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JPRS 81818

22 September 1982

Worldwide Report

LAW OF THE SEA

No. 209

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JPRS 81818

22 September 1982

WORLDWIDE REPORT

LAW OF THE SEA

No. 209

CONTENTS

WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

Briefs

Vietnam-USSR Fishing Cooperation

-ASIA

INDONESIA

United States Erred in Refusing To Sign Convention

(KOMPAS, 16 Jul 82)...

NEW ZEALAND

Government Allocations of Deepwater Fishing Rights Bared

(THE NEW "ZEALAND HERALD, 30, 31 Jul 82, THE EVENING

POST, 29 Jul 82)

Management Controls

Other Regulations

Comp any, .Complain ts

PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Reports on NPC Standing Committee Session

(XINHUA, 19 Aug 82, XINHUA Domestic Service, 19 Aug 82).

Marine Protection Law Explained

Further on Marine Law

-a - [III - WW - 136]

t
LATIN AMERICA

CHILE

Pinochet Discusses Law of the Sea Issues

(Santiago Diplomatic Information Service, 19 Aug 82)..

PERU

Foreign Minister on Law of Sea, Andean Pact

(EL COMERCIO, 18 Aug 82)

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

MOZAMBIQUE

Briefs

Illegally Fishing Vessel Fined 10

WEST EUROPE

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Briefs

Iceland, Faeroes Capelin Agreement 11

DENMARK

Briefs

EC Charge of Illegal Fishing 12

DENMARK/GREENLAND

EC Commission Expected To Enlarge Cod Quota off West Coast

of Greenland

(GR0NLANDSPOSTEN, 11 Aug 82) 13

RG Starts Fishing off West Greenland Without EC Decision

(BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 26 Aug 82) 14

Lynx Helicopter Expected To Aid Fisheries

(GR0NLANDSPOSTEN, 11 Aug 82) 16

ICELAND

Paper Comments on U.S. Decision To Reject LOS Treaty

(Editorial; MORGUNBLADID, 14 Jul 82) 18

- b -
WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

VIETNAM-USSR FISHING COOPERATION—Since early this year, the Haiphong branch of

the Central Marine Products Corporation has received 1,600 tons of sea fish from

various Soviet trawlers under a program of cooperation between Vietnam and the

Soviet Union. This volume of fish exceeds the plan set for 1982 by more than

100 percent. lHanoi Domestic Service in Vietnamese 1430 GMT 21 Aug 82 BKJ

CSO: 5200/2114
INDONESIA

UNITED STATES ERRED IN REFUSING TO SIGN CONVENTION

Jakarta KOMPAS in Indonesian 16 Jul 82 pp 1, 12

[Text] The American government will not profit from its refusal to sign the

Law of the Sea convention. The United States must broaden its thinking in

connection with the international Law of the Sea. Jusuf Wanandi of the Center

for Strategic and International Studies expressed this opinion to KOMPAS,

regarding the American refusal to sign the Law of the Sea agreement.

Before traveling to Nicosia, Cyprus to attend a meeting of nonaligned foreign

ministers, Foreign Minister Kusumaatmadja said he will express his disappointment to President Reagan, who refused to sign the convention. The Foreign

Minister finds it difficult to understand the reasons behind the American

refusal to sign the Law of the Sea convention, which is the product of years

of study.

According to Jusuf Wanandi, the convention is actually in keeping with American

interests as a superpower. The convention gives the United States freedom in

strategic military matters in international waters, subject to certain conditions.

"The United States erred in refusing to sign the Law of the Sea convention,"

said Jusuf Wanandi. "Does the United States feel more secure in traversing the

waters of other nations without subscribing to the Law of the Sea?", Jusuf

asked. He answered his own question, "I suppose, of course, the United States,

as a great power, can enforce its wishes to carry out undersea exploration and

exploitation. But this will upset other nations. This means the United States

will not feel secure in carrying out such efforts."

"Although the United States plans to sign a mini-agreement with its allies,

will this guarantee that American industrialists will dare to carry out undersea efforts? Definitely notj Those industrialists will be concerned about

security in the progress of other operations," Jusuf Wanandi continued.

Actually, the United States is influenced by private enterprise, and by Ronald

Reagan's "free market ideology." They fear subscribing to the agreement will

limit exploration by American enterprises. However, if the United States signs

the agreement, it will actually guarantee the security of her undersea mining

efforts .
Japan and France, two technologically advanced nations who agree with the Law

of the Sea, will profit by replacing the American position. Japan and France

will carry out exploitation. If that happens, American enterprises will have

to share with the enterprises of those two nations. The Law of the Sea is

really in keeping with American national interests, particularly with regard to

the strategic military aspect, and it will not curtail the American role in

exploitation.

The American delegation to the Law of the Sea conference last March in New

York made a proposal. This was the means to completely disrupt the draft convention which was the product of the labors of the majority of the nations of

the world. The Group of 77 carefully studied the proposal. All sides want

the convention to be signed in September. And, according to plan, the treaty

will be ratified in Caracas, Venezuela at the end of the year.

The United States stressed the question of mining in international waters.

Third world nations wanted such mining to be managed by a body under UN authority, with all humanity sharing in ,the benefits. The United States did not agree.

Indonesia is stubbornly fighting for the international Law of the Sea. Our

"Archipelago Concept" is no longer a problem in the draft convention. But

Indonesia will be very pleased when the United States, as a great power, joins

it. Of course, Indonesia is an interested party in regard to the Archipelago

Concept. With this concept, our exclusive economic zone and our vital waters

will receive international recognition.

9197

CSO: 5200/8213
NEW ZEALAND

GOVERNMENT ALLOCATIONS OF DEEPWATER FISHING RIGHTS BARED

Management Controls

Auckland THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD in English 30 Jul 82 p 3

[ Text] Government t aUcwitöons

of ^fishing riglits'# iNew

Zealand's deep-water' fishery resource should be the

subject of some hard talking within the industry

over the next few weeks..

Although , most of the

country's major fishing company leaders declined to

comment in detail on'the allocations last night,, some

privately expressed disappointment.

Hie document containing

the announcement of the allocations proposes administrative allocation of fishing

rights to the' country's deepwater fishery resources.' «*

Nine Firms

Under the Government's

plan, nine major New Zealand companies will be given

specific catch allocations and

a further allocation will be

made to cover owneroperator fishermen on a

competitive basis.

\ The allocations to the nine

big companies were decided

on the basis of historical performance and investment in

the industry.

It was understood last

night that the nine companies' allocation amounted

to 112,000 tonnes while the

owner-operators had been allocated 17,000 tonnes.of seven

species of deep-water fish

resource.

The percentages of the

tonnage allocated to the

major companies are: Sealord Products Ltd, Nelson,

21..6 per cent; Fletcher Fishing Ltd, Auckland, 17.5 per

cent; Sanford Ltd, Auckland,

16.9 per cent; Feron Seafoods

Ltd, Timaru, 6.4 per cent;

Skeggs Foods Ltd, Dunedin.

5.6 per cent; Wanganui

Trawlers Ltd, 5.3 per cent;

Amaltal, 4.8 per cent; Jaybel

Nichimo Ltd. Auckland, 4.8

per cent; Watties. 3.9 per

cent.

Big Vessels

•The proposals state the

fishing rights would be allocated . for 10 years to give

successful applicants assured

access over a period long

enough to enable them to

plan their investment and

effort in reasonable confidence.

•Dealing with fishing management controls, the document says it it essential that

large vessels .should not be

permitted to fish inshore

waters.

It is proposed that all vessels of 40 metres overall

length or more be excluded

from the 12 nautical miles of

territorial sea and other

areas closed to foreign trawling.

The total allowable catch

aggregate, including squid,

is about 350,000 tonnes. In

1981 the deep-water fleet

caught about 164,000 tonnes.

Meanwhile, a fisheries

management area to protect

young fish stocks in the Bay

of Plenty was declared by

the Minister of Fisheries, Mr

Maclntyre, yesterday.

The major regulation

changes were designed to

control overfishing of juvenile fish stocks, he said.

Three nursery areas have

been created in which all

Danish seining and trawling

are prohibited from January

1 to April 30 next year.

The management area

extends from the Needles at

Great Barrier Island to East

Cape. The nursery,areas are

at Kennedy Bay and between

Haurere Pt and Te Kaha Pt,

and also at Waikawa Pt and

Orete Pt.

At Pegasus Bay the nursery area has been extended from Kairaki north of the

Waimakariri River to the

east head of Okains Bay.

Herald Reporter and Press

Association
Other Regulations

Wellington THE EVENING POST in English 29 Jul 82 p 4

[Text] The Government has

decided to make it illegal

for fishing craft to carry

under-sized-mesh nets. ,

The decision is the effect

of one of several amendments to the Fisheries (General) Regulations, 1950,

gazetted today.

Announcing these, the

Minister of Agriculture and.

Fisheries, Mr Maclntyre,

said that previously it was

illegal to use under-sizedmesh, but there were no restrictions on carrying it.

''This should make.the

regulations easier to enforce," he said.

The possession of undersized scallops has also been

made illegal by way of a

new regulation.

However, details of the

penalties for both new offences were not available by

press time.

The regulations also set

new quota limits for hake,

silver warehou, and orange

roughy. ....

New regulations, the minister said, had been added on

the taking of hoki, oreo dory

and ling, giving effect to special limits set by the cabinet

economic committee in

March.-

. Quota details were also

unavailable.

.' .. "The regulations also require domestic vessels

catching species under quota

restriction outside the 12-

mile territorial sea to report

to the director-general (of

agriculture and fisheries) in

r the same way as joint-venHture and foreign-licensed

''vessels," he said.

Vessel position and species catch records were

needed if the fishery was to

be properly managed.

Company Complaints

Auckland THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD in English 31 Jul 82 p 1

[Text] Fletcher Fishing Ltd.

says it may be forced to

sell two trawlers imported

to New Zealand this year if

Government deep-water;

fishing allocations are implemented.

The allocations, contained

i« a discussion paper issued

by the Minister of Fisheries,

Mr Maclntyre, this week,

gave Fletcher Fishing' 17.5

per cent of a total of 112,000

tonnes of the deep-water-resource.

Yesterday, the managing

director of Fletcher Fishing,

Mr Eric Henry, was 'dismayed by the proposal. '

It effectively meant that

Fletcher's allocation '• had

been cut, he said.

"The implementation of

the proposals in their present

form could force Fletcher

Fishing to sell its two deepwater, freezer-trawlers,

Otago Buccaneer and .Otago

Galliard, as there would be

insufficient prime species for

the trawlers to fish economically," Mr Henry said. j

"The new proposals could

result in the liquidation of a

multi-million-dollar . investment in vessels, a rundown

of the base and processing

facilities at Dunedin, the loss

of many jobs and the trust of • a major effort tö develop a

resource which until recently

was unexploited by New Zealanders.

"In the last two years Fletcher Fishing has invested

over $30 million in deepwater vessels and processing

and cold storage facilities in

Dunedin."

Mr Henry said Fletchers • had caught, processed and

marketed far more prime

deep-water species than it

had been allocated in the discussion paper.

Another company, Sealord

Products Ltd, was also unhappy with the proposals

despite having received the

largest allocation of 21.6 per

cent of the resources.

' The chairman of Sealord,

Mr Richard ' Carter, said:

'There will be a battle on

over the next few weeks because they have put too

many people into too litle a

resource.", . .<—,--'

Like'•' FletchersV^Sealord 's

allocation was;,mbre than the

new proposäls.jöffer'ed. • •

.. The : Federatiort'\':of\ Commercial^Fishermen :alsb reacted, ^strongly:;'to the proposals yesterday. "

::"It is- noticeable that the

federation's 'name is not

among those who are likely

to receive allocations of a

fish resource which represents one "of the few opportunities for .growth," said the

secretary of the federation,

Mr Howard Stone.

This was difficult to understand, he said because the

federation represented members who collectively had between $30 and $40 million invested in the fishing industry. . .

CSO: 5200/9104
PEOPLE*S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

REPORTS ON NPC STANDING COMMITTEE SESSION

Marine Protection Law Explained

OW191600 Beijing XINHUA in English 1545 GMT 19 Aug 82

[Excerpt] Beij ing, August 19 (XINHUA)—LiXiming, minister of urban and rural construction and environmental protection, today explained the new draft 1m onmarine environmental

protection to the 24th Session of the Fifth National People's Congress Standing Committee,

which opened this afternoon.

The emphasis of the law, submitted to the committee today, is on pollution prevention arid

protection of the marine environment, the minister said. Separate laws are being formulated

to cover protection of mineral and aquatic resources.

China has 18,000 kilometers of coastline, he said, and with development of shipping, offshore oil, seaside construction and the dumping of land-based industrial pollutants, it

has become pressing to safeguard the marine environment.

The new law, whose violators will be held responsible both administratively and criminally

and required to pay compensation, will apply to all units and individuals within the

People's Republic as well as all foreign vessels and their related activities m waters

under the jurisdiction of China.

The regulations have been coordinated with international marine laws to which China is a

party he said, and were drafted on the basis of China's environmental protection law

promulgated in 1979. Consultations were held among government departments, legal and

marine specialists and coastal provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities.

Further on Marine Law

OW200640 Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese 1500 GMT 19 Aug 82

TExcerpts] Beijing, 19 Aug (XINHUA) — Li Ximing, minister of urban and rural construction

and environmental protection, today explained the "PRC Law on Marine Environmental Protection

(draft) to the 24th Session of the 5th NPC Standing Committee.

He pointed out: With 18,000 of coastline (exclusive of island coastlines), a vast sea

area numerous islands and a broad continental shelf, our country is abundant in marine

organisms and aquatic, mineral, offshore energy and coastal tourist resources and has

favorable shipping conditions. Developing, utilizing and protecting the marine environment

and resources are important tasks in the socialist modernization drive.
He said: Our country's marine environment Is now polluted and Impaired to varying degrees,

and environmental pollution Is quite serious in some estuaries, harbors, inland seas and

coastal areas. With the development of marine undertakings, the number of foreign ships

entering our territorial waters and foreign companies engaged in petroleum prospecting

and exploiting in waters under the jurisdiction of our country has increased with each

passing day. It is therefore necessary to strengthen supervision and control over the

discharge and dumping of pollutants by foreign ships, platforms and aircraft in order to

safeguard the rights and interests of our country.

He said: The "Law on Marine Environmental Protection" (draft) mainly lays down legal

rules for the prevention of sea pollution: 1) prevention of marine environmental impairment by seashore projects; 2) prevention of marine environmental pollution by offshore

petroleum prospecting and exploiting; 3) prevention ofmarine environmental pollution by

land-based pollutants; A) prevention of marine environmental pollution by ships; 5)

prevention of marine environmental pollution caused by the dumping of waste materials.

In addition, in the chapter of legal responsibility, the law stipulates that its violators

will be held responsible, both administratively and criminally, and required to pay

. *

compensation.

Li Ximing said: The Law on Marine Environmental Protection" will not only have binding

force on all units and individuals of our country, but involve supervision and control

over foreign vessels, offshore petroleum prospecting and exploiting and foreign enterprises

activities in waters under the jurisdiction of our country. In drafting the law,

attention was therefore paid to coordinating with relevant international conventions and

practices. .

CSO: 5200/2114
CHILE

PINOCHET DISCUSSES LAW OP THE SEA ISSUES

PY201538 Santiago Diplomatic Information Service in Spanish 2341 GMT 19 Aug 82

[Text] President Augusto Pinochet delivered a speech at the ceremony commemorating the

30th anniversary of the declaration of Santiago. He referred to the significance of the

declaration and to the goals attained after it was signed.

The president said that Latin American countries, with their understanding of the scope

and purpose of the 200-mile thesis, have opened the way toward the ultimate recognition

of that thesis. The adoption of this line of thinking in Latin America was the basic

component of what would later be referred to as Latin American law of the sea which took

shape in the declaration issued in Lima and Montevideo in 1970. These declarations

recognize the existence of a geographic and socioeconomic link between the sea, the earth

and man, a concept implicitly included in the declaration of 1952.

President Pinochet then said that the third UN Law of the Sea conference will end this

year and that it has standardized the exclusive 200-mile economic zone, in keeping with

the fundamental aspects of the declaration of Santiago. The UN meeting has passed into

international law what some people initially regarded as a bold juridical project.

After remarking that his legal concept has already been accepted by countries with sea

coasts, President Augusto Pinochet addressed Rosa Markmann, widow of the last President

Gabriel Gonzalez Videla, and paid tribute to the Chilean statesman of vision. During the

ceremony, staged at Government House and attended by distinguished personalities, Pinochet

also cited former Presidents Plaza from Ecuador, Bustamante from Peru and Julio Cesar

Turbay Ayala from Colombia.

President Pinochet recalled the benefits that Chile and the above nations have derived

from the 200-mile concept. He added that Chile was the first to enforce a 200-mile zone

35 years ago because at that time some of its resources were already being indiscriminately exploited, to the detriment of the population of coastal areas. _

The president added that those countries which have no continental shelf but which might

make use of large fishing resources in the open ocean, as in the Pacific, had to be protected on the basis of the principle of equality. He also pointed to the work that the

Foreign Ministry has undertaken for the last 30 years on this matter.

He reiterated his remarks on the benefits derived from the 200-mile concept and said

that the four nations together account for 10 percent of the world's fish catch.

In conclusion, he said that in the case of Chile, the fish catch exceeds 3 million tons,

tjius placing our country among the world's largest fishing powers. ___

CSO: 5200/2114
PERU

FOREIGN MINISTER ON LAW OF SEA, ANDEAN PACT

PY262322 Lima EL COMERCIO in Spanish 18 Aug 82 p A-4

[Excerpts] Peruvian Foreign Minister Javier Arias Stella said yesterday that the "Santiago

Declaration" which Peru, Chile and Ecuador signed 30 years ago constitutes the acceptance

of the Law of the Sea and the implementation of the doctrine which postulates that coastal

countries have sovereignty and jurisdiction over 200 miles of sea.

Arias Stella made these remarks at the end of a meeting between him and President Belaunde

Terry with whom, he said, he had held a meaningful talk on the anniversary of the "declaration" which will be commemorated simultaneously by the signatories of the original document.

Concerning the reactivation of the Andean Pact, Arias Stella said that this organization

is about to be relaunched. He reported that he had held a very interesting meeting with

the new members of the Cartagena Accord Board with whom he discussed the steps that should

be taken immediately to obtain better results.

Speaking about the authorization which the U.S. Congress granted to President Reagan to

intervene in nations presumably threatened by communism, Arias Stella said that both

President Belaunde and he have made categoric statements to the effect that Peru can

under no circumstances support interventionist measures regardless of their source.

He added: "Peru is a pacifist nation that respects the principle of nonintervention.

Therefore, any attempt at intervening by force in affairs of other nations goes against

the spirit that guides Peruvian foreign policy."

CSO: 5200/2114
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ILLEGALLY FISHING VESSEL FINED—Maputo—-A South African fishing boat captain

has been fined about R30 000 and his vessel confiscated by a maritime court

in Maputo for fishing illegally in Mozambican territorial waters. Captain

J. Smit was detained after his Durban-registered boat, the Plumstead, was

towed into Maputo harbour on August 20. Captain Smit said bad weather had

forced the Plumstead close to shore when the engine failed. He denied he

was fishing while in Mozambican waters. But the court found the vessel's

log, testimony from some of the 18 crew and weather reports contradicted

the skipper's claims. Entries in the log were cited as evidence that the

Plumstead had repeatedly fished in Mozambican waters off the Limpopo estuary

before the engine breakdown which led to its seizure two weeks ago.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 4 Sep 82 p 13]

CSO: 5200/567®

10
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

ICELAND, FAEROES CAPELIN AGREEMENT—Yesterday at a meeting the Icelandic

Government decided to enter into an agreement with the Paeroese Administration whereby the Faeroese will not catch the 10,000 tons of capelin that

was to be allotted to them by the European Common Market prior to the Oslo

Talks on Capelin Resources. The Faeroese, for their part, have agreed not

to use their rights and are willing to enter into an agreement with an exchange

of notes between the two countries. Prior to t9e Oslo Talks on a general

ban on Capelin fishing until new reports of fisheries experts have been

presented, the European Common Market gave the Faeroese rights to a 10,000

ton quota. The Common Market did not think it possible to revoke the rights

formally but felt that the matter should be resolved by agfeement between

Iceland and the Faeroese. The agreement, which is considered to have been

made today, is hopefully the last milestone along the path to a total agreement between the European Common Market, the Scandinavians and Iceland on

a complete capelin ban until new reports of fisheries experts on the condition

of the capelin banks have been presented. [Text] [Reykjavik MORBUNBLADID

in Icelandic 11 Aug 82 p 26] 9857

CSO: 5200/2110

11
DENMARK

BRIEFS:

EC CHARGE OF ILLEGAL FISHING—Karl Hjortnaas, minister of fisheries, intends to

put into effect an immediate stop of the extensive industrial sprat fishing

along large parts of the west coast of Jutland. That will presumably be done

today. The reason for the imposition of the national ban is that entirely new

Danish investigations indicate that the EC countries are right in their complaints about the fishing. The EC countries have been accusing the fishermen

of camouflaged herring fishing. Fisheries Minister Karl Hjortnaes says that

58 percent of the catches consists of herring fry, and that it must now be confirmed that the fishing is illegal. Under the prevailing rules the industrial

cutters must not take an incidental catch of herring amounting to more than

10 percent. In the new investigations there is also every indication that this

strongly criticized fishing is to blame for the fact that the herring population

of the North Sea has not increased. The herring taken by the industrial cutters

are young fry of 5 to 8 centimeters, and the biologists' studies show that the

herring stocks of the North Sea are recruited from the west coast of Jutland.

[Text] [Copenhagen, lb Christensen in BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 26 Aug 82

p 1] 8815

CSO: 5200/2116

12
DENMARK/GREENLAND

EC COMMISSION EXPECTED TO ENLARGE COD QUOTA OFF TOST COAST OF GREENLAND

Godthaab GR0NLANDSPOSTEN In Danish 11 Aug 82 p 39

[Text] [Commission] proposes a quota of 10,000 tons of cod

for the FRG and a smaller quota for the United Kingdom.

Although both quotas and t.a.c. [expansion unknown] were put on the agenda at

the last meeting of the fisheries council, which took place last week, they

were quickly taken back off. An attempt will be made to come back to this at

the next meeting of the council, which will take place 21-22 September.

Although there is thus still no joint fisheries policy at all and no quotas

have been set for this year's fishing, up to now fishing has gone on under what

is called a roll-over arrangement, which has meant that thus far the member

countries have been able to fish in accordance with the proposals on quotas and

t.a.c. that have been presented for consideration by the commission, provided

they observe the other limits that exist.

New Transitional Arrangement

However, it was decided at last week's meeting to change this practice, so that

the roll-over arrangement from 1 August until the next meeting of the council

will be according to the fisheries pattern of the preceding year. This means

that in the coming period fishing cannot be done according to the commission's

quota proposal, but only according to the t.a.c. proposal, which the commission

has enlarged as concerns the west coast of Greenland from 62,000 to 75,000 tons

of cod, which Greenland can thus fish for until 21 September.

The decision of the council of ministers was made on British and French initiative, and for the time being it prohibits the West Germans from going to West

Greenland and fishing up to the quota of 10,000 tons that the commission had

intended to give them.

8815

CSO: 5200/2116

13
DENMARK/GREENLAND

FRG STARTS FISHING OFF WEST GREENLAND WITHOUT EC DECISION

Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 26 Aug 82 Sect III p 3

[Text] (RITZAUS BUREAU, DEUTSCHE PRESS-AGENTUR)—The cod war between Denmark

and the FRG over the size of the West German fishermen's quotas for catches off

West Greenland was intensified yesterday when the federal government in Bonn,

without waiting for acceptance by Denmark, released the first installment of

the EC's quota, 2,000 tons of fish, to West Germany.

According to Lothar Rühl, spokesman for the West German government, Denmark will

be informed through diplomatic channels of the West German decision.

The EC has allotted the FRG a quota of 10,000 tons of fish off West Greenland.

But since the fishing season off West Greenland is already beginning in late

August, the West German government decided to give Josef Ertl, minister for

food, agriculture, and forestry, authority to release a part of the West German

quota.

The government in Bonn is of the opinion that the FRG, according to the EC's

rules, also has an incontestable right to a suitable part of the fishing off

West Greenland, where the waters are at the same time the most important fishing grounds for the Greenlandic fishermen.

But the West German quotas for catches, off East Greenland have caused no disagreement between Copenhagen and Bonn. On the other hand, at least two German

fishing vessels have been captured by the Greenland government and fined

80,000 kroner for violations of the quota, it was reported Wednesday in

Bremerhaven and Cuxhaven.

Bonn—Karl Hjortnaes, [Danish] minister of fisheries, in a statement to Danmarks

Radio, called it entirely unacceptable that the West Germany is taking such a

unilateral step. He has expressed this to his German colleague, Josef Ertl,

and proposed that a meeting that had been set for 14 September be moved up to

27 August.

"For the time being we only know that the German minister of fisheries has gotten the German cabinet's permission for the issuance of licenses to fish off

Greenland. I assume that the West Germans will not engage in such a unilateral

action," says Karl Hjortnaas.

14
"Apparently the Germans are trying to separate the question of the fishing off

West Greenland from the other fisheries questions we are discussing in the EC.

And on the Danish side we find that completely unacceptable. These questions

must be discussed in connection with the other questions and not in isolation,"

says Karl Hjortnaes.

"The EC commission has proposed that West Germany be given a quota off West

Greenland. Such a proposal does not give permission to start up a fishery on

that basis alone. It would be completely unreasonable that a proposal that has

not been adopted or approved could suddenly give a legal basis for starting up

a new fishery," the minister of fisheries says.

8815

CSO: 5200/2116

15
DENMARK/GREENLAND

LYNX HELICOPTER EXPECTED TO AID FISHERIES

Godthaab GR0NLANDSPOSTEN in Danish 11 Aug 82 p 24

[Text] Service as a helicopter pilot on the Greenland Command's inspection ships has perhaps not become easier, but

it is somewhat more satisfying now than before. The reason

is the very simple one that the new Lynx helicopters are

capable of doing a considerably better job than could be done

with the old Alouettes, all of which have now been discarded

by the fisheries inspection .service.

GR0NLANDSPOSTEN's fisheries department has talked with 1st Lt Ole Baskgaard ^.

Petersen, who heads the helicopter group on the inspection vessel "Hvidbj^rnen"

and flies the new Lynx helicopter in his everyday work.

Actually it is possible to begin at one end and reel off the new helicopter's

various advantages. In all cases it will be found that the equipment is better

than was the case with the old ones.

Where the old Alouette could fly for 2 hours with a speed of a good 90 knots,

the new new Lynx has a maximum speed of 120 knots (ca. 200 km/hour). With the

standard tanks it can fly for 3 hours, and an extra tank gives it another good

hour of flying time.

This means that the area that the Lynx can fly over for a patrol is considerably greater than was the case with the Alouette.

A radar is a new instrument on the fishery inspection service's helicopters,

and the same is true of the instruments that make it fit for flying in bad weather and at night.

"We get a lot of pleasure out of the radar on inspection missions, for we can

see a trawler at a distance of about 25 miles on both sides of the helicopter,"

says Ole Baskgaard Petersen. [The Danish mile = 4.68 English miles; that would

make about 120 English miles.—Translator]

The better flying qualities are also accompanied by better landing capabilities

in bad weather. The whole safety system around the helicopter platform on the

äfterdeck of the inspection ships has been substantially improved, and a little

gadget on the Lynx prevents it from being "thrown overboard" in landing.

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For it can set the rotor blades in reverse, so that they press the helicopter

down against the platform with a quite considerable weight. Even if the ship

should heel over violently immediately after the helicopter landing, the helicopter is thus held unshakably and safely fast.

Advanced Direction-Finding Equipment

The helicopter's most important mission, of course, is the rescue service, and

when human lives are at stake the Lynx is, in Ole Baskgaard's words, quite phenomenal.

Thus it is provided with radio equipment for all types of communications radios.

Conversations can be carried on with the police and over the ordinary maritime

VHF radio.

As a further refinement the helicopter's equipment can also get bearings on any

sender at all. Thus if a conversation is being carried on with a disabled vessel on, e.g., VHF channel 16, it is possible to find the exact direction to

the disabled vessel with the direction-finding apparatus.

Although the Lynx helicopter is new on the ships of the fisheries inspection

service, it has stood its tests, and that applies both tb inspection missions

and to transporting patients.

Transports of patients have been carried out in Greenland, too, but by far the

most of the missions of that type have been accomplished in the Faeroes, where

the helicopter was first introduced.

"Time and again the fisheries inspection is the only possibility when accidents

occur or there is a sudden serious illness on one of the outlying islands.

"We have already coped with many of these missions, and they have all gone off

satisfactorily," says Ole Baakgaard Petersen.

Of course, human lives saved cannot be measured in money, but still it is of

interest what the new helicopters cost: The price of this marvel is about

14 million kroner.

8815

CSO: 5200/2116

17
ICELAND

PAPER COMMENTS ON U.S. DECISION TO REJECT LOS TREATY

Reykjavik MORGUNBLADID in Icelandic Ik Jul 82 p l6

[Editorial: "Wrong U.S. Policy"]

[Text] Ronald Reagan, the U.S. president, announced before the weekend that

his government will not sign the United Nations Law of the Sea Treaty this

December. The agreement has been in the works for almost a decade in the UN

Law of the Sea Conference. Taken as a guiding principle in drawing up the

treaty was the idea that it be successful in as many areas as possible and set

up in such a way that each country gains in one area for concessions it makes

in another. This way there would be no disputes about carrying out the underlying agreement. This has not been the case. The United States naturally

took part in the making of the agreement and in discussions about it. When

Jimmy Carter was in the White House it appeared that the agreement would be

made in good accord with the most powerful nations in the world. The position

of the government in Washington changed after Ronald Reagan came to power.

Now the United States will not be among those sanctioning the signed treaty.

The treaty was, however, approved by a wide majority at the last working

session of the Law of the Sea Conference last April in New York.

This decision of the United States is wrong. It is founded on shortsightedness and will result in disenchantment worldwide, particularly in Iceland.

The position of the Reagan government shows that the financial power of the

international concerns having interests in the mining of the Ocean bottom

minerals has more influence upon policy making in Washington than the rational

views of expert advisors who make their decisions based upon an appreciation

of the total situation. Reagan supporters, however, point out that there are

unsatisfactory clauses in the Law of the Sea Treaty on the division of the

ocean bottom minerals outside the jurisdictions of the individual countries.

The Law of the Sea Treaty is, however, much more than that. The treaty is

necessary to establish laws for the oceans. Without it there could be severe '_

anarchy as during the "Cod War" and the participants thought that bad enough.

There is no doubt that the United States would strengthen its position more by

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signing the Law of the Sea Treaty than by renouncing it. The Icelandic government was, in its time, among the front ranks of those governments wishing the

United Nations to exert itself to establish legal rules for the oceans. The

Icelandic Government should now use its influence to hear to gain United States

support of the outcome achieved at the UN Law of the Sea Conference.

9857

CSO: 5200/2098 END

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