076094

JPRS-S.SA-87-003

8 JANUARY 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980612 126

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JPRS-SSA-87-003

8 JANUARY 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GM Considers Operations on Continent Outside RSA

(THE HERALD, 15 Nov 86)

International Support Growing for SADCC's Trade Route Search

(Lynda Loxton; THE HERALD, 20 Nov 86)

First SADCC Macroeconomic Survey Published

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 7 Nov 86)

Briefs

Demographic Workshop Held

ANGOLA

ANGOP Signs Cooperation Accord With Vietnam

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Sep 86) 5

Bulgarian Delegation Visits, Discusses Cooperation

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Sep 86) 7

Hungarian Delegation Visits Benguela

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 30 Sep 86) 8

New Military Ranks Introduced

(Luanda Domestic Service, 5 Dec 86) 9

UNITA Reports 15-20 November Fighting

(Voice of Resistance of the Black Cockerel in Portuguese

to Angola, 4 Dec 86) 10

Broadcasters Seminar Resolves Additional Efforts

(Luanda Domestic Service, 5 Dec 86) 11

- a
Briefs

MPLA Accused of Chemical Warfare 12

Successes Against UNITA Reported 12

Cooperation With Zaire Encouraged 12

Officer Visits Calandula 12

GDR Signs Professional Training Agreement 13

FAO Experts in Malange 13

JORNAL DE ANGOLA Visits PRC 13

BOTSWANA

Acting Foreign Minister Condemns Apartheid

(Gaborone Domestic Service, 5 Dec 86) 14

Chiepe, Yugoslav Envoy Speak at Lunch

(Gaborone Domestic Service, 11 Dec 86) 15

Role of Gaborone International Airport in Face of Sanctions

(Zenaide Vendeiro; THE STAR, 28 Oct 86) 16

ETHIOPIA

GHANA

Training Center for Pastoralists To Open

(Makonnen Haile; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 13 Nov 86) 17

PLO Ambassador Appreciative of Continued Support

(Zet Mati; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 30 Oct 86) 19

Canadian Oil Exploration Schedule, Plans

(Accra Domestic Service, 8 Dec 86) 20

Funding for Northern Power Project Outlined

(PEOPLE'S DAILY.GRAPHIC, 5 Nov 86) 21

Increase Registered in Export of Major Commodities

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 14 Nov 86) 22

Survey Indicates Further Economic Growth Expected

(Kwaku Nehemia; PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 8 Nov 86) 23

Computer Assembly Plant Expected in Accra

(PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC, 14 Nov 86) 24

Survey Reveals Great Housing Shortage

(Francis Kokutse; NEW VISION, 28 Oct 86) 25

Briefs

Bulgaria Increases Cocoa Purchases 26

b -
SOMALIA

Briefs

Road Link to Bur-Hakaba and Biyolei 64

Population, Housing Census Begins 64

UGANDA

Briefs

NRM Denies Plans for Security Service 65

ZAMBIA

PLO Official Addresses Press Conference

(PANA, 12 Dec 86) -... • 66

Briefs

Oil Discovery in East Reported 67

ZIMBABWE

Netherlands Cultural Aid Totals $100,000

(THE HERALD, 29 Nov 86) 68

Nation's Interests Said Tied to Mozambique

(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 30 Nov 86) 69

Senator Dhube Foresees Economic Boom for Manicaland

(Elliot Chiriseri; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 30 Nov 86) 71

Report Reveals Beef Industry on Brink of Collapse

(Johannesburg International Service, 9 Dec 86) 73

Anti-Hoarding Order Imposed on Wide Variety of Commodities

(THE HERALD, 29 Nov 86) 74

Marondera's Water Supply Boosted by Rufaro Dam

(THE HERALD, 29 Nov 86) 75

Briefs

Military Aid Continues 76

Wheat Deal Signed 76

Pakistan Rice Coming 76

Zimofa Chairman Urges Aid to Mozambique 76

Dam Nearly Completed 77

DPRK Youth Delegation Departs 77

'Bandit Menace' Addressed 77

- e
SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Mercedes Reportedly To Stay in Country Despite GM Departure

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 16 Oct 86) 78

ANC Members Differ on Support of 'Necklace Killings'

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 13 Oct 86) 79

Choice of New NG Church Moderator Hailed

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 15 Oct 86) 80

Idea of Separate State for Whites Viewed With Contempt

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 16 Oct 86) 81

Briefs

Malan Named Transvaal NP Deputy Chairman 82

Le Grange Describes Police's Difficulties 82

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Israel Clamps Down on Diplomatic Privileges for Homelands

(THE STAR, 18 Nov 86) 83

Reasons Behind Mandela Release Support Explored

(FRONTLINE, Nov 86) 84

Natal Christian Leaders Call for End to Emergency

(SAPA, 9 Dec 86) 86

Durban City Council Votes Against Group Areas Act

(Umtata Capital Radio, 12 Dec 86) 87

Muslim Preacher Discusses Proselytizing Activities

(Ahmed Deedat Interview; AL-DAAWA AL-ISLAMIA, 15 Oct 86) 88

Unrest Affects Crime Rate in White Suburbs

(BUSINESS DAY, 10 Dec 86) 91

Cape Peninsula Opens More Beaches to All Races

(SAPA, 9 Dec 86) 92

IDASA Addresses Antiapartheid Meeting

(Umtata Capital Radio, 9 Dec 86) 93

Christmas Party Honors Children in Detention

(SAPA, 10 Dec 86) 94

Lawyers Note 'Shame, Disgrace' of Child Detentions

(SAPA, 10 Dec 86) 95

- f -
Human Rights Day Meeting Demands Children Release

(SAPA, 12 Dec 86) • 97

Press Restrictions Provoke Criticisms

(SAPA, various dates; BBC World Service, 13 Dec 86) 98

Jodac Warning 98

Marais: Restrictions 'Not Justified' 99

PFP's Swart Calls for Public Support 100

Law Societies: 'Serious Invasion' 100

ECC Considers Actions 101

'Unbridled Assault' Shocks IFJ 102

Journalists' Groups Discuss Impact 102

News Agencies Criticize Restrictions 103

Journalist Predicts Further Curbs 104

ARGUS Denies Part in Restrictions 105

WEEKLY MAIL Carries Officials' Numbers 106

ECONOMIC

Indian Company Quits Central Business Group

(Shirley Woodgate; THE STAR, 24 Nov 86) 108

Putco Announces Durban South Operation Closure

(SAPA, 5 Dec 86) 109

Cape Town Harbor Reels Under Recession, Fall in World Trade

(FINANCIAL MAIL, 21 Nov 86) , HI

Briefs

Strengthening of Ties With EEC Pledged 112

U.S. Engineering Firm Sells 112

Honeywell To Transfer Affiliate 112

Revlon Plans Divestiture 113

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Building Industry Urges Government To Speed Up Reform

(Frank Jeans; THE STAR, 30 Oct 86) 114

Mossel Bay Gas Project Site Revealed

(THE CITIZEN, 24 Oct 86) H5

Iscor Produces Bumper Profits

(THE STAR, 15 Oct 86) 116

Escom Coal Technology Breakthrough Discussed

(FINANCIAL MAIL, 21 Nov 86) 117

Briefs

SATS Recovery Described 118

Lignin Conversion to Glue Reported 118

~ g "
Sishen-Saldanha Railway Traffic Reported 118

First RSA-Made Solar Vehicle 119

New Fedgas Specialty Gas Facility 119

New Stainless Steel Coach Train 119

New Powerful Battery Developed 120

First Calcium Acetate Plant 120

/7310

h -
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

GM CONSIDERS OPERATIONS ON CONTINENT OUTSIDE RSA

Harare THE HERALD in English 15 Nov 86 p 5.

[Text]

AFTER it» recent decision

to sell off il» operation» in

South Africa, General

Motor» i» putting out feeler»

<m the possibility of setting

up operation» in the rest of

Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe, Nigeria and Mozambique.

The executive vice-president

of General Motors Overseas

and head of its Africa operations, Mr William Mott, this

week told Reuters in Detroit

that General Motors was interested in both mineral exports as well as vehicle sales

and manufacturing.

"We've been working a lot

with the governments of Zimbabwe and Mozambique.

There are many minerals we

could use from Zimbabwe. We

could use chrome and are

working on that," he said.

• In addition, Zimbabwe would

be a good base for assembling

vehicles from imported kits

because "it's a great market

and a great country".

But his comments have

taken many local observers

aback, mainly because they

raise many more questions

than they answer in the brief

quotes provided by Reuters.

On the vehicle assembly

front, for example, while it is

a-reed that Zimbabwe could

be a good regional centre for

General Motors, it is not clear

whether the Government would

puthorise another assembly

plant in view of its rationalisation plan for the motor industry. This plan involves the

establishment of three "vertically integrated companies or

VICs around the three existing

assembly plants in the country

smd the gradual rationalisation

of models; produced.

The main aim of the plan is

to rationalise the use of foreign

currency in importing vehicle

kits and spares, which are

generally in short supply witn

most assembly plants hot running at full capacity.

So, should General Motors

really wish to start operations

here, it could either join forces

with an existing VIC or seek

Government approval for its

own new plant. Either would

require a massive injection of

capital, which would be welcome, but then the problem of

foreign; exchange for kits

would still have to be tackled.

The only way the operation

would then be able to justify

its existence would be to move

into regional exports in a big

way. While the SADCC market

has possibilities, the PTA

.market could be more1 difficult

because General Motors already

has a plant in Kenya (and one

in Zaire).

There is also some doubt

about ithe suitability of most

General Motors vehicles,

especially its saloon cars, to

African conditions although the

designs of its Japanese partner, Isuzu, are popular in somo

parts of Africa.

But Mr Mott told Reuters

that because of the rising

strength of the Japanese yen.

some African countries had

found Japanese vehicles less

price competitive and were interested in his corporation's

vehicles, mainly "a small car

like GM's Opel Corsa". This

model is, however, a luxury

model compared to the popular

sub-compacts made by the

Japanese and in Zimbabwe

Japanese vehicles arc soil

price competitive despite the

high yen.

His reference to chrome,

however, could hold the key

as to how General Motors

hopes to overcome the foreign

currency hurdle for Imported

vehicle kits.

It is understood that the

company has long adopted a

very aggressive purchasing

policy for chrome, a major input in motor vehicles. It hap

approached several producers

around the world in a bid to

get them to sell chrome directly to it, rather than through

middlemen or brokers, often

offering "cars for chrome".

Tills has not proved popular

with some who would prefer

to get hard cash for their

chrome at current market,

rather than ilxed contract

prices.

He could, howevei', have

been talking about going into

chrome mining itself, which

would also require a welcome

massive capital investment.

The only problem is that current smelting capacity in th«

country is limited, although

there arc plans to expand it.

So, all Zimbabwe can really

say to Mr Mott is: Thank you

for considering us, but could

you please either be more

specific when talking to

journalists or, even bettet, not

talk at all until you havr completed your negotiations.

/9274

CSO: 3400/573
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT GROWING FOR SADCC'S TRADE ROUTE SEARCH

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 20 Nov 86 p 1

[Article by Lynda Loxton]

i

[Text]

INTERNATIONAL support is growing for the

move by SADGC states to

secure alternative trade

reutest

In recent weeks, international donors have

pledged TTSS180 million

for the Beira Corridor, it

has been decided to put

tariffs for imports from

Europe through Beira

and Maputo on the same

footing as those for

South African ports and

Tanzania has announced

plans to cope with increased traffic on the

Tazara line.

In addition, the move

to involve the public and

' private enterprise community in SADCC in the

upgrading and rehabilitation of the Beira Corridor

is gaining momentum

with, for example, the

Beira Corridor Group

recently formed In Zimbabwe due to visit

Maputo next week for

discussions on the proposed Beiracor group

that will help finance and

implement the Beira Corridor programme.

The Europe, South and

South-East African Conference Lines has aiso

announced that as from

January 1 container rates

from Europe to Maputo

and Beira will be aligned

with those for South

African ports.

This will eliminate the

current discrepancy between the sets of rates,

which make Beira and

Maputo US$165 or about

7 percent more expensive,

depending on the currency adjustment factor,

than Durban for importers. Most northbound

traffic or exports to Europe are dealt with in

terms of special contracts. No decision has

yet been reached to align

these tariffs as well.

The discrepancy between the two rates,

which made Beira and

Maputo less attractive

for importers, was due to

a number of factors.

These include the

longer sailing time involved; the fact that the

ro ro vessels used at

Beira and Maputo were

more expensive to

operate than the large,

deep water cellular vessels using Durban; the

need to trans-ship cargo

from Beira at Durban for

certain ports in Europe;

the limited carrying

capacity of ro ros and

the collection of terminal

handling charges from

seafreight at Beira while

it is collected direct from

the customer in Durban.

But following discussion between the Conference Lines and the

Mozambican authorities,

it was decided that in

view of the steps being

taken to improve the

Beira Corridor and send

more, cargo through the

port, some of the above

problems would fall away

or be reduced and that

tariffs should be aligned

to South African port

tariffs.

Despite the u n -

certainties caused by the

recent death of President

S a m o r a Machel and

several top Mozambican

transport officials in an

air crash in South Africa,

work on the corridor is

reported to be progressing welL Despite

South African propaganda, there have been

no serious attacks on the

corridor and freight forwarders report good

transit times and increasing Zimbabwean

interest in using Beira.

Further to the north,

Tanzania is continuing

work on the Tazara line

and the chairman of the

Tazara Council and Zambian Minister of Communications, Power and

Works, Cde FItzpatrick

Chuuia, told the Tanzania« Daily News recently

that strategies had been

devised to cope with increased traffic on the line

in the event of South

Africa hampering Frontline use of its trade

routes.

Freight forwarders in

Dar es Salaam have confirmed that the

•rehabilitation of the port

is progressing on

schedule and that Tazara

officials are making

"concerted efforts" to improve transit times. Both

import and export cargo

are moving- smoothly between Dar and Zambia

and there is no congestion at the port.

Observers believe that

should South Africa close

its borders, Beira is likely

to become Zimbabwe's

main outlet to the sea

while Dar will serve Zambia and Malawi, mainly

because of the costs and

distances involved.

But Dar freight forwarders and shippers are

keen to attract Zimbabwean traffic as weil,

and have invited forwaraing agents, importers and

exporters to visit the

port.

Local observers, however, believe that the only

way Dar could become a

viable alternative for

Zimbaowe is through the

use of the PTA clearing

house to transport payments, eliminating the

need tor hard ciirrencv

settlements. This could

wen be an issue tnat wiil

be discussed at the PTA

council of numscers meeting and heads of state

and government summit

In Ethiopia over the next

two weeks.

/9274

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INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

FIRST SADCC MACROECONOMIC SURVEY PUBLISHED

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 7 Nov 86 p 21

[Text]

DESTABILISATION activities by

South Africa against Sadcc member states has damaged property

and productive capacities worth

about US$1 610 million during

the past five years, the report has

said.

Most of the damage has been to

hundreds of schools, lorries and

houses, railway lines, bridges,

locomotive wagons (which has led

to a diversion oftraffic to the South

African transport and port system)

and other strategic economic installations such as oil and hydroelectric

stations.

The total loss ofsome physical assets has diminished productive capacity, while damage to many

others has impaired their usefulness,

[words indistinct]

and Mozambique.

The actual loss \ in productive j

capacity is even greater if one considers the area which has been rendered unsafe for normal economic

activity by South African and proxy

actions." it says.

Estimates of loss of output have

been assessed fr^om several angles.

First, there is an estimate of the

value of goods (coal, iron and steel,

sugar, etc), which could have been

exported but were prevented by the'

breakdown of transport links; and

exports of commodities (crops and

cement) which could have been

produced in Mozambique, but were

prevented by raids.

US$230M LOSS

The report states that the total loss

is estimated at about US$230 million. Second, there is an estimate of

the value of diamonds, semiprecious stones, ivory arid timber

that have been smuggled out of Angola and Mozambique by bandit

groups (MNR and Unita), and sold

in South Africa —• which is about

.USS190 million.

There is also a shortfall in agricultural and industrial production for

domestic consumption (about

USS800 million), a loss of revenue

as a result of the boycott of Maputo harbour by South Africa (about

USS260 million), and loss of

resources that went into extra military expenditure and higher transport and energy costs (about

US$2 000 million).

In addition, says the report, "extra defence expenditure of

US$3 060 million and US$660 million on refugees together give an indication of the burden imposed on

national budgets. The estimates,

detailed above altogether amount to'

US$9 780 million (there is high

probability of underestimation) —.

a staggering figure that is equal to

almost one-third of all Sadcc exports

or a tenth of total gross domestic

product over the last five years."

This, it maintains, underlines the

need for cooperation among member states of Sadcc to weather the

effects of military and economic

destabilisation. It also emphasises

the need for Sadcc's international

partners to use their influence to

stop South Africa's strategy of

regional economic aggression.

"By themselves," says the

report. "Sadcc and its member

states do not have the strength to

repel South African military and

economic aggression. Sadcc's partners in cooperation do have substantial economic and political leverage

on South Africa which they can use

to cause that country to cease violating the borders of her neighbours."

/9274

CSO, 3400/538
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

DEMOGRAPHIC WORKSHOP HELD-»(ENA)r-A five-day workshop on demographic estimates

and projections to prepare guidelines for integrating population variables in

African development planning opened here at Africa Hall yesterday. The work«»

shop, in which regional experts are taking part, will discuss issues on the

general work of demography and population and planning in agriculture, manpower ,hhealth, education and housing. Opening the workshop, Population

Division Chief of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Mr Ahmed Bahri,

said that in order to reduce the prevailing rapid growth rate of the regional

population, population should be seen by African governments as a central

component in formulating and Implementing policies and programmes for accelerated socio-economic development plans, as it was suggested during the second

African Population Conference in 1984 of the Kilimanjaro Programme of Action

(KPA) on population, Mr Bahri said that the KPA strongly suggests that

African governments should make also greater efforts in order to create in*,

creased awareness of the importance of population in the development process.

Mr Bahri urged that member states should be armed with "easy-to-apply"

measures or techniques for controlling the rapid population growth rates that

are presently inhibiting their efforts at achieving higher quality of life for

their populations, [text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English

9 Nov 86 p 6] /9274

CSOi 3400/538
ANGOLA

ANGOP SIGNS COOPERATION ACCORD WITH VIETNAM

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Sep 86 p 12

^/~TextJ7 On Thursday in Ho Chi Minh City, the general director of

the Angolan News Agency (ANGOP), Raimundo Sotto-Maior, and his counterpart from ADN, Gunter Potacbke, signed a cooperation agreement which

links the two agencies in the training and retraining of journalists.

Within this framework and according to the now-signed document,_the

news agency of the German Democratic Republic, whose collaboration

made possible the project creating ANGOP's training and_refresher

course center, will lend its aid in the form of specialists to get

the above-mentioned center started.

For its part, the Werner Lamberz International Journalism Institute

in Berlin, through the ADN, will likewise insure its support with a

view toward the operation of the ANGOP center, whose goal will be to

accept all the journalism candidates and at the same time, to insure

the retraining of professional personnel of the Angolan news agency.

For the same center, other contacts were likewise established with

other agencies with which ANGOP collaborates.

The two directors stressed the center's importance in developing

ANGOP and the prospects that this center opens for increasing

technical-professional knowledge and political training.

The general director of ADN, Gunter Potachke, assured his Angolan

counterpart of the availability of his agency in assisting ANGOP with

a view toward strengthening its foundations.

On another front, on Wednesday, in the presence of the member of the

central committee and secretary for ideological questions and foreign

relations of the Vietnamese Communist Party, Hoang Tung, the Angolan

news agency ANGOP and its Vietnamese counterpart VNA formalized their

collaboration which was established last May for the purpose of exchanging information.

The general directors of ANGOP, Raimundo Sotto-Maior, and of VNA, Dao

Tung, signed the agreement. On the same occasion, the latter signed
other cooperation agreements with TASS and Prensa Latina. At that

opportunity, the Soviet agency TASS likewise signed agreements with

the agencies from Kampuchea«

Existing bilateral cooperation was also formalized with ANGOP by its

Czech counterpart CTK when they signed the agreement that will henceforth spell out the rights and duties of each of the contracting

parties. The agreement constituted the legal framework of the alreadyexisting cooperative links between the two agencies which, based on

both countries' interest in strengthening friendly relations and

broadening mutual cooperation, committed themselves to contribute in

every way possible to bringing the two peoples closer and closer

together.

During the period in which the above-mentioned agreement will be in

effect (1986-1987), ANGOP and CTK will try to widen and:improve the

exchange of information (photos and texts) concerning events in their

respective countries and concerning their political-economic and sociocultural development.

9895

CSO: 3442/32
ANGOLA

BULGARIAN DELEGATION VISITS, DISCUSSES COOPERATION

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Sep 86 p 1

/~Excerpts_7 A delegation from the Bulgarian People's Assembly,

composed of members of the Bulgarian Communist Party and deputies,

and which is headed by Vassil Tzanov, the secretary of the central

committee for agrarian affairs, has been in Luanda since early

yesterday afternoon on a four-day friendly working visit to our

country.

At the "4 de Fevereiro" International Airport, the delegation from the_

People's Republic of Bulgaria, which is here among us at the invitation

of the People's Assembly, was warmly received by members of the

central committee of the MPLA-Labor Party, namely, Lucio Lara and

Joao "White Hair" Garcia, as well as by the second secretary of the

highest organ of state power, Casimiro Franco.

In the opinion of Vassil Tzanov, the secretary of the central committee

of the Bulgarian Communist Party, the visit, which fits into the

framework of periodic contacts, will "contribute toward strengthening

our friendship and solidarity, because there is nothing stronger than

personal contacts which will help us to find a greater and better

understanding," he stated.

Furthermore, during the contacts, the two parliaments will study the

collaboration which has been carried out. They will also analyze the

efforts made up to now by both organizations toward peace, and the

deepening of friendly relations which are nevertheless considered

excellent.

At mid-afternoon yesterday, the two delegations held a meeting in the

installations where the People's Assembly operates in Luanda. Everything indicates that at this meeting cooperation now existing between

the parliaments of Angola and Bulgaria was reviewed.

It is worth noting that the vice-minister for foreign relations and

member of the central committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party,

Mario Ivanov, and deputy of the People's Assembly and national

director of the Bulgarian Agrarian Party, Jana Zabunova, are still

a part of the Bulgarian party delegation.

9895

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ANGOLA

HUNGARIAN DELEGATION VISITS BENGUELA

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 30 Sep 86 p 12

[Text] The delegation from the attorney general's office of the republic

of Hungary, led by its attorney general, Karoly Szijarto, which arrived in

our country last Friday 126 September] at the invitation of its Angolar

counterpart, is currently visiting the province of Benguela, after being

received there by leaders of the party and the governor of that province.

At the airport of the city of Benguela, the delegation held a meeting with

the local information organizations, during which they described the goal

of the visit, which falls within the scope of exchanging experiences and

mutual knowledge of the two institutions. During the meeting, Karoly

Szijarto stressed that it is urgent to expand already existing cooperation

between the two peoples and governors, analyzing the experiences and

studies of each country.

In the province of Benguela, the Hungarian delegation visited the

agro-industrial complex "1st of May Sugar Mill" where they were

informed on site about the current level of production, which is

calculated at 150 to 2,000 tons of sugar, this amount extracted from

2,000 tons of sugar cane coming from the delegation of agriculture.

Still in the province of Benguela, the Hungarian delegation visited

the Africa Textile company, whose production is currently aimed at

supplying the south central part of the country.

It should be recalled that the delegation went to Benguela in the

company of the attorney general of the People's Republic of Angola,

Antero de Abreu, where they were honored with a dinner by Benguela's

provincial commissar, Major Joao Lourenco. On that occasion, Lourenc

stressed that South Africa is attempting to find solutions to its

internal problems outside its borders, attacking its neighboring

states in southern Africa, principally Angola. He also stressed the

solidarity that the Angolan people have received from the socialist

community, particularly from Hungary, in their struggle against the

destabilizing actions of imperialism.

9895

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ANGOLA

NEW MILITARY RANKS INTRODUCED

MB051729 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 5 Dec 86

[Text] New senior officers began their training in Luanda yesterday. At the

opening of the 11th course for senior officers, Angolan Defense Minister

Colonel Pedro Maria Tonha Pedale (?praised) the cooperation of all security

organs directly linked to the course. According to the defense minister's

statement, it is (?imperative) that the course for senior officers be

successfully completed. The cadets pledged to attain that goal.

Col Pedro Mario Tonha Pedale also referred to the aggression against our

country which has forced the People's Republic of Angola to strengthen its

military potential and increase the number of fighting men.

[Words indistinct] a new class of officers has been (?voted on) by the

people's assembly. Its general recommendations bring some changes and new

military ranks. Thus, the FAPLA forces will have the ranks of generals,

colonel generals, lieutenant generals, and army lieutenant generals. The Navy

will have the ranks of admiral, vice admiral, and rear admiral, and the ranks

of colonel, lieutenant colonel, and major will be replaced by the ranks of

captain, commander, and lieutenant commander, respectively. In the Navy, the

captains will be designated as [words indistinct]. Future second lieutenants

in the Navy will have equivalent rank to second lieutenants in the Army and

Air Force.

/9599

CSO: 3400/547
ANGOLA

UNITA REPORTS 15-20 NOVEMBER FIGHTING

MB051415 (Clandestine) Voice of Resistance of the Black Cockerel in Portuguese

to Angola 1730 GMT 4 Dec 86

[Text] A total of 105 MPLA soldiers died in battles between the Luanda

regime's forces and UNITA between 15 and 20 November in the Angolan provinces

of Benguela, Cuanza Norte, Cuando Cubango, and Moxico. This was revealed by

the chief of general staff of the UNITA armed forces in a war communique issue

in Jamba [word indistinct].

[Words indistinct] by the UNITA forces against (Ungozi) village, in Huambo

Province, resulting in the death of 27 MPLA troops. There was also an attack

against the 2d Battalion of the MPLA's 44th Brigade stationed on the right

bank of the Luember river, resulting in the death of 31 MPLA troops and the

capture of (Zeferino Capuchnho Sapilinha), a FAPLA soldier.

Among the UNITA offensives against MPLA targets, the taking of Monte Belo in

the central coastal province of Benguela is worthy of note. According to our

communique, dozens of MPLA soldiers perished there. UNIA suffered a total of

10 losses.

FALA forces routed the MPLA's bloodthirsty hordes and their Soviet and Cuban

protectors in several Angola provinces. According to trustworthy military

sources, the following operations were of special importance during the week

starting 11 November: A total of 20 MPLA troops died in Huambo Province at

0400 after 20 minutes of fighting. Our forces freed (?922) people,

victoriously attacked (Ungozi) Municipality and subsequently destroyed the

Cuene River dam. Simultaneously with these attacks, FALA forces ambushed an

enemy FAPLA-MPLA unit and set it into disarray (?over an area) of about 20 km.

As a result of these attacks, [words indistinct] 21 weapons (?10) 60-mm

mortars, and 150 (?rounds of) ammunition were captured. This operation also

led to the capture of 10 radios [word indistinct] television.

In Lunda Province, UNITA victoriously attacked (Mirena) post resulting in

dozens of deaths and the capture of 6 AK weapons, 60-mm mortar, 21 RPG-7

rockets, and 31 antipersonnel mines. UNITA regrets the loss of one heroic

FALA combatant. Three UNITA soldiers were wounded.

In Cuanza Sul Province, the paved road between Lobito and N'Gunza, formerly

Novo Redondo, remains impassable. In fact, (?more than one) column fled in

disarray as a result of an attack in which 12 vehicles were damaged and [words

indistinct]. The UNITA armed forces returned unscathed from that ambush.

/9599

CSO: 3400/547

10
ANGOLA

BROADCASTERS SEMINAR RESOLVES ADDITIONAL EFFORTS

MB050758 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 5 Dec 86

[Text] With a view to finding new ways to improve Angolan radio and

television performance, the first national seminar on radio broadcasting ended

in Luanda yesterday. The meeting decided on a number of measures of an

organizational and functional nature which, if fully implemented in the near

future, will doubtlessly permit us to have a radio and a television catering

entirely to the people's interests.

In concrete terms, among other measures, the seminar decided to maintain the

current profile of the national radio and instructed it to pay greater

attention to cultural themes. Television must fulfill its principal function

and strictly observe its objectives.

The first national seminar on radio broadcasting decided that vernacular

transmission time be increased in the two bodies and that all published

documents be translated into the national languages.

At the close of the meeting, Paulino Pinto Joao, director of the MPLA-Labor

Party Central Committee Information and Propaganda Department, said that the

mass media is the point of departure for the mobilization of the popular

masses engaged in national production tasks. He also said that other tasks

of extreme importance for the life of country await us, and that the technical

development plans approved by this seminar will demand all our dynamism and

dedication in order to be implemented.

This seminar, which ended yesterday, congregated radio and television

directors from the provincial stations as well as officials from other

information bodies over a period of 4 days.

/9599

CSO: 3400/547

11
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

MPLA ACCUSED OF CHEMICAL WARFARE—The UNITA movement in Angola has sent a

number of people of Europe after they had been contaminated by chemical

weapons used by the MPLA government forces. Our Lisbon correspondent says

those contaminated are probably being treated in West Germany, where doctors

are trying to establish beyond doubt that they were the victims of chemical

warfare. The victims are showing symptoms of having been affected by

chemicals known as C2, HC2, and VAS, which are most commonly used in Soviet

weapons. Should the tests prove positive, it will be the first time that

toxic chemicals have been used in the Angolan war. [Text] [Johannesburg

Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 5 Dec 86] /9599

SUCCESSES AGAINST UNITA REPORTED—Another 109 bandits of the UNITA puppet gang

were put out of action in the 7th military region and large quantities of

weapons were also captured in the course of the battles. According to a

military source in the 7th military region, the national defense, security,

and internal order forces freed about 45 people from the clutches of the

puppets, besides capturing a large quantity of arms [words indistinct]. The

military source in the 7th military region also stated that despite actions of

destabilization by the UNITA puppet gang, the local population continues to

carry out its production tasks because of Cuanza Sul Province's economic

potential. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 5 Dec 86]

/9599

COOPERATION WITH ZAIRE ENCOURAGED—A message from Comrade President Jose

Eduardo dos Santos was recently delivered to the Zairian head of state, Mobutu

Sese Seko, who was touring Europe and America. The message, which addresses

issues related to Angolan-Zairian relations in the framework of the bilateral

talks on common interests, was delivered in Paris by Comrade Afonso van Dunem

Mbinda, the head of Angola's diplomatic corps. ANGOP quotes Zairian radio as

reporting that both countries have been (?urged) to establish a climate of

peace, understanding, and fraternity. [Text] [Luanda Domestic Service in

Portuguese 0500 GMT 6 Dec 86] /9599

OFFICER VISITS CALANDULA—The chairman of the military council of the 9th

military region has visited Calandula Municipality. More details from our

Malanje regional station. Lieutenant Colonel Jose Ernesto dos Santos

Liberdade, chairman of the military council of the 9th region, made a working

visit to the Calandula Municipality to assess the political, military, and

12
, ^tor the 30 November attempt by UNITA to attack that socioeconomic situation after the 30 »ovemo v defense, security,

locality. He presided °

ver */^"^^heMeetings, Lt Col Liberdade

RÄÄ^inl^e SoO - 6 Dec 86] ,939,

GDR SIGNS PASSIONAL TRAININC ACHE«"^^^/Sr^iiSS"

of work and social security, and «r Wolfgang Beyre , ^ ^

for salaries, signed an annual aS

re^*°*/on temporary work and

agreement is related to thegovern^t accord on temp J ^ the GDR

classification of Angolans in GDR ^*«P*"JS^ £ ded profeSsional training

press agency the Angolan -£«£^£.5 fining cadres which are

of Angolans in the GDR as a "ntri People«s Republic of Angola. The

necessary to the national nW

0

* **?i V ^

Angolan minister, who is «"^I ' ^^J the two GDR enterprises expressed satisfaction over ^e training given by ^ ^ g ^ g6]

where Angolan youths work. [Text] IDaitar JTAJNA

/9599

FAO EXPERTS IN MALANGE--A delegation off ^f^/j^fL^by Miguel Carmen,

Agriculture Organization (FAO) of e province since

an expert from that °

r

f

nizat*°"' ^Jit. Moments before leaving

Thursday [25 September] on a working vlsxt. t tour is to lay out

Miguel Carmen told ANGOP that purpose ^f^L of choosing varieties

the first agricultural exP

er

^

e

^^P^'crops, namely manioc, peanuts,

more adaptable to the nation's differe£ <*°pS^ ]ect between the FAO

EL., macunde, sweet Pf-^f^/^S'wafbegun in 1984 and involves

and Angola's ministry of agriculture, wM.cn w b B Angolan

the provinces of Juanda, Malange and Huambo is backe J^ ^

^^^X^,5^js3r^ÄrÄ

B an

SHAE^ » ?

86 *12J 9895/9835

» * „f rpnorters from JORNAL DE ANGOLA JORNAL DE ANGOLA VISITS P^-A team of reporte« ft ^ ^

has been in the People's ReP

ublic°f

p^E'S DAILY, the official organ of

invitation of the ^^"^S^to sites of

the Chinese Communist Party. This visit in .erest the present text being

30^ 86 p 12] 9895/9835

CSO: 3442/32

13
BOTSWANA

ACTING FOREIGN MINISTER CONDEMNS APARTHEID

MB051646 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1610 GMT 5 Dec 86

[Text] The minister for presidential affairs and public administration Mr

ZTttlT/

edlfir%haS b6en Speaking firml?a*ainst the system" Srtheid practiced in neighboring South Africa. At a luncheon attended by the

Netherlands ambassador to Botswana, Mr Faber, Mr Kedikilwe pointed out that

southern Africa was going through turbulent times because of what he termed

the obnoxious policy of apartheid practiced by Pretoria. He was speaking in

his capacity as the acting minister for external affairs. He said this

country believes in the equality, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of

all peoples and countries and was completely opposed to apartheid. The

minister said that Botswana hoped that apartheid would be dismantled, but he

sySem ^

aUthorities in Pretoria

«e reluctant to dismantle the

Troll?5** f

K

f

ik±1

r "8retted the linka§e of the withdrawal of the Cuban

troops from Angola with the independence of the territory illegally

administered by South Africa. He said the withdrawal of those troops had no

relevance to the implementation of the United Nations Resolution 43?!

Si-wfT1 relations'

the lister said ties between Botswana and the

!nd techntLr,"JT 8°1 "* ?** th±S ^^ received S

eneral financial and technical assistance from the Netherlands.

/9599

CSO: 3400/547

14
BOTSWANA

CHIEPE, YUGOSLAV ENVOY SPEAK AT LUNCH

MB111211 Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 11 Dec 86

[Text] The minister for external affairs, Dr Gaositwe Chiepe, said in Gaborone

yesterday that a day would come when there would be no need for the existence

of Frontline States. Dr Chiepe was speaking at a lunch (?she held) at the

(?President) Hotel in honor of Yugoslavia's ambassador to Botswana, Mr Dusan

Litrinovic. The minister said the Frontline States is a compound body of

countries which was formed to establish peace and stability in the southern

African region. She said once peace is achieved there will be no need for its

existence. But Dr Chiepe described the Southern African Development Coordination Conference, SADCC, as a perpetuity, saying that hopefully when Namibia

will have gained her independence and stability is attained in South Africa,

the two countries will join the movement. She said SADCC member states will

then have accomplished their organisation's objective of having interdependence

rather than overdependence on one country in the region.

Dr Chiepe said Botswana was not interfering in South Africa's internal affairs,

but that the spillover of Pretoria's problems entailed neighboring countries

to comment. She said South Africa's law made apartheid legal and that was why

everybody was against Pretoria. The minister also called the South African

Government not to reform apartheid, but to dismantle the system.

For his part, Mr Litrinovic, said the task at hand was to fight against

apartheid which seeks to destabilize and jeopardize the socioeconomic independence of the region. Mr Litrinovic said the international community would

have served mankind well if it employed every tool available in the dismantling

of apartheid and the quest for Namibian independence. She [as heard] also

called for continued economic assistance to SADCC member states. Mr Litrinovic

assured Dr Chiepe of his country's cooperation in the technical, social, economic, and communications fields.

/7358

CSO: 3400/590

15
BOTSWANA

ROLE. OF GABORONE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT IN FACE OF SANCTIONS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Oct 86 p 19

[Article by Zenaide Vendeiro]

[Text] Botswana's decision to build a

new R75 million airport is paying off handsomely because of

the threat of further air sanctions against South Africa.

International airlines operating to Jan Smuts Airport are

looking for an alternative destination in southern Africa in

the event that direct air links

with South Africa are banned

— or if the Zambian and Zimbabwean governments carry

out threats to stop SA-bound

flights from landing in their

countries.

The Sir Seretse Khama international airport in Gaborone,

only 30 minutes' flying time

from Johannesburg, is seen as

the only viable proposition.

The airport, opened in December 1984, is one of the few

airports in the region capable

of handling aircraft as large as

Boeing 747s. It will, however,

have to upgrade its passenger

handling facilities and ancilliary services.

Recently British Airways

and British Caledonian were

involved in a squabble over the

rights to operate direct services to Botswana.

The licence was awarded to

BCal, which will begin twiceweekly services in April.

/12828

CSO: 3400/593

BCal said their application

was "based on legitimate requirements to provide a direct

European link for the business

community in Botswana".

JUSTIFICATION

"Botswana is a producer of

diamonds, metals and minerals

and we have proved to the CAA

(Civil Aviation Authority) that

there is ample justification for

the introduction of a direct

BCal passenger and freight service," the airline said.

"At present the substantial

Botswana business community

has no direct intercontinental

services."

The BCal service will be an

extension of an existing service

to Lusaka, in Zambia. Kenya

Airways has also announced

that it will extend its weekly

Nairobi-Harare service to Gaborone on November 5.

The two new additions mean

that Botswana now has direct

links with Swaziland, Zambia.

Zimbabwe, South Africa and

the United Kingdom.

BCal will almost certainly

be joined on the Botswana

route by other European airlines if further air sanctions

against South Africa materialise.

Sir Seretse Khama Airport

could replace Jan Smuts Airport as the "hub" of southern

Africa.

16
ETHIOPIA

TRAINING CENTER FOR PASTORALISTS TO OPEN

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 13 Nov 86 pp 1, 4

[Article by Makonnen Haile]

[Text] A training center for pastoralists, the first institution of its kind

in the country, will become operational in January 1987,

A spokesman for the Third Livestock Development Project (TLDP) said the

Gewane Pastoralists' Training Center will be offering courses in animal

husbandry, range management and related fields. The centre is located on

premises previously used by the Ministry of Agriculture to train peasants

from highland areas. He said as of January 1986, the centre was placed under

the TLDP, which is presently making all the necessary innovations to start

the training programme.

The spokesman said pastoralists selected from all three sub-project areas,

namely, Jijiga Rangelands Development Unit (JIRDU), Northeastern Rangelands

Development Unit (NERDU) and the Souther Rangelands Development Unit (SORDU),

are able to join the training centre at Gewane. Trainees aged 18 years and

above will be accepted by the centre, which is planning to receive between 20

and 40 trainees and the annual turnout is expected to be around 280. The

first batch of trainees will be picked from among Afar pastoralists and the

process will be extended to cover pastoralists in all the other sub-project

areas,

According to the head of the training and public relations section of TLDP,

the French Cultural, Scientific and technical Co-operation mission will be

providing capital investment and technical advice to the centre, under an

agreement concluded earlier between the Ethiopian and French governments.

The TLDP is operating under the Ministry of Agriculture,

The development objectives of the agreement are contributing towards the development of pastoralist societies through rationalization and modernization

of the traditional pastoral production system. The objectives also cover improvement of range management and establishment of forage reserves for livestock returning from wet grazing areas.

Other components of the agreement deal with improvement of animal health by

the provision of veterinary and livestock extension services as well as

17
promoting the formation of pastoralist associations and service cooperatives.

The centre lies on 50 hectares of land, where there are a number of buildings

serving as classrooms, dormitory, dining hall and staff quarters. It is planned to construct additional buildings in the near future and to raise the size

of personnel including teachers in order to meet the full needs of the centre.

/9274

CSO: 3400/539

18
GHANA

PLO AMBASSADOR APPRECIATIVE OF CONTINUED SUPPORT

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 30 Oct 86 p 1

(Article by Zet Mati]

(Text] THE Palestinian Liberation Organisation

(PLO) Ambassador to

Ghana, Mr Ibrahim K.

Omar yesterday said

that the PLO is proud

ofGhana's unflinching

and total support to

the Palestinian cause.

"We have the same

aims and objectives and

therefore, we need to be

together all the time,

since imperialist puppets

like Zionist Israel and

apartheid South Africa

have united in order to

frustrate the African and

Palestinain Revolutions," the Ambassador

added.

He was speaking to the

Editorial Staff of the

Graphic Corporation after paying an official visit

to the premises of the

corporation to acquaint

himself with its operations in the dissemination ofinformation in the

country.

Speaking on bahalf of

the corporation, the Editor of*The Mirrorl Mr K.

Gyan-Apenteng, said it is

very important for revolutionary forces to meet,

especially, at this particular time of history

when development of

events in the world require unity of all progressive forces in the

world.

He said that though

Ghana does not have

enough material resources it is however a known

fact that she fully supports the Palestinian

cause and that was proved beyond doubt by the

recent visit to Ghana by

the Leader of the PLO,

Comrade Yasser Arafat.

Commenting on his

impressions about his visit to the corporation, Mr

Omar said he was highly

impressed by the sophisticated nature of the

machinery and that demonstrated .the quality

of its work.

He was conducted

around the premises by

the Editorial Manager,

Mr D. A. Okine, and the

Assistant Personnel Officer, Mr Franklin Sarpong.

/9274

CSOi 3400/561

19
GHANA

CANADIAN OIL EXPLORATION SCHEDULE, PLANS

AB082138 Accra Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 8 Dec 86

[Text] Oil exploration on land by Petro-Canada in the Half Assini area is

expected to start next week. A shipload of equipment including a drilling rig

has already been offloaded at Takoradi Harbor. Another vessel is expected to

dock at the harbor to discharge more equipment.

The Canadian high commissioner to Ghana, Aubrey Mornatz, today paid a courtesy

call on the Western regional secretary, Lieutenant Colonel William Thompson,

to find out the preparations being made toward the commencement of the oil

exploration. Mr Morantz and Col Thompson, accompanied by the project leader

of Petro-Canada, Mr (Bill Roskey), visited Takoradi Harbor to inspect the

equipment which is expected to be transported to the drilling site from

tomorrow.

The inland oil exploration in the Tano basin near Half Assini followed an

agreement signed between the Ghana National Petroleum Corp. [GNPC] and

Petro-Canada in October this year. Mr Morantz said Canada is spending 8.5

million Canadian dollars on the exercise. He explained that the money is a

Canadian grant to Ghana. The GNPC is to finance the cedi equivalent of the

oil exploration which covers an area of about 10 by 40 kilometers around Half

Assini.

Mr (Roskey) said initially three wells will be drilled. These are expected to

be completed by the middle of this month. He said a total of 18 wells will be

drilled. According to him, it takes 6 days to drill one well which is 2,000

feet deep. Mr (Roskey) said 140 personnel, including 40 Canadians who are

already in the country, will work on the project. Col Thompson assured the

high commissioner that the regional administration will ensure that the

Canadians enjoy their stay in Ghana during the period of the oil exploration.

/9599

CSO: 3400/579

20
GHANA

FUNDING FOR NORTHERN POWER PROJECT OUTLINED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 5 Nov 86 p 1

[Text]

SEVEN international financial institutions and

the Volta River Authority (VRA) are contributing 1.01.6 million

dollars towards the

Northern Ghana electrification project,

World Bank Resident

Representative, Seung

H. Choi, disclosed in

Accra yesterday.

Mr Choi said the VRA

will, in addition, provide

an unspecified cedi component, towards the 101.5

million-dollar project

known as the Northerr

Grid.

'The European Investment Bank and the Commonwealth Development

Corporation will give a 1O:

tal of 36.7 million dollars,

while the African Development Bank (ADB) and

the Saudi Fund will provide 38.3 and 4.5 million dollars respectively.

The Canadian Internationa) Development Association (("IDA) will provide 7.5 million dollars and

5.(1 million dollars will

come from the Japanese

Export and Import Bank.

The International Development Association

'tIDA). which is the World

Bank's soft-loan arm. will

lend 6.3 million dollars

while the VRA will provide

3.2 million dollars.

Mr Choi said the loans

have been "substantially

negotiated for" and agreement on them will be finalised by next month.

The Northern Grid project which takes off in January, next year, involves

the extension of the national grid from Kumasi

through Techiman and

Kintampo to Bolgatanga.

Another line will extend

from Techiman to Sunya-

»>• . .

The project also includes the improvement ol

diesel generating facilities

in the Brong-Ahafo. Northern. I'pptr Ens! and

I'pperWest Hegions where

supplies from th> national

•„rid will not I« aval

iahle —GN.V

/9274

CSOs 3400/561

21
INCREASE REGISTERED IN EXPORT OF MAJOR COMMODITIES

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 14 Nov 86 p 4

GHANA

[Text]

GHANA'S exports this

year registered' a 72.3

million-dollar increa»

se over- las* year's

534.8 million dollars

for. the 'period' from

January-October, according to figures released; to the GNA in

Accra yesterday by

the Bank ofGhana.

This, year's, exports

were boosted mainly by

cocoa proceeds which

shofe.up» from 368.1 million last year to 467.9

million dollars this year,

representing: a. 30.6 per

cent increase.

The 607.1 million dol-

. Urs worth of commodities exported during the

fast ten months of this

year mean increases of

.3:7 per: cent'and 5.3 per

cent over the whole of

1985 and 1984 respectively.;

Gold exports also rose

from 79.7 million dollars

to 83.8 million dollars

while sheanuts, a nontraditional export commodity,' grew from 2.7

million dollars to 7.7 million dollars.

Diamond exports remained at 4.5 million

dollars^ while combined

figures for agricultural

and manufactured pro?

ducts tumbled to 1.8 million' dollars,from 13^9

million dollars recorded

upto October last year.

Records for manganese, available only up to

May, indicated 1.8'million dollars in exports as

against 2.8 million, dollars for January-October

1985,

Proceeds from timber

exports were 16.5 million

dollars from 17.3 million

dollars for January-October last year. But Bank

of Ghana officials said

this year'sfigure could be

much higher because

only four out ofthe seven

dealer banks had

submitted returns, and

even those werenot up to

date.

Residual.oil and liquified petroleum gas also

tell to 13.2 million dollars

from 30.2 million dollars

last year. This was attributed by bank officials to

a global fall in the price

ofthe commodity!

/9274

CSO» 3400/561

22
GHANA

SURVEY INDICATES FURTHER ECONOMIC GROWTH EXPECTED

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC In English 8 Nov 86 p 1

[Article by Kwaku Nehemia]

[Text]

PRELIMINARY

survey has indicated that •* the

country's economy

will record a further 5.3 per cent

growth rate in real

terms this year as

against 5.1 per cent

in 1985, Dr Kwesi

Botchwey, Finance

and Economic

Planning Secretary has said in

Kumasi.

Inflation has reduced drastically

from 116 per cent in

1983 to about Id per

cent and production

has recorded a modest increase.

Speaking on the

theme, "The performance of the national economy under

the Economic Recovery Programme

(ERP) Phase II and

the role of chiefs in

the realisation of set

economic goals" at a

meeting of the National House of

Chiefs yesterday, Dr

Botchwey however,

warned that this appreciable achievement should not

make Ghanaians

swollen-headed and

relaxed.

Rather, it should galvanise Ghanaians into more

action to salvage the economy from the doldrums.

He said the achievements recorded so far since

the launching of the ERP

is the beginning of the long

and arduous task of rebuilding the nation.

The Secretary said one

major contributory factor

of the success is the response of the workers and

the entire populace to policies initiative under the

ERP.

The Finance Secretary

gave the assurance that

the government is bent on

achieving the set objectives of the medium-term of

the ERP to push the nation's development forward but he, however, indicated that this will depend to a large extent op

the contribution and sacrifices of the people.

"We have to postpone

our consumption and be

prepared to sacrifice for

the betterment of the nation."

He said the fundamental

point of the ERP is that a

strong foundation is being

laid for a continued and

improved performance of

the economy, adding that,

to maintain the growth

momentum of the past two

years, we need to reinforce

the policies being pursued

by the government.

Dr Botchwey advised

chiefs to show good leadership and mobilise their

people to undertake viable

and feasible economic

ventures to augment government's effort at transforming the nation.

He emphasised the need

for active mobilisation of

available internal resources for development, saying that "mobilisation is

one of the hinge-pin of the

ERP." _, , ' "We must declare it a

crime if any individual fails

(o participate in communal labour."

He suggested to the

chief's to use Ghanaian

traditional concept such as

the Nnoboa system as

tools for mobilisation.

Otumfuo Opoku Ware

II, the president of the

House, assured the government of the support of

chiefs in the country and

said they shall put. in maximum effort to ensure the

success of the ERP.

/9274

CSO: 3400/562

23
COMPUTER ASSEMBLY PLANT EXPECTED IN ACCRA

Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 14 Nov 86 p 4

GHANA

[Text] A CKNTKE to assemble

micro-computers is

soon to be established in

Accra.

The computers with the.

trade mark "Omari" are

built by a 28-year-old

Ghanaian computer expert, Thomas Kwame

Omari, who is with the

Lockheed Aircraft Company of Los Angeles and

Technical Director of

Omari Computer Systems.

Omari started building

computers six years ago

and now has gone into full

scale operation with a

subsidiary — Omari Computer Limited in Accra.-

His father, Dr • Peter

Omari, a former international civil servant with

the United Nations,-and

managing director of the

Ghana company, disclosed

this to the Ghana News

Agency.

The Omari computers

are working in cooperation with management information and

computer consultants who

build programmes for each

of the computers before

sales.

Ghana Business Research Limited are the

marketing agency.

The Ornari computers

are on show at the InterTourism '86 fair.

Dr Omari said his company is not only interested

in selling computers but

would make sure that those who buy them can use

them properly and have

the necessary programmes

to benefit from their use.

"We are not interested

in just selling a machine.

We want to sell something

which will be worthwhile

to the buyer".

He said "for example,

the company has worked

out a programme to help

hoteliers to schedule their

bookings, know the position of stocks and list of

lodgers arid other details in

"just a matter ofminutes".

Prices of the Omari

computers, he asserted,

would be much cheaper

than other comparable

versions on the market

now. "Our computers are.

compact, steady and tough

and need not necessarily be

kept in air conditioned

rooms asthey have built-in

heavy duty cooling systems".

"They are also provided

with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) which

could keep a computer,

working for some 15 to 30

minutes after power has

been abruptly cut off', he

added.

/9274

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24
SURVEY REVEALS GREAT HOUSING SHORTAGE

GHANA

Kampala NEW VISION in English 28 Oct 86 p 2

[Article by Francis Kokutse]

[Text]

A SURVEY conducted by

Ghana's Ministry of Works

and Housing has shown

that the country has a deficit of 250,000 housing units

which has to be tackled for

the present accomodation

problem is solved.

The survey revealed th*t

at the present population

growth rate, there is need to

orovide 70,000 housing units

each year to give workers a

rooi over their heads.

The survey also revealed

that since independence very

little attention has been paid

to the housing problem,

leading to the present

shortages.

The Government has commissioned the Ministry of

Works to formulate a

housing policy to provide

the country with enough

awv-.modation. . A national

homing policy to take effect

in January next year

under a thrae year action

plan covering 1987 - 1990,

has been prepared. The

policy hopes to de-ciowd

the urban centres from the

present 12.18 household

occupancy rate to «even.

Between the next two

years, the Ministry projects

that an annual delivery of

133,000 units would be

needed to provide a relief for

the people.

To achieve the set objectivesunder the action plan,

a National Housing Board

is to be set up to advise

the government on the formulation and revision of the

National Housing Policy. The

Board will coordinate activities of all agencies concerned

with housing. It will determine building standard codes

as well as encourage and

develop housing cooperatives

and provide incentive«! to

private developers.

The Board will also

expect to take action to

complete all uncompleted

public housing units in the

country.

/9274

CS0J 3400/562

25
GHANA

BRIEFS

BULGARIA INCREASES COCOA PURCHASES—Ghana and Bulgaria have signed a protocol

agreement under which Bulgaria will buy additional 1,000 tonnes of cocoa from

Ghana, A release from the Bulgarian Embassy in Accra said the protocol was

signed during the one-week official visit to Sofia by Mr Kofi Djin, Secretary

for Trade, at the invitation of his Bulgarian counterpart. As a result of

the agreement three experts from Bulgaria visited Ghana to study the possibility of increasing cocoa production through Improvement of infrastructure in

farming areas, transportation of cocoa to the ports and storage facilities.

The release said the experts also discussed the possibility of increasing livestock production in the country with Bulgarian assistance. Prior to the signing of the protocol, Mrs Aaanaa Enin, a member of the PNDC, had visited

Bulgaria for one week. She said during the tour she held fruitful discussions with Mr C. Alexandrov, a member of the political bureau of the Bulgarian

Communist Party on future cooperation between the governments of the two

countries. As a result of another agreement between the Bulgarian Fatherland

Front and the Ghana CDRs, the Front has presented the CDRs with a number of

gifts including 20 typewriters, 35 bicycles, canned frults.and 15 cameras,

the release added. [Text] [Accra PEOPLE'S DAILY GRAPHIC in English 1 Nov 86

p 8] /9274

CSOJ 3400/562

26
GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

BANK OFFICIALS EMBEZZLE FUNDS—Guinea-Bissau authorities have just discovered an

operation which has been going on for more than a year, in which foreign exchange

totaling 29 million contos has been diverted and funneled out of the country.

Several employees of the National Bank of Guinea-Bissau have been charged with

diverting the foreign exchange entering the country into their private accounts

in Lisbon. Uncovered by a bank employee, the case has led to dozens of arrests

and the Exchange Service has been shut down. However, some employees alleged to

be implicated managed to flee to Senegal and Portugal. One of those who fled to

Portugal told us that he was phoning Bissau every day to say that "some of those

involved have not been caught yet." He explained» "High officials of the bank,

who have not been arrested, were also involved." This is really another blow to

the already impoverished country, which has been totally without electric power

for more than 3 weeks. The Angolan gasoil to fuel the power plants is no longer

being supplied because Guinea-Bissau has not paid its bill. Gabao, the last

resort, has already said it will not sell any more fuel to Bissau. Bissau is

at a standstilli the radio is silent and the official newspaper is not going to

press. Meanwhile, the authorities have installed a generator in the Hall of

Congresses for the Fourth PAIGC Congress, which begins its proceedings today.

[Text] [Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 8 Nov 86 p 12] 6362

BAFATA RESISTANCE MOVEMENT~It is called the Bafata Movement because it was born

in Bafata, in Guinea. Its purpose is to foster the resistance to the regime of

Nino Vieira. In recent days, it distributed copies of its program and statutes

in Portugal. In addition to its nucleus here, it appears to have strong branches

in Paris and Senegal—and, obviously, in Guinea. Dr Viriato Pan, former attorney

general in Bissau, who was recently executed by the Guinea-Bissau authorities,

haSIlreaSy joined this movement. [.Text] [Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 8 Nov 86

p 10] 6362

CSOt 3442/34

27
KENYA

AFRO-ARAB COOPERATION FUNDS NEW ROAD TO NORTHEAST

Nairobi THE SUNDAY TIMES in English 16 Nov 86 p 6

[ Text ] THIS year has; seen. the start of

works ona 125-km section (KalangaLaga Hamaris) of weimportant new

highway linking Nairobt with

Garissa.

The section under construction is

largely financed by Arab aid. The

Arab Bank for Economic Development inAfrica (BADEA) signed on

September 15 aloan for ö^million

dollars, repayable over 17 years with

4 years of grace and interest at 6 per

cent. The Saudi Fund for Develop-.,

ment is contributing a soft loan'for

23.16 million dollars. The rest ofthe

finance; or 487 million dollars, is.

provided by the Kenya Government*.

Kenya has been one of the leading

beueficieries of Afro-Arab cooperation, because of her good

record on project implementation,

the; Arab Government and agencies

financed by them have committed a

total 6f 467.9 million dolarsVin

1974-85 to assist the country's

development. ' •■■'

''.:. Most ofthis money was spent on

carefully appraised:' development

schemes, ranking high on the Kenyan

Government's priority list. These

principally inchidedroad transport;

agriculture and industry. " '

BADEA, which- has blazed %e

trail in this cooperation for'devefopment; often acted as catalyst to attract otherArab finance for Kenya,

apart from hävingritself contributed

loans totalling Over: 30s million

dollars, not including the latest

/13104

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commitment;

BADEA operations in Kenya have

reflected the general thrust ofArab

development, aid in regard to-.

economic sectors. One third of the

total went for a road of key importance not only to Kenya but also to

neighbouring Sudan: Lodwar *-

Kakuma Highway. Five million

dollars contributed to the success of

an agricultural development programme in central Kenya where vitalr

ly. important transport and other

equipment was imported with the

help of BADEA loan..

Another five million dollars were

loaned to the Kenyan Development

Bank which in turn assisted a

number of small local, industrial

enterprises in what is one of the most

imaginative and effective schemes in

Africa to help indigenous industrial

development. Some 3.6 million

dollars were lent by BADEA, its

associate, the Special Arab Fund for

Africa,,they have since merged with

the bank) to assist in' overcoming

balance of payments problems arising from the sudden increase in fuel

prices in the 70s.

The two communities of Arab and

African states meeting for their first

summit in 1977 pledged to: work

together in a wide rangeof activities,'

including trade and private investment and cultural exchanges.

Much of this programme remains

to be implemented. Kenya, one of

the most developed and outward^

looking countries in Africa, offers

particularly good opportunities for

joint ventures in aH manner of fields.

28
KENYA

ITALIAN ASSISTANCE, SOFT LOANS, PROJECTS DETAILED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 22 Nov 86 p 2

[Article by William Onyango]

[Text] KENYA is to receive shs. h*

billion (about US $90 million):

from Italy- in grants and soft

loans:

, Signing: the agreement the

Minister for Finance, Prof.

George Saitoti, who was accompanied by theMinister for

Water Development, Mr: Paul

Ngei, said for the past three

^ayJvJtoJKenjiai^gveniment;

officials had been holding

consultations with- the Italia»

government - officials as-*

follow-up to the bilateral

meeting held in some. last year"

The minister said tne Kenyan delegation was headedby himself while the Italian

delegation was led by Mr.

Maria RaffaeHi, the Minuter

for. Co-orperation in ttte

Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

, He said the talks were coirdial and frank and both

delegations exchanged views,

of- mutual interest. They:

agreed to continue strengthening relations between the two

-eountriess

-He saidthe Kenyan- delegatioir proposed to the Italian

delegation projects of high

priority for funding. "Italian

government through the

Italian delegation, agreed to

provide additional aid-to

Kenya, amounting to US

dollars 90 million (shs.

-r;4«8,161,000) both as grants

and soft loans.

Pians

The money would be- used

on Kilimanjaro-KajiadoMachakos water supply —

$35.0msoft loan and grant;

food storage — 55,0m grant,

Moi University computer section — $0i9m grant, Mbita

minor irrigation — $0.8m

grant, refuse collection —

$3.9m soft loan, Rift Valley

Institute of Science and

Technology — $4-2m grant,.

Kuja? River study —r Sl.Snt

grants fish project- on Lake

Victoria —7.0m-. soft loan,

bricks andtiles— $6.0m soft

loan» Western Kenya- irriga*

tiott—$6.0m grant, telecommunication— $7.0m soft loan

and health r- $2.7m grant.

Various commodities will

receive' a SlO.Qmgrant.

Saitoti on behalf of the

Kenya-government said the.

economic cooperation between Kenya and Italy had

beengrowing fast; Particularly for the last two years»- Italy

had responded remarkably

well-to the request made' by

Kenya for assistance to combat the drought of 1984.

He saut in this.respect Italy

had supplied to Kenya commodities worth. US SW-O

million in addition to grants

and soff loans for implementationof development projects29
such as food storage* afforestation and. irrigation.

Hesaidcurrently theKenya

government had shs. 150

million held by the paymastergeneral raised from Italian

commodities.

The minister explained the

money was knownas counterpart funds, which the governmatt of Italy had kindly

agreed Kenya could use part

ot in purchasing buses to

boost thedtystransportation

system. The buses would be

added to the existing ones beingoperated by the Kenya National Youth Service in

Nairobi.

/13104

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30
BELGIAN AID PROGRAM FOCUSES ON HEALTH, TRANSPORT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 29 Nov 86 p 3

KENYA

[Article by Dough Charaggu]

: The Finance Minister,;

[ Text ] Professor. George Saitoti,

yesterday signed an aid

programme of Sh294 million,

with the Belgian- State

Secretary for Development

Mr Kempinaire..

The programm« will Cooperation the. period between.

1987-1991. Among the sector« is

the control of Aid» (Acquired

Immune Disease Syndrome) by

audio visual media.

The aid package alsoincludesa

-' donation of 10 commuter/buses to

the. Kenya-' Government to bar

added to the fleet in Nairobi. .

The ajd> package1 was a result

of a;- three-day first Kenyan

/Belgian Joint Commission

meeting which reviewed ongoing

• and new projects. The ongoing

project» reviewed, included,

marine sciences,. oceanography

and Artemia in Mombasa.

Other were water development

. dam- construction! and. desUtmg,

renewable source» of energy —

setting up wind, farm projects'ir*

Marsabit and solar poweredpumps in Ngong Hüls area and

' urban transportation in Nairobi

- where phaseone ofthe identification study hasbeen finalised.

...The areas of extentios wereagreed on. as: Health —' the

control of Aids, water —

additional dam construction and

provision of equipment and the

transportin GreaterNairobi.

The second phase of feasibility

study will be financed to develop

- and interconnect the Kenya

- Kailway system with the periurban areas. , ,

Prof Saitoti . said the discussions' had yielded concrete corah

mitment and greater co-operation

between' the two countries. He

said the signing indicated Belgian

desire to.see sound and

meaningful development in

KenyaHe singled out the building of

dams and dasilting as important

in the. country's development. Jt

would trap rain- water few use htirrigation and for people's consumption durmg severe drought. .'

He;said that experience had

shown Kenyans that need to use

jdams as a natural way of^conservingwater forirrigation. '

Prof Saitoti announced that"

the Belgian Government had

agreed to- give scholarships to

Kenyans'to study telecom-!-

munications.

nie Minister said that the

Belgian Government had agreed

to help Kenya develop industry.

Efforts would be made to

promote small-scale and middlescale industries through „cooperation.

Prof Saitoti said. industrial

development aimed -at small

. industries was Government s' .

focus.as it would create- more

employment and directly benefit'

the poor and unemployed.

He said the Government was

committed to the creation of

more' jobs through small-scale

-industries.:

/12828

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31
KENYA

IDA ASSISTANCE FOR SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 4 Nov 86 p 4

[Article by Anderea Morara]

I Text J Kenya ia. to receive a Sh99

million loan from the- International Development

Agency, an affiliate of the

World Bank.

According to the World Bank

News,_ the money will go into

providing financial assistance,

training and management counselling to small-scale industries.

The money, to be channelled

through the Kenya Industrial

Estates, will assist 200 smallscale industries, which employ

about 1,500 workers.

The credit scheme is expected

to help develop local

entrepreneurs and make consumer goods from materials

available to lower income groups.

The project is to be completed

in 1995, by which time it will

have used up some Sh270 million.

The World Bank has also

approved a $452 million loan for a

/13104

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Nigerian programme to restructure the economy.

The Trade Policy and Export

Development Loan, the largest

ever to an African country from

the World Bank, will support a

set of trade and export policies

designed to increase domestic

production and make the

economy less dependent oh the

oil sector arid imports.

Part of the loan will go to

Nigerian importers through the

Second-tier Foreign Exchange

Market (SFEM) launched in

September.

Under the SFEM, the

exchanger rate for the Nigerian

naira will be determined by

market forces.

Together with other measures,

such as the abolition of the

import and export licensing

system, correction of the naira

valuation through the SFEM

should boost Nigeria's non-oil

exports, hasten economic growth

and increase employment, the

report says.

32
KENYA

MINISTRY WITHDRAWS CONTROVERSIAL COFFEE PLAN

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 6 Nov 86 pp 1, 24

[Article by Irungu Ndirangu]

[ Text ] The Government:' yesterday

withdrew the controversial new::

method of paying-coffee.farmer»

for produce delivered to theKenya' Planters* Co-operative'

Union; to be iold by the- Coffee

Board of Kenya; -

The decision was announced by

the Minister'for Agriculture, Mr■■■

Odongo ümamo, at a press conference in Nairobi. . He-was flanked by the chairman

of the Coffee Board of Kenya, Mr

Stephen Michoma,. and the

board's general manager, 'Mr"

Patrick Katingima.

•Mr Omamo- said the Government had decided.' to go along

with the wishes of the farmersand pay them, on a weekly basis,

as the coffee proceeds, come —«

which is what has been the:

system.

Coffee growers were told ofthe

' new system, in a

-

circular dated

October-9;- They were' debated

Mr Omamo: "Itworkedwell»

publicly for; the first time by

farmers; at a,meeting in Ruiru on

October 24.

Farmers were; to be paid for

thei»; produce in- four- predetermined instalments. The

Government had proposed that

coffee growers be given «first

payment of £600 a tonne, a=

second paymentof£500 a tonne, a:

third of £500 a tonne and a fourth

at a rate- to: be determined by

trends on the world market

through,the year.

The coffee yea* starts on

October 1 and ends on September

31.

At' the Ruiru: meeting, coffee

growers argued that they would

be forced to borrow'-money to run

their farms while thier dues

were held by the. Coffee Board;

They appointed a committee- to

see the Minister over the matter

and threatened to withhold

deliveries until the-new proposal»

wererescinded:

Yesterday, Mr Omamo heeded

the farmers* complaint and said':

"The suggestion*,the Government

has. realised, will-tie up.-a< lot' of

money, unpaid to farmers and the

Government has made a decision

immediately to revert, to the old

systemof paying fanners. The old

system.should continue." . He went on: "The old system

has worked well, putting into the

pockets of farmers more moneymore frequently and then- the

final payment as-dictated by the

world market. The coffee farmers,

co-operative unions'— the lot,

should rest assured that the. old

ordercontinues. '

"I must say this proposal did

help the coffee industry check

how' coffee producers would like

to be paid. They want the old

system -to continue. May I take

this opportunity to appeal to

producers not to relax their coffee,

husbandry as- the suspension of

the quota system continues and

Kenya will benefit- only by

producing as much coffee as she

can"-.

The Government, he said, had

realised that in a coffee year, and

before the final payment under

the new Government: proposals,

the farmers would have been paid

a total £1,600 per tonne.

The chairman, Coffee Board,

Mr Stephen Michoma, praised

the Minister for the decision. The

proposals had put both the Board

and the Kenya Planters Cooperative Union in conflict with

farmers.

33
The announcement, he «aid,

had come as a relief.

If the plan had been effected,

sour relations between the two

bodies and farmers would have

antagonised 'farmers and the

Government.

Mr Mlchoma said coffee

growers would be informed of the

reversal through the Coffee

Marketing Committee, which

was meeting .yesterday in

Nairobi:

Mr Katingima said under the'

old system farmers were paid

weekly as their coffee was

delivered, milled and classified.

The new payment system was

the subject of heated discussion

at a coffee growers meeting at

Ruiru last month. The farmers

threatened to withhold deliveries

to the KPCU unless the proposals

were cancelled:

Yesterday, Mr Henry Kinyua

the KPCU general manager,

remarked that if farmers had

carried out their threat, milling

schedules at KPCU would have

been disrupted.. •'

/13104

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34
KENYA

ASSISTANT EDUCATION MINISTER WARNS OF HIGHER SCHOOL FEES

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 11 Nov 86 p 5

[Text] THE slump in the educational budset from the

present 34 per cent to 29

per cent will heavily commit

parents to provide the facilities, that hitherto had been

availed by the Ministry of

Education, Science and

Technology.

An Assistant Minister for

Education, Science and

Technology, .Mr. Samson

M'Maiwi. has therefore,

asked parents tö take up the

challenge to avoid last

minute rush.

M'Maitsi, who was

addressing parents, teachers

and students of Mumias

High School, Kakamega

district, said as much as the

government would like to

help boost education in the

country, it had equally

important sectors that

needed funding:

He urged parents who

were opposed to whatever

development the schools'

board of governors envisaged to reform as their

adamant rejection of such

ambitious plans could retard

the academic performance

of their institutions.

Turning to students,

M'Maitsi reminded them of

the need to work hard so

that they could excel in

their studies adding that this

would help them be useful

not only to their guardians

but also to the overall

development .of the country.

He pointed out that, however, hard students, tried,

success will remain elusive if

they did not cultivate a sense

of responsibility, which

maintained was a necessary

tool in warding off vices like

thuggery and hooliganism.

M'Maitsi cautioned

students to steer clear of

what he termed "experimental parenthood" saying

that many students had had

their academic lives ruined

through engaging in

immoral activities.

Addressing the same

gathering, the chairman of

the school's board of

governors, Mr. Boniface

Mandu, said that the school

had been salvaged from near

collapse and was on a steady

recovery.

He disclosed that the

school had repaid an outstanding debt of shs. 600,000

which the 'school had

incurred through the excesses of previous administrations.

Mandu commended

parents and teachers for

their co-operation which has

helped the schopl maintain

its performance both in

national examination and

extra curicular activities

despite a myriad of problems

that had bedevilled the

school.

/13104

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35
KENYA

HEALTH MINISTER ON POSSIBLE DEMISE OF FREE HEALTH CARE

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 7 Nov 86 p 36

[Article by Kenneth Mwema]

[Text] The high expenditure

incurred by the Government

in providing- free medical

services has reached a stage

where the- public: has to pay

for some^ of the services,.

Health Minister Mr Peter

Nyakiamo said yesterday.

He said-the ministry would bev

spending- Sh2,40O million: during

the current financial year- forrecurrent' and; development

expenditure-.

MrNyakiaino-was-opening,theannual general conference of the

Association- of. Public - Health

Officers at a Mombasa hotel.

; He said: "Health services

compose thesecond largest expenditureir*ourbudgetto education. .

and if the trend continues-we

would be doing so> atthe expense

of other services."

. Mr Nyakiarao told the public

health technicians drawn from ail

over the republic thatservices like

roada and'housingwould be affected if most. of the funds, were

being spent on education and.

health services. - He added: "We have reached a

.stag» when* the public would b»

required to pay for some off the

services a» a- means;, of- cutting

clown the expenditure."

The Minister said Ministry of

Health personnel should also look,

into possibilities of cutting, downexpenditure-by stressing preventive medicine.

He said a- scheme of service- for

medical and public health personnel was ready and would- be

revealed soon-. The- Ramtu Com^

mission, he said, had recommended that a. committee be

established,toprepare the scheme

/13104

CSO: 3400/581

and make its recommendations.

. lhe Minister addedr "I can

assure you now that the scheme is

ready, and it will be outsoon."

He said the association "was

expected to liaise closely with the

Ministry in making constructive

and objective suggestions on how

environmental' health, services

.could-be improved.

Mr Nyakiamo said the success-

»r failure in improving health

services, could not be attributed

to the ministry alonev but to all

involved in providing positive

health lor all by the year 2000.

1 he Minister told the participants that:the association had a

duty to • ensure- that society's

expectations were-fulGHed.

He urged them to be more

involved in- research and to keep

themselves informed: of environmental health issues. This could

be achieved through-the production ofscientific journals, hesaid.

"My Ministry would be-willing

fo support and.assist you in thesr

endeavour«. I ant glad that you:

are in the process-, of producing

your own journal," hesaid.

Mr- Nyakiamor: said that

through the efforts of public

health- officers, diseases. like

smallpox, tuberculosis, typhoid

and plague had either been

eradicated or reduced con- siderably.

He- stressed the need- for

health workers to understand

the cultural backgrounds of the

communities they served-as a

means dealing with their health

problems.

Among those who attended the

official opening were the Director

<>l Medical Services, Dr Karuga

Ivmnange and the Coast Provincial Medical Officer, DrA. Oyoo

36
CENTRAL BANK GOVERNOR ON ECONOMIC GROWTH

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 21 Nov 86 p 24

KENYA

[Article by Paul Muhoho]

, , The country's economy is

I Text J expected to grow by 4.9 psr

cent compared to 4.1 per cent

last year, the Governor of the

Central Bank, Mr Philip

Ndegwa, said last night.

At the same time, the inflation

rate, has declined to less than 5

per cent, a major factor in the

country's economic recovery

efforts, he told a Kenya Institute

' : of Bankers' dinner at Serena

Hotel in Nairobi.

Mr Ndegwa said the

agricultural sector had made

significant recovery, which had a

favourable impact on other

sectors of the economy, especially

manufacturing and construction

which continued to register an

upward trend.

High export prices of coffee,

fairly stable tea prices and the

decline in import of crude oil and

oil products were attributed to

the economic success.

But the governor observed

that agricultural products,

despite their success in the world

market, could easily and without

warning "turn against us". He

said: "It is therefore necessary

that we take advantage of the

present favourable situation to

consolidate and build on the

gains that have been made.

"In particular, there is need to

guard against allowing the

monetary expansion, arising from

favourable balance of.payments,

leading to inflationary pressures

— because such a development

would begin undermining

stability in the interest rates,

foreign exchange rates and

balance of payments."

He decried the widening trade

gap — the expanded value of

needed imports and the fall in the

growth of value of exports — and

said definite measures to curb the

trend must be taken by ensuring

that future growth in imports was

financed through export earnings.

Mr Ndegwa said the country

needed to diversify exports particularly high value commodities,

manufactured or processed

products.

On the population issue, the

governor said planning must be

given priority because fewer

resources were available for new

infrastructure and capital investments which were vital components of long term growth.

On the international scene, Mr

Ndegwa said rich nations had not

yet fully understood the plight of

developing nations, citing the

response of Africa's proposals at

the United Nations General

Assembly in June.

Among the problems facing

African nations were protectionist tendencies, capital inflows

and their overall debt problem,

saying: "Performance at the

international level is still far

below what is feasible, desirable

and indeed equitable as far as

developing nations are concerned."

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37
KENYA

NEW TEA MARKETING BODY ESTABLISHED

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 7 Nov 86 p 32

[Article by William Onyango]

[Text] A NEW body-the Nyavo Tea

Zones Development

Corporation charged with

the task of transportation

and marketing of tea locally

and overseas, has been

established.

This is contained in the

Kenya Gazette of today.

President Daniel arap Moi

in exercise of the powers

conferred upon him by the

State Corporations Act

announced the establishment

of the state corporation

which is to be known as the

Nyayo Tea Zones Development corporation which shall

be a body corporate with a

board constituted ;n

accordance with the Act.

The Gazette notice further

stated that the new

corporation would. in

consultation with the Chief

Conservator of Forests,

create as part of#the forests

and without excision from

the forests, tea growing

zones, to be known as the

"Nyayo Tea Zones".

These will be gazetted

forests in those areas of

Kenya where the Kenya Tea

Development Authority does

not, in accordance with the

schedule to the Kenya Tea

Development Authority

Order, operate. President

Moi said.

The notice said any tea

growing area created and

developed in a gazetted

forest by the government,

prior to the making of the

order, would be deemed to

have been created by the

corporation. under the

order.

The corporation would

manage and foster the

development of tea growing

in zones created.

It will establish, manage

and develop tea plantations,

establish and manage

nurseries for the cultivation

of tea sedlings: establish,

manage and maintain tea

processing factories and

process tea therein: construct

and maintain access roads.

/13104

CSO: 3400/582

38
KENYA

SUGARCANE OUTPUT DECLINES BY 40 PERCENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 24 Nov 86 p 10

[Text] Sugarcane production in the

country declined by 40 per

cent between 1979 and 1985,

the Director of.the National

Sugar Research Station at

Kibos, Dr M. Ü. Osoro, has

said.

He was speaking at the closing

of a seminar of the Kenya Society

of Sugarcane Technologies in

Kisumu town. He also introduced

the director of the Kenya

Industrial Training Centre, Mr C.

K. Kasina, to the participants.

'Mr Kasina officially closed the

seminar.

Dr Osoro said that sugarcane

farmers lose 23 per cent of their

produce in the factories.

He said that it had not been

established why there should be

any loss.

Addressing the participants,

Mr Kasina stressed the importance of training. He said it was

one way-to boost efficiency.

The seminar was attended by

supervisory staff from the sugarcane industry. It discussed the

maintenance of high-pressure

boilers at their respective factories.

Mr Kasina said that to date

only 29 boiler attendants have

been trained in the sugar

industry.

"This is not good enough

taking into account that some of

the industries have only trained

one. boiler attendant whereas

other industries have trained

up to 10" he said.

Mr Kasina stressed the need

for well-trained boiler attendants. He said that the need for

such training had been looked

into by a committee appointed by

the sugar industry's training

committee in September 1977.

. The committee, he said, agreed

that boiler attendants should be

trained as indentured learners

trade and not as an apprenticeable trade.

He said that was why a course

for boiler attendants was

launched at the Kisumu

Industrial Training Centre.

Mr Kasina said the boiler was

very important in the processing

system in a sugarcane industry.

He said the equipment should

only be run and maintained by

qualified and experienced personnel, ii.4A adds.

/13104

CS0: 3400/582

39
KENYA

CONTROVERSIAL AMENDMENT BILL PASSES PARLIAMENT UNANIMOUSLY

... Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 3 Dec 86 pp 1, 5

[Article by Emman Omari, Richard Keya and Henri Chui]

[Text]

THE Constitution of

Kenya (Amendment)

Bill wasv yesterday

passed by Parliament

unanimously.

During the third reading,; when- it was

Rut tevoteall the 131' lembers of Parliament^.who were present' m the House,

voted in favour of the

amendments.

Earlier during the second

reading, when the Bill was put

to vote, 1-30- members had

voted:Tor andonly two voted,

againsfit. The tellers for those

in favour were Mr; David

Onyancha (West Mugirango)

and Mr. Fred Omido (fiahati)

while the tellers for those

'■■- againsf were- Mr. Charles

Rubia(Starehe)andMr. Boy

JunubBoy (Kwale Central);

Alter the results," the Bill

entered- its third reading and

sailed through without

difficulty.

When-the-Amendment Bill

recefvesa Presidential Assent,;

the Office- of the Chief>

Secretary will1 be abolished.

It will bereplaced by a permanent secretaryintheOffice

ofthe President who.will also

be the head of civir service.

The number of parliamentary constituencies will also be

increased from the current168

i iv a maximum of 188.

The section protecting'the

tenure of office-of the

Attorney-Generar and Controller and Auditor-General

will be removed from the constitution: The previous section

required- the President to appoint a tribunal if he had to

remove any of the two

officers.

The House's front- bench

was.full as was almost the rest

of the House.

Debate on the Bill resumed

immediately after Question

lime. Mr. Ali Mwakileo

(Kwale East) was the first: to

contribute followed by the MP

for Bahatr, Mr.. Fred Omido,

who on a point of order

through the Speaker wantec

the mover to reply.

The Speaker put the question to vote and the House

agreed that the mover should

reply.

The Attorney-Genera», Mr.

Mathew (Muli, who had mov-,

cd the amendments last week

in his short reply thanked the

MPs for their "excellent"

contributions..

He said during the debate.

only one MP had opposed

... some, section of the*amend-

. ments otherwise the rest were

all for the amendments.

Earlier, Mr. Martin

Snikuku (Butere) faced opposition from other members

when he raised an objection

for Muli to reply.

He had said the Bill should

not get to this stage because

there were some MPs who

might have had different views

and who had not been heard.

The Speaker, however, calU

~ed on the Attorney-General to

reply. After Muli's brief rep-

• ly, the House went into divi^-

sion and voted.

/12828

CSO: 3400/589

40
KENYA

SHIPS UNDERGO INSPECTION FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 4 Nov 86 p 5

[Article by Henri Chui]

[Text] THE Kenya Radiation

Protection Board make»

thorough inspection of

ships at the Mombasa port

t» make »irre that

radioactive materialwhich

passes-through, the port i&

properly packed.

This; was said,yesterday

by -the. acting, chief

radiation protectionoffieer

in- the Ministry of Health?.

Mr. S; K*Wangurutwhenhe

led a delegation - of

I n t ernati o nal At omi c

Energy . Agency, fgr a

courtesy call on»' the?

Mombasa deputy mayor,

Cqun„ Samuel Ndoro, at

the mayor*»parlour. .,..- Wanguru said; the board:

is forced to make the

inspection to ensure that

thousands of workers at

the port are not exposed to

radiation from uranium

that passe» through the

port. :•. •'• -'

The International'Atomic; Energy/Agency

official« are in Mombasato

|ino% out, solution, J*

environmental problems

brought about by" the

disposal of solid waste,

cement production, seweraae al»posals,v,and

radiation through': direct"

contact with, .radioactive

material.

The agency official»will

Visit the oif refinery; the

Bamburi Cement Factory

and the-Mombasa Municipal Council aajidv waste

disposal areas.

" Briefing the agency

officials, the acting town

clerk,- Mr. Amos Oyalo,

said solid waste disposal

was one of the major

* problemsfacingthe council

and effort» were being

made to find a lasting

solution. : :« c.

/13104

CSO: 3400/583

41
KENYA

COUNCIL OF CHURCHES DENIES MWAKENYA LINK

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 4 Dec 86 p 28

[Article by Mutegi Njau]

fTextl The National Council of J Churches of Kenya (NCCK)

yesterday denied allegationsthat

its secretary-general, Mr John

Kamau, had contacts with the

subversive Mwakenya movement.

A statement issued yesterday

said neither the council nor Mr

Kamau had any contacts with the

clandestine group opposed to the

Government.

The umbrella organisation of

Protestant churches was

responding to claims made in

court that the NCCK and, Mr

Kamau had connections with

Mwakenya.

A former NCCK employee, Dr

Edward Usewe, had made the

allegation on Monday before he

.was jailed for 30 months for

failing to report the existence of

the movement and for allowing

its members to meet in his house.

The NCCK statement, signed

by the chairman, Dr Byrum

Makokha, and Mr Kamau

himself, said: "For the benefit of

member churches, and the

general public, the council wishes

to make it abundantly clear that

the NCCK has never been and

shall not be in any underground

movement of any nature."

The NCCK categorically

dented that any member of staff

ever plotted against anybody's

life as had. been alleged by Dr

Osewe.

Dr Osewe had claimed in court

that the NCCK secretariat had

plotted to have him killed after

having sacked him so that hewould- not- report the NCCK's

involvement with the Mwakenya

organisation.

The NCCK statement ..was

issued following an executive

committee meeting of the church

organisation to deal with the

matter.

/12828

CSO: 3400/588

42
KENYA

BRIEFS

FINNISH POLICE ASSISTANCE—The Commissioner of Police, Mr. Bernard Njiinu,

yesterday received 50 alcometers, 20 walkie-talkies and a new 240 GI Volvo

vehicle donated by the Finnish government to the Kenya Traffic Police. The

equipment will assist the police in their efforts to crackdown on drunken

drivers. Receiving the equipment at the highway traffic police headquarters,

the commissioner thanked the Finnish government for the donation which will go

a long way in helping the traffic police detect drunken drivers. The

alcometers cost shs. 5,000 each, while the walkie-talkies cost shs. 10,000

each. The Volvo car is worth nearly shs. 380,000. Njiinu said the alcometers

will be used to screen drivers suspected to be drunk while driving, and will

be taken to a police doctor for a final examination. Saying that the Kenya

police will continue to persecute traffic offenders, Njiinu appealed to all

drivers including those of matatus and other public vehicles to avoid

overspeeding and overloading. [Text] [Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 14

Nov 86 p 3] [Article by Francis Muroki] /13104

CSO: 3400/582

43
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

ECOM TO ALLOW ELECTION OBSERVERS—The chairman of the Elections Commission

[ECOM], Mr Isaac Randolph, has reacted to a DAILY STAR newspaper article

entitled "Press to Participate in Ballot Counting." Mr Randolph told LBS

[Liberian Broadcasting System] news in a telephone interview that the

commission will extend invitations to some organizations in the country as

observers in the counting of the ballots. He said among those to be invited

are the Liberian Council of Churches and the press. He however noted that

these organizations will not particpate in the counting of the ballots but

will be given observer's status at the poll. The DAILY STAR report quoted Mr

Randolph as saying the press will participate in the counting of ballots

during the 20 December municipal and legislative by-elections. [Text]

[Monrovia Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 15 Dec 86] /9599

CSO: 3400/579

44
MOZAMBIQUE

POST-MACHEL ERA ANALYZED

Lisbon EXPRESSO (INTERNATIONAL) in Portuguese 8 Nov 86 p II

[Article by Alves Gomest first paragraph is EXPRESSO introduction]

(Text] The post-Samora era has already begun. From all indications, it will be

t-ased on a continuation of the policy developed in recent years by the late

nr^idont A ereater opening up to private enterprise and foreign investment,

as well as better anS mole dynamic exploitation of the existing resources, also

seem to be in the plans. The West is watching Mozambique closely, in the expectation that Chissano's moderation will make the country attractive.

Logic dictated the nomination of Joaquim Chissano as president of FRELIMO and of

.u M „mK4„„r, c^i-o The Central Committee members who met on Monday at the

^laSHo" Besses 2"lS£^U dl«.- the ^^SLVSTB^ST

it was all too well Known that this was the express desire of President Samora

Machel, which he had voiced on several occasions.

In a meeting which lasted almost all day (although the announcement of the new

in a meeting "»"-" hours) the Central Committee did no more

JhanTiste^oThe SK *-m T^n^llrlU containing information

alrLay known about tSe crash of the president's plane and the last decisions of

Samara Machel, and then confirm the nomination of Chissano for the presidency.

wined a few seconds for his automobile to be brought around to hi«.

£---z s: äST:=^^HI2= ~

opening up to the West.

45
In an address distinguished by moderate and carefully chosen words, Chissano

confirmed everything that had been decided during the Fourth FRELIMO Congress

in 1983. Reorganization of the army, revitalization of the economy through

support to the agriculture sector, reduced government expenditures, more profitable management of the quasi-public companies and the need to give guarantees

to national and foreign investors! these were all reaffirmed.

At the same time, Chissano did not fail to make it clear that he will pursue the

"war without truce against the armed banditry" and the "destabilizing actions

perpetrated against the People's Republic of Mozambique."

Economy Chissano's Greatest Challenge

Received enthusiastically at home and abroad, the new Mozambican president not

only has a weighty legacy but a combination of highly complex challenges ahead

of him.

The state of the economy of the country, in which the war of destabilization

instigated by South Africa has destroyed more than $5 billion worth of economic

and social infrastructures in the last 7 years, is necessarily one of the most

serious problems which Chissano must confront.

In addition, the weakness of the Mozambican Army, whose Administration and

Logistics constitute its Achilles' heel, also poses problems, requiring more

professionalism and decisions regarding its reorganization and the replacement

of some members of its command.

According to several members of the Central Committee, the new president's task

will be somewhat easier in the military area, in that Samora Machel, a few days

before his tragic death, had already decided to alter the command structure of

the Army. Sebastiao Mabote, chief of general staff, as well as his chiefs of

operations and military intelligence services, may be dismissed, giving way to

individuals who could more easily carry out the needed changes .

In addition to this aspect, it should be noted that Defense Minister Alberto

Chipande will necessarily give all his support to Joaquim Chissano. In effect,

they have both advocated military reorganization and participated in meetings

which may have led President Machel to decide to "let fall away" some "old

friends from the common march."

Military cooperation with the West, particularly with Great Britain, should be

maintained. At the same time, there should be no significant alterations in

cooperation with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries. It is these last

which are currently providing Mozambique with its principal means of defense.

Like Samora Machel, Joaquim Chissano will—in the opinion of Central Committee

members with whom he has worked for a long time—"maintain the balance which the

late president had established, seeking to reduce the number of enemies and to

enlarge the ranks of friends."

46
Probable 'Opening* to Private Sector

in this area, his diplomatic career will permit Chissano to reap benefits from

the fact that he does not have to demonstrate that »he has the ability Jo guide

the ship of state as skillfully as Samora did," as Professor Aquino de Braganca

said on several occasions when, even before the president's death, there was

discussion of the problems of finding a "successor to Samora" in Mozambique.

The economic sector is perhaps the area in which Chissano mayJ^J^T^

Samora Machel, benefiting not only from that fact that, for the last 10 £*».

he has been evaluating the evolution of the country's foreign economic situation

but that he has also been dissociated from the teams that managed this sector.

On several occasions, Chissano has publicly advocated a greater opening up to

the private economic sector. He will certainly introduce some solutions which,

untifnowrhave been put off. If it is certain that the negot~tion with the

ISF is coming to a conclusion (and the measures taken could be applied at the

wiininE of next year), it is to be expected that the new president will have

to Sfor Se reduction of government expenditures and against bureaucracy

as vtgoroufly as Samora Machel had begun to confront them in the last months of

his life

m oonvprsations on the streets of Maputo, there is insistent mention of some

IroZlZ wS the new president made in the People's Assembly regarding a more

Koe^itransWtation and housing policy. However, the public expectations

\« thts arS Sceed tne capacities of a man who has just been installed m the

irpsiaencv of the republic. Joaquim Chissano will first have to define prioritierwhich, It sho'rt range, might not include meeting these expectations.

In effect the first actions of the new president should be directed toward the

aromatic area' for example, the Zimbabweans OlJ-^'j^g^^^»

the war which the country is experiencing) say they »^ *« J°„inform *"*

of all the plans which had been agreed upon with President Machel.

Also the current state of relations With South Africa, clouded by the investigation of the crash of Machel's plane, will certainly warrant great care by

Saquim Chissano. Moreover, the new president cannot rely *« £fMUthern

Honowana, who in the past 7 years had become virtually a minister for southern

African affairs and who was killed along with Samora Machel.

6362

CSOt 3442/34

47
MOZAMBIQUE

RENAMO SEEN DISCREDITED IN WEST

Lisbon EXPRESSO (INTERNATIONAL) in Portuguese 8 Nov 86 p VII

[Article by J.M.C.]

fö2£LTh?

s

?"ealle(i "foreign component" of the Mozambican National Resistance

UENAMO;, dominated by Portuguese, is not a new factor signalling any development of the movement; it was precisely a Portuguese, believed to be a secret

agent of the PIDE [international Police for Defense of thg State] and also a

collaborator of Jorge Jardim, who founded the first resistance group against the

Maputo regime; in other words, the RNM (Mozambican National Resistance).

It is presumed that the symbolic date of 1 May 1977 was chosen for Orlando

Cristina, having been assured of the support of the secret services of what was

then Rhodesia, to establish the rebel movement on the outskirts of Salisbury and

to set up a radio station called "Voice of Free Africa," beaming short- and

medium-wave broadcasts to all the territory of Mozambique, where its detractors

referred to it as "Radio Quizumba" ["Radio Hyena"].

Although little credence was given to anynews reports it carried, the "Voice of

Free Africa" had a large audience and constituted an alternative to the news

coverage available throughout the country, which was highly conditioned by constricting political directives and by an "ad hoc" control, in which the news

reports were at the whim of the FRELIMO structures, often installed without consideration for the incompetence of the respective members.

Although the Mozambican authorities were unable to shut down RENAMO's clandestine

transmitter, they succeeded in gradually cutting off the audience because of the

growing shortage of the batteries to power the little radios used by the public.

Orlando Cristina and Jorge Jardim had broad experience with the mass media,

specifically radio, which they had gained working on the transmitter of the Aeroclube de Beira and on some newspapers.

A caseinpoint is NOTICIAS DE BEIRA, which at one point was directed by Evo

Fernandes, another individual who now belongs to the RENAMO, precisely when Jorge

Jardim was embarked on a "Programa de Lusaka," which was supposed to declare

Mozambican independence without the intervention of FRELIMO and to which the

presidents of Malawi and Zambia allegedly gave their support.

48
Movement Consolidated in Rhodesia

Therefore the rebel movement was consolidated in Rhodesia. It also had a strong

military component; some of the »special groups" headquartered in central

Mozambique, specifically those that were under the dxrect or indirect control of

Jorge Jardim and Orlando Cristina, were attracted to this way of combating the

government installed in Maputo; it was a way of continuing the battle which they

had already been called to wage in the interior of the country agaJ;nst the

FRELIMO guerrillas. It even happens that Cristina had taken with him the files

of the "Flechas," the GEs [Special Groups] and the GEPs [not further expanded],

by Sch he succeeded in setting up the first squads which infiltrated Mozambique

to conduct guerrilla action and sabotage.

With Rhodesia's independence and the birth of Zimb*~'^**f!^irica^

to move to South Africa, where it again installed the »Voice of Free Africa

transmitter, at Pallaborwa, not far from the Mozambican border.

Orlando Cristina was killed, however, under circumstances which the South

ciunäy S^^^^Ä^ÄÄrÄiÄ ÄÄof

a shS-out during the night, but other sources point to » "£* ^^^

which may have surprised Cristina inside the house, where the lights were turned

on and he was working.

.. * -K.«- Torrtin and Cristina virtually controlled the various groups of

preferred to operate separately and in a very restricted area.

•Brains' and 'Operative' Killed

s,-£ £2J«räS2Ä?rirsrä.

in dtfttcult moments for the PREC [not further expanded].

REMMO

rilla chief

experienced

Matsangaica,

other^^^

who inftitrated witn nis en do ^

provinces, in central Mozambique,***•*££ he was replaced yeSs ago by

forget, to the point ^.J^^^^^J^^ and rebel attacks,

Afonso Dlakhama, the ^« ^^S'^Sr«^, in Sofala Province,

generically speaking, to the /Mat?

anf*x

°f?;red

l

tnat a rebel attack is imminent

terror ^^^^^Vle£ J^SÄÄ wife, »whc is still

in one place or another anü is »eing A« j n~ODie sav, fights with her

avenging the death of her husband«and «ho, the people say, tig

brealts bared and is invulnerable to anything.

49
Terrorism

More convincing • on the terrain than in the diplomatic arena, RENAMO claims that

it is now spread throughout Mozambican territory, operating with bases more or

less established and foiling government projects that could be of some welfare to

tne people, and that these bases receive some support from "friendly countries."

However, the principal military base of the rebels is said to be in the Gorongosa

loothills, near what was once known as a game park, creating a zone of influence

extending to the Indian Ocean, mainly in a strip north of the "Beira corridor"

and extending beyond the bed of the Zambeze River, stretching, in this direction,

as far as the border of Malawi, a country which quite probably is providing

valuable logistical support, in conjunction with aid from Pretoria.

On the other hand, RENAMO's diplomatic component, particularly its propaganda

"advance posts," set up in Lisbon, the United States and Western European countries, is experiencing serious problems which are discrediting the movement's

image and program, obviously impeding the flow of financial support from Washington—knowing, as we do, that the White House is always prepared to aid

"anticommunist movements" on the African continent.

Discredited Internationally

Unlike what is happening with UNITA, in Angola, RENAMO is struggling with the

loss of credit provoked by news reports from inside Mozambique, according to which

the rebels are committing real atrocities in rural areas, sacrificing defenseless settlements caught in the cross fire. They are committing indiscriminate

rape and savagely attacking members of the Catholic Church or foreign cooperants,

many of whom are Portuguese, although no adequate rationale has been developed

for it, even from the standpoint of "terrorist acts" to discourage support to the

Maputo regime. In fact, even organs of the United Nations are denouncing these

RENAMO atrocities, committed against schools, nurseries, clinics and religious

missions, in some cases with notorious cruelty.

RENAMO's reputation abroad is also damaged by the variety of "representatives"

and "spokesmen" who represent it in Europe and the United States, with repercussions in Lisbon. In Washington, for example, there are both Artur Vilanculos

(who has not been in Mozambique for 25 years) and Luic Sarapiao, who appears to

have a larger audience and who has ties with men who, on this very day, will be

meeting in the Portuguese capital to attempt to bring about, finally, the

"union of the Mozambicans."

South Africa appears to be playing a hard game here; some observers say that

Pretoria is more interested in keeping the forces in opposition to Maputo disunited, but still keeping up the internal military destabilization which is so

costly to FRELIMO. This necessarily causes serious concern among the other

Front Line countries, which are thus less disposed to maintain the solidarity

that could be troubling to the South African leaders. For this very reason, the

observers say, the "RENAMO military" can continue to count on material support

from Pretoria.

6362

CSOi 3442/34

50
MOZAMBIQUE

CHISSANO SEEKING MILITARY SUPPORT IN TANZANIA

MB111853 London BBC World Service in English 1709 GMT 11 Dec 86

[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

rText] Mozambique's new President Joaquim Chissano has gone off on a 3-day

visit to neighboring Tanzania. The speculation is that President Chissano

will be seeking military help from President Mwinyi to counter the increasing

activities of MNR rebels in northern Mozambique who are allegedly backed by

both South Africa and Malawi. From Maputo, Suleiman Cabir of our Portuguese

service sent this report.

The visit to Tanzania of the Mozambican president, Moaquim Chissano, is his

first to foreign country since he became head of state after the death of

President Samora Machel in October. The visit has basically two objectives:

the first to reassure the ex-president of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere, that he

will pursue with the late President Samora Machel's policy of dialogue and

pragmatism.

The second and more important objective concerns military cooperation between

Mozambique and Tanzania. There are already some Tanzanian troops in the

northern region of Mozambique. Joaquim Chissano and the Tanzanian authorities

will discuss the military aid which Tanzania could supply to Mozambique. It

is hoped that the Tanzanian troops will begin joint operations with the

Mozambican army in the border regions between Mozambique and Malawi. Chissano

is accompanied by the minister of defense, Alberto Chipande, who 2 weeks ago

was coordinating military operations in the provinces of Tete and Zambezia

bordering Malawi. The military situation in Mozambique is very (?tense), and

the government army alone has not the capacity to stop the RENAMO rebels

helped by South Africa. The Mozambican president will stay xn Dar es Salaam

until next Wednesday and on his way back he will spend a day in Zimbabwe trying to discuss the reinforcement of Zimbabwean military aid to Mozambique.

/7358

CSO: 3400/602

51
MOZAMBIQUE

REPATRIATION OF REFUGEES CONFIRMED BY RSA OFFICIAL

MB091053 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1046 GMT 9 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 9 Dec, SAPA—Thousands of Mozambicans are fleeing to

South Africa—but are being sent back to their war-torn country at the rate of

about 1,500 a month.

Repatriation of the refugees, who are trying to escape heavy fighting and starvation, has been confirmed by a spokesman for the Department of Home Affairs.

About 400 of the refugees who arrive in northern KwaZulu every month are

deported via Komatipoort—the border post hundreds of kilometres away in the

eastern Transvaal. Many face severe hardships to make another attempt to

enter South Africa. The refugees who enter KwaZulu come in via the Muzi area.

The Muzi border post was closed by Mozambique in September 1981.

The secretary of the Ministerial Co-ordinating Committee of the Nkomati Accord,

Vice-Admiral (retired) J.A. Edwards, said the economy had collapsed in southern

Mozambique and people were desperate to get into South Africa.

When found in KwaZulu they were fed and clothed, then taken to Komatipoort and

returned to Mozambique. "If we could send them back through the Muzi border

post in KwaZulu we would," he said.

Sources which do not want to be named say some of the Mozambicans being

repatriated from KwaZulu have lived in the area for many years,, but Mr Edwards

denied this. He said all those being repatriated were newcomers. In addition

to those being sent home from KwaZulu, more than 1,000 Mozambicans are

repatriated each month from the eastern Transvaal, the Witwatersrand, Gazankulu

and KaNgwane.

About 22,000 Mozambicans are registered legally in the Gazankulu area, and

6,000 in Kangwane, said Mr Edwards. "But in Kangwane we estimate that there

are at least 14,000 Mozambicans."

Farmers in the Transvaal lowveld region were given until the end of last

month to register Mozambican labourers in their employ. A home affairs spokesman said 12,871 had been registered. Labourers are issued with work permits

for six months, which can be renewed for a further six months.

52
According to Mozambique's provincial director of the Natural north-western

province of Tete are in need of emergency food aid and the situation will

worsen with the return to Tete of many thousands of Mozambican refugees now

in Malawi.

AIM news agency has said that there are about 200,000 Mozambicans in Malawi.

Mr Nuvunga has blamed the situation on the activities of the Mozambique

National Resistance (MM). "The state of intense war which the province has

been going through recently has led to a collapse in agricultural production

because people are constantly moving from one place to another, he said.

/7358

CSO: 3400/602

53
MOZAMBIQUE

SNASP MAKES ARRESTS FOR ILLEGAL FOREIGN TRADE

MB101833 Dakar PANA in English 1330 GMT 10 Dec 86

[Text] Maputo, 10 Dec (AIM/PANA)—Mozambique's security service, SNASP

[People's National Security Service], yesterday arrested a number of people

accused of "dealing in unauthorised foreign trade."

A SNASP spokesman said that as from 09.30 local time (07.30 GMT) yesterday

morning an operation was launched involving the confiscation of goods and

arrests of "Mozambican citizens and citizens of various other nationalities

who .are managers or representatives of companies operating illegally."

The decision to make the arrests was based on "serious information presented by

the Ministry of Trade."

The people detained yesterday are accused of violating various dispositions of

the laws governing trade in Mozambique as well as tax and customs legislation.

Among the dispositions mentioned by the SNASP spokesman is article 28 of a

1982 law which reads "anyone who practices foreign trade without authorisation

shall be liable to a prison term of up to two years." Those who, although

authorised to engage in foreign trade, extend their practices to cover areas

that need special licencing, are liable to a year's imprisonment.

/7358

CSO: 3400/602

54
MOZAMBIQUE

MALAWI ACCUSED OF 'RACKET' IN STOLEN GOODS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Nov 86 p 8M

[Text] MAPUTO — Mozambique has accused Malawian Government officials

of being involved with

rebels of the Mozambique

National Resistance

movement (MNR) in a

profitable racket in stolen goods.

The Mozambique News

Agency, AIM, has also

claimed that Malawi has

been actively supporting

the MNR rebels since August 1982. '

Since then, the agency

said, "zinc sheeting, bicyles, motorbikes, sewing

machines — all stolen

from Mozambican citizens — have been sold by

the bandits to Malawians

at very low prices".

The administrator of

Namarroi district in

northern Mozambique,

Mr Severino Mukhutuliua, said he had no doubt

that goods stolen by the

rebels ended in Malawi.

He told AIM that, when

Namarroi town was attacked in October, the

MNR rebels were divided

into several groups, one

of which concerned itself

exclusively with tearing

the roofing off houses and

stealing furniture.

"I am sure they're not

going to use this sheeting

to build houses in their

bases inside Mozambique," said Mr Mukhtuliua. "They take it all to

Malawi."

AIM said: "The stolen

goods are essentially

payment that Malawians

get for allowing the MNR

to use the border."

/13104

CSO: 3400/578

55
MOZAMBIQUE

LONRHO INVESTMENTS CONCENTRATED IN AGRICULTURE, MINING

Lisbon EXPRESSO (INTERNATIONAL) in Portuguese 8 Nov 86 p VI

[Article by Maria Teresa Guerreiro]

[/Text] Generally speaking, British relations with Mozambique have been conducted

more through economic and military aid packages and the occasional initiatives

of a large company, such as Lonrho, than through a systematic increase in public

or private investment, as Maputo would like.

Of the large British firms, only Lonrho, which already has considerable interests

in southern Africa, seems willing to invest on a large scale in Mozambique—

despite the RENAMO and despite natural disasters and problems of underdevelopraent. In the middle of 1985, "Tinny'* Rowland, executive director of Lonrho,

signed a huge investment agreement with Mozambique, covering the agriculture,

tourism and mining sectors.

The potential figure for Lonrho*s future investment in Mozambique was not revealed,

but the plans outlined at the time of the formation of the joint company, designated LONMOC in the agreement, would suggest several million pounds. Rowland

proposes to develop agriculture both for food production and for export (cotton,

for example) in three Mozambican provincesi Gaza, Sofala and Maputo. This is

large-scale agriculture, on farms from 1,000 to 50,000 hectares in area) although

implementation of the agreement depends to some extent on the security situation,

at least one of the large cotton plantations in central Mozambique is protected

by a private army.

Rowland is also interested in gold mining in Manica Province. With regard to

tourism, the new company obtained the concession for the Hotel Polana in Maputo

and for the principal hotel in Beira, which the company was planning to use as

transit points for tourists traveling to the Santa Carolina islands, in the

Mozambican Channel.

Almost No Western Investment

Contacts established personally by President Machel soon after the decision by the

Fourth Party Congress, in 1983, to open the doors to Western investment, apparently have not produced the desired dffects. When he visited London in October

1983, Machel consulted with Harry Oppenheimer, of the Anglo-American

56
Corporation. The meeting «as cordial, but the results have been invisible to

date.

Development.

Rehabilitation of the Nacala railroad, sabotaged by RENAMO in 1984, is now being

funded with a loan of 3.8 million pounds from Lonrho and a subsidy of 1.6

million pounds from the British Government.

A subsidy from the British/-^Ä^

1.6 million pounds worth of weapons and *

l

^2J£t covered ^ the accord,

announced last month. The first parcel oi une q j. h Mozambiwhich includes 600 L851A Enfield rifles, was recently de.iivere provides

can Government by the Brit: sh company £\^JSiit?VS. British company

for military training; this sector is tne «spon 'x African countries,

Defense Systems, Ltd, which already has contacts «^J^1,^ Mozambique,

including Angola, Zaire and U&*nda. «* ^secret commando battalion of the

as instructors, former »-be- of %££ British military support to MozamBritish Armed Forces. With this »element, D

" concentrated on the training

6362

CSOi 3442/34

57
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

2 Sf? "If IMF-Mozambique's creditor countries will meet under the aegis

nl^ ^

B

^7

in PariS °n FebrUary 17'18 and 19> 1987, and not next December 16 and 17 as had originally been scheduled. This postponement is

of Si STSrN« th?

defh

°

f President Samora Machel, but also as a result

A tÜ of 2 TM^S ln ^

6 M

*>««tl<ms with the International Monetary Fund.

A team of the IMF's statisticians is currently in Maputo to prepare a

peTcr:rCutrinethe

orln\the rnomy

- **- p°

intsa

~ »M£..i»,. 20 pricesf^r^o , ? T " °! 8°vernment employees, the liberalisation of

ZtJLJ T t

Tly th°Se °f fruit and ve8etables) and above all the

devaluation of the currency. The depreciation of the metical is currentlv a

thorny problem, with its current official rate of 45 to the dollar wh its

black market value is 1,600. The IMF would like to see an exchange rale Jf

ATSoav

S

86t0p^ Ä

[TeXtl [PariS THE INDIAN °CEAN ^LSTEVL

FRENCH TO TRAIN BODYGUARDS-Christian Prouteau, French president Francois

?GrouSa^T%SeCUrl?

y S

f

iSOr 3nd the f

°

Under of the el^e squad, the GJGN itlTiT d J

f

erventl°n de la Gendarmerie Nationale), was to Lain the

SXssano ifnT °

f

.

S

r°ra ?

Che1'Wh°Se death and accession by Joaquim

active in the aJSr /^threaten the Pr°

JeCt

-

The GIGN is increasingly

ssafiTS^.^ifrrybi^1 [Paris T«

E INDIAN °^

line Bestea "^reported to have mad? S" f fT* ^^ The Lenin8rad-based

wharfage charges were reS-S A 2* decislon in July ^en Mozambican

servicf from 1^83 to IS^but'it "fizflS V"^ ag6ntS'

BeStea °perated a

Mozambican wharfage rates UndL Sf ^

S°Uth Afr±Ca unde"^

call at Beira once a month for Z It a"

an8ement, Soviet freighters will

[Paris AFRICAN DEFENCHOURNS iTLIlis" Not ll^fV^' ^

RECEPTION FOR CSSR DELEGATION-Under the leadership of President Chissano we

will continue the struggle that we waged under the leadership of tt late'

President Samora Kachel, declared Prime Minister Mario Machungo in Maputo

yesterday. The head of the Mozambican Government was speaking at a reception

ihe c2 I" v"6 high:

leV\1 Czechoslovak party and government delegation

wJpn S r

1S ln MoZambicIue on vis^ aimed at strengthening the relations

between the two countries. It is headed by Milos Jakes, member of the Pres"

DomeCstac S

36

"

6

'"

7

p' ^

Czechoslovak C

° ist Party. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service m Portuguese 1030 GMT 10 Dec 86 MB] /7358

CS0: 3400/602 58
NIGER

RICE SEED FARM ESTABLISHED WITH BELGIAN COOPERATION

Niamey LE SAHEL in French 3 Nov 86 pp 1, 3

[Text] On Friday, Minister of Agriculture Allele Elhadj Habibou and S. E.

Dirk Letens, ambassador of the Kingdom of Belgium to Niger, inaugurated a rice

seed farm in Saguiya on the Say road. In so doing, Belgium officially turned

over to our country a project worth CFA Fr 436 million which will provide for

the production and distribution of selected seed to all rice farms. The project includes a group of buildings and a developed area of 25 hectares.

In his speech, the minister of agriculture hailed the completion of this work,

and Nigerien-Belgian cooperation also. Such an accomplishment, Minister Allele

emphasized, "will undoubtedly contribute to the quantitative and qualitative

growth of our agricultural production." For his part, the ambassador of the

Belgian kingdom expressed how proud his country was to be able to contribute

in this way to achieving self-sufficiency in food.

As he handed over the first rice seed farm, the ambassador finally assured the

Nigerien authorities of regular support for its eventual operation. Speaking

earlier on behalf of the farmers, the head of district V welcomed the guests,

and assured them that the beneficiaries would put the farms to good use.

The Saguiya seed farm project, with a land area of 25 hectares, will produce

more than 88 metric tons of selected seed each season. The farmers are organized into cooperatives and each family has a 0.5 hectare parcel of land. The

farmer is linked with the cooperative by a farm contract.

In addition to the irrigated area, the project required the construction Of

three buildings and a warehouse for seed processing and packaging costing CFA

Fr 29.829 million.

Begun in December 1985, the project has thus already gone through one season.

The result from 17 hectares was an average yield of more than 7,500 kilograms

per hectare. Of this amount, 119 metric tons were accepted as seed, and 78

metric tons were sold on the market in June 1986, supplying 1,425 hectares in

the Niamey area. For the present season, seed production of more than 120

metric tons is expected from 23 hectares farmed by 52 families, which will

provide a supply of seed for 2,400 additional hectares for the coming season.

9824

CSO: 3419/37

59
NIGER

KOURANI-BARIA GRAIN CULTIVATION PROJECT DESCRIBED

Niamey LE SAHEL in French 3 Nov 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Issa Inouss: "Diversify and Guarantee Farmer Income"]

[Text] Last Saturday, Minister of Agriculture Alleie Elhadjl Habibou visited

the Kourani-Baria hydro-agricultural development project located on the right

bank of the river about 20 km north of the village of Gotheye.

The Kourani-Baria hydro-agricultural development project aims to reduce the

grain deficit in Niger, particularly the rice deficit by establishing and

intensively farming 715 hectares of rice fields following a double crop system. It also aims at diversifying and guaranteeing peasant income, and will

help to train peasants to manage the farms by means of cooperatives, to

achieve self-management by the peasants at a reduced recurring cost.

The project is divided into three sections: the first section of 170 hectares

was handed over last July; the second of 277 hectares will be handed over next

June but 100 hectares will be turned over to allow for the commencement of the

rice season planned for January. Finally, the third section of 268 hectares

should be committed in June 1988. The realization of the project includes the

construction of a 13.5 km dike; 104 km of irrigation and drainage canals; 40

km of roads and two pumping stations.

The development of the area necessitated the construction of offices with a

meeting hall, a 400 square meter storage warehouse, and a house for the area

director. Also planned was the purchase of agricultural equipment (including

207 pedal-driven threshing machines, 229 carts, and 250 pairs of yoke oxen),

and the acquisition of means of transport, office equipment, and sanitary

equipment.

In addition, the project will establish forest cover on 54 hectares without

counting the drilling and equipping of six wells with pumps to benefit the

riverside population. It also includes providing for maintenance during the 4

years the project is being implemented, for the socioeconomic study necessary

for the distribution of the land and the training of the peasants, in addition

to paying for the salaries of the local staff, technical assistance, and the

cost of the execution study.

60
The estimated total cost of the project not including taxes and customs duties, is Fr 5,247,530,000. Our country will contribute 10 percent and the Arab

Development Bank (ADB) 90 percent in the form of a loan repayable in 50 years

with a 10 year deferral.

For the time being, on the first section of 170 hectares, 324 farmers divided

among 436 lots are working harmoniously in 4 mutual benefit groups and a

cooperative. Nevertheless, there is a financial management problem with the

project which is only operational because of an advance from ONAHA.

Thus the project's overseers have not received any salary for 4 months because

the administrative burden has not made the release of funds for the project

possible.

Minister Allele El Hadj Habibou promised to remedy the problem as soon as

possible, and made a point of expressing his full satisfaction to all concerned for their effective and responsible actions, and the serious approach they

were adopting. He called on them to redouble their efforts because, he concluded, "a country is only built by the effort of its children."

During this visit, the minister of agriculture was accompanied by the ONAHA

general director, the director of rural engineering, the coordinator of the

Kourani-Baria project, the Tillabery subprefect, and the head of the Gotheye

administrative post.

9824

CS0: 3419/37

61
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

'CRUDE FOR COAL' DEAL WITH POLAND VIEWED—Poland may soon commence lifting of

Nigerian crude for the payment of the N3 million outstanding balance on the

N30 million Enugu Coal Mine mechanization contract awarded to Poland's Kopex

in 1981. The United Bank for Africa monthly Business and Economic Digest for

October stated that the crude for coal equipment deal was discussed recently

in Lagos at a meeting between Nigeria and Polish officials. The digest added

that Nigeria had paid N27 million to Kopex but declined paying the balance of

N3 million due to non-performance of the equipment. According to the report,

the equipment could not perform under Nigerian weather conditions. [Excerpt]

[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 9 Nov 86 p 3] /13104

PORT ACTIVITY INCREASE—The Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) recorded an

increase in cargo handling in the second quarter of the year which ended in

June. According to the NPA News bulletin, 3,315,67 metric tonnes of cargo was

handled in all the ports under the management of the authority. "This shows

an increase of 675,843 metric tonnes or 25.6% over the second quarter of

1985". The officials also said that imports, or "inward cargo" accounted for

70% of the total cargo handled within the period under review. It was also

gathered that 730 ships entered the authority's ports during the second

quarter of this year. The NPA said that although this was an improvement over

the first quarter which recorded 685 ships, it was down by 77 ships when

compared with the second quarter of last year when 807 vessels were berthed.

The net registered tonnes of this year also exceeded the figure for the first

quarter of last year by about 2,000 metric tonnes, thus reflecting a general

increase in ships' payload. Ships' turn-round times at the Nigerian ports,

has also improved as the recorded average time stood at 7.53 days. [Text]

[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 27 Oct 86 p 24] /13104

GOVERNMENT UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE—The Federal Government will give the 19

states N25 million between November and December to create jobs for unemployed

college and university graduates. A Cabinet Office statement in Lagos

yesterday explained that the money will go to the states and local governments

as marching grants. The money, according to the statement would be spent on

agricultural and rural employment programme as well as to provide vocational

skills for unemployed school leavers. The cabinet office disclosed that the

unemployment vote followed government's acceptance of the report submitted by

the interministerial committee that studied that structure and pattern of

unemployment in the country. In the statement, the cabinet office further

62
said the government after considering the report of the committee directed

that a directorate of employment be created in the labour ministry as the

panel recommended. Also, the government directed that the financial

requiremenmts of the scheme for jobless people be embodied in the 1987 budget

proposal of the Labour Ministry. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 28 Oct

86 p 16] /13104

ANTIBOMB EQUIPMENT '—Screening gadgets are to be acquired by the Nigerian

"Postal Service (NIPOST) to guard against parcel bombs being channelled through

the post offices. The gadgets will be installed in more than 36 internal

Expedite Mail Service (EMS) routes spread all over the country. The Post

Master General, Thomas Ike, said in Lagos that the recent murder of Nigeria's

top journalist, Dele Giwa, by a parcel bomb had made the acquisition of

screening devices a must. [Text] [London AFRICAN CONCORD in English 6 Nov 86

pp 33-34] /13104

CSO: 3400/543

63
SOMALIA

BRIEFS

ROAD LINK TO BUR-HAKABA AND BIYOLEI—The Ministry of Public Works and Housing

ratified an agreement between Hagi Mohamed Hashi Haileh, a businessman, and

Sietco, a Chinese international company, concerning the contruction of a paved

road linking Bur-Hakaba and Biyolei village and 180 kilometers in length. The

construction of the road, which will cost 43 million Somali Shillings, is

being financed by Hagi Mohamed Hashi Hayle and will take six months to

complete and will contribute to the communication of Bay and Bakol regions

particularly the road to Biyolei where the mass Visit to Sheikh Aweys is

conducted once every year. [Text] [Mogadishu SONNA in English 30 Nov 86

p 8] /13104

POPULATION, HOUSING CENSUS BEGINS—Population and House Census began this week

throughout the districts and communities of the Country and will proceed for

10 days. The Census, which is being implemented by the Ministry of National

Planning with the assistance of International Organizations, is intended to

find out the accurate number of the Somali People so as to make a proper

planning in Education, Health, Employment and other essentials for the

citizens. The Minister of National Planning and Second Vice President, Jaalle

Hussein Kulmie Afrah, spoke to the Committees assigned for implementing this

Programme and stated that the realization of this programme depends on the

activities and endeavours exerted by the Concerned Committees and added that

his Ministry would not spare any efforts in providing the Committees with

every possible facility. [Text] [Mogadishu HEEGAN in English 28 Nov 86 p 2]

/13104

CSO: 3400/587

64
UGANDA

BRIEFS

NRM DENIES PLANS FOR SECURITY SERVICE—The National Resistance Movement is

not setting up a new secret service, contrary to reports in the Kampala

weekly, THE SUNDAY REVIEW* On Sunday, the paper stated that the new organisation was called Uganda Security Service Organisation (USSO) and would

replace the notorious National Security Agency (NASA) run by Chris

Rwakasisi during the second Obote regime, "I am not aware of any such organisation. The report is baseless and unfounded," said a very senior NRA

intelligence officer, "We are definitely not setting up any secret service.

We do not believe in hiding," THE SUNDAY REVIEW also reported that Didi i\

Agard, a politician and businessman from tfadi, was going to become deputy

director of USSO, "How do you spell that?", was one intelligence officer's

reaction to the name. He was as unaware of Agard as he was of USSO. [Text]

[Kampala NEW VISION in English 4 Nov 86 p 20] /9274

CSO» 3400/539

65
ZAMBIA

PLO OFFICIAL ADDRESSES PRESS CONFERENCE

MB121228 Dakar PANA in English 0819 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Lusaka, 12 Dec (ZANA/PANA)—The Palestine Liberation Organisation

(PLO) warned yesterday that there will be no stability in the Middle East unless it is granted its sovereignty and rights.

Father Ibrahim Elias Ayad [name as received] a member of the Palestine National

Council, told a press conference in Lusaka yesterday that the situation in the

Middle East was grave and called upon all progressive forces in the world to

intervene.

He said Israel's intransigency which has led her to spun all peaceful efforts

has left the PLO with no option but to fight for their rights.

Father Ayad blamed the United States policy in the region for lack of progress

on numerous peaceful efforts launched by the PLO in the United Nations and

many international fora.

The PLO National Council member said it was true that some progressive Jews

have recently met with PLO representatives to assure them of their support but

that these represented a minority who could not easily bring about change.

Father Ayad said his mission to Zambia and other countries in Africa was to

inform the people of these countries about the realities of the sufferings of

the people of Palestine. He has already been to Tanzania and goes to Kenya

from Zambia.

/7358

CSO: 3400/590

66
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

OIL DISCOVERY IN EAST REPORTED—The government-owned ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL says

that there are persistant reports that oil is present in large quantities in

the Chama District in the east of the country near the border with Malawi. An

American firm, the Placid Oil Co., has decided to build a road link to the

area with the rest of the country and seismic survey of the region is being

carried out linking 800 stations connected to a computerized system.

Recently, President Kenneth Kaunda tersely brushed aside questions about the

prospecting operations at Chama, saying he is awaiting a full report on the

matter. He visited the area 3 weeks ago and then sent Zambia's minister of

mines, Mr Leonard Subulwu, to the united States. Mr Subulwu apparently

visited Texas where the Placid Oil Co. had its headquarters. The ZAMBIA DAILY

MAIL spokje to a senior official of the company staying at Chama and he is

optimistic about the chances of finding oil in the area. [Text]

[Johannesburg International Service in English 1100 GMT 5 Dec 86] /9599

CSO: 3400/547

67
NETHERLANDS CULTURAL AID TOTALS $100,000

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Nov 86 p 7

ZIMBABWE

[Text] ZIMBABWE has received more than $100 000 in

cultural aid from the

Netherlands since independence, the new Dutch

ambassador to Zimbabwe,

Mr Johan Faber, said in

Harare yesterday.

Presenting art equipment worth about $10 000

to «he National Gallery,

for the BAT sponsored art

workshop students, Mr

Faber said: "Since independence, Zimbabwe has

received for cultural projects, more than $100 000

from the Netherlands.

The funds were mainly

used for the purchase of

textbooks under the

Netherlands literature

programme."

The equipment present- '

ed yesterday included a

wide variety of paints,

pencils, crayons, paper

and other materials. It

was handed over to the

Deputy Minister of Youth,

Sport and Culture, Cde

Amos Midzi by the Dutch

ambassador.

Twenty students of the

BAT workshop will benefit from the aid.

The equipment was

made available under the

micro projects fund of the

Netherlands Bmbassy.

Mr Faber announced

that his country was prepared to assist more activities of the Gallery.

"Next week, a Dutch

expert wlU arrive in

Zimbabwe to execute,

together with the director

of the Gallery, Professor

Cyril Rogers, a feasibility

study for a regional arts

school in Harare."

He said the two-month

study will be funded by

the Netherlands. It waB

hoped that on the basis

of recommendations, a

number of donor countries

might support the establishment of the school.

Mr Faber hoped that

the Zimbabwe Government would consider taking part.

Cde Midasi thanked the

Dutch ambassador for the

kind gesture and hoped

that the equipment would

give appreciable help to

aspiring craftsmen.

/12828

CSO: 3400/605

68
ZIMBABWE

NATION'S INTERESTS SAID TIED TO MOZAMBIQUE

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 30 Nov 86 p 10

[Commentary]

THE people of Mozambique and their

new leader, President Chissano, need

and deserve all the possible help — and

they need it urgently — to re-establish

law and order and rehabilitate their

country's war-ravaged economy.

President Chissano has too many

battles to be'fought all at the same time

and, for the good of his country and countrymen, he cannot afford to lose any one

of them. By any standards his is a most

unenviable task and responsibility which

will tax his energy, leadership and political

ingenuity in the months and years ahead.

He "must decisively deal with the fast

deteriorating security situation in the

country, the South African-sponsored

MNR bandits have recently escalated the

level of violence to make rural life almost

impossible and the provinces ungovernable.

Upon the defeat of this menace depends

the success of everything else that must be

done to normalise life and economic activity

in that country.

There is widespread hunger and starvation requiring a massive inflow of relief

food and medicines from abroad. Typical

of the politics and savagery of bandit

movements, the MNR has murdered more

than 400 000 Mozambicans since 1980 and

prevented thousands of peasants from

working their fields to produce food crops.

In the bandit-infested areas the rural

infrastructure is at an advanced state of

paralysis. Thus while securing sufficient

food is a major problem for the government there is an additional struggle to be

faced 'by food distributors in their efforts

to reach the people who need it. Many

roads and bridges have been sabotaged and

destroyed. >>

Of the major problems faced by our

brothers in Mozambique none can wait for

a solution tomorrow. The national economy

is in a worrying state. Figures released by

the Mozambique government itself tell an

alarming story. Bandit activity alone has

inflicted in excess of US$6 billion in economic losses since 1980. Sugar and tea factories and sawmills and other industrial

plants have been destroyed. Coal mining

has largely been halted. Transport and

communications facilities are constant targets of sabotage.

As a direct consequence of these

hostilities and the racist South African

general destabilisation activities, Mozambique's exports have dwindled to a mere

US$92 million while imports have soared

to US$500 million per year. The world

must respond and we in Zimbabwe have a

special obligation.

Cde Chissano must be urgently helped

to re-assert his central government's authority over the provinces which have fallen

69
victim to bandit savagery. He has made an

eloquent appeal for assistance and the

challenge is before us all.

Quite apart from our firm and commendable military commitment to the

defence of the sovereignty and national

independence of Mozambique, there is still

plenty of local capacity which should be

mobilised for help in other areas of need.

Already the Mozambique Fund, which

will incorporate famine relief and a

scholarship fund for displaced Mozambi*

cans, has got off to a very encouraging start

(with respect to education our readers

should note that 500 schools have been

destroyed and more than 500 000 primary

school pupils have had their education

terminated).

We believe it is through the Mozambique Fund that all of us can make a direct

contribution to the struggle in Mozambique. In this regard special mention must

be made of the donations already made or

pledged to the fund by workers and business houses at last Friday's official launching of the fund by the Deputy Prime Minister, Cde Simon Muzenda.

If there are many issues which unite

our people, including problems which

bring together the public and private sectors of our economy, the crisis in Mozambique must be one of them. Let the fund

be the vehicle through which we can clear

our consciences with respect to our moral

and political obligation to our brothers and

sisters.

One thing that can be said about the

people's reaction to the fund is that the

Prime Minister, Cde Robert Mugabe's

message has gone home — to defend the

Frelimo administration in Mozambique \a

to defend Zimbabwe's own supreme

interests.

/12828

CSO; 3400/605

70
ZIMBABWE

SENATOR DHUBE FORESEES ECONOMIC BOOM FOR MANICALAND

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 30 Nov 86 p 7

[Article by Elliot Chiriseri]

[Text]

MTJTÄRE and Manicaland as a whole ara poised for a boom if the

Beira Corridor becomes

fully operational.

This was said by the.

Governor cf Manicaland

Province Senator Joshua

Dhube in a wide-ranginginterview with The Sunday Mail last week.

Senator Dhube said the

Corridor would boost employment opportunities

for Mutare and other

small towns along the

railway line. "This means

that v/e are going- to need

more houses to accommodate the anticipated

increase in the lalboui*

force."

Commenting on what

the province is doing to

meet this anticipated

boom, the Gcvecnor said,

there' are plans to improve communication infrastructure.

For Mutare in particular, said Senator Dhube,

there are plans for a bypass — to divert the main

road so that it does not

go through the city centre causing congestion.

•'Another one might be

needed for Rusape."

As the corridor becomes

fully operational, says

Senator Dhube, local

farming is going to be

boosted, in this regard

farmers in the province

are being encouraged to

diversify their agricultural production to include

growing sub - tropical

fruit for export and vegetables.

Luring investors has

become a priority for the

province.

"We want Investors to

participate in this boom.

Ourjnessage to them Is:

take the opportunity,

come and invest in Manicaland. The opportun»-

ties are vast — in Mutare,

growth points, rural and

district service centres,

investment Is needed to

develop these areas."

Services like banks are

also greatly needed

especially in the growth

points and the service

centres. Senator Dhube

advised emergent businessmen interested in

operating in Manicaland

to Jiave their businesses

in the centres designated

by the Government,

especially the growth

points.

Tourism is also another

area investors can participate in, said Cde

Dhube and he cited the

reconstruction of hotels

and inns in the Vumba

area which have not been

working since they were

destroyed during the war

as one such venture.

Coming to the thorny

issue of resettlement,

Senator Dhube said more

land for resettlement has

got to be made available

as soon as possible, "because there has been talk

of squatters — some

6150 families which is

about 37 000 people.

"These people are landless. They are in the

wrong places — commercial farms, Forestry Commission land and even

communal areas."

He said: "We are asking the Government to

acquire land for resettlement as a priority. We

can't move these people

to nowhere." He said the

squatter problem was

quite bad In Chipinge and

Chimanimani.

Talking about the province's development plan.

Senator Dhube said: "The

land and human resources

of the province being distinct and large as they

are, we feel that agriculture can be a big employer for school leaver's

and other youths."

The total developmental budget for the province for the next five

years was about $1,5

billion, he said.

He said this was a realistic figure because Manicaland has the second

largest provincial population after Mashonaland

Bast which includes Harare. The province has an

estimated population of

1,10a million people.

Senator Dhube saU

there will be continued

monitoring of the progress cf the plan "so that

71
wo update, and make

corrective measures where

necessary".

Senator Dhube became

Involved in politics after

coming' from a stint of

studües In the United

States where he studied

religion and law. His experiences in the US made

a significant contribution

to his becoming a politician. "I didn't see how I

could come home and

operate under conditions

that were not free as I

had seen abroad"

He said: "Upon return,

I preached the Gospel of

Gdd and politics." The

Smith regime quickly discovered what he was

doing and kept him under surveillance.

When the exodus of

young people to Mozambique was in full swing

in 1975, he was arrested

and detained at Whawha

orison until 1977. He wa3

released in anticipation

of the infamous March 3

Agreement of Sithole,

Smith, Chirau and Muzorewau

The internal parties

.persuaded him to stand

for them in elections in

his home area of Chinmniniani Ibut he refused "because it was obvious that

the war was not going- to

end".

In 1980, he became an

MP for Zanu (PF). That

same year he became

provindat chairman of

the party. In 1983 he was

made Deputy Minister of

Community Development

and Womon'a Affairs.

He was appointed provincial governor when

governorships were

created in 1984.

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ZIMBABWE

REPORT REVEALS BEEF INDUSTRY ON BRINK OF COLLAPSE

MB090901 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 9 Dec 86

[Text]A confidential report published in Harare says the beef industry in

Zimbabwe which export beef worth about $30 million to the EEC a year, is on the

brink of collapse. The report was compiled by unidentified people in the meat

industry and financial fields which include businessmen, butchers, and farmers.

Zimbabwe has an EEC quota of 8,000 tons of meat a year and can increase its

export to bring in $90 million a year. The report says poor producer prices,

rigid state control, and years of drought have brought a once flourishing

sector to its knees.

Demand at the moment, just before the Christmas season, far outstrips supply.

The state owned cold storage commission which is supposed to control all sales

and processing in the country has announced that from this week no more beef

will be available until producers sell more cattle.

/7358

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73
ANTI-HOARDING ORDER IMPOSED ON WIDE VARIETY OF COMMODITIES

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Nov 86 p 1

[Text] AN anti-hoarding order was

yesterday slapped on a wide

variety of goods ranging

from maize-meal, through

soap and car spares to petrol

and diesel.

Only cooking oil, margarine

and cooking fat were covered by

such an order before the Control

of Goods and Disposal of Commodities (Prevention of Hoarding) (Amendment) Order, 1986

(No. 1) was gazetted yesterday.

In terms of the amended schedule the following commodities

are now covered: animal fats and

vegetable oils and» fats, maize

meal and stock feeds, fertilisers,

agricultural seeds and remedies;

washing powders, bar soaps and

detergents, paints, knitting yams,

jute bags, plastic bags and bottles,

' drugs and pharmaceutical preparations, motor vehicles and motor

vehicle spare parts, and lubricating oils, paraffin, petrol and diesel.

The necessary regulations

allowing such orders to be made

was also amended in another

statutory instrument yesterday so

as to cover the necessary range.

' Anti - hoarding orders are

meant to prevent manufacturers,

wholesalers and retailers selling

listed commodities later at an increased price, or avoid price controls, or selling to a particular

class of customer rather than to

another class.

However, rationing schemes to

allow equitable distribution are

allowed. In terms of the order a

dealer has to display a calculated

portion of his stocks every day.

This portion is calculated by

dividing the stocks he holds by

the number of business days until the next.expected replenishment of stock.

He cannot display less than

this amount for sale and unless

he can prove he had good grounds

for believing otherwise he has to

assume the gap between replenishments is the same as it was: between the last replenishments.

If. a dealer finds it impractical

to display th£ minimum "ration"

for the day, the dealer must put

up a notice where his customers

can see it easily saying he has

the commodity available for sale.

The notice can only be taken

down when he has sold out 'the

"ration" for the day.

Dealers cannot hold stocks of

a specified commodity that exceeds by 25 percent the next expected delivery of such a commodity.

In terms of existing regulations it is also illegal to sell conditionally, forcing a customer to

buy something else as well as

the desired article.

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74
MARONDERA'S WATER SUPPLY BOOSTED BY RUFARO DAM

ZIMBABWE

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Nov 86 p 7

[Text] RUFARO Dam near

Marondera, built at

a coat of $5 million

by the Government,

was commissioned by

the Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Development,

Cde Kumbirai Kangai, yesterday.

The dam, which win

boost the water supply of

Marondera, Is an oarthfill

embankment 970 m long

with a maximum height

4of 27 m. Its stoj»ge

capacity la 0,25 million

cubic metres and It «a»

a surface area at full

supply level of 21 ha.

The contract for construction was awarded to

Costain (Africa) and the

design of the dam and

supervision was done by

the design division of

the Ministry of Energy,

Water Resources and Development.

Of the total cost the

Saudi Arabia government

provided $2 million whito

the Zimbabwe Government paid the remaining

$3 million.

A separate contract

was let for the construction of the intake tower

and access bridge which

was funded by the Marondera municipality.

Cd« Kangai said the

provision of safe drinking

water to the people by

the Government was In

line with "our socialist

thrust."

The dam was built in

accordance with the government's policy of providing assured water supplies to the urban sector.

In Marondera the growth

of the town had outstripped the available water.

The minister noted with

regret reports that some

members of the public

were abusing the privilege

of dams by taking stones

from the upstream rock

protection and throwing

them into the spillway.

"This creates extra

work for the maintenance

staff and may lead to

serious damage to the

dam In the future. I hope

this practice, which indicates the lack of gratitude by certain members

of the public will stop immediately and that all

other members will assist

by preventing these destructive acts," Cde Kangai said.

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75
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MILITARY AID CONTINUES--The British Military assistance to Zimbabwe is going

to continue and the team is at present involved in an enormous programme

in the Matabeleland area and Mozambique particularly along the Beira

Corridor. Speaking in Harare last week the commander of the BMATI team,

Brigadier Robert Hodges, said they were continuing to improve the logistic

organisation of the armies in these areas. He said more efforts had to be

put on the beira Corridor because it is important to the country. Since

independence the team has been involved in a continuous programme assisting

the Zimbabwean National Army, which Brigadier Hodges describes as one of

the best in Africa. [Text][Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 30 Nov 86 p 5]

/12828

WHEAT DEAL SIGNED--Negotiations for an agreement for a new shipment of 10 000

tonnes of Australian wheat for Zimbabwe have just been concluded, a spokesman

for the Australian High Commission in Harare said last week. The deal is

part of a triangular transaction involving three countries—Mozambique,

Australia and Zimbabwe. Australia will provide the wheat to Zimbabwe and in

turn Zimbabwe provides a quantity of maize--more than the wheat consignment--

to Mozambique. The spokesman said that an agreement was expected to be

concluded soon because the maize delivery to Mozambique is expected to be

sent "very early next year, probably in January".[Text][Harare THE SUNDAY

MAIL in English 30 Nov 86 p 5]/12828

PAKISTAN RICE COMING—The current shortage of rice in the country should

ease within the next eight weeks with the arrival of 15 000 tonnes of rice

from Pakistan, according to the general manager of the Grain Marketing

Board, Cde Ian Makone. He told The Sunday Mail that the shipment of rice

was part of a barter deal with Pakistan and should arrive by the end of

January. [Text][Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 30 Nov 86 p 5]/12828

ZIMOFA CHAIRMAN URGES AID TO MOZAMBIQUE--Mozambique was the rear base for

Zimbabweans during the liberation struggle and now it is time for

Mozambique to use Zimbabwe as a rear base to maintain its independence,

Lieutenant-Colonel Clemence Gaza, chairman of Zimofa, said in Harare on

Friday. He was speaking at a ceremony held by the Zimbabwe - Mozambique

Friendship Association to launch a campaign to provide food for famine

victims in Mozambique and a scholarship fund to enable Mozambican students

to study in Zimbabwe. Colonel Gaza said that during Zimbabwe's liberation

struggle every Mozambican worker gave a day's salary per month to support

that struggle. When Zimofa was formed at the beginning of the year to

76
formalise the solidarity between Mozambique and Zimbabwe and their peoples,

he said, the strengthening of the links between the two countries was not

seen as urgent. That had changed with the tragic death of Cde Machel,

which had introduced a new level of struggle. He urged every Zimbabwean

to become a member of the organisation which, he said, was intended to

complement the government and army links between Zimbabwe and Mozambique

with a popular grassroots movement. [Text][Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English

30 Nov 86 p 3]/12828

DAM NEARLY COMPLETED--Six villages in the Nemarundwi area of Zimuto, which

formed a village development committee in early 1985 are about to complete

building a dam on the Manyara River. An Agritex official, Cde Vurayayi

Muhwandavaka, who is co-ordinating the project said recently that villagers

decided on this project to provide adequate water supplies and to embark

on an irrigation project. He said they also intended introducing a fishing

project in order to generate income. [Text][Harare THE HERALD in English

2 Dec 86 p 4]/12828

DPRK YOUTH DELEGATION DEPARTS—The two-man delegation from the league of

socialist youth of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, left Harare

for Maputo this morning after a 3-day visit to Zimbabwe. The delegation and

the ZANU-PF youth league issued a joint communique, which was read by the

deputy secretary for youth, Comrade Charles Ndlovu. The communique said the

ZANU-PF youth league welcomed the initiative by the DPRK to arrange the 13th

international youth festival in Pyongyang in 1989. [Text] [Harare Domestic

Service in English 1115 GMT 10 Dec 86 MB] /7358

'BANDIT MENACE' ADDRESSED—The deputy commissioner of operations, comrade

(Gordon Mabika), has said the police support unit, working closely with other

security forces, was beating the bandit menace. Addressing senior officers

at the support unit headquarters in Harare yesterday, Comrade (Mabika) congratulated the security forces for their successes over dissidents. He said

border partrols will be intensified to check South Africa's threats. Comrade

(Mabika) also said roadblocks will be set up to make the festive season less

hazardous. He added that the Zambian police have been asked by Zimbabwe to

help fight poachers, saying a meeting has been held between the two sides to

coordinate antipoaching and general border security. [Text] [Harare Domestic

Service in English 0400 GMT 12 Dec 86 MB] /7358

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77
SOUTH AFRICA

MERCEDES REPORTEDLY TO STAY IN COUNTRY DESPITE GM DEPARTURE

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Oct 86 p 12

[Editorial: "Excuses to Pull Out"]

[Text] Reports, locally denied later, that the world's largest manufacturer

of motor vehicles, General Motors, is again considering pulling out of South

Africa, are perhaps not so surprising if we take into consideration the fact

that the firm is plodding along in a glutted market where rationalization is

urgently needed. But to profess that one of the main reasons is South

Africa's inability to progress with dismantling apartheid, as GM's chairman

claims, does not fly. On the contrary, it indicates on the one hand a lack of

understanding for the progress which has already been made in dismantling

apartheid. On the other hand, it looks like a very amateurish attempt to try

to conceal the company's inability to properly hold its own in the South

African motor industry.

South African colored people already have political representation in the

highest legislative body. Attempts are under way to urge those who do not yet

have this to carry on talks so that they can become involved too. Several

discriminatory laws have already been removed. Others are yet going to be

removed. No, if the company pulls out and joins the sanction groups, it will

play into the hands of those who think sanctions will bring South Africa to

its knees. And that will leave about 3,000 people, about 60 percent of whom

are black, unemployed. No wonder that the local distributors are so quickly

quenching fires.

How differently a big boss of Mercedes Benz saw it yesterday. He expressly

declared that his company is wholly opposed to sanctions as a way of bringing

about urgently needed change in South Africa. He also noted that sanctions

will hurt those very people whom the advocates of sanctions are trying to

benefit.

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78
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC MEMBERS DIFFER ON SUPPORT OF "NECKLACE KILLINGS'

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 13 Oct 86 p 6

[Editorial: "Necklaces and the ANC"]

[Text] It seems that the abhorrent necklace killings in South Africa's black

townships may yet become considerable embarrassment for the ANC. After the

secretary general of the ANC was quoted in a London newspaper as saying that

his organization supports such killings in order eliminate "collaborators'*

with the government, another ANC spokesman denied this in an interview with

DIR BURGER. At the same time, however, he said that the ANC refuses "to

condemn the people" who commit these murders. He also puts forward excuses

why the killers do it. If this is not tantamount to "support," then it

borders on it as nearly as possible. Probably without his having realized it,

the spokesman made an interesting acknowledgement. By saying that "nobody

under the discipline of the ANC" goes out of his way to use necklaces, he

admitted that the ANC does not have control over the ruffians of the black

neighborhoods, something that has for some time been claimed in other circles.

Supposing the ANC should one day come to power in South Africa, what certainty

can it have that it would then be able to get control over a generation of

people who have become slaves of animal emotions?

At the Tory congress in Bournemouth, the British minister of foreign affairs,

Sir Geoffrey Howe, warned the ANC and other blacks in South Africa that they

must stop their violence if they do not want to lose the sympathy of the West.

He also specifically condemned the necklace killings. Even if those concerned

should ignore the warning, Sir Geoffrey's words indicate a certain degree of

understanding for what is going on in South Africa. May more Western leaders

raise their voices in that way. Even the Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, Dr

Desmond Tutu, over the weekend condemned the use of necklaces and the

"reckless violence" of those who attack civilian targets with bombs. It is to

be hoped that his words receive attention in wide circles.

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79
SOUTH AFRICA

CHOICE OF NEW NG CHURCH MODERATOR HAILED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 Oct 86 p 12

[Editorial: "The New Moderator"]

[Text] With the election of Professor Johan Heyns as the new moderator, the

General Synod of the NG Church yesterday put a talented church leader at the

helm of its affairs, one who will undoubtedly strive vigorously for the

fundamental principle of reconciliation in South Africa. His election

promises to meet the high expectations, which will henceforth be harbored, of

the leadership that will have to come from him and his moderatorship in a time

of trial for the Church and the country — not only just because Professor

Heyns has become the new moderator, but because the NG Church cannot escape

the changes which are taking place in South Africa, and which will require

more dynamic leadership than ever from the NG Church too. Pressure on the NG

Church to adapt to new circumstances and new demands is getting stronger and

stronger abroad and at home. The NG Church has recently also become more and

more the target of meddlesome elements that want to try to spread the

political discord within Afrinakerdom to the Church. Constructive, healthy

difference of opinion within the NG Church is one thing, destructive and

irreconciliable discord quite another thing. That can play right into the

hands of South Africa's enemies — to the further detriment of the country and

all its people, but also of the Church and Christendom.

Professor Heyns, moderator of the Northern Transvaal Synod, is eminently

suitable for leading the NG Church. He is not only intellectually well

equipped for his responsible task. He is also especially experienced, as an

active teacher who has stood in service, as well as an acknowledged

theological thinker who enjoys esteem throughout the country. He was

a lecturer at the Seminary at Stellenbosch before he moved to Pretoria, where

he became a professor in a different environment. In addition, Professor

Heyns is an ecumenical figure who has already represented the NG Church at the

World Federation of Reformed Churches and the Reformed Ecumenical Synod. He

can take a stand and state his case. We pray for the wisdom of Solomon for

him and his moderatorship in their big task to make a cohesive power of the NG

Church in challenging times, a power which will play a leading role in

helping to create a better future for South Africa and all its people.

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80
SOÖIH AERICA

IDEA OF SEPARATE STATE FOR WHITES VIEWED WITH CONTEMPT

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 16 Oct 86 p 12

[Editorial: "Intestate"]

[Text] The volkstaat [ethnic state] idea is causing so much disruption among

far rightists that it is beginning to look more and more like a political atom

that may split, with devastating consequences in ultra-rightist politics. The

essential volkstaat idea lies pent up in the Boerestaat policy of the

Afrikaner-Weerstandsbeweging [Resistance Movement], the men with the leggings

and three-legged swastika who are befriended by Dr Andries Treurnicht's

Conservative Party. The idea of a Boerestaat, consisting of parts of the

Transvaal, the [Orange] Free State and Northern Natal, is, however, summarily

rejected by the KP's other ally, the Herstigte Nasionale Party, which does not

want to throw the Cape and Natal to the wolves. After it looked for a while

as if the KP was in this matter also following behind the HNP's ideological

lead, as usual, the KP mouthpiece has now come out with a different tune.

According to it, Dr Treurnicht, as well as a KP MP, do not think that the

AWB's volkstaat idea is irreconciliable with KP policy.

Such escapist thinking is of course not alien to Dr Treurnicht, for when he is

not meting out religious slurs against political opponents, he — like the man

who is being chased by a lion — is looking for a tree which has to be there.

He therefore sees his way clear to making the PWV area, the country's

industrial center, a white heartland, even though an authority like Sabra also

thinks that it is impossible to "disentwine" such an area which is totally

integrated economically. Even a white heartland probably does not yet satisfy

the fundamentalist thoughts of a Boerestaat, which hark back to the Nazi ideas

about a "pure volk" It is probably not far-fetched that the ultra-rightists

are going to be forced more and more in that direction: not only toward a pure

Afrikaner state, but perhaps also another state for English, Portuguese,

Greeks, Germans... And can a homeland for Indians work if there is not a Hindu

and a Muslim state? Where should the Chinese homeland be? Is a Colored

homeland conceivable if there is no heartland for Cape Coloreds, one for

Malays, another for the Griquas, or perhaps yet another for Bushmen? Such

nightmares still await the far rightists, the more so because their antiNational fanaticism shows more and more that they are actually intestate as

far as constructive political thinking is concerned.

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81
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MALAN NAMED TRANSVAAL NP DEPUTY CHAIRMAN—The minister of defense, General

Magnus Malan, has been elected as one of the deputy chairmen of the

National Party in the Transvaal. The Transvaal party leader, Mr F.W.

de Klerk announced that General Malan was elected unanimously at the

executive meeting of the party in Pretoria today to replace the minister

of transport, Dr Hendrik Schoeman, who is to retire from politics. The

NP's two other deputy chairmen in the Transvaal are the minister of

foreign affairs, Mr Pik Botha, and the minister of education and development aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service

in English 1600 GMT 29 Nov 86] /9604

LE GRANGE DESCRIBES POLICE'S DIFFICULTIES—The outgoing mimister of law

and order, Mr Louis le Grange, says the police have experienced an

onslaught during the past 7 years unlike any before in the force's

73-year history. Speaking at a passing out parade in Pretoria where the

police took leave of Mr Le Grange as minister of law and order, he said

that the police, who were hampered by a manpower shortage, had to combat

the rising crime rate brought about by population growth. Mr Le Grange

said that despite the increasing population the unrest situation and the

weak economy with its resultant higher unemployment had also contributed

to a sharp increase in crime. Mr Le Grange said that in the 12 months

period until June this year, motor vehicle theft had increased by more

than 18 percent, house breaking by more than 15 percent, and robbery

by about 14 percent. Drug abuse had also risen sharply during this

period and 35,000 people had been charged for dealing in dagga and 2,000

people had been charged for other drug related offences. However,

Mr Le Grange said the number of unrests related incidents had declined

considerably since the announcement of the state of emergency, although

the climb of unrest had not yet subsidied sufficiently. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 28 Nov 86] /9604

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82
SOUTH AFRICA

ISRAEL CLAMPS DOWN ON DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGES FOR HOMELANDS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 18 Nov 86 p 3

[Text]

TEL AVIV — Israel has informally warned

representatives of the "homelands" that it

plans to make their operations in Israel

more difficult.

Homeland representatives arriving in Israel on

diplomatic passports would not be allowed in,

said a Foreign Ministry spokesman.

"If they come in on any normal passport they

will be physically allowed in, but won't be given

any privileges nor will they be allowed to use any

official flags or emblems," the spokesman said.

A Ciskei or Transkei passport-holder, for example, would be allowed in as a tourist or businessman without any problems. It was only when he

demanded diplomatic or other privileges the Israelis will make problems, the Foreign Ministry

official said.

In the past Israeli representatives of the homelands' offices here have caused problems by arriving to pick up homeland dignitaries in black

limousines with flags flying, and police have permitted them on to the tarmac to welcome their

guests, in one instance with a bevy of barebreasted Ciskei maidens in tow. That caused some sarcastic headlines here and embarrassment for the

Foreign Office.

New political director

The new political director of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, Dr Josef Bailin, spelt out Israel's

non-recognition of the homelands in a late night

television news show here.

Mr Bailin said Israel would give the representatives no formal standing and would "not let

them work" here although, he added, Israel could

not prevent business ties.

The Foreign Ministry would not be drawn yesterday to expand further on the reasons for the

ban.

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83
SOUTH AFRICA

REASONS BEHIND MANDELA RELEASE SUPPORT EXPLORED

Johannesburg FRONTLINE in English Nov 86 p 6

[Commentary]

[Text]

DAY after day appeals ring out for Nelson

Mandela's release. Hardly any articulated arguments to the opposite effect appear in the

media, and the impression is created that here

is a cut-and-dried common-sense course which is obstructed only by the obstinacy of the cabinet.

The perspective from Union Buildings is different.

The letters pleading for Mandela not to be released outnumber the other kind severalfold — and come from the

electorate, whereas nearly all the pro-release letters bear

foreign stamps.

Many of the "anti" letters, it is understood, reflect a

desperate fear that the freeing of Mandela symbolises

the capitulation of the whites.

Innumerable edgy Rambos in the army and police

share this fear, and it is understood that some extremely

blunt discussions regarding the continued loyalty of the

forces have taken place at high level.

Thus, the strength of the anti-release faction is one

of three major factors working on government.

The second is the catastrophic effect of keeping

the political prisoners in jail.

The most direct reason for the collapse of black

political structures is the continued incarceration of

the prisoners. This is not primarily because of

deference to their leadership. More importantly, it is because even those people who would like to oppose

them whole-heartedly are hamstrung for as long as

they remain in jail.

The National Statutory Council has flopped for this

reason. Government cannot find any blacks to serve on it

while the political prisoners are in jail.

Black town councils are in tatters for the same

reason. It is possible that one homeland parliament will

shortly resign en masse, with the imprisoned leaders as

the proximate cause. Even if this does not have a skittles

effect, it is certain to sharpen animosity against remaining homeland leaders.

Further, Nelson Mandela has been so effectively

cast as the personification of liberation that if he dies

in Pollsmoor an entirely new level of violence may

be expected, with Kamikaze retaliation against whites

and collaborators as part of it.

So government is in a double bind. Release

Mandela or keep him jailed, either way it faces

catastrophe.

Factor No 3 is the question of what Mandela would

do.

Two things are odd in this respect. One is that the

government has not deigned to do the simple thing —

ask him.

The other is that assessment of what might

happen next has been lacking from the clamour for release. We hear only the demand, and the vague hope

that it will pave the way to negotiations. We never

hear how, and we never hear any projection of a

post-release scenario.

Here is one scenario:

With half the world media's cameras pointing at him,

Mandela says: "The aim of the struggle is to achieve one

single and equal South Africa in which all citizens have

the same rights. We are not prepared to negotiate for

blacks to have half or nine-sixteenths of the effective

citizenship which white people have. The struggle goes

on until there is full equality, and I call on everyone to

join it".

Thereupon, the revolutionary effort takes an upturn.

Hitherto uninvolved blacks join up. The hand of the

comrades is strengthened. Strikes and stayaways increase. So do bombs and necklaces. Black civil servants

defect. White rightists abandon caution, now truly convinced they are fighting for their lives. AWB types

launch genocide campaigns. What's left of the economy

collapses. The emigration stream becomes a refugee

flood, with a good many of the clamourers among it.

If the clamourers dispute this scenario, perhaps they

would produce one of their own. They seem to think that

Mandela would reverse the entire foundation of all he

84
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has stood for, and negotiate for something short of one

man one vote. Perhaps they would explain how they

reconcile this with Mandela's refusal last year to

renounce violence.

Is an unbanned ANC expected to participate in

racial elections, or negotiate for some half-and-half formula?

Is it not more probable that unbanned into a society where government remains dedicated to the

avoidance of one man one vote, the ANC denounces

constitutional processes as illegimate? Its quest to develop alternative structures is greatly facilitated. So is its

ability to discredit and victimise blacks who participate

in official structures. Street committees and the like

flourish, parodying democracy in the name of advancing

the people's cause and impervious to the check of an

orderly system of secret ballots. The ANC becomes the

controlling sponsor of a network of activists who suppress dissent as anti-revolutionary and impose their own

domination on the people they are nominally freeing.

Society is gripped between two tyrannical political

power-blocs in violent conflict.

Clearly, there will be no peace and stability in South

Africa until the political prisoners and their Parties are

playing their roles in the constitutional process. But it is

not enough to trot out the cry for release and unbanning.

What is far more important is to explore what is

required to enable those releases and unbannings to

actually take place. Before they can happen, it is

necessary for there to be a public conception of a society in which one man one vote is fulfilled, with the

certainty that it does not mean a swop from minority domination to majority domination.

Once this is achieved, it becomes possible for the

prisoners to be released, and it becomes possible to

expect them to take up responsible roles within the

constitutional framework.

Without it, the calls for release are hollow.

Accordingly, those who clamour for Mandela s release may be requested to change their focus. Let

them rather explore how this can become realistically

possible.

Let them at the same time examine the effects

of their singling-out of a single Party and a single

man as the holders of the key to peace. They have

elevated Mandela from a fallible human being into a

God, and the ANC from a political party into the

symbol of'black aspirations. May they re-assess. G

85
SOUTH AFRICA

NATAL CHRISTIAN LEADERS CALL FOR END TO EMERGENCY

MB090852 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0836 GMT 9 Dec 86

[Text] Durban, 9 Dec, SAPA—Leaders of seven mainstream Christian Denominations in Natal have called for the state of emergency to be lifted and the

release of Nelson Mandela and all other political prisoners and detainees.

In a joint Christmas message, the church leaders say that banned political

organisations must be unbanned so that a process of negotiation about the

future can start.

The leaders who have issued the statement are: Dr John Borman, chairman of

the Natal Coastal District of the Methodist Church of southern Africa; the

Reverend Ezrom Dlamini, chairman of the Natal Regional Council of the United

Congregational Church of southern Africa; the Right Reverend Enos Dlamini,

Bishop of the South Eastern Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of

Southern Africa; the Most Reverend Denis Hurley, archbishop of the Roman

Catholic Archdiocese of Durban; the Reverend Sam Khumalo presiding elder of

the Presbyterian Church of Africa; the Reverend Robin Marshall, chairman of

the Durban and District Council of Churches, and the Right Reverend Michael

Nuttall, bishop of the Anglican Diocese of Natal.

The churchmen call for schools to be reopened, the restrictions imposed on

students to be repealed and a form of education "relevant to the needs of the

people" to be introduced.

The leaders said celebrating Christmas during a state of emergency and in an

apartheid society would make many Christians feel uneasy.

"There are too many contradictions. For any sensitive Christian, the parties,

presents, decorations, carols, bells and even the Christmas services will be

disturbing when we remember that almost 500 children will probably spend their

Christmas in detention."

Thousands had been detained since the state of emergency was declared on

12 June, they added.

"How can we ignore the presence of thousands of troops in the townships, the

severe restrictions on news and information, the curbs on the right of people

to meet and make their views known, and the fear in the hearts of so many?"

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SOUTH AFRICA

DURBAN CITY COUNCIL VOTES AGAINST GROUP AREAS ACT

MB120945 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0900 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] The Durban city council has rejected the Group Areas Act for the third

time this year. It voted 18 to 8 yesterday to reaffirm its opposition to

racially separate residential areas. The council has also urged the immediate

reopening to all races of the half empty (Edgewood) Teacher's Training College

in a fierce debate on government moves to racially rezone vacant plots in the

white suburb of Sherwood, to house a new building for the (Bershee) Teacher

Training college which caters for coloreds. Councillor Peter Mansfield said

the decision to build another college when a white college in Pietermaritzburg

is being closed and (Edgewood) is crying out for students is based on, in his

words, Alice in Wonderland madness. Right-wing councillor, Fritz Louw agreed.

He described the government plan as not wise.

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SOUTH AFRICA

MUSLIM PREACHER DISCUSSES PROSELYTIZING ACTIVITIES

Tripoli AL-DAAWA AL-ISLAMIA in French 15 Oct 86 p 5

[Interview with Muslim author and lecturer Ahmed Deedat by Areef Salauroo in

Tripoli, Libya; date not given]

[Text] We met him just after Al-Maghreb Prayers in his room at the Bab

Al-Baher Hotel, where the Third General Congress of the Islamic Call has been

meeting.

Ahmed Didat said, as he received us quietly and hospitably: "I am getting

older and I became interested in issues that need urgent attention."

With this we began an interview with Ahmed Didat. He is an outspoken Muslim

preacher who has a career as an author, lecturer and restless speaker.

[Question] Tell us what led you to become a preacher.

[Answer] When I emigrated to Durban (South Africa) in 1927, I worked for an

American evangelical mission. The missionaries tried to convert me to

Christianity by telling me that the Koran is a copy of the Bible, that Islam

had been propagated at sword point, and that the Prophet Mohammed had several

wives. I knew nothing of this. I knew very little of the Koran. However,

Allah—the Almighty—clarified things for me by arranging for me to obtain,

quite by accident, a book entitled "Izhar al-Haqq" (The Revelation of the

Truth). Since that time I have had the weapon necessary to overcome the

arguments of the Christian evangelists.

[Question] Tell us about preaching. What do you think of it?

[Answer] The "Daawa" [the call] is the first duty of each muslim (Awaal Fard).

Before prayers, almsgiving, fasting, and the pilgrimage, the Prophet Mohammed

propagated Islam and invited people to the true path and to the light of

Islam.

[Question] You must have travelled a great deal in carrying out your mission

as a preacher. However, as far as Libya is concerned, is this your first

visit?

88
[Answer] In fact, I have travelled a great deal. As far as Libya is

concerned—this great country with its glorious history—this is my second

visit. The first time, I was invited by the Islamic Call Society to discuss

matters concerning the publication of some of my books. I was to publish

50,000 copies of books involving six titles. I had already published 5,000

copies of books under the six different titles, and we were engaged in

negotiating for the publication of 270,000 copies of books. The purpose of my

second visit is to participate actively in the Third General Congress of the

Islamic Call Society. I am very happy to have had the chance to participate

in this congress, because I have had an occasion to meet Muslim brothers

coming from the four corners of the world. I gave a lecture in the course of

the work of this congress and I have brought my brothers up to date on what is

happening in the Muslim world. There are serious things that are happening.

Our enemies are well armed, and we need to know about the weapons they have.

[Question] Tell us more specifically about these weapons which our enemies

have.

[Answer] There are many of them. However, what I consider the most dangerous

are Christian publications about Islam.

You would be astonished. Your readers would be even more so. Many people say

that I exaggerate. Look. (Ahmed Deedat showed us several books. Among them

we noted the following titles: (1) "Al-Kitab - Seminaire sur la presence

musulmane" [Al-Kitab - Seminar on the Muslim Presence]; (2) "Pourquoi me

suis-je converti au christianisme" [Why I Converted to Christianity]; (3) Le

defi de 1'Islam en Afrique du Sud" [The Challenge of Islam in South Africa].)

These books are very well prepared. The covers are impressive. The titles

are in Arabic script. Muslims are easily caught in traps. They are pleased

to have these books and carefully keep them alongside the holy Koran. In

fact, these are snakes which we are keeping in our homes.

[Question] It looks to us as if these publications fill you with fear.

[Answer] Indeed, they do. Try to understand me. Some 800,000 copies of the

Bible are distributed free of charge in South Africa alone. The Bible is

published in 107 different African languages. The New Testament is published

in 117 different African languages. The Bible is also published in 11

different forms of Arabic script. Do you know what these free copies of the

Bible say? "A present from Christianity to the Muslims," a copy of the Bible

distributed without cost. Jehovah's Witnesses publish one book per month,

entitled: "La verite qui nous mene a la vie eternelle" [The Truth Which Leads

Us to Eternal Life]. There are 8-4 million copies of it published in 95

different languages. They also have other publications: "The Watch Tower,"

with 10.2 million copies distributed in 102 languages; "Awake," with 8.9

million copies distributed in 54 languages; "The Plain Truth," with 8,080,000

copies distributed without charge throughout the world. In leafing through a

copy of this last named magazine, I noted that Jehovah's Witnesses, who are of

American origin, are very active in Nigeria—a Muslim country. We must be

very vigilant.

89
[Question] So vou know very well the weapons they have. And how do you deal

with them? Do you have effective weapons against them?

[Answer] Thanks be to God, the Almighty, we also have effective weapons.

There is a Chinese proverb which says that "one picture is worth 10,000

words." Therefore, we also publish books on timely subjects, such as: (1) "Ce

que la Bible dit a propos de Mohammed" [What the Bible Says About Mohammed],

of which 300,000 copies have been published; (2) "Quel est son nom? Allah"

[What Is His Name? Allah], with 500,000 copies published; (3) "Est-ce que la

Bible est la parole de Dieu? Non" [Is the Bible the Word of God? No];

(4) "Le Dieu qui n'a jamais ete" [The God Who Never Was]; (5) "Crucifixion ou

cruci-fiction" [Crucifixion or Cruci-Fiction]; and (6) "Le Pape jouant a

cache-cache avec les musulmans" [The Pope Playing Hide and Seek with the

Muslims], with 500,000 copies published. (In this last-named book Ahmed

Deedat states that the Pope is inviting Muslims to take part in a hypocritical

dialogue. Deedat himself has often asked to have a meeting with the Pope, but

the Pope has never answered him. The Pope is therefore playing hide and seek

with him.)

[Question] If we understand correctly, you publish books and organize

discussion groups. What else do you do?

[Answer] We make use of a great deal of publicity, to encourage people to read

the Koran. We distribute free of charge a pamphlet whose title is "The Most

Positive Book in the World—Al-Kuran." We set up lighted billboards through

South Africa to tell the people: "Read the Koran." We have also produced

video cassette recordings on Islam (30 different titles).

[Question] Are you satisfied with the results of your work?

[Answer] Yes, I thank God, the All Powerful, that 5,000 people became Muslims

after hearing me. Hundreds of young people have been armed to deal with their

enemies. I am not speaking of rifles but of convincing words.

[Question] We thank you, Ahmed Deedat. May God watch over you.

[Answer] It is I who should thank you and, through your newspaper, thank the

World Association of the Islamic Call and the Libyan people for this warm

reception, as well as brother Mu'ammar Qadhdhafi, a leader of the people, a

man of the masses.

Pray for me, as I will pray for you.

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SOUTH AFRICA

UNREST AFFECTS CRIME RATE IN WHITE SUBURBS

MB101742 Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Dec 86 p 1

[Text] Police public relations officers have conceded that the rise in thefts

in white suburbs over the past six months can be attributed partly to the

large deployment of police in black townships.

Before confirming this, numerous police spokesmen refused to speculate on the

effect fewer police in the suburbs could have on crime statistics.

They admitted, however, that there was room for improvement in crime prevention.

A private security-industry source alleges up to 80 percent of the police

force is used in the townships.

A new police unit, the Robbery Reaction Unit, was established recently, amid a

wave of publicity, to counter the expected rise in crime on the Witwatersrand

during the Christmas season.

Approximately 2,000 cars are stolen monthly in the Witwatersrand area.

Household thefts have risen by about 30 percent.

The police force is to be increased to more than 86,000 from 48,000, by 1994.

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SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE PENINSULA OPENS MORE BEACHES TO ALL RACES

MB091705 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1641 GMT 9 Dec 86

[Text] Cape Town, 9 Dec, SAPA—All except two beaches in the Cape Peninsula

have been declared open to all races. The exceptions are Bloubergstrand and

Melkbosstrand.

The Divisional Council [DIVCO] of the Cape decided at its meeting today to

ignore the administrator, Mr Gene Louw—he has failed to reply to two requests

for permission to open beaches—and to open its beaches for the summer. DIVCO

beaches which are now open include Llandudno, Hou Bay, Kommetjie, Noordhoek

and Scarborough. Cape Point Nature Reserve beaches have been open for some

time. The council has also agreed in principle to desegregate Melkbosstrand

and Blouberstrand beaches, but will delay their opening until facilities have

been upgraded.

The council today unanimously decided to support a recommendation from chairman

Mr L.J. Rothman that the beaches be opened with immediate effect for the holiday season and that the matter be reassessed afterwards. Mr Rothman was replying to questions by Mr Neil Ross, who asked when the council had applied to the

administrator to open the beaches under their jurisdiction, what the response

had been, whether any further progress had been made, and whether any further

action was contemplated.

Mr Rothman said application was made to Mr Louw on 11 July after council resolutions of 25 March and 24 June. No written response had been received but they

had heard verbally that the matter was submitted to the executive committee,

which deferred further consideration until the President's council reported on

legislation relative to the reservation of separate amenities. "Having only

taken a decision in principle, expectations must surely have been aroused and

I wish to recommend that the council decides to open the beaches for the

season," Mr Rothman said.

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SOUTH AFRICA

IDASA ADDRESSES ANTAPARTHEID MEETING

MB090939 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0900 GMT 9 Dec 86

[Text] The Institute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa [IDASA] has

been given the go-ahead by both township and progressive white organizations.

At a closed meeting held in Port Elizabeth last night, Peggy Killeen was there

and provided details.

[Killeen] Eighty delegates from community based organizations were present at

the meeting, which was addressed by Dr Van Zyl Slabbert. IDASA says it is not

a movement or political party, but aims at conscientizing [as heard] white

opinion towards a nonracial democracy by providing nationwide forums and creating a fund of unbiased information. Slabbert, director of policy and planning,

and Alex Boraine, executive director, stressed the need for consultation and

support from the ground. IDASA's official launch will take place in Port

Elizabeth because it is seen as a depressed area with the greatest need for a

democratic alternative. Slabbert said the long-term goal of IDASA is to get

as many people to abandon apartheid as possible.

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SOUTH AFRICA

CHRISTMAS PARTY HONORS CHILDREN IN DETENTION

MB101436 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1304 GMT 10 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 10 Dec, SAPA—A children's Christmas party with a difference was held in Khotso House in Johannesburg today—the children in whose

honour it was given were not able to attend as they are in detention.

About 500 parents wept openly as hampers of food for the juvenile detainees

were collected and speeches were made marking the 38th anniversary of the

Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations.

Despite the national official figure of 256 children being detained—given by

the commissioner of police earlier this week—there were more than 300 names

on a list on the wall of children allegedly detained in the Witwatersrand area.

A Black Sash'organiser, Mrs Ethel Walt, told the parents that on the anniversary of the Declaration of Human Rights, "we in South Africa have nothing to

celebrate as the government shows every sign of using greater and greater force

against the people as we move toward Christmas."

Since the start of the second state of emergency the authorities have "consistently refused to release any information about children in detention."

"Finally provoked into doing so by the growing public outcry and by figures

revealed by the Black Sash and the Detainees Parents Support Committee, the

authorities have...responded that only 256 children under 16 are in detention.

"It matters little that there are 256 or five times that number or even one.

We simply believe that children belong at home and not behind bars," Mrs Walt

said.

"What kind of society needs to be protected from its own children?

"Civilised countries guard their children as their most valued asset. They protect them from harm, they nurture and guide them because they are the future.

"We are brutalising our children. We are running the risk of damaging them

irreparably. We are recklessly squandering this most precious investment in

our future," Mrs Walt said.

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SOUTH AFRICA

LAWYERS NOTE 'SHAME, DISGRACE' OF CHILD DETENTIONS

MB101556 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1422 GMT 10 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 10 Dec, SAPA—It was not surprising, given the political

structures of this country, that South Africa refused to affirm the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights, the chairman of the General Bar Council of South

Africa said at a meeting in Johannesburg today. Mr Arthur Chaskalson, who was

speaking at a meeting in a Johannesburg church marking the 38th anniversary of

the declaration, said only the Soviet bloc, Saudi Arabia and the (then) Union

of South Africa abstained from signing the document. He said since 1948 the

Soviet bloc and Saudi Arabia had signed the declaration, leaving South Africa

as the only non-signatory.

"So today we meet on Human Rights Day under emergency rule at a time when much

prominence is being given to the basest of all human rights invasions—the

arbitary detention of children. No special rules have been made for the

detention of children. They are held in terms of regulations which are of

general application to all detainees and which do not comply with the protective provisions of the Prisons Act and the Children Act."

He said the figure of 256 children in detention was the position on one day in

November or December. "What about the other days? How many children have

been taken and held in detention and later released without being charged during the two periods totalling 14 months that emergency rule existed before

December 1986.

"To hold a single child is a disgrace. To hold 256 is scandalous and to have

held thousands—as surely must have happened over the period of 14 months if

as many as 256 were in detention on one day—brings shame upon all of us,"

Mr Chaskalson told the 300 people at the meeting.

"It is said that the children are militant and participate in acts of violence

and destruction... if the children are rebelling the answer is not to throw

them into prison or police cells but to find out why they are rebelling and to

deal with those causes," he said.

Another speaker, the president of Lawyers for Human Rights, Mr Martin Knoll,

said the fewer the children held, the less difficult it should be for the

authorities to find other and suitable accommodation outside prison in which

95
to place them. "The legislative sanction of detention without trial was a rash

step because it disregarded the enlightened example set by the British Government in its emergency legislation. In Britain the Emergency Powers Act of 1920

and 1964 specifically prohibit any alteration of the existing procedure in

criminal cases and any fine or imprisonment without trial," he said.

"It seems apparent that the real cause underlying the present tragic situation

in our country, where children are being held in prison, is the system of

detention without trial. Abolish that system, return to rule of law with its

inbuilt safeguard of habeas corpus, and it becomes inconceivable that a child

could or would be so held.

"The real question remains why imprison children at all? If it is necessary to

hold them, other suitable places of accommodation must be found. The younger

ones should, in general, be returned to the custody of their parents or other

suitable custodians," he said.

"It has taken the civilised world centuries to reach the stage in legal development where the law is genuinely designed for the protection of children. Laws

or conduct which could be seen as a reversion by the south African authorities

to times past ... must at all costs be avoided," Mr Knoll said.

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SOUTH AFRICA

HUMAN RIGHTS DAY MEETING DEMANDS CHILDREN RELEASE

MB120502 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0121 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Pietermaritzburg, 11 Dec, SAPA—A meeting to commemorate Human Rights

Day held in Pietermaritzburg yesterday condemned detentions under security

legislation and called on the government to release all children detained for

political reasons before Christmas.

Speakers emphasised the need to mark 10 December—proclaimed as Human Rights

Day by the United Nations—by renewed efforts to create a more equal, humane

and democratic world.

"The Universal Declaration on Human Rights, which has been accepted by most

countries in the world but not South Africa, has been the seed from which has

grown the basic concept of democracy," said one speaker.

Other speakers referred to the irony of holding a human rights meeting on the

eve of severe new press restrictions.

Mr Yunus Carrim, of the NIC (Natal Indian Congress) said the emergency affected everyone and whites in particular had never before been so adversely

affected.

He said the new press clamp indicated a government in crisis but "this crisis

affects us all."

j -

The meeting was sponsored by Lawyers for Human Rights, the United Democratic

Front, Black Sash, the Pietermaritzburg agency for Christian Social Awareness,

the Natal Indian Congress, Detainees Support Committee and Joint Academic

Staff Association.

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SOUTH AFRICA

PRESS RESTRICTIONS PROVOKE CRITICISMS

Jodac Warning

MB121433 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1323 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Dec, SAPA—White South Africans were today warned not

to rest in the "calm and false normality the government's latest blackout of

reality" would produce, the Johannesburg Democratic Action Committee [JODAC],

said.

JODAC, one of the affiliates of the United Democratic Front said in a press

statement the white community in particular were more vulnerable than ever "to

the same ignorance of the state of the struggle in South Africa as whites in

Rhodesia were of the struggle in Zimbabwe."

"Such ignorance may lead to acquiesence and finally to complicity with the

government's actions and its version of such actions.

"In Nuremburg trials of a future South Africa it will not be an adequate

defence for white South Africans to claim that they did not know what atrocities were being committed in their name."

JODAC said it protests "the wholesale demolition of freedom of speech and of

the press by the new regulations issued by the apartheid government.

"Depriving the South African people of their right to know what is being done

in their own country is a calculated act of tyranny and justified in the name

of maintaining public order.

"For one thing the government does not actually have the support of the majority of that public it is claiming to defend. For another, it is not logical

to maintain public order by imposing censorship and secrecy on the public

sphere.

"How can the public order be served by that which is not public?

"The regulations serve only to maintain an apartheid order which proejcts itself as moderate while at the same time imposes extreme restrictions that even

Goebbels would have been proud of.

98
In addition to censoring reality the new regulations will allow the government

to report events which no journalist will be allowed to verify.

"The government's way to disinformation and misrepresentation of the facts will

be wide open.

"The new regulations, together with the restrictions and detentions of many

South Africans are transparent attempts to stifle the voice of legal opposition

to and peaceful protest against the governments repressive policies.

"JODAC calls on all democratic white South Africans to join us in these times

of increasing repression and censorship in demanding a free press and freedom

of speech and association."

Marais: Restrictions 'Not Justified'

MB121135 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1119 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Pretoria, 12 Dec, SAPA—Press Curbs to halt all subversive comment

against the government were rather the preparation for a general election than

related to the state of emergency, far right Herstigte Nasionale Party leader,

Mr Jaap Marais said today.

He compared the restrictions with similar restrictions on the press on nomination day before the 30 November 1977 general election.

The government announced the closure of the outspoken black newspaper, WORLD,

and banning orders were placed on its editor, Percy Qoboza, now editor of

Nasionale Pers [National Press] owned black newspaper CITY PRESS.

Dr Beyers Naude, the chief of the Christian Institute, was also house arrested,

the institute closed and its publications banned.

"Our information is that the state president (P.W. Botha) will announce the

general election early next year. It could be on New Year's Day."

Dr Marias said if the press curbs were only related to the state of emergency

they could have closed down the newspaper "that take things to the limit."

"To place general restrictions that are so far reaching is not justified under

the present circumstances."

99
PFP's Swart Calls for Public Support

MB151034 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1019 GMT 15 Dec 86

[Text] Durban, 15 Dec, SAPA—The final curtain on democracy in South Africa

had been drawn with the latest press curbs, the Progressive Federal Partys

Natal leader, Mr Ray Swart, said here today.

Unless the public were prepared to support the press at this crucial time,

they would get the "government they deserve." Mr Swart said history had shown

that censoring the free press was the last step taken by any government before

imposing a totalitarian regime. South Africans had to decide if they were

prepared to allow this to happen or to stand up for "democratic and decent"

values.

It was also obvious that the newly created government "news service" to deal

with unrest reports, the Inter-departmental Press Liaison Centre [IPLC], was

nothing more than "a media suppression mechanism."

He said this was graphically illustrated last Friday when THE STAR in Johannesburg submitted six stories to the IPLC for clearance. Each request received

the same reply: "Your request to publish is refused, repeat: refused."

SAPA's news service was also refused clearance on a report on the United Democratic Front's decision to challenge the new restrictions in the supreme court.

"The IPLC is basically just an organisation created to prevent the free flow

of news," said Mr Swart. The government doesn't give a damn about disseminating information it believes people should not know. And at a critical period

in our history, the public will be even more misinformed than ever before."

He said there was little the press could do without breaking the law in fighting the curbs—the toughest restrictions imposed on the media in the country's

history.

"What is really needed is a vigorous public campaign to support the press. The

ideal of a free press is a bastion of democracy and one of the good and decent

values our society should be upholding. Unfortunately, in many instances people are apathetic about this. Indeed, some even believe that news reports

should be censured."

Law Societies: 'Serious Invasion'

MB121439 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1345 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Dec, SAPA—The new press regulations are a serious

invasion of the fundamental common law rights of freedom of expression, the

president of the Association of Law Societies, Mr Roger Cleaver, said in a

statement today.

100
Speaking on behalf of the attorney's profession, Mr Cleaver said that because

of earlier restrictions on communication, it was not possible to make a reasonably informed assessment of the factual situation in areas of unrest.

"One cannot therefore, say to what extent the further restrictions are unwarranted," he said. "In their general ambit, however, the regulations are

extremely far-reaching and clearly disturb fundamental legal values.

"Our common law is a resilient instrument as has again been shown by recent

judgements of our courts. It remains to be seen whether, not withstanding

this latest executive action, it is still capable of providing appropriate

relief to injustice or for the protection of fundamental human rights,"

Mr Cleaver said.

ECC Considers Actions

MB130450 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0058 GMT 13 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Dec, SAPA—The End Conscription Campaign [ECC] said

today it was "outraged" by the latest clampdown on freedom of the press and

freedom of speech. "These measures dispel any doubt that the Nationalist

government has effectively become a Latin American-style one-party dictatorship bent on retaining power by any means available," the ECC said in a statement in Johannesburg. "This deplorable attempt to restrict the flow of information in our country is the action of a government desperately attempting to

stave off pressures to negotiate a democratic solution to the country's problems ."

The ECC said it was particularly concerned about the new restrictions on campaigning for an end to compulsory military service and on reporting on the

actions of the security forces. "In addition to the restrictions placed on

the ECC by the Defense Act and the Public Safety Act, the emergency regulations previously prevented anyone from inciting opposition to conscription.

The new regulations go further by banning any statements that 'discredit or

undermine' compulsory military service and also place a blanket ban on any

reporting on any action by the SADF, SAP or any other security force.

"It must be stressed however, that these regulations are not tantamount to a

banning order on the ECC. The End Conscription Campaign is a legal organisation whose aim is to change the law with regard to military conscription. It

is not, and never has been, our aim to discredit or undermine military service,

but rather to call on the government to give young men freedom of choice as to

whether or not to serve in the SADF.

"While ECC is still seeking legal advice on these points, it appears to us at

the moment that in addition to still being permitted to call on the government

to change the law regarding military service, we are also still permitted to

call on the government to remove troops from the townships and from Namibia,

to call for religious objector status and alternative service to be extended

to people other than religious pacifists and to campaign against the cadet

system in schools.

"These new measures come in the wake of a severe crackdown on the campaign.

Over the last 10 days 27 ECC members have been detained under the emergency

101
regulations and 13 are still being held, in addition to three others detained

previously. In all, 75 ECC members have been detained since the emergency was

declared and 25 have been served with emergency restriction orders. Furthermore, last Thursday an ECC peace march from Rondebosch to Guguletu in Cape

Town was declared illegal and yesterday the ECC national conference and the

Cape Town cultural festival, which ECC helped organise, were also banned."

'Unbridled Assault' Shocks IFJ

MB121437 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1335 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Dec, SAPA—The International Federation of Journalists

[IFJ] was shocked at the "unbridled assault on press freedom," the president

of the IFJ, Mr Thami Mazwai, said in a statement released in Johannesburg

today.

"The government has succeeded in severing any link there was between the

country's black townships and white South Africa by declaring these fresh

and devastating press curbs," he said.

"The country will not know what is happening in black townships and the people

in the townships will not be left with the feeling they are on their own.

They will retreat into their own black laager.

"Any assault on press freedom will have disastrous results. For it is an

assault on freedom, an assault on the dignity of man.

"The country must now brace itself for a severely polarised community and

these are ominous signs for the future.

"The IFJ and all its affiliates throughout the world is shocked at this unbridled assault on press freedom and calls upon journalists in the country to

resist to the bitter end their right to tell it as it is."

Journalists' Groups Discuss Impact

MB121655 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1546 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Dec, SAPA—The new regulations had nothing to do with

a "revolutionary onslaught" but were aimed at preventing publicity of legitimate local organisations, newspaper lawyer, Mr David Dyson, told a public

meeting of the Association of Democratic Journalists [ADJ] in Johannesburg

today.

"We were told these regulations would deal with the onslaught but a close reading of (them) indicates that ... they are aimed at the publicity given to

legitimate local organisations," he said.

Other new features of the regulations included the inclusion into the security

forces of the township police, but in some areas the regulations were more

lenient than the emergency laws imposed in June, he said.

102
An ADJ steering committee official, Mr Sefako Nyaka, said the restrictions

were designed to blank out any coverage of "what is still going to happen."

He cited community figure Dr Fab [name indistinct] as an example. The lack

of visible response was a sign the public had accepted a "blanket of darkness

which is going to allow the government to do anything it wants," the Southern

African Society of Journalists [SASJ] president, Miss Pat Sidley, told the

gathering of media people. "If the public don't want to know then they

deserve the trash that they get in their newspapers," she said. There was

not much journalists could do to remedy the situation, she said.

They could leave the profession and fail to bring the public the right to know,

"they can do nothing, then history is to condemn them as having colluded ..."

or they could "continue to try and supply the public with information."

"Journalists, editors and the public should unite in a campaign to free the

press. They have to make their voices heard," she said.

A meeting of the ADJ in Durban today pledged to keep on record all events

blanked out by the new curbs imposed by the government. Secretary of the

organisation there, Mr Sipho Khumalo, said the ADJ called for cooperation and

new resolve among all working journalists and their organisations to maintain

high standards in the face of the blanking out of information and news in

critical areas of everyday life in South Africa.

The meeting was attended by 50 journalists and media academics from both the

ADJ and SASJ.

News Agencies Criticize Restrictions

MB121428 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1246 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Port Elizabeth, 12 Dec, SAPA—The government always accompanied its

inroads into press freedom with protestations they were temporary, but experience had shown they become the rule, three independent news agencies in the

Eastern Cape said today.

Spokesman Mr Franz Kruger for the East London based ELNEWS, the East Cape News

Agency (ECNA) in Port Elizabeth and Albany News Agency (ANA) in Grahamstown,

said journalists were not responsible for the country's crisis facing and its

problems would disappear when journalists were no longer victimized.

They were reacting, to deputy minister of information, Dr Stoffel van der

Merwe's statement that "the temporary suspension of democratic^freedoms was

necessary to preserve the future of democracy in South Africa."

The agencies said the government consistently accompanied its inroads into

press and other freedoms with protestations they were temporary "but our

experience is that what is called temporary rapidly becomes the rule."

For the public to be informed on vital issues was fundamental to democracy,

making Dr Van der Merwe's claims that "you cannot allow the freedoms of

democracy to be applied against it ... Orwellian double-speak and a cloak

for tyranny."

103
Journalist Predicts Ftrrther Curbs

MB131055 London BBC World Service in English 0709 GMT 13 Dec 86

[From the "24 Hours" program]

[Text] The South African Government is continuing its offensive against groups

opposed to apartheid. The most recent moves in Johannesburg follow a broadcast

by President Botha in which he announced that his government has taken action

to prevent a campaign of revolutionary violence, planned, he said, by the

African National Congress and the South African Communist Party in the run up

to Christmas. An unspecified number of people have been detained. This threat

of violence, the president said, was behind the drastic new censorship laws

imposed on Thursday. Peter Lewis called the journalist Allister Sparks in

Johannesburg and asked him if the president's explanation was likely to be

accepted.

[Begin recording] [Sparks] I have no doubt that this will be accepted by the

bulk of the white community. Of course, in the black community it's another

story altogether. I don't think that there will be much credibility for the

statement there.

[Lewis] Do you expect a reaction to the arrests?

[Sparks] There is little information yet about the arrests because of course

the press censorship regulations are already in force, and the newspapers here

are severely restricted in what they publish today so we don't have much news

at this point about the arrests.

[Lewis] The president has talked about evidence of an ANC plot. Has anything

more come out about that?

[Sparks] No, not really. I think there is a realization on the part of the

more thoughtful people that this is really a rather contrived statement. When

we declared a state of emergency last June, we had precisely the same thing

happen. The president went on national television and announced that a new

ANC plot had been uncovered, that secret documents have been found. Now he

has done the same thing, it seems to be becoming a bit of a ritual. It is a

way of legitimizing, justifying the action taken.

[Lewis] Can any comfort be taken from the fact that he is talking about this

violence planned for the period leading up to the Christmas holidays? Perhaps

the restrictions on the press are only going to be temporary?

[Sparks] I would be very surprised if they were ended soon. It would actually

be a violation of the law if I suggested that the state of emergency wasn't

going to end. I am not allowed to say that, but I can say that I would be

very surprised if it ended soon.

[Lewis] Are you allowed to say whether you regard the events of the last week

as an important watershed in South Africa's development?

104
[Sparks] Yes, I can say that, and I do think that this is a very serious

development indeed. I think it is very likely that we are going to have more

restrictive action taken. I think that South Africa really is moving into

its laager now.

[Lewis] Well, we've heard reaction from [word indistinct] newspapers quoted

over here in our press against the censorship regulations. Is there anything

more they can do? Are they now just accepting that they have to operate

within this new structure?

[Sparks] Well, they are protesting. You are allowed to protest, but I don't

think that anybody is in a position to violate the regulations. The penalties

are severe, and I would doubt whether really newspapers are going to step out

and flout them. I don't think that that is the mood of the South African

press at the moment. I don't think you've got the kind of newspapers here

that are willing to take that kind of risk and suffer that kind of penalty,

[end recording]

ARGUS Denies Part in Restrictions

MB121435 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1400 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Cape Town, 12 Dec, SAPA—Under a headline "Dangers of Sweeping South

Africa's Problems Under the Carpet," the Cape Town afternoon newspaper, THE

ARGUS, said in an editorial that the fallacious rubbish being put about—by

among others THE HERALD in Zimbabwe—that newspapers were party to the new

press censorship must be put to rest.

"These draconian restrictions are not of our making, nor to our liking. And

we believe they will not, as the government seems to think, help resolve the

country's crisis. They will only deprive South Africans of information on

matters of critical importance and, simultaneously, move the country into a

league of despotic nations where open debate on such matters is restricted to

officially sanctioned news—and rumour.

"They will also vastly complicate the press's role in attempting to keep the

public properly informed on the diverse views and happenings in a divided

society.

"The regulations are worse than we feared. Not only do the security forces

operate behind a wall of censorship but there is a ban on reporting boycotts

of any kind, work stayaways and illegal strikes. They simply become unmentionables.

"What is the point of sweeping such matters under the national carpet and out

of view?

"Is it a self-defeating illusion.

105
"As chairman of the Media Council, Mr Justice L. de V. van Winsen, pointed out

yesterday it is the task of the media to keep the public reliably and timeously

informed on all aspects of the situation to the best of their ability. Ignorance serves only to make the public more vulnerable to threats to their

security.

"The government view that it is acting to preserve press freedom from exploitation by revolutionaries is arrogant gobbledegook. In fact it has done quite

the reverse in nobbling that freedom and has made the media's traditional

tasks immeasurably more difficult.

"One critical safety valve remains—parliamentary debates are still privileged.

The role of the opposition, through the media, in focusing public attention on

issues in these new no-go areas of public life will be of huge importance for

as long as these gross impositions remain," THE ARGUS said.

WEEKLY MAIL Carries Officials' Numbers

MB121018 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1004 GMT 12 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 12 Dec, SAPA—The front page of today's WEEKLY MAIL—its

first edition under the latest press curbs—carried in red letters the telephone numbers of 12 cabinet ministers, the Bureau for Information, the

National Intelligence chief and the secretary of the State Security Council.

In the red box under the heading "The Emergency Made Simple," it says:

"Should you intend discussing any of the following topics: security, boycotts,

the treatment of detainees, peoples courts, street committees, simply phone

these numbers to ask for permission."

The other item on the front page was a report on the United Democratic Front's

announcement that it would challenge the new restrictions in a supreme court

action.

The second page of the independent weekly carried a notice saying that the

programme of "Arts Festival 86"—due to have run in Cape Town—had been booked

for the page.

"Unfortunately the festival was banned on Thursday afternoon.

"The organisers regret that they cannot provide any details."

The UDF statement on the court action was issued to some newspapers and

through SAPA yesterday.

SAPA also requested Liaison Centre [IDPLC] on the report.

The IDPLC refused permission and within 90 minutes from the first report, SAPA

informed its subscribers of the refusal.

106
In the meantime, ASSOCIATED PRESS had issued the report and "it was used by

foreign radio stations and press," bureau chief, Andrew Torchia, said.

BUSINESS DAY's acting editor, Tony Koenderman said they had taken legal advice

on the UDF report and it was not found to contravene the regulations. They

incorporated part of it in the main report appearing in today's edition.

"What disturbs me is that there are low-level functionaries manning the 24 hour

(IDPLC) service and not high level lawyers. Anything submitted to them which

includes criticism of the government will be rejected," he said.

/7358

CSO: 3400/599

107
SOUTH AFRICA

INDIAN COMPANY QUITS CENTRAL BUSINESS GROUP

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Nov 86 p 6

[Article by Shirley Woodgate]

[Text] A leading Indian-controlled

company has resigned from the

Central Business District Association (CBDA) at a time when

it was hoping to recruit more

black members.

Mr Ebrahim Kharsany, managing director of Corporate

Property Management and secretary of the Save Pageview Association, questioned the

CBDA's claims that it was instrumental in having the CBD

opened to trading by all races,

the CBDA's adoption of the local

option to abolish the Group

Areas Act, and its acceptance of

only the city centre as the limit

for mixed trading.

"Real change was brought

about not by the CBDA, but by

people who physically moved in

and risked police harassment

and suffered the white rightwing backlash," Mr Kharsany

said.

"The CBD was 'mixed' long

before it was officially opened

in February this year, with

black traders operating (via the

nominee system) for a number

of years. After it was thrown

open very few black businessmen moved in."

Mr Kharsany said the CBDA's

role in achieving mixed trading

was limited to "getting a few

permits and having some restaurants opened". He rejected

its claims to represent the views

of black businessmen as its

black membership was limited

to less than five.

Mr Nigel Mandy, CBDA

chairman, said he regretted Mr

Kharsany's resignation but disputed his allegations that the

CBDA had been ineffectual in

opening up the CBD.

"The CBDA is a totally nonracial body and one of the main

agents in getting mixed trading."

Mr Mandy agreed that the

disadvantaged people who took

risks by moving into white areas

had helped to open the CBD, but

said the role of the CBDA could

not be underestimated.

CRUCIAL ROLE

"Admittedly we got only a

few permits for blacks, but

thereby set important precedents. My organisation has

played a crucial role in getting

consensus from various bodies

to change outmoded laws."

Mr Mandy said the CBD had

been defined as only the central

areas, but the CBDA had not hesitated to look at adjoining

areas. He rejected the allegation

that the CBDA had not protested

at the removal of Pageview.

"We spent half our annual budget having a professional report

drawn up for the State President and the President's Council.

"We are now working towards

having the central areas desegregated for residential purposes."

/9274

CSO: 3400/567 108
SOUTH AFRICA

PUTCO ANNOUNCES DURBAN SOUTH OPERATION CLOSURE

MB050850 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0832 GMT 5 Dec 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 5 Dec (SAPA)--PUTCO is to close its Durban South

operation as a result of labour problems and intimidation, the bus company

said today.

"PUTCO has decided to close its Durban South operation as a result of the

labour problems and intimidation which its staff has been experiencing,"

a PUTCO statement said»

PUTCO would try to alleviate the situation wherever possible by transfer,

early retirements and "any other means open to it," the statement said.

Discussions on retrenchment will take place between management and worker

representative bodies.

"PUTCO regrets the implications for staff and passengers brought about

by the actions of others." PUTCO was concerned for the safety of employees.

"The company has held meetings with black councillors and the police, and

it is not convinced that the safety of its employees is adequate," the

statement said.

On Friday, 24 October, most drivers carried passengers without collecting

fares, an action which cost the company approximately R120,000, the

statement, from Mr A. Milanese, PUTCO operations executive, Natal, said.

As a result of this, the company carried out its normal disciplinary

procedure, which resulted in the dismissal of approximately 260 bus drivers.

A number of the remaining drivers continued to drive the'buses, assisted

by inspectors and supervisors.

This continued until the morning of 20 November, when a company driver,

Mr Perttfoprd Shezi, was shot dead in Umlazi. "At this stage drivers

were afraid to operate, fearing reprisal action from the drivers who had

been discharged."

109
Staff were made aware at a meeting "of the necessity of a bus service for

the communities which they served." As a result, the staff continued

to operate.

On 22 November, a driver was pulled from his cab at gunpoint and threatened

that if he continued driving the next day, he would be killed.

PUTCO then suspended its Durban South operation.

/9604

CSO: 3400/557

110
SOUTH AFRICA

CAPE TOWN HARBOR REELS UNDER RECESSION, FALL IN WORLD TRADE

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in English 21 Nov 86 pp 84, 85

[Text]

Cape Town harbour, suffering from the dual

effects of the local recession and the fall in

world trade, is barely keeping its head above

water. The fact that it is managing to do so is

mainly a result of the marketing campaign

started a year ago.

Since then, the only significant new traffic

is export coal, and Port Director Willem

Louw says grimly: "This is about the only

thing keeping us alive."

Reductions in rail tariffs and harbour

charges, based on high volume, were the

incentive for coal's new route, and, since the

first vessel docked on January 3, exports

have totalled 330 000 t. The figure has

picked up dramatically in recent months and

more ships are expected, no doubt helped by

the scramble for shipments before the sanctions noose tightens.

As far as break-cargo is concerned, Cape

Town stevedores face a bleak 1987 — handling fell from 2,4 Mt in 1984 to 1,25 Mt in

1985 and 1986. And next year's total is

^projected at 0,9 Mt.

Volume tariff reductions have now spread

to coastal container freight. This, according

to Louw, is aimed at retaining traffic which

was being threatened by fierce competition

from private road hauliers. The response has

been good — 7 155 containers a year are

covered by the contract. Some 4 450 were in

danger of being lost to the hauliers.

Another new. move is to offer the mothballed grain elevator for common usage storage, perhaps for grain imports.

And there's a trickle of business in other

areas, mainly because of the reduction in

contract dry dock costs and the cheap rand.

This has resulted in an increase in refits and

refurbishment, especially for trawlers, and

there's been some headway in finding new

customers.

Even in the event of a sustained economic

improvement, Cape Town's distance from

the Reefis a crippling disadvantage.

But, although Sats must be as concerned

as anyone about using spare capacity, tariff

adjustments are considered on specific

freight only if it reckons there's enough volume.

This stalemate will be one of the key areas

of investigation by Wesplan, the ambitious

economic growth scheme sponsored by the

business and public sector-backed association, Wesgro launched late last month.

If this initiative fails, Louw sees the only

positive sign on the local horizon as the spinoff from the Mossel Bay project.

/9274

CSOJ 3400/567

111
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

STRENGTHENING OF TIES WITH EEC PLEDGED—The new South African ambassador

to the EEC, Prof Bhadra Ronchod, says investment in South Africa is still

a key factor in effecting orderly change in the country. Speaking in

Durban before leaving for Brussels, Prof Ranchod said that while he

acknowledged that apartheid was morally wrong, he would do all he could

to strengthen economic ties between the EEC countries and South Africa.

He said over the years, European and British cooperations with subsidiaries

and affiliates in South Africa had become a force for change. Their

activities had made an impact far beyond the book value of their investments here. Prof Ranchod said he would be the first to admit that there

were still many problems in the country but he had to concede that there

was a capacity among South Africans of divergent political views to

reconcile their differences. He said there had been more progress

recently towards the creation of a just social order than in all the

preceeding years. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English

0500 GMT 8 Dec 86] /9604

U.S. ENGINEERING FIRM SELLS—-An independent European trust has bought all

of the American company Fluor's assets in South Africa. The international

engineering and construction firm is the latest American based corporation

to pull out of the country. Fluor has not revealed the name of the trust

but says local management will continue to run the South Africa company

and the work force will not be affected. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio

in English 0700 GMT 6 Dec 86] /9604

HONEYWELL TO TRANSFER AFFILIATE—-Johannesburg, 4 Dec (SAPA)—Honeywell

has joined the growing disinvestment brigade. It says agreement has been

reached with Murray & Roberts to transfer ownership of the South African

affiliate to Westinghouse Bellambie now trading as M & R technologies.

The terms of the agreement have not been disclosed. Honeywell sells

and services control systems for industrial and commercial-building customers,

It is expected that all of the affiliates 175 employees will transfer to

Murray & Roberts. "Our main objective during these negotiations has been

to secure ongoing support for Honeywell customers from a major South

African industrial group, while at the same time protecting the interests

of our employees," says Markos Tambakeras, local managing director of the

Honeywell affiliate. "We believe the transaction with Murray & Roberts

112
will accomplish both objectives." Honeywell says it will continue its

support of community development activities in South Africa and continue

to "further educational opportunities for non-whites in their own country

as well as in the United States." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

1424 GMT 4 Dec 86] /9604

REVLON PLANS DIVESTITURE—The American beauty products company, Revlon,

has announced that it will be selling its operations in South Africa.

It says it is leaving for economic and political reasons. Revlon operates

a manufacturing plant in Johannesburg, where it employs about 300 people.

Annual sales in South Africa total less than 50 million rand. Revlon's

decision coincides with an announcement by the American civil rights

group, Operation Push, that it would step up its boycott of Revlon

cosmetics because of the company's South African holdings. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 5 Dec 86] /9604

CSO: 3400/557

113
SOUTH AFRICA

BUILDING INDUSTRY URGES GOVERNMENT TO SPEED UP REFORM

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Oct 86 p 16

[Article by Frank Jeans]

[Text] u. , The key point to emerge from this

year's congress of the Building In- , dustries Federation in Pretoria ;

was the industry's determination

to get the reform process speeded

up.

Delegates were unanimous that

only a socio-political advance can i

be the remedy for the country's

economic ills generally and the

troubled building industry in particular which, without doubt, is

facing still further company

crashes and rising unemployment

figures.

While Bifsa's outgoing president, Mr Bob Zylstra reaffirmed

the federation's stance in "avoiding political matters", there was

no question that he got his personal message across that it was time

for direct talking to Government

to help an industry on the verge of

wrack and ruin.

Adding weight to the rank-andfile consensus on this issue was

vice president, Mr Neil Fräser,

whose speech on the country's

massive housing problem, provided the spark for fiery exchanges in

which the Government was the

main target for the loss of pace on

the road to reform.

The fact, too, that Bifsa, as Mr

Fräser pointed out, is never consulted in policy-making decisions

on housing, did little to ease consciences and certainly his candour,

even to the extent of laying some

of the blame for this at the Bifsa

/12828

CSO: 3400/592

door itself and to stop "pussyfooting around and agree on a policy

of active support and assistance".

It was on the housing issue,

though, that he drew support.

Mr Ian McAlpine of the Witwatersrand Master Builders Association, calling for immediate

action from the Government to

talk with the private sector, said: :

"The arrogance and apathy of the

Government has resulted in a

complete lack of business confi- ' dence and any efforts so far to

stimulate the economy have been

a dismal failure.

"I urge congress to deal with

this situation now. The Government has to be told in no uncertain terms that it must speak to

black leaders without preconditions."

Endorsing this view, Mr Derek

Meyer, also of Wits MBA, said:"We

can get the houses built but only if

there is some headway on the economic front and the fact that there

is still virtually little progress towards a political settlement,

leaves me with only one conclusion — the Government has lost

the ability to govern.

Economic morass

"The Government must get off

its butt, not only on the question of

housing but in every other way to

get us out of this economic morass."

Bifsa's executive director, Mr

Lou Davis, said: "If we hope to tell

the Government to get on with it,

we can forget it. It's a dead duck.

"The industry, itself, has to bite

the bullet and come to grips with

the twin problems in the housing

sector — cash and land availability."

114

On other matters, too, the Government came in for some hefty

criticism and State Tender Board

chairman, Mr SF van Zyl was kept

busy parrying questions on "outdated tendering procedures" in

public sector work.

"These antiquated methods are

costing the industry millions of

rands a year, much of which is

wasted," said Bifsa past president,

Mr Bernard Moyle.

The outcome was an agreement

to thräsh out mutual problems at a

meeting of Bifsa executive and the

State Tender Board.

And the question of a business

community shackled by a "mass

of regulation" which severely affects the small business sector,

came from the chairman of the

Committee for Economic Affairs

of the President's Council, Dr FP

Jacobsz.

"While certain regulations are

necessary to protect workers, consumers and the general public, the

right balance must be sought between liberty and licence," he

said.

Emphasising the Government's

commitment to reducing unnecessary constraints on the creation of

jobs and wealth, Dr Jacobsz said

South Africa can learn much about

deregulation from Britain and

America where considerable

progress has been made in

streamlining their economies.

Urging, at the same time, a systematic and organised approach to

deregulation, Dr Jacobsz, said: "I

believe we have begun with the

administrative revolution and the

basic elements required have been

created."

While congress members applaud the Bifsa initiative and

straight talking to Government, it

might also be said that the dissenting voice of organised building is

just one of many the authorities

must listen to these days of political and economic uncertainty.
SOUTH AFRICA

MOSSEL BAY GAS PROJECT SITE REVEALED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct 86 p 10

[Text]

MOSSEL BAY. —

The site chosen for the

multi-million rand

Mossel Bay gas project ;

announced earlier this

year by the State President, Mr P-W Botha, is

14 km west of the town

along the N2 highway,

the Director-General

of Mineral and Energy

Affairs, Dr Louw Alberts, said last night.

Speaking at an information meeting arranged

in the town to give further

details of the project, he

said the Minister had approved acquisition of the

area, near the Bartelsfontein railway siding and

that the purchase of the

•ground had been negotiated with the respective

owners at a price regarded as reasonable for

such coastal property.

The site was big enough

to double the size of the

intended refinery if this

should become necessary

in the future.

Dr Alberts gave details

. of how the site had been

selected with due consid-

' eration to environmental

and other impacts the development would have.

The environmental impact had been studied

once again and the conclusion reached the site

/12828

CSO: 3400/593

was acceptable from this

point of view.

"From an agricultural

point of view, the ground

is not very productive,

and it is not near or in direct sight of any residential area.

It was also well situated

with regard to electricity,

road and rail services and

other infrastructure, and

was in an ideal position

for the connection of the

gas pipeline from the platform to be built at sea.

Further intensive and

comprehensive investigations and surveys would

be undertaken in the

coming months to gather

further information

needed.

Dr Alberts said it was

foreseen inconvenience to

the public during this initial stage of the gas project, or the subsequent

ones, would be minimal.

Any complaints or enquiries should however be

taken up with the Central

Energy Fund.

He emphasised that the

government was not considering a postponement

of the project.

_ "As is the case with any

giant project of this kind

there are a wealth of factors —economic, financial and political — which

will affect its viability and

a comprehensive submission will have to be laid

before the Cabinet for a

final decision on implementation..

"This should happen

before the end of 1987,

but in the meantime, the

public will be kept in>*

formed as far as is possible of the results of the

continuing investigations

and planning," Dr Alberts said. — Sapa.

115
ISCOR PRODUCES BUMPER PROFITS

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Oct 86 p 85

[Text] fc&or }as produced a bumper

RI85 million profit this year —

pjjbbaWy the best in the corporation's history — and is to

pay out a dividend for the first

time in 14 years.

Although a profit was expected, its magnitude — R185,3 milriön for Iscor Limited and

R163,3 million after tax for the,

Iscor Group — will come as a

surprise to many.

For Iscor Limited, the major

Component of the Group, the

profit is about 250 percent

greater than its best performance in the last ten years

when it totalled R77,4-million in

»80.

Jt also totally dwarfs last

year's R8,9 million profit.

Without taking the diminishing value of the rand into consideration, this year's performance is arguably the best in

the corporation's history.

Details of the massive profit

Surge were spelt out by chairman's Mr Floors Kotzee in the

annual report, released today.

He said the profitability could

be attributed to an increase of

401000 tons in steel products

sales, higher income from iron

ore exports, higher steel export

earnings because of the low

value of the rand and greater

productivity and cost savings at

all centres and subsidiaries.

R9-m tax

The group paid R9 million in

tax, and Mr Kotzee said "... it

is therefore a pleasure to be in a

position to announce that the

Iscor Board has declared a 7,5

percent dividend on all classes

of issued shares.

"This dividend, which will

amount to some R65 million,

takes into account Iscor's dividend cover objective and is the

first .that Iscor has been able to

pay to the State since 1972," he

said.

But in spite of the massive

profit Mr Kotzee issued, a number of cautions in his report.

He warned that the negative

effects of sanctions on Iscor exports, and the Group's profitability, made the future payments of dividends uncertain.

Mr Kotzee said the oversupply of steel in the world market's continued, with demand increasing by only one percent in

1985. At the same time a number of developing industrial

countries had entered the market, aggravating the world-wide

problem of surplus capacity and

low prices.

The oversupply has led to a

number of countries imposing

trade restrictions, including im

port-export quotas, voluntary

restraint agreements and concealed subsidies.

He said domestic steel product sales had been affected by

the weakening of the economic

situation, and a three percent

. drop in local demand.

While certain measures announced by the authorities, and

import replacement, should

have a possitive affect on local

steel sales, a recovery in the

South African economic condition would largely depend on the

degree to which the internal political stability could be ensured

and business confidence regained.

/12828

CSO: 3400/592

116
SOUTH AFRICA

ESCOM COAL TECHNOLOGY BREAKTHROUGH DISCUSSED

Johannesburg FINANCIAL MAIL in

[Textl

South Africa has achieved world leadership

in energy technology involving the use of

low-grade coal. The development has massive implications for the economy and promises to extend the country's coal reserves

substantially, opening up hitherto uneconomic low-grade fields.

Escom's breakthrough, proved over the

past year at the Lethabo power station,

promises many benefits. It opens prospects

for technology sales abroad, while leaving

SA's already substantial reserves of highgrade coal free for sale in export markets and

for exploitation in the chemical industry.

Also, if the technology is sold elsewhere, it

could mean major exports of low-grade coal.

Escom senior GM Ian McRae says SA's

leadership was confirmed at the recent triennial World Energy Conference in Cannes,

which he attended with former Escom chairman Jan Smith.

Lethabo power station near Vereeniging

has been successfully burning low-grade coal

with an ash content as high as 40% for the

past year. Heat values from this fuel are as

low as 14 MJ/kg. Although this is well below

the world average of 24MJ/kg-25MJ/kg,

the energy is produced far more economically from what would otherwise have been

waste.

"I believe the success at Lethabo could

add anything up to 25% to SA's proven coal

reserves, because most of these low-grade

reserves were not included in the last reserve

assessments," says McRae.

But recently Escom has been busy with far

more than low-grade coal. For example, although the new dry-cooled stations are some

English 21 Nov 86 p 83

5% more costly than water-cooled stations,

they will lead to substantial water savings —

an important consideration in drought-prone

regions.

And Escom is also pursuing its nuclear

option. "We are looking for three more

coastal sites for eventual use as nuclear

power stations," says McRae. "While

nuclear stations are still far more expensive

than the coal-fired variety, coal is a diminishing resource. And it is strategically important to have a variety of power sources anyway."

At last week's official inauguration of the

Koeberg nuclear power station, Mineral and

Energy Affairs Minister Danie Steyn disclosed some impressive facts: between startup in August 1984 and September this year,

Koeberg used only 491 of fuel — the equivalent of nearly 8 Mt of coal. Against an

equivalent coal-fired station, it saved

31 620 Ml of water and did away with the

need to generate 2 Mt of ash waste and

pump 116 m

3

of gaseous effluent into the

atmosphere.

McRae says no new nuclear stations appear in Escom's current 10-year projections,

but SA "cannot afford not to proceed with its

nuclear development programme."

Reasons he puts forward:

D Existing investment in nuclear technology

and scientific expertise must be used and

expanded or they will be lost;

D The strategic need to develop alternative

generating capacity at the coast;

D Growing concern over air pollution and

environmental damage;

G The need to save scarce fresh-water resources by using sea water; and

D The need to reserve valuable high-grade

coal for chemical and fuel development.

But what about sanctions? McRae is not

overly concerned. Nuclear technology, he

reckons, will be available despite foreign

pressure.

/12828

CSO: 3400/593 117
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SATS RECOVERY DESCRIBED--South African Transport Services is well on the road

to recovery with a surplus of R150 million expected during the current

financial year. This will still leave Sats with an accumulated deficit of

about R450 million, but general manager Dr Bart Grove said yesterday that

all sectors were now performing strongly. Largely as a result of the increase

in domestic passenger figures, SAA is back in the black with a first half

surplus of R44 million, after a deficit of R37 million last year. Revenues

from pipelines and harbour tariffs also improved on last year's figures,

recording surplusses of R90 million and R173 million respectively, which

leaves the Railways as the only deficit activity. Nevertheless, the deficit

was reduced by more than R100 million to R206 million, and with further

rationalisation of passenger services, Dr Grove expects Railways to return

to a surplus within two to three years. Dr Grove declined to discuss whether

any Sats divisions would be considered for privatisation. [Text][Johannesburg

THE STAR in English 29 Oct 86 p 13]/12828

LIGNIN CONVERSION TO GLUE REPORTED--Waste being burned or dumped in the ocean

could save the country R35 million a year. The waste, a dirty-looking

black liquor called lignin produced at the rate of 50 000 tons a year by

the paper industry, will be turned into hot-set and cold-set glues,

replacing imported material costing R700 to R1000 a ton. The research was

done in Pretoria by the National Timber Research Institute of the CSIR

and the first new glues, using bagasse lignin from sugar cane, are expected

on the market next year. Afterwards lignin hot-set glues are expected to

be used in large quantities to make plywood and particle board. The CSIR

has had particular success over the years in converting noxious waste into

valuable material. Slag from Iscor blast furnaces has been used on a large

scale to create a new type of cement, waste timber was turned into gas to

drive engines and efforts are being made to use fly-ash from power stations

in engineering processes and to extract minerals. [Text][Johannesburg THE

STAR in English 24 Oct 86 p 7][Article by Jaap Boekkooi]/12828

SISHEN-SALDANHA RAILWAY TRAFFIC REPORTED--The controversial Sishen-Saldanha

railway line, which cost taxpayers R650 million, has entered a new period

of optimism and profitability, the South African Transprot Services (Sats)

has said in a new publication. The consolidation of this profitability

would depend largely on the ability of the North-Western Cape area to attract

new clients, Sats said. The 861 km railway line was designed to carry extra118
heavy bulk commodities and the heaviest train, four electric locomotives and

230 loaded ore wagons with a gross weight of 24600 tons, so that iron-ore

from Sishen could be exported through Saldanha Bay. The publication, SishenSaldanha, said the past few years had "seen dramatic growth in the transport

of other commodities, while Sishen iron-ore exports have increased to a

limited extent only". Lead, cooper and zinc concentrates, mined at Aggeneys,

were railed both inland and to Saldanha Bay. The first shipment of salt left

the harbour in June this year, while gypsum and felspar were also shipped

from Saldanha Bay. It said Saldanha Bay was the best natural harbour on

the coast of Africa and ships of 250000 tons were a common sight. The

largest-ever cargo of iron-ore 264311 tons, was loaded on the Usa Maru on

June 20 this year. [Text][Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Oct 86 p 12]

/12828

FIRST RSA-MADE SOLAR VEHICLE—South Africa's first solar powered car went on

public exhibition at Alberton yesterday. The Mayor of Alberton Mr Daan Theron,

cut the ribbon held in front of the vehicle and off it went driven by Mr

Martin Joubert (35) on its maiden journey to Venderbijlpark. The vehicle

had been tested by the Transvaal Provincial Administration and approval was

obtained to do yesterday's road test. The solar powered vehicle was a

project of the Vaal Triangle Technikon. It has solar panels which convert

solar energy into electrical energy', but at this stage only a small amount

of power per unit mass is produced. It has three wheels, a suspended chassis,

disc brakes and steers via the back wheel. The photo-voltic solar cells charge

a battery which serves as a reservoir for the electrical energy. Two electric

motors connected to the battery drive the front wheels of the car. Twelve

solar panels mounted on two adjustable frames are used. The mass of the

panels mounted on two adjustable frames are used. The mass of the panels

is about 80 kg and their total area is 5,4 square metres delivering a

maximum power of 432W. The vehicle has a maximum speed of 22,5 kilometres

an hour on a level road. [Text][Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct

86 p 111/12828

NEW FEDGAS SPECIALTY GAS FACILITY—Built at a cost of over Rl million, a

new Fedgas Speciality Gas facility the only one of its kind in South

Africa—was officially opened yesterday at Alrode by Dr F C Garbers, president

of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Fedgas, whose parent

companies Linde and messer Gresheim supplied the advanced technology used

at the facility, spotted a developing market in speciality gases around

nine years ago. "These gases require very high levels of purity and

extremely accurate blending" says Dr Derek Gill, head of the speciality gas

department," and are integral to optical fibre and semi-conductor manufacture".

They also play a large role in the process control functions in coal

gasification plants and oil refineries, while in medicine they are used in

anaesthesia and lung function testing. High purity gas are also involved

in pollution control, food packaging and other numerous applications. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 24 Oct 86 p 24]/12828

NEW STAINLESS STEEL COACH TRAIN—New stainless steel coach train sets for

Sats are being built by Dorbyl Transport Products with the help of a computeraided design (CAD) system from Shok Systems. Dorbyl has a contract to build

96 such coaches in the next two years, a task which would have been impossible

without the help of sophisticated machine tool equipment programmed via

CAD, according to Gary Steinmetz, industrial engineer at Dorbyl in charge

of the CAD facility. The Skok system is being used to produce NC drill

tapes direct from CAD, which are then used to drive a Trumpf plasma press.

119
Steinmetz says: "The advantages of this method are, firstly, that it provides

an enormous saving in time, as there are some 600 components, each needing

its own program; and, secondly, because the programming is not done on the

Trumpf itself, but at the CAD facility, the Trumpf need never stand idle

waiting to be programmed. "Furthermore, if there is a problem with a

program, it can be edited on CAD and corrected while the Trumpf runs another

program." Dorbyl chose the Arplan system from Skok, running on a Hewlett

Packard 9817 computer, with an overlay program which converts instructions

taken from a CAD drawing into machine language. Once the overlay program

has run, the tape is made at the CAD facility, where a numerical control

(NC) tape puncher is linked directly to the CAD system like any other

output device. "Some of our NC tapes are 70m long," says Steinmetz, "which

adds up to a lot of programming time if done manually." Once produced on

CAD, up to 10 major programs can be stored in the memory of the Trumpfs

computer, meaning that as much as a Week's work can be programmed in and run

virtually automatically. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 24 Oct

86 p 111/12828

NEW POWERFUL BATTERY DEVELOPED—Scientists at the Council for Scientific

and Industrial Research (CSIR) in Pretoria have made a breakthrough in

developing a new and cheaper vehicle battery. Extensive international patents

have already been secured. The battery has an energy density five times

greater than conventional leadacid batteries. The Anglo American group has

a first option to an exclusive licence to exploit the technology and patent

rights. The battery, dubbed the Zebra, is rechargeable and has performance

parameters significantly better than any other battery available. The

advanced battery has an energy density significantly greater than 400W/kg.

The unit will be widely used in electric-traction vehicles of all kinds and

will be cheaper in relation to the amount of energy stored. It will also

be used for load-levelling systems in power stations and for storing

electricity. Deputy CSIR president Brian Clarke said it would take about

five years before the battery became generally available. [Text][Johannesburg

BUSINESS DAY in English 24 Oct 86 p 8][Article, by Mick Collins]/12828

FIRST CALCIUM ACETATE PLANT--Protea Chemicals Services has commissioned

SA's only calcium acetate plant at Bethlehem in the Free State. MD Henk

Egberink said the plant would initially produce about 1300 tons of

calcium acetate a year and should be able to cater for the whole of the SA

market in its second year of operation. He said: "With the completion of

this project we will be locally manufacturing a product that was previously

imported. "it is estimated this möVe Will save the country in the region of

R5m a year in foreign exchange." Calcium acetate is one of the major

additives for bread-making. Egberink said: "Worth about R750m a year, bread

baking is an important part of the country's food industry and the additives

market alone is estimated to be worth R44m a year. "Calcium acetate has been

our company's most successful product and is regarded as the most effective

rope inhibitor—it prevents bread forming rope or strings." Egberink said

since bread was a low-cost industry, the Bethlehem factory was ideal for

production and distribution. The company is a division of Protea Chemicals

which recently announced its intention to seek a listing on the Johannesburg

Stock Exchange. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 31 Oct 86 p 4]

/12828

CSO: 3400/506 END

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