38035

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 SEPTEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 SEPTEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Increasing Alcohol Consumption Seen as Cause for Concern

(Vanna Beckman; DAGENS NYHETER, 15 Aug .86) 1

ANGOLA

Briefs

MOZAMBIQUE

Portuguese Air Force Officers Depart 5

PETROGAL Resumes Activity

Sabie-Nkomati River Project To Pave Way for Regional Development

(Naftal Donaldo; NOTICIAS, 8 Aug 86) &

Maputo Water Supply Discussed on Radio Program

(NOTICIAS, 8 Aug 86)

Maputo Banana Producers Form Association

(NOTICIAS, 31 Jul 86)

Boane Farmers Form Association; Land Distributed

(Naf tal Donaldo; NOTICIAS, 30 Jul 86) * *

Chizavane Revives Peanut Cultivation

(Bento Niquice; NOTICIAS, 31 Jul 86) • ^

Tomato Canning Factory To Be Rehabilitated

(NOTICIAS, 6 Aug 86) •

x

Increase in Production of Construction Materials in Sofala

(NOTICIAS, 1 Aug 86)

- a -
Higher Pedagogical Institute Opens

(NOTICIAS, 5 Aug 86) 23

Briefs

New Governor for Cabo Delgado 25

UM Has New Architecture School 25

Center for Islamic Community 25

New Labor Unions 26

Agreement Signed With Bulgarian Newspaper 26

More Changara Land for Agriculture 27

New Rice Growing Techniques 27

Nonaligned Solidarity 27

NAMIBIA

Herero Paramount Chief Calls for Independence

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 25 Aug 86) 28

SWAPO Issues Call for General Strike

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 25 Aug 86) 29

Meiring Says SWAPO Military 'Not Very Effective'

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 22 Aug 86) 30

Interim Government Anniversary Celebration Opposed

(Editorial; THE NAMIBIAN, 22 Aug 86) 32

Editorial Describes Municipal By-election as Farce

(THE NAMIBIAN, 22 Aug 86) 33

Mining Sector Experiences 'Alarming' Production Cut

(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 25 Aug 86) 34

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Briefs

Students to Cuba 35

SOMALIA

Hopes for Economic Growth, Oil Discoveries Reviewed

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

18 Jul 86). 36

ZAMBIA

Briefs

Somali Supports Liberation 38

- b -
ZIMBABWE

HERALD Calls Pik Botha Remarks 'Cheap Propaganda'

(SAPA, 28 Aug 86) 39

SOUTH- AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Salary Increases for Botha, Ministers

(THE STAR, 30 Aug 86) 40

Briefs

Plans for Lebowa Development Al

Power Over Private Schools Al

'Barrier of Blades* Exported 42

BLACKS

Buthelezi Criticizes Heunis on Council

(SAPA, 29 Aug 86).. 43

UDF Western Cape Secretary Discusses Emergency, Other Issues

(Trevor Manuel Interview; GRASSROOTS, Aug 86) 45

Mayor Pleads for Protection of Black Local Authorities

(THE STAR, 25 Aug 86).. .. '....' ••• 46

New Brighton Township Isolated by Barbed Wire Barricade

(Ken Vernon; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24Aug 86). 47

Police Presence in Black Township Schools Discourages Learning

(Various sources, 22, 24 Aug 86) • • 48

'Battle of Nerves' Described 48

Schools Abandoned, by Jon Qwelane 49

Parents Complain, by Jon Qwelane 50

Percy Qoboza Commentary 51

Unemployment, Health Problems in Botshabelo Described

(Jo-Anne Richards; THE STAR, 28 Aug 86) 52

Dihatswane Villagers Face Forced Removal

(Sol Morathi; CITY PRESS, 24 Aug 86) • • • • 54

Youth Organization Activity Told by 12-Year-Old Former Detainee

(Sarah Sussens; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Aug 86) 55

- c -
Briefs

Soweto Muslim Population Increases 56

Ethnic Breakdown of Urban Blacks 56

PAC Condemns Massacre 57

ECONOMIC

Relly Says Management Fails To Develop Black Skills

(SAFA, 29 Aug 86) 58

Business Attitudes Towards Sanctions, Reform Examined

(Stanley Uys; BUSINESS DAY, 26 Aug 86) 60

Nation's Investment in Third World Sector Urged

(David Carte;,SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Aug 86) 63

SATS-Owned Land To Be Opened for Commercial Development

(James Clarke; THE STAR, 25 Aug 86) 64

Area Immediately Available in Johannesburg 64

Potential To Transform City Centers 65

Observers Optimistic About Success of Central Business Districts

(Annabelle Gordon; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Aug 86) 68

Industry Urged To Increase Use of Minerals

(Stan Kennedy; THE STAR, 22 Aug 86). 70

Investors Familiarized With New Types of Gold Prospecting

(Dave Edwards; SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Aug 86) 72

Geological Survey Head Sheds Light on Massive Platinum Reserves

(THE'SUNDAY STAR, 24 Aug 86) 74

Economics Editor Explains Reserve Bank's Annual Report

(Gerald Prosalendis; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Aug 86) 76

Briefs

New Shipping Service to South America 79

UK Nationalization Report Denied 79

Citrus Exports Doubled 79

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Peace Movements Among Middle Classes

(Sara Martin; THE STAR, 23 Aug 86) 80

d -
White Parents Urged To Become Aware of Township Realities

(Jon Qwelane; THE STAR, 28 Aug 86) ; 81

Commentary Replies to Kassebaum on RSA 'Intransigence'

(Johannesburg International Service, 29 Aug 86) 82

PFP Withdraws Parliamentary Whip Cooperation

(SAPA, 28 Aug 86) 83

ECC Decries Tightening of Defense Act

(SAPA, 28 Aug 86) 85

SACC Claims Soweto Death Toll Higher Than Official Count

(THE STAR, 28 Aug 86) 86

Optimism for 'Grey' Areas Seen Among Estate Agents

(THE STAR, 23 Aug 86) 88

Potchefstroom Symposium Discusses SWAPO Ideology

(THE STAR, 22 Aug 86) 89

Potchefstroom Symposium: Split in ANC Unlikely

(Hannes de Wet; THE STAR, 22 Aug 86) , 90

Psychiatrist Describes Future Trauma for Former Detainees

(Thelma Tuch; BUSINESS DAY, 27 Aug 86) 91

Survey: Nation's Executives Hit Hard by Recession

(Michael Chester; THE STAR, 29 Aug 86) 92

Proposed Multiracial College Encounters Opposition

(Ann Palmer; SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Aug 86) 94

Business Gives Nod to 'Black Holidays'

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 28 Aug 86) 96

Insitute Head Predicts Housing Needs, Gives Figures

(THE STAR, 25 Aug 86) 97

Massive Boost for Welfare Housing Project for Whites Announced

(Kym Hamilton; THE STAR, 30 Aug 86) 98

Johannesburg Alert to Sowetan Housing Crisis

(THE STAR, 27 Äug 86) 99

Perm Has Housing Plan for Low-Income Families

(THE STAR, 27 Aug 86) 10°

Chamber of Mines Criticizes ILO Report on Mining Practices

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 26 Aug 86) 101

/6539

- e -
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

INCREASING ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION SEEN AS CAUSE FOR CONCERN

Stockholm DAGENS NYHETER in Swedish 15 Aug 86 p 15

[Article by Vanna Beckman]

[Text] Alcohol consumption is increasing in the Third World. The World Health

Organization sees this as a cause for concern. From 1975 to 1980, 46 countries

more than doubled their beer production and 42 of these were developing

countries. In Africa, large portions of state incomes are from the beer

industry, while alcohol consumption is having more and more serious consequences .

Right beside the homes in the farming village on the Tiverton Farm in central

Zimbabwe there is a beer hall. It is a much shorter distance for the workers

to go to the beer hall than to the only store. Both are owned by the white

landowner.

The young evangelist who has moved into town is furious. So far, he has

convinced the owner to close in the morning, but his goal is to close the

beer hall down altogether.

"There are many families in which the children suffer because the parents,

including the mother, go to the beer hall and drink up their wages instead

of providing food for the children. The children receive no care. They are

allowed to go around dirty and may burn themselves on a fire and no one.cares.

They often receive corn meal mixed with chibukü (African beer) in the evening

instead of a prepared meal.

Emma, who took us to her hometown of Tiverton from.Harare where she works

as a maid, agrees.. She does not drink. She believes it is terrible to see

how much degeneracy has resulted from the rising beer consumption in the

village. She is also concerned over her teenaged boys.

"Their friends are sent by their parents to the beer hall to buy chibuku in

plastic buckets. How easy it must be to take a few sips from the bucket on

the way home. How easy it is for them to form a habit and eventually a need!"
Municipal Beer

In Tiverton it is the white landowner who profits from the beer hall. In the

large, newly constructed section of } Harare called Chizungwiza it is the municipality. First the houses are planned, then the beer halls and schools.

The idea is that municipal incomes from the beer hall will be used for social

needs: soccer fields or other sporting facilities, playgrounds, organizations,

and others. At least in the beginning, however, there are only the beer halls.

In the older parts of town, there are usually only beer halls. I saw one

soccer field. It is called Chibuku Stadium, after the beer. It was probably

a gift from the brewery to help create a favorable image.

David and Justin and all the others stop by the beer hall on their way home

from work. More and more wives are forced to meet their husbands at the job

on payday to make sure at least some of his wages go to the family. But more

and more women are also going to the beer halls or bringing beer home.

The landowner profits, the municipality profits, and the state profits. Just

over 8 percent of the state income in Zimbabwe comes from the beer industry.

The figure is 15 percent in Zambia and Tanzania. This is much important money

for poor states that are not yet forced to pay the high cost of alcoholrelated healthcare and social care, which must be placed in the minum column

of national budgets in industrialized countries.

So far, it is the traditional medicine man and the large extended family that

must provide a safety net and care for those who fall into the alcohol trap.

Freedom To Drink

"Alcohol consumption here in Zambia increased enormously after the liberation,"

said Professor Alan Haworth, one of the few alcohol researchers in Africa.

"I believe it is just this type of 'post-independence drinking' that Zimbabwe

is experiencing right now. To many people, being free meant being able to

drink whatever, however, and whenever they wanted, after the restrictions of

the colonial period."

The English used alcohol quite deliberately in Rhodesia. Far into the fifties,

the Africans were prohibited from drinking European beer, except for a

privileged few who could buy it on license. Instead, the English built large

beer halls and started the industrial production of chibuku.

Gilbert Mondoloka of the copper mining town Kipwe has many memories from

colonial times. His father had a license and Gilbert himself was a member of

the Alcohol Council that existed in Zambia during the seventies. The council

attempted to deal with increasing consumption.

"You should.have seen the enormous beer halls built by the English. There was

room for several thousand people. There were only two entrances, so that it

was easy for the police to control all these people with the help of several

canisters of tear gas, in case of trouble."
But the beer halls disappeared after the liberation in 1963. Instead, smaller

taverns were built. They were considered much more pleasant than the large,

old beer halls, which must have been terrible. Today's taverns have crude

seats for crude drinkers: concrete benches and tables attached to the walls,

so they can be rinsed clean in the morning, a large toilet at the place of

honor in the yard, and walls or fences around the taverns.

Tanker Trucks

The chibuku is transported in tanker trucks from the breweries 7 days each

week. It keeps only a few days before turning sour. The taverns have large

3,000-liter tanks on the roof, from which the beer comes down into the large

2-liter plastic pitchers that the customers have filled at the bar.

Near the bar there is a hole in the wall. There the chibuku is purchased by

children and others who take it.home. There is a crowd of people on the street

with large plastic buckets. Several women sit in the back of a pickup truck

with 20-liter containers. They will resell the beer themselves several miles

out in the country.

Southern and eastern Africa have a tradition of drinking beer. The traditional

drink in western Africa is palm wine. But European beer is now flowing in

many of these countries, as well. In Nigeria there has been an enormous growth

in the brewing industry.

Ten years ago Nigeria had seven breweries. It now has 32.. Almost all the

provinces now have a brewery. Some have several. The provinces are often

part owners, but there are also powerful foreign interests such as Guinness,

Heineken, and the Danish firm Cerekem, as well as private Nigerian businessmen.

Beer is bulky and difficult to export. Consequently, the large international

companies invest in local production firms instead. They have considerable

investments in new markets in the Third World.

Demand Created

A new "demand" has been created for strong European beer. This demand has

far-reaching consequences for the country's trade balance. The raw material

malt, i.e. grain that has been malted,.cannot be produced in the tropical

climate of Nigeria. Instead, it is devouring a larger and larger share of

Nigeria's scarce foreign exchange. The government is now demanding that

producers gradually replace the foreign product with domestic raw materials,

primarily corn and sorghum. This transition should be 100-percent complete

by 1990.

But the brewing industry is a strong force in Nigerian business today. It is

often said to be the only well-functioning branch of industry in Nigeria,

where almost everything is standing still because of the drop in oil prices.

Thus, when the brewers say they may go as far as 50 percent domestic raw

materials, it is probable that the government will back down.

"Alcohol has always served social and religious functions in Nigeria," said

Dr Julius Makanjuola, "but the misuse we are beginning to see today is the

result of increased prosperity, the oil boom, and the expansion of breweries."
Nigeria already has the world's worst traffic death statistics. Violent crimes

and other types of criminal behavior are increasing dramatically. Liquor and

beer ads along the road alternate with small roadside drinking establishments

where customers can purchase a small glass of homemade ogugoro for practically

nothing.

9336

CSO: 3650/296
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

PORTUGUESE AIR FORCE OFFICERS DEPART—Twelve officers of the Portuguese Air

Force who were in Angola serving under FAPLA, returned to Portugal. Whether

they were deserters, or whether their contract with the Angolan Government

had expired, is not known. Diplomatic circles speculate that their departure

was due to the fact that MPLA forces have been suffering serious setbacks in

their encounters with UNITA. UNITA has begun to employ American Stinger

missiles which are able to down planes from a considerable distance. [Text]

[Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 14-21 Aug 86 p 24] /6091

PETROGAL RESUMES ACTIVITY—The Portuguese firm PETROGAL, denied participation in oil prospecting in Angola since 1984, has been given the authorization to resume operations in that country. PETROGAL has obtained rights in

the offshore area along the Zaire estuary. The resumption of activities has

turned out to be auspicious, since the consortium, which includes PETROGAL,

Elf-Aquitaine, Naftagfaz, INA and AGIP, discovered, in the latter part of

February, a new, significant deposit 23 km from the coast at a depth of 50 m,

at the area designated Block I. Minister of Energy and Petroleum Pedro

van-Dunem, announced recently in Lisbon that his government wants Portugal

to take a more active part in drilling and exploring for Angolan oil. He

pointed out that there were many offshore blocks in which PETROGAL could

operate under the same conditions as the other concessionaries. [Text]

[Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 14-21 Aug 86 p 18] /6091

CSO: 3442/305
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

SABIE-NKOMATI RIVER PROJECT TO PAVE WAY FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Naftal Donaldo: "Project Under Way on Sabie River"]

[Text] A source at the Office of the Secretary of State for Irrigation informed this newspaper Friday that financing is assured for the Sabie-Nkomati

project in the Moamba District in Maputo Province, which involves a total

estimated area of approximately 213,000 hectares. The agriculture-based

industries planned will create 24,000 jobs in the various socioeconomic areas

planned in the integrated project. Preliminary work will begin later this

year.

Earlier studies had shown the enormous agricultural and irrigation potential

of the Mozambican area along the Nkomati River, thanks to the geological

structure of the land, the availability of water, the proximity of markets and

export potential.

A brochure recently published by the Office of the Secretary of State for

Irrigation points out that the upper, middle and lower Nkomati had always been

considered the green belt of Maputo, where virtually the entire agricultural

potential of the province of the same name is concentrated.

Placing the amount of irrigated land and integrated projects in perspective in

the country's socioeconomic picture, our source asserted that the total area

of such improvements since independence is double that of similar projects

undertaken by the colonial government in Mozambique, as was confirmed during

the 15th Session of the People's Assembly.

However, the unpredictability of flooding on the Nkomati and Sabie rivers always prevented the development of irrigated fields, since it was not possible

to harness the region's irrigation potential. Earlier data on the Nkomati

Basin were not limited to utilizing the Corumana Dam Reservoir, but also

focused attention on the future Moamba-Major Dam, farther up the Sabie.

The document also states that the development of 30,000 irrigated hectares in

addition to the 213,000 potential hectares will only be socioeconomically

viable if it is also planned to (1) establish agricultural industries to increase profitability and (2) set up social infrastructures that would make

possible the settlement of about 95,000 people.
First-Phase Irrigation

In addition, the integrated project includes 50,293 irrigated hectares, 30,050

hectares for livestock and 32,500 hectares reserved for wildlife.

The general principles underlying hydraulic planning provide, among other

things, for irrigating 30,000 hectares with water from the Corumana Reservoir

to conserve the water resources of the Nkomati.

Various localized irrigation techniques are also planned: low-pressure sprinkling, gravity irrigation and sprinkling with water trucks.

Primary irrigation canals will be built, extending from 10 to 36.6 kilometers

from the Sabie and Nkomati rivers, including the area Where the two rivers

meet.

An agricultural survey estimates that there are 54 areas suitable for maize,

cereals, wheat, sunflowers, peanuts, soybeans, pineapples, vegetables,

tomatoes, citric fruit, manioc, clover, various experimental crops, alfalfa,

grasses, fodder and various subsistence crops.

The last integrated industries planned can only be set up following verification of availability of necessary raw materials from outside the project area,

since these industries would not be viable on a small scale.

Rural Industries

Until then, studies assume the setting up of a feed mill and plant, a packinghouse with refrigeration facilities, edible oil plants, a manioc processing

plant, a tomato plant, a fresh fruit and vegetable processing plant, a seedselection facility, a dairy and cheese plant, and a tin-can factory.

The industrial complex also includes a chalk plant, feedlots, hog farms, and

commercial fishing.

Pour industrial centers will be built in areas where economic development will

be concentrated« Conjane, Sabie Sul, and Incomanine Norte and Incomanine Sul.

In terms of population centers, 30 settlements are planned around the Sabie,

Incomanine and Conjane administrative centers. A labor force of two in each

family is estimated.

As a common denominator of the integrated project, it is claimed that it will

contribute positively to increasing the availability of food in the country to

meet the people's nutritional needs and improve their diet by adding more

animal and vegetable protein.

In addition, it is necessary to stress the importance of the fact that exports

would not only reflect favorably on the country's balance of payments, but

also in the area of new and productive international relations.

8844

CSO* 3442/291
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO WATER SUPPLY DISCUSSED ON RADIO PROGRAM

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Aug 86 p 8

[Text] Yesterday the radio program "Between Nine and Ten" once again excited

its listeners by criticizing officials responsible for the capital's water

supply. r

The administration of the water company and APIE's Technical Department were

subjected to the fire of criticism by the RM radio audience. And if a truth

known by everyone was made clear—that the water we are getting is insufficient—there was also an opportunity to learn that by the end of 1987, the

capital will finally have enough water.

Engineer Prederico Martins, manager of the Maputo Water Company, and Jose

Sebastiao Chuzane, of APIE's Technical Department, were interviewed on yesterday's program hosted by Joao de Sousa.

These officials began by answering questions posed earlier by 17 listeners

concerning the current water supply situation.

One of the main problems mentioned by Martins was that total daily water

production is currently 81,000 cubic meters, but only 70,000 cubic meters are

being distributed. Further, estimated demand is 110,000-120,000 cubic meters

per day, said Martins.

"At the moment, due to line breaks, residential leaks and poorly functioning

public drinking fountains, some 11,000 cubic meters of water are lost each

day," said Martins.

The manager of the Maputo Water Company stressed that the total population

served is 666,000, including those who have running water in their homes,

those who get their water from one or two faucets, and those who use public

drinking fountains or wells.

There are 65,000 customers and the charge for water is based on a usage scale

averaging between 100-600 meticals.

"The monthly water bill is less than 600 meticals for 93.2 percent of customers," said the water official, who then illustrated the various usage scales.
One of the questions most frequently asked by the public concerned the billing

procedure. Many listeners claimed that they had received bills that were too

high.

"Billing is based on direct meter readings, average consumption or a minimum

charge," said Martins.

According to Martins, 15,000 meters are broken, and this makes it very difficult, and sometimes it is difficult to gain access to the meters because they

are half buried, or because of organizational problems related to the commercial activity of some enterprises.

He further admitted that errors are made and said that anyone who believes

that he has received a wrong bill should report this to the company, which

will take measures to correct the error.

Sometimes There Is Water, But It Does Not Reach Residences

Another question raised concerned the fact that sometimes water arrives in

quantity at ground-level faucets at buildings, but not to the upper floors.

Jose Sebastiao Chuzane gave the following examplet

"There are cases that we know of where there aren't even any pumps to raise

the water. Others have pumps beyond repair. Whenever APIE is informed that a

pump has broken down, we take immediate steps to pick it up and deliver it to

the company responsible for that type of equipment. However, this is subject

to the well-known problem of shortages of spare parts and thus repair is not

always prompt or even possible."

As additional information, he said that the arrival of several new pumps and

accessories are expected shortly, and this will alleviate the problem.

Engineer Martins also spoke about action now in progress which will bring

about a final resolution of the capital's water supply problem.

First, completion of the Pequenos Libonibos Dam, which should take place in

early 1987, will ensure regular water supply to this pumping and treatment

plant.

At the same time, a study on obtaining subterranean water has already been

begun in northern Maputo and the water main system is being improved by

replacing pipe and valves.

The installation of new mains is also already under way.

"Completion of this work, which is planned by late 1987, will double the

supply capacity, which will then exceed 160,000 cubic meters per day."

The manager of the Maputo Water Company recommends maintaining a very thrifty

spirit both by repairing leaky faucets and broken pipe whenever possible and

by not damaging meters (never using the meter's safety valve).

8844

CSO: 3442/291 9
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

MAPUTO BANANA PRODUCERS FORM ASSOCIATION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 Jul 86 p 2

/Text/ A meeting of Maputo Province's banana producers and exporters was held

in the country's capital Friday afternoon at the offices of the Industrial Rice

Husking Consortium.

Attended by producers from all provincial districts, the meeting was heldfor

the purpose of forming the Association of Banana Producers and Exporters in

keeping with a decision reached during a previous meeting between private producers and officials of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Commerce .

According to information obtained by our correspondent from a member of the committee appointed to arrange for the formation of a regional association of banana producers and exporters, the main objective of the meeting was to learn the

opinion of the producers concerning their future organization as an aid in preparing its statutes and programs.

Meanwhile, similar meetings occurred in Manhica District and in the capital itself with the aim of preparing for the establishment of associations of private

farmers and breeders of slaughtering and milking cattle at the provincial level.

According to information given by the director of the milk and dairy-product enterprise at Saturday's meeting held at the office of the former Cooperant Association of Cattle Breeders in lower Maputo, a committee was appointed to draw up

the association's statutes and programs which will then be submitted to the Ministry of Agriculture for its approval.

The establishment of associations of private producers was decided at a meeting

held on 8 July between Maputo Province's producers and the Ministry of Agriculture; the meeting was also attended by Prakash Ratilal, deputy minister of commerce, and various officials from the Office of the Green Belt.

From what was said at the meeting, the formation of these associations is designed to help achieve greater and more efficient agricultural production and

to prevent agricultural products from being an easy and insidious source of

profit for dishonest individuals who sell those products to the public at exorbitant prices.

10
On the same occasion, Joao Ferreira, minister of agriculture, pointed out that

the formation of private producer associations at the Maputo provincial level

will make it possible for the state to provide greater support in the form of

production aids and equipment as well as transportation facilities to help the

flow of products directly to the market at reasonable prices.

Moreover, according to information disclosed at the meeting, the establishment

of private producer associations will enable their members to use existing infrastructures—namely, warehouses, cold-storage plants, stores and other qualified establishments to store and market their products.

It should be mentioned that, just within the past few days, there has been considerable effort in various parts of Maputo Province to form regional private

producer associations.

Last week the first farmer association was established in Namaacha District;

among other contributions, this will make the agricultural activity of the private sector more dynamic in that part of Maputo Province.

8568

CSO: 3442/288

11
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BOANE FAEMERS FORM ASSOCIATION; LAND DISTRIBUTED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Jul 86 p 8

/Article by Naftal Donaldo/

/Text/ Boane—Subdivision into smaller lots, land distribution and the acquisition of production means for farmers of the private, cooperant and family

sectors are the principal objectives of the agrarian policy being implemented

by party and government organizations in Boane District, according to recent

information obtained by our correspondent in that area. An authorized source

asserted Monday that the establishment last Saturday of the Association of Private Farmers of Boane is the helm guiding the influx of new land candidates

coming from Maputo with the aim of settling in the Boane area, one of Maputo

Province's outstanding examples of farming and cattleraising production.

Traditionally, Boane District has the reputation of being profitable in the

areas of crop raising and pasturage; its high degree of success achieved in

those two areas is due principally to three factors: the nature of the soil,

natural irrigation provided by the Umbeluzi River and climate, not to mention

other important characteristics. State and joint firms, cooperant organizations

and private and family producers are concentrating their efforts in what could

be considered a "boom" in the conversion of rural tracts into vast areas being

subjected to the plow or already planted.

To corroborate the performance of the district officials in implementing a dynamic methodology aimed at combating hunger, when our correspondent was speaking with the district director of agriculture, Armando Zefanias Machegane Cau,

secretary of the Committee for Party Economic Policy, enjoying a similar political status, left to meet with three candidates for land in Radio Marconi.

Questioned about the procedures followed in bringing that stage of events to a

successful conclusion, Armando Cau said that, about 6 months ago, the district

party and government had suggested that the private farmers form an association

in view of the influx of that type of producer, that the physical area of the

land being distri uted in the principal locality and in Radio Marconi be expanded and that a list of necessary production materiel be drawn up including

such items as tractors, motorized pumps, electric pumps, small wagons and a

number of yoke of oxen.

12
The proposals were directed to the appropriate organizations. However, before

any results were obtained, a meeting was held between the Ministry of Agriculture's central organizations and private farmers; the meeting took place in

Maputo in the middle of July.

Consensus Results in Formation of Association

According to the corroborated analysis of Armando Cau, a consensus indicating

the extreme viability of the plan was reached by the private farmers and this

was consistent with the land-distribution policy initiated by the district; as

a result, the association integrating the efforts of that type of producer was

formed on 19 July.

The association is presently headed by Xavier Muthemba with the assistance of

Paulino Manjate and Eusebio Chiandlalana; it has three centers: district headquarters, with 16 members; the central area, with 21 members; and Radio Marconi, with 9 farmers.

The central area belongs to the First Motorized Infantry Brigade and was granted

to the Ministry of Agriculture as a loan. This center contains one of the district's biggest private "giants," the Agricultural-Cattleraising Enterprise of

Boane, also a member of the association.

Speaking of paradoxical levels in the membership's ownership of production materiel, Armando Cau said that, "generally speaking, the latest group of farmers

admitted into the association possesses very little equipment of any kind and is

composed of citizens who are relying on the association to furnish them a tractor, motorized pump, electric pump, wagon, etc."

Figures given to our correspondent indicate a scarcity of tractors and motorized

pumps, essential in carrying out enterprises of this sort. However, steps are

being taken to obtain and distribute various pieces of production equipment

among the association's members.

Moreover, due to the scarcity or lack of agricultural equipment, the district

leaders offered the Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and the Union of Cooperants the suggestion that production equipment be distributed to Boane's three

most important coöperant associations: the 25 September and Campuane in the

district headquarters and the Josina Machel in Matola-Rio; this would be the

first step in the formation of a union.

No Friction

In this mission of converting the jungle into pasturage and sowing consumer

goods, the honesty and perseverance of the district brigades have not encountered friction of any kind between the private and family producers or any other

sectors.

In confirmation of the above, since the end of last year an area adjacent to the

3 February State Enterprise has been in the process of subdivision with the lots

being distributed to family producers, both residents of the district headquarters and relatives of production workers of that unit.

13
A total of 76 parcels have already been distributed among the peasants and studies are underway for subdividing additional land while awaiting the conclusion

of the machine work involved in making a clearing for the school; this project

is being carried out by Construtora Integral Sul.

8568

CSO: 3442/288

14
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

CHIZAVANE REVIVES PEANUT CULTIVATION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 Jul 86 p 8

/Article by Bento Niquice/

/Text/ Xai-Xai—Ever since the 1983-84 agricultural campaign a special program

for reviving peanut cultivation has been underway in the Chizavane area, in

Manjacaze District, Gaza, under the auspices of the Provincial Cashew Service

(SPC). The program is designed for family participation and is being conducted

in conjunction with other types of cultivation considered basic to the food requirements of that Gaza area. The plan calls for a resurgence of peanut cultivation as an aftermath of a partial extinction of that commodity during the

1982-83 drought which devastated vast productive areas of the crop in the province in question. The Chizavane Center for the Proliferation of Fruit Trees is

responsible for administering the program; part of that organization's strategy is to promote greater involvement on the part of the family unit by parceling

its collective farms and providing equipment and other production aids.

Since the initiation of this type of program in the 1983-84 agricultural campwign, four villages—namely, Mabuzane, Chizavane, Manguenhane and Nhachiene—

have taken over an area of about 340 hectares distributed among 277 peasants,

each occupying an area of 1 and 1/2 to 2 hectares.

To start the peanut cultivation program as part of the 1983-84 agricultural campaign, the Chizavane center distributed 20 bags of raw peanut seeds to the participating peasants. After the initial crop was harvested, the center proceeded

to the second stage: They purchased the seeds and distributed them to other

peasants for the following campaign.

According to Arlindo Mungoi, agricultural expert employed by the center, after

each crop is harvested, there is a sort of "marketing campaign" designed to get

rid of any surplus produced and guarantee enough seeds for subsequent campaigns

"inasmuch as the people do not always assume the responsibility for this important phase," he said.

With peanut seeding now underway in anticipation of the cool season, the center

is distriburing seventeen 100-kg bags of seeds among the peasants who, for various reasons, were unable to lay away enough seeds from the last peanut harvest.

15
The center itself has a number of collective farms for the proliferation of this

type of seed. About six hectares of peanuts are to be sown in one of the center's collective farms this year. The seeding will occur in two separate fields:

The first, combined with the cultivation of manioc, will cover an area of three

hectares; the other three hectares will be for peanuts only.

Good Results

Anyone who goes to Chizavane and takes the time to inspect some of the fields

cultivated by the people of that locality will find that his time has not been

wasted. He will be astonished at the verdure which meets the eye. Fields which

are well laid out and where human intelligence and devotion are plainly evident

extend as far as the eye can see. With meager funds and without the advantage of

a tractor or other sophisticated piece of machinery to clear the land, the peasants have shown that it is possible to throw off the mantle of hunger and engage

in the market at the same time.

A local peasant assured us that hunger no longer exists in Chizavane and that

the only thing lacking is a few staples not produced in that area.

In the midst of a partial abundance of manioc, various vegetables, sweet potatoes

and other dry-climate crops, a fundamental role is being played by the CFM which

has not spared any pains to support the family sector. "Although our tractor is

rather old and is constantly breaking down, we have tried to help the people benefit even in that connection," said Arlindo Mungoi.

Moreover, due to the positive results achieved by the center in supporting the

family sector, many of the neighboring villages have asked the center for help in

parceling their collective farms and providing technical assistance as well as a

number of production aids.

The center is now working with local political and administrative groups in an

effort to organize the people in peasant associations and thus make it easier to

provide the requested assistance.

In this way, and provided climatic conditions permit, within a few years the

Chizavane area will be able to impel Manjacaze District into recovering its top

position as Gaza Province's biggest peanut producer.

8568

CSO: 3442/288

16
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

TOMATO CANNING FACTORY TO BE REHABILITATED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Aug 86 p 2

,/~Text_7 Carlos Henriques disclosed the day before yesterday that

the tomato concentrate factory in Chilembene, in the province of Gaza,

which had been closed down since 1983, is going to go back on line

in the upcoming fruit and vegetable campaign. Henriques is the

executive director of LOMACO (LONRHO-Mozambique Agribusiness Company,

Ltd.), -which has been the owner of that tomato-processing unit since

this year. He went on to say that the main accessories for repairing

the factory will be acquired overseas in an amount calculated at

nearly $500,000, an amount that does not include payment for providing

services.

Meanwhile, rehabilitation work on the factory has already begun. This

includes a first phase of replacing some accessories that can be found

on the national market.

On the other hand, it is forecast that the work will be finished by

the end of this year. For such purpose, a foreign technician is to

arrive soon to undertake an inventory of the equipment that it will

be necessary to acquire to put the factory back in operation.

According to Henriques, preliminary work has included installing some

compressors and an automatic box which, up until that time, had

operated defectively. What led the factory to shut down was basically

lack of regular maintenance, whether technical or as a result of not

replacing parts. In this type of industrial plant, it is imperative

that some types of equipment be replaced annually. Another factor

that contributed to the factory*s shut-down was its low output.

Henriques noted that it operated about 100 days per year at the very

most. He went on to say that another factor that must not be neglected

in a canning and preserving factory is the urgent need to undertake a

thorough inspection of the machinery at least once a year. Henriques

said further that the shortage of personnel trained to run the

factory is acutely felt, because the corps of professionals who used

to work in the factory is now scattered.

Carlos Henriques states? "We don't just need operators for the

factory itself. We plan to have our own technicians to keep the

17
factory running. For that purpose, we shall take full advantage of

the arrival of foreign technicians to start training our own technicians.

The factory's administrative and management personnel must have a

minimum level of professional skills. A warehouse manager needs a

thorough knowledge of logistics and statistics, but at this moment, we

do not have anyone here with those characteristics.

According to Henriques, the factory's decline was aggravated by the

obsolete methods introduced by the workers as a stop-gap way of overcoming certain inadequacies and shortcomings of the machinery. Along

these lines, the conveyor belt used to select tomatoes needs repairing

since the automatic box was damaged due to misuse by former workers.

Where Will Tomatoes Come From?

The executive director of LOMACO said that nearly 19,000 tons of

tomatoes at least will be needed to keep the factory running steadily

about 150 days per year. According to Carlos Henriques, the most

important source will be the Chilembene agricultural unit which also

belongs to LOMACO, which at this moment has available 165 hectares of

different fruit and vegetable products, mostly tomatoes. According

to Henriques, the present growing season served as a trial run, since

it was a first test of developing fruits and vegetables on models

that will guarantee the unit's operation in processing tomatoes.

On the other hand, private and family producers in the Chilembene area

showed interest in making their surplus tomatoes available to the

tomato concentrate factory. They have been unable to market them in

the city of Maputo. By the same token, canning of other products can

be introduced. At this moment, the factory is being considered for

canning peas.

Carlos Henriques states: "The tomatoes that we produce in our

Chilembene unit allow us to view the factory's operation with a certain

optimism. At this moment, production of tomatoes and other fruit and

vegetable products has reached a very good volume, such that we have

signed a contract with Hortofruticola, according to the terms of which

we will supply fruits and vegetables to that company. On the other

hand, the interest shown by private and family producers in the

Chokwe region allows us to forecast a good future for the production

of canned goods."

As we discovered, when the tomato concentrate factory in Chilembene

goes back on line, it will be possible to make full use of those

tomatoes that cannot be marketed in the city of Maputo. In fact,

according to information from the executive director of LOMACO, large

quantities of tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables have rotted

in the warehouses and on the collective farms due to lack of transportation to market. At this moment, two trucks belonging to Hortofruticola

run to the city of Maputo daily to market nearly 20 tons of various

types of fruits and vegetables. Carlos Henriques considers this

18
number ridiculous given the great quantity of fruits and vegetables

produced by the Chilembene unit.

According to what Henriques said, up to the end of last year, between

5,000 and 6,000 tons of fruits and vegetables had been sold by the

Chilembene unit /_ garbled text_/.

This fact was reported by Carlos Henriques to stress the importance

that surrounds the rehabilitation of this factory, not only for the

Chilembene unit, but also, and especially, to stimulate and take

advantage of the tomatoes produced by the farmers of that region of

the province of Gaza.

9895

CSOs 3442/289

19
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

INCREASE IN PRODUCTION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN SOFALA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 1 Aug 86 p 8

//~Text_7 The do-it-yourself building programs in Sofala are expected

to experience a notable increase this year as a result of the everincreasing dynamism being registered in the sector of construction

materials production. Companies and cooperatives that produce these

materials have been getting satisfactory results in spite of the

problems of shortages in raw material, particularly cement.

Thanks to the support that the local administrative structures have

provided in both materials and manpower, the Buzi Brick Production

Cooperative is considered to be the most organized in Sofala province.

According to the provincial director of construction and waters,

Adelino Ribeiro, the district government of Buzi followed the co-op's

development and difficulties step by step through its production

process, which was not the case in other areas. A source in that

district, contacted by our newspaper, said that, at this moment,

first priority for brick production is to supply the public as an

incentive for do-it-yourself construction, especially in the building

of new communal villages to house people won back from the armed

bandits.

The Gorongosa Experiment

An experiment at the construction materials production cooperative

in Nhamussongoro, in the Gorongosa district, proves that it is

possible to get a substitute for cement made of lime and sand.

Adelino Ribeiro, as well as Inocencio Vembane, director of PROMACT

defend the experiment, alleging that, in fact, one can build a normal

dwelling using such a mixture in place of cement.

Meanwhile, in the Dondo district, a brick production cooperative is

being created, -while in Lamego, in the Nhamatanda district, even

though its operations have been interrupted twice, a brick production

co-op is at work at the present time.

Madel Starts Production Again

Madel, a company that specializes in manufacturing sheet metal used

in building prefabricated houses, will soon resume production after

20
a forced shut-down of almost three months resulting from a fire that

destroyed part of the factory. With production aimed mainly at local

supply, this unit's resumption of activity will increase production

of construction materials. At the same time, PROMAC, another company

involved in manufacturing construction material—doors, windows and

wallboard—is likewise in production and its products are mainly

destined for the local market.

Do-It-Yourself Construction Shows Growth

As a result of the growth in the production of construction materials,

encouraging indicators are forecast for this year in the sectors of

do-it-yourself building of dwellings and classrooms, infirmaries and

other economic and social infrastructures, in spite of the fact that

a shortage of cement has already halted some housing projects, as is

the case of Munhava-Matope, where only 52 of the 1,000 houses planned

have been finished.

While talking with Sofala's provincial director of construction and

water, our reporters discovered that, in the city of Beira and some

districts such as Nhamatanda, Buzi, Dondo and Gorongosa, the

construction of classrooms, infirmaries and residential neighborhoods

is being planned with the participation of common citizens and workers.

In the education sector, construction work has already begun in the

city of Beira on 71 classrooms in some primary schools. These classrooms, which should be in service by the next school year, will mean

increased capacity in these schools and will alleviate the shortage

of classroom space in teaching institutions, especially those at the

primary level. Classroom shortage is a major problem currently

facing the provincial capital.

The Buzi district, according to information obtained by our newspaper,

also plans to build classrooms in different areas, especially in

villages and communal neighborhoods.

On the health level, the example comes from the Nhamatanda district,

where the local population is to enlarge the rural hospital by

building more infirmaries» Likewise, several firms and public

organizations headquartered in the provincial capital of Sofala plan

to build day-care centers and kindergartens.

Concentrate Efforts on Housing

Although encouraging prospects are being noted in the building of

infrastructures in the fields of health and education, it is nevertheless in the housing sector where the efforts of firms involved in

construction are currently concentrating their efforts. In this

area, the first large-scale project is that of Munhava-Matope. This

undertaking, in which workers and their respective companies and the

21
Executive Council are directly involved, has as its objective to

transfer families who live in areas with marginal living conditions

to livable places. However, the cement shortage prevented this project

from being finished. Up to now, only 52 of the 1,000 houses planned

in the project have been completed. And, according to what our

reporters were able to learn, there is no immediate alternative on

the horizon for finishing this important.^undertaking.

Public organizations and companies, imbued with the spirit of creating

better living conditions for workers, are trying to create livable

neighborhoods. For example, in the neighborhood of the People's

Police of Mozambique, located in Matacuane, houses for personnel of

that public institution are under construction. PROMAC, a firm that

specializes in the manufacture of construction material, has already

finished some residences for its workers, according to its director,

Engineer Inocencio Vembane.

Adelino Ribeiro emphasized that finishing all these construction

projects will not only contribute to the improvement of social conditions for the people and workers, but will also produce a new dynamism

in the production of construction material as well as in the increase

in do-it-yourself construction, if we take into account the fact that

most of the material used is obtained locally.

9895

CSO: 3442/289

22
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

HIGHER PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE OPENS

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Aug 86 p 8

/Text/ Higher Pedagogical Institute is scheduled to open in Maputo today, being the first institution of its kind in the country. It has university status

and is devoted to the academic training of professors and educational specialists, among other priority tasks. There are also plans to start the school

year at Eduardo Mondlane University, according to information given by officials

of both institutions.

Higher Pedagogical Institute is initiating its first phase with three colleges

offering courses in pedagogy, psychology, history, geography, mathematics and

physics; the institute will have approximately 100 students.

The opening of Higher Pedagogical Institute, whose inauguration"is scheduled for

the near future, marks a new and decisive phase in the academic training of the

country's professors.

The establishment of this institution is in keeping with the principles of the

National Educational System Law with regard to the qualifying of teachers at

various teaching levels.

Founded at the end of 1985, Higher Pedagogical Institute's principal mission is

to train professors and educational specialists in the humanities, science, art,

pedagogy and school administration, develop educational research and support

other educational institutions, such as the primary, high-school and pre-university grades, as well as the training of teachers.

The start of classes today represents the culmination of organizational and preparatory work which has been underway since the first of the year and has involved various sectors of activity on the national level aimed at equipping and

outfitting the establishment with all necessary materiel.

One of the courses (pedagogy and psychology) involves workers from other sectors

of activity who are directly or Indirectly connected with the teaching field.

The other two are exclusively for professors and graduates of the 11th classes.

In accordance with its growth, Higher Pedagogical Institute, known as the ISP,

will establish new colleges each year. With regard to this year, three colleges

23
were established offering courses in the subjects previously enumerated; there

is one more, the college of languages, which will not have students until next

year.

Professor Aniceto dos Muchangos was appointed rector of this new institution of

learning in Mozambique.

Meanwhile, the new school year is scheduled to begin today at Eduardo Mondlane

University in all colleges except the college of education. Classes are starting at this time of the year in order to have the school year of the higher institutions of learning coincide with that of most of the institutions of similar

status in the region.

The minister of education decided through a recent dispatch that university

classes would begin in August; this was done to make our teaching system compatible with our present conditions of economic and social development and the

operating needs of other institutions in the area.

8568

CSO: 3442/288

24
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

NEW GOVERNOR FOR CABO DELGADO—Yesterday in Pemba, the minister in

the presidency for state administration, Colonel Jose Oscar Monteiro,

was in charge of a people's rally to transfer power from the outgoing

director of the province of Cabo Delgado, Army General Alberto Chipande,

to the province's new governor, Joao Baptista Cosme. On that occasion,

the minister of national defense presented a report concerning his

activities as leader of Cabo Delgado since 1983. The document

analyzes the province's current political, military, economic and

social situation. Addressing the crowd present at the meeting, Joao

Baptista Cosme stated that, as governor of Cabo Delgado, his main

task is to guarantee the success of the initiatives developed by the

outgoing leader. During the meeting, the committee and government

of the province, the Armed Forces of Mozambique and the Democratic

Masses Organizations presented messages of thanks to the outgoing

director and a welcome greeting to the new governor. The people

present at the rally also presented Alberto Chipande and Joao Baptista

Cosme with a number of gifts. £. Text_/ ^ Maputo NOTICIAS in

Portuguese 1 Aug 86 p !_/ 9895

UEM HAS NEW ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL—Yesterday it was confirmed that the

school of architecture of Eduardo Mondlane University is to be

inaugurated today in Maputo. This new school will start up with 28

students. Its creation is the result of cooperation between our

country and Italy. The dean of the school of architecture of the

University of Rome, Italy, arrived in Maputo yesterday by air to

attend the dedication ceremony. This is the first such school to

operate in our country since national independence was proclaimed.

Even during the colonial period, no school of architecture existed

in Mozambique. This project was to have been completed earlier, but

numerous difficulties prevented it from becoming operational until

now. </~Text_/ £ Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Aug 86 p 8_/ 9895

CENTER FOR ISLAMIC COMMUNITY—Preliminary work has been started in

Maputo on building a religious center for the Islamic community in

Mozambique. According to a source in the Islamic Council of

Mozambique, the center will be one of the largest of its type in

southern Africa, and for that reason will have a great impact within

the region's Islamic community. In order to build the future center,

25
jPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

nearly 200 families who live in the area targeted for building the

center will benefit from new plots of land for their new houses, a

project that is ready to be carried out by the department of

construction and urbanization. The center will be built in Machava.

The land was ceded by the executive council of the city of Maputo in

October of last year. According to the same source, bids will soon

be invited from companies in the field of civil construction. However,

as the source added, SOMEC, a Portuguese construction_comgany, has

already carried out the preliminary project. /_ Text_/ /Maputo

NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Aug 86 p 8_/ 9895

NEW LABOR UNIONS—There are still some new national labor unions to

be created in our country this year, specifically, the National

Workers Union of the Textile and Clothing, Leather and Shoes Sector,

the National Union of the Food and Drink Industry, and the National

Hotel Industry Union. Yesterday in Maputo, our reporters found out

from the preparatory central office of the sector's national conference

that preparations for creation this year of the National Workers Union

of the Textile and Clothing, Leather and Shoes Sector are currently

at a point that is considered satisfactory. Presently under way in

the provincial capitals are conferences to elect delegates to the

national conference, which is planned for the coming month of September

in the nation's capital. J The provincial conference delegates, in

addition to electing their representatives to the event, are also

discussing the themes that will be topics of debate during the future

constitutive conference of the national workers union for those areas

of the nation's economic activity, as well as analyzing the mechanisms

that will guide the operation of the soon-to-be-created organization.

Also, according to our source, a brigade from the preparatory central

office was recently in the provinces of Sofala and Manica, where it

worked with the local structures of the Mozambique Workers Organization

(OTM) and followed closely the development of preparatory activities

of the above-mentioned meeting of workers_in the country's textile

and clothing, leather and shoe sector. /_ Text_/ </ Maputo NOTICIAS

in Portuguese 6 Aug 86 p 1_/ 9895

AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH BULGARIAN NEWSPAPER—A cooperation agreement

between the newspapers NOTICIAS in our country and RABOYNITESKUDELO

in Bulgaria was signed late yesterday afternoon in Maputo as a result

of talks held between representatives of the two information organizations. This agreement foresees the exchange of written and photographic material for publication, as well as exchanging journalists.

In the area of technical-professional training, the two newspapers

pledged to furnish this training, whenever they deem it necessary or

appropriate, with practical apprenticeships in the respective

editorial offices. The agreement was signed by Mario Ferro, chief

editor of NOTICIAS, and Kolio Kolev, assistant chief editor of

RABOYNITESKUDELO, and is valid for a period of five years. Kolio

Kolev came to our country as a representative of Bulgarian journalists.

He is attending the second national ONJ conference which is currently

being held_in Maputo, and will remain here until next Saturday.

/_ Texty 2 Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 6 Aug 86 p 2_/ 9895

26
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

MORE CHANGARA LAND FOR AGRICULTURE—Peasants from Changara District in Tete

Province have cleared four more hectares of land for agricultural production.

According to information given by Radio Mozambique in Tete, acting in anticipation of the next agricultural campaign (1986-87), the people of that district

have promised to comply with the decision of the Fourth Congress of the Frelimo

Party—namely, that each family will farm two hectares of land. The same information source also said that a work plan has been devised by the district

director of agriculture whereby the production areas will be increased by the

time the next agricultural £ampaign arrives, provided the atmospheric conditions are favorable. /Text/ /Ma

P

uto NOTICIAS in Portuguese 31 Jul 86 p 8/

8568

NEW RICE GROWING TECHNIQUES—The implementation of new techniques in rice production is yielding positive results this year in the vicinity of Beira, according to information given to NOTICIAS by experts associated with the Rural Expansion Program. According to those experts, the positive results are due not only

to the innovation of using fields experimentally in the cultivation of rice but

also to the practice of transplanting the grain in the family sector. Therefore, the peasants are ceasing to use traditional methods of cultivation and are

following the new techniques, since practical experience has shown them that the

new techniques are more profitable. Most of the growers in Beira's green belt

have sown a new type of seed, the C4-63, whose vegetative cycle is relatively

shorter and whose production yield is greater compared with that of the seeds

used heretofore. The agricultural campaign about to end will therefore produce

better results than previous campaigns. About 90 percent of the rice producers

are now using the transplanting method together with the establishment of plant

nurseries. Aside from instructing the peasants in better methods, the introduction of agricultural experiments in the family sector has involved other factors which have contributed to the hoped-for success of the current campaign.

Antonio Manuel Cossa, technical director of the Rice Experimental Station, advised that the first phase included five fields chosen among the peasants' collective farms. The experts thus aided the growers through the introduction of

new techniques, including the production of rice for seeding purposes. Through

this procedure the peasants do not need to interrupt their production to learn

the new techniques. While learning, they_maintain their normal production rate

without jeopardizing any future crops. /Text/ /Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

21 Jul 86 p 1/ 8568

NONALIGNED SOLIDARITY-^Joaquim Chissano, Mozambique's minister, has described

the holding of the eighth Nonaligned Movement Summit in Harare, Zimbabwe, as

a demonstration of solidarity toward the struggle waged in southern Africa

against South Africa's oppression, exploitation, expansionism, and militarism.

Speaking in an interview with AIM yesterday, Chiassano added that the eonrference will enable the movement's members to obtain a first hand understanding of the need and extent of support to the countries of the region,

thus leading to better mobilization of this support. The Mbzambican foreign

minister also said that when we speak of support, some of the movement's

member countries think that we only mean weapons and the training of army.

But the necessary support is more extensive than that. Joaquim is heading

the Mozambican delegation to the conference of the Nonaligned Movement

foreign ministers, who since Thursday have been preparing the agenda for the

summit which begins next Monday. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in

Portuguese 0400 GMT 30 Aug 86 MB] /9738

CSO: 3400/510

27 y
HERERO PARAMOUNT CHIEF CALLS FOR INDEPENDENCE

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 25 Aug 86 p 1

[ Text ] rr WAS the Herero nation who first took the leadincalling

for an independent Namibia, Herero paramount chief Kuaima Riruako said yesterday.

Speaking at the annual

Herero Day celebrations in

Okahandja, Chief Riruako

said Namibia's "other groups

had seen, listened, and understood what had been meant by

independence."

Although the Hereros had

chosen the path of peaceful

negotiation to achieve independence, they would

nevertheless welcome talks

with those who had chosen

other means to achieve that independence, he said.

At yesterday's colourful

ceremonies, about 4 000

Hereros in traditional dress

filed past the graves of two of

the most prominent Herero

leaders in modern history -

Chief Clemens Kapuuo and

Hosea Kutako.

Chief Kutako was the first

black Namibian to write to the

United Nations demanding an

end to South Africa's mandate

over Namibia.

Chief Riruako said the

Herero's had a responsibility to

their traditions to "pull up

their socks" and stand

together for peace.

He praised DTA chairman

Mr Dirk Mudge for his lasting

contribution to the search for

peace in the country.

Also speaking at the meeting, Mr Mudge said he was disappointed that another year

had passed without the country gaining independence.

t He also said Namibia's

present "no good" system of

government should be

changed.

In his speach Mr Mudge

referred to the AdministratorGeneral, Mr Louis Pienaar, as

the "father" of Namibia.

But like any father he should

remember his son wants to

leave home. "We cannot be

protected and nurtured

forever", he said.

Mr Pienaar, who was also a

guestspeaker reitterated South

Africa's position that the

presence of Cuban troops in

Angola remained the only

stumbling block in the way of

independence and that free

and fair elections could not be

held until the problem had

been removed through negotiation.

He said it was "not necessary" forSwapo to fight for independence. "We want it as

much as they do", he told a

packed audience.

He said there was a future

for Swapo in Namibia's politics "if they laid down their

arms!'

/13046

CSO: 3400/501

28
jPRS-S^-86-098

23 September 1986

"You have as much right as

blacks to be in Namibia,

Namibia is yonrs and is mine!'

A Swapo leader, Mr Mokganedi Tlhabehello, reiterated

Swapo's readiness to sign a

ceasefire with South Africa.

If South Africa refused, "it

should not expect anything else

from Swapo;' he said referring

to a continuation of the war.

He said that after 20 years of

fighting, South Africa had not

won the war, despite its use of

"big cannons and sophisticated machinery:'

South Africa had said so

many times that it had broken

Swapo's back but the movement always came back again.

Joint Foreign Affairs Secretary, Mr Nico Bessinger, urged

Swapo followersto sign the petition drawn up by the

/Ai//Gams conference calling

for the immediate implementation of Resolution 435.

Several hundred people

marched and sang through the

streets of Katutura on their

way home from the meeting.

NAMIBIA

SWAPO ISSUES CALL FOR GENERAL STRIKE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 25 Aug 86 p 1

[Text] NAMIBIANS should call a general strike if South

Africa continues to insist on Cuban linkage and

delaying Namibian independence, Swapo President

Sam Nujoma said yesterday in a message to a large

crowd gathered in Katutura to mark Namibia Day.

Swapo Acting President

Nathaniel Maxhuilili relayed

Mr Nujoma's message to the

meeting which was held to

mark the 20th anniversary

tomorrow of the Namibian

bush war.

Mr Nujoma's message said

Namibians should request

South Africa's President PW

Botha to see that the implementation of Resolution

435 became a reality.

If Mr Botha continued not

to listen to the request and insisted on linking aCuban withdrawal from Angola with

Namibian independence,

Namibians should strike.

Addressing a colourful

crowd of about 6 000 people,

Mr Maxhuilili himself said

there were those who believed

Swapo's aim was to kill people

and that it was a communist

organisation.

Swapo's sole aim was to

liberate Namibia, he said.

In a message to Namibian

whites, Mr Maxhuilili said;

"You should forget about stories that Swapo wants to kill

you and chase you out of the

country.

/13046

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29
MEIRING SAYS SWAPO MILITARY 'NOT VERY EFFECTIVE'

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 22 Aug 86 pp 1, 3

[ Text ] NAMIBIA'S bush war, which enters its 20th year on

TUesday, has seen a steady de-escalation in recent

years but still shows no sign of an early end.

While Swapo's overall

armed strength has been cut

from 16 000 in 1978 to 9 000

today, the security forces have

around 14 000 men in the

Operational Area and the

number of war incidents has

dropped considerably.

Due to the American and

South African insistence on a

Cuban withdrawal from Angola as a precondition to Namibian independence, and Angola's own guerrilla war, the resolution to the Angolan conflict

appears to be the key to ending

the Namibian war.

And Swapo's involvement in

the MPLA/Unita struggle

limits the manpower resources

available for the Namibian

war.

Local Swapo spokesmen

were not prepared to comment

on the war and the organisation's Lusaka office failed to

reply to an Advertiser telex request for a statement and

could not be contacted by telephone.

But Swapo has in the past

claimed significant progress in

the war, saying it kills 15 South

African soldiers daily.

The party has repeatedly

claimed to control large areas

inside Namibia and to have

permanent bases in the north.

No independent confirmation ofthese claims exists. The

South West Africa Territory

Force (SWATF) says Swapo

operates exclusively from bases

in Angola.

The war started in the sixties

with low intensity guerrilla

operations by black nationalists of Swapo against isolated targets.

Although incidents increased in the late seventies and

early eighties to a high point of

1 189 contacts and ambushes

in 1980-81, the war has remained low key.

It is mainly confined to the

north where more than 60% of

the Territory's population of

1,3 million resides in traditional communal areas.

Swapo attempts in the past

few yearsto penetrate the white

farming areas to the south have

failed.

Recently, according to the

SWATF, Swapo has beenlosing

men at a rate it cannot afford

and its ability to strike at

meaningful targets has been

significantly reduced.

The SWATF believes it is

winning the Namibian war on

two fronts - the military confrontation and the struggle for

the "hearts and minds" of the

people in the north from where

Swapo draws a large section of

its support.

According to the General

Officer Commanding the

SWATF, Major General Georg

Meiring, Swapo has lost

10 046 fighters since 1966 compared to losses by the security

forces of 599.

From 1981 to June this year,

861 civilians had been killed

mostly through (intimidation

acts such as murder and landmine explosions.)

Gen Meiring said the Peoples' Liberation Army of

Namibia (Plan) Swapo's military wing, "is not very effective

and is becoming less effective

as time goes on"

Plan fighters were not well

trained or disciplined and had

a tendency not to stand and

fight, but back off from an engagement.

By contrast the South African and Namibian troops were

well trained and well equipped.

He said that in 1978 Plan

had a potential 16 000 trained

"terrorists" but despite attempts at ongoing recruitment, this number had dwindled to less than 9 000.

"Swapo is losing manpower

at a tremendous rate and their

actions are not as many or intensive as before."

30
Gen Meiring said the number of incidents had dropped

by 33% in the first six months

of this year compared to the

same period last year.

About 2 900 of Swapo's

9 000 available fighters were

being deployed to help the Angolan army against Unita guerrillas and another 3 100 were

deployed to guard Swapo

headquarters and infrastructure in Angola.

He said one of the reasons

why Swapo was losing the war

was because an increasing

number of civilians were

providing the security forces

with intelligence.

The number of occasions on

which civilians gave information to the security forces had

risen from more than 60 to

more than 600 from 1983 to

1985.

There had been 500 such incidents in the first six months

of this year.

Gen Meiring said the attitude of the local population

was now neutral to positive

towards the security forces,

compared to neutral to negative in the past.

While it seems clear Swapo

is becoming less successful

militarily, its guerrilla operations still provide a thorn in the

flesh for South Africa, which

funds most of the war effort.

Official figures putthe combined security force numbers

in the Operational Area, including cooks, drivers etc, at

14 000! Swapo has claimed as

many as 100 000 South African troops are involved in trying to contain its guerrilla

operations.

It is estimated the war costs

South Africa about Rl,2 million a day.

And while there might be an

increase in the number of people providing intelligence to

the security forces, most observers agree Swapo has the

most significant support of

any Namibian political party.

Because of its anti-South

African, pro-independence

stance, combined with its military operations, Swapo is seen

as the symbol for black selfdetermination in Namibia.

After a prohibition on Swapo holding public meetings in

Namibia was overturned by the

Windhoek Supreme Court recently, about ten thousand

people gathered at a Swapo rally in Windhoek last month.

It was one of the largest political meetings in the country

for some years.

Swapo plans a similar rally

on Sunday tomark the 20th anniversary of the war.

The Namibian war hastaken

on an increasing international

dimension with foreign countries supplying and aiding

Swapo and others trying to

negotiate a ceasefire and the

implementation of Resolution

435.

According to Gen Meiring,

East Bloc countries train Swapo guerrillas and provide Plan

with military equipment and

other supplies.

He said Swapo insurgents

were also trained by Cuba, Algeria, and Libya, while the

United Nations supplied Plan

with direct monetary aid.

The Angolan army also

provided logistical support for

Swapo, he said.

South Africa and the United

States have insisted that a withdrawal of the estimated 30 000

Cuban troops in Angola

Namibian independence.

South Africa has described

Cuban linkage as the last obstacle to the implementation of

Resolution 435, but movement

on the issue has been slow.

The US has played a key role

in negotiations for a Cuban

withdrawal and Namibian independence but has become

embroiled in controversy over

its support and military aid for

Unita guerrillas in Angola.

Angola has charged that the

US has lost its credibility as

'honest broker' in the negotiations, but Angola's President

Eduardo dos Santos, recently

offered to meet US President

Ronald Reagan to discuss

Southern Africa and the deadlock over Namibia.

Gen Meiring does not

predict an early end to the war.

He said Swapo had the capacity to carry on atthe present

tempo. "I don't foresee thatthe

external wing of Swapo are

easily going to get off the path

they have worked out for themselves!'

He believed the Swapo

leadership was not being fully

informed of what was happening on the ground in the Operational Area.

"While they still believe they

are successful I think they will

still try to force the issue by the

normal terrorist actsj' Gen

Meiring said.

"I think Angola is really the

key to this part of Southern

Africa!' Gen Meiring said.

If there could be an arrangement between the MPLA

government and the Unita

guerrillas it could lead to a

change of heart by the Angolan government which could

lead to a Cuban withdrawal

and Swapo being denied bases

in Angola.

/13046

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31
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

NAMIBIA

INTERIM GOVERNMENT ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION OPPOSED

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 22 Aug 86 p 12

[Editorial: "'Celebration' Not Fitting"]

[Text] The majority of schools in Namibia will probably not 'celebrate' the

first anniversary of the interim government by making August 29 a public

holiday.

There is, after all, nothing to 'celebrate' in any case, since the record of

the interim government in the past year contains no landmarks to the overall

benefit of the Namibian people.

Schools resorting under the Ovambo Administration of Mr Peter Kalangula in

northern Namibia, will not 'celebrate' the first birthday of the interim

government, and it is doubtful whether schools resorting under Mr Justus

Garoeb's Damara Administration will celebrate a year of rule by a government

without mandate.

In the same manner, for many privately-run schools it will be 'classes as

usual1on August 29.

The Nanso student movement has denounced the school holiday announced by

interim government Education Minister, Mr Andrew Matjila, as an 'imposition'

in view of the fact that the interim government had not been elected by the

people.

For students at those schools resorting under the Department of National

Education, and who are obliged to take the 'public holiday', Nanso has

organised a seminar on education.

Commemoration of the anniversary of a government which has no mandate, is

out of place in our society, and even more so when schoolchildren are forced

to 'celebrate' such an event.

/13046

CSO: 3400/502

32
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

NAMIBIA

EDITORIAL DESCRIBES MUNICIPAL BY-ELECTION AS FARCE

Windhoek THE NAMIBIAN in English 22 Aug 86 p 12

[Editorial: "Farce of an Election"]

[Text] The municipal by-election in Ward 12 (Windhoek West) for the

election of a member of the Town Council, proved to be a farce with only 78

votes cast in favour of both candidates.

Once again we have to emphasise that although this election would be

described by Municipal office-bearers and City Council members as 'nonpolitical*, it is highly discriminatory since many residents of that area

did not have the right to vote, purely on the grounds of their skin colour.

Only 152 residents of this area were eligible to vote, and of them, only

78 cast their ballot. This would indicate that either 'white' voters are

totally apathetic, or else their sympathies lie with fellow-residents of

the area who were not permitted to vote on the grounds of their skin colour.

The by-election therefore, is a farce, on the grounds that 41 votes in

favour of a candidate is not exactly overwhelming, even bearing in mind the

small percentage of people able to vote.

In a country where the interim government Is supposedly against any form of

discrimination on grounds of colour, the holding of this 'whites-only'

by-election would prove that very little has changed in Namibia.

/13046

CSO: 3400/502

33
MINING SECTOR EXPERIENCES 'ALARMING1 PRODUCTION CUT

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER In English 25 Aug 86 p 1

[Text] NAMIBIA'S mining sector which

represented 36% of the Gross Domestic

Product(GDP) in 1985 was showing an

alarming decrease in production, exploration, fixed investment and employment.

This wassaid by the Minister

of Mining and Commerce, Mr

Andreas Shipanga in an address to the Institute ofMining

Metallurgy(IMM). ,

"In constant 1980 prices, the

mining sector's contribution

has declined from "630 million in 1979 to R472.2 million

in 1985;' Mr Shipanga said.

"The labour force has

declined from 19 240 in 1981 to

14 846 in 1985.

"Moreover any country's

mining industry will in time

collapse if new mines are not

brought on stream. I therefore

note with great concern that

expenditure on prospecting by

mining companies in

SWA/Namibia has steadily

decreased from R22.6 millkm

(1981) to only R6.3 million

(1985).

"In addition the gross

domestic fixed investment by

the mining sector has declined

in constant 1980 prices from

R112.4 million in 1980 to only

R15.9 million in 1985," he said.

The only aspect which had

shown an upward trend was the

average wage for mining employees which had increased

from R6 274 per annum in

1981 to RIO 278 in 1985.

Mr Shipanga noted wryly

thatthe average temperature of

a man with his feet m an oven

and his head in a fridge, could

be said to be normal but he

would nevertheless not feel

comfortable.

Salaries for unskilled employees with ao experience

ranged from R296 per month

on the larger mines to R104 on

the smatter ones.

/13046

CS0: 3400/502

34
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

BRIEFS

STUDENTS TO CUBA—The Government of Sao Tome and Principe will send 60

secondary students to Cuba with scholarships offered by the Cuban Government.

Following their studies on the Isle of Youth, in Cuba, these students, aged

between 12-14 years, will continue on to intermediate or higher studies,

depending on their aptitude, the willingness of their country of origin, and

their personal ambitions. Of the first group of 40 students who went to Cuba

in 1979, 15 entered university, 17 took intermediate training, and 3 are in

the last year of pre-university studies. Only five returned with no training

whatsoever due to disciplinary reasons. On the Isle of Youth the Scholarship

students from Sao Tome participate in patriotic and cultural activities

besides pursuing their regular studies and engaging in agricultural production. The Republic of Cuba has been the principal source of training for

the majority of Sao Tomean students, due to the ties of friendship and solidarity binding the two governments. [Text] [Lisbon 0 DIA in Portuguese

19 Aug 86 p 11] /6091

CSO: 3442/305

35
23 September

SOMALIA

HOPES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH, OIL DISCOVERIES REVIEWED

Frankfürt/Mäin FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 18 Jul

86 p 2

[AFP article: "Somalia Again Receiving Foreign Assistance: Petroleum and

Natural Gas Drilling Without Success So Far/High Mortality and Shortage of

Skilled Manpower"]

[Text] Mogadishu—With a foreign debt of more than $1 billion and large

deficits, including, among other things, a balance of payments deficit of $312

million last year, Somalia has, in the opinion of foreign financial experts,

only limited assets." Although this East African country with 6 million

inhabitants cannot meet its foreign obligations without refinancing, it is

continuing to receive very large amounts of foreign aid. This aid amounted to

$305 million in 1985 and will be even greater this year. Somalia is among the

African countries receiving the greatest assistance per capita. Mogadishu has

very good friends and "is not making any trouble," affirmed an international

development expert in this connection.

The former colonial power Italy is in first place among the donor countries

with about $100 million annually. The World Bank, the United States, the ERG

and the other countries of the EEC are also assisting Mogadishu with large

sums. Somalia is considered one of the "model pupils" of the International

Monetary Fund (IMF). It began in 1985 with the realization of the IMF

program, Which among other tilings provides for tiie liberalization of domestic

trade and the gradual devaluation of the shilling, the national currency.

In 1985, the country^ economic growth exceeded 10 percent. In 1986 as well,

it may well be favorable, primarily as a consequence of the very good

agricultural results following the more copious rains. According to the

expectations of the government, the high inflation rate of 92 percent last

year will be lower in 1986, although at 50 to 60 percent it will still be very

high. International experts stress that the country is potentially rich in

foodstuffs if one ignores possible periods of drought. Somalia is a large

exporter of meat animals to the countries of the Persian Gulf and also exports

bananas and lemons. The grain balance is neither positive nor negative.

But many development experts emphasize that the help being given to the

country is less productive and useful than it could be, for certain donor

36
countries are more interested in prestige projects than in productive

operations. They also stess that Somalia must make great efforts in its

public health service, for at 150 per 1,000 infant mortality is very high and

life expectancy hardly exceeds 40 years. A special problem is the exodus of

qualified manpower. About 100,000 Somalis have left the country in recent

years and taken up work primarily in the gulf states. Although the recession

in the oil countries caused some of these specialists to return to their home

country, this shortage of qualified personnel will continue.

Mogadishu hopes that in the long run larger oil and methane finds will produce

a lasting improvement in the country's financial and economic situation. Test

drilling by international companies in the northern part of the country has so

far been in vain. Despite the crisis in the world oil market, however, they

have decided to continue the prospecting, for they still believe that it is

possible to discover oil or natural gas. It remains to be seen whether these

hopes are justified. At the present time, petroleum products are scarce in

Somalia as a result of the strained foreign exchange situation. Gasoline is

now being sold in the capital city only in small quantities at black-market

prices.

9746

CSO: 3420/49

37
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

SOMALI SUPPORTS LIBERATION—Foreign Affairs Minister Luke Mwananshiku has

praised Somalia for the invaluable contribution and support given to the

liberation struggle in South Africa. Mr Mwananshiku said Somalia's

assistance to the region was treasured because the liberation movement needs

the support of independent Africa now more than ever before. Mr Mwananshiku,

who made these remarks during a luncheon for the outgoing Somalian ambassador,

Michael Mariano, noted that Somalia, like Zambia has demonstrated its commitment to the total liberation of not only the southern African region, but

the continent as a whole. He said Somalia and Zambia shared the strong

principles which have strengthened their bilateral relations over the

years. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 27 Aug 86 MB]

/9738

CSO: 3400/510

38
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

ZIMBABWE

HERALD CALLS PIK BOTHA REMARKS 'CHEAP PROPAGANDA'

MB280820 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0736 GMT 28 Aug 86

[Text] Harare, 28 Aug (SAPA)—South Africa's termination of searches of

Zimbabwean cargo and the statement by the South African Foreign Minister

Mr Pik Botah, that his government had held talks with Zimbabwe on the effect

of sanctions were today dismissed as "cheap propaganda" by the semi-official

national daily newspaper, THE HERALD.

Zimbabwe's government-controlled media continue to make no mention of the

new trade agreement signed between South Africa and Zimbabwe, which Zimbabwe

has been accused of trying to conceal until after the non-aligned summit

adopts new calls for comprehensive sanctions.

In an editorial today, the herald denied that Zimbabwe was "hunting with the

hounds and running with the hares" over economic ties with South Africa.

It says Mr Botha's statement to the South African parliament must be seen

in the context of past attempts to discredit nonaligned summit meetings.

"Mr Botha is only playing his part in this process of trying to de-legitimise

Zimbabwe as leader of the NAM [non-aligned movement].

> THE HERALD said. Zimbabwe's prime minister,

Mr Robert Mugabe, would soon head a mammoth movement, and his weakest point

was Zimbabwe's "forced and over-played dependency on South Africa."

Mr Botha's statement should be brushed aside as cheap propaganda—a mud

volley. We should be prepared for the more serious shots they will soon

fire this way," said THE HERALD.

/9738

CSO: 3400/510

39
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SALARY INCREASES FOR BOTHA, MINISTERS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Aug 86 p 1

[Text] Cape Town - Legislation is on the cards to pave the way for a salary

increase for President P W Botha following recent substantial increases for

Members of Parliament and Cabinet Ministers.

President Botha, who earns R109 000 a year tax free, has not had an increase

since he changed hats in September 1984 when he "retired" as Prime Minister

with a R300 000 tax free golden handshake. He became President hours

afterwards.

At the moment Mr Botha earns R5 000 a year less than the most junior member

of his Cabinet - but then he does not get taxed.

The Schlebusch Committee, which examined salary structures for public

representatives, has recommended that the President should be given R160 000

a year tax free.

Mr Botha did not get a salary increase at the same time as other MPs and

Cabinet Ministers last month.

His salary, unlike the others which can be increased by proclamation in the

Government Gazette, can only be approved "by resolution of Parliament".

And this hurdle, contained in the constitution, the Government apparently

wants removed, according to Parliamentary sources.

This would put the president in the same position as the rest of the public

representatives.

Ministers' salaries went up 54 percent this year to R114 930, while MPs had

increases of 35 percent, taking them up to R58 050.

unlike the President, their income is taxed.

The increases were widely condemned, particularly by public servants and the

Transport Services Union.

The Schlebush Committee, which was appointed by the Government to get an

outside opinion, recommended a total income of R144 000 for ministers and

almost R60 000 for MP's.

40

/13046

CSO: 3400/517
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

PLANS FOR LEBOWA DEVELOPMENT—Cape Town, 28 Aug (SAPA)~-The South African,

and Lebowa governments have agreed to seek ways of eliminating backlogs in

Lebowars development. A joint statement by the minister of education and

development aid, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, and the chief minister of Lebowa, Dr

Cedric Phatudi, said today that in-depth discussions had taken place in

Cape Town on the development and administration of towns in Lebowa. It had

been decided that backlogs in development should be identified "as a matter

of urgency" and that ways would be found to finance the elimination of backlogs as soon as possible. Attention was also given to problems afflicting

self-building schemes. The statement said the parties had agreed to set up

a working group to program the transfer authorities to the Lebowa government

to develop and administer towns in the state. The working group will consist of officials of the department of development aid and the Lebowa

government. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1351 GMT 28 Aug 86 MB]

/9738

POWER OVER PRIVATE SCHOOLS—House of Assembly,. 29 Aug (SAPA)~"A bill giving

the government wide powers of control over private schools—including the

right to control admission of pupils—was introduced in the house today by

the Minister of Education and Culture, Mr Piet Clase, In his second reading

speech, Mr Clase said the private schools bill provided for uniform requirements for registration of private schools and for government grants. "The

minister must be vested with the power to make regulations in connection

with private schools and the admission of pupils to such schools, as well

as to make different regulations in respect of the different provincial

education departments," he said. These regulations would be retroactive.

All private schools falling under the legislation had to be registered to

ensure control over the education standards and staff. Provision was made

for annual applications which had to comply with prescribed requirements,

for government grants. In addition, the bill laid down that failure to

register under the act would constitute an offense. Because the provincial

departments of education had been incorporated into the department of

education and culture since April 1 this year, the act would be deemed to

have come into effect on that date, Mr Clase said. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1535 GMT 29 Aug 86 MB] /9738

41
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

'BARRIER OF BLADES' EXPORTED—A South African invention which can imprison a

rioting crowd within triple coils of mobile razor wire barrier spewed out

from a road trailer, has become one of the country's favourite exports.

While the South African Police are still testing six of the almost

impenetrable 130m interlocking barriers for anti-riot use, about 200 have

been exported to Taiwan and a host of countries in Europe and South America.

The barrier of blades, patented in a number of countries, can be deployed

around any crowd within 15 seconds, and extended to any length by interlocking units. It has been successfully Used on a number of gold mines.

Mr Bruce Cochrane, the inventor, believes it has prevented bloodshed, and

has a calming influence on rioters. [By Jaap Boekkooi] [Text] [Johannesburg

THE STAR in English 23 Aug 86 p 3] /13046

CSO: 3400/517

42
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI CRITICIZES HEUNIS ON COUNCIL

MB290913 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0831 GMT 29 Aug 86

[Text] Durban, 29 Aug (SAPA)—Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi. last night

accused the minister of constitutional development, Mr Chris. Heunis, of

further confusing the issue of a national council by now talking about a

"National Council of State."

Mr Heunis was talking as though a confederation of southern African states

was still a national party dream, he said. What South Africa needed was one

sovereign parliament, and it appeared that such ambiguity was disguising

yet another attempt to leave the status quo intact.

Chief Buthelezi made these remarks at a dinner in Durban with South Africanborn British author and philosopher Sir Laurens van der Post.

He reiterated that a universal adult franchise was an essential and that

democracy could not work in his country-unless all its people had a common

stake in one parliament. He told Sir Laurens, who is a godfather to

Britain's Prince William, that he was "deeply offended as a South African"

by the state president, Mr P.W. Botha's recent treatment of a British

foreign secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe. It has shown public disdain for

Britain's prime minister, Mrs Margaret Thatcher, who "with a tenacious

commitment to what is right," had staked her own and her party's future on

her opposition to mandatory sanctions.

If Mr Botha had even hinted that he would reconsider the whole question of

political prisoners it would have been worthwhile for Sir Goeffrey's peaceseeking visit to South Africa.

Chief Buthelezi said that Mr Botha's main initiative now lay in getting the

National Council—which he described as a "reason for hope"—off the

ground. He recalled that its stated objectives included the offer for all

to take part in preparing a constitution providing for participation by all

South African citizens in the process of Government.

43
"The adoption of these objectives for somebody who has already gone as far

as saying that apartheid is outdated cannot be talked out of existence by

negative criticism," he said. The state president would scuttle his own

initiative if he ignored Chief Buthelezi's warning that the council would

come to naught unless political prisoners like the ANC's Mr Nelson Mandela

and the PAC's [Pan Africanist Congress] Mr Zeph Mothopeng were released and

enabled to accept or reject participation in it.

/9738

CSO: 3400/511

44
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UDF WESTERN CAPE SECRETARY DISCUSSES EMERGENCY, OTHER ISSUES

Cape Town GRASSROOTS in English Aug 86 p 4

(Interview with UDF WEstern Cape Secretary Trevor Manuel; date and place not

given]

[Text]

GRASSROOTS speaks to UDF Western Cape

Secretary, Mr Trevor Manuel.

GR: How does the UDF fee! after two months ofthe

Emergency?

TM: We are feeling confident. We have not been

silenced. The emergency has not been able to stop us.

We remain in contact with our organisations,^and we

are continuing to express the people's demands.

GR: Surely the Emergency has affected your work

in some way?

TM: It has, ofcourse. People have been frightened by

the kind of arbttary police action we have seen. Many

have been detained, and it is hard to hold meetings.

But we are beginning to win some victories. The

courts have shown that we have a right to exist. And

the response from the people has shown that we are

even more popular than before.

We are also finding ways to adapt to the new

situation. We have to find new ways of keeping

ourselves in touch with the people. We need to rely

more on the people themselves. We are determined to

get more people into out organisations and build

resistance to the emergency.

GR: Botha has warned that he has 'not even lifted his

little finger'. What do yon think of this?

TM: We do not expect things to be easy. But Botha

has never been so weak politically. Sanctions arc on

the cards and he knows it. Businessmen have no

confidence in him - though we still have not seen

business put its money where its mouth is. Even the

so-called moderates see no plan in Botha's actions.

Apartheid is despised evenwhere.

Above all it has been the unity of our people that

has isolated Botha. A united people can never be

defeated.

GR: Has the UDF got a message for the people?

TM: Yes. The workers especially have a great role to

play in our struggle for liberation. The students are

already showing their resistance to ID cards and

police interference at school. Whether you are a

worker, a student, a housewife, a teacher or

unemployed, the message is the same. We will have

to set ourselves free! Only our own efforts will end

our sufferings under apartheid.

The UDF calls on all our people to continue the

struggle for a peaceful future in a non-racial

democratic South Africa.

/13046

CSO: 3400/518

45
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

MAYOR PLEADS FOR PROTECTION OF BLACK LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Aug 86 p 3

[Text] j^ appeal for protection and support of blacklocal authorities was

made by the Mayor of Daveytown; Mr Tom Boya, at a local

government and housing conference In Vanderbijlpark at the

weekend.

Mr Boya lashed out at the now

defunct administration and development boards, saying tney.

were "established in the Government's desperate search for a

way of implementing the policy,

of influx control and separate deHe said black local authorities,

were introduced with the sole ob-,

Ject of giving blacks the opportu-:

ntty to share power "ttoc^Tgovernment level and to manage ana

cuiminlstpr their own affairs.

However, this form of local

rftrnrgnttriipnt hnrf mpt with ODDO"

sition from the outset

"It is not surprising that most

of the horrible crimes committed lately in the black society

are directed against black people who are prepared to work

within the so-called 'system' —

especially against those who are

connected with black local government".

Mr Boya continued: "These

black local authorities find themselves in the front line in the battle for the expansion and maintenance of democracy in South

Africa and the question arises

whether enough is being done to

protect these people who have become the main target of forces

opposing the system.

Mr Boya suggested that only

fey providing visible improvements at grass-root level in the

black townships, would black

local authorities be able to build

up credibility.

/13046

CSO: 3400/508

46
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP ISOLATED BY BARBED WIRE BARRICADE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Aug 86 p 3

[Article by Ken Vernon]

[Text] PORT ELIZABETH : — The State of Emergency has given birth

to South Africa's own

version of the infamous Berlin Wall —

an 11-km barricade of

razor-sharp barbed

wire that completely

cuts the township of

New Brighton off

from the outside

world.

But in the case of the

New Brighton wall, no

one knows if it is designed to keep people in

or out.

As the fence snakes its

way across the littered

township, it separates

neighbours from their

friends, shops from their

customers and even in

one instance, seemingly

a school from its playing

fields.

The barbed wire barricade has existed for

over a month, but the

Press have been gagged

from even mentioning it

until last week.

The gag came off

when the State admitted

in the Maritzburg Supreme Court that police

orders on the presence

of reporters in townships, and the reporting

of any security force

action, were invalid.

On Friday the Minis

ter of Defence, General,

" Magnus Malan, visited

Port Elizabeth and

toured the barbed wire

barricade and I managed to slip on to his

coat-tails, so to speak, to

see along the length of

the South African version of the wall.

' It stretches like a long

silver snake for about

10 km around the perimeter of New Brighton, cutting the township

off completely from the

neighbouring townships

of Zwide and Kwazakele.

For most of its length

it consists of three coils

of the new-styled barbed

wire, the type with little

razor sharp blades.

It is piled up 2m high

and 3 m wide in places.

And there have been

. reports that the ubiqui-

* tous "comrades" have

Cut sections off to use in

.making their own barri-

' cades.

:'. The fence cuts dfrectry across several minor

roads, closing them completely, and where it bisects major arteries,

there is a small gap protected by sandbagged

army emplacements for

traffic to be monitored

as it passes.

Residents say that

every time they wish to

either enter or leave

New. Brighton, they are

stopped and searched.

As General Malan's

armour-plated convoy

inspected the fence, it

was also inspected by

hundreds of residents

whose houses are only

metres from it.

At one point an obviously confused twoyear-old stood by, his fist

clenehed in a black

power salute, as the convoy stopped to inspect a

particular section.

The Bureau for Information has issued a

statement about the

fence, saying it was

erected "to isolate the

area in order to control

entry to prevent interference with municipal

authorities and security

forces."

/13046

CSO: 3400/508

47
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE PRESENCE IN BLACK TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS DISCOURAGES LEARNING

'Battle of Nerves' Described

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Aug 86 p 11

[Text]

Education is about to collapse

in most secondary schools on

the Reef's Mack townships as

pupils and members of the security forces daily engage in a

battle of nerves.

Before the end of the last

term in Juqe there was a semblance of education in most secondary schools. The same cannot be said for this term.

The crisis which gripped

black schools last year worsened when the Department of

Education and Training (DET)

tions for teachers and pupils

last month and members of the '.

security forees were stationed :

nnOH avflWi eoh/i/il nratnicM piCtttlSCS«

The most contentious of these

rules was that requiring pupils

to carry identification cards

while on school premises.

Pupils did not take kindly to

title frirm nf Mphtlflpntlnn duta^

bing it "Woza doitipas."

Pupils at various schools have

burnt the cards and school records. Toe carrying of IDs never

became effective.

LESSONS ABANDONED

xjcssons arc consiamij IIHCT"

rUptCU imfpil Ol At* fihntiHntiofl oc nitnils ttl/UI1UUIICU «3 VU|JIt9

leave for home just after the

morning break, which at most

schools is at 11 am.

Most townships have at one

time or another had a class boycott. The presence of pupils at

school also does not mean that

all is well and lessons are continuing. School attendance is one

thing and attending lessons is

another. The school hours stipulated by the DET are being ignored.

Most of the schools look like

ruins. Walls and roofs have collapsed after classrooms were

set on fire. In many, window

panes have been broken.

Pupils have gone on class

boycotts on numerous occasions.

Last week pupils from secondary schools in Soweto threatened a three-day boycott every

week until security forces left

school premises.

Teachers have been caught in

the "crossfire" between the security forces and the pupils.

Pupils have demanded they

tell the troops to leave the

school premises. On the other

ItoflQ fntr troops nave twiste«

the teachers for failing to exercise strict discipline on the

pdpils.

CONFRONTATION LOOMS

A confrontation is reported to

be looming between the pupils

and the troops. The pupils are

said to be angry at the constant

surveillance by the troops whom

they allege even follow them to

the toilets.

There have already been incidents between pupils and the

troops. Pupils have been bitten

by dogs on the school premises.

At one school in Orlando West

boys are said to carry weapons

which they openly expose to the

troops.

The pupils also sing freedom

songs loudly and within hearing

öf the troops.

' Meanwhile, youths have been

carrying on with their activities in the township unconcerned

by the harsh measures of the

state of emergency.

; In Zola township, meetings of

street committees as well of

residents in general are still

being held.

' Youths go around the streets

in groups singing freedom songs

and chanting.

Vehicles are still bemg hijacked. Many commercial concerns no longer deliver goods

in most Soweto townships.

48
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

Schools Abandoned

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text] THE CONTINUED presence of armed

soldiers at black schools, say parents,

their children, educationists and leaders,

is the reason black education is present;

ly bedevilled by problems.

In a nutshell, there has been no meaningful education taking place at many

black schools for some time now and

concerned educators and parents warn

that unless something is done swiftly the

situation will not improve.

Here is a diary of what happened in

Soweto and Alexandra during the last

two days of school last week:

•THABA-JABULA HIGH SCHOOL in

Klipsruit:

Except for two truckloads of soldiers,

it was virtually deserted. This foHowed

worsening relations between the soldiers

and pupils, with the former accused of

bully-boy tactics and indiscriminate firing of teargas at pupils who had reported for school.

•MUSI HIGH SCHOOL in Pimville

There were few pupils on Thursday

and by lunch the classrooms were deserted. On Friday morning a few trickled into class. They constituted less than

half the school's complement.

Residents staying around the school

say that almost every morning soldiers

at the school do drill exercises, running

around the yard as.though in mock battles, and stand rigid with their weapons

pointed in front of them.

Mr Thami Mazwai, who lives nearby

and passes the school every morning on

his way to work, says: "From the beginning of August I saw the soldiers at Musi

High.

"Every day between 7.45 and 8 am

when I passed by I saw the soldiers do

drill exercises right in the yard of the

school, next to the main gate and next to

their vehicle."

•BONA HIGH SCHOOL in Orlando East:

We saw a group of pupils leaving the

schoolyard on Friday morning, less than

an hour after the commencement of the

school day.

As the pupils walked out we asked

them why they were'leaving and they

said: "The soldiers have told as to go

home because there are only a few of us

in school today ... No, the principal and

teachers did not ten us to go; it was the

soldiers who said so." " " ""* '"*""'•'

• ORLANDO HIGH SCHOOL in Soweto:

; There was a heavy concentration of

army vehicles and soWiers^jB Thursday

and Friday and few pupils,' some1 of

whom were not inside their classrooms.

The continuing boycott of classes at

the school, says one parent, is because of

the unwanted presence of the Jfok *rs.

,/This woman alleges, that a few days

a&ajgfrhen classes, weite in progress,

sotri#':soldiers entered Jhe classrooms

arid-began asking the pupils who the

fifst man to come to South Africa was.

The children ignored'this and similar

questions, and the soldiers told them

Väsco da Gama and hot Oliver Tambo

was the first man hrthis country.

• ORLANDO WEST HIGH and PHEFENI

HIGH:

By/lunchtime on Thursday they were

virtually empty of pupils, and only soldiers in army vehicles were inside the

yards.- Oh Friday morning teachers at

the two schools sat outside in the sun,

with very few children around and even

these were not inside their classrooms.

•IBHONGO HIGH SCHOOL in Dhlamini:

On Thursday afternoon it was deserted, except for a truckload of soldiers. On

Friday morning no children were seen

reporting for lessons, but teachers were

at the school. So were the soldiers.

• PRUDENS HIGH SCHOOL in Tladi:

It had no children on Thursday after

noon and the following morning few

were seen in the schoolyard. They

played ball games and did not wear

school uniform.

It was the same at adjacent Tau-Pedi

Higher Primary School, indicating a

new and disturbing trend that the boycott was effectively spreading from high

schools to lower schools.

•TLADI HIGH SCHOOL

Soldiers sat on the pavements of the

deserted school on Thursday and Friday,

making a stark paradox with the metrehigh grafitti in white paini on the school

walls. The writing screamed "Viva ANC

in Libya", "Viva UDF", "Viva People's

Power" and "Long Live ANC".

• MOLETSANEHIGH

It was empty on both days, and on

Friday it seemed as if even the teachers

had not reported for work. Not a soldier

or other member of the security forces

wasin sight.

49
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

• PROGRESS HIGH SCHOOL in Pimville

Zone 4:

It was virtually empty oh Thursday at

noon except for a number of soldiers,

some of whom sa,t behind desks on the

balcony outside classrooms on the first

floor. On Friday morning there were

few pupils.

• PACE COLLEGE in Jabulant

It was empty on Thursday following

disturbances on Wednesday which saw

attacks on a bulldozer and a truck just

outside the yard. On Friday the school

was empty.

• ALEXANDRA HIGH SCHOOL

There is a bold legend painted across

the main building, reading "Sisulu High

School" — there were no pupils on Friday, and the day before had not been

any better.

• MINERVA HIGH SCHOOL:

A few blocks away — here the painted legend reads "Mandela High School"

— no students reported for lessons on

Friday, and again Thursday had been no

better.

• EMFUNDISWENI LOWER PRIMARY

SCHOOL:

Its new name is painted as "Slovo

L.P.": Attendances wereslightlyibettär:$

than the past few days.

Adjacent to this school is a higher primary- with ?Mbeki HP." painted prominent !W:a wäll, (üovan Mbeki is

among the ANC leaders serving; life

• terms foifowihg^convictionsi during the

Rivptl^miC^ere ÜW^IS Wry tfew.

pupils here as well.

• NALEDI HIGH SCHOOL:

In years gone by one of Soweto's premier institutions, it was deserted on

Thursday: .fepept for a number of soi-

(( dier«;äfid Ä&donkeys i» the yard-Ffp-

! daf waf no Bettet-, though jiJiajjriMfcT

pupils yverittp school but left legman

an hour later.

, «MORRIS ISAACSON HIGH SCHOOL in

, Central»Western Jabavu;.' '■■

AhotHer „erstwhile reputable institution, it wasempty on Thursday by noon

: and on ^riday morning the lights were

still onjat the school — but no pupils.

On a| electrical substation outside the

schoolyard, painted in huge green letters, is "Tutu the mad fool".

Schools in many other Soweto townships fared no better — no pupils, but

posses of soldiers and teachers sitting in

the sun for want of children to teach:

And parents, teachers and the pupils

themselves offer nought for anybody's

comfort. They warn that if the soldiers

are not immediately withdrawn from

schools and the other "security" measures, the "class-less 1986" which was

rumoured at the beginning of the year

may yet become reality.

Parents Complain

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by Jon Qwelane}

(Text} THE SOWETO Parents Crisis

Committee' hid met -senior

education officialssin^ttding

Deputy Minister, Mr Sairri de

Beer, a number of times and

had repeatedly stressed that

for peace to return to black

communities soldiers had to be

withdrawn from schools and

townships.

This demand had not been

met and, as ä result, strife was

continuing at Mack educational institutions as well as in the

townships, Soweto Civic Association president, Dr Nthato

Motiana said.

He said the SPCC and later

the National Education Crisis

Committee had pledged to get

the children: back to their

classrooms.

"We did our best tö send the

|:''. Children back to school at the

; !j'beginning of the year, and are

':« still doing so even now. But the

' ^authorities do not seem to be

v

' interested.

;l "What can be done now to

'?.. femedy the deteriorating situvf ation? The answer is still the

'.' ' same as when we met de Beer

(and others: withdraw the

troops from our schools and

from our townships," he said.

Mr Tony Ngwcnya, public

relations officer of an educational centre in Soweto and

also a parent, shared tire view

that the armed forces must be

withdrawn from the schools;

The rate at which the boycott of classes was continuing

was cause for alarm, and the

sooner the authorities realised

it and acted on it the belter, he

said

50
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1981

Percy Qoboza Commentary

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 24 Aug 86 p 4

[Commentary by Percy Qoboza: "Kids Aren't the Only Ones With No Education'*]

[Text ] IT'S August already - and there's still no end in

sight to the education crisis.

On the contrary, the position seems to be

detonating by the day. Now primary schools -

until now the only ones operating relatively peacefully - are being caught up in the education mess.

The year started off with loads of optimism.

'Remember?

First the suave and - at the time - sympathetic

Deputy Education and Training Minister Sam de

Beer's positive response to the Soweto Parents'

Crisis Committee gave reason for hope.

Then came the birth of the National Education

Crisis Committee, which planned a concerted

nationwide campaign to stabilise schools.

Then, for some strange reason, the government

revolted. Even De Beer retreated into the verkrampte camp, destroying the confidence he had

built up with concerned parents.

A stalemate was reached - and that seemed to

culminate in the declaration of the state of emergenecy countrywide.

Then came those astounding regulations the

government- mistakenby -thought would stabilise

the school situation. A form of "dompas" was

imposed on all pupils; discipline was taken out of

the principals' hands and passed onto the security

forces - whose presence was to become a permanent feature at some schools.

Teachers themselves revolted against what they

saw as a government attempt to turn them into an

extension of its security network.

The. end result was quite predictable — pupilsrefused to study under such horrendous conditions,

as would any reasonable person.

The tragedy, of course, is that this is now the

second generation of black children with no formal

education worth talking about. And this, more

than anything, should make this country tremble.'

It's no use Louis le Grange lambasting Helen

Suzman, Winnie Mandela and what he calls a

circus of Pressmen for visiting a Soweto school and

doing nothing to get the children back into the

classroom.

They're not the ones responsible for those children being out on the street in the first place -it's

the government's shortsightedness, its dedication

to inferior education and its failure to eradicate

apartheid in education that brought about this

sorry mess.

It's Le Grange and his mates who should get the

kids back to school. And it's really very easy:

• Do away with the wasteful duplication of educational departments and bring education under one

umbrella body.

• Do away with unequal qualities in education.

• Spend R3 on education for every Rl you spend

on guns and bombs. The money can easily be

found if you dismantle the cumbersome civil

service bureaucracies in

your 14 education departments.

That's how easy it is.

You don't have to fiH

schoolyards with security

officers and burden children with dompasses.

/13046

CSO: 3400/522

51
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT, HEALTH PROBLEMS IN BOTSHABELO DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 16

[Article by Jo-Anne Richards]

{Text} sixty kilometres from Bloemfontein, on the road to Thaba ;

'Nchu, lies the country's largest'

black town after Soweto — Botshabelo.

"But the lights of Bloemfontein are not very bright.' '

Small wonder, continues a

Free State University researcher, as the unemployment

: level in Botshabelo is 40 to

• «rapcfccm — anu n coma even

be much more".

Doctors and other health

workers claim malnutrition on a

general scale is commonplace.

But the situation has improved

since feeding schemes began

operating in the area,

i A vast, sprawling 11000 ha

. slum, Xfuvsttsneto uuuses ciuse w

It is soon to gain a further

12 000 ha of urban land, prompting researchers to ask how the

area can possibly support more

people — it cannot provide work

for the present population.

Botshabelo is a town, not a

rural settlement But it is a

town without & nUur surviving

parasitically on areas a great

distance away.

Providing nothing but a few

shops, an expected town centre, a soon-to-open

hospital, and a minimal number of jobs, Botshabelo comprises a fixed urban pool of long-distance commuters.

Only about 3500 people are employed in the

small group of leeal factories and a further 4 000

to 5 000 in internal services.

Weekly or seasonal commuters to the Free

State goldfields number 30 000, while 25 000 people travel daily to Bloemfontein on more than 100

buses.

The number existing in the informal sector is

difficult to calculate, according to Mr S Krige,

geography lecturer at Free State University. The

< town is certainly large enough, but lacks the

i money for a thriving informal sector.

The health profile of the community has improved, health workers maintain but the conditions are stM unhygienic and diseases associated

with poverty — gastro-enteritis and chest complaints — are rife.

Botshabelo consists of sites of between 300 and

400 sqm, each provided with a pit or bucket toilet.

.A tap every 200 m is used by at least 200 people, researchers estimate.

The first structures to emerge are corrugated

iron shanties. Later, when they can afford it, people build small brick or mud-brick shacks.

A year ago, Botshabelo was 230 percent overpopulated. About 35 000 families lived as lodgers

on the tiny stands — 2,3 lodger families per stand.

The population density is now about 67 people

per hectare, according to Mr Krige.

A researcher in the area, Mr William Cobbett,

a PhD student at the Middlesex Polytechnic in

London, suggests that Botshabelo is an example

; of what the Government intended when it accepted the concept of "orderly urbanisation".

"People's movement over-the1 past decade,

through natural processes and brutal State intervention, has allowed the State to lift pass laws

with very little effect.

"We have massive informal settlements with

little or no infrastructure with people existing as

long-distance commuters."

52
Mr H J Temple, chairman of the Commission

for Co-Operation and Development, says the

extra 12 000 ha is to cope with the "vast influx"

occurring in the area.

"Many Sothos in the Free State have indicated

they would like to move there. There are work

opportunities nearby," he says.

People in the area fear that, with the stirrings

of discontent will come vigilantes. Already, a petrol bomb has been thrown into the house of a

local church minister.

/13046

CSO: 3400/508

53
DIHATSWANE VILLAGERS FACE FORCED REMOVAL

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 198°

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 24 Aug 86 p 8

[Article by Sol Morathi]

[Text] DIHATSWANE villagers

near Maflkeng are facing

forced removal - again.

But they have nowhere to

go as both the South African

and Bophuthatswana governments have washed their

hands of them.

Bop President Lucas

Mangope has Issued an ultimatum to the villagers to

leave Bophuthatswana because "they have been occupying land which belongs to

a tribe to which they pay no

allegiance and whose, authority they do not recognise".-

"They don't make any

contribution towards development of the area and for

the services rendered to

them," he said.

And SA Development and

Land Affairs Deputy Minister BH Wilkens has said SA

has no room for the villagers

as "they are resident in Bophuthatswana".

"We are unable to assist

them as an offer was made to

them which they rejected

and the matter was accepted

and finalised."

Wilkens said that in 1970

the SA government offered

them 2 026 hectares of land

in Leeufontein near the Pilanesberg district.

"But they refused the offer and made their own arrangements with Chief

Montshiwa to settle in his

area."

However, local chief ST

Makodi denied any arrangement was made and said that

after they were forcibly removed from their "ancestral

land" in Machavlestad near

Potchefstroom in 1971 they

were not compensated or offered alternative land that

would suit them.

"We were resettled in,

Rooigrond, and since then

have been living under bad

conditions -without decent

houses, no health facilities

and no church or employ-*

ment for our people.

"Bophuthatswana has refused to help us with anything because we are not citizens or permanent residents.

And we do not intend to

accept their citizenship as

we are South Africans.

What we need is our land.

We want it back, now!"

But Wilkens said: "The

farm Leeufontein is now part

of Bophuthatswana and cannot be offered to the Baro:

long-Ba-Modiboa people by

the SA government.

"Also they are resident in

Bophuthatswana and it follows that the SA government

does not have any jurisdiction over them."

Mangope says: "They arc

squatting on a local chiefs

land and they promised him

15 years ago that they would

stay on his land for only

three months. Now he wants

his land for the development

of the area."

And now it looks as

though the villagers' heroic

struggle - against the SA

government for 70 years

while in Machavlestad, and

for 15 years while in Rooigrond, Bophuhatswana - is;

about to end, with both governments turning against

them.

Bophuthatswana says the

villagers must stop resisting

and be absorbed into an urban setting around Maflkeng.

"This would have terrible

consequences," Makodi

says. "It would destroy our

group identity and we would

have to sell off our remaining

head of cattle we so desperately need for survival, as

well as the vegetable garden

we have developed."

/13046

CSO: 3400/518

54
JPRS-SSA-B6-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

YOUTH ORGANIZATION ACTIVITY TOLD BY 12-YEAR-OLD FORMER DETAINEE

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Aug 86 p 3

[Article by Sarah Sussens]

[Text]

THE small boy sat fidgeting

in his chair. He played with

the Arab kaffiyah headcloth

wrapped around his neck. His

legs barely reached the floor.

"I want to sit in nice chairs

like this, our chairs at school are

broken. White children sit in -jchairs like this," he said.

This was no ordinary township

kid talking. Twelve-year-old

Gilly Nyathela is regarded as a

threat to State security.

He has been arrested four

times by the security police — ,

the last time he was held inrde^

tention for a month.

He was released two weeks ,

ago — without being charged —

from the Heilbron police station

in the Free State.

But this slightly built boy,

member of two powerful youth

organisations at his home in Tumahole township near Parys,

looks just like an ordinary kid.

In an interview with The Sunday Star he showed that he was

well acquainted with the popular issues of the times. • "I want a non-racial democratic country," he said through his

interpreter.

Gilly was flanked by five adult

"comrades" — there to protect

his interests.

His brushes with the security

police, he says, only "make him

more stubborn". But being shut '

/13046

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up away from his family "made

his heart sore".

Brought up on the rigours of

township life, there are no fairytales for Gilly.

A desperate life of grinding

poverty has made him grow up

fast.

He is a member of the powerful "Fourteens", a breakaway

: group from the Youth Congress

consisting of about 100 children

under the age of 14.

"Youth Congress is all talk and

no action so we formed the Fourteens," he said.

According to one of the unidentified comrades accompanying Gilly, the "Fourteens" pro1 tected the township residents

from the "A-team" vigilantes —

the administration board offi-

; cials.

[ Gilly is also a member of the"

Youth Congress. His interest in

politics began two years ago

when the township held a protest

march against rent increases.

Gilly remembers the crowd

being teargassed. It was then, he

says, that the seeds of resistance

were planted.

Other incidents such as watching three people being shot made

a deep impression on him.

Asked what he really wanted

. from the bottom of his heart,

Willy forgot the slogans and replied: "To eat and eat and eat."

' He is tired of being hungry. He

says he is always hungry.

55

At home, he and his three

brothers and sister live on porridge and salt.

His mother earns R60 a month

as a domestic worker. This plus

a small "maintenance" from her

estranged husband supports the

family of five.

- Gilly wants his mother to earn

more money.

"She says this month, she can

pay for books for one of us,

maybe next month she can afford some more books," he said.

Despite the tough exterior,

Gilly is just like any other kid.

He badly wants a bicycle.

When he came out of detention, his mother gave him RIO. "I

told her to keep it to get nie a

bicycle," he said.

And despite his tough stance

on resistance, he wants to see

black and white living peacefully together.

"This is our country," he says.

Right now Gilly badly wants

to go back to the Sindekile school

where he is a Std 1 pupil.

"I went back the day after I

was released, but a teacher said

I was undesirable."

A spokeswoman for the Detainees Parents Support Committee, said that about 20 percent

of the detainees were under the

age of 16.

She said a seven-year-old was

detained in the last state of

emergency.
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SOWETO MUSLIM POPULATION INCREASES--The growth of the black Muslim population

in Soweto is due to Islam bridging the gap between race and ethnicity, according to the chairman of the Soweto Muslim Association, Mr Sayeed Ali Zange.

Speaking after the opening of Soweto's first mosque, he said equality within

Islam made people feel more respected. "Islam brings people together without

regard to colour or whether one is rich or poor," he said. The growth of

Islam in Soweto was due to people embracing the religion, and this was

seriously propagated from as early as 1973, with the establishment of an

Islamic education institution in Moroka. The propagation of Islam was

intensified amongst the youth and subsequently parents became more interested,

he said. The Soweto Muslim Association, formed in 1976, moved to premises in

Klipspruit to accommodate the increasing Muslim population. By 1978 it had to

make use of bigger facilities in Lenasia. The building of the mosque is seen

as a stepping stone towards a complete Islamic institution. "We aim to build

a centre whereby children can be educated on a full-time basis," he said.

"Madrassa (religious teaching) classes, normally take place outside normal

school hours. Children spend about two hours a day being educated in

religion." [By Shadley Nash] [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

28 Aug p 3M] /13046

ETHNIC BREAKDOWN OF URBAN BLACKS~Two out of every five Blacks living in

urban areas are Zulu speakers, according to a recent survey. The survey,

carried out by Market Research Africa, said Zulus made up 97 percent of

Blacks in Natal, 47 percent on the East Rand, and 51 percent of Johannesburg

town dwellers. The survey—which excluded Cape Town—sampled 3 000 Black

adults from the age of 16. A statement issued by the company yesterday said

Xhosas dominated the Eastern Cape, making up 99 percent of the Black

inhabitants. Tswanas make up 50 percent of people living on the West Rand

and 38 percent of Black urban dwellers in Pretoria, it said. South Sothos,

besides being well represented in the Transvaal, made up 48 percent of Black

people living in the Orange Free State and Northern Cape.—Sapa [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 28 Aug 86 p 12] /13046

56
jPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 19«G

PAC CONDEMNS MASSACRE—The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania [PAC] has

condemned the massacre of civilians by the South African regime, describing

it as an attempt by the racists to subdue the popular resistance against

apartheid. In an interview ih Harare yesterday, the PAC secretary for

foreign affairs, Comrade Gora Ebrahim, said his organization will not allow

such brutality to continue without being challenged. The racist police

murdered at least 20 blacks and injured scores of others when they opened

fire on anti-apartheid demonstrators in Soweto on Tuesday. More than 300

blacks have been killed in police reprisals since the imposition of the

state of emergency in South Africa about 10 weeks ago. [Text] [Harare

Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 29 Aug 86 MB} /9738

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57
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

RELLY SAYS MANAGEMENT FAILS TO DEVELOP BLACK SKILLS

MB290901 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0025 GMT 29 Aug 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 29 Aug (SAPA)--The degree of cooperation and integration on the shop floor was not occurring among management in the boardrooms,

Mr Gavin Relly, the chairman of Anglo American Corporation, said tonight.

In a speech prepared to introduce Mr Parry Rogers, chairman of the Institute

of Directors (UK) at a function tonight, Mr Relly said the record of cooperation in commerce and industry had been poor.

"I think we all thought it would be much easier to develop managerial skills

among black, coloured and Indian South Africans than has in fact been the

case," Mr Relly said. "Not in any way because of incompetence but more

because our environment in house and socially has been hostile. Much of

this can be traced to apartheid, but a good deal to our own shortcomings."

Without a credible manpower structure, companies would be under severe

pressure, "particularly in view of the social and political turbulence

through which we will have to navigate a course during the final years of

the twentieth century", Mr Relly said. For too long these responsibilities

had been abrogated to the state.

"We must put our own houses in order and the collective effect of this will

be a substantial force for good," Mr Relly said.

An estimated 6 million new jobs would have to be found by the year 2000. In

1985 it was estimated there were 32 million people in greater South Africa.

By the year 2000, the figure was expected to be 45 million and the urban

population would double. The potential work force was expected to grow by

roughly 18 million.

Experience elsewhere, particularly in the U.S. and the Far East, showed

that in a free enterprise economy without the many controls udner which we

labored, job creation was mostly provided by very small enterprises.

Mr Relly continued: "We must do everything possible to facilitate the

establishment and assist with the growth of these enterprises but to succeed

they will have to be led not only by entrepreneurs who see a gap in a

58
particularly market, but by directors appointed on the strength of the

expertise and experience which they can offer." This view was held in

limited circles that businesses and therefore directors should not express

political views. He was never too sure what was meant by this.

"What I do know is that the traditional view of a director being responsible

for optimising the performance and ensuring the security of a shareholders

investment is as true today as it has ever been."

Companies could not optimize profits efficiently in a society that is

"unstable, fragmented and which does not present a confident view to the

outside world." It was their duty as directors to assist in the creation

of a more conducive operating environment.

He always maintained the work environment was "a laboratory for the future.

For it is here, in the commercial and industrial milieu, that the first

cracks of the crumbling apartheid edifice first appeared,"

"It was here that it became totally apparent to all those who had not yet

grasped the fallacy of statutory separation., that our economy and indeed

the economies of our region are doomed without all our peoples working

together and mutually supporting each other in the work environment," Mr

Relly said.

/9738

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59
jPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESS ATTITUDES TOWARDS SANCTIONS, REFORM EXAMINED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 26 Aug 86 p 6

[Commentary by Stanley Uys]

[Text] T

IHE SILENCE which has descended over the business

community in SA on the

_ subject of apartheid reform is deafening, even here in

Britain. j „ . ...

Everyone understands that with

the approach of sanctions it is

every man for himself. Survival,

not deputations to President

Botha's offlee to press the case for

reform, is the name of the game

It is also accepted here that

—i——- litwjitffl nad exhausted

their powers of persuasion with

President Botha: that they saw no

point in pursuing any further the

direct representations they were

mafiing to a man who perceived

only a tenuous connection between

politics ana economics.

But thefesues that were at stake

when the business community first

wert to see President Botha are

still atstake today. A patrioticcrnSaQi? mt*%A*k i-rt Ikiaai cfitif*tinn<t is no MUDSti* iw mtsir «Htm/»««!*«* ***   ** ********

tute for political reform.

A keen eye is being kept on SAs

business community from Western

Europe these days by anti-apartheid organisations, governments,

business colleagues and so forth,

and what they perceive is not encouraging.

' In the boardrooms of SA companies, or so it seems from here,

the preoccupation these days is not

with apartheid reform, charters of

human rights or ringing declarations on the tadissoiubmty of the

SA polity, but with contingency

plans to beat sanctions — finding

new markets, opening up new incoming and outgoing routes and

recruiting friendly sanctions-busters, with their contacts, computers

and commissions, to prepare SA

for the Great Siege.

IJna way, it isthe end of a chapter,

with seasoned business leaders,

who had become wedded to the

idea of political reform, being

overtaken by a generation of more

aggressive men concerned mainly

with economic survival.

For all the contumely that has

been heaped on tne neaos ot on.

business leaders, it has been an

honourable chapter for them. In

the two years that have passed

since the outbreak of black unrest

in September 1984, businessmen,

particularly at the upper levels,

have been a purposeful force for

The SA Federated Chamber of

Industries' "Ifesmess Charter of

Social, Economic and Political

Rights" is only one example. For

conservative businessmen to go as

far as they did in that document

shows a perception of the urgency

of SA's race problem that is quite

remarKaote. ____i„

Thfe honourable record, surely,

cannot simply be abandoned now.

Survival against sanctions is a priority with"businessmen, but is it a

greater priority than negotiating a

political future?

60
The trouble with the Great Siege

is that it will generate its own

patriotism in which economic survival will take precedence over

political survival — putting the

cart before the horse. In fact, advocacy of political reform could become increasingly unpatriotic.

Botha will use the sanctions issue

to whip everyone into line who is

being impatient over reform.

There is another problem with

the Great Siege: it is short-term,

whereas what white SA needs is

long-term survival, not only

against sanctions but pre-eminently in its relationship with its own

black population.

P. _ retoria's present strategy is !

based on two huge fallacies. One is

that through the application of

maximum force — emergency

rule — it can, in the black community, eliminate the baddies and

bring in the goodies.

This "final solution" approach

was tried in 1960, after the Sharpeville disturbances, and failed; and

it was tried again in 1976, after the

Soweto uprising, and it failed

again.

It will fail for a third time, because the black struggle has

crossed a threshold from which

there is no turning back. Mass detentions will throw the struggle

into temporary otsarray, out inen

it will re-emerge in a more professional form.

Already, a term has been coined

to describe this process — the

pioiessionaiisaiion oi ine oracK

struggle. If mass protest in the

townships is suppressed, targetting

will become more selective, and

inevitably soft targets — civilians

in supermarkets, etc — will be included.

Attacks on homeland structures

and on white residential areas, industrial sabotage, armed shootouts with the security forces,trade

union action — this is the form

professionalisation will take.

The emergency, therefore, with

its saturation security covera^fe

a gamble which must necessarily

faü.

The other gamble Pretoria is

taking is to meet sanctions in full

frontal confrontation. Sanctions

are being positively invited.

The strategy is clear: it is to

bring the sanctions issue to a head

sooner rather than later — to demonstrate to the international

community now that sanctions will

not work. The longer SA delays this

confrontation (according to what

passes for expert opinion in Pretoria these days) the weaker will

be the economic base from which

to launch it.

The style of this confrontation is

pure bravado. Throughout history

nations have gone into wars inspired by glorification of the approaching conflict. Normally rational people surrender reason —

tney nreaiuasi on ciicnes, luncn va

platitudes and dine on dreams.

Then comes the reckoning.

Pretoria's politicians are on a

"high" now telling the world to go

to hell. With our stockpiles and

sanctions-busting, they say, SA can

last forever. Confrontation is being

encouraged, as if there is going to

be one glorious battle which will

decide everything.

T, _ here is not going to be any such

decisive battle. Sanctions is a war

of attrition. The intention is to

wearthe^A economy down until it

collapses with fatigue. If Pretoria

is looking for a High Noon shootout, it fe not going to get it.

Zimbabwe is also inviting escalation, so someone must have it

wrong. Who — Pretoria orHarare?

Faced with a spiral of retaliation

and counter-retaliation hi Southern Africa, will the sanctions campaigners back elf, as Pretoria

hopes they will, or will they intensify thepressures, as Harare hopes

they will?

ft is Pretoria that has miscalculated. The gamble will not come

off. ...

xse wttöie idea c* si© *BW3Rational community being overawed

by what it is unleashing hi Southern Africa and, chastened, with-

!■■ .1 ■■■I«, r* fiii»»> AuuitJAna 16 tntcnsul orawmg iron* sancuuHs, ü wmutu

thinking.

61
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T, _ here is a final point businessmen might bear in mind. One of the

original purposes of their demand

for reform was to distance business from apartheid — to persuade

increasingly socialist-minded

young blacks that apartheid was

not the handmaiden of capitalism,

or vice versa. Will this case go by

default now?

If the business community decides that the priority now is sanctions-busting, and that the case for

apartheid reform must take

second place, then it must understand that the young socialistswho

are multiplying in the townships

and the sanctions campaigners

who are multiplying overseas, will

judge them accordingly.

62
JPRS-SSA.-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S INVESTMENT IN THIRD WORLD SECTOR URGED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 24 Aug 86 p 1

[Commentary by David Carte in Carte Blanche column]

[Text] B'arend du Plessis is right. Our economic priority must be to uplift the

third world sector.

And, as he told the Businesswomen of the Year dinner

this week, we must examine the way we allocate scarce

capital resources.

For everyone's benefit, we need productive resources —

mines and factories that create jobs, goods and wealth —

not more five-star hotels and shopping centres, not more

expensive paper on the stock exchange.

No doubt substantial tax money will be rewired in the

fight against ignorance, poverty and physical insecurity.

But here's hoping that Mr du Plessis's warning of lower

living standards for the priveleged does not imply the

belief thatihepoor can be made rich only at

the expense of the wealthy.

Here's hoping that before we get to

wealth redistribution we pay attention to

wealth creation.

These days few of us are rich. Taxing the

few will not alleviate the plight of the many

poor.

White South Africans may have been the

ultimate fat eats 20 years ago — but no

longer. Outside rarefied areas, riches are

rare these days.

We need the rich and should sot castigate

or envy them. If you can get rich, you have

something to aspire to, to sweat for. The

rich consume more, creating jobs for others

L~w> ...nil A« less wen on.

The rich are also in a better position to

save, which makes capital available for

investment in productive resources that

create jobs, more wealth, etc. More often

than not, the rich undertake Investment

T

away the next generation of job creators —

the Albert Wessels, Bill Venters, Donald

Gordons, Raymond Ackermans and Sol

Kerzners of tomorrow.

Mr du Plessis should realise that the real

misallocation of capital which he discerns

in this country is largely the result of the

policies of his department and of his Government.

Capital misallocation comes from a myriad of causes — exchange and other economic controls, tax breaks for insurers but

not for savers, the mines or other businesses, not to mention the entire edifice of

grand apartheid which has distorted every

market in the land.

In the solution of today's problem, the

first world must not be forced to descend to

the third world. The third world must be

elevated to the first.

The first step in general wealth creation

is capital formation. It is up to Mr du Plessis to encourage savers to save and entrepreneurs to invest. Savers will save if their

money is not eroded by inflation and then

halved by taxation.

Entrepreneurs will invest if they see an

honest buck for the risks they take.

If he wishes to uplift the poor, instead of

milking the rich, Mr du Plessis shouldget

the industrial machine moving at capacity

oo many of the rich have left SA. The

last thing we should do now is to frighten

Why is the machine only idling? Because

consumers have been too frightened and

depressed to spend.

Remedy this with imaginative political

and economic leadership and we wftl have

made a start in uplifting the third world.

On top of that, slash taxes, reduce the

Government's role in the economy to defence, education and social welfare; sack

regulatory public servants by the thousand;

keep the rand down; curb inflation; throw

open not only CBDs but every area of trade;

privatiseandderegulate.

Then stand back and watch oar third

irorld population westernise quicker than

any social engineer could ever have imagined.

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63
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SATS-OWNED LAND TO BE OPENED FOR COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Area Immediately Available in Johannesburg

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Aug 86 p 1

[Article by James Clarke]

[Text] The Government plans to throw open large slabs of

railway-owned land — including "airspace" above railway lines — for commercial development in central

Johannesburg and in other towns and cities.

South African Transport Services (SATS) has "immediately available" in Johannesburg — for development as retail,

residential or office accommodation — an area 10 times

larger than the 2,6 ha Carlton Centre site!

The SATS' 26 ha site stretches over railway property between

End Street and Rissik Street. It excludes the scores of hectares

west of Rissik, and the station itself.'

SATS has set up a special department, named Business Development,

to work with private enterprise and local authorities to "optimise, net

maximise" its land holdings throughout South Africa.

SATS does not intend

releasing all its land at

once, a spokesman said.

"We are working.with

local authorities and private enterprise."

He said all projects

will be aimed at enhancing urban environmental

quality.

All State and semiState departments are

now having to pay rates

amd taxes on land hold

ings. Though the national'

figure for SATS will not

be known for almost a

: year, it was recently rumoured that it would not

be less than R60 million.

The administration is

now looking at ways of

deriving income, mainly

by designing potentially

high-income urban

'projects and leasing the

{space out to private en-:

plt&rise;:.. ;^;'; ■■M; ;-«

:; Some projects will oc-~

cupy airspace — the colnmn of air above railway

lines.

The SA Transport Services Act was recently

'amended to allow SATS

jto begin developing unused railway land, A1-!

I though it does not have to

apply for rezoning, the

Act does stipulate that is

must "seek agreement"

with local authorities.

Revitalisation

• Apart from the 2f> ha

now available in Johannesburg, SATS has identified well over 100 ha in

Pretoria's CBD and its

Capital Park area, and

32 000 ha elsewhere in

South Africa.

It is working on

projects to revitalise its

extensive holdings in seaside cities and, for instance, is examining innovative waterside

projects in Durban, Cape

Town, Port Elizabeth and

Saldanha Bay.

In Johannesburg it has

been holding talks with

the municipality, various

institutions and private

developers for some

months.

64
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 Septfenfcer 1986

I In a few weeks, SATS

land an unnamed PWV

! city will jointly announce

the first significant innercity development under

the new policy.

The head of the new

SATS division, Mr HJ

Loubser, told The Star.

"We are fully aware of

the potential impact of

our actions and of the responsibility which goes

with it. We will work

with private initiative

and at all times bear in

mind the interests of the

public and its local authorities."

Potential To Transform City Centers

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Aug 86 p 13

[Article by James Clarke]

[Text] The railways have suddenly

emerged as big, powerful

and, let it be said, worrisome newcomers in city

centre develop,ment

throughout South Africa.

They are suddenly capable

of transforming inner

Johannesburg, and might do

just that.

Through historical acquisition and development, SA

Transport Services (SATS)

owns vast chunks of South Afri'

ca's inner cities. Some of these

areas became derelict as development moved away from

the railway stations.

SATS, like other State and

semi-state departments, now

has to pay property rates and

taxes to local authorities and

therefore has to develop its unproductive property holdings.

SATS is also looking to develop the airspace above the

railway tracks — a process

which has had a dramatic impact in city centres overseas.

One tract of "available" airspace in central Johannesburg

between End and Rissik streets

is 26 ha in extent. That's half as

big as Newtown or 10 times the

size of Carlton Qentre's fourblock 2,63 ha site.

SATS has identified 62 ha of

land in Pretoria that can be

made available to the private

sector for development — all

within 2 km of Church Square.

There's another 72 ha at Pretoria's Capital Park.

Masterplanning is under way

on 46 ha of rundown Durban

seafront immediately south of

Addington Hospital and 40 ha

of land and waterfront at the

Esplanade Yacht Basin. Also

being investigated are large

areas in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and other cities.

Since last year SATS has

been paying globular sums on

its properties to local authorities in lieu of rates. By next

July valuations of its land, at

least in Johannesburg, should

be settled. Various figures have

been bandied about recently:

one was that the overall national figure may be R60 million a year.

SATS has set up a special

head office department in

Johannesburg called "Business

Development" to optimise its

unused properties and airspace.

Private developers in the

city centre are worried — particularly as a recent amendment to the South African

65
Transport Services Act allows

SATS to release its land for development without applying for

rezoning.

But the Act obliges SATS to

"seek agreement" with local

councils on all development.

If SATS wants to, it may develop residential apartments

on its land in Johannesburg. Indeed, that's one option it is

looking at — and that could

bring a whole new character to

the city centre.

This week I talked to the

men behind SATS business development division.

Mr H J "Fuzz" Loubser, who

heads the division which is in

Braamfontein, said: "The

amendment certainly does

open the way to exciting future

developments."

"Right now we have available in Johannesburg thousands of square metres of airspace in sites ranging in size'

from 6 000 square metres to

27 000 sq m."

"to assemble such a space

elsewhere in the city centre

could take years of negotiating

and it would mean wholesale

destruction of existing fabric."

"Naturally we are very

aware of our responsibility to

inner city environments and

we would not release all of our

available land simultaneously.

We will ensure that each development takes place in strict

accordance with a development brief and we'll ensure

that any development is to the '

advantage of citizens, private

enterprise and Transport Services."

"We're with the private sector, not against them."

Fuzz Loubser, a relaxed and

humourous 35 year-old Pretorian who commutes daily to

Johannesburg, has the distinction of running SATS's smallest

department. Its professional

staff can boast degrees in civil

engineering, a masters in business leadership, a master's in >

town and regional planning and

a degree in quantity surveying

— yet it has only two men.

Mr Loubser's assistant is 28

year old Nigel Woolfson, an articulate Natal and Pretoria

graduate who holds the last

two degrees — both cum

laude. He also has two administrative assistants.

Recently The Sunday Star

reported SATS was planning to

lease out a large piece of land

straddling the railway immediately east of Park Station for

a spectacular Eastgate-sized

retail and office complex

called The Gallery.

The project is one of the airspace projects being looked at

by SATS. Discussions with the

Johannesburg city council on

development rights are apparently nearing conclusion.

The plan is seen by some as

a serious challenge to a private

enterprise scheme to revamp

the city centre along the axis of

Etoff Street.

Fuzz Loubser's department

deals only with the leasing of

under-utilised land and airspace. Airspace will probably

only be leased "because one

cannot determine in what manner people will be transported

in future and SATS would like

to keep its options open."

The lease periods will not be

less than 25 years.

"We aim to optimise income

from our land holdings, rather

than maximise it," said Mr

Loubser.

"We see scope for a balance

between high-income and lowincome activities — of provid-

. ing the inhabitants of a city

with breathing space, a pleasant environment and perhaps

even communal facilities. In

return we insist that each

project must be economically

beneficial to all concerned,"

said Mr Woolfson.

"We recently joined Sapoa

(SA Property Owners Association) because we want to talk

with everybody — the institutions, the developers... We

want to shake off the old image

that Transport Services is unapproachable."

Fuzz Loubser said he viewed

the recession as an opportunity

rather than a problem. "The

slow down is allowing us time

to plan logically and carefully

and to develop an implementation strategy suitable to the

private sector and capable of

matching the volatility of the

property industry."

66
SATS's first venture into private enterprise property development will, said Mr Woolfson, be a relatively small inner

city project "somewhere on the

Witwatersrand".

"By starting small we will be

able to learn without big risks.

"In transport, of course, one

needs to co-ordinate so many

interests including those of the

private sector. For example we

generate major passenger traffic at various destination

points. Take Johannesburg station: it has 1200 trains passing

through daily. Large numbers

of passengers can create a re

tail atmosphere.

"Designing aesthetic retail

complexes at nodal interchanges — with maximum involvement from private enterprise — is going to be a new

challenge for us."

Over the years the old

SÄR&H administration acquired thousands of hectares of

land for future expansion

which has not yet materialised.

Much of it has become derelict

and has caused planning blight.

Mr Loubser said "We've

identified at least 32 000 ha of

surplus land so far and most of

it has been leased out. We are

now concerned with looking at

high potential urban land

which can generate income for

transport services.'

Why not sell off unwanted

land?

"One never knows what the

future holds for public transport in the inner city — but we

are in fact continually selling

land. We made R13.4 million

from sales last year. We made

almost double that — R24 million — from leases, mostly

from low-income generating

facilities.

Mr Loubser would not be

drawn on specific projects. I

asked him about the Braamfontein marshalling yards and the

possibility of erecting a slab

over them for future development — especially living accommodation.

"The engineering costs

would make the land extremely expensive. But it's a future

option."

How about SATS going for

living accommodation on

other, more accessible, inner

city land?

Nigel Woolfson: "It's an option we are interested in. We

see the west end of town as

being office-oriented and the

east as more suitable for retail,

office, hotel and residential

uses."

/13046

CSO: 3400/520

67
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

OBSERVERS OPTIMISTIC ABOUT SUCCESS OF CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICTS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Aug 86 p 23

[Article by Annabelle Gordon]

{Text] THE Johannesburg central

business district, perhaps more

than elsewhere, is a reflection

of the economy...its fortunes

mirror what is going on around

it

Today the CBD is under pressure, turnover and rentals are low,

and decentralised accommodation'

is an ever-present threat.

. Observers believe, however, that

the rush to the suburbs of the last

decade seems to have slowed. One

df the drawbacks of the move out of

the city was that people took their

«Sty problems with them — those

Who sought to get out of the concrete jungle, away from the poisonous fumes and the traffic jams,

tended to create a very similar scenario around them in the decentralised areas. They built new concrete

jungles and caused traffic jams.

Parking has become increasingly difficult to find in Parktown,

Rosebank, Sandtqn and Randburg.

As public transport is noticeably

lacking in the decentralised areas,

staff are forced to buy, use and

nark cars to commute to work.

The opening of CBDs to traders

of all races elicited predictions that

space emptied by decentralisation

would be filled by a rush of blacks

to the city centre. •

Decentralisation loses steam

Although Anglo American Property Services (Ampros) leasing director Joe Haitis confirms that a

reasonable number of deals were

done with black businessmen or

Sofessionals in the city centre,

ere has been no avalanche of applications as many of them were

there in any event. With regard to

the decentralised areas, there has

been little or no demand.

The only dissenting voice came

from one tenant in the CBD who

has been there for years — Reuel

Khosa, who runs a black management consultancy.

"I would love to be in the northern suburbs rather than here," he

says. "My clients are white, and

they are all Sandton-based."

Landmark's commercial manager Nicholas Hill experienced a

rush from black office tenants for a . month after the opening of the Johannesburg CBD, but no sustained

demand.

"While it is convenient for the

chief executive who probably lives

nearby, the solid core of business

remains in the CBD. The big insurance houses, mining houses, the aggressive commercial enterprises

need to be in town."

JH Isaacs group executive chair:

man Les Weil says: "An important

factor of decentralising company

headquarters is that they do not

require a high intensity of personnel, whereas the infrastructure of

CBDs is better able to cater for

more people.

"Thus both CBDs and suburbs

have their role in property development.

CBD authority Nigel Mandy

feels there will be a CBD resurgence.

"It makes sense. They offer

greater accessibility to the black

market. If they are opened for residential purposes as well as offices, it will help consolidate the

cities."

68
There has been a growth of available parking space in Johannesburg. There are several speculative

garage developments that have

burgeoned in the city in the last few

years. The city centre being the hub

of the radial system for buses, it is

well served by public transport for

staff usage. Companies would need

only half the parking bays they

would require if based out of the

city.

Hallis considers the northern

suburbs of Johannesburg overbuilt. "But certain of the centres are still able to take advantage

of the affluent clientele frequenting

these centres. Rentals may be

stretched at times but if the shop- >

owners can hold out they will pay

up, waiting for the good times to

make it up.

"the East Rand is not what it

was, but it isn't terrible. People are,

coming back."

Is war going to be declared? Are

developers going to slash rentals to

court new shop and office tenants,

thus aggravating the already depressed market prices? Or will the

market find its own place with

city centres and decentralised

areas serving different needs?

The CBDs appear to have the

answer for companies with large

staff.

Until new black homes are developed in the far north, the loWerSaid labour force cannot easily be

ransferred to the northern suburbs

and that will also affect many companies.

Certainly the CBD has been

smartened up in some areas. Remember when the Carlton Centre

went up in the middle of dingy motortown? There were hoots of mirth

and many found the thought ridiculous.

Now the emphasis has shifted to

Diagonal Street where changes

must take place as the highrises

overtake the slums — and nearby

Newtown is being watched for

promised development.

/13046

CSO: 3400/520

69
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

INDUSTRY URGED TO INCREASE USE OF MINERALS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Aug 86 p 14

[Article by Stan Kennedy]

[Text]

South Africa could earn tens of billions

of dollars in foreign exchange each ;

year if industrialists took up Government's challenge to further beneficiate

the country's minerals.

In addition, sanctions would not be

so easily imposed if sophisticated products were to be produced from these , minerals.

Research is currently under way at

the Council for Mineral Technology in

Randburg (Mintek) into, for example,

the production of alumina and magnesium to make the country self-sufficient in these products, both of which

have to be imported.

But there are many other areas

which can be investigated, such as

stainless steel, chromium chemicals, a

wide range of titanium and vanadium

products and gold jewellery, says Dr

Aidan Edwards, president of Mintek.

White Paper

While being a major exporter of titanium concentrates, South Africa has

to import all its titanium metal and

ferro-titanium needs.

"If we can produce just 10 percent of

the world's stainless steel — we already supply half the world's needs for

chromium to make stainless steel —

we could earn half the value of our

annual gold exports of more than

R15 billion," Dr Edwards says.

He was commenting on a White,

Paper on the Mineral Policy of SA

tabled in Parliament on Tuesday. The

report envisages the establishment of a

mineral advisory council to oversee

the best use of minerals. It also states

that other trading procedures, such as

countertrade, should be used to increase foreign trade.

Dr Edwards says: "Our mineral

wealth makes us dominant in the fields

of platinum, chromium, manganese

and vanadium to name just a few.

"We are currently improving

the value of these

products and, at

the sairie time,

producing a

larger number of

them."

Although Mintek was established for that

reason, the release of the report, which Dr

Edwards says is

not mere flag-waving but "for real",

will bring about a greater involvement

by Mintek.

"The report will certainly give a

spur to adding value to our minerals

but there will be restrictions on manpower.

"First, there is a dearth of people

wishing to enter the professions associated with the minerals industry. We

are working hard at it and are creating

a public awareness through a series of

television programmes.

70
"Secondly, we cannot rely too heavily on imported expertise. Not only are

we suffering from political criticism

but the rand is so weak and salaries

are not high. There is not much incentive for a person in Europe to come to

a country which, in his mind is blowing up and, at the same time, earn

less money."

He says in the case of Krugerrrands,

coal and iron ore exports, these are

soft targets and harm no-one overseas

because of the glut situation. Should

sanctions be imposed on the sale of.

minerals, countries would have to buy

from us if we were to increase their

value.

"They could buy the minerals elsewhere but not the sophisticated products. The alternative for them would

be to do years of research, and commit themselves to expensive capital

investment."

Mintek's brief has always been to

ensure the welfare of the minerals industry and to develop It so that new

industries spring from it.

"Sanctions are obviously playing an

important role in giving more impetus

to beneficiation.

"However, they are only incidental.

Our mineral wealth has to be exploited

to its maximum effect for the good of

the country, irrespective of sanctions.

Our projects are long-term and I believe sanctions, were they to come

about, will be short-term."

On the question of countertrade, Dr

Wim Holtes, executive director, SA

Foreign Trade Organisation (Safto),

says: "The procedures and policies

must be clearly spelt out by the government. If the government sets a

clear example of how it is going to

handle countertrade, the private sector

will follow suit.

"Safto is prepared to assist in the

process although, basically, it is a relationship between the large importers,

which are normally the state corporations, and the buyers.

"The private sector should be represented on any standing committee so

that the right exporters benefit from

this type of transaction."

Diversifying

Diversifying the supply of mineral

products will be more difficult as the

current trade is geared to the major

industrialised countries. The smaller

countries do not have the same industrial needs.

"However", says Dr Holtes, "we may

have to look for non-traditional trading

channels. Traders from new areas may

be able to achieve a greater spread of

our distribution worldwide.

"There must be many traders in Asia

and the Far and Middle East who

would grab the chance to get involved

in this type of business, which has been

denied them in the past.

"It was very much a closed shop but

there could be the opportunity for

them to act as principals, buying and

selling our products."

/13046

CSO: 3400/519

71
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

INVESTORS FAMILIARIZED WITH NEW TYPES OF GOLD PROSPECTING

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 24 Aug 86 p 4

[Article by Dave Edwards]

[Text ] TODAY'S investor may

look upon the several

opportunities for investment in gold exploration linked shares,

with some perplexity.;

Are there any ground

rules for assessing'

their potential?

Because the current upsurge in gold exploration Is

the result of increased min- j

ing profitability investors j

can be reassured that the '• purpose is to expand the industry not merely to sustain

It. South Africa has always

been in an enviable position

because of its low mining ;

costs. The free fall in the

rand against the dollar has

substantially increased mining profit margins. i

The recent rise in the dollar price of gold, which has

been remarkably stable in

recent years, is merely the

cherry on the cake.

Driller-farmers

Exploration, in general is

costly and slow. The exploration for gold within the limits

of the Witwatersrand Group

sedimentary basin is no exception. Costs are so high

that only the large mining

•houses have the required

funds.

The delimitation of a payable ore reserve needs a

comprehensive drilling pro-

§ramme to such depths that a

rill may occupy the same

site for one or two years.

Drillers and crew have been

known to sow and harvest

. several crops during a single

i ioccup'ancy.

Three targets

!

i Moreover, different conf siderations apply to different

types of exploration. For in-

? stance, three different exploration targets are discernible:

•Those which are unrelated

to known payable gold depots-The Potchefstroom Gold

Areas (PGA) involvement in

the Mooirivler and Vyfhoek

ventures in the Potchefstroom gap falls into this

category as exploration;

seeks to Identify a new gold

entry point in the basin.

Initial exploration, perhaps using seismic reflection

techniques, helps to define

areas of structural interest.

After that a drilling programme begins the search

for reef intersections.

•Targets which are the lateral extension of known goldfields. „ ' Anglo American's application for a mining lease over

its ground north-west of Joel

is a case in point as is PGA's

exploration south-west of the

main Klerksdorp goldfield.

These targets lean heavily

on results obtained from

nearby drilling or active

mining. These areas are thus,

more likely to yield results

from a relatively closespaced drilling programme.

• Targets which seek to exploit the deeper regions of

known goldfields.

Freddies involvement in

the proposed South Deep

mine, an extension of the

West Wits goldfield, is one.

These targets rely heavily

on results obtained in adjacent mining and also on the.

development of technology

both to mine them — and to

drill them. It is worth bearing in mind that although the

old Joy 50 rig is now regularly drilling to depths of 4,5

kilometres, new rigs will

have to be developed to probe

to depths of five kilometres

and beyond.

Because the time to drill a

hole increases exponentially

with its depth, new techniques and equipment are being developed by SA companies. Deep mines are

Fraught with problems, unbearably high temperatures

and rock stability being

among the most important.

Many deep mines will probably have to be completely

mechanised.

Highlights

Another important aspect

of exploration is where it is

situated. The accompanying

table, which compares historical production up to and

including 1983 between the

j seven major Witwatersrand

goldfields, highlights the

variability in average production grade.

West Wits is by far the

highest grade producer at

17,56 grams a ton and the

Welkom and Klerksdorp

goldfields vie for second

place at a much lower 11,61

and 11,37 grams a ton respectively. These figures go a

72
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MINIMUM PRODUCTION FIGURES

FOR WITWATERSRAND BASlN

1887-1983

Goldfleld

Year* of

Production

to 1983

Ton»

milled in

millions

Kgs of

gold in

millions

Average

grade In

grams/ton

West Wits

Welkom

Klerksdo'rp

Evander

East Rand

Central Rand

42

32

42

25

96

96

259

585

344

117

987

1 076

4,55

6,80

3,91

1,00

8,42

8,96

17,56

11.61

11,37

8,56

8,63

8,33

(C.R. Shallow)

(C.R. Deep)

80

96

146

930

1,58

7,38

10,35

7,93

West Rand 90 518 3,57 6,90

Total

Witwatersrand

i

96 '3 886 37,21 9,57

Sourco: Mineral Deposits of Southern Africa (1388)

lpng'way to explain the concentration of current exploration efiort in three o! the

four "youngest" goldfields!

Do not miss the fact that

the three highest average

grade goldfields are restricted to the western and southern arc of the basin.

Theory

The table also illustrates

an interesting point as far as

the Central Rand goldfield is

concerned. The deeper mines

recovered a significantly

lower grade of ore than the

shallower mines.

This is not entirely unexpected as the currently popular place theory for the origin

of the Witwatersrand goldbearing ores suggests that :

gold was deposited in sedi- ' mentary fans spreading from

specific entry points to the

basin. The heavy gold can be

expected to be concentrated

dose to the point of entry,

values falling off further

away.

Questions

There are therefore three

initial questions which the

would-be investor should ask

himself before buying exploration-linked shares.

Firstly, to which known

goldfield is it related or attached? A reply to this question will help you to establish

the historical mineable grade

nearby and the potential of

the area being explored.

Secondly, is this a lateral

extension of a known reef

(reefs) or working mine? If

the answer is yes then a new

mine can be expected to have

a similar grade, reef characteristics and therefore similar costs if a similar technology is to be used.

Thirdly, is the mine a

depth extension of known

reef (reefs) or working mine?

If it is, the potential mineable

grade must be reduced to allow for grade reduction with

depth and due allowance

must be made for the fact

that new technologies still

probably have to be developed.

It is perhaps enigmatic

that the highest grade goldfield (West Wits) most rapidly reaches depths greater

than four kilometres.

How far away is the day

that monster machines,

working around the clock in

Stygian gloom, will rip out

the guts of our primeval

Gold may have its lure, but

its procurement may yet be

more lurid stiH.

73
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HEAD SHEDS LIGHT ON MASSIVE PLATINUM RESERVES

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 24 Aug 86 p 19

[Text] THE new platinum find in South

Africa — announced dramatically

last week — will probably not be

developed this century.

This was the opinion of mining

analysts generally and the head of

the Government's geological survey

department (GSD), Dr Nok Frick,

who told FINANCE that South Africa's known platinum reserves

would last until the end of the century at current production levels.

Dr Frick revealed the potentially massive increase in SA platinum reserves, which could further

strengthen the country's already

near-monopoly on viable world

platinum Teserves, when he gave a :

talk at a Mintek function in Johannesburg.

In spite of the enthusiastic response of Mintek president Aidan

Edwards, who said he was "very

excited" about the discovery and

believed the mining houses would

clamour for the rights to participate^ Dr Frick and mining analysts dispelled potential market euphoria.

Noted mining analyst Rodney

Yaldwin of brokers Simpson,

Frater, Steyn and Strong, said: "All

it does isthatit adds to SA reserves

and we have so many platinum reserves anyway."

Commented economist Mike

Brown of brokers Davis, Borkum,

Hare "The whole thing is froth; it

probably won't be exploited this

century."

Added the former Chamber of

Mines economist "The identified

reserves of the mines operating are

sufficient to keep them going for

some time. These chaps realise that

SA holds the bulk of the world's

platinum reserves and that the

platinum market is very volatile.

"They don't want the price shooting up on rumours that SA could

withdraw platinum from the markets in a punitive counter-sanctions

measure. Nor do they want the

price overly depressed with the

news that there are excessive supplies of the metal."

Dr Frick said the deposits of potentially platinum-bearing ore had

been identified after extensive seismic studies of areas in and around

the Bushveld Igneous Complex in

the central Transvaal, which contained the famous Merensky and

UG2 platinum reefs.

These two reefs are currently

being mined by three major operations — Rustenburg Platinum, Impala Platinum and Western Platinum — and are already responsible for South Africa contributing

around 2,5 million ounces, or more

than 80 percent of the world's

annual platinum output.

According to Dr Frick, renewed

geophysical research done on the

Bushveld Complex over the past

year has now radically altered previous perceptions in the Government Geological Survey about the

size and nature of the complex

"We now know that it is far

larger than previously thought and

in parts its structure is different

As a consequence, larger areas are

now prospectable with a reasonable chance of finding additional

platinum reserves."

74
At present SA's known platinum

reserves are about 25 million kg of

the metal, says Or Frick, on the

basis of previous studies assuming

viable mining at a depth of 1km !

vertical.

The difference in the structure

of the new areas, he says, means

that platinum could exist just a

few hundred metres below the surface compared with depths of up

to 1,5km now being mined.

"In the last year we have done a

lot of seismic work which has dramatically altered our beliefs about,

the Bushveld Complex. Data have

always existed but no-one interpreted it." ,

As a result of the survey department's findings the Bushveld Complex's volume of potentially platinum-bearing ore has more than

doubled.

"The figures are almost meaningless, they are so astronomical."

The findings could also mean a

significant boost to SA's chromium

reserves — it already has more

than 90 percent of the world's reserves calculated to a conservative

lkm vertical depth — of an estimated 25 billion tons of mineable

ore. Geologically, chromite exists

hand-in-hand with platinum-bearing

ore in the Bushveld Complex.

But on whether the finding would

result in a flurry of mining-house

activity, Dr Frick was more cautious.

"SA's current reserves will last

: a century at current mining levels.

What the new find means is that

the mining houses will now do exploratory drilling' and will have

something to look forward to if and

when world demand for platinum

and chromium increases."

The news came hard on the heels

of an announcement by a new Australian company to be called

Molopo Australia — which will explore and hopefully develop a potential platinum-bearing area in

Botswana called the Molopo Farms

Complex (MFC).

Dr Frick says the MFC exists but

is probably not mineralised, judging

from the samples of ore the GSD

has studied to date. MFC may have

potential but it will take a great

deal of work to evaluate, while the

Bushveld Complex, by contrast, has

known potential.

/13046

CSO: 3400/516

75
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMICS EDITOR EXPLAINS RESERVE BANK'S ANNUAL REPORT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Aug 86 p 4

[Article by Gerald Prosalendis]

[Text] T

IHE RESERVE BANK says

in its 1986 annual economic

report that the marked

downward movement of

the economy — that accompanied the adjustment process of

eliminating excess demand that

had been allowed to arise during

the 1983/84 "mini-boom" — came

to an end in the second quarter of

1985.

"The encouraging recovery that

commenced in the third quarter of

1985 and Was confirmed in the

fourth quarter, did not, however,

build up sufficient self-sustaining

momentum to continue smoothly

through the first half of 1986.

"The recovery, In fact, faltered

in the first quarter of 1986 before

regaining some test ground in the

secondquarter.

"Present indications nevertheless are that the SA economy has

consolidated its earlier advances

andis now inthe process of moving

onto somewhat higher levels of expenditure and output," says the re-r

port.

Gross domestic output is estimated to have shown a modest

positive growth at an annualised

rate of 1,5% in the second quarterof 1986.

This followed an encouraging

advance of 2,5% in gross domestic

product in the third and fourth

Sarters of 1985 and subsequent

llback in the first quarter of 1986.

inthe four quarters to the endof

June 1986, growth in gross domestic product has averaged 1%.

Hlowever, by the middle of 1986

real gross national product was

still significantly below its level in

the second quarter of 1984.

In the second haif of 1985 and the

first half of 1986, the decline inreal

personal disposable income did

not represent "fiscal drag," but

arose from the failure of household

incomes to keep pace with the rate

of inflation.

In the four quarters to the middle of 1986, real private consumption expenditure on durable goods recovered significantly,

rising by 8%. Real expenditure on

non-dürables increased marginally by 0,5%, whereas real spending

on semi-durables and consumer

services remained essentially unchanged.

"The mild recovery in total real

private consumer spending was

not, however, spread evenly over

the four quarters concerned A

fairly marked revival in real consumer spending hi the secondquarter of 1985 was followed by an

abrupt downward adjustment in

the first quarter of 1986, which, in

turn, was somewhat more than fully reversed in the second quarter

of the year," says the report.

Real fixed capital formation,

which has been declining since

1982, continuedtodoso at an accelerating pace from the middle of

76
1985 to the end of June 1986.

The volume of gross fixed investment expenditure in agriculture declined by 21,5% in the four

quarters to mid-1986, after a decrease of 9% in the four quarters to

mid-1985.

I_h the manufacturing sector, real

fixed investment declined by 7%

(6,5%) in the four quarters to the

end of of June 1986. As a result of

the declines in new investment, the

stock of productive assets in manufacturing shrank by 2% in the four

quarters to the end of June 1986,

after having increased by 0,5% in

the four quarters to the end of June

1985.

Mining houses increased their

capital spending by only 0,5%

(13%) in the four quarters to the

endof June 1986.

Public sector investment in the

transport and communications

sector dropped by more than 17%

in the four quarters to the end of

June 1986, after rising by 15% in

the previous four quarters.

Real capital expenditure by general government departments increased, however, by 14,5% in the

four quarters to enf of June after

declining by 1,5% ui the previous

four quarters.

Real fixed investment by public

corporations declined sharply by

28% in the four quarters to the

middle of 1986, after a marginal increase of 0,5% in the previotrs four

quarters. #

Total real inventories declined

sharply in the third and fourth

quarters of 1985. However, a considerably lower rate of depletion

occurrea inthe first halfof 1986.

The gfos&domestie savingsratio

amounted to 22,5% in the second

quarter of 1986, compared with

19,5% inthe same periodin1984. It

had increased to 27,5% in the

course of the 1984/85 business contraction.

The ratio of gross domestic investment to gross domestic product declined from 23% in the first

half of 1985 to iS% in the second

hak, and to less own 18% ia the

first half of 1986.

On the capital account of the

balance of payments, the nearequilibrium between long and

short-term capital movements

that had arisen in the second quarter of 1985 was upset by unexpected new developments after the

middle of 1985.

The resultant large net outflow

of foreign capital and intensified

downward pressure on the exchange rate assumed critical proportions, but the standstill on certain foreign debt repayments and

measures of exchange control that

were put into effect did not succeed in stemming the net outflow

and downward pressure was exerted on the exchange rate.

"This pressure bore little relationship to the strength of SA's international trading position and

the realities of the economy."

In turn, the behaviour of the exchange rate assumed a pivotal position in determining the inflation

rate.

D_'eclines in net gold and other

foreign reserves of the banking

system, andslow growth in domestic bank credit, explained for a

continued decline hi the rate of

growth in the money supply that

began at the beginning of 1985.

The absence of excessive domestic demand, the lack of vigour of

the economy and the strong position of the balance of payments on

the current account justified further adjustments to both monetary

and fiscal policy.

The Reserve Bank lowered Bank

rate — the rate of rediscountitig

Treasury bills for the discount

11 times between May

1985 and August 1986. Shifts in government's spending policies sought

to encourage consumption and investment spending.

By August this year, however,

the "rear economy remained relatively subdued by a lack of confidence in the future, and this was

exacerbated by the possibile enforcementof economic sanctions.

Nonetheless, conditions have

been created that should prove

77
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CSO: 3400/516

conducive to a more vigorous upturn in private spending, and the

economy is well positioned to meet

any increase in demand.

Conditions favourable for a return to more buoyant rates of

growth in spending include:

D The relaxationofmonetary policy'

D Relatively low real interest

rst6s*

DA willingness by the authorities

to allow an acceleration of the

rates of increase in bank credit and

the money supply;

D Government's more expansionary approach to its own spending

policies;

DThe rise in market value of

various consumer-owned assets;

Some reduction in the burden of

household debt; and

D A low rand, which is discouraging imports and encouraging exports.

78
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NEW SHIPPING SERVICE TO SOUTH AMERICA—A new shipping service to Venezuela,

Colombia and the Caribbean is to be introduced next month by Unicorn Lines.

Mr Roger Barlow, general manager (foreign trade) said a regular combined

service with Lineas Agromar of Barranquilla, Colombia, would sail from SA

ports every five weeks. The first ship, Imme Oldendorf, leaves Durban on

September 14 and the service will be known as Afracaribe. Main ports of call

will be La Guaira, Puerto Cabello, Santa Domingo, Puerto Rico, Santa Marta and

Cartegena. Other ports will be included as and when cargo allows. "This

extension of the service already offered by Unicorn and Agromar will benefit

shippers by offering a regular service combined with the opportunity of

transhipment to other ports and countries in these areas." Unicorn will

market the service and Grindrod Shiping will act as port agents in SA.

[Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Aug 86 p 14] /13046

UK NATIONALIZATION REPORT DENIED—Johannesburg, Aug 25, SAPA—-The trade and

industry deputy minister, Mr Kent Durr, yesterday described as "unadulterated

rubbish" reports that South Africa was poised to nationalize British companies

in order to survive sanctions. Mr Durr was reacting to an article in London's

DAILY EXPRESS that the South African Government intended to take over British

investments of about R22 billion in more than 50 companies. It said such

action would follow any decision by the European Community (EC) in October

to impose sanctions. "South Africa has always been a good and safe investment for British investors and things will remain that way. This is just

part of the wicked disinformation that this country has been subjected to

for years. British investors are used to it," Mr Durr said. He said the

report was such "utter lunacy" that he did not wish to comment on its

details and added: "It has never crossed the minds of anyone near government." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0856 GMT 25 Aug 86 MB] /6091

CITRUS EXPORTS DOUBLED—Nelspruit - Citrus exports through Maputo harbour have

more than doubled during the past 12 months according to figures released by

the Lowveld Liaison Committee. Formed two years ago, the object of the

Lowveld Liaison Committee is to promote tourism, civil aviation and business

between the Lowveld and Mozambique. Mrs Trudie Schwarts, public relations

officer for the liaison committee, said last year

t

s exports from the Lowveld

were two million cartons. "This season is still in progress and already we

have exported more than five million cartons of citrus via Maputo," she said.

A Liverpool shipping company is assisting with harbour improvements. Mrs

Schwarts said the liaison committee had planned a seminar during October to

advise Lowveld exporters of the benefits of using Maputo harbour. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 8M] /13046

CSO: 3400/520

79
PEACE MOVEMENTS AMONG MIDDLE CLASSES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Aug 86 p 3

[Article by Sara Martin]

[Text ] There has been a marked increase in formal attempts by

middle-class South Africans

tö bridge the gap between

racial and political groups.

All these attempts share the

goal of finding peaceful solutions to the country's problems.

The "Let South Africa Speak"

campaign, spearheaded by Cape

Town businessmen, is now in its

third stage.

The movement aims at giving

the silent majority of all races a

united voice and a non-violent

action plan.

Its manifesto encourages all

South Africans to tie yellow ribbons to their Shopping bags,-

handbags or briefcases and to

Wear yellow oh Mondays and

Fridays.

Campaign stickers should also

be displayed on front and back

of windscreens, on windows and

on notice boards.

A return visit by an American

psychologist and educator, Dr

Carl Rogers, has been planned,

Workshops enable people

from all walks of life and from

different groups to hear and be

heard.

The workshops which formed

part of the two earlier stages of

the campaign were successful.

Women for South Africa was

launched a few weeks ago by

women who felt something had

to be done about distrust between the race groups.

They began by asking all

South Africans to say a prayer

at 6.30 am each day.

They received so many calls

from concerned women that

they decided to form a "link"

group to work with other organisations to get down to "grass

roots" and start solving problems.

The Women for Peace group

has recently sent out a questionnaire to all residents of Daveyton, Alexandra and Soweto to

find out how the residents feel

: about what is going on in the

townships.

The results of the survey will

be known at the end of August.

Their Transvaal Rural Action

Committee (TRAC) is continuing

its work to help communities

under the threat of removal.

/13046

CSO: 3400/506

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

80
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

WHITE PARENTS URGED TO BECOME AWARE OF TOWNSHIP REALITIES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 13

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text] parents, and their children at

private (white) schools, must

make themselves familiar with

the "suffering" of children in

the townships and should strive ,

to bring about a "new, just and

nonracial society".

This call is contained in a

lengthy statement by the recently formed multiracial Private Schools' Steering Committee (PSSC) as it added its voice

to the growing clamour for the

removal of security forces .

from black schools.

The PSSC comprises parents

and teachers of pupils attend- ),

ing private schools.

. The problems faced by town*

ship children were ultimately

the problems of all South Africans and it was irresponsible oi

those not immediately affected

by those happenings to proceed

as if the country were normal.

"Indeed," said the PSSC, "we

will not solve the problems of

the education of black children

unless South Africans strive on

a broad front for a nonracial

democratic society in which all

our people have the chance to

fulfil their aspirations."

There were issues which the

"privileged members of society" had to be made aware

of:

•Even in comparatively

peaceful times children had to

struggle to get places in the

schools.

•Economic circumstances and

lack of places in schools often

led black children to begin

school at the age of nine or

10 years. That made a mockery of the "educational" considerations which had led the

Department of Education and

Training to impose upper

limits on the ages of students.

•The inadequacy of the opportunities for learning in DET

schools, which arose from the

frustration of students with the

basic grounding in elementary

skills and the Inability of poorly qualified teachers to meet

the intellectual needs of students in the upper standards.

"Parents and children who

. enjoy the sanctuary of private

schools need to know about

these things. They need to

speak out about the actions of

the security forces who regularly assault students with

sjamboks, rubber bullets, birdshot and fierce police dogs.

"They need to strive along'

with the victims of this oppression to redress this situation," the committee said.

It was alarmed at the rapidly deteriorating situation re-'

garding public education in the

townships.,

l "Because of the state of

t emergency and the attitude of

the Department of Education

and Training, the National

Education Crisis Committee

and other organisations concerned with the education of

the people have not been able

to function so as to try to redress the problems which exist.

"We are alarmed that since

the declaration of the emergency, the security forces have

made school premises their

1 new operational areas. The

presence of police or troops on

school campuses makes it impossible for education to proceed in any kind of normal

fashion," the PSSC says.

Because of the demand by

the DET that students carry

identity cards, there were now

about 300000 children out of

school with no hope of returning during the rest of the year. ,

"This situation has the most

serious implications for the future of education in our country. It is totally unacceptable

that children should carry

these documents, or that they

should be out of school.

"We also view with alarm

the failure of the DET to consult parents or the NECC over

the presence of security forces

or about identity documents."

/13046

CSO: 3400/507

81
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 198o

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY REPLIES TO KASSEBAUM ON RSA 'INTRANSIGENCE'

MB290953 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 29 Aug 86

[Station commentary: "Reform in South Africa"]

[Text] A myth that is increasingly being presented as a fact is that the

South African Government is intransigent and is refusing to move ahead with

peaceful political change. Most recently this claim was made by Nancy

Kassebaum, a U.S. senator, after she had been in South Africa for less than

24 hours.

Had she studied the record, Senator Kassebaum would have found, as others

have, that there has been more political change and reform in South Africa

in the past 5 years than in the previous 50 years. Unrest conditions and a

depressed economy have adversely affected the pace of reform but this is

a natural pnenomenon, as attested to by President Ronald Reagan.

Senator Kassebaum, like others, has called for the release of Mr Nelson

Mandela, even though Mr Mandela has said he would not give a commitment to

work for peaceful change. Even as Senator Kassebaum was making her unwarranted allegation of intransigence, moves were being announced to expand

and extend consensus politics in the tricameral parliament. So successful

has consensus politics been that in the past 2 years, white, colored, and

Indian members of parliament have reached agreement on and passed no fewer

than 200 bills through the tricameral parliament. On only 4 bills consensus was not reached.

The door is now wide open for participation by black South African in

consensus politics, but clearly, participation by black leaders committed

to violence must be ruled out. Another obstacle to full participation by

black communities has been highlighted by Dr Oscar Dhlomo, the minister of

education for the Zulu nation, the largest nation in South Africa. He said

that the widening disunity among black political organizations and their

failure to cooperate is to blame for the delay in attaining racial reconciliation and political coexistence in South Africa.

Intransigence is certainly a factor in South African politics but equally

certainly, it is not a charge that can be laid at the door of the South

African Government.

/9738

CSO: 3400/513

82
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP WITHDRAWS PARLIAMENTARY WHIP COOPERATION

MB281448 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1443 GMT 28 Aug 86

[Text ] Cape Town, 28 Aug (SAPA)—Official opposition speakers would no

longer speak on agreed measures or make themselves available for ministers

in debate, the official opposition in the House of Assembly's chief whip,

Mr Brian Bamford, said today. At a press conference he explained what

withdrawal of the cooperation of the official opposition ships would mean

in practice. The PFP Progressive Federal Party had announced such a

withdrawal during a debate on sitting hours in the House of Assembly

minutes before.

"We will no longer speak on agreed measures and limit our speakers," he

said. If the government countered this by filibustering, the PFP would

absent themselves.

The intention was to get through the house's agenda, "and away from this

place" as soon as possible as an ultimate protest against the treatment

received from the government. Mr Bamford said it was the only occasion

in his time, and he believed ever, that a party had withdrawn the cooperation of its whips; The main features of whip cooperation in the house

were formal daily and weekly meetings with the government whips and the

leader of the house respectively. The PFP would no longer attend these,

Mr Bamford said.

Whips had come to play a more crucial role in the new tricameral parliament

particularly to meet the convenience of ministers who had to speak in the

various houses. "As administrative officials their functions have expanded

over the past 18 months and those functions are now also out. Our speakers

will not be available for ministers," he said.

There would also be no further informal chit-chat, coffee-*irinking

sessions with government whips and the leader of the house, Mr Hendrik

Schoeman said.

It was practice that there was an exchange of information via the whips

as to the attitude towards particular bills, opposition to measures or

amendments. "This too will not take place for the rest of the sitting,"

Mr Bamford said.

83
The opposition's strategy had already begun with the unusual withdrawal

of Mr Schwarz, their finance speaker, from the debate on the South African

mint and coinage amendment bill, the first order of the day today.

"In our view the present sitting is a farce," Mr Bamford said. If the

party was not going to be allowed to debate crucial issues such as unrest

in Soweto, it was not prepared to spend hours and days on unimportant matters.

None of the matters before parliament were of great importance, although

all matters that came before parliament were important.

"We will be accused of dereliction of duty and we will continue with

engine room of parliament and the one plus factor of a constitution which we

opposed. There we will remain and put in as much as we can," Mr Bamford

said.

The protest strategy would be continued for the rest of the session but

cooperation would be resumed next year. "By then the point would have

been made and the strength of our feelings on the issue would have been

appreciated," he said0

The leader of the opposition, Mr Colin Eglin, also spoke and said the

official opposition would not help the government to "artificially extend

the parliamentary session." If the party opposed a bill, one PEP speaker

would state their opposition. "If we do not oppose a bill then we will

not have a speaker but if National Party speakers filibuster in a debate,

we will not be present," he said in reply to a question.

Answering questions, Mr Bamford said he would continue to have informal

discussions with whips of other parties, in spite of the PFP's withdrawal

of cooperation with the government. He had met the whips of the other

opposition parties earlier today to explain the PFP caucuss strategy and

although he did not know what their response would be or whether they

would join in, he understood they supported the move.

Asked if the PFP would reconsider its strategy if its request for a special

debate on the Soweto unrest was granted next week, Mr Eglin said the party

would review its attitude if the situation in parliament changed. Instead

of stopping Wednesday night sittings, which weee specified in the joint

rules and orders of parliament after the 19th sitting day, these periods

should be set aside for special debates, he said.

/9738

CSO: 34Q0/515

84
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ECC DECRIES TIGHTENING OF DEFENSE ACT

MB280602 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2357 GMT 28 Aug 86

[Text ] Johannesburg, 28 Aug (SAPA)—The proposed amendment to the Defense

Act tightening up the definition of religious objection was a further

erosion of the right to object to military service, the End Conscription

Campaign (ECC) claimed today.

"The period of alternative serivce for religious objectors—and the jail

sentence for non-religious objectors—has now been set at six years,"

the ECC said in a statement to SAPA.

"Furthermore, religious objectors who do not accept the idea of a single

deity (such as many Budhists) will now also be liable for six years

imprisonment."

The statement said that a year ago ECC presented evidence to the government's

Geldenhuys committee of inquiry which examined, among other things, the

system of conscription. "We called for alternative service to be extended

to all those who, for moral, political or religious reasons, felt they

were unable to service in the SADF. We also called for this service to be

equal to the duration of military service and for such service to be

allowed in non-government organizations," said the statement.

"These recommendations were not accepted by the Geldenhuys committee. Now

it seems that the right to freedom of conscience has been further curtailed.

"It is of concern to the ECC that these added restrictions come at a time

when a number of conscripts were applying to the board for religious

objection0 In the 2% years of the board's existence a total of 1059

people have applied to be granted status as non-combatants, non-militarists

or non-uniform wearers.

"Already 15 conscientious objectors have been refused—meaning that they

face the prospect of a possible 6 years imprisonment. The proposed

amendment to the Defense Act will now make it even mote difficult for many

objectors to apply to the board," the statement said.

/9738

CSO: 3400/515

85
JHß-SSMK-OM

23 September W»0

SOUTH AFRICA

SACC CLAIMS SOWETO DEATH TOLL HIGHER THAN OFFICIAL COUNT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 13

[Text]

The SA Council of Churches said last night it

had information indicating the number of

deaths and injuries in the Soweto unrest

were higher than the official figures.

In a statement issued in Johannesburg, the

general secretary of the SACC, Dr C F Beyers

Naude expressed shock at the Soweto council

evicting people in arrears with their, rent and

said the rents issue had become a political timebomb.

He appealed to the Soweto council to meet

elected community leaders to resolve the problem.

"How many more people will first have to die

before this madness ends ?" Dr Naude asked.

The statement said: "We are appalled at the

events in Soweto on Tuesday night where 11 people were stated to be killed and 63 people believed to be wounded.

"Our information indicates that both the number of dead and wounded is higher than these

figures but even if this were not the case, we are

deeply shocked at the action of the Soweto council in evicting families who are in arrears with

the payment of their rents.

"It should be realised that the issue of rents is

no longer an economic one as far as the inhabitants of Soweto and other townships are concerned.

"It has become a political time-bomb which

could soon explode in Soweto and other townships throughout South Africa if not wisely handled.

Set an example

"It seems pointless to appeal to the Government to stop the evictions and start talking to

the credible community leaders but surely the

Soweto council could set the example of meeting

with the leaders elected by the community to

resolve this problem. How many more people

will first have to die before this madness ends ?"

The Azanian People's Organisation (Azapo)

said yesterday it was naive of the Government to

think that black people did not know that the

loans raised for the construction of the low-cost

houses had been paid for decades ago through the

system of rentals.

The organisation issued a statement attacking

the rental system in the townships and the role

played by black councillors in running them.

"It is thus a rip-off and therefore an insult to

demand of black people to continue paying everincreasing rentals.

"Despite present government policy of re-arrangement, the locations and townships black

people live in are still intended to service white

cities and towns. In fact they are labour resevoirs," the spokesman said.

"It is therefore not unreasonable to demand

that the Government channels substantial subsidies in the direction of these townships and locations, rather than use them as generators of revenue," Azapo said.

Inhospitable areas

It was the legacy of the infamous Group Areas

Act that black people had to live, not only in

completely inhospitable areas with the attendant

health hazards, but also far away from their

work places.

The insurmountable finacial problems these

situations imposed, were obvious. Yet black people were expected to submit without question to

the "rental fraud".

"This situation is further exacerbated by the

fact that by comparing white and black rates or

tariffs in the areas of electricity, refuse and

other related services it is revealed that blacks

pay. infinitely more than whites."

SA members of the executive committee of the

International Federation of Journalists have released a statement in Johannesburg condemning

the latest incident in Soweto.

86
"This is further aggravated by the fact that the

media in the country is presently (under) the

most severe restrictions," the organisation said

in a statement released in Johannesburg by a

member of its executive committee based in the

country.

Thami Mazwai, a Johannesburg-based journalist, who is also vice-president for Africa of the

IFJ, released the statement yesterday in conjunction with the general secretary, Hans Larsen.

"At least six journalists are still In detention,

foreign correspondents have been expelled and

newspapers can report very little on the situation in the country.

"Those journalists not in detention are also

hamstrung by legislation that prevents them

from doing their work properly.

"The IFJ calls upon the

South African Government to

remove all restrictions on the

• Press, to release detained journalists and other political ac-

! tivists and community workers, to release those sentenced

for their opposition to Government, unban the African National Congress, Pan African

Congress and other banned organisations and start negotia-

, tions with leaders accepted by

the majority of black South

; Africans.

"These are only the initial

steps to bring normality to the

country," the statement said.

/13046

CSO: 3400/509

87
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

OPTIMISM FOR 'GREY' AREAS SEEN AMONG ESTATE AGENTS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Aug 86 p 5

[Text] Deputy Minister of Constitutional Development and Planning Mr Piet Badenhorst

created even more confusion among Johannesburg estate agents — already grappling

with the intricacies of the Group Areas Act

— when he hinted at "micro" group areas

that could consist of a single block of flats or

a street in a specific suburb.

But in a survey conducted by The Star aniong

more than 20 estate agents operating in so-called

"grey areas", the atmosphere was one of optimism.

One legal expert described the present fluid

state of affairs as "the greatest penetration of In-

: dian and coloured people into white suburbs in

the history of this country".

Only one estate agent could,

howevers recall an instance

where a prospective client who

was not white, had actually obtained the necessary permission

to buy property in a white area.

Mr Hardy Venter of Mayfair

West runs a family business

founded by his father in 1942.

He sold a block of flats to a

Japanese businessman a few

years ago.

That was the only transaction

he could remember where a client who was at the time not officially classified as being

,'iwhite" had obtained official

permission to buy property in a

white area.

"General conservatism in the

average white suburb is still

hard to overcome," he said.

"As soon as word is out that

coloured or Indian people had

moved into an area, there is a

slump in the white market."

EXEMPTION

Mrs M Nielsön of J Leshnick

and Son in Jeppestown said:

"When we get applications

from Indians and coloureds we

tell them the Group Areas Act

does not allow it, but I know

they are creeping in."

Mr V Ohanneffian of Crane

Real Estate in Hillbrow said he

had never come across anyone

who had been been given exemption, in terms of the Group

Areas Act, to reside in a white

area.

•A few thousand people are expected to attend today's meeting

at the Hennops River Primary

School sports fields to hear details of the new "Norweto"

township south of Verwoerdburg.

/13046

CSO: 3400/507

88
POTCHEFSTROOM SYMPOSIUM DISCUSSES SWAPO IDEOLOGY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Aug 86 p 7

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 19»o

SOUTH AFRICA

I Text] jt seemed a "gross inaccuracy"

to view Swapo merely as an extension of Soviet foreign policy

in Africa, Mr Andre du Pisani,

political scientist at the University of South Africa, said in Potchefstroom today.

He told a symposium on resistance movements: "Swapo has

to be fully understood within a

particular historical and politi- ,

cal context that goes back to

German colonial times."

Mr du Pisani said there was

no denying the effect of Marxism-Leninism on Swapo's politi-1

cal and economic thinking, but j

to view this influence as a domi-;

nant ideology was an oversimplification.

"Personally I do sot believe

that Swapo has one, coherent,

dominant ideology. The status of

Marxism-Leninism seems to be

largely symbolic to Swapo."

According to Mr du Pisani,

Swapo projected the ideals and

the associated image of a decolonisation and an independence

movement "much more persuasively and forcefully than any of

the other groupings?'

"While Swapo's military

actions have been effectively

contained inside Namibia, its

potential political influence has

not been directly affected by

successful South African counter-insurgency."

Swapo remained a major political force in Namibian politics, Mr du Pisani said.

Delivering a paper on the Mozambican Resistance Movement

(MNR), Professor EAM Thomashausen, Professor of Law at

Unisa, said it wooW be a mistake to regard the MNR as the

cause of Mozambique's misery.

"The truth is that the MNR

became an authentic reflection

of the grievances and the despair of the Mozambican population, whose most basic needs

and rights have been denied by

Frelimo to ah Hnjw^'<>'vi«>n4«>«<

extent in Mozambique's history.

"The failure of the MarxistLeninist revolution in Mozambique is shown in the de facto support of the population for MNR

as a real and ideological alternative."

/13046

CSO: 3400/504

89
POTCHEFSTROOM SYMPOSIUM: SPLIT IN ANC UNLIKELY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 22 Aug 86 p 7

[Article by Hannes de Wet]

[Text] Hopes of a split between the communists and the

nationalists in the ANC were based on false assumptions, a symposium on resistance movements was

told at Potchefstroom University today.

Dr J F Kirsten, of the university's Institute for Political and Africa Studies, said: "The supporters of thei

Wack power philosophy within the ANC is also set on

violence as the only way to create a new South Africa. It is improbable that this faction will leave the:

ANC for an uncertain internal negotiating position."

HISTORY OF CO-OPERATION

Dr Kirsten listed three main reasons why a split

between the communists and the nationalists in the

ANC was improbable:

•The long history of good co-operation between the

ANC and the South African Communist Party (SACP).

•The apparent conviction on the part of the nationalists that a SACP/Soviet alliance held no real danger for them in the future, and the fact that the Soviets were their main source of weapons.

•If the nationalists did break away from the ANC,

their internal credibility would be irreparably damaged.

Dr Kirsten said it was impossible to declare unequivocally that the ANC was being controlled and

manipulated by the SACP. The central question was

not whether all members of the ANC's executive

committee were communists, but who were using

who in the political power game.

"Is even this question still relevant if all the indications are that 23 out of the 30 executive committee

members are either recognised members or active

supporters of the SACP?" asked Dr Kirsten.

/13046

CSO: 3400/504

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

90
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PSYCHIATRIST DESCRIBES FUTURE TRAUMA FOR FORMER DETAINEES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Aug 86 p 7

[Article by Thelma Tuch]

[Text] FORMER detainees may not immediately feel the negative psychological

effects of their detention and may only

begin to suffer from them ap to 10 years

after their release, says a top Natal,

psychiatrist, Professor Mike Simpson.

He told a weekend seminar at Wits of

law students councils of the Universities of Witwatersrand and Natal that a

study done by Dr Paul Davis on 21

former detainees showed they all displayed signs of Post Traumatic Stress ;

Syndrome (PTSS) — a common reaction

to serious stress observed in war veter- /

ans, victims of terrorism, crime or

natural disasters.

Findings of several Durban psychiatrists, who had seen a "considerable"

that.

Simpson, a former professor of psychiatry at the Royal Free Hospital

Medical School in London and at Pnila-:

delphia University, said its symptoms i

include sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and nightmares, sexual diserA**m HAnrAsotnn and n deterioration in

norennnf relationships.

Modern interrogation techniques

were such mat there was no need for

interrogators to leav« physical signs on

the bodies of detainees. For that reason

the absence of those signs did not confirm or disprove any allegations made

oy ociöineCs »ooui inctr treaisicm.

Qlmnenn said the rnmmnnlv alleged

torture of electric shocks during Interrogation was "exquisitely painful" and

left relatively few marks on the body.

But he was sceptical of the validity of

statements made by detaaees and presented as eviuence m ine courts, ne »am

the process, of prolonged interrogation

could lead tö a

7

'mutuaÜy delusionary"

relationship between Interrogator and

detainee. . .,:<.\.- {>. -

toterrogatlen tactic^ were stressful

to the parties.concerned, both of whom

might successfully convince each other

of the truth of the statement.

People subjected .tin. Interrogation

may tell the interrogator what he (the

Interrogator) wanted, expected or had

already told him.,

Simpson said: *^Wbat is or isn't true

may be unknowable by both parties at a

certain stage of the interrogation."

Former detainees should be made

aware that their stress symptoms were

the "normal" reacttonsof "normal"

ppoptpto A hiffhly flhoormft* sttofttioii*

Many detainees felt guilty about giving away information. Their relatives

should place no expectations on them

after their release and allow them to

express anger, fear or frustration.

Simpson said many former detainees,

who at the time they were released felt

Tine% mtgnt only feet tue euecis or

their detention two, four and, in some

cases, 10 years after the event.

He sai&^wegobythe PTSSexperlence of Vietnam veterans K is dear that

certainsymptoms—linked to their war

experience — did not develop for years

&fterw&rds "

Research had indicated that an effective way to deal with PTSS was by

setting up "rap groups" where people

who had suffered similar experiences

could discuss them.

/13046

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91
SURVEY: NATIONS EXECUTIVES HIT HARD BY RECESSION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Aug 86 p 13

[Article by Michael Chester]

[Text]

High taxation and relentless inflation have pushed South African bosses to the bottom of the

ladder in comparisons of executive pay packets in the Western business world, according

to a special survey released

today.

P-E Corporate Services

warned that the findings have

added new impetus to threats

of a brain drain from executive

suites in industry and commerce.

Moreover, the purchasing

power of the disposable in*

comes of SA executives was

now shrinking for the fifth year

in succession, added Miss Jane

Ashburner, head of the remuneration division, which monitors international pay trends

and compiled the new survey.

The average salaries of executives at all levels and in all

sizes of companies were now

trailing way behind the incomes of their counterparts

overseas.

The slide in living standards

caused by the failure of pay

packets to keep pace with soaring inflation, worsened by

heavy tax bills, is also almost

certain to be reflected in a nationwide survey of pay trends

among rank-and-file workers

which is likely to be released in

the next few days.

But executives have been

among the worst hit, according

to Miss Ashburner, because of

the additional burdens of skyhigh marginal tax rates carried

by top income earners — plus

the special taxation on perks

that started last year.

"Trends are bound to have a

significant impact on emigration, especially because of the

mobility of many executives

and the big temptations of low

inflation and low taxation in

more and more overseas countries," she said.

"And prospects for 1987 look

good throughout the northern

hemisphere, with the United

States poised to take the lead

with still more,tax cuts."

She believes the sharpest indication of the downward drift

of the quality of living of SA

executives is evidence that the

proportion of the salaries left

over as disposable income for

.the average marketing director, for instance, after all essentials have been covered, has

plunged from 40 percent five

years ago to 15 percent at best.

"The days of wine and roses

in the executive suite have

vanished," she said. "South

Africa has now tost the attractions it used to have for migrating businessmen."

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

92
In 1981 the managing director of the average large manufacturing company, as an example, was better off in terms1

of the purchasing power of his.

disposable income than his1

counterparts in all the main

Western countries apart from

the United States.

Even a year ago he was better off than his counterparts in

Britain, Belgium or Australia

in the cash left over for luxuries and entertainment.

Today, however, his equal

number in Britain has more

than double his disposable income.

The gap yawns open to its

widest in comparisons with the

US (380 percent more spendingpower on non-essentials),

France (460 percent more) and

West Germany, whose counterparts have more than five

times the amount of disposable

income.

"The earnings of South African executives, measured in

real terms and allowing for a

crippling rate of inflation and

worsening taxation, have actually shrunk for four years on

the run and look certain to

shrink still more in the next 12

months", said Miss Ashburner.

"In dramatic contrast, real

earnings in the northern hemisphere have increased by as

much as 20 percent in the past

year alone.

"The only consolation for

South Africans is that Australians are not much better off,

which makes Australia a much

less attractive proposition for

potential emigrants than either

North America or Europe.

"By the yardstick of disposable income, France, with low

taxation, and West Germany,

where inflation is now below

zero, are by the far the best

prospects — even ahead of the

US."

South Africa was also found

to be faring badly in comparisons of the actual purchasing

power of salaries, taking into

account the cost of items that

ranged from fashion clothes

and restaurant bills to household appliances and passenger

cars.

Among the seven overseas

countries in the survey, only

the United States showed

higher prices — 30 percent

higher than in South Africa.

Elsewhere, prices on the

: measurement of purchasing

power were cheaper by 8 percent in Britain, 9 percent in

Australia, 19 percent in France,

25 percent in the Netherlands,

32 percent in Belgium and by

as much äs 33 percent in West

Germany.

The gaps look likely to in-

- crease. Inflation, running at'

16,9 percent in South Africa

when the comparisons were

made in June, was next worst

in Australia, where it was

found to be 9,2 percent.

The current inflation rates

elsewhere: Britain 2,8 percent,

France 2,3 percent, the US

1,6 percent, Belgium 14 percent. West Germany has been

forced into reverse with prices

actually falling.

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93
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PROPOSED MULTIRACIAL COLLEGE ENCOUNTERS OPPOSITION

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Metro) in English 24 Aug 86 p

[Article by Ann Palmer]

[Text] A COUNTRY village Is In an

uproar over the proposed establishment of a multiracial

senior college.

At a stormy meeting held in the

village hall last week, about 250

residents of Henley-on-Klip, south

: of Johannesburg, met to air their

feelings about the planned college

in an obsolete Escom training centre.

While some of residents said they

agreed with the principle behind

the establishment of the school,

they were determined: "Not in Henky-on-Klip."

Release

However, others at the meeting

were clearly in favour of the college.

In a Press release sent out by the

board of trustees for the new

school, it was described as a preuniversity college which wouldcater for "hifhly motivated and capableybungsters of all ages".

the pupils would fall into the 16-

19 age group and only the "best students from all over South Africa"

would be selected. The fees

— R8 000 a year — would

be sponsored by the private sector.

This is one of several similar projects, heavily supported by big business, which are

being started round the country.

The New Era Schools

Trust (Nest) is looking for

sites on the Witwatersrand

and in the Western and Eastern Cape areas for a string of

multiracial schools.

The trust's first school is

due to be opened in Tongaat

in Natal in January.

The chairman of the Henley-on-Klip meeting and a

resident who lives opposite

the training centre in Regatta Road, Mr Brian Edwards,

told the meeting that this was

"just the start" if the proposed school went ahead.

Aware

Earlier, Mr Edwards, a

British immigrant, said in an

' interview that he was wor- :

j-ied about the "risk".

"We have been watching

the media over the past three <

years and are aware of what '

is going on.

"The price of our properties is bound to drop. H you

think of the resale value of

our homes, no one in his right

mind would buy a house that

is opposite a black school. I

certainly wouldn't."

Addressing the meeting, he

said: "We have been told —

and the trustees haven't hid-

' den the fact — that the school

is going to be 90 pereent

black.

"While you might point out

that when Escom was using

the training centre it was

multiracial, I can teil you,

having lived opposite for

manyyears, that the percentage of blacks was low — in

fact, you could hardly notice

them."

Mr Edwards said he felt

that residents had been given

the impression by the trustees of the school that the deal

had been signed, sealed and

delivered.

"The feelings of the people

in the area round the training

I centre are definitely against

; the proposed school and we

don't want it forced on us. In 1 fact, I have collected 300 signatures of people who don't

want the school."

The communications manager at Escom, Mr Ewald

Thal, told the meeting that no

deal had been completed.

He said it was important to

point' out that Escom was in

the power business and not in

the business of establishing

schools.

"Escom will not force a

deal down the throats of unwilling residents. However,

in principle, Escom supports

the establishment of such a

school."

The reason for this support

was that the country was facing a critical shortage of

skilled labour.

"While we continue to

build and develop larger

businesses, we need the

skilled manpower to run it,

and with the present situation we can no longer draw

on labour from overseas.

"We have a vast reservoir

of potential talent to draw on

from the black people, who

also have feelings for Sooth

Africa."

Mr Edwards said at the

end of his address: "I am not

a racist, but don't dump 250

blacks on us."

94
Bridges

Mr Bill Barnes, a member I

of the village's vigilance,:

committee, said that when he : was first approached about

the school at a meeting on ,

July 16 he had disapproved. (

Another resident, Mr Peter ' Townsend, said he was op- t

posed to the establishment of S

the school in Henley. j

"It is a jolly good idea and ;

if it was built elsewhere in

striking distance of me I

would support it.

"It is not a racial issue. We i

wouldn't want 200 Wits stu- 7

dents in our area."

Resident Heine Erlich

said: "We need to keep our j white area white. We have no

desire to go to school in So- I

weto so why should they want i

to come here?"

An Afrikaans resident, Mr

Johan Coetzee, pointed ©ut

that not all present at the , meeting were opposed to the

establishment of the school.

"I, for one, am not."

After the meeting, Mr Pe- j

ter Townsend said that he '

and his wife should not be

seen as racists as they had ' black friends whom they invited to dinner.

Mr Thai said he would go

back to senior management

at Escom and advise it of the

situation.

"I will also advise the

trustees that they need to

conduct an objective opinion

poll among the residents."

A retired couple who live

opposite the site of the proposed college, Mr Ken Hosken and his wife Helen, said

they objected to the location .

of the college.

"In the area that would be

affected there are mainly

old-age pensioners, and quite

honestly we are worried

about the security aspect and

whether the prices of our

homes will drop," Mr Hosken

said.

The chairman of the proposed college board of trustees, Mr Barry Adams, told

the Sunday Times Metro that

he felt villagers' reaction

was premature as everything

was still in the planning

"Nothing has been signed.

The trustees still have to inspect the facilities at the

training centre to see if they

are what we require."

Apolitical

He pointed that the proposed college would be

apolitical, and to ensure that

this was the case none of the

board was involved in politics.

In a letter to the residents

of 'Henley-qn-Klip sent out

last Thursday, Mr Adams

said: "The design and siting

of the training centre make it

suitable for a traditional

school, and Escom feels that

it could be used for a preuniversity or senior college.

"It was decided that some

of the members of the trust

would visit residents in close

proximity to the college to

explain its plans and gauge

their feelings about such a

college."

Boarders

He said the senior-college

concept was new to South

Africa but took its approach

from successful sixth-form

colleges in Britain.

"Students are selected

after they complete Std 8.

The aim is to prepare high

achievers for tertiary education."

The intention was to open

early next year with 80 students, all boarders. They

would be in Std 9 and some in

the post-matric class.

"The college would reach

its maximum enrolment —

200 — in its second year," Mr

Adams said.

The chairman of the proposed Nest school in Tongaat,

Mr Brice Biggs, said they had

not encountered the same

problems in Tongaat, and

they would be opening their

first school at the beginning

of next year.

"In fact, the reaction towards the multiracial school

has been positive."

/13046

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95
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESS GIVES NOD TO 'BLACK HOLIDAYS'

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Aug 86 p 13

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text] Many employers were becoming more flexible towards demands for a new "black calendar" of public holidays, a labour conference was told yesterday.

Speaking at an Institute for

Personnel Management conference on Industrial relations in

Sandton yesterday, Dr Jon

Lewis, managing editor of the

SA Labour Bulletin, said research had shown that many.

employers responded In a more

sophisticated manner to demands for June 16 as a paid

public holiday than they had to

demands for a May Day holiday.

FLEXIBLE RESPONSE

Most companies were inflexible to demands for a May Day

holiday with a rigid no work,

no pay policy.

Dr Lewis said information

fathered by the Labour Monitoring Group about Jane 16 Indicated a more varied and flexible response from employers.

About 60 percent of companies approached by their

workers for a paid holiday on

that day had negotiated about

the issue.

Of those who agreed to negotiate 75 percent reached some

form of agreement.

Only 14 percent of those

companies had granted a paid

June 16 holiday.

The rest agreed to "no work,

no pay and no penalty", arranged for workers to work in

extra time, or in cases where

factories were working short

shifts, arranged that June 16 be

an off day.

Dr Lewis said he believed

stayaways were a political response by people denied political rights which would remain

a fact of South African life

until such time as the political dispensation changed.

/13046 /

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96
INSTITUTE HEAD PREDICTS HOUSING NEEDS, GIVES FIGURES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Aug 86 p 3

JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 Septenker 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] There is a national shortage of 334 000 homes for coloureds, Indians

and blacks, and a surplus of 37000 for whites, says Mr DM Roelvert, executive director of the Institute for Housing of Southern

Africa.

He told a local government and housing conference in Vanderbijlpark at the weekend that this surplus was equivalent to a town

the size of Mitchell's Plain in the Cape and represented a capital

investment of Rl,48 billion.

Mr Roelvert said there was also an estimated shortage of 177 000

homes for coloureds, Indians and blacks In the six national states

and the trust areas.

He said that according to the 1980 census, 45 percent (13 million)

of South Africa's total population of 29 million was urbanised.

Projections for the year 2000 were that the total population would

increase to about 4 million, of which 75 percent (34 million) would be

urbanised.

Five Johannesburgs in 14 years

This could be equated to building between three and five Johannesburgs in the next 14 years at a cost of R3135 million a year for

the first 10 years and R2 625 million a year for the next four years.

The State President's announcement that an additional

Rl 750 million would be made available for mass housing was still

not enough.

Mr Roelvert said Johannesburg, including Soweto, accommodated 3,3 million people, but by the year 2000 it could house about

5 million at a density of 18 to 29 people a hectare. Of these, about

3 million might fall in the low-income bracket.

Mr Roelvert stressed that the capital investment required for

large-scale housing provision over the next decade or two could not

be provided by the Government alone without further taxing the

economically active citizens and straining the economy.

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97
MASSIVE BOOST FOR WELFARE HOUSING PROJECT FOR WHITES ANNOUNCED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Aug 86 p 2

[Article by Kym Hamilton]

[Text] Welfare housing for whites is to receive a massive R130 million

capital boost within the next two years, the Minister of Local Government, Housing and Works, Mr Amie Venter, announced last

night.

An urgent need in this area had been identified, Mr Venter said at

the opening of the Eländspoort Home Exhibition of Young Buyers in

Pretoria.

The allocation to his department of R17.7 million of the R750 million the Finance Ministry has earmarked for special low-cost housing programmes, had enabled his department to boost its welfare

housing budget, he said.

Mr Venter said those who would benefit included the disabled,

both adults and children, homeleäs children and the aged.

Mr Venter also announced further steps to deal with the backlog

in white housing.

The R17.7 million grant will be divided up with 59,3 percent going

to welfare housing, 15,8 percent to low-cost housing projects,

' 16,9 percent to providing financial assistance to first-home buyers

and 2,4 percent to housing for labourers within the House of Assembly administration, . A further 5,6 percent of the department's grant will be spent on

developing the "incremental housing" concept, such as the one

which had been established at Elaridspoort. • The Elandspoort housing complex is the first pilot project of

basic or beginners' housing to be completed.

The core of the house — equivalent to a "bachelor pad" — is built

, in the first phase of development. The owner can then extend this

home according to increasing needs and means.

A further boost to bring homes into the reach of first-time buyers

was in the pipeline. Mr Venter said the R40 000 ceiling on building

costs for those who qualified for an interest subsidy from the State

was due to be increased.

! Mr Venter added that the savings the grant had created in his

i budget would be spent on the following projects during the present

j and the next financial year.

I A total of R8 million will be used for the care of the disabled,

\ R3,5 million will be spent on providing housing and care facilities

i for homeless children, R22 million.for the mentally frail and aged,

i and R17 million for other needy aged.

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JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

98
JOHANNESBURG ALERT TO SOWETAN HOUSING CRISIS

JPRS-SSA-S6-Q98

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Aug 86 p 6

[Text] Thousands of people have flowed into Greater Soweto

every month since the lifting of influx control, and

faced with a massive lack of housing, the position in

the town is becoming desperate.

This was disclosed during last night's city council

debate by Johannesburg management committee

chairman, Mr Francois Oberholzer.

He said his council had met with Sowetan authorities last week to try and thrash out a solution.

Anticipating problems from "uncatered-for urbanisation", the city had appointed a committee seven

months ahead of the removal of influx control.

Between 2 000 and 3 000 ha of land which the committee had identified for housing in the Syferfontein,

Zuurbekom, area had proved to be unsuitable because

of its proximity to water used for the city supply.

Other area were now being investigated where site

and service could be offered to counter the danger of

overspill from Soweto, Mr Oberholzer said.

While not overtaxing already heavily taxed ratepayers, Johannesburg had done more for the unemployed than any other local authority, he said.

Certain capital-intensive items could be privatised,

he said, but not labour intensive activities.

The first thing private enterprise did was to opt for

efficiency, which meant one person doing the job of

two. The end result would be more unemployment.

"As a public body we can spread the burden between more people. When we reduced the labour

force by 10 percent some years ago We were not

proud of ourselves because somewhere hi the homelands 2 000 families were affected".

He refused to consider putting councillors on a

committee proposed by Mrs Molly Kopel to investigate urbanisation, saying: "If one wants to bedevil

urbanisation strategy then politicise it." '

/13046

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99
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 19»°

SOUTH AFRICA

PERM HAS HOUSING PLAN FOR LOW-INCOME FAMILIES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Aug 86 p 14

[Text] The SA Perm Building Society

has agreed to provide loans for

"starter homes" costing less

than RIO 000, including the price

of the stand, in Katlehong.

Families earning as little as

R350 a month will qualify for

housing loans from the building

society. The Perm is financing

these homes through the Katlehong Self-Help Housing Scheme,

run by the Family Housing Association, a housing utility company established by the Urban

Foundation.

A stater home is a tworoomed core unit of about 28

square metres, plus an outside

toilet, or a 44 square metre shell

unit. The concept gives access

to housing to low-income families who could not previously afford homes. Mr Bob Tucker, MD

of the Perm, said there had been

an eager response, and bonds

had been approved for the first

78 homes.

The society's flexibility, he

said, had been demonstrated by

the use of self-help, acceptance

of "much more realistic minimum specifications" and its increased recognition of all income-earners in the family.

The Perm would acknowledge

all regular incomes of a particular household, both husband and

wife, and all adults over the

age of 18. It had also decided to

recognise all informal income

as long as it was regular. —

Sapa.

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100
JPRS-SSA-86-098

23 September 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CHAMBER OF MINES CRITICIZES ILO REPORT ON MINING PRACTICES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Aug 86 p 11

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text] The International Labour Organisation

(ILO) has released a report on labour

practices on South African mines which

makes some shock claims about safety

standards, assaults and continuing discrimination against black mineworkers.

The Chamber of Mines however

slammed the report claiming it is factually inaccurate in most major respects,

quotes data which is outdated and presents a distorted picture of the industry.

In its report, which has been circulated

worldwide, the ILO said black miners in

South Africa were still discriminated

against in wages, living conditions and

compensation for occupational diseases.

Despite moves to abolish job reservation,

black career advancement was still hampered by the reservation of 13 key job categories exclusively for whites.

The Chamber has responded vigorously

to ILO allegations and has put the case

for the employers.

The ILO report noted that black workers received significantly lower amounts

of compensation for disability compared

with white workers.

The Chamber said compensation was

related to earnings not race. Formulae for

compensation gave workers in the lower

earnings band proportionately higher percentage disability earnings (from 75 percent) than workers in the higher earnings

band (60 percent). "These parameters exceed the standards laid down by the Employment Injury Benefits Convention 1964

of the ILO," said the Chamber spokesman.

Quoting figures from 1973, the ILO said

white miners who contracted occupational diseases were paid more in compensation than coloured, Indian or black workers.

The Chamber conceded laws governing

compensatable diseases were blatantly

discriminatory and said it had been urging

the Government for years to deracialise

its legislation.

According to the ILO, the average wage

of a black mineworker was about R286

compared to Rl 601 for a white doing the

same work.

"While there has been some improvement in wages, the ratio of white tp black

wages is still five to one," said the ILO.

FRINGE BENEFITS

A Chamber spokesman said: "The average monthly earnings of the lower skilled

black mineworkers last year ranged from

R380 to R458 a month, and more, depending on the mining sector."

These earnings did not take into account recent wage rises of between 15 and

20 percent implemented on Chamber

mines on July 1 this year nor fringe benefits such as food, accommodation, medical

attention, sport and recreational facilities

worth the equivalent of R147 in cash each

month.

"The mining industry strictly adheres to

a policy of equal pay for work of equal

value, regardless of race. Where blacks

have moved up the ladder and are now

doing the same work as whites they receive the same pay."

The 5:1 wage gap referred to by the ILO

was a gap based on skills, not race, the

Chamber argued. Further, the gap had

been reduced from 21:1 in the early 1970s

to 5:1 today and compared favourably

with figures in the rest of Africa where

the wage gap based on skills varied between 6:1 and 11:1.

101
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Despite a drop of 20 percent in fatality

rates and a 50 percent decline in serious

injury rates during 1973-1984, the ILO

noted, more than 8 500 miners were killed

in the mines over the same period.

The Chamber attacked the ILO for

making no attempt to put the number of

mineworkers killed into perspective by

referring to the size of the South African

mining industry, its labour intensiveness,

the depth of the country's gold mines and

difficult operational conditions.

The ILO reporrt said the urge to maximise productivity often leads to white supervise« pushing their crews to dangerous extremes.

"The casualty rate, fatalities and serious injuries combined, has been reduced

by 48 percent during 1977-1985, while for

the same period production per man per

month has increased by 15 percent on gold

mines.".

On coal mines the casualty rate reduction was 70 percent while production per

man per month had increased by 33 percent over the same period. , Assaults by white miners on blacks continued to occur frequently said the ILO,

but there had been improvements. An increase in black-on- black assaults gave

cause for concern.

"There are unfortunately, and rather

surprisingly, no central records on assaults but there appears to be some evidence of a slight decline. White-black assaults were particularly high in the mid1970s during a period of high labour turnover.

"A worrisome trend is the increasing

number of black-black assaults often perpetrated by the team leader who is frequently under heavy pressure from white

miners to maximise production to increase their bonus payments," the ILO

said.

END

102