UGANDA

NRM OFFICIAL CALLS FOR CHANGES IN SHARIA LAW
Kampala FOCUS in English 3 Oct 86 pp 1, 12
[Article by Ramullah Namagembe]

[Text] Muslim men have been strongly urged to make changes in the "Sharia"
law which has been described as the major means of undermining women contrib-
uting to their backwardness both on the religious side and Economic Develop—
ment in our country.

Addressing the Muslim Women during the seminar organised by the Uganda Muslim
Womens Association (UMWA), the NRM National Secretary on women's affairs

Mrs Jannet Mukwaya emphasized the need for Western Education, adding that
there is no reason why girls should not go to school,

She also warned Muslim men about discouraging Western Education. Mrs Mukwaya
pointed out that lack of proper organisation has led the Muslim community
to be used as a stepping stone.

Mrs Mukwaya stressed that security and unity is one of the responsibilities
of a woman because they plan an important role in Planning, Education Health
in a home.

The women leader further urged fellow women in general to fight prostitution
and involve such women in better respectable income generating activities to
develop our Nation.

She also reminded mothers of the Nation the importance of our culture which
is fast deteriorating. "It's now time to bring up our children in our
cultural manner for a health and disciplined Nation," she said.

Earlier on, the political "Cadre" in the office of NRM National Secretariat
Women's Affairs, Mrs Marim Kayongo had pointed out to the Muslim men in
particular that women are not slaves and that all women are the same that
no one is perfect therefore no need of marrying many women in search for
better ones,

She encouraged women to increase food production for a health Nation and
warned the more the wives, the more the problems in a home.

/9317
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56


MOZAMBIQUE

MOZAMBICAN DEBT CONSOLIDATION PLANNED THROUGH LOAN
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Sep 86 p 3

[Text] Maputo will pay a part of its trade debt to Portugal by means of a
loan of $170 million (almost 25 million contos). The loan agreement was
signed in Lisbon by the secretary of state for the treasury and the governor
of the Central Bank of Mozambique.

“The granting of this loan, guaranteed by the Portuguese state, was the
absolutely indispensable condition for normalizing economic and financial
relations between the two countries,“ the secretary of state for the treasury
emphasized. He also added that this normalization “still depends on other
bilateral negotiations in progress."

The matters at issue, according to that government official, are “the granting
of guarantees for new operations; regularization of the situation of the
Portuguese enterprises in Mozambique, with emphasis on the cases of the TAP
and Marconi; the problem of local mobilization of Portuguese state deposits in
Mozambique; negotiation of the ownership situation of the Rovuma and SONEFE
hydroelectrical facilities; and also resolution of the pensions issue, which
has been dragging on for years, with particularly serious social
cousequences.”

Carvalho Fernandes asked for the initiation of negotiations and special
concern on the part of the authorities in Maputo for all of these issues,
while at the same time indicating that the government in Lisbon is absolutely
ready for any discussion which will make it possible to find feasible
solutions of practical utility.

Carvalho Fernandes added that the Lisbon government would greatly appreciate
it if the Mozambican authorities would agree to a joint effort with a view to
ensuring the allocation of bids on projects to Portuguese enterprises, with
international financing. Some of these enterprises have, “despite all
vicissitudes, given singular evidence of @reat loyalty to the cause of
development in Mozambique."

The speaker further stressed the relations of friendship and cooperation which

link the two countries, stressing in this latter connection the importance
resulting. “basically from the Cabora Bassa project, the treasury~to-treasury

22


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enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
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Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Oct 86 p 7

[Text]

19317
CSO: 3400/247

Guruve Road Construction Priority

THE construction of.
roads in Guruve is a
priority and at least
340000 was spent in
building and upgrading
existing ones last year,
the area’s district ad-
ministrator, Cde Web-
ster Mutiti, saiq yester-
day. ° \
~ Cde Mutiti told The:
Herald that the roads,
which were being built.
by the District Develop-:
ment. Fund, were  con-
stantly . maintained to
keep them safe for mo-
torists passing through
Guruve. A

“In July, we finished’
the Guruve-Kachuta road!
which stretches for 56 km.
and the. Semeneka-Cha-
kaodza road covering 10
km. These roads are of
great importance since
they offer services to Gu-.
ruve farmers, who .are:
the majority in this

area.” ‘

65

Last year-$7098 wasj
allocated for building!
clinics, ,§50000 for the!
Guruve District Council)
offices and $514000 for
schools,

Despite the continuing
education programme, the
council is short of quali-.
fled teachers. .

“At least 60: percent of
our teachers are untrain-

for teachers, It appears
that being in the bush,
trained teachers - shy
away from posting them-|
selves in Guruve,’” Cde’
Mutiti said. :
He said the Ministry cf
Education was aware of
the situation and hoped
things would improve.
Cde Mutiti said al-
thougl the schools were
\mostly manned by un-
trained teachers, the O
level pass rate last year
was good. Three pupils
passed with distinctions,



overloaded with NP members.

If this happens to Houses of Parlia-
ment, what hope have the councils?

Mavuso concedes that he has no preten-
sions to a political constituency or a man-
date from the people. He says his appoint-
ment is not political . . .

“I was not chosen because of any con-
sideration of whether | had a constituency
or mandate. A start had to be made to
solve the political logjam in the country.
And PW simply said please help me
along.

“Laying down conditions, saying this
and that must happen before we attempt
to resolve the impasse would not help. It
will not get us anywhere.”

That is the Mavuso rationale — one
maintained in the face of strong Inkatha
“advice” to members not to participate.

For defiance, Mavuso was removed
from the organisation's highest policy-
making body, the central committee, but
not expelled from the movement itself.

He points out that even in Western
democracies, some Cabinet posts are filled
by people who were not the choice of the
electorate but appointees of the party
leader. Owen Horwood, ex-Minister of Fi-
nance, was another example.

His theory is that, given prevailing cir-
cumstances, life must go on and some-
thing must be done. He cited the example
of British women before they got the vote.

“Something had to be done. They sim-
ply could not fold their arms. They did all

sorts of things and were eventually enfran-
chised.”

“This line of thinking recalled that of
those who participate in homeland politics
and the community councils.

He took up another theme commonly
used by those taking part in government-
created institutions. He says blacks have
not exhausted all the channels. He even
took a subtle swipe at those in Inkatha
who condemned his participation.

He says the Kwa Natal Indaba is one of
the numerous strategies being employed,
or so Say its participants, to bring political

/12828

CSO:

3400/175

76

stability and finally popular government
in the Republic (and those, he says, are
exactly his aims in participating in the
Council).

Mavuso is no political illiterate. He is
au fait with black resistance since the
early days and the launch of the ANC.
Again, I asked, how does someone like
him, who has seen the metamorphosis of
the ANC from a peaceful organisation to
one which has taken up arms, believe that
change can come through the Nats and
structures imposed without consultation?

Well, Mavuso says he believes that if
anyone is to bring about change, it is PW.
The awesome military power the govern-
ment wields and the total disunity in black
politics are the two decisive factors, he
says.

| asked if he has not fallen victim to the
classic Nat propaganda ploy that because
of their military superiority, they are
invincible? Put another way, is his not a
defeatist attitude?

It was a yes-and-no answer. His attitude
was that of pragmatism, he said. You can
draw your own conclusions and come up
with your own interpretation of “pragma-
tism”.

Mavuso is politically sophisticated. Per-
haps sophisticates sometimes err on the
side of cynicism, or pragmatism. What-
ever the cause of the error, one thing is
certain in my mind — and that is that
Mavuso has not only made an error, but a
big one. Oo


FRG ANNOUNCES 1987 AID PACKAGE, PROJECTS

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 2 Oct 86 pp 5, 7

[Text]

RECENTLY a delega-
tion was in Bonn, Fede+
ral. Republic of Ger-
many to conduct this
year’s annual negotia-
tions: with the German
Government on Bilate-
ral Economic Co-
operation. _

‘The-overall package of
financial and technical as-
sistance pledged by the
German Government for
1987 was DM 71.95 million
(about US $35 million).

Out of this DM’ 17.65.
million, was in.the form of,
non-repayable assistance
or grants, while the rest
yas mainly made up of
long term loans repay:
over 50 years, with 10 years
grace, and.0.75% interest.

Of the total aid commit-
ment of DM 71.95 million,
DM 46.6 million is made up
of new commitments while
the balance was made up
of reprogrammed existing
loans.

The aid package wil!
help finance on-going pro-
jects' as. well as new ones.

‘he most important. on-
going Projects: to. be fi-
nanced include the Volta

Lake Transport System
and the Cape Coast

Takoradi-Sekondi Wat-
er Supply Project.

“The Volta Lake Tran-
sport System is an inland.
waterway transport sy-
stem being developed on
the Volta Lake.:-

‘This project consists of
the construction of port
facilities in Akosombo. (the
south) and at Buipe in the

North; together with the
provision of large cargo
carrying barges to be

for the transportation by
lake of freight and pas-
sengers.

Following successful ne-
otiation with the West
German Government in
1984 a soft toan was ob-
tained as part of their fi-
nancial co-operation with
Ghana'for DM 95 million.
The scope of worl
covered. by this assistance
was for the following shore
facilities: Akosombo and
Buipe Ports and floating
facilities of one pusher tug;
dry cargo barges capable
of carrying 750 tons each.
A fuel barge capable of
transporting 200,000 gal-
fons of dieset fuel and
communication eq
ment, navigational equip-
ment aids, cargo ling

and engineering services.

In 1985 discussions were
held with KFW of West
Germany and the World
Bank, to increase the'ca-
pal ity of tl system in
order to handle and tran-
sport by the lake, all the
fuel Zequirements of Nort-
hern Ghana.

viens additional capabi-
ry required expansion
of shore: facil fuel
‘storage ‘facilities’ at Ako-
sombo and Buipe and the
provision of additional
oating equipment for
ing the fuel.

transporting
"This additional capabi-
lity required the following:
one pusher tug; one fuel
barge for kerosine, petrol

12

and diesel: fuel and jetty
facilities for loading the

barges.

‘These facilities are esti-
mated to cost DM 16 mil-
lion.

The West German.Go-
vernment has agreed to
provide this additional fi-
nance in order to provide
these new fuel. handling
facilities... .

The .World: ‘Bank
through an IDA loan is
expected to finance the
shore facilities (the storage
tanks), negotiations for
this are planned to start in
November'this year,

With this additional as-
sistance the total invest-
ment made by West Ger-
many. (through KFW).in
the'Volta Lake Transport
Project is equivalent to al-

-most DM 116 million.

With the expected com-
pletion of the entire pro-
ject in 1988, major dry
‘cargoes equivalent to 3000.
tons may be transported in
both directions every week
from the. south to the
north, cheaply and reliably
and conse uently provide
enormous benefits to the
overall transportation in-
frastructure of Ghana.

Furthermore all the fuel
requirements of Northern
Ghana will be safely and
reliably transported by the
lake and thereby serve the
total requirements of
Northern Ghana. .

The considerable sav-
ings to fuel tankets that

normally, travel from:
‘Tema to Bolgatanga is an



SOUTH AFRICA

HEUNIS EXPLAINS REASONS FOR ABOLISHING TOWNSHIP
MB171337 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1242 GMT 17 Oct 86

[Excerpts] Pretoria, Oct 16, SAPA--The black township near Brits, Oukasie,

was being officially abolished today because of its poor hygienic conditions
and astronomic costs. involved in upgrading it to a decent standard, the minister
of constitutional development and planning, Mr Chris Heunis, said today.

A notice of the abolition appeared in today's government -gazette and in a
statement in Pretoria Mr Heunis said negotiations had been conducted over the
past few years with the former community council on the voluntary settlement
of the residents in the SA Development. Trust town of Lethlabile, where property
rights were available on sites and houses.

So far, 1,505 families, including all community council members, had moved
voluntarily to Lethlabile, while about 1,400 families were still living in
Oukasie.

"In order to assist these people iu moving to the better conditions offered
by Lethlabile without delay, I have decided that the black town at Brits is
to be abolished (today)," the minister said.

Mr Heunis said the abolition of the town would "put an end. to.the problems
encountered with repayments made to house owners for improvements to their
homes.

"Residents will be able to use these repayments ‘to build houses on serviced
sites in Lethlabile forthwith."

The sites would be made available on request, and residents would be allowed
to take any material that could bé used in building a house.

Those moving would be transported, with their possessions "absolutely free.

"They can also apply for housing loans of up to R5,000 to assist them
financially with building a house in Lethlabile."

71



MOZAMBIQUE

PARTY SECRETARY DISCUSSES MOSSURIZE HARVEST SUCCESSES
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Sep 86 p 3

[Text] The 1985-86 agricultural campaign is considered the one with the largest
and best productive output in Mossurize, compared with those of the last 2
agrarian calendar years, particularly with regard to the leading grains produced
there, corn and sorghum, according to a statement made by Joao da Costa Chave,
the party's secretary for economy in that district of Manica Province, who was
recently queried by the newspaper NOTICIAS.

\ -
By way of comparison, during the 1984-85 harvest season, only 50 tons of grain,
green vegetables, and tubers were marketed in the entire district; while in
1985-86, to date, nearly 100 tons of various products, particularly the grains
already cited, have been purchased from the peasant population. However, it is
expected that this figure will be exceeded during October, when the campaign
to market surpluses ends.

According to the account given by the subject of the interview, the high produc~
tion indexes accrued are due to the fact that assistance has been rendered to
producers. ‘The state sector is non-existent in Mossurize.

Joao Chaves explains: "At the very start of the agricultural season, the produ-
cers benefited from a large amount of assistance, both in the form of seed and
work tools, provided by UNICEF, the Red Cross, and the Department to Prevent
and Combat Natural Disasters, the latter in cooperation with the first-named
institution."

The Mossurize party and government agencies increased their aggressiveness in
the area, resulting in an expansion of their radius of activity, pushing the
bandits far away, and the resultant occupation and distribution of fertile land
devastated by the bandits up until then, for agricultural activity.

View Toward Food Self-Sufficiency
The attention is now turned toward more expanded and diversified production, in
order to make the district stable from a food standpoint, particularly for

the growing of corn, a staple grain for food.

The source claimed that, galvanized by the 1985-86 results, the district is
extending its line toward production of cotton, beans, and peanuts, as well as

29



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY URGES COMPROMISE IN ANGOLA AND MOZAMBIQUE
MB150719 Johannesburg International Service in English 0500 GMT 15 Oct 86
[Station commentary: "Conflict and Negotiation in Southern Africa"]

[Text] From the latest reports, it is clear that the political violence in
Angola and Mozambique is growing steadily worse. After years of conflict that
has divided virtually the entire population of each country in a military con-
frontation aggravated by foreign intervention, there are still no signs of any
breakthrough towards reestablishing peace. Thousands are still dying violent
deaths, tens of thousands have become homeless refugees, and hundreds of
thousands are starving.

Mozambique and Angola are being destroyed because of their internal political
disputes. They are not the only countries in southern Africa that have suf-
fered for this reason, but the suffering there has been and still is far worse
than anywhere else. In each of these countries the groups that are at war--
the MPLA and UNITA in Angola and Frelimo and the MNR in Mozambique--seem to be
more or less equal in strength. Neither side is able to defeat the other and
rule the country effectively and peacefully. The fighting can achieve nothing,
but much more death and destruction and yet it continues.

In the end southern Africa will have to face up to the fact that there can be
only one solution to such a situation. It can be solved only the opposing
parties realize that they will have to come together and negotiate over their
disagreements and be prepared to compromise with one another. It is time to
give negotiation and peaceful coexistence a chance.

17358
cso: 3400/222

100


HIEMSTRA FACES POSSIBLE CHARGES OF NONCOMPLIANCE

28 October Court Date

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Oct 86 pp 12, 13, 14

[Text]

On Tuesday, October 28, the National Party, and others, will go to the High Court in Windhoek (see opposite

page) with an application which, if granted; will undo the work of the so-called Constitutional Council. One of

_ the major affidavits to be handed in, was compiled and signed by Windhoek’s former town clerk, Mr Attie Ar-
nold, and reproduced in abbreviated form today. .

It is clear from what Mr Arnold had to say that

Arnold described the judge as being
governing the Constitutional Council.
He hammered the point that the judge,

- ment for the country.

The case is one of a series in the in-fights of a government system which is a mockery to a country, an em- |
barrassment - and a costly one at that. . i

Mr Augustus Conrad (At-
tie) Arnold, Windhoek’s
former town clerk and

tly a member of the
Constitutional Council, ‘filed
a long affidavit in which he
said that after the establish-
ment of a government for
South West Africa in terms
of Proclamation R 101, the
Act on the Constitutional
Council was passed by the
National Assembly, signed by
the Administrator-General
on September 23 last year,
and promulgated a week
later.

On December 1, 1985, Mr
Justice Vic Hiemstra was ap-
pointed chairman of the Con-
stitutional Council, and the
first session of that body took
place on January 13 this year.

|

Mr Arnold said the govern-
ment system contained in
Proclamation R 101 had its
origin in an agreement
entered into at Cape Town
between the Multi-Party,
Conference. in South West
Africa, referred to in the
papers as the MPC, and the
South African government.
Against the background of
this Cape agreement, the Na-
tional Assembly placed on
the law book the Act on the
Constitutional Council.

He said the objectives of
the Constitutional Council
were vested in Article 3 of the
Act on the Constitutional
Council. It had to take into
account the objectives of the
people of this country in
achieving independence,

36

he, and others on the. Constitutional Council, held in contempt.

certain actions of Mr Justice Hiemstra, the chairman of the Constitutional Council. At stages in his affidavit, Mr
arbitrary and seemingly unmindful of the laid down provisions of the Act

with the Constitutional Council, must first investigate the existing
political and constitutional. dispensation before thinking, devising or discussing new possible forms of govern-

peace, liberty, reconciliation
and national unity, as well as
stability and progress. At the
same time, it had to take into
account the diversity in
culture, languages and
creeds, as well as ways of life,
traditions and customs. On
this basis, Mr Arnold said, a
basis had to be arrived at on
which could be placed an in-
dependent and sovereign
state.

He pointed out in his af-
fidavit that the Constitu- i
tional Council, in order to
achieve its objectives, must
investigate the existing
political dispensation in
South West Africa with a
view to making recommenda-
tions to the Cabinet of the
Transitional Government in


UGANDA

BRIEFS

IDB AID DESCRIBED--The Islamic Development Bank is to assist Uganda to
rehabilitate her cement factories at Tororo.and Hima while the Islamic
Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Commodity Exchange is to assist Ugandan
businessmen to develop Agro-based Industries like livestock, fishing,
fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, electronics and chemicals through the Uganda
National Chamber of Commerce and Industry (UNCCI). This was revealed by
the Kampala district branch chairman of the Uganda National Chamber of
Commerce and Industry Mr B.Y.K. Bunkeddeko. Mr Bunkeddeko, who has just
returned from Istanbul, Turkey, where he led a two man delegation to a three
day 6th general Assembly of the Islamic Chamber of Commerce, Industry and
Commodity Exchange, told FOCUS that Uganda, which is one of the members of
the Islamic Organization Conference (I0C), has already presented her feasi-
bility studies and all what is left now is to receive the financial assist-
ance for the development of the projects. He said that some member states
like Pakistan and Bangladesh have already received the assistance. Mr
Bunkeddeko requested interested Ugandan businessmen to approach the chamber
so that it can assess how best to assist them adding that assistance will
be 6ffered only the above named projects. [Kampala FOCUS in English

3 Oct 86 pp 1, 6] /9317

CSO: 3400/218

61



Governor Eduardo Arao said that, in the districts bordering Zambia, Zimbabwe,
and Malawi, the respective district Directorates of Agriculture must immediate-
ly start taking a census of the herds taken to those countries; because the
population moved with their possessions as a result of war and drought.

At the function, which took place last Saturday in the city.of Tete, Eduardo
Arao remarked that, "The seminar could enable us to make a qualitative leap;
but we must do more than we are doing" with regard to the attention that
support for family and cooperative production requires.

In this connection, he deemed as positive the action cited at the seminar for
immediate fulfillment, noting that it "is only correct theoretically," subject
to the final judgment, "based on the numerical data on agricultural produc-
tion."

The seminar, attended by agricultural technicians, peasants, cooperative members
from Tete's green belt, and district directors of agriculture in the province,
took a group of decisions to make the mechanism for organizing the family and
cooperative sectors uniform,

Paulino Dambulene, the provincial director of the sector, explained to NOTICIAS:
"We have conceived a structure for organization of the family sector based on
the district of Angonia."

He said that the program for productive organization of peasant families, now
subject to, being made uniform, has been executed for 2 years throughout the
entire province.

The seminar lasted a week, and was guided by the provincial director of agricul-
ture. Its program was interspersed with discussions of different experiences
in organizing the family and cooperative sectors, and a practical demonstration
of certain operations in that process, specifically, the filling out of the
productive capacity control cards, consistent with the value of the production
factors and the incentives given to the peasants.

At the meeting, there was a consideration of the creation of a rural extension
department attached to the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture, as is occur-
ring on the district level. Subsequently, a cadre will be made responsible for
the area, with state apparat workers known as extensionists. These are techni-
cians who will have under their authority 10 organizers, according to Paulino
Dambulene. The organizers are peasants, and they organize up to 100 families;
depending on the propitious conditions of the area and the mobility at their
disposal.

According to the provincial director of agriculture, in response ‘to a question
asked by NOTICIAS, the extensionists will work either on the administrative
post scale, or that of the locality. He answered a question asked about the
correlation of this ranking scale with the country's new administrative divi-
sion.

32


ZIMBABWE

WATER SHORTAGE HAMPERS PROJECTS IN DANDE VALLEY

Local Chairman Comments
Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Oct 86 p 7

[Article by Wilson Dakwa]

[Text]

LACK of water in the Dande Valley, Guruve, has hampered. development
in the area although people have the will to start vegetable gardens, the
local chairman of the Village Development Committee at Mauhwe, Cde

Wairesi Butaiwo, said
recently. .
Cde Butaiwo told The

Herald that there were:

only three boreholes serv-
ing a population of at
least 7 000 people.

“Other domestic jobs
are brought to a stand-
still as women travel
several kilometres to
fetch water. There are no
streams here except for
one which only fills dur-
ing summer.”

For vegetables, people
have to travel 46km_ to
Guruve to buy large
quantities to last them
for several days.-Gardens
are not a common sight
in Dande and the only
ones are found directly
near the boreholes,

At ‘the local clinic,
patients have to drink
hot water from tanks.

“The situation at the
hospital needs urgent im-
provement, There is no
maternity ward and as a
result, women are opting
for traditional methods of
delivering their bables in
the villsges which some-
times proves to be dang-
erous,” Cde Butaiwo said,

He said there were only
three nurses at the clinic:
and they were not trained '
to deliver babies, “Preg-
nant women have to wait ;
for buses to ferry them
to Guruve where there is
a. hospital. By the time :
the buses arrive, some of!
them will be in great
pain.” .

The chairman said the
clinic had no medicine for
illnesses such as malaria

people were being
told to drink water with
salt or travel to Guruve
for treatment.

He said there were no
cattle in the area due to
tsetse files and farmers
“have contributed money:
and sent it to the District
Development Fund for the
hire of tractors to till
their land”,

“Farming is the only
alternative that can help
us earn money to feed
our children and educate
them. Once the. rains
start, we hope to start
ploughing for the next
seogon,” Cde — Butaiwo

The other. major prob-
Jem appears to be trans-
port. There are only a
small number of buses
massing througn Vande

64

And people wishing’to tra-
vel to Guruve or Mvurwi.
spend days before finally’
eatching a bus, he said.

“A major problem is
with transporting’ our
maize grain to the grind-
ing-meal for mealie-
meal,” he said,

‘Transporters charge
us 40 cents a bucket to
load our grain on to a bus,
To reach’ the grinding-
meal, one has to pay $1
and then another 65
centg to have the grain
grinded. This is very ex-
pensive especially for the
communal folk who have
to sacrifice every cent of
their hard-earned _in-
come,” Cde Butaiwo said.

The Guruve district ad-
ministrator, Cde Webster
Mutiti said the Dande Val-
dey was neglected for a
long time by the Smith
regime,

“The District De-
velopment Fund is build-
ing a network of roads
but the trouble is there is
no gravel, Workers have
to travel many kilometres
to obtain gravel and this
proves costly.”

Cde Mutiti said’ Dande
needed to be developed
because the game safari
in the area was a tourist
attraction.


SOUTH AFRICA

STELLENBOSCH STUDENTS DIVIDED OVER BLACK RULE
MB150927 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0855 GMT 15 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town, 15 Oct, SAPA--Maties [University of Stellenbosch students]
are sharply divided over the prospect of a predominantly black government for
South Africa, a Human Sciences Research Council [HSRC] survey has shown.

Of the more than 600 students questioned, 42 percent of the respondents said
they would accept a predominantly black government if the rights and security
of whites were to be protected, but another 37 percent differed.

Forty percent said a predominantly black government in South Africa was inevi-
table, while 53 percent said such a government would not be a good government.

According to a senior political science lecturer at Stellenbosch, Mr Jannie
Gagiano, who conducted the HSRC survey, the "repression potential" of students
was "very high."

Forty-eight percent said the courts should punish people who take part in boy-
cotts, and'47 percent supported the detention of people who take part in pro-
test marches.

The breaking up of peaceful protests by police was supported by 33 percent of
the respondents, while 69 percent indicated support for the use of violence by
police against protesters who were damaging private property.

Seventy-one percent would support police if they shot at stone and bottle
throwers.

The 64 percent of respondents who supported the government were also sympathe-
tic towards the SABC.

17358
CSO: 3400/222

101



An Arbitrary Judge

Mr Arnold said that: Mr Justice Hiemstra was acting in an arbitrary fashion
and he accused the judge of a dominating attitude and of taking decisions
on behalf of the Constitutional Council. :

In one of Mr Arnold’s more:
alarming statements, he said
that Mr Justice-Hiemstra had}
abused his position as chair- |
man of the Constitutional
Council by promoting his
own political views in respect.
of minority rights and
ethnicity. This he did to the
point and withthe objective
of persuading the Constitu-
tional Council to accept his‘
point of view. He accused the
judge of not being impartial .
but of coming to the Con-'
stitutional Council with a/
premeditated idea on what!
the form of government,
should be, favouring a union
with proportionate represen-
tation, and using the Con-

“He furthermore accused
the judge of not limiting
himself to his functions as a
chairman, but of acting as the;
supervisory figure who was
attempting to force his own
views on the Constitutional
Council.

Mr Arnold even charged
that Mr Justice Hiemstra was}
intolerant towards members
of the Constitutional Coun-
cil, who did not share his
point of view. He referred to
page 410 of the minutes of
the Constitutional Council
where at one stage a member
of the Constitutional Council
remarked: [f I cannot talk, I
will walk out, and then you:

stitutional Council to pro-

‘ i must decide my future. |
mote this objective of his. | 1y fu

Mr Arnold said in summarising his approach to the proceedings in the
Constitutional Council that Mr Justice Hiemstra acted as a steamroller,
first in respect of the status of the future president of the country,
then forgetting about the president and becoming preoccupied with whether
the country should have a union or a federation. In support of his con—
tention that Mr Justice Hiemstra acted in an arbitrary manner Mr Arnold
said that the judge simply disposed of matters by saying that the Bill of
Fundamental Human Rights provided ample protection for minority rights,
therefore it was lo longer necessary to give attention to this matter.
The judge decided on what experts to advise to address the Constitutional
Council and he forced his views on the Constitutional Council by urging a
union and proportionate representation.

Finally Mr Arnold said that the form of government proposed by Mr Justice
Hiemstra and which he, through improper influencing had pushed through the
Constitutional Council, was in conflict with the provisions of the Act

on the Constitutional Council and with the provisions contained in the
Bill of Fundamental Human Rights.

Mr Arnold said that the Cabinet of the Transitional Government passed a
resolution on September 16, 1986 to amend the Act on the Constitutional
Council. Inter ali, he said, it was envisaged to shorten the period in
which a constitution must be submitted to the Cabinet. He had reason to
believe that the proposed amendment would soon be submitted to the National
Assembly, too. It was now envisaged that the constitution must be submitted

42


SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL DILEMMAS OF NATION'S COLORED COMMUNITY ANALYZED

Marshalltown OPTIMA in English Vol 34 No 3 Sep 86 pp 151-156

{Article by Conrad Sidego and Chris Heymans]

[Text]

IN NOVEMBER 1983 white South
African voters overwhelmingly
supported a new national
constitution which provided for
the political incorporation of two
other statutory-defined minority
groups into parliament. Many of
them did so in the belief that they
were supporting “a step in the
right direction” — thus
promoting democratization that
would signify the beginning of
the end to the politics of racial
domination.

The cycle

of violence which
erupted on the very day that that
constitution came into effect has
certainly tempered any such
optimism. But many South
African whites still seem to
believe that the government-
initiated reform process, of
which the tri-cameral system
forms an important institutional
focal point, represents a
fundamental shift towards a
fairer and more universally
acceptable political order.

84

It is, however, a measure of the
nation’s predicament that the
people who are supposed to have
benefited most from these
institutional changes have
responded with far less enthusiasm.

The election for the
“coloured” House of

Representatives, for instance,

was characterised foremost by
excessively low percentage polls

— as little as four per cent in

some constituencies. With a
mandate obtained from only 30,5
per cent of the voters, it was clear
that the new representatives
were faced with a not-too-far-
fetched questioning of their
representativeness. Whatever

role such factors as intimidation

or the lack of sophistication

among voters might have played,

it can hardly be disputed that the
elections showed that among the
“new voters” the officially-

steered reforms did not not — enjoy
— and do the kind of support

that the government might have
hoped for.


ANGOLA

ASSEMBLY OFFICIAL EXPLAINS PROCESS OF ELECTING REPRESENTATIVES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 8 Aug 86 p 3

[Text] ‘The Angolan people are engaged in yet another task of great importance
for the consolidation of their sovereignty and the strengthening of the
revolution. It is the process of renewing the mandates of the deputies to the
organs of people's government. The result of this process, moreover, depends
on the participation of the masses, and therefore assemblies, speeches and

consciousness-raising meetings of the people are scheduled throughout the
country.

The importance of this consciousness-raising campaign, the principles which
govern the election of the delegates to the electoral conferences and the
deputies to the Assembly of the People and the provincial assemblies was
discussed by First Secretary of the Assembly of the People Lucio Lara, a
member of the Central Committee of the MPLA-Labor Party, in an interview
granted to JORNAL DE ANGOLA and Angola National Radio.

[Question] What is the importance and significance of the meetings for
raising the consciousness and mobilizing the people for the process of
renewing the mandates of the deputies to the organs of popular government?

[Answer] We cannot fail to recall that 1980 was the year of the establishment
of the Assembly of the People, a goal which was achieved by the party within
the framework of its program and which also represented the realization of one
of the desires expressed by our late president, Agostinho Neto. And on the
other hand, we should recall that our Constitution, in Articles 2 and 3, not
only establishes that all the sovereignty lies with the Angolan people, but
also guarantees the people's masses broad participation in the exercise of
political power through the consolidation, expansion and development of the
organized people's government, in other words the Assembly of the People, the

provincial people°s assemblies and the other people's government organs which
will be established.

The exercise of this basic right to elect their representatives was won by our
people during the difficult national liberation struggle, and not only that,
but in the struggle to maintain independence, after it was won, against the
aggressive attacks of the imperialists, who never ceased to try to introduce a
neocolonialist regime into Angola. And it was in view of the fact that we



TOGO

Major FRG Development Aid for Infrastructure, Agriculture
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 4 Sep 86)

UGANDA

Musevini Informed of Rwenzururu Activities.
(NEW VISION, 3 Oct 86) .ccceeccececcccrccceevenceceevcccee

Spokesman Describes UDPM Activities, Contacts
(DAILY NATION, 29 Sap 86) ..cccevcccvvcccccvcccccvecscsecs

UAC Recovers Slowly From Debt
(Ben Ochan; NEW VISION, 3 Oct 86) .cecscecccccevcecceccers

Health Authorities Launch AIDS Control Program
(THE STAR, 1, 4 Oct 86) cceccccevcccecscceeesccesceceeeces

Campaign Follows Survey
Editorial Warns of Dangers

NRM Official Calls for Changes in Sharia Law
(Ramullah Namagembe; FOCUS, 3 Oct 86) ..scseveccscsccveces

NRA Ordered To Crack Down on Criminal Activity
(Paul Kyesitalo; THE TELECAST, 2 Oct 86) wr... .ccecececeeee

Government Receives Bill for Lodging of Libyans
(NEW VISION, 3 Oct 86) .secsscececcsccsececeveerevecseeecs

Briefs
IDB Aid Described

ZIMBABWE

Daily on Mugabe's Delight With U.S. Congress
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 4 Oct 86) .

Water Shortage Hampers Projects in Dande Valley
(THE HERALD, 9 Oct 86) ....+

Local Chairman Comments, by Wilson Dakwa
Guruve Road Construction Priority

Briefs
Cooperation Mission With East Bloc

49

51

52

53

54

54

55

56

57

59

61



decided, charged Mr Arnold, to act in an arbitrary fashion and to enforce
his points of view on the first respondent.

Mr Arnold said that after the adjournment of the first session, Mr Justice
Hiemstra sent a questionnaire to the members of the Constitutional Council
in which he asked them to give their views on whether the form of government
must be a union or a federation. They also had to answer whether the
president must be vested with executive or ceremonial powers. The question-
naire was accompanied by a brief summary by Mr Justice Hiemstra which
purported to indicate the difference between a federation and a union.

Mr Arnold handed in the documents as exhibits.

Early in March this year, the Constitutional Council started its second
session, with Mr Justice Hiemstra still the chairman. He informed the
meeting that he had asked an expert to address the meeting on proportionate
representation, because he was of the opinion that proportionate representa-
tion had already been approved in principle by the Constitutional Council.

At this stage, said Mr Arnold, it was clear that Mr Justice Hiemstra had
dropped the issue on the status of the future president as the more cardinal
matter, What was now of importance to him was whether South West Africa
must be composed of a union with provinces or a federation.

As representatives of the National Party, he and Mr Frans van Zyl argued
that an investigation must first be launched into the existing constitutional
dispensation before a decision was passed on the form of government of the
future,

Mr Arnold charged that Mr Justice Hiemstra had simply ignored the proposal
and asked the Constitutional Council to vote between a federal or a union
form of government for the future. After the vote was taken, Mr Justice
Hiemstra announced that with a majority of 11 out of the 16 votes cast,
the form of government must be a union with provinces.

When that vote was taken, Mr Arnold said there was absolutely no investiga-
tion as laid down by law into the existing and constitutional dispensation.
After the vote was taken, discussions centred around a press statement by
Mr Justice Hiemstra, which would contain an announcement on the demarcation
of provinces for South West Africa.

39



the businessmen, quiet for years while
profits were good. Now very agitato about
black rights.

The blacks should know how much they
are being ripped off by these same social
carers. Since the advent of the zany gent,
Mr P W Botha, Big Business’ share of tax
contribution to the central coffers has
been reduced from 35 percent to 15 per-
cent. The individual taxpayer (both black
and white) pays 32 percent today to the
coffers while only paying 15 percent 8
years ago. That Big Businnes and govern-
ment are hand in glove is plain to see. The
very liberals who appear to be helping the
under-privileged are actually creaming
away the profits on the backs of the indi-
vidual taxpayers.

Cynics have it that the liberal business-
men pushed for the removal of influx
control so they could sell more beans and
soap and radios to all those blacks flock-
ing to the cities.

Cynics would also argue that this sono-
rous orchestrated business voice calling
for “reform” occurs because most of them
are working for the four controlling gents
of the Stock Exchange,

My UDF acquaintances tell me they
despise the white liberal. And they despise
monopoly capitalism most of all. In that
we agree wholeheartedly.

Mr Mike Rosholt tells us we must
“share the wealth”. Whose wealth? Not
his, surely! If Big Business really wanted
to share the wealth, they should pay the
tax they evaded in 1984. According to the
Margo Commission, this amounted to well
over R10 billion. R4 billion of this would
have saved every person in South Africa
— black, brown and white — paying GST
for a year.

A lot of them are leaving South Africa,
these liberals,

This paradox was illustrated at a recent
ladies luncheon at a Johannesburg hotel.

19274
cso: 3400/171

70

The glitterati was there in full regalia
— not a thick thigh or crimp in sight.
Genteel accents talked of “educating
them” and “bringing them up to our stan-
dard”. Angst permeated the scented air as
the liberal ladies debated whether to stay
or leave their country.

When one Harald Pakendorf quite
correctly told them there would ultimately
be a black government under present
National Party policy, you could have
heard a pin drop.

I was asked to join a fairly select ladies
club. I chose to become a member
because | thought that my Third World
development education and experience
could contribute to the debate. But the
liberals had this club by the proverbial
shorts. Everyone talked about Operation
Hunger — no one talked about Operation
Feed Yourself or Operation Birth Control.
My suggestions along these lines were met
with studied silences or polite side-
stepping. | resigned, the first member in
history to do so.

Liberalism’s legacy is appalling, if not
criminal.

Jane Fonda’s pro-Viet Cong antics
helped to power one of the world’s most
brutal regimes. Rhodesia, Mozambique,
Iran, Nicaragua. The liberals really
worked hard to get so-called “repressive”
regimes out — and look whom they put in
place of them.

The liberal promise is a fraud. It
creates expectations which can never be
fulfilled. Blacks do not respect or under-
stand white liberalism.

It hasn't worked in Africa and if
allowed to permeate further into South
Africa’s media, universities and busin-
esses, we will all be sliding down the stip-
pery slope in the not too distant future.

Ask Rene Dumont, the original liberal
who really believed in this continent. His
liberal dreams are shattered. His saving
grace is that he is not afraid tosay so.



moral and political support for the (?banned) [word indistinct] organization
inside the country--the ANC. Of course, the ANC is sympathetic and understands
the problems that the frontline countries face, being themselves a product of a
colonial [word indistinct], a system of colonialism that neglected their eco-
nomic development and plundered (?the products of) their economic activities
{words indistinct] racist South Africa. So, the ANC understands the fact that
some of these countries literally depend economically on racist South Africa
and that there is a limit to what they can do for the ANC. This situation is
understood by the ANC, but the ANC appreciates the sort of help [words indis-
tinct] within the limitations of [words indistinct].

[Announcer] In conclusion, Comrade Chris Hani stresses that we have to inten-
sify the political and military struggle inside the country.

[Hani] The success of our current struggle depends on maximum political
mobilization inside the country. It depends on the skillful combination of
the legal and illegal forms of our struggle. It depends on the correct inter-
action or interconnection between our armed struggle and the mass united action
[words indistinct]. For our armed struggle to be successful, we have got to
strengthen our bases inside the country so that we should have the capacity,
within our own country, of delivering paralyzing and lethal blows against the
enemy. [Words indistinct] our main objective, in fact our existence inside
the country, our capacity to wage a concerted political and military struggle
amongst our own people and within our own country.

[Announcer] The threat issued by Magnus Malan last Tuesday has a direct bear-
ing on the Nkomati accord. When signing the accord, the racists hoped that it
was going to help them to liquidate the ANC, but now that our armed struggle
has proved to be (?strong) than such accords, the enemy sees no need of adher-
ing to them. That is why an attack against the PRM [People's Republic of
Mozambique] is now imminent. But how far, on the other hand, have the ANC and
Umkhonto adjusted to the Nkomati accord? This was a question we posed to Com-
rade Joe Solovo, the head of Umkhonto we Sizwe, national chairman of the South
African Communist Party and member of the National Executive Committee of the
ANC,

[Slovo] Speaking about this problem, in my mind I can see the men who put
their signatures [words indistinct] and the people who serve on the strategic
committees and planers: I can see them in my mind's eye, sitting around the
committee rooms, looking very puzzled and emptying their aspirin bottles, be-
cause they must have lots of headaches--and the cause of their headaches is
crystal-clear. (?0utside) the Nkomati Accord was described by them as signal-
ing the beginning of the end of the ANC and the beginning of the end of the
armed struggle in South Africa and the reality has proved otherwise. If any-
thing, the Nkomati Accord has proved beyond any shadow of doubt that the ANC-
led liberation front and its strategy, which includes revolutionary violence,
just cannot be eradicated (?either) by attacks, by agreements or other
(?similar) measures.

79



020100

JPRS-SSA-86-112
10 NOVEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DtIc QWarrry BSRerED 2

- t9ge0ets ‘et

\

[DISTRIBUTION STAT

Approved for public release;
Distribution Unlimited

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION. SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY |
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 |



SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE MINISTER REPORTS DEBT PAYMENTS SATISFACTORY
MBO70559 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 7 Oct 86

[Text] The Minister of Finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, has told newsmen in
London that representatives of major international banks he met with in
Washington last week were very satisfied with South Africa's foreign debt
repayments. The bankers were also positive about South Africa's financial
potential. Dr Du Plessis, who attended the annual meeting of the IMF in
Washington, said he had been under no political pressure from the bankers.
said there would be another important negotiating session with the banks
before June next year to determine the rate of further repayments. Mr Du
Plessis will travel to European capitals from London for talks with repre-
sentatives of creditor banks before flying back to South Africa.

/7051
cso: 3400/199

105

He



Famine

Threatens 100,000 in Magude District
(NOTICIAS, 17 Sep 86) .ccccecccsccccccccsccceccessescusces

Mozambican Debt Consolidation Planned Through Loan

Indian

(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 6 Sep 86) ccccccecccccvccccecsscceees

Navy Ship Visits Maputo
(NOTICIAS, 17 Sep 86): sssecsccecccssccevcscoeseescraecees

Gaza Governor Visits Chokwe District for Inspection

(NOTICIAS, 25 Sep 86) sececccecevccecsecsvseececcreesenees

EEG, Italy Study Cattle Raising Potential of Moamba

(Naftal Donaldo; NOTICIAS, 13 Sep 86) ..ccsecesssecescvees

Party Secretary Discusses Mossurize Harvest Successes

(NOTICIAS, 25 Sep 86) .erececccccececcccrscrcceccetececees

Seminar Discusses Support tor Private, Cooperative, Farming
Sectors

Briefs

NAMIBIA

(NOTICIAS, 20 Sep 86) ..cecccessccccccccvecccescrecesesere

Electoral Process Enters New Phase
Cattle Perish in Drought
Swedish Group Donates Research Boat
Italian Medicine Donation

Hiemstra Faces Possible Charges of Noncompliance

(THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 4 Oct 86) .scececccnccsccscescoess

28 October Court Date
Litigants, Defendants Listed
Judge Termed 'Arbitrary'

Government Urges Investigation Into Machel Death

NIGERIA

(PANA, 21 Oct 86) wescccccccccccecccecsceccecsceseenceoees

Products, Status of Trade With USSR Discussed

Abachi

Briefs

(SUNDAY HERALD, 28 Sep 86) .escecscccecsccecscceucscceeces

Discusses Armed Forces Retirement Benefits
(Chukwuemeka Okoro; THE STANDARD, 27 Sep 86) .....seeseeee

British Armed Forces Delegation
Airways Faces Fuel Shortage
Higher International Air Fares Approved

-b-

20

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24

25

27

29

31

34
34

35

36

36
40
41

44

45

47

48
48
48


SOUTH AFRICA

LOWVELD FARMERS SUPPORT BAN ON MOZAMBICAN WORKERS
MB131819 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 13 Oct 86

[Text] Farmers in the eastern Transvaal have indicated their support for the
government's decision to stop recruiting and employing Mozambican nationals.
This was evident at-an information meeting of the Departments of Manpower and
Foreign Affairs held with Agricultural representatives from the lowveld at
Nelspruit today.

The Director General of Manpower, Dr Piet du Plessis [name as heard], told the
meeting that the government's decision had been based on security considera~
tion and had nothing to do with the South African sanctions issue. He said
that the measures did not contravene any part of the Nkomati Accord. Dr Van
Der Merwe said that the issue was security in the first instance and that the
Mozambican government had been informed that South Africa was still prepared
to negotiate with that government in terms of the Nkomati Accord. He pointed
out to the meeting that no employment or recruitment of Mozambican nationals
was permitted with effect from 8 October. Farmers were advised not to waste
any time in registering Mozambicans in their employ, so that they could be
issued with the necessary documents should they qualify for them.

/7051
cso: 3400/199

106



MOZAMBIQUE

EEC, ITALY STUDY CATTLE RAISING POTENTIAL OF MOAMBA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 13 Sep 86 p 8

{Article by Naftal Donaldo: "Cattle Potential in Moamba Evaluated--Financing
Guaranteed for Farmers"]

[Text] The evaluation of the cattle raising potential of the Moamba district
in Maputo province is under way at this time based upon the thrust provided
by financing from the EEC and approved by the Italian Assistance Fund (IAF)
in a joint project which would make use of the Sable and Nkomati rivers.

The secretary of state for irrigation told our newspaper that the EEC is to
make available a "package" deal of hard currency for. investment in the
reconstruction of the irrigation system covering about 900 hectares;
electrification of the pumping stations near the high tension lines. between
Moamba and Ressano Garcia; repair and startup of already existing pumping
and irrigation equipment on 300 hectares; installation of irrigation
mechanisms in another already prepared area of 400 hectares; and improvement
of conditions for production on 10,000 hectares for subsistance farming

for 5,000 families.

According to an agricultural expert from our ministry.of agriculture, the EEC
provided the financing for the reorganization of the veterinary service for
the entire Moamba district; the repair and/or installation of feed and water
tanks; the organization of a pilot center for improved grazing (about 1500
hectares); the reconstruction and improvement of the local infrastructure
involving roads and fences; and the construction of houses, warehouses,
offices and other social supports.

We were also told that the EEC is considering a system of credit for the
farmers, the provision of agricultural equipment for a local construction
group, and the furnishing of seed, pesticides, and a variety of construction
materials.

In partnership with the EEC, the IAF approved the rehabilitation of the animal
study center and the milk processing plant at Sable, support for 10 dairy
farmers who want to return to milk production, improvement of grazing land
and construction of watering troughs, improvement of conditions for meat
production, the building of a pilot center for raising and distributing

diary goats throughout’ the region, and the formation of district extension
offices in Moamba.

27



The idea of a “coloured”
culture is as unacceptable as the
idea of being a separate nation.
They regard themselves as equal
South African citizens and as
such fought in wars, produced
educationists, academics,
authors, poets, opera singers,
dancers and sportsmen of
national and international
standard.

The statutory meaning of
“coloured” is, however, of
overriding significance in
contemporary South Africa. It is
this aspect of people’s
“coloured” status which
delineates their political rights
and social existence in great part
— and which has indeed also
resulted in numerous
uncomfortable situations, some
of which have actually taken on
biological dimensions. It has
formed the basis upon which the
use of public amenities has been
refused to people, including the
“white” sections of hospitals and
other medical facilities. In a
particularly bizarre case, a baby
that was found abandoned was
able to be subjected to various
“scientific” tests, including an
investigation of ‘‘the structure of
her hair”, to determine her racial
classification. What makes this
even more significant was that
the whole saga occurred at the
time when the constitutional
reforms to “accommodate” the
“coloureds” was enjoying top
priority on the government’s
political agenda.

A “coloured” is defined in
somewhat vague and negative
terms in South Africa’s
Population Registration Act as a
person who is neither white nor
black. Later amendments
classified Cape coloureds, Cape

86

Malays, Griquas, Indians,
Chinese, “other” Asians and
“other” coloureds all as
“coloureds”. Both physical
appearance and social
acceptance by a community are
also legally determinants of one’s
racial status. Despite several
amendments to the original Act
of 1950, in essence its provisions
have remained unaltered. The
Act classified people into racial
categories from which they could
only “escape” with the arbitrary
approval of officialdom.

It is against this genetic, social
and statutory background that
the “coloured” status of an
approximate three-million South
Africans becomes contentious.
Vast numbers of these people
have increasingly refused to
accept the “‘colour castes” that
have been imposed upon them.
This rejection of ‘‘colouredness”
is not a form of self-denial nor of
self-hate. What it is is a rejection
of a one-sidedly declared
segmentation of people by the
creators of a racial ideology who
believed that they were
protecting themselves against
domination — and who found no
other way to achieve that but
through discrimination against
others.

After years of discrimination,
based on these artificially
imposed racial categories, those
on the receiving end of racial
discrimination seem to have
developed an inherent resistance
to this kind of politics. For many
of those classified as
“coloureds”, their statutory
status embodies everything that
is negative. It symbolizes their
life as second-rate citizens. In a
social sense this meant
experiencing the kind of


pattern of using adjacent territories to (?hit) close to the border and to run
back to friendly territory. We have done this [words indistinct] struggle.
We have done this out of consideration for the newly-emergent states on the
border with South Africa and we have done it because we believe that the only
way in which our armed struggle will [words indistinct] it is from inside and
not from outside. And it is for those reasons, it is because of the way in
which we have worked, that the Nkomati Accords or any other similar agreements
have not and cannot knock out our struggle inside the country.

But, having said this, let me add [words indistinct] that these kinds of agree-
ments have not created any problems for us. Too, as I have said: We have no
camp in Mozambique, we've never had training in Mozambique, we've never been
given weapons by Mozambique. But what we did have, and this our president

made clear in a public statement, was a degree of access and transit, which,

of course, we know is now cut off. But despite this fact, as you can see from
the events which I have already described, the actual escalation of armed raids,
since Nkomati, we have in fact managed to adapt and, despite difficulties which
were created at a certain level by these kinds of agreements, we have actually
confidence that we will be able to pursue our political struggle with the ele-
ment of revolutionary violence it requires with greater intensity in the coming
days.

[Announcer] Those are members of the NEC [National Executive Council] of the
ANC. And with this we have now come to the end of this program, which came to
you from Radio Freedom, the voice of the ANC.

17358
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81



GHANA

COMMENTARY VIEWS ISSUE OF ALIENS, NEW ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS
AB141810 Accra Domestic Service in English 1300 GMT 14 Oct 86
[Kobina Koduah commentary]

[Text] The revolutionary government of the PNDC has an avowed cardinal objec-
tive of making Ghanaians masters of their own destiny politically, economical-—
ly, and socially. It.is in furtherance of this declared objective of the
government that an investment code has been enacted to ensure that the wealth of
the land benefit the people. This investment code is also known as PNDC Law
116, and exclusively reserves certain aspects of distributive trade for Ghana-
dans. Hawking, selling at the markets, selling in kiosks, stalls, and so on,
are among other aspects of distributive trade in which foreigners are pro~
hibited. Foreigners are, however, welcome in the productive sectors of the
economy that would accelerate the recovery of the national economy.

Laws, no matter the brilliance that go into their formulation, are only mean-
ingful if the provisions can be enforced. For this reason, regional monitor-
ing and implementation committees have been formed as the agencies to crystal—
lize the aspirations enshrined in Law 116.

From Koforidua came reports that after the regional team had apprehended the
aliens violating Law 116, the team realized, to its dismay, that most of the
suspected aliens had Ghanaian ‘passports, which legally conferred Ghanaian
citizenship on them. To the team, the law had been outwitted and defeated.
Under the circumstances, one recognizes that the mere. possession of a passport
is not adequate proof of one's true citizenship. Fortunatély enough. ‘the
PNDC member responsible for the interior, Brigadier Mensah-Wood, cleared the
air by revealing that concrete proof of citizenship must be provided by the
suspects.

To alleviate the workload of the monitoring and implementation committees,

they must liaise effectively with unit CDR's [Committees for the Defense of
the Revolution] at the communities since only the people within a community
can tell who is a bona fide citizen of the community or not. The monitoring
and implementation committees, in conjunction with the Interior Ministry and
the Office of the Political Counsellor for CDR'’s must coordinate policy to

ensure that unit community CDR's are made to collect and compile data on all



UGANDA

MUSEVINI INFORMED OF RWENZURURU ACTIVITIES
Kampala NEW VISION in English 3 Oct 86 p 3

[Excerpt] The Rwenzururu isolationist government has threatened non-Bakonjo
working in Kasese to leave the district with immediate effect.

Kasese District Administrator Joam Kabachelor conveyed this adverse warning
to President Yoweri Museveni last week in Kasese at the end of the President's
western Uganda tour.

The Rwenzururu leaders have also demanded that the pre-independence boundaries
be revived. This would involve the redrawing of the present Kasese-Kabarole
and Bundibugyo geographical setup.

Mr Kabachelor told the President: "I have discussed this with the Rwenzururu
leaders that this cannot be possible as Kasese District is part of Uganda
and the people of this district also work in other districts of Uganda."

The movement is under the officious title of the Rwenzururu Freedom Council.
It demands that all civil servants and those working in the parastatal
organistions in Kasese quit forthwith.

The threat is backed by the presence of an army. Its strength is not known
put its chief of staff is Mr Richard Kinyamusutu who had also been the chief
under Rwenzururu leader Irema Ngoma who in 1982 had surrendered his army to
the Obote government.

The DA said that the same army has made it difficult to control smuggling
in the hills as they help to escort the coffee smugglers to Zaire. Under
the arrangement, smugglers pay them a certain tax for this service.

Kabachelor reported that very often he has advised they should not allow
their soldiers to come down with their weapons or dressed in their uniforms.
"We cannot identify whether they are the ones or an enemy," he added.

/9317
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51



The commission defines justice as the "redress of injured rights" and says
scriptural justice was primarily--although by no means exclusively--aimed at
the defenceless among gods people.

This meant that the faithful should be sensitive in respect of the maintenance
of justice towards the defenceless, the poor and the deprived and that injus-
tice and needs should be brought to the attention of the authorities and others
involved.

In practice this meant that. the NGK had to preach the word of God to the

authorities and draw the government's attention to the ‘scriptural norms of

justice, order and peace in respect of relations between individuals and groups.
Policy on Equal Pay, Migrants Outlined

MB201018 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0837 GMT 20. Oct 86¢

{Text] Cape Town, October 20, SAPA--The NG-Kerk [Dutch Reformed Church]

General Synod has been advised to adopt a new labour policy which calls for

equal pay and the elimination of migrant labour.

In a new draft race relations policy document "Church and Society" .on which

debate for adoption starts today, a commission of the synod lays down norms

for Christian labour ethics in a heterogeneous ‘society such as South Africa.

The commission recommended the synod adopt the following guidelines on labour
relations:

--Fair wages are based on the nature of the work, the ability of the labourer
and on the demands of a decent human existence;

--Equal pay for equal work and performance;
~-Equal opportunity for equal work prospects;

~--Right of all workers to have adéquate facilities at thé workplace, such .as
meal and recreational facilities;

~-Open labour choice which excludes discriminatory job reservation policies
which disadvantage persons or groups of any race or culture;

--Access to labour unions which act responsibly and other representative
labour bodies where the worker can negotiate his right to a fair wage, fair
labour environment and job sécurity;

~-The employer also has.a right to explect his employee to reciprocate with
productive labour and reliability.

93



Mr Heunis said several prominent employers had also indicated their willing-
ness to assist in providing housing for their employees in Lethlabile.

There were at present 1,288 vacant services sites available and this would be
increased by 342 towards the end of November.

"Lethlabile also has sufficient community services, such as schools and
churches."

Tenders for tarring the entire 20 kilometre road between Brits and Lethlabile
would be put out in November, and it was expected construction would start
early next year.

Mr Heunis added that subsidised transport was available for black workers
commuting between Lethlabile and Brits.

16662
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72


The rural extension program, through the organization of the family and coope-
rative sectors, has financing from the Danish Agency for International Develop~
ment (DANIDA), and suport from the American organization, "World Vision."

For the execution of the aforementioned program, "the problem of availability
of state funds is not posed," claimed the agriculture director, after citing
the example of the Angonia Agro-Industrial Complex, which had previously

resorted to diverting the use of its funds to finance its program for. support
to the family sector. This misappropriation ended up with bank intervention.

Paulino Dambulene remarked: "Furthermore, the enterprise virtually ceased to
concern itself with this program, and the activity started to be mobilized
by the district Directorate of Agriculture."

2909
CSO: 3442/8

33



NIGERIA

PRODUCTS, STATUS OF TRADE WITH USSR DISCUSSED
Ilorin SUNDAY HERALD in English 28 Sep 86 p 14

[Text] After proclaiming independence in 1960, Nigeria made its trade
with the USSR a vital component of a general complex of relations between
the two nations.

Over the years that elapsed, many qualitative and quantitative changes
occurred in these relations.

Soviet purchases of traditional Nigerian goods, random and occasional
before 1960, are now running on a stable level.

Nigeria is now importing from the USSR such commodities as automobiles,
rolled ferrous metals, cement, glass, fresh-frozen fish, domes [word
illegible] and household appliances. Soviet foreign trade associations
and Nigerian trading companies are now establishing direct business
contacts.

All this could become effective after setting up of appropriate legal
fundamentals by two nations who signed on July 2, 1963, the first ever
inter-governmental trade agreement between the two parties to expand direct
trade relations on terms of equality and mutual benefits.

Namely, both sides agreed to grant each other most-favourable-nation rights.
The provisions of the agreement have been subsequently renewed in all later
trade agreements between the USSR and Nigeria.

On expiry of effectiveness of the latest--the third--trade agreement, the
parties initiated on September 3, 1984 the text of the new USSR-Nigeria
Trade Agreement.

An important step in the development of trade relations between the two
countries became, signed on April 5, 1979 by the governments of the USSR
and Nigeria, the Protocol on Trade Representations according to which
each of the parties can now have a trade mission in the nation's capital.

45



appeared in the July 5, 1985 issue of this newspaper. The DM 25 million in
technical assistance (1984/85) was for rural development in the central
region, for a program to promote forestry and the lumber industry, for
follow-up assistance in the medical fields and for promoting crafts.

In addition, at the end of October 1985 on the occasion of a state visit to
the FRG by Togo's President Eyadema, DM 16.5 million in financial aid was
granted in particular for the acquisition of replacement parts and equipment
in the areas of agriculture and transportation. To date, overall German
development aid to Togo has amounted to about DM 729 million. The most
significant project which has been completed to date with German aid was the
construction and expansion of Lome's deep-sea harbor at which transshipment of
goods increased to 1.52 million metric tons in 1985 as compared to 1.36
million metric tons in 1984. Also worth mentioning, in addition to the
acquisition of two special freighters, is the expansion of the water supply
system in several towns.

Togo has also received significant development aid from the EC. Within the
scope of the Lome III treaty, a program has been worked out for the 1985 to
1990 time period in which financial aid amounting to 61 million ECU's (1 ECU =
DM 2.15) is planned. Of this amount, 47.5 million ECU's are subsidies, 7.0
million ECU's are special loans and 6.5 million ECU's represent a loan from
the European Investment Bank (EIB) of Luxembourg. Eighty-five percent of the
EC funds are to be used for the expansion and development of the infrastruc-
ture. In terms of the social infrastructure this includes increasing rural
production both for self-sufficiency and for export, and in terms of the
general infrastructure this includes modernizing and maintaining the network
of roads.

The World Bank group recently granted Togo substantial financial aid for
structural adaptation via the International Development Association (IDA).
This involved first of all a loan for $40 million which was granted in May of
1983, and a second loan for $27.8 million which followed in June of 1985. In
addition, a $12.4 million loan was added in March of 1985 for improving the
educational system. In June of 1985 a $6.2 million loan was made available
within the scope of the third technical aid program. The IDA also partici-
pated in the above-mentioned Nangbeto dam project with a $15 million loan.

The state-owned French Caisse Centrale de Cooperation (CCCE) in Paris recently
provided Togo with a loan of 50 million French francs for expansion of the
international airport at Lome. Following the expansion, this airport should
be able to handle 650,000 passengers and 9500 metric tons of freight annually.
Previously, a French loan for 40 million French francs was granted for the
construction in Atakpame of a plant for cleaning the seeds out of cotton.

Togo is also receiving significant development aid from Japan. Recently Japan
approved a loan of 4.58 milliard (billion) CFA francs for revitalizing Togo's
economy. Prior to that a Japanese loan of 460 million CFA francs had been
granted for supplying equipment to Togo's fishing industry. Canada also
recently increased its financial contribution for electrical transmission
lines leading out of the Nangbeto dam to 2.9 milliard (billion) CFA francs.

12552
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50



It was agreed that their main functions would be promotion of trade between
the two nations, including such aspects as sales, purchases and other
commercial. transactions between the Soviet foreign trade associations and
Nigeria's legal and physical persons.

The trade missions were to represent their nations’ interests in all the
matters concerning foreign trade.

The trade missions are now fully effective and their contribution to the
promotion of mutual trade is remarkable.

As a matter of fact, Nigeria is the biggest trade partner of the Soviet
Union in Africa. In the past five years the volume of trade exchange
surpassed the level of 1.1 billion roubles.

Over all the years of cooperation, the Soviet Union delivered to Nigeria
more than 20,000 cars, a great number of lorries and tractors. Nigerian
imports from the USSR also included farming machines, power generating
plant, building materials, drugs and freshly-frozen fish.

In the recent years, prevailing commodities of Soviet exports to Nigeria
became the entire sets of plant and accessories for the Metallurgical Works
at Ajaokuta which is considered with USSR's assistance.

On the other hand, the Soviet Union is bying in Nigeria large quantity
of cocoa beans.

The basic trends of economic and social development of the USSR for
1986-1990 and up to the year 2000 contemplate a further considerable rise
of national economy in the Soviet Union. This will undoubtely stimulate the
Soviet foreign trade associations to expand their exports of machinery,
industrial plant and other commodities which are of much interest to the
African developing nations, particularly to Nigeria.

On the other hand, the government of Nigeria is undertaking heavy efforts
to develop the national economy. These factors create favourable conditions
for future progress of mutually beneficial trade relations between the

USSR and Nigeria.

/9317
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46


SOUTH AFRICA

NEW GOVERNMENT-APPOINTED BLACK COUNCILLOR TO TRANSVAAL DESCRIBED

Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Sep-Oct 86 pp 31, 32

[Article by Sekola Sello]

[Text]

hen you see John Solani

Mavuso something strikes

you. Something rather curi-

ous. It’s not what some peo-
ple call “presence”. Rather, it is a mixture
of the inquisitive, of wonder plus a touch
of confusion.

He is not the type of man you give a
cursory glance and dismiss. Yet, he is also
not instantly recognisable as a leading
representative of a particular category of
human being. Perhaps the man in the
middle?

Here I am, eyeball to eyeball with this
big, bespectacled guy in a three-piece suit.
You admire his sartorial taste, but for
some strange reason my gaze falls on his
ears,

They are pierced. Not like Zulu tribes-
men. More like Swazi or Shangaan.
Under normal circumstances, } would not
give this‘a second thought. | have seen a
lot of well-dressed folks with tribal scars
or pierced lobes.

With Mavuso I sense the incongruity. |
feel it every time ] meet him and that’s
damn often. | have known the man several
years,

Although there is a wide generation gap
between us — he is about twice my age
and age plays an important cultural role
— there is great rapport between the two
of us. Over the years we have had serious
discourses on political issues. He was a
member of the African National Congress
when that was legal. After it was pro-
scribed, he went into a kind of political
limbo.

75

The political axe 1 have had to grind
wth him concerns his involvement with
Inkatha. The more so, considering his past
political inclinations. | majntain Inkatha is
a tribal organisation and therefore divi-
sive. Mavuso maintains he is no political
apostate and advances a reasonable argu-
ment to justify his stance, but J think one
can see a lot of holes in it.

Mavuso has now been appointed to the

new Executive Council of the Transvaal.
This council, to Pretoria’s way of thinking,
is another orderly way of extending de-
mocracy to blacks.

Mavuso says he is not keen on debating
whether participation in the council
diminishes or extends democracy for
blacks. He points out that blacks in the
Republic have never enjoyed democracy
and therefore the question is irrelevant.
He jusifies his co-option into the much-
maligned system by saying a start has to
be made somewhere. According to him,
what PW has done by introducing the
councils is extend the base of management

of the country’s affairs.

The power structure in this country has
always been drawn from whites. More spe-
cifically from National Party faithfulls.
PW has “broadened the base”,

1 pointed out to Mavuso that he cannot
claim to have a political constituency or
mandate to represent black people in what
he perceives as the “broadening of man-
agement.”

Indeed, ‘‘broadening” is debatable
when two houses of the tricameral system
can oppose security legislation only to be
easily overruled by a President’s Council



In reflecting upon the politics
of the “coloureds” in South
Africa, it seems inevitable that
any such consideration would
have to deal with this problem of
the legitimacy of such
representation. In the South
Africa of the eighties that seems,
after all, a crucial — if not THE
vital — political issue. It is, in
fact, so vital that it touches the
very core of their existence in
respect of the coloured people.

The dilemma which confronts
people in this statutory-defined
category is in no way better
illustrated than through the
immense sensitivity which
surrounds the term “coloured” as
such. An understanding of this
sensitivity is fundamental to the
issue and must be appreciated
before any consideration of other
dimensions of the “coloured
dilemma”. These deal primarily
with the dilemma of choices with
which that community is faced.
In fact, dilemmas are central to
the whole issue and arguably
dominate the political life of all
South Africans — whether it be
in their institutional,
organizational or individual
capacities. But it is, arguably,
nowhere more visibly critical
than in the case of those people
who have been officially
classified as ‘“coloureds”.

That this classification is
statutory must be emphasised.
The racial overtones implicit in
the categorization of people into
African, white, coloured or Asian
groups are totally rejected. But
the use of such categories reflects
a reality of South Africa’s
apartheid society, and is
accordingly at the heart of any
study of the politics of this
society,

85

“Coloured politics”, then, is
about dilemmas. The first of
these revolves around the
question of whether one should,
or even could, speak of a
politically relevant identifiable
“coloured” group at all.

The term “coloured” has, inter
alia, a genetic or biological
meaning in terms of which such a
person presumably has a
peculiar genetic history and
some distinctive physical
features, notably related to skin
colour. The “coloured” people of
South Africa have their genetic
roots in a process of integration
which involved many divergent
people. Predominant in their
early history were the
indigenous Khoisan, on the one
hand, and, on the other, slaves,
mostly of Asian origin, who were
imported to the Cape of Good
Hope by the first Dutch settlers.
But, insofar as one can. speak of a
“group” in genetic terms, this
would appear to be a thoroughly
South African one, enriched by
influences from most, if not all,
groups — indigenous as well as
from elsewhere — inhabiting the
country.

Culturally speaking, these
people seem to be largely similar
to their “white” compatriots.
Afrikaans and English are their

dominant languages, their
lifestyles are very similar and
large numbers are affiliated to
Christian churches established in
South Africa by Europeans. What
is more, among the Afrikaans-
speaking coloureds and whites,
the majorities are members of the
same family of churches — the
Dutch Reformed group. The
Calvinist tradition is equally
strong in both the Afrikaner and
coloured “communities”.



Litigants, Defendants Listed
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Oct 86 p 13

[Text]

The National Party of South West Africa and four Others are to bring an application In the High Court :
on Tuesday, October 28, which will be the latest litigation caused by the in-fights since the establish- |
ment of the so-called Transitional Government of National Unity.

~ Before court this time, as the polltical target, will be the Constitutional Council, a body which has
cost this country countless thousands of Rands so far with a nil achievement. .
The applicants in the pending litigation are: . :
© the National Party of South West Africa, First Applicant;
@ the Rehoboth Bevryde Demokratiese Party, Second Applicant; : :
@ Mr Augustus Conrad (Attie) Arnold, a member of the Constitutional Council, representing the National Party in
that body, and Windhoek’s former town.clerk, Third Applicant; :
@ Mr Frans Louis van Zyl, member of the Constitutional Council, representing the National Party in that body, |
and a member of the.Executive Committee in the Administration for Whites, Fourth Applicant; :
© Mr Seth Jacobus Junius, a member of the Constitutional Council, Fifth Applicant;
@ Mr Karel Jacob Freygang, a member of the Constitutional Council, Sixth Applicant. ,
The respondents in the matter are: :

@ The Constitutional Council, cited as the First Respondent;
© Mr Justice V.G. (Vic) Hiemstra, the Chairman of the Constitutional Council, Second Respondent;

© The Cabinet of the Transitional Government of South West Africa, Third Res;

ident;

@ The Administrator-Generat for South West Africa, Mr Louis Pienaar, Fourth Respondent.

‘The applicants will ask the
court for the following:
@ an order declaring that the
Constitutional. Council was

© an order declaring that all ;
decisions and proceedings of \
the Constitutional Council

finish the work, and start :
anew at the conclusion of the |

i : enacted or concluded after | Supreme Court proceedings. |
compelled i tr Oe January 12, 1986, be declared : The applicants will also
stitutional Council, to_in-| null and void; seek, still in the alternative,
vestigate the existins tic ea Sy ¢ Court order to obtain an order by the

1g 3 polisicat
and constitutional dispensa- |
tion in South West Africa;
© an order declaring that the
Constitutional Council to date
has as yet not launched such
an investigation concerning

the current political and con-
stitutional nsation;
@ an order ring that the

Constitutional Council is en-

compelling Mr Justice
Hiemstra as soon as an order
has been issued by the

Supreme Court, to convene a ..

first meeting of the Constitu-
tional Council.

In the. alternative, the ap-
plicants asked for a Supreme
‘Court order in terms of which
all decisions by the Constitu-

Supreme Court that Mr
Justice Hiemstra may not;
take decisions on behalf of '
the Constitutional Council,
and neither must he try to in-
fluence decisions emanating
from proceedings of the Con-
stitutional Council. They will
ask the Supreme Court that
Mr Justice Hiemstra may on-

4 i rf ly’ submit to the Constitu-
titled to make a recommenda- : tional Council after January y .

tion on a new form of govern-- 12, 1986 be suspended pen- tional Council those pro-
ment only after a thorough ir ding the completion of a posals derived from other in-

vestigation into the constitu.
tional dispensation;
© an order declaring the Con-

thorough investigation into
the existing constitutional

dispensation. In the alter-

stances, and not from
members of the Council.
The court will be asked to

stitutional Council be compell- native, the applicants also order Mr Justice Hiemstra
ed to consider the ideals and asked for a Supreme Court not to deny any member of
objectives of | the people Of this order directing that the the Constitutional Council
country to effect in- period of 17 months envisag- his turn to speak at pro-

dependence, freedom, liberty,
conciliation, national unity,
stability and progress, and fur-
thermore an order declaring
that the Constitutional Coun.
cil must consider the diversity
in culture, languages, creeds,
ways of life, traditions and
customs, when compiling a
recommendation for a new
form of government;

ed as the period needed to
compile a constitution,
should only be dated as from
the date of the first meeting
of the Constitutional Council
after a High Court order has
been issued. In other words,
to declare null and void the
period which was laid down
as 17 months in which to

40

ceedings.

Finally, they will ask the
Supreme Court for an order
restraining the
Administrator-General from
signing any legislation passed
by the National Assembly un-
til such time as the Constitu-
tional Council has concluded
its work.


ANGOLA

GHANA

JPRS~SSA-86-112
10 NOVEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

Portuguese Delegation Attends UNITA Congress
(TEMPO, 25 Sep 86) .cccecececcecsccccesccens

Assembly Official Explains Process of Electing Representatives
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 8 Aug 86) ..eececccesccecscesceees

Commentary Views Issue of Aliens, New Economic Restrictions
(Kobina Koduah; Accra Domestic Service, 14 Oct 86) .....06

Countertrade To Expand Foreign Trade Base
(Victoria Odoi; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 1 Oct 86) ...seeee

FRG Announces 1987 Aid Package, Projects
(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 2 Oct 86) ..ssececececesccecscece

Cotton Farmers To Enjoy Incentive Prices
(Kojo Sam; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 25 Sep 86) ..seceseeeee

Bauxite Company Aims at Achieving Export Target
(Fiifi-Mensah; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Oct 86) ...seeoue

Pact To Exploit Tano Basin Oil Signed
(Francis Kotutse; GHANAIAN TIMES, 3 Oct 86) ..ceseseeeceee

Angolan Cooperation: Petroleum, Fishing Highlighted
(Karl Botchway; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 4 Oct 86) .....ees

MOZAMBIQUE

Department of Natural Disasters Discusses Nationwide Crisis
(NOTICIAS, 24 Sep 86) ..sccccesccsccccecccssccccuccccesces

“ac

11

12

14

15

16

17

18



IDASA REGIONAL OFFICE TO OPEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Oct 86 p 18

{Text]

CAPE TOWN. — ‘The
first regional office of the
Institute for a Democratic

Alternative for South

Africa would be opened
in Port Elizabeth in
November, the exeeutive
director of Idasa, Dr Alex
Boraine, announced in
Cape town yesterday.

Dr Frederick Van Zyl
Slabbert, former leader of
the opposition, and. Dr
Boraine, former PFP MP
for Pinelands, will be en-

19274

cso:

3400/134

gaged full-time in Idasa
when the headquarters,
based in Cape Town,
opens in January next
year.

More regional offices
will be opened when staff
become

“Idasa is the outcome
of a series of discussions
with key Black and-White
leaders throughout South
Africa as well as outside
of South Africa and is

committed to a non-
racial, democratic South
Africa,” Dr Boraine said.

The goals of Idasa in-

clude:

@ To help those South
Africans ‘of all races who
reject apartheid to discov-
er.an alternative that is
non-racial and democratic
in the true sense of the
world;

@ To reassure those
who are fearful of a post-
apartheid South Africa

103

- SOUTH AFRICA

and involve them in work-
ing towards that alterna-
tive;

@To mobilise the
skills, knowledge and ex-
perience of all those who
can help the communities
in the crisis areas of South
Africa, and

@ To provide forums
and opportunities on a
nationwide basis.so that
solutions to South Afri-
ca’s“problems can be
sought in confidence and
without prejudice.

Idasa was. not a move-
ment nor a political party,
and did not seek to du-
plicate or usurp the func-
tions of any other demo-
cratic organisation, Dr
Boraine said.

“Tt stems from a need
for contact and negotia-
tion between _ those
people of good will who
have been kept apart for
so long that they have lost
touch with each other’s
humanity.

“We are convinced that
apartheid will go.” —



The same bankruptcy is evident in South Africa's attempts to deflect sanctions
by threatening punitive sanctions of its own on its neighbours. But as

Cde Mugabe reminded the UN press conference, South Africa, with massive invest-
ments in this country, has far more to lose than Zimbabwe in an all-out sanc-
tions war. Zimbabwe would have no hesitation in cutting off earnings from
these investments and, indeed, if driven to it, put a stop to pension payments
totalling $70 million annually to 40,000 ex~-Rhodesians living in South Africa.

Another red herring is the oft-expressed fear that subjecting South Africa
to sanctions will slow down reform. But reform has never been the issue.
Apartheid is a deep-rooted cancer that only surgery can cure: it must be cut
out and destroyed.

The U.S. go-ahead on sanctions is a significant move towards applying the
knife. It is time that Britain and her EEC neighbours gowned up for the
operation too. Tens of millions of voices in Britain and Europe cry out
against apartheid and let Mrs Thatcher and other EEC leaders ignore them at
their peril.

Few U.S. Presidents have enjoyed the immense popularity of Reagan and yet his
veto was overwhelmingly rejected. Leaders continuing to put political and
economic expediency before the will of their people risk the same humiliation.

/6662
csO:  3400/239

63



TOGO

MAJOR FRG DEVELOPMENT AID FOR INFRASTRUCTURE, AGRICULTURE

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 4 Sep
86 p 2

[Article by W. An.: "Economic Projects with International Support in Togo:
Togo a Focal Point of German Development Aid"]

[Text] Frankfurt--Togo again experienced economic improvement in 1985.
The gross domestic product in terms of market prices is estimated at 312.8
milliard (billion) CFA francs (100 CFA francs = approximately DM 0.62) for
1985--approximately 7.1 percent more than the year before. Togo is planning
an investment program for the period from 1985 to 1990 involving expenditures
of about 380 milliard (billion) CFA francs. This plan can only be realized
with the help of international organizations and individual industrialized
nations, among them the FRG. Tog has already recently obtained financial
assistance which has been very beneficial in terms of economic development.
Within the federal budget economizing continues to be the order of the day.
In the standard 1986 federal budget, income and expenditures were assessed at
87.3 milliard (billion) CFA francs each or 6.6 percent more than the year
before. Within the investment budget, expenditures are expected to increase
from 3.6 milliard (billion) CFA francs to 6.0 milliard (billion) francs.

Togo is a focal point of German development aid. Within the scope of finan-
cial cooperation, German contributions totalling more than DM 45 million have
been negotiated for the two-year period, 1986-1987. Of that sum, DM 15 mil-
lion are for the promotion of agriculture in Togo and DM 5 million each are
for the construction of an electrical substation in Atakpame, the renovation
of a hydroelectric power station near Kpime and for supplying and installing
provisional bridges. DM 4 million each are for a beltway around the capital
city of Lome, maintenance of rural roads and general assistance in the form of
goods. The remaining DM 3 million are earmarked for renovation of the water
supply system in Sokode. Technical assistance in the amount of DM 28 million
has also been promised for the 1986/87 period.

Previously, DM 60 million in contributions was negotiated within the scope of
financial cooperation for the 1984/85 period, DM 22 million of that sum for
the Nangbeto dam currently under construction on the Mono River which includes
a power station with two turbine generator units (31.5 MW each). A complete
report on this project, in which German firms are playing a substantial role,

49



Radicals and revolutionaries used it as a bludgeon to intimidate and demoral-
ise moderates on university campuses, in trade unions, in the media and else-
where, he wrote in the Irish INDEPENDENT. Later he told the Cape Town press
club: I want to stop the rot in Western universities where intimidation from
the left, such as that in the anti-apartheid movement, is a cloak for a whole
lot of things which have nothing to do with liberal views~-and it gives the
radicals a chance to stampede the liberals.

A couple of days later Dr O'Brien's remaining lectures at UCT were cancelled.
The rot against which he had set himself had claimed him as its latest victim.
Only the names of the organizations were different: the aims and methods were
if anything even more crudely intolerant. The disillusionment and disgust of
moderates were well expressed by the head of the Department of Political
Studies at the university, Professor David Walsh. Unless the university takes
steps to prevent this kind of action, he said, they should close down or cease
calling themselves a university.

But effective action can hardly be expected before those concerned are
prepared to face up to the fact that they are dealing with a thoroughly
totalitarian cancer in South African politics.

17051
csO: 3400/197

98


loans, the credit allocated by the bank with state guarantees and the funds
allocated within the budget for undertakings in Mozambique."

On this occasion, the governor of the Central Bank of Maputo said that his
government “is ready to negotiate the pending issues,“ and that he believes
the agreement signed will finally make it possible to release the $25 million
in credit promised in 1984 when Mario Soares was still prime minister.

Eneas Comiche believes that “The door has now been opened for a revival of
Portugal's economic activity in Mozambique,” although, in his view, it is
necessary for cooperation to develop on “dynamic foundations, such as to
overcome the difficulties caused in recent years by a certain lag in the
relations between the two countries."

The loan to Mozambique has the guarantee of the Portuguese state, and 12
banking institutions will participate. Repayment will be made in 12 equal
installments falling due every 6 months, beginning on 31 December 1990. The
purpose is to consolidate the debt owed (capital and interest) as of 30 June
of this year, resulting from contracts signed up until February 1984.

5157
CS0:3542/163

23



The report from Sofala Province explained that the famine situation there has
tended to worsen owing to the destabilizing activity that the armed bandits
have been promoting against the defenseless population, and the effects of the
drought which are still being felt in some districts. In this province, there
are currently 571,209 persons stricken by famine.

As we learned, to minimize this problem, emergency aid action has been taken
in the areas seriously stricken, consisting of sending food products and
production tools, among other items.

Also yesterday, the participants in the fourth national meeting of the Depart-
ment to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters discussed the need for improving
the present informational system, in order to allow for real information on
the various natural disasters affecting our country to be provided.

Amos Mahanjane said that the lack of an efficient informational system has
caused the department to confine itself merely to combating natural disasters,
whereas it was also supposed to be concerned with methods for preventing these
calamities.

2909
CSO: 3442/8

19



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON NEED TO RESIST MOZAMBIQUE 'MILITARIZATION'
MB160722 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 16 Oct 86
[Station Commentary: 'Mozambique"]

[Text] A total of three of the four countries most in need of assistance be-
cause of human refugees are in Africa. These three the Sudan, Somalia, and
Ethiopia--figure high on the list of expenditure for 1987 that has just been
approved by the UN High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. Before 1987,
however, the commissioner's expenditure figures might well have to be revised
to take account of the growing refugee problem resulting from civil war in
Mozambique.

In the worst case of destabilization in southern Africa for many years,
hundreds of thousands of Mozambicans are being displaced from their homes and
are being forced to seek sanctuary in neighboring countries. In one single
incident, 50,000 people fled into Malawi after a fierce battle in the civil
war. Thousands more have flocked into Malawi since then and others have
sought sanctuary in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Tanzania has also become embroiled
in Mozambique's civil war and nearly 300,000 Mozambicans have crossed illegal-
ly into South Africa.

The main resistance movement in opposition to the Mozambican Government, the

MNR, operated in only 3 of the country's 10 provinces when the war started 11

years ago. Today, the MNR operates in all 10 provinces and has been taking

over control of important towns, in the process driving out government troops

and even forcing thousands of government troops to flee into neighboring coun-
tries. The crunch, it would appear, is coming in Mozambique. The Soviet Union

and her allies stand poised to use the turmoil in Mozambique as a pretext to

rush in more weapons of war and more communist bloc troops. i

The further destabilization and militarization of southern Africa needs to be
resisted actively before Mozambique becomes another Afghanistan or Nicaragua.

17358 |
CSO: 3400/222 |

102



MOZAMBIQUE

SEMINAR DISCUSSES SUPPORT FOR PRIVATE, COOPERATIVE, FARMING SECTORS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Sep 86 p 3

[Text]The governor of Tete Province, Eduardo Arao, as he was bringing to a close
a seminar on support to the family and cooperative sectors, remarked: “Excuses
may be good for applauding, but the fact is that stomachs are. stricken by hunger,
and you hold the key to increased agricultural production; nevertheless, you are
lagging in the execution of the plowing plans."

Making a point of not delivering a formal speech to close the seminar, the Tete
governor stressed that, “Our meeting in a seminar to produce nice documents is
good, but only for showing off"; and remarked: “It is preferable for us not to
have documents and to direct ourselves toward a concrete situation in order to
solve the problems."

On this occasion, Eduardo Arao commented that the plowing must be intensified
in the enterprises under the state's jurisdiction to solve the problem of the
shortage of agricultural products in the province; declaring that we should
not wait for donations, because the province is equipped to become self-
sufficient, even despite the war situation.

After querying the seminar participants on the conditions currently existing,
during the first phase of the 1986-87 agricultural campaign, the Tete leader
issued specific instructions, such as the concentration of the facilities that
exist in the Angonia district Directorate of Agriculture in the CATIA {Angonia
Agro~Industrial Complex]; because, in this instance, there is posed the problem
that one of these agencies has tractors equipped to carry out its program, but
no lubricants, whereas the other has the latter, and needs more tractors.

Commenting on the lack of sufficient incentives for the family sector, Eduardo
Arao expressed the view that, "The best incentive that the population wants is
to have food for all year long." Also associated with this, he criticized a
program aimed at the return of the population dislocated to neighboring countries
and devised by a district Directorate of Agriculture, enumerating the necessary
products, including crackers and milk, among other items considered beyond the
realm of the real possibilities in existence, from the standpoint of the entire
country.

31



Editorial Warns of Dangers
Kampala THE STAR in English 4 Oct 86 p 2

[Editorial]

[Excerpts] Probably many Ugandans have forgotten or are pretending to
forget that Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a killer disease.
The most pathetic thing about these people is that many of them are contract-

ing it indiscriminately yet it can be avoided unlike other deadly diseases
like cancer.

It is an established fact that one of the major and most obvious ways of
getting AIDS is by sexual contact. Blood transfusion, use of unsterilized
medical equipment and other by~chance means can also cause AIDS to some
limited extent. But their likelihood is low-sexual contact is the most
obvious way.

Just as every person owes it to himself or to herself to protect their
lives as best as they can, it is just right for them to be responsible for
others as well, where possible. Unfortunately, apparentiy many people do
not seem to care about their own lives. How then will they care about
others? By this is meant the sexual promiscuity prevailing among Ugandans.

Woe-be-tide them who think AIDS is a fairy-tale. It is a reality!
Promiscuity, apart from the probable ruination of their marriages or
reputation, will kill them with AIDS. There is nothing wrong with sexual
contact provided it is done with the right person at the right time in a
person's life.

/9317
CSO: 3400/225

55



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT CREATES NEW DESIGNATED AREA--Government has proclaimed a further
stretch of the northern border with Botswana a "designated area", The an-
nouncement of a strip approximately 50km wide from the Dwarsberg Mountains in
the northwestern Transvaal to a point west of Askham in the Northern Cape is
in line with government's policy of preventing the depopulation of border
areas in the interests of security. Announcing the proclamation yesterday,
Minister of Constitutional Development and Planning Chris Heunis and Agri-
culture and Water Supply Minister Sarel Hayward said an evaluation of the
Marico-Vryburg-Kuruman and Gordonia districts had indicated that an addition-
al designated area was essential. "The problems of these border areas lie,
among other things, in the specific socio-economic circumstances which led to
depopulation, In the interests of national social and security considerations,
this tendency must be counteracted," they said, Farmers in the area will now
qualify for various aid schemes. [Text] [By Linda Ensor] [Johannesburg
BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Sep 86 p 3] /9274

NEW TIER OF AUTHORITY AT TREASURY--Iwo new posts have been created in the De-
partment of Finance that will give both Deputy Director-General Ferhard Croeser
and Treasury Secretary Peter Wronsley a direct say in policy-making, Although
seen as relatively straightforward, the reshuffle at Treasury could strengthen
the hand of interventionists within the department, and heighten the tension
between Treasury and the Reserve Bank, The changes, which come into effect on
October 1, effectively put in place another tier of government in the depart-
ment, Up to now, the heads of the five branches of Treasury reported directly
to Director-General Chris Stals. These are: ~--Daan Colesky, Commissioner for
Customs and excise; Clive Kingon, Commissioner for Inland Revenue; Robert
Burton, Registrar of Finaneial Institutions; Peter Wronsley, Secretary to the
Treasury; and Gerhard Croeser, Deputy Director-General of Public Finance,

The two new posts have been inserted between Stals and the five department
heads Gerhard Groeser, a verligte known for his interventionist slant, has
been promoted to Chief Executive Director of Financial Institutions, Treasury
and Public Finance, Peter Wronsley has been promoted to Chief Executive Direc-
tor of Customs and Excise and Inland Revenue, Stals will remain as Director-
General of Finance, [Text] [By Gerald Prosalendis] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 30 Sep 86 pp 1, 3] /9274

73



MOZAMBIQUE

GAZA GOVERNOR VISITS CHOKWE DISTRICT FOR INSPECTION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 25 Sep 86 p 2

[Text] From 8 to 13 September, the party's first secretary and governor of
Gaza, Francisco Pateguana, visited the district of Chokwe, as part of the
inspection and control of socioeconomic activities that is under way in all
of the province's districts. During his stay in Chokwe, that official of

the party and government of Gaza directed people's rallies in the localities
of Macarretane, Chiduachine, Nwachicoluane, and Xilembene, and in the town of
Chokwe, where he outlined important measures for giving an impetus to agricul-
tural development and small projects, in the context of combating famine and
battling against the black market.

During the rally held at the district headquarters on the final day of his
working visit, in which nearly 7,000 persons participated, Francisco Pateguana
stipulated that all the agrarian enterprises and cooperatives, which occupy
large areas of land, must distribute it to the family and private sectors,
retaining only land in keeping with their capacity.

The Gaza governor remarked: "The cooperative and private agrarian enterprises
must provide greater support in the form of tractors and pump and engines to
the family sector. It is starting with the family that we must put an end

to famine."

To minimize the effects of the drought and to procure the desirable yield
from the crops, Francisco Pateguana recommended that the peasants make use
of the low-lying areas and rationally use the water from the Limpopo and
Munhuana Rivers, bordering that district, the major farming production center
in the province.

The party's first secretary and governor.of Gaza made a lengthy tour of. the
farm of the Mozambican Heroes Cooperative, that of the Xilembene Agricultural
Enterprise, Conhane, and several private establishments in Chokwe, expressing
pleasure at the excellent output of 5 tons per hectare.

At the Xilembene Agricultural Enterprise, that official ordered the enterprise
director, Jose Manuel dos Santos, to hasten the opening of sales stations in
the surrounding communities, for the purpose of avoiding the spoilage of
tomatoes and cabbage.

25



SOUTH AFRICA

DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH CHANGES POLICY ON RACE RELATIONS
Report Accepted at Synod
MB201005 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0814 GMT 20 Oct 86
[Text] Cape Town, October 20, SAPA--The NG Kerk [Dutch Reformed Church]
General Synod today accepted a report which may revolutionise its official

stand on race relations.

The report says racism is "a serious sin which no person or church may defend
or practice."

The report, entitled "Church and Society," is a 66-page booklet prepared by a
special commission under chairmanship of the former moderator, the Rev Jacobus
Potgieter, charged with revision of the controversial pro-apartheid policy
document "Human Relations and the SA [South Africa] Scene in the Light of
Scripture."

"Church and Society," a draft policy document on race relations, addresses and
changes most of the church's official ‘views on:

--Joint worship;

--Qualifications for church membership;

~-Racial or ethnic division of the church;

--Race and racism in personal and group relations;

--Active opposition to harmful government policies and structures;
-Distinguishing between the government of the day and the state; and
~-Human dignity and human rights.

Observers at the synod said today that many of the recommendations were truly

"revolutionary" and would reopen écumenical doors that had been closed to the
church for its passive support of apartheid policies.

91



have constantly been subjected to aggression by the imperialist forces that,
after the establishment of the first two organs of popular government in 1980
with a 3-year mandate, the party, through its leadership and the Political
Bureau, decided to extend this mandate for another 3 years, until 1986. This
step was also dictated by the desire to allow for advances on the population
census problem, a basic factor in carrying the electoral process forward more
efficiently, and also, obviously, the desire to facilitate the participation
of all of the working people in this process of great importance, based on the
principle of universal and direct suffrage.

We are coming to the end of the current legislature's term, and it is
necessary to launch a new process to renew the mandates. This was initiated by
the 30 April resolution of the Political Bureau which created the National
Electoral Commission and the provincial electoral commissions and, of course,
there is a need for a campaign to educate and make the people aware, not only
to explain this whole process, which is rather complex and has special aspects
due to the particular situation in which we find ourselves, but also to
explain to the new voters, to a whole generation which now has the opportunity
to go to the polls, what the process is, what it means, what its goals are and
what the principles which govern it are, within the philosophy of our party
and our state.

This consciousness-raising campaign is also designed to achieve and is
important for ensuring a greater role for state activity among the people and
a better understanding by our people, excluded for so many centuries from
participation in political power, of how it can be exercised through its
representatives and through the special organs created for this purpose.

On the other hand, we have had extensive experience with this legislature, and
it is necessary to apply the results of this experience to the new process,
There are new aspects to be introduced in the Electoral Law itself, and there
will be an increase in the quantity and an improvement in the quality of the
deputies. Therefore there will be more deputies, both in the provincial
people's assemblies and in the Assembly of the People. There will be greater
representation of the various social classes and the different. labor groups,
the social organizations in particular. A decision has been made to increase
the number of women, to ensure representation of artists and athletes and
certain other groups, including scientists. There are many new aspects of the
process of which it is necessary to inform the people, so that the process can
reflect their will overall. Also, the mechanisms themselves have been
perfected, as have the conditions (we will not have universal direct and
secret balloting, because the war conditions to which we are subjected prevent
us from doing that, but direct balloting), and therefore it is necessary to
explain this properly to all of the people so that they can participate to the
greatest extent possible.

These are the reasons for the importance of the consciousness-raising
meetings, the talks and the educational campaigns which will be carried out
throughout the country concerning this process of renewing mandates.


LE GRANGE ON INDEPENDENCE OF COURTS--The minister of law and order, Mr Louis

le Grange, says the image of the independence of South African courts is not
harmed by the actions of judges, legislators, or ministers. However, this
image is affected detrimentally by the statements of politically motivated
lawyers, politicians trained in the law, and the media. Mr Le Grange was speak-
ing at the inauguration of the new magistrates office building in Potchefstroom.
He said the security of the state remains the most important priority in South
Africa and judges act according.to this priority. Mr Le Grange emphasized

that judges have no political aspirations, do not belong to political parties,
and do not become involved in quasi-political organizations or pressure groups.
He pointed out that judges’ decisions are made according to the laws of the
country, and therefore.the image of the courts is not harmed. Mr Le Grange
added that the executive and legislative authorities in the country guarantee
the independence of the. courts, and that the government will always abide by
the decisions of the courts. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in
Afrikaans 1400 GMT 17 Oct 86 MB] /6662

CsO: 3400/242

74


(?Indeed), this is certainly not the first time in recent history that the
enemy has threatened the ANC [words indistinct]. I (?saw) in particular in
Soweto that each time the police score a success and arrest one of our cadres
deep inside the country, an announcement is made that [words indistinct] and
that the ANC is on the point of being finished. And within a short time of
such claims, the enemy once again felt the blows of Umkhonto we Sizwe. And
the fact is that it is precisely the escalation of that struggle deep inside
the country that has forced Botha, Malan and their clique to run to every
neighboring territory to threaten them with military aggression, with economic
blackmail, to offer them bribes, to corrupt some of the people involved in
running the state, with one basic single purpose in mind and that is to get
them to close down this ANC, which they continue to claim is on the point of
being finished. And now, once again, and perhaps in an even more dramatic
fashion, the deep roots which the ANC has and which Umkhonto we Sizwe has in-
side the country are being demonstrated in unmistakable form. And not only
does this demonstrate the basic health and strength of the ANC-LED internal
struggle but it also unmistakably gives the lie to the claim which they are
always making that our struggle is outside and not inside the country.

Nkomati has failed precisely because the arena of struggle is amongst our own
people deep inside our country and the people who are acting are there and not
in the surrounding territory. Of course it is true that there has never been
a people's struggle, whether in Africa or elsewhere, which did not include an
external element. [Words indistinct] Frelimo was helped by Tanzania, the MPLA
was helped by Congo Brazzavile, ZANU was helped by Mozambique. And indeed,
this is not only just, it is understandable. It is the enemy which these
movements were fighting and it is the same with us. It is an enemy which is
not standing alone. It is an enemy which is reinforced and supported by its
external allies. It is an enemy which has deprived its people of the possi-
bilities of obtaining the skills of their [word indistinct]. It is an enemy
which deprives its people of the right to own and to handle weapons. And when
you face such an enemy that these other movements and we have faced and are
facing, the external element obviously plays a part.

But in this connection I think it is important to emphasize that the actual
reality of the power relationships in southern Africa has made the ANC perhaps
more modest than any other liberation movement in Africa in its search for
rear base facilities. We have never had, nor have we accepted to have, the
kind of rear base facilities which all those movements in Africa which [words
indistinct] had in the territories bordering on their countries. And much
as the ANC strategy [words indistinct] has been based on the fact that even
in the initial stages of the armed struggle we could not obtain in the same
way and to the same degree those kinds of facilities. And there is no doubt
[words indistinct] that the training, the arming, the infiltration and
replenishment of relatively large armed units which operate in proximity to
friendly borders, which is the pattern of other struggles, has never been the
basis of the ANC program.

It is well known to the enemy [words indistinct] in its assessment of what is
going on. We have concentrated on internal growth deep inside the country,
internal growth around a core of trained, revolutionary, political, military
cadres in both rural and urban areas. And we have deliberately avoided the

80


chief of international affairs; General Altino Sapala, chief of the logistics
sector; and Colonel Jaka Jamba, secretary for information and the movement's
spokesman.

Savimbi's Proposal for Achieving Peace

At the end of the UNITA congress, which lasted for over 6 days, Chairman Jonas
Savimbi held a press conference at which, in the first communique he
presented, he emphasized the movement's desire to establish peace and laid
down the conditions on which it would have to be established. He also
mentioned international politics, UNITA's position on South Africa, and the
proposal by the front line countries that U.S. President Ronald Reagan visit
Angola and Africa.

Concerning the platform for peace as presented by UNITA, the leader of the
movement said that "in the first place, we ask the MPLA to play a
straightforward game as we do in UNITA so that our country will experience
peace. In the second place, as soon as the MPLA makes a public statement, we
want to begin immediate negotiations with it to deal with the problem of the
total withdrawal of foreign troops from our country. It is unquestionable
that discussions will be necessary with a view to establishing a timetable for
the withdrawal of those troops. If those two conditions are met~-the first
being an official and unequivocal statement by the MPLA that it is ready to
negotiate--we will begin the negotiations immediately." He added that
following the establishment of a timetable for the withdrawal of foreign
troops, "we will be able to declare a cease-fire between our forces and those
of the MPLA," and that UNITA and MPLA forces would hold the positions they
occupy until the conclusion of negotiations resulting in the formation of a
government of national unity, which would then lead to a _ provisional
government.

"SWAPO Is Massacring our People"

He went on to say that he had obtained conclusive proof that President Kaunda
of Zambia was under strong pressure to allow Cuban, FAPLA, and Soviet troops
to cross Zambian territory. And he added:

"T feel that the plans of the Russians and Cubans, together with those of Dr
Kaunda, are based on the assumption that an offensive by the MPLA will be
along three axes, beginning, according to what we have learned from an agent
in the intelligence service, from Munhango, Cuito Canavale, and Mocusse.
Because of that, they are striving to be sure that when the offensive is
launched along those three axes, everything will be in place so that Kaunda
will be free to send troops from his country."

Savimbi also condemned SWAPO troops for joining with the MPLA and
"mistreating, killing, raping, and massacring our people." And he noted that
SWAPO "had murdered 8 percent of its forces fighting against UNITA instead of
struggling for Namibia's independence. SWAPO cannot boast of having liberated
any part of Namibia's territory, whereas we have liberated one-third of this
country."


FOREIGN DEBT REPAYMENTS POSTPONED-~Consensus has been reached that no addi-
tional debt repayments should. be made by South Africa at this stage. This
was the outcome of the meeting in London during the past week between the
Standstill Coordinating Committee and 13 of the country's major creditor
banks. The chairman of the committee, Dr Chris Stals, told our special
representatives in Washington that additional demands has been made by the
creditor banks as a result of the faverable impact of the higher gold price
on South Africa's liquidity position. Dr Stals said the extra income cre-
ated three possibilities. It would increase foreign reserves, make further
debt repayments possible, and would service to promote domestic growth. He
said agreement had been reached that replenivhment of foreign reserves was

a higher priority for South Africa at present than an additional repayment.
Our representative reports that South African banking sources view it as
important to maintain cordial relations with the international banking commun-
ity and that the debt repayments will serve to restore che country's credit~
worthiness in the long run. The next round of talks will take place in April
next year but the door was left open for further.discussions should South
Africa's liquidity position to continue to ‘improve. [Text] [Johannesburg
Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 29 Sep 86] /6662

cso: 3400/97 ERD

108



the (?peace) movement. We know very well that the nationalists have been
seriously (?weakened). [Words indistinct] inside the country, the growth of
independent and democratic trade unions. So, the point I want to make again
is that the enemy faces also serious consideration of the position of the
morale of the combatants. When the enemy is attacked both politically and
militarily, it has got to convince, especially the white population, that it
has got the capacity to destroy the ANC and the easiest way to destroy its
capacity, having failed to (?deal with) the combatants inside the country and
the activity of the organization inside the country, the easiest way is to go
for soft targets and even [words indistinct] is based in Maseru. The (?third)
target, the information office of the ANC in Maputo and the (?fourth) targets
are information of the ANC in London [word indistinct]. So, this is the
response of the enemy to the escalation of the political and military opera—
tions that the organization and its army are carrying out inside the country.
So, in a way, it is a propaganda campaign to convince its followers that it
still retains a capacity to deal with the so-called enemies of the people of
South Africa [words indistinct] in the vocabulary of the enemy the main enemy
of the people of South Africa [words indistinct] is the ANC. As far as I am
concerned, these operations are counterproductive. Immediately the enemy
launches its attack against innocent refugees and political workers of the ANC
offices, there is an (?angry) [word indistinct] response and an intensive and
international (?response), because the people can see that the victims of the
South African aggression are not the members of the army of the ANC, but just
civilians. But on the other hand, the actions of our army and the actions of
our organization against the military targets inside the country meet with the
complete understanding and total support of (?the country) and our friends
throughout the world.

So, the enemy is not really achieving anything. On the contrary, rather, the
actions of the enemy, the brutal and ruthless actions of the enemy--and in
fact the enemy creates conditions for growing and rapid support for our move—
ment and for our army and for our institutions and in fact generates a lot of
sympathy and support internationally. This is in respect of the Frontline
States vis-a-vis the apartheid regime. For us, as the ANC, we have enjoyed
very warm relations with the Frontline States, (?so) our struggle is supported
by the independent Frontline States. From the very beginning the Frontline
States have always supported in many practical ways the struggle of the oppres-
sed and exploited people of South Africa. They also accorded the ANC moral
and political support and have allowed the ANC to establish propaganda and
information offices in these countries. These Frontline States have been
[words indistinct] for South Africans who are going abroad in pursuit of edu-
cational (?opportunities) which they are denied inside our country.

So, the reaction of these Frontline States to the escalating [words indis-
tinct] cross-border raids has been one of anger and bitterness, and in fact
these raids have tended to unite the African Frontline States in their abhor-
rence and hatred of that apartheid regime. And these states have now begun
to realize that the key to peace, stability and prosperity in this region, in
other words in the region of Southern Africa, lies in the destruction of the
apartheid regime inside South Africa. So, the Frontline States, like the rest
of the progressive international community, have (?promised) to increase their

78


SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACK SASH SUPPORTS BLACK PARENTS--Johannesburg, 15 Oct, SAPA--The black Sash
today condemned the closing of black schools and the presence of security for-
ces in others, saying white parents would not tolerate such conditions. In a
statement declaring it was time to "stand in solidarity with black parents,"
the Sash demanded: --The release from detention of students, teachers and
parents; --the withdrawal of troops from the schools and townships; and
=-the lifting of the state of emergency. "The heeding of these demands would
ease tension in the townships and reduce an explosive situation," the statement
said. It added: "The crisis in education affects every south African. It is
urgent and imperative that the government makes immediate contact with the
National Education Crisis Committee (NECC) to demonstrate its willingness to
enter into open and constructive discussions." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 1915 GMT 15 Oct 86 MB] /7358

CSO: 3400/222

104


supporting these ideals, there
still remain vast differences
regarding strategy. In recent years
these differences have clearly
progressed beyond merely being
symptoms of a generation gap.
Today the “coloured
community” is sharply polarized
into different strategic camps.
Thus, we have another dilemma

Differences regarding strategy,
of course, have always been
present in opposition politics in
South Africa. But, as is probably
the case in all segments of the
South African populace, such
differences have dramatically
intensified in recent times. The
fierce Inkhata-UDF-Azapo
clashes illustrate this
intensification among Africans;
the Slabbert resignation hints
that white politics has not
escaped it entirely; and in the
coloured community the
strongly-articulated and
sometimes physically-expressed
differences between those
“inside” the system and those in
extra-institutional opposition
politics are evidence of a conflict
in the same mould. The
institutional changes since 1984
have placed the coloureds in the
midst of this debate. They ask
themselves: should we change
the system from within or from
the outside? Can we work for
reform within the official
institutions of a racialistic order,
or is the only realistic and
morally acceptable option to
resist the state from the
“outside”, working for a more
rapid and perhaps more radical
transformation of society?

The new intensity with which
this debate has re-surfaced is in
no small way due to the new

89

institutional context within
which the government attempted
to channel opposition politics.
The tri-cameral system does
provide coloureds with a new
institutionalised opportunity at
least to put their demands and
state their grievances close to the
official corridors of power. This
might not necessarily imply that
they could exercise substantial
influence, but it does provide
them with some outlet at least to
record their opposition to
government policies and actions.
Consequently, those who have
opted for participation in the
new structures claim that they
have chosen the only viable
“realpolitik” option. It means, so
they say, playing the power game
with those who hold power.

Ironically, the introduction of
a new parliamentary system
which included racial groups
other than whites, initially
provided extra-institutional
groups with some additional
space to operate in too.
Traditional means of repression,
after all, seemed inappropriate in
a situation where there was a
struggle for legitimacy. It would
also have been rather difficult to
convince the international
community, as well as the more
enlightened elements in the
domestic business community, of
the validity of the claims about
democratisation if traditional
repression were seen to continue.
This probably explains, in some
sense, why the UDF has not been
officially banned.

But this tolerance has waned as
the opposition and resistance to
the new structures, and all that
they represent, have become
more visible. In fact, it is a
remarkable coincidence, with



UGANDA

NRA ORDERED TO CRACK DOWN ON CRIMINAL ACTIVITY
Kampala THE TELECAST in English 2 Oct 86 p 3
{Article by Paul Kyesitalo]

[Text] The National Resistance Army (NRA), the armed wing of the National
Resistance Movement (NRM) which waged a five year protracted guerilla warfare
against dictatorship in Uganda until it successfully took charge of the
affairs of government on January 29, 1986 but of late has been bitterly
criticised by the civil population for its leniency in dealing with wrong
elements, has at last woken up to crack down on anti-people activities in
the Ugandan society.

For a long time, stealing of vehicles by armed thugs, breaking into offices,
commercial and residential premises which had punctuated daily life in
Uganda urban centres, but brought to a halt by the NRM government has of
late been on the increase. Police reports on the crime wave have likewise
been on the rise.

The army, which augmented the skeleton police force in maintaining security
has been on strict orders not to fire. This has been in line with the
NRM"s principle of uplifting human rights.

The same approach to rebuild Uganda has been grossly abused by thugs. These
wrong elements got arms and ammunitions through the endless wars that have
plagued Uganda for many years. Many. people, therefore are in possession of
ilelgal arms.

Out of public outcry the army appealed to people with illegal arms to hand
them over to the authorities in good faith. A few were recovered.

Three months ago an operation code named “Operation Corsear" was mounted.
Houses, offices, vehicles and travelers were searched in and around Kampala.
Many guns were recovered, but still some people remained with them. The
army, therefore, has realised that leniency cannot solve the security situa-
tion in the country.

Recently President Yoweri Museveni announced that the army is now all out to

deal with any kind of armed thuggery. He was officiating at Uganda Women's
Save the Orphans Association (UWESO) function in Kampala.

37



UAC RECOVERS SLOWLY FROM DEBT

Kampala NEW VISION in English 3 Oct 86 p 12

[Article by Ben Ochan]

[Text]

UGANDA Airlines Cor-:
poration (UAC), is stead-.
ily recovering from
heavy indebtedness since
the National Resistance
Movernen t (NRM) assum-;
ed power early this year,
the general manager, ol!
the corporation, vir
A@oko Nekyon, said in
Kampala on Wednesday.

Mr. Nekyon said that
the crrporation had paid
off the largest att of
the debts and h fo
clear the remain
the near future.

r ign had 200 gout of
jon een paid ‘aut of
£5m_ to-
tar debt that the corpo-
vation owes. to various
organisations.

He said 130,000 US
dollars had been paid to
the Sudanese government
as lying charges
40,000 oO Gollaee to Ethiop-
ian navigational author-
ities, for the same pur-
pose and 280,000 do! lars

or rescueing one of the
boeing 707 that had been!
grounded by a_ British
firm ATEL.

ATEL has now been
fully paid and the boe-
ing is with us, Mr. Ado-
ko said. Ancther British

/9317
CSO: 3400/217

firm called MARLAKE!
was also paid £ 36,000
for servicing the corpor-
ation’s planes, he added.
Adoko said’

Mr.
his administration would
ensure that the UAC
fleet that, included two
Boeing 707, two Forkker

He said that the gro-

pading of the two For-

ers and the King Air

we as due to financial and ,

neering management |

the previous admini- !
tration.

He regretted that the
corporation’s books . of.
accounts were last’ audi
ted in 1982. The corpo-
ration then incurred a
net loss of 113m/-.

But he said that his
administration had
pared the 1983/84 an "35

of accounts. He
promised that this year’s
jooks of accounts would
be ready in two weeks
time for auditing.

Mr. Adoko said that
UAC was no longer in
red. He said that any-
body who doubted could
check with the Uganda

53

UGANDA

Commercial Bank or.
Bank of Baroda.

But Ke noted”
everything was not thet
perfect. He said that for
example UAC was not a
member ot the Internat-:
ional Airlines Transport
Association (IATA).

He said this had _ re-:
sulted in the airline fail-.
ing to transfer its pa-
ssengers to other planes,
He however said that
and — British
eee were the only

companies that accepted

given it green-light
establish a workshop in
‘Uganda.
wont, Adoko, said that
vernment had provided
168m/- to pay as bene-
fits to the people the
corporation laid off. re-
cently.

He denies allegations
that he had sacked the
majority of staff on tri-
bal grounds.



BAUXITE COMPANY AIMS AT ACHIEVING EXPORT TARGET

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by Fiifi-Mensah]

[Text]

19317
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THE Ghana Bauxite
Company (GBC) at
Awaso expect to achieve.
its export target of
250,000 tonnes of Bau-
xite by the end of the
year.

‘This has become poss-
ible through the rehabili-
tation of the Western Rail
Line and the determina-
tion of the government to
revamp the bauxite in-
dustry ‘to play an effective
part in the National Reco-
very Effort.

‘he Managing Director
of the company, Mr Frank
Johnson, disclosed this
when the Western Regio-
nal Secretary, Col: (rtd) W..
Adjei Thompson, visited!
the company as part of his
three-day tour of the Sefwi

district.

He disclosed. that so far,
151,000 tonnes of bauxite
has been exported and
with the increased ability
of the Railway to move
more bauxite for shipment,
the target would be met. In
1984, only 44,000 was ex-
ported,

15

During the month of

September this year, the

company shipped a record
of 23,000 tonnes which is
an excess of its monthly
target.

Mr Johnson said the
company intends to seek
more and diversified ex-
port markets for its produ-
ce. Shipment of bauxite to
Romania would soon be
effected, he added.

The company, he said,
has initiated plans to re-
habilitate its obsolete
shipping equipment at the
Takoradi Harbour to pro-
mote quick shipments.

‘The GBC, he indicated,
is also helping the local
community with the pro-
vision of street lighting at.
Atonsu and has managed
to revive water supply to
Awaso township. |

‘The Regional Secretary
said the BNDC would
continue to give the needed
assistance to enable the
company contribute its
quota towards the Econo-
mic Recovery Programme
(ERP).

GHANA


NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT URGES INVESTIGATION INTO MACHEL DEATH
AB211633 Dakar PANA in English 1527 GMT 21 Oct 86

[Text] Lagos, 21 Oct (NAN/PANA)--Nigerian Government yesterday called for an
international investigation into the mystery surrounding the demise of Mozam—
bican President Samora Machel, who died in a plane crash on South African terri-
tory on Sunday.

The Federal Government said in a statement that "a situation where the head
of state of a country dies in a mysterious air crash within the territory of
another country, is of sufficient concern to the international community."

"There should be no stone unturned as regards the circumstances leading to the
crash," the statement said.

The government said that it was in South Africa's national interest to accept
the call for an international panel as only such an inquiry could produce a
credible report.

Expressing the profound shock and sorrow of the Nigerian people, the govern-
ment said that it was "lamentable that the life of this illustrious and
courageous son of Africa should terminate’so soon after the threat by racist
South Africa to hit at the legitimate government in’Mozambique and other
neighbouring countries on account of their support for economic sanctions
against the racists."

It would be recalled that Nigeria on 16 Oct., appealed to the five permanent
members of the UN Security Council to restrain the racist Pretoria regime
"from further action that could worsen the already volatile situation in
Mozambique and spread to other parts of southern Africa."

The appeal was made by the minister of external affairs, Bolaji Akinyemi,
during discussions he held on the security situation in Mozambique with the
heads of mission of the U.S., USSR, Britain, France, and China.

Akinyemi expressed "Nigeria's deep concern and anxiety over the security
situation in Mozambique" and urged them to use their good offices "to arrest
the situation as a matter of extreme urgency."

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NIGERIA

BRIEFS

BRITISH ARMED FORCES DELEGATION--The chief of General Staff, Rear Admiral
Augustus Aikhomu, says Nigeria will appreciate Britain's assistance in the
training of members of her armed forces. Rear Adm Aikhomu stated this today
at Dodan Barracks while receiving the British armed forces minister, John
Stanley, who is at the head.of an official delegation. Mr Stanley expressed
gratitude to the Federal Government for her hospitality to British citizens in
Nigeria. Also today at Dodan Barracks, one of the new members of the AFRC
{Armed Forces Ruling Council], Air Commodore Nuraini Yusuf, was sworn in.

Air Commodore Yusuf replaces Air Commodore Bayo Lawal, who is. now the minister
of sports and social development. [Text] [Lagos Domestic Service in English
1500 GMT 13 Oct 86 AB] /6662

AIRWAYS FACES. FUEL SHORTAGE--The Nigeria Airways could not operate most of its
scheduled flights yesterday as a result of shortage of aviation fuel. Out of
the 21 scheduled flights only three were operated. They were those of Sokoto,
Maiduguri and Port Harcourt. The Nigeria Airways is making frantic efforts
to find a solution to the problem. In a statement yesterday evening, the
Nigeria Airways said normal supply of aviation fuel would be restored today.
The statement said services would resume today on the domestic route by 1400
while international flights would come on by 1600. Meanwhile, private air-
lines are said to be operating their scheduled flights. [Text] [Lagos
Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 15 Oct 86 AB]  /6662

HIGHER INTERNATIONAL AIR FARES APPROVED--The Nigerian Government has approved
a 94 percent increase in international air fares. From the new air fare re-
gulations, an economy return fare Lagos-London-Lagos will now cost 2,700.5
naira as against the present fare of 1,392 naira. The increase followed the
recommendation of a committee set up by the government to analyze the impli-
cations of the Second Tier Foreign Exchange Market [SFEM] on the operations of
Nigeria Airways and other airlines. The increase, which takes effect from
next Wednesday, does not affect domestic air fares. The minister of trans-
port and aviation, Brigadier Jerry Useni, told newsmen in Lagos yesterday that
with the introduction of SFEM it was felt that the existing fares were no longer
realistic in the light of the volume exchange expenditure to which the national
carrier was committed in the course of its operations. Some of these areas
where foreign currencies are expended include maintenance of aircraft, over-
flying and navigational charges, landing and packing fees outside Nigeria,
fuel, and insurance premiums. Brig Useni said the fares of the interna-
tional routes were recomputed to reflect the current exchange rates in SFEM.
[Text] [Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 17 Oct 86 AB] /6662

CsO: 3400/234
48


SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO FREEDOM CONDEMNS RSA THREAT TO MOZAMBIQUE
EA130701 Addis Ababa in English to Neighboring Countries 1930 GMT 11 Oct 86
["Special program" entitled "Hands Off the Frontline States"]

[Text] [Announcer] Fellow countrymen: Events this week have once again
exposed the apartheid regime for what it really is [words indistinct] no
respect for other countries sovereignty. On Tuesday [7 October], following
the land mine that seriously injured six apartheid troops, the racists issued
deadly threats against Mozambique, saying they will hit again if the Maputo
government continues to assist ANC freedom fighters. Malan [words indistinct]
there are no ANC bases in Mozambique, but they are saying this as a prelude to
aggression against that country.

Two and a half years ago the Pretoria regime signed a non-aggression pact with
Mozambique--the pact that the racists are preparing to violate openly now.

Why are the racists behaving like this? If there are no ANC bases in these
neighboring countries, then why are they being subjected to this unprovoked
aggression? This is a question we put to comrade, Chris (Tensile) Hani, the
commissar of Umkhonto we Sizwe and member of the National Executive Committee
of the ANC.

[Hani] First [words indistinct] it is faced with the growing resistance by
the entire oppressed and exploited people. The people inside the country have
reacted to the call by the ANC to organize mass action inside the country very
very well. We have seen an unprecedented (?wave) of patriotic mass organiza-
tion inside the country. Secondly, the economy of the country is not [words
indistinct]. The economy of the country at the moment is not functioning very
well. In fact, we face a serious economic crisis whereby more than 3 million
people are unemployed, whereby [word indistinct] of the regime have had to go
and borrow from the IMF, because it can no longer generate the necessary
revenue inside the country. At the same time, because of the fact that the
enemy has had literally to fight inside the country and outside the country,
it has found that its own manpower position has had to cope with internal
problems and external problems.

And in order (?solve) its apartheid (?progressive war) inside the country, the

enemy has had to tinker with his constitutional reforms. And this attempt at
tinkering with constitutional reforms has caused also serious problems within

77



residents within their communities. The data must include the various eco-
nomic engagements of the residents. This move will also help the national
revenue secretariat to identify all revenue-generating activities for proper
assessment of tax obligations.

Suspected aliens who claim to be Ghanaians must also have their citizenship
confirmed by the community CDR, chief elders, and other parties as the

case may be. Sight should not be lost of the fact that most of these aliens,
whether black or white, sneak into the country through unauthorized entry
points, rendering it impossible for the immigration department to document their
presence.

There is no gainsaying that a lot of damage is being inflicted on the national
economy through the insidious manipulation of our resources by these aliens.
Smuggling and currency trafficking are the stock-in-trade of most of these
aliens who more often than not enter the country empty handed. The allegations
of gigantic fraud against Fattal, Dakmak, Alhaji Zalihu Maikankan, the $30
million deal by (Kupchandani), and quite recently, the over 2 billion CFA
francs duping by Alhaji Suru Tapo and others for cattle not supplied, should
make every nationalist wary of these. aliens in our community. The profuse
Ghanaian hospitality would be negative and detrimental to our growth and
development if it should give sanctuary to. crooks who have nothing to offer
the country but to siphon off the resources:of the Land.

The timber market in Accra and. the Ghana Butchers Association are virtually
dominated by aliens whose activities undermine PNDC Law 116. The shameless
greed of some Ghanaian officials in positions of. trust have helped these
illegitimate and undesirable immigrants to displace indigenous Ghanaians from
the trading activities. The JamesTown police station has such a strong affec-
tion for the alien traders at. the timber market that the police station does
not hesitate to assault and harrass Ghanaians in defense of the aliens who
rather violate the laws of the land. The reason cannot be farfetched.

The government has kept faith with the people by enacting such a progressive
law. It is the responsibility.of committed and dedicated cadres of the
revolutionary process to ensure that such laws and policies of the government
are implemented without let or ‘hindrance.

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10


SPOKESMAN DESCRIBES UDPM ACTIVITIES, CONTACTS

Nairobi DAILY NATION in-English 29 Sep 86 pp 1, 28

[Excerpt]

/9317
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JUBA, Sunday:

A former Minister in
the ousted Ugandan
government of General
Tito Okello heads a
group of ‘“‘refugees” in
this southern
Sudanese city involved
in .plotting the
overthrow of Uganda’s
President Yoweri
Museveni. .

The ex-Minister, who
although easily identifiable
was introduced to a reporter
here by a senior Sudanese
official under the alias of
Andrew Ochieng, said he was
a leading member of the:
Ugandan Democratic
People’s Movement (UDPM).
an opposition politico-
military. group set up in May:
to topple Mr Museveni.

Mr Ochieng, who asked that
his true identity not be revealed
for the security of relatives living
in Kampala, said the UDPM had
several thousand armed troops.

Most of the fighters were
former ‘soldiers of the Uganda
National Liberation Army
(UNLA), which was ousted in
January by Mr Museveni's
National Resistance Army
(NRA), he said.

He added that his movement
was in touch with formers
Ugandan President Milton
Obote, who was toppled in July
1985 by his own army and is

52

currently living in exile in the
Zambian capital, Lusaka.

He said the UDPM hoped to.
also garner support from General
Basilio Okello, the former UNLA
chief of staff who led the coup
against Mr Obote and is currently;
in Khartoum.

‘The former Minister said the
UDPM troops were active both in
northern Uganda, the ethnic
homeland of the majority of the
ex-government soldiers, as well as
in the southwest, near Mbara.

Mr Ochieng ‘said his. troops
were responsible for attacks last
August on NRA positions in the
north, notably at Gulu and in the
regions of Kitgum, Atiak and
Kaabong.

He denied Ugandan govern-/
ment accusations. that his move--
ment was receiving aid and
logistical support from Sudanese
authorities and said that fewer
than 50 of his men were currently
in Juba, located about 150
kilometres -north of the Ugandan
border. :

Meanwhile, in. an interview
published on Friday:in Kampala,
a cabinet minister ruled out the
possibility of any talks between
President Museveni’s govern-
ment and the UPDM-

In an interview in the official
New. Vision: newspaper Mini:
of State in the Prime Minister's
office Mr Eriya Kategaya said the
organisation was “composed of
criminals who: belonged to the
defeated. armies of Idi Amin, Dr
Milton Obote and Gen ‘Tito
Okello.

“Foreign interests backing
such elements want us to have a

weak government wich they can
exploit,” he said. « :

UGANDA



SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKA NER/GOVERNMENT

Nel Urges Afrikaners To Seek Alliance With Other Groups
(SAPA,; 18 Oct 86) .ccccecsccccccccceccccceeeceeceeecsenees

CP Member Condemns Security's Enslavement to Liberalism
(Gay Graser; FRONTLINE, Sep-Oct 86) .ccceccccceceecceceece

Heunis Explains Reasons for Abolishing Township
(SAPA, 17 Oct. 86) ccccececccevercceeecccesereeseeeerereses

Briefs
Government Creates New Designated Area
New Tier of Authority at Treasury
Le Grange on Independence of Gourts

BLACKS
New Government-Appointed Black Councillor to Transvaal Described
(Sekola Sello; FRONTLINE, Sep-Oct 86) ..sscceccseceeveeees
Radio Freedom Condemns RSA Threat to Mozambique
(Addis Ababa in English to Neighboring Countries,
LL Oct 86) ..ecceevccecneccveeee sete eee e weer eee eneeee
UDF Condemns Prisons Service for Detainee's Death
(SAPA, 17 Oct 86) ..cscceceecereeees
Briefs
PAC To Open Bureau in Iran
SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Political Dilemmas of Nation's Colored Community Analyzed
(Conrad Sidego, Chris Heymans; OPTIMA, No 3, Sep 86) .....

Dutch Reformed Church Changes Policy on Race Relations
(SAPA, 20 Oct 86) .eeseccccccnceccecccccncececetesesescees

Report Accepted at Synod

Document Holds Government to 'Justice'
Policy on Equal Pay, Migrants Outlined
Church Retains Internal Apartheid

Anglican Synod Galls for-Opposition to Apartheid ,
(SAPA, 11 Oct 86) .ccceceecccvccccceccnccesrcccesenseucens

Solidarity Condems Action Against UDF
(SAPA, 12 Oct 86) er

-da-

67

69

71

73

74

75

77

82

83

84

96


SOUTH AFRICA

"CP MEMBER CONDEMNS SECURITY'S ENSLAVEMENT TO LIBERALISM

Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Sep-Oct 86 p 42

[Article by Gay Graser, executive member of the Conservative Party]

[Text]

UNK and Wagnall’s Standard

Dictionary defines a liberal as

“possessing a free and generous

heart, free from narrowness, big-
otry or bondage to authority or creed”. If
ever a word has been deformed, perverted
and betrayed, it is “liberalism”.

Paradoxically, liberalism begets a form
of totalitarianism. Few liberals today want
to hear, or allow to be heard, views
differing from their own. One need go no
further than South Africa to attest to this.
Daily, the English-language Press winges
about the “gagging” which it endures at
the hands of the government.

They use cunning little catch-phrases to
tell us that they are part of a “free Press”
which is hobbied by naughty and obtuse
ogres in authority. They then say to us
that they “tell it like it is” and that they
print “the vital viewpoint”. These adver-
tising expressions are total misnomers.

With ninety percent of the English-lan-
guage Press under the SAAN/Argus
thumb, there’s precious little place for a
conservative viewpoint. Even the Citizen
is “pro-government”. There is actually no
newspaper in South Africa which refutes
“reform”. Yet there are well over a
million and a half people who are totally
against it within the white community!

As there is no conservative paper,
reporters either write what the liberals tell
them or find another job. Where’s the
“freedom of the Press” so loudly touted?
This Press goes through its daily paces
like a performing poodle, punting
“change” and “reform” without telling us

69

the dangers inherent in these concepts.

It rarely criticises the blacks, but
frankly, whites can do no ‘right and are
constantly urged to “distribute the
wealth”, “talk to the blacks” and “change
before it’s too late!”

My criticism of liberals is that most of
them do not live up to their name.

They are disdainful, intolerant and dan-
gerous. Liberals and liberal causes are
rarely short of money.

They live in nice houses and drive nice
cars. They are concerned and want dia-
logue with the blacks (What about? Sur-
render of power? The redistribution of lib-
eral wealth?)

Yet there are no liberal blacks. Blacks
don’t pretend — they’re dictators by
nature and tradition, or subservient,
depending how they are placed in the
pecking order. They don’t believe in shar-
ing power, not even inter-tribally. They
certainly don’t share their wealth with
their own kind. They are pragmatic,
nationalistic and they’re having a good
laugh at the poor liberal who is actually
ready to do himself in for a cause which is
inimical to his survival.

Liberals demand freedom of informa-
tion. Yet our South African bookshops
(mostly controlled by Big Business) have
great gaps in “information”. Where can
we find a book by David Irving, or Nesta
Webster, or even poor old Gary Allen?
Do we have to read what Tony Bloom
thinks we ought to read?

The most vociferous protagonists of
“freedom” (after the noisy unwashed) are



MOZAMBIQUE

INDIAN NAVY SHIP VISITS MAPUTO
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Sep 86 p 1

[Text] The "Godavari," a frigate of the Indian navy, has been in the port
of Maputo since Sunday. It is on a courtesy and friendship visit to our
country. On Monday night there was a reception on board at which were
present many guests, including the minister of Transport and Communications,
Alcantara Santos, the commandant of the Air Force, Hama Thai, and the
Indian ambassador to Mozambique, Alfred Vaz.

The "Godavari" is the first of a class of frigates equipped with missiles,
and was entirely designed and built in India. It is 125.6 meters long, with
a beam of 14.5 meters, and a maximum capacity of 3,000 tons.

According to the.commander of the ship, Milind Karnik, the ship's weaponry,
its detection devices, and its other equipment are imported and assembled in
India. It is equipped with sea-to-sea and sea-to-air missiles of medium and
short range, as well as anti-submarine torpedoes. One of its remarkable
characteristics is that it is the smallest ship in the world able to operate
and maintain two large helicopters, said the commander.

The "Godavari" takes its name from an important river of central India, and
it is the second ship of the Indian navy to bear the name. In addition to
the commander, the ship has a crew of 34 officers and 350 enlisted men.

Captain Milind Karnik was born in 1943, and has been in the Indian navy for
20 years.

Prior to arriving at Maputo, the warship was in Russia, Algeria, the Azores,
the U.S., Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Guiana, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and
Angola. It will visit the Seychelles next. The ship left India on 9 May and
will return to home port on 1 October.

The commander told our reporter that both he and the rest of the crew found
Maputo to be a very interesting city. He laid a memorial wreath at the
Mozambican Heroes Monument yesterday morning.

Ambassador Alfred Vaz pointed out that the "Godavari," en route from Angola to
Mozambique had had to make a great detour in order to avoid the territorial
waters of South Afica, since India has no diplomatic or commercial relations
with the "apartheid" regime.

12857/9869

C80: | 3442/4 24


SOUTH AFRICA

NEL URGES AFRIKANERS TO SEEK ALLIANCE WITH OTHER GROUPS
MB181625 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1618 GMT 18 Oct 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Oct 18, SAPA--It was no longer necessary for the
Afrikaner of today to live in exclusivity (eksklusiviteit), the deputy min-
ister of information, Mr Louis Nel, said tonight.

The Afrikaner no longer required legislation to ensure his existence as a
separate people, and it was no longer necessary for the Afrikaner to "prove"
himself, he said.

Mr Nel, who was speaking at a function where he received the newsmaker of the
year award of the Afrikaanse Studente Persunie [Afrikaans Student Press Union]
(ASPU), said that whereas in the past it had become necessary for the
Afrikaner "to form laager" as a nation, this was no longer necessary for the
Afrikaner's survival.

At the same time, "forming a laager’ could be. counter-productive for the
Afrikaner people. "It could even be dangerous," he said.

No one disputed the existence of the Afrikaner nation. From around the world,
daily accounts, to the good or to the bad, were being written of the
Afrikaner, he said.

"No one will take our language away from us. No one will take our own culture
away from us," Mr Nel said.

Only by neglect, could the Afrikaner allow his cultural heritage to be taken
away from him.

Mr Nel said the various population groups in South Africa "have so much in
common."

"The time has come for us to acknowledge the common ground among us all, to
articulate it and to build on it," he said.

67



The Uganda Club is charging 30,000/- a night for each of the 100 Libyans
sleeping on the floor.

The Club also is charging 2m/- for broken plates and glasses and other
damage but can show no evidence remaining of damage.

They are also charging 7.5m/- for 155 crates of soda. Unfortunately, they
did not get the Libyans to sign any chits for the soda or for the meals,
unlike other institutions putting up the Libyans.

There are also no chits for the meals served which makes it difficult to
ascertain how many people actually ate.

The general manager of the Uganda Club, itself a government institution,
has said to the government that it was 'a proposed invoice’ and subject to
negotiation, He also said that under. such pressure of the Libyan visit,
staff were not computers and were liable to error. He has suggested a
meeting between the Uganda Club management, the President's Office and the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The bill for the Libyans at Makerere University is expected to be just over
20m/-.

"The Uganda Club was just not that crowded during the Libyan visit," said
one official. They cannot sit 800 at a time at the Uganda Club. They do
not have the capacity to do so."

He said the Police might be asked to investigate the affair.

(9317
cso: 3400/225

60


ANGOLAN COOPERATION: PETROLEUM, FISHING HIGHLIGHTED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 4 Oct 86 pp 1, 5

[Article by Karl Botchway]

[Text]

THE protocol of the
concluding proceedings
of the third session of
the Ghana-Angola Per-
manent Joint Commis-
sion has emphasised the
need for co-operation in
the. petroleum industry
in both countries.

In this regard, it is being
proposed -that the two
countries should share ex-
periences, exchange data
and. relevant information
on seismic interpretation,
reservoir geology and engi-
neering amongst other is-
sues.

The protocol has also
rade it possible for in-
creased co-operation in the
areas of agriculture, in-
dustry, fisheries, trade, air
transport, health, labour
and social welfare, cult
social affairs, trainin;
information,

The protocol called for
the establishment of two
sub-committees on socio-
cultural, economic and
trade matters,

‘The sub-committee on
socio-cultural matters
called for a programme of
cultural co-operation bet-
ween the two countries for
the year 1987-90.

Following these pro-
grammes of cultural co-

/9317
CSO: 3400/210

operation; the Angolan’
Pe tosend nel
to Ghana to perfect their
rofessional skills ‘in the
field of labour inspection.

Also contained in the
protocol of pruceedings
was the desire by the An-
golans to send students on
Ghana scholarships to the
country for training in se-
veral fields. hh

in this respect, the pro-
tocol requested Ghana to
furnish Angola with docu-
ments on the system of
education in Ghana as well
as detailed information on
offer of: scholarships.

On'health, the Angolans
reiterated their earlier po-
sitions in the previous ses-
sion to receive a medical
team, share experiences in
the field of primary health
care and control of serious
‘communicable diseases.

Also as part of the cul-

tural co-operation, it is
contained in the protocol
that there should be ex-
change of films, news
agency materials, visits
between Ghanaian journa-
lists and their Angolan
counterparts.

On economic and trade
co-operations, the protocol
noted in particular the be-
nefits of mutual assistance

17

in the fishing industry.

Ghana thus ‘requested
for fishing rights in
Angolan waters initially
for ten in-shore vessels and
ten deep-sea refrigerated
trawlers. ‘

Furthermore, Ghana
proposed to send a team.of
experts to assist in assess-
ing the state of the fishin
industry in Angola and
identify the requirements
for rehabilitating the fish-
ing infrastructure.

Ghana also offered. to
train Angolans oni board its
fishing vessels with the
view to preparing them for
entry to the Regional Ma-
vitime Academy in Ghana.

‘On - agricultural , co-
operation, both countriés
proposed to share the ex-
periences of Ghana in the
cultivation of foodstuffs
and cereals. The protocol
also called for co-operation
in industrial development.

On Air transport facili.
ties, Ghana proposed for.
the re-establishment of al
air link between the tw
countries and in this con-
nection, a copy of the
Ghana draft air-services;
agreement was submitted,

for study.
The Angolan side took

GHANA

note of the proposals and
protnised to indicate their
reaction within 90 days.
‘The protocol on the pro-
ceedings of the session was
signed for Ghana by Dr E.
G. A. Don-Arthur, Chaii
man of the State Commit-
tee for Economic Co-

-operation whilst Comrade

Domingos,. Evaristo
member of the. MPLA
Workers Party and Mi-
nister of Agriculture of
Angola signed for his
country.
., In a brief address after
the signing ceremony, Dr
Don-Arthur noted that the
protorol represented a mi-
lestone in the quest for
economic co-operation and
signified the determination
to stabilise our political
independence through
economic co-operation.
» Mr Domingos Evaristo
on his part, acknowledged
with gratitude, the warm
reception accorded his de-
legation and noted that
the third session marked a
new epoch in the economic
co-operation between both
countries,



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ELECTORAL PROCESS ENTERS NEW PHASE--The country's electoral process entered a
new phase with the election of thousands of deputies in various localities
of all the districts of our provinces in appreciation of work done to date.
In order to supervise and support.the process, highly placed directors of
the Frelimo party and of state government were to be found in various
provinces. Marcelino dos Santos, Secretary of the Permanent Commission of
the People's Assembly, is in Cabo Delgado. Oscar Monteiro, President of

the National Commission for Elections, is in Sofala province to work there
and in Manica, while Fernando Ganhao, Chief of the National Cabinet for the
Organization of Elections is in Quelimane, capital of the province of
Zambezia, Rui Baltazar, member of the Permanent Commission of the People's
Assembly, is in Lichinga. Meanwhile, from all points in the country, north
and south, we are told that the process has been carried out with great
success, in spite of the fact that difficulties have been created in several
places by armed bandits. The enthusiasm and performance of the people in
choosing their representatives will allow the election process to be completed
on.time in almost all of the provinces,.and all steps are being taken to
move on to elections at the district level. In the picture shown, taken

at Imbiligire in Nampula,.a way was devised to keep track of the number of
voters, After having. proven their identity at the entrance, each citizen
who was eligible to vote deposited a bean in the basket used for that
purpose. The number of beans was then counted as a means of computing the
number of voters [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Sep 86 p 1] 12857/9869

CATTLE PERISH IN DROUGHT--Thousands of cattle have perished in recent years in
various parts of our country, and particularly in the province of Gaza, as a
result of the prolonged drought that has affected Africa, and Mozambique in
particular, Reports from Gaza indicate that in certain areas of the interior
of the province, such as Chicualacuala, it has not rained for five years.

So the cattle have neither the grasses they need as food, nor water to drink.
Every effort has been made to minimize the effects of the drought, among them
the campaign launched by the Gaza government to transfer cattle from high
country to low, where there exists a bit of water, and, as a result, grass.
Representatives of the Lutheran World Federation Church met with the governor
of Gaza, Francisco Pateguana, last Friday in the Chokwe district. They
inspected a site where cattle had died in a small pond as a result of

not being able to climb out after drinking the water. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS
in Portuguese 16 Sep 86 p 1] 12857/9869

34



UGANDA

HEALTH AUTHORITIES LAUNCH AIDS CONTROL PROGRAM
Campaign Follows Survey
Kampala THE STAR in English 1 Oct 86 pp 1, 5

[Text] Uganda's health. authorities and Kampala City Council have announced
a plan to introduce measures aimed at tackling any threat from the killer,
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) disease.

KCC Town Clerk Mr Ssessanga-Mivule has disclosed in an interview with THE
STAR that the Health Minister, Dr Ruhakana-Rugunda, is due to launch an
AIDS control programme at the City Hall tomorrow.

The launching of the campaign was prompted by evidence that AIDS had
alarmingly reached Kampala. The Ministry of Health and the City Council
Public Health Committee will jointly launch an immediate campaign against
AIDS in the country and Kampala in particular.

Ssessanga-Mivule and the City Council Medical Officer of Health in charge
of this programme, Dr Kakembo-Luberenga, explained to THE STAR that the
campaign emanated from the proceedings of the National AIDS Surveillance
Committee which was set up by the Ministry of Health and on which Kampala
City Council is represented by Dr Kakembo-Luberenga.

He explained that KCC, as an authority on public health within the City,
was very much concerned and must take action about this deadly disease.

The chairman of the campaign committee, Dr Kakembo-Luberenga, said the
national objective of the campaign would be explained country-wide for the
benefit of all Ugandans.

He said all medical superintendents, doctors, AIDS Surveillance Committee
members, heads of educational institutions, resistance council chairman
and members, community health workers, religious leaders and youth leaders
must all be actively involved in the campaign.

54


MOZAMBIQUE

FAMINE THREATENS 100,000 IN MAGUDE DISTRICT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 17 Sep 86 p 1

[Text] Approximately 100,000 people continue to exist under conditions of
extreme hunger in the Magude district of Maputo province.

This situation has been caused by calamities of nature and by the actions of
armed bandits.

The drought conditions that have existed for more than.5 years, the "Demoina"
depression of 1984, and the floods of February 1985 have made it impossible
for the local population to make use of the land for subsistence purposes.

As.a result, and as has been true of other regions similarly affected,
governmental efforts and international aid are the only hope for the people
of Magude, who are traditionally noted for farming and the raising of dairy
cattle.

Crisscrossed by irregular rivers--the Nkomati, Maitondo, Wanetze, and
Mazimchope--all of which have their headwaters in South Africa, Magude is
one of the most distressed districts in Maputo province. If it does not
rain in the next few months, the region may experience a total shortage of
water, even for drinking purposes.

All of the rivers are completely dry. In Padjane, for example, an
administrative center with more than 5,000 inhabitants, only three wells with
depths greater than 50 meters serve as the water supply for the people and
their herds.

The same is true in the areas to the north--Manjakule, Mapulanguene,
Matsandzane, Macaéne, Motasse and Honwana--through which pass the Wanetze
and Mazimchope rivers.

According to local statistics, of the 150,000 head of cattle in the district
in 1980, only 75,000 have survived to 1985. Local authorities estimate that
the death rate may rise this year.

The drought and flood sequence, with torrential rains that destroy everything

but do nothing to alleviate the drought, have coincided with the terrorist
actions of the armed bandits; in 1982, when they were confronted with

20



humiliation to which we have
referred earlier. Its political
effects were to strip them of their
voting rights and to place them in
institutions which presumably
served to “accommodate” them
— but which in reality were all
without effective political
power.
A prominent — and moderate
— coloured personality,
Professor Richard van der Ross,
summarized the frustration of
always being treated on the basis
of one’s colour, when he wrote in
his book “Myths and Attitudes’:

“It is evidence of the
paternalism and poor insight
into the feelings and thoughts of
coloured people that there is
often reference to a coloured
preacher, a coloured sportsman
or a coloured educator. We
would not dream of referring to
Gary Player as a white golfer, to
Dr. Koot Vorster as a white
minister or to Professor Chris
Barnard as a white heart
surgeon. Why then this
preoccupation with colour if
the person is not white?”

The process of interaction
which gave birth to the
“coloureds” naturally shaped
their social nature in a peculiar
manner. The original cultural
traditions of the respective
groups that were inter-acting
with each other could not escape
the assimilative effects of that
interaction. A form of social
“teconstruction” took place.

Amidst this process of
reconstruction, they were never
entirely ousted from the
dominant Anglo-Dutch culture.
Yet their access to it has always
remained limited. Given the
racial premises of the dominant

‘87

culture, as well as its economic
interests, this hesitant
accommodation of the marginal
group came as no surprise.
Containment of other contenders
for the wealth of society seemed
a logical objective for those in the

dominant culture.

As a result, the coloured
people found themselves partly
assimilated into the dominant
culture, yet also partly excluded
from it. This had a significant
impact on their political status. It
manifested itself in particular
after the National Party victory of
1948. Although never destined to
have an own “homeland”, as the
apartheid dogma envisaged for
Africans, the coloureds
experienced a peculiar process of
exclusion. The governments of
Malan and Strijdom suffered
through a constitutional crisis —
but did not lose their
determination to oust their
cultural “half-brothers” from
the political institutions of the
state.

After the failure of two
alternative “accommodative
bodies”, the Coloured People’s
Council and the Coloured
People’s Representative Council,
a process of re-incorporation was
initiated when the Erika Theron
Commission recommended
reforms of South Africa’s
political structures. But, as had
been the case in the past, such
incorporation was limited too. It
seemed to perpetuate the

marginal political position of the
coloureds in South Africa’s
world of establishment politics.
Even now, with parliamentary
representation obtained, their
institutional power status
remains at the mercy of the white
National Party. The coloured
leaders in the tri-cameral system



Judge Termed ‘Arbitrary’
Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 4 Oct 86 p 14

{Text] Mr Arnold said the third session of the Constitutional Council
started on April 14 this year, still with Mr Justice Hiemstra as chairman.
The session was devoted to provincial demarcation. During this session,
it became clear that Mr Justice Hiemstra had changed his plans, and that he
now held the opinion that this country was too small for provinces. His
attitude now was that provincial demarcation was no longer necessary apart
from the purposes of electing members to the central government on a
proportionate basis.

This change of mind on the
part of Mr Justice Hiemstra
was obviously in conflict with
the decision by the constitu-'
tional Council in respect of!
the form of government, as.
resolved at the second ses-
sion. It was at this third ses-
sion, Mr -Arnold said, that
more and more members of
the Constitutional Council
raised their voices in protest,
stating that before a form of
government was arrived at,
the existing political and con-
stitutional dispensation must!
be investigated, j

Mr Arnold accused Mrj
Justice Hiemstra of simply ig-!
noring the opinions of a
growing number of members:
who thought the correct step
was first an investigation of
the present forms of govern-;
ment in existence, and then to
go over to discussing ad-
justments or new dispensa-
tions. :

Mr Arnold accused Mr
Justice Hiemstra. of showing
no interest in the existing
political and constitutional
models, and neither did he
heed the provisions of thé
Act on the Constitutional

Council. Mr Arnold remark-
ed bitingly in his affidavit
that once Mr Justice:
Hiemstra supported a specific
point of view, he always ap-"
pointed an expert to give
testimony before the Con-
stitutional Council with a
view to gaining support for.
his point of view. But never, !
said Mr Arnold, did Mr
Justice Hiemstra call on an
expert to testify before a
plenary session of the Con-i
stitutional Council in respect!
cF points of view opposed to
his own. .
To date, no investigation
iito the present systems had
been carried Gut, but
throughout the sessions held
so far by the Constitutional
Council, time was devoted to
a new form of government.
At one stage, Mr Riruako,
the president of . the

Democratic Turnhalle
Alliance remarked to
Mr Justice Hiemstra:
Mr Chairman, I think
we have put the cart
before the horse.

Mr Arnold said in his submission, Mr Justice Hiemstra, as chairman of the
Constitutional Council had acted in conflict right from the start with the
prescriptions laid down by law, not only in the Act on the Constitutional
Council, but also in conflict with the provisions of the Bill of Funda-
mental Human Rights, known as Proclamation R 101.

41



SOUTH AFRICA

UDF CONDEMNS PRISONS SERVICE FOR DETAINEE'S DEATH
MB170638 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0051 GMT 17 Oct 86

[Text] East London, 6 Oct, SAPA--The border branch of the United Democratic
Front [UDF] has expressed "deep anger" at the death in prison on October 5 of
a Queenstown branch member of the Detainees Support Committee, Mr Mbuyiselo
Songelwa.

In a statement signed by the general secretary of the border branch, the

Rev A.M. Stofile, the UDF said the South African Prisons Services had alleged
that Mr Songelwa had died after an asthma attack, although the UDF had infor-
mation from Mr Songelwa's cell mates that he died of a heart attack suffered
on Friday, October 3.

Although numerous attempts by his cell mates to alert the authorities were
made, he was only attended on Saturday afternoon, when he was taken from his
cell, the statement said.

The liaison officer of the South African Prisons Services, Lt Col A. van Vuuren,
has denied that no attention was given to Mr Songelwa, who reported a possible
asthma attack only on Sunday, October 5. Col van Vuuren today denied that

Mr Songelwa or any of his cellmates had reported that Mr Songelwa suffered any
ailment on October 3. He said Mr Songelwa had received regular medical atten-
tion for his ailment. He had also been admitted to the Frere Hospital for
treatment after an asthma attack. He added that Mr Songelwa died on the
morning, October 5 on the way to hospital after he reported the suspected
asthma attack.

Col van Vuuren said it was customary with all cases of deaths in prison that
a departmental inquiry was conducted. The department was prepared to cooper-
ate to the full if an inquest was held, he added.

17358
cso: 3400/224

82


UGANDA

GOVERNMENT RECEIVES BILL FOR LODGING OF LIBYANS
Kampala NEW VISION in English 3 Oct 86 pp 1, 12

[Text] The President's Office and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs have
clashed with the Uganda Club over a bill for the accommodation of Libyans
which they allege includes large amounts of ‘air.’

The Libyans were part of the entourage of Colonel Muammar Ghadaffi during
his visit to Uganda between September 5 and September 9. Over 300 people
accompanied the Libyan leader of whom roughly half were billeted at the
Uganda Club in Kampala.

The shock started when the government received a bill on September 10 for
197,297,000/- from the Uganda Club for the accommodation and feeding of
the Libyans from September 3 onwards.

Even so, the bill was incorrectly added up and if Club management had
totalled all the items shown the bill would have amounted to 231m/-.

Several items are hotly disputed but none more than the actual number of
guests who were fed. For instance, on the September 8 the Uganda Club has
charged for 850 lunches, a figure that appears to be based on the number
of Libyans rumoured to be in Uganda rather than the number actually dining
at the Club. The cost at 25,000/- a head was 21,250,000/-.

On September 5, the day the Libyans actually arrived, the Uganda Club has
charged for 500 teas and 250 dinners. Yet that day the government only took
three busloads of Libyans there, with each bus holding less than 40 people.

Even allowing foriguards, the NRA soldiers staying at the Club, it appears
unlikely that more than 150 people could have been there.

The Libyans occupied over 20 double rooms but the majority of them slept
in the main building on the floor. Mattresses and bedding were provided
by the Ministry of Defense but the Libyans did not have towels or toilet
facilities and had to use hosepipes to wash.

59



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PAC TO OPEN BUREAU IN IRAN--The Pan-African Congress of Azania (PAC) is
to open a bureau in Iran in the former South African embassy in Tehran.
[Text][Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 27 Sep 86 p 7]/12828

CSO: 3400/175

83



As can be seen, the joint project on the Sable and Nkomati rivers covers

a broad segment of the socio-economic infrastructure of the Moamba district.
The program for the two rivers could create jobs for 24,000 workers in
development projects over an area of 30,000 hectares, with a surface
potential as large as 213,000 hectares.

The EEC committed to the projects a year ago, and. they are already under way,
according to our source, and the IAF plans to provide foreign "know-how"
to lend technical assistance and install equipment under a two-year plan.

"As for the rest of the plan," said the representative from the ministry of
agriculture, "it will proceed with the help of other countries, organizations,
and funding entities, and at the center is the utilization and improvement

of the land as the basis for the elimination of hunger, the accumulation of
wealth, and the opening of new horizons in international cooperation."

In one of our recent editions, the secretary of state for irrigation had
announced efforts already taken by our government, in cooperation with
overseas entities, aimed at succeeding in. the fight against hunger among our
people through the creation of new and diverse work. stations in the rural zones
for those who in the future want to share in the dividends of the land.

Thus, the Muratori and.Cementisti Cooperative and BONIFICA, two Italian firms
that are involved individually and on a joint venture basis with projects in
our country, are at work now in some parts of the Umbeluzi, Sable-Nkomati, and
Manhica-Marracuene regions.

It is planned that about 75,000 families will inhabit the population centers
that are to be constructed in the Alto Umbeluzi, Medio Umbeluzi, Baixo
Umbeluzi, Sable-Nkomati, and Marracuene-Manhica valleys, and on the Maputo
River in Salamanga.

In all of these projects the efforts of the irrigation authority have been
central in providing professional training for local citizens who will
participate in the execution of the projects.

12857/9869
cso: 3442/4

28



"We Are Brothers-~We Speak the Same Language"

At the conclusion of the congress, Jonas Savimbi honored the Portuguese guests
with a banquet followed by a cultural performance. At that banquet, the
chairman of UNITA pointed out that this was the first time a congress had been
attended by a Portuguese delegation made up of people who were not reporters.
He emphasized: "And it did not happen by chance." And he asked all those
present not to make any more disparaging remarks about the Portuguese.

Savimbi continued: "The fact that you are here is proof that not all
Portuguese think the same way: it is proof that not all Portuguese are friends
of UNITA's enemies."

Then, in a symbolic gesture of reconciliation with Portugal, he asked his
sister, who was in the audience, to go greet one of the members of the
Portuguese delegation. He concluded by saying: "We all speak the same
language."

Next came the cultural performance, followed by a ball which was opened by
Jonas Savimbi and his wife and which continued into the early morning hours.

11798
CSO: 3442/14


for approval to the National Assembly by January 12 next year. Such a
step would be in conflict with the provisions of the Act on the Constitu-
tional Council. It was embodied in law that a draft constitution in
conflict with the provisions of the Act on the Constitutional Council could
not be submitted to the inhabitants of the country. Mr Arnold said his
application was an urgent one. It was in the interests of the inhabitants
of the country that the constitution must be compiled as soon as possible,
leading to independence. Therefore, it was of compelling necessity that
the Constitutional Council resumed its work in a proper manner, and
concluded its assignment likewise. .

/9317
csO: 3400/202

43



Later on, he denied that UNITA had been established by South Africa: "It was
established in 1965 to wage an anticolonial war that has nothing to do with
the situation currently prevailing in this part of southern Africa."

Countries Having Closer Relations With South Africa Than UNITA

"UNITA has relations with South Africa in the same way that Mugabe does.
Mugabe complained 2 days ago that the South Africans were thinking of closing
their trade mission in Harare. The same thing is happening in other countries
such as Zambia, Zaire, Malawi, Lesotho, and Swaziland. In my opinion, all
those countries have closer economic and political relations with South Africa
than UNITA does. Why is it that some people are trying to establish two
standards of behavior in relation to South Africa?"

As for the accusation that UNITA is preventing operation of the Benguela
Railway over a distance of 1,500 kilometers from the border with Zambia and
Zaire to the port of Lobito, he recalled that that rail line had been closed
in 1975 and 1976 during the civil war: "a man named Franco Nogueira, who was
chairman of the Benguela Railway for the Portuguese, said 3 days ago that even
if there were no war, it would still take years to get the railroad operating
again. I repeat: if there were no war."

Getting back to South Africa, he emphasized that UNITA had always declared its
opposition to apartheid, but that "President Botha is striving to dismantle
apartheid. We cannot exert pressure on him."

"Arrogant" Behavior by Front Line Countries

Concerning the invitation issued to President Ronald Reagan by the chairman of
the MPLA, along with the Reverend Jesse Jackson and former Ambassador Andrew
Young, to visit Angola and Africa, Savimbi said during the question—and-answer
period that he considers it "an act of insolence to tell a superpower and a
friendly country, which the United States is, what it must or must not do. If
the front line states want to meet with President Reagan to put pressure on
him, it strikes me that putting pressure on a man who is giving them food and
money is not a sensible approach. How can you put pressure on a man when you
are asking him for food and money? And I think it is arrogant to say that
President Reagan must come to Africa. If anybody wants to see him, let them
go see him, but they should not ask him to come to Africa. It is also
arrogant to ask him to come to Luanda, where there is no security for the
President of the United States."

Commenting on the conduct of the front line countries, Savimbi said:

"I don't believe that the front line countries have any role to play unless
they want to contribute to peace. Which are the front line countries as far
as Angola is concerned? As far as Angola is concerned, our front line state
is Zambia. If the Zambians join with the Zairians and other peoples, we may
find a solution. But what makes Tanzania a front line state? It is one only
for the purpose of causing confusion and difficulties. We feel that Tanzania
does not belong to our area."



respect ‘of “a constitutional
blueprint which could serve.
‘as .a guideline to the in-*
dependence of the country. {
Mr Arnoid said it was his
submission that the Constitu-
tional Council was compelled
with immediate effect as
from January 13 this year,
when it met for the first time,
to first investigate the existing
constitutional dispensation in
South West Africa in order to |

make the compulsory recom-
mendations in terms of Arti-
cle 4 of the Act on the Consti-
tutional Council to the

Cabinet of the Transitional’ -

Government: It was his :sub- |
mission, Mr Arnold said, that
the Constitutional Council
was compelled to first submit
a constitution to the Cabinet
of the Transitional Govern- :
ment. This constitution must i
comply with the provisions of !
Articlé 3 of the Act on the
Constitutional Council, and
‘must not infringe on the

fundamental rights as con-
tained in’ Proclamation
R101, ee
"Mr ‘Arnold argued in
affidavit that no attention
had been given by the Con-
stitutional Council to the pre-
sent constitutional dispensa-
tion. On the contrary, the
Constitutional Council had
given attention to new: blue-
prints without meeting the
first requirement as ordained
by law — to investigate the
existing dispensation. Mr Ar-
nold gave a lengthy definition
of the existing constitutional
dispensation, and said this
comprised the legislative
authority of the State Presi-
dent of South Africa and the
Parliament of that country in
accordance with the Act on
the Constitution of South
West Africa - Act 39 of 1968.

It also comprised. thé Repre-|
sentative Authorities of the
various population groups as
defined in Proclamation
AG 8 of 1980. Each of these

Representative Authorities,!
Mr Arnold said, had its. own
legislative assembly and ex-

definition of existing con-
stitutional dispensation that
before tampering with new
constitutional blueprints, the
Constitutional Council must i
first examine traditional !
tribal government systems,
including their judiciary. He
pointed to the case of
Rehoboth, and said this
region was functioning in ac-
cordance with the Act on
self-government for
Rehoboth — Act 56 of 1976. -

He reminded the ‘country
in his affidavit that the:
municipal government:
system, as well as the Board:
for Peri-Urban Development, ;
and certain other advisory
boards must likewise be con-:
sidered first by the Constitu-;
tional Council before con-'
templating any new
blueprints.

In his submission investigation meant that the Constitutional Council was
compelled to first consider the efficiency and acceptability of the various
government systems in existence in South West Africa. It was the assignment
of the Constitutional Council to establish to what extent existing institu-
tions must be retained or readjusted in order to meet with the objectives
of the Constitutional Council.

Mr Arnold submitted that the investigation as embodied in the provisions
of the Act on the Constitutional Council also laid down the directive that
the Constitutional Council must hold discussions and interviews with the
leaders of the different population groups. It was an important aspect

of the existing constitutional dispensation that much of it was based.on
the provisions of Proclamation AG 8. Such discussions, Mr Arnold argued,
were even more imperative with the Ovambo-speaking section, because these
people were not only numerically the biggest group, but they did not enjoy
ample representation in the Constitutional Council.

Mr Arnold said in his affidavit that in his opinion the Constitutional
Council had not met in the least the provisions of the Act in as far as
that body had to investigate the existing political and constitutional
dispensation. The Constitutional Council was composed of representatives
of various political parties with diversified political points of view.
It was therefore even more imperative for the Constitutional Council to
strictly meet the requirements in respect of a chairman.

37



PACT TO EXPLOIT TANO BASIN OLL SIGNED

Accra GHANATAN TIMES in English 3 Oct 86 p 1

[Article by Francis Kotutse]

[Text]

/9317
CSO: 3400/211

HE Government yesterday

signed an agreement under
which Petro-Canada Interna
tional Assistance Corporation
(PCIAC) will provide 385
million Canadian dollars . grant
to help drill 25. shallow wells
in the Tano Basin in the West-
ern Region. .

‘Drilling and seismic acquisi.
tion will also be carried out in
close .co-ordination and consul.
tation with the Ghana. National
Petroleum: Corporation. .

In an address, Mrs Theresa
Owusu, Under-Secretary for
Fuel-and Power, remarked that
issues probed during the nego
tiation of the agreement was
not “to cast doubts on the good
faith of PCIAC or the Canadian
Government”,

She- said: “Development in
volves: sacrifices om our part,
and aid giving also involves a
sacrifice on the people who
pay taxes to set up the grant”,

All the probing, whether
legal, financial or other issues
“is to create an understanding
of issues such that the future
acceptability of tne agreement
is left in no doubt”, he added.

Mr Peter M. ‘Towe, Chairman
of PCIAC, said the ‘agreement
marked another stage in co-
operation between Canada and
Ghana.

He stated that, finance for
‘the project was under grant
basis to assist Third World
countries develop hydro-carbons
to reduce their dependeuse on
foreign exchange.

16

GHANA



COUNTERTRADE TO EXPAND FOREIGN TRADE BASE

GHANA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Oct 86 pp 1, 4

[Article by Victoria Odoi]

[Text]

GHANA is to concen-
trate her barter or
counter trading activi~
ties on seven main non-
traditional export com-
modities. to“expand her
foreign trade base.
‘These are knock-down
furniture, salt, copra, pi-
neapple, marine products
liquid ‘petroleum, gas and
aluminium products.

Already. some of these
products are being export-
ed and it is expected that
they will soon gain accep-
tability.

‘This was disclosed by Mr
Ato Ahwoi, PNDC Secre-

‘tary to the Revenie Se-

cretariat during a call on.
him by the visiting British
Chamber of Commerce
and Industry trade mission
led by Mr Jolin L. Dorrell
in Accra yesterday. ~

Mr Ahwoi, who jis also
the acting Secretary for
Trade.and Tourism ho-
wever said: Ghana will
want to depert from the
practice where the
country's traditional ex-
ports are exchanged for
consumer goods. :

Instead, the country: will
want to receive for her
barter trade equipment for
construction and produc-
tive work. '

The Secretary pointed

19317
cso: 3400/210

out that though there are
other untapped areas, the
seven products have been
chosen’ because the
cquntty already has the
production base and only
needs to gear herself to-
wards massive production.

With particular referen-
ce to the salt and fruit
canning industry, the Se-
eretary said the only limi-
tation on the former is
suitable transportation sy-
stem from the salt, mining,
areas whilst avenues are
being explored for paper.
packaging of fruit drinks to
cut down cost.

“Mr Ahwoi also drew the
attentionfoffthe mission to
the government's determi-
nation to improve upon
the hotel: husiness and
tourism to gene-
rate revenue,

In this vein, he said fa~
yourable conditions have
been made in the,Invest-
ment Code for investors
not only in the hotel busi-
ness but all sectors of the
economy. -

‘The mission also called
on Mr Kwame Peprah, Se-
cretary for Transport and
Communications and had
extensive discussions on
railways rehabilitation, te-
lecommunications,dome-
stic air transport and port
facilities. ,

1

During: the discussions,
Mr Peprah stated that
Ghana has lacked behind
in modern telecommuni-
cation and is therefore giv-
ing it priority in the second
phase of the Economic

ecovery Programme.

‘And as a beginning, the
Posts and Telecommuni-
cations Corporation has
started rehabilitation of
underground cables and
replacement of: obsolete
machines with the assi-
stance of the World Bank:

The Secretary also
disclosed that an agree-.
ment between.Ghana and
Canada is undefway for.
feasibility studies for the
construction of air strips in,
thé northern part of the
country far easy commu-"
nication. °

On port facilities, the
Secretary indicated that
his ministry has plans to
buy $24 million worth of
port handling equipment:
within the next two years
to improve on their effi-
ciency.

‘The 14-member mission!
is made up of representati-
ves from manufacturing
companies producing a
wide range of materials
and industrial equipments:

The team is expected to;
visit Kumasi for two days.



Commentary Sees 'Totalitarian Cancer' in Politics
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 14 Oct 86) .....--

FFP Leader Warns Nation Facing ‘Moment of Decision!
(SAPA, 13 Oct 86) sscecececeeenceececcescserseeees

Commentary Urges Compromise in Angola, Mozambique
(Johannesburg International Service, 15 Oct 86) sescecevee

Stellenbosch Students Divided Over Black Rule
(SAPA, 15 Oct 86) wcveeveecececccesecevceccveccevcucceeees

Commentary on Need To Resist Mozambique 'Militarization'
(Johannesburg International Service, 16 Oct 86) .s.eeweeee

Idasa Regional Office To Open
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Oct 86) wevceececcececccescrcuccccvcsesees

Briefs
Black Sash Supports Black Parents

ECONOMIC

Finance Minister Reports Debt Payments Satisfactory
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 7 Oct 86) csssecsseeeevees

Lowveld Farmers Support Ban on Mozambican Workers
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 13 Oct 86) .seceeeseeeeere

Briefs
Electricity Price Rise
Botha Announces Financial Management Program
Foreign Debt Repayments Postponed

/9987

100
101
102
103

104

105
106

107
107
108



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ELECTRICITY PRICE RISE--ESCOM [Electricity Supply Commission] has announced
in Johannesburg that the price of electricity will increase by.12 percent on
1 January next year. It says there will be no further increases next year.
The chairman of ESCOM, Mr John Maree, told a news conference that if the
annual inflation rate remained at 15 percent, it was planned to hold. in-
creases to 10 percent a year in 1988 and 1989. He said ESCOM was having suc-
cess in keeping price increases below the inflation rate. This he attributed
to stricter control by the ESCOM management team, pruning of working and
capital expenditure, and increased.efficiency. Mr Maree. said the 12 percent
tariff increase meant that ESCOM would have to go to South African capital
markets for loans of R2,792 million. Because of South Africa's debt stand-
still, it was not possible for ESCOM to float loans on overseas markets.

Mr Maree said the capacity. of local money markets was limited, and subject to
pressure from borrowers. ESCOM would, therefore, have to reduce its pressure
of the markets by cutting its financial requirements. This had already

been done by reducing expenditure and increasing income from tariffs. [Text]
[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 30 Sep 86 MB] /6662

BOTHA ANNOUNCES FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM--Two important announcements,
one on the Lesotho Highland Water Project and the other on a new financial
management system for state spending, were made this evening by the state
president. The president is at the moment.still addressing the National
Party Cape Congress. Andre le Roux was given an advance copy of President
P.W. Bothd'’s announcements. [Begin le Roux video recording] On the Lesotho
Highland Water Project, Mr Botha announced that South Africa and the Kingdom
of Lesotho have agreed in principle to proceed with the project. With regard
to the new financial management system, Mr Botha said South Africa would soon
be in a position to draw up a 5-year plan and a 10-year projection on state
spending, covering both recurrent and capital expenditure. In order to
ensure that the country's capital assets are used to best effect, a new sys~
tem of criteria will be introduced. Mr Botha said these new criteria will
include, inter alia, the availability of capital, the generation of capital,
and the issuing of state guarantees. [end video recording] [Excerpts]
[Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 29 Sep 86 MB] /6662

107



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

COOPERATION MISSION WITH EAST BLOC--Zimbabwe yesterday began a two-week
mission of holding joint talks with Hungary, Yugoslavia, Romania and the
Soviet Union in the capitals of those countries. The talks, under joint
commissions established by those countries with Zimbabwe, will centre on
scientific, technical and economic cooperation, The Minister of Industry
and Technology, Cde Callistus Ndlovu, is leading the Zimbabwean delegation
to the talks. The delegation includes the Deputy Minister of Trade and
Commerce, Cde Chimbidzayi Sanyangare, and officials from the ministries of
Finance, Economic Planning and Development, Industry and Technology, and
Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD
in English 9 Oct 86 p 7] /9317

CSO: 3400/247

66


repeated military actions by the local forces in Inhambane and Gaza, and were
attracted by the abundant herds of the region, they descended on Magude.

In 1983, South African initiated an infiltration of armed bandits over the
porder of Magude. The terrorists cut off virtually all means of communication
from the district to other parts of the province. Every town in the district
has been raided by the bandits.

The townspeople were forced to relocate, abandoning their herds and.
belongings, and fleeing to relatively more secure places. There have been
cases of entire communities moving to other locations.

Many of the towns of the interior of the district are new, but their choice
as settlements was based less upon the potential of the land for
agriculture than upon their proximity to military bases of the FPLM.

The diet of the local people consists of meat and cacana leaves. In many
towns, the local leaders have organized small shops where meat is sold to the
local inhabitants daily or three times a week.

During August.the district government, in coordination with the military,
organized convoys which transported close to 2,000 tons of corn provided by
the World Health Organization.

According to the Magude district administrator, Pedro Wetimane, who
monitored the distribution, his district needs 7,000 tons of corn annually
as the minimum amount necessary to avoid deaths due to hunger.

12857/9869
cso: 3442/4

21



[Question] How will the election of the delegates to the provincial
conferences and the candidates for deputies’ seats in the organs of people's
government be carried out?

There is a whole series of principles and criteria which were established in
advance and are reflected in the Electoral Law, the law which has now been
amended. We will not fail to take into account the need to increase the
representation in the Assembly of the People and the provincial people's
assemblies. Thus in the first legislature, we had 228 deputies in the
Assembly of the People, and a number varying between 55 and 85 in the
provincial people's assemblies, while we will now have between 250 and 290
deputies in the Assembly of the People, and up to 100 in the provincial
people's assemblies. This will depend on the capacity of each province to
make its contribution in this regard. There is already a great improvement in
quantity and quality here, and since the establishment of the organs of
people's government, we have set forth certain principles, in particular that
according to which the power of the state should always be realized as class
power, which in our case means the workers' and peasants' classes,
preponderantly. In this process, their representatives will account for
considerably more than 50 percent of the deputies. On the other hand, other
social classes and groups will be represented too. The representation of the
leaders and officials will be reduced considerably, to the benefit of other
groups which were not properly represented in the assemblies previously.

We must bear in mind that this is a demonstration of the concrete exercise of
political power by the citizens. And then the idea developed that there
should be a representation coefficient related to population density in each
area, each province, each municipality. This is something to take into
account, but for the reasons already noted (the lack of a complete census is
not a basic factor) as well as the great importance of population density, it
is not, as it normally would be, a principle governing the number of deputies
in each area or province. In a word, this is dictated by the economic,
political, social and even military importance of each of these areas and
provinces. Thus any basic idea of electoral districts or circuits is excluded
here. However, it is a preponderant factor and it plays its role here, not
in terms of circuits, but of population density. And there are other factors
which play a role in the greater or smaller representation of each province in
the people's assemblies and the Assembly of the People.

The origins of the various delegates, on the one hand, and of the candidates
for deputies' seats, on the other, are also taken into account, so that the
assemblies can have regional representation which properly reflects the local
interests of the people on the level of the districts, settlements,
municipalities, etc. In all of these areas there will be an opportunity to
nominate both delegates and candidates.

The process which led to the establishment of the first government organs will
continue, with this legislature, to cover only the national and provincial
levels, although the second party congress has already ordered that we move on
down to the municipal, and even the commune level. This process will only be
initiated with this legislature which is to be elected soon. The conditions
for undertaking it do not exist in this process in which we are engaged.



Also, at the rally held at the district headquarters, the Gaza governor urged
the population to give an incentive for cotton growing. He remarked: “These
tractors and wagons which Gaza Province, and the farmers of Chokwe in particu-
lar received, were purchased with foreign currency. Cotton must also be
produced, so that we may have foreign currency."

Combating the Black Market

At.all the rallies that the provincial governor of Gaza directed in Chokwe, he
gave the people complete authority to repress black marketeers. The provincial
governor of Gaza declared: "The black marketeer is no different from the armed
bandit. He must receive the same treatment that we give to the armed bandit."

Also during the rally, Francisco Pateguana explained to the population that
they were all free to sell all their agricultural produce, based on the spirit
of decontrolling prices.

At the end of the rally, the town of Chokwe's population gave Governor Francisco
Pateguana several green vegetables, symbolizing their heroic production spirit,
as well as over 100,000 meticals, in support of the second general elections

of the population which are under way in the. country.

2909
CSO: 3442/8

26



SOUTH AFRICA

ANGLICAN SYNOD CALLS FOR OPPOSITION TO APARTHEID
MB210644 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1552 GMT 11 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town October 11 SAPA--The synod of the Anglican Diocese of Cape
Town today adopted a motion calling on Christians to oppose apartheid. The
unanimous vote for the motion came after a contentious clause calling on the
church to support "organisations" which opposed apartheid and were working for
the establishment of a "just democratic order" was scrapped. The original
motion left it to the discretion of the archbishop of Cape Town, Desmond Tutu,
to decide which organisations were to receive this support.

The motion as accepted says that the synod states that the government's poli-
cies of racial segregation and accompanying economic exploitation and politi-
cal oppression are the "primary causes of the political unrest and violence
and of the economic and social instability in our land." It says these poli-
cies are "in conflict with basic Christian principles for the establishment of
a just and peaceful political and social order. Any claim that these policies
are necessary for the maintenance of Christian civilisation and a bulwark
against communism is a lie.

"Therefore this synod urgently calls upon all the members of the church in
this diocese, all members of the church of the Province of South Africa and on
all Christians to oppose these policies and to work for the establishment of a
just democratic order."

The motion asks the archbishop to send copies of this resolution to the state
president, MP's and church heads in South Africa.

Archdeacon Louis Bank, who proposed the motion, told the synod the church had
always called for the removal of discriminatory laws. But now it had to go
further than that. The church was not a political party and should not be
seen as one. But it had political convictions and was therefore impelled to
support the forces trying to get rid of apartheid.

Other speakers, however, said churchmen should not lead parishioners into
situations they could not handle. They said the discretion left to the
archbishop to choose organisations which would receive church support was too
wide. These organisations could range from "Liberation Theology" to the South
African Communist Party.

At the request of Archbishop Tutu, Archdeacon Bank and those who had objected
to the motion drew up the revised motion, which was accepted unanimously.

/7051

cso: 3400/197 95



have only as much power as the
white government is prepared to
allow them. The most they can
effectively do in times of dispute
with that government is to delay
legislation.

And so a historically present
dualism, which has always
formed part of “coloured
politics”, has surfaced with fresh.
intensity. It is a dualism which
has mostly surfaced more clearly
in times of crisis. Finding
themselves partly assimilated
into — yet also partly excluded
from — those who have power, it
is perhaps inevitable for the
coloureds to consider joining the
“other side”. With government
policies which enhanced
polarization, this option became
increasingly attractiye.

Two factors have reiterated the
need for a re-assessment and
clarification of political choices
and strategies. On the one hand,
there is the renewed limited
access to the formal institutions
of government. On the other, are
the realities of a conflict-ridden
society, in which most of its
inhabitants have been effectively
excluded from those institutions.
Seldom has the unfortunate
racial ambivalence of being
“coloured” been more evident
than in the 1980s. It is the
dilemma of a racial group which
has been invited by those in
power to enjoy a limited and
tightly controlled share of it; but
one which is also increasingly
expected to show allegiance to
the struggle of the broader
disenfranchised masses for
democratisation.

This has renewed the old
dualism. There have always been
coloureds who identified more
closely with whites; those who

88

would probably prefer to be
totally assimilated into that
group. Even now, after years of
exclusion, many still feel that
way. Others feel that their future
ought to be, and probably is,
alongside the traditionally
deprived Africans. They see
themselves as important
contributors to the struggle
against a social order which has
never been kind to people of
colour. And then there are those
who have accepted their peculiar
position — who have accepted
their exclusion from those who
dominate — but who remain
wary of those who are fighting
this domination. Some are even
fearful of the prospects of a new
order in which the present rulers
might simply be replaced by
others who dominate. And they
fear that they will again be
excluded on racial grounds.

But a strong trend, among the
youth in particular, has been to
identify more closely with the
broader body of disenfranchised

victims of apartheid. With that
came increasing rejection and an
arguably smaller awareness of
imposed racial categories.
Political loyalties, rather than
racial affiliation, became the
primary basis for association.
The coincidence between the
haves/have nots and white/black
dichotomies served to maintain
some degree of racially-based
resistance. But it is clearly not
sub-divided into African,
coloured or Indian categories.
And in general, the tendency to
emphasize the non-racial nature
of the opposition has grown. The
final objective of this opposition,
it is said, is to establish an
egalitarian, non-racial society.
United as they are in



We are also applying here the principle, adopted on the level of the party and
state, calling for renewal and continuity, in other words replacing at least a
third of the old deputies. Obviously, this will entail, and this is already
under way, an assessment of the work of the deputy in his zone of action, and
of his participation in the body to which he was elected, that is to say the
provincial people's assembly and its work commissions or the Assembly of the
People and its work commissions. Thus there will be an individual assessment
of each deputy, and there will necessarily be an assessment of the records of
the new candidates as well, of those proposed as candidates for deputies’
seats. This is a basic principle.

Also, the idea that all of the party leaders, for example all of the members
of the Central Committee, must necessarily be deputies, has been abandoned.
This will not be the case in the new legislature, and a relatively small
number of these leaders will be nominated as deputies, while others will not.
The party will make its presence felt through its militants who are chosen as
candidates.

On the other hand, this will be an expanded body, because many social
organizations which did not exist when the organs of people's government were
established have since been created. And this will enable the social
organizations to nominate candidates in their areas (painters, musicians,
journalists, professors and students, as well as the peasants, through their
associations, and the workers, through the trade unions). There will be a
whole range of working groups which will be represented, since there is
concern, as I have already said, about increasing the number of women and even
religious officials. And it is known that there has been a very substantial
incorporation of population groups which were formerly excluded from national
life but have joined in it recently, in the past 2 or 3 years. And,
naturally, these groups, based on the importance of each sector and the
population volume involved, will have an opportunity to nominate their
representatives.

Another problem I would not want to fail to mention is that of the armed
forces, which will also have suitable participation. And in saying armed
forces we mean the bodies which guarantee security and domestic order, and
also the traditional authorities themselves. This whole range of groups will
be represented in the people's government assemblies.

5157
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The commission also deals with migrant labour, saying although its positive
values cannot be denied, it:

--Caused an unhealthy exchange of labour;

--Complicated the education of a particular group;

-—-Delayed the development of a strong middle class;

~-Was a particularly disintegrating factor in married and family life; and
—-Destroyed the moral life.

"Due to its disruptive influence it must be eliminated as far as possible or
be kept to a minimum," the commission recommends.

Church Retains Internal Apartheid
MB210411 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2323 GMT 20 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town Oct 20 SAPA--The NG Kerk [Dutch Reformed Church] General
Synod tonight decided to retain church apartheid.

After a marathon debate of three hours during which verligte and. verkrampte
delegates were pitted against each other, the synod finally favoured the pro-
segregated church view.

The synod defeated a minority report of Prof Andre du Toit, dean of the
theological faculty at Pretoria University, who was in favour that inter-family
church unification be allowed to take place where possible.

His report received the passionate support of western Cape delegates.

Late tonight, an unresolved debate continued over whether the NGK should open
up its membership to other race groups.

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94


SOUTH AFRICA

FFP LEADER WARNS NATION FACING ‘MOMENT OF DECISION'
MB140612 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1000 GMT 13 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town October 13 SAPA--With South Africa facing its gravest crisis
ever, there was an urgent need for traditional political parties and extra-
parliamentary organizations to unite to oust the government, PFP [Progressive
Federal Party] leader, Mr Colin Eglin, said.

The Progressive Federal Party leader said tonight the only prospect the
country had for escaping the current crisis was for concerned South Africans
to force a broad-based "new movement for an alternative government."

Mr Eglin said in a statement that events of the past weeks had shown South
Africa was facing a crisis of "very grave proportions" and "the future of the
country is poised on a knife-edge." The reality of economic sanctions, the
collapse of the Nkomati Accord, the continuing state of emergency, the govern—
ment's failure to present a viable plan for political reform were pointers
that South Africa's relationships both internally and externally were "at
their lowest ebb," he said.

“White South Africans who at this stage still control the levers of power, are
facing their moment of decision," he said.

"We can band together in shaking our fists at the world. We can try to stamp
out internal dissent. We can dither with (the state president) Mr P.W. Botha
on his side of the Rubicon. Or we can come to terms with the fact that we are
just part of a South African nation with some 33 million people, and then get
on with the task of eliminating apartheid and negotiating a power sharing
constitution with equal rights for all [illegible words], he said.

/7051
CSO: 3400/197

99



ZIMBABWE

DAILY ON MUGABE'S DELIGHT WITH U.S. CONGRESS
MB191059 Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Oct 86 p 4
[Editorial: "U.S. Vote Triumph"]

[Text] The American people have earned a resounding "well done" from. the
Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, for refusing to accept their President's veto
of sanctions against South Africa. Nothing could be better deserved.

With the veto overthrown, the. United States joins the bulk of the Commonwealth--
Britain remaining the one dissenter--the Non~Aligned Movement and those nations
taking unilateral action of their own in using economic isolation as a stra~
tegic weapon to weaken and ultimately topple apartheid.

That President Reagan should. suffer such a humiliating defeat-~his first on
any major foreign policy issue-+is, as Cde Mugabe told a UN press conference
afterwards, "a signal that the people of the United States can no longer
tolerate apartheid” even if their leader did.

The U.S. Congress action, a reminder ‘to the world that in matters of con-
science it is the will of the American people and not their president's
which prevails, is an equally clear signal to Pretoria that the regime can no
longer pin its hopes.on Reagan. Even covert support would be extremely
dangerous for him given the present mood of thé American people.

How, in any case, can President Reagan help shore up a regime, which in its
mounting desperation, resorts to crude blackmail by threatening to prohibit
grain imports from the United States and cutting supplies to its black neigh-
bours?

So crude a threat, has rightly met an angry backlash as has the naive last
minute attempt by South African Minister of Foreign Affairs Pik Botha to lobby
support for the President's veto by telephone.

A senior minister of one country deliberately dabbling in the affairs of
another, a superpower at that. What utter cheek. And how humiliating for
President Reagan.

But at least by using such tactics Pretoria displays a’ most encouraging bank~-
ruptcy of thinking as it runs out of options in keeping world revulsion of its
racial policies at bay.

62


"After all,

--We share a common territory;

--We share a common fatherland;

--We share a common citizenship;

share a common judicial system;

share in the economy of the land;

share in the belief of a free religion;

share in a striving for a democracy for all the people of our country."

Mr Nel said the Afrikaner could play an important role in establishing an
alliance (bondgenootskap) between all the population groups of South Africa--
provided the Afrikaner was prepared to accept that his survival did not lie in
"forming a laager."

"The happiness, prosperity, and security of us as Afrikaners, young and old,
will depend on the measure in which we succeed in concluding an alliance with
other population groups."

Mr Nel said the government was at present creating a structure for alliances.
This was reflected, among others, in the governments acceptance, that:

~--There was only one citizenship in South Africa;

--That all population groups must have equal opportunities;

-~-That there should be a peaceful negotiating process to find solutions to
political problems;

--That reform must continue;
~-That group domination be rejected;
--That racial discrimination be eliminated; and

--That all South Africans are entitled to the protection offered by the coun-
try's judicial system.

/6662
cso: | 3400/242

68


19317

indication of the consider-
able benefits to the eco-
nomy in providing reliable
su] lies at lower cost.
The entire project is be-
ing implemented on behalf
of the Government by the
Volta River Authority and
the transportation system
shall be operated by the
Volta Lake Transport
Company.
Th Cape’

Coast /Sekondi-Takoradi ,
Water Supply project ta |

which D! million has
0 far been made available
by the German Govern-
ment will-get an additio-
nal DM 17.3 million to im-
prove and secure the
supply of water to the area.

Among other important
projects discussed were the
repair of the Lower Volta
Bridge and also the impro-
vement of electricity

CSO: 3400/210

supply to Keta. :

The Keta electricity
supply project will replace
diesel generation, by con-
necting Keta via a sub-
transmission line from
Aflao. ee

When this project is im-
plemented Keta will recei-
ve its electricity supply.
from the National grid (in
Akosombo).

During the bilateral ne-
gotiations the West Ger-
man Governmemt as
of the.assistance in techni-
cal co-operation agreed to
finance a study of this pro-

ject. :

It is expected that on the
completion of the study,
the project will be tho-
rough ly ‘defined to enable
its financing and imple-
mentation to quickly pro-

céed. :
The leader of Ghana’s

13

delegation, Dr Kwesi
Botchwey stressed at the
end ofithe meeting that the
increased financial assi-
stance which the nation is
getting from friendly
countries cannot be a
substitute for our own ef-
fortaat increasing national’
income in both cedis and
foreign exchange.

‘Unless, adequate dome-
ati Tinancing is available,
projects started with fo-
reign assistance can neith-
er be completed in good
e maintained.
after completion.

- The Secretary for Fi-
nance and Economic
Planning also launched
the: Investment, Code, and
Minerals Code in Ham-
burg and Frankfurt and
met with the German
Chamber of Commerce
and Industry.



SOUTH AFRICA

SOLIDARITY CONDEMNS ACTION AGAINST UDF
MB130712 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1815 GMT 12 Oct 86

[Text] Durban October 12 SAPA--Solidarity, the Official opposition in the
House of Delegates, condemned the South African Government's action to declare
the United Democratic Front [UDF] as an affected organisation, the party's
national chairman, Mr Ismail Omar, said today.

Mr Omar, who is also a member of the President's council, said in a statement
released in Durban he hoped the government action would not be the forerunner
to silencing the UDF.

"The government is warned not to clamp down the voice of legitimate opposition
in the country, even though it may dislike the politics of opposition.

“Any clampdown on political organizations within the country does not have the
effect of silencing opposition as in the case of the African National Congress
but only tends to harden attitudes, cause further polarisation and makes the
objective of the negotiated solution all] the more remote," Mr Omar said.

/7051
CSO: 3400/197

96



MOZAMBIQUE

DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL DISASTERS DISCUSSES NATIONWIDE CRISIS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Sep 86 p 2

[Text] The work of the fourth national meeting of the Department to Prevent and
Combat Natural Disasters continued yesterday, with the presentation of reports
focusing on the specific situation in each of the provinces seriously beset by
famine as a result of the drought that has been experienced over the past 5
years and the criminal activity of the armed bandits. Also presented were
emergency programs of the specialized agencies of the United Nations and the
non-governmental organizations to cope with the current famine situation in
Mozambique.

Yesterday's working session was headed by the national director of the Depart-
ment to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters, Amos Mahanjane.

Generally speaking, the reports from Zambezia, Tete, Sofala, Manica, Inhambane,
Gaza, and Maputo Provinces stressed that the famine situation being experienced
at present.in our country has been caused by the prolonged drought, which has
extended over the past 5 years, aggravated by the terrorist activity of the
armed bandits which,in addition to forcing the population to move from one
area to another in search of better security conditions, has prevented the
peasants from producing on their own farms.

The report from Zambezia Province emphasized that, despite the effort made by
the Department to Prevent and Combat Natural Disasters, thousands of persons
have been stricken by famine because both the number of dislocated persons and
that of persons stricken has tended to increase day by day, with 270,000
persons currently dislocated, and 570,000 stricken.

In one of the parts of the Zambezia report, it was read that, "The 2,400 tons
of grain which were in our warehouse had been distributed by 30 August in
the districts of Chinde, Maganja da Costa, Pebane, Nicoadala,and Inhassunge,
where there is now a total of 98,000 persons dislocated and 105,000 stricken."

In Alta Zambezia, although the food problem is disturbing, nakedness has

assumed alarming proportions. In that section of Zambezia Province, it is
common to observe in any corner people wearing tree bark and burlap bags.

18


ABACHI DISCUSSES ARMED FORCES RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Jos THE STANDARD in English 27 Sep 86 p 10

[Article by Chukwuemeka Okoro]

[Text]

/9317

THERE are no provi-
sions in any of the three
Federal Acts establish-
ing the Nigerian Army,
Nigerian Air Force and
the Nigerian Navy to the
effect that army officers
of the rank of major-ge-
nerals and above and
their equivalents in the
Air Force and Navy
might continue to draws
their salaries and allo-
wances after retiring
from service.

This clarification
emerged in Pankshin
last week in a lecture
delivered by Lieute-
nant-Colonel Victor
Law Ogbomoh to Na-
tional Youth Service
Corps (NYSC) members
currently camping for
orientation at the Fede-
ral College of Educa-
tion in Pankshin.

Lt.-Col. Ogbomoh,
who is the Assistant Di-
rector of Army Public
Relations serving in the
Jos headquarters of
Third Armoured Divi-
sion of the Nigerian

CSO: 3400/214

Army, explained — that
what such retired offi-
cers were entitled to

were pension benefits

applicable to any other
officers in the nation’s
public service.

Like all other such
public officers, pensions
for military officers are
calculated based on the
length of service ren-
dered and dependent on
applicable percentages
of salary as in the Fe-
deral Civil Service in
which the maximum
anybody could get is 80
per cent of his/her ter-
minal salary as monthly
pension benefit, if such
officer had served for up
to 35 years.

The army PR chief
was debunking what he
said were popular mis-
conceptions about the
benetits and mode of
promotions for military
officers in a paper he
termed = ‘Information

‘Dissemination — The

Case of the Nigerian
Army’.

47

NIGERIA

He stated that promo-
tions in the military were
often based on officers’
ability’ to fulful certain
‘conditions which inclu-
ded success in promo-
tion examinations and
suitability for the res-
ponsibility to go with the
new rank.

‘It is incorrect for
people to conclude that
generals retain their sa-
laries for life’, Ogbomoh
said while suggesting
that appreciation should
in fact be due for persons
who had indicated a wil-
lingness to ‘pay the su-
preme price’ for the li-
berty of the nation.

The forces is facing
the reality of the natiows
dwindling financial re-
sources like any other
facet of the Nigerian so-
ciety, he said, while re-
vealing that current em-
phasis in the forces now
was on the proper main-
tenance of existing logis-
tics rather than acquisi-
tion of new ones.



If some minority, recommendations are accepted, a NG Sendingkerk [Dutch Reformed
Mission Church] visitor said, church reunification was an attainable goal.

The church commission found that the bible may not be used as .a blueprint for
sotving social, economic or political issues.

“Therefore all attempts present or past to derive any social or political
policy, whether it is that of apartheid or separate development, or integration
from the bible must be strongly rejected," the commission said.

The fact that the church was scriptually based and preached the gospel meant
that no congregation should deny anyone the right to listen to the word:'of
God.

The commission found that provision could however be made for the sake of
effective communication of scripture, for the "indigenising" of the church.

Because the church was a faith, its revelation in scripture was the only con-
dition for membership of the Church of Jesus Christ.

In this respect a minority report supported inter-alia by the right-wing
Professor Carel Boshoff proposes that "only" be replaced by "fundamental."

According to their report the fact that the church is a universal community
also means that it may. not be: confined. "exclusively to one people or group
and nobody may .be excluded on the basis of his lineage, national connection,
language or culture."

Document Holds Government to ‘Justice!
MB201020 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0851 GMT 20 Oct 86

[Text] Cape Town, Oct 20 SAPA--The biblical demand for justice held important
implications for group relations in South Africa, a commission of the NGK
[Dutch Reformed Church] General Synod has found.

A special report revising the churches race relations policies was presented
for debate to the synod today.

The report, entitled "Church and Society," says the biblical demand that
"all believers shall always do what is right in the sight of God and. combat
injustice," has important implications for group relations in our country.

"This means we must strive...that justice is done to all groups in our country
at social, educational, economical, political and all other levels."

This finding was unanimously endorsed by the 14-member commission, as was a

finding that "all government policies and all individual, group and government
actions be measured against God's demand for justice."

92



various green vegetables. As was inevitably required, each family must work on
a minimal area of 1 hectare.

Joao Chaves commented: "This requirement, which dates back several years, is
aimed at putting an end to the small farms used merely for subsistence, which
in most instances have not sufficed to give the producer much. Today, the
peasants have not only products for subsistence, but also surpluses for
marketing."

Because people who had taken refuge in neighboring Zimbabwe owing to the
bandits' destabilizing activity are being constantly taken in, certain plans
have obviously been changed. From this standpoint, what has the district done
for the equilibrium of its life? It was this question that the secretary for
economy answered:

"In fact, the constant reception of citizens returning from Zimbabwe has prompt-
ed us to change the direction of projects; for example, the removal of foods
from stocks. But there is no reason for despair, because we are organized to
deal with this type of situation."

This organization stipulates that no agricultural surpluses are to leave the
district, as was done at times in the past. With the marketing products,

a supply is formed especially for distribution to those returning from Zimbab-
we, and also for persons released from the bandits' captivity.

Thus, according to Joao Chavez, they have succeeded in keeping the situation
of those citizens stable, until their houses have been built and they have
subsequently started farming activity.

Seed Storage Created

A new experiment in storing seed is now under way in Mossurize district. For
this purpose, four rural warehouses have been built in different parts of the
region to provide seed received from humanitarian institutions and non-
governmental organizations.

Our interviewee said that, at those warehouses, the producers receive a certain
amount and type of seed that they need for their activity. At the end of the
campaign, they will have to return the seed, both in quantity and type.

He concluded by saying: "Through this action, we are attempting to have seed
available for any contingency, providing for individual cases; and, in
particular, not having to jeopardize agricultural production. There have
already been instances where land was prepared, waiting for seed that never
arrived, which should have been sent by the Provincial Directorate of. Agricul-
ture."

2909
CSO: 3442/8

30



COTTON FARMERS TO ENJOY INCENTIVE PRICES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 25 Sep 86 p 8

[Article by Kojo Sam]

[Text]

/9317
C80: 3400/211

‘HE. Ghana Cotton
has decided to

In the meantime the
mpany has introduced
in incentive price of:

‘present price of a kilo of
cotton is £28,
Mr Joseph Banafoe, act-

ing. General Manager of
the. company who an-
nounced this at the annual
general meeting of the

ton in Tamale yertorda y

‘a that the present pri ce
‘per. ilo i is inadequate i in
view of the high cost of
production.

He noted that cotton
menor in in the country
greatly improved since

the.company was formed:

14

and said the: ion
of the Cotton Glowers As
sociation is vital to the
mown of the cotton in-

According to Mr Bana-
foe cotton Sarmers. culti-
vated a total of 19,318
acres throughout the
country out of which a to-
tal of 7.7 million
or7, 700 ‘tons is te
be See when the

ovembe thieves

ng General Ma-

nee agin the associa-
not to interfere with
the operations of the com-
pany. Rather the two bo-
dies would have to work in,
harmony to promote the.
cotton industry.
Dr Mohammed Sam-

ton expert at to. the.
‘company .announced that.
his country is to send down
10 cotton experts to Ghana.

GHANA



The President said he wanted the army not to create a rift between itself
and the civilian population. He, however, said the honeymoon with armed
thugs is now over, and the army has been ordered to make an offensive against
armed thuggery.

On Saturday night, delinquents staying at Kefa Sempangi's Africa Foundation
at Namirembe road in Kampala left their hostels at night and went to the
bus park where they robbed from houses and passersby.

On their way back the army tracked them and were ordered to stop. After
they had refused to stop, the army opened fire and one was killed. This
marks the beginning of a tightened grip on acts of lawlessness by the NRA.

/9317
cso: 3400/218

58


/

ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE DELEGATION ATTENDS UNITA CONGRESS
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 25 Sep 86 p 19

[Text] For 2 weeks we visited Jamba, the headquarters of UNITA and a real
city built in the middle of the jungle, as we related in an interview
published in the previous issue of TEMPO. We were part of the first
Portuguese delegation of nonreporters to attend one of the movement's
congresses—-the sixth. It was held from 22 to 28 August of this year, with
participation by 20,000 delegates. As Savimbi emphasized at the farewell
banquet, the presence of the Portuguese group underscored the "strengthening
of friendship with Portugal" and showed that "not all Portuguese are friends
of UNITA'S enemies."

The Portuguese group's first direct contact with the chairman of UNITA, Jonas
Savimbi, occurred 2 days after it arrived in Jamba. At Savimbi's invitation,
the group attended the farewell banquet for a delegation from U.S. black
communities which was visiting UNITA headquarters. That delegation consisted
of Maurice Dawkins, chairman of Black American Friends; John Smith, mayor of
Prichard, Alabama; and attorney Clarence McKee, secretary general of the
International Confederation of Black Mayors. .

Tribute to Delegation From U.S. Black Community

The banquet was held at one of the various sports pavilions in Jamba. From
the Galo Negro neighborhood, where we were staying, we rode in jeeps to the
pavilion, where the approximately 220,000 [as published] participants in the
UNITA congress, who had come from every part of Angola and from the movement 's
branches around the world, had gathered. On the way, we noted with amazement
that traffic was being directed by policemen placed at strategic spots.

In the days that followed, we made several visits to UNITA departments
operating in Jamba. Those departments were mentioned in the previous issue of
this newspaper. We also attended a press conference by General Huambo, chief
of military intelligence. He is 28 years old, and as we were to discover, he
speaks fluent English, as do several of his colleagues.

Also part of UNITA's leadership are Jeremias Chitunda, who was elected deputy
chairman at this congress; General Nzau Puna, secretary general; General Tito,



much symbolic significance, that
the first large-scale deployment
of troops in a township in the
present spate of unrest, occurred
on 3rd September 1984 — the day
on which the tri-cameral system
came into operation.

While the state’s forceful
response strengthened the case
for extra-institutional
opposition, it did provide the
“insiders” with an argument too.
They claim that it leaves
parliament as the only legal
channel through which
government and security force
actions to enforce the state of
emergency regulations could be
checked and questioned. The
“outsiders” see the strong
security measures as further
proof of the correctness of their
decision not to have any part in
government institutions. They
say that it proves that one cannot
co-operate within the Botha-
reform context, since it is not
aimed at democratisation but
merely at the restructuring of
control, Whatever reform might
have taken place, it is said, has
been nothing but part of a
cosmetic attempt to maintain the
traditional power structure in an
adapted form. Government
reforms merely serve to rewrite
the rules of domination in
somewhat more acceptable
terms. Reformed institutions, for
instance, are so closely linked to
apartheid measures such as the

Population Registration and
Group Areas Acts that they
cannot possibly facilitate a
fundamental dismantling of
apartheid. The tri-cameral system
is seen to be nothing more than
an instrument attempting to divide
Africans and coloureds from
each other — and to use the latter
as a “buffer” between the white
minority and the African majority.

Firmly placed in the midst of
the intensifying political conflict
in South Africa, and faced with a
vital choice between the major,
racially based contending power
configurations, the so-called
“coloured community” could
probably expect a further
intensification of divisions.
There seems to be no way to
escape that prospect —
“coloureds”, after all, are part of
a society in which such divisions
are being increasingly drawn in
starker and more
uncompromising terms.

Their dilemma seems
inescapably linked with that of
South African society at large.
And so does its only conceivable
resolution: the creation of a society
within which group identities
become wholly secondary to
people’s overall loyalty to — and
identification with — South
Africa. Only if the politics of this
society are structured around
South Africanship, can the broad
dilemma of all South Africans be
resolved.

19317
CSO: 3400/220

90


SWEDISH GROUP DONATES RESEARCH BOAT--Yesterday morning, at the facilities of
the Nautical School in Maputo, a scientific research vessel donated by a
Swedish organization for international cooperation and development (SAREC) to
the Eduardo Mondlane University [UEM] was dedicated. Present at this ceremony
were the UEM rector, Rui Baltazar; the Swedish ambassador to Mozambique; Bo
Kalvos; the director of UEM's School of Biology, Jose Walenkam; the director
of the Nautical School, Paulo do Carmo Monteiro; and other guests. Preceding
the formal presentation of the vessel and its keys, the Swedish ambassador,
addressing those present, made some comments on the cooperation that has
existed for a long time between the Scandinavian countries and our country, in
various areas. He added that this assistance has reinforced the joint battle
against "apartheid." Upon receiving the keys to the boat, Rui Baltazar express-
ed appreciation for the remarks delivered by Bo Kalvos, underscoring the great
assistance that the.Scandinavian countries have rendered to Mozambique. The
boat was christened with the name "Dugongo" (a marine mammal that exists in
our waters and that is endangered with extinction). It will be used by UEM's
School of Biology in the research work and.studies of the maritime ecology,
flora, and fauna of Ilha de Inhaca. This vessel is 8.5 meters long and can
accommodate seven persons. It is provided with all the essential equipment for
scientific research, as well as windlasses, nets, cable, and spare parts.
[Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 24 Sep 86 p 2] 2909

ITALIAN MEDICINE DONATION--An important donation of medicine to be distributed
to hospital units in the ten provinces of our.country was unloaded yesterday
in Maputo. It was provided by. the Italian government, and consisted of 20
containers with more than 96 tons of medicines, worth more than $1.2 million.
The medicines were transported on board the "Tigre" which came to port in
Maputo yesterday at about 1 pm and left at 3:30; they represent half of the
total donation offered by the Italian government to the Mozambican people.
Present at the delivery ceremony at the container docks were the Italian
consul in Mozambique, Vito Ferrara; Joaquim Durao, head of the pharmaceutical
department of the ministry of health; Rainha da Silva, health inspector;

and Aranda Correia, director general of MEDIMOC, as well as other members of
the health ministry and the Italian embassy. Upon making the donation
official, Vito Ferrara expressed the hope that this concrete gesture of
cooperation between Italy and Mozambique would at least minimize the health
problems of the Mozambican people. He said that he had recently attended

a meeting with our hygiene authorities at the health ministry, and had been
impressed by the clarity with which they described the health problems found
in Mozambique. In response, Joaquim Durao began by expressing his gratitude
for the donation, and reminded those present that Italy has helped our
country for some years, especially in programs which contribute greatly to
our own health programs. "The medicines donated here are going to help us
to overcome serious shortages we have been experiencing, especially at the
larger hospitals," he said, guaranteeing that the health ministry will make
the best possible use of the medicines donated, distributing them to the
various provinces within the shortest time possible based upon local
conditions. [Text] [Maputao NOTICIAS in Portuguese 19 Sep 86 p 1] 12857/9869

CSO: 3422/4



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SEES 'TOTALITARIAN CANCER' IN POLITICS
MB140532 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 14 Oct 86

[Station Commentary]

[Text] If any doubts still existed about the totalitarianism that imbues
political radicalism in South Africa, they must surely have been finally
removed by the fate of Dr Concor Cruise O'Brien. He has been forced to
abandon a lecture series at the University of Cape Town [UCT] after lectures

there and at the University of the Witwatersrand had been disrupted by violent
student demonstrators.

The transgression by Dr O'Brien, who has been on a guest professorship at the
University for the last few weeks, was to ignore an academic boycott of South
Africa called by the ANC earlier this year. His own political credentials up
to now had been perfectly acceptable to those movements of which the ANC is
the spearhead. He is a founder-member and former chairman of the anti-
apartheid movement in Ireland. He supports sanctions against South Africa.

His silencing at UCT and Wits had little to do with his political views in
general. Both campuses have a history of gagging--through concerted shouting
down or threats of violence-~those with whom radical students are in disagree-
ment. Had Dr O'Brien's been another such case it would hardly have raised
eyebrows. He was silenced simply because he refused to accept a tactic in the
radical program that he found repugnant. I don't accept the right of these
people to tell a free scholar where and what to teach, he said on his arrival
in Cape Town, in reference to the academic boycott.

But the totalitarian spirit demands more than broad agreement on political
goals. It requires absolute adherence to every facet of the movement's
program, regardless of the cost to the individual's moral integrity. The
trouble is, Dr O'Brien regards himself as essentially a liberal--one moreover
who has a special duty to academic freedom. Even before he left for South
Africa he was replying to criticism in the anti-apartheid movement that the
movement had become one where you do what you are asked or we'll brand you a
traitor.

97



The Constitutional Council was a statutory institution and was bound to

the legislature of the country, and was thus compelled to do only that which
was embodied in the legislation governing the country. Consequently the
chairman of the Constitutional Council, Mr Justice Vic Hiemstra was
compelled to act within the framework of the legislation provided by the
Constitutional Council.

Mr Justice Hiemstra, said Mr Arnold, must act objectively and impartially
as chairman of the Constitutional Council and must at no stage try to
influence the Constitutional Council, or try to give preference to one or
other policies or form of government. Mr Justice Hiemstra was not entitled
to act in an arbitrary fashion and neither was he entitled to take any
decision on behalf of the Constitutional Council.

Thereupon Mr Arnold said that the minutes of the meetings of the Constitu-
tional Council held since January 13 this year would be filed as part of
the documents with the Registrar of the Supreme Court for submission to
the presiding judge at the trial. It was too voluminous to attach the
minutes of the Constitutional Council to his affidavit, for it comprised
674 typewritten pages.

He said that when the Constitutional Council had its first session in
January 1986, it started with a debate on whether or not to involve SWAPO
in the proceedings and the activities of the Constutitional Council.
Thereafter, Mr Justice Vic Hiemstra proposed a discussion on what sort of
president South West AFrica must have. He said some of the members of the
Constitutional Council raised an objection saying that no decision could be
taken in respect of a president until such time as there was a constitutional
blueprint for the country. Yet, said Mr Arnold, Mr Justice Hiemstra
insisted on a discussion on the functions of the future president without
taking cognisance of how the future political blueprint was to look. The
functions of the president appeared to the judge to be a sound premise of
departure for a future constitution. Mr Arnold accused Mr Justice Hiemstra
of axiomatically accepting certain fundamental matters which were the
prerogative of the Constitutional Council and not of the judge.

As an example, Mr Arnold said that:Mr Justice Hiemstra had decided that

the future of this country must be a unitary state with proportional
representation, that it must be a union with provinces and not a federation,
as the latter would not work in a country such as this, poorly endowed with
natural resources and sparsely populated.

Mr Arnold said he and Mr Frans van Zyl, another member of the National Party
in the Constitutional Council, vehemently protested the judge's approach.

Yet, Mr Justice Hiemstra simply adjourned the meeting in order to compile
a memorandum on the functions of the future state president of South West
Africa. It was thus clear at the very first meeting of the Constitutional
Council that Mr Justice Hiemstra simply wiped from the table the compulsory
provisions laid down in the Act on the Constitutional Council. He simply

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