEES--Bulawayo. ‘Two men who were detained last year in connec-
tion with sabotage conspiracy allegations against Bulawayo dentist Dr Frank Ber-
trand and others, were released from custody at the weekend. They are Mr John
Griffin, an employee of the National Railways of Zimbabwe, and Mr Ronnie Maphosa,
employed by the Bulawayo City Council parks department. This was confirmed by
police yesterday. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 5 May 82 p 3]

WHITES JOIN ZANU (PF)--Nine white people in the Shurugwi area have joined ZANU (PF),
the district chairman, Mr George Maweni, announced yesterday. They include two
commercial farmers, three miners, a school teacher, two pensioners and a house-
wife. One of the first to join the party, Mr G. F. Rust, said in an interview

that he had been working for the Selukwe Chrome Mines for the past 14 years. He
said: "I never liked the Rhodesian Front policies because I felt that my African
co-workers were getting a raw deal. I like the present Government's policies and

I think everybody should join ZANU (PF) because I believe it is good for the
country." He has been farming in the area for the past 15 years, Mr Maweni said
he was pleased whites were joining ZANU (PF) as this showed they were identifying
themselves with the popular party.--ZIS. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May
82 p 4]

BLACK FARMERS HIT--The Minister of Lands, Resettlement and Rural Development, Mr
Moven Mahachi, criticised black farmers who were frustrating efforts to speed up
the resettlement exercise. "We are buying farms in Mutoko, but some Africans in
the area are refusing to sell properties in resettlement-designated areas. "We are
going to take these farms irrespective of whether they are owned by whites or blacks
and give land to people who have nothing." He was speaking at a communal farmers'
field day at Murewa. On resettlement, Mr Mahachi added: "I cannot say the speed
is satisfactory. More speed is needed in obtaining land for the 54 000 families

to be resettled each year for the next three years." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in
English 10 May 82 p 1]

133



at the National Youth Service,
which took them up to their
O-levels through the most
comprehensive curriculum
ever devised in Seychelles.

“The number of students at
the NYS brings back memo-
ties of the 1979 student de
monstrations and makes us
wonder who were really be
hind them. With the service
now popular with about
2.000 children, it is quite
clear that there were adults
encouraging the students”.

When these NYS students

finally leave, Mr. Sinon con-
tinued, they will have receiv-
ed a better all-round educa-
tion in order to_work respon-
sibly and hard as they really
should, which will resuit in
better discipline in their work.

On the subject of work it-
self, the Front Secretary .Ge-
neral said that the relations
of production are still being
reorganised. Meanwhile, all
workers, whether labourers,
hotel managers, carpenters,
teachers, masons, or others
should co-operate to increase
production.

“A worker must realise that
he has a duty to perform, a
duty to do his work properly”,
Mr. Sinon said before repeat-
ing what President Albert
René has so often said that
all Seychellois should pro-

cso: 4700/1249

duce as much as they can to
improve their standard of liv-
ing.

An encouragement here,
Mr. Sinon said, is that sala-
ries rise continually while pri-
ces have been brought down
by government control.

As far as the decision-mak-
ing powers of the workers
were concerned, Mr. Sinon
said these. had been really
taken down to the grass roots
and the rank and file of the
workers, through the national
debate on all legislation be-
ing sibmitted-fortne peoples
approval through the People’s
Assembly.

Their voice was heard
through the district branches
of the workers’ vanguard, the
Seychelles People’s Progres-
sive Front, which reviewed
all Bills of law before they
could be submitted for ap
proval.

Turning to the housing pro-
gramme, the Secretary Gene-
ral said that one revolution-
ary step forward that had real-
ly required determination
was the Tenants Rights Act.

“The President said on the
third anniversary of Libera-
tion that there would no long-
er be tandlords and tenants.
Many laughed when they
heard this, saying that there
was no country where there
were no landlords and te
nants. The Tenant Rights Act
has proved them wrong”.

50

The SPPF Secretary Gener-
al ended by encouraging the
people's confidence in their
revohution.

SAP



TOGO

Gloomy Budget Estimates Given for Transvaal

(Keith Abendroth, Marilyn Cohen; THE CITIZEN, 20 May 82)..

Plan to 'Capture or Eliminate’ Rene Revealed
(Tim Clarke; THE CITIZEN, 20 May 82) .......... eeeeee

Internal Security Bill Debate Marked by Walkouts, Attacks on PFP

(THE CITIZEN, 19 May 82) ...cescscecececcsseeecneceeuce

Gibson Introduces No Confidence in PC Motion
(THE CITIZEN, 19 May 82) .......... beeen ence eee eeeee

NP-CP 'War' Starts in Transvaal
(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 19 May 82) ...........

Zulu Jailed for Refusing to Testify

(THE CITIZEN, 19 May 82) .ocscscscccccaccecceccvecence

PC Recommendations Hit as Divisive, Delaying Tactic
(THE CITIZEN, 19 May 82) ..ccsscccccececccecncseeees

Coloured Member of PC Praises Group Areas Act
(THE CITIZEN, 20 May 82) ...cseeseseccceneeeeeenes eee

Wheat Prospects for 1982-83 Harvest Hold Promise
(THE CITIZEN, 20 May 82) ....... deve ene cence enenes

Details on Maize-Fertilizer Swap Deal Given
(THE CITIZEN, 20 May 82) ....cssceaseeceeeee sees eeeee

Briefs
Rhodesian Example
Swazi Rail Link Soon
Police Cars to Ciskei
Transkeian Detainees Face Trial
Venda Cabinet Quits Casino
‘Communism' Definition
Rive Aids Blacks
Vacancies at TED
Hostile Groups Hit
Maize Crop Estimate Revised

Details Given on Fourth Five-Year Plan, 1981-1985
(Bruno Grelon; EUROPE OUTREMER, Sep-Oct 81) .........

76

78

81

83

84

85

86

88

91

92

94
94
94
94
95
95
95
95
96
96

97


Road to Prosperity--or CP 'Collision' Course

SPRINGBOK — South Africa
wanted peace with its African neigh-
bours and he would continue nego-
tiating with them for as long as it
served South Africa best, Mr P W
Botha, said in his Springbok speech.

Mr Botha said the National Party
government chose the road of pros-
perity which flowed from co-opera-
tion.

“A choice must be made in this
country,” Mr Botha said.

“We must choose between pros-
perity and progress based on co-oper-
ation, or poverty and retrogression
which flows from conflict.

“The NP government chooses the
road of prosperity,” he

The Conservative Party would not
be able to govern South Africa.

“They will have a head-on collision
with every population group.” The
greatest unrest would result.

There was nothing that the CP
would be able to do to relieve the
pressures on South Africa.

The Afrikaner was not a chosen
people. There was only one chosen
people in the world but many
peoples had a calling.

CSO: 4700/1245

“But what we demand for our-
selves we must be prepared to grant
others.” This was the lasting carac-
teristic of the Afrikaner’s forebears.

“It is in that spirit that the govern-
ment acts on issues,” the prime min-
ister said.

There were three questions that
needed answering:

©@“Do you expect your Prime Min-
ister to seek peace with our neigh-

urs, or must he sacrifice the youth
of South Africa recklessly in the
struggle? .

@“Do you expect me to negotiate
with Black states?

@“If you agree that we have a call-
ing in this country, must we then not
find peace with our neighbours
first?”

For as long asit wasnot his duty he
ould carry out negotiations with
South Africa’s neighbours while it
remained in South Africa’s best in-
terests.

South Africa had to live with the
realities of Mozambique, Zimbabwe
and Angola, he said. They could not
be wished away. — Sapa.

67



Housing, Water Supply and Building Materials

--Development of a cooperation program for construction materials, water

supply, road maintenance, city planning and public housing.
--Development of small industries for construction materials.
--Development of small integrated rural projects.

Aluninum

--Continuation of the cooperative program in the aluminum sector, to establish
the contractual bases for the export of aluminum oxide to Mozambique and
the purchase of aluminum by India.

--Study of the possibility of acquiring Indian equipment and concession of
credit to finance the project.

--Assistance to Mozambique for civil construction and professional training.

Transportation

--Contracts for the acquisition of railway materiel and technical assistance,
the purchase of 2 coastal ships and 10 speed boats for use in the maritime
economic zone.

Telecommuni cations

--Continuing negotiations between the state companies of the two countries for
technical assistance to the Mozambican telecommunications network.

Technical Cooperation

--Consultation for the review of salaries paid to Indian technicians contracted
under intergovernmental cooperation accords.

Credit

--India indicated an interest in purchasing Mozambican cement and cashew nuts.

--Mozambique expressed an interest in having India participate in the develop-
ment of coal mining and in the rebuilding of the rail line between Beira and
Moatize.

Cultural Accord

~-Exchange education, literature, science, art and sports delegations.

--Scholarship grants by both countries.

--Exchange of publications on education, culture, sports, art and scientific
research,

22



NP SOURCES CLARIFY BOTHA'S STATEMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

{Article by Jaap Theron]

[Text] cape TOWN. —

cso:

Weekend newspaper
speculation that the
Prime Minister, Mr P
W Botha, might not
be available for the
executive State Presi-
dency post envisaged
and proposed by the
President’s Council
was yesterday dis-
counted in top Nat-
fonalist circles.

Mr Botha at a public
meeting at Springbok
said that he had “no
political ambitions
ahead” and that he had”
a long career behind
him and when he re-

‘ tired he hoped it would
not be “on a sour note”.

It prompted speculat-
ion that.ke might not
lead “the new South
Africa”.

It was pointed out to
The Citizen yesterday
that, if some thought
reports implied that Mr
Botha would not be
available should he at
the appropriate time be
asked to stand for the
executive State Presi-
dency, the deduction
was wrong.

4700/1245

in English 17 May 82 p 1

~ Mr Botha at present
is extremely healthy
and his weekend state-
ment, as well as an ear-
lier statement at the
special caucus held in
Pretoria where he said
he was not aiming at
the executive presi-
dency, should be seen as
“cautious politics”.

In any event there
was neither a position
nor, for argument’s
sake, a vacancy for the
executive State Presi-
dent yet.

However, top NP
sources believe Mr Bo-
tha would be available
for an executive Head
of State position should
it become a reality
sooner or later.

@ Rapport said yester-
day under a front page
headline “PW would
probably not lead the
new South Africa” that
Mr Botha “strongly in-
dicated (at Springbok)
that he would probably
not be available for the
position of executive
State President if anew
system of government
was instituted in South
Africa”.

65

SOUTH AFRICA


SOUTH AFRICA

PC'S RECOMMENDATIONS SEEN AS ALTERNATIVE TO VIOLENCE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May 82 p 4

[From the "Parliament" page]

[Text] Mr A M van Schoor, a former National Party Senator, called on the Afrikaner
people to choose between negotiations with Coloured and Indian leaders and violence
that would result from a lack of negotiation.

Speaking in the President's Council debate on the report of the Constitutional
Committee on Reform at Central Government level, Mr Van Schoor said the Committee's
recommendations offered the opportunity for negotiation as opposed to confronta-
tion.

It was clear, he said, that if the Government accepted some of the central recommen-
dations, for example that of an Executive President, it would take at least 18 months
for the necessary negotiations and preparation to implement legislation.

If the Executive President assumed office on January 1, 1984, for example, for a
seven year term, this gave the country nine years for intensive negotiations on fu-
ture constitutional development, he said.

"It is said that time is against us, but acceptance of the constitutional proposals
can win nine golden years."

The choice lay with the Afrikaner people because it was they who exercised real
political power, and not the English, Coloured or Indian groups.

The vital test of the recommendations was their acceptability to the community at
large, said Mr Van Schoor, adding that public reaction to proposals appeared to
have made light of the remarkable fact that the first efforts to have Whites,
Coloureds, Indians and Chinese in one body to decide their common and separate fu-
tures had resulted in consensus.

"On the Verge of a Political Breakthrough’
The President's Council recommendations for constitutional reform merited urgent

attention and consideration, Mr Sonny Leon, former leader of the Labour Party in
the Coloured Representative Council, said.

58



MALI

WAREHOUSES IN SENEGAL SAID TO HAMPER COMMERCE
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 23 Mar 82 p 3

[Article by L.D.G. Traore: "EMASE_Administrative Council Meeting: Revital-
ize Malian Warehouses in Senegal" _/

[Text_/"The Malian warehouses in Senegal are in very bad_shape," stated
with bitterness the EMASE / Malian Warehouses in Senegal_/director general,
Modibo Diakite, in the special report that he presented to administrators
last Saturday. To make his diagnosis specific, Mr Diakite referred ito a
"comatose state," for since 1978, as his report points out, "many importers
have turned, unwillingly of course, because of nightmarish problems with the
railway,:to other west African facilities despite the distinctly higher
transport costs." Yet the real reasons for..the: businessmen's turnabout are
no secret: EMASE's money troubles (100 million CFA francs in arrears in
1981, owed to the independent port of Dakar, andnearly 175 million in earli-
er indebtedness to private individuals-and even public services and state
companies), the permanent withholding of usable tarpaulins and pallets
(which creates more rental charges to be paid to third. ‘parties), predict-
able increases to Malian consumer prices as a consequence of the cost of
warehousing, generally done elsewhere at prohibitive rates. To these bottle-
necks must be added the non-use, so far, of the port of Kaolack, whose
1,800 square meters of available sheds in a.14,550 square meter area could
contribute to the partial solution of the problem of storing goods and pro-
ducts on their way to our country.

So the concern of the chairman of this ninth EMASE administrative council
meeting, our minister of transport and public works, Djibril Diallo,_
political secretary of the UDPM / Democratic Union of Malian People_/ is
understandable; at the opening of deliberations, he asked the administrat-
ors for "extreme strictness in the methods and principles of work during
this session." And so the council examined in detail all the documents pre-
sented by EMASE management: the 1977-78-79-80 audit report, the director's
special report, the minutes of the meeting. of the eighth administrative
council meeting, the balance sheet on the 1979 and 1980 financial years,
and other accounts, the financial.and audit reports of the balance. sheet
and submission; andthe results of of the 1978-1979 fiscal years, a compre-
hensive report, the provisional accounts for the 1978 and 1982 financial
years, and reports on the submission of the expected accounts for the 1981

15



MOZAMBIQUE

TRUE MEANING OF 'DEVELOPMENT' ANALYZED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Apr 82 p 1
[Editorial: "To Be Developea"]

[text] This newspaper.has shown how the Indians solved their transportation
problems: with animals, with machines, with vehicles of all shapes, but, above
all, with the imagination and ingenuity that only man possesses.

This real test, this practical demonstration of the apparently impossible
principle of "relying on ones own efforts," is clearly seen in all areas of
activity in today's India.

The farmers do not wait for the arrival of the motor pump to bring the water
to the soil and turn the seed into food. They have invented solutions using
local resources. They have invented their own resources,

In these small waves that constitute the Indian economic "sea," more than the
technical perfection of the machines, there is man's rediscovery of himself,
the genesis of freedom from dependence on the "god" of foreign technocracy,

For many Mozambicans, the reflection in this editorial--if they read it--will
bring a disdainful smile. "Ridiculous," they will think. "This is how we
will overcome underdevelopment?"

In bourgeois thinking, in the thinking of those who have been enslaved’ by the
media disseminating imperialist ideology, popular solutions are "primitive" and
"uncouth,"" They do not have the chrome-plated luster of "Made in U.S.A." or
the bright color of the Japanese plastic.

For these "fine gentlemen" and even for the directors of some economic units in
our country, development depends on solutions already thought up by the engi-
neers of one or another great power. It means importing the most modern and
complex machinery, which is then allowed to fall apart in less time than it
took to build it, and without taking into account the social repercussions of
its sudden introduction into the region in question.

32



‘The Seychellois’ first stop
was the Chinese capital, Bei-
jing, where they were met by
high officials of the Youth Fe-
deration. During a three-day
stay in the city both sides
presented each other with pa-
pers on the activities being
carried out by the respective
youths.

The delegation were pre-
sented with 40 footballs, 18
volleyballs, 100 books and ma-
aazines on China as gifts to
the youth of Seychelles from
the youth of China.

The Seychellois team visit-
ed an institute where marsh
biogas was being used. This
was of special interest to Mr.
Vidot as the NYS had hoped
to use biogas but had thought
the process too complicated.

“Having seen how it is pro-
cessed”, Mr. Vidot said, “I.
found it not that complicated.
1 find no reason to believe
that the NYS cannot go along
with its own biogas plan”.

The Seychellois youth dele-
gates then travelled to Shan-
ghai where their itinerary in-
cluded a visit to a state farm.
Mr. Vidot described this as a
community of its own, with its
own factory, hospital and
theatre to name a few of the
facilities and services.

cso: 4700/1249

The team also visited a
Youth Labour Service, set up
by the Government and the
NCYF to combat youth unem-
ployment.

They also called at a Chil-
dren’s Palace, an_ institute
where 7 to 14-year-old kids go
to participate in various pro-
Jects such as art, drama and
mechanics to name some and
a Youth Palace, an institute
for older students.

SAP

52



validity expires. But in a case where a passport will have to be
extended, its holder will receive a new passport (if he meets the
qualifications for obtaining one). Among these qualifications we
can mention the national identify card, which will be from now on
"the indispensable official document’ required in all of Mali.

Pupils and students will have a scholastic identity card when it is
certified by the seal and signature of the school principal. And for
Malians abroad this role will be filled by the consular card as "a
document attesting to the status of the resident registered in the
consulates of our various diplomatic representations.”

Of smaller size ("cardboard" as one attempted to call it), the new
passport is issued at the same price as the previous one. The in-
crease confirmed (from 20,000 to 30,000 Mali francs) by the public,
is explained by the increase in the price of stamps and has no direct
relation. with the issuance of the new document,

Consequently good work has been done on this passport. It is desir-
able that our national and consular identity cards enjoy the same
advantages, so that finally the Malian, just like these other African
brothers and people elsewhere, is no longer inconvenienced to show
these official identity documents each time there is a need.

However, there is an exception for the pilgrims who, at Saudi Arabia's

suggestion, will have a "special passport" valid only for a round
trip. So many pilgrimages are equivalent to so many passports.

8490
CSO: 4719/891

18



ZULU JAILED FOR REFUSING TO TESTIFY

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May 82 p 10

[Text]

cso:

DURBAN. — An urban representative of the
KwaZulu government was sentenced in the
Durban regional court yesterday to 30 days’
imprisonment as a recalcitrant witness who
refused to take the oath and give evidence.

The magistrate, Mr H
Svan der Walt, rejected
a claim by Joshua The-
mbinkosi Zulu that, as
a representative of the
KwaZulu government,
he had diplomatic im-
munity from being
obliged to give evi-
dence.

Zulu was called to
give evidence at the tri-
al of Mr Fana George
Sithole, Mr Jabulani
Wilfred Ngcobo and Mr
Titi Alocia Mtenyane
who have pleaded not
guilty to two charges of
contravening the Ter-
rorism Act.

Zulu refused to take
the oath or to give eyi-
dence.

The magistrate
found that, although
Zulu’s appointment
may have been ap-
proved by the Depart-
ment of Co-operation
and Development, he
was not accredited as a
diplomatic representa-
tive by the Department
of Foreign Affairs.

Mr Zulu was called
into the witness box a
second time and he

4700/1251

again refused to take
the oath to give evi-
dence.

He -was declared a re-
calcitrant witness.

Sentencing him to 30
days’ imprisonment, Mr
Van der Walt said Zu-
lu’s refusal to give evi-
dence had not shown in-
subordination or
arrogance. His refusal
was on the instructions
of the KwaZulu govern-
ement.

Zulu was granted bail
of R50 pending appeal!
— Sapa.’

85

SOUTH AFRICA



NOT OBLIGED

“South Africa was not a
signatory to a 1977
protocol to the Geneva
Conventions that governed
such armed conflict.
Consequently, it was not
obliged in terms of the
treaty to confer POW
status to member of
SwapoTM Prof Dugard said.

However, South Africa
cannot stand aloof from
delevopments of __ inter-
national humanitarian law.

In the Vietnam war,
before the Geneva Conven-
tions had been extended,
the US treated captured
Vietcong guerrillas as
prisoners of war wherever
there had been some dis-

tinction between _ the
fighters and ordinary
civilians. .

, Swapo’s claim to POW
status was stronger than
any of ‘the other national
liberation movements.
Because Namibia: had an
international character that
was undisputed even by
SA and any major.conflict
within the territory had to
be seen as such.

Prof Dugard - said in
Tesponse to a question
from Adv O’Linn that the
freed SA soldier, Sapper
Johan van der Mescht had
been treated as a POW by
Swapo, according to a
London spokesman of’
Swapo quoted in the Rand
Daily Mail.

Namibian Courts could
not refuse to exercise
juridiction over Swapo
captives, but should have
due regard for develop-
ments in international law.

Cross-examination _ of
Prof Dugard was deferred
to Wednesday next week,
to grant ample time to the
State Prosecutor for a

cso: 4700/1555

thorough preparation.
Originally, he wanted the
case to be postponed for
one month, but that was
ruled out by Mr Justice
Bethune as not fair to the
accused as the case had
been dragging on from
February.
(Proceeding)

39



also thought that the
mission was legal be-
cause it was “right”
that a pro-Marxist gov-
ernment like that of Mr
Rene which came to
power in a coup should
be replaced by a govern-
ment led by Pres Man-
cham.

Contacted

Standish-White told
the court he was con-
tacted in Cape Town
and asked if he would
be interested in #“pro-
ject”. After this inititial
approach he flew to
Dusban where he met
Ken Dalgleish, another
of the aceussed, and
Mike. Webb, also a for:
mer Rhodesian army of-
ficer.

Later he met Col
Hoare and was paid an
initial R1 000 and prom-
ised R10 000 later. He
filled in various forms
and then left with the
expedition for the Sey-

ae > said he had passed
through the customs
hall and was outside
terminal
building when firing
started in the building.
The order was given for
the mercenary group to
arm themselves. He was
under the command of
Webb and was assigned
to set up the roadblock
to the right of the air-
port.

Mahé 7 Get Top Scots Lawyer

PIETERMARITZ-
BURG. — The former
Scottish Soliciter Gen-
eral, Mr Nicholas Fairb-
airn, who was also a
conservative MP, will
go to the Seychelles
next month to defend
seven men, who are fac-
ing charges of high
treason in the Victoria
Supreme Court, on
June 19.

Mr Fairbairn, who is
the MP for Perthshire,
confirmed from his
London home yesterday
that he would be de-
fending the seven fac-

ing the high treason‘

charges'in Mahe’ relat-
ing to the abortive coup
in the Seychelles last
November.

cso: 4700/1554

Mr Fairbairn con-
firmed that he would
also be defending Mr
Martin Dolinchek, a
self-confessed NIS
agent, who was cap-
tured on the island a
few days after the at-
tempted coup failed.

Mr Fairbairn, who
was one of Britain's
best-known barristers
before entering politics
said that, at this stage
he was not sure
whether he would fly to
Pietermaritzburg to ac-
quaint himself with the
hijack trial where 43

men are fi charges
under the Civil Aviation
Offences Act.

Originally, when Mr
Mike Hannon SC of Jo-

hannesburg who was
defending 33 of the ac-
cused withdrew from
the Pietermaritzburg
trial, some of the mer-
cenaries hoped to ob-
tain the services of Mr
Fairbairn to defend
them.

However, because he
is not fully conversant
with both official lan-
guages in the Republic,

him appearing in the
Pietermaritzburg Su-
preme Court.

The position of Mr
Hannon in regard to six
of the men appearing
on a charge of high
treason in the Sey-
chelles is, at this stage,
not clear.

80

Mr Hannon withdrew
from the Pietermaritz-
burg trial because of
“conflicting interests”
among some of the 33
he was defending. But
he had not officially
said he was withdraw-
ing from the trial in the
Seychelles.

He could not be con-
tacted for comment yes-
terday.

Mr Fairbairn’s ser-
vices to defend the se-
ven accused in the Sey-
chelles was obtained by
Mr Ken Dalgleish, a
friend of Mr Fairbairn,
Mr Dalgleish, who man-
ages a hotel in Durban,
is one of the accused in
the Pietermaritzburg
trial.



ROWAN CRONJE TO WORK FOR TSWANA GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May

[Text] No contracts will be

cso:

signed when the former

Ciskei presidential ad-

viser, Mr Rowan

Cronje, joins the Bo-

phuthatswana Govern-
ment next month.

The man who was

aked by President Len-
nox Sebe in April and is
still negotiating for
payment of his sev-
en year contract with
that Government, is not
about to sign any more
binding agreement

4700/1245

sponsibility, will be the
setting up of a man-
power department in
the national state.

He intends drawing

82 p 5

57

SOUTH AFRICA


INTERNAL SECURITY BILL DEBATE MARKED BY WALKOUTS, ATTACKS ON PFP

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May 82 p 4

[From the "Parliament" page]

[Text] THE controversial In-

ternal Security Bill
was read a second
time after members
of the official Opposi-
tion and the New Re-
public Party, in turn,
left the Assembly, de-
clining to support
each others’ amend-

ments to the legis-
lation.

When the second
reading debate ended,
Mr Speaker put an
amendment by the lead-
er of the NRP,
Vause Raw, declining to
pass the second reading
because, among other

PFP Is Still Not Happy

THE minor improvements in the In-
ternal Security Bill did not allay the
basic objections the Progressive
Federal Party had to the overriding
authority which the executive had in
respect of security legislation, Mr
Ray Swart (Berea) said.

During the second reading debate.
on the Bill Mr Swart said that while

the improvements were welcome
they did nothing to curb the un-
bridled authority of the executive
and gave no cause for confidence in
the safeguarding of human rights.
The Government’s argument that
the measures were necessary and
that the end justified the means was
totally unacceptable to the PFP.

things, it “fails to neu-
tralise the damaging
propaganda campaign
which forms an essen-
tial element of that on-
slaught” (to overthrow
the authority of the
State). .

The NRP's Chief
Whip, Mr Brian Page,
called for a division, at
which point the Pro-
gressive Federal Party
left the House en
masse.

Because the NRP
have fewer than 15
members, the amend-
ment fell away and the
PFP members returned.
The amendment by
Mrs Helen’ Suzman

81

(PFP Houghton) that
“the Bill be read this
day six months” was
then put. Members of
the NRP left the House
following a call for a
division by the PFP’s
Chief Whip, Mr Brian
Bamford.

The amendment was
defeated by 104 votes to
22.

The Bill was read a
second time after NRP
members returned to
the House.

The legislation ema-
nates from the report
of the Rabie commis-
sion of inquiry into se-
curity legislation.

SOUTH AFRICA



ZIMBABWE

CHURCH ACCUSED OF DISRUPTIVE TACTICS

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 82 p 1

[Text] THE Roman Catholic around taking people to

Church has been
accused by Senator
Agrippa Makunde of
disrupting efforts by
farmers to promote
socialism through co-
operatives.

Agricultural activities

of the Catholic Associa-
tion were alleged by the
Senator to be a smoke-
screen for the church's
“dabbling in politics”, and
a means to thwart aims
to bring all farmers into
a united movement.

‘The rift between the
church and farmers was
highlighted on Friday by
Senator Makunde in his
address to ministers who
had been attending a field
day organised by Chiviya
communal farmers, in
Murewa.

Present were the Min-
ister of Lands, Resettle-
ment and Rural Develop-
ment, Mr Moven Mahachi;
the Minister of Commu-
ity Development and
Women’s Affairs, Mrs
Teurai Ropa Nhongo; and
the Deputy Minister of
Agriculture, Dr Swithun
Mombeshora.

‘The Catholic Association
held a similar field day
‘on Friday, in the area.

While a Government
bus was ferrying farmers
to the meeting attended
by the ministers, a seven-
tonne truck was going

the Catholic Association's
field day.

“There is a misunder-
standing in the farming

sector here between de-
velopment area groups
and the Silveira House.
group,” said the senator.

“The Christian group
held a meeting yesterday
and they are meeting
again today when they
know full well that minis-
ters are here,

“They ‘are. fighting
against the Government
by doing this kind of thing
and many things which
damage the Government
are said at their meet-
ings.”

‘Said Mrs Nhongo: “The
church cannot compete
against Government pro-
grammes; we have already
said that if they want to
be respected they should
do what the Government
wants.

“It is surprising that
the Government deploys
agricultural extension
workers who have orgah-
ised this field day, and yet
the churches do things
which are out of step.”

Mr Mahachi reiterated
the Government's stance
that the churches should
stay out of politics,

“Ig you want to get
into politics through the
pulpit, then you are fight-
ing us,” said Mr Mahachi.

“If Catholics and Meth-
odists want a showdown
with the Government,” he
said, “they will be dealt
with ruthlessly.”

117



YOUTHS TO BE ARMED, SAYS PM

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 82 p 1

[Text] younG people will be

cso:

armed to fight dissidents
and bandits. in the coun-

try, the Prime Minister,
Mr Mugabe, sald yester-

day. ,

Speaking to thousands
of people at wikoba Sta-
dium, Gweru, Mr Mugabe
said: “Do not rely on the
army and police alone for
protection, but you, the
people, must fearn to de-
fend yourselves sgainst
bandits and dissidents.

“The army might take
too long coming to your
aid as they have to pre-
pare first and by the
time they arrive, the dis-
sidents would have dis-

appeared.”
He urged people to be
vigilant, adding that

youths ‘would be taught
how to use guns so as to
rovide immediate pro-
tion to the community.
‘The Prime Minister re-
peated his earlier state
ments that ZANU (PF)
would rule forever.
“Because of intimida-

‘ton, ZANU (PF) lost four
‘seats in the Midlands
Province,” he said. “But
now people were realising
that ZANU (PF) was the
only party worth support-
ing because of the arms
caches found throughout
the country.

4700/1246

“We found new missiles
in some of the arms
caches,” Mr Mugabe re-
vealed.’ “Now, why did
ZAPU not use them when
they were being bombed
by the former Rhodesian

forces in Zambia?”

Mr Mugabe said ZANU
(PF) had uncovered a
plan by ZAPU in 1977
called “Zero Hour”, in
which ZAPU wanted
ZANU (PF) to use their
arms to liberate Zimba-
bwe while ZAPU kept its
weapons to fight ZANU
(PF) after the liberation.

“We confronted them
with this plan, but they
denied any knowledge of
it,” Mr Mugabe said.

Mr Mugabe said ZAPU
will never conquer ZANU
' (PF). “Where will Nkomo
find medicine more power-
ful than ours to fight us?”
the Prime Minister asked
amid wild cheering. *

Mr Mugabe said: “I
thank Nkomo for planting
the arms so that we of
ZANU (PF) could reap
them, We have gone
against the Bible by reap-
ing something that had
been planted by someone
sey but this we had to

‘Mr Mngabe said he
knew of ZIPRA leaders
who were meeting and
erganising dissidents. “We
will let this go on because
we want to get further
information.”

The Prime Minister re-
peated his statements
made on Saturday at Nha-
rira concerning Dr Nkomo,
saying he was not immune
to arrest.

120

Speaking about the city
of Gweru, Mr Mugabe said
the idea of starting the
liberation war was born
in the city although the
actual fighting started at
Chinboyi. — Ziana,

ZIMBABWE


"One purpose of this exhibition is to give the Mozambican people an oppor-
tunity to become familiar with the USSR and with all aspects of the life of
the Soviet people," said the diplomat.

As part of the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the
USSR (which comprises 15 republics), a huge exhibition will be mounted in
Maputo next December. It will consist mainly of books, with over 2,000 works,
Umanskiy said.

"In June, the Soviet people will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the founding
of FRELIMO and the 7th anniversary of Mozambican independence. On that
occasion, there will be an exhibition/sale of Mozambican books," the diplomat
announced,

Regarding the exchange of literary works between the RPM and the USSR,
Umanskiy said that the Soviet foreign trade association began its cooperation
with the INLD in 1976, with the signing of accords for the exchange of books
and records.

“Since then we have imported several Mozambican books and records to enable
the people of the Soviet Union to gain a better understanding of this friendly
country in Southern Africa."

In turn, the Soviet Union exported various works to the RPM, including liter-
ary works, textbooks and records,

In conclusion, the diplomat said that the expositions in Cabo Delgado and

Niassa provinces would be of some assistance to the INLD delegations in those
provinces, in carrying out their plans and tasks for various INLD activities.

6362
cso: 4742/3021

26



ANGOLA

CATTLE OWNERS PROTEST LOW PURCHASING PRICES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Apr 82 p 9

[Excerpt] Huambo--The DINAPROPE [National Cattle Products Distributing Company]
is an enterprise connected with the Ministry of Agriculture whose activity is
specifically centered on marketing livestock (cattle, goats, pigs), as well as
pullets and eggs from production units, slaughter and distribution of meat to
the population.

"The purchase of livestock for the DINAPROPE of this province is made on the
basis of exchange for industrial goods in the areas of Caconda, Caluquembe and
Ngola, in the north of Huila," DINAPROPE manager Antonio Jose told ANGOP
[angolan Press Agency].

That enterprise purchases the cattle from the peasants at officially fixed
prices, that is at the rate of 17.50 kwanzas per kilogram for live animals
weighing over 300 kg. For those weighing less than 300 kg the price is 15
kwanzas for goats and cattle and 19.00 kwanzas for pigs.

"After the sale of the animals the peasant acquires the industrial goods from
DINAPROPE ," said Antonio Jose, adding that "there have been complaints from
livestock owners that the prices at which the firm purchases the meat is low.
This complaint has already been sent to the central services in order to have
the prices reviewed."

One of the enterprise's main difficulties is lack of industrial goods whose
supply has not been filled by the Ministry of Home Trade, and the lack of a
refrigeration chamber. To try to alleviate the lack of industrial goods, the
DINAPROPE purchased, through the provincial commissariat and other organiza-
tions, 100 motorized [vehicles], 90 bales of clothing, 30 bicycles and 100
blankets, "which is still insufficient to compensate for the number of animals
we try to purchase in view of the vast area of distribution covered by the
enterprise," said a spokesman.

In addition to supplying Huambo Province, DINAPROPE has the responsibility to
supply Caconda, Caluquembe and Ngola municipalities in Huila, because they are
in the area of livestock marketing.

11634
CSO: 4742/296



P. S. Mehra said the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade conducted research into ex~
port trade and training facilities. The institute had undertaken more than 336
research studies which included operational aspects of foreign trade such as tariff
and non-tariff barriers, quality control, preshipment inspection, export finance
and credit, shipping, export procedures, and documentation.--Ziana. [Text] [Harare
THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 9]

YUGOSLAV PRAISE--The Yugoslav Press and Information Agency, Tanjug, has praised the
leadership of the Prime Minister, Mr Mugabe, and his policy of reconciliation. In
his commentary of March 10, the editor of the agency, Mr Milenko Babic, said Mr
Mugabe had "speedily and efficaciously" translated the idea of racial reconcilia-
tion from an experiment to reality. "With this wise strategy, which is also the
only realistic one, Mr Mugabe has achieved not only an economic accomplishment by
making Zimbabwe the first newly liberated African country not to have paid for its
independence by slowed down development, but also a political success by virtually
eliminating the petty political opposition of Dr Joshua Nkomo," Mr Babic said.

The Prime Minister had broken up the racist front of the whites, from which was
emerging a growing number of those who saw that the long-term interest of the white
minority lay in co-operation with the Government. Mr Mugabe had confirmed the in-
tention that a one-party state would be established in Zimbabwe, discarding a
democracy of the Western type which could not solve crucial development problems
in Africa, Mr Babic said. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 7]

DUTCH FINANCE DAIRY PLANT--A new dairy factory--financed by a soft Dutch government
loan of 15,4 million guilders--is to be built at Chipinge and should be in produc-
tion by about the middle of next year. The general manager of the Dairy Marketing
Board, Mr Eddie Cross, recently signed a contract for the factory with representa-
tives of the Dutch firm Stork Amsterdam in The Hague. The managing director of
Stork Amsterdam, Mr I. L. P. van der Steen, said that the funds were part of monies
which were pledged to Zimbabwe at the Zimcord conference and represent the first
major investment by Holland in Zimbabwe following the conference. While most of
the machinery will be provided by the Netherlands, local Zimbabwean contractors
will be responsible for engineering and construction work.--ZIS. [Text] [Harare
THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 1]

PLACE NAMES PROBE--Objections to the recently announced place name changes will be
forwarded to the Prime Minister, Mr Mugabe. Dr Eddison Zvobgo, Minister of Legal
and Parliamentary Affairs, said yesterday he was aware of the concern over the name
change of Fort Victoria to Nyanda. "I am aware of the representations made by the
people of Fort Victoria. Any complaint made will be placed before the Prime Minis-
ter." Dr Zvobgo said the town had been renamed Nyanda, as that was the name of the
nearby mountains. However, several people have complained that the new name should
have been Masvingo. The Nambya Cultural Association in Hwange has written to the
Minister suggesting that the correct spelling of their town should be Whange. They
also advised that Dete should be altered to Detema. It was, before the recent name
changes, Dett. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 5]

MP CHANGES NAME--A member of Parliament for Mashonaland East, Mr Philemon Garikayi
Murambiwa, has changed his surname to Machipisa. A prominent businessman, Mr
Machipisa has adopted the name of his businesses and the name popularly given to a
Highfield shopping centre. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 82 p 1]

135



ERIC LANG VENTS VIEWS ON STATUS OF ECONOMY

SA Domination

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 12 May 82 p 1

{Text ]

ACCURATE bursts of fire directed
at the SA establishement and foreign
economic interests in Namibia struck
home last night when local millionaire
Mr Eric Lang took to the public plat-
form for the first time.

Publicly known for his
eminent role in the recent
probe into the Territory’s
meat industry, Mr Lang
addressed some 300 people
in Windhoek during an
AGM of the Klein
Windhoek branch of the
German Interes-
sengemeinschaft. .

Patriotic ‘Southwest’ set-
tler feelings were strongly
fanned as the expectant
audience greeted = Mr
Lang's well-directed as-
sault on the SA colonial
status quo and excessive
profit taking by big non-
resident investment groups.

They had been psyched
up for the occasion by the
local press and the crowd
was not disappointed for.
Mr Lang backed up his
biting offensive — with
penetrating research and
some startling disclosures
on the state of public
finance and economic un-
derdevelopment in the Ter-
ritory.

Collapse of Namibia's
national economy was im-
minent unless the interim
constitution AG 8 was

scrapped immediately, and
strict control of the
country's national
resources implemented
domestically, Mr Lang
argued.

HIDEOUS

“SA has saddled us via
AG 8, with an enormously
complicated, bloated inef-
ficient and hideously ex-
pensive government system
devoid of all sanity, has in-
stitutionalised —_tribalism
and effectively led to the
semi-paralysis of the
political and economic
development of the Ter-
ritory.~

Mr Lang warned that
the country’s financial
state was on the brink of
total collapse. and made
several surprising dis-
closures:
@ The Auditor General’s
1980/1 report — which
should have been tabled
within 12 months after the
end of March this year, has
still not been completed.
@ The statement of ac-
counts which by law must

41

be completed within seven
months after March 30,
have also not been com-
pleted. The main reason for
these two developments,
according to Mr Lang, was
the confusion existing in
the Government's accounts
system.

@ The accounts of certain
ethnic authorities have not
balanced for years, and in
some cases the AG, Mr
Danie Hough.-has had to
guarantee payment of post-
dated cheques by these
authorities. to commercial
banks.

@ The average real expen-
diture on each Namibian
for general administration
is 23.3. percent of total

Government expenditure,
compared with 11 percent
in SA.

@ Namibia's national
debt to SA has rocketed
from R28 million in
1979 to R380 million last
year and an _ estimated
R600 m for the coming
financial year.

Mr Lang com-
mented: “From ail the
evidence it would seem that
it is in SA’s and those of
certain other parties’ in-
terests to keep us in a
dependent and _ helpless
state, both economically
and politically.

“It would seem as if we
are like a spectator
watching a magician pull-
ing rabbits out of a hat

NAMIBIA



ANGOLA

SUPPORT TO PRIVATE BUSINESS URGED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Apr 82 p 9

[Excerpts] The Municipal Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party of Mocamedes
organized a meeting on Wednesday guided by the provincial delegate of industry
and member of the Party Municipal Committee, Raul Teodoro Vicente.

During the meeting, which was attended by private businessmen of the munici-
pality, there was discussion of the need to create a cooperative for tailors,
carpenters and joiners, as well as the need for the National Price Commission
to prepare a provincial price list for the sale of wood and coal to prevent
the prevailing speculation.

At the same time, greater support for the supply of fish to restaurants and
similar establishments was requested from the Ministry of Fisheries, and it
was recommended that the Ministry of Home Trade give more assistance to private
businessmen so as to better serve the public.

Party Executive Commission Meeting

The Provincial Party Committee Executive Commission of Mocamedes met last
Tuesday and discussed and approved the reports to be presented to the third
plenary meeting of the provincial party committee to be held in the near
future.

During the meeting the Executive Commission, which was presided over by Manuel
Francisco da Silva, coordinator of the Organization Department, discussed the
socio economic situation of the fishing sector. The meeting also analyzed the
political-military situation of the province in particular, and that of the
country in general.

11634
cso: 472/296



The speaker added that some Mozambican students are receiving training in
Spain, noting that "we still have about 10 scholarships for Mozambican
students."

Further regarding cooperation in the health sector, Pardos said it was pos-
sible that some Mozambican patients might receive treatment in Spain, accord-
ing to the nature of their disease and the lack of local resources for treat-
ment.

With respect to the professional training of Mozambicans, also provided in the
accord signed yesterday in Maputo, Pardos reported that his government "will
participate in the establishment of a professional training center in Namialo,
Nampula Province."

He said the center would support the technical-professional training of
Mozambicans in various areas in which Spain will be cooperating, with particu-
lar emphasis on agriculture and metalworking.

Another aspect mentioned by the leader of the Spanish delegation was intensi-
fication of Mozambican-Spanish cooperation in the fishing industry (shrimp);
he said a study is in progress on the introduction of a type of vessel con-
sidered ideal for fishing in Mozambican waters.

The Spanish delegation returned home yesterday. It is noted that the Spanish
ambassador in Maputo was also present at the signing of the accord,

6362
cso: 4742/301

35



USE OF MINERS EXPELLED BY SOUTH AFRICA PLANNED

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 9

[Text]

cso:

THE skills and knowledge
of the Siimbabwean miners
being repatriated from
South Africa must not be
allowed to go to waste,
said Mr Jairus E. Mun-
yoro, chairman of the
Zimbabwe mall Miners’
Co-operative in Harare
yesterday.

“Within the next two
weeks, the committee of
the small miners hopes to
meet the Minister of
Mines, Mr Maurice Nya-
gumbo to discuss the
many ex-mining person-
ne] being repatriated from
South Africa,

“They have know-how
and experience that we
can use, They must not
‘be allowed to sit at home
and let all that knowledge
go to waste.”

Mr Munyoro, who ts
iso chairman of the Zim-
babwe Businessmen’s Co-
operative Society, an-
nounced the dates for the
second and third small
miners’ seminar. The first
such seminar was held at
Mberengwa in March,
and was successful.

Mr Munyoro said that
the second seminar would
be held at the Kotwa
Business Centre at Mudzi
trom today to Friday and
would be sponsored by the
Australian government,
There would be 40 par-
ticipants, including 15 for-
mer combatants, all from
the Mutoko area. t

He was pleased that all
the lecturers at the semi-
nar would be Ministry of

4700/1246

Mines officials. including
the Mining Commissioner,
Mr J. Vandoros. “There
is much more involve-
ment now by the ministry.

“The Government's in-
volvement means that
they are aware that the
mining industry must
come from the grass
roots.”

Mr Munyoro said the
third seminar to be spon-
sored by Dutch, would be
held from June 1 to June
4 at the Sebakwe Hotel,
Kwekwe. About 40 . par-
ticipants would attend.
These would include a
proportion of — ex-com-
batants. — ‘ZIS.

116

ZIMBABWE


[Answer] There is no doubt that the main objective has been achieved.

I went to meet the people, I was able to meet them, talk with them and
learn their problems and their concerns. The objective of conscious—
ness-raising was also reached. The need to depend first on our own
resources, was understood by the people and the political and adminis-
trative leaders, The participation of all in the work of national
construction,in the framework of a development administration, was
understood by all members.

But everything which has been said and understood would be in vain, if
the political and administrative leaders do not play their role
fully, if they do not assume, in a word, their responsibility.

In any case, what is beyond doubt, is that the party considers inad-
missible any act tending to nullify the efforts made by the people to
guarantee the availability of members.

The political leaders must understand more than ever that all their
activities must serve to create cohesion in the party and consolidate
national unity.

As for the administrative leaders and the people, they must understand
once and for all that administration and development commits the ad-
ministrative leaders to more of a spirit of initiative, sense of
understanding and spirit of self-denial in their role of administrator
and educator and the people to meaningful participation in develop-
ment activities.

Taking into account the availability of the people, I am confident
about a genuine commitment of the one and the other (leaders and
people) to the work of national construction.

The task is certainly difficult and the work of long duration, but
everything calls us to it.

8490
CSO: 4719/891

4



LESOTHO

BRIEFS

NEW AIRPORT-~Maseru.--The Lesotho Minister of Transport and Communications, Dr
Kenneth Maphathe, announced in the National Assembly in Maseru that work on the
construction of the country's planned international airport near Mazenod, about
20 kms south of Maseru, would start soon. He said that before contracts were
awarded for the major civil engineering work and buildings, work will be done on
the installation of security fencing. The project was now estimated to cost about
R57 million and several financial institutions were assisting in the implementa-

tion of the project.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May
82 p 9]

Cso: 4700/1554



ZAMBIA

Zambia, Malawi Hold Top Level Talks To Resolve Border Problems
(SUNDAY TIMES, 9 May 82) ...... .

Nation Signs Agreement With SIDA To Train Zambians
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 May 82) .. se eeeeeeees

Mundia Assures Uganda of Nation's Continued Support
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 8 May 82) ..

ZIPM Deplores Recruitment of Expatriates for Personnel Work
(SUNDAY TIMES, 9 May 82) ..

Mundia Says All Partners of Labor Market Must Work To Prevent
Strikes
(SUNDAY TIMES, 9 May 82) ......... deeb eee eee e eee eeeeeenes

ZIMBABWE

Westminister System Must Go, Says Makombe
(THE HERALD, various dates) ..scccccececsscteeecereesesees

Has Become Irrelevant, by Tim Chigodo
Discordant With Local Conditions, Editorial

ZCTU Puts Off Appointment of New Leader
(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) ..cscecccccccsceccecetceeees seeeee

History of the Shona Unravelled
(THE HERALD, 8 May 82) ....cseceeceeseeee thence eeeeeeens

Agreements With GDR Strengthen Relations
(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) ......... seeeeeaee be eeeeeeeeeuees

ZAPU Disowns New Cabinet Posts
(THE HERALD, 10 May 82) ....cccecescecceceeeee beeen anes

Air Link-Up With GDR Established
(THE HERALD, 8 May 82) ..csscssecceceeeeee see e cece eeeeneee

Forged Dollar Racket Grows in Bulawayo
(THE HERALD, 8 May 82) ..cscesecsecceceececeece deco eeeeeee

Peasants Found Guilty in Kana Farm Squatting Case
(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) ......eeseee See e cece eeeeeeeeeees .

Use of Miners Expelled by South Africa Planned
(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) ..scscccscccccesceccsceeceee seeeee

Church Accused of Distruptive Tactics
(THE HERALD, 10 May 82) ......eseeeeee de eee e eee eeeeeeeees

102

103

104

105

106

107

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117


PROPOSED STUDY OF COAL RESOURCES ATTRACTS INTEREST

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 1

[Text] .rHm proposed study of

cso:

Zimbabwe's huge coal
resources has attracted
considerable interest
among consultancy firms
in Europe, says Secretary
for Mines Mr Christopher
Ushewokunze.

Speaking after his
return from talks with of-
ficlals at the Brussels
headquarters of the Euro-
pean Economic Com-
munity, which is financing
the $700000 study, he
said: “We met six short-
Usted principal con-
guitants and answered
their questions,

“We found a great deal
of eagerness among those
consultants, but we have
to follow HEC procedure
for selection.”

Basically, it was a pre-
consultancy selection in-
formation and briefing
session.

“We explained what we
wanted out of the study
and its terms of reference.
We shall set out ‘our con-
Gitions in the tender and
the suitable consortium
will be selected,” said Mr
Ushewokunze.

“Once it gets off the
ground we have indicated
we would like the study to
be done in a-period of six
to nine months,” he added.
“Mr Ushewokunze felt,

4700/1246

however, that the project
could have been dealt with
more speedily. “We still
seem to be tied up in
bureaucracy after two
years”.

He atressed that al-
though it was an overall
study of the country’s coal
resources it would. not
hold up any other de-
velopment planned by
Government.

Whichever consortium

of consultants wins the
contract it will have to be
predominantly European
as, according to Mr
Ushewokunze, the “EEC
insists. upon multi-
nationality from firms
within its boundaries”.

But this does not ex-
clude Zimbabwean  con-
sultants as part of the
study may sub-con-
tracted out by the win-
ning consortium.

128

ZIMBABWE



MUNDIA SAYS ALL PARTNERS OF LABOR MARKET MUST WORK TO PREVENT STRIKES

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 9 May 82 p 1

(Text] PRIME M

cso:

ster Mundia has Called on institutions ir

Zambia’s labour market to work tirelessly to prevel ent
all kinds of strikes in industries.

Opening the ninth annual
general conference of the
Zambia Institute of Per-
sonnel Management (ZIPM)
at Mindolo Ecumenical
Foundation in Kitwe yester-

day, Mr Mundia said
despite laying down
channels of communication’
in the process of free
collective bargaining.
strikes continued to take:
place. ‘

“This is an area where all
partners of the labour
market must work tirelessly
to prevent strikes in our
industries."

Mr Mundia told delegates that
industrial relations, parti-
cularly in personnel .man-
agement, was a_ social
science which required that
those charged with duties
were suitably qualified.

“As you are aware, a worker
is no longer a cog in the
industrial chain of produc-

tion. The trade’ uniors,:
through their workers”
educational programmes,

have done a ‘good job of
making workers. aware of
their duties, rights and
privileges at- places of
work.”’

Mr Mundia said workers were!
demanding to be: equal’
Partners in the decision-
making process at their

4700/1242

places: of’ work which,
according to the country’s!
labour policy, was ani
institutional demand reflec-
ted in the provisions of the
Industrial Relations Act.

“All that, remains for the
ZIPM is to cultivate goodwill
or cooperation in commu-
nication with workers and
their representatives. This
cooperation is absolutely
necessary in order to
achieve goals in our social
and economic development

plans."

The role of personnel manage-
ment had become crucial in
view of the country's new
progressive industrial rela-

“ tions’ policy exemplitied by
pieces of sound labour
legislation.

“You are partners in the
production process and as
such cooperation and con-
stant communication in all
matters of mutual interest is
of vital importance.” i

Good labour relations produ-
ced satisfied workers who
in turn produced — more

is and services for the
nation's development.

Back-up

He believed that well-infor-*
enlightened”

med = and
workers were an insurance
cover for industrial harmony
for which the. Party and its

106

“Government had. provided”

a back-up policy.

The Party and its Govern-
ment expected that all
personnel management
ideas and functions took
into account political, econo-
mic, social and cultural
considerations if they were
to make an impact on
Zambia's industrial rela-
tions.:

ZAMBIA


“Why would: any rec-
ommendations put the
PFP in a crisis,” he ask-
ed. “We are still waiting
for the Government to
issue a White Paper.”

“The Government
would be expected to
provide additional
sources where any loss
of revenue to a local
authority occurs,” he
said. .

Mr Koos Sadie, one of
the three Independent
councillors who hold
the balance of power in
the Johannesburg City
Council, said the Presi-
dent’s Council report
was clear about what
services Johannesburg
would lose to the
metropolitan authority,
but vague about how
they would be financed

He did not think the
PFP or any other party
could react to the pro-
posals at this stage, be-
cause “plenty of infor-

CSO: 4700/1245

mation is not available
yet”.

Mr Sadie pointed out
that the intention was
that the metropolitan
authority would have
control over the com-
mon services, not over
the municipalities that
shared them.

He could not see

much objection to a
takeover of electricity,
water or traffic services
by a metropolitan auth-
ority, provided Johan-
nesburg was compen-
sated for its massive
multi-million —_invest-
ment in them.
“At present, these
were trading depart-
ments showing a profit
for the Johannesburg
City Council and they
should be required to
show a profit for the
metropolitan authority,
Mr Sadie told The Citi-
zen.

64


MALI

REASONS FOR RAILWAY'S LOSSES, PROSPECTS EXAMINED
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 29 Mar 82 p 3

[article by L.D.G. Traore: "RCFM Board: Causes of the Deficit, Reasons
for Hope"_/

[Text_7 "First of all, with no need to dwell upon the figures, since they
will be the subject of later board meetings, let us state that the 79 situ-
ation has not shown much tendency to improve in later balance sheets. As a
matter of fact, the loss returns on 1980 operations amounted to 2.141 bil-
lion Malian francs, even though, through bookkeeping adjustments (profits
on later operations as a result of various subsidies), the loss shown in
the statement is brought dow to 1,070 billion, We expect a similar out-
come for operations in 1981."

This disturbing diagnosis from the comparative analysis of the 1977-1979
balance sheets and on up to the present provides the background to the
corporate financial report_presented to the directors last Thursday by the
director general of RCFM / Malian Railway Administration_/, Mr Savane. It
can also be seen from the various audit reports (1977 to 1979) that the
Malian Railway Administration has performed in the same way every financial
year except 1977, for which year the positive balance for operations shows
a net profit of 115,051,954 Malian francs.

The persistently poor situation experienced by FERMALI [Malian National
Railways_/ up to the present has been produced by three different management
bodies, respectively described by the auditor as "charismatic, undynamic,
and lax." The real causes of the successive poor results can certainly be
identified from the many documents studied during the’ boatd's meetings under
the chairmanship of our minister of transport and public works, Djibril
Diallo, political secretary of the UDPM / Democratic Union of Malian People/.

The administration [rom], Mr Savane particularly pointed out in his re-
port, has been confronted during these financial years by a certain number
of difficulties:

A financial problem: a spectacular rise in fuel and lubricant costs,

19



pe

GHANA

REVEREND DAMUAH: REVOLUTION IS BASED ON AFRICAN PRAGMATISM
Ouagadougou L'OBSERVATEUR in French 25 Jan 82 pp 8-11

{Interview with Reverend Dr Damuah, Member of the Ghanaian Provisional Defense
Council, in Upper Volta by Martin Kabore of National Radio Broadcasting System
of Upper Volta; date of interview not specified]

{Excerpts] On 31 December 1981, for the second time in less than 3 years, Air
Force Captain Jerry John Rawlings returned as head of Ghana following a military
coup d'etat. Various rumors have circulated about an impressive number of deaths,
the new government's aims and possible foreign implications. After the borders
were reopened, the new government of Accra dispatched two initial missions to
three countries to explain these changes.

The first delegation, led by Reverend Dr Damuah, visited the Ivory Coast and
Upper Volta (19-20 January 1982). Reverend Damuah was received by Col Saye
Zerbo, the chief of state. Shortly before his departure, our colleague, Martin
Kabore, of Voltan Radio Broadcasting met with Reverend Damuah and his interview,
which is interesting for more than one reason, represents what we call a scoop
in journalistic jargon: This is undoubtedly the first interview of such detail
given abroad by an important member of the Provisional Defense Council of Ghana
(the supreme authority).

Reverend Damuah is a catholic priest, very committed and adept at direct and
candid answers.

MARTIN KABORE: Your excellency, the National Radio Broadcasting System of Upper
Volta thanks you for agreeing to this interview just prior to your return to
Accra.

First off, some information sources have insinuated that Libya was very much
involved in this coup d'etat. What do you say to this?

REVEREND DAMUAH: We thank you. We have to say, clearly and plainly, that this
affair was entirely Ghanaian. Libya played no role in it. This is a holy war
which we have undertaken ourselves. We have to fight our own battles and not
rely on others.

We had the chance to wage this holy war and it was a sovereign and purely
Ghanaian decision.



MOZAMBIQUE

REACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP, PRIVATE TRADE ORGANIZATIONS ALLOWED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Apr 82 pl

[Text] The Permanent Commission of the People's Assembly has
just approved the Law for the Reacquisition of Citizenship,
according to which the Council of Ministers of the RPM
[People's Republic of Mozambique] could grant Mozambican
citizenship to those who, having lost it, now wish to regain
it.

The new law imposes two conditions for the reacquisition of citizenship: a
fixed residence on national territory and guarantees of political and moral
reintegration into Mozambican society.

A high official of the secretariat of the People's Assembly was quoted by
Radio Mozambique as saying that this legal measure constitutes both an act of
sovereignty and an act of clemency, always advocated by the FRELIMO Party.

He added that the purpose of the law is to pardon those who, without sufficient
thought, renounced their Mozambican citizenship, thus giving them an opportun-
ity to return to their true homeland,

It is also noted that a woman who lost her citizenship by marrying a foreigner
and was subsequently divorced may now request Mozambican citizenship, if she
satisfies the requirements in the new law.

The Permanent Commission of the People's Assembly also approved a law permit-

ting private merchants and industries to form trade associations, The new law
will soon be published in the BOLETIM DA REPUBLICA,

6362
cso: = 4742/3021

24



assist the maize industry
in a responsible manner
to find solutions for its
problems.

“However, I appeal to
spokesmen in the indus-
try to convey the facts in

CSO: 4700/1554

93



FATHER LEWIS' WARNING--Thousands of ordinary Britons are watching events in Zim-
babwe despite efforts by the British Government "to sweep the issue under the car-
pet". This is the opinion of the head of the South Africa-based Rhodesia Chris-
tian Group, Father Arthur Lewis, who has just returned from a tour of the United
Kingdom. Mr Lewis said that Zimbabwe was earning few mentions in the media, be-
cause of the attention focused on the Falkland crisis. "The Marxist takeover is
virtually ignored by the churchmen there who did so much to bring it about," he
said. However, he found that thousands of ordinary people maintained a keen in-
terest in Zimbabwe and were anxious to know the truth of what was happening there,
the rest of Africa and South Africa in particular. Intelligent Christians in
Britain were questioning the official line of the World Council of Churches and
the British Council of churches. He said he spoke to sympathetic British members
of Parliament. "A small group who have not given up hope despite repeated rebuffs
by the Foreign Office." [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May 82 p 11]

ZANU-PF YOUTHS RAMPAGE--Harare.--Militant youths loyal to Zimbabwean Prime Minis-
ter Robert Mugabe's Zanu-PF rampaged through the streets of Rusape in eastern Zim-
babwe for two nights, burning homes and cars of political rivals. Three members
of Bishop Abel Muzorewa's minority United African National Council (UANC) were
injured in attacks last week. Four houses and three cars owned by UANC supporters
were set on fire. Bishop Muzorewa was Prime Minister before Mr Mugabe led the
British colony of Rhodesia to independence as Zimbabwe on April 18, 1980. The
Zanu-PF's publicity secretary in Rusape, Mr Augustine Mudyanadzo, said Zanu-PF
youths attacked the UANC supporters because they suspected arms were hidden in
their homes.--Sapa.--AP. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 17 May 82

p 12]

CSO: 4700/1245 END

136



SOUTH AFRICA

PC RECOMMENDATIONS HIT AS DIVISIVE, DELAYING TACTIC
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 May 82 pp 4, 8

[Text] President's Council.-~Professor Ernest Marais told the President's Coun-
cil yesterday that a constitutional structure in which Black people were included
together with Whites, Coloureds and Indians could not be developed at present.

Prof Marais, chairman of the council's Scientific Committee, was speaking in the
debate on the Constitutional Committee's proposals for Central Government reform.

He believed South Africa required an inclusive politico-constitutional structure
for all its peoples.

“Our present structure forces all non-White South Africans into political defini-
tion against the Whites. This is not the reality of South Africa because the
interests of all the groups has to be tuned on one another.

"The reality is to be faced that an inclusive (including Blacks), and at the same
time 'initimate', politico-constitutional structure is impossible of being achieved
at this point of time."

This was because of the great variation of political values to be accommodated and
the great disparities, especially of a socio-economic nature, which had to be con-
tended with, and which strongly militated against an intimate political structure.

The only available alternative for a viable and inclusive structure at the present
time was a constellation of states with the emphasis on economic development lead-
ing to a confederation of states.

He understood the inadequacies of this system, which strongly militated against an
intimate political structure.

The only available alternative for a viable and inclusive structure at the pres-
ent time was a constellation of states with the emphasis on economic development
leading to a confederation of states.

Prof Marais said he understood the inadequacies of this system, but it did provide
an initial structure and a focal point from which an inclusive (including Blacks)
political evolutionary process could start in the direction of a preferred more
intimate form.

86



MARTIN KABORE: According to some Ghanaian refugees, particularly in Nigeria,
the recent coup d'etat in Ghana was the work of an ethnic group, the Ewes in
this particular case. Can you reply to that?

REVEREND DAMUAH: Those allegations are totally unfounded. They are rumors
intended to undermine and erode the Ghanaian revolution. All I know is that

the country's various tribes, through their representatives, participated in
this coup d'etat. If we look over the list of high officials, we see that they
are from the country's various tribes: the tribes of the north, the Akans,

the Gans (of the south) and other regions. I myself, a member of the Provisional
Council, am not a Ewe. On this council, only Captain Rawlings is a Ewe.

The coup d'etat was a collective work with the participation of all tribes.

MARTIN KABORE: Is it possible to know the philosophy of the present Ghanaian
revolution? In other words, can a label be given to the present government?
Some people have spoken of Marxist leanings.

REVEREND DAMUAH: I can tell you that we Ghanaians want to express our own
identity. We want to try to change our society according to our own sensi-
bility, our culture and our history. First of all, our revolution is based
on African pragmatism and the creative spirit.

I would say that our philosophy is a type of African centrism, an African cen-
trism based on African realities.

We may take something from the East or West, of course, but it must be under-
stood that every country has a socialist side, even the United States. If you
go to any country in the world, you will see that services such as the PIT
[Postal, Telephone and Telegraph Services], electricity, gas and water are in
the hands of the government. We will try to provide for the ordinary man.
Perhaps the rich will pay more. We want to govern for everyone. We are not
Marxists.

Marxism is against organized religion.

Under such conditions, how could you expect me, a catholic priest, to be part
of a Marxist government?

We particularly do not want capitalism, for capitalism is the rich against the
poor.

In this sense, we want to be very African; for example: it is your parents
who have sent you to school. When you get to be somebody, for example, you
must help your grandmother if she is sick. You know that the whites don't do
that.

MARTIN KABORE: Let's turn to the economic aspect, if you will. We know that
Ghana is one of the potentially richest countries in West Africa. For example,
it has had one of the most envied agricultural productions. One of the country's
current ills, which perhaps was the cause of the coup d'etat, is economic stag-
nation. For example, there has been a drop in agricultural production and the



[Text] CAPE TOWN. —A trans-

In a statement issued
here, Dr De Villiers said
it had come to his notice
that allegations had been
made that the maize in-

ported fertiliser was
taken into account when
the annual fertiliser
price was determined
and the benefit of cheap-
er fertiliser when the
overseas price was low,
as was the case at pres-
ent, was taken up in the
final price determination
to the benefit of all farm-

ers.

After the price for 1982
had been determined and
import permits granted
for the estimated short-
fall, the maize industry

DETAILS ON MAIZE-FERTILIZER SWAP DEAL GIVEN

approached the Govern-
ment with a request to
import fertiliser in ex-
change for maize.

After negotiations it
was agreed on February
year that such a
transaction could
take place.

It would have been un-
to other consumers
to apply the lower import
only to the benefit

maize industry.

8

of
zt
i
g&s

far below that of the ap-
proved price formulae.

Because it was of great
importance to the coun-
try that every effort be
made to reduce the large
maize surpluses, it was
agreed that this year the
maize inustry could im-
port not only the ex-
pected fertiliser short-
falls but also those for
1883.

While the maize indus-
try was an important sec-
tor of agriculture and a
large consumer of ferti-
liser, there were also
other large consumers
whose interests had to be
taken into account.

The Government could
not, for the sake of sp
parently short-term
nefits, have followed a
policy which could have
disrupted the industry
and seriously harmed the
long-term supply of ferti-
liser to the agricultural
industry.

92

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 p 8

South Africa had con-
tinuously to take into ac-
count that fact that per-
sistent efforts were
being made in the inter-
national community to

isolate the country and
cut her vital sources of
supply.

“It would be short-
sighted to enlarge our

To enable the Maize
Board to import 208 000
tons of fertiliser this
year the following ruling
had been given as a basis
for the transaction:

@ The fertiliser indus-
try was asked to cancel
all import contracts.
Cancellation fees result-
ing from that would be
reimbursed to them by
the Maize Board.

@ in this manner it
would be possible to al-
low the Maize Board to
import 60 000 tons, which
was the envisaged short-
fall for this year.

The condition was that
the Maize Board would
offer this fertiliser to the
industry at the same im-
port price applying to the
fertiliser industry.

These imports would
be a Maize Board trans-
action and all normal
risks, such as the quality
unforeseen difficulties,
would remain the re-
sponsibility of the Maize
Board.

SOUTH AFRICA

However, it was an ab-
solute condition that this
was not placed on the
market this year, causing
serious disruption, but
was - stored for next
year’s needs.

The costs and risks
would again be borne by
the Maize Board.

The fertiliser industry
would undertake distri-
bution and net returns,
after it had been sold,
would be paid to be Maize
Board for paying into
stabilisation fund.

It would not be poss-
ible to pass on this ben-
efit to other agricultural
sectors in the form of a
lower domestic price.
The 148 000 tons would
be sold by the fertiliser
industry in 1983 at the
price fixed for that year.
“TW If the consumption

of fertiliser in 1982 and
1983. was lower than esti-
mated, part of the im-
Ported stock would have
to be carried over to the
next year.

These conditions had)

drawn up with the!
clear intention of helping|
the Maize Board as far as|
possible.

“However, the Govern-|
ment cannot allow ac-|
tions which could se-
tiously disrupt the
fertiliser industry and
could in the long term be
detrimental to the agri-!
cultural industry and|
South Africa. |



TOGO

DETAILS GIVEN ON FOURTH FIVE-YEAR PLAN, 1981-1985
Paris EUROPE OUTREMER in French No 620-621, Sep-Oct 81 pp 18-20
[article by Bruno Grelon: "The 1981-1985 5-Year Plan"_7

[Text_J After steady development during the last three 5-year plans, the
Togolese economy should leap forward during the fourth economic and social
5-year plan (1981-1985) adopted last spring.

Although it was considered.a transition plan, the third plan contributed to
a real economic renewal with its diversified production plan that was bene-
ficial to the regions. In addition to its achievements in the sectors of
agricultute, communications, urban equipment, the third plan (78 percent
completed) made it possible to establish a fair number of fundamental stud-
ies, work out the technical documentation for the execution of the big pro-
jects, and complete some experimental research. A whole series of things
that willtbe useful to the fourth plan, given the official name of "Great
Achievements Plan."

The overall amount invested in the fourth plan is 368.5 billion CFA francs,
compared to 251 for the third plan (+47 percent), 145 for the second, and
75 for the first. The investments are divided between a Minimum Priority
Program (PPM) amounting to 251 Billion CFA francs andém Optional Complement-
ary Program (PCO) of 117.5 billion CFA francs. The sectors expected to re-
ceive most are rural development (116. billion), industrial, commercial, and
cottage industry development (98.6), and communications infrastructure, and
engineering for urbar development. and tourism (100.7).

Rural Development

Since agriculture is the basis of the. Togolese. economy, this is the sector
which has the greatest priority in the fourth plan. What officials have
to do is reach self-sufficiency in foodstuffs by increasing production. To
do so, the Minimum Priority Progam amounts to 66.5 billion, while the PCO
amounts to 49.8 billion CFA franes. The new policy will enable several
regions to be developed and various agro-industrial units to be set up to
process products on-site, with the objective of meeting the nation's needs,

97



FORGED DOLLAR RACKET GROWS IN BULAWAYO

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

THE racket in counterfeit $1 coins is growing in
|Bulawayo, the acting officer in charge of the
police Fraud Section, Detective Section Officer

Andrew Davies, said
yesterday.

Since publication in the
Chronicle of the police
appeal to people. to be on
the alert against bogus
coins, shops, banks and
beerhalls have been spot-
ting them and handing
‘them to the CID.

Unfortunately there is
as yet no trail leading to
the illegal mint which is
churning out the dollar
coins, but Mr Davies be-
lieves it will not be long
now before there is.

He suggests that people
keep a genuine dollar coin
handy and check all dol-
lar coins handed to them
against the genuine one.

“Sadly, it is the unso-
Phisticated Zimbabwean
who can’t afford to lose a’
dollar who is being taken
in,” Mr Davies said.

@ One of the false $20
notes that have been in the
news recently surfaced
yesterday as an exhibit in
Gweru magistrates’ court
where a man who ex-

4700/1246

changed it for two genuine
$10 notes was convicted of
forgery and uttering.

Ernest Banda (31) of
the Guinea Fowl army
camp, pleaded guilty to
forging the rote but not
Builty to uttering it. He
claimed that he had re-
turned the $10 notes the
day after the transaction.

Ag-eed facts read by the
prosecutor, Mr Barry
Munro, were that on March
26 — before the new notes
became legal tender in
April —' Banda took two
$20 note specimens and
stuck them together to
forge a $20 note. He
rubbed out the word “spe-
cimen”.

The same day he went
to the Guinea Fow] Beer-
hall and offered to ex-
change the false note and
was given two $10 notes
by Mr Emmanuel Ma-
ngera. “~> then left.

‘Magistrate Mrs Prisca
Hassan fined Banda $60
(or 30 days) and suspen-
ded a two months’ prison
sentence,

114

ZIMBABWE



The present exclusion of urban Blacks had little to do with colour, but had to do
with difference in culture and economic standards.

The Committee accepted that for the present its consociational model would not func-

tion in a very widely heterogenous situation, and had supported the general di-

rection of official policy with regard to urban blacks, although it did not support
the current situation.

The development of viable national states facilitated consociation.

The Committee's whole aim had been to increase the degree of democratisation and
its proposals, even with the present exclusion of urban Blacks, achieved this aim.

Prof de Crespigny said that this form of limited consociational democracy constitu-
ted sham reform according to some of the Report's critics.

He asked how it could be sham reform if the degree of democratisation was in fact
being extended.

cso: 4700/1245

60



SOUTH AFRICA

PW'S WATERSHED SPEECH AT SPRINGBOK REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN

[Text] spRINGBOK.—The

Prime Minister, Mr P
W Botha, has ‘im-
plicitly backed re
commendations for
sweeping changes in
the political system.
Addressing a public
meeting in Springbok
on Saturday night, he
said civilisation
would triumph in
South Africa only on
the basis of mutual
respect and justice.

It was Mr Botha’s
first speech since last
week’s report of the
'President’s Council
called for radical
changes in the coun-
try’s political system,
including granting
equal political rights to
all races except Blacks.

Mr Botha said the
Coloureds had made
great economic and so-
cial progress but still
had no political rights.

How could he justify
to the world the fact
that millions of people
did not even have con-
trol over the pavements
outside their houses, he
asked.

“Why deny other
people the opportunity
to achieve their full
rights and to control
what is precious to
them? .

“We must make our-
selves free by giving to
others, in a spirit of jus-
tice, what we demand
for ourselves,” Mr Bo-
tha said. -

in English 17 May 82 p 9

Mr Botha said in a
statement last week
the President’s
Council proposals
would be studied by the
Government and prov-
incial congresses of the
NP, adding that they
should not have a des-
tabilising effect and
should offer Whites a
sense of security and
permanency, while giv-
ing other race groups
an opportunity to re-
alise reasonable expec-
tations.

In his _ Springbok
speech Mr Botha sai
“If civilisation does
umph, we need have no
fear for the future, if it
does not, there is no law
that can possibly save
us” "

South Africa needed
the Coloured people in
the police force, Mr Bo-
tha said. When some-
body in the audience in-
terjected that that was
not true, Mr Botha said
there were, in fact,
more non-Whites than
Whites in the police
force helping to main-
tain order and stability
in the country.

A White who reachéd
the age of 18 and did his
national service guard-
ing South Africa’s bor-
ders was granted the
vote, Mr Botha added.

“If a Coloured person
gets called up, does he
have the vote? That is
why we can’t call him
up.”

66

People could not be
expected to give their
lives for their country if
they did not have a say
in the way it was run,
Mr Botha si

Many Coloured
people served yolun-
tarily on South Africa’s
borders because they
had no other father-
lund and they also gave
their lives for the coun-
try.

Two-thirds of the
workers in the coun-
try’s vital arms indus-
try were non-White.

“Must I estrange
these people, or must I
take them with me so
that the country’s se-
curity can be main-
tained?” he asked.

Was any member of
the audience prepared
to change his position
for that of a Coloured
person in South Africa.

“If you are not pre-
pared to say yes, I say
you do not have a case
against granting them
rights to fulfil them-
selves.

“If we, as National-
ists and as Afrikaners
were today in a position
where we did not have
the vote in our own
areas and could not
choose our leaders to
negotiate with others
at the municipal, prov-
incial or parliamentary
levels, would we be sat-
isfied?” Mr Botha ask-
ed.

He was answered by
a resounding “No”.

“Why deny other
people the opportunity
to achieve their full
rights and to control
what is precious to
them?” he said.

“We must make our-
selves free by giving to
others in a spirit of jus-
tice what we demand
for ourselves.” — Sapa.



MALI

PRESIDENT SUMS UP TRIP
Bamako L'ESSOR in French 17-18 Apr 82 p 1

frext The secretary general of the UDPN /Nali People's Democratic
Union/, chief of state, General Moussa Traore, returned to Bamako
Wednesday morning, after an 8-day trip in the fifth region.

General Moussa Traore, who was accompanied by his wife, was welcomed
on leaving his plane by the assistant secretary general of the UDPM,
Colonel Amadou Baba Diarra.

After playing the national anthem, the UDPM secretary reviewed the
troops who presented arms before saluting the members of the Central
Executive Committee, the government, the National Assembly, the UNTM
{National Union of Mali Workers/, the UNFM /National Union of Mali
Women7 and the UNJM {National Union of Mali Youth/.

In the interview which he granted the press on his arrival, General
Moussa Traore made an assessment of this trip in the fifth region.

MQuestion7 Mr. President, here you are at the end of a long trip
through the Mopti region. What lessons have you learned from this
trip? What are your impressions?

[Bnswer] Before speaking to you about the lessons I was able to learn
from this trip, and before giving you my impressions, I am interested
first in expressing my thanks to the people, to the political and
administrative leaders of the fifth region, to the members of the
UDPM sections in Djenne, Bankass, Koro, Douentza, Bandiagara, Youvarou,
Tenenkou and Mopti for the enthusiastic reception which was given my
delegation and myself.

As you know my various meetings with the people, with the rank and
file members, especially in the regions, always took place within the
framework of cooperation and frank dialogue to examine problems and
together find the most suitable solution. In all the areas visited,
I have conveyed to the members the message from Paris about the nec-
essary invigoration of the UDPM, after the great decisions taken by
the First Regular Conference.

11



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RHODESIAN EXAMPLE--A former deputy minister in the Prime Minister's Department in
Mr Ian Smith's Government gave a rousing address of warning to South Africa at a
"Rhodesia" evening in Roodepoort's civic centre at the weekend. Mr Ted Sutten Price,
now living in Pretoria, was a guest at a function presented by Mr Tommy Marais

the Roodepoort mayor and his wife Rina, to welcome and entertain hundreds of for-
mer Rhodesians now staying in Roodepoort. Mr Price said: "Rhodesia won the war
but not the peace." In his main address he emphasised that there was a signifi-
cant lesson to be learnt from the Rhodesian experience. He said: "To survive

in Africa and to preserve his culture and identity the White man must never, but
never, surrender the instruments of power that enable him to control his own des-
tiny. "If he does he will not be able to call his country 'home' any more."

His speech met with prolonged applause. A proposal that a Rhodesia Club be formed
in Roodepoort was enthusiastically adopted. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in
English 17 May 82 p 8]

SWAZI RAIL LINK SOON--A third mainline railway link with the Natal coast via
Swaziland is to be constructed. It will connect the Eastern Transvaal lowveld
with the harbours at Richards Bay and Durban. The chief superintendent of plan-
ning of the railways, Mr H Hagen, has announced that a 60 km stretch of railway
line is to be laid between Komatipoort and Bordergate on the northern Swaziland
border at a cost of R47-million. It will be completed by the beginning of 1985.
Work on the Swazi connection to Golel--a distance of 120 kms--will be completed
at the same time. Mr Hagen said diesel units would be used for pneumatic brake
trains of 50 trucks each, as at present the level of traffic "did not justify us-
ing an electrified line." In order to make best use of train crews, a system he
described as "novel" would be used--Swazi railways staff would operate the line
from Komatipoort to Golel.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
17 May 82 p 3]

POLICE CARS TO CISKEI--Zwelitsha.--The Republic of South Africa has donated a fleet
of cars to the Department of Police in Ciskei. In announcing the donation, Presi-
dent L L Sebe said it came through the hard work and education of the Ciskei po-
lice.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May 82 p 10]

TRANSKEIAN DETAINEES FACE TRIAL--Umtata.--Six Transkeian detainees were committed
for trial when they appeared in the Umtata Magistrate's Court yesterday on charges
under the Transkei Public Security act. They are Mr James Kati, (58), Mr Mveleli
Saliwa, (23), Mr Mzwandile Mbete, (26), Mr Mkangeli Matomela, (25), Mr Alfred Mar-
wanqana, (51), and Mr Peter Bawose King. (57). They were remanded in custody to

94



financial year.

Examination of the auditor's report confirmed the figures given by the EMASE
director general in his report: .over 8 million CFA francs (1977), compared

to a little under 70 million in profits insi978} on-the-other Hand,cover 41

million (in 1979) compared to nearly 81 million in losses in 1980.

Bearing in mind these figures, proposals put. forward by EMASE management,
and the projected 1982 accounts, the administrators made a number of recom-
mendations that will be submitted toa higher authority.. Let us just hope
that decisions finally made will get EMASE out of the state of "hibernation"
that is so harmful to our economy.

12149
cso: 4719/892

16



Blanket on Information

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 May 82 p 4

{Text]

A BLANKET ban on
all information
regarding — Namibia’s
mineral production con-
tinues to be imposed by
the SA Department of
Information, Mr Eric
Lang, outspoken local
millionaire disclosed in
Windhoek this week.

He was addressing a
public meeting in
Windhoek when — he

described the frustrations
facing anyone wanting to
research Namibia’s.
economy, its mining. sector
in particular.

All the documentation
pertaining to the taxation
of the country’s: major
mines is kept in Pretoria,
since the mines are taxed
from there, Mr Lang said.

Windhoek’s. mining. of-
fice, which -serves the
whole country is so under-
staffed. according to Mr
Lang that “they may as
-well close ship because
they are exercising no con-
trol over the mines what-
Soever:”

There are three people in
the local mining office to

. Monitof the country’s most

important economic sector,
he pointed out.

Mr Lang went on to pre-
sent a picture: of the direct
mining taxes. paid by all
mines excluding CDM and
other diamond producers.

On.total- sales of mined
products Namibian collec-;
tively (except'CDM) paid
R319000 on R91,7m in
1976, R63:000° = on
R104.3m in 1977, R1,3m.
on R126,tm in 1978, R8m
the next year on R162,4m,
R10.5m in 1980 on total
sales of R179,7, and for
the last year Mr Lang ar-
rives at an estimate of
R1.9m taxes collected on
R268m. ©

Totalised this means that
over the past six years,
Namibia has collected
R2Im on total mineral

sales of R920m, which is
2.3 percent tax.

Mr Lang emphasised
that he was not ‘drawing
any conclusions, but only
représenting figures
teceived from the Auditor

General.

“Questions that come to
mind are: how profitable or
efficient - our mining.
organizations are, what

“their net profits are and.

what dividends __ their
shareholders are receiv-
ing”, he continued.
Turning to Réssing
Uranium’s activities, . Mr
Lang said: “I am afraid my
hands -are tied by the
strategic resources legisla-
tion.”

He © reminded — his
audience, however, that
SA's General Mining Cor-.

, poration had “a R60m. in-*

‘vestment with RUL, and
went on to say: “I feel that
with an. -increase of
Govérnment consumption
expenditure of 50 percent
in 1981, the authorities
here and in SA owe us an
explanation why Réssing
still had has not paid any
taxes, while — take note —
it wilt have paid out in ex-
cess of R100m in dividends
to sharehoulders by 1981.
In the same year the com-
pany paid a non-residents
shareholders tax of 12 per-
cent amounting to R6,1m.

National Debt Level

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 14 May 82 p 4

[Text]

DID you know....?

Namibia’s national debt
has risen by an
astronomical 20-fold plus
during the past mere three
years — that is, since the
promulgation of the
National Assembly.

This was one of the
startling revelations made
to a Windhoek audience
who attended a public IG
meeting here this week, by
Mr Eric Lang, who ap-
peared as guest speaker.

According to Mr Lang
Namibia's total external
debt in 1979 was R28m,
R70,3m in 1980, R380m
last year and is expected to
be in the region of R600m
in this coming financial
year.

_ Mr Lang went on to es-
timate the —_country’s
foreign loan commitments
for the 1984/5 financial
year at R1 000m.

45

In percentage terms this
tose from 4,2 percent in
1978 to 44.9 percent for
the forthcoming year — of
the . country’s Gross
National. Product.

In other words, Namibia
is just about at the point —
and will expectedly be
there within the next month
or so — where it owes as
much as nearly half of
what it earns in one year.

All of the debt is with
SA.



Lofty Lauds Premier

THE Prime Minister,
Mr P W Botha, should
continue his initiative
to reform the country
and bring it to its sen-
ses, Mr Lofty Adams, a
Coloured leader, said
yesterday.

“Where we stand in
South Africa today is
not important. What is
important, is the direc-
tion which we face and I
believe we are facing in
the right direction,” Mr
Adams said during the
debate on the Presi-
dent’s Council’s propo-
sals for constitutional
reform.

' “Pll be failing in my
duty if I did not salute
the Prime Minister for
his initiative, for he has
nothing to gain by the

cso: 4700/1554

action he initiated and
everything to lose.”

Mr Adams criticised
threats of violence to
bring about change and
said justice would not
be achieved for the
country’s Black people
by killing off any other
group.

Referring to an ear.
lier speech in which Dr.
G Mohamed said no:
constitutional solution
was possible without
the inclusion of Blacks
purely on the basis of
their numerical majori-
ty, Mr Adams said this
was an abject capitula-
tion to fear. “I share Dr
Mohamed’s anguish,
his hopes and his de-
sires, but we cannot
achieve this desire by
mercenary methods.”

90



Then the chairman of the Maputo executive council also urged these leaders to
see that the residents paid their rent and participated in meetings with all
area residents.

He said that, in addition to the neighborhood leaders’ work, neighborhood
militias were to deny entry to strangers without safe-conduct passes for the
journey.

Tasks for the Secretaries of the Dynamizing Groups

Hama Thai instructed the GD secretaries to compile lists of all unemployed
persons in the neighborhood and supervise their participation on the Neighbor-
hood collective farm or in other productive activities.

The second task Hama Thai gave GD secretaries was to record the arrival and
departure of newcomers, when notified by neighborhood leaders.

He also ordered them to make certain that the neighborhood provisioning
committees made every effort to train the unemployed for productive work; if
the neighborhood had a collective farm, the GD secretaries were to distribute

the crops on a priority basis to the unemployed because they worked longer
than those employed.

"Let us make 1982 the year to organize and consolidate our neighborhoods,"
concluded Hama Thai.

9479
CSO: 4742/297

28



EXPANSION OF HWANGE COLLIERY REPORTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 7

[Text] THE Hwange Colliery Company is staffed and
equipped to produce a greater tonnage than is
at present required, the company’s chairman,

cso:

Sir Keith Acutt, said in

shareholders.

Demand and costs per
tonne were thus inflated
by © surplus of labour and
low productivity, a posi-
tion to be improved in the
new financial year by
natural turnover of la-
bour, said Sir Acutt.

‘The Zimbabwe Railways
had been helpful in iron-
i. out the difficulty but
movements to the north
across the border were be-
yond their control and the
sale of coke and coal there
had not been good, he
said.

“The reductions in Zim-
babw? have risen primar-

ily in the iron and steel
and ferro-alloy industries
which are suffering from
the world depressed de-
mana and price for their
products.”

It was, therefore, un-
fortunate that some sec-
tors increased their con-
sumption slightly and in
the past six months coal
and coke sales less than
estimated.

Investments had to be
reduce in order to gen-
erate cash for capital ex-
penditure, Sir Acutt said.

Lack of trained per-
sonne] had been the root
caus: of a poor per-
formance by the
eokeworks which had for
some time been working
below its rated capacity.

4700/1246

the latest report to

Subsequent in-
vestigations into the poor
performance had con-
firmed a gerious wear and
deterioration of some of
the steelworks and the
refractory brickworks.

Turn‘ng to the pro-
spects for the new finan-
cial year to February
1983, the chairman said
the colliery had started
“modest” deliveries to the
Blectricity Supply Com-
mission station -in
Hwange. The move would
ease the railway’s load as
the generation capacity
was built up, but it would
take some time before an
appreciable tonnage was
delivered to the power
station

By the end of the next
financial year an’ ex-
pansion project for the
station would be complete
and an increased drawing
on loar facilities was en-
visaged, he said.

“Provided the Zambian
Railways are able to move
the tonnages required by
our customers in Zambia
and Zaire, the outlook is
on the whole improving.”
~~ Ziane.

129

ZIMBABWE



After the renewal of the party organizations and holding the First
Regular Conference, this trip allowed me, above all, 3 years after

the one I had made in the region, to determine the degree of mobiliza-—
tion of UDPM members.

This trip also allowed me to determine the progress achieved in carry-
ing out the development projects in conformity with the economic
policy outlined by the party, a policy of internal and shared develop-
ment whose objective is the construction of a "national independent
and planned economy."

I was able to confirm on the spot the extent of the problems which
the people face, as well as their complexity.

The shortage of water, enclavement and the necessary reorganization
of agro-pastoral areas have been the main problems brought up by the
people.

In the field of agriculture, I have observed that the 1981-82 agri-
cultural harvest was better than the preceeding one. Nevertheless
rainfall was deficient in some areas and it led to a drop in yields.
These areas with a heavy shortage are already the subject of special
attention by the party and the government to supply them with grains.
I have already observed that considerable damages have been caused in
the fields by grasshoppers and especially by birds. In this specific
field, the "seed protection and crop conservation" operation will im-
prove yields, thanks to greater cooperation of the people with tech-
nicians on the subject.

As regards the problems created between farmers and cattle raisers,
after cycles of drought which have led to the narrowing of the ditches
and the premature drying of many ponds, the party and the government
are going to try to create favorable conditions for the efficient
utilization of agro-pastoral space, taking into account customs and
traditions, in the interest, understandably, of the farmers and cattle
raisers whose operations are interdependent in the development of our
country. I repeat my appeal to the people that they strive to work
in a harmonious interdependence with a spirit of tolerance and a keen
sense of cohesion and national unity.

A master plan for the development and exploitation of the area will
be drawn up.

But meanwhile the operation of the "ditches" will continue to be
organized by the annual regional conference.

Regarding combating brush fires, I have confirmed in a general way
that efforts have been made, but a great deal still remains to be done

12



attacking the Sey-
chelles that the Govern-
ment openly supported
the coup.

Col Hoare also denied
under cross-examina-
tion that he had ever
told the mercenaries at
the briefing sessions

that the American Cen-
tral Intelligence Agen-
cy (CIA) and _ the
American Government
supported the coup.

Col Hoare said that
what he had told. the
mercenaries was that if
the René Government
(at present in power in
the Seychelles) had
been toppled, the new
government would have
received its recognition
from Washington and
the Kenyan Govern-
ment.

Col Hoare admitted
under cross-examina-
tion by Mr Jansen. that
he (Col Hoare) was the
only person among the
mercenaries who knew
that arms to be used in.
toppling: the Seychelles.
Government were to be
taken on the Royat
Swazi aircraft which
flew them to the Sey-
chelles on November 25.
He agreed with Mr Jan-
sen that it was “a well
kept secret” that arms
were to go to the island.
aboard the aircraft. He
agreed that none of the
other members of the
mercenary force knew
that there. were: arms
aboard a bus which
travelled from Johan-
mesburg to’ Ermelo,
Eastern Transvaal, on.
NOvember 23 last year.

that’ there were orig-
inally three plans envi-
saged for getting the
AK4T7 rifles and other
weapons onto the Sey
chelles ': islands. . The
first was to consign

them on to a
ship. .. =

He abandoned this:
Plan’ when, he said, he
received a phone call

steam

cso: 4700/1245

from Brig Hamman of

the Defence Force,
after October 6 last
year, advising him

against this plan.

The second plan to
get arms on to the is-
land was to hire a
yacht. He also aban-
doned this plan for vari-
ous reasons.

The third plan, which
he used, was to conceal
the weapon on a Royal
Swazi aircraft.

During his lengthy
cross-examination yes-
terday Col Hoare also
claimed that there was
strong resistance to he
René-Government on
‘the Seychelles islands.
He said this knowledge
was based on evidence
it his possession.

Col Hoare also said
that one of the accused,
Sven Fosell, had been
chostr to go-en the ex-
pedition to the island
because of his mediat-
ing ability. He agreed
with Mr Jansen that Mr
Fosell had never been
armed during the abor-
tive coup. In fact, he
(Col Hoare) was
amazed when his men
attacked the local army
barracks to find Fosell
among the group un-
armed.

He had decided to
take Fosell along be-
cause if the René Gov-
ernment had been over-
thrown, Fosell would
have made a good
spokesman.

Col Hoare, when ask-
ed by the judge, said
that five men among
the accused had accom-
panied him on previous
missions. They were
Peter Duffy, Patric Eu-
relle, Tulio Monetta,
Kurt Priefert and Peter
Rohwein. J

Mr Justice’ James
asked Col Hoare
whether he had any
clear contingency plans
in getting the men off
the island if the coup
failed, as in fact it did,
and whether he had dis-
cussed these plans with
the mercenaries before
they left. Col Hoare re-
plied that as far as he

could remember only
one of his men had put
a question to him about
leaving the island if the
coup failed.

He agreed with Mr
Justice James that, as a

last'resort perhaps, he
would have seized the
Royal Swazi aircraft
which was parked at
the Mahé Airport while
the battle raged on
November 25. He said
although the pilot of
that aircraft had gone
through customs and
was already staying in
one of the island’s
hotels he had pilots
among his own men.

Col Hoare also empha-
sised that he never
wanted to abandon the
mission but was per-
suaded to do so because
the element of surprise
was no longer there and
also because there was
a danger of many of his
men -being killed be-
cause of this.

Col Hoare was told by
Mr Oosthuizen that one
of the accused, Peter
Doorbaard would say
later in evidence that
he was not near the
command headquarters
when the battle was
raging. Also another of
the accused, Vernon
Prinsloo, would say
that he conveyed a
message to Col Hoare
early in the evening
that a flight was ap-
proaching the airport.
Col Hoare replied: “In
both cases this might be
possible.”

Earlier in proceed-
ings yesterday Mr Jus-
tice James again ex-
plained to two of. the
accused, Kurt Priefert
and Kay Kelly, who are

conducting their own’

defences what their
rights were in court. He
said they had the right
to cross-examine every
defence witness. He
would give guidance or”
this matter.

Mr Justice James

also told the court yes-
terday that he had ac

56

cepted an explanation
from a Johannesburg
attorney, Mr Chummy
Hurwitz, why he had
withdrawn from the
case without notifying
the court. Mr Hurwitz
was the instructing
attorney to Mr Hannon.

The. trial will resume
at 10 am today.

PIETERMARITZ-
BURG. — Colonel Mike
Hoare, told The Citizen
yesterday that he
oh have to think
hard” about whether he
would subpoena various
South African Govern-
ment officials men-
tioned in the Pieter-
maritzburg hijack rial.

‘ol Hoare said after
the court adjourned yes-
terday that he had lis-
tened to the judge’s ad-
vice from the Bench
carefully. Mr Justice
James had told him in
court that by subpoenae-
ing those witnesses he
could prejudice his own
case.

Col Hoare said that he
would consult legal
opinion and consult
some non-interested
bodies before he finally
made a decision.

He said that he was no
longer in a position to
have counsel to conduct
his defence because he
was lacking funds.



PRETORIA SHUTS OUT SADCC MIGRANTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 6 May 82 p 10

[Text] IN what is seen as a

cso:

further indication of
the ‘deteriorating rela-
tions between South
Africa and Zimbabwe,
thousands . of _ black
Zimbabweans | working,
‘in South Africa are
being repatriated.

The latest and most cal-
lous case of repatriation is
that of Mr Philemon
Sithole, who has worked
and lived in the country
for the past 25 years.

Mr Sithole, a 54-year-
old father of 10 children,
was arrested at his home,
on the farm of his em-
ployer in the Brits district
of the Transvaal, and
repatriated last week.

Mr Sithole had to leave
behind ‘is wife and chil-
dren, ranging in age from
four to 24.

His employer, Mr Piet
Hamman, . who considers
himself as a stacnch sup-

rter of the ruling

ational Party, described
the treatment meted out
to his employee as “ab-
solutely bestial”, Mr Ham-
man said that Mr Sithole
had started work for him
11 years ago and was a
very good worker who had
learnt many skills, in-
cluding and
painting.

For many years he tried
to get permanent residence

4700/1246

status for Mr Sithole but
on each occasion the
authorities put him on a
two-year contract.

“When the last contract

expired, the police came
to arrest him without any
warning. They did not
even give him time to sell
his few assets so that he
could get enough money
to take his family with
him to Zimbabwe,” Mr
Hamman said.

Mrs Sithole said she had
not heard from her hus-
band since he was de-
ported last week. He had
promised ‘her. that he
would plead with the
authorities to allow him to
take his family with him
within three weeks.

Meanwhile, following
the widespread publicity
given to the Sithole case,
a Department of Foreign
Affairs spokesman said in
Pretoria ‘that every at-
tempt was being made to
ensure that Mrs. Sithole
and her children would
join her husband in Zim-
babwe,

‘The spokesman said the
Zimbabwean _ authorities
would have .to decide
whether.or not to accept
the Sithole family. Mrs
Sithole and her children

are all South African-
born.
Observers in South

Africa are of the view
that the Pretoria govern-
ment has adopted a
“retaliatory attitude’’
because of a state-
ment by the Zimbabwean
Minister of Labour and
Social Services, Mp Kum-
birai Kangal, that his
Government was opposed

to Zimbabweans working
in South Africa, although
the Government could not
stop. individuals from
seeking work in South

Most Zimbabweans
‘have, im the » been
recruited as “cheap mi-
grant workers” to work
on the mines. But, now
the Pretoria authorities
are not renewing any
more contracts and are
repatriating the workers.
_South Africa, which also

uses.a large number of
migrant workers from
Mozambique, Malawi,
Lesotho, Swaziland and

cided to reduce recruit-
ment of workers from
these territories.

It has now been decided
to use workers from the
bantustans, which are
nothing more _ than
“reservoirs of cheap -la-
bour” for the mines, in-
dustries and cities of
South Africa.

Africa,

126

ZIMBABWE



HISTORY OF THE SHONA UNRAVELLED

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 May 82 p4

[Text]

cso:

A NEW book on the
‘origin .of the Sliona
will be published next

month.

Its author, “headmaster.
of Goromonzt School,
Mr_ Aeneas’ Chigwedere,
yesterday told a National
Affairs meeting in Harare
that Shona history was a
vast subject of great

interest.

“T have put it together
and hope that you will be
able to see it in book form
by the end of the coming
month.”

Mr Chigwedere has
written another book cal-
led From Rhodesia to
Monomatapa.

He sald there had been
two serious mintales ip
attempts to unravel the
history of the Shona.

These were that each
Shona . community
been treated in faolation
and that the Shona had
also been treated in the
same way as if there had
been a human vacuum in
this country before it was
colonised.

Another had been that
Shonas were unrelated to
other Bantu communities
Jn Africa or that they had
not been influenced by
other African com-
munities and that they did
not Influence these com-
munities,

‘The final verdict comes
trom analysing all and not
just the Shona group. So
today by analysing the
origins of the Shona, we
also automatically
analysing the origins of

4700/1246

the Ndebele whether they
Ike it or not,” he said.

‘The Bantu originally
eame from the Nile Valley
In the Egyptian province
of Azania, Nubia or Kush
which was pert of the
Sudan Republic of today,
he said,

‘Their ancestors were
the Negroes of history
who were very closely

related. to the
Egyptians.”

Mr Chigwedere listed
some Bantu cultural traits
which, he said, proved
that they had come from
the ‘Nile Valley in Bast
Africa:

@ All who migrated to
the rest of Africa had
fron-age technology which
was a feature of the Kush
in the Sudan.

@ Chiefs and kings were
divine rulers.

@ They had a knowledge
of dry-stone building and
terracing.

Today all Bantu speak
related fanguages.

@ AN Bantu from the
southern tip of the con-
tinent to West Africa
show by their traditions
that they originally came
from north-east Africa.

@ They were mostly
Christian when they left
north-east Africa and ar-
chaeology and African rel-
igion have proved this.

Mr Chigwedere aaid the
Bantu were divided into
three closely _related
families or tribes by the

ancient

time they left" East

Africa.
“It has been our faflure
discover this early
110

structure of the Bantu
that has baffled our ef-
forts to identify the
Shona, Ndebele or any
other. This ts indeed a key
factor in discovering the
origin ofthe Shona,” he
said.

The three families were
the Dzive, Tonga and
Soko. It was segments of
these three original
families that populated all
Bantu Africa, including
Zimbabwe. ‘

He said Bantu Africa
could stil! be reduced to
the three origina) tribes
or families and that
enabled him to discover
the origins of the Shona.

Today Shona refers to
all Africans in Zimbabwe
except the Ndebele, he

said.
According to Mr Chig-

wedere, about 85 percent
of Zimbabwe's population
consists of descendants of
the Mbire who formed
part of the Soko family.

Six percent consisted of
segments of the Dziva
family while two percent
formed Tonga com.
munities. He said about
two percent had Moham
medan origins,

Mr _Chigwedere — saic
“true Ndebele” made uy
about five percent of the
total Zimbabwe pop:
ulation.

All three great) Bantu
famille: were represented
in South Africa, while
Mozambique like Zim-
babwe and Namibia was
almost totally a Tonga
country, he said.

Zaire. Zambia and Ang-
ola were historically

ZIMBABWE

similar because the major-
Ity of the: Bantu people
who migrated to Zambia
and Angola came from the
Congo.

‘I have done this
marathon with you across
Africa to prove to you
that Zimbabwe {s not un-
ique in Africa in its ethnic
composition, It is a mi-
crocosm of Bantu Africa,

“Tf we had known this
earlier, we would not have
found our history so baff-
ling.”

Mr Chigwedere said
tha the “African trinity”
was commemorated all
over Africa, “There ts
nothing that demonstrates
this original trinity of the
Bantu better’ than their
traditions.”

These traditions in-
eluded cooking in three-
legged pots, greeting,
clapping of hands and
ululating = which were
being done in rythms of
threes.

Mr Chigwedere said the
Shona have a _ riddle
“Mutatu mutatu
wakapedza nyika" (the
trinity that ‘covers the
whole country), — which
was a reference to the
firestones which were
always in threes.



ZAPU DISOWNS NEW CABINET POSTS

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 May 82 p 3

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

PF-ZAPU has resolved to dissociate itself from the recent appointment

to Cabinet positions of some of its members, the publicity secretary of the
party said yesterday.

Speaking on behslf of i
the central committee of
PF-ZAPU, Mr Munetsi
Nziramasanga said

ministerial
the a

‘The appointment of PF-
ZAPU members to

contradiction of

dissociate
the
posts was

the

itself
procedure and the
appointments which had
been made, he said.

from

decision had been made at
a committee meeting on
Saturday.

Meeting in regular ses-
sion at the Magwegwe
Hall and chaired by the
party president, Dr Nko-
mo, the central committee
considered the issue of the
recent Cabinet reshuffle
made by the Prime Min-

understanding of mutual
consultation between the
party and the Govern-
ment, said Mr Nzirama-
sanga.

It was therefore re-
golved that the central
committee of PF-ZAPU

“The appointments do
not have the blessing of
the party,” he said:

The central committee
resolved, however, that
those members of PF-
ZAPU who had not been
expelled from the Govern-
ment should remain in
their positions,

ister.

Party Accused of Double Standard

A CABINET minister and
ZAPU official has said his
party was using “double
standards” by refusing to
support his appointment
as a Government minister.
Dr Callistus Ndlovu, the
Minister of Construction,
said here yesterday that
vhe fully conceded the right
of the ZAPU central com-
mittee to dissociate itself
from his appointment.
But he said that, in tak-
ing the stand, the central
committee was employing
double standards since the
committee had endorsed

CSO: 4700/1246

and approved the appoint-
ment of three other ZAPU

members in the Prime
Minister, Mr Mugabe's
Cabinet.

‘Dr Ndlovu sald he was
at Saturday’s meeting in
Bulawayo at which the
central committee decided
to dissociate itself from
the two latest appoint-
ments, his own and that of
Miss ‘Jane Ngwenya as
Deputy Minister of Man-
power Planning and
Development.

“A minority at the meet-
ing held the view I hold,
that though within their
rights, the committee was

erfiploying double stand-
ards,” he said.
The committee had
taken its stand on the
nds that the Prime
Minister had not consulted

APU.

‘The committee said this
was not the case when
three ZAPU ministers
were appointed earlier.

Br Ndlovu said: “I do
not believe in the present
circumstances there can
be and will be consultation
between Mr Mugabe and
Dr Joshua Nkomo. I ac-
cepted the appointment
because I believed it was
not possible for any con-
sultation to take place.

112

“T know there are many
people disturbed because I
accepted the appointment,
but it is only a matter of
time before they realise
they are making a mis-
take.”



ZANLA's Co-Op Lesson Bears Fruit

(THE HERALD, 7 May 82) ..c.sseceaeeeeae eee eeeeeenee bee 119
Youths To Be Armed, Says PM

(THE HERALD, 10 May 82) ....ccssececscececeececuseees dene 120
Details on Income Tax Revenue Reported

(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) ...ccscecccceceesuee see eee eeneee 121
Disputes Over Name Changes Erupt

(Editorial; THE HERALD, 7 May 82) ...... see eeeeeeeeeee sae 122
State Maps Out Rural Growth Plan

(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) ....... Sheen eee ee ee eee see eeeeeee 123
Matusa To Submit Parliamentary Reform Proposals

(THE HERALD, 7 May 82) ....sseeeeeee ence eeeeane se eeeeee 124
Exile Graduates Finding Employment

(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) . 125
Pretoria Shuts Out SADCC Migrants

(THE HERALD, 6 May 82) . 126
Commercial Banks' Assets Increase

(THE HERALD, 6 May 82) oe 127
Proposed Study of Coal Resources Attracts Interest

(THE HERALD, 6 May 82) ...... beac eeees 128
Expansion of Hwange Colliery Reported

(THE HERALD, 6 May 82) ........ See e eee neeene been eeeeee 129
Commentary on VoterRegistration Announcement

(Editorial; THE HERALD, 11 May 82) .....scscsececececeeece 130
Use Your Freedom To Help the Less Priviledged, Says Mubako

(THE HERALD, 11 May 82) .........005 sate eeeeeeeee se eeeeees 131
Briefs

Beef Price Rise 132

Railways Shake-Up 132

Manpower Study Group 132

Coal Sales 133

Maize Handling Depot 133

State Frees Detainees 133

Whites Join ZANU (PF) 133

Black Farmers Hit 133

Switch to ZANU (PF) 134

Detention Procedure Explained 134

Black Voter's Registration 134

Youth Brigades 134

Indian Trade Delegation 134

-f-



COLOURED MEMBER OF PC PRAISES GROUP AREAS ACT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 p 4

[From the "Parliament" page]

[Text]

PRESIDENT’S
COUNCIL. — The
Group Areas Act had
Positive as well as
negative attributes,
Mr S B Mentor, a
Coloured member of
the President’s Coun-
cil, said yesterday. He
was speaking in the
debate on the report
of the council’s Plan-
ning and Community
Relations. Commit-
tees on the Group
Areas Act.

The committees have
recommended that the
Act should not be re-
pealed at this stage but
should be revised and
that Coloured and
Asian people should
serve on bodies apply-
ing the Act.

‘Mr Mentor said many
aspects of the Group
Areas Act were repug-
nant and there might

be more negative than
positive aspects in the
act, but its positive as-
pects could not be de-
nied.

On the negative side
people of colour knew
the Act as an onslaught
on their freedom of
choice of residential
areas and their free-
dom to trade and enjoy
common cultural enter-
tainment.

On the positive side
the Act had encouraged
home ownership and all
the benefits of home
ownership for the
Coloured. and Indian
populations.

The positive aspects
of the Act should be re-
tained while the aspects
that were restrictive or
depressive had to be re-
moved or changed so
that the aspirations
and expectations of the
people involved could

be satisfied.

Introducing the de-
bate the chairman of
the joint committee, Mr
Braam Raubenheimer,
said he was aware of
the strong emotions
and criticism surround-
ing the Act and its ap-
plication, but he was
convinced that with
changes to the Act and
its sympathetic applica-
tion with co-operation
between © Whites,
Coloureds and Indians
there was no better so-
lution for the country’s
problems.

“Tt is my conviction
that repealing the
Group Areas Act is not
the answer to our prob-
lems.”

He said if the Act
could be revised and ap-
plied with fairness, jus-
tice, sensitivity and co-
operation it was still
the best solution for

the problem of protec-
tion of population
groups, especially of
minority groups and
underdeveloped groups.

“To those of you who
think that their expec-
tations are not satisfied
I want to sound a warn-
ing that we must guard
against over simplifica-
tion of the problem in a
multi-ethnic society.

“The rights and pref-
erences and- also the
stages of development
of minorities in our
country cannot be ig-
nored.””

Mr Raubenheimer
noted that official Gov-
ernment policy was
that South African so-
ciety could best be or-
dered and served on the
basis of segregated
residential areas as a
traditional way of life.

Mr Raubenheimer
said he believed that
the principle and the
application of the Act
had often been unjustly
criticised and presented
but also that the appli-
cation had not always
been done with the
mecessary co-operation
and compassion. The
recommendations _in
the report should not
be seen as final.

They were aimed at
opening doors for fur-
ther reform and refine-

88

SOUTH AFRICA

ment with the co-opera-
tion of the Coloured,

Indian and Chinese
communities.
“Our recommenda-

tions are aimed at cre-
ating better opportu-
nities so that through
joint responsibility the
contents of the Act can
be made more accept-
able and its application
can lead to greater sat-
isfaction for everyone.”

Mr Raubenheimer
said that although the
report contained: noth-
ing about so-called grey
or open areas the com-
mittee had discussed
the matter.

“It is however clear
to me that the creation
of such areas in exist-
ing residential regions
will have an adverse ef-
fect on the established
interests of individuals
and communities.

It was also not clear
how such areas could be
established and precise-
ly who could live in
them.

In evidence to the
committee concerning
District Six the Cape
Town City Council for
example, had stated
that Blacks would not
be permitted to live in
such an open area.

Mr Raubenheimer
said that while he did
mot see such open or
grey areas as a solution



For these individuals, to be "developed" means not meeting the production
quota for the farm plot because the "ministry" did not import the machinery.
It means shutting down the plant because it hasn't occurred to anyone that we
could probably produce the spare part to replace the one that wore out.

To be "developed" is to believe that any solution based on our own creativity
and resources is bound to be "inferior."

In their struggle against poverty and for the preservation of their independ-
ence, many other peoples have adopted the attitude of the Indians.

This is the attitude that we must spread throughout our country, nourished by
the burgeoning wellsprings of our history that have restored to us this
plundered and despoiled land. This is the attitude that we already learned,
from Nachingwea to Maputo, in the armed struggle for liberation. We cannot
allow it to be snuffed out by the believers in this religion called tech-
nocracy.

6362
cso: = 4742/301

33



DETAILS ON INCOME TAX REVENUE REPORTED

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 May 82 p 1

[Text] INCOME TAX charged to individuals and com-
panies in Zimbabwe in the last fiscal year
totalled $361,7 million, which was $92,3 million

cso:

more than in the
previous year.

This was shown in the
Annual Income Tax re-
port released yesterday by
the Central Statistical
Office,

‘The report also showed
that the median taxable
income for individuals
rose to $8171 in the year
1980/81 compared to
$7518 for the previous
period,

‘The taxable income of
the 90042 individuals as-
sessed was $856,2 million,
which yielded $170 million
after $303,5 million in
abatements,

One hundred and thirty-
nine more companies were
assessed for income tax
‘than in 1979/80, and the
tax from 5384 companies
inereas>* by about 40 per-
cent in the same period to
$189,5 million, with a fur-
ther $2,2 million in branch
profits tax.

The number of com-
panies which submitted
Tosses dropped from 6597
in 1979/80 to 6572 last
year with a resultant de-
crease in losses by almost
$3 million to $69 million.

‘Taxable income for in-
dividuals rose by 13 per-
cent over the comparable

4700/1246

figure the previous year,

. The increase was only 1,5

Percent in 1979/80.
Similarly with com-
panies, the taxable income
showed a growth of 38,7
percent since the previous

‘year, during which perlod
‘it grew by only 7,8 per-

cent. :
Of the total taxable
income for individuals . the
largest slice was earned
from salaries and wages
— $751 million, with ser-
vices (notably medical)
the ' second largest at
$29,8 million, and agricul-
ture third on $16,6 mil-

"fining and 4
paid about nea million
Tcome tax; textiles, cloth-
ing and footwear also
about $14 beset while
drink and tobacco con-
ton about $10 mil-

Hotels and restaurants
were way down the list
ef ,lngome tax payers on

‘The wages ard salaries
of wives in employment
added some §7%,6 million
to the total family tax-
able income of $687,2 mil-
jon:

121

ZIMBABWE



August 3. At a previous hearing last month the magistrate, Mr David Houston-Barnes,
said the Attorney-General had given a directive that the six accused be refused
bail as this was a security matter. Defence counsel, Mr Prince Madikizela, told
the court he had discussed with the Attorney-General the question of the accused
being kept in solitary confinement after they had been charged. He said the At-
torney-General had promised to make a decision on the matter too, after he had con-
ferred with the head of the investigating team, Lieutenant Spalding Dengana.--
Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 May 82 p 10]

VENDA CABINET QUITS CASINO--Thohoyandou (Venda) .--Venda Cabinet Ministers had re-
signed from the directorate of Upsurge Investments (Elephant Head Casino), the
Minister of Economic Affairs, Mr F N Ravele, said yesterday. Mr Ravele was reac-
ting to a report in a Johannesburg newspaper on May 14. "On May 7, 1982, I and ny
cabinet colleagues were approached to become directors of Upsurge Investments
(Elephant Head Casino)," he said. "We signed the relevant documents, which were

lodged at the Registrar of Companies."--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 18 May 82 p 11]

‘COMMUNISM' DEFINITION--The Progressive Federal Party yesterday failed in a bid to
amend the first clause of the Internal Security Bill which defines the term "com-
munism." Speaking in committee on the Bill, Mr MA Tarr (PFP, Pietermaritzburg
South), moved to insert the words "by violent means" after the last word of the
definition which reads as follows: on, has developed from, or is related to the
tenets of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, or Mao Tse-Tung, or of any other recognised
theorist in connection with or exponents of those tenets and which aims at establish-
ing any form of socialism or collective owenrship." According to Mr Tarr, the
amendment would pinpoint the definition "communism" far more clearly. The Bill,
introduced by the Minister of Law and Order, Mr Louis le Grange, provides for the
security of the State and maintenance of law and order. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 p 4]

RIVE AIDS BLACKS--Cape Town.--The Cabinet has appointed Mr Louis Rive to advise

the Minister of Co-operation and Development, Dr Piet Koornhof, on ways of improving
the circumstances of Black people living in the Eastern Cape. The appointment of
Mr River, who was responsible for co-ordinating the electrification of Soweto, was
decided by the Cabinet and would be on an ad hoc basis, Dr Koornhof said in a state-
ment. In consultation with all parties involved, Mr Rive would advise the Minister
on steps that could be taken departmentally. East London, King William's Town,
Grahamstown and Port Elizabeth/Uitenhage would receive priority. Mr Donald Card,
chairman of the industrial portfolio of the East London City Council, said the
Linde Commission had already recommended that more than R450-million should be
spent on improving facilities for Blacks in the region, and Mr. Rive's investiga-
tions would help to establish priorities.--Sapa. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 20 May 82 p 11]

VACANCIES AT TED--More than 20 percent of the administrative and clerical posts at
the Transvaal Education Department's head office are currently vacant. This was re-
vealed by Mr S J Schoeman, MEC in charge of education while replying to a question
from Mr Peter Nixon (PFP) during the Provincial Council session yesterday. At
present 103 of the 500 administrative and clerical posts were vacant, he said.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 20 May 82 p 10]

95



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

OPEC LOAN RATIFIED--The Council of Ministers has just ratified the loan
agreement signed between the People's Republic of Mozambique and the OPEC
Fund for International Development, mentioned in the resolution published in
the BOLETIM DA REPUBLICA. The agreement for $2.3 million (approximately 85.1
meticals) was signed in Vienna, Austria, in January 1982; the money will
finance preliminary studies to survey coal reserves in the Mucanha-Vuzi

region, Tete Province. [Text] [Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 18 Apr 82 p 1]
9479

NETHERLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION--The National Water Administration, the
CETA consortium and the Dutch firm INTERBETON-NBM signed a cooperation agree-
ment in the capital on 27 April 1982 to repair the drainage area of "A" basin
of the city of Maputo. "I am very pleased by the aid that the Government of
the Netherlands has given my sector," said Arnaldo L. Pereira, national water
director. He called the contract with the Dutch firm a decisive step in
implementing the important project to drain the "A basin. Subsequently,
Lopes Pereira briefly reviewed Dutch aid to the water sector. He stressed
the social and economic benefits of the cooperation agreement; the Dutch
Government will finance this project. The director said that other projects
which will benefit Mozambique greatly will be carried out by 1986. The esti-
mated cost of these projects is more than 1.1 million contos. He signed the
document for the Mozambican party while Karel J. Dijkstra signed for the
Dutch side. Tjaco T. van den Hout, Netherlands' charge d'affairs, attended
the ceremony and stressed his country's willingness to continue to aid the
People's Republic of Mozambique's development projects, especially in this
sector. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Apr 82 p 8] 9479

RAIN DAMAGE TO NACALA PORT--Continuing torrential rains in the city of Nacala
have made it difficult to operate the railroad-port complex there. The move-
ment of convoys and handling of goods in transit have already been disrupted,
according to sources connected with the sector in Nampula. The railroads

and some railroad cars have been flooded and may remain so for several days;
it is not certain that the strategic goods in some cars can be preserved. The
ENACOMO warehouses in Nacala are overloaded with goods which must be moved out.
Efforts are being made to ensure that the goods do not spoil. The heavy rain-
fall in Nacala seriously damaged the city's central electric generators and
the cement factory there cannot operate, lacking energy. Salomao Munguambe,
minister of foreign trade, personally inspected some of the damage during his
recent visit to that city. [Text] Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Apr 82

p 10] 9479

36