This, he pointed out, would serve as a check against land encroachment
by these big companies, he said.

He, however, noted that since Nigeria's economy was 'mixed' with the co-
existence of private and public sectors, government would be willing to
encourage those foreign companies ready to produce their raw materials
in Nigeria.

Governor Umar further disclosed that his administration was preparing for
the expected bumper harvest this year in Kaduna.

To this, he said the state government would establish stores for preserva-—
tion of crops, adding that a price stabilisation scheme was to be intro-
duced to purchase excess grains from farmers so as to stabilise their
incomes.

Major Umar noted further that his administration was committed to human
rights and freedom of every citizen irrespective of his or her background.

Earlier in the week, the governor inaugurated the committee charged with
the responsibility of reviewing cases of detainees and others who have
served prison terms for ten years and above.

In his address, at the inauguration ceremony, Major Umar said the bane
of third world in general was political repression and it was not the
intention of the new administration to perpetrate such.

The committee is headed by a Kaduna High Court Judge, Justice Usman
Mohammed.

cso: 3400/80

54



JPRS*SSA¥85+106
31 October 1985

UGANDA

RWENZURURU MOVEMENT THREATENS TO REESTABLISH KINGDOM
Kampala FOCUS in English 27 Aug 85 p 6

[Text] The Assistant District Commissioner, Kasese Mr Biraro Olwa last week
called for an abrupt meeting to discuss the deteriorating situation in
Kasese following threats against local chiefs in the area.

Since the taking over of Kasese, the chiefs in the District are in suspense
not knowing their role. They are being threatened by people especially those
said to be professing D.P. that they will take over their offices.

The fears were aggravated following the NRA directive last week to chiefs and
Market Masters to stop collecting revenue from the people and Market Vendors.

The Treaure of Kasese District, has estimated that over two million Shillings
has so far been lost as a result the NRA directive since the toppling of Obote.

The talks which were also attended by the Administrative Secretary Mr. Frimia
Rukara, discussed the problems facing the district and how to work for unity
in view of having a common approach.

In another development the Rwenzururu movement in the Ranges of Rwenzori
Mountains in Western Uganda is threatening to swing back in action by re-
establishing its Kingdom in the Mountains and forcing people in the District
to pay allegience to the movement.

The new self-styled leaders of the movement have established headquarters at
Bukikira in the mountains.

In letters to the District Commissioner, Kasese and another to one of the form-
er leaders of the movement, Mr. Yeremia Kihhgho, dated 17th August 1985 but
only reached them last week, the new Rwenzururu leaders have threatened to take
drastic measures if they don't heed their demands.

The Rwenzururu leaders told the District Commissioner that from the date of
their letters onwards he should no longer be called DC of Kasose and thirdly
to hand to the Rwenzururu authority all the graduated tax revenue paid by the
citizens of the Kingdom since 15/8/82 when the former Kwenzururu King gave up.

118


JPRS*SSA¥85+106
31 October 1985

GUINEA

BLAME PLACED ON LEBANESE FOR GOLD-SMUGGLING INCIDENT
Conakry HOROYA in French 12 Sep 85 pp 1-2

{article by Ibrahima Kalil Diare]

[Text] For centuries gold has been extracted and exported from Guinea. Since
independence was won, however, never has such a large quantity been seized at
the country's frontier.

It must be recognized that the native merchants who deal in automobiles from
Brussels, those who offer electrical household appliances for sale, our
sisters who sell bundles of cloth--all deal in gold. The experts, the
diplomats, the businessmen who land here and as rapidly disappear-~all are
involved in the gold traffic.

As soon as the gold panners go to work in Bissikirima, Siguiri, Ourekaba,
Faranah, Kissidougou or Macenta, the trafficking in gold goes out of control.

Moreover, this business of 25 kilograms of gold seized at the Gbessia Airport,
an "affair" which is currently the main subject of discussion in the capital,
bears watching. For it must be admitted that as soon as a Lebanese is
involved in a crime, the colony becomes feverishly agitated, tongues wag and
through family connections, all sorts of rumors spread through the city.

Is a Lebanese a man above all suspicion?

No! Because one cannot engage in the business they do by practicing the
honest civic virtues! And those who have followed the most harmful activities
of certain Lebanese since independence was won know this well. We will not
insist upon the scandalous embezzlements carried out in complicity with shady
government employees, whom they patiently corrupted. Let us pass over the
profitable "arrangements" they make with greedy agents, since for them paying
state fees, paying the government customs duties, paying their taxes in full,
is "stupidity." They prefer to pay half and "make an arrangement" with
certain individuals. This gives them the double benefit of avoiding paying
out the full sum claimed by the state, while above all corrupting a government
employee who is then in their pay. These are general truths familiar to
everyone concerning our Lebanese "brothers," whose instinct for violating our
laws and our institutions is well-known. And then when there is a trafficking

20


IPRS *SSA+85 4106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

BIG ALUMINUM DEAL SIGNED WITH AUSTRIAN FIRM
Harare THE HERALD [Business] in English 19 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by Andrew Rusinga]

[Text] In a deal believed to be worth $5,5 million Aluminium Industries
of Harare has signed an agreement with an Austrian firm, Austria Metall
AG, to expand its aluminium extrusion facilities.

Aluminium Industries will import capital equipment and technology which
will enable further benefication and value added to locally mined copper
and open up export markets through agreements with the Austrian firm.

Two engineers from Austria Metall are in Harare to complete the technical
details of the agreement and the timing of the programme.

The contract with the Austrian company--one of the only three firms in
the world with the known-how in this field--covers the design, supply,
erection and commissioning of all plant and equipment, and training of
Almin personnel. Technical support and development is assured through
continuing cooperation contracts.

Construction and commissioning of buildings, plant and equipment at
Almin's site in Willowvale will begin shortly and the project is scheduled
for completion by the end of next year.

The deal will enable Almin, an associate company of the Industrial
Development Corporation, to manufacture copper and brass extruded
sections, extruded and drawn tubing for refrigeration, heat exchanger

and plumbing applications, copper rod and bar for electric motor and
switchgear applications and special profiles to customer's specifications.
Most of these products presently have to be imported.

A medium-term credit package has been arranged by Almin's bankers with an
Austrian bank under terms approved by the Treasury and the Reserve Bank
of Zimbabwe.

The Austrian trade commissioner in Harare, Dr Wolfgang Harwalik, who was
heavily involved in negotiating the deal for the past two years, said:

144


NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402. .

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS “SSA*854106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TRANSVAAL FARMERS CONFRONT GOVERNMENT--Transvaal farmers are heading for con-
frontation over the latest consolidation announcements for Bophuthatswana--
claiming that the Government has "ignored" them in defining the areas. Flip
du Plooy, secretary of the Transvaal Agricultural Union told the Citizen yes-
terday. He said the union's executive would meet at the end of the month to
formulate a plan of action. Two weeks ago the union also protested about the
final consolidation plans for Lebowa, Gazankulu, Venda and Kwandebele. Mr Du
Plooy said the union refused to "accept" that it had not been consulted by
the Government--despite promises to do so-~before the final plans were evolved
and announced. "Whenever final decisions vary drastically from earlier an-
nouncements, the union believes that it has the right to further discussions
before decisions are made that cannot be recalled." [Text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 13]

cso: 3400/168

114


JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTS ON BOTHA CITIZENSHIP ANNOUNCEMENT

President Botha Announces Policy Change
Johannesburg DIE VADERLAND in Afrikaans 13 Sep 85 p 10
{Editorial: "An Important Door is Opened"]

[Text] By no means have all the implications of President P.W. Botha's
announcement on the restoration of South African citizenship rights for
inhabitants of the independent national states been worked out. But it is
undoubtedly one of the most important developments in the process of reform.

White reaction in our country is positive, with the exception of the far-right
political phalanx. Unfortunately the same cannot be said of the black
reaction, except for that of President Patrick Mphephu of Venda. And the
first reaction from Washington was like a refrain on a record which is stuck:
it isn't enough yet.

Perhaps the reaction would have been better if the announcement had come after
visible discussions between the Government and the leaders of the national and
independent states, and in the form of a joint statement.

The disappointing black and foreign reaction does not take into account,
however, the true importance of the decision.

The full implications will certainly be worked out in the discussions between
the black heads of state and the Government as projected by the President.

One aspect is that this opens an important door for progress toward a form of
federation. This could mean that the National Party has abandoned its ideal
of completely independent black states.

The restoration of citizenship for permanent SA inhabitants of homeland origin
ean also be interpreted as a termination of the policy of coupling with the
national and independent states. It can mean elimination of the policy that
blacks outside of their states of origin must exercise their political rights
in those states.

63



JPRS“SSA«85~106
31 October 1985

headquarters. Presenting the wings to the paratroopers, the commanding of-
ficer of Grey Scouts, Lt.-Col. Fitzgerald, reminded the soldiers that they
had to have absolute loyalty to Zimbabwe, the Government, the army, their
regiment and paratroopers group. There was more training to be done and

the soldiers had to be geared for that. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English
23 Sep 85 p 1]

PROTEST OF RSA DETAINEES~-Harare~-The Zimbabwe Fellowship of Reconciliation

has written to the South African authorities protesting against the detention
of four anti-apartheid activists of the End Conscription Campaign and calling
for their speedy release. Mr Ted Lockwood of the ZFOR said this week that the
four, Miss Anita Kromberg, Mr Richard Steele, Miss Sue Brittion and Mr Michael
Evans, were being held under emergency powers and could not be seen by families,
friends or lawyers. "As far as we know they are still being locked up", Mr
Lockwood said. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Oct 85 p 11]

CHINESE FACTORY TEAM LEAVES--The Chinese technical team which advised

on the establishment of the Chitungwiza garment factory leaves Harare

for China today. The team, led by Cde Zhang Yaoting, was instrumental

in setting up the State-owned factory which falls under the Ministry of
Community Development and Women's Affairs. The under-secretary for
community projects, research and planning, Cde Barney Masanzu, said
yesterday the 10-member team arrived in 1983 and in June last year started
installing the $72 000 worth of equipment given by the Chinese. Full
production began in December last year and the factory was officially
opened by the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, in January. It has since made
school uniforms for 33 schoals in Chitungwiza and wider markets have been
established. Thanking the team for its work, Cde Masanzu said: "The

team will be remembered for its dedication and hard work and will leave
behind a job well done." The factory has 70 workers-~16 men and 54 women--
and the team played a role in the selection of the trainee managerial,
technical and production staff. A Chinese team remains behind to super-
vise specialisation and expansion. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English
18 Sep 85 p 8]

csO: 3400/94 END

147



JPRS*SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NATIONAL PARTY OF FREE STATE SETS REFORM EXAMPLE
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 14 Sep 85 p 10

{Column by Dawie: "This is Now One Shared Fatherland--and the People
Understand that."]

(Text] It should now be clear to all white South Africans: an exclusive
fatherland of our own is now absolutely out of the question. The fatherland
South Africa must be shared with millions of blacks, and all the implications
of that must be faced.

This is an idea some people still have great trouble accepting. But numerous
people have reconciled themselves to it and are willing to accept the future
realistically.

Turned Around

An example of this was this week's congress of the National Party of the Free
State.

A few years ago some Free Staters rather reluctantly tackled some of the
drastic policy adjustments. This week a very positive message of
encouragement for the Government came from the congress itself.

In the words of Minister Chris Heunis, a spirit of "political maturity" is
emanating from the contributions of urban and rural representatives, which is
greatly appreciated by the Government.

The impression left by the congress was that people have turned around and are
very down-to-earth about it.

Don't Be Afraid
It was remarkable that no one talked about the question of whether blacks
should be involved in the decision-making processes of the country together

with the whites, Coloreds and Indians. This is a principle they have clearly
accepted.

74


SECRETARIES CALL FOR SHEANUT DEVELOPMENT BOARD LEGALIZATION

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Oct 85 pl

[Article by Iddrisu Seini and Imoru Yakubu]

[Text]

cso:

3400/162

THE three Regio-
nal Secretaries in
Northern Ghana
have submitted a
memorandum to
the PNDC to esta-
blish by law, the
Broposed Sheanut

evelopment
Board.

However, the 3e-
cretaries have recom-
mended that before
the board comes into
being, there is the
need to establish
sheanut plantations
in the three regions
— Northern, Upper
East and Upper
West.

This is to ensure
that the industry be-
comes viable and ta-
kes its place as
number two after co-
coa.

The three secretaries are

Mr Huudu Yahaya for
Northern Region, Mr J. E.

10

Sakyi for Upper Hast ana
Mr Salifu Bawa Dy-Yakah
for Upper West.

This was announced by
Mr Simon Abingya, Under
Secretary for Upper East,
when he delivered an
address on behalf of Mr
Sakyi at a meeting of the
Cocoa, Coffee and Sheanut
Farmers Association at
Bolgatanga at the wee
kend.

He said the three Regio-
nal S--cretaries, at a recent
meeting in Wa, called for
the review of the Akuafo
Cheque System to make it
easier for farmers to cash

-their cheques at banks of

their choice instead of at
the Ghana Commercial
Bank where they expe-
rience a number of diffi.
culties.

Mr Abingya deplored
the attitude of some
members of staff of CO-
COBOD who instead of
going round the societies to
ensure maximum picking
and collection of sheanut
in the region only remain-
ed in their offices to wait
for the farmers to bring the
produce to them. He
warned that such acts
would not be tolerated.

JPRS*SSA~85~106
31 October 1985

GHANA


PRINTING MACHINERY FROM SOVIET UNION

Kampala FOCUS in English 27 Aug 85 p 2

- [Text]

THE government "owned
"National Mirror" News-
paper, the heir of Uga-
nda Times, has ran into
financial difficulties
and might not appear on
the street for the rest
of this year unless so-
mething. substantial is
done to save it from the
financial dilemma, .

Efforts by the new In-
formation Minister to

own Printery also seem
to have met an obstacle
as one of thé machine

needed to make the pri-~

cs0: 3400/175

{

-ntery start operating.

(a step down Transfor-
mer) has to be imported
from the Soviet, Union,
something that can take
about three months to
arrive.

The weekly broadsheet
similar in outlook like
the North Koréan "Pyong-
yang, Times" started

production on the Labour

day, May 1st 1985, but
came to an abrupt stop
last month after publis-
ing about ten issues.

123

JPRS~SSA=85 4106
31 October 1985

UGANDA

the Sapoba Bookshop ~
Press, at’ Katwe which
vas printing the paper,
S demanding 24 million
igen Shillings as pri-
nting costs for the

- dssues it has published

before they resume to
print. But the Ministry
is said to be lacking

funds to settle the
debts. :
Sources further said
that the staff° which
was working on the paper
had received no pay

since the paper was sta-
rted in May up to the

, time it stopped last

Month, July.

The Printing Press, ,°
which is being assembled
in the Industrial area .
to print the paper and
other vernacr.ar papers
published by the Minis-
try of Information, has
machinery imported from
‘the ‘Soviet Union. :


JPRS *SSA~85+106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

MUGABE SAYS TOUGH MEASURES SET AGAINST CORRUPT CIVIL SERVANTS .
Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Sep 85 pp 1, 9

[Text] Tough corrective measures will be taken against ‘civil servants
who misuse public funds to enrich themselves at the expense of the State
and the people, the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, warned yesterday.

Opening the 67th annual conference of the Public Service Association in
Harare, Cde Mugabe said, however, that the Government was proud of its
achievements of the past five years in which it had created a people-
oriented civil service aimed at developing the nation, especially in the
rural areas.

The civil servants had undergone considerable development and change
based on the Presidential directive to correct the racial imbalance--
effective operation in rural areas and a change in role from a revenue-
collecting and regulation-enforcement agency to a development-oriented
administration.

The development of a professional and dedicated public service could best
be assured by the enhancement of the status of the public service, attrac-
tiveness of careers and its sensitivity to the welfare of the masses, he
said.

"It is important that the public service should attract and retain the
best of Zimbabwean society who will lead and staff it. This requires
sympathetic attention to the conditions of service and benefits of a
career to ensure that it is sufficiently competitive in relation to other
careers."

Civil servants also needed confidence in a career and a promotion system
based on merit and not personal connections.

Financial and other incentives were however, not enough and there was an

urgent need to develop among public servants a greater sense of commitment
towards the needs and development of the society.

129



making overseas investors hesitant. If growth comes again, the rand will
recover. A correct policy to fight inflation would make a growth rate of
three percent possible, according to Dr Cloete. However, some form or other
of currency control should be instituted.

Remedy

An economist from Volkskas, Mr Adam Jacobs, says that the Government already
lost control over the economy in 1980 when the proceeds from the unprecedented
price of gold were allowed to have an effect on the whole economy. South
Africa will still have to continue to pay back large amounts for years, Mr
Jacobs declares. That causes this year's and next year's economic revivals to
be lost.

Unemployment

The common man will feel the consequences more and more in the form of higher
inflation, slow growth of wages and salaries and unemployment. The only
remedy is to vigorously encourage exports with export subsidies and further
discourage imports with selective import control if necessary.

Stabilize

The chairman of DIE AFRIKANER's Economic and Financial Committee says that, as
was expected, the Government's free-market system has failed. The Government
should apply serious control measures to prevent the total collapse of the
rand and the money market. Only appropriate control measures can stabilize
the economy and save the country from the hands of speculators and
destabilizers. "Political unrest and speculation are now working together
hand in hand. A fixed rate of exchange, transfer of all foreign currency to
the Réserve Bank and strict control over the outflow of foreign currency are a
requirement. Anything less is merely darning and patchwork," he says.

The authoritative financial magazine, INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY REVIEW, pointed
out.as early as two months ago that South Africa has recklessly contracted
short-term loans which possibly could not be paid back on time. That was
front-page news in DIE AFRIKANER of 7 August.

The head of the Sanlam Group, Dr Fred du Plessis, came out with a warning last
year in the Economic Advisory Council that the Government's financial policy
is going to plunge the country into a ten-year depression. This warning is
now coming true.

13084
CSO: °3401/289

69



JPRS¥SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

GUINEA-BISSAU

SECRETARY BERNARDINO CARDOSO DISCUSSES FOREIGN COOPERATION
Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Aug 85 pp 30-33

[Report based on interview with Bernardino Cardoso, secretary of
state for international cooperation, by Jorge Oliveira, date and place not
specified]

[Text] "Currently, cooperation with Portugal encompasses almost
all sectors of economic and social life in Guinea-Bissau,"
acknowledged Bernardino Cardoso, Guinea~Bissau's secretary of state
for international cooperation, one of the young cadres recently
promoted by President Nino Vieira to assume governmental respon-
sibilities following the remodeling of the executive a year ago.
Noting that what the country needs now is financing for its
economic stabilization program, Bernardino Cardoso stated:

“The international community has not kept pace with the effort

put forth by the Government of Guinea-Bissau."

“Generally speaking, we can say that cooperation with Portugal is moving along
well, after the meeting of the Portuguese-Guinea-Bissau Joint Commission in
February in Lisbon," said Bissau's director of international cooperation,
adding that “the aim is to make the planned action more dynamic and efficient."

In Guinea-Bissau, Portugal is considered a privileged partner, but the Guinea-
Bissauan authorities argue that cooperation between the two.countries could

be far greater than it is and theycomplain that Lisbon is somewhat sluggish

is carrying out the actions agreed upon. As examples, Bernardino Cardoso cited
the construction of housing for the Portuguese cooperants, which should be getting
underway only now (it was awaiting the arrival of Eduardo Ambar, Portugal's
secretary of state for cooperation, in Bissau to lay the cornerstone), and

the reconstruction of the National Broadcasting company's transmitting station

at Nhacra, for which, after 6 years, the funds have finally been liberated.

"The activities are proceeding normally. Currently, cooperation with Portugal
encompasses practically all sectors of economic anisocial life in Guinea-Bissau,
including research. Portugal is going to help us launch our National Research
Institute," the secretary of state noted.

Portugal has played an important role in education and health, and this is

acknowledged by Bissau, which would like to see Portugal expand its participation
in these two essential fields.

27



STATE REVISES SLICE-UP OF THREE HOMELANDS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Sep 85 p 13

{Article by David Braun]

[Text

Nearly 120000 people have
escaped resettlement in
terms of the final decisions
to consolidate Gazankulu,
Lebowa and kwaNdebele an-
nounced today.

However, it is clear that there
will still be some resettlement
of blacks living in white areas in
Lebowa and kwaNdebele.

According to documents re-
leased by the Minister of Consti-
tutional Development and Plan-
ning, Mr Chris Heunis, these lat-
ter “will occur with the co-oper-
ation and the voluntary collabo-
ration of the Ndebele inhabi-
tants”.

In terms of the consolidation
plans, which have to be present-
ed to Parliament for a final de-
cision, the three homelands are
to be expanded by close on
300 000 ha.

This final consolidation will
settle the boundaries of the na-
tional states, and border fences
will now be put up.

In the case of Lebowa, about
110000 people who would have
been resettled in terms of the
1973/75 consolidation decisions
will no longer be moved.

The total area of additional
land for Lebowa is about
134 000 ha, while the total area
which would have been excised
from the homeland in terms of
earlier proposals ~ but which
now remains part of its terri-
tory — is about 110 000 ha.

Land to be excised from Le-
bowa, or trust territory to be de-
proclaimed, totals about
79 000 ha.

The disputed Moutse Districts
1, 2 and 3 are added to kwaNde-
bele, while the Nebo and certain
other farms which were origi-
nally to be given to kwaNdebele,
are now included in. the terri-
tory and area of jurisdiction of

wa.

Block 24, District Mokerong 1,
near the Botswana border, is no
longer to be resettled, but will
be retained as a detached part
of Lebowa. An area within the
district is to be identified for the
laying out of a regional town.

In principle, Zebediela Es-
tates are to be added to Lebowa,
Provided that the governments
concerned can agree on its
maintenance and management.

A total of 105 000ha is to be
added to kwaNdebele, including
the 66 000 ha of the Moutse dis-
trict and 34 000 ha of the Rust de
Winter area.

In all, 32 000 ha is to be depro-
claimed or no longer added to
this homeland, including the
24 000 ha of Nebo Farms.

The granting of Kuilsrivier
and portions of Toitskraal and
Zondagsfontein farms in the
Moutse district to kwaNdebele

98

31 S2894-85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

means that 3811 families will
now no longer be resettled, and
members of the same tribe will
not be divided.

A total of 13 farms in the Rust
de Winter area near Warmbaths
has been added to kwaNdebele
as a replacement for the loss of
the Nebo farms, and to be used
as an area for the resettlement
of Ndebele people from Geweer-
fontein, Bloedfontein and Kalk-
fontein farms. ‘

Mr Heunis said that these
people had already agreed to
co-operate and voluntarily col-
laborate with this resettlement,
The Rust de Winter Dam re-
mains in South Africa.

With regard to Gazankulu, the
total additional land for the
homeland is about 16700 ha,
while about 240 ha are to be ex-
cised.

The total land which in terms
of earlier proposals would have
been excised but which now re-
main part of Gazankulu, is
about 2000ha. About 5000 peo-
ple will, as a result, no longer be
moved.

Klipfontein in the Soutpans-
berg area will no longer be re-
settled, but is retained as a de-
tached part of Gazankulu.


"There is no doubt, whatsoever, that the parachutes are South African,"
another paratrooper said. The nylon ripstop Savic T10 and T10-18 whose
material is worn by the people in Gorongoza, is manufactured in South
Africa.

"We don't know what it is they dropped here (using the 64-footer) but
it must have been damn huge," the paratrooper said.

Malnutrition is rife among the children who also seem to be the major
target for the jiggers that infest the mountainous area. Most of them
walk about naked while their mothers dress in tattered clothes, or are
half-dressed in the green parachute material.

Several sewing machines were among the million dollars’ worth of civilian
and military equipment captured by the Zimbabwean and Mozambican forces
when they occupied the MNR's bases.

A young woman who says she had been taken away from her parents to live
with one bandit inside the former MNR headquarters had her dress properly
sewn inside the camp.

"I am happy now that I am free again," said one woman whose husband, a
Mozambican soldier, had escaped from the area two years ago when they
were attacked by the bandits.

The camp at Vunduzi, where some 3 000 people have taken refuge, has set
up a committee to distribute the food that has been promised by the
government.

They have taken over the former one-classroom school where they have
stored the few bags of yellow maize donated by the American government,
and the medical supplies which arrived over the weekend from Beira.

The committee is allocating small pieces of land to families and intends
to seek power from the government to arrange for proper resettlement of
the people.

A river which runs close by the camp will be used to irrigate fields.

In the meantime, the major problem for the committee is to get enough
food to give the people and provide shelter for the thousands.

csO: 3400/95

34


JPRS*SSA+85~106
31 October 1985

SOMALIA

BRIEFS

PRC AIDED WATER PROJECT--Challe Colonel Ahmed Mohamed Farrah, member of the
SRSP Central Committee's Political Committee and minister for minerals and
water resources, who is leading a delegation on a tour in the northwest
region, yesterday laid the foundation stone for the second expansion phase
of the (Herdibleh) water dam in Hargeysa town. Speaking during the founda-
tion-laying ceremony for the Chinese-aided project, the minister noted the
importance of the scheme for Hargeysa town dwellers. He urged the experts
involved in its implementation to speed up the work in order to help re-
lieve these people of the water problems affecting them. [Excerpt] [Moga-
dishu Domestic Service.in Somali 1400 GMT 8 Oct 85 EA]

CSO: 3400/164

59



The remaining third of the corporation's revenue comes from the licence
fees. However, a determining factor in what the corporation shows on the
screens is that the economic power and estimated to be in the region of 80
percent of the country's wealth, lies in the control of a community that
likes Dallas, Dynasty and Falcon Crest.

Asked about why there was very little in the way of programmes from
socialist countries, apart from the odd "documentaries" screened on
occasion to mark certain of these countries’ national days, Cde Kangai
said an exercise had considered this alternative but found it "prohi-
bitive" because there were no shared costs.

ZBC can afford to show Dallas, Dynasty and Falcon Crest because of the
existence of a "bicycle system" which ensures that as soon as a sries is
shown here it is sent to the next country that has ordered the programme.
This system reduces the cost to the individual television stations.

Apart from that, among some of the leading socialist countries the viewer
will find these programmes being screened, and so, argues ZBC, the
screening of these programmes does not mean it does not identify with
the Government's expressed ideological stance.

Argues the ZBC director-general: "We are trying to meet the interests
of the whole of our population, by catering for those who like serious
programmes, and those who want programmes on development, education and
information, and those requiring entertainment. .We are trying to strike
a balance."

Much of the improvement was the result of overseas aid. The Friedrich
Ebert Foundation of West Germany had provided studio equipment for Radio
Four.

cso: 3400/94

143



Finally, the development projects which should complement the stabilization
efforts should be moving forward at a faster pace.

“Despite the economic crisis which is affecting all the countries, particularly
developing countries, the international community could do more than it is
doing. If the donor countries do not meet their commitments promptly, the
plans cannot be carried out," the secretary of state noted.

He advocated the renegotiation of the foreign debt of developing countries

as a "factor of primordial importance in correcting the balance of payments,
which is seriously affected by the indebtedness," and hence essential for the
development of these states.

With regard to the projects, after noting that the "first steps are already
being taken" to relieve the balance of payments problem, Cardoso defended the
need to act on the studies that have already been completed.

"Things are moving very slowly. In most cases, we have not succeeded in going
beyond the phase of the studies. If we were to take an accounting of the results
obtained since the last roundtable, we would find that very few projects have
been followed up," he declared.

Cardoso also reported that Guinea~Bissau is going to rely more on cooperation
with the so~called Non-Governmental Organizations (ONGs). An important general
meeting is scheduled for November in Bissau, with representatives of many of
these organizations, which have been invited specifically for this purpose.

6362
CSOs 3442/10

30


apartheid? Why must we always use formulas that sound like an oath taken by
an unwilling Jesuit and that make people wonder whether the Boers are not just
up to some trickery again?

Can't we for once just say loudly and clearly that apartheid is dead... and

then give the civil service instructions not to stand around in mourning but to
give black people practical proof that apartheid has already been buried.

12906
CSO: 3401/286

62


Ryiswoom

rowoacsronreN
A wi skiveR

KWANDEBELE

KWANDEBELE INCLUDING .
1975 CONSOUDATION

KWANDEBRLE 1984
EXTENSION RECOMMENDATIONS.

(MOUTSE AND NEBOPLASE

, om h , (BB rere cxrensions ras

cso: 3400/130

99



paying to each of them (Korean officers) US Dollars 100 per week and to each
soldier US Dollars 20" :

The same report said that "In addition, each North Korean combatant received
an adequate allowance. A lot more money was pledged by Uganda in the event
of any of the officers and men from North Korea being killed in action"

csO: © 3400/174

121



January 25: “On 30.1.84 there will be
three resupplies in the southern zone —
Inhambe” and “on 4.2.84 three resup-
plies, two. in. the centre, one resupply
for Maputo. On 9.2.84 there will be
three resupplies for Zambezia.”

Three days later, says AIM, the |
diary noted the composition of the ~
South African team going to Zambezia

as “Colonel Eurico Jackson, Volunteer
Joanh, boat specialist, two doctors”.
February 4: “The first resupply of the
year: at the (illegible word) of Lake
Pofu DZ at the General, South Inham-
bane, and at the DC of C/Maputo in.
North Inhambane. The operations pro-
ceeded normally.

(AIM noted that DZ appeared to be a
MNR term referring to major bandit
camps, but western observers assume
it referred to “Drop Zone”.)

February 7; “H.E. left for Pretoria

with the Secretary-General for talks ,
with the South Africsan generals at’

their invitation. The meeting with the
generals settled the arms supplies:
huge for eight weeks because South
Africa is going to stop giving logistics.”

(HE. is a reference to MNR Chief
Alfonso Dhlakama, while Secretary-

General refers to a Portuguese citizen, ©

Evo Fernandes, who AIM says was an
agent of the “fascist secret police,
PIDE”). : :
February 8: “Resupply by ship is ex-
pected soon at Bata De M. Coluine.
. 60 specialists. 40 tons of material”.
February 11: The diarist gave dates for
nine deliveries, adding that apart from
these, there would be “other extras by
Dakota” for the southern three prov-

jinces (Maputo, Gaza and Inhambane). ‘

' The Dakotas would carry “100 boxes of
ammunition every time”.

AIM said a detailed breakdown of
mines, mortar shells, rockets, explo-
, Sives, machine gun ammunition and
“ medical supplies was given.
{ February 14: The diary referred to the
* continued ‘existence of MNR bases in
South Africa. AIM said the diarist
wrote that he accompanied “Colonel

Vaniker” to Louis Trichardt in the:
Northern Transvaal “in order to recon- .

noitre a new camp”.
Some entries, said AIM, referred to
MNR members undertaking paratroop

training, “top-secret communications ;

between Pretoria and the MNR, and
training courses in heavy artillery. One

February 23: The diarist wrote that on
February 23 at 10am there was a
meeting in Pretoria between Mr Dhla-

ma and “the General of Military In-
telligence”. Also present were a briga-
dier and a colonel from Military Intel-
ligence,

_The aim of the meeting was “plan-
ning the war in the face of the situation
faken up by the South African Repub-
ic’.

AIM said the diary entry for Febru-
ary 23 noted the South African military
had said: “We soldiers will continue to
give support without the consent of our
politicians in massive numbers so as to ,
win the war”,

The same entry, said AIM, highlight-

» ed the strategy, to be followed: “Machel

can only fall (illegible word) through
cutting the economy and communica-
tions routes”. .

; February 24: Just three weeks before

the Nkomati Accord was signed: “Joan
and Eurico will go only with the autho-
risation of the Minister of Defence,
General Magnus Malan. an

“Two MNR men will be trained in
ultra-secret communications between
Pretoria and the MNR. The general
will ensure resupply even after the
agreement by South Africa with the
Communist Machel, especially ammu-
nition and radio transmitters.”

The diary referred to a meeting on
February 23 which AIM said dealt with
a meeting with a South African briga-
dier concerning “definition of targets”
and “communication by radio or physi-
cally between Renamo (MNR) and
South African soldiers”. .
February 27: An entry on this date
noted that of 100 MNR specialists, “two
died struck down by the Angolans,
three are prisoners, 30 in Namibia, 65
in Parabolwa”. ‘

AIM said the diary added that the

| “general of the special forces asks tr

keep ten of our soldiers”. |

of these courses allegedly took place in,
Namibia. : "

' cso: 3400/134 : H

40


BUTHELEZI SPEAKS TO RED CROSS IN SWITZERLAND

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Oct 85 p

4
[rext]

CSO:

at

* Mangosuthu

GENEVA. — Chief
Buthelezi
yesterday warned the in-
ternational committee of
the Red Cross that situa-
tions were emerging
which foretold of disaster

, in South Africa.

The KwaZulu Chief
Minister told a meeting of
the committee in Geneva

, that a combination of

frustration and anger,
with poverty and suffer-

- ing, had created the cir-

cumstances in which mob
behaviour was erupting to
express itself in violence
ever more frequently.

He called on organisa-
tions like the Red Cross.

| to deepen their acquaint-

ance with the circum-
stances, which could

. worsen, and begin strate-

gic planning to meet such
circumstances.

“It is perhaps not nice
to prophesy disaster,” he
said, “but I can envisage
situations emerging in
South Africa in which the
terrible destitution now

3400/169

borne as a great burden
because of apartheid will
be immeasurably —in-
creased in our strife-torn
country.

“There are already
about 22 million angry
Blacks in South Africa
who are being exhorted to
violence. Millions of
these live in terrible
squatter circumstances,
and the gravitation of
Blacks from rural to ur-
ban areas is gathering mo-
,mentum.”

He said South Africa’s
22 million Blacks had suf-
fered racial oppression,
leading to social and
economic deprivation.

“Black South Africa
has also been subjected to
police brutality and the
application of draconian
laws which have embit-
tered vast throngs of

ple.”

“Black South Africa’s

82

13

angry population is now
being thrust into a deep
and prolonged recession.
Unemployment is on the
increase, and everywhere
there is a desperate short-
age of money with which
to acquire the necessities
of life in ‘circumstances
where there is a dramatic
rise in costs of goods.”

In these circumstances,
Chief Buthelezi said, the
ANC’s mission in exile
was exhorting * Black
South Africans to use vi-
olence in every effort to
make the country ungov-
ernable. .

“They are exhorting
our children to defy all
authority, to burn and
loot schools ... and to

31 *87884*85~106
1 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

kill those Blacks in their :

midst whom the ANC
mission in exile, and
those who work with
them, denigrate as being
part of the apartheid sys-
tem.” — Sapa.


On the other hand, they also found that development based on fishing resources
is to a certain extent unstable since it depends, for example, on ecological
and market conditions as well as others.

However, looking at the situation such as it really exists in Cape Verde, due
to its small market, any development concentrated on fishing will necessarily
imply that most of the catch will be used for exports, which is true of Iceland.
Hence, they say, it is necessary to create conditions for the sale of these
products on the market,

As the experts emphasize, "The study now conducted is not a fishing industry
development strategy for Cape Verde since there is a big difference in this
area between the two countries." However, they noted, "There is much that we
can use in the Icelandic model, And when we talk about the Icelandic model,
this does not mean that we should simply transfer that country's situation
to Cape Verde, What we are trying to do is to learn the way in which this
model works, its development stages, and the methods that were adopted."

5058
cso: 3442/6



MOZAMBIQUE

AIM Releases More Extracts From MNR Diary
(THE STAR, 1 Oct 85) seeseveseeee

Government's Price Liberalization Not Showing Expected Results
(Paul Fauvet; MOTO, Oct 85)

Intense Research Could Predict Nation's Petroleum Future
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Sep 85) .

NAMIBIA

Western Power Could Recognize Nation Soon .
(THE STAR, 26 Sep 85) .esccccevevcsccececcereerersereerees

Transitional Government Parallels Seen With Rhodesia
(THE STAR, 1 Oct 85) sesvecsecteeccneceeeteteceeeseerenees

Pressure Mounts for South Africa
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Oct 85) seseccceeceececerceececeeseceveres

New Council Gazetted
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 85) secseeeeeveccevceceeseccecersecses

Briefs
Tribesman Shot Dead

NIGERIA

Kano Governor Swears in Cabinet, Lists Priorities
(Yakubu 0. Attah; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 15 Sep 85) ..

Kaduna Governor Advises Against IMF Loan
(Issa Aremu; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 15 Sep 85) .......

Akpan Calls for Domestic Alternative to IMF
(SUNDAY TIMES, 15 Sep 85) ...

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Fisheries Cooperation With Spain Outlined
(Martinho Tavares; AFRICA JORNAL, 11 Sep 85) .eseeeeeeeeee

SENEGAL

Briefs
Libyan Food Donation

39

41

43

45

46

48

49

50

51

53

55

56

58


"We are happy about this programme. Apart from the close cooperation
which Austria has with Zimbabwe in the iron and steel industry, this is
a new high-technology project. Austria Metall is one of the only three
companies in the world who have the know-how in this field."

Aluminium Industries extrudes aluminium sections and roll aluminium ‘foil.
The company also has an anodising service and casting division which makes

aluminium castings.

cso: 3400/94

145



ISSUES SURROUNDING GORONGOZA DOCUMENTS FILE VIEWED

pohannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Oct 85 p 13 4

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

Amid the sad decay of downtown
Maputo the Rovuma Hotel is a shining
new building that stands out like a
petunia in an onion patch. .

Ina starkly elegant hall in this hotel
the Mozambique Government this
week called together the world’s Press
to present its evidence of South
African breaches of the Nkomati
Accord.

It was an appropriate setting for an
exercise whose efficiency contrasted
starkly with the impression of

dilapidation that strikes visitors to the .

city.

Marxist Mozambique the information
and public relations systern does.

Even the most critical observer
would be hard put to fault the Maputo
Government’s handling of the Nkomati
crisis, in terms of both diplomacy and
public relations — which are much the
same thing in the end.

For months Maputo had been
complaining of South African breaches
of the Nkomati agreement but had
come up with no proof. According to
Maputo’s story, it came across a
veritable treasure chest of proof when

its armed forces stormed the rebel. |

MNR’s headquarters at Gorongoza on
August 28.

From “dozens of kilos” of documents
allegedly seized at the camp the
Frelimo Government extracted two

cso: 3400/134
'

att

Whatever else might not work in”

notebooks and a diary which it said
contained details of South African
support for the MNR both before and
after the signing of the Nkomati
Accord.
A month later extracts, translated
into English and nicely bound into two
‘volumes, were presented to the world
in the Rovuma Hotel conference room.
Several hundred copies were available,
enough for all the international Press
representatives present. Security
Minister Sergio Vieira’s analysis in
Portuguese was translated by an
interpreter clearly born and raised in
Britain.

There was a break for cold drinks?
‘and biscuits before the minister took
questions.

If genuine, the material would
; indeed be damning confirmation of
| Maputo's complaints.

Recalling Frelimo’s close
association with the Soviets and the
latter’s expertise in forging damning
evidence for .international
,consumption, one approaches the
‘Gorongoza documents with caution.

But if they are concocted forgeries
they are remarkably well done. It
would have taken a brilliant
propagandist with an intimate
knowledge of matters in both South

37

JPRS*SSA~85~106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

Africa and Mozambique to have
; compiled the notes that were included
in photocopy form in the two volumes.

If it were to come to a credibility
contest between Maputo and Pretoria
then Maputo would have a head start
in overseas eyes.

Against South Africa’s record of

| reversed accounts of international
operations, Mozambique has a clean

In addition to being distributed at
the Maputo news conference the

| documents have been extensively

reported by the government news
agency, AIM, which runs a
sophisticated service that puts out
telexed news items as well as mailed
features.

However, their accuracy might be
challenged, the Gorongoza documents
are bound to have a considerable
impact in an outside world ready to
believe the worst about South Africa.

Mozambique's efficient presentation

* of them will ensure that.



JPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT ECONOMIC POLICY CRITICIZED
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 4 Sep 85 p 1
(Article: "Years of Mismanagement--Bankruptcy Threatens S.A."]

[Text] The Government's years of economic mismanagement have taken their
toll. By the time this paper went to press it was announced that for the
first time in history South Africa cannot repay its foreign loans.

The disastrous decline of the rand to just 36 American cents has finally
proved that the Government's free-market monetary policy has finally failed.
All hope of an economic revival in the near future is now gone, while an even
higher rate of inflation is expected by economists. Authoritative economists
agree that South Africa's current crisis has not been caused as much by
political conditions as by the absence of control measures and weak
management.

Dr Johan Cloete, chief economist of Barclay's Bank, told DIE AFRIKANER that
the faulty policy of sky-high interest rates which the Reserve Bank has
pursued for years has let South African companies borrow abroad without taking
the risk of the value of the rand fully into consideration. Now the overseas
creditors want to call up their loans at the same time. The rand is falling
and lenders are suffering severe losses.

Failure

The Reserve Bank could have foreseen the political whims abroad and protected
the country against them, Dr Cloete says. Abolishing the financial rand was a
blunder, and the free money market that the Reserve Bank instituted has now
turned out to be a costly failure. The present view is that the rate of
exchange should rectify the mistakes of domestic economic policy, but that
leads to unnecessary fluctuations in the value of the rand. A balanced
economic policy should keep the value of the rand in equilibrium.
Fluctuations in the value of the rand cause speculations with the monetary
unit so that every financial pinch becomes a huge crisis. The monetary
authorities have now totally crushed the country's economic growth, Dr Cloete
says. The attractiveness of a healthy economy grows; and attractive
prospects for profit, which have lured overseas investments to South Africa,
are now lacking. These sober business considerations, and not politics, are

68


JPRS*SSA+85~106
31 October 1985

‘SOUTH AFRICA

PUBLIC URGED TO EXPRESS OPINION ON NEW POLICY
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 13 Sep 85 p 8

(Commentary by Willie Kuhn in "Political Picture" column: "Come On, Fellow
Citizens--It's Time to Help Finalize Rights"]

[Text] Now expectations are actually starting to be realized! What Durban
did not bring about was started by President P. W. Botha's Bloemfontein
speech. And in political circles one says that more changes are on the way.

This gives meaning to the famous Rubicon phrase. Such words are not spoken
lightly, and that is exactly why certain announcements make it clear that
South Africa is in the process of making the most fundamental adjustment in
decades.

Shortly after he became prime minister, Mr John Vorster gave a speech in
Bloemfontein which has had a drastic influence on the course of events in
South Africa. It was the statement about Basil D'Oliveira; afterward it was
acknowledged that this has become almost the most important factor in the
sport attack against South Africa, and that it brought political results which
are being felt even now.

Now there is President Botha's Bloemfontein speech, which attacks the essence
of a system which has been developed since 1948 by means of hundreds of laws
and regulations. Some people justly call this the end of the Verwoerdian
dream of a number of nations, each of which was to enjoy its own political and
economic freedom.

That dream never took into account economic laws which were unable to create
viability on paper and political sentiments which would not abandon black
claims to South Africa.

Then was that dream entirely futile? one is apt to ask. Definitely not, as
evidenced by the statement of President Kaiser Matanzima of Transkei after
President Botha's announcement the day before yesterday. He labeled it "an
interesting political innovation," but added that it would not affect the
people of Transkei because that country is independent and has no connection
with South Africa's politics.

77



365069

= JPRS-SSA-85-106

: 31 October 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

. - [FBIS] FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

NRTOWAL tecunical || eee
INFORMATION SERVICE | |. APBroved for public release; |] A
| Us. DEPARTMENT 9% COMMERCE _., Distribution Unlimited... :

DOF



competing in South Africa. In Keke's case it is the threat of withheld state
support which is interpreted as a new, tougher government policy.

The new policy should obviously also apply to the state companies even if we
are not even aiming for a total boycott, as long as it is not carried out
internationally.

Ele Alenius (People's Democratic League) says that he has repeatedly brought
up the trade with South Africa in the administrative council.

[Alenius] Previously no one was interested in the question. Now perhaps
greater interest could be mustered. The principle of measures against South
Africa is important. I have always worked for it.

[Question] Do you promise to do everything in order for Outokumpu to halt the
trade?

[Alenius] Whom should I promise that?
{Question] The readers of HUFVUDSTADSBLADET.

[Alenius] I have always been faithful to my ideals, although people don't
seem to believe it. I work for what I believe in without all the journalists
in the world extracting promises from me!

Valmet

Foreign Minister Jermu Laine (Social Democratic Party), who is chairman of
Valmet's administrative council, does not want to differentiate between state-
owned or private companies when it concerns South Africa.

[Laine] The government is opposed to the racial discrimination policy in
South Africa and potential measures should apply to all companies. It think
that is reasonable. Even state companies have to function according to
economic rules and they cannot be placed in a less favorable situation.

[Question] But don't you think that the state companies have a special
responsibility in this kind of question?

[Laine] No.

[Question] So you cannot promise to work in Valmet's administrative council
for a halt to exports to South Africa?

[Laine] An export ban is not within the competence of the administrative
council but lies under the operational leadership. If anything is to be done
in order really to influence conditions in South Africa, it must be done on a
broad front. For example, joint Nordic urging in the UN is of greater
importance than if individual companies for moral reasons halts their exports.

103



"I also explained that the cases of detainees are reviewed and decisions taken
whether they should be released. We pointed out to them that the constitution
of Zimbabwe was paramount to us as a sovereign state and owe allegiance to it.

"We said we were not happy to be cross-questioned about it.

"I was angry with the committee and demanded to know where: they had been told
Zapu officials were being detained because of their opposition to a one-party
state.

"We pointed out that Zapu had never spoken against a one~party state and that
in any case no one could be detained now for opposing that idea because there
was no one-party state in Zimbabwe at the moment."

Cde Mutasa said eventually they were told IPU had had its information from
Amnesty International. "On our way from the conference we passed through
émnesty's headquarters in London and asked to know whete they had got the in-
formation they fed to IPU."

The information, said Cde Mutasa, had been based on assumptions.

"We have asked the IPU committee of the human rights to come here and discuss
with us here and not depend on reports which are distorted. We asked them why
not come to Zimbabwe and see if they will still adhere to the same thinking.
We have nothing to hide."

Cde Mutasa said Zimbabwe had been chosen to host an African regional confer-
ence on agricutlure in developing countries next year in November.

The IPU conference dealt with issues on contributions of parliaments to the
International Youth Year with particular regard to a full exercise of youth
to education, vocational training and social security.

The rpomotion of judicial and other means of combating illicit international
drug trafficking.

Contributions to parliaments towards determining and consolidating the work of
decolonisation was started 40 years ago by the United Nations. There was a

general discussion on political and economic situations aimed at removing the
foreign debt on developing countries.

cSO: 3400/118

126


Private Participation in Agricultural Ventures Welcome
(James Mensah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 30 Sep 85) .....e0

Ecologist Warns Against Spread of Water Hyacinth
(Richie H, Attionu; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Oct 85) ....

Canadians To Resume Oil Exploration Work
(Faustina Ashirifie; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Oct 85)

GDR Road Construction Equipment Arrives
(Albert Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Oct 85) weceeserees

Briefs
Tribal Conflicts in Bawku
Private Diamond Winners Receive Equipment
Towns Threatened by Erosion
Yugoslav Company Donates Drugs

GUINEA

Conakry Radio on Foreign Exchange Measures
(Conakry Domestic Service, 6 Oct 85) ..

Blame Placed on Lebanese for Gold-Smuggling Incident
(Ibrahima Kalil Diare; HOROYA; 12 Sep 85) .esscceeececeees

GUINEA-BISSAU

Struggle for Development Since Independence Outlined
(AFRICA HOJE, Aug 85) .eccccecececececvcvevcverreseeececs

Secretary Bernardino Cardoso Discusses Foreign Cooperation
(Bernardino Cardoso Interview; AFRICA HOJE, Aug 85) .....+

MAURITIUS
Economic Renaissance of South Africa's Friendly Trading Partner
(Sydney Duval; WEEKEND ARGUS, 21 Sep 85) ..secceceeceeeece
MOZAMBIQUE

MNR Headquarters Now Refugee Camp
(THE HERALD, 20 Sep 85) ..

Machel Gives Views on Foreign Leaders' Dealings With Africa
(THE CITIZEN, 30 Sep 85) ..secseeseeeceves

Issues Surrounding Gorongoza Documents File Viewed
(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 2 Oct 85) ......

Maputo Pinpoints Airstrips Used To Fly in Supplies to Renamo
(Gerald L'Ange; SUNDAY STAR, 22 Sep 85) .........

-b-

13

14

15

19

20

23

27

31

33

35

37

38


[Question] So your party comrade Kaarina Suonio and you take widely different
views of this issue?

[Laine] “As long as one is in the government one must see to what is possible.
It is possible to send out moral signals, but if results are desired it must
take place on a broad front.

[Question] But don't you think that it is silly to stop Keke Rosberg while
major state-owned companies are able to export freely?

[Laine] You could say that. But on the other hand it is logical to follow
the recommendations issued by the UN for culture and sports.

[Question] Do you intend to bring the question of Valmet's South Africa
export before the administrative council?

[Laine] No, not personally. We cannot do more than discuss the matter; we
cannot decide anything.

Member of Parliament Pirjo Ala-Kapee (Social Democrat):

[Ala-Kapee] We have a meeting of the administrative council on.Tuesday and
then the matter will be brought up. The thing must be discussed.

[Question] Do you. promise to do everything in your power to halt exports to
South Africa?

[Ala-Kapee] The principle is that now we must do something.
Member of Parliament Juhani Tuomaala (Center Party):

[Tuomaala] Te is not the administrative council which ‘decides questions of
this kind but that decision is taken by the operational leadership.

[Question] Do you promise to do everything in your power to halt exports?
[Tuomaala] I usually don't promise anything but I will do my best.

[Question] Your best to get a halt to Valmet's export?"

[Tuomaala] Well, now, I want a discussion of the issue. We must also get
more information regarding this. According to my knowledge there is no direct
export to South Africa, : .

[Question] Then what is there?

[Tuomaala] Well, it is more some form of economic cooperation, I believe. -

104


The impediments to development were mounting, and their negative effect was
reinforced by the large deficits in the public budget and in the foreign
accounts,

Moreover, there were monumental mistakes in the investment policy, a typical
case being the Cumere agroindustrial complex, in which about $28 million was
invested, tying up the country's exchange revenues and weighing significantly
on the foreign debt service.

Overall Strategy

The structural problems and the marked disequilibrium in the budget, the balance
of payments, prices, the exchange rate, etc., led the Government of Guinea-
Bissau to adopt an overall strategy, in three distinct phases.

The first phase, now in progress, is basically ae of economic~financial stabili-
zation; the second phase is one of rebalancing the economy; and, finally, the
third phase is one of independent economic development.

Thus the short-range policy is integrated with the medium- and long-range policy.
The objectives are to achieve food selfrsufficiency, to bring the prices to

the producer into line with production costs and to bring about a profound
institutional reform of the marketing sector.

This reform would appeal to the private sector to participate in the economy,
to increase production for the domestic market and to deliver to the official
marketing channels products which were being exported on the parallel market,

Finally, another objective of the outlined policy is to control public expendi-
tures, to curb the increasingly sharp rise in the public debt.

Although Guinea-Bissau has the structural characteristics of a "less advanced
country" (PMA) and is in a difficult situation at this time, it also presents,
as we said before, good development potential in the fields of agriculture,
forestry, fishing and mining. These are, incidentally, the sectors which are
considered to have priority in the economic development effort.

Despite this potential, recent development has been weak and current trends
have been preoccupying. The Bissau authorities recognize that several factors
have contributed to this situation, from human and institutional difficulties
to the lack of qualified cadres and manpower at the several levels of adminis~
tration and the various problems in mounting effective mechanisms for the direc-
tion and management of the economy. In addition to these factors, the agri~
culture sector is profoundly influenced by climatic irregularities, with fre-
quent droughts, which severely affected farm production in 1977, 1979 and 1980,
for. example,

‘Backward Practice’ Condemned

All the problems are immediately sensed, if not observed, by the visitor when

he disembarks in Bissau. After a few days, the stereotypes which certain reports
about African-Portuguese-speaking or otherwise~-have led him to expect may

give way to some surprises. The first surprise is the existence of a society

in which order and respect for the individual are primordial facts of life.

25



BUTHELEZI REJECTS CHAMBER FOR BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 3,
\
[Text] BERNE. — Chief Mangosothu Buthelezi announced
here yesterday that he would continue to reject South
Africa’s new constitution even if a fourth chamber for
Blacks was created in its idiom.

He told a meeting of Swiss Parliamentarians that the
existing South African Parliamentary system made a
“mockery of democracy” and he referred to the Consti-

; tution as an “abortion.”

The KwaZulu Chief Minister and Inkatha President
conceded there had been some reforms under Mr Bo-
tha, but claimed most had flowed from economic or
White-political imperatives.

Chief Buthelezi said that the only reform steps
“which perhaps one can be less cynical about” were the
stated intentions of scrapping the pass laws and review-
ing influx control. ©

“However,” he said, “while the Government retains
the Population Registration Act and the Group Areas
Act, the relaxation of influx control regulations and the
pass laws must meet with qualified approval.”

!” Chief Buthelezi presented the Swiss Parliamentari-
ans with a detailed description of the composition and
functions of the tricameral parliament, the role of the
President’s Council, the executive powers of the State
President and the ethnic concepts of what were called
“Own Affairs” and “Common Affairs.” — Sapa.

cso: 3400/169

84

JPRS*SSA“85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS“SSA+85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE REAFFIRMS NON-VIOLENT LABOR PARTY POLICY
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 17 Sep 85 p 12
(Editorial: "The Two Choices"]

(Text] The strict choices South Africans from all population groups are
facing today have been spelled out once again by the Reverend Allan Hendrickse
at the Transvaal congress of his party: peaceful reform or violent
revolution.

The choice of the Labor Party and the Reverend Hendrickse, a leader who
himself was arrested in previous disturbances, is clear, significantly so.
Precisely because of that there were all those attacks on the lives and
possessions of prominent leaders of the party. Mr Luwellyn Landers, deputy
minister of Community Development, was in the hospital for a long time after
he had been seriously wounded in a cowardly bombing attack.

In spite of that, the Reverend Hendrickse has reaffirmed his party's
commitment to peaceful reform and said that he will not be turned away from
the course he has taken by people who promote revolution and violence. He
gave the assurance that the democratically elected representatives of his
party will carry out their task steadfastly. South Africa is only now
entering the era of true reform, and that is to some extent thanks to his
party.

His warning about the attack on the family, the heart of a nation, must be
taken seriously by all reasonable South Africans. They must be on their guard
that the radicals don't destroy the family under the slogan of freedom and
undermine all forms of authority. In the current unrest in the country young
people and children have been utilized to fan the flames of violence. They had
to throw rocks, start fires, instigate boycotts and attack and kill people--
and in the process they seriously damaged their own future.

The Reverend Hendrickse realizes that his community, the country as a whole
for that matter, must not deteriorate into a state of increasing chaos.
Violence breeds violence and can ultimately destroy anything of value. A
revolution can even consume its own children. The spiral of bloodshed and
destruction thus must be broken.

79



JPRS*SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

CHAD

BRIEFS

NEW ATP DIRECTOR--Mr Gata Nder, the new director of ATP [Chadian Press Agency],
named last week by presidential decree, was installed in his new position on

4 September by Mr Bealoum Emmanuel Touade, Mr Gata Nder, who succeeds Mr
Soumaine Sadiga Tenna, has been with ATP since 1976. He has been
editor-in-chiet since 1980. [Text] [Ndjamena INFO-TCHAD in French 5 Sep85 p 8]
951

BEC AGRICULTURAL AID--The Commission of the European Communities has approved
financing in the amount of 5,635,000 ECU (Buropean Currency Units], equivalent
+o Fr OFA 1.9 billion, for implementation of the “Sudanese Zone Agricultural
Program" proposed by the Chadian Government. The project, which will be carried
out in the primary agricultural region of the country, and which will be part
of a program supported by other external assistance, is intended to improve
production and marketing of subsistence village agriculture. The production
environment will be improved upstream by support for peasant initiatives,
increased availability of production inputs and appropriate infrastructure; and
downstream by appropriate services and communication. In particular, community
contributions will go toward the following objectives: increasing production,
development of village production groups, and improvement of marketing
conditions for basic foodstuffs. The project is expected to last for 3
agricultural seasons, and its financing, which is on a grant basis, comes from
the resources of the Fifth EDF [European Development Fund]. [Text] [Ndjamena
INFO-TCHAD in French 2 Sep 85 pp 2-3] 9516

9516
CSO : 3419/596



+106
SPRS+SSA+85~10
31 October 1985

NAMIBIA

NEW COUNCIL GAZETTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 85 p 17

| [Text]

WINDHOEK. —Legislation on the es-
tablishment of a constitutional council
for South West Africa was enacted in the
Government Gazette in Windhoek yes-
terday, it was reported.

The council, which forms part of the SWA_

transitional government, would consist of 16
members and a chairman.

It was expected to convene today behind
closed doors to begin drawing up a draft con-
stitution for the territory, according to earlier
reports,

The council chairman, Mr Piet van der Byl,
said it would be his primary function to en-

sure that all parties represented in the council -

were afforded equal opportunities in the con-
stitution-making process.
The Administrator-General of SWA, Mr

Louis Pienaar, last week appointed Mr Van’:
. der Byl as a judge of the SWA Supreme

Court with effect trom today.

Mr Van der Byl’s new position as a Su-
preme Court Judge qualifies him to preside
over proceedings of the constitutional coun-

cil, but his appointment to the judiciary has +
provoked criticism from the Windhoek Bar

Council and two transitional cabinet mem-
bers, Mr Andreas Shipanga and Mr Moses
Katjiuongua.

The council has to complete its work within’!

24 months.

CsO: 3400/157

|
“Ina stdlement published yesterday, the '

49

chairman of the Windhoek Bar Council, Mr
Bryan O’Linn, said the council had learned
with “shock and dismay” of the develop-
ment, aimed at complying with requirementg
that a judge or retired judge should preside
over proceedings of the constitutional coun-
cil.

“It holds serious consequences forthe ad-
ministration of justice and the credibility of
the Supreme Court of SWA,” he said.

According to earlier reports, several judges

had been approached to take the position but
they had all declined. :

The statement said that in a letter dated
September 16, and in subsequent meetings,»
Mr Berker had indicated that Mr Van der‘
Byl’s proposed appointment was not accept- *

able to him.

Mr Shipanga and Mr Katjiuongua said the °
decision to go ahead with the appointment *

had been taken one-sidedly by the Minister of

Finance and Government Affairs, Mr Dirk

Mudge.

In view of the controversy that had now
arisen, the appointment should be recon- :

sidered, they said. — Sapa.



BRITISH RADAR SYSTEM NOT BEING USED BY MILITARY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Sep 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/130

LONDON — A £48-million radar wt
tem which Plessey sold to South Africa
was not being used for military pur-
poses, the company said yesterday.

It denied claims that by selling the
system it had broken the United Na-
tions arms embargo.

There have been reports that the
equipment, shipped to South Africa in
the late 1970s, was.an AR-3D radar sys-
tem which, updated in 1981, was now
able to track and target air and ground
targets within a 500 km range.

The company said the system had
been exported with full British Govern-
ment approval. The Foreign Office said
approval was first granted to Plessey
to export.the system in December 1974,
three years before the UN embargo
was introduced.

In 1977 the licences were examined
again and revalidated. Equipment
needed to update the project had been
approved in 1978,

The Foreign Office said the system
could be seen as having dual military
and civil capability but that no one had
produced evidence that in South Africa
it had actually been used for military
purposes. If evidence were produced
the Government would examine it.

91

JPRS+*SSA85«

106

31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA“85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT CRITICIZED FOR GET-TOUGH APPROACH
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 6 Sep 85 p 14
{Editorial: "Shooting Politics"]

(Text] After a long silence about the security situation, Dr Andries
Treurnicht has at last come out with some words which sound rather
bloodthirsty. Namely, At a press conference in Johannesburg the CP
{Conservative Party] leader called upon the Government to "unleash" the
security forces to end the unrest in colored residential areas rather than use

Although we recognize that this comes from a politician who is rather known
for his hit-and-run methods, such language in the current situation can hardly
be regarded as other than extremely irresponsible. The only deduction that
can be made from this is that Dr Treurnicht means that policemen and soldiers
should be "unleashed" to start shooting in the areas of unrest. Is any other
interpretation possible?

Such CP vigor comes at a time when the country yearns instead for the calming
of overheated emotions. An ever stronger plea for ending the violence is
coming from colored ranks, which is apparent from the interviews that DIE
BURGER had yesterday with a large number of colored members of parliament.
The same disposition is significantly encountered in black areas where the
state of emergency has been proclaimed and which have recently been visited by
members of the Government, including the State President. Moreover, the
Dutch South African churches, including the NG [Dutch Reformed] Church and its
sister churches, are holding a nationwide day of prayer on Sunday to "pray
together to God for more Christian love, mutual understanding and tolerance."
But Dr Treurnicht wants to practice shooting politics. His reckless bravado
about riots is supplemented with attacks on the Government over economic
setbacks, something which is just as striking. What economic insight can be
expected of a party leader who, for example, wants to declare the Transvaal
PWV [Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging] area a white heartland?

Such daydreams would also certainly have to be realized by shooting politics;
as a matter of fact, shooting is indeed actually the answer to all political
problems for ultra-rightists like Dr Treurnicht. He has already clearly
committed himself against any policy of negotiating with Blacks in the
Government's forum. The shooting syndrome has already been experienced in

70


JPRS*SSA~85~106
31 October 1985

MAURITIUS

ECONOMIC RENAISSANCE OF SOUTH AFRICA'S FRIENDLY TRADING PARTNER

Cape Town WEEKEND ARGUS in English 21 Sep 85 p 4

i
;[Article by Sydney Duval]

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICAN businessmen who frequent :
‘Mauritius are watching the island’s economic

renaissance with growing admiration.

Their interest is understandable. There are
old ties between the two nations and belea-
guered South Africa enjoys a heavily favourable
trade balance: exports worth R59,1 million, im-
ports R4,3 million.

After France, South Africa shares second spot
with Britain as the island’s main source of im-
ports, excluding petroleum products. And South
Africans make up 22,7 percent (33 000) of the is-
land’s tourist trade in which there is a big South
African investment.

The blacksmithing behind the vigorous Mauri-
tian economy shows it’s never too late to learn
from mistakes.

When the Socialist-Militant alliance came to
power in 1982, the island’s old money and pri-
vate enterprise got the fright of their lives.

But the bogey of rhetoric and ideology soon
proved larger than life. The alliance fell out, the
militants lost ground to the centre and the old
money soon found its nerve and its customary
affability,

Ironically, it was Militant leader Paul Beran-
ger who allowed Sol Kerzner to expand Sun In-
ternational’s interest in the island.

Socialism and capitalism have since found
they can work together, especially when a so-
cialist government acknowledges that to over-
tax the barons of commerce and industry ulti-
mately reduces jobs with disastrous
consequences for an island bedevilled by high
unemployment, currently 70 000 (including 1200
graduates and post-graduates) out of a popula-
tion of 1 million.

Self-interested pragmatism and the individ-
ualistic flair of the informal economy, two na-
tional characteristics, have emerged once more
to redirect the island’s development — a lesson
in realism for mainland Africa’s many misman-

31

aged economies. The results: a growth rate of
3,5 percent, inflation down to 5,6 percent, 18 000
new igbs last year, a period of prosperity and
stability unknown since independence from Bri-
tain nearly 20 years ago, a sharply improved
credit rating in Europe and the East, and the
creation of a new international trading post — a

Hong Kong of the Indian Ocean.

Though sugar is still the pivot of the economy,
tourism is now a major contributor, agricultural
diversification is a national priority, the textile
industry is booming, and the capital Port Louis
is now flanked by factories and service indus-
tries that flourish where once sisal, scrub and
cane grew. .

Tourism is now running at 145.000 a year. In
1966 the island had no hotels of international
stature. By 1976 it could boast some of the finest
coastal resorts in the world, with the indigenous
Mauritian Beachcomber foun spreading its in-
terests from one end of the island to the other.

Expansion of the national carrier Air Mauriti-
us, which leases Boeing 707s and a 747 from
SAA, and international air traffic speeded up
the tempo of trade.

A dynamic instrument of development has
been the creation of the Export Processing
Zones to attract foreign investment. EPZ ex-
ports are now worth R171,9 million (total do-
mestic exports R557,7 million), 18 percent up on
last year.

In 1973 there were 33 EPZ enterprises em-
ploying 5721. In 1976 there were 84 employing
17 163, in 1979 there were 98 employing 20 500, in
1982 there were 115 employing 24 720. EPZ prod-
ucts include canned tuna, yarn, precious and
semi-precious stones, garments (knitted and not
kitted), gloves, spectacles, watch movements,
toys, jewellery.

i u
1



JPRS*SSA+85~*106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

INTENSE RESEARCH COULD PREDICT NATION'S PETROLEUM FUTURE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Sep 85 p 10

[Text] Since 1981, Mozambique has signed fishing contracts with various
multinational companies whose intensity can determine the country's petro~
leum future ever since 1903 or 1904, the time petroleum prospecting began
Mozambican territory.

The latest fishing agreements were signed in 1983 and 1984 with two American
companies and two English companies, respectively; they make it possible to
extend the work of identifying petroleum-containing areas out to the sea;
this has until now been done in on-shore areas.

In 1983, Shell and Esso signed contracts for the exploration of the Rovuma
basin, while AMOCO, a subsidiary of Standard 0i1 in 1984 obtained prospect—
ing rights in four blocks in the Zambeze basin; British Petroleum got three
similar rights in the southern part of the country's continental shelf.

Interest in Mozambican subsoil grew above all with the discovery of.gas
producing wells; according to specialists, Mozambique holds the world's
seventh-largest reserve. According to these experts, the existence of gas--
whose conversion into ammonia and urea (fertilizers) can be a reliable
source of foreign exchange for the country--may be linked to the presence
of petroleum sheets on Mozambican territory which have not yet been prospected
in their entirey and whose eastern portion, covering about 2,470 kilometers
of coastline faces toward the Indian Ocean where it is believed that there
may be real geological treasures. As a matter of fact, data on the history
of prospecting work done until now show that almost no activity of this
type was cafried out before independence on the maritime shelf. Off-shore
prospecting thus has opened up a new chapter in the hope of finding black
gold.

Expectations in Mozambique have led to the revival. of interest and work on
the part of petroleum companies while Mozambican authorities--with a view
to activities in keeping with the country's economic necessities and
demonstrating their interest in this sector--in July created...[words
missing in original]. Activities are being continued, as of this moment
without any kind of confirmation of any discovery considered to be of
commercial value; reports as to the opening of oil wells relate to the
period when Mozambique achieved independence and are generally considered
speculative.

43



The financial crash reveals that South Africa, for some time now, has been
living above its means with borrowed money. Just as the North Sea oil in
Great Britain, gold in South Africa covered up the fact that its citizens
were spending far more foreign currency than they could actually afford on
the basis of sales of finished products.

When in January, 1980 the price of gold reached its highest level of $ 850
per ounce, the country earned more than enough in order to pay for its
enormous import requirements. But the steady decline of gold prices to the
present level of not.quite $ 320 shrank Pretoria's reserves of gold and
foreign currency.

The South Africans had.no difficulty in borrowing the necessary foreign
currency from banks: abroad. :..Since 1982, foreign debts mounted quickly.
When the worldwide recession spread.to South Africa over 2 years ago, the
government and public enterprises financed their enormously growing
expenditures largely with borrowed money. With interest rates of up to 25
percent, it paid to borrow cheaper money abroad.

Now, loans for de Kock can only be had for gold pledges. And the gold
reserves are also dwindling noticeably. At the end of 1980, Pretoria still
had 12 million ounces of gold reserves--at last count, there were only 6.5
million ounces (worth about $ 2 billion).

Anthony Richardson of the South Africa department of the London finance
company Rowe and Pitman thinks that "under present circumstances, probably
no one will want to lend money to the South Africans.”

South Africa's leading businessmen apparently see it the same way. They
charged Gavin Relly, chairman of the largest private South African
enterprise, the Anglo-American Corporation, to fly to Lusaka in Zambia at
the head of a delegation of entrepreneurs. Purpose of the trip: talks with
the leaders of the liberation movement African National Congress, outlawed
in South Africa, on possibilities of a political solution.

BUSINESS DAY in Johannesburg commented: “perhaps an act of desperation.”

112


PRESSURE MOUNTS FOR SOUTH AFRICA

fohannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Oct 85 p 13
l

could be achieved only on

the basis of meaningful

participation in elections

[Text] WINDHOEK.
West Africa oil” "bet
under no illusion that i

ternationat pressure : . by Swapo.”
would be mounting on . Mr: Pienaar said the
South Africa to resolve ¢ . question that arose was
the territory's indepen-* ~ whether the type of re-
dénce dispute, the Ad- gime offered by Swapo
ministrator-General, Mr would be acceptable.
Louis Pienaar, said’ in | * He referred to a state-
Windhoek yesterday. . ‘ -ment by the leader of
Insistence, __internat- . Swapo, Mr Sam Nujoma,
ionally ‘and domestically, who said on September 20
on implementation of ; we that his organisation
United Nations Security would not discriminate
Council Resolution 435° . against Whites.
could not be merely: “One must presume
shrugged off, Mr Pienaar that he (Mr Nujoma) was
told a funcheon of ‘the |" = referring to those Whites,
“ South African Institute of , apparently. like certain
Civil Engineers. a ‘collaborator-journalists’
South Africa had’. that we know who could
reached agreements with. . possibly stomach his sys-
other parties to which im-, . % tem,” Mr Pienaar said.
plementation of the UN; Quoting from Swapo’s
tesolution had _become’ constitution (which is a
conditional.” “3 banned document), Mr

“But that does not’ de-''

ae Pienaar said among Swa-
tract from the fact that :

po’s objectives was the

the people and. political creation of “a democratic

parties of SWA should be secular government

ready one day to partici- founded upon the will and

pate in the type of elec- participation of all the

tions envisaged by (Res- : Namibian people” and a

olution) 435,” he said. i socialist classless society.
“The scene — may | > Sapa.

change, and I am not ex- |
gluding that possibility, |
but judging from matters ;
as they stand at present, °
international recognition
of SWA_ independence

sit
cso: 3400/157
48

JPRS“SSA+*85~106
31 October 1985

NAMIBIA


bbe he Me JPRS+SSA+*85~106
an 31 October 1985

ty ZIMBABWE

PIONEERING FARM CO-OP OPENED BY MUGABE
Harare THE HERALD in English 26 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] The Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, yesterday toured’ Cold Comfort Cooper-
ative: farm. near Harare where for the first. time. in Zimbabwe he officially
opened a co-operative venture..

Speaking before opening: the co-operative, Cde Mugabe’said the function was a
fitting tribute to:Cold Comfort in that the farm had long been established as
a socialist-style co-operative in a country that was then capitalist.

Cold Comfrot: was setup as'!a:co-operative in 1965 and provided "comfort" in
days. of political persecution to political. stalwarts such as Mr Guy Clutton-
Brock, Cde Didymus Mutasa, Cde Moven Mahachi, Cde Arthur Chadzingwa, | Cde New-
ton Nyemupingidza and many: others. who: were the co-operators.

But the farm, was “confiscated by the Smith regine, which alleged it was being
used as: a political front, and at was passed on to private management.

In 1981, “however, the farn reverted to its old hands who were now running it
as a 55-member co-operative under the trusteeship of President Banana and the
chairmanship of Cde Mutasa and his vice-chairman Cde Mahachi, with Cde
Nyamupingidza the treasurer.

Cde Mugabe said yesterday that although he had received several invitations to
open co-operatives before, yesterday's function was his first.

"Cold Comfort has a long history that surpasses other co-operatives. We now
hear that this co-operative started in 1981, but we know it was there long
before when we worked with Guy Clutton-Brock before it was banned by a govern-~
ment that thought it was being used as a political movement.

"But we resolved then to keep the name and the spirit up and as a new Govern-
ment we have kept that spirit," said Cde Mugabe.

He said he had been impressed by the co-operators' spirit of perseverance that
was now beginning to pay dividends.

A socialist co-operative venture and the capitalist system of individualism
shared the same motive; that both were profit-orientated.

133


The search for petroleum in Mozambique began in 1903 or 1904 in the region
of the present-day province of Inhambane but only on land (on-shore). The
The first companies to operate there, especially in the district of
Inharrime, were the so-called "Sindicato do Cabo," followed by "Inhambane
011 Union."

In the meantime, 20 licenses were issued for prospecting in 1905; another one
was issued in 1907 to William Stewart Mitchell and another one was granted
in 1923,

But prospecting began seriously only when the then "Ministry of Colonies"
signed a contract with Gulf Oil, an American company, in 1948; the first
geological experts arrived in Mozambique on 18 June of that year, This con-
tract was later on converted into a concession which, initially, covered only
Gulf O41 and later on, in 1968, the area was worked in conjunction with Pan
American Oil Company. °

In 1968, the colonial government speeded up hydrocarbon prospecting con-
cessions, The 47,718 [square] kilometers of Gulf were thus joined, to the
south of "Sunray," by another 57,200 square kilometers, covering a part of
the continental shelf and, to the north, also including the same shelf for
"Aquitaine," with 36,945 square kilometers, "Hunt" with 20,520 square kilo-
meters, and "Texaco" with the same area,

In 1974, several other companies signed petroleum prospecting agreements and
began their activities although they suspended them thereafter,

After independence, Mozambique signed prospecting agreements in 1981 with
specialized enterprises, such as "GECO," (Norway) and "Western Geophysical,"
(United States), In 1983, it signed an agreement with Esso and Shell and
in 1984 with AMOCO and British Petroleum,

5058
CSO: 3442/6

44


JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MILITARY SELF-SUFFICIENCY VIEWED AS PARTIAL SOLUTION
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 5 Sep 85 p 8
[Editorial: "Other Challenges"]

[Text] A scrap of comforting news this week was the assurance of the minister
of defense that South Africa may before long become entirely self-sufficient
as far as armaments are concerned,

This is an achievement in which few others will be able to copy us. Within a
couple of decades the country's armaments industry has pulled itself out of
isolation. With such success that South Africa now actually sells arms on the
world market.

The confidence and the insight of the then minister of defense--today the state
president--were the stimulus behind this outstanding performance. But it was
also the solid substructure of this country's industrial sector that, so to
speak, helped drag the cannon through the pass. Krygkor and its branches met
the challenge of establishing a self-sufficient armaments industry with dis-
tinction.

But, while we can boast of such an effective mailed fist, emphasis must be
given to other challenges precisely at this period. Just as the weapons was
put on a firm foundation, the entire economy of the country must now once
again be given attention, because it stands on shaky legs.

In addition another giant challenge stands in the path to a peaceful future.
The best weapons in the world will not help us win here. Because it calls for

an entirely different set of virtues and adaptations to prepare the country's
political system against all attacks from within and without.

12906
cso: 3401/286

73



BUTHELEZI GIVES SWISS VIEW OF POST-LIBERATION GOVERNMENT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 10 Oct 85 p 13

| [Text]

cso:

3400/169

LAUSANNE. — Chief
Mangosuthu —_Buthelezi

yesterday gave groups of ,

Swiss civil servants and
academics a sketch in
Lausanne of what he be-
lieved a Government’s

role would need to be ina ;
South

“post-liberation” —
Africa — provided there
was not a military solu-
tion and a one-party Mar-
xist or socialist state.

Whatever else hap-
pened, the KwaZulu

* Chief Minister and Inka-

tha president said, there
would have to be’a gov-
ernment of national re-
conciliation and recon-
struction.

The country would

83

|

have emerged from the
turmoil of transition, and
national unity would re-
main vulnerable.

Politics would be dy-
namic, and those dissi-
dent activists who were
proved wrong because the

armed struggle had not’

«been necessary would be-
come a kind of fifth col-
yumn,

Economic _ expansion,
self-help development
schemes and develop-
ment of the informal sec-
tor would all have to be
' phenomenally successful
if the social and economic
reconstruction of South
Africa were to be tackled
in a stable climate, he
said. — Sapa.

JPRS*“SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA“85*106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO PINPOINTS AIRSTRIPS USED TO FLY IN SUPPLIES TO RENAMO

jTohannesburg SUNDAY STAR in English 22 Sep 85 p 13,

‘[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

At least three airstrips in vari-
ous parts of Mozambique were
used by aircraft that brought
supplies to the Renamo rebels,
according to Maputo sources. ©

And the sources believe
other airstrips may have been
used throughout Mozambique.

The official news agency,
AIM, has reported that Mozam-
bique authorities have docu-

: mented a series of violations of
Mozambique air space by
South African aircraft from
July 1984 to July 1985.

The aircraft were bringing in
military and medical supplies
for the rebels and carrying in-
dividuals to and from the rebel
bases, AIM alleged, in violation
of the Nkomati Accord.

The AIM report was put out |
after South African Foreign
Minister Mr Pik Botha and De-
fence Minister General Magnus ~
Malan admitted that the Nko-
mati Accord was violated sev- j
eral times. !

They insisted the violations ,
were “technical” and aimed at
trying to bring about peace ne-
gotiations between the rebels |
and the Frelimo Government. “|

The South African admi:
sions followed a protest by;
President Samora Machel, who
had summoned Mr Botha to
Maputo to show him a captured <

4

cso: 3400/134

diary written by a Renamo of: ~
ficial named Vaz that docu-
mented alleged South African
violations, .

A snap investigation of the !
allegations was ordered by the
State President and Mr Botha .
said some of the diary entries ,
appeared to correspond with
secretive South African trips

. into Mozambique in the at-
tempt to arrange peace nego- ‘
tiations. +

_* No link has yét been estab-

lished, however, between the
‘admitted South African trips
»and the reports that much of

Renamo’s supplies were being
;; taken to Mozambique along an |
"intricate and secret air route °
, from sympathetic Arab states
' in the Middle East by way of
‘ the Comore Islands in the In- |
dian Ocean.

Sources in Maputo said the |
airstrip referred to by Mr
Botha was believed to be the
one at the Renamo headquar-

j ters in the Gorogonza foothills.

; Known as Casa Banana, it
was recently overrun by Mo-

* zambican forces aided by Zim-

:* babwe troops and aircraft.

z The strip, about 800m long,
had a primitive night landing

t system consisting of long poles
on top of which torches were lit

; to guide incoming planes. E

* This is believed to be the air-

. Strip at which the former Dep .

| uty Foreign Minister, Mr Louis |!

1

38

Nel, landed on a secret flight
into Mozambique, which was
said to have been part of the
South African effort to arrange
, Peace talks, °
The MNR are said to have
had another airstrip in north-
ern Gaza province near the
border with Inhambane prov-
ince and another at its Gara-
gua base in the south of Manica
‘ province.
. Reporting the documentation
_ of alleged South African viola-
tions of Mozambican air Space,
AIM said that in March this
year, after repeated protests
by Mozambique that the Nko-
mati Accord was being violat-
| ed, the South African authori-.
ties announced that radar sys-
; tems were being installed
i along the border with Mozam-‘
bique to detect any illegal
flights from the Republic. :

Yet the violations co1
said AIM, mined


JPRS*SSA=85+106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

ZANU (PF) SECRETARY: TRADE WITH WEST HOLDS UP SOCIALIST DIALOG

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Oct 85 p 5

[Text ]

A DIALOGUE with the socialist countries is
necessary to establish trade relations that do
not involve the use of the United States dollar
or the British pound, the Zanu (PF) secretary
for foreign affairs Cde Didymus Mutasa, said

yesterday.

He told The Herald:
“Relations with other
socialist countries are
very important to main-
tain,

“We are in our position
because of the assistance ;
that the socialist coun- |
tries have given ug and/
we would like now to |
consolidate Zimbabwe's |
relationship with them.” |

In terms of trade this |
wap costly at present,
“because before trading:
with the socialist coun-
tries we have to buy the
American dollar, the
British pound or the
Swiss franc, making the
totality of trade more
ex] ive than if we were
able to deal with them
directly in our own cur-
rencies”,

He saiq that probably
the Minister of Finance,
Ecdnomic Planning and
Development, Dr: Bernard
Chidzero, “hag got to
advise us as best he can
on how we can trade with
our friends, re;
our common moneys as
useful”,

Cde Mutasa, who 1s also
the Speaker of the House
of Assembly and was re-
cently appointed the
party's secretary for
foreign affairs, said that |
as the party was supreme
1!

csO: 3400/149

to the Government, his
functions would “include
supervising the Ministry
of Foreign Affairs’.

He waid he would dis-
cuss a number of ideas
with the Minister of
Foreign Affairs, “and get
the ministry streamfined
in its external’ duties
with regard to ambas-
sadors overseas so that
they are not only looking
at the functions of Gov-
ernment but also at those
of the party’.

It would mean that
“our ambassadors and
High Corhmissioners who
are members of the party’
would also assume the
role of party representa-
tives”.

Asked to Ust Zimba-
bwe's priorities im foreign
affairs, he said that the
struggle against apart-
heid was ‘the most {m-
portant issue.

124

“I want to single out
the things at our door-
step, because we are next.
door to apartheid and as
a Frontline State, wheth-
er we ike it or not, we
cannot escape the prob-
Jems of apartheid.”

Another issue of im-
portance was the culti-
vation of close relations
with members of the Non-
Aligned Movement, “with-
out forgetling that there
are people in the West
that need to be educat-
ed",

It was relatively easy
do work with members
of the Non-Aligned Move-.
ment, because there one
was working with friends,
But more “efforts have to
he directed to those who
do not understand what
we are doing, in order to
explain to them why we
have chosen the one-
party state and socialism
@s our goal’, Cde Mu-

; taso said,

He said the success of
hig task of explaining
such issues {0 govern-
ments and parties out-
aide Zimbabwe would de-
pend on how they were

; “drummed home ‘to our
: people and how they were

successfully practised in
Zimbabwe", ,

If there was no success
to show in Zimbabwe,
the task of convincing
outsiders that the one-
Party state and soclalism
were good policies for
Zimbabwe would be more
difficult.

'
Y


[Rantala] It is not individual companies which decide the policy. Directives
must come from the government that apply to all of Finland, preferably in
consultation with the rest of Scandinavia.

Pekka Rantala insists that Ahlstrom is following the government's decisions
and can act earlier in a phase where the trend generally leans toward a
boycott.

"But in this phase we are exporting as before without restrictions," Pekka
Rantala says.

Kajaani

Managing director Juhani Ahava at Kaajani Oy says that the company follows the
rules for Finnish trade policy.

"We deliver orders to South Africa as before. We have no reason not to. If
the government issues new directives, we will of course follow them."

"I do not take a stand on a ban on individual sportsmen competing in South
Africa. Our company sells paper."

Kaukas

Chief director Rolf Kullberg at Bank of Finland is a member of Kaukas's
executive board but does not want to discuss the South Africa question at all.
Yesterday he sent a message through his secretary that "Kaukas itself must
express opinions on this matter,"

Jaakko Poyry

Sten von Troil, who is managing director of Jaako Poyry International, states
that it is hoped that the government will maintain relations with South Africa
such that it will be possible to continue doing business there,

"Our company cnnot afford to choose customers with regard to the political
conditions in the respective country. Then we would soon only be trading with
Finland and Sweden."

According to von Troil, the company has no export to South Africa right now,
but he is hoping that it will get orders in the future. He is also of the
opinion that the debate about Keke Rosberg's competing has been strange.

"During the Olympic Games in Moscow there was widespread talk that sports and

politics should not be mixed. Now, those same people think it is very
appropriate to mix auto races and politics."

108


MINISTER CLAIMS NATION IDEAL ALTERNATIVE FOR RSA DISINVESTORS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Oct 85 p 10

[Text]

cso:

3400/170

MBABANE.. — The -
Swaziland Minister of

Commerce and Industry,
Mines-and Tourism, Mr
David. von Wissel, has
said . that Swaziland
should take -the present
opportunity to. woo po-
tential investors who weré

ee |
pulling out of South
Africa.

Addressing members of
the Matsapa Industrial
Association which rep-
resents the bulk of Swazi-
land industrialists, . Mr
von Wissel said Swaziland
offered those disinvesting
in South Africa “an ideal
alternative”.

He said the -govern-
ment was. aware, how-
ever, that industrial ex-
pansion was being ham-
pered by a shortage of
+ suitable land.

He said that govern-

ment was also aware that

, this shortage was being

| caused by speculators

who were hanging on to

: waste land waiting for the
prices to rise.

| The government, he

; said, intended to take

; Strong action _ against

‘these people. — Sapa.

117

JPRS“SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

SWAZILAND


JPRS *SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

UGANDA

LOANS AGREEMENT WITH FRENCH FIRM
Kampala FOCUS in English 27 Aug 85 p 3

[Text] The Uganda Government has secured loans which will enable it to em-
bark on immediate rehabilitation of hotels and the tourism industry in gen-
eral.

The first two hotels under the programme include Lake Victoria Hotel in En-
tebbe and Crested Crane in Jinja. The rehabilitation of Lake Victoria to a
three Stnadard Hotel will enable international Airlines to come back and use
the Entebbe International Airport, it is hoped.

And the Crested Crane Hotel is to be turned into a training Institute to train
Ugandan in Hotel Management.

The agreements were signed last Friday in Kampala between the Uganda Government
and a French Company, Hotelexport a subsidiary of a French Bank "Societe
Generale".

The group will re-design the hotels in addition to recommendation of suitable
international reputable hotel management.

The first phase of rehabilitation which is expected to be completed within 21
months will cost 7 m dollars. It will be followed by the second phase of re-
habilitation which will include Mweya Paraa and Kyobe Lodges for which prelim-
inary studies have already been done by Hotelexport. Overall cost is expected
to be about 15.8 m U.S. dollars. It is hoped that the hotels will be able to
repay the cost of their renovation after 6 months grace period.

Mr. Robert 'E. Ekinu, the Secretary to the Treasury signed the agreement on be-
half of the Uganda Government. He appreciated the understanding of the French
Government which has enabled Uganda to have access to the loans.

Mr. P'Leach who signed on behalf of company Hotelexport noted that Uganda and
France have a long tradition of tourism and stressed the importance of tourism
as a natural wealth.

Mr. Ben Otto, the Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Tourism and Wild Life.

cso: 3400/174
122


JPRS*SSA+85*106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CHIKOROWE FOR BRAZIL--The Minister of Local Government, Rural and Urban De-
velopment, Cde Enos Chikowore, left Harare for Brazil on Friday to attend the
biennial congress of the International Union of Local Authorities. He is
leading a delegation of councillors, town clerks and officials from his minis-
try. The congress, which starts tomorrow and ends on Thursday, is expected to
be attended by thousands of local authority officials from over 100 countries.
[Text] [Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 22 Sep 85 p 2]

GOOD WHEAT CROP NOT ENOUGH--The wheat crop in the ground could yield 30 000
tonnes--double last year's crop--but rationing for millers will continue, the
Grain Marketing Board has told The Chronicle. The acting general manager, Mr
Tony Hawke, was quoted as saying the yield will not be enough for the domestic
market. It is not a question of inadequate supplies of wheat which contribute
to rationing, but demand exceeding supply. "We are hoping to have a good crop
this year: almost double that of last year," Mr Hawke said. "However, wheat
will still be on allocation to millers." The monthly allocation was recently
increased to 2 000 tonnes per miller. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English
22 Sep 85 p 21)

MINISTER ON TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER-~Although there has been a marked increase

in the transfer of technology to this country since independence, Zimbabwe

has an existing technology base, the Minister of Energy and Water Resources

and Development, Cde Kumbirai Kangai, has said. Addressing a monthly meeting
of the Zimbabwe American Society in Harare on Friday evening, Cde Kangai

said this technology base had mostly been transplanted from outside, but
modified to take into account Zimbabwe's circumstances. "It would seem to me
that it is in the field of communications and industry that the greatest changes
have taken place." [Text] [Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 29 Sep 85 p 2]

PARATROOPERS GET WINGS-~Paratroopers who helped defeat the MNR bandits at

Casa Banana in Gorongoza last month were among those who received wings at the
1 Paratroopers Battalion in Harare on Friday. Thirty-nine who received wings
graduated from an initial 54 members. They spent 11 months on a recruits'
training course and a month on the paratroopers’ course. The courses involved
basic skills, demolition, armed combat, rock climbing and endurance. The com-
manding officer on the paratroopers in the Zimbabwe National Army, Col. Lionel
Dyke, told The Herald that the paragroopers had to break their training for
operations in Mozambique where they helped the Mozambican army destroy the MNR

146


JPRS~SSA-85-106

31 October 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
ANGOLA
Lomba River Battlefield, Stark Evidence of UNITA's Major Victory
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Oct 85) cececcccceccceccccceeecceresceeees
CAPE VERDE
Iceland's Fishery Sector Studied as Model for Development
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Sep 85) seseeeceseceecveevecevverres
CHAD
UNIR Discusses Security, Defense Issues
CINFO-TCHAD, 5 Sep 85) .sceccsecsecesescvcvcscuceeeseeeere
Briefs
New ATP Director
EEC Agricultural Aid
GAMBIA
Briefs
Japanese Aid for Drought Victims
GHANA.

Bank Seeks To Establish Stock Exchange
(Rosemary Ardayfio; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 30 Sep 85) ...

Secretaries Call for Sheanut Development Board Legalization
(Iddrisu Seini, Imoru Yakubu; PEOPLE's DAILY GRAPHIC,

L-Oct 85) ccsvccececccerccccecceceeceesensmesteseeserssens

New Measures To Step Up Cocoa Production Adopted
(Anthony Tawiah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 1 Oct 85) .....-.

Agricultural Ministry, Seeks Temporary Lifting of Yam Export Ban
(Kennedy Fordjour-Mensah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 3 Oct 85)

10

11

12


MINIMUM WAGE SPARKS CRISIS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Oct 85 p 12

[Text]

cso:

3400/171

HARARE. — Two Zimbabwe Cabinet |

Ministers are to meet employers to dis-
cuss crisis caused by the new minimum
wage for certain classes of agricultural
workers — a massive 120 percent hike to
ZD143,75 per month, which the em-
Ployers refuse to pay. oa .

More than 10.000 jobs are in jeop-
ardy. The sectors involved are those in
which the product is largely processed
on the estate — mainly 'tea, coffee,
sugar, citrus and timber. .

The employers, who include parasta-
tals and multinational companies, said
they simply could not afford the new
minimum, laid down recently. by the
Zimbabwe Government, ‘and would

have to make mass dismissals at the end
of the month,

Some growers in the province are
planning to stop tea and coffee produc-
tion and switch to maize and wheat, a
move that would seriously affect the
country’s foreign exchange earnings.

Most employers have applied for
exemption from the increase but no re-
sponse has yet been received from the
government.

Representatives of the Commercial
Farmers Union, the Cotton Growers As-
sociation and’ timber and sugar cane
growers called for a meeting with the
Minister of Labour, Manpower Planning
and Social Welfare, Mr Frederick
Shave, without success. —- Sapa. ©

140

JPRS “8844854106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE


Outokumpu

Outokumpu has long had business connections with South Africa. According to
rumor, the negotiations for a major project in South Africa have just been

concluded. The only thing missing is the signature of the leadership on the
contract.

Social Democratic party secretary Erkki Liikanen is chairman of Outokumpu's
administrative council,

"Tt is a lie that we are negotiating for a major project in South Africa. Our
trade with South Africa is very small; rather, we compete with South Africa.
My attitude to the trade with South Africa is that it should decrease,"
Liikanen says.

[Question] What concrete measures do you intend to take in order to halt the
trade? .

[Liikanen] At present the extent of the trade is being studied. When this is
done, we will see whether we can decrease it.

[Question] If cultural and sports people are prevented from all contact with
South Africa, should not the state-owned companies follow the same policy?

[Liikanen] Yes, I did say that I thought the trade should diminish. The
Foreign Trade Committee in Parliament has already brought up the issue in
order to see how trade can be cut back,

[Question] Should not trade with South Africa be stopped altogether?

{Liikanen] . Can't you be patient and wait for the study of how large the trade
actually is? The best, of course, is not to trade with South Africa, but I
still don't know whether that is possible.

Member of Parliament Mikko Elo (Social Democrat) is also on the Outokumpu

administrative council. He has not yet thought about Outokumpu's South Africa
trade.

[Elo], The question has not been before the administrative council. It will
probably come up. Then we will see what happens.

[Question] Keke Rosberg is prohibited from driving in South Africa; shouldn't
state-owned companies then also follow the same policy and stop trading?

[Elo], In principle I am of. the same opinion, But in practice it has turned
out to be difficult to halt trade, primarily exports. It is a matter of
Finnish jobs and Finnish money.

[Question] So the sanctions against South Africa deal only with issues in
which financial interests are not threatened?

101



As far as the outside world is concerned, the news media have been providing
visual material about the unrest in South Africa for weeks on end: burning
corpses, smoldering car wrecks, police laying into demonstrators as though
they were trying to win Olympic medals for whip wielding.

The image of South Africa created by this is destructive, to say the least.
It will take years before the country recovers. Unusual circumstances indeed
prevail and call for unusual action.

In normal circumstances a government that goes quietly and undisturbed about
its daily business is an assurance that everything is under control and that
ordinary people can also proceed with their own daily tasks in peace. When
times are abnormal, however, such behavior signals just the opposite.

Then the ordinary man gets nervous if the government tries to maintain that
nothing serious is happening. He wants to see government action that cor-
responds to his own perception of the seriousness of the situation, or he is
likely to think that the state has lost control of things.

South Africa is no exception. We also find it comforting to see members of
the government walking around in the streets of places that were still in
flames a short time before. And to see them holding discussions is a sign
that we can still talk to one another.

That is why it was a matter of such importance when the state president went
last week to see for himself how things are now in the Eastern Cape. The
spontaneous manner in which he was received by the black people is an equally
important indication that they also see his presence as a hopeful sign.

It is just a pity that the visit took place out of sight of the majority of
the press and of television, because it could then have been a message of
hope for the whole country.

On a quiet day one can still whisper, but when the wind rises you must often
speak loudly in order to be heard. That's how it is in a state of emergency
too. Then there must be no lack of clarity about the message the government
wants to convey to its nationals. Neither must the impression be given that
it is looking back while moving forward.

In the past weeks the government has made declarations that are among the most
important ever made by any government in the history of the country, but they
were so mumbled that few people understood them.

Just think of the declaration issued on the departure of the EEG mission. In
it the government clearly speaks out against racial discrimination, against
damage to people's human dignity, and confirms that everyone must have a say
in the way their country is governed.

But the important message of the declaration is overshadowed by its preamble:
"I£ by apartheid is meant . . ." Why can't we say baldly that we are against

61



an offer later turned down by Sam
Nujoma.

The alliance was given further
heart in January this year when Mr
Nicholas Winterton, a British Con-
servative MP, led a fact-finding
mission to the country and conclud-
ed in his report that UN resolution
435 should no longer be seen as the
only road to Namibian indepen-
dence. Mr Winterton’s assessment
was later shot down by a second vi-
siting group of British politicians
from the three major parties, who
reiterated the British commitment
to 435.

Perhaps one of the strongest indi-
cations of support for the new gov-
ernment of national unity in Wind-
hoek came earlier this month from
Ronn, where 114 right-wing mem-
bers of the West German Bundestag
signed a petition declaring that the
new arrangements represented
“progress on the way to Namibian

self-government and an eventual in- ;

ternationally-recognised solution”.

Mr Diergaardt and his colleagues
seem therefore to have achieved
more in the way of image-building
than Salisbury’s politicians of seven
years ago, but Windhoek still ap-
pears as far from international rec-
ognition as the Zimbabwe-Rhode-
Slans were,

In Rhodesia, the advent of the
transitional government only

spurred the Zanla and Zipra gueril- ,

las to intensify their campaign, and
similarly Mr Nujoma has pledged
Swapo will step up its activities in
answer to the new scene in Wind-
hoek.

Also, the Smith-Muzorewa-Sithole
international public relations exer-

cise appeared to have little effect’

on their poor image among the peo-
ple at home, and they were uncere-
moniously ousted as leaders by the
Patriotic Front parties at the polls
in 1980.

Whether the MPC will likewise be
consigned to the “rubbish bin.of his-

tory” remains to be seen. — Bren-

dad Seery in Windhoek.

CsO: 3400/157

47


wt

and orderly, but the fear persists "|
that it might all break down. |

Thave been a Prime Minister .
watcher for most of my life. 1 ;
watch our State President very :
closely. ;

Thave often stood up for him in
the past, and I made some of m1
friends uneasy on this account. ©
They need not have been. My
brain is not softening.

All I want to see is our country
emerging from the morass in
which we have all been living. I
believe the State President

* wants to see that, too.

I do not expect him fully to
satisfy me, or the PFP, or the :
UDF, or the Black Sash, or the
SA Council of Churches.

I. Thave learnt anything about
the National Party in these past
37 years, it is that it will do
things its own way.

I have never met the State
President, but we have ex-
changed firm and courteous
letters. '

Lam going to use this article to -
make some suggestions as to
how the process of reform can be
accelerated. If the Transvaal
party congress can urge him to
go faster — so I read — thenI ©
can do it, too.

Before I do this I want to com-
ment on a report in a Paris letter
that a military coup is imminent.
It would be a triumph for Dr»
Treurnicht, a kind of Gotterdam-
merung. Surely our soldiers can’t .
be_as mad as that.

President Botha has said that
he cannot issue a “declaration of
intent” because that would
prejudice consultations. ~

I think he is mistaken. All that
is wanted from him is a declara-
tion that his aim is the disman-
tling of apartheid.

He has said that he is not in
favour of calling a national con-
vention. I think he is right. It
would in present circumstances

csO: 3400/130

! be almost imposstble to get a
: national convention.
It is time to stop looking back
to the National Convention of
| 1908/09. It was called in quite
" different circumstances.
It was a convention of four
‘ white self-governing states with
strong common material inter-
ests, and one other common in-
terest — namely, the mainten-
ance of white supremacy.

We shall have to feel our way
forward to any kind of national
consultation. I watch with hope

«the PFP’s efforts in this direc-

tion.

The State President should ar-
nounce that he earnestly desit
the end of the state of emergen-
cy, and that he will lift it the
moment he is satisfied that the .
praye danger to life and property

in the townships is decreasing:

How can he help to bring this
about? It will be extremely diffi-
cult. His party made two cardi-
nal errors in the Cape — it abol-
ished the coloured vote and it
destroyed District Six. We are
paying a heavy price for that

lay.

y:

The State President should re-
eal the Group Areas Act. If any ‘

: law has made us all strangers to
one another, it is this Act .
But the State President has de- :

clared its repeal to be non-nego-

tiable. He should not make such

, Statements.

Nowing is non-negotiable to-
day except the very foundation
of society, the rule of law, which
has suffered such damage at the
hands of the National Party.

I don’t think the State Presi-
dent is ready to repeal the Grou
Areas Act, but he should find it
possible to set aside residential
areas open to anybody who
wants to live in an open neigh-
bourhood.

The Government should re-
lease the Rivonia prisoners un-

96

conditionally. What they will
then do is unpredictable.

But as long as they sit in n prison
much of the future is only too

redictable. Will Mandela em-

: bark ona campaign of violence,

' or will he try to use his great
influence to help bind up the na-
tion’s wounds? Here one must
hope against hope.

‘There is one last thing that the
| State President could do to ap-
: pease the wrath of the Western
world. He could abolish deten-
tion without trial.

It was argued once that we
could not afford the cost of so
many courts and judges, but we
nevertheless had money to ap-
point innumerable boards of con-

1. .
The trouble, Mr State Presi-
dent, is that your two predeces-
| sors, Dr Verwoerd and Mr Vor-
' ster, had more faith in policemen
than in judges.

‘ I shall close with an observa-
, tion of my own. I know that the
' State President has always shied
, away from the concept of ‘the
unitary state, even though he has
lived his whole life in one.

But he appears to shy ava
also from the concept of the fed-

. eral state. What other choice
does he think exists?

Why doesn’t he give Natal and

* KwaZulu the chance to form the
: first unit of a federal republic of
+ South Africa?

Why doesn’t he take an even
more imaginative step and make
reparation to the Zulu nation for
the tearing up of their country in
1905 by the Colony of Natal with

| the express authority of the Brit-
ish Government?

Why doesn’t he restore the
country that was known as Zulu-
Jand instead of wasting money
and time on what is called “con-

« solidation”.

‘Then Zululand and Natal could
get together, and I think they
could make a fe of it and give
some hope to this country of de-
spair.

. Mr State President, I wish you
well in your position of great
responsibility, and make these
roposals to you with one
ought in my-mind: the good of
our country.
Hope deferred makes the
‘heart sick. Well, give us some-
thing to hope for.


"affair," clear and obvious this time, since they were caught red-handed at
the airport, the thieves protest that they have been robbed! Moreover, we
have seen on many occasions that when an honest-and patriotic government
employee firmly demands that a Lebanese obey the law, he is accused of
"racism." "They sent you to get me!" he will be told.

In other words, in the view of the Lebanese, a Guinean government employee is
a corrupt and corruptible individual, from top to bottom, and there would not
even be any exceptions to prove the rule!

An Unsuccessful Graft

For more than 60 years our society and our cities have had a Lebanese colony
attached to them, It must be concluded that this was a graft which was
unsuccessful. The colony exists, deals with us and trades as a totally
foreign body in its hermetically sealed enclave.

Under the old regime, a number of native-born citizens had to suffer a sad
fate because of the privileged Lebanese--those who were intelligence agents,
the business owners and right-hand men of dignitaries, and those who boasted
of entertaining the men who were then the big bosses of the national political
bureau. These Lebanese threw famous names at you to confuse you and heaped
scorn and threats upon you. These individuals, arrogant in their behavior as
protected newcomers, should not make us forget those humble individuals who
suffered along with us, those who did not spend their days sleeping at their
desks, but who went to work on the plantations, who were drivers, mechanics
and metalworkers. It was because of those individuals who were like us that
the entire colony benefitted from the indulgence and the clemency of the chief
of state and the native population,

There are also Lebanese in the various regions who have accepted our hard life
of penury. May God aid those who are our comrades in the struggle for a
better life! This is why one cannot issue a general condemnation, without
reference to both sides of the scale weighing equity and justice.

It must be said that the Lebanese in Guinea have a special turn of mind.
Their social actions are nonexistent. The so-called rich never build, but
rent shops built between 1890 and 1910. One can count on the fingers of one
hand those who own buildings! And where domestic wholesale, intermediary and
retail trade is concerned, the Lebanese have snatched 85 percent of the
control from native Guineans. In this connection, moreover, let us note that
it has never been possible, since the colonial era, to make the Lebanese keep
commercial registers.

A. Golden Affair

The business of the 25 kilograms of gold is already proving to be a golden
affair. One can well ask the question as to whether or not there are
international traffic networks involving the Lebanese colonies in Africa. And
whether it is current and accepted to exchange professional business cards
among them, and also whether our country is not an exploited colony, rather

21



JPRS“SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

GHANA

BRIEFS

TRIBAL CONFLICTS IN BAWKU--Fresh hostility has erupted between the Kusasis

and Mamprusis in Bawku resulting in the death of at least five people and
several others injured. The clashes started last Friday night when some un-
identified gunmen shot dead a youth, one Hamidu Mumuni, through a window
opening in his house. This trigged off large-scale burning of houses, in-
cluding the palace of the Bawku Naba, Sigri Azoka II. According to a statement
issued by the Upper East Regional Administration in Bolgatanga yesterday there
was indiscriminate shooting in several areas of the town throughout last
Friday while efforts were made by peace officers to avert large scale disaster.
The statement indicated that normal life seems to be in jeopardy as sporadic
shooting continued early yesterday morning disrupting commercial, private and
official activities. Many people have already started evacuating their per-
sonal effects from the battle areas to join their relatives and friends in
other safer areas. Meanwhile the Upper East Regional Secretary, Mr. J. E.
Sakyi who visited the area early this morning called on both factions to lay
down their arms. A dusk to dawn curfew has been imposed in the district until
peace and calm are restored. [Text] [Article by Imoro Yakubu] [Accra
PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Oct 85 p 4)

PRIVATE DIAMOND WINNERS RECEIVE EQUIPMENT--Individual diamond winners are to
receive mining equipment worth ¢6 million each from the Government. Winners
who are interested to go the mechanized way of extracting the gems would be
required to deposit ¢2.5 million with the Ghana Diamond Marketing Corporation
to enable the Government to determine the number of people willing to bene~
fit from the aid. Mr F. K. Kofiloto, a senior valuer at the Corporation's
headquarters in Accra, announced this at a meeting of the Ghana Diamond Win-
ners Association at Akim Oda on Thursday. He explained that individuals who
would not be able to afford the initial deposit, could team up with others
for the supply of the equipment which include Land Rovers, excavators and water
pumps. Mr Kofiloto said 50 per cent of individual's export would be retained
partly for the payment of the remaining ¢3.5 million and for the importation
of spare parts for the machines. [Text] [Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English
28 Sep 85 p 1]

TOWNS THREATENED BY EROSION-~The sea continues to make inroads into four coastal
towns near Keta, leaving the people in fear of their towns being washed away by
the waves. The waves, which in the past destroyed many houses and movable
property, have washed away coconut plantations along the beach at Kedzi, Vodza

17



JPRS*SSA~85=106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESSMEN ON PLANS FOR RSA TRADE, INVESTMENT
Helsinki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 14 Sep 85 p 13
[Article by Staffan Bruun and Mosse Wallen: "Export Worth 550 Million"]

[Text] Tougher measures against South Africa can be expected, Kaarina
Sounio's move against Keke Rosberg is considered to be an indication of this.
So far cultural and sports representatives who enjoy state support have been
forbidden to act or compete in South Africa.

The Ministry of Education is now bent on plugging the gaps that have existed.
The boycott against South Africa is to become total in culture and sports,

Politicans and businesses are lying low while sports people are debating
Keke's competing in South Africa.

Finland's export to South Africa last year was worth 547 million marks, The
value of the imports was 124 million marks. Several major Finnish companies
have large deals under way in South Africa.

Last year state-owned Valmet began to sell papermaking machinery to South
Africa. State-owned Outokumpu is also said to be negotiating with South
Africa about a major project.

According to Kauppalehti the companies which sell most to South Africa are
Enso-Gutzeit, Myllykoski, Kajaani, Kemi, Kaukas, Valmet, Tampella, Kymmene-
Stromberg, Serlachius, Neles, Kone, Jaako Poyry, Ahlstrom and Outokumpu.

HUFVUDSTADSBLADET called some of the companies and asked how the government's
harsher policy toward South Africa is being implemented in practice,

Can the companies continue their South Africa trade as if nothing has
happened, while Keke Rosberg gets his license to compete withdrawn?

We contacted mainly politicians who are on the administrative councils of
state companies. They are politically appointed and must follow Finland's
official course.

We also checked the mood in a few of the private groups of companies,

100


“Very often, Guinea-Bissau is not included in this policy of concentration,"
Cardoso acknowledged.

Then there is the international economic crisis, “which is general." According
to the Guinea~Bissauan official, "there is no doubt that we benefited greatly
from international solidarity at the beginning of our independence; it is a
fact that, at that time, the gifts far exceeded the loans. Today, the situation
has changed radically and our partners are turning increasingly to loans."
Bernardino Cardoso admitted that one of the reasons for the reduced international
aid to Bissau is that the country is finding it increasingly difficult to meet
its foreign commitments. Another factor, according to the official, is that

the country formerly had no development plan and was using the aid in an almost
irrational way. (In the opinion of experts in various quarters, the investment
policy of the regime presided over by Luis Cabral, who was deposed in the move-
men of 14 November 1980, was simply disastrous.)

Agreement with IMF

One of the "novelties" introduced in the stabilization plan launched 2 years
ago was the establishment of an agreement with the IMF; it expired in Decenber
1984, but a new accord is already being negotiated. To what degree does the
accord jeopardize the principles of the regime? Bernardino Cardoso was peremp-
tory: "We have always declared that our cooperation is an open cooperation,

but it mst always be cooperation which does not challenge our political propo-
sitions and principles of development."

He continued: "We require a cooperation which will enable us to pursue a self-

determined development; we need the kind of intervention from the international
community that will enable us to create the conditions so that, in the future,

at medium and long range, we can develop our economy on solid, national bases,

through an endogenous effort."

According to the secretary for international cooperation, what Guinea-Bissau
needs now is financing for its economic stabilization program, “one of the
essential conditions for our future independent development.

"Unfortunately, the international community has not kept pace with the efforts
of the Government of Guina~Bissau. There is a certain sluggishness in liberating
the funds and this could impede our effort. Hence, I would like to appeal

to our economic partners to meet the commitments assumed at various roundtables
or in follow-up meetings which we have had," he declared.

“We cannot have development unless we can balance and stabilize our economy,
which naturally presupposes an economic housecleaning and the proper functioning
of the entire productive apparatus," stressed Cardoso.

In fact, the issue can be stated with awesome simplicity: Bissau must import
goods for production and for consumption~-the latter to serve as an incentive
to agricultural production, which urgently needs to be expanded; this year
alone, the country will have a shortfall of 35,000 tons of grain. Food aid
is thus another important factor in the process of economic equilibrium.

29



JPRS*SSA+85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

COOL INTERNATIONAL BANK RESPONSE CAN HAVE FORCE OF SANCTIONS
Hamburg DER SPIEGEL in German 16 Sep 85 pp 161-163

[Text] International banks are boycotting the
apartheid state most effectively: they no longer
grant any credits.

Normally, the heads of central banks become particularly reticent when
something becomes critical in the worldwide monetary system. But last
week, Pierre Languetin, president of the Swiss National Bank, did not
adhere to this rule of the financial world.

South Africa had announced that, for the time being, it would not repay
debts to its foreign creditors. Once again, a mood of crisis struck the
banking world; Gerhard de Kock, chief of the South African Central Bank,
went on a goodwill tour.

Swiss banker Languetin was asked if he had talked with the South African.
He did not hide behind a "no comment;" Languetin stated solemnly that he
had definitely not received his colleague de Kock for a talk.

The other heads of central banks from the ten most important industrial
countries, who were in Basel for a two-day conference with the Bank for
International Settlements (BIS)--a kind of central bank of the national
central banks--, also refused to invite into their midst de Kock who was
in town.

The bankers are trying to keep their distance, and they demonstrate it
openly. Whether in Basel or Zurich, Frankfurt, London or New York--even
the managers of private money institutions show great reserve vis-a-vis
the man from Pretoria.

This reserve is less for political reasons, however. It is above all a
matter of money: No one wants to give new credit to the South Africans.
They all consider their previous loans to be in the greatest of danger.

Without first asking South Africa's creditors, finance minister Barend du
Plessis ordered a temporary payment stop. Du Plessis announced that for
the rest of this year, his country will be unable to make either interest
payments or repayment of principal to creditors abroad. South African
banks are allowed to transfer money to foreign accounts only for trade
deals and services.

110


Cde Mugabe said he was pleased to note that changes had been made in the
PSA.

“When I opened your annual meeting in September 1981 I said that I did

not believe that your association as it was then structured ‘truly
represented the majority of workers in the Government, and said that this
was a weakness which needed to be changed if the Government was to continue
to recognise it."

cso: 3400/94

131



JPRS*SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

NIGERTA

KADUNA GOVERNOR ADVISES AGAINST IMF LOAN
Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 15 Sep 85 p 1
[Article by Issa Aremu]

[Text] Kaduna State Military Governor, Major Abubakar Umar, has said
in Kaduna that Nigeria does not need the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) loan.

Governor Umar told the Sunday Triumph last week in an interview that the
conditionalities being paraded around by the IMF would not augur well for
the economy and people of the country.

Major Umar who is the first military governor to voice out his opinion
on the controversial loan being sought from the IMF said that the N2.4
billion being negotiated was a meager sum that could be generated locally.

He identified borrowing from local private institutions, a halt to profit
repatriation by big foreign companies and an imposiion of proportional
taxes as alternatives to the loan.

It was the governor's opinion that if the loan was obtained but no
fundamental restructuring of the economy was affected, the loan would
become a drain because it would end up servicing import-export activities
and not production.

Governor Umar who said he supported the call by President Babangida
for a public debate on the issue said it was only through intensified
national debate that a consensus would emerge.

On agriculture, the governor said it was only through intensified national
debate that a consensus would emerge.

The governor said it was unfair to allow big companies to appropriate land
at the expense of small landholders.

The governor disclosed that in Kaduna state under his administration,

farmers brigades would be organised in cooperative bodies to form the
bulwark of an agricultural policy.

53



Managing director of Industrial Insurance Carl-Olaf Holmen (Swedish People's
Party], who is on Enso's administrative council, says that he does not know
how the company's exports are divided and that South Africa has not been
discussed,

[Holmen] But if such a question comes up it should be the duty of the
executive board to decide policy. Of course, the matter could be brought up
in the administrative council as well. The principle should then be that the
decision is made within the company and not through discussions in the daily
press,

Holmen further says that he does not think there is any major difference
between privately owned and state-owned companies,

[Question] Can you promise to bring up the matter in the administrative
council?

[Holmen] I have no plans to do so. The agenda for the administrative council
is prepared by the board. It would be incorrect for me to take a stand in the
newspaper.

He adds that the company will certainly follow government directives in the
matter of South Africa exports. If such a directive is issued.

[Holmen] Our policy in this case is determined by the government and not by
individual companies. The government issues the directives it deems best.

Kymmene-Stromberg

C-0, Tallgren (Swedish People's Party) on the executive board of Kymmene-
Stromberg believes that industry should adopt a uniform course of action.

[Question] Do you advocate a total halt to trade with South Africa?
[Tallgren] That I cannot answer. It is always possible to say yes
emotionally, but that is not how things work in practice. If one company
stops selling, another jumps in and takes over the market, That's why joint
measures are needed.

[Question] Do you advocate that the measures should be as strict as possible?

[Tallgren] Certainly I believe in principle that everyone should sock it to
South Africa. But the question is whether we can agree on the methods.

Ahlstrom

Vice managing director Pekka Rantala at Ahlstrom says that the company is not
planning cutbacks in exports to South Africa.

107



South Africa before, such as before the Second War of Independence (i.e., Boer
War]; and then the talkers were the quickest to put up their hands in

surrender, while those who did not want to shoot and wanted to negotiate the
longest stayed in the field to the end.

13084
cso: 3401/289

71



JPRS*SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

GUINEA~BISSAU

STRUGGLE FOR DEVELOPMENT SINCE INDEPENDENCE OUTLINED
Lisbon AFRICA HOJE in Portuguese Aug 85 pp 25-29

[Text] Considered one of the world's poorest countries, Guinea~
Bissau is no longer experiencing the horrors of the war which it
waged for more than a decade. Nonetheless, there are new
"enemies" on the horizon, which the young country is making an
ever increasing effort to confront, summoning up the best it
has in human resources.

The backwardness in which colonialism left the little state, the erroneous
investment policy which was pursued immediately after independence and the short-
ages of every kind, which have demanded almost unlimited sacrifice from the
population and from the nation's young cadres » Tecently returned from European
universities; the drought, which has diminished the arable land area and has
prevented harvests in the abundance needed to maintain minimum nutritional
standards; the resulting poor state of health of the population, aggravated

by a shortage of medical personnel: these are some of the principal "enemies"
which Guinea-Bissau faces in the struggle for development in what was already
the most neglected of the colonies of the former Portuguese empire.

Still, the small nation has unequalled resources, more than sufficient, if
rationally exploited, to insure the well-being of its people. The land is
fertile and almost everything can be produced on it, from the traditional crops
(peanuts, cashews and coconut), which are still the mainstay of the country's
export effort, to crops which are less familiar, at least until now (potatoes
and onions, corn and rice, subtropical fruits and various greens can be grown
in Guinea~Bissau's soil).

In the waters that constitute its Exclusive Economic Zone (ZEE), Bissau has
truly immense resources which, unfortunately, are being exploited by other
countries, under licenses, for want of a national fishing fleet capable of
supplying the domestic market and thus providing some variation in the diet,
which is now based almost exclusively on tice, of the population.

The forest could be an important source of revenue and prosperity for the young
state, which is intensely concerned now with protecting its forests, threatened
by drought (in the Saharan zone, the desert is advancing at a rate of about

50 kilometers per year) and by damage from fire, accidental or deliberate (the
people set fire to the forest to clear the land for cultivation), which is
devouring several hundred hectares of forest every year.

23



AFRIKANER. RIFT MAJOR ISSUES IN BY-ELECTION CAMPAIGN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 11

wt

[Text] CAPE TOWN. — The

call by the State Presi-
dent, Mr P W Botha,
for “national unity”
and for
unity in particular, is
likely to become a pol-
itical issue in the by-
election campaigns
which are now in full
swing.

Either the Conserva-

tive party or the Herstigte
Nasionale Party haye can-
didates in all five constitu-
encies, and they are open-
ly blaming Mr Botha’s re-
form policies for Afrika-
ner division.

Dr Andries Treurnicht,
CP leader, said yesterday
that Mr Botha’s eve-of-
election call was politi-
cally motivated.

“It is ironic indeed that
the man who must bear
the greatest responsibility
for division in Afrikaner
ranks should make such a

3400/168

Afrikaner -

{Article by Brian Stuart]

call,” Dr Treurnicht said.

“It is a very transparent
political ploy.”

Progressive Federal
Party organisers said the
call might reflect some
anxiety by the NP at the
strength of support for
right-wing groups.

Mr Neil Ross, national
director of the PFP, said
of PFP participation in
Port Natal and Springs:
“Both are exciting con-
tests because of the
credible amount of disil-
lusionment with the Nat-
ional Party.”

However, within the
NP there is strong confi-
dence that the Govern-
ment will retain all five
House of Assembly seats
against its political oppo-
nents,

The NP is said to be

““playing a very hard

game” in the Free State,
for the CP has its best

89

shot in Belhlehem and
the HNP has its best
chance ‘in Sasolburg. In
these two seats, the right-
wing parties are support-
ing one another.

“In Sasolburg, we are
convinced we have the
edge,” Mr Jaap Marais
told The Citizen.

He was encouraged by
the NP's narrow lead in
postal vote applications at
this stage.

What is said to be the
Free State’s first “mixed
marriage” took place in
the Sasolburg constitu-
ency and the event is seen
as a political issue be-
tween the NP and HNP.

In the Northern Cape |

Constituency of Vryburg,
both the CP -and HNP
have put up candidates
against the NP. In the re-
sulting clash, the NP ap-
pears more assured of
success,

“The best the NP can
hope for is that the split
will give them the seat,
but the HNP and CP
votes taken together will
still be in the majority,”
forecast Mr Marais.

Dr Treurnicht agreed
with the assessment.
“The climate looks good
and we are fighting to win
in Vryburg. But whatever
the outcome, I believe the
CP and HNP together will
poll more votes than the
NP.”

At Springs, the NP is
opposed by the CP on the

JPRS*SSA*85* 106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

right and the PFP on the
left.

The CP and the PFP
have each forecast that
the other will be “third
and last” when votes are
counted on October 30.

Dr Treurnicht said the
CP had “a fighting
chance” in the Constitu-
‘ency. Mr Ross said the
'PFP would “hold its

own.”

The NP said it was well
entrenched in Springs as
well as in Port Natal,
where the party’s Natal
leader, Cabinet Minister
Mr Stoffel Botha, is being
opposed by the CP, PFP,

‘New Republic Party and
-an Independent candi-
| date.

Port Natal has been de-
scribed by party organis-
ers as a “scrappy affair.”
Both the PFP and the NP
have submitted affidavids
to the returning officer in
regard to CP postal vote
| applications.

The major issue in Port
Natal does not appear to

be who will come first,
but who will be fifth when
votes are counted. Two
different party organisers
told The Citizen they ex-
pected the NRP to be be-
sted even by the indepen-
dent.

How the NRP fares in
| its home province of Na-
| tal against his full range of
* political parties could well
! influence NRP_ thinking
“on whether it should re-
; main in existence as a sep-

arate political party.


JPRS*SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

CHAD

UNIR DISCUSSES SECURITY , DEFENSE ISSUES
Ndjamena, INFO-TCHAD in French 5 Sep 85 pp 5-8

[Text] The curtain fell Tuesday on the last of some 20 working days of the
second regular session of the Central Committee of the National Union for
Independence and Revolution (UNIR), but the fires lit by this event of such
historic importance for Chad are far from extinguished. The importance lies as
much in the fact that this forum provided an opportunity for reflective
discussion as in the contents of the presentations and the themes which, for
more than 2 weeks, were debated by Chadian political players. The discussions
of defense and security problems were among the liveliest,

In large part that was because Chad is threated by the expansionist designs of
powers which have already illegally occupied half the country. Also, defense of
the fatherland and the maintenance of security are necessary for the very
existence of a people, The mere thought that every day our compatriots in the
occupied zone must endure the humiliations, harassment, and sufferings of every
sort imposed by the invader is revolting. And were it not for the courage and
self-sacrifice of our armed forces to oppose the substantial military forces
that country has deployed in northern Chad, the Libyan flag would long since
have been planted in the southern part of our country.

So it comes as no surprise that several recommendations were adopted at the
Central Committee meeting setting out the importance of this subject. We
publish those documents below.

Resolution of Support for the FANT [Chadian National Armed Forces ]

The Central Committee of UNIR, meeting in regular session from 17 August to 3
September 1985:

--Considering the military occupation of half the country by the expansionist
Libyan regime;

--Considering the subversive policy carried out by that same terrorist regime
against Africa and the world in general, and against Chad in particular;

--Noting the courage, self-sacrifice and determination with which the valiant
FANT are confronting the aggressor's troops and the subversive elements in
Qadhdhafi's pay;


JPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PRIMARY TASK OF ARMY STILL PROTECTION OF BORDERS
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 2 Sep 85 p 12
{Editorial: "Always Ready!""]

[Text] The army, with its unequalled history of successes against a communist
enemy that continually seeks to penetrate the country's borders, has in more
recent times been playing an additional part along with the police in main-
taining internal law and order.

It had to help and succeeded well in extending an umbrella of protection to
the populace in riot-torn communities so as to maintain a normal lifestyle as
far as possible. The soldiers went out of their way to improve communication
with the local populations and to create greater goodwill and better under-
standing.

But let no one forget that the primary task of the army is to keep the enemy
away from our frontiers. The buildup of Russian troops and weapons in.our
neighboring countries is worrying, especially the expansion of their air power
that in the words of General Constand Viljoen may easily tip the scales against
South Africa and the West.

It is therefore necessary for the army see to it that the quality of its
forces, its. armaments and equipment will still have the power. to frighten away
those wolves from our door. And in that light the debate over compulsory
military service held by the PFP [Progressive Federal Party] over the weekend
looks doubly ridiculous.

12906
CSO: 3401/286

72


Also those national states which do not want to accept independence do not
want to give up their autonomy. This ethnic and even national pride will have
to be reckoned with in the new South Africa.

But the most basic acknowledgement imaginable has been made--one South African
citizenship and thus one destiny. This is implicit in the citizenship which
will be shared by Whites and Coloreds, as well as people in non-independent
black states. (The dual citizenship of some blacks is another matter; indeed,
Minister Chris Heunis justly pointed out that they will not acquire political
rights in South Africa.)

In the light of the above, it is rather ironic that critics of the Government
can't get their priorities straight. They ask for specific steps to be done--
steps which are no doubt praiseworthy, but which can always elicit the
accusation of "cosmetic changes."

Influx control, for example, can be abolished or modified, passbooks can be
eliminated--all symbols of apartheid. But the basic question of how, where
and whereto with respect to blacks in South Africa has not been addressed yet.

Just as in the case of the Coloreds (a shared fatherland, shared
responsibility, not a parallel parliament, but a sovereign one, etc.) a basic
decision has now also been made on Blacks.

That's all very well, but where does that leave us? That is precisely the
challenge for black and white in the country. It is something that most be
negotiated in all aspects. The table has been set for a discussion on
everything which is at stake: political expectations, group interests, fair
economic participation, etc.

Are black leaders going to take advantage of the opportunity, or are we going
to have to deal with the classical yes-but attitude? What you have done is
good, but you must still do this and this... In that manner demands on
components of the discussion can continually be made without anyone taking
responsibility for starting negotiations on the future structure in South
Africa.

If blacks don't want to enter negotiations sooner or later, one will start to
wonder whether all their nice phrases on democratic participation and
protection of the minority really mean much. It certainly requires courage to
step forward in a climate which is so poisoned by revolutionary activities,
but sacrifices must also be made for peace. Unfortunately a type of belief
has started to take root in black ranks that heroism consists only of
"revolutionary sacrifices," without the question ever being asked of what
happens after that revolution.

How much more evidence do the peaceful-minded still need that the current
reforms are not just make-believe? Don't they see that a logical progress has
been made since South Africa started with constitutional reform? Only just
recently Minister Chris Heunis stated again: The political future of whites,
Coloreds and Indians cannot be finalized until the participation of Blacks in
the decision-making process has been finalized.

Does this mean finalizing through negotiation or violence> Must this be
participation in the fullest sense of the word, or mere domination? What do
you say, fellow citizens?

8700

CSO: 3401/4 78


South Africa Accused of Clandestinely Infiltrating Bandits

(THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) ..

Minimun Wage Sparks Crisis
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Oct 85). .

Five New Transmitter Networks Go Into Operation
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 15 Sep 85) ..

Big Aluminum Deal Signed With Austrian Firm
(Andrew Rusinga; THE HERALD, 19 Sep 85) ssssceseseees

Briefs
Chikorowe for Brazil
Good Wheat Crop Not Enough
Minister on Technology Transfer
Paratroopers Get Wings
Protest of RSA Detainees
Chinese Factory Team Leaves

139

140

141

144

146
146
146
146
147
147


[Question] Do you think that it is right for a state-owned company to export
to South Africa in this manner?

[Pystynen] Enso's export was not built overnight but grew up over a long
period. Therefore it is impossible to cease exporting suddenly; it must take
place over a longer period of time. I understand, however, that we must avoid
this perhaps by boycotting South Africa.

[Question] Do you promise actively to do everything in your power in order to
put a halt to Enso's export to South Africa?

[Pystynen] Of course I will do what I can within the realm of possibilities.

[Question] Can you promise that the question will be properly discussed
within the administrative council?

[Pystynen] I promise that if the company's executive board or the chairman of
the administrative council do not bring up the question at the next
administrative council meeting, then I will do it.

Center Party member Mikko Pesala, who is second deputy speaker of Parliament,
has been a member of the board of Enso-Gutzeit for 10 years. He says that
during his time the export nations were never discussed by the administrative
council,

[Pesala] But maybe we should consider the question of South Africa.

[Question] Do you intend to bring up the matter in the administrative
council?

[Pesala] I am not the one to bring it up; that should be done by the
principal owner, the state.

[Question] But don't you think that it is wrong to try to stop Keke Rosberg
at the same time as state companies are permitted to export to South Africa?

[Pesala] It is a distinct conflict. But I emphasize that it is not I who
tried to stop Rosberg.

[Question] Do you think that was wrong?

[Pesala] It was. Rosberg drives where the master tells him to. On the other
hand, one should understand enough not to arrange competitions in South
Africa.

[Question] What do you say about the boycott of South Africa?

[Pesala] The only possibility ot influencing the situation of the blacks in

South Africa is through economic pressure. But I don't know whether Rosberg
and Enso are the ones to initiate it.

106


Take Hands

There is no question at all of looking over the shoulder to try to outbid the
far-rightists. And the Nationalists are taking heart that this frankness will
find favor with the voters.

The serious domestic situation and world-wide attack on South Africa have
contributed to jolting people into reality. They realize that the only thing
left to do is to take each other by the hand and face the problems.

8700
cso: 3401/2

76


[Elo] That is definitely not what I mean, I'm only saying that it is very
difficult in practice to halt trade.

[Question] Do you promise to work on the administrative council for a total
halt to trade with South Africa?

[Elo] No, I really can't promise that. But I can promise that the question
will be studied and that it will be brought up for discussion. It is
necessary to be cautious in this matter. I am not about to put my neck on the
block.

[Question] Is Social Democratic Minister of Education Kaarina Sounio
following one line and the Social Democrats on Outokumpu's administrative
council another?

{Elo] It might appear that way, but in fact Minister Suonio herself has
decided on this stance. I am opposed to Keke Rosberg driving in South Africa,
but I do not like the threat of withdrawn state support for the auto sport
association.

[Question] At the same time you also know very well that the two things
cannot be compared.

Member of Parliament Pertti Salolainen (Coalition Party) is of the opinion
that the South Africa trade should be brought up before the administrative
council,

[Salolainen] But it is up to the government to decide on a course in the
relations with South Africa. It is not possible to require the companies to
undertake restrictions on their own initiative. The companies must comply
with the decisions made by the government. But the government does not seem
to be getting anywhere on the South African issue.

Trade with South Africa is one thing, Keke Rosberg's competition an entirely
different one. One shouldn't even try to connect the two. Personally, I do
not want to take a stand on Keke's competing.

Member of Parliament Esko Aho (Center Party) has been on the administrative
council for only a few months.

{Aho] That's why I don't know the volume of the trade with South Africa. In
principle I believe that it should decrease. A complete halt is impossible to
achieve. That would primarily affect Finland, not South Africa.

[Question] Shouldn't the state companies be treated the same as those in the
world of culture and sports?

[Aho] Sure. A conflict occurs if Keke Rosberg's license is withdrawn while

the state companies are allowed to continue trade as before. It must be
remembered that the authorities cannot prohibit a Finnish citizen from

102


COLOREDS LOSE HOMES IN COUNCIL LAND REZONING ACTION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 10

[Article by Andrew Thomson]

[Text]

THE Germiston City ~ shacks, one of them
Council is demolishing , measuring just eight
brick houses in Germis- square metres -in which
ton Township while ; a family of 11 lived.
most Coloured residents: Another __ resident,
are living in tin shacks. Mrs Rosie Milton, who
Some have no accom- j has three children,
modation. showed The Citizen the

remains of her shack be-
tempt to stop the de- -; ing demolished by
molishings, the Trans- ; Council workers. She
vaal leader of the | claims she bought it two
Coloured Labour Party, { weeks ago for R500.

Mr Jac Rabie, and i In Germiston Towns:
members of the Germis- ' pubs between 30 and 35
ton Coloured Commit-. : aye ne ae

tion, according to Mrs
te ‘ »
lee took newsmen on a Sally Petersen, a Ger-

tour of the area, | miston Coloyred Com-
All 524 families resi- | mittee member.
|
i}

In a desperate .at-

dent in  Germiston

Township are to be re- Prime land
settled. Indians are be- At Eden Park, devel-
ing moved to Palm -opment was stopped by
Ridge in Germiston, the Alberton Town
while Coloured residen- Council in 1981 due to a
ts will be moved to lack of funds when
Eden Park in Alberton. about 700 houses had
“All we're asking the already been built. The
Germiston City Council | Germiston City Coun- |
is to allow Coloured cil, which was keen to
residents to occupy resettle the residents be-
brick houses being vac- cause they were occupy-
ated by Indians until ing prime _ industrial
alternative accommoda- ground, offered a R4-
tion at Eden Park is million loan to Alber-
available,” said Mr Ra- ton, but this was de-
: bigg clined. Alberton even-
The Citizen viewed tually secured a R3-mil-
clusters of tiny tin lion government loan to

C80: 3400/168

87

continue developing
Eden Park.

Mr Rabie said
Coloured leaders had
put a stop to the pro-
posed extensions to
Eden Park because the
houses (“trein-trokke”)

which the Alberton ,

Council planned to
build were regarded as
“slums of the future”.
The project was revised
and better —_ quality
homes are now in the
pipeline.
Council helps

A member of the
Germiston Manage-
ment Committee, Mr
Ian McGregor, ° said
Coloured residents are
not allowed to occupy
brick houses in the
township because it
would give them a false
sense of permanence,

“We're trying to be as
humane as possible and
we have as much feeling
for those people as any-
one else.”

Most families, he
said, would have been.
resettled in new houses
in Eden Park had Mr
Rabie and others not
put a stop to the in-
tended expansion there.

JPRS*SSA¥85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Reacting to Mr Ra-
bie’s “trein trokke”
houses claim, McGre-
gor said the Council had
surveyed the economic
status of residents and
found they would not be
able to afford larger
houses. Sixty-one of 222
families surveyed had
no breadwinner.

“Mr Rabie’s interven-
tion set the project back
by at least a year, In-
itially we had 214
Coloured families to be
resettled, but in the in-
tervening period the
number has risen to
270.”

He estimated that
construction work on
about 400 houses will
begin in the new year.

After investigating
Mrs Milton’s complaint,
Mr McGregor informed
The Citizen that she had
been denied permission
to buy the shack from its
Indian owner, and was
not to move in.

The Germiston
Coloured Committee

had been formed six .

weeks ago with the bles-
sing of the Council, and
Council had met the
committee three times
since then.


AKPAN CALLS FOR DOMESTIC ALTERNATIVE TO IMF

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 15 Sep 85 p 1

[Text]

cso;

3400/80

HE former national

secretary of the
banned People’s
Redemption Party
(PRP) Mr.Una Akpan,
has advised the Federal
Government to contact
Nigerian millionaires to
surrender 20 per cent of
their money into the
Federal purse instead,
of borrowing from the
International Monetary
Fund (IMF).

“The IMF is a bait to
penury”, Mr. Akpan
said¢

IMF as a bank was.
only interested in the
profit whether the
country survived or not
was notits concern,

“You - will be
surprised that at the
end of the day, the
money you will pay
back to them will
double what you
bargained for, Those
people are only money
lenders, “Mr. Akpan
8

The former politician
said that those who
advised Nigeria to take
the IMF loan were not

55

traders. Traders who
got loan from ordinary
commercial banks are
in a good position to’
tell what a loan means,

The Federal
Government has a

‘dossier of ail Nigerian

billionaires and
millionaires, The
government should
invite them to
surrender 20 per cent of
their money because,
according to Mr
Akpan, they never lift a
finger before they got
such huge amounts.

He said the former
governor of the Central
Bank, Dr. Clement
Isong was not realistic.
in his advice to the
government on IMF
loan.

“Dr. song: is a

professional banker
and I’m not surprised
that he fancied the IMF
loan. had worked
with them for years,
lived with the directors
and managers of IMF
and so in this case,
affection has made him
unrealistic”, Mr. Akpan
said.

JPRS*SSA¥85~106
31 October 1985

NIGERIA,



JPRS*SSA+85~106
31 October 1985

NIGERIA

KANO GOVERNOR SWEARS IN CABINET, LISTS PRIORITIES

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 15 Sep 85 p 12

[Article by Yakubu 0. Attah]
[Text]

THE new military administration of Kano State
will uphold and defend the fundamental human
rights of its citizens with renewed vigour.

The Military Governor of the state, Lt.-Col.
Ahmad M, Daku said this while highlighting some of
the programmes of this administration during the
swearing-in ceremony of the re-appointed members
of the State Executive Council at Government
House, Kano, last Friday.

Those sworn-in include Alhaji Abubakar Sadauki as
Secretary to the Government and Head of Service; Alhaji
Ibrahim Ismail, Commissioner for Education; Hajia Rabi
Tliyasu, Commissioner for Information, Youths, Sports, So-
cial Development and Culture; Alhaji Imam A. Wali, Com-
missioner for Local Government, and Alhaji Abba Abdula-
hi, Commissioner for Finance.

Others include-’ Alhaji Madaki Iliyasu, Commissioner for
Trade; Alhaji Usman Shaib, Agriculture; Alhaji Sanusi
Ciroma, Attorney General and Commissioner for Justice,
and Alhaji Mamman Yankwashi Kazaure, Health.

Alhaji Ibrahim Ahmadu
Coommasie was sworn in as
Commissioner ‘of Police,
while Lt-Col. Thomas Isah
was sworn.in as the Acting
Brigade Commander of the
3rd Mechanised Brigade,
Kano, and Wing Comman-
der Edwin Edock as Com-
mander of the 303 Flying
Training School, Nigerian
Air Force, Kano.

The Governor told mem-
bers of the executive , that
he decided to retain them
because he believed their
appointment by his prede-
cessor was based on their in-
dividual competence,
maturity and honesty.

“Thave demonstrated my
confidence in you and I
havé no doubt that you will
continue to offer selfless

51

service to all the people of
this state in particular and
the country in general”, he
declared.

He charged the commis-
sioners to promote a high
sense of responsibility and
to give good leadership
“bearing in mind that the
welfare of all is first and
foremost in all you do”.

The commissioners were
also reminded that they
were in office to serve the
people and, as such, the
people's welfare and happi-
ness should be their prime
target.

He also told them that
there would be no room for
indotent functionaries and
said the pursuit of peace and
prosperity of the people
would. be another major
pre-occupation of the gov-
ernment.

The governor also
pointed out that agriculture.
will continue to play an im-
portant role in the policy of-
the new administration.

On the financial position
of the state. the governor
expressed delight that hé


PRIVATE PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL VENTURES WELCOME

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by James Mensah]

{Text ]

cso:

THE PNDC welcomes
private participation in
all existing non-
functioning agricultural
ventures and other re-
lated enterprises to
make them economi-
cally viable.

This new policy of the
government is aimed at
encouraging individuals or
group participation in
running such enterprises to
benefit both the State and
prospective share-holders.

Dr I. K. Adjei-Maafo,
Secretary for Agriculture
disclosed this in Cape
Coast at the week-end aft-

3400/161

er accompanying Kegronal
Secretaries attending the
18th session of the PNDC
Regional Secretaries’ Con-
ference being held in Cape
Coast on an inspection
tour of the Twifo Oil Palm
Plantation (TOPP) in
which the Central Regio-
nal Development Corpo-
ration (CRDC) has 80 per
cent shares,

The Ministry of Agri-
culture, Dr Adjei-Maafo
said, was carrying out a
valuation of all non-
functioning State agricul-
tural projects in the
country and would invite
interested parties to parti-
cipate in their manage-

13

‘ment and efficient running

by way of share-holding.

The government he said,
would give a free hand to
prospective private entrg-
preneurs to take over the
management of such en
terprises but would moni-
tor their activities to ens-
ure that the State got its
fair share of profits that
would accrue from such
ventures,

‘The Agricultural Secre-
tary said his ministry
would also provide the ne-
cessary assistance for the
efficient operation-of the
enterprises, adding that,
“our objective is produc:
tion and export.”

JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

GHANA



first introduced in 1981, with the intention of ensuring that everyone in the
city had a basic minimum of food.

The government defended the abolition of controls on fruit and vegetables as an
incentive to greater production and more efficient distribution. They also
seemed to think that it would end black market selling of these goods. How-
ever, traders disagreed--they simply saw the measure as legitimizing the black
market. Prices which had been previously illegal were not acceptable.

The authorities hoped that the market traders would follow normal capitalist
economic rationale and compete with each other for customers. Competition,
pius the laws of supply and demand, would ensure that prices did not reach
exorbitant levels. If the market traders had an abundance of produce, then
they would cut their prices rather than see food rot.

But unfortunately, experience so far suggests that the traders do not care how
much of their food goes to waste. Most stalls are selling produce at the same
inflated prices. Only one or two enterprising individuals have played the game
as the governmetn intended and reduced their prices. By and large, the spirit
of competition is absent from the markets.

There is one exception to this: the state fruit and vegetable company,
Hortofruticola, has its own market stalls, and these sell at reasonable prices
(tomatoes Z2$2 a kilo, cabbage Z$1,50 a kilo, grapefruit Z$0.65 a kilo). Not
surprisingly, the only queues in the markets are at the Hortofruticola stalls.

But Hortofruticola does not possess enough stalls to stock the full range of
fruit and vegetables. Nor is it present in all the markets (indeed, markets
in the outer suburbs appear neglected by both Hortofruticola and private trad~
ers alike).

In the central markets, one might think the competition from Hortofruticola
would have encouraged other traders to drop their prices--after all, who is
going to buy tomatoes at Z$11 a kilo, if you can get them for Z$2 with the
slight inconveneince of waiting for ten minutes?

Possiblythe picture may change over time; it is certainly too early to write
off the price liberalization as a failure. But if traders do not alter their
attitudes, prices are likely to rise still further.

The markets have long been hostile to Mozambique's socialist government. They
have been a focus of black marketeering, and centres that frontally attacked
government economic policy. For this reason, Frelimo party leaders have often
regarded the markets as nests of counter~revolutionary activity. But for now,
the nature of the traders' activity has changed, and is apparently legal.

cso: 3400/173

42


TRANSITIONAL GOVERNMENT PARALLELS SEEN WITH RHODESIA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Oct 85 p 12

4
[Text]

There are striking

parallels between the peridd of “transition-

JPRS*SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

NAMIBIA

al” government in the Rhodesia/Zimbabwe of 1978, and its
counterpart in present day SWA/Namibia. That alliance — the
Multi-Party Conference — faces an identical battle to con-
vince an often hostile outside world that it is more than just a
collection of “puppets”, carrying out Pretoria’s wishes.

International recognition for Nami-}
bia’s “internal” parties is “only a
matter of time”, Cabinet chairman
Mr Hans Diergaardt has stated pub-
licly in Windhoek.

A strong sense of deja vu hung
over the words — the same assur-

ances were uttered more than seven »

years ago by both white and black

oliticians as Zimbabwe/Rhodesia’s |

internal leaders tried to convince
their people that their “transitfonal
government” and the later adminis-
tration of Bishop Abel Muzorewa
were gaining influential friends
around the world.

Dangerous as it might seem to
draw parallels between pre-inde-
pendence Zimbabwe and the present
SWA/Namibia, there are neverthe-
less striking similarities.

The “transitional government” fa-
shioned by lan Smith, Abel Mu-
zorewa, Ndabaningi Sithole and the
internal tribal leaders in early 1978

~ and which led eventually to the 4

election of The bishop as Prime“
Minister — was intended to be a vi-

able internal alternative to the Zapu

and Zanu parties of Joshua Nkomo

and Robert Mugabe which were

waging an increasingly violent.

armed struggle.

|

On June 17 this year, State Presi- *;
dent P W Botha installed the “gov- }

ernment of national unity” in Wind- ©
hoek, with much the same aim —
that it would become a united and
ipopularly-supported front against
Swapo or which would, at the very
‘least, prevent the revolutionary or-!

ganisation from becoming the domi-
nant force in a post-independence
Namibia.

Like their counterparts in Salis-
bury in the late 1970s, the politicians
in Windhoek’s Multi-Party Confer-
ence (MPC) administration face the
same uphill battle to convince an
often hostile world that they are
something more than mere “pup-
pets” or “stooges”.

For the Muzorewa government
and now the MPC, public relations
exercises abroad are the name of
the game and overseas trips to
countries sympathetic to the MPC
will be an integral part of the cen-
tral strategy of that game.

Compared to the isolation and in-

. ternational ostracism Rhodesia had
\ been used to in the years following
Ian Smith’s UDI in 1965, the mere
fact that the Salisbury politicians
could visit the United States and
some European countries in their
official capacities was a great mo-
rale boost for them. They found, too,
considerable support among conser-
vative groups both in the US and
Britain who saw the new govern-
ment as being a counter to “commu-
nist” expansion in the subcontinent.

MPs from Mrs Thatcher's Conser-
vative Party even went as far as
coming out to the country to offi-
cially observe the 1979 “one man,
‘one vote” elections, and returned a
favourable report which placed con-
siderable pressure on the British

46

Prime Minister to lift sanctions and
‘recognise the Salisbury administra-
tion.

Nevertheless, both Mrs Thatcher

‘and the then US President Jimmy

' Carter steadfastly refused to give in

to the right wing and did not give
Rhodesia’s new experiment the
blessing it so craved.

On the face of it, the Windhoek
politicians seem to have made con-
siderable progress in swaying world

* opinion, ‘at least in comparison to

the Smith-Muzorewa-Sithole group.

Before their installation as a gov-
ernment, when they were still
merely a political alliance, the
Windhoek MPC men managed at
least to gain the ear of some Afri-
can states — more than the Zim-
babwe-Rhodesians achieved.

After the collapse of the Lusaka
independence talks on Namibia in
May last year, the MPC toured a
number of Francophile countries,
including Gabon, the Ivory Coast,
Togo and Senegal. Members of the
alliance, although they were said by
political opponents at home to have

| been snubbed on the tour, were par-

ticularly heartened by the attitude
of the Ivory Coast President, Mr

: Felix Houphet-Boigny.

"Mr Houphet-Boigny offered to act
as a go-between for the MPC and
Swapo to convene another meeting,


The lectures were instead aimed at how it should be done, and no one hesitated
about the challenges of the new policy of the future.

One representative put it this way: "Today we accept that the black person
must get a say at the highest level. We have chosen the path of reform. We
must follow that path to the end and not be afraid of the consequences."

Another one: "It is clear that the policy of independent black states has not
brought the final solution. We endorse the Government's acceptance of the
permanent status of blacks in urban areas. This is a reality we can no longer
deny."

Unthinkable

And a third one: "We must not repeat the mistakes of the past. We must not
be half-hearted and timid in what we do."

With that spirit as a background, it is not surprising that the congress of
over 450 representatives was almost unanimous in its recommendation that the
old laws from the previous century which deny rights of residence to Asians in
the Free State, are being abolished.

Until recently such a decision was actually unthinkable in Free State
politics, at least not without a hard struggle.

Danger is Less

The State President's announcement on South African citizenship for blacks was
received just as positively, as evidenced by the standing ovation he received
for his explanation.

Perhaps herewith we are witnessing the beginning of something unusual in South
African politics: that the acceptance of the political rights of blacks and
the constitutional changes it necessitates will not set off the divisive
powers which were so much feared.

The danger that the adherents of the party may lag behind in the things the
leadership is required to do now seems smaller than ever. A desire exists to
stand by the Government and to strengthen its hand for the reform.

This should be a reason to be thankful for the party leaders. The Free State
spirit proves that the thinking processes the National Party has been involved
with for a considerable time now have had an effect on the regular party
members and made them receptive to the great changes which must come.

A new, enthusiastic spirit of standing together has been evoked. Presumably
this will also be observed in the five interim elections which will be held in
the north next month. Members of Parliament who are helping there say that
their approach is to speak candidly about demands which are no longer on our
doorstep, but are already with us.

75



JPRS*SSA+85~106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

DRIVE UNDER WAY TO WIPE OUT PROBLEMS FACING POLICE
Harare THE HERALD in English 23 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] The Minister of Home Affairs, Cde Enos Nkala,; said the police force is
not able to react to calls as fast. as it should because of lack of transport
and lack of manpower.

He told The Herald in an interview at the weekend that his ministry was aware
of the problems it faced and negotiations were going on with the Ministry of
Finance, Economic Planning and Development in order to get more funds to buy
vehicles for the police. _— ° .

At the same time, money was being sought to expand the police force so that it
could cope with the extended services, he said.

"For such a big force, which is expected to be swift to cover both security and
crime operations, they do not have transport... What we have is so old that it
is not able to effectively meet police duties." .

The minister said over the last five years there had been little expansion of
the police force despite the fact that the population had increased.

"The ratio between the police and the number of people who have to be taken care
of by a single policeman has so phenomenally grown that the policemen cannot
cover everybody."

Deppite this, the force had not expanded. What has been happening was replace-
ment of people resigning and retiring. "So each time people hear of a pass-out
parade, we will be talking to people who are coming in to replace those who have
left,“he said.

On efficiency he said there were a number of contributory factors such as lack
of transport, the size of the police and low morale.

"If morale is low in any organisation, due to a variety of factors, you are

bound to have the element of inefficiency," he said. "The public should really
be sympathetic to the police rather than denounce them."

137


“During the course of the last five years various negative features have
emerged in the public service. We are all aware of these features and
continue to take action against them.

of

"These include the extent to which inexperience has adversely affected
the quality of performance of officers and instances of financial
maladministration and corruption which have had great publicity," said
Cde Mugabe.

Inexperience by officers would be cured with time and training. A
comprehensive training programme had been established, supported by a
network of training institutions to carry this out. ‘

But, the Prime Minister warned: "Any form of financial maladministration
is unacceptable and it has been the Government policy to ensure that all
such cases are fully exposed and dealt with to the fullest extent of the
law and relevant regulations where they are established."

The policy was for open criticism and frank appraisal of any shortcomings
in ministries for an efficient and honest civil service, said Cde Mugabe.

"However, let me warn those who are inclined to bend and even break all
rules in order to enrich themselves at the expense of the State and the
people at large that we shall give them no quarter and shall be quite
ruthless with them.

"Our public service is simply not the place for the buccaneer and the
get-rich-quick artist. Our watchword must be service to the people at
all times," he said.

The effective operation of the civil service in rural areas and the extent
of its duties had been greatly increased. . This had taken place because
the people sadly lacked many of the amenities those in urban areas
enjoyed.

This exercise had necessitated a larger civil service and the creation of
new ministries.

Cde Mugabe said those who complained that the civil service is too large
should be asked: "Too large, in relation to what?"

"Prom a financial point of view the Govrnment has found it necessary to
contain the size of the civil service and has done so through a freeze on
establishment, but related to the size of our population its size is
easily justified."

In developed countries the size of administrations in relation to the

size of their populations was pro rata and was much higher than was the
case in Zimbabwe.

130


JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

GAMBIA

BRIEFS

JAPANESE AID FOR DROUGHT VICTIMS--Banjul, 8 Oct (AFP)--Japan is to grant
Gambia the sum of Y200 million (about 356 million CFA francs) within the
framework of food assistance, under an agreement Signed in Dakar between
the Japanese charge d'affaires in Gambia, Mr Attaka Oshima, and the Gambian
high commissioner to Senegal, Mr Babou Ousman Jobe. This grant will enable
Japan to supply about 2,340 tons of rice to help Gambians affected by
drought. [Text] [Paris AFP in French 1322 GMT 8 Oct 85 AB]

csO: 3400/164


IJPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

MINISTER URGES CHURCH TO WORK FOR POOR
C
Harare THE HERALD in English 25 Sep 85 p 3

[Text]. The Zanu (PF). secretary for the commissariat and culture, Dr Herbert

Ushewokunze, last night urged the Christian Council to call for the redistri-
bution of both the wealth and the means that create it.

Addressing a group of Christians in Harare on Christianity and socialism, he

said the council could work with the Government to take development resources
to the poor. .

Cde Ushewokunze, who is the Minister of Transport, said: "The Church can also
work with the party in reducing competition and conflict at the local level."

He said there was a tendency by some Christians to want to be the leaders at
the local level, thus creating conflict with the local party leadership.

He called for the practice of liberation theology which he said "goes back
to the Bible and points out that the Church need not be for the rich only".

cso: 3400/119

132


JPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

TRIBESMAN SHOT DEAD--Windhoek--A Kavango tribesman, Mr Tjibandi Poroto (24) was
shot dead by soldiers after he failed to produce an identity document and fled,
according to evidence before a Rundu inquest court. The soldiers of 202 Battalion
were investigating reports that a headman of Mashara in eastern Kavango had given
assistance to Swapo insurgents. Inquest documents on the death of Mr Poroto were
filed in Windhoek yesterday.--SAPA. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

3 Oct 85 p 9]

csO: 3400/157

50


SOMALIA

Briefs
PRC Aided Water Project

SOUTH AFRICA

Call To Do Away With Apartheid
(Piet Muller; BEELD, 4 Sep 85) ..csccscceeeceeveenveeevees

Comments on Botha Citizenship Announcement
(Editorials; DIE VADERLAND, 13 Sep 85; BEELD, 12 Sep 85)

President Botha Announces Policy Change
Action Urged on Policy Change

Government Policy Said To Be 'Too Little, Too Late'
(DIE AFRIKANER, 4 Sep 85) csccsevcccccecccccecceccecceceet

Government Economic Policy Criticized
(DIE AFRIKANER, 4 Sep 85) ..ccsvesccvccccccccccerecscsvece

Treurnicht Criticized for Get-Tough Approach
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 6 Sep 85) ..sceseeccecccccceceuees

Primary Task of Army Still Protection of Borders
(Editorial; BEELD, 2 Sep 85) seccccsseccsececcceeeenceeees

Military Self-Sufficiency Viewed as Partial Solution
(Editorial; DIE TRANSVALER, 5 Sep 85) vsccscceccecesceeces

National Party of Free State Sets Reform Example
(Dawie; DIE BURGER, 14 Sep 85) ..sescevsescceescevcceevers

Public Urged To Express Opinion on New Policy
(Willie Kuhn; BEELD, 13 Sep 85) ..seseccesessccceeeerceess

Hendrickse Reaffirms Non-Violent Labor Party Policy
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 17 Sep 85) ..eccesceeeseeecenveees

Treurnicht Criticized for Get-Tough Recommendation
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 16 Sep 85) ..eccccecevcceccccvvees

Buthelezi Speaks to Red Cross in Switzerland
(THE CITIZEN, 10 Oct 85) ..ssevcccecececeevevcceseccreuees

Buthelezi Gives Swiss View of Post-Liberation Government
(THE CITIZEN, 10 Oct 85) scssececsecscecceeecceceveceeeees

Buthelezi Rejects Chamber for Blacks
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) .cccecccecccescevcccetenscesceees

-d-

59

60

63

63

64

66

68

70

72

73

74

77

79

81

82

83


it is being continually undermined on an increasing scale from the USA? South
Africa cannot allow its domestic order to be maintained according to foreign
prescriptions while the foreign prescribers are just as actively undermining
that order.

What is needed to again bring about stability in South Africa is first to have
a government which has the visible will to rule. The present government is so
battered that it is doubtful whether it is going to straighten itself out for
the demands of this time. It should rather be removed to make place fora
government which can approach and handle the country's problems from the
rudiments.

13084
CSO: 3401/289

67



than the asylum of choice for the Lebanese. Every patriot should ask himself
these questions!

Whatever the case, the Lebanese colony in Conakry should contribute to casting
light on this business of 50 kilograms of gold, rather than raising an uproar.
A dangerous image of the Lebanese is being formed in the collective awareness
of the people of Guinea. It falls to the Lebanese colony to turn this image
into one of a community with the solidarity and unity to defend the interests
of all, and thus those of the state.

5157
CSO: 3419/5

22


We are convinced that that is also the feeling of the State President and the
National Party, for President Botha has emphasized that the matter has a high
priority on his party's agenda, and if fundamental or drastic changes should
be made in the (political?) situation of blacks, people will get the
opportunity to express their opinion on that.

South Africa has experienced a few weeks which no one would like to experience
again; least of all those people in whose interest the struggle is supposedly
being waged.

Thus let's go ahead and answer President Botha's clarion call: "Let's take
each other by the hand and determine our own future."

But let's also remember that from now on deeds will talk much louder than
words.

8700
cso: 3401/2

65



JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

FIVE NEW TRANSMITTER NETWORKS GO INTO OPERATION
Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 15 Sep 85 p 11

[Text] Five new transmitter networks go. into operation within’a month,
ensuring better reception for all radio listeners throughout Zimbabwe,
the director-General of the ZBC, Cde Tirivafi Kangai, ‘disclosed last week.

The transmitters are at Beitbridge, Kamativi, Chivhu, Gokwe and Kenmaur.

“once we do that we can cover most of the country by FM and SW network.
The medium-wave network covers all the urban areas." - |

The Beitbridge transmitter is of an FM-type and is being installed to
provide better listening to the people in the border area, but it will
also help to counter South African Venda programmes, which have'a certain
"political doctoring." ‘

Development

It is, he explained, geared towards development, will counteract the South
African propaganda and should be completed in the coming two weeks

"In Kamativi we are putting up a transmitter that will also service tele-
vision reception for the area's mining community. This is expected to
provide transmission to the Hwange area and should come into service in
two weeks' time. It only awaits commissioning."

The equipment for the Chivhu transmitter is already in the country and.
the corporation is negotiating for a site where the transmitter will be
installed. Commissioning of the Chivhu transmitter will mean programmes
will reach areas in Bikita, Buhera, part of the Midlands Province and
Charter, where it had been difficult to pick up transmission signals.

“We will also be putting a transmitter in Gokwe which will cover the whole
of the area up to the Zambezi escarpment. Another transmitter will be at
Kenmaur ."

Although the Beitbridge transmission network will help in transmission of
programmes in Venda, since January this year Venda programmes have been

141



JPRS“SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

SENEGAL

BRIEFS

LIBYAN FOOD DONATION--The commissioner for food aid will this morning at
1000 receive a donation from Libya. The donation comprises 2,000 tons of
rice and 2,500 tons of sorghum. This donation will be presented to the com-
missioner by the Libyan representative in Dakar. The presentation ceremony
will take place at the former African Food Products Company [SAPAL, Societe
Africaine de Products ‘Alimentaires] warehouse on Rufisque Road. [Text]
[Dakar Domestic Service in French 0700 GMT 11 Oct 85 AB]

cso: 3400/164

58



CANADIANS TO RESUME OIL EXPLORATION WORK

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Oct 85 pp 1, 4

[Article by Faustina Ashirifie]

[Text]

CSO:

3400/163

A CANADIAN drilling
ship is expected in the
country very soon to
continue with the off-
shore oil exploration
work being carried out
by Petro Canada in
Ghana.

Disclosing this to
newsmen at the Kotoka
International Airport
before he emplaned back
home after a three year
duty tour in Ghana, Mr
Frederich Livingston,
former Canadian High
Commissioner in Ghana,
said technical result for
the first phase of the ex-
ploration would be pre-
sented to the government
soon.

And to enable Gha-
naians to acquire the re-
quisite skilJe in oil explo-
ration, Canada is helping
with the training of some
experts, he hinted, and
pledged his government's
practical support to
Ghana’s Economic Re-
covery Programme

45

(ERP).

_ Other Canadian Go-
vernment projects he
mentioned are in the areas
of rural water supply and
the Northern Regional
Rural Integrated Pro-
gramme (NORRIP). He
praised the Ghana Go-
vernment for having been
able to put the economy on
a sound footing in spite of
allodds. ¢

Mr Livingston, who des-
cribed his arrival in the
country in 1982 as oppor-
tune in view of the dimen-
sions of the economic cri-
sis, observed that the ERP.
is gradually working.

It takes time for such
programmes to yield re-
sults, he noted, and advis-
ed Ghanaians to pluck up
courage and help the go-
vernment to achieve the
ultimate goals of the ERP.

JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

GHANA



Some of the world’s top designer labels —
Yves St Laurent, Christian Dior, Pierre Cardin
and others — are found on garments produced
in Mauritius, which now ranks third as.a world
exporter of woollen knitwear.’ .

Mr Jean Michel de Senneville, of the Mauriti-
us Trade Office in Johannesburg, says the EPZ
sector is doing so well that all the new indus-
trial space (46 451 sqm) completed this year has
already been taken by foreign investors.

The scheme works because labour is highly
literate (90 percent of Mauritians are bilingual
in French and English), adaptable, easil
trained, industrious, productive and decentrali-
sation brings work to the labour markets. The
result: last year an 18 percent increase in the

jmanufacturing growth rate over 1983.

cso:

Investors are offered a particularly generous

package of tax and other incentives which
include:

@ Total income tax relief on corporate income
for the first 10 years; 50 percent exemption
from the 11th to the 15th year; 25 percent from
the 16th to the 20th year.

@ Dividends wholly exempted from income tax
for a period of five consecutive years, beginnin;
from the first dividend year, within the first 1
years, .

@ Capital goods, raw materials, compnents and
semi-finished products used by export industries .
are admitted free of customs and other duties.

@ Partial tax exemption on re-invested profits,
tax rebates for foreign technicians and a guar-

3400/173

32

they

antee against nationalisation.

Mr Hamid Jhumka, economist with the Mau-
ritius Chamber of Commerce and Industry, talks
of the New Mauritius based on “the new indus-
trial culture”, .

Under the old Labour regime Mauritius stut-
tered along, unstable with strikes and political
strife. Since 1982, with Prime Minister Anerood
Jugnauth firmly in control, the wavering and
ambivalence have given way to decisive reform.

“Before that Government was very conserva-
tive, unimaginative, without vision and inflexi-
ble in its way of doing things — it had no ener-
gy,” says Mr Jhumka.

“Under Mr Jugnauth Ministers get moving,
e that plans become action. There’s a
more |professional attitude and workers are re-
sponding to this.”

Mr Jhumka and Mr de Senneville agree that
the island’s great need now is to export more
goods to South Africa, a development that would
please the Jugnauth Government.

"Mr Jugnauth talks freely of ties with South
Africa. He does not sweep them under the car-
pet as his predecessors did when it suited them.

At present Mr de Senneville is working on a
pending trade agreement between South Africa
and Mauritius, with the strong hope that it in-
cludes an incentive package favourable to Mau-
ritian exporters.

In a hostile world, South Africa still has some
willing trading partners. Even in a tiny island,
business is business.


met a satisfactory purse and
would proceed with the ex-
ecution of projects and
embark on new ones.

He said the provision of
basic health care facilities as
well as education will con-
tinue with renewed vigour
while rural industrialization
will receive ample attention
towards ensuring the availa-
bility of employment oppor-
tunities.

Earlier in an interview he
granted to the Sunday
Triumph, Governor Daku
said the welfare of the mas-
ses was going to be the car-

dinal principle which he in--

tends:to promote. Said he:
“Tam here for the welfare of
the people and I will insist
that every government offi-
cial to do the same”. In par-
ticular, he said, he intends
to make the local Govern-
ment Council more respon-
sive to the “genuine aspira-
tions” of the people.

Governor Daku_ ex-
plained that, as a muslim,
he regards his oath of office
“very seriously” and will

not allow anybody to stand
in his way to success.

He also expressed his
satisfaction with the prog-
ress recorded in the state
and promised to continue
with all uncompleted pro-
jects he inherited.

Asked on what plans he
has for the state, Lt-Col.
Daku said he would not
make any promises now un’
til he went round all the.
nooks and corners of the
state to assess the situation
himself.

On the War Against In-
discipline (WAI). Gov-
ernor Daku said that if only
people had been responsi-
ble in their duties, there
would not have been any
need to launch it in phases.
He reminded the people
that everyone must account
for his deeds “not only here
but even here-afterTM.

Nevertheless, the govern-
ment. he said, will continue
with the campaign of a bet-
ter environmental sanita-
tion.


and Adzido in its latest outrage. At Keta, the London Park, the only football
field in the town, and the two-century~old Fort Prinzenstein, built by the
Danes in 1982 were being threatened by the angry waves. Meanwhile, the
Kedzi/Keta motor road has been declared impassable following the erosion
which started from June, this year forcing travellers to Keta from Denu to
terminate their journey at Kedzi and make the rest of the journey on foot.
Travellers to Anloga and beyond now go by the Dabala/Srogbe road. [Text]
[Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Oct 85 p 8]

YUGOSLAV COMPANY DONATES DRUGS--A Yugoslav pharmaceutical company, PLIVA,
yesterday presented drugs worth ¢3.5 million to the Government. The drugs,
75,000 vials of Procaine Penicillin Injections 4M, were recieved by the Under-
Secretary for Health, Dr Mary Grant, on behalf of the Government. Presenting
the drugs, Mr Drugan Bursac, director of export, African Department of the
company, said after 15 years operation in Ghana, the company had spoted the
needs of the country. His company, he said, had already given 25,000 vials of
the same product to private hospitals in the country through its representa-
tives, Messrs POLAFCO Ltd., Accra. [Text] [Article by Augustina Aforo]
[Accra GHANAIAN TIMES in English 28 Sep 85 p 8]

cso: 3400/167

18


SOUTH AFRICA ACCUSED OF CLANDESTINELY INFILTRATING BANDITS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 13

[Text]

CSO:

HARARE. '— South
Africa was carrying out
a clandestine operation
to infiltrate dissidents
into Zimbabwe, the
Minister of State (se-
curity), Mr Emmerson
Munangagwa, said on
Thursday night.

In a televised interview

he said South African re-.-

connaissance units had
been moved from the
Northern Transvaal to the
Caprivi Strip in Northern
SWA to make prepara-
tions for the infiltration of
bandits into the country.

He said two officers, a'
former Special Branch
man and a former Selous
Scout, were charged with
the responsibility of fur-

3400/171

thering banditry in Zim-
babwe should the unity
talks between the ruling
Zanu (PF) and its strong-
est rival, Dr Joshua Nko-
mo’s Zapu, succeed.

The Security Minister
also said he knew of a
conference in South Afri-
ca between elements of
former Zimbabwe-Rho-
desia’ Prime’
Bishop Abel Muzorewa,
Dr Nkomo and the exiled
leader of Zanu, the Rev
Ndabaningi Sithole aimed
at an alliance which
would seek permission
from Mozambican band-
its of the MNR to open a
front in Zimbabwe's east-
ern districts.

However, the Security
Minister said, such plans
would never succeed just

139

Minister +

i

as attempts by the MNRTM

* to establish bases along

the Zimbabwe border
with Mozambique’ two-.
years ago had failed.

He said the MNR
would never attempt to
come into Zimbabwe
after what he called “the
Gorogoza lesson,” adding
that there were enough
forces to deal with inter-
nal security without af:
fecting the contingent
guarding the pipeline to
Beira.

Mr Munangagwa_ also
said two of the 12 dissi-
dents who murdered 21
People in Mwenezi (for-
merly Nuanetsi) in the
south- east of the country,
were killed in follow-up
operations and two were
captured.

A spokesman for the
South African Defence
Force said that similar al-
legations had been made
by the Zimbabwe Gov-
ernment at regular inter-
vals over the past few
years.

“There is nothing new
in these allegations and
therefore the Defence
Force is not prepared to
react to this sort of propa-
ganda,” the spokesman
said. — Sapa. . ~

JPRS“SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE


|

DEPUTY MINISTER ON WEST'S IMAGE OF NATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 11
I

[Text] A MAJOR ‘teason for of the challenges facing its
South Africa’s negative statesmen, it was also par-
international image is the adoxically, a country with
fact that the country’s which most overseas crit-
peoples are “different”, ics or simply People ob-
but yet: “the same”, as serving the scene, ‘could
people in the Western relate in some or other re-
world, according to Mr Spect. at

Kent Durr, ‘Deputy Min-
ister of Finance and of
Trade and Industry.

“We are simultaneous-
ly ‘different’ and ‘the
same’,” said Mr Durr,

Opening the ‘Zululand ny
Trade Fait at Richards Different enough to
Bay yesterday, Mr Durr be interesting, similar
said that a particularly un- enough to be understand-
happy feature of the con- able.
temporary scene was the
degree to which the de-
bate over the path of
South Africa’ had been
“internationalised”’.

The upshot was that the
news emanating from this
corner of the world was
bound to be interesting as
it was perceived to be

This arose from the fact within the experience of
that while the country was the observer — but it was
unique in the compiexity not.

CSO: 3400/169

85

JPRS *SSA“85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

AIM RELEASES MORE EXTRACTS FROM MNR DIARY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Oct 85 p 13

i
'[Text ]

Papers reveal plan to bug talks -

MAPUTO — A plan by South African
military officers to eavesdrop on talks
between Foreign Minister Mr Pik
Botha and a Mozambican Government
delegation is alleged in documents said
to have been captured from the MNR
rebels.

The information obtained by bugging
the talks venue would be passed on to
the MNR rebels, according to an entry
in a diary allegedly seized at the
rebels’ Gorongoza headquarters.

The diary entry reads: “They will in-

stall microphones in the negotiating
room to listen in on the talks between
Pick (sic) Botha and the Mozambican
delegation. It will be very advanta-
geous for us.

“In this way we will know Pick
Botha’s plan and Frelimo’s, this was
guaranteed us with Vanikerke, SS colo-
nel in SA.”

This appears to be a reference to the
officer frequently identified in the doc-
uments as Colonel Charles van Niekerk
of SA military intelligence.

MAPUTO — The Mozambique national
news agency AIM yesterday released
further extracts from what it claims is
a captured Mozambique Resistance
Movement diary — to back up claims
that South Africa has violated the Nko-
mati Accord.

The diary appears to provide a basis
for Maputo’s claims that in the period
immediately preceding. the accord
South Africa provided the MNR with
enough guns and ammunition.

AIM said most of the diary covered
the period December 1983 to July 1984.

The dates do not always correspond
with those of the events being record-
ed. Sometimes the dates have been al-
tered.

These are extracts from the diary
(sometimes annotated by AIM):

January 16; “Owing to the undertak-

ings that the South Africans make to

Machel in the light of the talks under

way, resupply for the first six months

of 1984 will come in the first months:

500 pallets in a total of 23 resupplies

apart from their resupplies in January
984.”

On the same day the diary contained
the words: “The team of South Africans
is going to Zambezia at the end of Jan-
vary purpose to train soldiers: 100 in-

39

structors, 200 soldiers — conventional
warfare”.

Zambezia, Mozambique’s most popu-
lous province, is in the centre of the
country and has lengthy borders with
Malawi.

January 18: “It was decided by higher
authority that the Northern Zone Chief
of Staff, C/Daniel, should go to the in-
terior with the following aim: on behalf

. of the commander-in-chief to accom-

pany the group of South African in-
structors at the end of January: es-
tablish liaison between the instructors
and the commanders.”
January 19; The diary referred to a re-
quest to South Africa for “12,7 mm and
Sam-7 weapons for the northern zone”,
adding that “it was agreed that at the
end of January 1984 an aircraft would
go to Botoro DZ in Gurue (in Zambezia
Province)”.

AIM added: “This would take ma-

" terial to be infiltrated further north

into Niassa Province. A second aircraft
was to go to a ‘bandit’ base at Viola in
the district of Maganja Da Costa, also
in Zambezia.”

!



It is to be hoped that this will make a deep impression and that he and his
party will not let themselves be intimidated like so many others, but that
they have the courage to stand together, to dare and persevere for the sake of
a freer and more democratic South Africa. More people will have to follow
their example; too many are apathetic or stand fearfully aside.

8700
CSO: 3401/4

80


character that were adopted, the authorities of Sao Tome had to resolve

the dormant (maritime) frontier difference between Sao Tome and Principe
and neighboring Gabon, The exclusive maritime zone of S. Tome and Principe
borders on the zone of Gabon in the western part of the archipelago, The
difference was resolved as a result of the personal influence of Sao Tome
President Manuel Pinto da Costa, who is a personal friend of President
Bongo of Gabon,

Tt is calculated that, prior to the solution of this difference--which is
not very old--Spanish fishing fleets operating with the authorization of
the government of Gabon were fishing in Sao Tome waters, The authorities
of S. Tome long ago began to charge that unknown boats were fishing in
waters under their jurisdiction without license under conditions that were
hardly possible if they had bases in the nearby African coastal areas.

Development of Small-Scale Fishing with Spanish Support

In their effort to get away from the single-crop situation represented by
cacao as the sole source of foreign exchange, Sao Tome government officials
are putting their money on fishing, giving priority to the development of
small-scale fishing to achieve self-sufficiency in domestic supply of fish
and to make use of the results of large-scale fishing for exports.

Spain and Japan are the two partners of S. Tome and Principe who might
possibly participate in the project. While the government of Japan ex-
pressed its desire to become involved, the Spanish Association of Major
Tuna Freezers will soon supply four fiberglass boats as part of the grant
of the fishing license for Sao Tome waters, The small boats will be used
on an experimental basis and they will gradually be supplied to Sao Tome
artisan fishermen in the required quantity as an alternative to the rather
fragile traditional canoes, if they prove to be profitable in the waters of
S. Tome and Principe,

Direct Cooperation with Business

Except for Portugal and Belgium, the government of S. Tome has so far not
been cooperating directly with the private sector of any other country.
Cooperation with Spain until the beginning of this year included sporadic
trade with advantages to that country and with the repair of industrial
fishing vessels of S, Tome and Principe at the shipyards of Madrid. In
this context, Sao Tome authorities secured loans from the Spanish govern-
ment for two tugs--one of 250 tons and the other one of 450 tons--which
will make up the fleet of the young Sao Tome fishing enterprise, EMPESCA,

5058
CSO: 3442/6

57



JPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT CRITICIZED FOR GET-TOUGH RECOMMENDATION
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Sep 85 p 8
(Editorial: "Dr Treurnicht Recants"]

[Text] Not entirely unexpectedly, Conservative Party Leader Dr Andries
Treurnicht, at the Cape Province congress of the KP [Conservative Party] last
weekend, recanted his recent appeal for the Government to "let loose" the
security forces so that the disturbances in colored areas could be terminated,
rather than using rubber bullets and buckshot.

This happened after the State President and various church leaders, amongst
others, severely criticized that attempt of pursuing a shooting policy while
everything possible is being done to promote negotiation.

Now Treurnicht is qualifying his position in a characteristic manner. Shooting
is not the only solution, he says. The police must have the authority to use
weapons, yes, but they must do that discretely, within the law, and only when
it is necessary.

Dr Ferdi Hartzenberg, deputy leader of the KP, also has his little
contribution in this context. The black states should give up their own
policemen to black areas in white South Africa, he says. Those black police
men would be able to deal with the disturbances much more economically "with
pickaxe handles and clubs" than do the ineffective rubber bullets, which cost
7 rands each.

This is the newest example of the egg-dance of Dr Treurnicht and his party to
clarify what he meant when he meant what he said.

Does the KP leader really expect to impress rational South Africans with that
treading of water and those plays on words? And this at a time when the
realization that South Africa must change is in the process of increasingly
mobilizing white and non-white behind Mr P.W. Botha and his policy of peaceful
reform in the interest of everyone in the country? How naive.

8700
CSO: 3401/4

81



TRADITIONAL HEALERS ON GOVERNMENT PAYROLL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Oct 85 p 4

[Text]

cSO:

3400/170

MBABANE — The Swa-:
ziland Minister of Health,‘
Prince Phiwokwakhe, has.
revealed that about 5.000.
of the country’s tradition-
al healers are already
working as part of the:
government health ser-;
vices because of the acute
shortage of qualified con-
ventional doctors and:
other medical personnel. *
Speaking at the open-:
ing of an. inter country;
workshop on __ primary’
health care in Mbabane
yesterday, the Minister:
said that traditional heal-!
ers were proving a valu-:
able and important
to the. country’s health:
services. U

116

The president of Swazi-
land’s 20 000 strong Tra-°
ditional Healers Associa-
tion, Mr Nhlavana Mase-
ko, announced recently
that a draft constitution
for the association which
had been requested by
the government before a,
merger of the traditional
and conventional doctors
could take place had been
completed.

He also said that plans
had been finalised for the
building of a central hos-
pital by the association
which would include dual
medical facilities and dual
medical personnel where
patients could be treated
by either traditional or
conventional doctors.

JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

SWAZILAND


In a letter to one of the former leader, Yeremiya Kihigho the Rwenzururu
demanded him to take back the Arms and Ammunition he descended with in 1982
and to go back to Rwenzururu together with the people he descended with.

The letters were signed by the Queen Biira Nyamukama and Prime Minister of
the movement Dogas Mulemwa and other leader of the movement.

cso: 3400/1274

119



In an important address to a recent meeting of Guinea-Bissau's National
People's assembly (ANP) in Bissau at the end of April, President Joao Bernardo
("Nino") Vieira stated publicly that his government is “firmly determined to
make this country a true state of law." This was an important statement, on
a continent and in a region where the past and present are intertwined and

in which the weighty traditions of many centuries play a determining role in
ordering the lives of the people, who are predominantly animist in their con-
victions and social behavior.

To turn Guinea-Bissau into a "state of law" is no small task for the adminis-
tration of the young nation, but it is clear that, in this former Portuguese
colony, the exercise of justice is not just a phrase. Still, it is obvious
that ancestral habits are not changed from one decade to the next. In recent
months, the political speeches of Guinea~Bissauan officials have been dominated
by a preoccupation with educating the people that the retrograde traditional
practices are an impediment to the desired pace of economic and social develop-
ment. There is good reason for this concern. Fields are abandoned for the
celebration of animist ceremonies; the schools are emptied when the students
go off to the "fanado" (circumcision, puberty rites); the death of an elder
can bring on a "wailing" (a ceremony which follows the burial and in which
family and friends take part), lasting for weeks, during which nothing is done;
the occult beliefs and fears often give rise to real social calamities. To
modernize the spirit of a whole people, to bring it from a backward, almost
tribalistic state to the civic consciousness of a modern state, is not an easy
‘task. The school plays an essential role in this struggle; it is recognized
to be the determining factor in the country's development process. The effort
in this area has been considerable and today Bissau's authorities are asking
themselves (Nino Vieira's speech to the ANP) if the mass education undertaken
soon after independence is not already far exceeding the country's material

and human capacities.

"Given the increased number of students in the system, we did not have the
capacity, nor was it possible with the available resources, to create new
classrooms worthy of the name or to provide the students with the essential
teaching materials and the minimally qualified teachers required for the edu-
cation which the country needed," the president told the general assembly.

All these issues, which are only introduced here, to be taken up again in the
depth which they merit, are enough to illustrate that the young Guinea-Bissau
is growing and is feeling the effects of this growth. A nation is not built
in a generation.

6362
CSO: 3442/10

26


JPRS“SSA~85~106
31 October 1985

CAPE VERDE

ICELAND'S FISHERY SECTOR STUDIED AS MODEL FOR DEVELOPMENT
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Sep 85 p 10

[Text] Cape Verde economic experts are studying the
possibility of having the country apply the experiences
deriving from the development model of Iceland; this
model is concentrated primarily on fishing exploration,

As we know, Iceland is a European country whose government in 1952 told the
United Nations that it wasan unproductive country. At that point in time,
it had subsistence agriculture. But today it has achieved a per-capita
income similar to that of the United States, This is due essentially to
the development of the fishing industry.

According to Cape Verde techicians employed by the Secretariat of State for
Cooperation and Planning, the choice of Iceland for this study was due to the
fact that this country has a past which is identical to that of Cape Verde,
along with similar characteristics, in spite of its surface area.

In particular, Cape Verde is interested in learning the lesson of how a
country with a single strategic resource--fishing--managed to promote its
development based above all on the mechanism of accumulating foreign exchange
for the purpose of financing other branches of the national economy,

In this connection, experts stressed the fact that the fishing industry,
during its early stages, did not require high technology since Iceland
launched its fishing operations with boats which at that time were considered
obsolete in Europe. On the other hand, private initiative also played a role
which was indispensable for the development of the fishing industry which is
why, they emphasized, in Cape Verde, through certain support and promotion
activities by the state, private outfits will be able to channel their in-
vestments to the development of that area,

According to Cape Verde technicians, "The lessons learned in Iceland show
that fishing does not require any major specialized training, What is
necessary is to have good basic training." Accordingly, they hinted that
"Fishermen switch from a smaller boat to a larger boat and in practice gain
experience as they go along."


But the difference in that the former benefited the majority while in the lat-
ter the profits went to an individual.

He said co-operatives, like any other business venture, needed the services of
qualified and experienced managerial and technical staff as well as tools for
the job im order to succeed.

Co-operatives were the kind of business that involved the sharing of ideas and
labour for collective progress.

"We need many co-operatives, but the problem is that they sometimes have few
implements like trucks to carry the produce to markets.

"Co-operatives also need skilled and experienced technicians, management and
accountants to keep them going."

Cde Mutasa told the people at yesterday's function that some who were with
Cold Comfort after independence were at first apprehensive of the success of
the present concept of co-operatives, but that had now been dispelled.

CsO: 3400/118

134


beamed from the ZBC's Bulawayo studios. But the signals have not been
powerful to provide clear listening.

Venda is the third language that ZBC has used for broadcasting since
independence. In 1982 Tonga and Kalanga broadcasts were introduced.

Of Radio Four, introduced in October 1982 to cater for educational broad-
casts, Cde Kangai said he was satisfied with the progress the station
had made since its establishment and that feedback from both the Ministry
of Education and school headmasters was "encouraging."

Cde Kangai said provision of transmission networks was necessary as this
provided the best way of reaching the majority in rural areas.

"Radio is particularly effective in mobilising the povo for development,
and I think for that matter the leaders of the country should be visiting
Mbare studios more to put their views on national development."

But while ZBC expresses satisfaction in its efforts, it still battles to
explain and convince the general public that some of its programmes--those
favoured by advertisers and also watched by many urban dwellers--are

not seeking to promote capitalism at the expense of the Government's
expressed ideological goals.

Critics of the programme planners at ZBC have charged that popular televi-
sion series such as Dallas, Dynasty and Falcon Crest promote capitalist
ideals. There is also a renewed debate, albeit less vocal, on what the
national broadcasting and television channel should or should not be
showing.

Quality

ZBC counters its critics pointing out that since independence it has
increased the percentage of locally produced programmes from 20 percent
to 55 percent, something that has not been achieved by many Third World
television stations, including some in the developed countries. The
quality of our programmes and their presentation continues to improve
day by day.

Said Cde Kangai: "The public should be made aware of how the corporation
derives its revenue in order to meet its day-to-day operations, which have
recently expanded rapidly. As figures compiled by the corporation's
commercial services will show, Dallas, Dynasty and Falcon Crest at the
programmes the advertisers are interested in, and they are also the ones
that tend to generate the bulk of the corporation's revenue."

ZBC is required to generate revenue to finance its own operations and
recently, Finance, Economic Planning and Development Minister Dr Bernard
Chidzero, in his Budget speech, urged parastatal organisations to operate
profitably. This, says ZBC, is what it is attempting to do by programmes
that bring in two-thirds of its revenue.

142


JPRS*SSA“85*106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

GOVERNMENT'S PRICE LIBERALIZATION NOT SHOWING EXPECTED RESULTS
Gweru MOTO in English Oct 85 pp 20, 21
[Report by Paul Fauvet]

[Text] For anyone who has been told that Maputo is a city of food shortages,
a visit to the markets in the centre of town will provide an agreeable sur-
prise.

Markets are overflowing with food. Stalls are weighed down with tomatoes,
oranges, cassava, aubergines, sweet potatoes and much more. Admittedly, this
is the best season for fruit and vegetables, but this does not in itself ex-
plain the abundance. Last year, the markets were not nearly as full.

But amazement at the sight of so much food soon gives way to shock when one
enquires about prices. In early August, tomatoes cost between Z$5,50 and $11
a kilo. Oranges were Z$4 a kilo, as was cassava. Carrots were Z$11 a kilo,
while green peppers were sold for 2$18,50 a kilo. The minimum wage in the
city is about Z$80 a month. So low income workers won't be eating many green
peppers.

The high price increase is partially the result of the government's decision in
June to let merchants set the costs of some funds.

Previously there had been fixed legal prices for almost all foodstuffs. But
as the war waged by South Africa against Mozambique spread, with the resulting
shortages and transport disruption, price controls broke down and a black
market emerged. No one knows how much food was being sold at black market
prices in 1983 and 1984, although black market foodsales were believed to be
widespread at that time.

Market traders disregarded the legal prices, sometimes quite openly. They
would display a few battered goods on top of their stalls at the fixed prices,
while hiding much of their produce under the stall to be sold furtively at the
black market rate. With the recent government lifting fixed prices for some
goods, these practices are now not necessary.

This year's price liberalization lets merchants set costs of fruit, vegetables
and some livestock (rabbits, chickens, ducks, etc.) Basic necessities such as
rice, maize and cooking oil, however, are still sold at fixed subsidized prices,
and are available in Maputo through a rationing system. Rationing cards were

AL



JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

ANGOLA

LOMBA RIVER BATTLEFIELD, STARK EVIDENCE OF UNITA'S MAJOR VICTORY

Johannesburg THE

[Text]

LOMBA RIVER, An-
gola. — The rotting
corpses of Angolan ;
government soldiers :
and the charred wreck-
age of their Sovict
weaponry bear witness
to a major victory for
the country’s Unita re-
bels at Lomba River in
the bush of Southeast-
ern Angola.

It was on the banks of
the Lomba River, about
270 km north of the South
West Africa border that
the South African-backed
guerrillas led by-Dr Jonas
Savimbi turned back a
government offensive in
bloody fighting at the end
of September.

The battlefield is
strewn with the corpses of
soldiers fighting for the:
Marxist Luanda govern-
ment and with dozens of
pieces of their wrecked

“equipment, —_ including
armoured personnel car- |
!
|
i

tiers and a Soviet MI-25
helicopter gunship com-
plete with rocket pods.

In one spot amid trees
pock-marked with shrap- |
nel, a fully-loaded mul- |
tiple rocket launcher, a
“Stalin organ” has been
exploded by heavy mortar
fire from Unita.

Bunker

Away from the stench. »
of death on the battle- :
fields, Dr Savimbi told re-
porters in a camouflaged

i
H

cso: 3400/173

5

bunker near Mavinga he~
was receiving increasing ;
international support +
after indications that
Soviet soldiers, as well as
their Cuban allies, had
helped to direct the of-
fensive.

Dr Savimbi, currently
based at Jamba close to
the border with SWA, has
been fighting the Marxist
government in Luanda !
since Angola’s indepen-
dence from Portugal in
1975.

He said the aim of the -
now-routed government *
offensive had been to use ,
Mavinga, which has a ma-
jor airstrip and was cap-
tured by Unita four years
ago, as a staging point for
an attack on Jamba itself. {
_ Dr Savimbi put his own |
casualties since August 15
at 410 dead and 832 |
wounded and said Luan-
da had lost more than
2.000 men killed, includ-
ing nine Russians and 36
Cubans, as well as 22 air-
craft and scores of ve-
hicles,

“It. is my conviction
that the Russians wanted
to test the will of the
West,” Dr Savimbi said.
“I can tell you that in

' these last four weeks we

received more sophis- -
ticated weapons than in |

-10 years of war.”

Arab world |
Supplies, among them :

anti-tank and anti-aircraft {

weapons, came from vari-

” through

CITIZEN in English 9 Oct 85 p 11

ous sources including
South Affica and the
Arab world,

“The sympathy is grow-
ing in the countries com-
ing to support us,” he
said.

Dr Savimbi denied An-
golan government allega-
tions of strikes by South
African aircraft. and
ground forces to support
Unita, although the mass-
ive logistical support sup-
plied by Pretoria — in-
cluding ammunition,
trucks, rations and medi-
cal help — is evident in
the war zone.

He also receives help
neighbouring
Zaire.

Dr Savimbi said one
reason for the offensive
by Government troops,

. now apparently retreating

northwest towards Cuito
Cuanavale, was a split in
the ruling MPLA be-
tween those ‘who favour
talks with Unita and those
who do not.

Hardliners

The hardliners had
wanted to finish Unita be-
fore a major MPLA con-
gress in December, he
said, while the current in-
ternational vulnerability
of South Africa gave an
added impetus.

Dr Savimbi said his
forces had failed to cap-
ture any Russians, but he
displayed a Soviet-trained
Angolan government pi-

lot whose MiG-21 jet was ‘
shot down.

Francisco _ Matamba
(22) speaks fluent Rus-
sian and said he had flown
45 missions in Angola, in-
cluding 20 bombing raids
on Mavinga. He said he
had never seen any South
African planes and sup-

, ported Dr Savimbi in say-
: ing the Russians were pi-

loting some of Angola’s
jets.

Dr Savimbi’s troops are
confident and seem well-
disciplined and highly or-
ganised, although few see
a quick end to the war
while Angola’s major citi-
es remain in the hands of
the government, support-
ed as it is by Soviet
weapons and about 25 000
Cuban troops stationed in

' the country.

Dr Savimbi said the
government forces, in
spite of being mauled in
the offensive, are likely to
attack again and he has
appealed to the West for

, help.

Of the United States he
said: “I am making my ef-
fort to make my case
known . . . the sympathy
is there.

“The Russians are like
elephants ... they go
away and they come back
the same way.”

South — African-based
correspondents were
taken to Lomba River on
Monday by Unita. —
Sapa-Reuter.

"



JPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MACHEL GIVES VIEWS ON FOREIGN LEADERS' DEALINGS WITH AFRICA
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 30 Sep 85 p 4

[Text] Lisbon--Rightwing leaders are often more straighforward than the
Left in their dealings with Africa, according to Mozambique'’s President
Samora Machel.

In an interview published yesterday in the Lisbon daily newspaper Diario
de Noticias, Mr Machel said Socialists often were more inhibited and
complicated in relation to Africa.

Describing Britain's Prime Minister, Mrs Margaret Thatcher as "one-hundred
percent Rightwing," Mr Machel said it was she who had resolved the question
of independence for Zimbabwe when the British Labour Party had stalled,
switching between sanctions and support.

Decisive

Mr Machel also said it was Portugal's former Conservative Prime Minister,
the late Francisco Sa Carneiro, who had acted decisively to resolve a
bitter contention between the Lisbon Government and newly-independent
Mozambique in the 1970s.

"My friends and allies are on the Left," Mr Machel said, but added they
were sometimes constrained from aiding Mozambique to show others their
actions were not determined simply by political sympathy.

Cahora Bassa

"It is a question of complexes...the Right feels more at ease. This is
what my experience has taught me," Mr Machel said,

The interview was given in Mozambique before Mr Machel left last week for
visits to the United States, Britain, Italy and Kenya.

On other subjects, Mr Machel said he hoped Portugal would help Mozambique
defend the largely Portuguese-owned Cahora Bassa Dam from attack by anti-
government rebels. However, he said he was not asking Lisbon to send
troops.

35



PRIME MINISTER REJECTS SOUTH AFRICAN SANCTIONS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 8 Oct 85 p 10

[Text]

cso:

3400/170

.MBABANE. —_ The
Swaziland Prime Minis-
ter, Prince Bhekimpi, has
again strongly defended
his country’s refusal to
support sanctions against
South Africa.

During a meeting at
Lombamba at the week-
end with the President of
Senegal, Mr Abdou Diof,
who is also current chair-
man of the Organisation
of African Unity, Prince
Bhekimpi said that Swazi-
land rejects apartheid
which he said had created
instability in Southern
Africa.

He said this had in turn
affected the entire inter-
national community.

“Nevertheless,” said
Prince Bhekimpi, “Swazi-
land rejects violence and
the imposition of sanc-
tions against South Africa
as solutions.”

He said Swaziland be-"

lieved all the parties con-
‘cerned had to be brought
together without any pre-
: conditions, prescriptions
or prejudice, to work out

: through peaceful negotia-;

tion a mutually accept-
able means of saving the
sub-region from the cata-

strophic consequences of
violent confrontation.

President Diof, who is
on a goodwill tour of
OAU States, was met at
Matsapha Airport by the
Queen Regent’s _ rep-
resentative, Prince Mbo-
ni, the Prime Minister
and members of the cabi-
net and supreme council

+ Of state. — Sapa.

115

JPRS“SSA85*106
31 October 1985

SWAZILAND



ECOLOGIST WARNS AGAINST SPREAD OF WATER HYACINTH

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Oct 85 p 3

[Article by Richie H. Attionu]

[Text]

THE Overwhelm-
ing socio-economic
significance of the
Kpong antl Volta.
dams to Ghana,
and indeed to the
sub-region of West
Africa, cannot be
over emphasized.

This article seeks
to flog all moribund.
horses into action to
prevent these and
other dams in the
country from becom-
ing infested with we-
eds. Indeed the entire
nation needs to
mount vigilance
against weed traf-
ticking. This call has
become necessary
following the disco-
very in Accra of the
most notorious, tro-
pical acquatic weed,
the water hyacinth
(Eicchornia crassi-
pes) which had hit-
herto been unknown
in Ghana,

When Lake Kariba in

Central Africa began to
Hill, the water fern (Salvi-

cso: 3400/163

nia auriculata) was enti-
rely unknown, Suddenly it
appeared, presumably
from the back waters, and
undgrwent an explosive
vegetative reproduction.
In about a year nearly
300km of the lake surface
‘was covered by this weed.
Other aquatic weeds took
advantage and swiftly co-
lonized the floating mat.
So robust did it become
that one could get off one’s
boat and walk on the
floating island.

Such a cover of matted
vegetation does pose pro-
blems on lakes and ponds.
‘Aeration of the water by
wind-generated mixing is
severely curtailed. This
may result in massive
mortality of fish fauna.

ishing and navigation are

‘discouraged. Such mats

are also known to be the
preferred habitats of some
vectors of water-borne
iseases.

In fact some hydro-
electric installations are
known to be directly af-
fected by weed infestation.
The drop in water-level of
tropical dams due to eva-
poration may-gallop espe-
cially during the harmat-
tan season. The situation
may be worsened by
evapo-transpiration over

14

the enormous area of leaf
surface of floating aquatic

weeds, These are but only -

some. of the havoc that
-water weeds can cause on
lakes and ponds,

Against this background
may be appreciated my
personal concern about the
sudden appearance, in,
Ghana of the water hya-
cinth, a foe more formid-
able than the water fern. It
consists of a rosette ot lea-
ves from under which
hangs a tuff of feathery
roots. The leaves are shiny,
olive green in colour. The
feaf-blade is nearly circu-
lar in shape and measures
‘about seven centimetres in
‘diameter. The leaf-stalk is
about 20 centimeters long
and is blown out into a
spongy balloon in the
aniddle. The flower-stalk is
also spongy and bears a
“cluster of mauve flowers
ithat a bridesmaid would
‘ke to pin in her hair.

Like some sudd-forming
weeds, the water hyacinth
reproduces vegetatively by
means of stolons at a phe-
nomenal rate. The smash-
‘ing beauty of this weed
may explain, at least in
part, its appearance in’
Ghana, being sold as an
ornamental. Sabotage in
its subtle form cannot be

JPRS“SSA~85~106
31 October 1985

GHANA

ruled out however.

May I, at this juncture,
cry out to all institutions
that have bee
with responsibility for
dams to mount a vigorous
campaign aimed at keeping
these bodies of water
weed-free. This can be
achieved through a swift
and tactful collection and
destruction of all known
stocks of the water hya-
cinth and such like plants.
The general public should
be educated on easy iden-
tification of at least the
problem weeds through
radio and television an-
nouncements, Posters that
bear the pictures of the
water fern (Salvinia au-
riculata), the sedge
(Cyperus papyrus) and
the water hyacinth (Eic-
chornia crassipes) may
be displayed on the televi-
sion and at vantage points
throughout the country.
Centres, to which.informa-
tion on the location of the-
se aquatic weeds can be
given, should be strategi-
cally sited and adveriized.
My only prayer is that this
apparently lucrative bet
thoroughly unkoly trade
in weeds — each plant sells
for 400 cedis — is not en
joying the sponyorship of a
mafia.



BANK SEEKS TO ESTABLISH STOCK EXCHANGE

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Sep 85 pp 1, 5

{Article by Rosemary Ardayfio]

[Text]

cso:

THE Bank of Ghana is
making efforts towards
the establishment of a
stock exchange, Mr. J.S.
Addo, ‘Governor of the
Bank of Ghana, has an-
nounced in Accra.

When it is established, it
will serve as the focus for
trading activities in the
capital market which will
help mobilise long-term
resources such as venture
capital and direct them
into productive projects.

* Mr Addo was giving the
keynote address on the to-
pic “The future pattern of
banking in Ghana” at the
first seminar on “Banking
as an instrument fot na-
tional development” orga-
nised by the Ghana Insti-
tute of Bankers.

Ghana's financial sy-
stem, he further said, is
capable of being developed
and its resources harnessed
more efficiently when in-
stitutions and practices: in
the economy are modelled
in such a way as to permit
development and growth.

If this is done, Mr Addo
said, the financial system
of which the banking sy-
stem is an integral part can
hecome a powerful agent
for development.

3400/162

Be observed that if the
financial system on the
other hand is kept within
straight-jacket conditions,
it can stultify and impede
economic development.

He said the primary role
of any banking system is
financial intermediation
which involves the mobili-
sation of funds from sur-
plus units for on-lending to
deficit units.

However, he added, “the
performance of our bank-
ing system in mobilising
resources leaves much to
be desired.”

The Governor stressed
that future development of
the banking system, in
terms, of technological in-
novation and the services
that new technology ma-
kes possible, will greatly
depend on improvements
in the field of communica-
tions.

He hoped that national
attention will be focused
on the need to improve the
communications s}
enable the banking
derive maximum benefit
from moaern technology.

Tn a paper read on his
behalf, Mr. Yaw Osafo-
Maafo, Managing Director
of the Bank for Housing
and Construction (BHC),
said for economic develop:

IPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

GHANA

ment to occur, investment

which promote long-term
projects was necessary to
promote linkages to ca-
talyse overall develop-
ment.

He said to rehabilitate
and improve Ghana’s eco-
nomy requires the spirit of
entrepreneurship.

“It is only with a widen-
ing and strengthening of
the base of the people with
the capacity for risk taking
that economic develop-
ment could be institutio-
nalised,” he added.

The President of the
Ghana Institute of Bank-
ers (GIB), Mr. Emmanuel
N. Nortey, said the semi-
nar is part of an educatio-
nal programme designed to
raise the awareness of,
some of the members with
regard to the role bankers,
are expected to play in the
development of the eco-
nomy.

He noted with regret the
absence of facilities in the
country for banking edu-
cation, adding that, the
institute is therefore
studying proposals which,
when implemented, would
broaden the scope of the
existing facilities to inclu-
de banking courses in the
universities.



Deputy Minister on West's Image of Nation
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) sesseceeccevccreeceesceeceesees

Government Sources Say Group Areas Act on Way Out
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 9 Oct 85) ceceeeseceveccevees

Coloreds Lose Homes in Council Land Rezoning Action
(Andrew Thomson; THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) ..

Newsmen Deny Paying Rioters, Twisting Facts
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) scsccccsecececececececececeseces

Afrikaner Rift Major Issues in By-Election Campaign
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) ..

Minister Comments on Urgent Need To Slow Population Explosion
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Oct 85) ...eeeeee

British Radar System Not Being Used by Military
(THE STAR, 20 Sep 85) .iccccccvccecccccevvsceecs

‘Hesitancy' of Blacks Said To Be Barring Reform
(David Braun; THE STAR, 20 Sep 85) ....e.

Report on Other Voices Filling Leadership Vacuum
(Ken Owen; SUNDAY TIMES, 22 Sep 85) ..

Alan Paton Offers Views on Growing Despair
(SUNDAY TIMES, 22 Sep 85) ..

Court Ruling on ‘Black Spot' Removals Welcomed
(THE STAR, 25 Sep 85) sesecevececcsceccenceenceevcenscess

State Revises Slice-Up of Three Homelands
(David Braun; THE STAR, 25 Sep 85) civeseceeeseevceseceee

Businessmen on Plans for RSA. Trade, Investment
(Staffan Bruun, Mosse Wallen; HUFVUDSTADSBLADET,
14 Sep 85) ...

Cool International Bank Response Can Have Force of Sanctions
(DER SPIEGEL, 16 Sep 85) ....0.

Briefs
Transvaal Farmers Confront Government

SWAZILAND

Prime Minister Rejects South African Sanctions
(THE CITIZEN, 8 Oct 85) wevcscsececcceeneccceensvceeeners

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

95

97

98

100

110

114

115


JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

BANANA CRITICIZES PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN AGAINST NATION

Harare THE HERALD in English 24 Sep 85 p 1

(Text] The propaganda campaign by certain Western powers and other prophets
of doom about insecurity and political instability in Zimbabwe is largely un-

founded and geared not only to scaring away investors but tourists as well,
President Banana has said.

Such negative publicity against Zimbabwe never took into account the realities
of the country's situation nor that of the region, said the President.

He made these remarks in a speech (the text of which was released in Harare
yesterday) read on his behalf by the Minister of Natural Resources and Tour-
ism, Cde Victoria Chitepo, in Sofia, Bulgaria. She is attending the 10th
anniversary meeting of the World Tourist Organisation which started last week
and ends on Thursday.

"The fact that peace and tranquility prevails in Zimbabwe is unquestionable,"
said the President, "and this is confirmed by the ever increasing number of
international tourists visiting our tourist resorts."

Zimbabwe was not committed to the concept of international co-operation alone,
as evidenced by its membership of the World Tourism Organisation, but it had
developed bilateral relations with neighbouring countries through permanent
commissions. Those included Zambia, Tanzania and Mozambique.

A variety of topics was being discussed, including the possibility of develop-
ing a Zambezi basin authority to exploit Zimbabwe's considerable resources,
joint training schemes and pooling of market resources.

Cde Banana said it was time for the less developed countries to formulate a
clear idea of their untapped or partially tapped resources.

Tourism's economic impact worldwide was growing as evidenced::by the fact that
it grew by 6 percent in 1979 over the previous year and internationally by 9,6
percent that year.

Although realisation of the impact was being felt in developing countries, which
accounted for 68 percent of international tourist arrivals, the rate of growth
during the past few years had been greater in the less developed regions of the
world.

127



Kemi

Heikki Haavisto (Center Party) is a member of Kemi's administrative council.
He sees no reason to act on the basis of Kemi's trade with South Africa.

[Haavisto] We should wait for directives from the government, It is up to
society to see to it that uniform directives exist which apply to all.

[Question] But different principles are now being applied to companies and
sports and cultural representatives?

[Haavisto] That is correct. The rules should be made uniform. But it is up
to the government to do it.

[Question] What do you intend to do in order to end Kemi Oy's trade?
[Haavisto] Nothing in this phase.

It is news to the chairman of the administrative council, Teemu Hiltunen
(Social Democrat), that Kemi is doing business with South Africa.

{Hiltunen] The administrative council deals only with major things. The
deals are made by others.

[Question] Isn't trade with South Africa today a major deal?
[Hiltunen] Certainly it is serious. I must now quickly demand an account of
the South Africa trade from the chairman of the executive board. When we have

the facts before us we can react.

[Question] Do you promise to do everything in your power to halt the South
Africa trade?

[Hiltunen] I cannot imagine a situation in which I go against the country's
government.

[Question] Does that mean that you will try to halt trade?

{Hiltunen}] I'm saying nothing more.

Enso

Parliamentary Speaker Erkki Pystynen (Coalition Party) on Enso-Gutzeit's
administrative council thinks that the question of the South Africa export is
difficult.

[Pystynen] I believe that the company's executive board and administrative
council should discuss this thoroughly, and so far we haven't done so.

105



JPRS+SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

Citizenship rights include much more than the right of residence and a
passport. They also include political rights.

On that basis, the State President's mentioning of a potential referendum is,
in our opinion, much more important than just a pacifying assurance. One
should also read that together with Minister Chris Heunis' statement that the
totality of laws affecting blacks in the Republic of South Africa will be
thoroughly studied.

If the coupling policy lapses and if it is taken into account that citizenship
also means political rights, one comes to the inevitable conclusion that
blacks in South Africa can lay claim to full political rights. The
alternatives proposed in the past to avoid that now will be completely
defunct.

The excuses of the past as to why permanent Blacks in South Africa cannot have
any say in the government then will no longer be valid.

It would thus not be unfounded to conclude that the State President meant with
his reference to a referendum that drastic changes will come about in the
government structure itself.

Not the inevitability of that, but the implicit recognition is important.

Let us express the hope that it will come about through visible negotiations
between the Government and black leaders, so that the latter will be openly
committed to agreements which are reached.

Action Urged on Policy Change
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 12 Sep 85 p 18
(Editorial: "Citizenship"]

{Text] Undoubtedly no one knows better than President P.W. Botha that his
interesting speech yesterday on citizenship for Blacks is only a small step on
the road toward constitutional peace. But it is also just as indisputable
that if you want racial peace in the country, there is no other place to start
than with citizenship. It continues to be the key to many doors which, as
Minister Chris Heunis said on the same occasion, must lead to joint decision-
making processes and a policy which will reflect the diversity of our entire
population. Citizenship, the birthright and most valuable possession of every
human being, has been denied by us (let's admit it) for a long time to
numerous black people of the country.

Naturally that what President Botha has said with so much conviction will
still not satisfy those who exploit black frustrations. Therefore content
must be given as soon as possible to this concept with respect to the way it
affects blacks, and one should not linger in applying it in practice.

64


JPRS*SSA*85~+106
31 October 1985

“GUINEA

CONAKRY RADIO ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE MEASURES
AB061829 Conakry Domestic Service in French 1245 GMT 6 Oct 85

[Text] Starting next Monday, anyone wishing to sell foreign exchange to the
state can do so. The exchange rate is fixed as follows: 1 CFA franc for 0.72
syli and Frl for 36 sylis instead of 2.76 syli, as is the case now. Experts
have referred to this move as an operational boost, while those who are bent
on strangulating the country's economy call the move suicidal. The presi-
dent of the republic simply stated: The. life and death of the country are
now in the hands of the Guineans themselves.

Contrary to the belief of the saboteurs of the national economy that this
measure is meant to feed the poor with the money of the rich, this measure
is actually meant to counteract the black market and to bring foreign ex-
change into the state coffers, Undoubtedly, those bent on destroying the
economy are working on ways to make this measure fail, even though the mea-
sure is salvatory in nature, at least for Guineans living abroad, private
investors, and businessmen. These saboteurs will persist in their black
market activities, they will double the prices of essential foodstuffs, or
they will strengthen their base of hoarding activities. This is why regu—
lar checks on the activities of these dishonest persons are necessary, be-
cause they have become true usurers, working for some dishonest expatriates.
Specialized banks should be set up at public places, at airports for example.
Tourists and businessmen must be made to change their foreign currency at
reasonable rates at the point of entry, and such changes should be accompanied
by receipts. These are some of the.measures that must be taken in dealing
with foreign exchange in order to avoid operating at a loss or working in
vain.

CsO: 3400/164

19



Cde Nkala said corruption in his ministry was not as widespread as was por-
trayed. Referring to three policemen who were arrested for allegedly swindling
the Agricultural Show of money, he said they were a few individuals who did
not tarnish the image of the police force.

Cde Nkala said just because a few policemen were corrupt, people should not
paint the whole police force with the same brush and say every policeman was
corrupt.

"The public should be cautioned because they can destroy the morale of the ».

police. Yes, a few members of the police are corrupt as much as you get cor-
rupt people elsewhere. Why should it all be heaped on the police as if it is
the only institution that is corrupt?" he asked.

He said the public should spare the police because a lot of them were good
officers and quite exemplary in their dealings with the public.

"I have spoken very strongly against corruption adn even said those who are
involved or are on the touchline of this phenomenon, have no home in the
police force.+. Look at the Commissioner of Police, he was suspended further
investigations and he was a very high officer in the police."

Cde Nkala said the police force was a reflection of the nation and therefore
was required to be exemplary in its duties. Visitors usually looked for help
from the police and if this was not forthcoming, they would leave with a bad
impression of the country, he said.

“Qur policemen are sufficiently disciplined. They don't go around beating
kids in the streets and doing things they shouldn't."

The minister said when people denounced the police force and its actions, they
must not forget that they were in fact denouncing themselves.

Police Aim To Tighten City Beat

The Minister of Home Affairs, Cde Enos Nkala, has assured the public that the
police will effectively deal with thieves and muggers in the city centre.

The recent increase in pickpocketing in the city and stealing of property from
cars, would soon be stamped out.

"We have discussed that and the Commissioner of Police has worked out a way to
deal with the situation. We don't want to tell the thieves what we are going
to do to them, because they will improve their methods," he said.

Cde Nkala said the police was becoming more sophisticated and therefore would
be able to deal with any problems that it encountered.

cso: 3400/118

138


1. Unreservedly supports the FANT in their constant patriotic efforts to
restore territorial integrity, safeguard unity and national independence, and
work for security and peace;

2. Calls on every patriotic Chadian man and woman to work alongside the FANT,
actively and on every front, in the exalted task of defending and securing the
fatherland,

Resolution of Support for the Population of the Occupied Zone

--Considering that the only desire of the Chadian people is for peace and
freedom;

--Considering the humiliations, the harassment and the suffering of every kind
to which our brothers and sisters in the occupied zone are subjected because of
the Libyan invaders;

--Considering the heroic resistance these patriots put up constantly to the
barbarity of the Libyan regime;

The Central.Committee extends to them its solidarity and unreserved support.
Exhorts them: to.continue resistance in every form and reiterates its commitment
with them to achieve the total liberation of our despoiled country. Appeals
once again to the national conscience and asks all the Chadian people to show
active solidarity with our brothers and sisters victimized by this intolerable
occupation, .

Recommendation on Social Conditions Among the Military and Their Families
The Central Committee recommends:

1. That the government hold back a month's wages from the pay of all members of
the government, the National Consultative Council, the Central Committee,
permanent undersecretaries and heads of agencies, as well as all Chadian
technical personnel in the para-statal and private enterprises, so as to start
a vast program aimed at improving housing, schooling and medical care for the
families of the military. :

2. That the government do everything possible to give military personnel access
to residential building sites,

3. That RAJEUNIR [UNIR Youth Rally], the military engineers corps, and
municipal government join forces to build new housing and repair older
structures as soon as possible for the benefit of military families.

4, That the government reactivate the program of rehabilitating disabled
veterans so they can be returned to active life.



VICTORIA FALLS RESIDENTS CHEER HUNGARIAN LEADER

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 Oct 85 p 1

[Text]

cso: 3400/149

f

| HUNDREDS of Victoria Falls residents yesterday

‘tuimed out at the town’s airport and lined roads to
welcome . the ‘visiting Hungarian President, Cde Pal
Losonczi,

After watching traditional dancers, the visitors
were driven to the Victoria Falls on an extensive
tour of the town’s major tourist attractions.

They first visited the erbcodile farm, were they
saw Some of the more than 6000 crocodiles on the
farm, After Junch they were taken on a@ two-hour
cruise on the Zambezi River.:

Accompanying the Hungarian leader were the:
« Minister of Information, Posts and Telecommunica-

tions, Cde Nathan Shamuyarira, and Zimbabwe's
ambassador to the German Demiocratic Republic, Cde
Moses Mvenge.

@ The Zanu (PF) Harare provincial secretary for
publicity and information, Cde John Zhakata, yester-
day. appealed to, party lewders to organise people to
be at the airport today 8 give a rousing send-off to
Cde Losonczi at the end of his three-day State visit
to Yambabwe, + .

136

JPRS“SSA“85+106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE


Beneath the land there are known to be extremely important phosphate deposits
(a Portuguese company, Ferrominas, has already been invited to provide tech~
nical assistance to Bissau's Department of Geology and Mining to initiate.
exploitation) and also bauxite; at sea, prospecting is ongoing to locate petrol-
eum, which is known to exist in quantity on the offshore shelf, although there =
is no official report yet on the potential for commercial exploitation. -
(Incidentally, the admitted possibility of the existence of petroleum off the-
shores of Guinea~Bissau lay behind the maritime border disputes between the
young republic and its neighbors Senegal and Guinea~Conakry. With regard to
Guinea-Conakry, the issue was settled to the satisfaction of both parties by.

an international court of arbitration, which granted two-thirds of the disputed
zone, in the south, to Bissau. Once the conflict with Guinea-Conakry was
resolved, Dakar agreed to submit its border dispute to another court of arbi-
tration, which should meet soon in Geneva.) :

Agriculture Basic

Guinea~Bissau has a total land surface of 36,125 square kilometers, 8,000 of
which are covered by rivers and periodic tides. Its population is estimated

at about 767,000 inhabitants (1979 census). Of these, 87 percent live in the
interior of the country, grouped in 3,600 "tabancas," semicommunal villages .

on which the country’s economic and social organization is based. The remaining
13 percent of the population is concentrated in Bissau, the capital, which

is the center for the money economy, public administration and the business
sectors. .

The average density is 29 inhabitants per square kilometer and the average :
growth rate is estimated at 2.2 percent per year. An average family comprises
6.3 persons. a

The birth rate is very high and mortality, specifically infant mortality, is

also high, for various reasons: the lack of a potable water supply for the
people, the lack of medical infrastructures (1 hospital bed for 600 inhabitants),
the lack of physicians (1 for 8,000 inhabitants) and the presence of endemic
gastrointestinal disorders.

The economically active population numbers about 400,000, only 25,000 of whom 7
are salaried or are paid for their labor; about 14, 500 are civil SArVvANts«

About 88 percent of the active population is in the primary sector, 3 percent.
in the secondary sector and 9 percent in the tertiary sector. One of the basic
questions facing the country's administration is to arrive at suitable policies
for the articulation and gradual unification of its economies (urban and tradi~
tional), to create an integrated national economy. .

The lack of articulation of the two economies has been most clearly reflected
in the very low levels of production and domestic marketing; the peasants were
not responding to the economic incentives, the prices on the parallel: market:
were very different from the official prices and the supply of goods was inade-
quate, : :

24


IJPRS*SSA*85~+106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORT ON OTHER VOICES FILLING LEADERSHIP VACUUM
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 22 Sep 85 p 29

i ‘

[Article by Ken Owen]

[Text]

POLITICS, like nature,
abhors a vacuum. That

-Parsons of Assocom and Mr
‘Jan Steyn of the Urban

question, whose word car-
Ties little weight, and

is Foundation were arguing whose moral authority has
1s ny alty business, South Africas case a the been eroded until people

’ is we saying sensi- in to make their own so-
churches, and the bly that we are ina process Tutions.

schoolchildren, and
perhaps even the

armed forces, are tak- wanders off into the bush — given the impression for =

ing charge of matters without telling his boss — some time that they are go-

which the Nationalist to see the Mozambique ing their own way, and one
overnment can no National Resistance Move- ' does not have to go back to

E ontrol. ment (Renamo). the deceits surrounding the
longer c! . Meanwhile, the SADF; 1975 invasion of Angola to
President Botha is sup- has been by dropping para- understand why. .

posed tobe the chief spokes- - _troops, taking in a few wea- When senior army offi-

man of the nation, but the
word of Bishop Desmond
Tutu carries far more
weight in the world.

Chris Heunis is sup- :

posed to be managing con-
stitutional “changer but it is
Mr Gavin Relly of the Anglo
American Corporation wi
leads a delegation to see the
leaders of the African
National Congress. :
The meeting -with the |
ANC was not intended to
determine our future, but it
has not been without conse-

‘of unstoppable change.
Besides, Mr Louis Nel

ns, and sending “humani-
rian aid” to Renamo.
—_———$————————

Display of
ineptitude

—————

For the life of me, I can-
not see the difference be-
tween the “humanitarian
aid” which we give to guer-
rillas' in Mozambique and
the “humanitarian aid”
which causes such an out-

Elements of the armed
forces in particular have

cers supplied weapons. for
the Seychelles debacle,
their actions were — like

| Louis Nel’s — “unauthor-

When a small task force
invaded Zimbabwe and got
shot to pieces, it was also
described as “unauthor-
ised” until people started
asking who then controlled
the armed forces? Since
then, sullen silence.

When the Government
announced we had pulled
out of Angola, a commando

juences, ery from Pretoria when it .

q ‘Among these is the en- is given to the African unit turned ve In Cabinda.
hancement of the ANCS | National Congress by West- who survived that debacle
claim to primacy in the lib; erm church said his mission was to

eration struggle, which
raises worrying questions ;
for Chief Mangosuthu
Buthelezi, among others.
‘The Leader of the Opposi-

les.
All “technical violations”
— a ligte ou mistykie, as
the great Afrikaans editor
Schalk Pienaar would have
said — but also an astonish-

blow up American-owned
oll installations, the Gov-
ernment insisted lamely
that he was looking for
ANC camps, and hinted

tion it Assembly, ing display of ineptitude or
van a Slabbert, is by ad Texdessness in puting nat that he was speaking under
ried about the need to nego- risk the accord that rture. ice for the loss of

tiate that he has offered to
work with President Botha
to establish a forum, and is
now creating a second
forum of his. own. He sees
time running out.

been South Africa’s great-.
; est recent diplomatic

achievement.

‘Well, the explanations
may hold up in Sasolburg
and Port Natal for the by-

credibility is getting heavy.
The American Govern-

| ment, its willingness to be-
lieve Pretoria blunted by

Mr Pik Botha is supposed elections but these are all
to be in charge of (eign symptoms of a government
affairs, but Mr Raymond : whose legitimacy is in ‘

93



HUNGARY OFFERS HELP TO NATION'S FARMERS

Harare THE HERALD in English 2 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] HUNGARY 1d willng to,
help Zimbabwe in agricul-
tural development and
research, tho — visiting
Hungarian President, Cde
Pal Losonczi, sald in Ha-
rare yesterday.

Cde Losonczi, himself a
farmer, confessed: “I feel
my own wounds” after
‘his visit to Nijo Produce,
a sprawling 1 042,48 ha *
estate bought by the
Agricultural, and Rural ;
Development Authority |
two years ago. |

The Hungarian leader '
was responding to re- |
marks made by — the |
Minister of Lands, Agri-
culture and Rural Settle-
ment, Cde Moven Ma-
hacht during a tea break ,
at the estate.

Cde Losonczi praised {
the progress achleved at |
the estate and quipped: |
“We wouldn’t have ed
to shew our visitors any
of our farms after only
two years of State
acquisition because of the
multiple organtsational
problems, j

“] take much pride in -
being a farmer and I re- |
main so at heart,” he ;
sald, j

He wished Arda suc-

cess in achieving ts |

objectives, “To put it |

modestly, Hungarian agri- +

cso: 3400/149

culture is more advanced
than that in Zimbabwe
but the strides made
within a relatively short
time were grest and
augur well for the coun-
try,” he sald.

‘he Hungarian leader
arrived at the farm at
‘about 8 pm and was met
by Cde Mtonach, and his
deputy, Cde Swithun Mo-
mbeshora,

‘Tho estate grows toma-
toes, ontons and carrots
on ‘120ha of’ irrigated
tana. A dry -land, maize

’ erop is produced yearly.

‘The estate caters for the
army and several vege-
table retall outlets in the
city, It employs about

home,

As the  Presidentiat
motorcade pulled up at
the house in New Canaan,
hundreds of Higificld
residenta gave Ode Los-
onezi a rousing welcome.
Highflela ts Ode Mugabe's
constituency.

Ode Loponezi was
shown around and fully
by President

house in 1980 tn which
man Was injured, =.

135

JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

"The. _butlet - pe]
walls have been ine

ct,

Cde Losonczt also visit-
ed Heroes’ Acrexwhere he
laid a wreath, accompa-
nied by President Banana
and the Prime Minister,
Keter completing his

ter completing
tight tour schedule Cde
Losonczt later reeciyed
Cde Mugabe, who paid a
courtesy call on him st
Guest House. — Herald
Reporter, Ziana,



GOVERNMENT SOURCES SAY GROUP AREAS ACT ON WAY OUT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Oct 85 p 5

[Text]

THE Group Areas Act |

and Separate Ameni-
ties Act will be abolish-
ed in. their present
forms and _ certain
“positive” aspects
brought together in
new legislation,
according to informed
Government sources.
The Citizen was told
yesterday that the state-
ment by the State Presi-
dent, Mr P W Botha, to
the Cape Congress of the
National Party last week
referred to exclusive resi-
dential areas, and not the

whole of the Group Areas
Act as it now stands. _,
Amend |
However, action to §

amend these legislative
measures may not be
taken at the next session
of Parliament, because
the re-drafting process
will be a “long and deli-
cate matter”.

But some action is like-
ly in 1986 towards reform-
ing these laws at the 1987
session of Parliament,

This was the response
to strong criticism of Mr

iSO: 3400/169

{Article by Brian Stuart]

Botha’s statement’ from
leaders of the Progressive
Federal Party in the
House of Assembly. La-
bour Party in the House
of Representatives and
National People’s Party in
the House of Delegates.
The Rev Allan Hen-
drickse, Labour Party
leader and Cabinet Minis-
ter, told his party's East-
ern Cape congress at the
weekend: “To hell with
the Group Areas Act”.
Yesterday fellow Cabi- ;
net Minister 'and NPP -
Leader, Mr Amichand.
Rajbansi, endorsed Mr
Hendrickse’s strong stand
against the measure.

Removal

In the past, both Mr
Hendrickse and Mr Raj-
bansi have said that their
participation in the new
parliamentary system de-
pends on the removal of
discriminatory legislation
and both have named
Group Areas and Separ-
ate Amenities as laws that
must go.

But senior government
members were yesterday
not alarmed at a possible
head-on collision about

86

the measures. They point-
“ted to the fact that the con-
stitutional affairs commit-
tee of the President's
Council is examining
them and is due to report
to Mr Botha next year. °

Mr Botha took the in-
itiative in referring the
1966 Group Areas Act,
1953 Separate Amenities
Act, 1966 Community
Development Act and
1979 Slums Act to the
President’s Council for
advice and recommenda-
tion.

The recent report of
the Strydom Committee
of Inquiry, which was crit-
ical of certain aspects of
group areas and separate
amenities legislation, was
also referred to the con-
stitutional affairs commit-
tee.

Strategy

This is the same com-
mittee which last month
presented a strafegy for
“positive urbanisation”
and recommended the
total abolition of. influx
control and the pass laws.

In its report, the com-
mittee held that influx
control would not be rec-

IPRS*SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

onciled with “the general
rights of citizens and resi-
dents and with the prin-
ciple of equality before

The committee is ex-
pected to analyse group
areas and separate ameni-
ties legislation against the
same criteria, And while
the Government has been
adamant that separate
residential areas and edu-
cation facilities must be
maintained, some possi-
bility of “grey-areas” has
been mooted.

Consolidated
Further, Mr Botha has
asked the President's
Council committee to
examine whether all these
measures should not be
abolished in their present
forms and consolidated
into a single Act of Parlia-

ment in a new form.

“The last word on
Group Areas Act and
Separate Amenities Act is
far from having been
spoken.” The Citizen was
told, “Within the next
year-or two these meas-
ures could be the focus of
further reform _ initiat-
ives.”



Resolution on Questions of Defense and Security
The Central Committee:

1. Decrees that all of UNIR's base cells, as well as the entire population, be
broadly sensitized to defense and security problems, for which every citizen
must assume a share of responsibility.

2. Decrees that UNIR must strengthen, equip and improve the revolutionary
people's militia in the towns, particularly in border villages,

3. Decrees that the government shall sensitize and motivate security organs to
become more effective in their work.

4, Calls urgently on all active sectors of the population to actively oppose
domination, divisiveness, exploitation, subjection, and every form of
aggression, regardless of its source,

5. Calls on all countries that love peace and justice to help the government
restore the nation's territorial integrity.

9516
CSO : 3419/596


JPRS¥SSA*85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

'HESITANCY' OF BLACKS SAID TO BE BARRING REFORM
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Sep 85 p 4

[Article by David Braun] \

[Text] The one huge stumbling block barring the swift
progress of reform was the hesitancy, and even refus-
al, of some responsible black leaders at all levels to
become involved in the negotiating process, the
Transvaal leader of the National Party, Mr F W de
Klerk, said last night.

Opening the Transvaal NP congress in Pretoria,
Mr de Klerk said the negotiation process had become
of crucial importance. “Without negotiation, accord
between a majority of all groups is impossible. And
without accord a lasting solution remains a dream.”

WHITE THINKING

Mr de Klerk said that four factors were bedevilling
the negotiation process.

These were:

@ Intimidation and fear.

@ Mistrust and suspicion.

n incorrect interpretation of white thinking.

@ The debate on who should or should not take part in
the negotiation.

Intimidation of black leaders was a reality, and
many people had told the Government that they
dared not come forward for fear of their lives. This
situation had to be rectified. “The Government will
do its part. With responsibility and understanding for
the innocent majority, we will continue with strong
action against the intimidators and revolutionaries.”

In an even tougher vein, Mr de Klerk warned that
those who believed that whites could be pressured
into accepting one mani, one vote in a:unitary state
.were making a big mistake.

CsO: 3400/130

92


COURT RULING ON BLACK SPOT' REMOVALS WELCOMED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Sep 85 p 14

{Text ]

cso:
ae

CAPE TOWN — The
Government will have to
obtain a specific resolu-
tion of Parliament for
every “black spot” com-

munity it wishes to reset-«

tle forcibly after an Ap-
peal Court judgment de-
claring the removal of
the Bakwena ba-Mogopa
tribe from Magopa in the

Western Transvaal ille-

gal.

Miss Laurine Platzky,
prominent campaigner
against forced removals,
co-author of an impor-
tant work on resettle-
ment and co-ordinator of
the National Committee
Against Removals
(NCAR), said the judg-
ment could have “enor-
mous implications” for at
least another 100 “black
spot” communities under
threat of removal.

Miss Platzky said the
judgment, handed down
by the Appeal Court last
week, meant the Govern-
ment would have to go to
Parliament to resettle
any “black spot” commu-
nity which refused to
move.

The Appeal Court ruled »

that section 5 of the

3400/130

f

Black Administration
Act, in terms of which
““black spot” communi-
ties are resettled, meant
that where a tribe re-
fused to move from one
| area to another in com-
pliance with an order by
the State President, such
an order would have no
effect unless Parliament
approved the removal.

“We are very pleased
about the judgment. We
think its an important
legal victory that will
have to be followed up
for other communities,”
Miss Platzky said.

In February last year
the Magopa tribe was
forcibly resettled in
Pachsdraai near Bophu-
thatswana after the Rand

, Supreme Court refused to
| declare the removal ille-
‘gal.

“This could have enor-
mous implications for
other ‘black spot’ com-
munities threatened with
removal,” Miss Platzky
said.

She added that the Mo-
gopa tribe would now
apply for a reversal of
the order expropriating
its land.

97

JPRS+SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



(1). DIE
RESERVEN
SCHWINDEN

(2 )Wirtschaftsdaten
aus Sdafrika

Bruttoinlandsprodukt
Veranderung gegentiber dem Voy)
in Prozent @ »)

Leistungsbilanz (5 )
in Milliarden Rand

plus

minus
1984

Devisenreserven
in Milliarden Dollar
(6)

*T Auslandsschulden (8)
in Milliarden Dollar

Schuldendianst (2insen)(1.0)
in Prozent ( 11 )
des Export: Pir

9917
cso: 3420/93

Key:

113

Reserves are dwindling...
Economic data from South Africa
Gross Domestic Product
Change compared to previous
year, in percent

Current: account, in billion
rands

Gold and foreign currency
reserves, in $ billion

of these, gold reserves
Foreign debts

of these, short-term debts
Debt. servicing: (interest)
in percent of exports


SOUTH AFRICA

CALL TO DO AWAY WITH APARTHEID
Pretoria BEELD in Afrikaans 4 Sep 85 p 16

["Political Picture" by Piet Muller: "Speak Loudly and Clearly: Don't
P y
Advance Looking Backward"]

{Text] The past three weeks have shocked South Africa into the realization
that perceptions are often more powerful than facts,

The haste with which foreign banks tried to call in their South African loans
was grounded not on facts about the South African economy but on a supposition
that the country has landed in an unresolvable political dilemma.

It was not just foreign banks who got worried either. Some international
companies sent observers to South Africa to get the actual "facts" and to re-
port to them on how safe their investments in the country are.

In the same way the increasing pessimism in South Africa also has no connec-
tion with what the government is prepared to do, or not to do.

If you analyse government declarations, from the state president's Durban
speech to the declaration issued before the departure of the three EEG minis-
ters, it is clear that those in power have declared apartheid effectively dead
and are ready to negotiate over full participation of Blacks in the political
system.

For some reason, however, there is a serious short-circuit between what the
government is prepared to do and what people think it is prepared to do. It
is precisely this short-circuit that has led to a worldwide crisis of confi-
dence, growing despondency among Whites and more unrest among Blacks.

The confidence gap is becoming so wide that white women who have been talking
confidentially to black women for years now warn that "something" is building
up in the black community.

The problem is naturally that the white community, whose lives are practically
untouched by the state of emergency, can scarcely imagine the conditions now
prevailing in the black areas. They are thus often unable to understand the
messages signalled to them from black ranks.

60


JPRS“SSA=85+106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT POLICY SAID TO BE 'TOO LITTLE, TOO LATE!
Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 4 Sep 85 p 4
{Article: "Too Little, Too Late']

[Text] The Government's action against rioters, the arrest of Dr Allan Boesak
and the ban on Cosas must be welcomed even though that action is somewhat
belated and is occurring in installments. By this time it must be clear to
the Government that its approach to the riot situation has been wrong for a
long time, that it dallied much too long before taking action, and when it did
finally start to take action, it was much too hesitant and limited. It
allowed the authority in black towns, in schools and at universities to become
seriously undermined, the rioters to get worldwide publicity to undermine
confidence in South Africa, and figures like Dr Boesak and Bishop Tutu to
ereate a cloud of rebelliousness and lawlessness by their activities.

Whenever a country has to deal with that sort of revolt and violence, it must
not give the impression that it is afraid to use its power, for it is an
invitation to the rioters to behave worse and worse every time. The funerals
were an object lesson of this. They increasingly became an occasion for
incitement and violence, especially since the news media so willingly gave
publicity to them. This soon led to the burning of people alive and at the
game time to the hoisting of the hammer and sickle at a funeral where Drs
Boesak and Beyers Naude were carried on shoulders.

There are many questions which the Government will have to answer for itself.
One is why Dr Naude's restriction was lifted right after growing riots.
Another is why it did not earlier put -- and still has not put -- a ban on the
UDF, knowing that that organization is virtually just the ANC in another form.
Another question is what it is going to do with the communist-controlled black
trade unions on the one hand and the American-trained and -~inspired black
trade unions on the other. Perhaps the most important and most urgent is the
Government's flaccid and meek demeanor vis-a-vis every American meddler. To
the great gratitude of Dr Henry Kissinger, Mr Pik Botha at that time virtually
threw open South Africa's doors to almost any American who came here to teach
Blacks the American Negro riot methods of the sixties. The American companies
played their role in influencing Blacks against order. In the name of
"eultural and educational exchange," hundreds of Blacks were taken to the USA
to be indoctrinated there. How will the Government maintain law and order if

66


NEW MEASURES TO STEP UP COCOA PRODUCTION ADOPTED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Oct 85 p 1

{Article by Anthony Tawiah]

[Text]

THE Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) has
adopted a number of measures which will
make the country recapture her lead in
cocoa production on the international mar-
ket within the next three years.

Under the programme, a seven-member

team of extension officers are to be attached
by COCOBOD to every 1,400 hectares of land
under cocoa cultivation throughout the
country to step-up production to more than
350,000 tonnes within the estimated period.
Last year’s production stood at 65,000 tonnes.

In the meantime, COCOBOD has scrapped
the Farmers’ Services Unit under the Cocoa
Services Division which hired labour to cocoa

farmers.

Disclosing this in Tama-
le at the annual national
executive meeting of the
Cocoa, Coffee and Shea-
nut Farmers Association,
the Deputy Managing Di-
recior of the Produce Buy-
ing Company, Mr J. W.
Biney, explained that the
extension officers made up
of field assistants,
mistblower technicians,
seed garden experts and
labourers, would ensure an
efficient and reliable ex-
tension service to cocoa
farmers to increase their
yields.

Mr Biney therefore, urg-
ed the farmers to assist in
formulating plans on how
best COCOBOD could re-
deem large hectares of co-

cso: 3400/161

i

coa farms unattended to
and over-grown with bush.

According to him, ex-
perts have predicted that
when these abandoned
farms are cleared, Ghana
would produce about
400,000 tonnes of cocoa
annually. .

Mr Biney announced
that the seedlings of “Ro-
busta”, a high yielding cof-
fee are also being nursed to
be supplied freely to coffee
farmers to increase coffee
production.

He hinted that some
farmers in the Kwahu
District especially at Be-
pong, have started benefit-
ing from the scheme.

On the sheanut industry
which is a potential foreign
exchange earner, Mr Biney
said COCOBOD would
whip up interest in the in-
dustry by extending the
farmers Welfare Package
Deal to sheanut farmers.

Mr Biney, however, re-
gretted that a few
misguided farmers were
thwarting the efforts of
COCOBOD to make life

JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

GHANA

more comfortable for them
by allowing themselves to
be used by unscrupulous
purchasing clerks and

nk officials to abuse the
Akuafo Cheque system in-
troduced in the interest of
the farmers resulting in the
loss of about 43 mil 5

The Soma-Wura, Wil-
liam Siaka Diabour who
replaced Nana Owusu
Gyembi as the National
Chief Farmer of the asso-
ciation, stressed the need
for unity among farmers
and appealed to the go-
vernment to increase its
assistance to the associa-
tion.



experience, has questioned
the explanation of this
week’s incursion into Ango- .
la.

It seemed too much of a |
coincidence that the raid
came precisely when Ango- |
lan Government forces
were seriously threatening
Jonas Savimbi’s headquar-
ters at Jamba, not far from
the Caprivi border.

oii
Uncanny |
record i

The Angolan Govern-
ment, which has built up an
uncanny record of telling us
things about our own
armed forces that later ap

ear to be true, says our Air
Force attacked its army.

‘The Government's loss of
credibility spills into other
areas. Foreign banks have

lost faith in the promises, _

and indeed in the will, to
reform.

On this front I am sure
they are wrong. but one can
see their difficulty: it re-
mains impossible to say
what kind of reform the
Government has in mind, or
where it hopes to end up.

So Chase ‘Manhattan
wants its money and it
wants to get out; Barclays
of Britain has reduced its
share of its local operation.

Phibro Salomon, one of
the world’s leading com-
modity traders, shut up
shop after its senior execu-
tives had_seen President

Botha’s Rubicon speech,
Legal and General has sold
out to Volkskas. The chick-
en run is on. *

South Africa’s reputation
for probity in financial
matters, like its reputation
for a blunt Afrikaner hones-
ty, has been squandered.

Dr Gerhard de Kock
must go around the world
with his cap in his hand,

csoO: 3400/130

trying to explain that we're
not broke, we just don't
have any money.

And the Financial Times,
like millions of other peo-
ple, concludes from this
sorry episode that we can
now be pushed “in the right
direction”.

If so, one might ask, who
decides what direction?
Our very sovereignty is in
question.

The pretence that the
Nationalists know what
they are doing in managing
the country has been shat-
tered.

Other nations have found
the self-discipline to bring
down inflation; our Govern-
ment continues even today
to make its first priority
the satisfaction of the limit-
less greed of the civil ser-
vice.

Mr Barend du Plessis is
beside himself with plea-
sure because Government
spending, up by 20-odd per-
cent over last year, is only a
little above budget. .

Dr Frank Shostak, the
economist, says we do not
have a monetary policy of
any kind, and the results of
the last ten years’ endea-

- vour by the Government
- would seem to bear him

out,

We manage to combine
astonishing unemployment
with rampant inflation.

‘Third World
- membership

Even sympathetic ob-
servers are now saying that
we are clearly headed to-
wards membership of the
Third World: a country
where nothing reall
works, but everyone mud-
dies along doing what he
thinks fit.

The army dashes about
the subcontinent, perform-
ing disastrous acts of der-
ring-do, Mr Relly and Mr
Parsons, if not Mr Nel, try
to make good the damage.

94

f
{

The Reserve Bank, hav-
ing let foreign borrowings
soar from R6 000-million to
R21 000-million in five
years, puts control of our
finances into the hands of a
Zurich gnome.

Foreign newspapers, not
to say foreign govern-
ments, pronounce on the ac-
ceptability or otherwise of
every action we take.

Clergymen are in jail,

land thugs conduct their
‘own courts and executions
in the streets, Reform goes
ahead to an unknown desti-
nation.

The crowning trony is
that the party that tried to
impose apartheid, but

failed, is now trying to dis-

mantle It, and failing, So
everybody else is rushing in
to fl the vacuum of leader-
ship.


GDR ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT ARRIVES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Oct 85 p 1

[Article by Albert Sam)
[Text]

THE German-
Democratic Republic
~ firm which has been
contracted to underta-
ke the €1.2 billion re-
habilitation of Kumasi
roads has started tak-
‘ing delivery of assort-
+ ed heavy equipment
: and machinery for the
project.

Already, one of the two
vital machinery — the
Crusher, has arrived in
the country while the
batching plant is expect-
ed shortly.

The firm has also ac-
quired an area on the
Antoa road, to pitch its
camp there. Arrange-
ments .have reached an

. advanced stage for the
acquisition of a plot at
Buohu where the highly
sophiscated batching
plant will be sited.

Mr G. N. Gogo, Chief
Highway Engineer in
charge of Ashanti who
disclosed this in an inter-
view in Kumasi yester-
day said the company

cso: 3400/161

16

has also acquired an area
at Labone in Accra to be
used as a transit camp.

Mr Gogo assured resi-
dents of Kumasi that
everything was being
done to enable the pro-
ject to start on schedule,

He stated that the
project involves a com-
prehensive drainage
work and hinted that
surface drains with slabs
would be preferred under
the project.

‘On progress of work on
the Atonsu Bridge in
Kumasi which has beco-
me a source of concern to
most residents, Mr Gogo
said the contractor
working on it has been
provided with the requi-
site materials which were
lacking initially and that
the bridge would be com-
pleted by the end of the
year.

Meanwhile, more Ger-
man experts have started
arriving in the country to
start work on the camp
and the assembling of all
the equipment needed for.
the project.

JPRS“SSA+85+106
31 October 1985

GHANA


JPRS*SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

NAMIBIA
WESTERN POWER COULD RECOGNIZE NATION SOON
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Sep 85 p 24 . \
t
. I:
[Text] ‘WINDHOEK — The Government of National Unity in .

Windhoek could soon be recognised by a major West-
ern power, says the chairman of the cabinet, Mr Hans
Diergaardt.

.Although he would not name the government con-
cerned, Mr Diergaardt assured an audience here this
week that it was “only a question of time” before rec-
ognition was granted.

The Cabinet chairman recently visited West Ger-
many, where he was well received.

Earlier this month, 114 West German parliamen-
tarians signed a petition declaring their support for
the government in Windhoek and calling on Chancel-
lor Helmut Kohl to provide financial support.

Mr Diergaardt said a number of countries were
“changing their tune” about the Windhoek adminis-
tration, which took office on June 17 this year. Cer-«
tain countries had stopped referring to the “illegal”
government as they had in the past, and now spoke of"
the governnient in Windhoek.

There were also states which were looking with
renewed interest at the possibilites of investing in
Nainibia, he said, quoting as an example a West Ger-
man grant of R16 million for the construction of a
jtrade school in Windhoek.

The administration in Windhoek, which was formed
from the Multi-Party Conference (MPC) alliance of
‘six political groups, has, since the failure of the Lusa-
ka conference last year, been trying to gain support
jaround the world. In general, however, it has re-
:ceived a hostile reception. vos

CSO: 3400/157

45



JPRS*SSA+85*106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER COMMENTS ON URGENT NEED TO SLOW POPULATION EXPLOSION
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 11

[Text]

cent a year — and if this

THE Minister of National
Health and Population
Development, Dr Willie
van Niekerk, said last
night that the greatest
teality facing Southern
Africa was an increasingly
desperate need to curb
the population explosion.

Addressing a meeting
of the Bellville, Cape,
Afrikaanse Sakekamer,
Dr Van Niekerk said that
this reality would dictate
the future of South Afri-
ca, as well as of the rest of
Africa and the developing
world.

“The future will be de-
termined by the degree
and speed with which
control can be obtained
over the population
growth,” he said.

Demographically
speaking, South Africa
was already in crisis, “and
if Southern Africa cannot
succeed within the next
two decades in cutting
down on’ population
growth, the already clear
poverty cycle will intensi-
fy, and an ever greater
proportion of the South
African population will
become poorer,” he said.

South Africa’s problem ,

was the same, demogra-
phically as most African
countries.

South Africa’s popula-
tion was at present grow-
ing at an average 2,3 per-

growth were maintained,
the population! would in-
crease from the 28-mil-
lion, including the self-
governing states, to about
47-million by the turn of
the century.

It would then escalate
to about 80-million, by the
year 2020 and 138-million
by 2040 — an increase of
about 20-million people
within 15 years.

“It is very clear that the
growth rate will make tre-
mendous demands on the
South African economy,
on social, health and edu-
cation services, on agti-
culture and the sources of
survival.

“At an estimated aver-
age economic growth rate
of 3 percent a year within
the next 15 years, only
half the 1 000 people who
will be entering the la-
bour market every day
will be able to get work,”
said Mr Van Niekerk.

cso: 3400/168 i u

wt

90


“Sometimes we cannot move faster because of a manifest lack of means,"
Bernardino Cardoso said; as an example, he cited the delayed arrival of Portu-
guese teachers in Bissau, particularly those who will be teaching [advanced]
courses, because of the lack of housing, since “our country is not in a position
to provide enough housing for the number of teachers it needs."

To overcome the problems in such areas, Guinea-Bissau has opted for trilateral
cooperation; two projects already in progress involve Portugal, on one hand,
and the United States and Sweden, on the other.

"There is a potential for trilateral cooperation which can and should be exploited
in international cooperation," Cardoso argued, alluding to Portugal's partici~
pation in projects in the priority sector of agriculture.

"These are agreements pertaining basically to technical assistance. The United
States and Sweden provide the financial aid and Portugal provides the technical
assistance.

“We think there are great possibilities for this type of action, and we are
considering the possibility that Brazil could also join in such schemes with
other multilateral partners, such as the UNDP (United Nations Development Pro-
gram), for example, with which we also have a trilateral accord, including
Portugal, in the health field," said the secretary of state for cooperation.

South-South Trilateral Cooperation

Although Portugal was the first partner to come forward with this type of coopera-
tion, Bissau is now seeking to interest other countries, particularly Brazil,

in such activities. Bissau is also seeking South-South cooperation, advocated

by President Nino Vieira in foreign talks.

"We think that trilateral cooperation offers possibilities for countries to
develop South-South cooperation, with a third partner to finance the activities.
Our thinking is that this type of cooperation may be more suited to the real
needs of developing countries," the Guinea~Bissauan offical noted.

Guinea-Bissau, which was targeted for substantial foreign aid at the dawn of
its independence, now finds it more difficult to interest its traditional part-
ners in the problems inherent in its current stage of development. Although
he laments the fact, Bernardino Cardoso says this is natural,and he recognizes
the reasons.

“When, 11 years ago, Bissau became independent, the international economic
picture was different. Since then, other countries have emerged with their

own needs amd, since the donor countries at the international level are always
the same, the available funds must be divided among more countries," he declared.

He added that "a basic problem which comes up here is the existence of a new

policy at the international level, which is the ‘policy of concentration," which
some of Bissau's partners have adopted.

28


Zimbabwe's regional and international tourists links had increased due to its
election to serve on the executive council of the WTO and as vice-chairman
for 1985.

Racist

"Despite the remarkable achievements so far recorded at the subregional level
(in Southern Africa) our developmental efforts have been largely frustrated

by the systematic destabilisation tactics of the apartheid racist regime which
trains, finances, arms and deploys bandits in the Frontline States in an attempt
to deny us the exercise of our inalienable rights to self-determination and in-
dependence."

Cde Banana assured the WTO of Zimbabwe's political support in its vital role
as a catalyst to the growth and expansion of travel and tourism.

The president also urged the WTO to work tirelessly in increasing international
awareness and condemnation of the apartheid system and isolation as well as

rejection of South Africa in areas of international trade, commerce, sport and
tourism.

cso: 3400/119

128


JPRS*SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

GHANA

AGRICULTURAL MINISTRY SEEKS TEMPORARY LIFTING OF YAM EXPORT BAN
Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 3 Oct 85 pil
[Article by Kennedy Fordjour-Mensah]

[Text]

THE Ministry of Agri-
culture in consultation
with Regional Secreta-
ries and  Under-
Secretaries in-charge of
agriculture is to work
out a programme with
the Ghana Export Pro-
motions Council to lift
temporarily the ban on
the exportation of yam:

This is to make it poss-
ible for the country to ex-
port surpluses of yam cur-
rently in the system.

If the export drive is not
embarked upon, Ghana
stands to lose more than 50
per cent of yam produced
this year. 7

Dr I. K, Adjei-Maafo,
Secretary for Agriculture
disclosed this in an inter-
view in Accra on Tuesday
after a surprise visit to the
900 hectare pilot project
farm at Sege.

He noted that yam pro-
duction in the Northern
and Brong-Ahafo Regions
had yielded good results
and if the surpluses were
not disposed of through
exportation, the country
would face similar
blems as happened with
maize last year,

The rationale behind the
scheme, the Agriculture
Secretary said, is to pre-
vent waste in the system

3400/162

and give the farmer his due
rice. The farmer will thus
encouraged to increase
productivity in subsequent

During the surprise visit
to Sege, Dr Adjei-Maafo
disclosed that’the govern-
ment is to intensify block
farming in the country as
from next vear. It is aimed
at the maximization of ef-
ficiency and proper uti-
lization of agricultural in-
puts.

According to Dr Adjei-
Maafo, this system of
farming made it easier to
service farmers more effi-
ciently than to have them
scattered at different pla.
ces.

In an interview with
some of the farmers, the
Agriculture Secretary
learnt that acute water
shortage was the number
one problem facing them,
and at a point in time, the
pegnle claimed that they
had to consult an oracle
before getting rains,

The Agriculture Secre-
tary said there was the ur-
gent need, therefore to
provide the farmers with
reservoirs for good drinking
water, especially while
working on their farms,

The ultimate solution to
the water problem, he said,

12

was to work out a plan of
bringing water to the peo-
ple from the Volta Lake by
digging canals. ;

br Adjei-Maafo said as
soon as plans matured, an
irrigation specialist. would
vited into the country
to work out the details.

Dr Adjei-Maafo who
learnt from the farmers
that they were formerly

iving supplies of in-
uts, reassured them that
is ministry would re-
activate the scheme and
supply them with items
like “matchets, essential
commodities and cloth at
the controlled prices,

‘The Secretary’s visit, his
first since he assumed
duty, was aimed at getting
first-hand information on
the problems facing farm-
ers in the area and to see
how best his ministry
could help find lasting so-
lutions to them.

He was accompanied by
Colonel P. A. Agyemfra,
Operations Assistant to his
ministry,

The pilot project farm
was established on the ini-
tiative of the Chairman of
the PNDC, Fit-Lt. J. J.
Rawlings, as a settlement
farm otherwise known as
“Rawlings Farm”.


JPRSSSA+85~106
31 October 1985

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

FISHERIES COOPERATION WITH SPAIN OUTLINED
Lisbon AFRICA JORNAL in Portuguese 11 Sep 85 p 15
[Article by Martinho Tavares]

[Text] Cooperation between S, Tome and Principe and Spain in the fishing
industry--the main area of cooperation between the two countries--has been
extended to the Spanish private sector, At this very moment, eight Spanish
tuna boats of the Association of Major Tuna Freezers of Madrid are fishing
in Sao Tome waters,

By way of compensation for the (renewable) 6-month license, the Spanish
consortium--which also operates in the waters of nearby Gabon--will pay the
government of Sao Tome an amount of 2.5 million pesetas and four small fiber
glass boats for small-scale fishing, which the authorities are trying to
develop. In addition to this, the Spanish enterprise will also supply S.

Tome and Principe with information on the potential of the sea around Sao
Tome and about the species of fish caught during the operations of the fishing
vessels; there is no market for these fish in Europe but they are consumed in
the archipelago.

Gabriel Farro, director of the Association of Major Tuna Freezers of Madrid,
was in S. Tome quite recently where he signed the agreement now in force with
Sao Tome Fishing Minister Celestino Rocha da Costa. A preliminary agreement
was initialled in Madrid by the Sao Tome fishing minister who was in that
capital recently. It is hoped that cooperation with Spanish enterprises in
this field will grow even further and officials are looking forward to a
visit by the secretary of state for fishing of Spain to Sao Tome shortly;
this will be the first visit by a Spanish government official.

Under the terms of the agreement concerning the license grant, the eight
tuna boats of the Association of Spanish Tuna Boat Operators will keep a
minimum of 4,000 tons of tuna at the refrigeration warehouses in the one and
only fishing port of S. Tome and Principe, the port of Neves, before they
are shipped to canning plants in Spain,

Differences Resolved

Several steps had to be taken by the government of S, Tome to make this type
of agreement possible. In addition to the recent measures of an economic

56


JPRS +*SSA+*85~106
31 October 1985

ZIMBABWE

MP'S CHALLENGE ZAPU ARREST STATEMENTS
Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Sep 85 p 5

[Text] Amnesty International was recently taken to task by a Zimbabwean Parlia-
mentary team in London for alleging that prominent PF-Zapu members were being
detained for opposing a one-party state.

The Speaker of the Assembly, Cde Didymus Mutasa, said yesterday the allega-
tions came to light in Ottawa, where a four-member Zimbabwean delegation at«
tended an Inter-Parliamentary Union conference which started on September 2.

The delegation, led by Cde Mutasa, included the Deputy Minister of Local ~
Government, Rural and Urban Development, Cde George Chinengundu, the Deputy
Minister of Youth, Sport and Culture, Cde Amos Midzi and two officials, Cdes
Austin Zvoma and Edith Mukotekwa.

Cde Mutasa said the conference discussed several issues one of which was
human rights.

"There is a small committee of the inter-parliamentary union concerned with the
human rights of parliamentarians and we found waiting for us an array of ques-

tions and draft resolutions concerning members of Parliament who were detained

here.

"This committee wanted to know what was happening in Zimbabwe. We put
Zimbabwe's case as straight as possible," said Cde Mutasa.

"We pointed out to them that this was a matter that was provided for by the
constitution and that before the Government exercised that power, the process
first went through Parliament."

He said he explained in detail the procedure through which a state of emergency
was declared and renewed every six months.

"I told them parliamentarians are the custodians of that process. They should

not regard themselves as immune to that law which they helped to establish,
and renew every six months.

125



von Troil also says that Minister of Education Kaarina ‘Suonio was wrong when
she spoke on television about the markets of thé wood processing industry in
Africa. noes ; oes

"Suonio said that the South African market can easily be replaced by markets

in black Africa, but that is not correct. The markets there are very
limited."

11949
CSO: 3498/1

109



South Africa's debt, compared to the economic strength of the country, is
actually not overly large: about $24 billion, only half the size of
Argentina's foreign debt, about one-quarter of the amount that Mexico owes
to foreign creditors.

Yet the bankers, by now experienced in crisis matters, should have been
able to foresee that South Africa would land in the debt trap.

After all, $14 billion are falling due within the next 12 months. The
necessary foreign currency is missing, however,because foreign investors
and creditors have been pulling back their money for months now.

And yet, to the bitter end FRG bankers apparently tried to ignore the fact
that the industrial state on the Cape, largest gold producer of the
Western world, would develop into a candidate for debt rescheduling. As
one credit manager in Frankfurt says, “until now, there was no risk
prevention planning.”

According to estimates by experts, as much as 10 percent of South African
foreign debts are owed to German banks. Among the large banks, Dresdner
Bank is at the top of the list with DM 1.2 billion; Deutsche Bank has DM
780 million, Commerzbank DM 450 million of South African debentures on
their books. About one-fourth of each amount is guaranteed by the
government through the Hermes insurance.

Credit managers now can hardly avoid making so-called value adjustments:
insiders estimate that about one-third of the credits will have to be
written off.

South Africa's debt moratorium has hit financial institutions in Great
Britain and the United States even harder. The Boer republic owes them the
most money. In early August, when matters began heating up more and more
at the Cape, two U.S. banks--New York's Chase Manhattan and California's
Security Pacific National Bank--were the first to pull the emergency cord.
According to insiders, both financial institutions called back large
amounts from South Africa. A short time later, the well-known U.S.
financing company Phibro-Salomon withdrew completely from the South Africa
trade.

The refusal of U.S. banks to routinely extend short-term credits soon
landed Pretoria in payments difficulties. When the pendulum of trust swung
the other way in the United States, the South Africans could not expect
any help from elsewhere. Central Bank chief de Kock experienced it in
person. For 12 days, he hurried through Western banking metropolises. In
New York and London, in Frankfurt, Zurich and Basel, the South African
looked for assistance for a debt rescheduling agreement. But the South
African was offered nothing more than "sympathy" (de Kock).

The Johannesburg trade paper BUSINESS DAY concluded that "the inter-
national financial markets have practically instituted sanctions against
South Africa which are much more serious than President Reagan's package
of boycotts.”

iil



Traditional Healers on Government Payroll
(THE CITIZEN, 9 Oct 85) .esseeececsevecceeveerersceceeeere

Minister Claims Nation Ideal Alternative for RSA Disinvestors
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Oct 85) ..

UGANDA

Rwenzururu Movement Threatens To Reestablish Kingdom
CFOCUS, 27 Aug 85) .ecececcceececcceccccrcetsesevereeaeere

North Korean Military Training Team Leaves
CFOCUS, 29 Aug 85) cecccecceccvcccvccvccecesevssveerecees

Loans Agreement With French Firm
(BOCUS, 27 Aug 85) coseeccereececessccesseeeeteeecreeeass

Printing Machinery From Soviet Union
CFOCUS, 27 Aug 85) weccecccccvceseccecccecrcrcveeceseeeeee

ZIMBABWE

ZANU (PF) Secretary: Trade With West Holds Up Socialist Dialog
(THE HERALD, 2 Oct 85) cecseecscccecceecccnceevceeceeevens

MP's Challenge ZAPU Arrest Statements
(THE HERALD, 21 Sep 85) .ececcceccccccccecececececvceeeces

Banana Criticizes Propaganda Campaign Against Nation
(THE HERALD, 24 Sep 85) .ececccsececccscecevececvcrcseeces
Mugabe Says Tough Measures Set Against Corrupt Civil Servants

(THE HERALD, 20 Sep 85) ..cccccecvcvccccccececececececeses

Minister Urges Church To Work for Poor
(THE HERALD, 25 Sep 85) .ecseccecccecesccvevccecseeseeeees

Pioneering Farm Co-Op Opened by Mugabe
(THE HERALD, 26 Sep 85) ..ccccssscececscececuceceecesevers

Hungary Offers Help to Nation's Farmers
(THE HERALD, 2 Oct 85) veseevecsecsvccsevevccseneveeeeuane

Victoria Falls Residents Cheer Hungarian Leader
(THE HERALD, 3 Oct 85) sescsecseseceesccecevcecececeseuees

Drive Under Way To Wipe Out Problems Facing Police
(THE HERALD, 23 Sep 85) seccccseersseveceecceevevccceseees

-f£-

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137


JPRS*SSA85+106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEWSMEN DENY PAYING RIOTERS, TWISTING FACTS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Oct 85 p 10

[Text] ; i cond

THE Foreign Corre- to serve their own ends would be taken against
spondents’ Association and even paid rioters < foreign journalists held
(FCA) of Southern to simulate sensational 0t to have reported ‘cor-
Africa has noted with scenes. . rectly’ on the unrest situa-
deep concern reports 4 tion. :

of allegations by the Statement by the “The FCA intends tak-

oa FCA yesterday said: j, -
Minister of Law and & . ing up these reported re-
These allegations marks with the Minister.

Order, Mr Louis le according to the SAPA i
Grange, that foreign and SABC account of vie menoject wench
television crews, in* what the Minister said, unsubstantiated —_allega-
their coverage of un- © were also coupled with a tions, which appear to be
. Test, have twisted facts general threat that action part of a mounting Gov-
ernment campaign of
threat towards the foreign
press in South Africa. If
the Minister has proof, he
should make it public.

' !. “The past month has
: seen. the expulsion of a
foreign journalist, verbal
aitacks on individuals and
their publications, police
and army harassmgyt of
television crews att pho-
tographers, .and an accu-
sation that some foreign
journalist have indulged
: in ‘organised lying’. We
, ean only view such actions
and statements as at-
tempts to intimidate for-
eign journalists.” —

Sana

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88


JPRS¥SSA“85~106
31 October 1985

MOZAMBIQUE

MNR HEADQUARTERS NOW REFUGEE CAMP
Harare THE HERALD in English 20 Sep 85 pp 1, 9

[Text] The former headquarters of the MNR bandits at Casa Banana in the
foothills of the Gorongoza mountains has been turned into a refugee camp
for the homeless, thousands who for years had been forced to work for the
bandits.

Two such camps exist within a few kilometres of each other. Both are
now accessible by road and the Frelimo government of President Samora
Machel has started sending food and medical supplies.

The food was supposed to start being distributed on Tuesday this week.

But there is very little of it. The number of refugees has been swelling
daily.

Most had stayed away after the Zimbabwe and Mozambican forces liberated
the areas for fears that they might be punished for having lived under the
MNR.

The Herald was told by a number of people that they had been told by
fleeing bandits that those that had sought help from the soldiers had
been killed or had their hands hacked off.

Aerial supplies must have been massive. Thousands of people wore the
green parachute material which they got from the MNR in exchange for food,
poultry and animals.

A Zimbabwean paratrooper told The Herald that one of the parachutes they
found intact was the 64-foot cargo chute used to drop heavy equipment
from cargo planes with rear doors such as the Hercules C-130, the C-160
or Buffaloes, all of which are used by South African forces.

The landings at the MNR airfield, Fabrica, which the South Africans
yesterday admitted to have built for the bandits, must have been done in
the twin-engined Buffaloes which are heavy carriers but can use short
runways for landing and taking off the para said,

33



JPRS*SSA*85+106
31 October 1985

NORTH KOREAN MILITARY TRAINING TEAM LEAVES
Kampala FOCUS in English 29 Aug 85 pp 1, 3, 4

[Text] More than 1000 members of the North Korean Military team that Obote's
regime had brought to train the army and the special force as well as certain
private UPC commandos have left for home after the cooperation agreement
between Uganda and this Asian country has been cancelled on the initiative
of the new Uganda government.

Informed diplomatic sources have disclosed that the team which had been
strongly resented by public opinion in Uganda has been phasing out in groups.
The first group which has already left was made up of 194 men while the other
due to leave consists of 200 men. Since the July 27th coup, very few of the
North Koreans have been seen in public, although according to our research
desk, reports that about 150 of them had been placed under arrest were incor-
rect.

The North Korean Team has been in Uganda for the most part of Obote's regime.
In addition to the security men they also trained UPC youthwingers in methods
of political torture and general harassment. Ugandans were opposed to the
North Korean .[portion omitted] here was basically to train our army and special
police force in tactics of human rights violations. Theirs was a mission of
indoctrination into the training in all forms of human torture and indiscipline.
The atrocities committed by our armed forces during the Obote regime were
largely blamed on the North Koreans programme in Uganda. Their exist was re-
acted to by Ugandans with a sigh of relief and hope that fanaticism of ideo-
logy would no longer dictate our local politics in future.

In 1981, the Obote regime concluded amilitary technical assistance pace with
Pyongyang.

Under the agreement, Uganda purchased a host of weaponry from North Korea and
later the same year an initial team of 100 military personnel came to Kampala.
Another batch of North Korean Army personnel arrived in Uganda between 1983
and 1984 and it consisted of a number of highly specialised gunners, booty-
trap specialists and other balistics brains, and a few more anti-insurgency
operatives.

A foreign news paper recently reported about the boasts "occasionally over-
heard from the North Koreans themselves that the Ugandan authorities were

120


JPRS*SSA*85~106
31 October 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ALAN PATON OFFERS VIEWS ON GROWING DESPAIR

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 22 Sep 85 p 29

[Text]

f
.What have we white people done? Have we

really created a generation of black and
coloured children who actually hate us?
Whose idea of living is to burn, stone and
kill? Who don’t at this time see anything else
to live for? Have we really done that?

HAVE been think-

[ ing a great deal over
the writing of this

article, and the domi-

nant words in m
come out of the
Proverbs.

mind |;
ook of |

Iremember them from my
very young days, but it is un- ©

likely that I understood them :

fully. The proverb is: Hope
deferred makes the heart
sick. :
I don’t think there is one per-
son among my friends and ac-
quaintances who does not know
what these words mean.

We still hope against hope that
our country will emerge from
the darkness through which we

are now living. That is the genius -

of Janguage — to produce a

hrase like “hoping against
ope”.

That is what most of us are
doing now. Except, of course,
those who have abandoned hope.

What have we white people
done? Have we really created a
generation of black and coloured
children who actually hate us?

Whose idea of living is to burn,
.stone and kill? Who don’t at this
time see anything else to live

.i' for? Have we really done that?

Ls week I attended the
Reconciliation Initiative in
Maritzburg.

I was told by a young white
man from the Cape who does
some kind of youth work that he
had met young coloured children

‘ who actually wanted to die.

When they were asked wh:

, they stoned and burnt and killed,

one of them said: “Because we
want to be killed, that’s why.”
This was a girl, not a boy, and
she was 12 years old. It is bad
enough when we consider what
we have done, but it is worse
when we ask ourselves if it can
be undone.’ And if you think it
cannot be undone, you fall into
despair.
* T myself am not inclined to
despair, but I have certainly ex-

* perienced moods of melancholy

during these past few months.

I must relate a sad stor
myself. At half-past six in the
morning my wife pets up to open
the house, and at a quarter to
seven she brings me the morning
paper.

95

abut '

On the morning of June 24
great headlines tell me that 325
people have died. Where did they
die? In the Cape, or Port Eliza-
beth or Soweto?

I force myself to read on and
learn that they died when their

lane crashed into the sea off
reland. My emotion is one of

" relief that this tragedy happened

in some other country.

What has our great fear been,
a fear by no means confined to
white people?

0.. great fear has been that
our country may become ungov-
ernable. This word “ungovern-
able” has come to convey more
fear than “violence” or “stoning”
or “burning”. What happens
when the controls of society col-
lapse?

here is no sign of collapse in
the quiet village of Botha’s Hill.

1 go into our main street and it
is full of people the majority of
whom are black. They are going
about their business, shopping
and posting letters and talking
and laughing.

Lhave lived here for 17 years,
and many of the black people
call me “Mkhulu”, which means
“Grandfather”.

Overhead every hour or so are
the planes that fly regularly be-
tween Durban and Johannes-
burg. Everything seems peaceful



The massive hydroelectric dam, which should supply up to 10 percent of
neighbouring South Africa's power needs, has repeatedly been sabotaged
by the Mozambique National Resistance (Renamo) fighting to topple Mr
Machel's Marxist government.

Bandits

Mr Machel said Renamo's attacks on the country's infrastructure showed it
was nothing more than a group of armed bandits that could not be described
as a genuine opposition movement such as Mr Jonas Savimbi's National. Union
for the total independence of Angola (Unita).

Mr Machel said his Frelimo movement had taken care not to destroy assets
vital to rebuilding the country when it had been fighting Portuguese
colonial rule.--Sapa-AP

cso: 3400/95

36