BID MADE TO IMPROVE NATION'S EDUCATION STANDARDS

Measures Announced in Assembly

PRIMARY — and secondary
hool examinations and the
involvement of local authorities
in providing school materials are
among the steps the government
will take to improve the
education. standard in the
country.

The measure, which include

the reintroduction of Class Four
exams and continuation of Form
‘Two exams announced by the
Government fast year, © also
include the strengthening of
adult education.
_ Announcing the — measures
in the ‘National Assembly over.
the’ weekend, the Minister for
cation, Ndugu Jackson
ta, said apart from
assessing. students, the
examinations were also aimed at
weeding out the weak ones.

Ndugu Makweta told _ the
House that Standard Four
examinations would be set by the

National Board of
Examinations. | The __ local
ies would pay for the

ions, he said.

Ndugu Makweta said effective
this year, local authorities would
be required to provide desks to
schools.

“From now on town and
district councils have been
directed to provide their schools
with enough forms and desks for
pupils and tables for teachers in
every classroom”, he said.

Another progressive change in
the ministry is the tormation of a
division to deal with “specialised

education” for the disabled
persons.
Ndugu Makweta said

formation of the division would

make it easier for his ministry to
assess and — supervise ‘the
education for disabled persons.

He told the House that his
ministry had fulfilled the promise
made, last year to butld day
secondary schdols. So far, five
had been built.

The day secondary schools aré
Kinjekitile in Kilwa District,
Saba Saba in Mtwara District,
Ifakara in Kilombero District,
Ngoreme in Serengeti District
and = Mwangaza in Mpanda
District.

“{ would like to thank all who
contributed towards the success
of project. Such a spirit of
self-reliance should continue in:
conformity with the directive of
the Ministry of "ducation on
such schools”, he stressed.

Kibiti Secondary School is
nearing completion. The school
now takes all the students as.
planned, he said.

Four girls secondary schools
with dormitories “ and“ double
streams each were opened early
this year. These are in Kondoa,
Maswa, Mpanda and Kibondo.

The’ secondary schools were
built with | assistance from
DANIDA and | SIDA. He
thanked the two’ international
organisation for their assistance.

He said other

schools would be expanded.
They include Msalato, Same,
Korogwe, Kilakala, Tambaza,
Rugambwa. Expansion _ of
Nganza and Ilboru Secondary
schools would start this year.

Government secondat
Schools have been increase

from 85 to 95 with the annual
intake doubled from 42,892 last

56

secondary -

TANZANIA

Dar Es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 7 Jul 86 p 1

year to 43.911 this year. he said.

“rhe ministry had until last
year registered [07 private
secondary schools, —includin;
seminaries. They have a total
intake of 45,703 out of which
19,325 ored2.3 per cent are girls.

“Therefore, the number of
students in all secondary schools
in the country this year is 89,814
out of which 34,164 or 38 ‘per
cent are girls”. Ndugu Makweta
said.

On Form Two examinations
introduced last year, he said the
ministry studied the results and
solved some of the problems
concerning examinations.

Ndugu Makweta said the
results of the examinations
would enable students tochoose
subjects in which they will
specialise.

He said the ‘ministry trained
762 teachezs for ‘scondary
schools and colleges this year. A
-otal of 2,449 Grade ‘A’ and 640
Grade ‘C’ teachers were trained
for primary schools.

‘The ministry would effective
this year train more technical

teachers, ticular in
agriculture. is. would enable
¢ students to 2articipate fully:

in agriculture after’ academic
education.

The _ department of
inspectoyate would also be
strengthened to ensure that
jteachers at all levels maintained
ithe set standards of education.

The  _jiteracy education
campaign would also be
strengthened. __ Students
attendance has.risen from {4,452
to. 15,672. .."Those ,: studying



Furthermore, it will be possible to note an increase in the region's agricul-
tural and livestock activities, because the producer will benefit from the
power for the electric pump, the pump and engine, etc.

The marble or blackwood craftsman will observe his industry progress with the
electrification of his working tools, and the recreation centers will be
equipped to provide diversion for the residents until sunrise.

Strictness in Selecting Cadres

From the standpoint of the recruitment and specialization of the Mozambican
workers associated with the project, Miguel Angel expressed the opinion that,
"A water supply system ts complex, owing to the configuration in terms of
operation, maintenance, and management."

Following its completion, the enterprise will come under the responsibility of
the future Pemba Water Enterprise. It has become obvious that, to take full

advantage of the enterprise, it will have to have trained specialists in order
to meet the technical-administrative requirements resulting from the system's

operation.

To overcome the meagerness and lack of training among cadres to be assigned
to. those duties, the DNA intends to select workers who have, in their respec-
tive records, the requirements essential for their training to gradually
assimilate the material pertaining to their future tasks.

In this way, our source explained to us that the training of specialists would
include two periods: monitoring the project during its execution, and technical-
occupational training. It will be during these two phases that. an analysis
will be made of the work profile of the future operators of elevator stations,
electricians and mechanics for electrical-mechancial equipment, and specialized
personnel for the maintenance of the conduction line and for administrative

work.

Our source declared: "The staff will begin its instruction during the execution
of the project, receiving information on the structure of the system in all
its details and specifications, which cannot be dissociated from their training;

in short, a gamut of details useful to qualify them."

Miguel Angel also explained that the workshop's final facilities will be used
for the future Pemba Water Enterprise.

More Backing From the Logistical Base

To date, the FRELIMO Party and the government of Cabo Delgade Province have
expressed great concern and multifarious desires to accommodate all the requests

submitted for the project.

Miguel Angel acknowledges: "The decisive role played by the provincial directo-
rate in all the areas required by the companies participating in the project

is praiseworthy."

22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or-extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER ATTITUDE TOWARD HUMAN RIGHTS REFLECTED ON CAMPUSES
Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 9 Aug 86 p 12
(Article by Irving Steyn]

[Text]

Nearly 30 years ago | saw:d.meeting by the opposition United Party in the Stellenbosch Town
Hall broken up by students. ‘Last week, at the same university, a student was beaten up for
calling for the release of political prisoners. Professor GERHARD ERASMUS of the university's
law faculty sees this intolerance as a major problem on Afrikaans university campuses.

TUDENTS on Afrikaans unver-

sity campusus, says Professor
Erasmus, have difficulty in accept-
ing the human rights concept
cause the political background of
the Afrikaner has never provided
for anything like it.

South Africa was the only western
country which did not support the 1948
Universal Declaration of Human
rights.

“Right from the beginning we chose
a course in which we denied essential
human rights such as racial equality,
non-discriminatiion and so on. It be-
came part of our political culture and
system for which South Africa was se-
verely criticised. We were criticised
because what we were doing was con-
trary to basic human rights.”

The manner in which the whole
apartheid policy was developed can
simply not be reconciled with basic
human rights. The Afrikaner took that
particular political direction, gave his
politics that particular content, but to-
tally contrary to human rights.

But human rights, says Professor
Erasmus, is an issue which is attract-
ing increasing attention because South
Africa is in political transition. White
people are coming to realise that the
rights they claim for themselves must
be protected in a future where exclu-
sive political power no longer belongs
to them.

65

wie universities are expected to
take a guiding role in society,
they also very much reflect what is
happening in the community as a
whole.

Stellenbosch campus, like. others, is
under the same tension experienced by
the community, and a reflection of the
fact that Afrikaners increasingly are
displaying political variety.

“There are differing directions of
thought, and because we are not entir-
ly at ease in handling this phenome-
non, it has created problems. There
must to a far greater extent be toler-
ance for the opinions of others. 1 don't
want to suggest that Afrikaans cam-
puses are the only ones with problems
— it occurs throughout the country.”

On the Stellenbosch campus, for in-
stance, the implication of the practice
of human rights, like peaceful protest
and freedom of speech, are things that
have placed the university into a new
time warp, and there are birth pains.

“Last week we had a meeting in
Stellenbosch and by one vote it decid-
ed on integrated unversity residences.
There was also a motion for the re-
lease of Nelson Mandela. A bunch of
right-wing people assaulted the person
who proposed that motion. In other
words, there was a total unwillingness
and intolerance in accepting that per-
son’s opinion, while politically it is a
totally sober, relevant thing.



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RURAL PEOPLE LAUNCH NOPECO--The participation of rural people in the libera-
tion struggle has increased remarkably--despite the harsh state of emergency
provisions. The people of the Northern Transvaal met secretly recently to
launch the Northern Transvaal People's Congress (Nopeco). Nopeco isa
political organisation affiliated to the United Democratic Front (UDF). The
organisation will concentrate on rural villages and townships, including the
homelands of Venda, Lebowa, Gazankulu, KwaNdebele and KaNgwane. Three urban-
based action committees manned by mine workers have been formed to further
awaken rural people from political slumber. A UDF spokesman in that region
said despite the strict state of emergency laws, his organisation is
determined to continue mobilising the people. [Text] [Johannesburg THE
NEW NATION in English 13-27 Aug 86 p 2] /13046

"PEOPLE'S CENTER' PLANNED--NICRO Soweto is about to complete the first phase
of an ambitious R5-million multi-purpose centre between the Old Potchefstroom
and Roodepoort roads. The centre aims to encourage community involvement

in crime-prevention and promote community spirit, stability and security in
the township. When completed, it will comprise workshops, a multi-purpose
hall, a training school or adult education centre, aftercare clinic, day-care
centre, transitional housing and service centre. It will provide on-the-job
trade training and skills development for ex-offenders and other socially
handicapped people. They will serve the public at a fee and display their
work at the shops in the centre for sale to the public. Drama, public
lectures, religious services, meetings, social events, cymnastics, dancing
and art performances will also be accommodated. Adult education, a public
library and a vegetable garden are among items planned. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 13-27 Aug 86 p 6] /13046

BLACK CRISIS CENTER SWAMPED--The newly established Port Elizabeth Black
Crisis Centre (BCC) is having problems feeding the number of hungry and
unemployed people asking for help, the director and founder of the centre,
the Rev Mzwandile Maqina, said today. "Since we started two weeks ago the
number of people needing help has grown to a thousand." "He has appealed to
the public to donate food, especially sugar, clothing and blankets. These
can be left at the BCC tent pitched behind the New Law Courts--where the
circus is usually held. "I am hoping to hold a mass meeting with unemployed
people to examine ways of finding income generating self-help projects," he
said. Mr Maqina said he had in mind unemployed black builders introducing
pbuilding projects in the townships. "We do not want our people to become
beggars," he said. [Text] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 11 Aug 86
p 7] /13046

cso: 3400/486
76



Although Ghana has.an abundance of potential natural and cultural tourist
attractions, there has been hardly any effort to develop them. In November
1986, a specialty fair dubbed "Inter-Tourism" will be held in Accra.

The purpose of this tourism fair is to foster interest abroad. The Ghana
Tourist Board, which is responsible for the tourism industry in Ghana,

is also seeking investors to correct the inadequate lodging capacity.

In addition to the construction of new hotels, there is also a pressing
need for the renovation and modernization of 12 state-run hotels belonging
to the State Hotel Corporation. In March 1986, the French-based Novotel
chain assumed the task of renovating a few state-run hotels. Construction
will soon be started in Accra on the new.Accra City Hotel, which will

cost approximately 110 million French francs and is projected for comple~
tion in 20 months. The owner is the recently formed Accra City Hotel
Company, whose shareholders will include the Novotel chain, the Ghana
Tourist Development Company, various banks: and other interested parties.
The shareholders will supply 30 percent of the financing, while the French
Government will supply the remaining 70 percent.

12399/9604
cso: 3420/48

12


PRIVATE CONCERNS BUYING POLICE CASSPIR VEHICLES

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Aug 86 p 6

[Article by Dan Side]

[Text]

/13104
cso:

THE UBIQUITOUS Cassplir,
the armoured personnel car-
rier designed to specifications
laid down by the South Afri-
can Police, proved a popular
item this week after being
cleared for sale to private
concerns with genuine securl-
ty and riot control needs.

Mr Gus Modlin of builders
‘TFM said 17 vehicles had now
been ordered — the highest
individual sale being four to a
provincial department. The
remainder were sold in
smaller lots to various mining
houses. .

At a basic price of R140 000
each, gross revenue, including
security extras, is thus far, in
the region of R3 million.

The Casspir being sold to
the private sector differs
from the police model in that
it is supplied with a choice of
several types of roof.

“Police Casspirs are open,
but urban requirements make
it necessary to have roofs that
manually open and shut, in
case projectiles like fire
bombs are thrown at the vehi-
cle,” sald Mr Modlin.

Some of the carriers have
extensive searchlights and
floodlights mounted for use on
mining properties, Others
have “pusher frames” for the
removal of obstacles from
roadways. Nearly all will
have exterior screens to pro-
tect the bulletproof glass
from bricks and stones and
one mining house has request-

3400/494

71

ed a rubber bullet launcher.

All have a 12-passenger,

3 driver and commander,
configuration artd repel a 7,62
callbre Nato-standard bullet
or 5,56 calibre ball. The mono-
coque body, propelled by a
six-cylinder Atlantic turbo
diesel engine, is landmine and
grenade resistant.

TFM built the prototype for
the SA Police in 1979, and
took over the second produc-
tion run in 1980. The name
Casspir is an anagram of SAP
and designers CSIR.

A police spokesman this
week declined to make a for-
mal statement but said there
was nothing extraordinary in
sales of the Casspir to private
concerns,

He described them as noth-
ing more than a “protective”
personnel carrier”, claiming
there was not much differ-
ence between the basic func-
tion of the Casspir and the ar-
moured cars used by security
firms.

There was little chance, he
said, of the police version
being confused with a vehicle
used for security and riot con-
trol purposes by private or-
ganisations,

The Casspir will be in di-
rect competition with the
Ingwe, produced by Sandock
Austral and already in use by
several mining companies.
One model of the Ingwe is
mounted with a water can-
non.

SOUTH AFRICA



MOZAMBIQUE

SOFALA EXPERIMENTAL STATION TO STUDY NEW RICE CULTIVATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Aug 86 p 3

[Text] The first agricultural research on rice cultivation in Sofala Province
will take place this year at the Rice Experimental Station located ia Munhava,
in thé vicinity of the city of Beira. Meanwhile, the family sector's involve-
ment in opening new farms, as part of the program to utilize arable land, on
the outskirts of Beira, has increased positively during recent times.

The introduction of a new type of seed for rice cultivation in the family
sector, which brought positive results this year, has created an interest
among the rural extension technicians cooperating with the Maputo Agronomical
Institute in rice cultivation research, aimed at determining the potential of
the varieties of rice grown in Mozambique and the imported varieties.

Although it is known that, to date, the imported varieties, such as the C 4-63
seed, known to the population as "Cuban seed," have shown productivity rates
higher than the typical ones, the agricultural potential of the latter is not
yet known.

"The research to be carried out at the Rice Experimental Station will be based
on a comparison of the productivity and vegetative cycle of each variety of
rice seed," as our reporter was told by Antonio Manuel Cossa, head of that
station.

This research will undertake a detailed study of the frequency of fertilization
for the imported seeds and others of local origin, that official emphasized.

Meanwhile, as the arrival of seed from the Maputo Agronomical Institute is
awaited, seed which, according to Antonio Cossa, was promised by an engineer
in the field during her visit to that part of the country to collect samples
of this crop,in Sofala the preliminary work is continuing on the research,
specifically, the ploughing and leveling of the land in that location.

New Farms Opened
In the meantime, the family sector's involvement in the opening of new farms, as
part of the program to utilize arable land in the Beira green belt, has increas—

ed positively, as the population has been settling in the areas which have not
been cultivated for some time.

29



PARENTS COMMITTEE SEEKS INVITATION TO SWAPO 'CAMPS'

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in ENglish 4 Aug 86 p 5

[Text]

Open letter to churches in Namibia

It has come to our notice
that the leaders of different
churches in Namibia have
received invitations to visit so-
called Swapo camps in Zambia
in order to ascertain whether
the allegations about atrocities
committed by Swapo against
its own members are true or
not. .
For several years now family
and friends of Namibians who
have joined Swapo have re-
quested church leaders to help
them to determine the where-
abuuts and the lot of their kin.
More recently the increasing
number of reports and mes-
sages about atrocities commit-
ted by Swapo against its own
members caused the founding
of the Parent Committee.

This committee has done
everything: possible to enlist
the aid of Swapo, wellknown
political figures and especially
church leaders to establish the
truth about these allegations,
namely that hundreds if not
thousands of relatives and
friends from Namibia are be-
ing detained under the most
abhorrent conditions in camps
under Swapo’s supervision in
Zambia and Angola without
apparent reason and certainly
without any recourse to a fair
trial or hearing.

Initially the church leaders
promised to look into these al-
legations. After pressure by the
Parent Committee for answers
from these “sympathetic”
church leaders about the fate
of their relatives and friends in
Swapo camps, a vendetta was
started against those who re-
quested nothing but the truth.

Members of the Parent
Committee and other relatives
searching to find out where
their next of kin are and what
Swapo has done to them were
not only victimized but also in-
timidated, threatened and dis-
criminated against.

It became obvious that the
church leaders on whom we
pinned our hope to gather the
truth were not prepared to
honestly and bravely question
Swapo about the fate of those
great numbers of Namibiansin
those prison camps in Zambia
and Angola: The Parent Com-
mittee was accused of mem-
bers of waging propaganda
against Swapo.

Church leaders refused to
talk to members of the PC,
even after they were reminded
that they solemnly promised to.
find out the true facts about
the ever increasing allegations
against Swapo. Lately those
church leaders openly attack

36

NAMIBIA



UGANDA

ISLAMIC RELIEF AGENCY DONATES AID
Kampala FOCUS in English 15 Aug 86 p 2

[Zext] The Islamic African Relief Agency (1.A.R.A) has donated 90,000 kg
of maize to the Uganda Relief Programme.

The aid was handed over to the Minister of Rehabilitation Mr Kirunda-
Kivejinja on Tuesday at the Prime ministers office by the IARA representative
in Uganda Mr Musa Ali Hamaden.

The agency is to give more aid to displaced people which also includes food,
and medical treatment

IARA which has its headquarters in Khatoum gives aid to many countries in
Africa, its goals are to provide relief services to all parts of the World
affected by natural disasters. It provides food, shelter, clothing and
medical services to the areas of need. It also establishes health centres
to serve poor areas in the towns and country side.

TARA further tries to find solutions to educational and other problems for
refugees. They execute feeding programmes on child nutrition, preparation of
studies relating to nutrition health, and establishment of institutions and
training centres to help correct imbalances,

IARA has twenty relief centres in the Sudan. It also has projects in
Somalia, Central African Republic, Chad, Mauritania, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania,
Uganda,

It cooperates with agencies like UNCICEF, WFP, and volunteer organisations
from Kuwait, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

19274
CSO: 3400/495

61



Status of the Equipment

Of the 14 vehicles comprising the Manica Highway Transportation fleet, only
three buses can be considered to be in perfect condition. The. freight trucks,
all with many years of use, are subject to constant breakdowns, and all the
more because there are no parts on the domestic market for replacement.

"Moreover,the specialized mechanics that we had previously have left the three
merged companies because of wage problems. If our proposal for new rates is
approved, then we shall review the enterprise's wage scale and try at all costs
to bring in qualified mechanics capable of doing a good maintenance job," he
remarked.

Concurrently with these considerations, shop work is under way to recover at
least two mobile units.

From the standpoint of difficulties typical of a newly formed company, the lack
of fuel that could ensure the regular circulation of the rolling stock is
prominent, not to mention the lack of lubricating oil and accessories.

Another problem is related to the lack of a "first aid" vehicle in the enterprise
to render assistance to vehicles which break down in the middle of the highway.

Inchope Delay: Solution in Sight?

The Beira-Chimolo route is covered by the Sofala and Manica fleets, respective-
ly, from the standpoint of passenger transportation. However, for some time,
the population has been deprived of traveling to Beira, because the Sofala buses
have ended their run at Inchope, the area demarcating the two provinces.

That official subsequently stated: "Sofala Province raised its rates without
the knowledge of its Manica counterpart, because they did not inform us. And
the local population refused to pay a larger amount. For this reason, ROMOC-
Beira preferred to end its runs at Inchope, because they have already made
their trip in their own province.’

"I admit that we have delayed somewhat in making proposals for the new rates.
But the problem will be solved soon, because we have already sent our rate
proposal for approval by the central authorities. Our proposal is the same as
that of Beira, namely, 1 metical and 50 centavos per km/passenger. After it has
been approved, the Beira buses will no longer stop at Inchope, but will do so
in the town of Chimoio," commented the director of Manica transportation and
communications, in conclusion.

2909
cso: 3442/300.

32



SOUTH AFRICA

VERWOERD DISCUSSES ORANJERWERRERS' VIEWS OF ALL-WHITE STATE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Aug 86 p 21

[Text]

13104
cso:

Mr Hendrik Verwoerd does
look a little bit like his father,
the late Dr Hendrik Verwoerd.
‘There are also hints of resem-
blance in his voice and temper-
ate manner.

The similarities between the
former South African Prime
Minister and the general secre-
tary of the Oranjewerkers-
vereniging do not end there,

Like his father, he believes
that an homogenous society is
the only one that could really
be harmonious.

But where his father devised
black homelands, Mr Verwoerd
is devoting his life to the idea
of an all-white homeland — to-
tally reliant on white initiative
and white labour.

He is doing that because he
believes that there is no way in
which blacks can be denied full
voting rights.

“If they live and work within
your borders they must get a
full say in the government.
That would mean a black gov-
ernment because they are in
the majority.

“We believe that whites
should be governed by whites,
which leaves us with only one
option — to become self-reliant
enough to be able to survive in
an all-white state.”

Mr Verwoerd also believes
the Afrikaner has been too pre-
scriptive in the past. The dif-
ferent groups should decide on
a regional basis how they want
to organise their societies.

That is why he regards the
kwaNatal Indaba as one of the
positive things the Government
is doing. It amounted to recog-"

3400/494

64

nising the principle that re-
gions should decide for them-
selves.

“We would welcome it if the
kwaNatal Indaba succeeds in
creating a mixed regional au-
‘thority as a solution to the
province’s problems — as long
as that will not be regarded as
a blueprint for the rest of the
country.

“In the same way we will
have no objections to other ra-
cially mixed regions or small
states — as Jong as communi-
ties be allowed and given the
opportunity to devise their own
systems.

“That is our whole aim at
Morgenzon — to create the be-
ginning of an all-white region
or homeland and to prove that
it can be done.”

Mr Verwoerd says the Oran-
jewerkers are the real reform-
ers in the country — not the
Government.

“They are simply strengthen-
ing the existing way of life in
South Africa. We are trying to
change by convincing people
they should adapt and work to
become independent of foreign
labour.”

Mr Verwoerd, who is in his
early 40s, gave up his career as
a church minister six years ago
to become the full-time general
secretary of the Oranjewer-
kersvereniging.

The organisation has three
other full-time workers and
“between 2000 and 3000” paid-
up members. It is financed by
membership fees which aver-
age R35 a year.



19274
CSO:

3400/500

By pretending to them that Swapo has no standing in Namibia, is
not going to alter the fact that.the majority in this country support
the movement. “ 2

Surely the‘numbers game’ is of little importance. A meeting or rally
is either ‘well-attended’ or ‘not well-attended’ and there is little doubt,
that by Namibian standards and population statistics, the attendance.
at the last Swapo rally was good. ,

And since the security police (in over-abundance at such meetings,
painstakingly photographing every face in the crowd, some of them
badly disguised as journalists) have little else to do, since their tape-
recorders and cameras do the job for them, they could start counting
and provide the interim government mouthpiece with the number of
those ‘in attendance.

MAKE THE PEOPLE AWARE OF "THE TRUE SITUATION

INSTEAD OF trying to give the ‘whites’ in particular, and the coun-
try as a whole’ the impression that Swapo’s support is minimal inside
Namibia, Mr Mudge and other propagandists of the interim govern-
ment should make people aware of the true situation.

Their credibility as a ‘government’ in any case, is minimal, and
everyone is aware that they were appointed and not elected. It is
therefore unfortunate that they, in positions of influence due to the
good graces of the South African State President, should choose to
abuse sach positions. Instead of attempting to better the situation of
the Namtibian people, they use their government offices to propagate
their own ‘cause’ (if they have one) and discredit their political
opponents. .

And the realities, to those whose heads are not addled with an over-
abundance of pro-interim government propaganda and other disin-
formation, are not as the DTA or other parties in that government,
would have them appear to be.

This reality is that the majority of the people of this country are
disenchanted with the interim government (and we refer in particular
to the black community, although we believe a large portion of the
‘white} community shares these sentiments) and the majority are in
favour of electing the government of their own choice.

At the risk of becoming boring, I have to emphasise once again,
that it is not up to politicians to determine which group or groups,
should govern Namibians. It is up to Namibians themselves to decide.

If Mr Mudge and all other pro-interim government forces were
honest with themselves and with the electorate as a whole, they would
stop trying to pretend their opposition is minimal, and concede to
the fact that the majority of people in this country want elections in
terms of Security Council Resotytion 435. This is the reality of the
situation in Namibia, and‘not whether 4000 or 1500 people attend
a Swapo rally.

It is time they get their priorities straight.

42



SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT TO SELL STATE HOSPITALS, PRIVATIZE MEDICAL SERVICES

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 17 Aug 86 pp l, 3

(Article by Ruth Golembo]

[Text]

THE Government is to
privatise some medical
services.

Empty hospital beds will
be made available to the pri-
vate sector and provincial
hospitals used by private pa-
tients will be sold.

Minister of Health and
Welfare George de V Morri-
son says: “This is not a wel-
fare State. There is no reason
for the private sector not to
take over the running of cer-
tain hospitals and medical

services.

“The State will provide
medical services only for in-
digent patients. All other
services will be sold to the
private sector.”

Government plans include
making empty hospitals
available to welfare organi-
gations to accommodate the
frail and aged.

Crosshead

Dr Morrison said in an in-
terview after the announce-
ment of the new national
health plan that privatisation
would be implemented soon.

The Browne Commission's
report on health services will
be tabled in the fortheomin,
session of Parliament.
White Paper containg the
Government’s comments on
the recommendations will
also be published.

The commission investi-.

gated the high cost of medi-

cine and other aspects of
health services in the private
sector in particular. .

Dr Morrison says that if a
medical-aid patient has ex-
hausted his cover, he may
apply for reclassification as
a free patient.

The State will also con-
sider hiring beds and facili-
ties for its patients from pri-
vate ent ise because it
would be cheaper than own-
ing hospitals.

Private hospitals will train

nurses and other staff.

He says the State will con-
tinue Its training pro-
grammes, but poaching of it
staff by’ private hospitals
canhot be afforded.

Big business

Private hospitals have be-
come big business, At least
R150-million in private funds
was invested in hospitals in
the past year.

ere are hundreds of
empty beds in the Transvaal
Provincial Administration's
Johannesburg Hospital — but
private institutions have
sprung up. They are alo
mushrooming elsewhere.

A plush R22-million clinic
in Kempton Park was opened
this week by the Hydromed

‘Group, which also owns the

Flora Clinic in Florida and
the Reef's Mayo clinics.

Two hospitals costing
about R58-million are due to
open in Secunda and Bloem-
fontein soon.

84

Hydromed managing di-
rector Peter Arendsen says 2
well-run institution can be
described as a highly profit-
‘able “medical hotel”.

“The blossoming of private
hospitals reflects a demand
for luxury and individual at-
tention by patients.”

Earnings

Marius Barnard, PFP
spokesman on health, says
private hospitals have
sprung up because the prov-
inces failed to provide the
services patients want.

Rembrandt's Medi-Clinic
Corporation, which is valued
at about R170-million, has
three hospitals under con-
struction. The company, new-

listed on the Johannesburg

tock Exchange, projects

earnings of R7,7-million in
1987, doubling to R15,1-mil-
lion in 1988 and rising to
R31,1-million by 1991.

Barney Hurwitz, chairman
of Clinic Holdings which has
17 hospitals and day clinics
and a property portfolio esti-
mated at R250-million, is
cautious about saying private
hospitals are good business.

Mr Hurwitz says: “There
are far better businesses to
invest in. Private hospitals
are bound by medical-aid
tariffs. We are capital and
labour intensive and have to
contend with continually ris-
ing costs.



Francis Fukuyama, who was a member of the political planning group in the U.S.
Department of State, recently came out with a conclusion apparently--but only
apparently--contrary to this thesis in the latest issue of the magazine FOREIGN
AFFAIRS. (Footnote 1) ("Gorbachev and the Third World" in FOREIGN AFFAIRS, No

4, 1986)

According to his analysis, there are unequivocal signs that serious economic
difficulties in the Soviet Union are going to force Gorbachev to alter the
foreign policy: pursued up to now by reducing military and economic assistance
to its numerous allies and clients and, especially, avoiding any new commit—
ments.

However, as far as Angola is concerned, the Soviet Union is convinced that a
reduction in its military and economic aid would lead to the MPLA's defeat by
UNITA. If this were to happen, it would have an intolerable effect on the
prestige of the Soviet Union, to the benefit of thé United States. This would
represent a political cost that Gorbachev cannot accept, and this is why every-
thing seems to indicate that the Soviet Union will continue its military effort
in Angola as it has up to now, despite the extremely heavy cost involved.

This thesis, however, does not contradict Helena Carrere D'Encausse's analysis,
in that both agree that Angola is not one of the essential bases of the Soviet
empire--as is Ethiopia—-but a region from which the Soviet Union could agree
to withdraw, if it could do so without losing face.

In support of this argument, reports of informal meetings between representa-
tives of the MPLA and UNITA were recently circulating. And, in recent talks
of President Jose Eduardo dos Santos in Moscow, the Soviet Union advised him
to seek an opening in political, economic, and diplomatic fields. In the dip-
lomatic arena, one of the Angolan government's current priorities is to avoid
a deterioration in relations with the United States and, later, to initiate a
process of normalization. (Footnote 2) (In AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL, May 1986)

The analyses discussed earlier, and the signals arriving from Luanda, show
that conditions are ripe to develop productive negotiations in relation to
Angola and Namibia.

If Portugal wants to preserve its credibility in the region and in Africa gen-
erally, it is in an excellent position to play an important role in these neg-
otiations. But can we really tell what are the irresistible forces that are
now forming, in the words of Ortega y Gasset, "the silent seed of the future"
of southern Africa?

9805
CSO: 3442/270



Ports Authority Operating at Below 50 Percent of Capacity
(Martins Nwanne; DAILY TIMES, 8 Aug 86) .....ssececeeseees

New Port Charges System Increases Income
(Martins Nwanne; DAILY TIMES, 22 Aug 86) .s.seveseceseeees

Money Supply Dropped Sharply in April
(DALLY TIMES, 22 Aug 86) .esccccccccccccccccecrecsccncoece

Production of Own Military Vehicles Planned
(Frank Akinola; DAILY TIMES, 22 May 86) ...cssecceececceee

Briefs
Ban on Hides Export
Ghana Oil Purchases
Bauchi Dam Project
Combat of Oil Spills
Ondo Oil Exploration
Bumper Harvest in Kaduna
Increase in Police Strength
Reasons for Emir Removal
Oil Drilling Activity
Airport Surcharge on Freight
Indian Urges Weapons Self-Reliance

TANZANIA

UGANDA

Closer Relations With Rwanda Pledged
(Peter Masebu; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 7 Jul 86) ......eeeeee

Plans Outlined To Make Country Self-Sufficient in Food
(Mkumbwa Ally; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 4 Jul 86) .....seeeeee

Bid Made To Improve Nation's Education Standards
(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 7, 9 Jul 86) .cscccacccacccvcseceees

Measures Announced in Assembly
MP's Stress Need, by Mkumbwa Ally
Minister Defends System
Editorial Mentions Problems

Islamic Relief Agency Donates Aid
CFOCUS, 15 Aug 86) cocseeccccccerccceecsccenssscecvsceeres

Hope Expressed New Uniforms for Police Will Improve Image
(THE EQUATOR, 6 Aug 86) .ccccccceccscsenccccuncsersccseece

45

46

47

53

54

56

56

57

58

60

61

62



/13046
CSO:

3400/483

“However, | am saying that
experience has shown that the
disregard of ethnic and cultus-
al differences and their non-
accommodation in constitu-

tional structures leads to mis-
trust, disloyalty to the
majority-dominated constitu-
tion and conflict. ”

“Finding ways and means of
protecting .minority interests
while siniultaneously promot-
ing effective government is one
of the most stimulating
challenges before your consti-
tution writers,’ Mr Pienaar
said.

39



separately. Now they’re
changing it. For the church to
follow the Government is fa-
tal. The church should have
only one leader and that is
God. We will fight anyone
who is against the Gospel.

“If someone says I must
love all — fine. But if he says
you must eat with someone,
you must live with someone,
you must let him into the
church, then he is using politi-
cal language.

“] don't believe we must
have one structure, because it
ignores the variety of peo-
bles. ‘They are trying to make
out everyone is the same in
all respects. We are equal be-
fore God, but not in society in
terms of talents, views of life,
Civilisation and development.
This is a variety which God
has made.”

ae Marais, leader of the
HNP, also drives a nail
into the coffin of right-wing
unity.

/13046
cso: 3400/465

The HNP and the CP have
little chance of getting to-
gether because the Conserva-
tives stayed in Parliament
for 13 years after the HNP
opted to spread their “true”
gospel in the wilderness.

He believes policy differ-
ences can be iroried out even-
tually, but the CP’s presence
in Parliament for all those
years is the nub of their dis-
agreement. If one party was
right in staying on, ‘then the
other must have been wrong
in criticising it for doing so.

He does not foresee some
magic policy uniting the two
factions (“there is bad blood
on both sides”), but he hopes
that the supporters of the two
parties will be able to grow
closer together at mutually-
arranged functions. To the
uninformed outsider, this
would seem another way of
saying the HNP wants to
swallow the CP. and vice
versa.

The differences between
them place them a world
apart.

70

The CP wants a Southern
African council of states. The
HNP says this will create a
mini United Nations with no
advantages.

The CP wants homelands
for the coloured people and
Indians. The HNP says India
is in a state of undeclared
war with this country and
there is no point in creating a
second India here.

The CP is happy to use En-
glish as an official language.

‘he HNP wants Afrikaans
and only Afrikaans.

Their other differences are
ill-defined and refer to the ar-
eas in which blacks would be
allowed to live.

So much for unity. To right-
wing commentators, the one
wild factor is the possibility
of a coup. If push becomes
shove, they foresee a violent
clash between the AWB and
the ANC. Should this happen,
they expect the AWB will
seize power by extra-parlia-
mentary means.



EMIGRATION HEAVIEST AMONG PROFESSIONAL, TECHNICAL WORKERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Aug 86 p 7

{Text ]

113104

‘Yhe tempo of people
leaving South Africa is
increasing by the month
— and most are “profes-
sional, technical and re-
lated workers,” accord-
ing to the Central Statis-
tical Office (CSS).

South Africa suffered a
net loss of 559 people in
June, compared to a net
gain of 723 during that
month in 1985.

Some 1075 people left
in June this year, while
there were 516 immi-
grants, according to the
latest CSS news release.

South Africa lost 3542
people in the period Jan-
uary to June.

In 1985, the corre-
sponding period showed a
net gain of 6 253.

Of the 7189 people who
have left South Africa
since January this year,
1215 were professional,
technical and related
workers. These included
252 engineers, 51 medical
doctors and dentists, 14
accountants and nine
“educationists”.

CSO: 3400/493

79

Others to go included
agricultural, animal hus-
bandry and forestry
workers, fishermen and
hunters (six), production
and related workers (89),
sales and service workers
(52) and administrative,
managerial and clerical
workers (94).

Of the 3647 since Jan-
uary 1, 589 are listed as
professional, _ technical
and related workers.

Others included 211
production workers, 102
sales and service experts,
82 administrators and
managers, 11 doctors and
dentists, 12 accountants
and 21 educationists.

Tourism figures also
show a decline.

A total of 38431 for-
eigners visited South
Africa between January
and June, compared to
47783 for that period of
1985. l

Many came from Zim-
babwe (8072), followed
by Botswana (4 161), Swa-
ziland (3492), the UK
(3442), the USA (3299),
Lesotho (2787), and West
Germany (2 306).

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-86-097
19 SEPTEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

CSE] tseeovor o19

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVIce— ~

REPRODUCED BY. |
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE i 14
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 i

Abo



MOZAMBIQUE

China Finances Well-Drilling Project
(NOTICIAS, 2 Aug 86) .essscscceeccccesccceccscccsesanseees 16

China Finances Shoe Factory Rehabilitation
(NOTICIAS, 12 Aug 86) ..

eee eee ee nce eeeeeresseeneses 18

Pemba Water. Supply Project To Recommence With Italian Aid
(NOTICIAS, 12 Aug 86) .ccceccccceccccrvvcccenccscseevesees 19

Well-Producing Workshop in Inhambane Inaugurated
(NOTICIAS, 13 Aug 86) .ecsesccessecccescscccnsceseessceens 24

Inhambane's Efforts To Recover From Drought Recounted
(NOTICIAS, 15 Aug 86) wccccceccccccccccccecevccvecevssees 26

Sofala Experimental Station To Study New Rice Cultivation
(NOTICIAS, 15 Aug 86) w.ccrecccccccccccccncccsccceececeens 29

Manica Population Satisfied With New Transportation Firm
(NOTICIAS, 12 Aug 86) wreccscccccccccccccvceencccreneccers 31

Briefs
Debt Renegotiation Agreement 33
Cooperation Agreement With Norway 33
NAMIBIA

SWAPO Said To Bounce Back: 10,000 Attend Rally
(Brendan Seery; THE STAR, 1 Aug 86) ..ccceceececccccceeees 34

Parents Committee Seeks Invitation to SWAPO 'Camps'
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 4 Aug 86) wcccecceccucccaccecres 36

Voters Should Be Consulted on Change, Says Official
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 5 Aug 86) ...sscecesecceceeececes 38

White Legislative Assembly Restrains Spending
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 5 Aug 86) wssceseccceccccceeeecs 40

Majority Said To Favor Electing Government
(Gwen Lister; THE NAMIBIAN, 22 Aug 86) ...sseecscscceceees 4L

NIGERIA

Lagos Imam Reported as Opposing OIC Membership

(DAILY TIMES, 16, 20 Aug 86) ...eeseceeceece . 43
Eid-El-Kabir Message 43
Imam's Denial 44



indication that moderate crops will be achieved, because of the fact that
steady rainfall has occurred during the campaign. Moreover, the fact that
every family in the district has planted at least 2 hectares ‘with cassava is
significant, because this is a crop recently introduced into. the region and
resistant to drought, and its production had not been customary among the
local populace. This crop has also been planted in Govuro, Mabote, and Inhas-
soro.

In Govuro, the prospects for harvests from the crops planted over an area of
3,000 hectares are similarly encouraging, particularly with regard to corn,
sorghum, and plums.

Nevertheless, in the other stricken districts, such as Mobote and Inhassoro,
the situation is different, because, in the former, owing to the late arrival
of seed, it was only possible to send it to three of the eight localities.

In Inhassoro, although the planned area of 15,000 hectares was exceeded, the
irregular rainfall caused the loss of the crops during their germination
period, and there are gloomy prospects regarding the harvests.

The assistance that has been concentrated by the international community in
the northern section of the province, with a view toward the population's
self-sufficiency. in food, is an encouraging indication that the specter of
famine will be overcome if the weather conditions during the forthcoming
agricultural campaigns are not adverse.

This aid, granted primarily by the European Economic Community and the Italian
Government, has been reflected in the implementation of an integrated development
project, with a sum amounting to $14.5 million. This undertaking, the execution
of which is still in the initial phase, is intended to introduce basic techniques
in the area of family farming to improve the production yields. It is an
experiment that is being tried at present in Vilanculo, with prospects of
extending it to other districts during a subsequent phase. Although it is
impossible now to evaluate the first results from the experiment, the fact is
that it constitutes a wager on the future of agricultural production in the
region.

The project has as other areas of activity the water supply, health assistance,
and the rehabilitation of fishing activity. In this sector, the first results
have already started to be evident from the implementation of the undertaking,
with a rise in fish production during the first 5 months of this year in Vilan-
culo. According to this district's administrator, the fish production rate
that has been attained is higher than those during recent years.

All the assistance that has been and is being rendered to the districts affected
constitutes the main factor causing the reduction in the number of. people
stricken by the drought. But the situation still warrants caution, because

the number of people stricken is quite large. At present, it is estimated at
nearly 310,000, based on the latest official data.. This number represents
about 28 percent of the residents of Inhambane Province, in contrast to the

80 percent during the period 1982-83.

27



SOUTH AFRICA

EDITOR ADDRESSES OPEN LETTER TO ANC'S OLIVER TAMBO

Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Aug 86 pp 22, 24

[Open letter from Denis Beckett to Oliver Tambo:
Racism; Cures, Comrade Oliver?"]

Symptom:

[Text]

EAR Mr Tambo... Thank you

for your friendly letter. | was

pleased to see your own desire

for peace in South Africa so
amply reaffirmed.

My belief is that this desire would be
brought very much closer to realisation if
there was a political system which enabled
the present holders of political power to
have confidence in the future.

Such a system, to my mind, is contained
in the deliberate creation of an exception-
ally comprehensive democracy.

You can imagine the scepticism which
this meets from the upholders of apart-
heid. However, I stick to the belief that
white attitudes are formed by the assump-
tion that the end of apartheid, by which I
mean universal franchise in a single South
Africa, means their destruction.

This is not an assumption which is easi-
ly rebutted, but I believe that it can be
rebutted by the real meaning of real de-
mocracy becoming publicly recognised.

The form of democracy which I believe
to be real meets equivalent scepticism
from opponents of apartheid. To my mind
this too is based on a misperception
brought on by the distortions created by
the present system, namely that the end of
“white rule” has to mean “black rule”.

I believe that the foundations of con-
flict could be greatly affected by your at-
titude towards certain issues. Accordingly
1 set these issues out here and ask if you
would kindly comment on them.

(1) Majority rule.

There is some confusion about the terms
“democracy” and “majority rule”.

86

"Problem: Fear;

My understanding is that a comprehen-
sively democratic structure necessarily in-
volves majority rule.

However, the image of “majority rule”
is an image of a society where the majori-
ty dictates the terms of existence of the
minority.

This is not a feature of democracy as I
understand it, and the comprehensive de-
mocracy I envisage specifically provides
for a very large quantity of minority free-
dom — within, as in any democracy, the
range of majority tolerance.

Unfortunately, there is so long a record
of half-measures that it has come to be
taken for granted that anything holding
out freedom for minorities must be an-
other half measure, somehow limiting the
fullness of black citizenship.

The democracy I envisage is quite the
opposite. It takes the fullness of citizen-
ship to its highest point. However, in the
light of the current divisions, many peo-
ple find this difficult to accept.

There is a common assumption that
“the majority” consists of “the blacks”
and very little concept of a political pro-
cess which is not bound by “race-group”
solidarity.

As | see it, a thorough-going democra-
cy is the basis by which we can progress
beyond this ethnic obsession.

May I ask you to comment on this, and
so specify whether you consider a struc-
ture allowing for extensive rights for local
and regional units, within a single one-per-
son-one-vote democratic system, to be a
full and satisfactory democracy or to fail
to fulfil your understanding of liberation?


SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S PROPOSED NEW TOWNSHIPS NORTH OF SANDTON DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Aug 86 p15

[Article by David Breier, Shirley Woodgate and Carrie Curzon]

[Text]

ONE of the most dramatic and radical facelifts in
the history of South Africa is likely to take place
north of Sandton over the next few years.

The changes are earmarked for two areas: at the
proposed multiracial Cosmo City, on the farm Sands-
pruit, north-west of Sandton and at a 3000 ha site further

north at Diepsioot.

OUT from these areas will go several hundred whites, their
beautiful farms, their sprawling country retreats and their tran-

quil lifetstyles.

IN will come hundreds of
thousands of blacks, part of
the millions who are in des-
perate need of homes.

Each of the schemes has its

own major change:
@The giant Diepsloot town-
ship — about half the size of
Soweto — will probably be the
first black town on the Reef to
be developed under South
Africa's new self-help “order-
ly urbanisation” policy.

@Cosmo City is potentially
South Africa's first multira-
cial town.

A spokesman for the De-
partment of Constitutional
Development and Planning
said this meant that the
Diepsloot township was likely to
include self-help schemes
ranging from b: -
service areas to more expen-
sive privately built homes.

Gone will be the old-style
concept of rew upon row’ of
identical matchbox houses
built by the State,

The spekesman said no de-

tails of the plan yet existed as
only the draft guide plan had

been published at this-stage’,

for public comment over the
next 60 days. Only after that
would details be worked out.
Mr Matthew Nell head of
the Urban Foundation’s Fami-
ly Housing Association said it
was essential that the new
township make provision fora
full range of housing for all
income groups including the
very poor as they usually lost
out in the more conventional

form of housing Which they’

could not afford.

He estimated that the
3000ha site at Diepsloot
would accommodate 45 000
d he welcomed the
sion of housing in the
PWY which had an estimated
shortage of 200 000 homes.

But several experts believe
the n for the Diepsloot
township is already outdated.

Mr Norman Nell, president

81

of the Institute of Estate
Agents, said he believed a re-
port by President’s Council on
the Group Areas Act could
make the latest draft guide
plan for the Central Wit-
watersrand obsolete.

The institute had made its
stand clear on the Group
Areas Act and’ depoliticising
property, and he found the co-
Jour connotation unfortunate
as it would doom the town
from the start.

Meanwhile Mr Matthew
Nell, general manager of ‘the
Urban Foundation Family
Housing Association, said the
45 000 units planned for Diep-
sloot represented less than a
quarter of the present black
housing backlog :

More than 500000 housing |
units would have to be provid-
ed by the year 2000 if the pres-
ent shortfall of 200 000 units in
the PWV had to be met. .

Cosmo City could bring on
stream another 7000 stands
housing more than 30000 peo-
ple.

Other plans include.a col-
oured town north of Sandton
on the farm Allandale in Mid-
rand; Tembisa is set to expand
northwards into Midrand and
a second coloured township is
being investigated on the
farm Mooifontein in Midrand,

News of the Diepsloot plan
has devastated residents in
the designated area who will



GHANA

INTERNATIONAL AID DETAILED; COCOA PRODUCTION REMAINS PRIORITY

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German
1 Jul 86 p 2

[Text] The Ghanaian Government is trying to overcome a severe economic
crisis. The development program introduced in 1983 is demanding considerable
sacrifice from the people. The economic recovery is making only slow
headway, and the measures taken to economize are causing increasing discord
among the population. The unions in particular have recently taken a
stance against the market economy-oriented course the government has chosen.
The reform course, which led to a real increase of approximately 5 percent
in the gross national product in 1985, is supported by the International
Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Other international organizations and
some industrialized nations, including the Federal Republic of Germany,

are also supplying a significant amount of development aid. In 1984, Ghana
was allocated a total of $415 million in assistance. In 1985, the figure
was $478 million, and in 1986, $605.5 million. The largest creditor

this year is the International Development Association (IDA) of the World
Bank group, which granted $206 million in loans for 1986.

High priority is given to increasing cocoa production, in which for a

long time Ghana occupied the number one position in the world. Initial
success is to be attributed to international aid. Cocoa production,

which amounted to 157,000 tons in 1983, is expected to increase to
approximately 220,000 tons this year. In the 1960s, almost 600,000 tons
of cocoa were produced each year. Cocoa and cocoa products make up about
70 percent of Ghana's exports, and the cocoa industry finances a substantial
portion of the federal budget. The decline in cocoa production was due

in particular to low manufacturer's prices, mismanagement, inadequate
transport facilities, and periods of drought. There has recently been a
marked increase in manufacturer's prices. Sufficient rainfall and invest-
ments in the transportation sector are also helping to ensure a continuing
increase in cocoa production.

Ghana is rich in natural resources that can be used in a number of ways.
The first among these is gold, which, after cocoa, is the second most
important source of foreign currency. Gold mining operations are handled
by the Ashanti Goldfields Corporation (Ghana) Ltd. (AGC), Obuasi, and the
state-run State Gold Mining Corporation (SGMC), Tarkwa. The shareholders
in the ACC are the British Lonrho PLC, London, with 45 percent, and the



BUMPER HARVEST IN KADUNA--A bumper harvest is in the offing in most parts of
Kaduna State this year, following well-paced and adequate rainfall and
massive cultivation, a Daily Times state-wide investigation has shown.
Already, some farmers in Zongon Aya and Farakwai villages in the state have
harvested their millet, about 40 days ahead of the normal harvesting time.
The Daily Times discovered that crops such as millet, onions and tomatoes
in other areas of the state are ripe and ready for harvesting, which farmers
said they would do after Eid-el Kadir. [Excerpt] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in
English 14 Aug 86 p 3] /13046

INCREASE IN POLICE STRENGTH--Three thousand more men are to be recruited soon
to strengthen the police, the Commissioner in charge of Administration, Force
Headquarters, Lagos, Mr. Abdullahi Shetima, has said. Mr. Shettima, who was
testifying in Abuja, before the Babalakin Commission of Inquiry into the
affairs of the defunct FEDECO, said that approval to this effect had been
given, adding that more persons would be recruited and trained when the
country's economy improved. The commissioner, who was in charge of the
territory during the 1983 general elections, said that the command had a
strength of 397 men to cater for 564 polling stations, provide security for
FEDECO officials, VIPs; presidential candidates and carry out routine
assignments. Mr. Shettima said that in spite of the manpower problem, there
were no reported cases of discrepancies in election figures even though there
was a case of misconduct involving supporters of the proscribed NPP and NPN.
He said that 193,984 was allocated to his command to carry out election
assignments. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 14 Aug 86 p 1] /13046

REASONS FOR EMIR REMOVAL--The Gongola State Governor, Col. Yohanna Madaki,
said on Wednesday in Yola that he removed Alhaji Abba Tukur, the Emir of
Muri, because of "insubordination and disrespect to government directives.
Col. Madaki said on an NTA, Yola, interview programme that the Emir's removal
had nothing to do with the suit the emir filed against the state government.
He said that the emir's insolence to constituted authorities and flagrant
violation of government directives dated back to 1976, when Gongola was
under the defunct North-Eastern State. Col. Madaki also cited some instances
when the emir under the present administration, travelled outside the state
without permission from the state government. He said that he once invited
the emir for a "chat" in Yola but that the emir refused to honour the
invitation, adding that "this is the greatest contempt to authority by any
public servant. Alhaji Abba was deposed on Tuesday by the Governor. [Text]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 15 Aug 86 p 24] /13046

OIL DRILLING ACTIVITY--Drilling activities in the country increased by 42.85
per cent from the seven rigs mobilised by the NNPC and the oil companies in
March to 10 rigs in May, according to the "Nigerian Petroleum News". Out of
the 10 rigs, Shell Petroleum mobilised four, while the NNPC, Ashland, Elf,
Gulf Oil, Mobil and Nigerian Agip operated one rig each. In May, Shell
alone fielded six seismic parties, NNPC four, while Ashland, Elf, Gulf, Mobil
and Agip had one party each. During the intervening month of April, 15
seismic parties were fielded, 10 rigs mobilised and more than 1,200 km of
line data acquired. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 15 Aug 86 p 24]
/13046

51



"This will hopefully lead to the establishment [words omitted] Communist
diplomats from Maseru," one source said.

Foreign parties willing to lend assistance include German, British and
U.S. agencies committed to aid for underdeveloped countries.

The first part of the scheme--running to 1995--aims to provide water
largely to the drought-hit PWV area at a projected cost above Rlbn.

This figure does not include the cost of raising the funds, which is highly
sensitive to interest rate movements. Cost estimates also vary depending
on the inflation and interest rates which are chosen for budgeting over

the project's life of 50 years.

At this stage it appears that the SA government will not foot the bill

for the scheme. The Department of Water Affairs has, subject to parlia-
mentary approval, the option of taxing beneficiaries [words omitted].

19604
cso: 3400/487

93



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT AID FOR CROSSROADS--House of Assembly, Aug 26, SAPA--The government
had spent R843,942 over the last three months in an ongoing relief effort for
people from the devastated Crossroads and KTC areas who were moved to
Khayelitsha, the minister of constitutional development and planning,

Mr Chris Heunis, said today. Replying to a question from Mr Ken Andrew

(PFP [Progressive Federal Party] Gardens) he said that between June 4 and
August 21 this year the state had provided tents, food and other materials.
This action was "still proceeding,” he said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA

in English 1315 GMT 26 Aug 86] /8309

cso: 3400/488

72



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

DEBT RENEGOTIATION AGREEMENT--The Council of Ministers meeting today approved
the text of an agreement to be entered into immediately with the Government
of the People's Republic of Mozambique with a view to a renegotiation of that
country's external debt to Portugal, an agreement which would make it
possible to settle, once and for all, an issue that has been lingering for
several years. [Text] [Lisbon International Service in Portuguese 1800 GMT
28 Aug 86 LD] /8309

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH NORWAY--Yesterday afternoon, a general agreement on
cooperation was signed to promote the socioeconomic development of Mozambique,
by the governments of the People's Republic of Mozambique and the Kingdom of
Norway. The document was signed by Jacinto Veloso, minister of cooperation,
on behalf of Mozambique, and by Arthur Sydnes, resident representative of
NORAD (Norwegian Authority on Cooperation for Development-Ministry of Coopera-
tion and Development), on behalf of Norway. The agreement now signed is valid
for 5 years, and will serve as a basis for all the existing cooperation, and
to establish between the two countries, within the next 5 years (primarily in
the areas of financial assistance) projects for development, backing for the
balance of payments, technical assistance, and consulting services. It should
be noted that the previous general agreement was signed on 7 October 1978, and
expired on 7 October 1983. Since then, the effective period of this agreement
has been extended until the conclusion of the agreement signed now. The coope-
ration between Mozambique and Norway has increased throughout: the years, and
Norway currently holds an importation position among Mozambique's leading
donors. The cooperation that is under way includes the following areas, among
others: energy (technical assistance and consulting services, Niassa electri-
fication program by means of hydroelectric power plants, and supplies);
merchant marine (assistance to the Nautical Training School, technical assis—
tance to NAVIQUE, and assistance for hydrography and the rehabilitation of

the Maputo coastal shipping dock); fishing (fishing resources research project,
and anchovy fishing experimental project); health (program to combat tubercu-
losis, and backing to the balance of payments), The level of annual coopera-
tion between Mozambique and Norway fluctuates at about 152 million Norwegian
kroner. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Aug 86 p 1] 2909

CSO: 3442/300

33



NIGERIA

PORTS AUTHORITY OPERATING AT BELOW 50 PERCENT OF CAPACITY

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 8 Aug 86 p 32

{Article by Martins Nwanne]

[Text]

/13046
cso:

3400/462

IHE Nigerian Ports

Authority (NPA), is
operating at below 50 per
cent capacity, a situation
that has been going on for
over a year now...”

. This is as a result of the
Federal Government's
squeeze on licence
allocations, occasioned by
scarce resources and the
global economic down-
turn.

The administrator of
the Apapa Port Complex,
Lagos, Mr, Sagir Mohany
med in an interview said
that since many factories
in the country were opera-
ting below installed
capacities, the ports could
not be expected to be
operatingin full swing.

‘Mr. Mohammed said
big companies that ‘use
the ports such as the
Flour Mills; Peugeot Auto-
mobile and Lever

Brothers are not
operating at full capacity.

He mentioned as an
example, ‘the current
closure of the Oino plant
of Lever Brothers as a
result of lack of raw
materials,

The administrator said
that the NPA. is looking
forward to the expected
.trade boom (import and
export) that the imple-
‘mentation of the second
tier market may generate.

He said that the Autho-
rity’s four out of six tug
boats were lying idle and
can be reactivated at any
given time, adding that at
all times, ‘‘the other two
tugs are at the ready for
port operations.”

He said that the spare
parts ordered by the NPA
have started to’ arrive
adding that ‘‘we have up
to 20 loaded containers of
marine, tyres, tubes and
mechanical spare parts to

45

reactivate our plants.”

On the question of
security at the ports, the
administrator said that
the Ports Police Com-
mand has been beefed up
in terms of equipment and
‘other necessary materials.

“If the need arises, the
mobile police may be
invited to supplement the
efforts of the command to
ensure effective and all-
round security at the
port.”

He said past port con-
gestions caused by lack of
planning and co-operation
of port users, had been
checked by the introduc-

tion of Ships’ Entry
Notice (SEN).

Mr. Mohammed said
NPA has a staff strength
of 2,000 officers and

, 19,500 other members of
staff, adding that the
authority was not
considering retrenchment
“at least for now.”’


said that lack of funds had delayed the construction of the project,
originally scheduled for completion in April. He said that the Union Bank
loan would enable the authority to ensure the completion of the dam before
the end of this year. The general manager said that 95 per cent of the civil
works on the dam had been completed. The dam is designed to irrigate 44,000
hectares in Borno, Bauchi and Gongola, states, he added. According to Alhaji
Abubakar, the dam would also generate 34 megawatts of electricity, fetching a
yearly revenue of over 45 million, adding that arrangements had been com-
pleted with NEPA for the purchase of the power that would be generated from
the dam. He said that the authority last year realised over 85 million from
a total of 13,945 tonnes of grains. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English

11 Aug 86 p 16] /13046

COMBAT OF OIL SPILLS--The eleven oil-producing companies operating in the
country have formed an association to fight major oil spillages. The new
body known as Clean Nigeria Associates (CNA) is set up with a total capital
outlay of 15 million dollars (825 million) for equipment purchases and
personnel. Speaking to the press in Warri, Bendel State during the equipment
loading exercise, the vice-chairman of the association, Mr. Oluyomi Adeyemi
of Mobil Nigeria Ltd said that the body was set up principally to stop as
well as contain oil spill in any oil producing areas. He said that the CNA
operates both in Escravos and Forcados (both in Warri and Bonny oil producing
area in Rivers State but added, however, that the activities of the
associates would not be limited to only these two areas. Mr. Adeyemi said
that the services would be extended to other oil producing areas which may
encounter oil spillage and disclosed that the activities of the associates
would be co-ordinated by another firm--Halliburton Nigeria Limited for the
first three-year period. He explained that, Halliburton is a renowned expert
in oil spillage matters with activities mostly in the vast and rich oil
producing areas of south-western states of the United States of America.
[Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 13 Aug 86 p 13] /13046

ONDO OIL EXPLORATION--The Gulf Oil Company is to embark on extensive oil
exploration in Ondo State by September. This was revealed by the zonal
superintendent of the company for Escravos, Mr. 0.A. Omotayo, during a chat
at the Escravos near Warri in Bendel State. He said that there were regula-
tions from the Nigeria National Petroleum Company (NNPC) which had to be
adhered to by the oil-producing companies on oil exploration. Mr. Omotayo
said that there had been some searching going on before but extensive
exploration would start in September. Governor Mike Akhigbe of Ondo State
said recently that the estimated oil reserve in the state has not yet been
disclosed. He, however, expressed satisfaction with the approval given by
the Federal Government and hoped that the long-standing controversy on
whether the state governments should be paid royalty on off-shore operations
would be resolved soon. Governor Akhigbe further expressed the wish that his
government would soon benefit from the 1.5 per cent oil derivation revenue
accruable to all the producing states from the federation account. [Text]
[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 14 Aug 86 p 12] /13046

50



NEW PORT CHARGES SYSTEM INCREASES INCOME

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 22 Aug 86 p 24

[Article by Martins Nwanne]

[Text]

/13046
CSO:

‘ORE than 28 million

dollars have been
realised by the Nigerian
Ports Authority (NPA),
since the introduction six
months ago of a new
system of payment of
certain port charges by
ships that call at the
Nigerian ports.

The new system which
took effect from February:
1, provides that all ships,
including Nigerian owned’
vessels which call at the
country’s ports, would
‘pay selected port charges
in éonvertible currency,
this time in dollars,

Confirming these in an
exclusive interview in
Lagos, the chairman of
the NPA, Brigadier
Mohammed Balarabe
Haladu said that although
the official date the new
measures tuuk effect was
February 1, the actual
‘operation of the echeme
started at abeut the
middle of that month,

He said that certain
interest groups and
individuals who felt that
their personal and selfish
interests were threatened
by the implementation of
the scheme, tried to
frustrate the efforts of the
NPA in that direction.

3400/462

46

Brigadier \ Haladu
declared: “I am happy.
that the scheme finally
took off, inspite of

te efforts made by.
raining felt that their
selfish interests would be
threatened by the moves
we made. .

“The foreign ship
owners had all along been
paying these dues and
port charges in foreign
currency but their
Nigerian agents prefer to
pay the NPA in naira, for
selfish reasons and cheir
over-riding personal
interests.

“The point has been
made that certain
payments due to the
NPA, should be made in
convertible currency as
obtains in maritime trade
‘gh other countries of the
world. 1 ain happy that we

ve achieved success in

hat direction”,

He ‘said that between.
February and May, such

ments yielded 10.
nilion dollars. This, he
said, “has now. increased
to a little over 28 million

operation of the Second
Tier Market would be
smoothly implemented to
revitalise the operations
at the ports oace more.

NIGERIA



/13046
cso:

"Without this level of dem-
ocratic participation, the UDF
will cease to be a mass
movement, and will degen-
erate into an organisation that
mirrors the government and
the bantustan administrations.

“We see our grass-roots

structures as the embryonic
stage of people's power."

One state response to mass
opposition has been to call on
“moderate ind "nationalists"
to join with it in its efforts to
restructure apartheid.

In response, Morobe com-
ments: "The call must go out
to democrats to create new
ways to advance our goals
with a clear understanding of
changes in government think-
ing.

Reiterating the UDF's
stance on the sanctions issue,
he said: "We have no illusions

3400/486

75

about the effects sanctions
will have on the masses. But
at the same time we have no
guarantees that the govern-
ment will concede to majority
rule without them."

Looking at the road ahead,
Morobe predicts an escalation
in the crisis facing the gov-
ernment.

“Our immediate task is to
regain the legal space we have
lost through the emergency,"
he said. " primary task is
still to mobilise against apart-
heid.

"The task initiated by our
last general council -- its
theme is 'from mobilisation to
organisation, from protest to
action’ -- is not yet complete.

"The end of apartheid will
not follow because of a
change of heart but because of
our determined effort to win."



/13046
cso:

“Unlike hotels, we have
little say over what we can
charge

“Private hospitals are
springing up because people
who know little about busi-
ness are jumping on the
bandyagon to make a fast

yuck.”

Revamp

His group is engaged on a
R10-million revamp of the
Garden City Clinic in Jo-
hannesbug and has invested
about R35-million on’ the
Greenacres Polyclinic in
Port Elizabeth.

Their Hillbrow Rand Clin-

- ie's revamp cost about R10-

million. An intensive care
and neo-natal clinic costing
R6-million have been built at
Parktown’s Park Lane Clin-
ic.

The Afrox group became
involved in private clinics
when it bought out, Morris

‘inget’s quoted Amal at-
ed Medical Services
(Ammed) in May 1983.

3400/464

85

Ammed was delisted, but the
name was retained.

Ammed owns the Brent-
hurst Clinic, the Florence,
the Lady Dudley and the Prin:
cess in Johannesburg; Pre-
toria’s Eugene Marais; the
Entabeni in Durban; and the
Bay Clinic at Richards Bay.

Ammed ‘managing direc-
tor Royden Vice, who is also
the chairman of the Repre-
sentative Association of Pri-
vate Hospitals, says money is
being invested in private hos-
pitals because of rising de-
mand.

Nurses °

“This has happened for a
combination of reasons, in-
cluding the Government’s
move away from helping
medical-aid patients and a
general shortage of nurses. 1

“The listing of private hos-
pital groups has given many
more people a stake in the
industry.”



WHITE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY RESTRAINS SPENDING

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 5 Aug 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

/13046
cso:

A BUDGET of more than R200 million was tabled
in the White Legislative Assembly yesterday by the
Member of the Executive Committee responsible for

Finance, Mr Jannie de Wet.

And the White Administra-
tion has again responded to the
Central Government request to
stand on its own feet by return-
ing its allocations of about R55
million and meeting its obliga-
tion purely out of own revenue.

Income for the 1986/87
financial year is estimated at
R163 288 000 million which is
R28 million less than for the
previous year.

Mr De Wet said the reduced
income could be ascribed to
the lifting of the 10% tax levy
on individuals and the in-
troduction of a 10% cost sur-
charge by the Receiver of
Revenue on taxes collected on
behalf of representative
authorities.

A sharp decrease from
R33,6 million to R22 million
was expected in earnings from
interest.

The main reasons were the
much lower interest rates re-
cently and far less surplus
funds being available for in-
vestment.

The budget provides for ex-
penditure of R202 715 500,

3400/483

which appeared to be about
RSO0,5 million less than the
original estimate for the previ-
ous financial year.

However one-time grants
such as R40 million to the Cen-
tral Government for develop-
ment aid, R32 762.000 for loan
funds to the Swavleis Corpora-
tion and funds allocated to
creating office space after the
Administration vacated the
Tintenpalast did not occur
again in the present budget.

The deficit of about R39,4
million would be met from the
the Administrations’s accumu-
lated reserves of R163 million.

Mr De Wet pointed out that
the Administration for Whites,
at the request of the Cabinet,

would again refund the contri-.

bution of R30,3 million made
by the Central Government.

The Administration would
also refund its allocation of
R16,7 million received from the
Central Government for edu-
cation.

This meant the Administra-
tion for Whites financed its en-

40

tire education function out of
its own funds.

The estimated expenditure
on the education vote was
R49,4 million.

The Administration would
also refund to the Central

_ Government its allocation of

R4,8 million for health services
and R2,7 million for welfare

-and social pensions.

Mr De Wet said more than
90% of the R34,2 million allo-
cated for works would go out
on tender to the private sector.

Regarding the Administra-
tion’s accumulated reserves,
Mr De Wet said they had stood
at R226,7 million in March last
year.

Due to grants to the Central
Government, and loans to the
meat industry and enforced
one-time spending, these
reserves had dropped to about
R163 million.

Once the budget deficit had
been met they would be
reduced further to about R124
million by the end of the new
financial year.



JPRS-SSA-86-097

19 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ANGOLA

GHANA

KENYA

MALAWL

Impact of Sanctions on Front-Line States Weighed
(THE NAMIBIAN, 22 Aug 86; THE STAR, 26 Aug 86) ..

Economic Considerations, by Kelly McParland
Focus on Tanzam Railway, by Alastair Matheson

USSR Economic, Military Commitment Analyzed
(DIARIO DE NOTICIAS, 20 Jul 86) wiccceccccecsccevcvceeeees

North Koreans Reportedly To Replace Cubans
(TEMPO, 18 Jul 86) .scceeccccecrecececccrsceecenencnceeces

War, Drop in Oil Prices Impair Cabinda Development
(TEMPO, 11 Jul 86) cceeeceececvccececeececcccceeesereccees

International Aid Detailed; Cocoa Production Remains Priority
(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT, 1 Jul 86)

Official Says Rural Telephone Links Ready Next Year
(DALLY NATION, 11 Aug 86) ..cccceccnvencctccesceeeasseeoes

Correspondent Reports on Three Opposition Groups in Exile
(MOTO, No 47) ceececcesceceeseceerecnecetseeneetensnseetes

we

13

14



SOUTH AFRICA

VERWOERD SAYS ORANJEWERKERS HAVE REGULAR CONTACT WITH AWB

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 20 Aug 86 p 21

[Article by Hannes de Wet]
[Text]

A number of Northern Free State farmers are
now subscribing to the Oranjewerkersverenig-
ing’s ideal of becoming independent from “for-
eign labour” with a self-sufficient all-white re-
public in view.

Some have already started cutting back on the
number of their black workers, the general sec-
retary of the Oranjewerkersvereniging, Mr Hen-
drik Verwoerd, told The Star in an interview.

He also disclosed that the organisation had
regular consultations with Mr Eugene Terre-
Blanche's Afrikaanse Weerstandsbeweging
(AWB).

‘The towns or districts in the Free State where
farmers had started applying the Oranjewerkers
principle were, among others, Bothaville, Vil-
joenskroon and Heilbron.

According to Mr Verwoerd, farmers in the Wa-
terberg area in Northern Transvaal were also
diminishing the number of their black labourers.

The declared aim of the Pretoria-based Oran-
jewerkersvereniging is to convince as many
whites as possible to prepare themselves for an
all-white homeland — totally reliant on white
initiative and white labour.

/13104

CSO: 3400/494

63

Mr Verwoerd, son of the late Dr Hendrik Ver-
woerd, said the Oranjewerkers were also making
“steady headway” at Morgenzon in the Eastern
Transvaal which could be regarded as the em-
bryo of the white homeland idea.

“We have established a profitable factory that
produces fibreglass products with all-white la-
bour and about 50 percent of the property in
town is now owned by members or supporters of
the Oranjewerkersvereniging.

“More and more farmers in the district have
also started applying our principle of all-white
labour,” Mr Verwoerd said.

He explained that the Oranjewerkers’s idea of
a white homeland was not in conflict with the
Boerestaat that the AWB was propagating.

“Our activities are actually complementing
each other. The two organisations recognise each
as two different fronts working for the same
ideal.

“The Oranjewerkers have no objections to the
fact that the AWB is demanding a certain part of
the country for a Boerevolkstaat. Our duty is to
Prepare people to survive in such a state by
being self-reliant in the labour area.

“In view of that we have regular contact and
consultations with the AWB,” Mr Verwoerd said.



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

BAN ON HIDES EXPORT--Federal Government has banned the exportation of leather,
hides and skin from the country, the monthly Business and Economic Digest of
the United Bank for Africa (UBA) said in its latest edition, The Digest also
said to ensure effectiveness of the measure, the Export Licence Issuance
Committee in the Federal Ministry of Trade had been instructed to stop further
issuance of emport licences to leather exporters. It is said the directive
became very necéssary following an official protest from ledther goods
manufacturers; calling for a ban on leather export. The Digest said the
volume of official export licences already issued for leather export in the
second quarter of this year was put at 10 million Naira. Recently, Bata
Nigeria Limited, a leading footwear manufacturing company in the country,

said at its annual general meeting that one of the problems facing the shoe
industry in the country was the export of leader, hides and skin. The company
advised the Federal Government to take more stringent measures against the
exportation of the commodity. It wondered why Nigeria should be exporting
leather when we did not have enough for our local use. The Digest noted that
the government had put a stringent control on leather export but in a bid to
attain its target of 1.5 billion Naira from non-oil exports this year, control
on most of the products hitherto barred from export were removed. It said
such trend spurred on some merchants to start exporting leather officially from
the country to Brazil, Britain, Italy, France and the U.S.A. [By Ola Jones]
[Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 14 Aug 86 pp 1, 3] /13046

GHANA OIL PURCHASES--Ghana, which pays for the crude oil it purchases from
Nigeria through the Standard Chartered Bank of London, has proposed a direct
payment system for future purchases. According to the latest edition of the
United Bank for Africa, (UBA) monthly Business and Economic Digest, Ghana is
the largest customer of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) in
West Africa. In 1984, Ghana lifted 6.2 million barrels from Nigeria at a cost
of 8140.2 million, while in 1983, it lifted only two million barrels owing to
payment difficulties, the report said. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English
9 Aug 86 p 1] /13046

BAUCHI DAM PROJECT--The Gongola Jama' are River Basin Development Authority
has secured a 815 million loan from the Union Bank of Nigeria for the comple-
tion of the multi-purpose Dadin Kowa dam in Bauchi, its general manager Alhaji
Abubaker Hashidu, has said. In a progress report made available to the News
Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Dadin Kowa, Bauchi on Wednesday, Alhaji Abubaker

49



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

KAROO ADVANCING--Progressively deteriorating SA fields were highlighted

by Agriculture and Water Supplies Minister Sarel Hayward yesterday.
Speaking at a grazing strategy information day at Dohne, Eastern Cape,
Hayward said about 60 percent of the country's "veld" was in poor condition,
30 percent in fair condition and 10 percent in good condition. Authorities
had claimed climate changes alone were not responsible for despoiling
vegetation. Overstocking and mismanagement were the main causes of
deterioration. If this continued, he said, little grassland would remain
by the year 2050. Satellite pictures had shown the Karoo had penetrated

a further 70km northeast in the past 20 years. Hayward said about 3-million
hectares of land had been rendered useless for stock farming because of
invasion by woody species. About 2 million hectares in the north-western
Karoo had been devastated beyond reclamation under normal management
systems. Devastation had also taken place in the Eastern Transvaal and
Natal. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 22 Aug 86 p 4] 19604

cso: 3400/487

98


Obviously, the implementation of the program that has been devised is not
contingent only on those entities but, primarily, on other sectors of social
and economic life indirectly associated with the project, which constitute its
logistical base; as in the case of transportation, enterprises supplying
construction materials, communications, and others, so that. the undertaking
will be completed within the time period stipulated in the agreements.

2909
CSO: 3442/299

23



MOZAMBIQUE

PEMBA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT TO RECOMMENCE WITH ITALIAN AID
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] With financing from Italy, UNICEF, and other agencies, the resumption
of the water supply project for the city of Pemba is now anticipated for this
year. On Friday, engineer Miguel Angel, project director, gave our reporter
information on "demarches" [steps] initiated since 1978, upon the conception
of the undertaking, up until the present phase of the project, and the socio-
economic dividends to be enjoyed at the conclusion of the work.

When questioned regarding the basic notion underlying the designation "Pemba
water supply," because the city is traversed by an urban system installed
during the period preceding the proclamation of national independence, the
subject of our interview explained that the project was devised as a means
for using the underground water existing in the Muaguide River's alluvial
deposits.

The water impounded from Mapuapua will be carried to a collection tank from
which the conduction to the provincial capital of Cabo Delgado will begin.

Along the conduction line, 50 kilometers in length, there are two sites for

the conveyor storage.

He noted that the city's tanks will be located in the vicinity of the airport.
The water will be carried to that site by means of two elevator stations, one
of which will operate as a "booster."

Engineer Miguel Angel continued the brief, detailed description of the enter-
prise, indicating the route of the duct system, taking pains to corroborate
his statements with topographical charts and technical data. The latter
prompted the reporter to infer that, from the tanks located on the outskirts
of the airport,the water will be provided to the city of Pemba by means of a
distribution line that will include not only the cement area and the suburbs,
but also the city's peripheral districts, namely, Wimbe and Alto Gingone.

Our source said that, during a preliminary phase, the distribution line will
carry the water to an underground well and a tank existing in the city.

When asked to comment on the beginning of the research for the project and all

the information compiled to start the work, Miguel Angel claimed that the
studies date back 8 years.

19



MOZAMBIQUE

MANICA POPULATION SATISFIED WITH NEW TRANSPORTATION FIRM
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Aug 86 p 3

[Text] The provincial director of transportation and communications in Manica,
Eugenio Matsinhe, recently declared in Chimolo that the goals sought at the time
of the creation of the Manica Highway Transportation enterprise (TRM) have been
attained, because, since it came into existence, countless problems affecting
the workers and the population as a whole have been solved. Another problem
considered to be solved now by the founding of the new passenger transportation
firm is that of the TRM workers' back pay.

The new transportation enterprise in Manica Province was created by a merger of
three others, namely, Automotive Trucking, Central Mozambique Highway (ROMOC),
and Urban Public Transport. This merger resulted from the need to solve finan-
cial problems and to ensure its economic profitability.

According to our correspondent in that part of the country, the headquarters of
the new enterprise is operating in the facilities of the former Automotive
Trucking firm because, according to the director of Manica transportation and
communications, it has large shops that will make it possible to do good main-
tenance work on the rolling stock.

With a total fleet of 14 vehicles at its disposal, including passenger and
freight transport units, for inside and outside of the province, TRM also
charges the rate of 50 centavos per km/passenger, a schedule that has been
in effect since the colonial era.

Rate Not Compensatory

Our interviewee claimed that a. proposal has already been prepared to raise the
rate to 1 metical and 50 centavos per km/passenger.

Eugenio Matsinhe explained: "The current prices are not at all compensatory for
us. The rate charged now dates back to the colonial era. Today, one need

only observe the cost of spare parts, fuel, and lubricating oil for vehicles,

as well as payment for the maintenance work. For this reason, we are proposing
new prices to our overseeing agency, and we hope to be enacting new rates within
the next few months."

31



/13046
CSO:

development of the crop.

He explained that
tobacco production declined to
12,500 tonnes in 195 86 compared
to 13.440 tonnes the previous year
because of delays in the distribution
of fertilizer and because of fuelwood:
shortag

ie Ministry and the Tobacco
M: keting Board would improve
fertilizer distribution and the supply
of — fuelwood, — Research was
underway to introduce the ug of
in topacco curing. the Minister

said,

Ndugu Bonini told the House
that seed requirements tor the
coming SON Were estimated at
234K) tonnes.of which 10492
tonnes would be produced by the
Fanzania Seed Company.

The nee would be obtamed
from regional sce farins, he said.

Fertilizer densand during 1940.87

would be 150,000 tonnes against an
estimated supply of 155,500 tones.

This means that we have enor
fertilizer to meet national demand,
What is required | a smooth
distribution system.” pointed out

The Minister said 2.1 million hand
hoes, 1,800 tractors, 54,000 os-
ploughs and 420,000 plough shares:
would be required in 196,57,

He, said 30 million ptinny bags

3400/484

55

were needed for the connny season:
of which only 9.5 million would be
produced locally. Plans were
underway to import the rest.
Ndugu“Bomani said his Ministry
gnated 24 folk developny
s throughout the country to
vers IN Modern techniques.

also running,
Farmers” Training Centres’
at Msolwa,—Bihawana,

Ndugu Bomani
D000 hecta
wnich was being underutilized.
Some 50,000 hectares of the Ruliji
Valley would by brought under
irrigation farmin an a Jott venture
between fanvania and the
Democratic People’s Republic of
Korea (DPRK), he explained.
~ The first phase of the project
involving 1) hectares would
produce maize, paddy, soya beans
and cotton.

Ndugu Bomani asked the House

to_ approve 1 .000,891200/- and
2,367.044,000;-- for his Ministry's
recurrent and development

expenditure, respectively.

fe said 1.465.322,000- of the
development: budget would be in
foreign exchange.



SOUTH AFRICA

N1CRO OFFICIAL URGES BETTER EDUCATION TO PREVENT JUVENILE CRIME

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 13-27 Aug 86 p 6

[Text]

THE 1976 students’
uprising threw the pol-
itics of schooling in
South Africa into. stark
telief.

But the state's lack of
urgency in responding to
the needs of black
schoolchildren has serv-
ed to deepen the crisis in
the classroom -- and this
in turn has fuelled juv-
enile delinquency.

The harvest of official
neglect is a staggerin
86 percent failure an
dropout rate at black
schools in South Africa
(including the "home-
Jands').

Figures compiled by
the SA Institute of Race
Relations show that of
770 835 pupils enrolled
in Sub A of primary
school in 1974, only
107 022 reached matric.

Of these 67 073 sat
the matric exam and
33.073 passed.

National Institute for
Crime Prevention and
Rehabilitation of Off-
enders’ (Nicro) Soweto
Branch co-ordinator, Is-
aac Meletse, "conserv-
atively’ estimates the
dropout rate in Soweto
schools at about 50
percent.

“Reasons for this
drop-out rate include the
type of education given
our children and poor

/13046

CsO: 3400/486

parental control over
them," said Meletse,
who has served Nicro
for 17 years.

He said the problem
would be difficult to ad-
dress until black child-
Ten received free and
compulsory education
and the present socio-
economic system was
changed.

Elaborating, Meletse
said overcrowding in
primary schoo! classes
Meant teachers could not
give children proper
attention; there was a
Jack of facilities to stim-
ulate the child; while
many children started
school late.

“When a child finds
that, classmates are
younger than him/her, it
can only discourage," he
said.

Many parents, he
added, started work
early and returned home
late in the evening.

Often parents were
unable to ensure that the
child was actually going
to school; and on
returning from work,
were too tired to check

school books.

Lack of support both
at home and in the
classroom was a factor
in prompting children to
drop out.

Later, Meletse said,
the child entered a
competitive job market
without skills or
qualifications. "But the
youngster has to sur-
vive. He needs money to
buy cigarettes, take a
girlfriend out to the
cinema or for a drink."

‘These were the roots
of juvenile crime -- a
condition often aggrav-
ated by the penal sys-
tem.

Some youths had no
representation in court
and at a tender age
found themselves im-
prisoned with hardened
adult criminals for up to
three years.

Meletse said blacks
represented 82 percent
of the prison comm-
unity. But he added that
the ‘majority of South
Africans were black'and
that blacks played no

art in making or en-
forcing the laws applied
to them.

Nicro Soweto believes
that the ruling ideology
may contribute to crim-
inality by labelling cer-
tain conduct as deviant.

Those who seek a
meaningful share in pol-
itical decision-making
may find their actions
criminalised.

73

Meletse went on to
Say that SA society was
not homogeneous and
that a significant number
of people -- mostly
blacks -- were disadvan-
taged. This encouraged
crime.

Deprivation in living
conditions, education,
job opportunities, par-
ental supervision and
family structure were
also contributory fac-
tors. Attempts to use
criminal justice to
control black freedom of
movement had also
swelled the prison pop-
ulation.

Nevertheless, Meletse
stressed that 80 percent
of offences were petty
crimes carrying a jail
sentence of under six
months. Research had
shown that most of the
offenders were better
dealt with by social
agencies than by the
criminal justice system.

Meletse suggested
that criminal justice
should take account of
cultural values to lessen
the alienation many
blacks felt. This, he
Said, could also generate
greater respect for the
community, and partic-
ipation and compliance
in law-enforcement.



Jose Pascoal Zandamela also visited the operations room of the Provincial
Directorate of Construction and Water, where he was given explanations of the
various types of manual pumps used to supply water to the rural sections of

the province, as well as the pump and engines used in certain systems providing
this liquid to the district headquarters. He was told that, in view of the
backing that has been provided by UNICEF for the sector, a vast program is under
way in the southern part of the province to dig wells and ditches to improve the
water supply to the population.

In their remarks concerning the opening of the sanitary workshop, the represen-
tatives of CUSO-SUCO, UNICEF, and UDAAS underscored the need for the provincial
government and the Provincial Directorate of Construction and Water to pool
efforts to raise the installed capacity of the enterprise, so as to mitigate
the problems of water shortages for the rural area. population.

The UNICEF representative also expressed his complete satisfaction over the
fact that the financing provided by his agency would be totally channeled to
serve the purpose for which it was allocated.

The governor of Inhambane, Jose Pascoal Zandamela, conveyed in his remarks
appreciation for the understanding shown by CUSO-SUCO and UNICEF toward the
problems being experienced by our country, particularly in the area of this
province's water supply.

He promised that no efforts would be spared by the provincial govenment to make
total use of the installed capacity in the sanitary workshop.

Addressing the workers from the water sector, Governor Jose Pascoal Zandamela
declared that there must be a greater sense of responsibility among the brigades
involved in digging wells and ditches, so that the assistance provided by the
international organizations would be given a suitable response.

Also on the same day, the governor of Inhambane visited the two vessels of
the Inhambane Transmaritime Enterprise which are shut down in Maxixe. Ina
brief dialogue with some workers from the enterprise, Jose Pascoal Zandamela
expressed the concern of the provincial government over the status of the
crossing from Inhambane and Maxixe,:;and vice versa, because of the fact that,
at present, only the ship "Mutamba" is operating to carry passengers between
the two towns.

In view of the problem involving the lack of lumber and some tools for the carpen-
ters engaged in recovering the two stalled vessels, Governor Jose Pascoal Zanda-
meal decided to allocate a truck and a tractor to MADEMO by the end of this

year. These transportation facilities are to be used to ensure the removal of
the lumber essential for the rapid recovery of the ships which are out of service.
He also guaranteed that some missing tools ‘would be provided, for the same
purpose.

The governor of Inhambane instructed the management of the Transmaritime
Enterprise to require greater responsibility of its workers, so as to make
proper use of the enterprise's ships.

2909
cso: 3442/300
25



SOUTH AFRICA

SURVEY SHOWS MASSIVE NEW PLATINUM FIND
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Aug 86 pp 1, 2

[Text]

HUGE platinum deposits,
more than double the size
of South Africa’s known re-
sources, have been located
in the Bushveld Complex by
the government’s. Geologi-
cal Survey department
(GSD).

‘The deposits have been iden-
tified after four years of exten-
sive seismic studies of the ig-
neous rock area containing the
Merensky, chromatite and
UG2 reefs.

The GSD fieldwork has
traced the platinum-bearing
Merensky reef to depths shal- Lis
lower than anticipated. In parts it is only
400m below the surface, stretching to
depths of up to 3km.

The economic value of these deposits
can only be determined once under-
ground samples obtained through
holes have been assayed and evaluated.

" However, new traces of both the reefs
and host igneous rock have been found in

geological formation is where the Rus-
tenburg Plats and Impala minés are lo-
cated. Gold Fields of SA’s new Northam
platinum projected ‘is situated at the
northern tip of the proven western area
of the Bushveld Complex.

Mining rights to the newly-disclosed
platinum areas have not yet been pro-
claimed. Mintek president Aidan Ed-
wards said yesterday he was “very exci-
ted” about the discovery and believed the
mining houses would clamour for the
right to participate.

But data, which could lead to the es-
tablishment of new platinum mines if the
deposits are viable, will only be made
available on open file next month.

3400/487

i CHERILYN IRETON ]

areas reaching from 10km north of Pre-
toria to Thabazimbi, from Lydenburg to
Bethal in the east and in the northern
Potgieterarus distelet.

’ The western outcrop .of hig unique

One of the most rewarding aspects of
the intensive study had been the tracing
of the Mirensky and other reefs to areas
where they were not previously known to
exist, said GSD chief Nok Frick.  -

“New data on the gradient of the reef
has also been collected, showing how the

reef dips and is actually folded in
places.”

Prior to the research the presence of
the Bushveld Complex was unknown in
the Moloto area, roughly north-east of
Pretoria. This could open up other min-
ing possibilities.

91



ANGOLA

NORTH KOREANS REPORTEDLY TO REPLACE CUBANS
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 18 Jul 86 p 50

[Text] Indications that North Korean troops will replace Cubans in Africa,
and especially in Angola and Ethiopia, were reinforced by the recent arrival
in Luanda of a large shipment of combat rifles and other arms from North Korea.

The arrival of these weapons seems to confirm earlier information from secret
service sources that Cuban leader Fidel Castro had entered into a secret agree~
ment with his North Korean counterpart, Kim Il-song, when he visited Pyongyang
in March.

On 11 March, Cuba and North Korea announced that they had signed a 20-year
treaty of friendship and cooperation in the Soviet style, whereby the two
parties agreed mutually to defend each other against foreign invasion or
threats.

At a speech given at the Pyongyang Sports Palace, Fidel Castro disclosed that
the treaty involved a commitment by North Korea to supply Cuba with "100,000
automatic rifles and hundreds of millions of bullets at a reduced price and on

favorable terms."

Cuba's commitments in Africa include at present at least 35,000 soldiers in
Angola and about 5,000 in Ethiopia. Tired of criticism of his foreign ventures
and anxious to encourage South Africa in its promise to hold elections in Nam-
ibia if Cuban troops withdraw from Angola, Castro would like to replace his
troops by North Koreans.

North Korean combat troops began arriving in Angola in 1983, and by mid-1984
there were already over 3,000 there, plus 1,000 military advisors. They have
trained Marxist troops in offensive tactics against UNITA and FNLA forces and,
according to FNLA sources, there are now over 8,000 North Koreans in Angola.

The North Korean Armed Forces, totaling 784,500 men out of a population of
19,600,000, do not have a good reputation because of the repressive nature of
Kim Il-song's regime and his violent and rough behavior abroad.



SOUTH AFRICA

UDF'S PUBLICITY SECRETARY RECALLS ACHIEVEMENTS

Johannesburg THE NEW NATION in English 13-27 Aug 86 p 7

[Text]

"THE UDF grew out of a need
to launch a concerted attack
on the sham _ tricameral
parliament and the its
apartheid base. The massive
efforts on the part of our
activists have successfull
stripped these structures of alll
credibility.

“The momentum of the anti-
tricameral campaign launched
us on a phase of sustained
mass action, We created
mass-based organisations in
areas where none existed.
We initiated structures in
areas where not even the
African National Congress
had a presence.

"We have added about 400
more organisations to our
original list of 600. We
consider this a major
achievement, given the fact
that it is only three years
since our Cape Town
inauguration".

‘These are the words of UDF
stalwart Murphy Morobe,

reflecting on the birth and
meteoric rise of the front.

This rapid growth, and the
threat it poses to apartheid,
have sparked a_ massive
crackdown on the UDF.

Can further action against
the front be expected? "Yes,"
says Morobe. "But they will
have to imprison a nation to
stop us."

74

Although the front's first
major campaign was directed
against the tricameral parl-
fament, it has greatly broad-
ened the scope of its
activity."

Morobe says: “We
committed ourselves to fight-
ing the apartheid edifice at all
levels. We .considered our-
selves as part of the broad
democratic movement waging
the struggle in rural villages,
urban communities, factories
and outside our country at the
international level.

"It is through such activity
that we have been able
destroy the myth the
government has been prop-
agating abroad -- that it
enjoys the support of the
majority.

“The attack on the UDF and
other democratic forces in the
form of the second state of
emergency must be viewed
against this background. To
us the emergency is a
manifestation of the state's
failure to stem opposition."

New grass-roots structures
set up by UDF affiliates in
many townships, allowing for
popular participation, reflect
the society the UDF seeks to
establish, Morobe says.

Examples of such structures
are committees at section:
block, street and even yar
level.



SOUTH AFRICA

MASA SECRETARY-GENERAL: SANCTIONS MIGHT BRING BACK KILLER DISEASES
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 8 Aug 86 p 7

[Article by Joe Openshaw]

{Text ] Sanctions could increase the incidence of tuberculosis and
other infectious diseases in the Jong term and lead to the
reappearance of typhoid, malaria and cholera in areas where
it had been eradicated. 7

This warning was contained in a statement issued in Pretoria by
Dr CEM Viljoen, secretary-general ‘of the Medical Association of
South Africa (Masa).

He said: “Without a sound economy it is impossible to run health
services and the disastrous results for all, rich and poor, black and
white — should the country be forced to its knees economically —
must be obvious for all to see.

“Were such a catastrophe to befall us it would not be reversible
immediately. In fact, if the results ‘of decades of industrious efforts
are destroyed, it would take many years to rebuild them,” Dr
Viljoen said.

‘Economic disaster’

Providing medical facilities depended on the availability of large
numbers of trained staff with equipment that was becoming rapid-
ly more expensive. .

“Governments of Western countries which despite advanced
economies are finding it difficult to afford health services should
have no difficulty understanding this.

“The effect of an economic disaster in this country on the general
well-being of our people, with the loss of individual earning capaci-
ty and resultant malnutrition — already prevalent among certain
groups — and the loss of the State’s ability to supply and extend

wublic health services such as sanitation, water supplies and control
of infectious diseases, would have even more far-reaching effects on
the health of the population than would a breakdown in health ser-
vices as such.”

He said there would undoubtedly be an aggravation of the in-
crease in tuberculosis and other infectious diseases caused by unfa-
vourable living conditions:

“In an extreme situation typhoid, malaria and cholera may again
become pravalent in areas where it at present no longer occurs.”

/13104
cso: 3400/453

80



and cheapest source of supply
when Zambia’s limited stockpiles
run out. South African companies
allow up to three times as long to
pay as other regional suppliers, a
crucial benefit for Zambia’s strain-
ed foreign currency reserves.

Despite this dependency, Zambia
is in a better position to withstand
a South African blockade than
Mozambique or Botswana. Spray
said Botswana is the group’s most
vulnerable member.

‘Botswana is not going to do
anything if it can avoid it. It’s fine
for other people to impose sanc-
tions, but the cost for Botswana
would be phenomenal’.

Botswana was one of the few
“African members which refused to
boycott the Commonwealth Games
in Edinburgh. With Lesotho and
Swaziland, it is tied directly to
South Africa’s economy ‘by a
customs union which allows the
{ree movement of goods across the
border and provides up to 30 per-
cent of Botswana’s income.

Botswana gets 85 percent of its
imports from South Africa. The
mining industry, by far the coun-
try’s most important, is operated
by the giant Anglo American Cot-
poration of South Africa.

Like Zambia, Mozambique suf-
fered for imposing an earlier set of
sanctions against Rhodesia in the
Seventies, and is still paying the
price.

The rebel Renamo army, set up
by the Rhodesians and later taken
over by South Africa, has helped
to bring the economy to its knees.
The UN Food and Agriculture
Organisation (FAO) counts
Mozambique - as well as Botswana
and Angola - among six African
countries still facing exceptional
food emergencies.

Says Richard Moorsom, Oxford *

rescarcher and author of a recent
sanctions report: ‘You could say
the results of the military conflict
make it irrelevant whether sanc-
tions are applied or not, because
people are already dying anyway’.

Apart from the continued
military disruption, which has
destroyed roads, bridges, and
railways despite a non-aggression
pact between Mozambique and
South Africa, Pretoria could hob-

pply Routes in Southern Aftica

Wea!
Ge aa
ht ee

ble Mozambique by expelling its
migrant mine workers, who sent
home 117 million rand in 1983.
Angola has few economic ties to
South Africa and Tanzania would
suffer least from a trade blockade.
It has been in an almost constant
state of war with South Africa or
South African-backed guerrillas
since 1975. Estimates of the
damage run into billions of dollars.
Angola’s oil wealth, which earn-
ed it about $2.5 billion last year,
means it could still afford to join
the sanctions list. But Spray sug-
gests Luanda may refuse for fear
of endangering its US ties.
Chevron, the US oil company
which is the biggest in Angola, has
so far ignored pressure from,
Washington to pull out. Spray sug-

gested Angola will avoid adding
ammunition to Chevron’s critics by
joining the sanctions team.. He
commented: ‘My guess is that
they’re going to try and keep their
heads down’.

Fraser said there is ‘some merit’
in maintaining regional air links
with South Africa despite the for-
mal ban. If future sanctions block
other international carriers from
serving South Africa, Pretoria
would become dependent on the
services of its neighbours.

Said Fraser: ‘If every South
African getting out of the continent
had to go to Harare or Lusaka and
get a Zambian or Zimbabwean
visa, that does give them some
countervailing pressure against
South Africa. Maybe small, but
something’. - Gemini.



- /13104
cso:

3400/493

“While I would not say there
has been a flood of returning
emigrants, there is a steady
flow of enquiries about jobs
from those whose families
have not been able to settle
down in their new environ-
ment,” the managing director
of the consultancy said this
week. ,

“A major problem area seems
to be Australia. We find that
while the men are entirely

* happy in the business environ-
ment, wives and children are
not happy in their domestic
and school circumstances.

“They find Sydney more diffi-
cult to settle down in than
Mebourne or Perth,” he said.

78



MONTHLY SEES THREAT OF ISLAMIC REVOLUTION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Aug 86 p 9

{Text ]

113104

The South African Gov-
ernment has always
claimed that it is facing a
communist threat.

But it now appears the
threat is of a totally dif-j
ferent nature.

According to the
monthly, Africa Events,
the real threat is that of
an Islamic revolution.

Africa Events, goes
so far as to say that an
alliance has been formed
between “Snfluential
groups in Frontline states
and Pretoria’s decision
makers” to combat the
spread of Islam.

“High-level contacts
have been made at vari-
ous venues under differ-
ent guises in recent
years.

“The ‘Islamic menace’
comes from South Africa
and its battle cry is ‘One
solution, Islamic revolu-

cso: 3400/493

89

tion’.

In an article titled
“They Who Have The
Clout”, the magazine said
that “three leading Afri-
can statesmen” were
known to share fears
with Pretoria of an Is-
lamic revolution.

The article claimed
there had been an grow-
ing number of defections
from “the mainstream
South African churches”
and an increase in the
number of those convert-
ing to Islam.

“Slowly but surely, eth-
nic groups hitherto lying
outside the reach of
Islam are now being
drawn into the fold by the
thousands.

“The Zulus are a case
in point. They have con-
verted to Islam in large
numbers and a transla-
tion of the’ Koran into
Zulu had to be made.”

SOUTH AFRICA



“through postal tution have risen
from 20,866 to 28,152 students,
he said.

Intakes for technical colleges
in Dar-es Salaam and Arusha
have been increased by 5.7 per
cent from 1,145 in 1984-85 to
1,210 last year. - Another
stechnical college was under
construction in Mbeya.

The Minister -asked the
National .Assembly to approve
his _mimustry's - estimates of

¢€ iture * ~ amount to’
2,812,700,400/- for the. 1986/87
financial year.’ The- estimates.

include: 2.315.431,400/... recur-
Tent “and -497,269.000/- for
developnient expenditure:

MP's Stress Need

Dar Es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 7 Jul 86 p 3

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text]

recommended

MEMBERS of Parliament have
stressed the need to improve
teaching facilities in primary and
secondary schools ‘to. raise the
standard ot cducatioi.

1986/87

Debating the
estimates for the Ministry of

Education on Saturday, the MPs.

were unanimous that the quality’

of education as well as the
standard of English spoken by
school leavers and ' college
raduates were below form.
Jdugu Bakari Mbonde (Rufifi)
and Abel Mwanga (Musoma
Urban) suggested Te-
introduction of English as a
medium of instruction in schools
to promote usage, of the
language.
idugu Mwanga told the
House that he was alarmed by
research findings that 91 per cent
of primary school leavers did not

. understand English while only

one per cent of Forms One and
Four pupils could understand
subjects taught in English,

He sa r cent of
Forms ix_ pupils

grasped lectures in English,
according to the study. The MP
said it was an open secret that
even university graduates had

difficulty
English:

communicating in

57

The MP
introduction of a six-month
intensive English course for
pupils joining secondary schools,
A course in language _skills
should be taught in Forms. Five
and Six, he added. o

Ndugu Mwanga said _ the
Government should _ provide
adequate English language text

books to — support "the
improvement programme,
which should _ inch oral
examinations in secondary
school.

“. The University of Dar es
Salaam should introduce a post
aduate diploma course . in
English teaching. . i
‘The MP for Lushoto, Ndugu
Raphael Shempempa; supported:
Ministry plans to ‘introduce a
national Standard ~ Four
Examination, to be funded by
Jocal governments, but .was
unhappy. with the huge cost
entailed in the exercise.
‘The money could be put to better
use: in improving the standard of
education, he said. Standard Four
examinations should be.
administered internally by each
school.
~ Ndugu Shempemba commended
plans ry the Hnistry. to introduce
jay secondary schools tn each rey
but cautioned that the expansion of



CLOSER RELATIONS WITH RWANDA PLEDGED

Dar Es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 7 Jul 86 p 1

[Article by Peter Masebu]

[Text]

/13046
cso:

Kigali, Sunday.
TANZANIA and Rwanda have
pledged to work, together, to
rehabilitate. and complete
infrastructure linking the two:
countries.

‘The pledge is contained in a
joint communiqué signed here.
today at the’ end of President
Mwinyi's. three-day state. visit at
the invitation “of President
Juvenal Habyarmana.

‘The two President:
communique
expressed their desire to work
for the maintenance of peace,
security and stability within the
region. and to promote co-
operation based on the policy of
good neighbourliness,

‘They “also expressed _ the
importance they attached to the
promotion and development of
commercial exchanges between
the two countries and recognized
the need to regulate border trade
transactions for the mutual
benctit of their peoples.

On immigration matters, the
two Presidents said ways and
me: had to be found to
facilitate free movement of their
peoples.

The two Heads of State
expressed their commitment to
strengthen regional and sub-
regional institutions as directed
in the Lagos Plan of Action.

“In particular, they stressed
the importance of strengthening
the Kagera Basin Organisation
{KBO) and the Preferential

rade Area (PTA) fi
and Southern fi
communique added.

The two leaders expressed
their commitment to the
promotion and strengthening of
South-South co-operation — in
order to bring about a new

3400/484

53

* President

international economic order
ed on. more equitable and
balanced relations.

‘They welcomed the
progressive awareness shown by
AU member states regarding
the plight of African countries

and developing countries in
general asa rule of tl ling,
international cconomi Ss.
On Southern Africam they
stated that South  Africa’s
destabilisation against

neighbouring | states and _ its
apartheid policy were causiny
deterioration of the region’s
security situati

‘They reaffirmed their support
to the struggling Namibian
masses under SWAPO and
rejected the linkage between
Namibia’s independence and the
withdrawal -of Cuban troops
from Angola.

The two Presidents callea on
the international community to
impose _ effective economic
mandatory sanctions dgainst the
regime as the only’ peaceful
means to bring if ‘to. the
negotiatirig table.

in Western Sahara, the two
Presidents called for the effective
Iementation of the relevant
United Nations and. OAU
resolutions in order to enable the
Sahrawi people enjoy their rignt.

During his visit here
nt Mwinyi and his
delegation joined the Rwandese
people in” yesterday’s tripple
celebrations” to mark — the
country’s 24 ears of
independence, the Uth
atiniversary of Rwanda’s ruling
political Party (MRND) and the
second Republic's 13th
anniversary.

TANZANIA



“Shops are full while people have no
money to purchase goods and no adequate
employment facilities,’ said Chiume, who
has been in exile since Banda expelled him
from the cabinet in 1964.

“That country cannot be a showcase to
me,” he added. Malawi has the highest
rates of infant mortality and adult illiteracy
in southern and eastern Africa. A recent
government survey revealed that a farm
labourer cannot afford to buy a bag of
maize, a staple food, from a month’s pay.

Critics claim the president, who has
always retained the ministerial portfolios
for agriculture and land, controls a third of
the country’s economy through his private
firm, Press Holding Limited. Banda is also
a majority shareholder in the National

Bank of Malawi and the Commercial Bank,

of Malawi. Through his control of land and
the banking system, Banda keeps all Mala-
wians indebted to him, critics say.

“The aura of Malawi’s success in
agriculture and free enterprise is hiding
social and economic injustice on the
ground,”’ said Lesoma head Mwakasu-
ngura. ‘‘The peasants are having a raw
deal. They work ‘to enrich Achikumbe, a
-landowning class of farmers,” he said.

Peasants who grow cash crops like to-
bacco are compelled to sell their produce
at low prices to the Achikumbe or branches
of the government-run Agricultural Deve-
lopment and Marketing Corporation
(ADMARC), Banda’s opponents say. Find-
ing cash crop cultivation unrewarding, pea-
sants drift into the state farms and estates
of the Achikumbe as labourers. Banda-
defuses domestic opposition, by infiltrating
dissident groups his opponents charge.

South-Africa and Israel train Banda’s
young pioneer movement, which acts
against opponents of the regime as though
it were above the law, opponents say. Sur-
rounded by three of the six ‘frontline
states’’ supporting South African national-
ist movements, Malawi has for years done

Pretoria’s bidding in the region, opponents
say. “Banda does not believe that the sur-
vival of Malawi depends on cooperation
with its neighbours. He thinks he is part of
the South African regime,” said Lesoma’s
Mwakasungura.

The Malawian leader has “‘turned the
country into an African political leper and
an external Bantustan of South Africa.””

“Malawi under Banda is a frontline
country without being a frontline state. It
attends Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) meetings with an imperialist dagger
in one hand and a neo-colonialist listening
gadget in the other,’” he said.

The former Malawian minister claimed
that Banda colluded with white-ruled South
Africa and Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, to
beat UN sanctions against them by selling
their products as though they were from

19274
cso: 3400/498

15

Malawi.

Chiume added that he believed there
existed a secret defence pact which allowed
South Africa to use facilities in Malawi, in-
cluding Lilongwe airport, to mount its on-
slaught against the frontline states. How-
ever, Malawi has recently been making
overtures to Tanzania as its transport links
with the outside world have been disrupted
by unrest in South Africa and rebel activity
in Mozambique.

Both states are members of the Southern
Africa Development Coordination Con-
ference (SADCC), which aims to ease the
region’s economic dependence on South
Africa. Communications ministers from the
two countries agreed in April to establish an
interstate transport system, which began
with a highway link.

“One can only interpret this to mean that
Banda has realised that the South African
Boers whom he thought were invincible
have now been reduced to paper tiger by the
youths of Soweto and other parts of South
Africa,”” Chiume said.

“Like all opportunists, he was hunting
with the hounds, but is now trying to run
with the hares,”’ he said. But while sharing
hopes of a rosy future for Malawi after
Banda, the country’s opposition is not
united. Members of the three exiled opposi-
tion groups came together in May 1983,
after the car-crash death of Banda’s rivals
inside Malawi, by forming the ‘‘save
Malawi Committee’? (SAMACO). But at-
tempts to forge a united front have
foundered, largely because of ideological
differences.

Lesoma, which wants a socialist trans-
formation of Malawian society, is the most
radical of the groups. The movement suf-
fered a big blow with the murder of its then
leader Attati Mpakati in the Zimbabwe
capital, Harare, in March 1983.

The CSR and MAFREMO leaders are
considered Banda’s-most senior opponents
because they took part in the struggle
against British colonial rule and were
members of Banda’s,’cabinet before the
1964 crisis. Banda’s main opponent, Henry
Chipembere, who led the splinter group
which opposed Banda in 1964, died in exile’
in the United States.

MAFREMO’s chairman former justice
Orton Chirwa, is serving a life term in
prison in Malawi after being abducted from
Zambia in 1983.

Chiume, despite 22 years in exile here as a
publisher, journalist and. farmer, claims
that ‘‘all attempts by the Malawi dictatoggs
ship to erase my name from the history of
the country have only succeeded in fanning
more and more support and enthusiasm for
our movement.”

He adds: ‘We encourage loyalty to the
party and its ideals rather than to indivi-
duals. Our party is determined to move
away from the personality cult which has
bedevilled politics in Malawi’’. 0



Imam's Denial

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 20 Aug 86 pp 1, 3

[Text] The Chief Imam of Lagos, Alhaji Liadi Alade Ibrahim, said yesterday
that he supported Nigeria's membership of the Organisation of Islamic
Conference (OIC).

He was refuting Press reports that he questioned the justification of
Nigeria's membership of OIC.

Below is the text of the press statement he issued yesterday.

"May I request you to please publish the following denial of a statement on
the 0.1.C. credited to me by the media last Saturday; giving this denial as
much prominence as was given to the alleged statement.

"I refer to the release headed "The 1986 Eid-El-Kabir message" alleged to have
been delivered by me at the Obalende praying grounds last Friday, the 15th day
of August, 1986, and which has been given wide publicity by our national news-
papers in respect of a portion referring to Nigeria's membership of the 0.I.C.

"I deny reading the alleged message at the praying grounds or anywhere else
and I state further that I made no reference to the 0.1.C. issue in my
sermon on the occasion or in any of my various statements to the Press at
various interviews before and on that day as I consider the Federal
Government handling of the matter satisfactory.

"I stand solidly by any original support of our membership of the 0.1.C."
Editor's Note: The DAILY TIMES stands by its story.

/13046
CsO: 3400/462

44



NIGERIA

PRODUCTION OF OWN MILITARY VEHICLES PLANNED
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 22 May 86 pp 1, 13

{Article by Frank Akinola]

[Text] A JOINT production of military vehicles
will soon begin with the Steyr Motor
Company, based in Bauchi.

An agreement to this effect has been
reached and would become operative before
long, Minister of Defence and Chairman,
Joint Chiefs of Staff,

Major General Dom-
kat Bali said in an.

interview in Lagos. produce small arms like
He said at the the 7.62 mm rifles and
moment the company we do produce ammuni-
Rad begun the produc- tions that go along with ,
tion of armoured per- it. So we produce what
onnél carriers for the . we call MM series of
Armed Forces, rifles and ammvnitions
When fully operation- that have to go with the
al, the military vehicles same calibre.
would Be produced not “We intend to expand
only for local uss but the range of ammunition
also for export. which we sre producing.
On the Defence Indus- and we should be able to
tries Corporation (DIC) produce not just the
in Kaduna, General Bali 762 mm but also
stated that there had ammunitions for
been problems with the mortals, artillery and ;
organisation hecause of tanks and hopefully, in’
lack of funds and neglect future ammunitions for
by successive govern- guns on ships” he said:
te tendeney like in He aa ona explo
most cases in Nigeria sives copelally sala
when théte was money, explosives, which are
is to import; and we the ingredients for
were importing things”. ammunition making.
He said the problem at ‘And we should be also
the moment was’ money able to make mortars as
“and this is hampering well as medium sized
our desire to make it reapons””,
more productive.”*

“At the moment, we

/13046
CSO: 3400/462

48



EMIGRATION HAMPERED BY COMMONWEALTH SANCTIONS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 10 Aug 86 p 6

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — South Africans
hoping to emigrate to Austra-
lia or Canada could now find
those country’s local embassy
doors shut in their faces,

This appears to be the effect of
one of the Commonwealth
sanctions agreed to at last
week’s mini-summit.

This means prospective emi-
grants, businessmen and tour-
ists would have to travel to
a third country to apply for
the necessary visas and per-
mits.

One of the sanctions agreed to
by six Commonwealth heads,
but rejected by Britain, was
the withdrawal of consular
facilities in South Africa to all
but their own nationals and
the nationals of countries to
whom ‘they render consular
services.

Among the six heads of gov-
ernment to agree to this sanc-
tion were Mr Bob Hawke of
Australia and Mr Brian
Mulroney of Canada. The
other countries were India,
Zambia, Zimbabwe and the
Bahamas.

The decision by Australia and
Canada is especially signifi-
cant as Australia has become
one of the most sought-after
destinations for South African
emigrants while Canada is
also fairly popular. Most emi-
grants to Zimbabwe are for-
mer Rhodesians.

Spokesmen for both the Austra-
lian and Canadian embassies
in Pretoria this week said
they had not yet received any
clarification from their gov-

ernments on exactly what the |

sanction meant.

Until then it would be business
as usual they said.

If interpreted literally, the

sanction could mean that
‘visas to enter Australia and
Canada will not be issued to
South Africans applying to
these embassies or consulates
in South Africa. .

This could mean that South
Africans hoping to emigrate
to or visit these countries
would have to apply for visas
in a third country.

Of the 1854 people who emi-
grated from South Africa in
May this year; 438 were
bound for Australia which
was the second most popular
destination after Britain with

507.

Canada received 25 immigrants
from South Africa in that
month although in the past
Canada has proved a Mar.
desination for South Africans
leaving their country.

Emigration from South Africa is
increasing rapidly. In the first
five months of this year 6114
people left the country while
3131 immigrants arrived — a
net loss of 2983 people. In the
same period last year there
was a net gain of 5 530.

77

SOUTH AFRICA

Asked whether South Africa
planned to retaliate by ending
consular services for Canadi-
ans and Australians, a spokes-
man for the Department of
Foreign Affairs said the Gov-
ernment could not comment
until the position of the Com-
monwealth countries was
clarified.

Among the other sanctions
agreed to by the six countries,
but not Britain, was a ban
on air links, new bank loans,
uranium, iron, steel and coal
imports, agricultural prod-
ucts, new investment and
reinvestment of profits, taxa-
tion agreements and govern-
ment contracts with majori-
ty-owned South African com-

panies.

Britain is likely to agree to the
expected EEC ban on coal,
iron and steel imports and a
voluntary ban on new invest-
ment and promotion of tour-
ism to South Africa.

Meanwhile some South African
emigrants are finding their
new surroundings do not offer
the improved life they expect-

In fact, says a Johannesburg
management and personnel
consultancy, they are trying
to make their way back after
as little as two months be-
cause life in the “new world”
does not meet their families’
expectations.



Ghanaian Government, with 55 percent. The AGC gold mine, which is located
in Obuasi, approximately 160 kilometers north of Accra, is currently being
modernized and expanded in the framework of a five-year plan. The plan, in
which $158 million are being invested, was initiated in October 1985.

Gold production is projected to reach approximately 400,000 ounces a year
by 1990. The AGC produced 264,345 ounces of gold in 1985, in comparison

to 249,103 in the preceding year, and 216,403 in 1983. The proceeds in
foreign currency for total Ghanaian gold production was $105 million in
1985, as compared to 103.0 million in 1984 and 114.0 million in 1983.

The International Finance Corporation of the World Bank group contributed
$55 million toward financing the five-year plan. A bank consortium headed
by the Standard Chartered Merchant Bank, London, granted.a loan of $32.5
million. The British company Davy McKee (Stockton) recently received a
contract valued at 2.4 million pounds sterling to deliver and install a

gold processing facility.

The SGMC operates three gold mines in Tarkwa, Prestea and Dunkwa, and
operation is to be resumed at its currently inactive mine in Konongo.

The IDA granted a loan of $30 million for renovating the SGMC gold mines,
which are in a deteriorated state. Of this amount, $13 million will be
used to finance a management contract awarded to the Canadian consortium
Canada-Ghana Mining. This consortium consists of the three firms~-Cominco,
Noranda and SNC. In 1985, the SGMC produced only 35,018 fine ounces of
gold, in comparison to 37,785 in the preceding year and 60,114 in 1983.

There are also plans to increase the mining of diamonds, bauxite, and
manganese ore in Ghana. The Ghana Consolidated Diamond Ltd., the only
diamond mining company on an industrial level, expects to increase the
number of diamonds mined in 1986 to about a million carats, as it has
completed expansion plans in the mining region of Akwatia. In the western
part of the country, the Ghana Bauxite Company Ltd. now has the capacity
to export 75,000 tons of bauxite a year. This was made possible by the
completion of repair work on the railroad that leads from Kumasi to the
port city of Takoradi. This also applies to the Ghana National Manganese
Corporation, with its mine in Nsuta, which exported 243,262 tons of
manganese ore in 1984, followed by an increase to approximately 400,000
tons in 1985.

With respect to the tropical lumber industry, there has recently been a
substantial rise in exports of timber and construction lumber. In 1985,
the export of timber increased to 150,000 cubic meters at a value of
$10.5 million, as compared to 73,600 cubic meters($5.8 million) the
preceding year. The export of construction lumber increased to 83,400
cubic meters ($15.2 million) as compared to 57,200 cubic meters ($11.3
million) in 1984, The projected value of all exports for 1986 is $60
million. The revival of the tropic lumber industry can be.attributed
primarily to international financial assistance. Great Britain provided
a loan of seven million pounds sterling; Canada supplied more than

five million Canadian dollars; and more than $28 million came from the
World Bank. In the fall of 1985, the Arab Bank for Economic Development
in Africa, Khartum (Sudan), supplied a loan of $9 million, which is being

10



AIRPORT SURCHARGE ON FREIGHT--The Managing Director of the Nigerian Airport
Authority (NAA), Group Captain Mobolaji Davies, has said that all export and
unaccompanied goods passing through the country's airports will now attract
a surcharge of one kobo per kilogramme. He told newsmen at the Port Harcourt
International Airport on Tuesday, that the measure was to improve the
authority's revenue generation, saying that time time had come for the
authority to look inward for revenue, while reducing areas of waste. The
managing director, who was on tour of facilities at the airport, said that
improved revenue would enable the authority to maintain and improve its
facilities. He said that the authority planned to change most of the under-
ground cables used for electricity supply at the airport. [Text] [Lagos
DAILY TIMES in English 22 Aug 86 p 3] /13046

INDIAN URGES WEAPONS SELF-RELIANCE--Nigeria should, by all means, avoid over
dependence on the developed countries for its military weapons, an Indian
Army General has advised. Lt.-General Hamut Singh of the Indian Army who was
chatting with the Chief of Air Staff, Air Vice-Marshal Ibrahim Alfa in Lagos
said this was one "long, agonising mistake of history India made years past.
He was at the head of a six-man military delegation that called on the chief
of air staff, according to the latest edition of the "Wing Tips," a monthly
journal of the Nigerian Air force. He said the Nigerian Air Force should
consider setting up an aircraft service plant in the country rather than

the current practice of seeking such services abroad. General Singh pointed
out that the advantages of setting up the servicing plant in Nigeria far
outweighed its disadvantages in view of the expertise which could be acquired
by local personnel. Responding, Air Vice-Marshal Alfa explained that the
Nigerian Air Force considered a lot of options available to it. He said
Nigeria and India had long-standing co-operation in various military fields.
He revealed that the Nigerian Air Force was expecting four helicopter pilots
from India soon. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 18 Aug 86 p 1]

/13046

CSO: 3400/462

52



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Verwoerd Says Oranjewerkers Have Regular Contact With AWB
(Hannes de Wet; THE STAR, 20 Aug 86) ..seesececcccccerceres

Verwoerd Discusses Oranjerwerkers' Views of All-White State
(THE STAR, 20 Aug 86) c.esevevceveccecceceveccececcsceeceess

Afrikaner Attitude Toward Human Rights Reflected on Campuses
(Irving Steyn; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 9 Aug 86) ....eeeeeeveeee

Professor Sees National Party Influence Waning
(THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 9 Aug 86) sesscsecccesceeccnsveenseenes

Afrikaner Professors Discuss Right-Wing Differences
(John MacLennan; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 9 Aug 86) ...secseeeece

Private Concerns Buying Police Casspir Vehicles
(Dan Side; THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 Aug 86) ..ccccveeseoreceeees

Briefs
Government Aid for Crossroads

BLACKS

Nicro Official Urges Better Education To Prevent Juvenile Crime
(THE NEW NATION, 13-27 Aug 86) ..

UDF's Publicity Secretary Recalls Achievements
(THE NEW NATION, 13-27 Aug 86) ..

Briefs
Rural People Launch Nopeco
‘People's Center' Planned
Black Crisis Center Swamped

SOCLOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Emigration Hampered by Commonwealth Sanctions
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 Aug 86) ....

Emigration Heaviest Among Professional, Technical Workers
(THE STAR, 20 Aug 86) .....--

Masa Secretary-General: Sanctions Might Bring Back Killer Diseases
(Joe Openshaw; THE STAR, 8 Aug 86) ....ceseeeeeeeee

Government's Proposed New Townships North of Sandton Described
(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 10 Aug 86) ...

-da-

63

64

65

67

68

71

72

77

79

80

81


that the reform process is the "

only answer. And people be-
lieve it ”.

This message is reinforced
by his wife, Anna, who is the
Volkswag’s executive secre-
tary and daughter of one of
grand apartheid’ architects,
former
drik Verwoerd.

“The Afrikaner is being Biv
en information on the drip
method. He has to depend on
rumours and leaks. The Gov-
ernment will not come out
with a bald announcement
that this or that is going to
happen. The Afrikaner should
be properly informed so he
doesn't go blindly over the
cliff.

“The Afrikaner worked
body and soul for what he is.
That was what the Great
Trek was all about, but today

he is giving his sovereignty

away.”

ROFESSOR Hercules

Booysen strikes a body
blow to right-wing aspirations
in admitting that the CP and
the HNP cannot achieve unit)
on what are fundamental pol-
icy differences. But even if
the right wing is split, he
claims, it is growing.

Among the reasons, he
says, is that political reform
has not brought peace, pros-
perity or satisfaction among

lacks.

At the same time, he notes,
whites are feeling threatened.
With apartheid, the “threat”
was always present. With the
removal of apartheid, the
danger to whites has become
much more obvious.

He believes the drift to the
right will also increase be-
cause the whites will receive
a smaller slice of the eco-
nomic cake.

Finally, he detects a cultur-
al alienation between the
Government and the Afrika-
ner. “The Government no
longer articulates the politi-
cal aspirations of the
Afrikaner.”

He concedes that the Boer
republic idea raises all sorts
of imponderables, but says:
“This is long-term planning.
Let's not break our heads
over something which still
has to be created.”

rime Minister Hen-

He says that the entire con-
cept might sound whacky but
that the principles of a Boer
republic Rave een tried suc-
cessfully elsewhere: “Look at
the French Canadians. Look
at the Israelis. They just went
in there with guns and shot it
out to establish a homeland.”

It is this unspecified threat
which gives an organisation
such as the Afrikaner Weer-
standsbeweging an aura as
immediate as the African Na-
tional Congress's alternative
of violence. .

HE AWB wants a Boer re-

public but none of its
spokesmen is willing or able
to tell you exactly how he in-
tends obtaining it, Professor
Alkmaar Swart, who is chair-
man of the AWB’s ‘advisory
council — in effect a think-
tank — speaks of a “freedom
battle” but will not be drawn
on the nuts and bolts of this
fight.

Who will the AWB fight?
How will it fight? These are
the questions its members
will not and dare not answer.

Professor Swart, saying
that he is speaking in his per-
sonal capacity, warns that
“Boer resistance will be trig-
gered by a black takeover”.

His organisation envisages
a future in which there would
be no party politics, and can-
didates would be elected indi-
vidually on merit, as in the
old republics.

Blacks would be allowed to
work in the new Boerestaat,
but they would not have
rights; the government of the
day would encourage their
departure from white areas
by introducing such incen-
tives as housing allowances
and higher salaries in neigh-
bouring territories.

IS sentiments are remi-

niscent of Winston Chur-
chill: “A Boerevolk exists no-
where else in the world and
we will not stand under the
heel of a black government.
We will fight for our freedom
as our forefathers did.

“The whole world must
know this. If we get driven
into a corner we will offer ac-
tive resistance. We will fight
back. We will not surrender.”

69

He has full confidence that
the Afrikaner can go it alone.
“He has the knowledge, the
entrepreneurship and ability
to set up a Boerestaat. If the
Israelis can do it in the de-
sert, then so can we. We will
be able to feed it, we have nu-
clear power and we will be
able to defend it.”

Other whites in the Boer
republic would have to assist
in the “freedom battle” and
would be regarded as aliens if
they were not prepared to
join the AWB’s cause.

ROFESSOR Willie Lubbe,

a Nederduitse Gerefor-
meerde Kerk pastor who
teaches classics at Unisa,
brings to light yet another
erack in the right wing. He
speaks of the split among the
Afrikaner churches which, un-
til recently, have provided
support straight from the
Gospel for the Government's
apartheid policy.

The NGK’s General Synod
in 1982 was in favour of such
legislation as the Mixed Mar-
riages Act; its political views
were embodied in the Ras,
Volk en Nasie report.

Since then, the Government
has changed the rules and Af-
rikaner thedlogians are now
having to re-read the Bible to
justify the reform policies.

Prof Lubbe understands
this requires an in-depth, re-
writing task, and that this has
to be completed before the
next Synod in October. He is
worried that the Gospel is to
be watered down, specifically
in relation to the church's tra-
ditional views on apartheid.
“We feel there are distortions,
and false political notes are
now being sounded.”

It is for this reason that he
and others in all three Afrika-
ner churches — the NGK, the
Gereformeerde and the Her-
vormde — have started an
organisation known as Bybel
en Volk. He says hundreds
have joined and that the
membership is growing.

“The church view used to
go along with the Govern-
ment’s policy of separateness
(afsonderlikheid). People
should live, work and worship



MOZAMBIQUE

WELL-PRODUCING WORKSHOP IN INHAMBANE INAUGURATED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 13 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] Last Saturday, in the town of Maxixe, in Inhambane, a sanitary workshop
was opened with a capacity to produce 80 wells per year, the construction of
which has been financed by UNICEF and the Canadian non-governmental organiza-
tion CUSO-SUCO, which undertook to provide cement, iron, and metal trusses, as
well as shop tools and equipment to be used to install and recover manual water
impounding pumps. and pump and engines. Moreover, the provincial government of
Inhambane made available a sum amounting to approximately 3,975 contos for the
construction of the workshop, which will also be used to train well operators
and pump assistants.

The enterprise now opened will. be used jointly by CUSO-SUCO, UNICEF, and
Community Aid Abroad, which have financed the activities for. the rural water
supply in the central and southern sections of Inhambane Province with a sum
totaling $1,992,600.

CUSO-SUCO has also assigned its personnel to render technical assistance in
the work to be carried out at the sanitary workshop.

The opening ceremony was headed by Governor Jose Pascoal Zandamela, and was
attended by other members of the provincial government and representatives
from CUSO-SUCO, UNICEF, and NDAAS.

After cutting the ribbon, Jose Pascoal Zandamela visited the workshop facili-
ties, receiving explanations regarding the activities to be carried out in

them.

He later went to the Chambone district, where a manual pump is installed with
a capacity to impound 13 cubic meters per hour, and which is supplying nearly
5,000 families. In view of the critical situation that certain districts of
Maxixe have been experiencing with their water supply, the governor of Inham-
bane instructed the Provincial Directorate of Construction and Water to provide
for this town with the installation of more manual pumps.

Moreover, that party and state leader stressed the need to explain to the

residents of the Chambone district the correct use of the pump installed there,
so as to ensure its greater durability.

24



PROFESSOR SEES NATIONAL PARTY INFLUENCE WANING

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 9 Aug 86 p 13

[Text]

TH mighty Nat machine
has broken down...

Voters are either disillu-
sioned or have left the party.
But the right wing still only
has a chance — assuming it
can paper over its differences
— of becoming. the next offi-
cial opposition.

This is the view of Profes-
sor Willem Kleynhans, head
of the Department of Politics
at the University of South Af-
rica and one of the few com-
mentators who can base his
opinions on personal re-
search,

“In the past the Nats have
been able to depend on many
thousands of enthusiastic vol-
unteers to tramp the streets,
convince the waverers, ar-
range transport, tracé miss-
ing voters and arrange postal
votes,” he says. “Today that
machine has disappeared.

“Nat voters have reached a
stage where many don’t even
attend public meetings, in
spite of appeals, and are
pared to allow their leaders
to be humiliated.”

HIS loss of support re-

cently induced the Na-
tional Party to fight a munic-
ipal election in one of
Pretoria’s most verligte areas
— which could be expected to
back reform — under its col-
ours. The Nats were promised
2.500 votes, but polled only
1100, and the CP 700. .

He believes the right wing
does not pose a problem
while it is splintered, but that

/13046
csO: 3400/465

it will wipe the floor with the
PFP in the next elections.
The HNP, believing President
PW Botha will call a snap
election at the Nat Federal
Congress in Durban next
week, is working for a poll in
November.

According to Professor
Kleyiihans’s figures, the CP
can win 45 seats while the
PFP will get about 30. The
danger for the Government
is: “This creates a bandwagon
effect. The Government will
have a loser’s image. Then it
is just a question of time.”

This all places the Govern-
ment in a near-impossible sit-
uation, for it cannot capture
the right wing’s platform. At
the same time, the right wing
is hijacking the Afrikaner cul-
tural heritage — once the
sole preserve of the NP — for
political ends. —

The Volkswag is already

. planning celebrations for the

150th anniversary of Blood
River and has put up a
R15 000 prize for the best
book on the subject. Institu-
tions like the Federasie van
Afrikaanse Kultuurvereen-
inge, the church and the vari-
ous “volk” get-togethers are
all subjects of political wran-
gling.
Foe example, right now
there is fighting over

who is going to be able to run -

the next official Day of the
Covenant celebration at the
Voortrekker Monument.

This lost support will not
be made up by the English
vote. Professor Kleynhans

67

SOUTH AFRICA

says bluntly: “English pol
eal support in South Africa
means nothing. A party that
depends on English support is
a party doomed. English-
speakers are not politically-
minded. Very few become so
interested that they become
card-carrying members. They
won’t do the hard work to
bring a party to power.”

He sums up the situation:
“Many people who have tra-
ditionally voted Nat fear they
will be swamped by blacks.
They will become extinct af-
ter being swamped socially,
politically and economically.

“This is a fear that domi-
nates their political and reli-
gious thinking. These same
fears were used by the Nats
to come to power. The Gov-
ernment is keeping a few
non-negotiables such as the
Group Areas, but Conserva-
tives say they have removed
too many of the safeguards
already. What remains will
not do the trick.”

He believes the trigger for
the calling of elections will be
fighting. in opposition ranks.
“This will enable the Govern-
ment to cut its losses to a
minimum.”

Another factor is that elec-
tions were due in April this
year, but the Government ex-
tended its term of office when
the tricameral system was in-
stituted. “The fact that the
Nats have not had elections is
eating at their credibility be-
cause many critics are saying
they do not have a mandate.



Editorial Mentions Problems

Dar Es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 9 Jul 86 p 1

[Text]

EVERY year at this time of
the year, the Minister for
Education is subjected to a
lot of questioning by Mem-
bers of Parliament about
how our education system is
adapted to the kind of soci-
ety we are trying to build.

And quite often, the MPs
questioning may not be
wholly rational, but all the
same the question of educa-
tion in our society cannot be
set aside.

It, is sensitive, because
from start we have recog-
nized that the foundation for
our society must be laid in
the schools. To this end, we
launched in 1967 the Educa-
tion for Self-Reliance policy.

Briefly, Education for
Self-Reliance is part and
parcel of a wider education
revolution to make schools
particularly relevant to most
of our primary school pupils
who will not be selected for
secondary education.

Education for  -Self-
Reliance, for example,
states: On a school farm,
pupils can learn by doing.
The important place of the
hoe and other simple tools
can be demonstrated; _

“The advantages of,
improved seeds, of simple
ox-ploughs, and of proper

113046
CSO: 3400/484

husbandry can become obvi-
ous; and the pupils can learn
b¢ practice how to use these
things to the best advan-
tage.”

This was the lofty ideal.
Nineteen years later, the still
very pertinent question is:
How much of this has bee
translated into reality? ~

The answer became obvi-
ous as early as the first five
years of launching the Self-
Reliance policy. Students of
our cducation experience,
and there were many, noted
a number of snags.

Many of the ideals set in
Education for Self-Reliance,
they observed, had fallen by
the wayside in the very first
years of explosive educa-
tional expansion. It is on this
basis that adjustments have
had to be made whenever
necessary.

Considering that there
were much less schoul-age
children. in our primary
schools during the first half
of the 1970s, one can vis-
ualise the difficulties in our
education today when 100
per cent of all school-age
children are in schools fol-
lowing the 1977 Universal
Primary Education (UPE)
Programme.

60

This advance into UPE, is
certainly a part of the
crowning success of the
country’s social services sec-
tor, and indeed all the more
the ‘reason to work for the
implementation of Educa-
tion for Self-Reliance.

Unfortunately, things
have not worked that way.
The rapid expansion has had
its toll on the teaching stan-
dards’ as well: as’ facilities
required to advance pupils
to either complete primary
education or qualification
into secondary education for
the lucky few.

The question that the
nation must address fully is
not-so much the failing stan-
dards. of English, as many
are prone to argue, rather
why we are falling to trans-
late into practice the ideals.
of Education’ for Self-
Reliance. : :

The institutional struc-
ture within the Ministry of
Education that still gives a
lot of weight to educating for
qualification — new day sec-
ondary schools, but less voc-
ational schools — is as much
to blame as are parents
attitudes that are against
primary schooling being an
end in itself. .



It is known that two of the wells will be used to supply water ‘to the Chaman-
culo general hospital, a unit which has suffered from a water shortage for a
long time.

According to sources associated with the Maputo Water.Enterprise, the project
will have a great social impact, considering the number of people benefiting
from the program.

Up until now, the districts covered by this program have been facing, water
supply problems, because the fountains that ‘have existed in some of those
districts since the colonial era are for the most part. shut down, lacking in
technical assistance, owing to the lack of parts for repairs on the domestic
market.

The contract for the digging of the 20 wells for water supplies was signed in
November 1985 between the People's Republic of China and our country.

2909
csO: 3442/300

17



SWAPO SAID TO BOUNCE BACK:

NAMIBIA

10,000 ATTEND RALLY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Aug 86 p 10

[Article by Brendan Seery]

[Text]

Surrounded by a sea of people raising their
fists skyward in the Black Power salute,
Swapo’s secretary for foreign affairs, Mr
Nico Bessinger, was elated. .
“This is a milestone in the struggle for
Namibian independence,” he at an

emotional crowd of about 10000 people’

jammed on to a dusty sports field in
Windhoek’s Katutura township.

That was the scene at the weekend when
Swapo held its first legal meeting in the
territory in the past five years. The
organisation drew one of the biggest crowds
yet seen in Windhoek.

The gathering also lured Swapo supporters
out from their closets where they have been
keeping a low profile. Assured that the police
and security forces would not intervene,
people openly paraded their support for
Swapo, wearing the organisation’s colours of
red, green and blue on a variety of scarves,
berets, T-shirts, sweaters and dresses.

Although a newspaper report gave
prominence to allegations of intimidation,
there was no evidence that large sections of
the crowd had been press-ganged into
attending.

On the contrary, most people applauded
speakers enthusiastically, and joined in the
singing of Swapo songs. In some groups,
there was spirited dancing to the amplified
sound of local band Heroes, which provided
the Soul beat for the occasion.

There was little doubt in the minds of the
journalists present that the people of
Katutura were giving an unqualified “yes” to
Swapo and that the organisation is still the
unchallenged frontrunner in any genuine
independence election.

For the past five years, Swapo inside
Namibia has been relatively inactive, largely
because it had been unable to hold public
meetings.

34

Under the Prohibition and Notification of
Meetings Act, as well as the Riotous
Assemblies Act, the authorities consistently
refused to grant the organisation permission
to hold political rallies.

On many occasions, there were
confrontations between diehard Swapo
Supporters and police ordered in to break up
the gatherings. A number of court cases were
brought against Swapo members and the
organisation’s local leadership following
some of the incidents.

At the start of July, however, the Supreme
Court in Windhoek ruled that charges against
a number of Swapo officials under the
Prohibition and Notification of Meetings Act
be withdrawn.

The judgment stated that the termis of the
Act applied only to those organisations which
have as their “sole purpose” the violent
overthrow of the existing government. This
was not true in the case of Swapo, the court
decided.

A further ruling by the court — that Swapo
needs only to notify a magistrate 24 hours in
advance of future meetings — opened the
way for the weekend’s massive turnout,
which was a significant propaganda victory
for the organisation.

But Swapo could very well find it difficult
to translate the wave of support at Katutura
into solid results.

Mr, Bessinger and other members of the
executive have a long way to go before
the excited shouts of “AK 47” and “Bazooka”
at Katutura can be welded into something so
powerful it will, in his own words, “destroy
the Boers”.

Namibians have often been criticised for
their apparent lack of commitment to their
own struggle and their lack of radicalism
compared with that of South Africa’s
township dwellers.



PLANS OUTLINED TO MAKE COUNTRY SELF-SUFFICIENT IN FOOD

Dar Es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 4 Jul 86 pp 1, 3

{Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text]

THE MINISTRY of Agriculture
and Livestock Development
yesterday outlined plans to make
the country self-sufficient in food
by 1995 and to boost cash crop
production under the economic
recovery programme.

Presenting the — 1986/87
estimates, the Minister,
Ndugu Paul Bomani, told ‘the
National Assembly in Dar es
Salaam that 336,500 tonnes .of
food woutd be during
the year compared to 278,058
tonnes harvested in 1985/86.

‘He said most parts of the
country would get. good food
harvest“ next season except
Irin North which has been hit

ought, as well as Mpwapwa, |
Dodoma. Kilosa South,, Same,
Mwanga, Shinyanga. East,
Maswa West and Jeut ga North,
which received inadequate rains.

He told the House that his
Ministry proposed to spend
2.3bn/— on development projects
during 1986/87, over 50 per cent,
of which would finance irrigation
farming, 5 and. livestock

reeding, pest Control, provision
of-food storage facilities, food
processing and research and a
chicken grand parent stock
project.

e Minister said production
of sisal, cashewnut, cotton,
coffee and other cash crops

54

would be increased. Coffee
production would level at 49,000
tonnes this season compared to
53,400 tonnes last season
because of pesticides shortage.
Ndugtt Bomani said adequate
funds had been set aside to buy
Pesticides for the 1986/87 season.
le said the Government was
constructing coffee curing plants
in Mbinga in Ruvuma and Mbozi
in Mbeya to avoid transportation
nf the crop for curing in Moshi.
The Minister told MPs that the.
World Bank, which is financing a
coffee. improvement _pro-
gramme, had shown interest
in the development. of -cotton
whose production fell to 200,000

bales. in 1985/56 from 286,610
bales the previous year. *

le said 19,700 hectares of sisal
estates had so far been planted with a
fresh crop to replace aged plants.
Another 3,000 hectares would be
he added.
nine sisal
old to. private

rejuvenated in 1986/57.
Ndugu Bomani
estates have been s
farmers and three others were
handed over to villages facing land
shortage.

Eight other estat
be floated to tender
he added:

He said the Tanzania Sisal
Authority (TSA) would — be
restructured to reduce bureaucracy
impeding the

‘on sale. would
once again,

which was

TANZANIA


The "demarches" were directed by Eduardo Mondlane University, with a 20-year
projection and to serve a population estimated at the time -as being 60,000
persons.

According to the study, the latter would be situated in localities which are
on the route of the conduction line, namely, Metuge, Mieze, and Morrebue.

Noting the daily volumes of water planned for the two constant phases of the
project, Miguel Angel said that the first one, with a 10-year projection,

will equip the system to produce the liquid at a rate of 400 cubic meters

per hour, representing 9,600 cubic meters per day; and the second,for 670 cubic
meters of water, will provide 16,000 cubic meters per day.

Description of the Participants

In response to a question about the current phase of the negotiations started
by Mozambican government agencies, national and foreign companies, and inter-
national agencies, NOTICIAS' interviewee claimed that part of the work began
in 1980, when GEOMOC dug six wells.

"Later, this project started up with native investments and. capacities," remark-
ed the project director. As he explained, difficulties of various types not
dissociated from the national socioeconomic situation hampered the work which,
"a priori," already had the approval of the political and governmental entities

on the most varied levels.

He went on to say that it was. then opted to contact agencies of the widest
variety in order to accrue dividends from the agreements on international
cooperation for the main component that existed, the financing for the project
to supply water to the city of Pemba.

So, the Italian Government, through the Joint Italy~Mozambique Commission for
Cooperation pledged that it would finance the project and create conditions
for its execution. For example, Italy provided its amount in convertible
currency, which is one of the components of the foreign share for equipment
and materials for the construction and installation, and technical guidance
for the project contractor. ‘

The subject of our interview focused in detail on the various alternatives
available for the contracting and inspection of the work. The Ministry of
Construction and Water is represented by the National Water Directorate.

The Cabo Delgado Integral Construction enterprise (CICAD) and the Major Engineer-
ring Construction enterprise (CETA) are the contractors for the project, and

the inspection will be incumbent on the National Water Directorate itself.

The techncial-administrative assistance will be provided by Italian cooperants
integrated into the Muratori & Cementisti Cooperative (CMC) of Ravenna, who

will reinforce CICAD and CETA. Another external component in the project is

the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which is also a coparticipant in

the project.

20



(2) The ANC’s claims.
If political institutions are built-up
through local and regional blocks, it is un-
likely that any single party would acquire
overwhelming support.

Moreover, the fact that a particular
party becomes the government of the day
does not mean that its policy thereby auto-
matically becomes the practice of the na-
tion. As in any democracy, but more so
because of the added comprehensiveness
of the democratic process here envisaged,
the implementation of government policy
is subject to the practicality of relation-
ships with the multitude of other and less-
er points of social order.

There are people who say that the ANC
cannot be expected to go along with this
kind of structure when it appears to enjoy
the prospect of ultimately acquiring total
power via revolutionary means.

My view is that you certainly can be
expected to go along with it, not only be-
cause you presumably do not relish the
thought of years of turmoil and collapse
while the revolutionary process is fought
out, but also because your legitimate
quest is for liberation and not for ANC
ascendancy.

I believe that if you were to indicate
that you were willing in principle to par-
ticipate in a democratic process which
makes it effectively impossible for any
faction to wield power other than subject
to the constraints imposed by the fullness
of democracy, the scepticism attached to
such a system would be replaced by the
possibility of its being fully explored.

I would be grateful if you would set out
your attitude in this respect.

(3) Socialism.

Some socialists wish to introduce a socia-
list economy by democratic consent.
Others, including some who claim to be
democrats, object to the prospect of the
peaceful introduction of a full-scale de-
mocracy on the grounds that it reduces
the likelihood of achieving a pure socialist
society.

My understanding is that democracy
enables socialist and non-socialist factions
to compete freely on a legitimate political

foundation, and that there are no valid
grounds for socialists to refuse to partici-
pate in a structure which enables them to
freely seek their goals on a democratic

base.
Would you please comment?

87

(4) Racism.

The comprehensive democracy I envisage
allows local communities to make deci-
sions about their own communities, within
the tolerance of the democratic society as
a whole.

This is a vital plank in the attempt to
make the democratic process thorough.
and is the basis of the possibility of white
society reaching the point of willingness to
cease its fight against democracy.

It has two crucial features. One is the
re-assurance contained in the expectation
of local communities being able to deter-
mine their own internal affairs. The other
is the prospect of local and regional
power-bases becoming bricks in the over-
all structure of the comprehensive exer-
cise of power.

The question arises whether this local
right should include the right for a com-
munity to discriminate in terms of rights
of residence, etc.. My belief is that it
should, for the following reasons:

@ A person’s desire to live among others
of the same language and background
may be racist in the strict sense but
should be distinguished from racism as it
is usually understood, which is as a weap-
on of oppression, and which is not applica-
ble in a democratic society.

In principle, it is appropriate for sub-
sidiary units within a democratic society
to be able to determine their own flavour,
within the operation of the democracy as a
whole.

@ If racism is to be materially removed
from South Africa’s future, this will be by
the political system removing the factors
which create it, ie fear and insecurity,
rather than by trying to legislate it out of
existence.

In asking you whether a democratic sys-
tem along these lines fulfils your criteria
for participation, I am not asking you to
accept racism, any more than for instance
participation by the Labour Party in the
British constitutional process implies that
it accepts Thatcherism.

My suggestion instead is that the pro-
spect of entrenching democracy to a parti-
cularly large extent contains the seeds of
the possibility that the government might
accept the principle of establishing a sin-
gle common society, and the long-awaited
process of negotiation over what you have
called the modalities of transfer of power
to the people might come to pass.



MAJORITY SAID ‘TO FAVOR ELECTING GOVERNNENT

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 22 Aug 86 p 10

[Article by Gwen Lister in the "Political Perspective" column]

[Text ]

WHAT HAS BECOME known as the ‘numbers game’ is now
‘a popular ‘sport’ among Namibians of different political per-
suasions. On virtually every day of the week, one can open the
Afrikaans language mouthpiece of the interim government and
find, among the abundance of disinformation and propagan-
da, references to the number of people who attended thé Swapo
gathering some weeks ago.

And still they get their numbers wrong, despite the expense of a
plane hired at the cost of the taxpayer, in an attempt to bolster their
claim that a meagre 4000 people attended the meeting.

On Sunday Swapo will be holding a Namibia Day rally, and I
presume once again the pro-interim government groupings, such as
the army, police, SWABC and other government mouthpieces, will
club together for ‘aerial surveillance’ of the gathering. Why they don’t
just save the taxpayer the expense and attend the meeting themselves,
is beyond comprehension.

THE ‘NUMBERS GAME’ WILL CONTINUE NEXT WEEK

BUT THERE is no doubt that the ‘numbers game’ will continue next
week after the Swapo meeting has been held.

Mr Dirk Mudge, DTA Chairman, recently held up an aerial
photograph (taken incidentally in the early hours of the afternoon
when the last Swapo rally was held, and before the whole crowd had
assembled) at a meeting in Gobabis, to ‘prove’ to his audience that
the number who attended was 4000.

One wonders why the DTA, and Mr Mudge in particular, bothers
to go to such lengths when in their opinion, Swapo does not enjoy
majority support in this country.

And he would have looked foolish if Swapo speakers held up a
photograph of the attendance at that same meeting he addressed in
Gobabis.

‘And if ‘the numbers game’ is so important to the DTA, then why
don’t they hold another rally in Katutura, so that comparisons bet-
ween the attendance at their rallies, and those of Swapo, can be drawn?

‘PULLING THE WOOL OVER THEIR EYES’'’-

ALL THAT Mr Mudge and his colleagutes succeed in doing, in
spreading such disinformation, is lulling the ‘whites’ and other con-
servative groups, into a false sense of security.

41

NANTLBIA



lose their homes — many of
which are still in-the process
of being built.

Mrs Joey Koekemoer lives
in a beautiful thatched home
on 30 ha right in the middle of
the planned township. She was
shocked when she heard the
news on Friday.

“We were flabbergasted.
We always thought we were
in a green belt area that
would never be developed.
Our idea was to retire and
make milk products. We were
going to build a cottage here
and still enjoy life. What do
we do now? I could never live
in the city.”

Also living on the threa-
tened 3.900 ha site are Louise
and And: ew Balfour.

“We are so upset we cannot.
tell you, was: Mrs Balfour’s
anguished response. “We were
the first white people to move
here 15 years ago and we
don't want to leave. I feed the
wild birds here and want my
children and grandchildren to
go on feeding them. We have
11 animals and our children
ride the donkeys in the veld
and have a free life here.

“I am no racist. But I just
don’t want people of: any co-
Jour living near me.

“I want to be able to sit on
my patio and knit and sec the
open veld. I don’t believe in
townships and black locations.
The whole of South Africa
should be made multiracial.
‘We-can-all work and live to-
gether.”

Mrs Balfour's neighbour,
Mrs Verreira’s response was:
“Tough! Everyone will be in
the middle of it anyway. even
those living in Kensington.
What do I care? I've only just
moved here so I don’t want to
talk about it.”

Residents of Laezonia
which borders the site are
even more horrified by the
news as they believe they will
never be able to sell their
property now.

Close to tears, Mr Koos
Eloff, surveyed the home he
has not yet finished building,

“There will be no one in-
terested in these properties
that is for sure,” he said. “We

82

will never be able to sell up
now. And once there is a
township we wouldn't be able
to go away for the weekend
without fearing what we will
come back to,

“I would rather have been
inside the designated area so
they could have bought me
out and I could have left.”

As well as feeling trapped,
these residents say a massive
township development like
this would make insecurity
part of their lives.

“It would mean the school
bus having to go through the
black area, and that would not
be safe for our children, There

.Wwould be a steady stream of

people going by our houses.”

Mrs June Mariani said she
and her husband “are not
happy. .

“It was nice and peaceful
here,” she said. “Now we will
suffer from the criminal ele-
ment. But we are old now, my
husband should have retired
already. But he hasn't finished
building this house yet, and we
have no choice but to stay.”


Ndugu Makweta. while con-
ceding that the sector, like many
others, was facing problems
stemming from the country's
economic constraints. said he
was encouraged that during the
Past. four vears his Ministry had
not grappled with any students
unrest.

He said in many boarding
schools, students have had to go
without meat, beans and other
foods because of. numerous
economic problems but it was
encouraging that they (students)
understood the situation the

country was facing and behaved -

as mature persons.

The Minister paid glowing tri-
bute to Sweden for the assistance
it has extended over the vears to
the Government through provi-
sion of papers. vehicles and
other educational equipment
and materials. -

__ He said the country’s success
in the education sector was to a
great extent due to the Swedish
Government's assistance. Swe-
den had been providing almost
90 per cent of paper used for
educational purposes in the
country, he added.

On charges about falling edu-
cation standards in the country,
Ndugu Makweta said it was dif-
ficult to substantiate them not so
much because the Ministry was
being defensive, but because
criteria had to be established for
any meaningful criticism.

He said the Ministry agreed
only with criticism that “we have
not attained our target” because
of lack of teaching facilitics
including equipment and desks.

However, if the fall in educa-
tion standards is pegged on
English language, then that was
another case altogether, he
argued.

However, the Minister said
studies had shown that English
taught from Form One to Form
Three was the best and had sur-
passed that which used to be
taught during any other period
many have tried to compare to
whenever they spoke of falling
standards of English.

Ndugu Makweta told the
House that starting November
this year, experts will come in
the country to conduct special
English courses for teachers who
will be teaching in secondary
schools and colleges ready for
full fledged English lessons for
all secondary schools beginning
January, next year. .

He said as a nation, Tanzania
cannot escape responsibility to
teach English in her schools.
“For English is not colonialism
nor is it a property of onc
nation”, he said.

The country’s problem was
basically that’ of development
and this could be attained by
lcarning English and other

Ndugu Makweta commended
teachers for persevering in their
jobs despite the many problems
they faced. He slated-those who
seemed to see nothing good from
the teachers and were quick at
only finding faults. He suggested
that teachers needed assistance
and not undue criticism.

On suggestions that the
school-age should be raised to
ten years so that by the time a
child. completed Standard One
should be old enough to embark
on agricultural work when not
selected for secondary educa-
tion, the Minister said that was
unacceptable as the child's for-
mative years were between zero
and eight years. .

The Ministry’s estimates —
2.315.431.400/- for recurrent
and 497,269,000/- for develop-
ment expenditure — were pas-
sed by the House.

59



yen EROBURG
tors Mane as NEW BLACK .
ay a ne a0 j
. ee Taverner Paveweane
Sew fone “von heves oadinen Ny JORAND t
) ee say
ee ay
L. 4
CA ALY \\j 8
shoo
“" EXANDRA AK

Ao \
it oi, 1S

j tL -
» fling <a

>
4

ENNERDALE

(EY oN

LOCATION ... of the new townships — a possibly multiracial Cosmo City
. ‘and a black township on the farm Diepsloot — north of Sandton.

/13046

cso:

3400/485

83



There is every indication that the drought situation will be surmounted, because
of the fact that the action undertaken has been in the proper direction, namely,
the rehabilitation of all economic activity in the stricken regions. However,
the effort of the population affected by the drought in that activity has been
a deciding factor in the current situation because, without it, all the
assistance given would not have been able to provide the desired results.

This battle will not be won until the present food shortages have been
compensated

2909
CSO: 3442/299

28



ANGOLA

USSR ECONOMIC, MILITARY COMMITMENT ANALYZED
Lisbon DIARIO DE NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Jul 86 p 10

{Text] The Soviet Union's transformation from a continental power to a world
power occurred during Brezhnev's era. Now that the crisis of succession is
over and Gorbachev is firmly in power at the Kremlin, what are the future
prospects? Can we expect the new, "young" secretary general of the Soviet
CP, under the pressure of the requirements of the rigid Soviet economy, to
revise its foreign policy, in the sense of limiting its empire and possibly
abandoning some of its more onerous foreign involvements, including Angola?

This is one of the most interesting parts of Helene Carrere D'Encausse's anal-
ysis, the conclusions of which may be useful for defining Portuguese foreign
policy in southern Africa.

In analyzing Soviet conquests and alliances, the dedicated analyst distin-
guishes between the countries that are basic points of support for the Soviet
empire which would never, under any circumstances or at any price, be aband-
oned, and the rest, the loss of which would not affect the Soviet Union's
basic interests and which therefore, in the event of a change in the current
balance of power in its disfavor, could be abandoned should the Soviets not
want to assume excessive risks in their defense.

The former, which constitute the vital points of support of the empire and are
essential to its concept and security, are Vietnam, Afghanistan, Southern
Yemen, and Ethiopia. The rest, including Angola and Mozambique, are merely
“temporary appendages of the empire" whose usefulness is secondary.

This is why the Soviet Union agreed without any objections to Mozambique's
departure from its sphere of influence through the Ncomati agreements, and
this is why it would also be willing to accept that some day Angola may also
slip out of its control.

In other words, the day the Soviet Union feels that the cost of its presence
in Angola has become too high, it will seriously consider leaving the country.
And this must obviously have been one of the assumptions underlying the Reagan
administration's recent decision to aid Jonas Savimbi's cause by supplying
sophisticated materiel. The higher the price of Soviet military involvement
in Angola rises, the more the Kremlin will question the advantages of staying
there and the more receptive it will be to negotiations leading to Cuban and
Soviet withdrawal.



LAGOS IMAM REPORTED AS OPPOSING OIC MEMBERSHIP

Eid-El-Kabir Message

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 16 Aug 86 pp 1, 12

[Text]

HERE is no just-

ification for Nig-
eria’s membership of
the Organisation of
Islamic Conference
(OIC), the Chief’
Imam of Lagos,
Alhaji Mohammed
Liadi Ibrahim, said
yesterday.

Delivering his Eid-
‘El-Kabir message at
the Obalende praying
ground in Lagos,

Ihaji Ibrahim said
the OIC’controversy

“is threatening the
unity of our dear nat-

He asked the congre-

gation: “How do we
justify the full member.
ship of Nigeria in OIC,
when all Nigerians, as’
wé all know, are not!
micglestis?”

: Alhaji” Ibrahim said
that religious and econo-
mic" intolerance, was
threatening Nigeria's
unity.

An example of
religious intolerance, the
Chief Imam _said, was.
the demand by the
University of Ibadan
moslem community for.
the removal of a 32-year-!
old crogs, It is a thrext
to. peaceful co-existence,
he said.

He called on moslems
to"pesceful.LYexplore an
objective, honest and
mutually beneficial
solution with their
christian neighbours to
the issue “for a convent-
ional Besceful co-existence
at the university and in
Nigeria at large”.

Islam, as a religion, he
said, does not preach
force as a way of life. .

On economic intoleran-
ce, which he described as
another bane. of the
nation, Alhaji Ibrahim
condemned _ wealthy
Nigerians for being
insensitive to the plight
of their less fortunate
brothers.

43

NIGERIA

“Wealth, like all the
other blessings of Allah,
should be considered by
the wealthy as being
held in trust by them
for the goodwill of

mankind.

“The wealthy should
not use his wealth to
dehumanise others that
may be around him, “he
said.

He said that all our
problems emanated
from “‘our loss of faith in
Allah and our non-
submission tu his will.

* “We cannot rightfully
point an accusing finger
at any state or even the
Federal Government,”
he said.

‘The Chief Imam urged
all Nigerians and
moslems, in particular,
to learn to do good
always “so that your
end may be good.”

He prayed for Allah’s
infinite mercy and
guidance for “gir leaders
to enable them manage
our national affairs
effectively”.



Focus on Tanzam Railway

Johamesburg THE STAR in English 26 Aug 86 p 16

{Article by Alastair Matheson]

[Text ]
MBEYA (Tanzania) — Two

slender ribbons of steel,
stretching 1850km through

the African bush, are the .

focus of attention for many
people in Southern Africa
since the “sanctions war”
began escalating.

These steel ribbons are the
single track railway which
opened with a fanfare of publici-
ty in 1976 when its Chinese
builders christened it The Great
Uhuru Railway.

Today it is better known as
the Tazara or Tanzam Railway
and gives land-locked Zambia
access to the sea at the Tanzani-
an port of Dar es Salaam.

Not only in Zambia, but also
in Zimbabwe, Malawi and even
Botswana, people are now hop-
ing for greater things from this
backdoor route by which they
might avoid some of the more
serious hardships if and when
the South African Government
turns the screws tighter on their
trade passing through its terri-
tory.

Enormous

Already traffic is piling up be-
cause of strict new imports con-
trols and levies imposed by Pre-
toria.

But, it is doubtful whether
this $230 million railway line,
built by 5000 Chinese labourers
and their local counterparts
with a loan from Peking, will be
able to cope with the enormous
strain that is likely to be placed
on it. ,

Today, it can carry only about
half the expected capacity of
Jess than a million tons a year.

Its original purpose was to
carry Zambia’s copper to the
sea and make Zambia less de-
pendent upon South African rail
and port facilities,

Now, in another decade, cop-
per is no longer the magic metal

19274
CSO:  3400/500

it was, giving much prosperity
to Zambia. When the line was
put to the test it proved inade-
quate in many respects.

The locomotives were under-
powered for hauling mineral
trains up the steep escarpments
in Southern Tanzania and, dur-
ing heavy rains, serious wa-
shaways halted traffic for long
periods.

There was also friction be-
tween the two governments
over allegations of slow opera-
tions — the long turn-around
time for wagons sent to Zambia,
and the Zambian counter-com-
plaints about laxity in Dar es
Salaam. .

Now that pressure is building
up for the railway to play a
much greater role in future, the
authorities are taking a fresh
look at the situation.

Tanzania’s President Hassan
Ali Mwinyi has decreed that in
future the port facilities at Dar
es Salaam will be reserved ex-
clusively for goods to and from
neighbouring states, and Tanza-
nians will have to use the minor
ports of Tanga and Mtwara for
their requirements.

Powerful

Fortunately, efforts at rehabi-
litating the troubled railway
began last year, and it is expect-
ed that when a $150 million mo-
dernisation is completed traffic
can be increased to 2,2 million
tons annually.

West Germany has already
come to the rescue with some
powerful new diesel locomotives
and China is to strengthen the
track in places.

Already security is tight all
.along the length of the track, the
Tanzanians having made the
line and strips on either side a
prohibited area, following an ex-
plosion which wrecked a pump-
ing station on the oil pipeliné
which runs to Zambia along the

same route.

The Zambians followed suit
when a bridge was wrecked on
the only road link between the
two countries, as this was seen
as conclusive proof of South
African-inspired sabotage.

For all its weaknesses, the
Tazara railway is far more se-
cure than any of the “alterna-
tive” rail links which South Afri-
ca’s neighbours can use instead
of shipment through the Repub-
lic.

The Benguela Railway, which
used to be Zambia’s outlet for
copper to the Atlantic, as well
as for the mines in southern
Zaire, has been closed since
Unita guerillas captured the
central part of the line which
passes through Angola before
reaching the sea at Lobito.

The situation is no better in
the Beira Corridor to the east.

Beira used to be a major
trans-shipment point for Zim-
babwe’s traffic, but now Rena-
mo guerillas hold much of cen-
tral Mozambique and the rail-
way line leading to Harare is a
major target.

Lean times

A large contingent of Zim-
babwe troops was sent to keep
the rail and road links open to
Beira, but about 2000 of them
are now surrounded by Renamo
forces.

For Malawi, matters are even
worse. It also used to depend on
Beira for its overseas trade, but
Renamo guerillas now have this
rail link under constant siege.

Both Prime Minister Robert
Mugabe of Zimbabwe and Zam-
bia’s President Kaunda are well
aware of the difficulties which
could result from their demands
for comprehensive sanctions
made at the recent Common-
wealth mini-summit in London.

‘Both have warned their peo-
ple of lean times ahead.



/13046
cso:

the PC and spread lies about
these members only to cover up
the atrocities being committed
and acknowledged by Swapo.
(100 “spies” being imprisoned
by Swapo and no trial or any
other news as yet from those
victims.)

Now these church leaders
are invited to inspect these
camps and report on their find-
ings. If thereis no truth in these
allegations against Swapo
which are substantiated by
several reports, letters and eye-
witnesses, why isit necessary to
send a third group of people to
investigate these camps? (First
the Greens, then “only Elvi
Surmund and Rolf Lahusen”
of Initiative 435-Namibia,
thirdly church leaders from
Namibia).

Why have neither Swapo nor
the Zambian or. Angolan
governments, after several
direct and indirect requests, re-
fused members of the PC and
concerned parents of Namibi-
ans in the hands of Swapo per-
mission to visit these camps or
at least make contact with their
relatives and friends?

It was the Parent Committee
who started to draw national
and international attention to
the allegations against Swapo
that many Namibians who
have joined this movement are
being held in prison camps un-
der the most appalling, inhu-
mane and un-Christian condi-
tions.

If these allegations are un-
founded then it is the Parent
Committee who should be in-
vited to visit these camps and
the Namibians being held

3400/483

there. The PC has undertaken
to many parents, relatives and
friends of those thousands of
Namibians who have joined
Swapo to find the truth about
their fate. It is therefore the
Parent Committee who should
get the opportunity to ascer-
tain the truth.

The Parent Committee
herewith requests the church
leaders who have been invited
to visit these camps under Swa-
po’s care, to demand the inclu-
sion of members and or
representatives of the PC into
their party. These church lead-
ers are hereby:also requested to
unconditionally undertake in
public that they will inspect
these camps and report their
findings honestly and without
any prejudice. The Parent
Committee on behalf of those
many other relatives and
friends of missing Namibians
under Swapo’s responsibility
demands a public report-back
by those church leaders who
visit the prison camps of
Swapo.

Tf, as is anticipated, the Par-
ent Committee is not invited to
visit these camps in Zambia
and Angola, the church leaders
should refuse to become part
of a distortion of the truth by
Swapo and should decline the
invitation sent to them and de-
mand an independent investi-
gation by the churches and the
Parent Committee into the al-
leged atrocities being commit-
ted against Namibians in exile.

T Schmidt and S Boois for the
PARENT COMMITTEE.

37



MOZAMBIQUE

CHINA FINANCES WELL-DRILLING PROJECT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] The program to dig 20 wells for the impoundment of underground water
which will benefit over 80,000 persons in the districts of Laulane, Costa do
Sol, Aeroporto, Triunfo, and Chamanculo, started on Thursday in Laulane
district, in Maputo, at a ceremony attended by the political counselor of
the Embassy of China in our country. The Mozambican side was represented ‘by
the director of the Maputo Water Enterprise, Frederico Martins.

The wells will be distributed among five districts, namely, Laulane and Aero-
porto (six wells each), FPLM and Polana-Canico (three each), and Chamancula
(two).

The amount of financing for the program from China has been estimated at over
$600 million, with the Mozambican side contributing nearly 40 million meticals.

The project, which can be accomplished in 2 years, will benefit over 80,000
residents of the districts covered in the program, according to an estimate
by officials associated with the sector.

There are 16 Chinese technicians and 20 Mozambicans affiliated with the Maputo
Water Enterprise and with GEOMOC involved in this work.

This program calls for two phases: the first involves only the digging of wells.
The second involves the water supply, including the installation of the
necessary equipment (pump and engines) and the construction of a different

type of infrastructure inherent in the project.

According to Chinese specialists, there are many wells in the city of Maputo
which are not being used; some because they have been damaged, and others
because the water extracted from them is brackish. With regard to the first
point, the technicians disclosed that they are considering negotiating with
the Mozambican authorities for their recovery.

An experimental well dug by this team in front of the primary school in the
railroad district of Mahotas is 216 meters deep and has a capacity for 30
cubic meters of water per hour. To date, it is the deepest well existing

in the capital.

16



used by two companies, African Timber and Plywood Ltd., Accra, and
Gliksten Ghana Ltd., Sefwi-Wiasso.

The infrastructure is being improved particularly through the repair and
expansion of the transport network. So far, the railroads in the western
part of the country that connect Accra, Kumasi and Takoradi, and which are
important for the transport of mining products and tropical timber, have
been restored to service. This project was financed with a $29-million
joan from the World Bank as well as a $13-million loan from the African
Development Bank. In March of 1986, the IDA supplied a loan of $24.5
million to be used to renovate the ports of Takoradi and Tema. The Ghana
Ports and Harbour Authority, Tema, is planning to invest $95.8 million in
this project. Financing for this project is also being supplied by the
Japanese development authority, OECF, the Saudi Fund and the European
Development Fund. The British firm of Sir William Halcrow & Partners,
London, has been contracted as consultants. It was recently announced
that the GDR will supply 130 passenger railcars as a part of a barter
transaction. This will result in a substantial increase in the number of
passengers the Ghana Railways Corporation can carry. The first deliveries
of the railcars are slated for January 1987.

With the support of the FRG, which initially pledged a loan of 75.2 million
DM, and then added another 19.4 million in September 1984, an important
transport system for domestic. shipping will be created on the lake behind
the huge Akosombo dam on the Volta. German companies were involved in
contracts for this project. In 1985, the FRG supplied 38.77 million DM

in development aid, which was divided into 31.5 million for financial
cooperation and 7.27 million for technical assistance. In addition,

eight million DM allocated previously were shifted to technical assistance.
The new resources will be used primarily to develop the agricultural sector.

As a result of the obsolete production structures, the lack of spare parts,
and the insufficient supply of raw materials, Ghana's industrial sector

is in a critical situation. This is true particularly for the textile and
clothing industry, which is quite well developed, because, due to a
shortage of domestic cotton, it cannot. adequately use its production
capacity. In March 1986, the IDA provided two loans ($28.5 and $25.0
million) for adapting the structure of the Ghanaian industry.

In early March 1986, "Indutech 86," Ghana's first industrial exhibition,
was held in Accra. The participants included approximately 500 local
companies as well as 30 foreign exhibitors from the United States, the
FRG, Sweden, Great Britain, the People's Republic of China, Switzerland
and South Korea. The state-run Ghana Industrial Holding Corporation
(GIHOC), Accra, which includes 16 industrial companies, announced during
the exhibition that its subsidiary, GIHOC Paper. Conversion Company, Accra,
is planning to use domestic lumber in. its domestic paper production.

Up to now, the supply of paper required to produce packing paper had to
be imported from Great Britain and Finland.

11



Government To Sell State Hospitals, Privatize Medical Services
(Ruth Golembo; SUNDAY TIMES, 17 Aug 86) .....eeeeeeeecerees

Editor Addresses Open Letter to ANC's Oliver Tambo
(Denis Beckett; FRONTLINE, Aug 86) .

Monthly Sees Threat of Islamic Revolution
(THE STAR, 21 Aug 86) .ccececccececccccecsccccssencccceenes

Briefs
Blacks Recruited for Engineering
Radio Bop, SABC Competition
ECONOMIC

Survey Shows Massive New. Platinum Find
(BUSINESS DAY, 21 Aug 86) ......

Western Nations To Help Finance Lesotho Highlands Water Project
(BUSINESS DAY, 21 Aug 86) ......

Dismal Scenario of Foreign Exchange Market Given
(David de Kock; BUSINESS DAY, 21 Aug 86) ..cecceeessceseees

Briefs
Karoo Advancing

INDUSTRIAL/S&T
Briefs

First Mossel Bay Jobs Advertised
Digital Microwave Radio for SATS

/9986

86

89

90

90

91

92

94

98

99
99



113046
cso:

“It looks to me like we Afrikaners,
and I include myself because I am one
of them, have problems in divorcing
freedom of speech from the merits of
‘what is being said. If I were to say, for
instance, that I don’t want to have rug-
by on campus anymore, I will severely
be taken to task by rugby supporters.

“What has to be differentiated. is the
merits of my argument and my right
to say it. And that is one of the things
that is problematical on the campus.

“Another subject spoken about is the
assertion that peaceful protést is a
monster. There are two reasons why

ople are uncomfortable about peace-
ul protest. The first is that it is associ-
ated with demonstrators. This is un-
popular. Secondly it can lead to
counter reaction so that the order on

campus can be threatened if people

start fighting each other. ”

HE answer, he says, lies in the
teaching of tolerance. The educa-
tional function and the function of
. maintaining order must be handled
with sensitivity, because it is going to
become increasingly important.
Universities are changing and their
authorities must very seriously consid-
er their nature in the future. A univer-

3400/465

66

sity such as Stellenbosch must change
because the whole community is
changing. They must think of the ne-
cessities and demands that are being
made.

Teaching staff must look at the im-
plications of change fearlessly and
must not cling to old taboos. Those
values related to tolerance must be
conveyed and in this context the uni-
versity does have a cultural political
function.

THERE must be exposure and be-
cause of separation people do not
Know each other. They have not been
exposed to each other’s way of think-
ing and that is where the university
can fill an important fuction — expo-
sure to the realities is the only way to
prepare them for change and to culti-
vate the tolerance to accept change,
professor Erasmus said.

The Afrikaner has a greater task
than the more liberally minded En-
plish language unversities in accepting

uman rights and it is going to be
more difficult and painful for him.

“When we had everything under our
control it was easy, but we are busy
losing control and it is a worrying
thing. You now must see yourself ina
role you never anticipate ,” he said.



The director of the project for the Pemba water supply remarked: "It is thought
that the ceremony for signing the protocol on the agreement between the DNA and
the CMC will take place soon, because, to date, great progress has been made
in the talks between the two. We also have information’ on the making of a
contract in the near future, the signers of which will be the CMC and the
International Department for Cooperation from Italy (DIPCO)."

Moreover, although it has not yet been formally signed, a document that might
be considered an "agreement" between the DNA and the general contractors
(CICAD and CETA) and these two enterprises already working on the project
exists, making the status of the work excellent; because it is thought that
these transactions will soon be made official.

"Hence, we are confident that the work will start this year," assured Miguel
Angel, adding that, at present, the infrastructural projects for the project
are still being executed in Pemba, aimed at building the workshop (camp),
housing, various types of dwellings, offices, etc. The plan anticipates 2
years as the period for the completion of the work to supply water to the city
of Pemba.

Socioeconomic Profile

With respect to the socioeconomic implications of the project, our source noted
that they are extensive in scope; because the system.supplying water to Pemba
has been equipped for four subsystems, namely: Metuge, Mieze, Morrebue, and
the peripheral districts of Alto Gingone and Wimbe, all located along the

line.

These subsystems are intended to benefit a population of nearly 40,000 persons,
with a 20-year projection. Later, by the year 2005, the population growth will
prompt a doubling of the current system.

This means that, according to our interviewee, it will be necessary to take
advantage of electrification to be installed along the water supply line, both
for schools, hospitals, recreational centers, and arts and crafts industry,
etc.

Recalling the example of a school in Mieze which operates only by day because
there is no lighting at night, he said that, since the electrified line. passes
through the population group's community, it will now be possible to have
night-time classes, provided the local agencies request of whoever is authorized
a "drop" in the line for the educational establishment.

With regard to health, Miguel Angel predicted that the local health station
will now be able to provide infant delivery. services at. night, and the drinking
water for the residents will reach their houses quickly, with greater stringency
in the biological, chemical, and bacteriological analyses; because it is for
the city's population in the peripheral districts and localities along the water
conduits that the project will be constructed.

21



In 1987, American soldiers in Panmunjon in the demilitarized zone between the
two Koreas were killed by North Korean soldiers wielding machetes. Five
times North Korean combat units tried to assassinate the South Korean presi-
dent. In one of these attempts in 1983, 4 Burmese and 17 South Koreans, in-
cluding 4 cabinet ministers, were killed by a bomb in Rangoon.

North Korean military forces support terrorist movements throughout the world,
training and supplying arms to dozens of groups such as the Irish Republican
Army (IRA), the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the Basque ETA, the
Japanese Green Army, and Marxist groups in the Middle East, South America,
Asia, and South Africa.

In 1981 North Korea sent a team of advisors comprising 160 men to Harare to
train the 5th Brigade of Zimbabwe's National Army. The Zimbabwean government
announced that the North Koreans had been repatriated in 1982 after the 5th
Brigade had become operational. However, Western sources assert that the North
Koreans were expelled for having launched the poorly trained troops of the

5th Brigade on a disastrous mission against anti-Marxist rebels in Mozambique.

Western observers also say that the North Koreans encouraged the 5th Brigade
to conduct a war of extermination against the Matabele rebel tribe in southern
Zimbabwe. Besides engaging in theft, rape, and torture, the brigade massacred
2,000 villagers. The victims of the atrocity called the troops trained by the
North Koreans "gukurahundi," which means "the tornade that devastates every-
thing."

In addition, the North Korean soldiers had the reputation for being corrupt in
Zimbabwe. In exchange for their support for the dictatorship, North Korean
officials lived in colonial mansions, had many servants, swam in swimming
pools, and played tennis at the courts of embassies in Harare. The officials
earned $20,000 (3,000,000 escudos) a year, over three times their salary in
North Korea.

In July of last year, after a military coup brought down Milton Obote's re-
gime in Uganda, the military announced that about 1,000 North Korean military
advisors were being dismissed.

General Basilo Okello, commander of Ugandan forces, said that the North Korean
officials that commanded the Ugandan units in their battle against the rebels
had incited the soldiers to commit atrocities against the peasants.

Arrogant, brutal and corrupt, the North Korean forces have provided massive
support in weapons and terrorist training to various African countries, but
have made few friends. Wherever they go, they are preceded by their bad
reputation.

9805
CSO: 3442/270



MOZAMBIQUE

INHAMBANE'S EFFORTS TO RECOVER FROM DROUGHT RECOUNTED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 15 Aug 86 p 3

[Text] For the past 5 years, Inhambane Province has been stricken by drought,
with particular severity in the districts of Govuro, Vilanculo, Massinga,
Mabote, Funhalouro, and Panda. This natural disaster reached a critical phase
during 1982 and 1983, a period wherein the victimized population was estimated

at 800,000 persons.

During that. period, the scourge of the drought resulted in the loss of thousands
of human lives. There were adults, youths, and children who succumbed every
day as a result of malnutrition. The situation was worsened by the activity

of the armed bandits, who looted the few possessions that the population still
held.

The national and international assistance given to the areas stricken by the
drought scourge since that time has made it possible to gradually provide the
population affected with nutritional rehabilitation. That aid, concurrently
with the battle that the Armed Forces of Mozambique have waged in the area
against the armed bandits, resulted in a considerable improvement in the
districts stricken by drought since 1984.

The battle against the armed bandits cannot be dissociated from the improvement
in the situation, not only in the stricken regions, but also in the province as
a whole; if we consider the fact that their activity prompted the movement of
the population from its places of origin to safter locations. This movement
did not allow the population to engage in any activity. In many instances,

the bandits' action prevented the marketing of products intended for the
drought victims in the affected regions.

Whereas, during the 1984-85 campaign, it was impossible to find substantial
results from the harvests, despite the provision of production means and
factors, during the current harvest the prospects are better.

In Vilanculo, where there had been tragic situations caused by the drought
during the critical period, the latest information indicates that the population
has managed to plant’ various crops, specifically, corn, sorghum, cassava,
plums, and peanuts, over an area exceeding 86,000 hectares. There is every

26



The correction to super profits being earned by SA exporters must, there-
fore, come from a rise in the rand/dollar exchange rate.

So much for fundamental analysis. The rand is undervalued and yet it does
not really even blip, despite the encouragement of a higher gold price and
a record low dollar.

It could be that when we throw everything into the melting pot--politics,
sanctions, economics, states of emergency, debt standstill, amounts outside
the net, negative sentiment, lack of dollar supply from the Reserve Bank,
etc--we do really end up with a $0,38 rand.

In fact, it is not a "could be," it is a reality.

We have cast against the rand every inconceivable piece of negativity and
while that may temporarily have prevented a rise in the exchange rate, it
has stubbornly refused to fall below $0,38. The rand is in the basement
and unlikely to go lower.

Why is this?

Quite simply, the realisation among market participants is that at $0,38
it makes good sense to be short of dollars and long of rands, i.e., exports
are covered and imports are not. Only catastrophe would prove this to be
wrong and already some real catastrophic parameters have been built into
the present exchange rate.

On Tuesday morning, when the rand opened below $0,38, quite a number of
corporates called me to say their banks were advising them to buy dollars
forward because the rand was falling.

From past experience, did I therefore consider it a good time to do just
the opposite?

You see, the market is not that naive any more. The smallest to the
largest company has been tempered by fire. Their logic and their gut is
telling them that the rand can fall no further. They will not be spoken
to by factors that are already discounted into the present low exchange
rate.

Given that the rand has bottomed out, what are the probabilities that it
can appreciate?

From a fundamental point of view, the chances are greatly in favour.
There is no doubt about that. From the short-term "melting pot" view the
chances could be somewhat slimmer.

It would seem to require a removal or diminishment of some of the negative
factors included in the "melting pot." This is wishful thinking. But
then, if these were removed the rand would rise substantially, probably
to $0,60. Few would expect this with any real faith.

95



/13046
cso:

3400/498

You would doubtless, both in the nego-
tiations to establish this kind of ultra-de-
mocracy and thereafter in its operation,
push for the abolition of racism and im-
plement it to the extent that your electoral
success enabled you to do so.

As I see it, there is no possibility of
just and decent South Africa coming into
being while we remain cursed by the as-
sumption that black victory means white
destruction.

I believe that the logjam could be bro-
ken if there was active examination of the
implications of taking democracy to its
extreme, and that this examination may
be stimulated if the ANC were to spell
out its approach to the issues involved.

Yours sincerely
Denis Beckett

88


ANGOLA

WAR, DROP IN OIL PRICES IMPAIR CABINDA DEVELOPMENT

Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 11 Jul 86 p 51

[Text] The drop in oil prices and the war Angolan authorities are fighting
against UNITA forces are seriously hampering development in various parts of

the country.

The MPLA Central Committee recently sent an important political commissar to
Cabinda to explain to the people why the development plan for that area has
not been implemented. This was the first visit by a high party official to
Cabinda since UNITA's attack on the palace of the provincial commissar.

The plan included 36 projects, including construction of 250 homes, a modern
pediatric facility, a furniture factory, a refrigeration complex for fish,
and a new system to supply drinking water to the people, among others.

The special envoy from the committee said that the fall in oil prices has
jeopardized everything. Funds available are used to buy war materiel, since
Angola's priority is to increase its military capacity to defend the country.
He announced that soldiers would be sent by air to Cabinda when new UNITA

attacks are expected.

It was discovered that UNITA men had infiltrated the ranks of FAPLA soldiers
stationed in Cabinda, and that they participated in the recent attack in that

city.

9805
cso: 3442/270



SOUTH AFRICA

DISMAL SCENARIO OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET GIVEN

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Aug 86 p 6

[Article by David de Kock]

[Text] The rand performs ineffectively and momentarily to a large jump
in the gold price.

The financial rand languishes in the nether regions below $0,20. A foreigner
can buy prime property in Johannesburg for a mere $20,000.

A South African emigrant would be lucky to find a rundown apartment in
Manhattan on his settling-in allowance. And we hear convincing argument
that the SA Reserve Bank is the oldest central bank outside Europe and

North America.

All these statements are related and are a bad reflection on our economy
in general and the foreign exchange market in particular.

You would have to be both ignorant and fast asleep not to realise that
the rand is trading far below its purchasing-power parity level.

This is the level that ensures competitiveness of products in the worldwide
market. For example, our gold mines are currently earning about R1,000
an ounce of gold produced, their costs are less than half of that.

I would submit that 100 percent is very nice but not sustainable. Some-
thing has to give. On the cost side, it would be inflation. On the
revenue side it could be either a fall in the dollar price of gold or a

rise in the rand/dollar exchange rate.

A rise in inflation would take too long to be of any meaningful import.

With world inflation beginning to pick up, interest rates falling, the
U.S. dollar continuing its weak trend and the U.S. banking system on the
verge of potential serious trouble, gold is unlikely to fall in dollar

terms.

94



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

FIRST MOSSEL BAY JOBS ADVERTISED--The first jobs on the Mossel Bay off-shore
gas field have been advertised. A Johannesburg employment agency which
specialises in supply draughtsmen to industry has advertised jobs with one of
their "major" clients who are looking for a wide range of design engineering
staff. The work related to the Mossel Bay off-shore facility and the positions
are all in Cape Town. The company is looking for 21 process engineers,
Pressure vessel engineers, piping engineers, telecommunication and electronics
engineers, estimators, structural draughtsmen, mechanical and piping design
draughtsmen and telecommunications and electronics draughtsman. A spokesman
for the agency said the advertisement had drawn a reasonable response, but
because the contracts ranged from two to six months many people who had made
inquiries lost interest. The project was very much in the conceptual stage,
he said. [Text] [Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 9 Aug 86 p 2]

/13046

DIGITAL MICROWAVE RADIO FOR SATS-~STC, part of the Altech group, has signed
a R30m contract to supply SA Transport Services with a digital microwave-
radio system. Hand-over and commissioning of the system--which will cover
the whole of SA--will take place in stages from early next year to the end of
1988. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Aug 86 p 1] /13046

CSO: 3400/463 END

99



UGANDA

HOPE EXPRESSED NEW UNIFORMS FOR POLICE WILL IMPROVE IMAGE
Kampala THE EQUATOR in English 6 Aug 86 p 1

[Text] The Uganda Police Uniform is to change as soon as the screening exer—
cise within the police force is over.

As already reported in THE EQUATOR the pruning exercise is likely to see about
1,500 policemen thrown out of the force and the ultimate aim of the government
is to have an initial force of 6,000 policemen.

Informed sources say the details of the exercise were due to be officially and
publically announced anytime.

According to our sources the new police uniform has already arrived in the
country to replace the familiar blue uniform.

Quite a big number of the blue uniform is reported to have fallen into the
hand of wrong hands, [as published]

Coupled with this during the NRA/UNLA war that ended into the overthrow of
General Tito Okello and after it, many policemen deserted the force escaping
with their uniforms and guns, hence the obvious need to change the current
blue uniform,

It is said, though still unconfirmed that the new uniforms will be akin to a
khaki colour almost similar to that of Kenya Police.

Since the introduction of the blue uniform even before that, the country's
police force had been associated with many shoddy activities thus bringing it
into public ridicule and contempt the blue uniform and in order to win respect
for the policeforce, it goes without saying that a change in its colour was
necessary,"

During Amin's time policemen were armed with powerful G3 guns breaking the
tradition of civil police who are supposed to carry either simple batons or
SAR's in extreme cases,

It is not known yet as to what type of arms the police will now carry.

19274
cso: 3400/495

62



SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER PROFESSORS DISCUSS RIGHT-WING DIFFERENCES
Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 9 Aug 86 p 13

{Article by John MacLennan]

[Text]

Yuu find Professor
Carel Boshoff on a
smallholding called Boor-
gat (borehole) on the out-
skirts of Pretoria, behind a
thick stone wall and
guarded by a bull mastiff
called Leeu.

In many ways this leader
of the Afrikaner Volkswag
has become the fount of much
of right-wing Afrikaner lore
and aspiration. He and others
in related organisations artic-
ulate a not-inconsiderable de-
mand which would see the Af-
rikaner fenced off in his own
and purified Boer republic
where blacks will have no
rights and foreigners, like the
Englishman, will be a neces-
sary but tolerated irritation.

Does the right wing really
matter?

The short-term answer is
no, and this is why the Gov-
ernment is able to press
ahead with reform measures
which are seen as too little
and too late by its opponents
to the left, and suicide by its
opponents to the right.

In hard political terms they
may have no significance, for
their political solutions are
ephemeral daydreams, they
cannot achieve unity and any-
way, they will tell you, P'
Botha has already raped the
Constitution and would never
hold an election if he thought

there was the slightest
chance of the Nats’ losing
power.
Bu the very existence of
the far right should
evoke in any thinking South
African a feeling akin to po-
litical tenderness, for they
are the human equivalent of
an historical anachronism as
odd and endangered as the
white rhino.

Witness, for example, the
motivation for a Boer repub-
lic (this mythical countr:
would cover the Transvaal,
Orange Free State, parts of
the Eastern Cape and North-
ern Natal) as set out by the
man who is regarded as the
chief ideologue of the right,
Professor Herctles Booysen
of the University of South Af-
rica: “Dit gaan lekker wees.
Lekker om te weet hierdie
is jou land en jou land al-
leén.” (It’s going to be terrific
to know this is your country
and your country alone).

Prof Boshoff subscribes to
the Boerestaat theory and he
is massively worried about
the Afrikaner’s future, politi-
cally and culturally.

The Afrikaner, he says, “no
longer has a country. He lives
in a common land. He is be-
ing pulled into another social
life. He has lost his political
freedom.”

His movement was formed
with an initial membership of

68

12000 just over two years
ago, and attracts elitist Afri-
kaner families. The 15-man
executive, for example, in-
cludes seven professors and
five doctors. The organisation
holds regular meetings all
over the country — braais,
sing-alongs, youth
programmes.

“We want,” says this for-
mer Broederbond chief, “a
culture-conscious Afrikaner
community which will make
its influence felt on all ter-
rains.” It is a cultural organi-
-sation, but its political ambi-
tions lie solidly with the
right-wing parties — the Her-
stigte Nasionale Party and
Conservative Party.

The Volkswag's recipe for
the future: “A commonwealth
of nations, each with its own

‘ territory and independent.”

It sees the biggest danger
to the Afrikaners as “being
forced out by blacks and be-
coming an inferior little
group with no way of protect-
ing its culture”.

HE is optimistic about the
growth of the right, but
even he admits the Govern-
ment will have no trouble in
winning the next election.
“The Government has fantas-
tic propaganda power. It in-
vokes the Communist threat,
the total onslaught, tells peo-

* ple through the mass media -


OFFLCLAL SAYS RURAL TELEPHONE LINKS READY NEXT YEAR

tinjrobi DAILY NATION in English 11 Aug 86 p 10

[text |

19274
C80:

All rural parts of the country
will be accessible by
telephone by .the middle of
next year, the Kenya Posts
and Telecommunications
Corporation deputy director,
Mr Douglas Mbela,’ sai
yesterday. ‘

He said the corporation would
install 4,500 payphones in all
parts of the country at a cost of.
$h200 million, .

Mr’ Mbela was: addressing
Kenyan Ambassadors and High
Commissioners who. made a
familiatisation .tour at the

‘Longonot earth station on

Saturday.

He said the corporation hit
embarked on an exercise tv
install payphones at public
places. such as markets, chiefs”
camps, schools and health. centres
in order to serve the public more
effectively.

“We want to bring these essen-
tial services to wananchi as near

as possible such that the’

furthest distance one had to cover
to make a phone call is not more
than 10 kilometres.”

Mr Mbela said that the cor-

3400/499

poration was the pride of ‘the
country, because through its
services, the public could. com-
municate with the zest of the
world effectively. He added there
were plans to.revive some of the
services. the corporation had dis-

continued and also initiate new

ones.

"The deputy director said that
Kenya had completed laying out
the necessary services for a pan
African-r.telecommunications
network .and welcomed. .any
African country that. wished to
suse the facilities to do so. .

‘The envoys were shown around
by the corporation’s head of
external telecommunications, Mr
S. K. Chemai. .

Mr Chemai said that in order
to provide better externa!
telecommunication services, the
corporation had embarked on a
Programme to install submarine
cables at a cost of Sh44.5 million.

‘Ihe Longonot earth station
was put up at a cost of Sh205
million 16 years ago. ‘The second
phase of ‘the station was com-

-pleted in 1981 at a cost of Sh50

tnillion, : :
It is wholly manned by 104

13

KENYA

Kenyans who include  techni-
cians, engineers and casual
workers, Mr Chemai explained.
‘Tho envoys also toured Sulmac
Flower farm near Naivasha where
they were received by the farm’s
chief executive, Mr D. N. Gray.
Sulmac Farm is the single
largest flower unit in the world
and has similar farms in Israel
and Colombia. It is owned by
Brooke Bond Kenya Limited.
‘The farms occupies 2,000

+ hectares with mote than 120

hectares under carnations. and

other types of flowers for export

to the major markets in Western
Euorope, mainly West Germany,
France, the United States,
Holland and the United Kinedom
as well as Japan whi is
anew market.

‘The farm exports 180 million
flower stems valued at Sh250
million annually. Mr Gray said
that this contributed substan-
tially to Kenya’s foreign exchange
arnings.
the farm employs 250
employees and another 500
casuals.

:. There are medical and

recreational facilities for workers
and a nursery school for their
children. (KNA)



However, with most of the market having set $0,38 as the bottom line, we
have great potential for a leads/lags reversal. The maximum lag period
for exports (excluding gold) is 7 days after shipment.

The leading of import dollar demand through the veil of forward cover is
ending. During the fall of the rand from the $0,50 level this lead period
was probably around minus 45 days (assuming a 45-day transit period),
i.e., importers were covering forward on placement of order.

Right now importers are seeing no need to cover forward. This alone will
stretch the lead period from minus 45 days to plus 30 days (assuming a
30-day credit period), or a turnaround of 2 and 1/2 months.

If importers perceive the rand to have bottomed out, they may well also
cancel existing cover for a substantial boost to dollar availability in
the local forex market.

If this is indeed the case, then the Reserve Bank can go on being the
oldest central bank outside Europe and North America.

Their holdings of dollars will not fail to recognise why they are so
inept in the management of the exchange rate.

Do they not realise that we in effect have a closed circuit in respect
of excess dollar supply? In a market that now has a limited demand for
dollars, given that most believe the rand has bottomed out, any dollars
they do supply will at the end of the day be returned to them virtually

intact.

During the circuitous course the exchange rate would have appreciated,
as few would have the stomach to hold on to these dollars.

In fact, this may be all that is required to break the impasse in the rand.
Few see it falling further, but not many more see it rising just yet.
With their so-called intervention. methods, if the Reserve Bank sold dollars

directly to the banks, instead of merely offering gold mine export dollars,
they would be more effective and a great deal more successful.

The local forex market is at the moment a psychological game and the
Reserve Bank is not winning.

Be that as it may, the rand has extremely little potential to fall any
further, ever.

96



MOZAMBIQUE

CHINA FINANCES SHOE FACTORY REHABILITATION
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] A few days ago, in Maputo, an addendum to the plan for financing the
rehabilitation of the "Rhythm Creations" shoe factory located in the nation's
capital was signed between the Footwear and Tanning Directorate Unit and the
Chinese Government.

The documents for the agreement were signed by the general director of the
Footwear and Tanning Directorate Unit, Bernardo Abilio Cumaio, and the repre-
sentative of the Chinese Embassy in our country, Ma Zhihe, during a ceremony
held on the premises of the State Secretariat of Light and Food Industry.

As our reporter learned during the ceremony for the signing of the documents,
the project to rehabilitate the "Rhythm" shoe factory is part of the agreement
on cooperation that exists between the People's Republic of Mozambique and the
People's Republic of China signed in 1975, during President Samora Machel's
visit to that Asian country.

The factory, the rehabilitation work on which is scheduled for completion by
the end of this year, will have an annual production capacity of nearly 4,000
pairs of shoes, with 35 different styles of shoes for men, women, and children.

According to a source from the Chinese Embassy, 13 Chinese technicians as well
as 539 tons of equipment, including machinery and raw material for producing
plastic footwear will be arriving shortly.

Speaking during the ceremony for the signing of the agreement, Ma Zhihe said
that there would have to be a pooling of efforts on both sides to carry out
the project, adding that it would be necessary to export the shoes with a
view toward allowing for the purchase of raw material from abroad.

Bernardo Cumalo, in turn, expressed the view that, after the rehabilitation
work, the factory would operate properly; something that will minimize the
shortage of shoes on the domestic market.

2909
cso: 3442/299

18



MONEY SUPPLY DROPPED SHARPLY IN APRIL

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 22 Aug 86 p 12

[Text]

/13046
csO:

ONEY in

April dropped
snarply by ¥1,800,000 or
18.7 per cent to N112
billion from the March
level, the Central Bank of
Nigeria (CBN) has

eotccording, to the
monthly
feport, the supply iv Apr

contracted with an

March and the
260,100,000 or 2.3 per

N300,000,000
development stock,

bank credit,
the report said, declined
substantially by 2.1
billion or 6.4 per cent to
N31 billion, with the
government accounting
for 96 per cent of the
decline,

It said the drop of N2

3400/462

47

in government deposits
with the ‘system.

by N113,600,000 or 6.9 per

cent to N15 billion in
April, and attributed the

arrears accumulated iri
the quarter of 1985 were
increasingly being settled
in the new year, the’
reduction in thé rate of
foreign exchange earning
notwithstanding,” it
explained.

The CBN report said
that currency in
circulation fell

by 411,500,000 or 0.2 per
cent to N5.249 billion in:
the month under review.
The decline of
479,100,000 in cash out-

_ side banks was respon-

sible for the contraction in
the volute of currency in
circulation as cash in
banks vaults is increased
by 67,600,000 or 20.3
Per ¢ cent the Central Bank

tothe

- According report,
commercial banks

deposit Nabilities
declined further by 1.0 per
cent to N18,035.5 million,
with demand and time
deposits contributing
mainly to the decline.

NIGERIA


SOUTH AFRICA

WESTERN NATIONS TO HELP FINANCE LESOTHO HIGHLANDS WATER PROJECT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Aug 86 pp 1, 2

[Text] Major Western countries are ready to help fund the R3bn Lesotho
Highlands water scheme.

The World Bank is also willing to chip into the long-term--and long-
talked-of project--that will radically change SA's sparse water supplies.

Initial capital outlay for the giant scheme will be covered by the Lesotho
Highland Development Authority (LHDA) .

News of funding of the project was leaked yesterday to BUSINESS DAY.

The LHDA, a Lesotho State body, has been entrusted with building at least
three dams and the hydro-electric schemes.

The World Bank has also shown its willingness to be the lead agency for
Lesotho in assembling the financial package. It can, however, do so
formally only once the project has been officially signed.

On the SA side, a public body, Trans Caledonian Tunnel Authorities (TCTA),
will be established to fund construction of the tunnel into SA.

If TCTA gets the go-ahead it will come to the SA capital market for an
easily attainable R200m next year, says a merchant banker. Further issues
are envisaged because the first phase of development requires a relatively
modest outlay.

In Lesotho, the scheme's backers consist of a consortium of European
development aid agencies and it is hoped that a part of the cost will be
recouped through water sales to SA.

Negotiations, which have stretched over 30 years, were reportedly hindered
by the problem of an ANC presence in Lesotho.

Sources close to the project say an agreement has now been reached whereby
the ANC will be barred from Lesotho.

92



These are, specifically, areas of Estoril, where hundreds of hectares of land
for farming have been found and, recently, they have undergone intensive
preparation by scores of citizens residing in the neighboring districts,
recruited into the battle against hunger.

Contacts made with those peasants made it possible to. learn that many. of those
currently engaged in agricultural work joined this movement within a very short
time, particularly during this season for green vegetables combined with the

sweet potato crop.

Maria Fonseca Avelina, a resident of the Beira cement area, who traveled there
with the intention of producing, so as to minimize the food shortage for her
family, remarked: "We are tired of buying these products at speculative prices
in the markets, while we have hands for producing."

Furthermore, it has been learned that, in the near future, that section of
Estoril will benefit from drainage ditches similar to those built in Macurrungo.

2909
CsO: 3442/299

30



MALAWI

CORRESPONDENT REPORTS ON THREE OPPOSITION GROUPS IN EXILE

Gweru MOTO in English No 47 [NO DATE] pp 8, 9

[Text ]

MALAW1I’s self-declared President for life,
Hastings Kamuzu Banda, is pushing 90 and
opposition groups in exile in neighbouring
Tanzania are eagerly awaiting an end to his
22-year rule.

“Everybody is looking forward to
Banda’s exit,"’ said Archibald Kapote
Mwakasungura, secretary-general of the
Socialist League of Malawi (Lesoma).

A cabinet crisis just two months after
Malawi gained independence from Britain
in July 1964 ignited dissident movements
both inside and outside Malawi.

In 1966, Malawi became a one-party
republic and in 1971 Banda named himself
President for life.

Three exiled groups — Lesoma, The Ma-
lawi Freedom Movement (Mafremo) and
Congress for the Second Republic (CSR) —
now see the end to Banda’s rule in sight.

The constitution makes no provision for
succession to the 88-year-old President, and
the question of who will succeed Banda
cannot be discussed publicly in Malawi
Possible successors often end up imprison-
ed, exciled or dead.

Aleke Banda (no relation), once con-
sidered the President’s most likely suc-
cessor, was expelled from the ruling Malawi
Congress Party in 1980 for what was
described as ‘‘a gross breach of party disci-
pline”’.

In May 1983, three other possible suc-
cessors to Banda died in a mysterious car
crash. They were secretary-general of the
Malawi Congress Party Dick Matenie,
Health Minister John Sangala and Aaron
Gadama, Minister for the Central Region.

Their deaths left the way open for John
Tembo, the controversial former governor
of the céntral bank, who is now a member
of the Malawi Congress Party’s Central
Executive Committee.

14

But it is widely believed that Tembo is
just being used as a front to allow Banda to
transfer powers to Tembo’s niece Cecilia
Kadzamira, the President’s personal aide.
Banda has been grooming Kadzamira for
power for the last 16 years.

Known as the official government
hostess, Kadzamira has maintained a close
personal as well as political relationship
with Banda. for 28 years, something no one
else has done.

In a bid to build his aide a strong power
base, Banda last year set up a scheme aimed
at improving the lot of Malawian women, -
known as the .‘“‘Chitukuko Ca Amai”
(Progress of Women), with Kadzamira at
its head.

The organisation, which aims to involve
women in collective enterprises, is given,
wide publicity throughout the country to at-
tract membership from the majority of
women, especially from the low-income
rural population. But, according to
Malawi-watchers here, the opposition to
Banda is deep-seated and widespread.

“The relative calm which appears to be in
Malawi today is a false one,’’ says John
Ngai, a Malawian journalist working in

“Tanzania who was sentenced in Absentia to

death in 1983. ‘There is a time-bomb
underneath it.”” -

Banda’s opponents accuse him of main-

taining close contact with the white
minority regime in South Africa and
oppressing and impoverishing his country-
imen.
But Maiawi with its 6.6 million people
has been hailed in the west as a model of
stable economic growth. ‘‘Banda can fool
some of the people some of the time but
cannot fool all the people all the time” CSR
head Murray William. Kanyama Chiume
said.



secondary education must avoid
mistakes. commited under the
Universal Primary Education (UPE)

Programme.
current shortage of teaching
facilities in:primary schools was the
result. of rapid expansion under
UPE, which was not matched with
the supply of school materials, he
explained.
~The MP urged the Ministry to
provide the necessary equipment
0. stitute:
was the

hub of the education sector,

. The Government should consider
making the institute a full fledged
publishing house to speed. up
publication of ‘text books, he
suggested. ”

I dugu Aidan Living (Ruangwa)
sa the campaign to improve
English usage should cover teachers
and pupils with emphasis on the.
former. . -

He: said many of the English

teachers were’ not good’ in the
Janguage and it was miraculous to
expect their pupils to do better.
” Ndugu - Livigha ‘Supported the
introduction of Standard Four and
Form Two examinations and
stressed that failures should be
dropped out.

‘The MP for Ngara, Ndugu Jared
-Ghachocha, called on the Ministry of
tissue a circular instructing local
governments to pay teachers’ salary
arrears = amoun'

; ing 99m/-. The
councils also owed primary school

teachers - another ° 5.3m/- in
miscellaneous benefits, he
He told the House that failure by
the “councils to pay — teachers
‘demoralised them and ‘contributed
to the poor standard of education.
Ndugu Mbegu Malipula (Kibaha)
expressed dissatisfaction over the
imbalance in the’ distributi a
secondary” schools and Cue!
education institutions in the country.
He told the House that the uneven
development based on the colonial
ast might be sustained by the
Proposal to open day secondary -
schools on self-help basis because
regions with low income will take
long to build such schools. ‘They
should get financial support from the
Central Government, he suggested. .
Ndugu Malipula observed that
primary school leavers, most of
whom were not selected for further
education, were too young to engage
in productive work.

He suggested the Ministry should
raise the primary school entry age or
extend primary education’ to 10
years. If the present entry age is
retained, vocational centres should
be opened throughout the country to
prepare the young school leavers for
self-reliance.

The education estimates were also
debated by Ndugu George Nhigula
(Kwimba), Alfan Kihiyo (Korogwe)
and Paulo Makolo (Kishapu). The
debate will resumes tomorrow.

Minister Defends System

Dar Es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 9 Jul 86 p 1

[Text]

THE Ministér for Education,
Ndugu Jackson Makweta yester-
day cautioned Members of Parli-
ament (MPs) against’ making.
blanket criticisms about the edu:
cation sector when there was
ample evidenge of impressive
successes in thé sector since the
country’ attained its indepen-
dence over two decades ago.
The Minister, who was wind-
ing up the debate on his Minis-
iry’s estimates for the 1986/87
financial year, expressed con-
cern over the. manner ‘in, which
some MPs had regarded the
country’s education problems
during the debate as if nothing
good had been done by the Gov-
ernment. :

Since independence, he main-
tained. education — both formal
and the hteracy campaigns —
had helped in oroadening the
outlook of ‘the masses,
strengthened democracy, politi-
cal leadership and inculcated a
sense of political awareness.

He said these attitudes, forged
by the kind of education evolved
in the country, were very much
lacking in other parts of the
world. He said for one to under-
stand the stride attained by Tan-
zania in the education sector. he
or she should visit some
neighbouring countries for com-
parison.

58



IMPACT OF SANCTIONS ON FRONT-LINE STATES WEIGHED

Economic Considerations

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 22 Aug 86 p 12

[Kelly McParland]
| Text]

THE SIX Frontline States whose
leaders are meeting in Luanda to
discuss sanctions against South
Africa are already well-versed in
the effects of retaliatory actions by
Pretoria.

Zambia and Zimbabwe have ap-
proved a list of punitive economic
measures agreed at the recent Com-
monwealth mini-summit in Lon-
don. They are reportedly hoping to
convince the ‘other four -
Botswana, Tanzania, Angola and
Mozambique - to join in.

Nigeria and Kenya, which are
not part of the Frontline group, but
have two of the strongest
economies in Africa, have also
been invited to attend.

Although the six main Frontline
nations have been the main victims
of an estimated $10 billion lost
through South African destabilisa-
tion activities since 1980, they may
not be eager to join in formalised
sanctions.

It has already been suggested
that Zimbabwe and Zambia will
not be expected to enforce the
measures they agreed to in Lon-
don, as their own economies would
suffer as much damage as
Pretoria’s.

Commented Malcolm Fraser,
former Australian Prime Minister
and one of the Commonwealth ad-

visors who recommended the sanc-

tions package: ‘There are some
things that they can’t enforce’.

One of these is the promise to cut
air links. Said Fraser: ‘They are so
vulnerable to South African retalia-
tion that I’d be happy to rest with
whatever position those two
governments take’.

Few other Frontline states are in
a better position.

Botswana gets all its petroleum
and most of its other tradé goods
through its southern neighbour;
Mozambique’s economy, although
already shattered by war, still
depends on South Africa for elec-
tricity imports and remittances
from the estimated 60 000 Mozam-
bicans who are migrant workers
there; Angola does little business
with South Africa but has delicate
relations with the US which must
be protected.

Despite their relative weakness
next to South Africa’s financial
might, the six states have the abili-
ty to cause Pretoria considerable
economic aggravation. South
Africa makes a profit of $1.5
billion a year on trade with its
neighbours. It has. extensive in-
vestments across the border, and
profits from transit shipments us-

ing South African ports and
transportation facilities on the way
‘

north.
The loss of exports would be

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

costly to South Africa. Hardest hit
would be the manufacturing in-
dustry, which depends on
neighbouring countries for its
larger export market. The loss of
northern markets would increase
unemployment, and put additional
stress on the struggling economy.

Nonetheless in a real sanctions
war, the African countries would
be the worst hit. Paul Spray. an
economist with the Catholic In-
stitute of International Relations
(CHIR) in London, says the
Frontline members are more likely
to spend their time in Luanda
preparing to fend off South
Africa’s economic retaliation than
adding measures of their own.

All six have suffered at
Pretoria’s hands before. When
Pretoria reacted to the Com-
monwealth sarictions by slowing
export traffic headed north, it was
a warning the others did not heed.
Zambia, at which the recent retalia-
tion was aimed, has suffered
similar disruptions three times since
1980.

South Africa controls support.
industries essential to Zambia's
copper industry, which make up 90
percent of its exports. One-third of
copper exports are shipped through
South African ports.

South Africa has likewise
established itself as the quickest



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACKS RECRUITED FOR ENGINEERING--A drive to attract black students to
engineering is to be launched next month. Brainchild of Huw Phillips,
professor of mining engineering at Wits, the project will coincide with the
Electra Mining exhibition in Johannesburg. "Blacks account for 18% of
graduates but in engineering the figure is only 3%. We have yet to see the
first black mining engineer." Lack of white applicants was also causing
concern. "Mining engineering is often perceived as offering poor working
conditions in comparison with other professions. It is unfortunately viewed
by many as being dangerous and unpleasant," said Phillips. His department is
joining other disciplines within the university's faculty of engineering to
promote careers in the field for the first time. Electra Mining is being
staged from September 15 to 19. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
English 15 Aug 86 p 4] /13046

RADIO BOP, SABC COMPETITION--The “signals war” between Bophuthatswana and the
South African Broadcasting Corporation has spread to radio. President Mangope
announced this week that Radio Bophuthatswana will provide services from two
stations from September 2--one in English and one in Setswana. The English
station will be in direct competition with SABC's Radio Metro to be launched
on September 1. Radio Metro will be geared for the urban black and will be
entirely in English. The director-general of Bophuthatswana Broadcasting, Mr
DM Mothibi, said this week it was an open secret that the SABC's new station
was planned to compete with Radio Bop. The establishing of the two stations
would allow Bophuthatswana to compete on an equal basis. The FM network and
the present medium wave transmitter (1 098 kHz) will broadcast the Setswana
station and a new transmitter io Mmabatho will carry the English station. A
spokesman for Radio Metro told THE SATURDAY STAR that the launch of the
station was in no way influenced by Radio Bop's plans. [Text] [Johannesburg
THE STAR in English 9 Aug 86 p 5] /13104

cso: 3400/453

90



113046
cso:

3400/406

Earlier this year, Swapo pledged an
intensification of the campaign against the
authorities and hinted at school and
consumer boycotts. Little materialised,
however, to threaten the South African-
appointed Transitional Government in
Windhoek.

However, the Supreme Court ruling and
the success of the Katutura rally must have
considerably boosted morale among
members and may have given their bravery
a boost when it comes to defying and
tackling the authorities.

Conversely, the ruling may seriously
hamper attempts by the Transitional
Government to keep the organisation under
its thumb and out of the public limelight.

Certainly, if Swapo and its allies can “get
their act together” as they did in Katutura
over the weekend, they can give those in
authority up at the Tintenpalast some very
anxious moments indeed.

35



aca
8.578
9.958
8.538
8.518
2.498

18.478
8.458

2.418
398

METAR | BeeN

RAKD = - SPOT - 1 YEAR

8.498
8.479
8.458
e.438

2.418
8.398

378
358

SW

j@.378
}o.358

Wer

cy Truk
REUTER MONITOR GRAPHICS

ToL

Fis

18AUGEE!

19604
cso: 3400/487

97



VOTERS SHOULD BE CONSULTED ON CHANGE, SAYS OFFICIAL

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADERTISER in English 5 Aug 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

NOT ON

the leaders of second tier

authorities, but their voters should be con-
sulted in the attempts to replace Proclama-
tion AG 8, according to Administrator-

General Louis Pienaar.

Opening the 13th session of
the second legislative assembly
of the Whites in Windhoek
yesterday he said it was not for
him to suggest or prescribe
how Namibians should write
their constitution.

However, there was one
aspect of the debate an replac-
ing the representative authori-
ties which had been under-
emphasised and could not be
ignored,

“Plans to replace the exist-
ing constitutional structure are
not carried out in democratic
communitics without — the
proper consultation with those
affected?’

Mr Pienaar said he was not
only referring to the leaders or
office bearers but to the voters
as well.

Most of the second: tier
authorities were elected in one
way or another.

‘The immediate predecessors
of some authorities already ex-
isted during the formulation of
Resolution 435, and their con-
tinued existence as representa-
tive local authorities was
generally accepted.

Also, their election or ap-
pointment in terms of Procla-
mation ‘AG8 did not
detrimentally affect South
Africa’s obligations in terms of
Resolution 435.

Mr Pienaar said that in the
debate over AG: 8 he wanted to
hear how consultations with
those concerned shduld take

place. .
“Silence over this creates the

: uncomfortable _ impression

that existing legal mlachinery

* will be used to take decisions

regarding rights of fellow
citizens who are not represent-
ed in the ‘Transitional
Government?”

Mr Pienaar pointed out that
the concept of ‘consociational-
ism’ had established itself as a
viable constitutional model for
plural, non-homogeneous so-
cieties.

He was not advocating con-
sociationalism as a model for
Namibia and he had noright or
inclination to make even sug-
gestions in this regard,

38

NAMIBIA