SHAGARI ON STEEL DEVELOPMENT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 29 Nov 82 p 11

[Text]

PRESIDENT Shehu Shagari
has directed that Nigerian
engineers and consultants should
be fully involved in thedetailed
planning and execution of the
proposed five new steel plants.

Minister of Steel Development,
Malam Mamman Makele disclos-
ed this last Thursday while iaun-
ching the Warri branch of the
Nigerian Society of Engineers.
~ According to him, apart from
training and employing
thousands of Nigerian engineers
and technicians in the country’s

“steel plants, it was the present
‘administration’s policy to en-

courage the transfer of
technology to Nigerians.

“We trust that Nigerian
engineers so appointed will make
the best use of this opportunity by
ensuring active and effective par-
ticipation” the minister remark-

He frowned at the tendency of
the Nigerian engineer to jump
from job to job in pursuit of the
Naira, pointing out that it would
not be in their long term interest.

Malam Makele said it was

cso: 3400/475

55

costing a lot to train engiieers
and technicians needed in the
steel plant, “governments having

-spent so much to train them, it

becomes necessary for them to
stay on the job and to concentrate
on making the steel sector a suc-
‘cess’, he added.

The minister appealed to the
Nigerian engineers to be practis-
ing engineers, comparable in
quality with their counterparts in
other parts of the world rather
than being traders and general
businessmen.

It is the desire of this country,
according to him, not to spend so
much in bringing in expatriate to
run and maintain the steel plants
and other high technology in-
dustries?

Malam Makele said from what
he had seen at the Delta Steel
Plant, the country had a sizeable
team of highly qualified and
dedicated engineers.

He appealed to the engineers to

find solutions to the maximum

utilisation of local raw materials
for rapid industrialisation.

NIGERIA



Editorial

cso: 3400/486

-YESTERDAY’S ‘decision to devalue the Zimba-
| bwean dollar by 20% will please some, and horrify
(others, in business, although the move was not

; entirely unexpected, as rumours of a readjustment
| have been part of boardroom gossip since the begin-

? ning of the year.

Devaluation of a nation’s currency is a two-edged

“weapon — it makes exports more competitive on

world markets, but it increases the cost of imported

fitems, The trick is to time a change so that benefits
yare maximised and losses minimised. . -

|- Last year Zimbabwe exported $889,4 million of
| goods, excluding gold sales. If this year’s exports are
; maintained at a similar level (in fact, they are slightly
‘ down), the devaluation will reduce their value‘to
£ $711,5 million. The devaluation theory is that the
) lower price of products will increase their sales,-and
* as the sales volume rises so will total receipts.

Last year Zimbabwe imported $1 017,7 million of

goods, much of it for essential imports to keep the

: nation’s business and industry functionipg, and some

yas elements in the conversion of local materials into
* products for export. Devaluation will add $203,5

“million to this bill if a similar level is maintained in
1983.

Thus, with a loss in export valies, and an increase
tin import costs, the country needs to generate
: another $381 million following devaluation —to stay
'- in the same position it was in last year.

Of course, Government can control, up to a point,
the level of imports through its foreign-exchange
allocation scheme, as it has been doing for the last
two years. This is of little comfort for importers, who

: battling on slashed allocations, now see their buying
; power reduced overnight by a further 20%.

Thankfully,- the value of foreign aid flows,
committed at Zimcord and Jater, will not be affected,
‘Since they were expressed in. the currency of the

donor countries.

_ Undoubtedly, the IMF have had a hand in the
,Government’s decision to — deval The world
* bankers have long considered that babwe’s dollar

is overvalued (so is the US dollar, incidentally), and it

; can confidently be assumed that continuing IMF
_assistant to this country was conditional on a ‘re-

adjustment of our currency.

For Zimbabwe, the devaluation will herald a
period of major readjustment, even of confusion,
until the overall effects of the devaluation become
,clear. There will be further shortages of imported
‘goods, including petrol, and inflation will. be ac-
-eelerated. The country’s external debt, of course,

‘also is increased by 20% since this must be, paid in
- foreign currency.

Export industries, particularly mining, have been
pressing the Government to take this step. It is hoped
‘that they can justify their arguments through
‘enhanced sales and earnings, so that. Zimbabwe can
make a net profit from the change. If not, then the

‘decision to devalue will proye to have been a costly
Gmiccelenlatian.

119



ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH CUBA--Havana--Angola and Cuba completed official
conversations in Havana on the expansion of economic cooperation in the sugar,
metal-working, shipbuilding, and basic industry sectors. The negotiations
were carried out in this capital between the delegations headed, respectively,
by Alberto do Carmo Bento Ribeiro, Angolan industry minister, and Hector ]
Rodrigues Lompart, minister and chairman of the State Committee on Economic
Cooperation of Cuba. At the end of the conversation, the two ministers
signed a document in which they agreed to expand bilateral cooperation in
various areas. The Angolan minister, who is visiting Havana, had already
met with Cuban ministers of basic industry, sugar, and light industry. He
also met with Levi Farah, minister of government in charge of construction
abroad. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Nove 82 p 3] 5058

cso: 3442/77

21



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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
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mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



GOVERNMENT OFFERS LOAN TO RESCUE INDEBTED MTD

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English

[Text]

cso:

3400/486

; THE YUBLED MTD Mangula
‘mining and smelting operations in
: Zimbabwe have been offered help
“by the Government in the face of
“reported losses this year of more
than $8 million.

According to results announced
{by MTD Management Services Ltd
Fthis week, the Government has of-
; fered the company a loan of $3,5
= million. Negotiations are still cont-
finuing and no firm commitments
fhave yet been concluded. y
< This Government loan offer is
“reminiscent of the previous loan
fassistance offered to the Empress
Nickel mine of $2,7 million to
yenable that Rio Tinto company to
‘continue until the end of this
month and whose future is still un-
feertain.

Regarding MTD Mangula, the

chairman, Mr L.P Normand, said
“yesterday that the loan offered was
jatan interest rate of 13%.
+ It was yirtually a three-year
loan, but included various other
clauses, The main aspect was that
it would be. repayable in 36
‘monthly instalments, with effect
\from November 1,1984.

Mr Normand added that the
3Government had also offered

assistance which the directors

115

10 Dec 82 pl

could use for the allied Lomaguridi
Smelting operations. These operat-
ions were more complex’ and less
viable than the Mangula mining
sector.

He said that the surprise news of.
the 20% devaluation yesterday
would go a long. way towards
helping MTD Mangula and in
giving it a positive cash flow. This
would be in Zimbabwe dollars, as
the prices for copper and silver
were fixed in sterling oni the Lo-
ndon market’ and the. sterling
would yield 20% more in Zimba-
‘bwe dollars internally.

However, the cost of all import-
ed items, - including explosives,
involved in the company’s opera-
tions would also rise by 20%.

‘Mr Norman said that the receipt
‘of more Zimbabwe dollars follow-
ing devaluation would help the co-
mpany to limit its losses.

But he said that the ultimate key
to the viability of all
company’s operations and. for
mining generally was dependant on
the world coming out of the
present recession.

He emphasised that negotiations
Tegarding the proffered Govern-
ment assistance ~ were _ still
continuing.



SENEGAL

OPPOSITION SAID TO REMAIN VERY DIVIDED
Dakar AFRICA in French No 146, Dec 82 pp 23, 24
[Article by T. N.: "The Opposition in Search of a 'President'"]

[Text] The Seriegalese presidential and legislative
elections will be taking place in three months—-to be
more specific, in February 1983. In this race for
power, the very divided opposition is showing little
eagerness to conclude alliances. That is perhaps be-
cause it is not under any illusions as to the outcome
of consultations.

Will it rum candidates or will it not run candidates? That is the question
that, three months before the 1983 general election, one might well ask about
the Senegalese opposition. President Abdou Diouf's Socialist Party, the party
that has been in power for 22 years, will obviously be contesting the election.
That party's nominating convention is expected to be held in December. As

for the other political groups, apart from the Democratic League-—Movement for
the Labor Party (LD-MPT) and And Jef--Revolutionary Movement for the New
Democracy (AJ-MRDN) which have clearly asserted their wish to throw themselves
into the fight with an eye to the legislative elections, the other party head-
quarters were still even in mid-November maintaining a certain silence on the
subject.

Diouf-Wade Confrontation?

The LD-MPT and AJ-MRDN have also announced that they are not going to have any
candidate for the presidential election. Since an election campaign would be
enormously expensive--one has to travel around and hold meetings in the eight
regions, down to at least the level of the chief towns of the arrondissements,
in order to hope to win a sizable number of votes--it is easy to understand
why the opposition parties are not venturing to enter the race for the presi-
dency of the Republic. Especially since most of them have just been legally
in existence for a little over a year.

64



A TECHNICAL report on fish —
stocks and ‘prospects on
.Mahé’s underwater * plateau
“was presented to Minister
Maxime Ferrari by the new
West German Ambassador
yesterday, boding well for the
future of traditional fishing in
Seychelles.

At the same meeting at Na-
tional House yesterday morn-
ing, Ambassador Johannes
Von Vacano.also ‘handed the
Minister for Planning and Ex-
ternal Relations ‘West « Ger-
many’s ratification of an air
links agreement between the
two countries.

The final report of the joint
fisheries research project be-
tween the Seychelles Govern-
ment’s Fisheries Division and
the Federal Research Centre
for Fisheries in Hamburg _ is
the result of two years work
on Mahé’s undersea plateau
end in West German laborato-
ries.

Seychelles’ major contribu-
tion-to the R30 million project
was the construction near the
tuna cold store at the Long
Pier of an experimental fish

75

NEW REPORT BODES WELL FOR TRADITIONAL FISHING

Victoria NATION in English 10 Dec 82 pp 1, 2

processing plant.

West Germany provided the
‘equipment for’ the plant and
two trawlers on which ‘the
scientists’ worked. The plant
is now being used commer-
cially by’ Seycom’ Fish (Pro:
cessing.

Present at this morning’s
“meeting and giving a_ brief
resumé of the report was the
Federal Research Centre’s
senior marine biologist in the
project, Dr. Wolfgang Webber
| (pronounced Volfgang Veb-
| |ber).

He said that. the aims of
the study were to assess de-
/mersal (bottom) and petagic
| (surface) fish stocks on the
Mahé plateau, the amount
that could be exploited eco-
nomically yet safely, the best
‘fishing techniques to use,
“and the prospects for fish
processing in Seychelles and
fish ‘sales in West Germany.

The demersal fish were stu-
died through trawling while
the pelagic fish were assess-
ed by trolling.

Dr. Webber apparently sur-

SEYCHELLES



CONCERN EXPRESSED OVER RISE IN JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Porguguese 19 Nov 82 p 2

[Text] The explosion of school age children in the People's Republic of
Angola since independence, especially preschool and primary school children,
together with the shortage of teachers and education materials, poses a
serious threat to the future of the pioneers and proponents of the Angolan
revolution.

Many children from 6 to 14 years of age are in danger of not receiving an
education, especially orphans and children whose parents were transferred
to Luanda for job reasons.

The immediate consequences of this situation could be an increase in theft
and juvenile delinquency, which is currently at an alarming level.

To this end, a recently published study conducted during the past year by the
National Youth Reform Department under the Ministry of Interior reveals that
23,248 crimes, including theft, drug use, homicide, gambling and assault,
were committed by about 3,534 youth, currently under preventive detention.

The document expresses concern over the large number of pre-delinquent youth,
who are not yet included among the black marketeers and others with illegal
businesses in the neighborhoods and markets in Luanda.

As the report stresses, the juvenile delinquency situation is alarming since
the children most affected are generally orphans, displaced children and
others who do not have any means of subsistence.

To alleviate the situation, the department in question asked the competent
authorities to establish and expand youth reform organizations and to resolve
the education problem, particularly primary school education, in the pro-
vinces with the greatest flux of school children, including Luanda, Benguela,
Huambo, Huila, Lunda-Norte, Lunda-Sul, Kwanza-Norte and Sul, Cabinda, Malange
and Uige.

The report in question condemns the practice of "black marketeering" among
youth and criticizes the liberal attitude of many teachers in this regard.

9805
CSO: 3442/64

11



cso:

This represents a total
divergence from, the
“Christian faith? The
Church’ -starts .from ‘the
premise. that . human
‘nature is inherently -self-
centred and what is
needed is a revolution in
the heart of ‘man; a
change of nature.

A clear example of this
comes. from: the Govern-
ment-sponsored _ news!
paper. The People’s
Weekly. The ‘December 1
issue carries an editorial
loudly lamenting ‘the’ fact
that free health services
‘are being abused.

It asks: “How can Zim-
Sbabwean ~ citizens who
regard .themsélves as
staunch upholders. of an
‘emerging socialist state
‘deliberately defraud the
Government and local
authorities in this way?”

It’s’ a. pathetic plea,

which is totally naive. It
assumes that people are
inherently good and that
their only sin in’ the’ past
was to be deprived!
4, The fact is that capital-
ists, socialists and “com-
‘menists are all alike. They
share a common human
nature which .is basically
self-centered. ‘
* The Christian . faith
recognisés this, and
argues that only God can
work the required
change in human nature.

Scientific socialism
denies any need for God
(and also the existence of
God!) By so doing it cuts
itself off from “the one
power which can save its
revolution from inevitable
disaster.

The © question - arises
“Where does the State
stand in relation ‘to the
Church?”

‘As yet there has been
_po comprehensive and de-

3400/486

finitive. statement” from
the Government, . Ths
‘Prime’ Minister, addres-
sing a heads of churches
conference earlier this
‘year, indicated that. the
' Government welcomed the
support of ‘the Churches
in its humanitarian ac-
tivities. It already has
that. But what more?
Suggestions have been
made that the Church
should align. itself totally

with the ruling’ party..

This is a non-starter.

The Church can never
identify itself with ‘any
one political party or any
one political philosophy.
Nor can it ever set itself
up as a political party.
That has been tried and
proved a total disaster.

Tt. has been suggested
that. the Church should
become the spiritual arm
of. the ruling ‘secular
power, In..terms of a
-recent Ministry of Educa-
tion and Culture paper it
was proposed that the
Church should hand over
its schools, ‘retaining only
thé roles ‘of financier,
caretaker and . caterer.
That, too, is-a a-non-
starter.

Tt has been suggested
that’ the Church ‘confine
itself to the business of
preaching the gospel and
“saving ‘souls and teaving
politics and the material
aspects of life to the
‘Government. °

To this end the Roma-,
nian Church was held uy
ag a model to be emulated.
This is a strange sug-
gestion, coming as it does
from .those who heavily
criticised the Church in

e past for doing
precisely that!

* cwhat then becomes. of
the prophetic witness of
“the Church in society, 2

124

role ‘crucial to the very
nature of the Church?
And what of the
freedom of the Church in
a State which is com-
mitted to the atheistic
dogmatism of . scientific
socialism?
| On many _ occasions
recently Church services
have been picketed by
party members who have
re-directed worshippers to
the nearest political meet-
ing, Is this to become. of- °
ficial Government policy?
‘These dre some of the
issues at stake, There is a
great need for some ‘sort
‘of a dialogue between
Church and State to. come
to grips with them.

A’ prime requirement. ts

that’ the State should say

what .it means by scien-
tific socialism: .

Does the State embrace
it as dogma, or merely as
practical politics?. What
kind of theology underlies
the concept? ~
“The State has a duty to
‘spell it out clearly. and
wuntil it does everybody
‘will renjain confused.
=. William ‘Temple once
jsaid, rightly, “that
“Christianity is the most
materialistic religion of
all.”

But ‘Christianity does
not start with Marxism or
materialism, Its starting
point is with God who, in
‘Christ, has revealed Him-
self to.man and acted to
“redeem man, :

That is a _ different
starting ‘point from the
one mentioned in the
Herald editorial.

It’s about time that the
theologians and politicians
got down to finding what’
convergence is possible if
those be the two stdrting
‘points. ‘



SEYCHELLES

NEW MINISTRY FURTHERS INTER-DEPARTMENTAL COOPERATION
Victoria NATION in English 4 Dec 82 pp 1, 2

[Text] AT a time when Seychelles still does not have enough qualified people
of its own to administer its development, the new Minister of Planning and
External Relations aims to make the best of the situation through close co-
operation with other ministries and departments.

Explaining the role of his ministry over Radio Seychelles on Thursday night,
Planning and External Relations Minister Maxime Ferrari stressed that the
Government could not afford any duplication of efforts that would waste time
that should be put at the service of the nation.

Dr. Ferrari's ministry, and scientists — it also has
based at National scientific and ‘petroleum fe-
House, Le Chantier, is search sections — look after

divided into the Depart-
ment of External Relations led
by Principal Secretary Da-
nielle d’Offay.

The Planning Department

the technical aspects of the
projects being compiled and
monitored by the. Economics
Division.

All .this obviously means

is itself divided into two divi-
sions. The first, the Econo-
mics Division, gompiles and
monitors the progress of the
_rolling National Development
Plan, and prepares and
makes economic assessments
of development projects for
‘funding.

The Economics Division is
backed in its work by the
‘Technical Services Division
which provides the necessary
technical, engineering and
scientific research expeftise.

This division’s * technicians

70

that the Department of Plan-
ning has to work very closely
with the Ministry of National
Development, as most of the
projects being drawn up will
concern that ministry once
they are under way, and with
the Department of Finance as
ito the funding aspects.

‘ “Co-operation with other mi-
nistries and departments will
also be essential when their
projects come up.

The adoption of the name
; “External Relations” to © re-



IVORY COAST

UNEMPLOYMENT LEADS TO ALARMING INCREASE IN CRIME

London WEST AFRICA In English 13 Dec 82 p 3214

[Article by Brigitte Vanderverken]

[Text]

IVORY COAST’S economic crisis has led
to an alarming increase in crime. Unem-
ployment and unfulfilled expectations have,
encouraged the emergence of a growing
number of swindlers and criminals. The
situation should not be exaggerated. Crime

figures have fallen in the last few months as

a result of stronger police measures and
crime in Abidjan is in a different league
from, say, Lagos. But it nevertheless
merits analysis.

Armed robbery appears to be on the
upturn and bandits do not hesitate to
shoot. People are asking where all the
weapons are coming from. The victims are
arming themselves in self-defence.

While Abidjan’s popular districts such as
Abobo and Yopougon are the main targets
for robbers, smart residential areas like

Cocody-Deux Plateaux are also affected. .

The authorities are playing down the prob-
Jem not wishing to alarm expatriates whose
economic role is seen as important.
Security measures have been tightened
and random police roundups are more
frequent. The latter, being indiscriminate,
tend to alarm rather than reassure the local
population while the “catch” is often
meagre. The police force is not sufficiently

numerous adequately to patrol the worst
affected areas. There are three police

, Stations at Abobo, for example, but local
‘ inhabitants say this is not enough. At

Yopougon tension is high with local resi-
dents threatening to lynch any thieves they
catch. In response the thieves have distri-
buted leaflets saying they will shoot anyone
who tries to stop them.

Who are the criminals? Ivorians —
echoing the local press — accuse immi-
grants from the poor neighbouring coun-
tries. Upper Voltans are the most fre-

28

quently accused: once the theft is carried
out, the story goes, the thief heads north
and home with his booty.

But while much of the petty crime,
including thefts from Lebanese shops, may
be committed by immigrants, more soph-
isticated robberies, particularly of banks,
are more likely to be the work of Ivorians.
Two such hold-ups were carried out on the
same day in Abidjan in October. The first
was on the 20th floor of the new Tour
Postel 2001; the second was at a branch of
the BICICI bank. The victim of the first
robbery said he suspected the robbers may
have been Post Office employeés working
in the same building!

Prostitution — of both sexes — is also on
the increase and posing problems for the
authorities. Embarrassingly for some; one
of the favourite haunts of male prostitutes
is in the vicinity of the prestigious Hotel
Ivoire. .

Juvenile delinquency is a much more
widespread problem. Education — or
rather the right to be educated — is a
sensitive issue. Over half the population is
less than 20 years old and therefore of
school age. But the authorities wish to limit
the numbers entering secondary. school so
as to avoid swelling the numbers of edu-
cated unemployed. Only 30,000 pupils out
of a potential 150,000 entered secondary
schools this academic year. This may mean
120,000 teenagers ending up on the streets. .

There is similar tension at the University
— sometimes referred to as the “Unem:
ployment Factory”. Fear of unemployment
was one of the causes for the student riots
in February 1982. The government partial-
ly defused the. situation by promising to
find jobs for all this year’s graduates. __



The "Financial Times" whose two journalists toured industrial set ups in
September this year made an objective appraisal of Uganda's over-all economic
and political recovery observer: "painfully and slowly Uganda is pulling
itself out of the state of chaos, bloodshed and anarchy left by the legacy of
eight years of misrule of Idi Amin and by the bitter fighting which led to his
-Temoval.

The installed capacity of Nytil is 8 million metres annually and until 1972
the plant ran at this level. But as cotton output fell and spares dried up
production dropped.

cso: 3400/480

99



Factual Information Listed
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 Dec 82 p 1

[Text] The Roll Call

Existing State Proposed State Areas
1 Anambra State (a) New Anambra Anambra, Awka, Idemili,
State Thiala, Njikoka, Onitsha

Nnewi, Aguata

(b) Ebonyi State Ishielu, Ikwo, Ezza,
Afikpo, Oboazara and
Abakaliki

2 Bauchi State (a) Gombe State Akko, Tangale-Waja,

Dukku and Gombe

(b) Katagum State Shira, Katagum, Gamawa,
Misau, and Jam're

3 Bendel State (a) Anioma State Ika, Oshimili, Ndokwa,
Aniocha
(b) Delta State Bomadi, Burutu, Ethiope,
Isoko, Okpe, Ughelli,
and Warri .
4 Cross River (a) New Cross Calaba Municipality,
State River Akampa, Obubra, Ikom,
Ogoja, Odukpani, Obudu,
and Oron
5 Gongola State (a) Taraba State Wukari, Jalingo, Takum,

Bali, Sardauna, Karim,
Lamido, Ganye, Maye and
Gamadiyo districts of
Nu-man LGA

6 Imo State (a) Abia State Aba, Obioma-Ngwa, Ukwa,
Arochukwu, Ohafia, Bende,
Ikwuano/Umuahia, and
Isuikwuato district

7 Kaduna State (a) Katsina Daura, Dutsinma, Katsina,
Kankia, Mani, Malumfashi,
and Funtua

8 Ondo State (a) New Ondo Akoko North, Akoko South,

State Akure, Idanre/Ifedore,

Ife-sowapo, Ikale, Ese
Odo/Ilaje Ondo and Owo

9 Oyo State (a) New Oyo Ogbomosho, Oyo, Ifedapo,
State Iseyin, Kajola, Irepo

10 Rivers State (a) P/Harcourt Port Harcourt City, Tai
State Eleme, LGA, Bori LGA

Excluding (Odua) Commun-
ity and Ikwerre Etche,
and Ahoada

35

Capitals

ONITSHA

AFIKPO
GOMBE
AZARE

ANIOMA

UGHELLI

CALABAR

TAKUM

ABIA CITY

KATSINA

AKURE

oYo

P. HAR-
COURT



AGRICULTURAL POLICY PROBLEMS ANALYZED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 13 Dec 82 p 24

[Text]

cso:

NIGERIA lacks well defined
policies and confusing targets
‘with objectives in her

agricultural development efforts,
: Professor H. A. Oluwasanmi, has
‘ said in Zaira.
: Delivering a lecture titled:
“Assessment of past and present
} Agricultural Policies in Nigeria”
tas part of the 20th Anniversary
celebration of the Ahmadu Bello
: University, (ABU), Professor
Oluwasanmi said the method us-
ed by the government placed em-
phasis on public sector program-
; mes which more often than riot
© were badly executed.
; _ “Such programmes and pro-
jects failed woefully both to at-
; tain the government set objec-
} tives and fo solve the over-all na-

* tional problem of low aggregate:

production,” he said.
* Professor Oluwasanmi noted
that the impact of agricultural
licies from colonial era to date
: had resulted in gross misalloca-
tion of resources and were
therefore counter-productive.
“Governments in the country”
he said “have failed to appreciate

3400/476

60

-the crucial roles of the small
‘farmers in the Nigerian
agriculture and therefore have
failed to formulate policies that
‘wou: adequately cater for their
_needs.””
He maintained that Nigerian
‘governments had been misguided
the erroneous belief that,
‘public sector programmes of
rge-scale mi ised farming
constituted the only solution for
-the ills of our agriculture.
Professor Oluwasanmi advised
that attention be paid to educa-
. tion and manpower development
in agriculture, research and ex-
tension services adding that the
agricultural scene would con-
tinue to be dominated by millions
of ‘small-scale producers scat-
‘tered all over the country.
¢ He estimated ‘our farming
population in 1976 as 45.33 million
“noting that these. largely illiterate
farmers would need to be helped
to increase productivity through
the adoption of modern techni-

ques. :

“This calis for. extensive
research on problems confron-
ting small-scale farmers.”

NIGERIA



when he issued a short press statément
denying the crisis report which appear-
ed in The Nairobi Times. He claimed
that Jomo Kenyatta Foundation was
going ahead with printing of the
textbooks and that these should be
ready in time for the beginning of the
school year. Significantly, Odero
omitted any reference to private
publishers. a

cso: 3400/497

31



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

PORTUGUESE ASSISTANCE IN AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY PROMISED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 28 Nov 82 p 16

[Text] Lisbon--S, Tome and Principe and Portugual have agreed on major forms
of cooperation following the meeting of the mixed commission held recently
as disclosed by Luis Fontoura, Portuguese secretary of state for cooperation,
on his return to Lisbon yesterday.

The third mixed permanent Portuguese-Sao Tome and Principe cooperation commis-—
sion agreed that Portugual would render assistance in the areas of coffee-
growing, citrus fruits, cocoa and oil crop cultivation, fodder, beer brewing,
alcohol and brandy, and the pharmaceutical industry.

It was also decided to establish mixed enterprises in the sector of fishing,
naval shipyards, and banana cultivation.

"It was agreed to complete studies pertaining to highways, urban development,
basic sanitation and housing, studies which are already being conducted
through Portuguese cooperation and which will give rise to major undertakings,"
Luis Fontoura emphasized.

The secretary of state for cooperation stressed the "rapid progress of catching
up in commercial matters as well as the creation of financial instruments
which facilitate an increase in the flow of trade as well as the performance
of services by Portuguese enterprises."

The stay of Luis Fontoura in Sao Tome and Principe also produced a significant
in-depth development of cooperation in the social-cultural sector where
various actions, to be carried out in 1983, were outlined.

Luis Fontoura told ANOP [Portuguese News Agency] that he gave President of the
Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe Pinto da Costa a message from
Portuguese Prime Minister Pinto Balsemao.

Pinta da Costa in turn gave the secretary of state for cooperation an invi-
tation to Pinto Balsemao to visit Sao Tome and Principe.

The Portuguese government official also announced that Sao Tome and Principe
pledged to transfer to Lisbon monthly installments of amounts to be agreed
upon and relating to bank deposits belonging to Portuguese citizens.

5058
y 63
cso: 3442/80 _



UGANDA

BRIEFS

CORN EXPORTS TO TANZANIA--UGANDA has exported the first consignment of 600
tons of maize mill to Tanzania. The Area Manager of Produce Marketing Board
(PMB) Busoga Zone, Mr Odong, said a total of 20,000 tons are to be exported
through the Grain Milling Corporation of Tanzania. This will be done twice a
week for three months through Jinja. Seeing off the first consignment on MV
Uumoja Steamer yesterday, the Chairman of the Board of Directors of PMB, Mr
Odwori Mpoko, said this was to cement the blood relationship existing between
the two countries. He noted that the Jinja-Mwanza route which became opera-
tional after the liberation war was strategically vital for Uganda as alterna-
tive route in international trade. The chairman said PMB was prepared to ex-
port surplus food. He, therefore, appealed to Ugandans to grow more food to
meet this obligation. The Tanzania Trade Councillor in Ungada, Mr Nzungu,
appreciated "this gesture by Uganda government and added that his country was
prepared to import more maize flour. "We will always import from Uganda if
what we want is available here", he stated. [Opar Angala] [Text] [Kampala
UGANDA TIMES in English 13 Nov 82 p 1]

FUEL PRICES UP--TAXI fares yesterday went up by up to 100 per cent as the new
fuel prices went into effect. Bus, train and air fares also went up stiffly.
When filling stations opened for business yesterday morning, super petrol was
being sold for 150/- per litre, regular 140/- diesel 90/-, Kerosine 80/- per
litre and jet fuel 70/- per litre. Before the price increase a litre of super
petrol cost 120/-, regular 100/-, diesel 62/- and kerosine 36/- per litre. In
Kampala yesterday afternoon commuters were stranded because most taxis and
buses were unable to get fuel as [word illegible] filling station operated.
There was no explanation for this, although there was speculation that oil
companies had temporarily haulted deliveries to allow themselves time to ad-
just filling pumps. By yesterday afternoon, however, there was no noticeable
increase in the price of foodstuffs in most city markets. [Text] [Kampala
UGANDA TIMES in English 23 Nov 82 p 8]

cso: 3400/480

100



RURAL HEALTH PLAGUED BY CORRUPTION

Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

BULAWAYO. ~
ALTHOUGH there has

been a great advance in
the provision of health
care since indepen-
dence, inadequate
facilities, . manpower
shortage, slow adap-
tion to Government
: policy, inefficiency and
corruption: are ham-
pering the smooth
running of. health in-
stitutions in rural
areas. ,

In an interview the
Minister of Health, ‘Dr
Oliver Munyaradzi, ' sald
the problems faced
by rural hospitals and
‘¢linics had been com-
pounded by the inability of
district councils to run
them efficiently.

“Besides the manpower
shortages ‘and inadequate
facilities there is a man-
agement deficiency in
-that the district councils
are applying themselves
to a wide spectrum; of
_activities, including,
| provision of health care,
the said,

* “T have moticed a tend-
ency to stress certain
“functions and —_respon-
| sibilities ang neglect for
_others and unfortunately

3400/486

health is one sector that
has suffered.”

Unless the -, district
. Councils could .strike a
balance between . the
various services’ they had
to provide, health would
| continue. to be neglected.

Another _ problem - was
» that .people. expected the
Government to do every-
thing for them, whereas
the thrust of Government
> policy was -self-reliance
and community -particip-
ation in the provision pf
Tocal amenities.

Cde Munyaradzi sald in
some ateas, his ministry
hag .come across. “cases
. of sheer negligence, in-
efficiency, slovenliness,
dishonesty and - laziness”,
as well as “nepotism,
tribalism, favouritism and
corruption”. :

His ministry was wor-
ried about the wilful neg-
lect of the health sector. |

“In some cases ‘people
don't seem to.know who
is responsible ‘and yet it
is the new district coun-
cils who are to blame,”
he said.

‘The strain on the coun-
try’s health facilities was
partly due to the fact that
more diseases, which went
undiagnosed during the
war, were now being de-
tected, thus increasing the
number of patients seek-
ing treatment,

122

ZIMBABWE

100 PERCENT

,, Cde Munyaradzi esti-
mated that the increase in
the number of\ people seek-
ling. attention at referral
‘hospitals since independ-
‘ence could be ‘about 100
| percent.

\" Other factors responsi-
‘ple for the increase were
the free health policy for
those earning less than
‘$120 a month, “queue
|jumping” .— where people
went to big Hospitals in-
stead ‘of first attending
the primary centres —
,and easier mobility due to
the cessation of the war,
| But the situation did
not warrant the building
of more big hospitals.

“We may. have to in-
lerease the capacity of re-
'ferral hospitals tempora-
rily,” he said. “We must
realise that we could
|have to reduce these fa-
cilities when the pre-
iventive and . promotive
methods we are: employ-
ing at primary leve) be-
come successful.” -

Dr Munyaradzi ‘said the
(process of upgrading
‘medical assistants would
‘continue, but only those
who were. suitable and
‘eould benefit from the
exercise would be ‘con-
sidered,

Aptitude tests followed
by examinations, were
used to determine who
was suitable for upgrad-
| ing.



population was engaged in agriculture and
production was carried out on small plots
and in. few. co-operatives with limited
assistance from the government.. The
structural integration of the geo-political
entity called Nigeria into the world capital-

ist system had led to a bias towards the _

production of cash crops rather than tood
crops. But unlike in the Ivory Coast or
Kenya, there was no indigenous social class
that had a stake in agriculture as a base for
capital accumulation. The social class that
captured political power at independence
was more of a commercial and bureaucra-
tic bourgeoisie than a capitalist one. It did
not see rural development or agriculture as
aspects of society worth developing. The
net result was that except for community
self-help projects and infrequent and unco-
ordinated extension of assistance into the
rural areas, Nigeria lacked and has con-,
tinued to lack a rural development strategy
worth the name. at

The absence of a rural development
strategy in Nigeria is evidenced in the
conflicts between rural producers and the
government, constant decline in agricultu-
ral budgets, underfulfilment in the agri-
‘cultural sector in terms of. governmental
expenditure, deterioration of life in the
rural areas, massive migration to the urban
centres, decline in rural food and cash crop
production and the continued concentra-
tion of social services and power in the
urban centres. The frequent ‘complaint of
the post-colonial government. was the lack
of funds.as if that was an excuse to
concentrate the limited funds available in
the few urban centres: Thus, the. first
post-independénce National Development
Plan 1962-1968 and the Second National
Development Plan 1970-1974, were char-
acterised by a heavy dependence on for-
eign aid and the continued concentration
of power and services in the urban centres.
It is important to note that even in the
urban centres, only selected sectors, the
Government Reservation Areas (GRAs).
and the Senior Service Quarters (SSQs)
were given proper attention.

This situation .unfortunately, has not
changed and is not likely to change. De-
spite the massive increase in revenues
available to the government, the net im-
pact on state expenditure on the rural areas
and agriculture especially food production
appears to be the consolidation of existing
inequalities, the deliberate neglect of agri-
culture and-food production and the inten-
sification of food imports to meet the needs
of the rising urban population. Before we
take a look at the specifics of food imports
and the neglect of agriculture, let us

41

attempt an explanation of why the govern-
ment, in spite of its huge revenues. failed
to use oil wealth to creaté a viable agri-
cultural. base and move towards. self-
sufficiency in food production.

As we have pointed out earlier, the
colonial authorities in Nigeria did not rely
on an indigenous class of agricultural capi-
talists to reproduce the colonial agricultu-
ral system. Thus before independence, the
nationalist movement was led by a group of
petty-bourgeois elements — lawyers,
schoolteachers, trade union leaders,
clerks, journalists and petty-traders. Most
of the civil servants and politicians who
took over the state institutions in 1960
were part-time: traders, importers and ex-
porters, shareholders in the commercial
enterprises.in Nigeria and sole agents as
well as major distributors to the foreign
business: concerns in the country. It was
therefore. impossible for these petty-
bourgeois elements, who occupied a lucra-
tive but unproductive location in the pro-
duction and exchange processes in the
country to begin to invest in agriculture.
This ciass of compradors and commercial
capitalists have continued si political
independence to control plan initiation and
implementation in Nigeria. It is no wonder
therefore that budgetary allocation has
always been biased in favour of sectors that’
will enhance capital accumulation by inter-
nal capitalists and their foreign mentors.
The next question is: do the available facts.
bear out the view expressed by Mr.
Nwaobi that the country was moving to-
wards self-sufficiency in food production?
Our answer is an unqualified no. First let
us look at agriculture in general.

The Second National Plan states that
agriculture provides employment for about.
70 per cent of Nigeria's population. This
population is largely if not exclusively
resident in the rural areas. In spite of this
the government, especially since the oil.
boom, has initiated policies aimed at re-
legating the importance of the rural people
to the background of the development
process. There has been a steady decline in
budgetary allocation to agriculture and
rural development. The whole idea of
establishing rural industries has never ex-
isted beyond the pages of development
plans. In addition, the state and federal,
governments have gone into “direct pro-
duction” which involves the establishment
of farm projects and centres. These pro-
jects at best have failed woefully. Among
other things, they have led to physical
confrontation between displaced and un-
compensated peasants and the govern-
ment, the use of complex capital intensive



SOUTH AFRICA

BISHOP NKOANE REFUSED PERMISSION TO LIVE IN KWATHEMA
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Dec 82 p 1
[Article by Sello Rabothata]

[Text] BISHOP SIMEON NKOANE, Anglican Bishop Suffragan of the Springs Dis-
trict, was this week refused permission to move into his new house in Kwa
Thema because he does not qualify to live in the East Rand.

The Right Reverend Nkoane's refusal by the township manager was because he
does not qualify under Section 10 (la) or 10 (1b) of the Urban Areas Act to be
in the area.

ON Wednesday afternoon jubilant members of the Kwa Thema Anglican Church were
saddened by the disclosure that Bishop Nkoane could not move into the house,

situated in a posh suburb, called Mini Selcourt in the township. His furni-

ture and other belongings had to be stored in the local church.

Bishop Nkoane, in response to a question, said: "I don't know where I am
going to sleep in the meantime as the matter is still being sorted out".

"I was told I could not move into the house by the township manager, who read
a number of laws or regulations pertaining to the matter. He said that the
church could not be allowed to buy property on leasehold. And I also don't
qualify to acquire property on a leasehold in the area, because this can only
be done by people who have a 10 (la) or 10 (1b) qualification.

"One of the East Rand Board officials in Kwa Thema knew there would be diffi-
culty in my moving into the house and he did not give us hope. On Monday this
week, I went to the township manager in order to obtain at least a temporary
permit.

"We also inquired if the house could be bought in the name of the church. I
was told I could not be given the temporary permit until the trustees made a

formal application."

"Today I went to the area director, a Mr Steyn, who quoted a number of regula-
tions in connection with the matter and he said our application still had to
be processed and after that it took about a month before it would be known
whether it had been approved or turned down."

83



rura] development was ex-
amined both for the farm-
ing families and rural
community in general,”
they said.

One of the most im-
portant contributions to
the seminar was the will-
ingness demonstrated by
Angola to find economic-
ally appropriate ways of
marketing her oi] products
within the region.

“By building towards a
regional self-sufficiency in
petroleum products, "the
SADCC member _ states
will be strengthening both
their economic and poli-
tical independence.”

Industrial and commer-
celal energy requirements
account for a quarter of
the total consumption of

the region. Transport 1s
the largest consumer of
imported - oil and the
“heaviest drain on foreign

"exchange earnings”.

“Although ‘enerev for
transport is a vital issue,
given the commercial
energy surplus existing in
the region it is even more
vital to consider the trans-
port for energy,” the de-
legates said,

Other matters also con-
sidered were the conserva-
tion of other sources of
new and renewable energy
resources and the creation
of a regional electricity
grid system. | SADCC
countries “had enough
hydro-electricity for the
next 10 years and: “even
beyond”.

Imported Fuel Drains SADCC of Up to Half Its Foreign Currency

-EFFORTS are under way

in the SADCC countries
to conserve fuel and to
use other forms of energy
as a substitute. for im-
ported petroleum pro-
ducts.

Energy seminar . docti-
ments show that the use
of imported fuels in the
transport and agricultural
industries“ was draining
25 to 50 percent of the
foreign currency earnings
of the region.

Efforts were being in-
tensified to replace ex-
> pensive Hguld fuels and
electricity with other
cheaper forms of energy.
* “Zimbabwe: is encoura-
ging the use of producer
_gas instead of liquid fuel
and electricity for irriga-
tion. She is also promot-
“ing the use of solar
‘energy and coal for. dry-
-ing purposes in the farms
to avoid the continued
misuse of wood fuel for
similar purposes,” the do-
> cument. said.

SUBSTITUTION

About 20 percent of
Zimbabwe's petrol was
being replaced with
ethanol and some agricul-
tural equipment was being
designed in such a way
that it was run wholly on
ethanol. “This substitution
saves up to 20 percent
‘foreign currency expendi-
ture.”

‘Other areas being stud-
ied were wind and solar
generation of electricity;

ithe use of blogas plants
for power and the con-
struction of small hydro-
1 electric schemes through-
“out the country. :

In Tanzania, the high

Seosts of ofl imports and

foreign currency _con-
straints led the govern-
ment to introduce’ strict
energy conservation meas-
ures.

‘These measures included
the rationing of all petro-
leum products, the setting
up of uniform prices and
a Sunday driving ban.
“Restrictions on the im-
portation of motor vehi-
cles has also limited the

| consumption of petrol.

“Because of the auster-
ity measures taken, the
actual consumption -of
petroleum products does
not reflect the true de-
mand for the products in
‘the country,” according to
the documents.

Notable . developments
were made in the use of
other. forms of energy.
‘Wind was used for pump-
ing water in rural vil-
lages and solar energy
was used for drying crops
In some parts of the coun-

ry.

‘Wind, solar energy and
biomass projects” were
being developed in Malawi.
“although in some cases
very little has been done

due to some geographical
problems, a plant to manu-
facture ethanol from sugar
molasses is producing
seven million litres of
ethanol every year,” ac-
cording to the documents,
The ethanol, being blen-
ded at 20 percent with
petrol, had earned the
country substantial fo-
reign exchange by -re-
ducing petrol imports.
ETHANOL

“Apart from ethanol
from molasses, very little
is being done to utilise
available biomass, There
have been studies made on

’ the alternative use of

pinewood grown for use
in a pulp and paper mill,
but very little has come
out of these studies.”

Progress had been made
in Zambia, Mozambiaue,
Botswana, Lesotho, Ai
gola aud . Swaziland to
conserve the available
energy reSources and de-
velop other forms which
are cheaper and suitable
for_ their communities,

People in the region
were being encouraged to
plant more trees and edu-
cational campaigns to dis-
courage indiscriminate
tree. felling had been
launched by governments.

“In | Mozambique,- the
residues . of agricultural
waste are being used as a
valuable source of energy,
for electricity and steam
production,” according to
the documents.



Millions of Naira Losses Reported in Building Supplies

(Leke Salau, Basil Okoh; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 12 Dec 82).....

Food Self-Sufficiency Possibilities Analyzed
(Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere; WEST AFRICA,

Riot Organizers Said

Public

To Be Muslim Students Society
(Emman Omoha; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 5 Dec 82)....+sesseeeesees

Officers Said Refusing To Declare Assets
(Basil Okoh; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 5 Dec 82)........ eoeceee eee

Director Identifies Problem of Food Production
(NEW NIGERIAN, 8 Dec 82) ....-seeseseceseees

Katsina Steel Rolling Mill Commissioned
(NEW NIGERIAN, 7 Dec 82). .ccceccccccccrcccecseccecceeeees

Disadvantages of Rice Importation Analyzed
(G.0.I. Abalu; NEW NIGERIAN, 6 Dec 82)............ deeeee

Garba Mohammed Reportedly Named Maitatsine's Successor
(Francis Talabi; NEW NIGERIAN, 6 Dec 82)........ssseeeee

Tin Ore Production Reported Down
(Kachi Ndubisi; NEW NIGERIAN, 3 Dec 82)...

Shagari on Steel Development
(NEW NIGERIAN, 29 Nov 82).......40-

Abba Rimi Wants Permanent Solution to Religious Unrest
(Murtala Opoola, Aliyu Modibbo; NEW NIGERIAN,
23 NOV 82) .csececeecerceccecccecsssescecee .

Money Problems Noted With Bakolori Dam

(Ibrahim Salihu; NEW NIGERIAN, 23 Nov 82).......seseeeeee-

"Fanatics' Reported Attacking Police at Rigasa

(Francis Talabi; NEW NIGERIAN, 25 Nov 82)....cseeeeee sees

Conference Opens on Alternative Revenue Sources
(NEW NIGERIAN, 8 Dec 82).....eeeeeeceeeeees

Agricultural Policy Problems Analyzed

Briefs

(NEW NIGERIAN, 13 Dec 82).

Aid for Riot Visits
Police Equipment
Oil Statistics

38

40

4h

46

47

48

49

52
53

55

56
57
58
59
60

61

61



NIGERIA

MILLIONS OF NAIRA LOSSES REPORTED IN BUILDING SUPPLIES

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 12 Dec 82 p 1

[Article by Leke Salau and Basil Okoh]

[Text]

| MILLIONS OF
‘Naira worth _ of
‘building materials
tsupplied to the
Federal Ministry of
‘Housing: by some
‘contracting firms
shave disappeared

m the ware-
chouse of the Niger-
fia National Supply

L
‘Company (NNSC).
F She rate jals which
‘Include roofing sheets,
‘door and window
:frames, sanitry wares,
paints, electrical units
xanga cement were
moved to the NNSC.
aero by for safe
keep! some
othe 2 finns awarded
icontracts to supply
‘bullding materials for
tation of

gthe Im; t
ithe Federal Govern-

» The materials which
iwere . delivered since
‘March last year were kept
‘at the NNSC warehouse at
Lagos Port and Isolo but
‘owing to congestion, some
‘were later transferred to
;various state warehouses
jearly this year.

housing’ project.”

investigations revealed
that some of the equipment
being distributed to various
state capitals got host in
transit.

Sources at the storés and
warehouse department of
the NNSC confirmed that
the goods disappeared in
transit and suspected that
they were diverted to pri-
vate homes and ware-
houses.

The investigations also
revealed that the invoices,
receipts and inventory
books containing the re-
,cord of the goods have also
; been missing from the store
of the NNSC.

': As a result, the Federal
\Government may not be
table to know how many
fgoods were supplied nor
‘would it be able to recover
éthe missing ones.
F Apart from the losses in
rtransit, investigation re-
[vealed that some of the
+ goods were not supplied by
ethe contracting firms. The
contracts as at the time ofi
* award, totalled 71.8 mil-
: lion.
;, The total cost of the con-
tracts 1s likely to escalate
ybecatise some of the com-
“panies are claiming the cost
yof demurrage for storing
.the unsupplied equipment
sin private warehouses.

38

,- The contracts were
‘awarded in October 1980
| without the participation of
_ the Federal Tenders Board.
“It was revealed that an ad-
hoc committee was set up
| for the purpose and that
, 23 million was paid out
immediately to the contrac-
tors as commitment fees
while other amounts of
money were paid out to the
contractors without obtain-
ing valuation certificates to
verify the quantities and
,, quality of the goods sup-
plied.

The contractors involved,
and values of the contracts,
they won are:—

Industrial and Commerciah
Development Lagos —
10.8 million; Systemetal
Industrial Limited. Lagos —
8.9 million; Business In-
" ternational_Limited, Kano-
{2.5 million; General
* Supply and Distribution
{ Agency Limited, Kaduna
° — 18.86 million; Far-East
jy Merchantile. Limited,
«Lagos — 1.5 million;
South Post Development
Co. Ltd., Lagos — #1.99
~ million; Oddy Contracts,
lkorodu’ —¥1.0_ million;
Building Component Li-
mited, Ikeja — 43.8 mil-
lion; Gutheries Nigeria Li-
mited, Lagos — 4.5 mil-°
lion; Lajila-llalau Trading



FIRST GREEK AMBASSADOR PRESENTS CREDENTIALS

Victoria NATION in English 6 Dec 82 pl

[Text]

cso:

THE size and distance of a
country are immaterial in
the desire cf Greece’s first
socialist government to esta-
blish friendly relations, Mr. A
Afenduli, the first Greek Am-
bassador to Seychelles, said
over the weekend.

Speaking to Seychelles
Agence Presse three days af-
ter he presented his creden-
tials to President Albert René
at State House, the Ambassa-
dor explained that his coun-
try sought to develop and
maintain friendly relations
with all countries.

“Its policy is one of peace
and realism, and in that
sense, no distinction is made
between big and small coun-
tyies or of the. distance at
which they find themselves,”
Mr. Afenduli said.

International life

International life, the Am-
bassador continued, was
made up of relations which

3400/487.

69

developed” between nations,
and sso it was normal that
countries sought to get to
know each other better and

to understand each other.

more.
Noting that official diplo-
matic relations were esta-

blished between the two so-

‘ cialist governments only last

week, Ambassador Afenduli
commented, “‘This is just the
beginning .. .”

For the past week, the Am-
bassador has also been mak-
ing introductory calls on
Members of the Seychelles
Peoole’s Progressive Front
Central Executive Committee
and Government Ministers.

His accreditation comes at
atime when inter-party and
government talks have alrea-
dy been launched between

_the two nations through Sey-

fchellois ministerial * visits to
Athens earlier this year.

Ambassador Afenduli _re-
turned to Nairobi, where he
is based, yesterday.

SEYCHELLES



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON CAPE VERDE TALKS, AWB ARRESTS

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Dec 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

The number of baffling events tak-
ing place in this country are not un-
‘usual, as they are symptomatic of
2 serious internal and external prob-
lems deeply affecting our lives.
While most of us are aware of the
subterranean elements working,
that seem to be leading us to ulti-
mate destruction, there is this vague
feeling of disquiet about the inexpli-
cable. It seems there are too many
things going on behind our backs;
too many factors known only to
those in power who then take deci-
sions on our behalf whether we like

_ that or not.

There have been a number of such

baffling events in the past two’

weeks, starting with the Namibian-
Angolan talks on the Cape Verde is-
tlanids, the attack on Maseru, and the
> rounding up of members of the Afri-

| kaner-Weerstandbeweging (AWB).

The Cape Verde islands talks and
{the pounce on Maseru are signifi-
cant in differing, though related
ways. In the first place we were
cheered that the beginning of talks
,on neutral ground signalled the kind
:0f . perhaps intermittent talks over
‘the fate of Zimbabwe which, how-
ever, eventually led. to indepen-
dence.

Not long after these talks there
was this astounding attack on Ma-
_seru which in a way negated the
H talks at Cape Verde. The confusion

78

that this kind of thing causes only.
serves to fuel the mystery behind
the various moves, however much
we are informed about cause and ef-
fect, after the event.
~ While most of us were seratching
our heads over these peculiar turns
of events, Mr Eugene Terre’blanche
.and his cohorts were rounded: up
-and held under the dreaded security
laws. The fact that ‘an organisation
fin an exclusive Afrikaner mem-
bership has been detained, however
: radical they may be, leaves a lot for
| speculation and discussion. People
are beginning to wonder. what exac-
\ fly is going on here.
Although we have no truck with
: the AWB and those who think like
them, these acts are the beginning of
‘an inevitable move which was
' started when people were first de-
‘ tained without being. charged. We
have always said that the assault on
the civil liberties of any single indi-
vidual inevitably lead to an attack of
the liberty of all. This has been pro-
ven correct historically and the
chickens are only now coming to
roost.

Very soon the net is going to close
around those who have the least sus-
_Picion that they may be affected.

It is a particularly convincing les-
son to all South Africans. The other
point that seems worth raising is
that detentions without trial have



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JPRS 82685

20 January 1983

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Sub- Saharan Africa Report

19960820 189 ‘

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No. 2751

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

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are generally holding back in new investment, foreign enterprises
are looking for ways out and the government’s own investment
projects are delayed, under-spent and tangled up in the public
budget crisis.

5: The plan will assume to have 19-23% of GDP given over to
gross fixed investment, an admirable idea but one hardly squar-
ing with. trends: the calculated squeeze applied on business and
profligate state spending have produced the lowest investment
share in public outlays for many years.

6. 1982-83 exports will be shown 30% above the previous year
with a similar rise seen for 1983-84, indicating that the scribes in
Milton Buildings have been unaware of actual trends on export
markets, Most business houses foresee no improvement even in
the nominal value of trade. Somé ‘sectors such as mining are
likely to emerge 20-30% below previous performance.

7, Inflation will be expected at 15% annually over the plan
period, although the rather cautious IMF has told the govern-
ment that mid-year estimates of 1982’s rate will be at least 17%
and rising, and that in 1983 it could well be 4-5 points higher.

Meanwhile the planners have greatly alarmed many
corporate treasurers with their “policy”, set out boldly
in. the plan, to seek a deliberate and “large negative
balance on current account”. This particular policy is
dictated by the view that “the viability of the payments
position” be considered as secondary to “the require-
ments of growth”, so in 1982-83 it is “planned” to have
a current account deficit of ZD 702m, rising to 800m
in 1984-85. Even the Reserve Bank was unable to use its
prestige to get the policy altered. The plan’s credibility is
further stretched by hopes that there will be a large net
balance on capital account in each year up to 1985, with
net private transactions “expected” to rise from ZD
165m in 1982-83 to ZD 190m in 1984-85. Nobody
appears to have noted that the expected private net
inflow for the current year is minimal and that the
overall balance of payments deficit is around ZD 135m,

It is now clear that the plan has been drawn around a
3.3% population growth rate when even the Central
Statistical Office’s August 1982 census has brought in
preliminary results showing that not only is the popula-
tion probably over 10 million (compared to an official
8 million) but annual growth is more like 4.3%. Such
reliance on inaccurate figures may be because of official
unwillingness to acknowledge the latest results and their
profound implications. If so, there could be a rejigging
of the 1969 census to ‘show’ earlier under-counting, thus
statistically reducing the 1969-82 population growth
rate, which has already once been adjusted downwards
since 1980 with the help of UNICEF. Should this occur,
there will be great displeasure at the World Bank, like
the IMF, already unhappy with Zimbabwe’s slackening
approach to statistical rigour and disclosure. Other
donor dismay at such a course, equally. certain, would
add to: pressures to set the books aright. Yet the tempta-
tion is there, since for a short while at least it would
help conceal some explosive’ political issues, such as
annual job creation needs (made wholly unreachable
by present wage policy), real decline in average living
standards (now well under way), and glaring planning

104



CAPE VERDE

Protocol of Detailed Cooperation With Cuba Si;
(VOZ DI POVO, 8 Nov 82)......eeeeeeeee

Cultural, Scientific Cooperation With GDR

gned

(VOZ DI POVO, 19 Nov 82) ...eesescccsscesveccseccccceees

Briefs
Portuguese Urban Planning Delegation

GUINEA-BISSAU

Briefs
Border Friction With Guinea

INDONESIA

Reportage on East Timor Situation

(NOTICIAS, 26, 27 NOV 82) ..csseccsscsscccceeccccscscsees

FRETILIN Deplores Portuguese Desertion

Precise Words, Editorial, by Etevaldo Hipolito

IVORY COAST

Unemployment Leads To Alarming Increase in Crime
(Brigitte Vanderverken; WEST AFRICA, 13 Dec 82)..... eee

Textbook Shortage Looming for Pupils
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 3 Dec 82).........

NAMIBIA

Fate of Namibia's Political Detainees Discussed
(David Pieters; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 8 Dec 82).....

NIGERIA

Information on New State Proposals Outlined
(DAILY TIMES, 1 Dec 82)....-.seeeeeees

House of Representatives Report, by Jimmy Aderinokun

Factual Information Listed

Police Commissioners Scored for Part in Riots
(Leke Salau; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 5 Dec 82)

22

23

24

25

26

28

30

34

37



failures.

The great illusions cultivated in the planning debacle

are also shortly to be rudely shattered by even more
serious developments — Zimbabwe’s second request to
the IMF for balance of payments funding. Although
a latecomer to the Fund after joining in September
1980, Zimbabwe drew its first tranche standby of SDR
_37.5m in mid-1981. Under this agreement (expiry date
7 April 1982), the government accepted IMF controls
— at this stage mild only — on domestic credit, govern:
ment credit and non-concessional external borrowings
(1-10 year maturities). In the IMF’s view, performance
was up to a point reasonable, although during the agree-
ment period the government encouraged heavy parastatal
off-budget borrowings abroad and contraction of short-
term loans was rapidly increased. -

Against the forecast given to the IMF, the external
deficit widened sharply in late 1981 and Zimbabwe had
to' request the IMF for supplementary support. An IMF
team first visited Harare for this purpose in late January
1982 to conduct ‘Article IV consultations. The main
reason for the changed expectations was the plan itself,
a point not Jost on a miffed IMF, since it had been told
that export growth had been “planned” at 27% that
year. Only 6% expansion was realised, so leaving the
current account deficit at 12% of GDP (SDR 148m)
against an envisaged 4% (SDR 14m) provided for in the
IMF’s programme. Moreover, the position was deteriora-
ting steadily.

Flurry of IMF-government talks

Demotion of firebrand Enos Nkala, shifted from the
ministry of finance to national supply in the early 1982
cabinet reshuffle and integration of finance with Chid-
zero’s old MEPD, was probably because of the urgent
need to present an acceptable‘ technocratic face to the
country’s new and soon-to-be largest creditor. But the
flurry of IMF-government negotiations since February
has not yet yielded a final loan agreement. At least not
on terms wrought by the cabinet. The sequence of meet-
ings helps explain part of the saga:
1. The day before attending an investment conference on
Zimbabwe in New York on 26 March 1982, sponsored by the
African-American Institute and the American Bar Association,
Chidzero held talks with the IMF, trying to steer them around
to a new loan of about ZD140m — without a devaluation. On
;hand in New York were Terence Pike (exchange control manager
of the Reserve Bank), Christopher Kuruneri (FEPD) and Bryan
Walters. It seems that the IMF baulked, especially since it had
been encouraging devaluations elsewhere (eg Botswana and
Malawi) and Zimbabwe's dollar had been appreciating sharply
against the rand, the main trading partner and with which
exporters had been losing competitiveness and markets.
2. The next meetings took place in Washington on May 17-18
and August 4-5 with Treasury, Reserye Bank and other officials
in attendance,
3. In September Chidzero again took up direct discussions at
the IMF-IBRD annual meeting in Toronto. The request for a no-
devaluation package seems to have met stiffening resistance.

105



INDONESIA

REPORTAGE ON EAST TIMOR SITUATION
FRETILIN Deplores Portuguese Desertion
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 26 Nov 82 p 6

[Text] FRETILIN [Revolutionary Front for East Timor Independence] yesterday
reported a "certain desertion by its Portuguese allies" when the draft
resolution on East Timor was voted on this week in the UN General Assembly.

The FRETILIN position was expressed by FRETILIN member Abilio Araujo in an
interview granted to the Portuguese news agency ANOP. Araujo said that
despite the Portuguese diplomatic efforts, it had not been possible to bring
such countries as the United States and France to condemn Indonesia.

“FRETILIN believes, however, that despite the difficult nature of the problem
in the international arena, the continuing resistance struggle in East Timor
and its connection with the Indonesian people's struggle for democracy means
that, sooner or later, there will be a new wave of solidarity with the Maubere
people," Araujo declared.

The draft resolution on East Timor, urging that UN Secretary General Perez de
Cuellar be authorized to seek a solution to the problem, was approved Tuesday
by the United Nation, with 50 votes in favor, 46 opposed and 54 abstentions.

A week ago in the Decolonization Committee, the resolution received 48 votes
in its favor and 54 abstentions.

Precise Words
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Nov 82 p 5
[Editorial by Etevaldo Hipolito: "Precise Words"]

[Text] The prominence given to the Maubere people in the North American
press, as in recent months the Indonesian Government has reluctantly admitted,
is not surprising. It is the result of a situation achieved and maintained
in the midst of a struggle known by all to be harsh, difficult and marked by
heroic gestures. Because of their initiative on the battlefield, the patriots
have been receiving news coverage which, by right, they should have had long
ago.

26



BLACK SOCIAL WORKERS' PROJECTS DESCRIBED

Johannesburg SOWETAN In English 14 Dec 82 p 9

[Article by Elliot Makhaya]

[Text]

FONE of the ‘most ambitious pro-
FJects undertaken by the South Af-
ican Black Social Workers Asso-
ciation in the year 1982.was their

‘involvement with the youth in--

volving The Youth Programmes
Project.

To find out more about these
2 projects, we spoke to Mr Ben
¥ Nteso, popularly known as “BP”,
; who’s also chairman of the Johan-
: nesburg branch of Sabswa.
“We now have 18 youth clubs
in Soweto, from Diepkloof down
;.to Emdeni and Zola. And. we
have one social worker who as-

&

: sists the groups. She’s is a super-
: visor, namely Amanda Kwadi.”

“Mrs Kwadi saies the. groups
‘and motivates thém, because we
are trying to develop youth lead-
ership. They must be -able to
make their own decisions and
¢ take their initiative.”

The youth programmes include
.drama, poetry reading, music,
‘career guidance and other cultu-
tal. activities.

In October, Sabswa just let the
youth organise their own cultural
event at Entokozweni Centre in
Moletsane.” This was a mam-
moth.thing,’”’ Ben enthuses.
-“They organised it themselves,
f and all we did was to give them a
minimal financial backing for
props and so on because we don’t
want them..to depend on hand-
outs. We don’t want to just give
them money. They must take the
initiative because that’s our main

f ceamenennne

85

p objective in running these clubs
— leadership and initiative.”
The Ford Choirs competition

SOUTH AFRICA

held this year was helpful to the ©

Pacer “From their fund-
” he explains, “we were able

- provide Mrs Kwadi with some

: cash. to get the various groups.
Boing. ,
seo“Youth should be encouraged

(mot only academically, but they
‘= should also be creative in drama,
|) music, poetry and all cultural ac-
tivities. This is our major aim, to
. teach them to be on their own,
and be responsible citizens of to-
i morrow with their own drive,” he
said.
“And we are quite happy to an-
nounce that the youth belonging
{. to our respective clubs can stand
on their own and make their own
decisions. We are getting some-
where .. . up there.”

He adds: “We are seriously
worried about the crime rate in
our townships, but I would hate
to say that we must keep the kids
off the streets. We must rather
keep them positively engaged.”

Besides the clubs operating un-
:., der Sabswa, Ben Nteso also dis-
«closed that they support the

YMCA in their continuation of

youth programmes.

The South African Black Social
‘Workers Association is a profes-
sional association of black social

» workers which would like to ad-
here. to the principle of non-dis-

|. crimination as enunciated in the



SOUTH AFRICA

MPCS DETAINED AFTER HUMAN: RIGHTS LEADER'S CHURCH ADDRESS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Dec 82 p 5

[Text] &-PORT ELIZABETH. — * cars leaving the church
'-A charge has been * after the service. Before
brought against 31 Whites the meeting opened,
who attended a church \{ people outside the church
service organised by the hall were photographed
Detainees’ Parents Sup- ! from a vehicle parked op-
port Committee and ad- ” posite the building. .
+ dressed by veteran human "Mrs Di Bishop said: “It
tights. campaigner, Mrs _ was unbelievable to see
_ Helen’ Joseph, for il- ‘ the amount of manpower
legally entering the New and trucks used to harass
‘Brighton township: * the 31 White people who
Those charged included had come to listen to one
.Mrs Molly Blackbur, of South Africa’s most
MPC for Walmer, Mrs Di outstanding women.
Bishop, MPC for Gar- “We witnessed a ridicu-
“dens, Mr Brian Bishop, lous show of force which
chairman of the Civil would not intimidate me
Rights League, the Rev or anybody here from
George Irvine of St {moving freely in the coun-
John’s Methodist Church try of our birth.”
in Port Elizabeth, five | “Mrs Blackburn said Mr
journalists, a Rhodes Louis Koch, chief direc-
University staff member, | tor of the Eastern Cape
students from. Rhodes | Administration Board,
and the University of the had told her on a number
Witwatersrand, and + of occasions she was wel-
members of the Black ‘come to attend church
| Sash. services in the township.
Mrs Joseph, ‘who as a ’ Asked for comment,
listed person may not be Mr Koch said his depart-
quoted, obtained a permit “ ment had stopped issuing
to be in the area. Police permits for people attend-
armed .with semi-auto- ing bona fide church ser-
‘matic weapons and dogs vices at the invitation of
“mounted roadblocks in the church or as guests of
,the area of the Arthur members of the congrega-
“Wellington = Methodist tion.
Church where the service He said as far as he
‘was held. could recollect, Mrs
: They also patrolled the Blackburn had an “open”
;area in vans and stopped permit. — Sapa.

CSO: 3400/483



The fire which broke out on the same day in the commercial port of that same
city involved a container that, in addition to construction materials, held
straw, wood, and glue; it was caused by the penetration of mechanical sparks
into its interior, coming. from the cutting of a crane bolt which was on that
container and which had been there fore about 3 months. In the meantime the
ministry is calling upon all defense and security forces and the entire popu-
lation to step up their vigilance since the domestic and foreign enemy is at
all times trying to destabilize the country economically, something which has
a major effect on the provinces in the south, particularly Namibe, as happened
in recent days.

5058
csO: 3442/77



‘most developing countries to
temporarily eliminate their food
‘gaps and to quiet their hungry
‘ populations.

Historically, both of these op-
“tions have often turned out to be
‘unreliable, capricious and

disastrous to the agricultural in-
Aerests of the nations that benefit
from it.
‘Food give-aways in the form of
“aid only succeed in_providing
temporary relief. Yet, They create
ia false sens » of secufity thereby
‘preventing the internal ad-
» justments and resource realloca-
tions that are necessary to effec-
tively respond to changing world
+ food conditions.

DEPENDENCE

* In addition to creating an
unhealthy dependence’ on the
unreliable generosity of the
developed countries, these food
aids impinge on the dignity of a
nation by subjecing its people to
the status of a hungry, helpless
and begging lot.

Fortunately, Nigeria, thanks

, largely to her export earnings

from oil, has not yet had to sub>

ject its people to this type of a

disgraceful and disgusting state

‘of affairs.

}- But Nigeria has had to import
massively to fill the food gaps in
the country. The problem,
however, is that large food im-

* ports invariably lead to a vicious

:eirele from which many coun-

tries have been unable to ex-

: tricate themselves.

A nation that imports large
uantities of food is forced to

: divert its scarce foreign ex-

change earnings into food and
away from economic activities

“such as export crops production

‘ and basic industrial production,
} two production areas which are
‘ necessary to build permanent op-
| portunities for exports and ac-
* cumulation of foreign exchange.

The consequence of this is a
deterioration in the foreign ex-

‘change earning capacit) of ,the
country and the eventual decline
in her ability to continue to im-
* port the very food items on which
she has grown to be so dependent.

However, what is of immediate
concern in this article is not so
much the inevitable inability of
Nigeria to continue to import rice
into the country at levels capable
of satisfying current demands,
tastes, and preference, but: the
social costs and consequences to
the nation that continued impor-
tation of rice would entail.

The ‘theory of social costs is
basic to modern economics of
welfare. It concerns the actions

-of business firms which
have harmful effects on
others and how the con-
flicts thus created should
be resolved. In the rest of this ar-
ticle, the concept of social costs is
developed as a special case in a
two party framework of foreign
rice producers and Nigerian rice
farmers.

Sim, 'y stated, the problem is
as follows. The production ac-
tivities of foreign rice farmers
(let’s for purpose of ‘analysis say

‘American rice farmers) are
creating harmful effects for their
Nigerian counterparts.

Because of the use of ap-
propriate policies by their

: government and inappropriate
ones by ours, the American
[farmers are able to produce and
‘sell their crops to Nigeria con-
sumers at the expense of
Nigerian farmers. .

The ideal solution of the problem would have been for the pricing system to
ensure that the Nigerian farmers are compensated for the harm done to them
by their American counterparts.

However, because of imperfections in the pricing system resulting from the
consequences of an over-valued currency, political pressures, and the sel-
fish interests of international rice merchants, the pricing system is incap-
able of performing this task.

50



GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS SYSTEM REPORTED IN MESS

Kampala THE EQUATOR in English 30 Nov 82 pp 1-2

[Text]

THE accounting system in several)
Government depertments and the
Kampala City Council is in a mess
due to lack of experienced person:
nel,

This unhappy state of affairs sur-
faced in the course of » discussion
between Kampala’s Mayor, Alder-
man Fred Seemaganda, and a dele-

from Glasgow City, Scot-
land, which Paid a courstesy cal] on
him in his parlour last week.

The Mayor frankly admitted that
the Council’s accounts were in s
most unsatisfactory state and poin-
ted out the last Balance She-t was
produced eight years ago.

He called for technica] assistance
to help remedy the situation.

The two-man delegation from
Glasgow consisting of James Mof-
fat, Glasgow City Accountant, and
Seamus McDaid for the Glasgow
College of Technical Education,
were accompanied to the Mayor's
Parlour by the British High Com-
missioner, H, Fry.

The delegation spent ten days in
Uganda on a mision to explore
how Glasgow City can establish
an exchange programme with Ka-
ampala City and other urban author-
ities in Uganda which would in-.
clude the offer of technical assist-
ance. Thev visited the urban auth-
orities of Kampala, Entebbe and
Jinja and the Ministries of Health,
Education, and Planning and Econ-
omic Development. They aiso vist-
ed Makerere University, the Ugan-

92

da College of Commerce, and the
Institute of Public Administration.

The delegation expressed the
view that there i, a shortage of
trained personnel, particularly at
the technician level, and that at the
professional leve] there is iack ot
experienced accountants,

The situation was made worse
by the fact that many pcople had
been “slotted into pasitions” they
did not merit; merely because they
happened to “be around at a cer-
tain point in time.”

The delegation suggested that
the short-term remedy was to con-
duct short intensive courses local-
ly for personnel from the lowest to
the highest level.

They said two or three skilful
trainers would be sent out to con-
duct three months course, at differ-
ent levels. Courses would also be
mounted for those who man the
training institutions s0 as to streng-
then the training functions of those
institutions,

They suggested that inducements
should be paid to those who did
well at the courses to enSure they
remained in Government services.

The delegation agreed with the
Mayor that the short courses pro-
posed were not the best atnwer to

_the problem, but they pointed out

that after conducting ‘ne courses
there will be continous monitoring
to gauge the effect of the training
provided. -

_. The Mayor was of the view that_

UGANDA



cso:

place “Foreign Affairs” more
accurately reflects, Dr. Ferra-
ri explained, Seychelles’ de-
sire to establish good and
fruitful relations with other
countries.

This department remains
more or less the same as
when it was the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs, but with one
very important addition.

An Economic Relations Di-
vision has been inherited
from Dr. Ferrari’s former Mi-
nistry of Planning and Deve-

‘lopment.

By tying Seychelles’ eco-
nomic co-operation efforts
with foreign countries to its
external relations policies. a
close link has been created

“through the Economics Divi-
‘sion, with the Planning De-

partment.

“| will personally make

3400/487

71

sure that this new ministry is
very integrated,” Dr. Ferrari
said. “There will be close re-
lations and a lot of meetings
and discussions between the
two departments so that what-
ever a division or department
is doing, it will be known by
the others.”

Minister Ferrari equally
stressed that he would pro-
mote “very close relations”
with other ministries and de-
parments, especially the Mi-
nistry ' of National Develop-
ment and the Department of
Finance.

“We don’t want to dupli-
cate efforts. We are still train-
jing-the people we need and
meanwhile, we cannot waste
the time of those we already
have. Their time should be
put to the service of their

people”.



FATE OF NAMIBIA'S POLITICAL DETAINEES DISCUSSED

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 8 Dec 82 p 7

[Article by David Pieters]

[Text]

VERY few of
Namibia’s political
detainees . are ever.
brought to trial, the Ter-
ritory’s Attorney
General, Mr Don
Brunette, said ‘this
weekend.

“There is one case
pending at the moment but
usually not more than one
or two a year eventually
appear on charges”, Mr
Brunette said. :

The State of Namibia’s
unknown number of
political prisoners attracted
attention again with the
release of Amnesty Inter-
national’s latest report, fol-
lowed by an accusation

“that South Africa was tor-

turing political prisoners in
Namibia and a call to the
SA Prime Minister for an
independent inquiry.

This was punctuated
with the deaths of two
Kavango residents shortly
after their detention by
Police forces in separate in-
cidents on the same day
last week.

Commissioner of SWA
Police General _ Dolf

“Gouws rejected Al’s claims

-that detainees in Namibia
are. tortured and mis-
treated.

32

“I am shocked at the ac-
cusation.” he said.

While © SA Police
Minister Louis le Grange’s
recommended guidelines
for treatment of detainees
does not apply in Namibia,
‘rights of prisoners held
without trial are laid down.

The actions of the Police
are governed by the same
regulations contained in

‘standing orders of the SA

Police in this regard,
SWA’s- Security "Police
Chief Brigadier Johannes
van der ‘Merwe com-
mented.

And .a" spokesman for
the SWA Territory Force
said in reply ‘to the same
query that army person-
nel’s treatment of detainees
were subject to the provi-
sions of AG Proclamation
9 of 1977...

Most political prisoners.
‘presently..in“custody are
being held under this
proclamation according
to chief director of the
~AG’s office in Windhoek,
Advocate John Viall.

DISTRICTS
AG 9 —_ Security
Districts Proclamation
1977 — has been amended
‘a number of times for the
proclamation of areas out-

| SECURITY
}

NAMIBIA



RIOT ORGANIZERS SAID TO BE MUSLIM STUDENTS SOCIETY

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 5 Dec 82 p 12

[Article by Emman Omoha]

[Text]

SOME members of the Mustim Stuaents Society (MSS)
jmain architects of the October 30 Kano Religious Disturbances in the state capital.
{__ In his testimony before Datti Ahmad Administrative Committee probing the October
'30. Religious Rampage, Alhaji Shaibu Ahmed, who is the Principal of Gwale Secondary
‘School, said members of the Muslim Students Society (MSS), allegedly from seven institu-
itions in the state masterminded, planned and executed the October Religious Violence.

The witness gave names
of the institutions that took
i part as his own school (GSS,
Gwale); Government Ara-
‘bic Teaching — ° School,
}Bayero’ University. Kano‘
‘Advanced. Teachers! Col-

“School and School of Ara-
"bic Studies all in Kanb.

° The’ Principal,» ‘Alhaji
"Shaibu gave the committee
‘the names of the students as
‘Salihu’ Denji, ‘Isa Aliyu,
Bashir Ibrahim, S. Abdul-
tkadir all from Bayero Uni-
‘versity and Amihu A. and
Mohammed from the Adv-
‘anced Teachers’ College,
iKano-

¢° The student leader, the
itness further. said, had.
iso paid “similar unfamil-
iar” visits to ‘Technical
;Vocational Training Centre
;and Advanced Teachers’
'College for the same pur-
|. The committee also

vheard that before the reli-
-gious -disturbances, two

#men whose names were

, given as Mohammed Has-
san and Mohammed Sa’adu
“came to the school and in-
troduced themselves as reli-
igious preachers in Kano.

“The witness further told
‘the probe committee how
jhe organised an immediate
‘roll call on the fateful day.
“and discovered that some of
his students were absent

“and gave the names of those:
“absent as “Sanusi Rabiu,

(headboy); Sanusi ‘Garba,

“Mohammed Nura, Aminu

Salisu, Abdulkarim Bala
and Audu Adamu whom,
he said, were all school pre-
fects.of the institution.

The committee also

* heard from another witness,
“a contractor, Mr. Felix A:

Emenike, who informed the
probe committee that he
saw children between the

“ages of eight and teri on the
fateful day in their “re-

‘spective school ‘uniforms

ho directed them in Hausa
guage shouting “A sa
:wuta” meaning “set it on
fire”. .

4h

sing commanded by adults -

have been Identified as the

The Datti Ahmad Admi-

nistrative Committee also
heard how an anonymoys
letter was sent-to the Emir
of . Kano, . Alhaji _ Ado
Bayero, days before the re-

* ligious bigots struck.
Testifying before the
committee at his palace,
Alhaji Ado Bayero, told the.
| probe: that the anonymous
Hetter he -received in his
palace was bearing no.sen-
der’s address or any identi-
‘fication: mark which could
‘ give a true account of the

dangers ahead.

The emir who expressed
utter dismay at the anony-
* mous letter told the’ probe
committee that the religious
rioters were _ protesting
among other things over the
proposed extension prog-
ramme of the Anglican
‘Church, Fagge, which: sup-
posedly sparked off the reli-
gious disturbances. :
Alhaji Ado ~ Bayero
Jamented and blamed the
religious disturbances on
the high rate of indiscipline
among -youths and attri-

NIGERIA



WANKIE'S HWANGE EXPANSION PROJECT DESCRIBED

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Dec 82 p 15

{Article by David Linsel1]

[Text]

BREATHTAKING, ‘intimidating, awe-in

oat of superlatives.

ZIMBABWE

spiring, colossal. — one just runs

Unless it is seen at first hand, there is.no way in which the 3 500-tonne
walking dragline, the dominant feature of the Wankie Colliery: Company’:

$128 million expansion
‘project at Hwange, can
be described.

The largest single piece

of machinery ever import-
ed into Zimbabwe, it is

.claimed also to be the

largest in Africa north of
the Limpopo,

It is quite simply enor-
mous.

Designed and fabricated
by Bucyrus-Erie Corpora-
tion in the United ‘States,
the dragline was broken
down into movable ‘loads
and shipped across the

Atlantic to Durban in
stages — and there Is
more to come — before

“being transported by low-

loaders in. convoys, and
by train to the new open-
cast mine.

The $20 million machine
should be completed by
‘June next year, 13 months
after assembly began.

The cost of assembly,
however, is a further $3
million.

‘Welding all the many
components is’ well under
way. The massive base
has been completed and
work on the cavernous

machine room — roughly
the size of a three-
‘storey house — and the

swive]
finished, -

The ‘most’ delicate job
is probably welding ‘to-
‘gether the many sections
that make up the 106m
Jong boom and the 58m
high mast which will sup-
port it.

The only method of en-'
suring total accuracy is
‘by lining the : various
struts by a theodolite be-
fore the welders get to
work, Each weld, once
cooled, is then X-rayed
for soundness,

If a fault is found then
the weld is broken, strip-
ped and cleaned before
work begins again, Were
this not done any single
weakness would wreck the
boom or mast, even though
they are supported by
four-inch thick cables, once
the dragline became opera-
tional.

: - Because of its immense
weight, the dragline will
not rest on tracks, hence
the circular base which is
17,7 metres in diameter.
Instead it is fitted with
two shoes measuring 3m
wide and 19m long on
either side of the base,
which will permit it to
take 2,6m steps at a time.

table is almost

113

Powered by numerous
electric motors it will con-
sume 4475 kilowatts.

The huge bucket is about
60 cubic metres in size and
will pick up some 75 ton-
nes of overburden with
each scoop.

Many people have been

under the impression that
the dragline will be used
to scoop out coal from the
new open-cast area, Not
so. Its sole purpose is to
remove the overburden, or
earth, covering the thick,
rich coal seam. The scoop/
dump operation is essen-
tially an infill exercise to
avoid leaving an ever
‘growing gaping crater.
. After all, what is the
point of leaving a great
hole in the ground when
it can be filled in, left to
settle, and the Jand then
used for some other pur-
pose?

To assist ‘vith the con-
struction and training,
Bucyrus-Erie have secon-
ded a handful of their
top technicians to the
company, Once their task
has been completed,’ they
will return to the. Uni-
ted States leaving Zim-
babweans to run the
whole operation.



DISADVANTAGES OF RICE IMPORTATION ANALYZED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 6 Dec 82 p 24

NIGERIA

[Article by Professor G.0.I. Abalu, Dept. of Agricultural Economics & Rural

Sociology Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria]

[Text]

SINCE 1974, Nigeria Has in-
creasingly depended on food im-
ports to meet her domestic food
requirements. Rapid population
increases coupled with increases
in money income have seen the
food import bill of the country ex-
“plode from very negligible pro-
portions in the early nineteen six:
ties to a current unprecedented
level of almost two billion Naira
per annum

Previous governments of the
country including the incumbent
one have found it easy and
necessary to encourage the im-
portation of incréasing volumes
of food items as a quick and less
painful way of feeding the na-
tion’s teeming population and
‘defusing pelitical pressures that
are bound to arise as a result of
non-availability of staple food
items in urban markets and in
rural areas.

It is therefore not surprising
that rice has turned out to be the
biggest food value item in the na-
tion’s food import bill. There are’
several factors responsible for
this new found siatus of rice in
‘the nation’s diet. The most impor-
tant of these has to do with the
relative price of rice vis-a-vis the
price of hitherto popular food
staples.

t As long as the relative value of
our national currency vis-a-vis
, the value of the currencies of ma-
| jor rice producing nations remain
zat its present level it would con-

49

| tinde to be significantly cheaper
: to import rice into the country

than to produce it or any other
© staple crops locally.

It is for these reasons that rice,
has replaced the traditional
grains such as sorghum, millet,

‘and maize, as well as the non-
grain substitutes such as yams,

yeassava, and plantains in the

* diets of most Nigerians. In
response, the international mer-
chants 6f the rice have spared no
efforts to ensure that the demand.
forthe crop is maintained at
desperately high levels in most
developing countries. This in turr”

, has guaranteed ready markets

| for their crop and the protection
of their domestic producers.

It is certainly not by accident

that rice has replaced items such ~

as ‘garri’ as the most convenient
~ food items in any housewife’s

food shelve’ It is only a matter of

-time before we get into a new era

‘of rice and rice products that can

be prepared and served with little
sor no preparation.

Unfortunately, these types of
development have only benefit-
ted the rice farmers in the
‘developed countries at the ex-
pense of their Nigerian counter-
»parts. Yet, as of now, rice is
among the very few crops. in
which Nigerian farmers can be
truely . self-sufficient without
much difficulties.
< Traditionally, food trade and
+direct food aid have been used by



cso:

3400/474

‘puted ‘the ‘same to what he
*-called “misguided” publica-
ions and differences  ex-
‘isting among numerous Teli-
© gious leadersin the country.
i ‘The emur also told the
rpanel that the’ frequent
“posting of different expatri-
Fate religious “leaders . to
"schools was one of the con-
" tributing factors to such reli-
»- gious uprising.

;. He urged the committee
: to justify their appointment
by digging and eventually
[piecing together the causes
‘of the disturbances with a
‘view to finding a lasting
solution to avert future
occurences.
e. The emir praised the
| Kano State Government for
{setting up thé investigating
F committee. .

45



cso:

That was why, he explained,
since the launching of the
Seychellois Socialist Revolu-
tion in 1977, the Government
had adopted a policy of self-
reliance, basing its economy
on resources which it not only
had in abundance, such as
those of the sea, but which
it could also control.

Turning to’ the subject .of

education, Mr. Bonnelame re-
called that in the past, a dis-
tinction had been made be-
tween those who were destin-
ed to use “only their intelli-
gence and never their hands”
and those who were destined
to,use “only their hands and
never their intelligence.”
-. Though the latter group
contained such vital people
as fishermen and farmers,
they were never trained.

HARD LIFE

“Today. all Seychellois, in-
cluding fishermen and fanm-
ers, are regarded, first and
foremost as technicians, need-

ing both their intelligence and

3400/487

74

their hands.” Mr. Bonnelame
said.

The school’s acting direc-
tor, Mr. Jean-Claude Faquet,
remarked that the life of a
seaman was the hardest there
was with new lessons to be
learnt everyday on the seas._

Several parents also turned
up at the school at Mont Fleu-
ri for the graduation cere-
mony. ~

The young sailors, aged
between 16:and 19. have
trained for the past nine
months to two years at the
school, at the Coetivy SPDF
Training Centre, where they
did three months of para.mili-
tary and disciplinary courses,
and on vessels of the Fishing
Development Company (Fi-
deco) and the Seychelles
People’s Navy.

After 18 months of practical
experience at sea, some of
the graduates will return to
be sent for overseas training
as officers in specialised
fields. _



Bishop Nkoane told The SOWETAN that the matter seems to be more difficult be-
cause it does not have "a precedent".

The township manager in Kwa Thema, a Mr Bezuidenhout, was not available for a
comment.

Bishop Nkoane, who was formerly the Dean of St Mary's Cathedral in Johannes-
burg and lived in the city, was consecrated Bishop Suffragan of Johannesburg
East not more than two months ago.

He was then moved to a new diocessan in the East Rand and his parish will
include most of the area. Bishop Nkoane, former rector of the Natalspruit
Anglican Church, became the second black person to be appointed dean of Jo-
hannesburg. He succeeded Bishop Desmond Tutu, when he (Bishop Tutu) became
bishop of Lesotho in 1976.

cso: 3400/483

84



cso:

3400/474

5 Company, Apapa — M4
© million; Denton Internation-

al Limited, Falomo, Lagos
11.5 million: Adamson
Coatings and Pairit Ltd.,
tkeja — ¥1.5. million.
Testifying before the
Senate Committee on
Works and

Housing, the
- Minister of Housing, Alhaji-

Ahmed Musa, confirmed
that an internal audit re-

* port had revealed that mil-

lions of Naira worth of
equipment were missing ‘ar
not supplied by the contrac-
tors.

The minister also admit-
ted that some of the con-
tractors were incompetent

_and failed to work on

agreed terms.
Alhaji Ahmed Musa also

* said that the ministry had

not taken afly action to
* make the defaulting com-
‘panies refund the money
lost.

39



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MUZOREWA'S SONS DETAINED--HARARE--Two sons of the former Zimbabwe-Rhodesian
Prime Minister, Bishop Abel Muzorewa, are being held by police after a raid on
the family home in the fashionable suburb of Borrowdale, Harare. Wesley (26)
and Chido (20) are being held under the Law and Order Maintenance Act, an In-
formation Ministry spokesman said. The spokesman said they would be charged
in court under the Act, which covers anti-security violations. Mr John Muzo-
rewa, the uncle of the detainees, said that the two men were picked up after a
police raid on Bishop Muzorewa's home on Wednesday night. He said two pistols
were uncovered from the grounds of the house by the police. Bishop Muzorewa
was Prime Minister of the country between February and December 1979. [Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Dec 82 p 11]

TEAHA MEMBERSHIP--ZIMBABWE has been accepted as a member of the Trans-East
African Highway Authority (TEAHA) the Minister of Transport, Cde Farai Masan-
go, announced on Monday. At a reception to welcome delegates to the Shell
regional road transport workshop in Harare, he said the development of TEAHA
was an exciting prospect for the road transport industry as well as producers
in Zimbabwe and the SADCC countries. "It will mean that Zimbabwe producers,
particularly farmers, will be able to transport their produce to the north-
east markets." The TEAHA was an OAU plan aided by he Economic Commission for
Africa to build a highway from Cairo to Gaborone. Cde Masango suggested that
to strengthen regional road transport, the SADCC must develop a uniform tariff
structure. It was also important that the group agreed on a more rational
system of permits to avoid wasteful competition and uneconomic investments.
While all these economic prospects sounded exciting, the road transport in-
dustry would not develop unless road users adopted safe driving methods. "I
want to take this opportunity to warn the general motoring public that as the
Christmas and New Year holidays draw near, it is even more important than ever
to drive safely, to make sure vehicles are roadworthy and to avoid driving
under the influence of alcohol." [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Dec
82 p 5]

LABOR UNITY--EIGHTY percent of the trade unions in Zimbabwe have responded
favourably to the repeated appeals by the Government and the ZCTU to have one
union for each industry, the Publicity Secretary of the ZCTU, Cde Elphegio
Soko, said yesterday. He said this was "most encouraging" and called on the
few splinter unions to unite as soon as possible so that the labour movement
in Zimbabwe would be more powerful and viable. "I am glad that 80 percent of

125



are continuing strong-arm methods of interrogating suspect
civilians. In many cases there is little option. The guerrillas often
wear the same uniforms and carry the same arms as their Shona
adversaries. Many of them even speak Shona. On 5 November
the government published an edict, under its emergency powers
regulations, ordering all police, soldiers, airmen, reservists and
other security force personnel to hand in their battle dress by
Ast December so that they can be issued with another design
of dress.

There is little doubt that prime minister Robert Mugabe
hopes to crack down on the dissidents with increasing force.
He made that fairly clear at a meeting on 18 September with
white farmers in the south. (Last month two army deserters
accused of rape, robbery and murder were executed — the first
executions since independence in April 1980). He says that
while the security problem in Matabeleland is the responsibility
of the security forces, the political problem is the responsibility
of Nkomo. The latter has been used twice to defuse explosive
circumstances — in June, under pressure from Mugabe, he held a
news conference to denounce the dissidents; and in August when
he stumped the Matabeleland countryside urging villagers’ to
report any sightings of the. kidnappers with their hostages. All
along Nkomo has stressed the need for-talks between ZAPU and
ZANU. He has received no response from the government, which
in turn is under pressure from more extremist Shonas to exclude
from government all ZAPU members. “

While Nkomo undoubtedly retains’ the support of nearly
all Ndebele civilians, his influence over the dissident guerrillas
— young, disillusioned men — is now in doubt. Notes said to
have been written by them refer to Nkomo as a “sell-out” and
a “soft one”. Many of them probably now hold the still detained
Dumiso Dabengwa (ZIPRA chief of security during the
war) in higher esteem than Nkomo, Whatever the
position, the tactic of isolating Nkomo has gone on long enough
to be almost irreversible. Short of his death, there is little chance
that he can become part of a political solution

One of the main American talking points during the visit by
George Bush was US concern for human rights in Zimbabwe.
The gist of the message was that if human rights violations did
not lessen considerably, aid to Zimbabwe would be in jeopardy.
So far the US has granted $162m. It will be recalled that in
October the US ambassador in Harare, Robert Keeley, sent to
the foreign affairs ministry a letter signed by about 80 American
congressmen (Democrats and Republicans) expressing concern
over civil rights in. Zimbabwe, and that the Zimbabwean
ambassador in Washington was summoned to the State Depart-
ment to be given the same message.

The US also has an interesting bed-fellow in Harare — China —
which like the US is continuously stressing the need not to upset
the 170,000 remaining whites at the risk that they will leave.

The Zimbabwean reaction to the US admonishment was not
hostile. But it was pointéd out that the country has grave
security problems: (South African threats, and its support for
the MNR (AC Vol 23 No 15), doubts about the loyalty of whites
in key military, police, intelligence and civil service positions)
and therefore needed. special measures to handle them. The
Americans then argued that Herbert Ushewokunze’s welter of
detention orders for minor cases were victimisation, and that,
for example, Willy Stuttaford’s 10-month pre-trial detention was
a typical case of law and order broken down.

The Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace, which was
an active recorder of civil rights violations during the war, has
itself become alarmed over the present situation. On 5 November
its chairman, Bishop Patrick Mutume, and his secretary-general,
M. T. Auret, met Mugabe. They reportedly discussed the military
crackdown in Matabeleland; unruliness by the army, the fate of
detainees (at least 450), the indemnity and compensation
regulations which shield soldiers, police, civil servants and others

109



Increase

"The CZI would urge Government in the strongest terms to increase import allo-
cations by at least 25 percent in the next quota period to cushion the very
serious negative effects of the devaluation."

Devaluation made the long-overdue decision on price-increase applications all
the more urgent.

"The confederation believes that providing this devaluation strengthens Zim-
babwe's position with the International Monetary Fund, the move will prove to
have been well warranted," he said.

Too Little, Too Late

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 10 Dec 82 p 1

[Text] {THE abrupt announcement’ of imported materials, machines and
aluation soon after the Minister services will’ increase by 20%.
‘of Finance, Economic Planning These extra costs will make pre-

jand Development, Dr Bernard sent controlled prices for good:

; Chidzero had repeated that there force inside the country largely un-

would be no devaluation last week, realistic, depending on the amount

; Was generally welcomed by econo- of foreign content involved, said

;Amists, mines and exporters yester- financial spokesmen.

j day. oe |. One said: “Controlled prices of

; But they warned it would inevi- ": goods will have to be allowed to

f tably lead to internal inflation and float upwards in keeping with the
¢ said he believed it was too little extra costs of imported content,

| ahd too late. However, most said it whether small or large, by an
twould help to stabilise the pre- © appropriate percentage of what-
viously “over-valued”” Zimbabwe ever imported costs are involved.
dollar in relation to exports. “If this is not done then there
. Among the more immediate ef- will be only one result —-a very
“fects, all Zimbabwe interest pay- large number -of industrial and

ments on investments in this coun- commercial companies will simply
“try and all’ pension payments go under. They cannot possibly
jremitted abroad will now be depre- absorb .all the extra costs of deva-
‘ciated by 20%, the amount of de- Iuation.”

valuation. : .

@ The foreign currency depart-
ments of local banks were closed to
the public yesterday pending the
y- Telease by the Reserve Bank of new
exchange rates, delaying the issue
and collection of traveller’s che-
* ques. 7
This was not the only incon-
venience experienced by would-be
‘ holidaymakers however, as those
* people who have booked for tours
and package holidays out of the
country will now have to pay 20%
more for their holidays.

It will also affect the cost of alt
{travel and air fares outside this
» country, which will increase .by
\ about the same amount.
|. More important, it will increase
F

! ‘the cost of all repayments on Zim-
babwe Government loans raised
abroad because, according to the
economists, all foreign loans have
to be repaid in foreign currency,
‘which will now cost 20% more.
The inflationary aspect comes
into play because the cost of all

118



RESPONSE TO 'HERALD' EDITORIAL PUBLISHED

Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Dec 82 p 8

ZIMBABWE

[Article by the Rev R. G. Forrest, Superintendent Minister, Harare Trinity

Circuit of the Methodist Church:

[Text]

THE editorial in the -
Herald on Dee. 2 '

called upon the
‘Churches to indicate
ywhere they disagreed
with the State, It is a
‘timely call, coming as
it does in the wake of
a number “of  pro-
nouncements recently
by the President and
‘Government ministers.
‘This is by the way. of

an initial response.

y For purposes of
clarification two areas ‘of
discussion need to be

‘separated; those “of creed -
and conduct, belief and be- »

haviour.

Church and State are”

not in conflict when it
cones to the question of
conduct. and behaviour.
‘The State is pursuing an

thumanitariah policy, . ex-’ |

pressed in such slogans as
“growth with equity”, so-
cial and economic justice,
equality of - opportunity

“and non-racialism.

These are’ taken to’ be
the -goals of. scientific
socialism.

“They are equally the
goals of Christianity.
“And Christianity was
around long before ‘scien-

tific socialism was con- *
uceived, Even a cursory

123

| Peading of the great pro-
phets of the Old
Testament, the ministry
and teaching of Jesus, and
the activity of the early
“ehureh shows that ‘the
“concern for ‘justice’ “and
| the dignity of -the in-
dividual is paramount.

Therefore ‘the ' Church

[ gladly lines’ up alongside
fhe Government when it
comes. to’ working for. a
more humane society.’

The ‘Church does “not
have to be urged to be
“eoncerned for the poor.
“Its track record in'Zim-
babwe since 1890 shows
that “its main thrust. has
always been. in the direc-
tion of the — under-
privileged.

In the old tribal trust
lands the Church was vir-
tually’ the only education
and health agency. The

\ advent . of _ independence
has not changed the com-
_ mitment of the Church in
this respect.

‘The gospel of Christ de-

= mands that: the Church
identify itself with every

| programme aimed at im-
proving the quality of life
of the people, This. it has
done, and continues to do.

Tt_is ‘at’ the level of

F ereed and belief that dis-
| agreement emerges. The

‘Herald editorial. put the

i issue clearly; ‘Socialism

begins with Marxism and
materialism and says that
| man can bring about his

7 own Salvation.”

"Church and State--Nature of the Debate"]



JPRS 82685

20 January 1983

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2751

ConTENTS

“INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FAO Workshop of Traditional Fisheries Held
(NATION, 7 Dec 82)........... ste e cere eee nee se eseeeeee 1

Region Rich in Energy Reserves, SADCC Conference Told
(THE HERALD, 9 Dec 82)..cecccceccceccseseceeseseseesece 3

ANGOLA

Warehouse Fire, Port Accident Reported
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 25, 30 Nov 82).....seeecsseceeseceee 7

Limited Damage Caused
Cause of Fire Reported

Local Pilots Being Trained in Mozambique
. (NOTICIAS, 8 Dec 82)... cece sce eeceerr ec nccccevenceeces 9

Concern Expressed Over Rise in Juvenile Delinquency
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Nov 82)....seseecececscscceeeecee 11

Spain Offers Cooperation in Health Field
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Nov 82) ...seceeeececcesecccceneee 2

Political Bureau Communique on MPLA Conference
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 24 Nov 82)...eeeesececcccecescscvoee 13

j
Official Indifference to Black Market Questioned
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 19 Nov 82) ...ssseesesessceceeseecees 18

Briefs
Union Delegation in GDR 20
Soviet Auto Repair Cooperation 20
Justice Official Back From Cuba 20
Economic Cooperation With Cuba . 21

-ae- {III - NE & A - 120]



thought was given to the use of a lower growth rate.
This would have meant the gurus re-doing their numbers.
Anyway ZANU’s central committee became involved in

the decision, and the plan was considered to lack
‘political and ideological substance’. After acrimonious
bidding, Nathan Shamuyarira (minister of information, .
posts and telecommunications) secured the right to
flesh out the figures with some stronger content. The
plan has’ thus assumed an overriding public relations
character.

Dispute over the plan became further embroiled not
only over numbers but also the party line. To settle the
matter, Robert Mugabe convened special but regular
Thursday cabinet sessions, held for several months; to go
through the drafts chapter by chapter. Not a few
feathers were ruffled during this experience. As a result,
the document which is to emerge will bear many differ-
ent fingerprints. Inconsistency is therefore inevitable.
Most important of all, backtracking on the wildly
optimistic 8% forecast growth rate became impossible to
digest. Taking into account the drastic ecomomic turn-
around which with luck will bring 1982’s growth to
2-3%, and the projected rate of zero or worse for 1983,
the continued acceptance of 8% is astonishing.

Another serious dispute arising in cabinet took place
over the role given.the’ private sector, both local and
foreign. Here economic ministries were lined up against
the party hardliners, including Eddison Zvobgo, then
minister of local government and housing but recently
side-tracked by Mugabe to legal and parliamentary
affairs. ZANU’s Central Committee saw the assigned
private share of investments as ‘too generous’. A re-
write was ordered. The private sector’s portion was
reduced from 45% to 41% of gross fixed investment,
reflecting the new compromise position.

Change in the numbers was accompanied by a tougher
approach to foreign business, as shown by the new
foreign investment guidelines (issued this October),
which deviate imperceptibly from the government’s
1981 “growth with equity statement”, just as investors
were hoping for some realism. Earlier policy had
provoked considerable disappointment and grave dis-
quiet, which the guidelines were intended to allay. Inter-
vening political wrangling over the plan and fractious
ZANU debate over foreign capital scotched some ambi- _
tions to loosen the formal provisions. With under ZD
25m net foreign investment having come in during the
last 18 months, officials in the Reserve Bank, Treasury
and new ministry of finance, economic. planning and
development (FEPD) have been at their wit’s end. No
sooner do the technocrats propose some pragmatic
adjustment — reduced these days to tinkering — than a
politician prevents it.

A sign of the discontent was.well demonstrated in
last-minute deletions from the investment guidelines of

102



demonstrates a continuation of the prevailing dullness in the world oil mar-
ket. It said 4,918,432 barrels of crude oil was supplied to the three local
refineries for processing while 2,122,759 barrels of crude oil were supplied
under the offshore processing arrangements in September to Augment domestic
refining capacity. The posted prices of the Nigerian crude oil were 826.23
per barrel for the high quality grade and 424.67 per barrle for the medium
grade and the corresponding official selling prices were 824.35 and =22.98 per
barrel respectively. The NNPC statement showed that these prices remained
constant in September. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3409, 6 Dec
82 pp 3182-3183]

DEMANDS FOR RICE--DEMAND for rice and maize in the country has exceeded the
local production, the Director of Federal Department of Agriculture, Mr. 0.
Awoyemi has said. Mr. Awoyemi was addresssing the participants at a course on
rice and maize. production organised for field staff in Kano. He regretted
that rice and maize which occupied key positions in the country's staple food
had been almost neglected. The director pointed out that an increase in out-
put for these two crops could be achieved if all who were involved in their
production were equiped with full knowledge of the innovation. "The training
and retraining of field staff and farmers is of paramount importance" he
advised. He called on the farmers in the country to avail themselves of such
training and that they should be conversant with production techniques. The
Kano State Commissioner for Agirculture and Natural Resources, Alhaji Jibrin
Wudil had earlier urged the participants to pay particular attention to the
two-week course and to make the best use of it. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN
in English 24 Nov 82 p 7]

OSHOGBO STEEL MILL--THE Minister for Steel Development, Malam Mamman Ali Ma-
kele, said on Monday in Lagos that the Oshogbo Steel Rolling Mill had gone
into production. The minister made this known while welcoming the deputy min-
ister of foreign trade of the German Democratic Republic (GDR), Dr. Edward
Schwierz. He said that a successful test run was carried out and that he
would soon undertake a working tour of the steel plant for an on-the-spot
assessment of the production exercise. Malam Mamman told the GDR minister
that the Federal Government's target was to commission all the steel plants by
June, 1983 and requested the German minister to ensure the speedy delivery of
equipment to the Ajaokuta Steel Mill. He called on the GDR to assist Nigeria
in the training of personnel to man the various steel plants to effect the
necessary transfer of technology. Malam Mamman also called on the GDR to give
technical assistance in the maintenance of the various steel plants, adding
that Nigeria looked forward to many more useful years of co-operation between
the two countries. Replying, Dr. Schwierz assured the minister of his coun-
try's willingness to foster the existing good relations between the two coun-
tries. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 27 Nov 82 p 11]

RELIGIOUS MEETINGS BANNED--KANO State Police Command has banned religious
meetings in the state. The Deputy Commissioner of Police, Mr. E. T. Allagh
said the decision to stop religious meeting was as a result of the security
situation in the state. He said the recent religious disturbance in Kano
Metropolis was another reason for the prohibition of meetings. The action of
the police was sequel to the recent application by members of the "Kwamitin
Raya Maulidi Shaihu," a religious sect in the state to hold a religious meet-
ing in Kano Metropolis. [Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 3 Dec 82 p 16]

CSO: 3400/476
62



KATSINA STEEL ROLLING MILL COMMISSIONED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 7 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

PRESIDENT Shehu
Shagari formally com-
missioned the 125- mil-
- lion Naira Katsina Steel

Rolling Mill yesterday.

4 Speaking at the occasion,
‘ the President disclosed that
“the Federal Government had
+ completed feasibility studies
yon new. steel-related pro-
£ jects. These are flag steel
plant, aluminium smelter,
< alloy and high gfade plant,
grey iron foundry and steel
foundry.

The President said these
projects would: provide the
missing link. in the steel in-
dustry in our country. He pro-
mised that work would start
on the new projects as soori as

; preliminary arrangements had
“been finalised. :

” The president said that his ad-
‘ministration was guided by
ivarious factors such as the
"availability of raw materials,

facilities for the evacuation of
+ finished products, the need to en-

. Sure equitable and fair distribu-
ition of industries and the relative ,
advantage of allocation in the

t
E
-

3400/475

48

“siting of industries.

He said that his administration

“gave priority to the steel industry

because it was needed to provide
;a proper orientation and direc-
, tion fora modern economy.

He said the products of the steel
splant would meet the re-
:quirements of the byilding and

construction industry while the
flag product would meet those of
the engineering and manufactur-
ing industry:

in his address, Alhaji Abba
Musa Rimi, Governor of Kaduna
State said his government had
completed arrangements to com-
mission the Economics Depart-
ment of the ABU, Zaria, to carry
out a survey on the potentials of
dhe Katsina Steel Rolling Mill in
the economy of the state.

He said the.aim of the survey
“was to examine its impact and
|, determine industrial and com-
mercial ventures that might“ be

set up to fully exploit the poten-
| tialities of the mill.
© He said the government had
‘taken into consideration the ex-
istence of the mill and planned
its programmes in such a way as
' to integrate it into the economic
programmes of the area.

NIGERIA



“Consequently the adjutant organised a party to go and collect the Bipingamizi
in question for interrogation. The arresting party went with the chairman Mr
Musa of Mpata and defence secretary Mr Kalule of Mpata too, together to the
operation and were brought to the barracks. Interrogations were carried out.

“after making their statements, I went out together with the BN 1/C in order
to show him what he collected from their homes. By the time we came back to
the barracks we found a message from Sgt Mawule of Lutta Unit regarding the
two prisoners indicating that the two prisoners had been arrested charged
before and found innocent.

Unfortunately when I went to my office, I found out that the two questioned
had already been whacked by L/Cpl Ismail Nkolo an intelligence personnel."
Signed 1.0. Panther BN UFA 2145 W.0. IT Ndawula.

cso: 3400/480

97



CAPE VERDE

PROTOCOL OF DETAILED COOPERATION WITH CUBA SIGNED
Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 8 Nov 82 p 4

[Text] The fourth session of the Mixed Cape Verde-Cuba Commission ended with
the signing of a scientific-technical cooperation protocol. covering the

areas of health, education, sports, transportation, labor, and social security
as well as construction and _. a commercial memorandum which will make it
possible to develop trade relations between our two countries; according to
the words of Comrade Jose Brito, secretary of state for cooperation and plan-
ning and head of the Cape Verde delegation to the meeting, this session made
it possible to outline the framework of cooperation existing between the two
countries and to develop it in long-range terms for a longer period of time.

The protocol now signed spells out technical assistance, the granting of study
scholarships, training courses, technical cadre training programs, exchange
of technical documentation, and exchange of delegations as ways of cooperation
in the various sectors.

During this meeting, the participants also analyzed the possibility for Cape
Verde to use Cuban enterprises abroad which were made available to the country
by Cuba, along with the development of trade relations in the various areas of
exports involving Cuban products for. Cape Verde.

The cooperation protocol was signed by Comrade Jose Brito and by Manuel Torres
Muniz, deputy chairman of the State Committee on Economic Cooperation;: the
commercial memorandum was signed by Miguel Costa Monteiro, representing the
Secretariat of State for Commerce and Tourism, and Alberto Martell Gonzalez,
deputy director for exports for Cuba-Tecnica.

The protocol also provides that the next meeting of the Mixed Commission be
held in the Cuban capital, Havana, in October 1984.

During its stay in the country, the Cuban delegation, headed by Comrade Manuel
Torres Muniz, was received by Prime Minister Comrade Pedro Pires and by
Foreign Trade Minister Silvino da Luz. The delegation also visited the
island of S. Vicente.

5058
CSO: 3442/79

22



ANGOLA

OFFICIAL INDIFFERENCE TO BLACK MARKET QUESTIONED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Nov 82 p 2

[Texf7 To spend practically your entire pay-check at one of the (black?)
markets for a single meal, or to shun this and have to go hungry is the cur-
rent dilemma of the majority of our basically urban population in the present
situation.

This is an actual fact.and, since it is known to all, no one can refute it
and nobody can hide the evidence of the facts.

The abstemiously designated "black market!! has gone so far--to all appear-
ances, it has shifted froma clandestine operation to a partially official
one--it would seem to be a more than obvious demonstration, which is
unacceptable from any standpoint, that a business of this sort is possible
only when people adopt a liberal attitude and refuse to denounce the people
practicing it.

In view of this, any other argument or artifice used to continue to justify
its alarming spread to all corners, or even better, any step taken to combat
it will be useless if it is not reflected in concrete action, arid will contin-
ue to call into question the ability, dynamism and competence of law-

abiding people.

Moreover, what is now happening with the partial, (official?) recognition of
the black market is a test of the ability,ccompetence, honesty and dynamism
of those who are supposed to protect against such things.

We believe that no one should still be talking about vague steps already
taken in this regard, such as, for example, the now bitter fact that the
inspectors, whose actions have never been felt anywhere, are nonexistent.

We should stop simply talking about the inspectors and sellors of the products
listed, because in the end they are not the only ones to blame. And this is
true because basically the inspectors have people over them to whom they have
to account, and they are not being asked to account.

Let's not dwell on this and the "Achilles heel," and instead look atithe type

of products sold on these markets, where they come from and how they are
acquired. Most of them are imports that should be in the regular stores and

18



THREE-YEAR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLAN EVALUATED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 1 Dec 82 pp 1, 5

[Text]

The first part of the long-awaited three-year “transi-
tional” economic development plan, published this
week, has met a barrage of criticism. Coming at a crucial
stage for the teetering economy, it has shaken a not
unsuspecting business community. The. government is
poised on many issues between what it would like to do
and what economic necessity dictates. Nowhere is that
more evident than in the gap between much of the
development plan and the conditions required for IMF
assistance — a crucial element now under negotiation.
But it appears that it will take a hard struggle before a
lot of the government’s deep-rooted illusions, partly
ideological, are finally swept away.

The plan has been 22 months in the making.
Originally devised for 1981-1984, it has several times
been delayed, most recently by “printing problems”.
While the government printer’s productivity is now
notorious, earlier meu culpas had more serious roots.

Two post-independence budgets have now passed
without the appearance of the plan, despite promises liber-
ally dispensed to business abroad and aid donors.
Initially the responsibility of Senator Bernard Chidzero’s
ministry of economic planning and development
(MEPD), under permanent secretary Thomas Mswaka,
plan formulation began with a technocratic outlook
strongly influenced by short-term, exceptional and high
GDP. growth in 1980-81. Detailed planning was largely
overseen by in-house MEPD economists, notably Dr
Timothy Muzondo (chief economist and ex-University
of Zimbabwe), aided by a UNDP team of specialists.
Unsolicited offers of help from university radicals in the
economics faculty were rebuffed.

Despite the expertise at hand, the plan quickly ran
into technical and political difficulties. Although the
heady expansionist days have rapidly evaporated, the
plan was and still is conceived with an 8% real growth
tate, compounded each year to 1985. When the cabinet
received these figures in mid-81 at a time when the
economic climate was altering for the. worse, passing

101

ZIMBABWE



TEXTBOOK SHORTAGE LOOMING FOR PUPILS

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 3 Dec 82 p 20

[Text]

A crisis over textbooks may force
schoolchildren in. primary schools
‘throughout Kenya to go without text-
books next year — at least in their
first term. The textbook tender for
the 1982-83 period was put out late
‘by thé Kenya School Equipment
Scheme (KSES). It came out in
September instead of July, the begin-
ning of the financial year. That two-
month delay should not have seriously
affected the production of the text-
books in time for the beginning of the
‘new school term in the New Year, but
problems arose when several titles,
‘mostly supplementary readers, which

;were included in the tender, were

‘subsequently rejected by the central
‘tender board which has the final say
in government tenders. The rejection
of the titles on grounds ranging from
excessive quantities to being new
untried titles, caught some experts in

‘the field by surprise. Such experts say

that they merely expected the CTB to
be more concerned with monies rather
than with the suitability of the text-
books because this is the task of

‘specialised experts in the educational
‘fields whose judgement in such matters

is more competent than that of the
CTB. . .

The rejected titles include Maisha
Ya Binadamu Duniani na Ahera of
which, the CTB says.33,000 copies
were ordered last year — hence there

-would be no need for more copies for

the next couple of years. Other titles
rejected for excessive quantities

30

‘ordered include the complete series
‘of eight titles of Nelson Sunshine.
-Marudio na Mazoezi ya Kiswahili was
rejected because it was a new untried
title and thus did not justify an order
for 170,000 copies. The CTB consider-
ed 50,000 copies of Visa vya Athumani
na Onyango as too high. And it thought
‘unacceptable an attempt to introduce
The Progressive Peak English Course
series, in place of the series prepared
by the Jomo Kenyatta Foundation.

* Originally, the, ministry is under-
stood to have set aside shs. 50 million
for textbooks during the current
financial year. This is now being cut
down to shs. 30 million and the exercise

is also contributing further to delays,:

because the ministry is still resolving
'the issué of which textbooks should
be given priority in its order list. _
Only the Jomo Kenyatta Foundation
which is a parastatal publisher with a
monopoly for publishing all material
developed by the Kenya Institute of
Education, has so far been issued with
local purchase orders. The remainder
of publishers who are private and
mainly foreign-owned concerns have
yet to receive theirs. And because it
‘is taking so long to issue the LPOs,
publishers now say that it is practically
impossible to print and deliver the
required textbooks until around May
next year, that is beginning of the
second school term. The permanent
secretary in the ministry of basic
education, Mr. Leo Odero, on Monday
sought to play down the whole issue



DEFENSE SECRETARY CHITAURO INTERVIEWED

Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Dec 82 p 7

[Article by Munyaradzi Chenje:

[Text]

WE had ‘a 2.30 pm
appointment and I
made sure | was going
to get him this time.
When I got to his
office in Milton Build-
ing, the door was open
but there was nobody
there. My heart fell as!
I thought my appoint-
ment had | fallen”
through again. Hl

For 1$- months 1
had tried to get an inter
view with the Secretary
for Defence, Ode James
Chitauro, but something
had always come up at
the last minute and the
interview never. got off the

und.

But, at 245 pm his
secretary came down the
corridor and I grudgingly
made way for her to enter
the office. She asked me
my business and how I
spelt my name and I told
her. She told me to hold
on, and I sat down in the
nearest chair as she went
into the inner office.

“You can go in now,”
she'said to me. I did. He
came around hig desk and
we shook hands.

It was about 2.47 -pm
when we sat down for the
interview. For the next
50 minutes or go, he de-
voted his time to me and
his telephone did not ring
once — surprising as his

111

office is one of the busiest
in Government.

Cde Ohitauro, Secretary
for ‘Defence since seven
months ago, is relatively
unkpown to most Zimba-
bwéang even though ‘he
ts in charge of the safety
of every person in the
country. .

He is a modest man who
refuses to take all the
credit for the country's
security.

“TI think the Commander
of the Armed Forces has
more problems than I have
because I am more of an
administrator than a mili-
tary man.-

“Defence work is mot
done by me alone, but by
a team. It is not for an
individual to do. It is not
only one person who is
burdened with defence

problems but everybody.

“We are all expected to
share the burden with the
ordinary man, -contribut-
ing information and pay-
ing taxes to keep the
wheels of the defence
forces turning.”

He, however, agreed
that his ministry was one
of the busiest in the civil
service and that he hardly
found time for himself or
hig family.

“Of course, ‘I might
create free time for myself
but that would mean post-
poning attending to some-
thing needed yesterday.

“When I do get. free
time, I like playing dif-
ferent gamee—not socter,

of. course, as I am too old

ZIMBABWE

"It's All Teamwork, Says 'Mr Defence'"]



cso:

3400/475

¢ reaffirm ‘their position on the
Kuala-Lumpur meeting of Oc-
tobgm'4981, on suspension of sales
uatil the demand and supply
+ justified sales.
f This would be regarded as: a
; way of assisting the developing
countries who are dependant on
the proceeds from the sales'of the
commodity for their development _
|: programme, he said.
,. Dr. Ekwueme noted that Inter-
© national Commodity, Organisa-
' tions were having difficult
+ period, pointing out that the irony
5 of the situation was that the
developing countries which pro-
duce these materials consume lit-
" tle of it.
., He called on the International
}Tin Research Institute of which
, Nigeria is a member, to intensify
; its research which would lead to
{an improved consumption of tin
in the producing countries. The
‘participating countries are
Australia, Bolivia, Nigeria,
: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia
. and Zaire.

i
H
5

54



called in public for a 25% devaluation. The cabinet has
neither the will nor the stomach at this stage to go that
far although the longer they procrastinate the more
inevitable it becomes. After putting up a traditional
defence, the Treasury and Reserve Bank have now
accepied the logic of devaluation. The Bank’s governor,
Desmond Krogh, is however due to retire soon, probably
by January. His likely replacement, deputy-governor
J. K. ‘Kombo’ Moyana, will be in the hot seat when the
cabinet finally reaches a decision and implementation
takes place in early 1983.

A 20-25% devaluation combined with strict IMF
criteria and supervision across a wide range of economic
decisions will represent a temporary setback for
Mugabe’s government. Some party officials and ministers
may not find it easy to go along with the political fall-
out. Nor are there many willing offers in cabinet to hold
the can. A cabinet shuffle is not an impossible outcome.
The outside risk is for there to be no agreement, a
situation which would court financial disaster. On the
other hand, an IMF programme will at best Tepresent a
very difficult period ahead. These are not the expecta-
tions to which Zimbabweans have become accustomed @

[boxed item] Civil Rights and Security Problems

The security situation in Matabeleland continues to worsen.
Despite the increased deployment of government troops and
paramilitary police, there is no evidence that the number of
armed Ndebele dissidents has been trimmed. The army and
police operation, code-named Operation Octopus, is still spear-
headed by Col. Lionel Dyke, commander of the First Paratroop
Battalion. Units from the North Korean-trained and entirely
Shona-constituted Fifth Brigade have also been involved. After
an apparently inauspicious departure (AC Vol 23 No 17), North
Korean instructors have returned to train another brigade, to be
called the Sixth Brigade.

Activity by ex-ZIPRA dissidents usually takes the form of
armed robberies of stores, farms, buses, trucks and mines, and
harassment, sometimes murder, of resident Shonas. Probably
about 100 people have been slain including eight whites and an
Asian in Matabeleland since February, when Joshua Nkomo was
ousted (AC Vol 23 No 5) and up to 4,000 ex-ZIPRA guerrillas
deserted from the national army. At the end of October sections
of track were removed from the main Bulawayo-Victoria Falls
railway — a vital artery for Zairean and Zambian trade. If the
intention was indeed to damage Zambia and Zaire, the sabotage
could herald more active South African destabilisation. So far
there does not appear to be much coordination of dissident
activity.

When Operation Octopus was first launched, rough treatment
by Shona soldiers of civilians was so excessive that many of
those not under Dyke’s command were pulled out. Certainly
most of the 450 or so detainees in the region, many of them
held in poor conditions in camps at Tsholotsho and St. Paul’s
Mission, are civilians, including women, suspected of assisting
dissidents. Following the reporting by journalists in July and
August of Shona soldiers habitually beating Ndebele, most
observers, including journalists, have been officially forbidden
by the minister of information, Nathan Shamuyarira, from
entering the region. However, it is clear that Shona soldiers

108



pS

CONSTRUCTION, SPORTS TALKS WITH CUBANS START

Victoria NATION in English 9 Dec 82 pp 1, 2

[Text]

cso:

3400/487

TWO Cuban missions have
started talks on co-operation
im. construction and sports
this week with government
official, parastatal com-
pany managers, and nation-
al organisations.

Led by Mr. Hendrique
Torres, an architect, and Mr.
Hubert Gil, the Director of the
sports programme at the Cu-
ban National Institute of
Sports and Recreation. the
two teams paid a courtesy
call on the Seychelles Peo-
ple’s Progressive Front Se-
cretary-General, Mr. Guy Si-
non on Tuesday. Both dele-
gations arrived in Seychelles
on Monday.

The five-man construction
mission, which also includes
other architects and engi-
neers, is in Seychelles in con-
nection with a memorandum
of understanding signed by
the two governments last
month.

A press release from the
Ministry of Planning and Ex-
ternal Relations said that the
team was here specifically. to
look into the possibility of Cu-
ban participation in the build-
ing an_ inter-national confe-

72

rence’ centre.

The Cubans will also dis-
cuss with the Housing Devel-
opment Corporation (SHDC),
“Works Enterprises (WEL) and
the Department of Planning
the build’ng 0; plant to make
p:e-abricated housing panels.

The team is expected to
leave around mid-January.

The two-man sports — mis-
sion, which a'so includes Mr
Barvar> Vabes, the Chief of
the Derartment cf Physical
Culture in the same institute
as Mr. Gil, will be here for a
shorter. period.

Under: the Protocol on
Scientific and Technical Co-
| Operation for 1982 and 1983.
the delegation hopes to as-
sess all of Seychelles’ sports
requirements, and make re-
commendations to the Cuban
Government on future assis-
tance programmes and possi-
ble exchanges of expertise
and techniques.

To do this the team will
meet with officials from the
| Ministry of Youth and De-
‘fence and the National Sports
| Council before leaving on De-
\cember 20. a

SEYCHELLES



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

PORTUGUESE URBAN PLANNING DELEGATION--A delegation from the LNEC (National
Civil Engineering Laboratory) of Lisbon arrived in Praia today; the delega-
tion is made up of engineers Ruy Gomes, head of the department of buildings;
Vasconceilos Paiva, head of the construction unit; and Architect Reis Cabrita,
head of the architecture unit. The LINEC delegation, which is headed by
Engineer Ruy Gomes, came to the country on a mission involving its specialty
as part of the cooperation agreement signed this week between Portugal and
Cape Verde. The objective of the mission includes essentially the join pre-
paration, with technicians from the Ministry of Housing and Public Works, of
a project aimed at standardizing the elements of civil engineering construction,
the definition of modular coordination rules in architecture, and the drafting
of urban planning instruments. In. addition to the working visit with the
MHOP [Ministry of Housing and Public Works], the program includes contact
visits to the principal urban centers and suburban districts, shelters, and
construction material enterprises, shipyards, and industrial installations.
The mission, which is to last 8 days, will also go to the interior. of the
Island of Santiago and the islands of S. Vicente and S. Antao. At the end

of its stay, the delegation will be received by Comrade Housing and Public
Works Minister Engineer Tito Ramos. [Text] [ Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese
8 Nov 82 p 4] 5058

cso: 3442/79

24



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TEMBISA RENTS--THE East Rand Administration Board has raised part of the R40-m
needed to electrify Tembisa, near Kempton Park. Mr J H Opperman, senior di-
rector of the board said this week phase one of the electricity master plan
would be carried out next month. Mr Lazarus Nhlapo, deputy chairman of the
Tembisa Community Council, said electrification costs would have to be borne
by residents. He disclosed that rent increases could be expected in April to
cover the loan for the programme. [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Dec 82

p 3]

ORLANDO SHACKS--ORLANDO East's 2 000 families staying in shacks are in for yet
another shock--the Soweto Council will not allow the erection of "zozo" struc—
tures in the area as reported earlier. "We never said we would allow "zozos'
instead of shacks in that area," Mr David Thebehali, chairman of the council,
told The SOWETAN yesterday. "In fact, we only used the name 'zozo' because it
is commonly used around the townships. What we meant was that the council was
looking at ways of extending existing houses in the area," Mr Thebehali said.
He said the council had not yet approved the building of temporary structures
in Orlando East. The council had to observe health and building by-laws be~
fore it approved the erection of such structures. This news will dash the
flicker of hope of the township's shack population that "zozos" would be al-
lowed in the area. Mr Thebehali had told a monthly council meeting and a
Sunday newspaper that erection of temporary structures would be allowed--sub-
ject to approval of the council. The council's director of housing, Mr J J
Oosthuizen, yesterday warned residents not to erect any illegal structures.
"Anybody putting up 'zozo's' or any illegal structures will be prosecuted.
Zozo's are not permissible," he said. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English
15 Dec 82 p 4]

UNIONS SEEK COOPERATION--THE SOUTH AFRICAN Boilermakers' Society and the
Federated Mining, Explosives and Chemical Workers’ Union is to investigate
trade union co-operation in the mining industry, it was decided last week.
These instructions were issued to the general secretary of both organisations,
Mr A J van der Watt, in the light of the failure of the Federated Union to
obtain a two-thirds majority in favour of its application for membership in
the Confederation of Mining Associations and Unions. Subsequent statements by
the National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) have shown that the matter should be
considered carefully with a view to ensuring a totally representative union
caucus which can act collectively in dealings with employers. A statement

90



"Statistics Should Be Used More to Beat Fuel Problems’

SADCC countries must
compile vital statistical
information on regional
energy problems and
needs to plan a compre-
hensive energy balance,

Energy seminar docu-
ments show that some
countries in the region
lack information on the
supply and demand for
various forms of energy.
This made it difficult .to
prepare an energy bal-
ance,

“Angola .., has suf-
fered a massive drain of
executives which led to the

seollapse of the existing

colonially weak structures
in the field’ of statistics.
“It is, therefore, diffi-
cult to’ keep up-to-date,
statistical information and
this is aggravated by ag-
gression wars and by the
fact that population cen-
tres are scattered and com-
munication is difficult,” it

' was stated.

In this case, Angola’s
energy sector depended on
the information from
other sectors of the eco-
nomy.

Information which was

Meant to be supplied by

industrial companies in
Mozambique was not al-

| ways forthcoming and in

some cases was supplied
at irregular intervals.
“And at present, no de-
tailed sectoral energy
breakdown of consumption
exists,

“Data on rural energy
demand is not being
systematically collected
and there has been no
natiora] survey of urban
and rural domestic de-
mand.”

It was easy to obtain

State in Bid to Boost Blends

THE Government ts. in-
vestigating possibilities
of blending diesel with
fuel additives to reduce
costs.

According to energy sem!-
nar documents, plans are
afoot to blend more
petrol and diesel to re-
duce the country’s de-
pendence on imported
fuels.

statistical information on
the household consump-
tion of energy in the
| urban centres because the
councils kept records of
* amount, used.
Unlike other countries
_in the region, Malawi,
Zambia and Botswana had
national ‘systems of col-
lecting information .on
their energy needs.

“In Malawi, the statis-
tics office collects infor-
mation. on commercial
energy and this ig pub-
. lished in monthly statis-
tical bulletins, Other or-

\ ganisations wishing to
conduct similar ‘surveys
have to have the authority

| from thig office.”

'"Exeept for electricity,
which is generatea by the

| Electricity Supply Com-
mission of Malawi, other
~ sources of energy such as
petroleum are supplied by
private companies.

In Zambia the govern-
ment sought information
+ from provincial and dis-
trict authorities, indus-
trial corporations and
private companies,

“The purpose of this
step is b find out how
much energy “is used at
present, which kind of
energy, for which pur-
poses, from which sources
and in which part of the

| country is ig found.

“Energy balances cov:
| ering the past severai
years in Botswana pro-
| vide a tool to analyse
| Change in the energy sup-
| ply and demand. struc-
tures in a consistent way:
‘This also helps to formu-
late energy supply and
demand projections.”

‘Tn particular, work on
the use of vegetable oils
as diesel extenders has
been going on for some
time and the results are
very encouraging,

| «work on diesel extenders

; has lagged behind that

| of. petrol blends, but

| even in this area, many

|. possibilities are being
pursued,” says one of the
documents.



NATIONAL MARITIME SCHOOL GRADUATES MORE TECHNICIANS

Victoria NATION in English 7 Dec 82 pp 1, 2

[Text]

THE National Maritime
School launched 20 more ap-
prentice seamen and fisher-
; Men into two of the most vital
, and demanding professions
yesterday when Education
and Information Principal Se-
cretary Jeremie Bonnelame
Presented them with their gra-
duation certificates.

Standing in for the Minister,
Mr. James Michel, Mr Bonne-
lame said that the young men
would play one of the most
important roles in the future
and the economy of the coun-
try.

Noting the danger of bas-
ing a national economy on
such a sensitive industry as
tourism, the success of which
depended so much on fac-°
tors beyond the country’s con-
trol, Mr. Bonnelame warned :
“If we cannot control our eco-

nomy, we cannot control
our development, and we
cannot assure the social
progress of the country."

73

SEYCHELLES



cso:

3400/483

/ not had any significant constructive

result. While the Government has
been carrying on with this draco-
‘ nian form of repression, people have
to the contrary become more in-
tense, even more arrogant and so-
yphisticated, in their underground
‘work. It is true that some have been
"silenced and others have been
: flushed out and piaced behind bars.
j The extraordinary thing is that
lhings seem to be'going on and on,
with more intensity.
The ‘tragedy is that there is now
tno turning back for the Govern-
iment. Both the strikes into neigh-
| bouring. countries and detentions
i have become part and parcel of the
} system.

|

79



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FAO WORKSHOP OF TRADITIONAL FISHERIES HELD

Victoria NATION in English 7 Dec 82 pp 1, 12

[Text]

FISHERIES officials |= from
eight Western Indian Ocean
island and littoral states be-
gan a four-day FAO Work-
shep on Traditional Fisheries
at the Reef Hotel yesterday.

Opening the meeting, Pian-

ning Principal Secretary Ro-:

bert Grandcourt noted tat ‘it
was appropriate that the Food

and Agricultural Organisation

workshop be held in Seychel-
les as the Government here
had given the fishing sector
top priority, and as the Sey-
chellois depended on fish as
their main source of protein.

Joining Seychelles and
FAO officials in the meeting
are representatives from the
Comoros, Kenya, Madagas-
car, Mauritius, Mozambique,
Somalia and Tanzania.

Each country has sent three
senior government officials
responsible for the adminis-
tration end planning of fish-
eries, the development of
small scale fisheries and fish-
ing gear technology. and for
processing, distributing and
markéting the catch.

Mr Grandcourt pointed out
that of the 60 million people
of the South-West Indian
Ocean countries, over 100,000
depended heavily on traditio-
nal fishing for a daily living.

The average production of
each of these fishermen was
little over a ton a year, ‘“‘gross-
ly inadequate’ either to en-
sure a decent living, or to
meet the minimum protein re-~
quirements of the people they |
supplied.

To make full use of the re-
sources Mr Grandcourt said,
the fishermen had to be giv-
en-the means to preserve
their catch in a way that its
market value was maintained.
The catch had to be collect-
ed from landing places and

' taken to distribution centres.

“This will give the fisher-
men the incentive and the ca-
pacity to pay for improved
crafts and gear, and will en-

» sure fuller utilisation of avai-

+ leble resources,”

the Princi-
pal Secretary explained.



greatly the deficit and cut actual expenditures, especially current
* outlays.

2. A general wage restraint with increases only in line with

productivity.

3, Immediate increases in state-administered consumer prices

(by subsidy withdrawal for maize meal, baker's flour and edible

oils) and reduced overall subsidies, now 8.1% of budget.

4. A freeze on imprudent short-term external public borrowing

of under one year maturity (as resorted to in 1981-82 with

damaging effect on the debt profile).

5. Devaluation, as a fundamental measure preferred to the

belated and tiny export incentive scheme launched in the 1982

budget as a palliative and weak attempt to stave off change in

the exchange rate.

6. Early relaxation of a number of still applicable restrictions on

exchange transactions.

Where will the axe fall?

If the fiscal deficit is reduced, the axe will have to fall
on’ health, education and defence. Ministers Dzingai
Mutumbuka (education and culture) and Oliver
Munyaradzi (health) may resist a little but would give
way if Mugabe felt the cabinet would make a fuss. An
eventual re-introduction of school fees and health
‘charges, against party wishes, should not be ruled out.
' Trickier to enforce will be any proposed reductions in
defence outlays (Mugabe’s responsibility) given the
widening dissident problem (not only in Matabeleland)
and deployment of the army in Mozambique to guard
Zimbabwe’s oil pipeline and rail links. :

Wage control is guaranteed to be deeply unpopular
among the million strong labour force now used to large
annual Christmas wage rises. Employers might also fear
the consequences, since inflation for low earners is
already about 20%. When the lid comes off prices and
subsidies are chopped, the squeeze will be widely felt
in urban and rural Zimbabwe. Not many votes for the
harbinger of this piece of bad news. .

External borrowing restraints will forcibly undermine
the jax attitude to foreign investors, although the invest-
ment community will probably hold off to see if any
eed IMF programme actually sticks. Even with
int, things will be tough in 1983. The IMF has put
extemal public debt servicing (1-10 years) for that year
at 10% of export earnings (presumed to grow 14%). This
omits already contracted debt under one year which if
added pushes the debt burden up an additionai 12 per-
centage points. The calculation also excludes the large
and sisi ate external liabilities and significant para-
statal obligations which, if combined with stagnant
export earnings, as is widely predicted, could push the
toia: debt claim to 25% of foreign revenues at a time
when foreign exchange reserves are already below
prudent levels.

Then there is devaluation, considered as much a
mictter of national prestige in Harare as an economic
negement tool We hear that after initial rejection
principle, Mugabe finaliy agreed with the IMF to put
matter to the cabinet. The ultimate outcome is
awaited. Mining companies and manufacturers have

107



SIERRA LEONE

BRIEFS

KAMARA-TAYLOR ILL--The second Vice-President, Mr C. A. Kamara-Taylor, has
again fallen ill with a stroke, and is reported to be taking treatment at his
native home town in the Kambia district. The Minister of Finance, Mr. Salia
Jusu-Sheriff, is acting as second Vice-President. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA
in English 13 Dec 82 p 3249]

THREE PAPERS TO PUBLISH--The committee which has been looking into which of
Sierra Leone's ten newspapers should be accepted for registration under the
Newspaper Amendment Act has recommended that only three newspapers should be
allowed to continue to publish. They are the Daily Mail, The Progress, and
Flash. The party newspaper, We Yone, did not apply for registration, and was
therefore not considered. It is, however, believed that it will automatically
be allowed to continue since it fulfils all the rules and conditions of the
Act. According to the Act, the recommendations have to be scrutinised by the
Minister of Information and Broadcasting who will make a final decision.
[Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English 13 Dec 82 p 3249]

cso: 3400/490

77



clauses saying that Zimbabwe would never sign an agree-
ment with the New York-based Overseas Private
Investors Corporation, or indeed any other such body.
Only some nimble footwork by the minions in FEPD
secured the necessary excisions, considered essential if
only not to be provocative in the run-up to US Vice-
President George Bush’s tour (see box). That FEPD still
has its problems is illustrated in the transparent attempt
to give radical gloss to the macro framework of the plan.
by separating the economy into ‘material and non-
material production sectors’.

Reception of the plan is already predictable. Local
economists who have seen it are less astounded at its
academic and naive nature than by its blatant inaccura-
cies and ethereal outlook. Business institutions — the
Associated Chambers of Commerce of Zimbabwe, the
Chamber of Mines and the Confederation of Zimbabwe
Industries included — see it as little short of a disaster.
For: reasons of discretion, however, a low-key official
and public response has been countenanced. The
business community has clearly done its sums knowing
that the plan will nowhere be read for what it is. Adverse
comment would only invite predictable wrath.

Embarrassment all round

The government may already have some inkling of
the damp squib it is about to unleash on an increasingly
disbelieving public. We hear that chief plan architect
Muzondo may be hived off into a separate cul-de-sac. as
director of national planning. Meanwhile Mswaka is
expected to move to commerce and trade at the year end,
so leaving a much depleted MEPD element in the FEPD
set-up under the white permanent secretary Bryan
Walters and other black aspirants. Whether this adds up
to the recognition of the failure of the planning exercise
in the government’s eyes remain to be seen.

The acute embarrassment all round has been much
aggravated by the translation of ZANU’s economic
illusions into hard and fast numbers. Publication of the
plan will reduce credibility further, for a number
of reasons:-

1. No satisfactory explanation will be found for the exotic
growth rate. - .

2. Jobs are predicted to expand at 3.2% per annum (largest
increases from construction and manufacturing), while the
evidence of new lay-offs each month combined with stagnant
employment in most sectors (especially manufacturing) speaks
for itself.

3. Labour productivity growth is forecast at 4.8% in each of
the next three years at a time when not only. are employers
finding the opposite, and having to pay. more for less satisfactory
work, but the same is found in the central statistical office’s
own figures, ;

4. Total investment over 1982-85 will be announced as ZD
6.096 billion with ZD 1.607 ‘billion to materialise by June next
year. Meanwhile company profits-are falling in all sectors, firms

103



cso: 3400/483

trary is viewed as radicalism:

Blacks,’ in. the. meanwhile, ‘have
‘taken the cue and are’ adding their
own emotive interpretations to this
day. One.cannot blame them, much
as it is a bit.of a pity that we are
‘Seemingly forced to make this day
‘one of hatred. .

A nuniber of coloured people
}from Noordgesig were turned away,
iso they alleged; from a a Service: hea

claiming to be. voliee:

‘That, if it were true, was a most de-
{plorable act. We do not need to do
fsuch things in the charged .atmos-
{phere that this country finds itself .

88



ABBA RIMI WANTS PERMANENT SOLUTION TO RELIGIOUS UNREST

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 Nov 82 p 20

[Article by Murtala Opoola and Aliyu Modibbo]

[Text]

cso:

{__GOVENOR Abba Musa Rimi of
; Kaduna State said yesterday that
‘a permanent solution must be
found to religious unrest in the
‘country.
. Receiving a letter of con-
i dolence from a 10-man delegation.
of the Kano State House of
“Assembly led by its Deputy
: Speaker, Alhaji Idi Adahama at
Government House, the governor
~said this was necessary so as to
protect the lives of innocent peo-
ple.
He noted that the sporadic
‘nature of the unrest showed how
easily the nation could be
destabilised. .
+ ‘The governor said it was a sad
.thing that we keep searching for
“solution to upheavals occuring
year in year out, adding “if we
+ had found out what brought about
the Kano unrest two years ago,
“perhaps we wouldn't have
witnessed a repeat performance
* this year.”
». He accused the security agen-
“cies of laxity and said if they had
performed their duties well they

3400/475

56

would have detected the danger

posed to life and property by peo-
ple holding extreme religious
views

At the Kaduna State House of
Assembly, Alhaji Idi Adahama
said they undertook the visit to

= condole the House on the death of

people over the religious unrest
in the state '
Delivering a letter of con-
dolence to the Speaker :of the
Kaduna House of Assembly,
Alhaji Mamman Abubakar Dan’
Musa, Alhaji Idi Adahama said
they received the report of the
violence with grave concern and

» prayed God to grant etetnal rest
to the dead. oa

The Majority Leader in th

“House, Alhaii Dauda Abubakar,

Mani, expressed gratitude to the

Kano House of Assembly for their ,

sympathy to the people of
Kaduna State on the. distur-
bances. :

The delegation would also,

deliver a similar letter .to. the

‘Commissioner of Police, Alhaji
-Hamza Usman Katsina.

NIGERIA



GARBA MOHAMMED REPORTEDLY NAMED MAITATSINE'S SUCCESSOR

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 6 Dec 82 p 15

{Article by Francis Talabi]

[Text]

cso:

AN accused person on a charge

* of unlawful assembly, rioting and

public .disturbance,- Haruna
Hassan, has revealed that after

; the death of Maitatsine, another

person, Garba Mohammed, took
over the leadership of the group.

In his statement to the police
which was read and admitted as
exhibit in Kaduna last Friday, the

+ accused person promised to take

the police to the house where the

_ new’leader is living if the police

so wished.
The statement also revealed
that the Cameroun Government

was aiding the religious fanatics

, with arms by way of smuggling

3400/475

them to Nigeria. .

Haruna Hassan is among 20
other accused persons standing
trial before Chief Magistrate
Saifullahi Muntaka Coomassie.
He maintained that Maitatsine
was annoyed because his son,
Kalama, was killed during the
Kano riot.

He told the police in his state-
ment that the fanatics did not
recognise Prophet Mohammed,
adding that all they believed was
that there is God and nothing
more

He said the Governor of Kano
State, Alhaji Abubakar Rimi,
was also assisting the Maitatsine

52

: group financially and that

when he (accused) was in Kano,
he was staying very close to
Governor Abubakar Rimi’s house
and that he later moved to Kofar
Mata where he was selling kola-
nuts before coming to Kaduna.

He said he was one of the over
200 fanatics that came to Kaduna
and that they were all scattered
around the town.

A prosecution witness, Malam.
Sale Ibrahim who is also son of”
. one of the accused persons stan-

ding trial, told the court in his

evidence that when rumours was
being carried that his father was
connected with the religious

fanatics, he took his father to a

house where he was made fo.

dress as a woman in disguise and
from there he was taken to
/Yankara Village in Katsina
Emirate for fear of being€illed.
He said he once warned his
father not to habour any stranger
when he noticed that’ there were
ssome strangers in his father’s
house at No. FC 1, Ibrahim Taiwo

Road, Tudun Wada, Kaduna’

before the Rigasa Village in-
cidence.

, The case has been adjourned
till December 17.

NIGERIA



All thesescriminal actions were naturally designed to upset the national
economy and obstruct economic reconstruction, in an attempt to worsen the
financial situation and undermine our people's undying support for the just
struggle of the Namibian people, while at the same time to demoralize the
working masses in their commitment to the Socialist revolution conducted by
MPLA-Labor Party.

This troublesome political and military situation, which requires a total

commitment on the part of all the party organs and the state in seeking {|
solutions that would preserve the enormous progress already made, is further

aggravated by blackmail and pressures being exerted by the most aggressive

imperialist circles on our people who are aiding the struggle for independence

of the Namibian people, with SWAPO in their vanguard.

The main advances toward finding a solution to the Namibia problem made up to
1981, under the leadership of the late President Antonio Agostinho Neto,
suffered a rude setback with the support given by the current American admin-
istration to the white minority government in Pretoria. This has led not
only to an increase in attacks by these racist forces and to their strategy
of backing the activities of puppet groups against all the countries of
southern Africa, but also to their attempt to make vague promises of a solu-
tion contingent on the withdrawal from Angola of international Cuban troops,
the only guarantee of concrete support to the Angolan people against expan-
sionism and the constant provocation and attacks of the apartheid regime.

The MPLA-Labor Party and the Angolan Government have spared no efforts to find
the way to a fair solution to the Namibia problem and to clear up the situa-
tion in southern Africa. Together with other Front Line countries and in
cooperation with other African countries and others involved in the affair,
especially the so-called Contact Group, the Angolan Government has taken and
participated in initiatives at the highest levels to accelerate the process
of peace.

The joint declaration of the Governments of Angola and Cuba last 4 February
states quite clearly the desire of the two governments to help find a just
solution to the Namibian problem and the security of southern Africa.

At various bilateral and mlltilateral meetings, the Angolan Government has
acted with the necessary flexibility, without abdicating its sovereignty,
in an attempt to do everything possible to put an end to the existing war,
in respect for the inalienable right of the Namibian people to independence.

Without letting up in any way on its efforts to find a just solution to the
problem of Namibia and peace in southern Africa, the Angolan nation will con-
tinue its efforts to improve the organization of its heroic armed forces and
to make preparations to resist. in unison any attempt at occupation or neo-
colonial domination.

The complicated situation of undeclared war imposed on us has not prevented
us from adopting important economic and social measures under the Guidelines
of the First Extraordinary Congress to build the technical and material bases
for socialism and to raise our people's standard of living.

14



cso:

3400/477

may be lucrative for the power elites, the
importers and exporters as well as the food
hawking transnational corporations, are of
such a proportion that they cannot be
addressed at the level of government prop-
aganda. Before the Operation Feed the
Nation in 1975, Nigeria’s food imports
constituted 8.2 per cent of the value of
total imports, today in spite of the so-called
Green Revolution, food imports consume
between 21 and 25 per cent of the value of
total imports. .

It is inevitable that one must conclude
that the agricultural policies of the post-
colonial regimes in Nigeria have been the
same. The only difference right now is that
the basis of rural agriculture has’ been
destroyed with the unbridled display of
wealth in the urban centres, 20 years of
neglect of rural areas, and the neglect of
rural agriculture. The impact of the migra-
tion of rural people to urban. centres is
evidenced in the increase in the crime rate,
the massive unemployment, the rise of
shanty towns and slums as well as the
increasing pressure on social services. The
increasing militancy of urban workers can-
not be divorced from the préssures put on
them by the migrants and dependants in
the rural areas, .

The government has to decide whether it
wishes to.rely on propaganda or to face the
rural poverty and urban discontent by
initiating mass-based policies, involving
the people in plan initiation and imple-
mentation, .working towards self-
sufficiency in food production and generat-
ing employment for rural and urban resi-
dents. Until the glaring inequalities in
income, power‘and opportunities are dras-
tically reduced if not eliminated, rural-
urban migration will continue, displaced
peasants will continue to resist the govern-
ment and its international allies and the
urban workers will grow more radical both
in their comprehension of the source of the
problems confronting them and in their
conceptualisation of an alternative society.

43



DIRECTOR IDENTIFIES PROBLEM OF FOOD PRODUCTION

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 8 Dec 82 p 11

[Text]

cso:

INCONSISTENCY in govern-
; ment policies has been described
“asa Inajor problem bedevilling
food production in the country,
the Managing Director of United
Bank for Africa (UBA), Alhaji
Umaru A Mutallab, has said.

Ina paper he presented toana-
tional Symposium organised by
the Ministry of Water Resources
on Monday in Lagos on the role of
the River Basin Development
Authorities in the Green Revolu-
tion Programmes, Alhaji Umaru
argued that ‘if the government is
to be taken seriously, the need for
clear, consistent and dependable
agricultural policies cannot be
over emphasised’ .

According to Alhaji Umaru, the
‘poultry industry which attracted
much agricultural credit was a
good example of how farmers
had suffered due to lack of con-
stitency of government in policy
execution.

“At one time it was the banning
of maize — an important compo-

* nent of livestock feéd’, he added.

The director said that at
another time it was the lifting of
the ban on frozen chicken after
farmers had been encouraged to
invest locally in poultry.

| _ This inconsistency in govern-
ment policy, he stressed, ruined
many: poultry operations as a
result of which many defaulted
on bank loans.

Continuing, he pointed out that

; in spite of the fact that numerous
roblems other than finance
bedevilled food production, finan-
‘ial institutiqis have an impor-

‘tant role to play in promoting
} agricultural production in the.
+ country.

The director also emphasized
hat the role of financial. institu-

3400/475

47

. tions in extending credit to
‘agriculture would be greatly
enhanced by the provision of
“strong incentives to fifiancial in-
stitutions to lend to the
agricultural sector by making the
interest earned on such loans ful-
ly or partially, tax exempt, to
compensate them for the bank-
subsidised, interests rates the:
were directed to charge on suc!
loans.

He also suggested the
establishment of more special
purpose agricultural banks to
:provide the agricultural sector
‘the Specialised financing and at-
tention it deserved.

As a first step, he added the
Nigerian Agricultural and Co-
operative Bank should be provid-
ed with the resources it required
to greatly expand its branch net-
work to bring it closer to the
grassroots farmers.

He said the NACB should be
permitted to seek funds directly

through bonds issue and opera-

| tion of saving deposits accounts.

These bonds and deposits could
| be government guaranteed and
"the interest earned on them tax
» exempt to increase their attrac-
' tiveness to investors, he explain-

In addition, he went on, eleven
‘ new regional ‘agricultural ‘und co-
operative banks should be
established to serve areas coin-
H eiding with the catchment areas
'of various river basin develop-
ment authorities. Commercial
‘banks, mefchant banks and in-
‘surance companies should be in-
vited to contribute to the equity
of these- new. specialised
agricultural banks and also to
participate i in their management,
he added.

NIGERIA



cso:

prised Minister Ferrari when
he ' revealed that the  esti-
mated maximum amount of de-
mersal fish that could be
caught safely on the Mahé
plateau was 21,000 tonnes
iper year. Another 1,000 ton-
nes of big pelagic fish could
be caught without adversely
affecting stocks.

‘However, the research team
jadvised’ , that Seychelles
should not used trawling
techniques because of the ex-
‘pettise needed, the costs in-
volved, and. very important,
because it would severely de-
plete the resources on which

traditional fishermen relied
for a living.
Trolling for pelagic fish

was not advised either as it
did not provide the best re-
sults.

As for marketing fish in
West Germany, Dr. Webber
reported that the best pros-
pects were for fresh fillets of
big fish like tuna and shark,
provided a regular supply
could be guaranteed, at least
in Seychelles’ good fishing
season.

Commenting on the report
to Seychelles Agence Presse
Jater, Dr. Ferrari said of the
figures of exploitable fish
stocks: “‘It.is an interesting
figure that is encouraging for
our traditional fishermen. as
the area studied is that con-
taining their fishing banks.

“This study, contrary to the

3400/487

76

more large scale industrial
ones by the French and the
Spaniaids, tor example, con-
cerns much more our tradi-
tional fishermen, giving them
more: valuable and exact in-
formation.. This report is real-
ly for them.”

The Minister also noted
that the study team’s advice ©
against the use of trawling
provided strong _ scientific
backing to the decision alrea-
dy taken by the Seychelles
Government not to allow such
fishing in its exclusive econo-
mic zone except for scientific
purposes.

Tne air unks document
hanaed over in the same
| meeung was in tact a belated
ratiication by west Germany
or the agreement under which
‘Lufthansa nas been tlying to
Seychelles tor some time.

Presenting the handsomely
bound document to the minis-
ier, Ambassaaor Von Vacano
described the agreement. al-
ready long ratitied by Sey-
cheuies, as “a symbol of eter-
nal iriendship . between Sey-
cneiies and the Federal Re-
public of Germany.” ‘

Although the ratification
comes at a time when Luf-
thansa has decided to with-
draw its service to Seychelles
as from next April, Dr. Ferra-
ri expressed the hope that if
possible, West German or
Seychelles national carriers
would operate under the
agreement in future.



ANGOLA

LOCAL PILOTS BEING TRAINED IN MOZAMBIQUE
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Dec 82 p 3

[Excerpts] A group of seven new Angolan pilots from the
‘Boeing 737 detachment recently completed a period of
3 weeks of practical training in the flight simulator of
Mozambique Air Lines in Maputo. The last three members
of this group returned to their country yesterday.

Talking to our reporter, Jose Dionisio, an Angolan instructor~pilot, said that,
as of the beginning of next year, a total of 17 new pilots in this detachment,
including members of the first group, will come to the RPM [People's Republic
of Mozambique] for a practical training course in the flight simulator like~
wise.

The remaining ten pilots are scheduled to arrive next January, according to
Major Dionisio, of TAAG (Air Transportation of Angola).

As the new pilots complete their practical training in the flight simulator,
they are integrated into the crews of TAAG where they will fly as copilots.

The pilots, who are going to take training in the flight simulator of
Mozambique Air Lines in Maputo are those who have just completed their theo-
retical training and who have never had any practical flight experience.

Providing Domestic Personnel for TAAG

According to the same instructor-pilot, TAAG at this time has about 70 percent
domestic crews in the ‘737! ‘detachment with about 40 percent in the ¥-27
detachemt. He added that TAAG at this time has only two domestic commanders
in the ‘737 detachment, a situation which hope to correct over the next few
years, in view of the rate at which we train new pilots.

Some of the 17 new pilots who take their first practical training course in
Mozambique have received their training partly in Angola and partly in Yugo-
slavia and Brazil.



cso:

~The problem, therefore centres
{ around the identification of an ap-
: propriate social arrangements
| for dealing with the harmful ef-
i fects that the activities of
| American rice farmers are hav-
ing on Nigerian rice farmers
) What therefore has to be.decid-
| ed is whether the overall gains to.
_ Nigerian farmers and the nation
' from preventing th being
done to them is greater than the
loss that may be suffered,
elsewhere as a result of stopping
\ the action which produces the
harm.
This problem can be stated in
; terms of the divergence between
the private and the social costs of
rice importation to the nation.

‘The private costs of importing:

! rice.is the price of the import
rice as dictated by the activities
of American rice farmers. The
social costs of rice importation to
the country equals the private

‘costs plus the value of the fall in

+ local rice production and other

(food staples as a result of the

‘availability of imported
American rice. This value in-
cludes not only the costs of the
physical quantities of local rice
and other food crops that are not

‘produced but also the lost in-
comes to Nigerian farmers and

=the additional economic’ ac-

tivities that these incomes would
have generated.

It is obvious, therefore, that the
social cost of importing rice into
the country is considerably

j higher than the private costs.

£ Consequently, it is the social
costs which should be taken into
account in formulating policies
and strategies for rice production

| and importation into the country.

3400/475

51

j Unfortunately, itis the private
F costs of importing rice that is
‘ usually used in justifying the
huge importation of the com-
modity and in formulating rice
production policies and
strategies for the country.

FOREIGN PRODUCERS

| The use of this private costs
j-concept not only makes in-
| vestments in local rice produc-
/ tion appear unfeasible and
'. uneconomic, ‘more importantly,
it perpetuates a misconceived
F rice import policy which is bound
to eventyally push the country in-
to dangerously -high level of
dependence on foreign rice pro-
i ducers.
| On the other hand, if the con-
; cept of the social cost of rice im-
portation is employed in for-
* mulating import and production
. policies for rice, rice importa-
' tion, as a food strategy, would
* become relatively less feasible
© than local production.
; Consequently, it is the social
- costs of rice importation that
» Should form the basis of any rice
; policy in the country.
|, If the social costs of rice impor-
Ftation is taken into, it becomes
feasy to justify a rice policy that
totally bans all imports of rice in-
‘to the country. It is of course ob-
‘ious that this kind. of a policy,
though economically sound, may:
_be politically deleterious. On the
other hand, thé lomg run conse-
‘quencies of continued and in-
‘creases levels of rice importation
may be. more extenuating and
politically devastating for the na-
‘tion.



Demands for Rice
Oshogbo Steel Mill
Religious Meetings Banned

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Portuguese Assistance in Agriculture, Industry Promised
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 28 Nov 82)..seseeccerceccceccessecere

SENEGAL

Opposition Said To Remain Very Divided
(AFRICA, Dec 82) .ccseeececccccccncccccreeneereasncescnes

‘SEYCHELLES

Reason for Sacking of Attorney-General’ Reported
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 1 Dec 82)....seeeeeeeeeee eee e ee cees

First Greek Ambassador Presents Credentials
(NATION, 6 Dec 82) ..cceceeece cc ccceecceecsereeercreseeee

New Ministry Furthers Inter-Departmental Cooperation
(NATION, 4 Dec, 82) ..csseeeeeecccccecceccseeces ae ee eevee

Construction, Sports Talks With Cubans Start.
(NATION, 9 Dec 82) ..cceceeeeceeeeceeees

National Maritime School Graduates More Technicians
(NATION, 7 Dec 82) ..esecececcccecrererecrecscccccserscere

New Report Bodes Well for Traditional Fishing
(NATION, LO Dec 82) sce eercecccececccecesseccecsseccceers

SIERRA LEONE
Briefs
Kamara-Taylor Ill .
Three Papers To Publish
SOUTH AFRICA

Commentary on Cape Verde Talks, AWB Arrests
(Editorial; SOWETAN,!14 Dec 82) ....seeeeeeeereseeeecreseee

MPCS Detained After Human Rights Leader's Church Address
(THE CITIZEN, 18 Dec 82)... ssseeeeecececsceresesecerccecs

Magnum Financial Holdings Placed in Liquidation
(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 18 Dec B2) cece cence enc ceneee

-d-

62

62

63

64

68

69

70

72

73

75

77

77

78

80

81



REASON FOR SACKING OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL REPORTED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 1 Dec 82 p 8

[Text]

cso:

3400/489

SEYCHELLES: AND ‘FINALLY BERLOUIS. It is widely
believed that attorney-general Bernard Rassool was sacked on 3
September: because he insisted the government admit the full
casualty list of the 17-19 August army mutiny. (Officially there
were nine deaths, There may have been about 50). Since then
there have been two further scares: the arrest of about six people
‘on Praslin Island on suspicion of anti-government activity, and
the explosion on a beach on Mahe Island of a car containing
Seychellois Simon Desnousse (a well-known dissident) and South
African Mike Asher together with propaganda for the Mouve-
ment pour la Résistance, an exiled opposition movement. On 24
October the London Sunday Times reported the plotting of a
coup by Seychellois exiles and South African mercenaries.

President Albert Réné has a friend in Mario Ricci, an Italian
businessman involved in the construction of a. new casino in
the ‘Seychelles, There is some evidence that the attempted coup
by Mike Hoare last year was partly financed by the forward sale
of shares in a different casino complex that would have been
built under the aegis of a reinstated James Mancham.

The immediate threat to Réné is more likely to come from
within. His main rival is defence minister Ogilvy Berlouis, who
has probably more control than Réné over the remains of the
Seycellois army and the 300 Tanzanian soldiers now forming the
backbone of the security force. Berlouis has long been in conflict
with Réné over control of the police force, which is headed by a
career policeman, James Pillay. Berlouis wants Pillay replaced,

Until now Réné has kept his ground on the security front.
But during the last few weeks he has lost three key allies: cabinet
ministers Matthew Servina (agriculture), Philibert Loizeau (social
services) and Karl St.’ Ange (health). They’ resigned, leaving
Berlouis with the majority of the now seven-member cabinet.
(Following ‘the resignations; Joseph Belmont, the 35-year-old
former head of the government development agency, was made
minister of work and social security and a cabinet member.

Curiously he is not a central committee member of the ruling

Seychelles People’s Progressive Front (SPPF).

Réné’s base as leader of the SPPF is now crucial. The SPPF
Congress on 30 September-lst October voted to tighten greatly
central control over the local party branches, a move which will
increase his power. But the publicity given to the various plots
against his government has badly affected the tourist business.
This year the islands may get about 35,000 tourists, compared
to 79,000 in 1979, Réné has staked his own reputation on the
industry since ‘he took over the tourism portfolio. There is little
chance that he can revive its flagging fortunes in the near future @

68

SEYCHELLES



CAPE VERDE

CULTURAL, SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION WITH GDR
Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 19 Nov 82 p 4

[Text] The second session of the Mixed GDR-Cape Verde Commission, meeting
between 1 and 4 November, in Berlin, made it possible to sign a cultural and
scientific-technical cooperation program for the 2-year period of 1983-1984.

The program, signed by Comrade. Osvaldo Sequeira, secretary of state for
commerce, tourism, and crafts, representing Cape Verde, and Wolfgang Bruckner,
director-general of foreign trade, for Germany, involves vocational training
and technical assistance; it provides for art shows and covers the sectors of
health, agriculture, and culture.

A survey was also conducted during the work of this second meeting concerning
the possibilities of trade cooperation.and the GDR government expressed in-
terest in importing canned tuna.

According to the head of the Cape Verde delegation, this meeting demonstrated
the agreement of ideas on the importance of mutual cooperation for the con-
solidation of independence.

The Cape Verde delegation also included comrades Adao Rocha, director-general
of cooperation; Quirino Spencer, director-general. in the Ministry of Education
and Culture; Teresa Ribeiro, of the Ministry of Foreign Trade; Elisa Rodrigues,
of EMPA [Public Enterprise for Supply]; Carlos Sole, of the regional direc-
torate of commerce in the northern zone, and two officials. from the Embassy

of Cape Verde in.the GDR.

The German delegation was made up of comrades Bieter [as published; Dieter]
Belzer, director of foreign trade; Wolfgang Gaebelein, head of the northern
and western division of Africa in the Ministry of Foreign Trade; Erhard
Kristek, cultural coordinator, northern and western division of Africa;
Michael Dobraz, head of the C.E. Intercoop Enterprise; and Monika Ruch,
interpreter.

5058
cso: 3442/79

23



intervened in Gambia last year, COSU issued a statement condemning that action.
It also took a stand concerning the use of press media belonging to the govern-
ment. However, it is more difficult for those parties to find an area of
agreement with regard to or decide on a joint candidate.

Too many differences exist between them. Moreover, COSU is definitely "the
first experiment in patriotic unity" as the ID-MPT's secretary general calls

it, but that unity is "conflict unity." Mr Babacar Sane has refused to come
out with the name of a candidate behind whom part of the opposition could group
itself. But according to the rumors, it certainly seems that one name might

be Mamadou Dia. There is also reason to believe that the Party for Independence
and Labor [PIT], a party -of.the Marxist persuasion, would allyitself with
Master Wade's PDS.

Election law on the subject of alliances still demonstrates loopholes that the
opposition parties might well expect to exploit. There might also be mutual
withdrawals at the level of certain departments, even for the legislative elec-
tions. But one can already say that the division within that opposition, the
multiplicity of parties that go to make it up (13 of them confronting the PS),
is in a way playing into the hands of the party in power. For one might well
wonder if the voters, the majority of them illiterate, are going to be able

to find their way in the forest of acronyms, the proliferation of symbols, the
different shadings in the political coloration of the groups.

PAI (African Independence Party), LD-MPT, PIT, Workers Socialist Organization,
and Commmist Workers League definitely take their inspiration from Marxism-
Leninism. But ideological differences prevent them from getting together. In
addition to them there are AJ-MRDN, UDP (Union for a People's Democracy), the
PPS (Senegalese People's Party), People's Democratic Movement (MDP), and the
RND--all claiming kinship with the Left--, the PDS--the Center-Left—, and

the MRS [Senegalese Republican Movement]--the conservative Right.

Without Illusions

But one must realize what the 1983 consultations represent in the eyes of those
opposition parties in order to understand their lack of eagerness tocreate
stronger alliances. For the OST [Workers Socialist Organization], the consul-
tations are an opportunity to acquaint the masses with its line, and to give the
widest possible dissemination to its ideals within the OST itself. As for the
LD-MPT's secretary general, he declared at his press conference that patriotic
unity was not yet a critical step for his party and that it was necessary to
safeguard the party's freedom of expression and distinctive character for the
time being. Therefore, for the LD-MPT 1983 will be an important year for "the
broadening and deepening of the democratic process, the strengthening of organ-
ization, and the advancement of patriotic unity."

66



CONFERENCE OPENS ON ALTERNATIVE REVENUE SOURCES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 8 Dec 82 p 14

[Text]

cso:

A WEEK:LONG conference ori
“alternative sources of govern-
‘ment revenue” opens at the Con-
ference Centre, University af
Tbadan last Monday. It is being
organised by the Nigerian: ‘In-
stitute for Social and Economic
Research (N.LS.E.R.).

Described as problem solving,
the conference will be attended
by distinguished represen-
tatives of the-public and private
“sectors as well as academicians

from universities and research
institutes.

A total of 35 papers, divided in-
to six major.themes, will be
presented. These include new ap-
proaches to tax, under which pro-

. perty rate, sales’ and company
" tax as new sources of revenue
;_ will be examined.
* ‘The second theme is new ven-
tures 4s, sources; in which par-
ticipants are expected to ex-
vamine the liquified natural gas
project, livestock feeds, tourism
ete.

External sources- is -the .third :
+titheme. Under it, are such things
-as structured import policy, ex-
ternal debt management, and

3400/476

59

tapping of multinational corpora-
tions.

Other areas include an ex-
amination of the efficiency and
,effectiveness of government
financial management. The ef-
fectiveness of. parastatals, the
“eivil service, circulation of
“government funds and wastages
in schools ‘locations will be
analysed.

_A sixth area is cost effec-
tiveness and possible avenues of
savings. Pricing of government
contracts just as premature
retirements, cost-control, in-
creased utilization and limitation
of deficit finance come under this
theme.

* According to Dr, A.O. Sanda,
Head of Training Division and
»Coordinator of the conference,
NISER felt most concerned with
widespread cries of lack of funds
by aH the -governments in the
federation and decided: to do
somethirtg about it. -
Conclusions of the six working
groups will be drawn and made
available to the different govern-
:ments. as’ well as the general
“public.

NIGERIA



in speculation and profiteering and have created difficulties for large
sectors of the population faced with an uncontrolled increase in the cost
of living.

In light of this situation, the leaders of the MPLA-Labor Party decided that
the necessary adjustments must be made to the 1983 National Plan, and that
immediate, forceful steps must be taken to combat the considerable concentra-
tion of financial power in the hands of a greedy group of speculators and to
create the basic conditions conducive to economic recovery and an improved
standard of living for the people.

The rationalization and better use of potential productive capacity, an
increase in labor productivity and in the volume of production and an in-
crease in the economic rate of return are the main tasks to be included in
programs to which all workers must be committed.

When these main tasks are achieved, the economic potential and defensive
capacity of the country will grow year by year, and the supply of food and
consumer items will be improved and funds available to meet the people's
social needs will increase.

Now more than ever, it is imperative to strengthen the party’s leading role.
The MPLA-Labor Party, as the guiding force of the Angolan society and govern-
ment, has focused its activities en strengthening its structures, improving
the methods and quality of work and perfecting the structures to assist and
control state activities.

It has reorganized the party's central apparatus-and has made the Secretariat
of the Central Committee and its support organs more effective and opera-
tional. It has regulated the activities of the party's leadership and
support organs down to the municipal level, and for the first time has held
assemblies and conferences to renew the mandates of the grass-roots organi-
zations and the party's municipal and provincial committees. This year

also witnessed the start of the first membership campaign to admit new party
members, to give it a larger base among the people and make it a more effec-
tive and operational presence in all sectors of the country's political and
socioeconomic life. This campaign, which was divided into various phases,
was designed to strengthen the grass-roots organizations with conscientious,
dedicated and dynamic individuals who would help make the party's revolu-
tionary process better and more effective and to rid the party of harmful and
ineffective individuals.

The organizational efforts also included ideological activities of the party,
permitting its members and leaders to combine political and cultural supre-
macy.

The First National Information Seminar and the formation of the Union of
Angolan Journalists open new possibilities for information agencies and
personnel to participate in achieving the revolution's objectives.

16



‘side the war zone in the
north, as _—_ additional
«security districts’.
It provides for, inter
calia,:
@ relocating peoples’
place of residence .and
curfews;
*@ searches and detentions
without warrant; ~
@ detentions up to 30
days. which can be
prolonged by the AG;
@ and interrogation by
any authorised member of
the. Security Forces
(including Police).
The proclamation ac-
cords considerable rights
of indemnity from any
legal action — a
criminal or interdicts —
the _. authorities, while
providing for the AG's
specific permission before
the detainee can have ac-
cess to legal représentation.
7 ding to Adv Viall
“nobody ‘is being held. un-
_der AG 26 at the moment
as far as I. know.”
This proclamation —
detention for the preven-
_ tion of political violence
and intimidation — was is-
sued in 1978, largely to
combat a Swapo’s boycott
campaign against the elec-
tions for a constituent as-
* sembly at the time.
Unlike to AG 9, this one
spells. out rights for
detainees to:
© be given a copy of the
warrant of arrest and

reasons, in writing for the .

arrest, by the AG on Te-
quest;

@ notify. a friend of
relative of his detention;
@ visits by a State
- medical ‘officer at “least

cso: 3400/498

every fourth day, as well as
a fortnightly visit by a
+ magistrate;
@ submit written
representations to a review
committee.
However, the AG-
., appointed committee’s
deliberations or records
r may niot be disclosed to the
public and the AG need
4 Not sive effect to the com-
i mittee’s recommendations,
f nor has any court jurisdic-
{ tion on its functions or
“decisions.

LIFE
IS CHEAP

But in Namibia’s war
zone the rule of law is even
further out of reach and life
iis cheap. Here the SA
Defence Act of 1957 ap-
plies.

Its section 103Ter on
indemnity states: “no
proceedings, whether civil
Sof law against a member of
ithe SA Defence Force, or
/ any other person in the ser-
vice of the State by reason
cof any act advised, com-
manded, ordered, directed
or done in good faith for
the purposes of or in con-
nection with the prevention
of suppression of terrorism
in any Operational Area.

The phrase “in connec-
tion with” is one of the
points in the law providing
potential indemnity for
deaths in detention, tor-
ture, or the.disappearence
of detainees’ in Namibia’s
war zone, according to
‘some legal opinion.

Recent examples where
such _ incidents were
- coupled to ‘bone fide suspi-

33

cion of a detainee’s as-
sociation with ‘ ‘terrorist’
:activities’, include:

_@ General Gouws’s state-
-ment last week on one of
‘the deceased’ Kanvango
‘detainees —  Kaduma
Katanga — “after question-
hing he confessed to being a
‘terrorist” and died shortly
}afterwards from unknown
Feauses. It has since been
tannounced that the Police
are to conduct a full in-
‘quiry into the death of Mr
‘Katanga . and another
Kavango detainee, Jona
/Hamukwaya, both who
died on the same day.

@ The disappearance of a
“Kaokoland resident Johan-
nes Kakuva (62) late in
1980 ‘after being allegedly
released from’ custody to
lead the Security Force to
‘a group of insurgents. Of-
ficial spokesmen surmised
that Mr Kakuva might
‘have been killed or ab-
‘ducted by Swapo comba-
tants.

@ The disappearance of a
detainee’s body — “shot
while trying to escape”
from Ruacana’s airstrip.en
route to the Police morgue
in Oshakati in January.

>@ The disappearance of
‘the  Caprivi_ African
National Union’s founder
President Brendon
: Simbwaye late in 1979,
| reportedly immediately
after being released from,
detention in the Caprivi.
Again official explanation
has reportedly blamed his
death on Swapo in Zam-
bia.



TIN ORE PRODUCTION REPORTED DOWN

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 3 Dec 82 p 1

{Article by Kachi Ndubisi]

[Text]

t . THERE has been a gradual decline in
pthe production of tin ore in the country
within the past ten years. The produc-
ition dropped from 10,000 tonnes a
tdecade ago to approximately 3,000 ton-
‘nes at present, the Vice-President, Dr.

lex Ekwueme, said at the formal open-
g ceremony of the fourth ministe

‘meeting of tin-producing countries in

‘Lagos.

The reason for the decline,
: according to him, was the

’ heavy capital investment in-
, volved in-tin mining. Some of

, the mining companies in the

< country could hardly provide
the capital involved, he
noted.

The introduction of National
Minimum Wage by legislation
was also. another burden on
the tin industry.

- He said that. the Federal
«Government had allocated five
= million Naira in the 4th National
Development Plan 1981—85 for
‘ prospecting. and productio:
alluvial tin. Five. million Nes
«was also voted during the plan
jperiod for Ririwari (birmen-
:Kano). underground mine
i evelopment in Kano State, he
ai

He expressed delight over the
sunited efforts of all producing
. countries in the International Tin
Council to fight for reasonable

53

iprice range. ~

The vice-president however ex-
‘pressed dismay over the non-co-
joperative attitude of major tin
consumers in matters affecting
determination of price range and
trelease of stoekpile, ‘“‘especially
‘United States of America.”

He observed that the current
‘economic recession in the world
had led toa sharp reduction in the
‘demand-for tin. “The attendant
problern today i is that the price-of-
ifered for tin is below cost of pro-
iduction”’ he asserted.

*_ According to him, the introduc-

* ‘tion of export contro] by the Inter-

national Tin Council had_not
significantly improved the situa-
tion. But he stressed that without

« export control, the whole price

mechanism of the tin agreement
would probably collapse entirely.
“It is against this background

) that continuous release of tin by

the U.S: from its stockpile must

be viewed seriously by all pro-

ducers.””
He appealed to the ministers to

NIGERIA



which cannot be found in the supermarkets, but which appear in surprising
quantities on the black market. And this leads us to ask who are the black
marketeers? Who is feeding the black markets? Who is supporting them?
Naturally, this could lead anyone to reflect the possibility of some sort
of collusion, even an involuntary one.

After analyzing these sorry facts, we can only deplore the shameful and
intolerable situation resulting from this state of affairs. We can also
make a wide variety of allegations and comments. But my dear friends,
what antidote is there for this evil other than concrete action?

9805
CsO: 3442/64

19



Universal Declaration of Human
' Rights, “but,” says president Prof
: M Bopape,” because of the cur-
rent South African official policy
< of apartheid, Sabswa decided to
‘open its membership only to
© blacks. It however, regards South
:. Africa as.a one nation country
with one economy.

“On the one hand, it cannot
morally subscribe to the apar-
theid policy and all its institu-
tions, but while its-motto is ‘to
serve humanity from cradle to
grave,” due to the restrictions im-
posed by the laws of the country,
the services of black social work-
ers and black institutions are re-

> Stricted to certain ethnic groups.”

“Sabswa is prepared to join to-
gether with other social work as-
sociations in the country and
serve all social workers and cli-
ents irrespective of skin colour,
but such a joining together must
be on the basis of absolute equal-
ity in all welfare matters. This

*--would mean equality in welfare

CsO: 3400/483

86

|.” status and welfare grants.”
|. The objectives of the South Af-
: rican Black Social Workers Asso-
BE ciation are: 2 .
© To regulate the practising of the
profession of social work or an
associated profession, and to reg-
ister social and associated work-
| ers,
© To: determine the minimum
standards of tuition and training
of social and associated workers,
© To exercise effective control
over the professional conduct of
’ social and associated workers;
© To determine the standards.of
- professional conduct of social and
associated workers and to ensure
, that they are being maintained,
and > $ °
| @ To encourage and promote effi-
ciency and responsibility, to pro-
tect the interests of the profes-
sion, and also to advise the Minis-
| ter on any matter affecting the
): profession of social work and as-
. sociated workers.



FOOD SELF-SUFFICIENCY POSSIBILITIES ANALYZED

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3409, 6 Dec 82 pp 3145-3148

[Article by Julius Omozuanvbo Ihonvbere:

Nigeria"]

[Text]

AFTER THE publication of the Federal

* Ministry of Information’s ‘Development

Projects in Nigeria: Irrigation Scheme as it
Affects Farmers” by Sunday Nwaobi,; I

waited over three years, just to give the”

author a chance and to see how optimistic
he was being for the success of agricultural
and particularly food production schemes
in Nigeria alongside the oil boom. In order
to set the records right and provide a
critique of Mr. Nwaobi’s piece, it is essen-
tial to briefly restate his arguments.

Among other things.’ Mr. Nwaobi had-

argued that Nigeria was soon: to “attain
that state of self-sufficiency in food produc-
tion and in fact, once again, rely on
agriculture as a major contributing sector
in the sustenance. of our’economy”. He
arrived at this conclusion after travelling
through “the length and breadth” of the
country. Citing the Operation Feed the
Nation (OFN), the widespread distribution
of seedlings to farmers and the efforts to
get local farmers to use tractors. Nwaobi
concluded that, “the general increase in

food production throughout the country,.

stands at about 10.to 15 percent” and that
farmers’ income-in 1979 could be put
“between N 1,500 and 65,000 a year deriv-
able from farm projects”. :
On the one hand, Mr. :Nwaobi’s con-
tribution could have been aimed to serve as
propaganda for the Nigerian government
but since ‘he ‘travelled ‘the “length and
breadth” of Nigeria to arrive “at these
conclusions; the reality must be presented
against the propaganda. The major flaw in.
his piece is the attempt to run away from
the glaring fact that since the oil boom, the

40

NIGERIA

"Oil Boom and Food Production in

Nigerian state has become relatively inde-
pendent financially, food imports have
increased almost tenfold, agriculture has
been ‘neglected irrespective of ‘vitriolic
propaganda and the government has come
to depend exclusively on oil revenues.
Considering the fact that Nigeria lacks a
plantation based on agricultural
bourgeoisie that accumulates from invest-
ments in agriculture and the fact that state
power is in the hands of an alliance of
technocrats, compradors and commercial
capitalists, one wonders how. Mr. Nwaobi
expects a state which accumulates through
distribution of foreign produced goods to
begin to encourage agriculture especially

“when it has discovered another source’ of

revenue — the-oil sector. ©

The author also failed to mention the
steady neglect of the rural areas and rural
people which has in turn increased the rate
of rural-urban migration, urban poverty
and unemployment as well as declining
agricultural productivity in the rural areas.
Equally, the neo-colonial content and con-
text of the Nigerian educational system
which continues to teach the young and
educated to look down on’ agriculture.
farmers and the rural areas, which in the
final analysis contributes to the migration
to the urban centres and declining rural
productivity was not mentioned. It is in the
light of these shortcomings that the follow-
ing contribution is made.

At independence in 1960, Nigeria was a
predominantly agricultural country depen-
dent on the export of cash crops for foreign
exchange earnings. The contribution of oil
to national revenues was-less than 8 per
cent. About 90 per cent of the 56m.



MAGNUM FINANCIAL HOLDINGS PLACED IN LIQUIDATION

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Dec 82 pp 1, 2

[Article by Tony Stirling]

[Text]

{A CRUCIAL letter from Magnum’s auditors —
‘suggesting that Magnum Leasing Limited may
have been involved in.material irregularities in-
volving more than R12-million of SA Bank of
Athens funds — was: yesterday introduced in
liquidation ‘proceedings of Magnum Financial
Holdings Pty Ltd, one of the top companies in

theMagnum group. _
' Magnum Financial
Holdings was yesterday
placed in provisional
‘liquidation by Mr Justice
H Nestdat in the Rand
Supreme Court in terms
of an order sought by
three of the company’s
\provisional judicial man-
ager.

An application will be
brought. on Monday
-morning for the provis-
ional liquidation of Mag-
num Acceptances Ltd,
which was still quoted on
the Johannesburg ‘ Stock
Exchange, at 9,30 am.
The Stock Exchange will
‘be informed of the move
.on the company whose
shares are already sus-
pended.

Magnum Acceptances
Ltd is presently under an
order of provisional judic-
cial management.

' Oppose
Magnum Financial
‘Holdings did not oppose
the order being sought for
iprovisional _ liquidation.

81

But Mr Fanie du Plessis,
representing Magnum Fi-
nancial Holdings, indi-
cated to the court that his
client was if dis-
agreement with the vast
“majority of allegations
made by the judicial man-
agers in their application
and would oppose the
matter on the return date
on February 1, next year.

Attached to yesterday’s
‘court papers was a letter
from the group’s auditors
Richardson, Reid and
Partners, addressed to the
directors of Magnum
Leasing Ltd.

It stated that as at June
30, 1982, the company
had loaned R12-million
from the SA Bank of
Athens “and we. have
been informed that this
loan has increased since
that time.

Obtain

“Your company does
not carry on any trade
and we have been inform-
‘ed that the money raised

SOUTH AFRICA



"FANATICS' REPORTED ATTACKING POLICE AT RIGASA

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 Nov 82 p 20

{Article by Francis Talabi]

[Text]

cso:

3400/475

ABOUT 200 “fanatics” attacked the police when they
went to search their stronghold at Rigasa village on Oc-
tober 29, an Assistant Superintendent of Police Mr. Isa

Testifying in a. case of
unlawful assembly and rioting
against 20 “fanatics”, he told

‘the court that the police unit

having exhausted their teargas
had to run for their lives.

He said a unit of the police led
by the late Assistant Commis-
sioner of Police, Mr. Karimu
Yakubu, had gone to Rigasa to
arrest the “fanatics” following
reports that they were harassing
people.

Mr. Emodah said after the
police had relieved the ‘fanatics’
of their weapons, they heard a
loud voice -houting ‘Ba Sarki Sai
Allah, Allah Ka Raba Mu Da
Kafirai,” meaning, ‘There is no
God but Allah,” and ‘Allah

58

_Emodah, told a Kaduna Magistrate Court yesterday.

‘rid us of infidels.”

He said after that many more
‘fanatics’? appeared from

: nowhere to attack them.

Mr. Emodah said ‘he tried to
shoot the “fanatics” but his pistol
jammed and he had to take to his

* heels.
During the search of the ‘‘fana-
tics” enclave, 46 knives, 12
| cutlasses, eight swords, 38 ar-
rows, an axe, 30 sticks, three
bows and 33 assorted charms
| were recovered by the police.
} Another witness, Retired Cap-
\ tain Mohammed Sani Maiduguri,
told the court that he led the
pvigilante group to flush out the
© ‘fanatics’ from the house of their
~feader, Mamman Dan Sokoto.
Hearing continues on Decem-
ber 3.

NIGERIA



(from these loans has been
Jent to Mr M E Summer-
fey, who in turn has lent
this money to Magnum
-Financial Holdings | (Pty)
Ltd, ther companies
in that gro up.

“We ha have been unable
to obtain a certificate
sfrom the SA Bank of
[Athens setting out the in-
idebtedness of the “Mag-
‘num Group/M E Sum-
merley to themselves.

. “If these loans have
“been structured in such a
manner to mislead the SA
Bank of Athens, this con-
stitutes a material irregu-

“We ask you, there-
fore, to provide us with
an explanation of the
\transactions and a letter
from the SA Bank of
“Athens confirming this
‘explanation.

“If you are unable to
provide us with this expla-
ation, we must submit a
icopy of this letter to the
‘Accountants’ and. Audi-
‘tors’ Board within 30
‘days, in terms of Section
26 of the Public Accoun-
tants and Auditors’ Act,”
Auditors

‘This is the customary
notice given ‘by auditors
to company. directors
‘when advised of possible
>material irregularities.

Mr Issy Maisels, SC, on
behalf of provisional ju-
dicial managers, Barend
‘ de Wet, Colin Fisher, and
Oliver Powell, sought ‘a

was ordered by the court
last week.

As part of the order
provisional _ liquidators
will be appointed as a
smatter of urgency.

This follows three days
of meetings between the
judicial managers of this
company and Magnum
‘Acceptances Ltd.

CSO: 3400/483

Mr Maisels advised the
court of a further urgent
:application-to-be brought
{on Monday morning —
i that involving the possible
\Jiquidation of Magnum

Acceptances Ltd.

Fraud .

Police ~ investigations
care being conducted into
allegations of fraud con-
cerning the dealings of
the Magnum group of
companies with the SA
*Bank of Athens.
}- Allegations made by
the provisional. judicial
‘Managers yesterday in-

upon to explain the finan-
cial position ‘of the com-
' pany were not available.
© An allegation ‘that
subsequent to a judicial
<-management order hav-
ing been placed against
the company and Mag-
mum Acceptances, nearly
R100 000 was paid over to
Magnum’s lawyers, after
which an explanation had
‘been demanded from Mr
‘Summeriey, advising him
that in terms of the judic-
ial management order the
company directors had
been divested of their

powers.

@ The judicial man-
agers said they specially
denied that Magnum
Holdings was solvent, as
stated in a supporting affi-
davit by Mr Summerley
for judicial management.

‘“We say the’ respondent
is, in fact, hopelessly in-
solvent for reasons which
will more fully ° appear
hereinafter,” an affidavit
by. the joint provisional
judicial managers said.
Companies

They also stated. that it
‘was clear from enquiries
conducted over the past
three: days that’ other
yeompanies in the Mag-

“num group n6 longer had

any cash surpluses of re-
sources and were not able

_to lend money to Mag-

82

eS,
g
&
i

showed that the company

had liabilities which ex-

ceeded its assets by

R4 309 668.

t -

: History /

It was the considered

‘opinion of the provisional
judicial managers that the
situation of the compan-
ies had worsened since
the end of October and
‘they stated that the pres-
ent realisable value of in-

| vestment in subsidiaries
of more than R18-million
were now worth much
less, while most, if not all,
movable assets of value
had been discounted or
pledged.

‘The company had re-

corded a consistent his-

* tory of trading at a loss.

It was further alleged
that the company had a
liability of R3 833 000.to

‘ Rand Bank, plus other
? obligations.

“The statement that.
the Magnum ‘group, in-.
cluding 'the respondant, is
able to settle its obliga-
.. tions is absolutely correct.

_) “This inability to pay is
‘of @ permanent nature
and cannot be cured. by”
judicial management,”
., the affidavit stated.
Creditors

It was also pointed out
that only in the event of
“iguidation could _ the
F ereditors be prevented
} from disposing or realis-
* ing their security — which
could be halted under the
4. Insolvency Act.

i Although Magnum has
‘reserved the right to fight
». the order at a later stage,
:it is clear that the original
; judicial managers believe
«that the group, as a
¢ whole, cannot meet its
¢-debts and should be put
} under liquidation.



with a high “im-
ported content, and instead
seek goods with a ‘high
local content. -

‘The Government would
take steps to reduce recur-
rent expenditure but al-
though some of the pro-
jects in the three year
plan might have to be
scaled down or resched-
uled, the Government did
wot believe there would
be major deviations.

“This is not the time
for complaint. This is the
time for determination, for
hard work, We must be
Spartan in our approach.

“Government will play
its part by carefully en-
suring there is not ex-
ploitation. of a difficult
situation, The people must
turn this to advantage,
with their objective being
the survival and growth
of our economy and their
‘own prosperity.”

As in .the liberation
struggle, the victors of the
economic struggle would
be those maintaining vigi-
lance and national discip-
line.

“We have the natural
resources,’ the infrastruc-
ture, the entrepreneural
skills, and the strength of
vision and policy measures
for the society we are de-
termined to build — demo-~
cratic, dynamic, trans-
forming itself progres-
sively into a secure and
just home for all.”

~. The Reserve Bank would
from now on fix the ex-
change rate “by weference
to trade weightings and
associated factors”.

DETERMINED

‘The rate had been de-
termined by relating the
‘Zimbabwean dollar to six
currencies — British sterl-
ing, United States dollar,
Deutsche mark, Swiss
“franc, French franc and
South African rand, In

‘THE effect of the devalua-
‘ton of the dollar. on the
‘country’s ‘manufacturing
' sector will be mixed, said
‘a spokesman for the Con-
i federation of Zimbabwe
Industries, yesterday. ~

veffect, the exchange rate
‘was related to currency
use, ,

Cde Chidzero said the
new system would not.
)mean that the Zimbabwean
(dollar would be’ floating,
but that it would be more
“like a snake in a tun~
nel’. ’
| Finanelal experts later
jexplained that the dollar
‘would. now move in the
same direction as the cur-
rencies of Zimbabwe's
‘major trading partners.

Cade Chidzero said the
new system, which would
now relate itself to a big-
ger number of currencies,
{would be more flexible and
‘wil “ensure the determi-
nants of change are taken
Minto account ag they oc-
yours ~

“This ig necessary and
ia keeping with Zimba-
ipwe's position as a trad-
‘ing nation in a world of
“increasing competition.”
| He denied that the de-
valuation was a result of
pressure from the Inter-
national Monetary Fund,
but added that the move
might make the IMF more
‘sympathetic to Zimba-
bwean requests for aid, _

RIGHT TIME

Devaluation had been
‘under consideration for
some! months and it had
been decided that now
was the right time to do
it, :

Import allocations had
already been cut and ex-
change controls tightened
and steps had to be taken
te promote exports in &
highly competitive world
‘and sustain production for
export at a time of de-
pressed commodity prices.

A crucial issue was the
“problem of our exchange
“rate and our cost struc-
ture in relation to those
of ‘the countries with
which” we seek ‘to trade

It Will Be a Mixed Blessing, Says CZI

"Following on the export
} {ncentives announced last
> month, it’ would make ex-
| porters’ products far more
| competitive.

‘Provided that advantage
can be taken of. these in-

117

“and compete, In the re-
cent past the value of our
\ dollar has appreciated con-
\ siderably and our compa-
\rative position has deteri-
lorated accordingly,” said
‘Dr Chidzero.
* “The result has been
| reduced earning in Zimba-
bwe dollar terms for our
\exporters, | unreasonably
| cheap imports, ‘lower aid
Vreceipts and an unattrac-
tive investment environ-
ment.”
|. Devaluation would have
; both its pros and cons and
“would have to be backed
up by other policy meas-
ures .such as strict price
controls and. wage re-
straint.

BENEFIT

\The ‘benefits would in-
clude the revival of the
‘viability of export indus-
, tries and the restoration
of the external competiti-
‘veness of manufactured
Boods,

“This, wil give the op-
portunity to exporters to
intensify their efforts, to
)seek mew markets and ex-
pand existing markets and
it will be their duty to
grasp this opportunity and
to engage in an all-out
effort to increase their
export performance.

“Given this, we may ex-
pect to improve our
foreign excHange position
and to save jobs that
‘would otherwise be lost
during the coming year
and also gradually expand
employment  opportun!-
ties.”
| Dr Chidzero believed it
swould be possible to seek
limited foreign borrowing
lon acceptable terms to
«support the country’s bal-
Vance of payments and ease
some of the strains of the
reduced import allocations
and the short-term debt
burden, as well as carry
out the development priori-
ties of the plan.

\centives Zimbabwe could

anticipate a considerable
boost to its foreign ex-
change earnings. A

But the devaluation
would also make imports
20 percent more expensive.



MARXISM A MUST, MINISTER TELLS WRITERS

Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Dec 82 p 1

[Text]

MODERN Zimbabwean
writers must develop
a Marxist approach to
their work, the Minis-
ter of Information,
Posts and Telecom-
munications, Dr: Na-
than Shamuyarira, has
said.

He urged delegates at
the opening of the first
annual . College Press

workshop in Ha-

rare on Friday to examine
the development of tradi-
tion, production, law,
education and the vast

poor in the post-libera-
tlon ‘stage of indepen-

nee,
it writ-
tags are most incisive in
énalysing thé colonial,
pan-Africah, ‘Independent

‘and Uberated societies of
‘ the continent,” Cdé Sha--

muyarira said:

Writers, he said, had to
Temain independent and
Ghuéctive invéstigators of

e truths

SOS pernine writing formed
fn important part of the
iterature. of the libera-
tion of mankind and
could help Zimbabwean
writers to examiné the
post independence direc-

of the new nation,
at lad to begin with
® clear commitment to
independence, sovereignty
and the freedom of the

Pine t; political
past; polite

reatetetions African

Wwitera were “oevere and

fost of them wrote about

the urban-rural conflict

120

(‘which had now become an
2 vis tnprtet
re were im
issues to be explored but
“Africans were not per-

mitted to-write politics”,
‘.q¢ Shortly etter Ere Second
“World War the beginning:
of a strong protest iitere=
.ture were established in
Zimbabwe.
Tn the early 1960s some

“writers, like Terence

fndependence through a
jhumber of pamphlets and

books.

Cde Shaiityarira said
Svery writer had a political
Pole to play and needed to
‘bé committed to the cause
of freedom befors picking
tip the pen

‘There was no toom for
fheutrality birt rather an
Objectivity which was
peeded “to analyse issues
peck backed by evidence and

However, every. author
hes & class and political
position.

“phere was a tendency
during the colonial period
for those in power.
Buthors, ‘especially Afri«
‘eans, must be: neutral,’ =
aid Cde Shamuyarira.

BLACK POWER
. Yet there was a, lot of

lonial domination
plone doe oF loetedion

ZIMBABWE



One of the achievements in these years of battle was to give the news media
something like an unretouched photograph. Complacency gave way to a picture
painted in bold, harsh strokes, leaving no room for romanticism.

This dry manner of explaining events in East Timor is, first and foremost, a
reflection of the way in which the Maubere leadership has been reporting the
aggression since the beginning. Using precise words to fit the circumstances,
FRETILIN succeeded in describing all the horrors of the invasion, not just
drawing a profile but depicting the true nature of the regime led by General
Suharto.

In their writing and in their public statements, their words served to unveil

a shocking picture. The power and the limitations of language are known to all.
The -objectivity with which FRETILIN has transmitted to the world the climate
experienced on this small ocean island, far from alienting world public opinion,
has gradually opened doors in an area which often chooses not to report dramas
of this kind.

In East Timor, the thousands of dead and wounded resulting from the aggression,
the countless victims of deliberate starvation and the rolls of refugees demon-
strate that the reactionary assault knows no bounds. The direct way in which
FRETILIN has focused on this savagery against its country has had two results;
it has given an accurate picture of the enemy and has given more credibility
to the resistance movement. Such an achievement is possible only for those
who have the confidence of their people, and with this people, on their own
land, have created the certainty of victory--victory which came closer on
this 18 November.

6362
CSO: 3442/73

27



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

REGION RICH IN ENERGY RESERVES, SADCC CONFERENCE TOLD
Harare THE HERALD in English 9 Dec 82 p 13
[Text]

“SADCC ‘countries have rich mineral, petroleam and natural gas deposits to help the region to
reduce its dependence on imported energy requirements. .

Documents obtained by the Herald at the end of the first SADCC regional energy seminar held
in Harare last week show that at least five countries have either coal, natural gas, petroleum or vast
-forests for wood. —

Zimbabwe has an esti-
mated 30000 __ million
tonnes of coal, mostly in
the north-west Zambezi
valley and in the south-
east Sabi-Limpopo valley.
“The figure is probably
higher ‘and these resources
are: of different types and
qualities.”

Mozambique has a mini-
mum potential of 60 bil-
lion m’ of matural gas.
‘Thes2 deposits were found
inthe north and west, of
Vilanculos. Oi] prospect-
jng has also been started
both off-shore and. on-
shore and coal deposits
have been identified in
various parts of that
country.

. Malawi is endowed with
‘humerous potential sites
that could be developed to
harness: hydro-electricity.
“There are also specula-
tions that Malaw; may
possess natural gas and/
or crude oil deposits at
the bottom of Lake
Malawi,” according to. the
documents.

Exploration work is
continuing despite predic-
tions that even if the
deposits are there, it
would be uneconomical be-
cause of the depth of the
lake and the unavail-
ability of export routes.

Tanzania has 41 billion
m’ of natural gas found
in the Songo Songo region.
“And more recently, about
130 billion m? of natural
gas have also been found
in the Kimbiji_ reserve,
about 40km from Dar es
Salaam.

“Further exploratory
work for both oil and
natural gas and studies for
utilisation of gas reserves
already discovered are
being carried out,” the
documents say.

And apart from “plenti-
ful petroleum and oil re-
serves”, Angola is covered
with about 60 percent of
natural forests for wood
fuel. “About 50 percent of

the Angolan territory is,

covered by natural forests
and the remaining part ts
mainly ‘savannah and
steppes with a good agri-
cultural potential.

“Oil, which is plentiful
in Angola, plays a funda-
mental part both in meet-
ing the energy needs of the
country and. as a main
source of income.”

Although no estimates
of that country’s of) poten-
tial were available accord-
ing tothe Minister’ of
Energy and Petroleum,
Cde Pedro de Castro van-
Dunen, Angola had enough

resources to last for “a
reasonably long time”.

‘At a brief Press con-
ference soon after -offici-
ally closing the seminar,
Cde van-Dunen said his
country would give priority

. to the petroleum require-

ments of the SADCC coun-
tries. It was assigned the
task of co-ordinating the
regional energy projects
and programmes within
the SADGC countries,

In a, statement released

. after the five-day seminar,

the delegates strongly re-
commended that energy
co-operation was necessary
for the region's develop-
ment programmes,

“Areas of specific con-
cern centred first on do-
mestic energy _consump-
tion, particularly in the
rural areas where many
‘people live.

“Traditional fuels ac-
count for 52 to 94 per-

‘ cent of the total energy

consumption of the
SADCC states, hence the
seminar concluded that it
would be unrealistic to
move away from the use
‘of wood in the foreseeable
future.

IMPORTANCE

“In addition, the im-
portance of energy in



machines and farming methods, wastage of
resources and the migration of displaced
farmers to the urban centres. The involve-
ment of the World Bank in the farm
projects has only served to complicate
issues for the government in terms of the
social costs and the negative results of
crude efforts to extend capitalist agricul-
ture to the rural areas overnight.

While the national budget shot up from
$4.5bn. in 1962 to $175bn. in 1980, oil
production increased .from a mere 17,500
barrels per day in 1960 to about 2.2m.
barrels per day in the late '70s and
early ’80s. At the same time, revenues
from oil increased from a mere N3.4m. in
1959/60 to N5.2bn. in 1978. These enviable
changes were accompanied with other de-
pressing developments. For instance while
in the fiscal year 1970/71 oil accounted for
only 27.4 per cent of the Federal Govern-
ment's revenues and the share from other
sources was 72 per cent, the situation
changed drastically by the fiscal year 1974/
75 when oil contributed 84.4 per cent while
non-oil sources contributed only 15.6 per
cent. The latter figure has declined steadily
and the Nigerian state is now totally
dependent on the oil sector over which it
lacks control both at the international level
and domestically. In addition to.this de-
pendence, agriculture which contributed
63 per cent of the nation’s GDP in 1963
declined to 23 per cent in 1973 and now
contributes much less. While the export of
commodities accounted for 80 per cent of
the total value of exports in 1960. this
declined to only.6 per cent in 1974.

The failure to institute reforms in the
policies aimed at the rural areas led to
worsening conditions and massive migra-
tion as well as a decline in rural productiv-
ity. According to World Bank reports
Nigeria's urban population increased from
13 per cent in 1960 to 20 per cent in 1980,
which is an underestimation since it also
admits that the urban centres were growing
at an annual rate of 4.9 per cent. The
population that lived in cities increased
from 22 per cent in 1960 to 57 per cent in
1980, while only two cities existed with
over 500,000 people in 1960. this had
increased to nine in 1980. Finally, the
report also showed that agricultural labour
declined from 71 per cent of the active
labour force to 56 per cent. Nowhere is the
decline in food and cash crop production
better demonstrated than in the fortunes of
the Marketing Boards which purchased
454.000 tonnes of groundnuts in 1972,
178,000 ‘in 1973, 114,000 tonnes in 1974,
178,000 tonnes in 1975. 42,000 tonnes in
1976, 12.000 tonnes in 1977 and only 50

42

tonnes in 1978.

The neo-colonial educational system
also continued to teach the young that
farming at any level was a job for the old
and illiterate. The agricultural policies of
the government only ended up in providing
cheap labour for the construction boom
generated by the oil boom — army bar-
racks, schools. airports. expressways.
hotels and stadiums. The cheap labour
came from the rural areas — those dis-
placed by the. capitalist agricultural pro-
jects of international finance capital in
alliance with the Nigerian state and those
who are pushed off the rural areas by the
deteriorating conditions of life. i.

Since internal food production was de-
clining constantly, the Nigerian govern-
ment in order to contain urban pressures
initiated a dependent food policy which
was to cause scandals and distribute hunger
among the poor in the country. In 1960 the
Nigerian state imported food worth
§23.9m., this had increased to M28.8m. in
1970. With the oil boom and with the
increasing desire of the commercial capital-
ists to accumulate as much as possible.
food imports took a dramatic turn up-
wards. It reached M88m. in 1971,
N306.8m. in 1975, N783.4m. in 1977,
N818.8m. in 1979, M1.56bn. in 1980 and
NL.86bn. for the first three quarters of
1981. In a country rich in marine life, fish
imports alone reached a value of § 30m. in
1976 and N67m. in 1977. Sugar imports
went from § 76.6m. in 1976 to 8 129.4m. in
1977 while wheat imports went from
98m. in 1976 to N 129m. in 1977. In 1976
Nigeria imported 45m. kilos of rice this
increased to 264 kilos in the first nine
months of 1977. The rate of imports in
1981/82 was high enough to cause a nation-
al scandal involving legislators. By October
1980, the President declared that the
monthly import bill which had stood at
600m. in October 1979 had increased to
Nlbn. per month, The President not only
prescribed a liberalisation of restrictions on
imports as a solution to the rising import
bill but also predicted that “this figure was
likely to rise in months ahead” (see Shehu
Shagari’s Independence Anniversary
Speech. October 1980).

The net impact of the dependent food
policy run by the Nigerian state was to
further neglect the rural areas since with oil
wealth it could buy food from all over the
world. The policy also mortgaged the
stability of the country by the sheer fact
that whether Nigerians had food to eat or
not came to depend on foreign farmers and
countries. The dangers inherent in the food
policy of the Nigerian government while it



Training

He pointed out further that manpower would have to be trained in boat-build-
ing, in the manufacture, operation and repair of fishing gear, in the preser-
vation of catch, in engine operation, maintenance and repair, and in book-
keeping and management.

The crucial problem, however, was finance--"where to get the money from, and
how to give it to the fisherman in a way that maintains him as a functional,
responsible and independent member of society, and does not make him a beggar
forever dependent on aid".

Mr Grandcourt later submitted that the rational development of small-scale
fisheries might be the cheapest way of producing the protein needed by the
people of the region compared to the expenses of large-scale livestock
farming.

"T submit that it is.time that men, women and children living on islands or on
isolated coasts derive some of thebenefits which town dwellers in this century
have come to regard as normal", Mr.. Grandcourt said.

Speaking on behalf of the The FAO fisheries official
Director-General of the FAO, said that there were many
Senior Fishery _Industry fishing techniques in the re-
Officer lain Robertson said gion which had proved suc-
that the region was uniquely cessful in one country and
fortunate in having such mari- which could be applied with
time resources at its disposal equal success in another.
and governments that were “These techniques | may not
acutely aware of the many necessarily be new and the
Problems to be overcome in older skills should not be
the development and mana- abandoned and lost... .” he
gement of their fisheries. added.

Pointing out’ that all pre- During the rest of the week,
sent were aware of the com- the participants will Took’ ve-
mon difficulties with which ry closeiy at all the problems
they were faced with‘ ‘respect affecting small-scale’ fisheries
to financial resources availa. in the region and ‘will try to
ble for the promotion of fi suggest ways of solving them.
eries, Mr. Robertson said, The workshop will also
that nevertheless, much could look at various priorities for
be done on slender national the region as listed at the
budgets if the will to be ac- first meeting of the South-
tive was there.” West Indian Ocean Commit-

tee in Mauritius last year. ~

CSO: 3400/488



11 Sokoto State

12 Kano State

13 Borno State

14 Plateau State

15 Benue State

cso: 3400/474

(a)

(a)

(b)

(c)
(a)
(a)

(a)

Zamfara

Jigawa
State

Lautai
State

Chari

Gujba
State
Nassarawa/
Middle Belt
State

Kogi State

Talata, Mafara, Anka,
Gumni Maradun, Gusau,
Chafe, Kaura-Namoda,
Zurmi, Isa, LGA's, Zuru
and Sakaba/Wasagu LGA
Birnin-Kudu, Dutse, Gaya,
Gwaram, Sumaila, and
Wedil

Ringim, Kangama, Garki
Gumel, Maita gari, Hadeija,
Keffin Hausa, Birniwa
Kazaure, Bichi, and
Dambatta

Damaturu, Fune, Gujba,
Biu Fika Bade, Kaga
Laifia, Akwanga,

Keffi, Nassarawa Awe

Kogi, Bassa, Okebi,
Okene, Dekina, Idah

36

GUSAU

KACHAKO

HADEIJA

DAMBATTA

DAMATURU

LAFIA

LOKOJA



REPORTAGE ON DEVALUATION OF DOLLAR

Controlling Costs

Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Dec 82 p1

[Text]

THE average prices for
goods and services to
the ordinary . man
should rise by not more

“than 2° or 3 per-

cent because of the de-
valuation of the Zimba-
bwe dollar.

Speaking at. a Press
conference yesterday, the
Minister of Finance, Eco-

velopment, Dr Bernard

‘Chidzero, said the cur-.

rency realigament would
increase the price of im-
ported goods. ~ .
“However the rise in
prices will not he equiva-
Jent to the amount of the
devaluation. Rather, the

» increases will be felt in the

end product to the vary-
ing degrees depending ‘on

“the value of imports in the

final price to consumers.

~ ENFORCED

“Where the import. com-
ponent is smal] the rise in
Jocal prices will b= cor-
respondingly small, and
this is especially relevant
in the case of basic food-
stuffs.””

‘The Government would
ensure there were no ex-

cessive rises anc. the
price control order would

be strictly enforced. In-
creases would be permit-
ted in terms of the order.

Imported goods already

116

in the country could not
be increased in price and
the minister expected it
would take some time for
new stocks to reach the
consumer, The Minister of
Trade and | Commerce
would deal with t:  sub-
fect in more detail later.
The prices of petrol, oil
and diesel, the largest
ingle ‘import, would rise,
jbut the Peretusl foreign
currency component of the
‘pump price was smal) in
relation to other com-
ponents such as distribu-
tion cost, tax and profit.
Travel allowances and
the unused parts of allo-
cations already given
‘would be adjusted to over=
‘eome the effects of de-
-valuation.
| For the devaluation to
‘benefit the country it was
necessary to keep wage
restraint so that the com-
petitiveness gained in ex-
Ports would ‘hot be lost.

ADJUSTMENT

“The question of adjust-
ment in wage and salary
income will be reviewed in
the second quarter of 1983
\to see what increases
|might be sustainable from
July 11983.”

“The Government did not
awant any drop in real in-
come and believed the 15
percent inflation projected
in the three-year plan
‘would not be exceeded.

Zimbabweans had to
moderate their demand
for imported goods, and

ZIMBABWE



The process of perfecting the leadership of the economy and of correcting
cases of inefficiency in some economic and social sectors is under way.

The people's organs of power are becoming stronger and improving their opera—
tions, both in controlling executives and in increasing the opportunities
for people's representatives to participate in the management of state a
affairs.

Nevertheless, despite the progress made, the pace of development in the
country continues to be very slow, still quite far from the targets outlined
by the First Extraordinary Congress. The level of commercial production of
agricultural and industrial products does not meet domestic needs, despite
advances made in marketing inthe country. Because of this, there are still
tremendous difficulties in supplying foodstuffs and consumer goods to the
people and raw materials to industry.

The measures adopted to improve the low profitability of most enterprises
have still not borne fruit because of difficulties with management teams,

the low productivity of the labor force, failure to make proper use of equip-
ment and facilities, the squandering of raw materials and at times improper
use of material and financial means.

The crisis of the capitalist system, which worsened toward the end of 1981,
has had strong repercussions on the economic and social activities of the
country since, despite all the efforts made to reduce our dependence, it is
still considerable as a result of the economic structure inherited from
colonialism. The prices of our basic exports have been declining, while the
prices of imports have continued to rise.

Moreover, our country's struggle against imperialist actions and internal
enemies not only hampers economic activity in the most severely affected
regions but also forces us to allocate considerable resources to increase
our defensive capacity, to support displaced people and to rebuild what
was destroyed.

All of this sharply curtails the resources available to purchase foodstuffs,
spare parts, means of transportation, farm machinery and raw materials for
our processing industry.

Our party and government. leaders have therefore had to decree a whole series
of austerity measures designed to make better use of raw materials and
material and financial resources, and to improve the accounting organization,
statistical information and control over expenditures for raw materials

and the distribution of finished goods, in order to put an end to the
irrational use or squandering and diverting of government monies and to make
the economy more efficient and improve supplies of foodstuffs and consumer
goods to the people.

Moreover, the dmbalance between the increase in payment means primarily out-—

side the banking system and commercial means and services available to the
people and the delays in organizing marketing netwotks have led to an increase

15



Good Comradeship with Mozambican Colleagues

Talking about their stay in Maputo, the group of Angolan pilots who returned
to their country yesterday was unanimous in feeling that their training course
was characterized by a spirit of good comradeship on the part of their
Mozambican colleagues.

Here is a rather strange detail to be reported regarding the group of new
Angolan pilots who yesterday returned to their country: Some of them as a
matter of fact are very new, just 22 or 23 years old, but they are nevertheless
already joining the ‘Boeing 737' detachment.

5058
csO: 3442/77

10



Bishop Nkoane Refused Permission To Live in Kwathema
(Sello Rabothata; SOWETAN, 17 Dec 82).....sseeceeeeceves 83

Black Social Workers' Projects Described
(Elliot Makhaya; SOWETAN, 14 Dec 82).....seceeeseseseees 85

Commentary on Day of the Vow Observance

(Editorial; SOWETAN, 17 Dec 82)..........- tt eeeeececcees 87
Schoolboys Complete Police Reservists’ Course

(THE CITIZEN, 18 Dec 82).....eeceeeee aeons eee ne cereeces 89
Briefs

Tembisa Rents 90

Orlando Shacks 90

Unions Seek Cooperation 90

Sisulus Reunited 91

Lebowa Poll 91

UGANDA

Government Accounts System Reported in Mess

(THE EQUATOR, 30 Nov 82). ...ccesccsevccscessescecsecvens 92
Report Alleges Museveni, Others Run Kangaroo Courts

(UGANDA TIMES, 26 Nov 82) ....esseseeesccserveevereeecees 94
Industries Reported Picking Up

(UGANDA TIMES, 26 Nov 82) ..sesecccccecccveceeece 98
Briefs

Corn Exports to Tanzania 100

Fuel Prices Up 100

ZIMBABWE

Three-Year Economic Development Plan Evaluated
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 1 Dec 82).....eseseseseceseeeeeeee LOL

Defense Secretary Chitauro Interviewed
(Munyaradzi Chenje; THE HERALD, 11 Dec 82) een ccc eee etee 111

Wankie's Hwange Expansion Project Described
(David Linsell; THE HERALD, 10 Dec 82)..........seseeeee 113

Government Offers Loan To Rescue Indebted MID
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 10 Dec 82)....eeeseeeesecceoeees 115



4, Back in Harare after a three week trip including attendance
‘at the Commonwealth Finance Ministers’ Conference, Chidzero
implicitly denounced the IMF by reference to Zimbabwe's
refusal “to allow international financial institutions to dictate
policies when the country sought help”. The rhetoric might
partly have been for local consumption, to protect the political
flanks and beef up in anticipation of drastic and inevitable
decisions to come. The IMF might have been forgiven if it looked
askance at the views from the newest member, elected in
Toronto to lead the African Group on its policy making com-
mittee. But the fund probably knew better. An invitation to
revisit Zimbabwe for conclusive loan talks had already been
issued in Toronto.

5. The fund’s staff flew into Harare the next month with an
open-ended schedule. Within two days of their arrival and
before meeting with Chidzero, the minister of finance took off
suddenly for Europe, paying. an unexpected stop in Bulgaria.
Observers in Harare have been much perplexed at this behaviour,
one source attributing it to a possible financial approach to
the Eastern bloc using Bulgaria as intermediary. The recent
warming relations between the Soviet Union and Zimbabwe's
government, exhibited in remarkably improved press coverage
for the Soviet Union in the state controlled press, fuelled much
speculation. In practice it was as much to do with Mugabe’s
“non-alignment act” in advance of the Bush visit as ZANU’s
attempts to outflank ZAPU. Still, it is not known for sure if
Zimbabwe was indeed fishing ‘in eastern waters. Chidzero’s
appearance as the sole minister present for the 65th anniversary
of. the-October revolution at the Soviet embassy in Harare
may only have been another part of the cat-and-mouse game
being played to persuade the IMF that Zimbabwe has alterna-
tives. oe ~
Whatever ZANU’s real intentions, the balance of pay-
ments and growth prospects slumped significantly during
the dithering eight month period of negotiation up until
October. Knowledgeable institutions are putting 1982’s
current account deficit at upwards of ZD 500m. Worse is
foreseen in 1983. Consequently, the loan request to the
IMF had to mount. A figure of about ZD 300m now
appears to be under discussion. The IMF’s hand on
devaluation has accordingly been strengthened since it
knows that Zimbabwe has no other recourse to funds of
that size.

The IMF is not only after devaluation. High on its
list, and a source of much disagreement, is closure of the
yawning fiscal deficit, now ZD 589m or 10.7% of 1982’s
GDP. Last year the IMF was asking for a deficit
maximum fixed at 8.2% of GDP, a position the govern-
ment refused to accept. Applied now, this would imply
cuts of at least ZD 150m in the 1982-83 budget. As
matters stand, the deficit share of GDP will prove even
more difficult to reduce since output growth has fallen
and government expenditures are still on the up. Un-
doubtedly, the IMF perceives the government as the
chief culprit of excess demand. The nub of the latter’s
case has been that there were “unavoidable obligations”
in health, education and subsidies. These are now
precisely the points on which a switch in policy is being
required. But that’s not all.

The IMF has asked for at least six policy changes:

1. A re-examination of the 1982-83 estimates — to reduce

106



Therefore, everything leads one to imagine that up against Abdou Diouf we are
going to have Master Abdoulaye Wade of the Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS),
President Senghor's unsuccessful opponent in the presidential and legislative
elections of 1978. Wade is even supposed to be going to start an election
newspaper which would come out four times a week and last about six months.

But Master Wade's party is so eroded that one wonders if it will be in any
position to make the. PS [Socialist Party] pay very dearly for what the latter
wants. The successive resignations of activists--the rallying of PDS deputies
to the party in power--the business of Abdoulaye Wade's men trained in Libya,
which ended in September at the close of a trial followed closely by the public
both nationally and internationally, the outcome of which was acquittal for
the persons charged with the exception of the main character, ex-Lt Amadou
Fall--all of this has seriously weakened the PDS. Formerly number one in the
opposition, the PDS nowadays seems to have lost its standing among the Senegalese
masses. And, starting with the 1981-1982 parliamentary term, since the number
of PDS deputies had gone from 18 to 9 it was no longer able to form a parlia-
mentary group in the Assembly according to current Assembly rules.

Which man’ for-president is it to be then for the opposition? Cheikh Anta Diop
of the RND (Democratic National Rally)? Or Mamadou Dia of the MDP (People's
Democratic Movement), who was Senegal's prime minister from 1960 up until
December 1962? Prognostications are fast and furious because of the silence
still being maintained by those parties--silence that seems so meaningful to
some people that they feel that Cheikh Anta Diop will refrain from crossing
swords with President Abdou Diouf. However, people are waiting for the nomin-
ating conventions to be held by the different parties to enlighten them. For
the moment only the LD-MPT has held its convention and chosen its 230 candidates
and substitutes for the upcoming legislative elections.

Dia a Candidate?

At the press conference that the LD-MPT gave on 6 November, we had confirmation
of what had been rumored for some time. That is to say that because the opposi-
tion parties aren't going to form one or two blocs for the legislative elec-
tions—besides, the election law passed in May prohibits them from doing so--
they are going to be looking for one or several particular candidates for
president. So bargaining is underway among the party headquarters. Thus,

Mr Babacar Sane, secretary general of the LD-MPT, has revealed that his group
has contacted the MDP, the African Independence Party [PAI], and the RND in
this regard. All of this is being done in the framework of COSU (Coordination.
of the United Senegalese Opposition).

COSU brings together a certain number of opposition parties. It forms a basis
for dialogue among those parties. For example, at the time Senegalese troops

65



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

UNION DELEGATION IN GDR--Berlin—-A delegation from the National Union of
Angolan Workers (UNTA), headed by its Secretary-General Pascoal Luvualu

from the MPLA-Labor Party Political Bureau, has been in the GDR for a few
days learning about the labor experience of the Socialist Unity Party of
Germany (SED) in implementing fits policy in the field of agriculture, accord-
ing to TASS. The Angolanunion members have already visited farm production
cooperatives in the south of the GDR, where they learned about the advanced
work methods and conditions of the farmers. The head of the Angolan delega-
tion stressed the great importance of the GDR's experience for the People's
Republic of Angola at the time, and stated how much they appreciated the
assistance provided by that country, particularly in combating the aggres-
sion of racist South Africa. /Text/ /Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
23 Nov 82 p 27 9805

SOVIET AUTO REPAIR COOPERATION-——Huambo—A garage for repairing light Lada-
make vehicles was inaugurated Friday in the city of Huambo, at a ceremony
attended by Huambo’s Provincial Commissioner Joao Ernesto dos Santos
(Liberdade), among others. The garage, which is equipped with various sec—
tions and departments for repairing engines, tires, technical work, general
maintenance and car washes, used to be a taxi building and was converted in
6 months by Soviet and Angolan technicians. This garage, the second of its
kind to be opened this year in Huambo Province (the first was for Volvo
cars), is equipped to handle not only Lada cars but also other light-weight
vehicles. The available supply of spare parts is satisfactory, according
to the provincial director of ABAMAT. As for technical personnel, this
garage, which will come under the local agency of the Ministry of Transpor-
tation, will have only one Soviet technician initially, but a technical and
professional training course is scheduled with the assistance of the Soviet
enterprise AVIOEKSPORT. ffext/ [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese

20 Nov 82 p 1i/ 9805

JUSTICE OFFICIAL BACK FROM CUBA--The delegation of the Office of the Attorney
General of the Republic, headed by its chief, Antero de Abreu, has just return-
ed to Luanda from the Republic of Cuba; the delegation had gone to that friend-
ly country for a working and study visit in response to an invitation from the
Attorney General of the Republic of Cuba Guevara Quintana. The delegation
headed by Antero de Abreu was received by Osvaldo Dorticos, Minister of Justice
of Cuba, and by Jose Amaro Salup, chief justice of the supreme court, among
other personalities in the government of Cuba. [Excerpt] [Luanda JORNAL DE
ANGOLA in Portuguese 30 Nov 82 p 2] 5058

- 20



cso:

Comprehensive studies
" were also under way to
rodyce synthetic fuels

_ from'coal and to estab-
lish a _coal-based chemi-
cal industry. “As the oil
reserves Gwindle, coal-
derived fuels and chemi-
ca] products will move
in to fill the gap.”

The proposed  develop-
ments to reduce the ce-
pendence on imported
fuels were necessary
because transport fuels
were demanding an in-
ordinate share of the
country’s foreign ex-
change. .

“phe possibilities of’ in-
creasing the ethanol to
petrol ratio are also

\ being studied and’ con-

® sideration is being
given to the establish-
fnent of more sugar
plantations for ethanol
production to meet the
increased fuel demands.”

Studies on the possibilities
‘of using corm, cassava
and sorghum, for etha-
tol production were

| under way.” .

However, the conflict be-
tween land use for fuel
production and food is
Btill under debate and
should be resolved soon
for the benefit of many

eople.
Zimbabwe depended .on

3400/488

the abundant reserves of

coal] aS an energy source

for generating power,

heating and transport.

Other applications of

r geal should also be stu-
x

“with an _ estimated
30.000 million tonnes of
coal, mostly in the north
west Zambezi . valley

; and the south-east Sabi-

. Limpopo valley, ~ thé

need to introduce more
diverse applications of'
this mineral and energy:
source still presents a;
~ great challenge to the:
| _. Government.” -

‘The documents recom-
mended that the use of
synthetic oil, synthetic

gas, ammonia, plastics,
resins and methanol —
all possible products
from coal for export —
should be encouraged.

Zimbabwe imported large
quantities of ammonia
for the fertiliser indus-
try and “because it is
also used in the manu-
facture of, explosives it
could be very attrac-
tive if it is adequately
developed in this coun-

Coal would play an im-
portant role in power
generation because
hydro-electric power
sites were limited.



GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

BORDER FRICTION WITH GUINEA--The government of Guinea in Conakry is putting
pressure on Guinea-Bissau to drop its demands regarding the maritime border
between the two countries, ANOP [PORTUGUESE NEW AGENCY] was able to learn from
diplomatic sources. Sekou Toure asked Nino Vieira to refrain from exercising
sovereignty over the zone under dispute which is rich in petroleum, the same
sources added. The president of the republic of Guinea-Conakry also communi-
cated to Guinea-Bissau that he "would order to opening of wells" that he "would
demand the tearing down of barriers" in that area and announced that an explor-
ation contract has already been signed with an American company. At the same
time, Sekou Toure "reportedly called Nino Vieira's attention to the need for
Guinea-Bissau to correct its positions which it assumed in defense of the right
of self-determination of the Western Sahara," the same sources reported. Acéord-
ing to Toure, in a letter sent to Nino Vieira, the question of Western Sahara
"has been created totally by Algeria." The five African Portuguese-speaking
countries have developed a common strategy of support for the specific ex-
pression of the right of self-determination of the Western Sahara on the
international level. According to the same sources, Guinea-Bissau is inclined
not to accept "the de facto policy carried out by Guinea-Conakry." [Text]
[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 7 Dec 82 p 5] 5058

CSO: 3442/81

25



UGANDA

REPORT ALLEGES MUSEVENI, OTHERS RUN KANGAROO COURTS
Kampala UGANDA TIMES In English 26 Nov 82 pp 4-5

[Article reprinted from the periodical MKOMBOZI published in Kampala in
English]

[Text] SOMEWHERE in a forest in Buganda, life is being brutally stopped.
Warm blood flows through the murderers’ hands into thickets which have been
turned into living houses and Kangaroo courts.

The forest which has barely any free living person is quiet and frightening
like darkness on a rainy thundering night. Apart from the whizzing bullets
and the subsequent groads, the clanking of metal and occasional giggling of
the executioners, there is no amusement at all.

Here is a slaughter house which has been established by people who have
cheated the world about their political support in Uganda. Yoweri Museveni
born perhaps in Mbarara barely 36 years ago, is the strong hand behind all the
brutalities carried out in the forest.

Museveni is the chairman of a terrorist group known as the Uganda National
Resistance Movement which has sworn to kill and maim Ugandans so that he gets
the title of president. Assisting him in orchestrating terror and death is
one time prisons staff and now a bearded life sucker Lutakome Kayira who
thanks to the UNLA umbrella, made him what he is today.

The lucky people who have escaped this gang of murderes do not wish to open
their eyes--just in case one is put before Yoweri Museveni and Kayira, again.

To obtain food for instance in this forest, one has to kill. And this top
gang comprising of failures in political and social life live with fat cheeks
on the sweat and blood of people of Uganda, but of Buganda in particular. To
get a woman for these men one has to kidnap, rape or kill. In addition, to
get support that required to hide in the bush one has to strangle, wield a
death sword, or a hoe (the tool for "quacking' or is it "whacking" or giving a
passport).

The world today must be informed of those murderers. They have killed people
of Buganda--their supporters alike, and they have cowardly caused death to

94



COMMENTARY ON DAY OF THE VOW OBSERVANCE

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 17 Dec 82 p 6

{Editorial]

[Text] EDECEMBER 16, previously known

; as Dingaan’s Day and now called the
: Day of the Vow,’ is a day so im-
; bued with political nuance and emo-
itienal response, that some “people ,
{rue its observance.

t When it was called Dingaan’s
Day, it had even more emotive
meanings and people acted, accord-

i ‘to-their particular perception of

at its. remembrance meant . to

“them. That it is now called the Day
of the Vow does not seem to

“have solved this ticklish problem.

3 For whether we like it or ‘not, the
memory of what happened on this

i day, almost a century

(ago, results in the re-inforcement of

imost nhappy events in a country

(that: certainly does not need this

‘kind of thing.

‘Blacks in the past used to view the
‘day with bemused concern for there
;were elements that became so. taken
Fup by its significance t that they either
Ebecame overtly passionate or went
even further by becoming aggressive

to a stray, member of, the. opposite

Lace.

: If that kind of thing has ‘happily

‘stopped these days, there are still

‘too many opportunities simply lying

yidly around that can be exploited to

show negative race attitudes. .
Days’ and’ occasions which’ aré

{ven historic. or . political. signifi-

‘cance ‘are not peculiar to South Af-

87

rica and we certainly can under-
; Stand their observance. It is in part
(a cultural and traditional link with
\the past that makes the present per-
[aps more’ meaningful, «a touch
‘broader in perspective.

f This, in South Africa, is-dlmost
impossible. ’Too many of the days we
; Yemember are imbued with political
eanings ‘that increase hatred and
| perhay perhaps even widen: the chasm -be-
+ tween:-the ‘races. It :is. perhaps: un-

ptry’s dytramics, but: most: unfortu-
, Mate.
;> Our: particular view i is that feel-
‘ings’ of hatred and disaffection are
very easily. aroused: and. thus most
(superficial, ‘There is something taw-
ary in picking at old sores, The re-
{sponsible View: would be perhaps. fo °
<infuse. emotions that would lessen
‘polarissition: ‘We need to:try:and.do..
jethat.. because: taking: all things :into
f considération it sometimes ‘does’
seem Ahis te: mast. unfortunate

E ‘White South Africans make ‘ an
awtul:lot-of <emotional ‘noise about:
‘this day. There are meetings all over
place-and. many people,. instead
Lof taking a much more sensible, per-



ANGOLA

WAREHOUSE FIRE, PORT ACCIDENT REPORTED
Limited Damage Caused
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 25 Nov 82 p 3

[Text] Namibe--A fire of considerable proportions broke out on Monday in one
of the warehouses of the Provincial. Delegation of. the Domestic Trade Ministry
where large quantities of vegetable oil had been stored.

Initial reports obtained on the spot by ANGOP [ANGOLAN PRESS AGENCY] from
police officers and officials from the Domestic Trade Ministry indicated that
the warehouses involved had been the target of theft; it was assumed that the
fire may have been set to cover up the crime.

The fire grew rapidly and was put out early on the morning of the same day
(Monday) by firefighters from the city of Namibe, while investigations are
being continued to discover the presumed criminals.

Concerning the damage caused by the fire, the amount is only relative but has
not yet been disclosed by warehouse officials since almost all of the oil
can be used for consumption.

In the meantime, another smaller fire was reported on the same day about 12
hours later in the commercial port of Namibe.

This new accident, according to the company's manager, happened when a group of
workers, using a blowtorch, proceeded to cut an 22-ton crane which had fallen
down recently, leading to the partial destruction of four containers holding
prefabricated items belonging to the "Roremina" Enterprise.

Cause of Fire Reported
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 30 Nov. 82 p 2

[Text] Namibe--The fire which broke out on 22 November in a warehouse belonging
to the Ministry of Domestic Trade in this city, storing about 2,300,500 liters
of vegetable oil, was caused by a short-circuit due to a failure caused in-
side the electrical power grid of this warehouse, according to the delegation
of the Ministry of Interior’ at the end of the investigations.



cso:

in addition to training personnel
technical assistance should be pro-
rovided to enable the Council to
improve the accounting system it
self, He thought it was futile to
burry steff in an exercise of writ-
ing out books for the last eight
years in a bid to bring the accounts
up-to-date.

The delegation agreed that such
exercise Would be “abortive” and
suggested that the best that could
be done was to draw up a statement
of the present position of the Coun-
cil’s assets and liabilities and then
set up the necessary priorities in
the light of what is happening. The
next SteP would be to ensure that
after that the accounts are audited
within six months, and if neces-
sary this should be made a legal
requirement,

Stressing that bringing accounts
up-to-date from eight years behind
was impracticable, the delegation
disclosed that they had discovered
that some of the departments’
visited accounting documents
3 vouchers had beer lost. “Not
even the best accountant can pro.
duce a statement of accounts with-
out Such basic documents,” they
Said. In any cese it would be an

3400/480

93

accademic exercise merely for the
satisfaction of auditors.

Asked to coment on the perfor-
mance Of the audit system, the de-
legation expressed the view that tit.
tle attenion was being paid to the
auditors’ role of ensuring that what
‘was purchased was “value for mo-
ney.” They stressed that it was
not enough for an auditor merely
to check on, correctness of pay-
ments.

The delegation also pointed out
that they had discovered that in the
Council’y: expenditure more was
spent on staff than on services.

They suggested that there should
be close consultations between the
Council and the Ministry at the
time the Council’s budget is drawn
up since the Council] has to depend
on the Government grants to run
its services,

The delegation delivered ‘to .the
Mayor a ‘message and. presents
from the Mayor of Glasgow. The
presents were @ tartan tie of the
Glasgow City, a pen set; and bell |
that the Mayor can use for “calling
for order” during Council mestings.
In return, the Mayor gave them an
emblem of the City of Kampala to
deliver to the Mayor of Glasgow. __



UGANDA

INDUSTRIES REPORTED PICKING UP
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 26 Nov 82 p 5

[Text] The "Financial Times," an economic and business newspaper based in
London has singled out Nyanza Textiles Industry Nytil Jinja as a model of
efficiency and enterprise in Uganda's industrial rehabilitation.

The paper pointed out that the General Manager of this state owned factory, Mr
Francis Otile "runs a tight ship and it is not surprising that the factory is
an almost obligatory stop for visitors to the country's largest industrial
town."

The paper further said Nytil was a model of efficiency and enterprise because
instead of importing the vital shuttles at 70 pounds a time, carpenters make
their own using Ugandan iron wood and parts cast in the foundry which also
makes some of the spares required by the factory.

"Besides as our party toured the plant," the journalists who visited the
country two months ago added, "the brown uniformed security corps who had
presented themselve for inspection on arrival fanned out and trotted ahead of
us, at doorways and along side the rattling looms on the weel swept factory
floor offering snappy salutes which would have impressed the commonwealth
military training team.

The paper quoted Mr Otile as being optimistic about the future since he is
confident to offset competition from imports under the new foreign exchange
regulations b in troducing new lines o production such as the million dollar
corduroy project which is expected to come on stream in the second half of
next year.

The paper further noted the discreet manner in which the 3 million dollar In-
ternational Development Agency (IDA) and one million dollar East African De-
velopment Bank loans has been effectively utilised to instal a new picanol
machines and purchase of raw materials and spares. It has had a dramatic
effect on output, the paper emphasised.

The paper quoted Otile as however complaining of the generally high cost of
production.

98



The Face of Hwange is Undergoing a Transformation

cso:

3400/486

HIWANGE has changed a
great deal since work be-
gan on the .open-cast
mine expansion started in
early 1980. y

The dragline may be
the heart of the whole
scheme, but there is much
else besides happening at
Zimbabwe's only: major
developed coal mine.

The expansion project
is largely fo ' feed ‘the
sboilers of the new ther-
mal power ‘station for. the
Electricity Supply Com-
mission, the first stage of
which is due tobe com-
‘pleted by the end of
1988,

In order to supply the
power station's needs, 2
whole. new infrastructure
hhas had to be developed,
ew plant and equipment
to feed to voracious
boilers.

Huge 91-tonne bottom
dump coal haulers will
carry load, from the new
open-cast pit on to what is
called a primary tipple,
rising 28m from’ the bot-
tom of a mined-out. pit.
‘There their loads are drop-
ped into two separate 450-
tonne capacity bins — one
power station supplies, and
the other to feed the cok-
ing coal plang at the mine.

From the bins the coal is

114

fed into primary breakers
and then on to a twin
conveyor belt _ system
which carries it via drive
and transfer houses to a
complex of bunkers,

Before. reaching the
bunkers, which resemble
beached ships, the power
.Station coal is further re-
duced in size in a secon-
dary crusher,

‘The two pairs of wedge-
shaped ‘bunkers tower
20 m above the landscape.

The Wankie bunkers,
due to be completed in
April 1988, will each hold
10000 tonnes. Those for
the power station supplies
will store 15000 tonnes
each and will be ready
next September.

From the bunker com-
plex a 3,1km- conveyor
will transport coking coal
to the existing ° process-
ving’ plant while a $km
long’ belt will carry coal

to Hwange Power Sta-
tion stockpiles, first pass-
ing through a weighing
machine installed to
gauge deliveries, .

Other essential back-up
| work has already been
completed. New — offices
have been opened, as have
first-aid and : changing
rooms, together with a
stores’ building and 215
‘houses for staff.



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

AID FOR RIOT VICTIMS--VICTIMS of the recent Bulunkutu religious disturbances
in Maiduguri, Borno State, are receiving relief aids from philanthropic bodies
and individuals in the metropolis. The latest donor is the Rotary Club, which
gave 20 bags of rice, a cow, cartons of milk, sugar, baby food, beverages and
bundles of blankets. Others included the Saint John's Anglican Church and the
Students Union of the Borno State College of Basic Studies (BOCOBS), which
gave N500 and ¥100 respectively. Presenting the gifts on behalf of the Rotary
Club, its president, Mr. V. Sagna, said his organisation was “non-religious
and non-political". Already, he added, the club had sent a message of condol-
ence to the Borno State Government and the Shehu of Borno, on "the unfortunate
incident." The chairman of the Task Force Relief Committee, Alhaji Adamu
Daya, who received the gifts on behalf of the victims, promised to distribute
them "judiciously and equitably". Alhaji Adamu thanked all the donors, urging
other organisations to do the same. In another development, legislators in
the Borno State House of Assembly have passed a motion asking Governor Moham-
med Goni to urge the Federal Government to ensure strict and steadfast en-
forcement of Nigeria's immigration laws. They argued: “our immigration laws
should be tightened, since most of the fanatics who cause trouble are aliens
from neighbouring countries like Niger, Cameroun and Chad". [Text] [Lagos
DAILY TIMES in English 18 Nov 82 p 40]

POLICE EQUIPMENT--The chairman of the House of Representatives Committee on
Police Affairs, Mr. Simeon Ihekweazu, has said that the use of batons and
shields as weapons by policemen was obsolete. Mr. Ihekweazu said the police
would fail in their bid to check crimes unless the Federal Government provi-
ded them with modern equipment. The chairman, who led a nine-man delegation
to the recent international conference of police chiefs in Atlanta, United
States, said that his experience abroad showed that Nigeria was yet to invest
adequately in materials for crime prevention. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in
English No 3409, 6 Dec 82 p 3182]

OIL STATISTICS--The Nigerian National Petroelum Corporation (NNPC) has said
that 34,714,581 barrels of crude oil was produced in September this year while
27,224,831 barrels were exported. The NNPC said the figures represented an
average production rate of 1.16m. barrels per day while export was 0.91m.
barrels per day. It said when compared with the performance in August, a mar-
ginal improvement in production and export about 14.9 per cent and 1.1 per
cent respectivley was recorded. The NNPC said the production level

61



So the opposition will be going to the several appointed rendez-vous of 1983.
In scattered array, perhaps. And without being under any illusions as to the
outcome of those elections. Especially since it feels that election law
favors the party in power in particular. For example, there is the law concern-
ing security deposits passed in May which sets the sum to be paid by each
candidate for deputy at Fr CFA 50,000 ("a form of discrimination by money,"
says the Left). That surety will be returned to the ones who win a tally

of five percent of the votes. The election of deputies will be accomplished
in two ways: according to proportional representation for half of the 120
seats (there are 100 inthe turrent*Tegislature.and- there-were 80 ~in the »
previous ‘one):-out of candidates on each party's national list, and there will
be single-member majority voting in the 60 electoral districts for the other
half. The PS's opponents are also expressing their discontent on that subject.

9631
CSO: 3419/374

67



ANGOLA

SPAIN OFFERS COOPERATION IN HEALTH FIELD
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 19 Nov 82 p 1

([Text7 The King of Spain is going to set up a small ophthalmology center
in Luanda, to assist the one already operating in the Angolan capital,
according to sources in the Ministry of Health.

The center offered by the Spanish Government is part of an agreement signed
between the health authorities of the two countries, and also provides for
the training of Angolan personnel in Spain and the supply of equipment, medi-
cine and other material.

This assistance will cover a period of 2 years beginning next December. Three
Angolan technicians will be leaving soon for Spain where they will receive
training for 6 to 8 months. They will be followed by two doctors who will
specialize in ophthalmology in Spain.

According to the same source, the assistance now begun does not include the
project to build the Ophthalmology Hospital in Luanda, which dates back to
1980 and may be completed by 1985. It appears, however, that the hospital
will also receive Spanish assistance.

That same source added that the opening of the small center, scheduled for
October 1983, will help curb the flow of ophthalmology patients abroad,
which is extremely costly for the government.

"One of the main headaches of the Ministry of Health is having to send
ophthalmology patients abroad,".the source said in conélusion.

9805
CSO: 3442/64

12



other Ugandans. What the world should know is that this gang of killers has
no support in Uganda. They use the gun to destroy life that does not support
them. Millions of Ugandans rejected them politely at the time of the general
elections.

The world at large is at times locked up in the trap of these killers. For
example, they would kill people in the forest, take the bodies into some near-
by waters and flash the news to the global news agencies and the Amnesty In-
ternational about the atrocities of UNLA and the leaders of Uganda.

Then at the same time because of their greed for money, they would like to
please their supporters by claiming victory over the government soldiers.
They would tell their financiers that they have inflicted heavy casualties on
the UNLA and the bodies of their soldiers, were dumped in the forest in large
numbers.

Time and again since the UPC was overwhelmingly re-elected to rule this
country nearly 22 months ago, strenuous efforts have been made to explain some
of the root causes of the problems Ugandans are now living with.

Many a time, the leadership has told the citizens of this country and the
world at large, that the total breakdown of services was a result of the eight
years of misrule. This breakdown was even aggravated by the six months
liberation war.

Nevertheless one can take pride at the achievements of the UPC government
to-date.

Uganda's once booming economy was in an abject state at the time UPC came to
power. The people had been deprived of the basic social requirements. To
that extent, many peace loving people had understood and accepted the problems
when they voted UPC to power. They knew it was the only party with a thinking
and compassionate leadership.

When the country was preparing for the general elections in 1980, what was
expected was that all the contestants for leadership would place all their
cards on the table for the biggest bout in our political history.

Afterall elections are a test of popularity and support for individuals, par-
ties and policies. But some contestants like those now in the forest, chose
to remain thugs. They never believed in elections let alone their confidence
to contest.

To-date, what has not been understood by a few people inside Uganda and many
outside is the cause of insecurity. Who are the trouble causers and who are
the killers of many innocent citizens. You only have to read or listen to
their pride when they claim to use the land mine to mutilate innocent citizens
travelling in ambulances and buses to know Who the true killers are!

Wearing their usual blinkers the opposition Democratic Party has for instance
found fun in attributing insecurity to the members of the Uganda National

95



A new impetus has also been given to the full participation of the grass-
roots organizations in the vardous work places in performing and con-
trolling planned productive tasks.

Some problems, however, remain, .such as the deficient operations of some
municipal and provincial committees and of many grass-roots organizations.
This situation has influenced the degree of discipline and ideological unity
with the party and has affected the work performance of the people.

It is in this context that the First National Conference of the MPLA-Labor
Party will be held in September 1983.

The conference, which is convened under the motto "The most important thing
is to solve the people's problems," will analyze developments in the

social and economic situation and progress toward fulfilling the economic
guddelines approved by the First Extraordinary Congress and will introduce
any modifications deemed advisable. In the same way, it will take up ques-
tions related to strengthening the leading role and prestige of the party
and increasing its size and its ties with the people, as well as the politi-
cal and ideological education of its members and the people, improving
ideological unity within the organization, strengthening and consolidating
national unity, relations of the MPLA-Labor Party with the party youth and
with people’s and social organizations, and the relationship between the
party and the state, especially in matters related to the party's control
over the state apparatus and party work within the defense and security
organizations.

To handle the preparations for the First National Conference of the MPLA-
Labor Party, the Political Bureau, following its legal principles, decided to
convene the Secretariat of the Central Committee as the Preparatory Committee
for the National Conference.

The Preparatory Committee will propose to the Political Bureau the criteria
for attendance, the schedule of the preparatory activities, and the organiza-
tion of the Preparatory Committee for the National Conference, so that it
can effectively begin all the work to prepare for our party's national
conference.

The Political Bureau of the MPLA-Labor Party thus urges party members, the
party youth, members of the glorious defense and security forces, and farm and
city workers to join actively in the preparations for this important event.

Party members should participate conscientiously and actively in extensive
discussions of the main problems affecting our nation so as to find the ways,
methods and mechanisms to strengthen the leading role of the party, impose
discipline and authority and overcome the major difficulties facing the
country.

The Struggle Continues;
Victory Is Certain.

9805
CSO: 3442/64
17



PUBLIC OFFICERS SAID REFUSING TO DECLARE ASSETS

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 5 Dec 82 p 12

[Article by Basil Okoh]

[Text] A

cso:

PUBLIC office holders in the country may leave

| office next year without having to declare their

iassets as required by the fifth schedule of the
“eonstitution of the Federal Republic of Nigerla

+ (1979).

This is because no public officer has up to this time

‘returned the assets declaring form sent out to all
| public office holders by the Conduct Bureau.

© Investigations revealed

Ythat no deadline was given

Hfor the return of the forms ‘

cand because of this, many
{legislators may leave office
next year without a legal
sanction compelling them
ito declare their - assets.
Also, the forms sent out in
£ October, this yéar, do not
fmake provisions for officers
‘to be held liable for any
‘false declarations made.
© Observers believe that
ithe form does not haye.any
Hegal backing as the Code
tof Conduct Bill has not,
} been: passed into law.
Public ‘officers affected
‘include the President and
t.Mice-President, governors
:and their deputies, mem-
! bers of the’ National’ and
# State Assemblies, top civil
{ servants, defence staff and

3400/474

F high court judges.

Because of the delay in
returning the forms, the
Code of Conduct Bureau
may not be able to
the forms before the life of
the present administration

‘expires in September 1983.

‘There will also be no legal
sanction to compel public
office holders to declare
their assets as the National

Assembly has not been able
; to pass the Code of Con-
duct Bill into law.

The bill was presented to
the National Assembly by
the President in February
1981. Since then, there
have been reactions by the
public and the members of
the Code of Conduct
Bureau against the foot-
dragging. by the National
Assembly in passing the bill
into law.

46

Investigation conducted
revealed that the bill which
has been left in the cooler
since last session, -has not
been listed for debate this
Session. _
. Copies of the bill which

Should be ready for its final,
reading, has not been made

available to House mem-

'. bers.

The bill when passed into
law, will forbid all public

‘ office holders from engag-

ing in any private business.
The bill will also. require
gifts. and cash donations
made to public officers to
“be returned to the National
or state Assemblies as the
case may be. It will be illegal
in the new bill for ‘public.
Officers to keep or operate
foreign bank accounts.

NIGERIA



from both organisations stated: "Both executive committees are fully aware of
the complexity of the situation and of the many difficulties inherent in it.
Not the least of the problems involved is the fact that the employers appear
to have adopted a policy which will make effective bargaining a reality. A
unified union caucus is an essential part of such bargaining structures. It
would be a pity if the trade unions cannot achieve the degree of co-operation
which is required to ensure the new deal in labour relations in the mining
industry for which we have all been striving for many years. We note the
NUM's decision not to join the confederation is based at least partly on the
failure of the Federated Union to gain admission to the confederation. We do
not at this stage see this failure, based on a very narrow margin in the vote,
as the last word in the matter." Mr Van der Watt said the instructions of his
two unions were that he must discuss the situation wtih all parties involved,
including NUM and other new unions, and find those points of agreement on
which they could build an effective union caucus in the industry. The two
unions said: "The decision by the Chamber of Mines to abandon registration as
a criterion for recognition is an interesting one and is within the concept of
freedom of association. It will no doubt smooth the way for new trade unions,
including NUM, into the collective bargaining machinery being created in the
mining industry. [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Dec 82 p 2]

SISULUS REUNITED--MR and Mrs Walter Sisulu were able to kiss and hold hands
for the first time in 18 years when they met at the Woodstock Hospital in Cape
Town where he is recovering from an operation. Mr Sisulu, the former general
secretary of the banned African National Congress, who is serving a life term
was admitted to the hospital last week, on Wednesday, for the oepration. His
wife saw him immediately after the operation and his condition is reported to
be well. Although Mr Sisulu is still receiving blood transfusion, he is
expected to be out of hospital in a week's time. Other members of his family
will be able to visit the 70-year-old leader before the end of the year.
[Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 14 Dec 82 p 3]

LEBOWA POLL--LEBOWA is scheduled to hold a general election on March 16 next
year in terms of a proclamation in the Government Gazette yesterday. The
proclamation dissolves the Lebowa Legislative Assembly on that day and deter-
mines that the designation of Assembly members by chiefs in terms of the
Lebowa constitution should take place before January 10. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE CITIZEN in English 18 Dec 82 p 9]

cso: 3400/483

91



cso:

3400/490

But the problem. is far from being
resolved, especially as the recession shows
no signs of ending. The students gravitate
automatically.towards the security of pub-
lic administration, rather than more “pro-
ductive” employment. But the government
intends to freeze the recruitment of civil
servants at the present level of 72,000,
apart from taking on an additional 3,500
school leavers.

The coming months will test the govern-
ment’s determination to carry out a thor-
ough clean-up.

29



ANGOLA

POLITICAL BUREAU COMMUNIQUE ON MPLA CONFERENCE
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 24 Nov 82 p 3

ffext] The First Extraordinary Congress of the MPLA-Labor Party was an event
of great importance in the context of the battle wagdd by the Angolan people
against underdevelopment and economic dependence and for socialism in Angola.

The congress made an in-depth analysis of the political and organizational
status of the party and the comtry's economic, social and financial situa-
tion and set guidelines and goals for the various areas of national activity.

In view of the need to control systematically the guidelines established, the
First Extraordinary Congress requested the Central Committee to convene the
First National Party Conference to review compliance with the guidelines and
introduce modifications to the decisions made at the time.

From reports made up to now, it is apparent that some objectives were
achieved, but that there are still many gaps and shortcomings that must be
corrected before we can solve our people’s most pressing problems.

The primary handicap to our economic and socialidevelopment continues to be
the war imposed on us by international imperialism, with the United States
of America at the head.

As predicted at the First Extraordinary Congress, the South African racists
and Angolan puppets, carrying out the strategy and tactics determined by inter-
national reaction, intensified their criminal activities against our country.

The bellicose activities of the enemy continue to be reflected in the movement
of mercenary bands and puppets from Namibia into our country which massacre
entire villages and destroy our economic goals by systematic air and land
attacks, accompanied by bombings of our territory by South African racist
troops. Examples are the major August 1981 invasion that resulted in the
occupation of a large part of Cunene Province and the actions of groups of
South African commandos to sabotage targets of great economic value, such as
the Luanda refinery, the Lobito oil deposits and the Cunene and Giraul bridges,
among others.

13



NIGERIA

MONEY PROBLEMS NOTED WITH BAKOLORI DAM
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 Nov 82 p 20
[Article by Ibrahim Salihu]

[Text] THE Federal Government is now owing Messrs Impresit Bakolori Nigeria
Limited main contractors of teh Bakolori Dam--60 million Naria.

Speaking to the New Nigerian last Thursday, the General Manager of the Sokoto
River Basin Development Authority, Alhaji Muhammad Arzika said however, that
efforts were being made to find the money with which to settle the debt.

He said while the Federal Government was to directly provide part of the money
he had been authorised by the Federal Government to seek bank loan for the
same purpose. "I am going to negotiate for a substantial amount of money, but
I will not tell you how much," he said.

Alhaji Muhammadu said the contractors have already written threatening to
"substantially" slow-down the pace of work unless the bills were settled.

He, however, expressed the confidence that the situation might not get there
because there was already "light at the end of the tunnel" following a series
of meetings with all those concerned.

Alhaji Muhammadu also said farmers in the operational area of the authority
would have a bumper harvest this season "which ultimately was the success of
the green revolution".

Alhaji Muhammadu disclosed that there had been an increase of 78.6 per cent

over the number of hectares cultivated last year with a corresponding 39.4 per
cent increase on the 1981 harvest.

He said although the 1982 wheat season harvest was still going on, the author-
ity was sure of harvesting 26,552 tonnes of rice, 11,550 tonnes of guinea-
corn, 3,862 tonnes of millets and 578 tonnes of cow peas.

Other yields expected include 4,840 tonnes of maize, 1,176 tonnes of ground-
nut, 3.52 tonnes of cotton and 400 tonnes of other types of crops.

" ¢80: 3400/475
57



the warring unions have merged and are looking ahead with confidence and de-
termination to improve the lot of the workers in’a more effective way which
will benefit the country." He said the new Labour Bill to be tabled in Par-
liament next year required that every worker should be a member of the union
in the industry he was employed. This, he said, was a good move that would
make the unions strong and more viable for the benefit of the workers. He
criticised those who did not want to unite saying "they are not genuine lead-
ers of the workers in Zimbabwe. If this Bill is passed by Parliament, I don't
see how two unions can operate in one industry. It will be almost impossible.
This is why we are appealing to the few remaining splinter unions to unite.
Those who do not want to unite do so at their own peril because they will
definitely be rejected by the workers who want unity in the whole labour move-
movent." Cde Soko said the labour movement in Zimbabwe had now reached a
stage where it should become involved in national development and work tire-
lessly to raise the consciousness of the workers to the task of national
goals~-regardless of colour or creed. "We have a duty as trade unionists to
educate the workers on the need for them to unite and the major role they can
play in enhancing national development and also to increasing productivity."
[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 8 Dec 82 p 9]

WANKIE'S HWANGE PROJECT--ZIMBABWE'S diversified economy could have lost out on
a major portion of the open-cast mine contract, but such is its ability that
local companies have managed to pick up at least half the total value of the
$128 million contract. More than 110 Zimbabwean companies, large and small,
are involved--25 of them in contracts worth between $500 000 and $8 million.
The two largest contracts have been awarded to ZECO (formerly RESSCO) for
steel, equipment supplies, while Roberts Construction has been mainly re-
sponsible for civil workers. Together their portion of the local market share
is at least $14 million. The project has helped to maintain business for many
companies, who otherwise, under the present economic circumstances, may have
faced many difficulties. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 10 Dec 82 p 19]

ZANU (PF) OVERHAUL--BECAUSE of the restructuring of ZANU (PF), now at the dis-
trict level in the Manicaland Province, there have been fewer rallies. Ac—
cording to the provincial assistant secretary in the chairman's office, Cde
Faneul Mutendi, MPs were so much involved in restructuring work that there was
hardly time to call rallies. The new system will have 10 to 200 people in a
cell, also comprising one village committee. Fifteen to 500 people will form
a branch and 1 500 a district. Five to 10 cells will form a branch, as will
two to five village committees. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 13 Dec
82 p 5]

CSO: 3400/486 END

126



cso:

3400/489

from prosecution for brutality, even murder; and the drought
and food shortages in Matabeleland, They presented Mugabe
with a detailed report, whose contents were not revealed.
Meanwhile the MNR is becoming an increasing threat to
Zimbabwe. During the last few weeks the MNR has twice blown
up the railway from Harare to Beira and once the oil pipeline.
Fuel supplies in Zimbabwe are increasingly short. Two weeks ago
the oil companies announced a cutback in fuel allocations (10%
for gasoline, and 10%-20% for diesel) at a time when farmers
desperately need diesel to reap wheat and maize. Fuel stocks
fluctuate down to at times a few. days supply, Approaches have

“been made ‘to the South African SASOL only to get the stock

answer: SASOL wants a long-term arrangement and a contract
signed minister to minister.

In mid-November Zimbabwe dispatched one army battalion
into Mozambique to guard the Maforga pumping station (on the
Pipeline) after maintenance workers refused to be stationed
there following the kidnapping by the MNR of seven Portuguese
there. The latter were released in Zimbabwe but refused to
return to Maforga without protection. On the night of 16
November, after the Zimbabwean battalion had installed itself,
the MNR blew up the railway two miles two the west of Maforga.

Potentially. the security crisis created by the MNR, for
practical -purposes under complete South African control, is
catastrophic: the MNK, supported ‘by -stray South African
fighter-bombers, is set for direct battle with Zimbabwean forces,
ot necessarily on only Mozambique territory®

110



cso:

for that. I also try to read
non-technical books.

“I listen to music and
do jogging — which I
consider necessary at my
age,” he said with.a twin-
ile in ‘his eyes.

"Asked whether ‘he. had
ever dreamt -of -being at
the helm of. thé country’s
defence forces, he said he

- had never predicted. that,

SUITABLE |

‘{ am, however, grate-
ful to the Prime Minister
for finding me suitable for
the position.” .

Born to a family of four
brothers and three sisters
in Chivhu, Cde ‘Chitauro
did his primary education
in Manyene communal
land. a

He then enrolled’. at
Kutama Mission” where
his appetite for mathema-
tics was aroused with as-
sistance from the Marist
Brothers who ran the
school. He was at the mis-
sion until he completed
Form two.

Cde Chitauro _left
Kutama and attended St
Augustine's in Penhalonga
where he studied for a
teaching certificate.

“My first teaching job
was at St Mark’s Mho-
ndoro, in 1954. But I left
after three years and went
back to Kutama to do my
O-levels.

“After Kutama, I went

“ tothe University College

. of Roma in Lesotho in 1959
to study for a BSc degree
in mathematics.” :

From Roma, Cde Chita-
uro came back to Zimba-
_bwe and taught at High-

3400/486

field High School for- two

* terms and got a grant to
study mathematics in the
‘United Kingdom.

He returned from the
‘UK late in 1979 and today
holds. MSc and BSc degrees
in mathematics.

Although Cde Chitauro
completed his degree in
1965, he could mot come
back to the then Rhodesia
because ‘of the political
situation at the time.

He applied for a job with
the British Defence Minis-
try and ‘for the next 14
years, he held different
positions there.

Inthe ~ Proofs and
Experiment Establishment
of the Defence Ministry in
south-east London, | he
dealt with problems in
ballistics. At this stage,
Cde Chitauro was involved
in-computers.

“I was later promoted
to a senior scientific off-
cer and I considered my-

self very lucky because I'

never saw a black person
working in the British
Ministry ‘of Defence.
“after some time I be-
came a systems manager
in the Vehicle and Engin-
eering  Bstablishment
where he analysed mathe-
matical characteristics of
Anflitary vehicles,” he said.
Before he came back to
Zimbabwe, to join the
University of Zimbabwe as
® senior lecturer in the
Department of Computing
Science in 1979, he had
attained a position of chief
programmer with -a
statistical organisation in
London,
TRANSFERRED
Cde Chitauro left UZ
in December 1980 to join

112

the then Minlstry of
Transport and Power as
deputy secretary, After
three months, he was
transferred to the Ministry
of Defence and he has held
his present. post for the
past seven months.

Commenting on why he
had been interested in”
mathematics so much, Cde
Chitauro said: “I took thé
subject as a challenge to
prove that a black person
was just as good as a
white man because at that
time tt was widely believed
thet an African was not
good it maths and could
not see things in three
dimensions.”

On politics, he satd he
was influenced by different

“people he met at Roma.

~ PESPISED

“1 was not politically
mature until I left St
Mark's and came into con-
tact with people who
despised me because I was
black,

“I must say.1 was very
lucky to go to Roma be-
cause it made me politic-
ally aware.” .

He: believed a one-party
state would - unite . the
people far better than a
multi-party system which
tended to divide. -_ ;
, “In a one-party system,
you can get different peo-
ple articulating different
opinions within the frame-
work of the objectives of
that party.” oo:

On his career, said:
“It is a very chdflenging
and responsible jot and I
hope everything will go
well.

“I hope we won't have
to come to military blows

_with any country.” —



Reportage on Devaluation of Dollar
(THE HERALD, 10 Dec 82, THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, .
10 Dec 82). .cecceceessccsecncene eee eee eeeeeacencseees 116

Controlling Costs
Too Little, Too Late

Marxism a Must, Minister Tells Writers

(THE HERALD, 13 Dec 82).....ceeeeeeeeeeeeenee see eeeens 120
Rural Health Plagued by Corruption

(THE HERALD, 9 Dec 82). ..cecececccenccscsccerecceseees 122
Response to 'HERALD' Editorial Published

(R. G. Forrest; THE HERALD, 8 Dec 82)........ceeeeceoes 123
Briefs

Muzorewa's Sons Detained 125

Teaha Membership 125

Labor Unity . 125

Wankie's Hwange Project 126

ZANU (PF) Overhaul 126



SCHOOLBOYS COMPLETE POLICE RESERVISTS’ COURSE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 18 Dec 82 p 11

[Text]

cso:

3400/483

HOOLBOYS "and
of: all races

likely to be trained
Junior Police Reserv-
lists at the Police College

Louis le Grange, would
‘be asked for his appro-
val early in the new
year. .
© A group of 72 boys;
‘aged between 16 and 18,

mpleted a week-long

murse at the college

yesterday. *

The children’ were
itrained the same way as

rmianent policemen.
(Their course ‘involved
ipractical and theoretical

rk, among it the «use
lof firearms.

The youngsters have
been working at various

lice stations since the
beginning of the year.

“So far 750 children
have already been en-
listed in the South Afri-
can Police Force,” Brig
Van Zyl said.

In addition to admin-
istrative duties in police:
charge offices, the'boys

perform - obser-

ition Hates and oye
tigate accidents,

89

Hy
b

|" Among the reservists
who. completed the
course yesterday were
twin brothers Chris and
Deon *Calitz , (17), - of
Rustenburg. —-

They were the centre
of. attention: on the,
‘eorirN6,- not oily -‘be-|

{cause of their ‘size’ —

because of their jokes
and friendliness.

Although the police
usually take men only

|, when they are at least

:1,67m_ tall, Brigadier

Frik Reynecke, who is
in command of the

“Police College, said the

Minister “could always
make an exception” if

the twins really wanted
, tobe policemen.

The twins‘ themselves,

‘say they enjoy being re-

servists, and. that being

selected for the course

_was the best thing-that
‘could have happened to

| them.

A total of 450 school-
children applied for the
course, but a shortage

ef.» accommodation
“meant that only - 72

could be selected.
Those chosen came

from throughout the

country.

SOUTH AFRICA



INFORMATION ON NEW STATE PROPOSALS OUTLINED

House of Representatives Report

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 Dec 82 pp 1, 5

[Article by Jimmy Aderinokun]

‘TIVHE names of the proposed 21
new states are now .

“The report of the House of. Re-

f presentatives on states creation and

“ boundary adjustment which was un-

[Text]

ive each from the
‘former eastern and
western regions.
The chairman of the
‘committee, Alhaji Abu-
tbakar Tuggar, who tab-
iled the motion said that
the ‘decision was taken
after Careful considera-
;tion of the historical rea-
lity in parity and balan-
icing of state between
:the north ‘and the south
,and between the former
eastern and western re-
gions. .
Highlights of the re-
ort included the accep-
{tance of Oron into’ the
New Cross River State,
because ‘“‘the request
as within the same
‘state and homogenous".
+ _In the case of Rivers
State, the report stated
“that, although -the re-
:quest for creation of
‘ort-Harcourt State
et constitutional re-
uirement, it was stron-
gly felt that, for the
“interest. of general peace
and stability, Port-Har-
court... municipality
jshould not form part of
‘the new state.
It said that the choice

34

animously adopted yesterday r'so
amed their proposed capitals.

Eleven new states were proposed
from the former Northern Region,

fof a capital for the pro-
josed state would be
sidered.

In-Anambra State, the
‘Fequest of ‘Onitsha to
‘jein “Anioma State was

rejected, but the report
‘stated that the peuple of
Onitsha local govern-
ment areas are free to re-
Fquest for boundary
‘adjustment if ‘Anioma
‘State’ is created.

"_ With regard to “Delta
State", the committee
said investigation revea-
Jed. that Ndokwa local
government area was in-
‘cluded in the demand for
EAniomaTM and “Delta
requests but the com-
“mittee removed it trom:
the request in favour of
‘Anioma’, thereby redu-
cing -the’ local govern-
ment areas to seven.
. Also. in Anambra
“State, the Aghamelum
Clan in Uzo-Uwani local
{government area and
Ugwuaba, Akpugo
towns in Oji River, were
bremoved from. the com-
ponent units of the-pro-
.posed “New Anambra
State”. .

NIGERIA



CSO:

3400/486

which was pitted against
the forces of colonialism
and reaction. (
e managing direct

ot College Breas, Bir
Luchi Balarin, told the
riterg that his company
sogaised its moral res-
onsibility to _ sotiety
day and its development
through literature. It waa
also trying to provide
‘aspiring writers * with a
platform: -

. “Writers have 8 ress
ponsibility to produce
material relevant and
secessary in . Zimbabwe

"Mr Belarin warned that
“writers of all
Kinds .of books steered
clear of political and ideo-
Jogical issues because it
was safer: ,
1, Yet in independent Zim-
pabwe, politics and ideo-
logy were both indivisible
and indispensable,

‘The Governinent’é pro»
posed tural information
centres were an exciting
evelopment which would
allow writers and pub-
Ushers to exercise 4
special commitment
towards rural people who
had béen starved of infor«
mation until now. .

“Tt Ja also @n oppore
tunity for is and writers
‘to live up to the challenge
of reaching ‘the widest
possible readership. And

121



Liberation Army. They pretend not to have heard the claims of the terrorists
to have struck a bus or ambulance on the roads of Uganda.

The government has however proceeded with its programme of reshaping the UNLA
by sending all the soldiers to the barracks for in-barracks training and stop-
ping them from manning road blocks except in strategic areas. Furthermore the
hostile press pretends not to have seen police and army uniforms used by ban-
dits to disguise themselves as legitimate security agencies when looting and
robbing so as to shift the blame elsewhere.

The foreign press--the "film screen" for the outside world, attributes inse-
curity to the unpopularity of the government. But this foreign press would
not care to find out in which areas insecurity is prevelant, who voted for
whom, and who are the people causing trouble for other peaceful Ugandans.

This magazine has now got the facts in black and white. We now invite our
readers and the world at large to read and know who are the causers of inse-
curity in Uganda and who are also the destroyers of lives here.

There has been wide coverage about resistance movements supposedly planning to
overthrow the government. Some of these movements like the Uganda Freedom
Movement (UFM) and the National REsistance Movement (NRM) claim to have their
armies situated inside the country.

What is clear about the composition of these movements is that they are made
up of people who were thoroughly defeated in the general elections of 1980.
Some of their communications now captured by the UNLA also reveals who are
behind them.

It is astonishing to learn the easy way the bandits treat human life. A per-
son murdered is said to have been "whacked" and given a "passport". Below is
an example of the killing of innocent people as recorded in the intelligence
report in the so-called office of the Panther Battalion dated 1/8/82.

Supporters of the ruling party UPC and the government are called "BIPINGAMIZI"
by the bandits and they must be given a "passport" whenever sighted.

To: D.I. Ghqs

"Sir, on Tuesday 27/7/82 UFA 146 Cpl. MITI and UFA 1843 Pte. Kiwendo came to
intelligence office and reported that Mr Erusana and Mr Kayondo of Bukondo
were BIPINGAMIZI and staunch UPC supporters.

Before the Bipingamizi were arrested, the chairman of Mpanga Mr. Ndaula was
asked if he knows anything abou the two Bipingamizi in question. Mr. Ndaula
positively stated that the two were Bipingamizi."

"Consequently, one L.O. personnel was sent out to investigate the matter: The
L.O. personnel reported back that he had got reports from the chairman of
Mpata and defence secretary of Mpata also that Mr Erusana and Mr Kayondo were
truly Bipingamizi."

96



POLICE COMMISSIONERS SCORED FOR PART IN RIOTS

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 5 Dec 82 p 12

{Article by Leke Salau]

[Text]

cso:

3400/474

[ALL state Police Com-
‘missioners were sum-
‘moned to Lagos last
‘week by the. Inspector-
:General of Police, Mr.
"Sunday Adewus! for what
an insider described as
special briefing.

;. Sunday Triumph inves-
‘tigation revealed that the
summon 6rder followed the
shoddy performance of
‘three police commissioners
‘in handling the religious
insurrection perpetrated by
a group of people in Bérno,
“Kano: and Kaduna States
which involved ‘many lives
;and property.

‘The Police Commission-
yers are Alhaji Sani Wali,
Kano; Alhaji Dahiru Jidda,
Borno; and Alhaji Hamza
\Katsina, Kaduna, The
police commissioners,

according to our source,
{were given a proper :
\'sing down by the inspector.
{general of police for their
‘ imabilty to prevent and

37

‘arrest the religious uprising
k before degenerating into
E of lives and property.
ft It has been Fecal
jithat there will be a’ mass,
transfer of police’ commis-
ysioners all over the country
‘very soon.
© Our correspondent . has
now confirmed that Bishop
{Eyitene (Anambra), _ has
ibeen. transferred. Sources

close to the office of the

:Governdr -of Anambra
‘State, have confirmed the
f transfer.
i

The sources, however,

declined-to say whether his

'. successor has taken over the
command.

. Our correspondent also
| confirmed that two senior
[police commissioners have
‘been promoted to the rank,
of Assistant Inspector-
|: General of Police. They are
EMr. Olumesi and Alhaji
| Gambo Jimeta. 1t will Be re-
_caljed that the latter has just
| completed a-course at the
CNigerian Institute of
}: Strategic Studies in Jos,

NIGERIA