JPRS*SSA85~085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ISCAR INSTALLS ADVANCED SOFTWARE SYSTEM
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 10

[Text] Iscar South Africa, a local producer of precision cutting tools, is
installing at its Spartan headquarters what is said to be the most advanced
manufacturing and distribution computer software system in the country.

Considerable service, mianufacturing and management benefits are expected to
flow from the move, which is part of an overall plan to increase Iscar's
already share of the cutting tool market.

A feature of the installation is that it is an on-line, totally integrated
system with terminals extending to the shop floor and warehouses. Iscar has
signed an agreement with Assignment Thirty Eight Systems to install the BPCS
package (featured in ENGINEERING WEEK, 7 July 1985) of 14 modules, which
run exclusively on IBM hardware.

The installation consists of IBM hardware (System 36) and the BPCS suite of
software supplied. Assignment Thirty Eight is the local affiliate of Systems
Software Associates of Chicago, USA (SSA).

Iscar is the local subsidiary of the multi-million dollar Israeli company with
the same name. The local company claims to be the largest manufacturer of
tungsten carbide cutting tools in South Africa. Iscar also produces tools in
the United States and its largest facility is in Israel.

The complete range of Iscar products is manufactured at its Spartan works,
and the company's main markets are heavy engineering, the automotive industries,
engineering subcontractors, steel mills and mines.

The objectives of the Iscar project, says Assignment Thirty Eight's Darryl
Freinkel, is to offer "real world" solutions with the easy-to-use BPCS packages.
These will support the entire Iscar production and manufacturing process from
order entry to planning, control and customer shipment=-a move which will allow
flexibility in planning and more control over assembly operations.

56


LEADING BUSINESSMEN TO ACT AS FORCE FOR CHANGE
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 85 p 12

{Article by Brian Stuart] ,

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — A
group of leading South
African businessmen,
headed by Mr Ray-
mond Ackerman,
plans — as a matter of
urgency — to “act as a
force for change” and,
to negotiate with the,
State President, Mr P’
W Botha, on its objec-
tives.

With public disappoint-
ment in Mr . Botha’s
speech last week, there
was a need to “infuse new
hope” into the South
African situation, Mr
Ackerman, chairman of
the Pick ‘n Pay retail
chain, told The Citizen in
an interview.

“1 know there are pol-
itical reasons why certain
things were not said by
the State President, but in
the wake of that speech
there is a feeling of hope-
lessness. I see this even
among people in my own |
company. People are ask- |
ing what can be done’
about it.” \

Business was already
acting for change in many
ways. For example, in his
own company 56 percent
of its Western Cape man-
agement was Coloured or
Black.

cso: 3400/968

"Business had the power
to negotiate, to talk to
union leaders and others
such as Bishop Desmond
Tutu who could contrib-
ute to creating new hope
for the future.

Mr Ackerman said he
hoped to get a group of 10
to 20 leading businessmen
together within the next
fortnight to draw up the
“policy of — business”.
This, he believed, should
include:

© Citizenship. rights
for Blacks

@ The abolition of the
Group Areas Act

@ The abolition of In-
flux Control and:

@ Anend to “all other
organs of apartheid”.

The group might be ex-
panded to include indus-
trial, commercial, mining
and financial leaders, as
well as academics and
union leaders.

“We must sort our-
selves out and state very
clearly where we stand

and then try to see the_

State President,” said Mr
Ackerman.

“And this should take
place urgently, possibly
within the next 10 days.”
he said.

i

22

SPRS*SSA"85"085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

“Tt is a difficult time in
our country. We, in‘busi-:
ness, must become a sym-
bol of hope, showing that
we care about the situa-
tion and that we are pre-

«pared to act.

“Business is deeply in-

volved in the political

iscene, whether we like it
‘or not. And we need to
show that we are a force
for change.

“We have a responsi-
bility to help South Afri:
ca, Our task must not be.
to draw up constitutions
— there are enough
people doing that. But we
need to show clearly
where we stand and what
the policy of business is.”

Mr Ackerman said it
was also necessary to
show overseas interests
that disinvestment was
wrong and to show people
internally that boycotts
i were counter-productive.

To achieve this, busi-
ness had to show that it
was part of the solution.

“The first priority was to
infuse new hope into the
situation — especially in
relation to young people.


NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, ‘the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



Concurrently, work is also being undertaken on conversion techniques and
fastening systems.

The structural development programme should result in the production of design
documentation later this year, but the programme is, to a very large extent,
dependent on the availability of funds and the priorities of the rolling
mills and conversion fabricators.

3CRI2 design
research programme

REVIEW REVIEW
Existing hot rolled ,] Design eniteria tor Testing at:
‘carbon steo! design ‘3CRI2 using AIS! Wits University
‘c6de (AISI, BS, SABS) stainless steo! anc RAU.
mild atest Pretoria University
formulations UM.
REVIEW. i
Existing cold (DRAFT PRELIMINARY
stainless stee! design CODES
code (AIS! end BS)

i PREPARE
IZ] Strese/etrain curves

Exceptions

of eatoty
Review of Neweoldtormea | Tests
Statisticel date SCRIZdesign code [~~~"~~~“*] to contirm
end “| arent
consideration i code
Appropriate | where
coder New hot roied ery
BCRI2 design code

Source: Sionless Steet

65



JPRS“SSA%85%085
12 September 1985

LOOSE-CORE MOTOR INVENTED--A South African invention is set to revolutionise
the replacement of failed electric motors and minimise the downtime cost of
burnt-out stators. Invented by Gerry Nel, the loose-core motor is said to
eliminate the need to remove the motor from the site. A semi-skilled worker,
using a standard Allen key, can remove the burnt-out stator from the motor
and replace a new one within 20 minutes. It is not necessary to disconnect
the main supply or to disturb the rotor. Two years of development have gone
into the project and rigorous tests have been carried out by the UK's National
Coal Board and the Department of Engineering at Wits. Since 1984, the motors
have been operating scraper winch motors underground on several gold mines.
South African patent rights have been granted and worldwide patents have now
been applied for. A patented tapered locking system is the key to the
simplicity and success of the loose-core motor. Most existing conventional
motors can be converted to the loose~core principle, often for little more
than the cost of a standard rewind. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK

in English 18 Jul 85 p 5]

NCR THIRD-PARTY SERVICE~-NCR SA has entered the third-party service market,
using its existing service organisation to penetrate a rapidly growing industry
segment. Following NCR's successful U.S. and Canadian extension of field ser-
vice engineering resources to non-NCR users, the company has launched its

new business venture worldwide, targeting a wide variety of products made

by other vendors. The South African move was spurred by market demand, and
NCR experts to double its third-party service turnover each year for the

first three years. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85
p 10]

DOUGLAS EMERGENCY PUMP STATION--Pictured above is the Douglas Emergency Pump
Station which was opened by the Minister of Environment Affairs & Fisheries,
the Hon Sarel Hayward. The pump sets were supplied and installed by Mather &
Platt (SA), Their pumps draw water from the Orange River and pump it into a
22.5-km-long earth canal to eventually discharge into the Douglas Weir, where
the water is used for widespread irrigation. The Douglas scheme involves six
Mather & Platt horizontally split double-stage centrifugal pumps, each

powered by 650-kW electric motor, delivering 1,200liters a second with a
combined delivery into the canal of 7.2 m?/sec. The completed pump station
restores the farmers' severely depleted water quota from 10 percent to

100 percent and enables an additional 2,000 ha to be brought under irrigation.
[Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 32] The close
cooperation between contractors and RCM, the main contractor on the Douglas
emergency pump station, has led to this vital installation being completed

on schedule. One of those involved was Wiehahn Construction Equipment, which
supplied heavy-duty wallform soldiers, wallform panels, wall ties, steel cones
and fittings and designed special splay panels which enabled the shuttering

to be crane-handled in large sections for faster erection, thus speeding up
the overall construction of the pumphouse. The tight construction deadline was
due to the necessity for widespread irrigation of newly planted crops without
which widespread crop failure was a distinct possibility. The pumphouse itself
occupies an area of 800 m. It is 14m high and its construction involved the
pouring of 2,200 m3 of concrete. The construction is anchored to a solid rock
foundation 4 m below the level of the Orange River. [Text] [Johannesburg
ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 36]

76


cso:

3400/973

Bauchi State had asked that farmers
must show ability and willingness to pay com-
pensation to peasants displaced. The condition
should da more than that: it Ought to demand
that no peasant would be displaced. Or alter-
natively, there must be the guarantee that all
displaced peasants would be given substitute
land in addition to monetary compensation. The
watchward must be the longer-term implica-
tions of the new policy; and unless this is taken
into consideration it will only lead to social ex-
plosions in the future when enough landless and
disinherited peasants will have been produced.

Furthermore, if the farmer is a multinational
Corporation the government should make ‘it
Clear that it will not tolerate the creation of a
foreign colony or extraterritoriality in our
midst. A certain percentage of the equity and
work force must come from that locale. The
sad experience of Liberia and Iran under the
Shah when hundreds of square miles were
cultivated by multinational corporations just to
feed their agro-allied subsidiaries, and Produce
‘Truits and crops that were not being consumed
locally, must be avoided.

And with the threat of desert encroachment
the government must demand that all such
large-scale farmers must plant at least as many
trees. as. they uproot during land clearing.
Whatever happens, the government ought to be
concerned about the damage being done to the
country’s vegetation cover.

In all these instances our agricultural experts
must be closelv involved in all soil tests con-
ducted and in determination of the fertilizers and
other chemicals and additives that would
be used. And especially it the farmer intends to
dam some river or stream, the implications
must be determined before permission is
granted.

The government should also start considering
the kind of support to extend the pricing
mechanism for at least the first five years of the
experiment. This may be necessary in order to
cushion the effects of any adverse conditions
and to stabilise the small farmers’ income in the
face of astronomical growth in the supply that
will follow the big farmers’ harvest. This will
naturally seem to lead to the very important
question of storage before the commodities
eventually reach the market.

The Federal Government would do well to
come in at the early stages, and lay down clear
and unambiguous rules. {f this is left to states, it
might stand them at great disadvantage. These
measures should be put out as the unified stand
of the government and whether the farmer is in
Sokoto or Cross River State the conditions must
remain the same.

12


JPRSSSA*85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

METAL RESEARCH AT WITWATERSRAND DETAILED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 4

[Text]

R & D carried out in the University
of the Witwatersrand’s Department
of Metallurgy interfaces a sound
academic base with the provision of
data. and techniques for direct ap-
plication in the South African me-
tallurgical industry.

Owing to the country’s mineral

wealth and the need to provide local
training and expertise in the ex-
ploitation of raw materials, current
activities in mineral processing and
pyrometallurgy are geared to up-
grade the current technology and its
method of application in South Af-
rica’s primary industries.

In the area of fine coal
beneficiation, Professor
Peter King and his team,
under CSIR sponsorship,
have researched the op-
erating characteristics of
the dense medium hydro-
cyclone and have shown
this to be an outstanding
device for the beneficia-
tion of fine coal having
particle sizes ranging
from 50 microns up to
Imm.

Most South African
coal mines and collieries
have a significant pro-
portion of such material,
and the development of
viable economic benefi-

i ciation techniques will
assist in improving the
utilisation of coal re-
sources.

Research has also led
to the discovery that ul-
tra-fine coal — having
particle sizes less than 50
microns — is also ame-
nable to beneficiation us-
ing froth flotation.

It has been established
that very good coal can

_ be produced at a high _
yield from naturally aris-

ing slimes in South Af-
rican collieries. The
evaluation of these re-
search results in large
pilot plants and in coal
washeries has already be-
un,

In the field of com-
puter technology, the de-
partment has directed
research towards the de-
velopment of mathemat-
ical modelling techniques

71

and the provision of ef-
fective computer aids for
the practising engineer.

Computer modelling,
simulation and other de-
sign aids can radically
improve extractive me-
tallurgical processes and
a number of packages
have been developed that
are in demand through-
out the world and include
rapid design techniques
for various items through
flow-sheet development
to operating plant assess-
ment.

In the field of auto-
matic process control,



JPRS~SSA~85"085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

URBAN FOUNDATION HEAD SAYS REFORMS NEEDED IN ALL SPHERES

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Aug 85 p 10

Steyn,Speaks at Annual Meeting

[Article by Janine Steyn]

[Text]

AWESOME responsi- :
bility rests on South
Africa’s leaders to
bring about _socio-
economic, legal and
political reforms, said
the executive chairman
of the Urban Founda-
tion, Mr J H Steyn.

Speaking at the Foun-
dation’s annual general
meeting yesterday, Mr
Steyn outiined its propo-
sals for reform.

These proposals are
made, Mr Steyn said,
against the background of.
nearly 10 years of unique
co-operative exercise be-
tween the community and
the private sector and an

‘increasing co-operative

response by the. public
sector.

Regarding socio-econ- ,
omic reforms, Mr Steyn
said, a positive urbanisa-
tion strategy was needed
which included a commit-
ment to abolish influx
control by a target date —
say June 1986.

The. urbanisation stra-
tegy would also include
urban development and
decentralisation — focus- .
sing on stall metropoli-
tan areas with growth ca-
pacity, and regional de-
velopment based on
sound rural development.

Mr Steyn said housing
was a major stabilising
factor in any society. It
created jobs, developed

skills, and ‘conveyed a
sense of belonging.

The chronic housing
shortage and overcrowd-
“ing, he said, were major
contributing factors to

tension, stress and disaf- .

fection.

Urgent intervention
was necessary, Mr Steyn
said, in the fields of ~
@ Land availability;

@ The delivery of affor-
dable housing, from con-
ventional to site and ser-

vice and self-help
schemes; . .
@ Ready access to’ fi-
nance; and
@ Immediate freehold
title.

The private sector

should be given an oppor-
tunity to play a definite
role in this process and a
commitment: should be
obtained from financial
institutions and em-

-ployers to make substan-

tial loan finance avail-
able, Mr Steyn said.

In education, there
should be a commitment
to implement the recom-
mendations of the De
Lange Committee, he
said.

Black communities de-
sire the establishment of a
single ministry of Educa-
tion, and the Government
should announce its pro-

29

gramme for redressing in-
equalities.

The private sector
| should be mobilised to

achieve real progress in
| Black advancement, Mr
Steyn said, under the
: strong lead of the Gov-
‘ernment, which should
' announce its plans for the
| public sector.

Specific areas should
be designated in which
regulations in respect of

, small businesses would be
; suspended,

Regarding law and or-
‘der, Mr Steyn said the
| Urban Foundation urged

the ending of thé state of
t emergency.
| It was of fundamental
importance, he said, that
all South Africans should
be reassured that we were
‘not embarking upon a
course of action which
| would end in siege and re-_
pression and that we were
all entitled to the benefit
of the protection of the
law in its tried and tested
form.

To counter allegations
of abuse of police powers,
Mr Steyn suggested the
appointment of a respect-
ed ombudsman in each
district in which the state
of emergency had been
proclaimed and to whom
aggrieved persons would
have confidential re-
course.

Mr Steyn said political
,Teforms should include



JPRS¥SSA%85"085
12 September 1985

JUWATA TO HOLD CONFERENCE--The Union of Tanzania Workers (JUWATA) will hold a
special conference in September, this year, to discuss the prevailing economic
situation in the country. A statement issued in Dar es Salaam yesterday after

a two-day meeting of the Implementation Committee of the JUWATA's General
Council said the conference would have as its main theme "the economic situation."
It will dwell on, among other things, the current economic problems affecting
the workers and suggest ways and means to alleviate them. The statement said
despite JUWATA having earlier stated its position with regard to the rehabilita-
tion of the economy, the conference would come out with new recommendations

to the party and government. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English

24 Jul 85 p 3]

ZANZIBAR SEED PROJECT--Zanzibar intends to start its own seeds projection project
to alleviate shortage of seeds to farmers, it was revealed in Zanzibar yesterday.
The Principal Secretary in the Isles Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock,

Dr. Omar Ally Juma, said a special meeting on seed product will be held next
month. He said in an interview with SHIHATA that the move was being taken to
ensure that farmers got high quality seeds for higher yield, adding that the
project would produce maize, peas and cassava seeds. To meet the demand of the
Isles farmers in the crops, the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock usually
acquired the seeds from the Tanzania Seed Company [TANSEED], he said. He could
not give details on the project. On preparations for the 1985/86 farming season,
Dr. Juma said there was enough seed stock of rice for the earmarked 24,355 acres
to be cultivated during the season. He said 1,355 acres would be under irrigation
while 8,000 acres will be tilled by tractors. The remaining 15,000 acres would
mainly be cultivated by individuals on small scale level. He said 3,000 tonnes of
fertiliser had been distributed to various centres in Zanzibar and Pemba islands.
[Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Jul 85 p 3]

cso: 3400/993 END

100


JPRS*SSA"85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ROLE OF NON-WHITES IN SADF DESCRIBED

Pretoria PARATUS in English Aug 85 pp 22-23

[Text ]

THE EARLY PERIOD

'S long ago as 1700, when the

Cape of Good Hope was still a

small settlement ruled by the

Dutch East India Company,

Coloureds were subject to the
same military duties as Europeans. It was,
however, a foreign war that caused the es-
tablishment of the first Pandcur regirhent
in 1781. They comprised of a force under
white officers that fought against the Brit-
ish prior to the occupation of the Cape in
1795, Between the years 1795-1803 the
British employed Coloured soldiers; they
became known as the Cape Corps after
the second British occupation in 1806.
During the first period of British rule
Coloured soldiers received a weekly pay
of sixpence (sterling) to buy tobacco and
were entitled to the same rations and
drinks .as British troops. During the
Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902) Coloureds
were used on both sides as drivers, ser-
vants and scouts.

At the declaration of War in 1914, mili-
tary service: was extended to include
blacks and Indians. In the South West
campaign about 35 000 blacks, Coloureds
and Indians were employed in a non-fight-
ing capacity and shortly ‘afterwards a
campaign was launched to recruit volun-
teers for service in East Africa, France
and Palestine. During this time requests
were received from the Coloured com-
munity calling for the establishment of a
separate Coloured infantry battalion.
Members of the two Coloured infantry
battalions, which rendered active service
in Africa and Palestine, were remunerated
‘on the same scales of pay as British infan-
try soldiers but white personne! were paid
in accordance with union rates., During
the war members of the Cape Corps dis-
tinguished themselves on several Occa-
sions, not only in @ non-combatant ca-
pacity but also as fighting troops.

THE SECOND WORLD WAR

N the period between the two World

Wars units for blacks, Coloureds and
Indians were non-existent. It was, how-
ever, inevitable that they would be resus-
citated when war came in 1939,

As war establishment tables from this
period indicate, non-whites served as
separate units in non-combatant roles
such as drivers, stretcher-bearers and
batmen. However, in some cases the of-
ficial non-combatant edifice could not be
maintained especially as South Africa's
shortage of manpower became more
acute. This underlined the need for better
utilization of non-whites in posts listed on
the establishment tables of white units
and a number of non-whites were subse-
quently attached to combat units and
they rendered active service, inter alia in
an anti-aircraft role.

The Indian battalion, which was estab-
lished in 1942, formed part of the Non-
European Army Service and as such was
entitled and subject to the same condi-
tions of service as Coloureds. In the In-
dian battalion as well as the Cape Corps,
posts up to and including the rank of War-
rant Officer (Class 1) could be held by
blacks, Coloureds and Indians.

During the war some 80000 blacks
were recruited into the Native Military
Corps for non-combatant duties, ie driv-
ers, messengers, clerks, tailors and medi-
cal orderlies. A number of black auxiliary
troops were detailed for special tasks
such as the construction of a tunnel in
Syria and policing the South African
coastline.

ANEW ERA

FTER disbandment in 1945, auxiliary
services were re-established in 1950.
However, the purposeful involvement of
South Africa’s entire population in the


NEW FERROCHROME TECHNOLOGIES EXPLAINED

JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 19

[Article by John Gomersal1]

[Text]

Ferro-chrome production technol-
ogy in South Africa is possibly ap-
proaching a new era, Limits of
productivity improvements on exist-
ing technology present a challenge

to develop new technologies to in-
crease efficiency. ‘

John Gomersall, managing direc-
tor of MS & A’s alloys division, ex-
plains the developments.

Ferro-chrome production
at Middelburg Steel & Al-
loys will soon have reached
the limits of productivity
improvement with the cur-
rent process.

This is borne out by the
fact that of the rotal FOB
cost, about 70% is pure
variable cost.

These cost inputs in-
clude the chrome ore,
electrical energy, other raw
materials and transport.

There is, therefore, lit-
tle point in trying to achieve
further productivity im-
provement by trying to
“squeeze” the fixed cost
balance of 30%. If one
were to achieve a 10%

gain, it would yield a mere
3% improvement in the
cost of production.

It has been clear for
me that new tech-
is needed to attack
the variable cost.

At the same time, an in-
teresting scenario is de-
veloping in the world
market, It has a parallel in
the ferro-manganese mar-
ket, where carbon steel
producers have substituted

quantities of ferro-man-.

ganese by using man-

ganese. ore in their

manufacturing process.
Right now, Japanese

stainless steel producers *

are taking the lead and are

61

looking at decreasing their
dependence on imported
ferro-chrome, and their
usage of ferrochrome in
stainless steel manufacture
in general. :

The Japanese Govern-
ment has sponsored a pro-
gramme to research and
develop new technology
for using chrome ore in the
country’s integrated steel
mills.

Those involved in the
project hope to develop a
new process which will use
molten iron and pre-re-
duced chrome ore, not
ferro-chrome, and convert
it into stainless steel.

The Japanese believe it
will take them between five
and eight years to develop
the technology, and they
say that, once fully devel-
oped, it will reduce their



Violence, Threat to Reform

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Aug 85 p 10

[Text ]

cso:

CONTINUED violence’ andTM
counter-violence may under-
mine the determination to pur-
sue peaceful change strategies
and posed a threat to national
reform programmes, the ex-

" ecutive chairman of the Urban

Foundation, Mr Jan Steyn, said
yesterday.
He said reform which was

, Structural, rapid, clear and far-

reaching must be based on:

@ an understanding of under-
lying causes of specific prob-
lems;

@ common values and atti-
tudes;

@ an understanding of the
nature of ‘reform when con-
trasted with revolution; and

@ leadership.

Summarising the present situ-
ation, Mr Steyn said South Afri-
cans had failed to accept their
country as a developed society
with many of the characteristics
associated with Third World
countries.

“Thus we have failed to con-
front the fact of urbinisation,
we have sought to impose stan-
dards and institute controls
which strangle initiatives and we
have imposed political solutions
which have been irreconcilable
with appropriate economic de-

3400/955

32

velopment.”

The entrepreneurial drive was
demonstrated by the establish-
ment of informal business in the
newly urbanised, informal towns
and all that was required was 4
“rational set of policy incentives
for a dynamic of a very positive
nature to occur,” Mr Steyn said.

While the problems were ‘

deep seated and clearly of a
structural nature, there was an
organisational _ infrastructure
committed to legalistic, peace-
ful, disciplined forms of partici-
pation in South Africa’s socio-
economic and political life.
“Reform aims at changing
that which is negative, destruc-;
tive or discriminatory, while’
preserving that which is benefi-
cial and a foundation for in-

creased growth and prosperity, .

such as a country’s’ industrial
and institutional base.

“Reform requires a vision of
the future and a clear perception
of the precise changes needed,
unlike revolution which merely
demands that people envisage
one dramatic event, after which
it is naively expected that every-
thing will be alright,” Mr Steyn
said.

JPRS#SSA"85+085
12 September 1985


This was to be expected, but the nature of the steel does complicate things
slightly by not having a well-defined yield point, although it has a relatively
high limit of proportionality. :

Current, mainly analystical research by Pieter van der Merwe at the University
of Missouri Rolla, is endeavouring to unravel the intricacies of the existing
stainless and carbon steel design codes to determine if it is sensible to base
the design of 3CR12 on existing formulations.

It is hoped that this will be possible, as it is felt to be imperative that
a design approach with a minimum of change from existing design codes currently
in use in South Africa is established.

The intention is to provide design information using the allowable stress
method of design followed later by limit states or possibly load resistance
factor design guides.

Testing

As can be seen from the diagram, one overseas and three local universities are
involved. Their responsibilities are summarised as follows:

Rand Afrikaans University is currently carrying out research on cold-formed
open sections, and this has been extended to include thin-walled 3CR12 sections.

This involves testing beams and struts for compliance with existing codes for
buckling failure (in its various modes), and including the influence of breadth
of thickness ratios and stress/strain behaviour.

RAU is also currently carrying out small sample (coupon) stress/strain testing
of all the 3CR12 structural materials used in the test programme, for example,
hot and cold-rolled plate and hot-rolled sections.

This essential work will provide the basic control data for the final design
proposals.

Witwatersrand University has commenced testing of the first hot-rolled angles.
Its responsibilities include both beam and strut tests on angles, channels
and cold-formed hollow sections, that is, circular, square and rectangular
tubes.

Pretoria University, having just completed a test programme on cold-formed
milk steel purlins and girts, has been requested to carry out comparative
tests using 3CR12 sections.

The University of Misséuri Rolla will also be carrying out certain test research.
This will investigate the extent and benefits derived from work hardening

in the cold-forming process. This is in addition to the analytical work being
done by Pieter van der Merwe under the guidance of Professor Wei-Wen Yu.


activities and mainly by strong acids
such as sulphuric and nitric acid.

There are many factors involved in an
assessment of what Constitutes acid
rain. A pH measurement of a sample
of rainwater is only the first of many
analytical steps needed. To make a
correct judgement, concentrations of
organic acids and strong acid anions,
and metal cations such as calcium
and sodium need to be looked at.

How these acids form

Many fuels, such as oil or coal, as
well as many metal ores, contain
sulphur compounds. When the fuels
are burnt or the ores roasted, sulphur
dioxide gas and nitrogen oxides are
formed. After release into the
atmosphere these two primary
pollutants are gradually oxidized
further to form the strong acids,
sulphuric and nitric acid. There are
many different chemical routes by
which the acids are formed. The
speed of transition is also variable.
Some oxidation routes depend
strongly on the amount of moisture in
the air, others need ultroviolet light,
others catalytic dust particles.

On the South African Highveld with
wet summers and dry winters,
transformation rates are likely to vary
a great deal. Knowing these rates is
of crucial importance because these,
together with the weather conditions,
determine the size of the zone
exposed to acid rain. Typical
transformation rates for sulphur
dioxide are about 0,5 to 10 per cent
per hour. A fast conversion rate will
tend to cause a severe localized
problem while slow conversion will
have a widespread but milder effect.

Sulphur dioxide in South Africa

The great coal-burning power
stations of Escom are probably the
most visible sources of sulphur

42

dioxide in South Africa but in this
country these have also been the 1
most thoroughly studied. There are}
also several other important sources,
some of which have as yet been little
investigated. Among these are:

@ The Sasol oil-from-coai process
@ Various ore smelting plants

® Coal stoves used for household
cooking and heating

@ Burning dumps of waste coal
@ Burning underground coal seams.

Because sulphur compounds are
undesirable components of petrol,
the sulphur present in the coal which
is Sasol's raw material, must be
removed at some stage of
manufacture. The aim is that it be
recovered as elemental sulphur but
until this process is perfected some
releases of hydrogen sulphide will
occur. Ultimately this hydrogen
sulphide may be oxidized in the air to
yield sulphuric acid.

South Africa 1s one of the world’s
major suppliers of chromium,
vanadium and manganese. The fine
fumes generated in smelting these
metals may have a catalytic effect,
Speeding up the oxidation of sulphur
dioxide to suphuric acid. Whether
this happens in practice is not yet
known.

To obtain coal good enough to use in
the equipment we have now, much :
low grade coal must also be mined
and dumped near the pit head. These
dumps often catch alight and
smoulder for years, are nearly
impossible to extinguish and emit
their pollution near ground level.
Long-term solutions may be
improved combustion methods, such
as fluidized bed furnaces, gas
Production and building' layered
dumps to cut off air from the burning
waste coal.


JPRS*SSA*85#085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA

GOVERNMENT STUDYING SALARY STRUCTURE
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 pp 2, 3
[Article by Mussa Lupatu]

[Text] The government plans to form a commission to study salaries and incentives
for public employees in line with the national policy on productivity, incomes
and prices, the National Assembly was told in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

The Minister for Labour and Manpower Development, Ndugu Daudi Mwakawago, told

the House that the move was intended to maximise the output of civil servants.

He was presenting estimates of expenditure for his ministry for the 1985/86 fiscal
year.

The minister did not give details on the government plan, but stressed, that there
was need for civil servants to improve efficiency through the up-date of their
skills.

Underlining the importance of the government policy on productivity, incomes and
prices, Ndugu Mwakawago said the government was in full recognition of the high
cost of living, but this notwithstanding, workers were bound by rules and
procedures to maintain high standard of productivity.

On lay offs, Ndugu Mwakawago said some 27,000 workers have been laid off and
that the government expected to serve 487m/- per annum out of the move.

He said by last Wednesday, more than 61,236,165/- had been paid to 8,427
workers as terminal benefits and that the total costs would be known after
completion of the exercise.

Ndugu Mwakawago said, however, that his ministry has received complaints that
some workers have been victimised. While warning employers against such
practices, he told the House that those defying government directives on the
exercise would be prosecuted under the law.

He also told the House that the government would this financial year study

the pension scheme with a view of ensuring that retiring workers were paid
their dues promptly.

84


JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

MALI

FOOD DISTRIBUTION NEEDS OUTLINED
Dakar AFRIQUE NOUVELLE in French 3-9 Jul 85 p 9
[Article by Mouhamed Soudha Yattara]

[Text] Like the other landlocked countries of the Sahel, Mali is
experiencing serious difficulties with the distribution of food aid to

its disaster areas. Thus, "enormous quantities of grain are backed up in
the ports of Dakar, Abidjan and Lome, as well as in the country's
dispatching center, Mopti." Mr Djibril Diallo, political secretary of the
UDPM [Democratic Union of the Malian People] (the sole political party)

and minister of state for industrial development and tourism, made this
announcement at a recent meeting with the diplomats stationed in Bamako.
The situation is complicated all the more by the fact that the country's
transportation facilities have reached their limits. Hence the urgent
need to supplement them with an additional 180 large-capacity trucks to
move out the grain stranded in the different ports where some 70,000 metric
tons in international aid alone were backed up as of 1 June 1985, with 40,000
in Dakar, 20,000 in Abidjan and 10,000 in Lome.

In order to deliver the food to those who are to receive it, the Malian
authorities will also need some 100 small trucks, 20 of which would be used
to transport the fuel necessary to ensure the safe passage of the convoys,

In principle, international food aid should contribute as much as 202,000
metric tons toward covering Mali's grain shortfall, estimated at 481,000
metric tons in the 1984-85 season as compared with 330,000 last season,
Public and private imports are set at 20,000 and 150,000 metric tons
respectively. The difference between the total grain shortfall and

the commitments made results in a "gap" of 100,000 metric tons. A gap
which, according to Djibril [Diallo], "can only lead to chronic shortage,
or worse, to total suspension of supplies, either over distances or over
time."

As of 1 June 1985, Mali had received 148,700 metric tons, all sources
included. In the months of June, July and August 220,000 metric tons,
including 152,000 in international aid, should arrive, if the schedules
are respected. And at the current rate of loading (29,000 metric tons a
month), it will not be until November that all of the food aid is moved
out, the donors believe. In their eyes, the bottlenecks are located mostly



New Mine Air Recirculation System Described
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85).cccscccccccsccecncccccees

Platinum Executive Backs Removal of Export Bars
(Roy Bennetts; BUSINESS DAY, 14 Aug 85).cccsccscccsceses

Private Enterprise Backs Offshore Gas Recovery
(Piet van Zijl; THE SUNDAY STAR, 11 Aug 85)..

Major Advances in Optical Fiber Market Reported
(Matthew White; BUSINESS DAY, 16 Aug 85).sccccssccvcceee

Iscar Installs Advanced Software System
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85)...

Domestic Pump, Valve Production Planned
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85).ccccccccccccccccceccsccess

"Biggest' Split-Casing Pump Castings Produced
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85).cccccscccccccsccescecvenes

New Ferrochrome Technologies Explained
(John Gomersall; ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85)...ccseeees

Research on Structural Uses of 3CR12 Listed
(Barrie Williams; ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85)....sssees

Middelburg Steel Plans To Double 3CR12 Production
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85)..cccssccccsccccceccscvcees

Capital Expenditure for Metals Quadruples
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85)...ccccvccccccccccccccssece

Metal Treatment Industry Slowdown Lamented
(Priscilla Whyte; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Aug 85)..scessecseees

Metal Research at Witwatersrand Detailed
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85)..cccccccccccnccccecesscece

Blue Circle Expansion Reported
(ENGINEERING WORK, 18 Jul 85)..cccccccccccscevccccsvcece

Briefs
Largest Steel Towers
Security Suppliers
Valve Automation Center
Lining Escom's Reservoir
Loose-Core Motor Invented
NCR Third-Party Service
Douglas Emergency Pump Station
New Customers for Weapons

-c-

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63

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SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BOARD EXPANDS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 22 Aug 85 p 21

{Article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

THE Small Business
Development Cor-
poration (SBDC) ex-
perienced a marked
expansion in the year,
ended March despite |
the fact that the year
was difficult.

‘According to the direc-
tor’s report all the main |
services of the SBDC ;
showed a marked im-
provement.

Mini-loans to the infor-
mal sector increased’ by
R1-million (872 loans) to
a total granted of R1,4-
million (total ~—_ loans
1 456).

The comprehensive
assistance programme,
which is for the semi for-
mal sector, increased by
R2,1-million (188 loans)
to a total granted of R2,7-
million (256 loans).

The small business aid
fund was launched in
March this year with a
grant of R30-million from
the State, specifically to
assist deserving small
businesses adversely af-
fected by current strin-,
gent monetary condit-
ions. By the end of the

: year loans totalling R1,8-

million had been ap-
proved.

General financing to
the formal sector in-
creased by R22-million
(368 loans) to a total
granted of R62,4-million ;
(1 098 loans). a

cso: 3400/986

It is not only on the fi

nancial side that the
SBDC made substantial
progress. According to
the annual report, advi-
sory services, which are
still supplied free of
charge, showed an in-
crease from under 2 000
enquiries a month at the
beginning of the year to
about 7 000.

Also the provision of
property showed a sub-
stantial increase. The
Property development
projects completed added
a Jettable area of 50 120
m? at a cost of R18,6-mil-
lion. Total lettable area
offered by the SBDC to
small business entrepre-

“heurs now stands at

326 470 m2.

Substantial —_ progress
was also made with the
fourth, less conspicuous
service of the SBDC,
namely the ‘promotion of
the general interests of
the small business com-
munity.

“This important activ-
ity is not only intended to
create a more favourable
climate for small business
development but, when
possible, to promote

structural change,” the.

-directors say.
1

39

JPRS“SSA*85085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Dr Ben. Vosloo, man-
aging director of the
SBDC, said at a Press
briefing in Johannesburg
that one of the biggest
problems at the moment
in South Africa was that
the opportunity to start a
small. business, mainly in
the Black community,
was not freely available.
There was much room for
deregulation, and this
seemed to be a trend that
was developing right over
the world at the moment.

Dr Vosloo has just re-
turned from an extended
overseas tour where he
studied small business de-
velopment in various
countries.

He said South Africa
was still far behind coun-
tries such as Japan and
West Germany as’ far as
the number of small busi-
nesses as well as the em--
ployment — opportunities
they offer, were ~con-
cerned, “



METAL TREATMENT INDUSTRY SLOWDOWN LAMENTED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Aug 85 p 9

[Article by Priscilla Whyte]

[Text]

cso:

DESPITE persistent calls for further
minerals processing, only one benefi-
ciation plant, Western Platinum Base
Metal Refinery, has been opened
since 1979, said Henry James, vice-
resident of the Council for Mineral
echnology (Mintek) at yesterday's
residential address to the SA Insti-
ite of Mining and Metallurgy.
“This appears to signify an abrupt
halt in recent years in the growth of
the beneficiation industry, which
gives cause for considerable concern
and, in the national context, could
have serious implications.”
Beneficiation refers to the process
or series of processes by which an ore
containing a metal or mineral is con-
verted into a product containing a
progressively higher concentration of
the metal or mineral concerned.
Mintek recently launched an inves-
tigation into SA’s potential for added-
value mineral and metal exports. The
project has been codenamed Miner-
va. What makes it different from pre-
vious intiatives is that the question of
further processing is being looked at
through “the technology-tinted glass-
es of engineers and scientists”.
The emphasis is on using the al-
ready sound research and develop-

ment infrastructure in SA asa spring-
board to create new thrusts in miner-

al beneficiation.

3400/986

70

‘ According to Mintek president Ai-
dan Edwards, SA could double its
foreign exchange earnings within 10
years by adding value to its mineral
exports.

Platinum, manganese, vanadium,
diamonds, Huospar and gold offer

ibilities for further added value.

he fact that it takes 10 years for a

major industry to be established
means the situation is now urgent.

In 1984 mining and quarrying con-
tributed R13 484m, or 14%, to the
GDP which amounted to R96 678m. In
foreign exchange earnings, mineral
exports accounted for 67% of total
exports, and gold sales were 60,8% of
total mineral earnings and 72,1% of
export revenue.

It is estimated another 20 000 tons
of gold could be produced by SA over
the next 40 to 50 years (15 000 tons
from known mines and the remaining
5 000 tons from new imines).

In the future a far higher priority
will have to be placed on the mining,
beneficiation and export of the 59 oth-
er mineral commodities SA produces,

If half of the ferrochromium pro-
duced were converted into stainless
steel in SA, the country could earn
another R4bn to R6bn a year.

JPRS“SSA"85+085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA*85=085
12 September 1985

TRADE SURPLUS--South Africa last month maintained its favourable trade balance,
with the surplus nearly R1,058 million. Department of Customs and Excise sta-
tistics show this was the third time this year that the monthly surplus exceeded
a billion rands. The average monthly surplus for the first half of this year
was R893 million--almost three times the figure for last year. The total trade
surplus for the first half of this year was R5,358 million--about R1,800 million
more than in 1984. SAPA [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Jul 85

p 14]

SHIPPING LETHARGY--The South African shipping market remains sketchy, reports
AFROMAR, with new enquiries emerging but not being fixed. Local charterers
require cover for 10,000 tons of chrome ore from Richards Bay to Mersin in
Turkey for end-of-August laydays and also for 16,000 tons of steel from
Maputo to China, again for August laydays, for which they may be willing to
offer on either a voyage basis or time-charter. European charterers require
Panamax tonnage for Mediterranean discharge, loading at the end of. September
in Richards Bay. There is also enquiry for 50,000-80,000 tons of coal from
Richards Bay to the Continent in October. A cargo of 12,000-14,000 tons of
steel and generals requires cover from Durban to Turkey for end August laydays
with 15-ton gear. [Excerpt] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Aug 85

p 3]

SAA'S U.S. LANDING RIGHTS--The withdrawal of South African Airways landing
rights in the United States "appears to be a possibility," says the airlines
chief executive, Mr Gert van der Veer. He refused to discuss this week,

saying it was out of his hands, but in the latest issue of SA LEADERSHIP he

said SAA would make alternative arrangements if landing rights were withdrawn.
He said there were many ways in which this could be done but he did not want

to elaborate. "But I tend to believe reason will prevail in the United States."
Only SAA provides a direct connection to the United States as Pan American
World Airlines recently withdrew from the route. Asked what effect the termina-
tion of the direct connection would have on travellers, Mr van der Veer said

it would be a deterrent not only to travellers but to businessmen sending "an
enormous amount of freight between the two countries." Another factor, he

said, was the immediate economic disadvantages to the Cape Verde Islands, where
"SAA makes a quite a substantial economic contribution by using the island as

an intermediate stopover to the United States." [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR
in English 26 Jul 85 p 7]

STEEL PRICING SYSTEM--South Africa's steel pricing system is to be remoulded.
The Minister of Trade and Industry, Dr Dawie de Villers, announced yesterday
that price controls on locally produced primary steel products. and quantita-
tive import controls over foreign primary steel imports are to be scrapped.

In place of the quantitative import controls "appropriate customs duties" will
come into operation from today Dr De Villiers said. The extent and method of
the customs duties are expected to be outlined in schedules to be published in
the GOVERNMENT GAZETTE today. But at the same time many local primary steel
product manufacturers will also increase their prices from today. Price con-
trol on primary steel products from Iscor and other South African rolled steel
producers date back nearly 45 years, to 1941, when it was introduced as a war



802118

JPRS-SSA-85-085
12 September 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

; REPRODUCED BY |
| NATIONAL TECHNICAL
| INFORMATION SERVICE

| US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE |.

SPRINGFIELD, VA 2a fs Approved for public release; _/ 7
Distribution Unlimited.
rey)



SENEGAL

SOUTH

Measures To Promote Economic Recovery Outlined
(Charles J. Diodj; AFRICA, Jul 85) ccccccecsccccceccccece

AFRICA

Leading Businessmen To Act as Force for Change
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 22 Aug 85)..cccccccccesceses

Credit Rating Runs Into Trouble in Europe
(Alan Sendzul; BUSINESS DAY, 15 Aug 85) scccccccececcece

Business Makes Plea To Resist Boycotts
(BUSINESS DAY, 14 Aug 85)vsssecccecece

Dramatic Rise in Black Spending Predicted
(THE CITIZEN, 19 Aug 85) seeecccecccecceccccssccccscececs

Lack of Good Living Standards Behind Unrest Seen
(Joe Burg; SOWETAN, 16 Aug 85) ecccccccccsceccecccccccces

Urban Foundation Head Says Reforms Needed in All Spheres
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Aug BS) a cccccccsececcccccncsscccetenece

Steyn Speaks at Annual Meeting, by Janine Steyn
Private Sector Must Change Views

Replace Influx Control With New Urban Strategy
Violence, Threat to Reform

Students Forge Links With Overseas Groups
(THE CITIZEN, 15 Aug CS) Ss

Description of Ventersdorp Commando
(L.Cp.R.E. Fish; PARATUS, Aug 85)..

Role of Non-Whites in SapF Described
(PARATUS, Aug BS) eccecccscccccccccceccecsccesscessessens

Small Business Development Board Expands
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 22 AUg 85) .cccccccccccececes

Transport Sector Heads for Unprecedented Loss
(BUSINESS DAY, 16 Aug 85)..ccccccccesesscccees

Expert on Effects of Acid Rain
(Bruce Wells; SCIENTIAE, Apr-Jun B5) a ccceccccccccccecees

Latest Explosives Technology at Sasol
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85).......

/

eee eececccceee

-b-

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JPRS*SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LACK OF GOOD LIVING STANDARDS BEHIND UNREST SEEN
Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 16 Aug 85 p 9

[Article by Joe Burg]

[Text ] earston,
Cook-
house,:

Stutterheim, Al-
bany, KwaGuaa, |
Tumahole, Cath-
cart, Standerton, |
Tsakane, Du-
duza. What have |

all these places in | .

common?

In township lingo,
I could quite easily |
have said “Hulle is
plaaste”.

That much they!
have in common. But
even more significant, |
they are all areas af-|
fected by the unrest |
over the past nine or so i
months. |

And they are not
the only places that |
very few people would
have recognised as
names of townships ;
until recently —
thanks to the South
African Police’s “situa-'
tion report” we now!
know that those places
exist. ‘

Violence

So what isthe
point? Just this: Since
‘when have people in
those areas suddenly

begun to become po-
litically conscious?
Okay, maybe there
have been people who.
have been conscien-
tised, but what has
provided this sudden
spark that has driven

-people to large scale

violence?

The common de-
nominator in all these
areas is the poor facili-
ties provided for the
people there. In some
of these townships,
people have simply
been dumped there in
houses which fall far
short of expectations;
there are apologies for
streets; some have no
water-borne sewerage;
there is no electricity;
some have no running
water etc.

Bitterness

Those were these
people’s grievances.
Otherwise, they simply
wanted to live their
lives quietly in their
own way, people who
simply believed that as
long as they had jobs
with reasonable sala-
ries, as long as their.
children had some
education, and as long
4s their living condi-

27

‘tions improve, they
would be happy.

, _ But all that is gone.
Obliterated. “Our
blacks”, whites in
those areas often said,
“are good and well-be-

, haved”. But under that
facade of happiness,
lay bitterness of un-
imaginable depth. No-

‘ body wanted to realise
this.

So the places blew
up. And how!

And what was the
Government’s re-
sponse? They be-
lieved, quite wrongly,
that the unrest was the
work of agitators.
They did not try to re-
cognise the problem,
“They looked right over”
it.

I mean, when those
citizens from Duduza
went and dumped
night-soil_ buckets in
front of the adminis-
tration board offices,
any right-thinking per-
son should have rea-
lised just how seriously

| people in that town-
ship take the matter of
provision of water-
borne sewerage.



PRESIDENTIAL FUND OFFERS 1.7 MILLION LOANS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/993

“THE PRESIDENTIAL Fund for Self-reliance has so far released

1,746,370/- as loans to five. Mainland regions for development pro-

jects. i
; “The Minister of State in the Prime Minister's Office, Ndugu Anna
Makinda yesterday told the House that the regions which received
the loans are Dar es Salaam, which received 906,670/-, Kilimanjaro
509,700/-; Iringa 150,000/-; Tanga 100,000/- and Dodoma 80,000 Yn.

“ Ndugu Makinda said that the fund started operating officially last
Octobet. The loans to the five regions were the first since its take-
off, she said. 7

She was answering the Member of Parliament for Muheza, Ndugu

L.D. Kitandula who wanted to know the amount of loans so far
released by the Presidential Fund for Self-reliance region by region.
*“Ndugu Kitandula also wanted to know the procedure followed by

individuals, groups or villages to get the loans from the fund.

Ndugu Makinda said that to get loans prospective beneficiaries
were required to complete forms ‘obtained form co-ordinators of

\ \Nguvu Kazi” in the districts or urban councils,
‘The completed forms were then sent to authorities residing in the *

project area to certify correctness of facts. in the forms. Then the
applicants paid the required fees,
After paying the fees then the forms went to the “Nguvi Kazi" co-

ordinators of the district or urban council in which the project was to :

be undertaken. .
Lastly, the forms were sent to the fund’s executive secretary for
scrutiny by project officers who then gave their views on which the

fund's project committee based its approval or rejection of the appli- ”

cation, Ndugu Makinda said.

The project committee comprised trustees drawn from the Small :
Industries. Development Organisation (SIDO), the Co-operative -

and Rural Development Bank (CRDB) and the Co-operative Union
of Tanzania (WASHIRIKA).

“This is the committee charged with the responsipitty of approv- -

ing all loans whose value does not exceed 300. /.. Allloans exceed-
ing this amount are approved by the Council of Trustees of the fund,”
Ndugu Makinda said.

86

JPRS»SSA"85~085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA


JPRS*SSA*85~085
} 12 September 1985

held on Wednesday. The board also approved the restructuring of the manage-
ment committee with effect from October 1. As part of cost-cutting measures
the. corporation is undergoing a major rationalisation of television and radio
services. Staff will not be retrenched but will be reduced through the normal
staff turnover of about 14 percent a year. The workforce of 7,000 could be
reduced by almost 1,000 by the end of the year through not filling posts left
vacant by resignations. The corporation has offered employees the option of
applying for early retirement from the age of 55. Normal retirement age at the
SABC is 60. An SABC spokesman said employees whose posts were abolished through
the rationalisation programme would be transferred to other departments. As
part of its rationalisation process, the SABC is to drop its English, Afrikaans
and Springbok radio services and replace them with two new services on

January 1. [Excerpts] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Aug 85 p 13]

MALELANE IRRIGATION SCHEME--Four vertical-line’ shaft Jacuzzi turbine pumps
with a combined capacity of 69-million litres a day, have been installed in a
R630,000 irrigation scheme on the Crocodile River at Malelane in the eastern
Transvaal. Commissioned by the Malelane Irrigation Board, the scheme will
provide water in dry periods to 5,000 ha of farmlands in the area. Power for
the project is being provided by the scheme's own electricity sub-station
bought from Escom. Irrigation consultants on the project were Murray, Beesenbach
and Badenhorst, while the Jacuzzi pumps were installed by Matheson & Bremmer.
The 400 mm-diameter pumps are driven by 300-kW, hollow-shaft motors, delivering
a total head of 121 m. The pumps are being used to relay water from the pump-
house on the Crocodile River, right on the border of the Kruger Park, to an
irrigation canal 3.5 km away by means of a 610 mm pipe. The supply of water to
the canal is manually regulated at present, but further development of the
scheme calls for the installation of sensors in the canal system to monitor
water levels. When the water level drops, the sensors will automatically
trigger the pumps 3.5 km away, switching off again when the water in the canal
has risen to the desired level. The pumps will operate during dry periods,
pumping water for an estimated 160 days in an average rainfall year, and are
expected to produce savings on running costs of about R8,000 to R1L5,000 a year
in comparison with other pumps. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK

in English 18 Jul 85 p 36]

DUNDEE/GLENCOE PUMP STATION--Project Management & Engineering, a member of the
Murray & Roberts Group, has completed a contract for the Dundee/Glencoe Regional
Water Supply Corporation. The contract, won on public tender, was worth
R720,000 and involved the installation of the mechanical and electrical work

on three pump stations at Tayside on the Buffalo River and in Dundee. Two of
the pump stations were at Tayside (pictured), while the third was located at
Dundee. PME started work on the project in January 1984 and completed work

on schedule in March 1985. The project involved the supply and installations of
two 9-m-long, vertical spindle, low-lift pumps, two high-lift pumps which deliver
750 m3 an hour and are driven by 750-kW motors, and a further two pumps at

the Dundee waterworks. Included in the contract was the design, supply and
installation of the piping, electrics, instrumentation and remote radio control
of two of the pump stations. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English
18 Jul 85 p 38]

81



DROP IN COMMODITY PRICES CONTINUES

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 12 Aug 85 p 7

[Text]

THE drop In the prices of a
range of consumer goods
which became noticeable
some few months ago hes

continued, A market ‘sur-
vey by Consumer Trends
show that retail prices of
‘Coca-Cola have - dropped’
further to 30 kobo,

‘Nigerlan Bottling Com-
pany, (NBC), producers of
Coca-Cola and other range
of soft drinks had In March
stopped production for
some weeks due to non-
availability of raw mate-
rials.

As a result, prices of Its
mineral products sky-
rocketed to 50 kobo per
bottle, against the market
retail price of 30:kobo,

However, the company:
resumed production some
months ago and this sub-
sequently led to @ drop in
prices to 40 kobo by June,

Presently, prices. of.the
soft drinks have stabilized
at 30 kobo, It js ‘uniikely
sthat there will be any fur-
‘ther drop, Major Armst-
rong (rtd.), the'Group pub-
‘lic relations officer of
Leventis Group of Com.
panies (of which NBC is
a subsidiary), was not
available when Consumer
Trends called at his office
for more details about the:
‘price decline,

Meanwhile, the conti-
nued downward trend In
‘price movements has re-
flected on the Composite
Consumer ‘Price Index,

Latest figures from the
Federal Office of, Statis-
‘ties )F.O.S,) reveal that:
‘the Inflation rate has taken:
yet another downward
pung.

According to the statis-
ties, the rate as at May this
year stood at 27,8 per
cent, representing a fall of
4.2 per cent over the rate
as at April which was 32!
per cent,

The Inflation rate had’
‘been witnessing a steady
decline since the beginning
of the year compared to,
what obtained as at Dec-
vember last year. It was’
39.6 per cent tast year,
‘Thus, the Inflation rate has.
declined by 11.8 per cent
‘over a five-month period,

The Composite Consu-
mer Price index for May
1985, stood at 490.6, This
Tepresented a decrease vf
3.1 points or 0.6 per cent
over the 497.7 points re-
corded jin the preceeding
month,

The. drop in the index
was largely due to de.
creases in the prices of
baby food, beverages, okro,
fresh pepper, groundnut,
onions, palm oll, etc,

However, rice and. gari
recorded noticeable price
increases in the northern
‘states; but In the southern
States It was the exact

Opposite as these commo-
dities witnessed price de-
clines, Text books, house-
hold goods such as mat-

JPRS*SSA"85*085
12 September 1985

NIGERIA

tresses, disinfectants and
washing soaps recorded
price Increases throughout.
the country,

The rural food Index
fell by 1.5 per cent while
the Urban Food Index in-
creased by 0.9 per cent.
This fed to a drop of 1.1
per cent In the composite
Food index:

Increases In the prices
of matches and kerosene
‘were responsible for. the
3.4 per cent rise observed
in the index of Accommo-,
dation Fuel and Light..
‘The index of household
goods and other purchases:
registered an Increase: of-
1.7 per cent — upward
movements in the prices:
of mattresses, disinfectants
washing soap and medica-
{ments caused the change.

Also, the indices of.
transport and other servi-
ces showed increases of 1.9
per cent and 1,7 per cent
respectively during the
‘period under review.

On the other hand,
tobacco and kola -index
‘declined by 1.2 per cent —
@ moderate drop in the
ipricé. of kolanut was res-
ponsible for the change,

Drinks and clothing.
components of the index
‘remained fairly stable
during the period.

However, compared
with the corresponding
period last year, the Com~
‘posite Consumer Price.
Index for May, 1985 rose
by 3.8 per cent over that



PRIVATE ENTERPRISE BACKS OFFSHORE GAS RECOVERY

JPRS*SSA=85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Aug 85 p 15

1

[Report of speech by Dr Piet van Zijl in Cape Town]

{Text ]

THE Government is expected to decide before
the end of the year whether to exploit offshore
deposits of gas in the Mossel Bay region.

Sources close to the project have repeatedly
indicated that the Government is likely to .
approve a scheme to recover the gas and convert “

‘it into petrol and diesel at a new petro-chemical

plant, probably at Mossel Bay.

Feasibility studies now being carried out are
examining the viability of the estimated
R2 500 million offshore project: Engineers i
studying the scheme have delayed their final *
report in order to carry out more detailed
investigations. :

Soekor — the State-backed oil exploration
organisation — is keeping mum about the studies
and says it will not be making statements on the
Project until after the Government has made its
decision.

But it seems clear that if approved the project
could provide about 10 percent of South Africa’s
transport fuel, offer substantial savings in
foreign exchange, boost the country’s
engineering industry and stimulate the offshore

. Search,

Major disclosures about the possibility of

_ offshore gas production were made in The Star

* in June last year. Since then, the Press, public,
; industry, investors and Soekor have eagerly

awaited the Government's official reaction.

Will such a project be viable as the economy
stagnates? Will the strategic value of such a

. Project outweigh economic considerations? With

the world oil glut and South Africa’s extensive
reserves, will the Government shelve the idea to
be reviewed in several years? 3

Until the end of the year, when Minister of
Mineral and Energy Affairs, Mr Danie Steyn,
and the Cabinet put their heads together on the
issue, we will not know.

But this speech, recently delivered by Soekor

managing director Dr Piet van Zijl in Cape
“Town, provides further insight.

51

OPPORTUNITIES for South
African companies to partici-
pate in the host of infrastruc-
tural tasks which must be com-
pleted-including heavy steel
construction projects -- if the.
Republic is to exploit the Mos-
sel Bay offshore gas find for
liquid fuel, were outlined in
Cape Town by Dr Piet van Zijl,
managing director of Sokeor.

Dr Van Zijl was addressing
the annual symposium of ma-
rine engineers arid naval archi-
tects.

“If a conference like this were
held a year or two ago,” he said,
“it would have been of interest
to the marine engineering fra-
ternity ... but only on an aca-
demic basis. Now, quite abrupt-
ly, the situation has changed and
the technological aspects of off-
shore production have become
very topical subjects indeed.”

Dr Van Zijl was referring to
the offshore gas strike by Soe-
kor on the continental shelf
near Mossel Bay. ,

He mentioned that Soekor
would celebrate its 20th anni-
versary this year ... 20 years
of limited successes but also of
points of great interest.’

He mentioned that the public
today seemed to understand
Soekor and its functions much
better.



SUGAR PRODUCTION LEVEL DOWN

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 Jul 85 p 5

[Article by James Muakisyala]

[Text]

cso:

THE DISTRIBUTION of sugar to the regional trading com-
panies (RTCs’) is going on normally and to region has been
denied of the commodity because an RTC fails to foot its out-"
standing bills, the General Manager of the Sugar Develop-
ment Corporation (SUDECO) Ndugu Reuben Naburi said in

Dar es Salaam yesterday.

He was commenting on
allegations that sofne regions
were denied sugar because of
outstanding bills.

He asserted, “Sugar is being
distributed to all regions nor-
mally according to their monthly
quotas and not a single RTC has
missed its monthly allocation
because of late settlements of
bills”. . ‘iG

However, he Said, there were’
a few “quite normal business
hitches” such as delayedGelivery
of cheques but. ndt serious
enough to warraht stoppage of
deliveries of sugar to the regions. }

He said-he wondered where
the information came from’;
because it did not reflect the cor- '
rect vusi
corporation. }

le was reacting to a Shihata |

report quoting the SUDECO '

chairman of the board of direc- |
tors, Ndugu Edward Mwesiumo

_ (MP), last week as saying that4

Mtwara and Morogoro Regions"
were denied sugar because they
owed SUDECO a total of 9m/-.

Ndugu: Mwesiumo was also
quoted as saying supplies of
‘sugar had been suspended to
Morogoro and Mtwara regions
because they owed outstanding
bills of 4m/- and Sm/-, respec-
tir

ively.

The General Manager of the
Morogoro RTC, Ndugu thrahim

1 Seya, refuted the reports early,

| this week saying it did not owe

3400/993

ness transactions of the |”

* SUDECO any outstanding pay-

ments neither had sugar supplies
been suspended to his company.

Ndugu Seya said payments
were normally made in advance
to SUDECO. And his company
had already received part of its
monthly quota of 271 tonnes and
was already distributing it
throughout the region.

He said the last payment to
SUDECO was made early this
month. . a

The country’s monthly quota
since January has been 7,155
tonnes after it was reduced by 20

“per cent from 8,928 tonnes in

january because of shortfalls in
production at the’mills.

The Minister for Agriculture
and Livestock Development,

Ndugu John Machunda, has pro- °

jected the production level of
sugar in 1985/86 to be 119,000
tonnes which will be 6,000 ton-
nes less compared to the 1984/85
season which ended on June 30.

> faven that will still be short of

the national requirement which
stands at 250,000 tonnes a year.

The sugar mills are in Kilom-
bero and Mtibwa in Morogoro
Region, the Tanganyika Plant-
ing Company (TPC) in Moshi,
Kilimanjaro Region, and the
Kagera Sugar mill in Kagera
Region.

93

JPRS#SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA:



several new computer-
ised control strategies
based on the traditional
peak-seeking method
have been developed for
the contro! of pebble and
autogenous mills that are
suitable for the gold min-
ing industry.

In 1977, the university
decided to develop its ac-
‘tivities in physical me-
tallurgy as part of the
thrust towards ‘‘adding
value’’ and increasing the
utilisation and improve-
ment of processed met-
als.

Research is being un-
dertaken in alloy devel-
opment, corrosion,
fracture, materials proc-
essing and wear.

Under the guidance of
Dr John Bee and Profes-.
sor Geoffrey Garrett,
metallurgists have for-
mulated new abrasion-
corrosion resisting alloys
for use in gold mining ap-
plications.

World patents are in the
pipeline and full-scale
(50-ton) ingots produced
by a local steel manufac-
turer have been fabri-
cated into a variety of

components now
undergoing underground
trials.

Current work, in co-
operation with Mintek,
includes the development
of very high chromium
content alloys, in wrought
and cast form, with ex-
cellent corrosion per-
formance and acceptable
mechanical properties.

The Wits corrosion
group, under Professor
Paul Robinson, has su-
cessfully developed a
welding electrode to
match the SA-developed
corrosion-resisting steel,
3CR12.

cso: 3400/932

Materials degradation
by fracture and wear is
also under scrutiny and a
comprehensive —pro-
gramme, sponsored by
the Atomic Energy Cor-
poration {AEC), is de-
veloping a sophisticated
test facility for studying
the rate of growth of fa-
tigue cracks in simulated
nuclear Vessel environ-
ments at high tempera-
tures and pressures.

In the area of wear, the
Wits team, led by Gra-
ham Wright, is establish- -
ing an expertise base to
service the needs of the
local iridustry.

In January, 1986, the
department’s name wil
be changed to Metallur}
and Materials. Thig, re-
flects an important’ re-
sponse to the future needs
of industry.

Materials and, more
importantly, ceramics,
polymers and composites
‘are increasingly impor-
tant to our technological
society and this Wits de-
partment is broadening
its base to meet the new
challenge.

72,


STUDENTS FORGE LINKS WITH OVERSEAS GROUPS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Aug 85 p 11

[Text ]

cso:

A SOUTH African con-
servative student body
has been granted mem-
bership to an -internat-
ional students association
— the first official link be-
tween conservative stu-
dents in this country and
those overseas.

The National Students
Federation of South Afri-
ca (NSF) was accepted
unanimously as an asso-
ciate member of the
European _ Democratic
Students (EDS) at its an-
nual conference held in
Reykjavik, Iceland, ear-
lier this month.

The EDS is an alliance
of conservative, liberal
and Christian Democrat
students from all the ma-
jor European Centre/-

3400/955

Right parties, as well as
representatives from the
US, Canada, Australia
and New Zealand.

The vice-president of
the NSF executive com-
mittee, Mr Philip Powell,
who returned from Ice-
land yesterday, said join-
ing the EDS was part of
the ongoing NSF cam-
paign to break the inter-
national isolation of
South African students by
promoting contact with
like-minded student orga-
nisations overseas.

Membership of _ the
EDS will allow the NSF
to attend functions as del-
egates with full speaking
rights and provide a fo-
rum for contact between
students, Mr Powell said.

This formal link comes

33

after about two years of
informal contact between
international student bod-
ies and the NSF.

“In the future we will
be co-operating much
more with international
bodies, especially in Eng-
land and Australia, to for-
mulate strategies to break
the National Union of
South African Students’
(NUSAS) policy of cen-
tral affiliation or involun-
tary membership”, “Mr
Powell said.

Similar actions had
been successful in Austra-
lia, he added.

“The ideological input
from these organisations
is also very important to
our organisation and to
break down our iso-
lation”, Mr Powell said.

JPRS*SSA*85"085

12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

The president of the
NSF executive, Mr Russel
Crystal said membership
of the EDS would ob-
viously strengthen the
NSF by the exchange of
ideas and information be-
tween student bodies in-
ternationally.



JPRS*SSA#85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

LATEST EXPLOSIVES TECHNOLOGY AT SASOL
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 11

[Text] Sasol Explosives has concluded an. exclusive agreement with Nitro Nobel
of Sweden covering the RSA and BSL (Botswana, Swaziland and Lesotho) countries
and production of bulk explosives has already commenced at an on-site facility
in the northern Cape.

As far as cartridge explosives is concerned, the commissioning of the first
facility at Secunda is imminent.

Said to represent the latest in explosives technology, with high velocities
of detonation, excellent brissance, superior safety properties and very good
fume characteristics, the emulsion explosives have also been well received at
the workface as they contain no nitro-glycerine.

Sasol Explosives will provide a full range of explosives to meet every require-
ment, it claims. The types of explosive being marketed are:

Emulite: Paper-wrapped in small diameter and plastic-wrapped in large diameter,
this product will be suitable for hard rock mining and tunnelling and for
quarries and open pits.

Permitted 'Emulite': Paper-wrapped, small-diameter explosive for the underground
coal mining industry.

Bulk 'Emulite': Manufactured on site and pumped 'down the hole,’ the Bulk
'Emulite' service ensures that a fault-free explosive is delivered.

"Emulan': This product is a blend of bulk 'Emulite' and Anfo.

Depending upon the ratio of Bulk 'Emulite'’ to Anfo, the 'Emulan' blend may be
pumped or augered down the hole and is suitable for wet- and dry-hole appli-
cations.

The bulk delivery service is flexible enough to provide an “Emulite' toe load

(bottom of the hole) with an ‘Emulan' column load or any other combination
to suit customers' requirements.

45



This increase appears to have been
sustained during the first five months of
this year and is expected to continue for
the remainder of the calendar year,
says Waddell,

Rusplats commissioned a survey to
find the potential for platinum jewel-
lery in the US. There appears to be
indications of considerable potential,
which could be developed over a five-
year period.

Waddell says that, owing to the ab-
sence of export incentives, Rusplats has
come to the conclusion that it would be
imprudent to take on additional com-
mitments for the time being.

Industrial demand for platinum pre-;
sents a mixed picture, says Waddell.
Demand from the chemical industry
improved in comparison with the pre-
vious year but decreased from the pet-
roleum-refining industry. °

cso: 3400/986

50


Bulk 'Emulite' and 'Emulan' are backed up by a wide range of technical services
which include computer programs to optimise drilling patterns, explosives
loading and costs. Bulk 'Emulite' and 'Emulan' users have been able to cut
overall costs by increasing burden and spacing without any detrimental effects
on fragmentation.

As a further service, Sasol Explosives will produce porous prilled ammonium
nitrate under the name Sasolan and a porous prill/fuel oil blend under the
name Sasolex.

CsO: 3400/932

46


JPRS#SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

LARGEST STEEL TOWERS--The largest stainless steel cooling towers made by Sulzer
Bros have been installed at Universal Group, Durban. Two Sulzer EWB2875 cooling
towers, each of which has a capacity of 7,000 kW, and a smaller EWK144 unit, have
replaced severély corroded galvanised steel units for cooling condensers and
retorts in an oil extraction plant. The larger towers reduce the temperature

of the water used for cooling to 28°C. The frame support, fan bridge, bolts

and other components of the cooling towers are made of stainless steel while

the motors are flameproof. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English

18 Jul 85 p 2]

SECURITY SUPPLIERS--A new company, Integrated Electronics, has been formed to
supply installers in the security industry. Integrated Electronics can draw

on the international research and expertise of its principles and suppliers. It
offers services and advice to installers on equipment and accessories as well as
technical assistance and back-up and professional business services. The
product range offered includes intruder alarm equipment including domestic and
commercial control panels, all types of detectors, hardware switches and wiring,
and a full range of sirens, lights and accessories. [Text] [Johannesburg
ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 3]

VALVE AUTOMATION CENTER-—Bestobell South Africa is to establish a new valve
automation centre at Jet Park in the Transvaal. The centre is a joint venture
between Bettis UK and USA, Seibu of Japan and Bestobell International. New
assembly and repair workshops and warehousing with R500,000 of stock will offer
the complete control valves and actuator package for such users as water treat-
ment plants, oil refineries, the mines, petro-chemical industries, power
generation enterprises, and closed-loop air conditioning system supplies. [Text]
[Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 3]

LINING ESCOM'S RESERVOIR--The lining of the huge, raw water reservoir at Escom's
new Kendal power station has been awarded to Aquatan Lining Systems under sub-
contract to the main civil contractor, Gillis-Mason Construction. Worth about
Rl-million, the contract entails lining the earthen embankments and floor area
of the reservoir with a high-density polyethylene membrane called Hi-Driline.
More than 90,000 m2 of Hi-Driline will be used in thicknesses of 2 mm for the
embankments and 1.5 mm for the floor area. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING
WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 3]

715



On expatriates, the minister said while their number decreased to 2,600 in
1976/77, the number had increased to about 4,500 at the moment. He said the
increase was due to external-—aided projects. .

The minister noted that local experts were constantly on the move and as a result
they could not gain enough experience in a single field. He said his ministry
would strive to establish a data bank for high-level manpower potential to
overcome the problem.

Ndugu Mwakawago also revealed that his ministry was finalising a plan under
which all youth who completed Forms Four and Six were either employed directly
or sent to training institutions for career training.

He further revealed that the Employer Act would be reviewed to enable every
worker to qualify for pension without consideration to the scale of his salary
as it is at present.

The act would be tabled in the House soon along with others seeking to establish
a labour advisory board and another to deal with minimum wages, he added.

Regarding the implementation of the Human Resources Deployment Act, Ndugu
Mwakawago said most of the jobless people had been encouraged to take agricultural
work in the regions.

He said although such efforts have contributed to increase agricultural production
in some regions, his ministry was preparing a directorate on national recognised
jobs so as to hasten the employment of jobless people in other sectors.

Similarly, Ndugu Mwakawago added, the ministry has already printed identity cards
for residents gainfully employed in the regions other than Dar es Salaam.

The minister also informed the House that the formation of Workers' Councils in
public institutions was to date about 80 percent and that efforts were being made
to ensure that more were formed this financial year.

On the National Provident Fund (NPF), and the National Institute of Productivity
(NIP), the minister said NPF would this financial year strive to look for new
investment areas in the housing construction sector.

The minister asked the house to approve 63,429,000/- for development,
155,723,400/- for recurrent and 6,112,200/- for revenue.

cso: 3400/993

85



TRANSPORT SECTOR HEADS FOR UNPRECEDENTED LOSS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 16 Aug 85 p 3

[Text]

A MASSIVE collapse of rail, air -
and sea traffic was going to pro-
duce an estimated R400m loss for
the Department of Transport Af-
fairs, Hendrik Schoeman said yes-
terday.

The Minister of Transport was ad-
dressing the Natal National Party con-
gress in Durban. ‘

He said the recession had affected all
his departments. Railway staff had~
been cut to the bone — by nearly 40 000
to about 230 000 — in the past two years
and could not be reduced any further
without disrupting services and con-
tributing to unemployment.

Since the uly hol ‘day, travel had
fallen off so badly that flights had had
to be withdrawn.

He said SAA losses for the first quar-
ter ran to Ri7m.

“For the first quarter this year Sats
showed a loss of R40m. '

“If the present trends continue, then
we expect a loss of between R300m and
R400m for the book-year. '

“We are going to introduce further
savings to try and bring that figure
down,” he said. .

Economists warn that the threatened
huge R400m Sats losses will have seri-

CsO: 3400/986

ous ponsednences for the economy.

They include higher rail and air fares
and freight tariffs from the start of the
new financial year in April, inflated
costs throughout commerce and indus-
try, and a to SA’s high inflation
rate.

Sats union leaders say the threatened
big losses will not modify their salary
demands.

The Federal Council of Sats Trade
Unions, headed by Jimmy Zurich, will
meet Schoeman next Monday to press a,
demand for 25% increases from Janu-

ary 1.

the PFP finance spokesman Alf
Widman feels the huge deficit is a spin-
off from the recession.

However, the implications of so big a
deficit are alarming.

If the loss is indeed going to be so
reat, higher rail and air fares and
freight tariffs are certain. .

This will add greatly to SA’s inflatio1
problem.

The minister’s announcement, too,
could be an early warning to Sats trade
unions that their hopes of substantial
increases next year were slim, if not
non-existent, he says.

40

JPRS“SSA"85"085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS-SSA-85-085

12 September 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS
CHAD
Military Friendship, Cooperation Honored
(AL-WATAN, 8 Jun 85).cccccccccccccscccsccescscccceveeses
Commando Graduation
History of Cooperation, by Madjioudou Laoundam Laoumai
FANT Commander on Army Morale at Front. .
(Idriss Deby Interview; AL-WATAN, 8 Jun 85)ssscseeseeees
MALI
Food Distribution Needs Outlined
(Mouhamed Soudha Yattara; AFRIQUE NOUVELLE, 3-9 Jul 85).
NAMIBIA
Control System Installed at Rossing Uranium
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 18 Jul 85).ssccevescccccsceccevessceces
Briefs
Exercise Vasbyt Osona
NIGERIA

Drop in Commodity Prices Continues
(BUSINESS TIMES, 12 Aug 85).ssecscscsescccccccccccescece

Paper Warnsof Multinational Farming Perils
(Editorial; NEW NIGERIAN, 8 Aug 85).sccccccssesecececece

Briefs
Construction Resumes at Ajoakuta Plant

ll

13



JPRS*SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RESEARCH ON STRUCTURAL USES OF 3CR12 LISTED
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 25
{Article by Barrie Williams]

[Text] 3CR12 is beginning to create new markets for the
ferrochrome industry.

As users become more familiar with its properties, the
scope and range of uses to which it is being put are also
increasing, and from relatively simple applications, such
as linings and platework, the product range is expanding
to include structural applications as design and fabrica-
tion skills improve.

The range of structural sections available has, so

far, been limited to those that can be formed from plate-
work or coil. Trial runs are currently under way for the
production of the lighter range of hot-rolled structural
sections.

Barrie Williams, a director of Rhodar Consultants and of
Ove Arup Inc, teviews the progress being made on a
3CR12 structural design development programme which
Rhodar is coordinating on behalf of MS & A.

The 3CR12 structural design research programme is being undertaken under three
headings: :

Documentation

This involves reviewing and understanding the basic concepts and design criteria
applying to existing codes. It is of interest to note that there appear to be
no codes in existence for hot-rolled stainless steel.

Analysis

A limited amount of test data for cold-formed sections and initial stress/strain

tests on control coupons indicate that, structurally, 3CR12 behaves between the
two extremes of mild and stainless steel.

63



JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

PLATINUM EXECUTIVE BACKS REMOVAL OF EXPORT BARS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 85 p 13

[Article by Roy Bennetts]

[Text]

THE platinum-mining industr:
could make an even larger contri-
bution to the country’s foreign-ex-
change earnings if it were treated in
similar fashion to other exporters,
according to Rustenburg Platinum
chairman Gordon Waddell.

‘In the company’s annual review for
the financial year to June Waddell says
the decision to remove export allow-
ances from the producers of precious
metals was based on the grounds that
producers had no alternative but to ex-
port most of their products.

‘While this is true, Waddell believes
the country’s need to have a consistent
and adequate ability to provide the
funds required to open and develop new
markets has been ignored completely.

He says this constraint — coupled
with the cyclical nature of the platinum
industry, which determines levels of an-
nual expenditure — has limited Rus-
plats’ endeavours.

The company has made a submission
to the Margo Commission for the re-
instatement of at least some of the ex-

rt allowances to the platinum-mining

dustry.

‘Taxed profits for the year to June of
R156,9m were the highest yet attained
in rand terms, but Waddell says that
without the 15% tax surcharge imposed
on mines — other than gold and dia-
mond mines — taxed profit would have
been R12,6m higher.

Waddell says Rusplats’ marginal rate
of taxation and lease is now no less than
66%, which he claims to be inordinately
high given the character and past his-
tory of platinum mining.

usplats paid out R63,8m (R50,7m in
1984) in commissions and discounts to
sole marketing agent Johnson Matthey
and other customers.

The trend in the free-market dollar
price of platinum, with the average
market price for the year to June sub-
,Stantially down at $300 ($401) a troy
ounce, is not to Waddell’s liking,

49

Market price for the metal reached a
ak of $371 on the second day of the
financial year under review and de-
clined to a low of $245 in March 1985.

Liquidation of excess inventories and _
dis-hoarding are blamed by Waddell for
the low price compared with the in-*
crease in demand for the metal from
Japan.

Sales to the Japanese market rose by
25,7% in the year to December 1984,
with further increases in the first five
months of the current year, '

Demand in the first half of 1985 was
57.8% above the comparative months of

Waddell says demand for the metal is
now probably in excess of supplies from
roducers and this is likely, sooner or
iter, to bring about a change for the
better in platinum’s dollar price,

Use of the metal as a fuel catalyst ties
its immediate future to the activities of
the automobile industry.

Waddell says the momentum of the
last two years has been maintained in
the US, with the production of cars up
by 3% at nearly 8-million units com-
pared with the previous year. The US
car industry is reported to have bought
722 000 ounces of platinum in the year to
March 1985.

The Japanese sold more than-3-mil-
lion cars in Japan and exported nearly
4-million cars during the year.

The European Economic Community
appears to have reached a compromise
over emission-control standards re-
quired for cars of different engine sizes.

Waddell believes this will lead to a
major expansion in demand for plati-:
num and rhodium to meet the require-
ments of West European car manufac-

ers,

Last year demand in Japan for plati-
num for use in jewellery increased by
15% to 650 000 ounces.



JPRS¥SSA*85°085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA

UREA FERTILIZER USAGE ENCOURAGED
Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 p 5

[Text] The Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, in collaboration
with the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), will conduct demonstrations
on urea application throughout the country to raise agricultural production.

A Kilimo/FAO project manager, Ndugu Shyam Gwangani, told a one-day national
seminar on urea application yesterday in Iringa that the move was to encourage
the usage of the fertiliser instead of other nitrogen fertilisers,

The project manager urged the seminar participants to prepare farmers for urea
application to avoid misapplication as it was the case this year.

He told the participants that some 35,000 tonnes of urea were expected to be
distributed throughout the country this season, most of which would be
distributed to "The Big Four" regions.

Seminar participants have been drawn from Iringa, Mbeya, Ruvuma, Rukwa, Arusha,
Kilimanjaro and Tabora regions. Other participants come from the Tanzania
Fertilizer Company (TFC), National Soil Service (Mlingano) and officials

from the ministry headquarters.

Farmers are used to other types of nitrogen fertiliser such as sulphate of
ammonia (SA), CAN and TSP.

Opening the seminar, the Iringa Regional Commissioner, Ndugu Athuman Kabongo,
whose speech was read by the Iringa Regional Development Director, Ndugu Emil

Mudogo, said urea would be used more in future than the other types of
fertilisers.

csO: 3400/993

98


CREDIT RATING RUNS INTO TROUBLE IN EUROPE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Aug 85 p 3

[Article by Alan Sendzul]

[Text]

“SOUTH AFRICA’s poor politi-’

cal image abroad has severel
affected the country’s credit
standing in the Eurobond mar-
ket and the willingness of Euro-
pean banks to handle SA busi-
ness. :

As a result, at best, there is like-
ly to be a significant boost in the
cost of future loans on the Euro-
bond market. At worst loans may
not be available.

SA merchant bankers believe
the damage to the country’s credit
rating runs deeper than observers
are Prepared to concede. While the
local capital market is shrugging
off the effects of the state of emer-
gency the Euromarket has turned
off the tap for the three largest SA
borrowers: Escom, Sats and Posts
& Telecommunications (PT).

European bankers are reticent
when they discuss SA. But the SA
public sector has not floated a pub-
Ue issue on the Euromarkets since

june.

Some foreign investors appear
to be prepared to trade Escom,
Sats and PT bond issues on the
secondary market only at escalat-
ing discounts to par or a 100%
pricing (see tables). There is no
doubt these big three borrowers
will have to shoulder the cost of
SA’s blighted image abroad.

Foreign banks might be pre-
pared to act as underwriters, but
at a price. As it stands, the stiff

remiums above the London inter-
ink offered rate (Libor) are
around 2,5% on dollar loans, 2% on
marks, 1,2% on Swiss francs and
2,5% on ECUs for SA borrowers.

Banks participating in syndicat-
ed loans fear they might have to
retain any new SA loans on their
own books if private European in-

JPRS~SSA~85~085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

vestors refuse to take up new SA |

paper coming on to the Eurobond
market.
Parastatal treasurers are being

advised to delay for as long ‘as

' possible before testing the Euro-

nd market again. They told
Business Day they had completed
their foreign borrowing pro-
grammes for the current fiscal
year. Sources, however, believe
some of the parastatals are still

hunting for funds and that further

loans are in the pipeline.

The combined foray by these °

corporations into world’s biggest
borrowing pool — the Eurobond

market — is believed to have :

yielded in excess of R2bn for 1984,

Credit ratings are not usually
divulged by banks. However, Frost
& Sullivan, an international con-
sulting firm, says SA’s credit rat-
ing is C+, against A+ for countries
such as Australia. The lowest rat-
ing on the scale is D- for, among
others, Chile.



As a result, the social situation is deteriorating and trade
union leader Madia Diop has drawn the government's attention to
possible dangers of outbursts by workers. That is why the
minister of labor, public offices and employment, Andre Sonko,
has appealed to employers and employees to work together to
safeguard both jobs and businesses. This, moreover, is what his
secretary of state for employment, Alioune Diagne, is developing
in his Senegalization plan.

Among other things, the latter provides for replacing expatri-
ates in business positions and in public office immediately or
very soon with available competent Senegalese,

This plan to Senegalize employment also provides for giving
greater numbers of nationals control over the retail trade's
networks, mainly controlled by Lebanese Syrians and Maurita-
nians.

But whatever happens, the interests of investors will be pro-
tected, Especially since, according to government plans, most of
the financing today for Senegal's development is to come from
abroad.

The government's main partners in this activity are the Arab
countries, on the one hand, and western countries and institu-
tions on the other.

Last December, these institutions undertook in principle to fi-
nance "productive" projects in the four areas mentioned above
for a total of $500 million per year, This amount will be made
available in the form of loans "on very favorable conditions"
for a 4 or 5 year period, beginning with this year, as part of
the 7-year economic recovery program.

This program constitutes the spearhead of the government's de-
velopment strategy. It includes the 4-year plan which, apart
from some major projects, provides for total investments in the
order of 645 billion CFA fr, of which 240 billion will be se-
cured through outside financing.

What is expected from this 4-year plan is essentially the growth
of the GNP by 3.2 percent in real terms, as against 2.85 percent
between 1980 and 1984, Thus the GNP will rise from 937.6 billion
CFA fr in constant francs in 1985 to 1,063.7 billion in 1989,
The planners also forecast a reduction of the country's foreign
deficit (630 billion on 30 June 1984) in relation to the GNP
from 9,4 percent to 5.1 percent, a 0.7 percent reduction in the
annual volume of unitary consumption, an increase in the nation-
al savings ratio from 6.2 to 8.9 percent, and finally, the main-
tenance of the debt at an acceptable level by comparison with
export receipts for goods and services,

19



Replace Influx Control With New Urban Strategy

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 15 Aug 85 p 10

[Text]

THE most urgent reform
requirement in South
Africa at present was the
replacement of _ influx
control measures with a
positive urbanisation stra-
tegy, according to the
vice-president of the Ur-
ban Foundation, Dr A E
Rupert.

In the Urban Founda-
tion’s annual report re-
leased yesterday, Dr Ru-
pert said the four-point
programme identified by
the Foundation presented
a viable alternative to the
present system “which
has not only failed to stem
urbanisation, but has im-
posed many hardships on
those subjected to its

terms.”
‘The president of the

Urban Foundation, Mr
Harry Oppenheimer, said
although real reform had
taken place since the So-
weto riots in 1976, South
Africa was ‘more un-
settled than ever and
Black grievances more
acute.

Changes had occurred
in key areas such as politi-
cal representtion, prop-
erty ownership, job reser-
vation, education, trade
unionism, trading rights

and inter-racial relations,
Mr Oppenheimer said.

However, if the South
African economy was to
expand at a rapid enough
rate, the “offensive? and
intolerable influx control
regulations” must end, he
said. .

The review said South
Africa’s unwillingness to
accept and plan for the
process of urbanisation
caused much of the disaf-
fection and unrest at a
time when urbanisation of
the Black population was
expected to double by the
end of the century.

Migration
instead of _ containing
Black communities, were
having the opposite effect
— generating rural pover-
ty to such degree that
pressure to urbanise has
significantly grown, the
review said.

Despite fears of Black
urbanisation, the review
said this was both necess-
ary and desirable for the
country’s economic
growth, and could be a
major force in the future
prosperity of this country.

Although South Afri-
a's determination in fol-
lowing its policies was

31

unique, these had a
“doubtful” effect on city-
ward migration.

This was clearly evident
in the vast number of il-
legals in White cities and
the 18-million arrests
since the inception of the
system in 1916.

Even in the Western
Cape, where influx con-
trol had been stringently
enforced, the Govern-
ment had acknowledged
that over 40 percent of
the total Black population
was illegal, the review
said.

Among the adverse ef-
fects of influx control
were:

@ generated _resent-
ment amongst the Black
community, to whom the
obligation to produce a
pass on pain of arrest was
“fundamentally humiliat-
ing.”

@ waste of human and
financial resources spent
in its implementation.

@ criminalisation _ of
large numbers of people

@ contribution to the
backlog in housing, infra- '
structure and services in
Black townships.

The Foundation _aiso i
found that trade unions,

JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

employers
councillors were all op-
posed to influx control as
contrary to sound indus-
trial relations and depres-
sing Black living stan-
dards.

“Contrary to wide mis-
conception, the system

and Black °

holds little advantage to °

legal’ Blacks ... who
are in any event a small
and diminishing percent-
age of the total urban

Black population,” the *

review said.



Maud said the Aberdare facility
will be in a position to supply a major
share of the local market and has al-
ready been in production for some
weeks,

A special feature is its ability to
meet customer specifications of the
highest order and, in particular, the
specifications of P&T.

“The local control of the fibre optic
facility extends to the whole system
and will be available as a package
from the design stage to installation
and commissioning.

“Through its extensive and well-
equipped laboratories, the facility has
developed and is offering, for the first
time in SA, cables with secondary
buffering of the ‘loosetype’ design,
which is replacing the ‘tight’ buffer-
ing that has, up to now, dominated in
SA manufacturing. However, tight
buffering will be made available
from Aberdare as an alternative.”

According to the two men the new
facility will do everything to support
local industry in obtaining its supply
of fibre, but may have to import to
meet demands for different charac-
teristics and stringent quality con-

rol.

P&T, as the main customer for op-
tical fibre, is set to go ahead with the
ambitious Diginet project, which will
be based on an optical fibre network.
It is to spend a projected R160m be-
tween now the end of 1988 providing a
nationwide telecommunication net-
work.

P&T is expected to use only about
900km of fibre (worth about R1,5m)
this year. This will rise rapidly, how-
ever, and projected demand in 1986 is
27 00km, worth nearly R50m.

Another Altech group company is
also involed in the Diginet project.
STC is to provide multiplexing and
line allocating equipment.

} Opticar fibre, as the name suggests,
transmits signals by light instead of
electricity, as do conventional metal
cables. Among its advantages is that
it is immune to electro-magnectic in-
terference from lightning, power
cables and other sources — which is
particularly important in data com-
munication.

The main advantage, however, is
its greater carrying-capacitiy com-

ared with conventional cables. A
(Omm diameter, eight-fibre cable can
carry 7680 calls simultaneously,
whereas an 80mm copper cable can
carry only 2 000 calls.

cso: 3400/986

With two of the three major groups
interested in optical fibre technolog:
now firmly established in the market,
it will be interesting to see how. the
third — Siements — fits into the pic:
ture.

Siemens declined to enter a joint
venture for local production on
grounds that the small market would
not allow for enough changes to keey
abreast of rapid technological devel-
opments.

Also, Siemens believed such a ven-
ture might inhibit it from importing
fibre or setting up its own facility lat-
er.

55



BLUE CIRCLE EXPANSION REPORTED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WORK in English 18 Jul 85 p7

[Text ]

Blue Circle, holding com-
pany for 19 subsidiaries,
has completed a R160-mil-
lion expansion programme
to increase by 1-million
tons a year the capacity of
its Lichtenburg cement
works.

A recent market own:
ership shift in the holding
company itself gives Blue
Circle UK and Darling &
Hodgson each a 42% share
investment with the re-
maining shares going to in-
dividual investors.

The cement factory ex-
pansion, which raises total
production potential to 2,5-
million, gives Bluc Circle
24% of the cement market
which it shares with Port-
Jand Cement (50%) and
Anglo Alpha (36%).

Lichtenburg is now the

largest cement works in the southern
Hemisphere.

Initiated in 1979, the extensions
were undertaken in two phases to
stagger. expenditure.

Though each new factory struc-
ture incorporates the latest state of
the art, the plant itself is monitored
only and not controlled by the central
computer, :

The shortage of electronic. tech-
nicians prompted the company to stop
short of complete automation and the
experience of a competitor has jus-
tified Blue Circle’s caution.

Central control

All operations are carried out from
the central control room, two oper:
ators being responsible for decisioit-
making based on computer infot-
mation on such vital processes as raw
millifig, blending and clinker pro-
duction and on general operation.

In the event of computer failure,
an analogue system takes over.

The full commissioning of the new

rotary dry kiln (No 6) in May this

73

JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

year completed expansion with the
achievement of the extra R1-million
capacity. The kiln, (63 m long and
42 m in diameter) incorporating a
pre-calcining system, represents all
that is new. in kiln technology and
maintains a 3 000 t a day output.

Other high-tech innovations in the
new plant are:
© Two 60.000 circular stockpiles
(the world’s second-largest) where.
two grades of limestone are com-
piter-blended;
© Two rotating ball mills in which’
materials are reduced to a fine pow-
der the size of which is controlled
by recycling the larger particles;
© Two silos constructed to contain
two concentric cells so that two types
of cement can be loaded and packed
by the same computerised system;
@ AnX-ray spectrometer and.atomic
absorption apparatus to monitor cc-
ment blending during production;
© An clectroricatly operated bag-
packing and loading machine.

A towering vertical on the flat
western Transvaal horizon, the cn-
Jarged plant is » symbot of Blue Cir-



BUSINESS MAKES PLEA TO RESIST BOYCOTTS

JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 85 p 5

[Text]

cso:

ORGANISED commerce and industr
in East London have appealed to blac!
consumers to resist the bo cott of busi-

nesses. They also warn that the econom:
ic harm caused would affect all sectors '

of the community.

A joint statement by the EL Chamber
of Commerce, the Border Chamber of
Industries and the local Afrikaanse Sa-
kekamer said that, at a meeting with
city council officials, it had been urged
that all members of the community
should stand together “in the face of the
serious situation facing the future of
East London and the region due to the
current consumer boycott”.

The statement was released yester-
day by the Chamber of. Commerce
president Nico Cloete.

“The meeting appealed to the Xhosa
nation, who have been Seen as a proud
group, to stand together and not be in-
timidated by a radical minority,” the
statement said.

“The meeting also expressed the view
that blacks and whites in this region

3400/986

25

have always worked together and found
it difficult to understand why there is
this major disparity,” the statement

_ added.

The ‘statement said: “The meeting
also noted with appreciation that a state
of emergency did not exist and ex-

ressed the hope that it would not be
introduced in this region.

The meeting supported the principle
of open trading, the opening of munici-
pal amenities to all, and the creation of
additional facilities.

Tt also supported government’s stated.

intention to:
Stop forced removals;
O Retain Duncan Vallage and upgrade

it into an acceptable residential area; ©

©) License hawkers to allow them to

operate in the city without harassment

and;

Uphold the principle of open dialogue
ting

with all groups interested in promot
and improving the region. — Sapa.

SOUTH AFRICA



IJPRSSSA*8 5~085
12 September 1985

Incentive Measures

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 p 1

[Article by Habbi Gunze]

{Text ]

THE Government” has
announced — eight measures
aimed at speeding up transfer
and development of the new cap-
ital, Dodoma. The measures
include granting of incentives to
attract investors to the new capi-
tal.

Presenting the 1985/86 esti-
mates of his office, the Minister
of State in the President’s Office
Responsible for Capital
Development, Ndugu Samwel
Sitta, told the National Assem-
bly in Dar es Salaam yesterday
that the measures include:
©The direction of local and
foreign investments to Dodoma
at concessionary terms and
under a special incentives pac-
kage to be announced soon by:
the Government.

To relaxa procedures for allo-
cation of plots and fix attractive
land rents for those intending to
develop plots at Dodoma.

e To encourage diplomatic mis-
sions secure plots at Dodoma for
development but pay land rent in
foreign exchange. The moncy
would be used to import con-
struction equipment for the new
capital.

@ Formation of a maintenance’

unit under the Capital Develop-
ment Authority (CDA). The
unit would maintain all CDA
houses.

e Formation of an investment
company to operate under the
Authority which will be charged

91

with the task of attracting private
investments in office accommo-
dation schemes and rental
houses. . .
The setting up of a special
fund to which financial institu-
tions such as the National Bank
of — Commerce, National *
Insurance’ Corporation,
Tanzania Housing Bank and
National Provident Fund would
contribute 25 per cent of their
investment portfolio for capital
development. The funds would
be used for construction of office
blocks and residential houses, he
said.
e The Prime ister’s Office
;and the Ministries of Lands,
Natural Resources and Tourism;
Justice and other government
agencies, should ensure that no
government istry or depart-
ment is allocated’ plots” for
. development in Dar es Salaam.

CDA, ministries of Lands,
Natural Resources and Tourism.
and Justice should work out a
system whereby land title deeds
could be obtained in Dodoma
instead of Dar es Salaam, Ndugu
Sitta told the House:

He said the measures, were
geared at hastening the develop-
ment of the new capital.

On recent steps to st hen
CDA, the Minister s: the
Authority's Board of Directors
had been re-organised to include
several technical experts instead ,

‘of ministers as was the case
before. :



on the Dakar-Bamako route, as only 25 percent of rail capacity is being
used to transport food aid. The quantities of grain shipped each month
from the port of Abidjan, although "acceptable", have proven to be
"insufficient", the donors add.

The Lome-Gao route, via Niamey, is impassible for nearly 200 km straddling
the border between Nigeria and Mali, Diallo stated. In addition, the
problems may become acute if the rains begin falling: At that point, the
already poor condition of some highways and roads would worsen. Then

there is the river. For that as well, the possibility of delayed rains

and a drop in the water level must be taken into account--factors that will.
certainly not facilitate navigation on the Niger which, without the
compensating action of the Selingue dam, would have a flow at low water of

5 cubic meters per second, the political secretary of the UDPM stated.

The persistence of the drought has plunged the countries of the Sahel into
insecurity concerning food. The solutions recommended in the face of the
situation have not produced the ‘desited results up to now. Disaster has
settled in, devasting livestock, reducing the land area under cultivation
and forcing the population to flee the countryside for the urban centers,
and we know how "saturated" they are.

In Mali, the effects of the drought are felt mostly in the north (Tombouctou
and Gao), the center (Mopti), and the west (Kayes), In all, 1.870 million
people have been declared victims. The wave of national solidarity that
followed the appeal made last year by the head of state, General Moussa
Traore, and the current level of so-called security supplies have proven

to be insufficient for covering the needs of the stricken areas, Hence the
urgency for moving out the food lying in the different ports and to have
it reach the populations that are to receive it. Between acquiring the
means of transportation that Mali needs and putting them to use, some time
will probably pass.

This is certainly what Djibril Diallo was referring to when he cited the
proverb that says,"It is never too late to do better."

12413
CSO: 3419/482


cle’s confidence in South Africa's
economic recovery.

Nevertheless, the fact cannot be
ignored that, five years ago, the ex-
tension was planned on the assump-
tion that its completion would see a
healthier market.

Because this is not the case, the
company has had to face up toa num-
ber of challenges.

Temporary cutback

Chief among these are declining
demand from a cash-strapped con-
struction industry: increasing attri-
tion from Japanese imports; rising
transport costs (already 40% of selt-
ing prices) with the factory 250 km
from its. principle market; the drag
of surplus capacity on a price struc-
ture too high to compete overseas.

It has responded by putting three
of the original kilns in mothballs. It
is planned to withdraw a fourth from
‘operation soon, according to com-
mercial director Peter Kett. This will
cut overall production to. 1,7-mil-
lion t.

Cso: 3400/932

74


JPRS*SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

measure to curtail rising prices during a period of shortages. In recent years,
though, the South African steel industry has come under severe pressure because
of high internal production costs and the cheap price of "dumped" foreign

steel, much of it produced with the aid of government subsidies. Steel prices
were "traditionally". reviewed--and increased--in July of each year after the

go ahead from the government. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English

26 Jul 85 p 14]

DE BEERS SHARES HOLD--De Beers shareholders have been pleasantly surprised by
the manner in which the shares have held up inthe face of the overseas selling
onslaught. In fact, at its present price De Beers is at the same level as it
was at the beginning of July. And in the interim the vast majority of JSE-
listed counters with large overseas shareholdings have fallen several percent-
age points. The feedback I am getting on De Beers is positive--something
which no doubt accounts for the relative strength of the share. My Diagonal
Street sources tell me they have learnt of good American demand for large
gemstones, that significant inroads have been made into the De Beers stockpile,
and that the group's nebulous links with the Russians have been firmed up.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 11 Aug 85 p 2)

M-2 SUPPLY--The year-on-year M-2 money supply rose by 34% to R39.34bn in June
after a 21.87% May gain to R39.14bn, says the Reserve Bank. Narrowly-defined
M-1 rose year-on-year 20.77% to R25.58bn after a 24.82% rise to R25.75bn in
May. Broadly-defined M-3 growth, comprising M-2 and all other deposits of
the nonbank private sector, rose 20.47% in June to R44.83bn compared with a
20.19% rise to R44.15bn in May.--REUTER [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY
in English 12 Aug 85 p 1]

EASTERN CAPE EXODUS--Eastern Cape whites, uncertain about the region's economic
or political future, are packing their bags in increasing numbers and heading
inland, say furniture removal companies. The mini exodus is sustaining local
removal firms who have been bruised by the depressed property market and transfer
cutbacks. "There has been a noticeable increase in the number of people moving
to Johannesburg from the coast and particularly from Port Elizabeth," says
Pickfords' MD Dennis Kaye. Durban has also been noted as an area having a
drain of residents to the Highveld. The reasons are seen as economic rather
than political. Since the upsurge in unrest and introduction of the state of
emergency,. international operators have had a 40%-70% boost in the number of
people leaving South Africa. Opinions vary about who is leaving but Pickfords'
Kaye believes they are mainly professionals. "About 50% of the people we deal
with are heading for the UK. The rest are going to Australia, the US or
Canada," he says. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 12 Aug 85 p 4]

SABC CUTS COSTS--The wind of change is sweeping through the SABC as the corpora-
tion consolidates its executive structure and its radio and television services
in a bid to cut costs. The retirement of four of the corporation's top execu-
tives was announced yesterday. They all hold the position of deputy director-
general and are Mr Gert Yssel (management services), Mr Jack Siebert
(advertising services), Mr Dougie Mills (technical) and Mr. Pieter de Bruyn
(TV1). The statement said that the retirements were approved at a board meeting


JPRS*SSA*85~085
12 September 1985

The various exercises in execution, skill, and endurance, including the danger
of the "baptism of fire" when two heavy machineguns fired real ammunition over
a commando assaulting an "enemy" objective, made our Zairian friends proud,
and we were pleased. With the graduation on 31 May of the 3d commando
battalion, the training program for Chadian soldiers at Kota~koli comes to an
end. A total of 1,552 have been trained at Kota-koli since 30 April 1984,

These are men who are capable of carrying out both infantry and commando
missions, depending on the means put at their disposal in accordance with the
objectives assigned by the government of the Chad Republic. The minister of
national defense, veterans and war victims stated the main one of these
objectives to the 3d commando battalion at this ceremony: "It is to liberate
the half of the national territory occupied and ruled by Libya. And to do
this, the government will give you adequate means." 5

History of Cooperation
Ndjamena AL-WATAN in French 8 Jun 85 p 24
[Article by Madjioudou Laoundam Laoumai]

(Text] The military cooperation between Chad and Zaire is more than 15 years
old. Its birth virtually coincided with the establishment in April 1969 in
Ndjamena of the Union of Central African States (UEAC), including during its
life Zaire, Central Africa, and Chad. In the 1970's, a unit of police was
trained and equipped by Zaire, while two battalions of Parachute troops were
trained.

In .1983, Chad, the victim of a Libyan invasion, appealed for international
assistance. Zaire was the first country to send to us (August 1983) two
battalions, and Mirage and Macchi fighter planes to help the Chadian national
armed forces insure the defense of Chad.

On 30 April 1984, the Kota-koli commando training center reopened its gates
for training of Chadian soldiers. The program plan was to retrain three
battalions, or one regiment. On 31 May, this was completed, following
training of 1,552 commandos.

It is thus a program that has reached its conclusion, however the cooperation
in this field between the two countries has not ended.

9920
CSO: 3419/485


JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

Britmond's initial offer of $7.80. Azap quoted a top Miba official as saying
he was satisfied with the deal because Britmond usually paid up on delivery.
Zaire's 1984 production of 6.8 million carats is expected to shoot up to
seven million this year. REUTER [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English
12 Aug 85 p 13]

DURBAN UNREST COSTS--Damage to property in Durban's townships of Inanda and
Phoenix--after last week's riots in which more than. 60 people died--could
amount to more than R25m, community workers estimated yesterday. At Inanda
about 100 houses, shops and businesses were destroyed and two schools burned
down. The violence is thought to have been sparked by the murder of Durban
civil rights lawyer, Victoria Mxenge. She was shot dead outside her Umlazi
home on August 1. In an appeal to Indians and blacks to keep calm, Amichand
Rajbansi, Chief Minister of the House of Delegates, said he was in close and
constant touch with government and could assure families that police and army
action was readily available should further unrest break out. On Sunday,
angry crowds mobbed Rajbansi, demanding help to recover goods from their
burnt-out homes. Rajbansi and his Minister of Housing, Baldeo Dookie,
announced at the weekend government would be approached for an additional
R22m to rehouse families that had lost homes and goods. Rajen Dookie said
his family had lost more than Rlm in buildings and goods when their shop in
Amouti, Inanda, was destroyed by fire. All the Inanda Indian families whose
homes were lost would be rehoused within a month, Dookie said. His department
took over 58 new houses in Phoenix from the Durban City Council for allocation
for the Inanda displaced families. Rajbansi told Indians that those who
could not afford deposits for new houses in Phoenix would be assisted by way
of a special subsidy, estimated to cost the House of Delegates more than R10m.
Two doctors whose Inanda surgeries were destroyed had been offered employment
in the House of Delegates administration, Rajbansi said. The doctors were
attending to Inanda refugees at the Greenbury Community Centre in Phoenix, he
added. SAPA [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Aug 85 p 3]

MOTHBALLING OF PPC PLANT--Cape Town--PPC (Pretoria Portland Cement) is consider-
ing the mothballing of its new 600,000 ton per annum cement factory under con-
struction at Dwaalboom in the Northern Transvaal. MD Mr Guy Luyt said that
"because of the economic situation which has resulted in a drastic drop in
cement demand, it is unlikely that the new capacity will be required before
1987 according to current projections." Although the plant is, in line with
normal policy, being commissioned in stages as sections are completed, the
factory is due to come into full production only in 1986. Although the carry-
ing cost of nonoperating plant will be high, this is a far less costly alterna-
tive than shutting down an already operational factory. The factory at Dwaal-
boom has not yet been fully staffed and arrangements regarding existing staff
are in hand. "It is likely that we will be in a position to accommodate all
the operating staff currently employed at Dwaalboom." The cost of the Dwaal-
boom plant was well within the budget of R300 million, he said. Very keen
tender prices were obtained. In the longer term, PPC will be in a very
favourable position with no major capex requirements over the next few years,
while having sufficient capacity to cope with demand increases for a consider-
able period ahead.--SAPA [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Aug 85

p 16]

78


employers to improve working
conditions and facilities for their
workers.

Meanwhile, the _ Minister
announced Government deci-
sion to make New Year Day a
public holiday with immediate
effect. He was reacting to
remarks by Rombo MP Leons
Ngalai, who also wanted the
Government to make Boxing
Day a holiday. f

Ndugu Mwakawago stressed
that the Government needed
time to study the proposal to
introduce a five-day week. He
said a study by a special team
appointed to examine the idea
was being analysed.

The House unanimous!
approved 63.4m/- and “155.7m/-
for the ministry’s development
and recurrent _ expenditure,
respectively.”

the House session resumes
this morning to debate estimates
for the Vice-President’s Office.

cso: 3400/993

89

JPRS»SSA¥85~085
12 September 1985



Terminals on the shop floor will provide timely and accurate information

on -production activity and status. Another major benefit of this set-up

is that it will allow detailed planning and scheduling, and will highlight
shop floor problems as they occur, while giving shop floor management direct
control of the total system.

Says Iscar managing director Hannes Liebenberg: "The man on the shop floor
now controls and reports on his own activities and becomes master of his
environment. He knows what jobs are priorities and what's coming up, and
he has the ability to reschedule his workload himself."

Some of the BPCS modules acquired by Iscar incorporate bill of materials,
inventory, cost accounting, order entry, management report writing, capacity
planning and financial packages.

"We believe the capacity planning package provides unprecedented solutions,"
says Liebenberg. "It allows production control to identify capacity bottle-
necks and backlog problems before they occur. It pinpoints loading problems
at control work centres and allows for better scheduling, routing and man-
power planning."

Complementing these packages, the BPCS financial software will also be installed
at Iscar, providing thorough analysis for better control and improved return
on investment.

While Iscar has bought the entire BPCS package, the computerization plan will
be introduced in two phases—-the first of which will be financial, distribution
and some of the manufacturing packages.

cso: 3400/932

57



“The position is that we are,
far from being self-sufficient in
liquid fuels and the demand for;
such fuels is growing all the!
time. Therefore, we have a long:
road to travel to catch up with.
demand. Even if we should be!
extremely successful in finding:
large quantities of of] — and:
from our past performance, this’
does not seem very likely — we;
need not produce everything we;
find at the same time. :

“We should rather expect to,
solve our liquid-fuel needs by a
series of different smaller but!
viable projects, which will have}
the additional value of being;
Strategically less vulnerable. !

“We think the strategic and:
also the financial value of any;
locally produced fuel, is very,
high — just think of what South;
Africa’s position would have:
been with the recent drop in
the value of: the rand and the!
increase in the petrol price, if;
we did not have Sasol. H

“We also think that for the:
present there is no method for}
the manufacture of synthetic!
fuel that can beat the Soekor'
Proposal of using natural gas!
for this purpose.” H

cso: 3400/986

53



All this results in a feeling of helplessness among men with
families, barely able to meet all their needs,

Before this explosive situation--economically, socially, and
even politically--the government authorities have not been sit-
ting idle. Moreover, they could not do so.

They have proceeded with a reorganization of the country's
economic and financial structures and with some tightening of
the austerity measures, But these provisions have proved in-
sufficient, it seems, in view of the depth and persistence of
the crisis, In the words of the minister of the economy and
finance, Mamadou Toure, the government's new policy is to tight-
en these austerity measures even further and to make periodic
adjustments so as to even out the economic and financial imbal-
ances, But care must be taken to ensure that these adjustments
do not penalize those worst off. That is one of the opposition's
battle cries, their sensitivities all aroused.

It is indeed undeniable that further sacrifices must be made to
get out of this "turbulent period" in which the country's econo-
my is plunged, But in the opinion of some citizens, the restric-
tive measures should apply to everyone, beginning with those
most comfortably off, and the law on illegal enrichment should
be more strict.

Admittedly, a significant reduction in conventional embezzle-
ments and even in financial scandals has been observed, whatever
one may say. Nevertheless, powerful pockets of resistance re-
main, and the law has resulted in a hoarding of goods causing in
some reduction in the currency in circulation, and more insid-
ious methods have appeared in the manipulation of some funds and
in the disposition of ill-gotten gain, and all this to the de-
triment of the public treasury and most of the state revenue.

Nevertheless, the state has a great need of funds to meet its
operating expenses and to make investments. It is with this per-
spective that the current budget draft (1 July 1985--30 June
1986), the seventh 4-year development plan (1 July 1985--30 June
1989) and the new 7-year financial and economic recovery plan
(1985-1992) will be jointly carried out.

These three documents give evidence of a new economic philosophy
and include practical provisions which should enable Senegal to
deal with the crisis and rise above it between 1990 and 2000.
Considered in broad terms, it is a matter of endeavoring to
secure a financial balance in the major areas and to restore
economic growth. Moreover, this two-pronged approach will con-
stitute the basis for the government's economic policy for a
long time to come,

15



During the 1980s various bodies
have bent their energies towards
assessing the acid rain phenomenon
in South Africa.

Escom has been measuring suiphur
dioxide emission using a network of
sampling stations on the Transvaal
Highveld for some years. Acid rain :
collection and measurement is also
being done entailing on-site pH *
measurements and central laboratory
analysis. In addition Escom is making
a major contribution by instrumenting
an aircraft for aifborne studies of *
pollutant transformation and
transport. But since Escom is not
alone in the production of sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides, there is
aneed for other bodies to assist in
this work.

The Atmospheric Sciences Division
of the CSIR’S National Physical
Research Laboratory has since 1982
collected daily samples of airborne
dust, in two size ranges, at 17 sites.
Initially these sites were only in the
Transvaal but they now also include
part of the Free State. These
samples are analyzed for sulphate,
nitrate and other anions using ion
chromatography. In addition,
balloons and ground-based
meteorological measurements are
used to elucidate the transport of
pollutants. Acoustic sounding has
been used to reveal details of air
movements not observable by the’
older methods.

Research in the northern hemisphere
led scientists to believe that
photochemical pollutants may have a
synergistic (multiplicative) effect with
acid rain on plants.

The Schonland Research Centre for
Nuclear Sciences of the University of
the Witwatersrand is studying trace
metals in the Eastern Transvaal using
Proton-induced X-ray Emission
Analysis.

cso: 3400/932

4d

An inventory of pollution sources
originally drawn up by a firm of
consultants for the Department of
Health and Welfare during 1984, will
constantly be updated as new
information becomes available.

Because organic pollutants can lead
to the formation of photochemical
smog, the CSIR has started
measurements of organic pollutants

in the Eastern Transvaal using gas
chromatography and mass

spectrometry.

Much of the above work has been
furided by the Department of
Constitutional Development and
Planning and by the Department of
Health and Welfare.

In addition, the Hydrological
Research Institute of the Department
of Water Affairs is studying water
quality and rain chemistry.

These separate efforts are linked by
the Foundation for Research
Development of the CSIR which
facilitates information exchange and
research planning. The first results
from these studies should show
whether acid rain is at present a
threat to health and the environment
in South Africa or may become a
problem in the future. These early
studies should also show whether or
not we have given the right priority to
air pollution research.


According to attitudinal surveys, miners reacted positively to the cooler
environment and no undesirable effects were identified, the Chamber says.

Continuous monitoring for experimental purposes of the air quality in the area
proved that recirculation, itself, does not lead to any increase in the
contaminant concentration in the return air, or to a gradual buildup of any
contaminant.

Recirculation was not stopped during blasting as this would have meant the
refrigeration machine being shut dowy every day.

Should underground fires occur in the recirculation circuit, it is essential
that the location of the combustion be rapidly identified and the recirculation
fans stopped immediately to prevent the re-introduction of combustion products
into fresh intake air.

This has proved possible and effective at Loraine where an automatic safety
system based on the Becon fire detection system is used.

The introduction of controlled recirculation has also permitted production to
be increased from 6,000 tons to 18,000 t a month.

The capital and running costs of providing air by recirculation in this case
have been R231,000 and R50,000 respectively each year. These costs compare
very favourably with estimated figures of R423,000 and R230,000 for providing
the same quantity of air from surface.

As South African mining goes deeper, recirculation holds a key to coping with
the increasing dual problems of higher rock temperatures and the results of

autocompression (the same effect as compressing a bicycle pump with one's
finger covering the exit nozzle).

cso: 3400/932

48


IPRS#SSA"85*085
12 September 1985

NEW CUSTOMERS FOR WEAPONS--South Africa has found a new customer for its
weapons. After Somalia and Iraq, Thailand has indicated its interest in
South Africa's long-range G5 howitzers and in a general-purpose machine gun
made by Armscor, the South African arms manufacturer. According to South
African sources, a high-ranking military Thai team visited Pretoria recently
to examine the hardware. This is despite the recent UN Security Council
resolution calling on all countries to refrain from buying South African
weaponry. The earlier mandatory arms embargo forbids the selling of military
equipment to South Africa, but now such trade in the opposite direction is
causing alarm. Apparently the Thai Government is aware of this, because
the deal will go through a Hong Kong-based firm. [Text] [London AFRICA
CONFIDENTIAL in English 31 Jul 85 p 8]

TRADE WITH TAIWAN--The Republic of China expects a major increase soon in two-
way trade with South Africa, currently estimated at R500 million. It is short-
ly to import two million tons of coal. from South Africa and Taiwanese manufac-
turers are planning a major assault on the SA computer and communications
equipment markets. Figures recently released by the Taiwanese Economic Council
indicate that South Africa imported R52.6 million worth of products to the end
of April, while exports totalled R81.2 million. This meant imports had dropped
by 36.9 percent while exports were up 28.9 percent. But Taiwan's economic
counsellor, Mr C.C. Kan, expects a turnaround in the balance shortly as more
products are imported to supply Taiwanese factories in the national states.
There are now 42 such factories and Taiwan expects to expand them soon, par-
ticularly in the areas of textiles, footwear and food production. The extent
of the trade between the two countries has seen Taiwan's Nantai shipping line
introduce a third fully cellular vessel on the route. The Nantai Princess's
maiden voyage will see it dock in Durban for the first time within weeks.

Ports of call will include Kobe and Yokohama. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY
STAR in English 11 Aug 85 p 1] Taiwan and South Africa plan to increase two-
way trade. There are plans to increase commercial ties with the purchase by
Taiwan of about 2-million tons of coal while SA will increase imports of com-
munications and computer equipment. Taiwan now buys much of its coal from the
U.S. The volumes of television and hi-fi components for assembly in the
Transkei, Ciskei and Bophuthatswana are also to be increased. The economic
counsellor for Taiwan in SA, Chu-Chen kan, sees the balance of trade turning
around shortly as Saimports more products to support rapidly-growing industries
in the national states. Taiwan has 42 factories in these areas with plans to
expand them as soon as possible, particularly in the areas of textiles, foot-
wear and food. [Excerpts] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 13 Aug 85

P 3]

ZAIRE RENEWS GEM CONTRACT--Kinshasa-~Zaire has signed a new contract with
Britmond, a De Beers subsidiary, under which the South African firm will have
exclusive purchasing rights over the country's diamond production for the
next two years. The contract, which follows lengthy negotiations, was signed
last Saturday but was only disclosed today. It will replace an earlier agree-
ment reached in February 1983 which expired last March and guaranteed Zaire
$8.55 per carat. Sources close to Societe Miniere de Bakwanga (Miba), which
exploits the bulk of Zaire's vast diamond deposits, said the firm had
settled for a new lower price of $7.90 after rejecting as unsatisfactory

77



cso:

3400/973

‘of May, 1984, Similar
comparison show that the’
urban and rural indices
increased by 2,3 per cent
‘ard 4.1 respectively, ‘

‘The widespread use of chemical substan-
ces throughout the food chain had increa-
sed’ the risk of chemical contamination
of food in recent years’ observed the.
W.H.O."

10


“On a recent visit to London
one of Sockor's directors spoke
to a well-known banking group, ,
asking whether they would con-'
sider participating in a Soekor
project.

“Which project are you re-
ferring to?” the banker asked.
“Mossel Bay or Kudu?”

The banker had full details .
of both projects, Dr Van Zijl .

said.

“Recently it also pleased us
to see that some newspapers
were reporting Soekor news in
a more normal way — factual
and not unduly large headlines.

“T am thinking of the oil dis-
covery recently at ES which
was reported by papers in the
inside pages, whereas, just by
coincidence that day; a Soekor
secretary competing in the Miss
South Africa competition made
the front page. That is what one
might call getting your perspec-
tives right.”

Commenting on Soekor’s oil

prospecting programme off-*

shore, Dr Van Zijl said: “With
respect to the production and
conversion of the Mossel Bay
gas to liquid fuel, I can say
that we are more than pleased
“with the help and co-operation
in many different ways we are
getting, not only from the State,
_ but also from the private sector.

“We decided that we would
want participation of the pri:
vate sector in this project right
from the start, and we also felt
that the existing oil companies
in South Africa would be our
most natural partners. We have
‘approached them, and the result
is that Soekor and six oil com-
-panies are now having feasibili-
ty studies made on the offshore
and onshore portions of this
project.

“We also wanted to see that
South African engineering and
project management companies
play a significant role in these

studies, and in any follow-up:

work, but that naturally at the
same time we would make use
of all the overseas expertise
that has already been developed
in similar projects elsewhere.

“A very strong accent was
placed on technology transfer
to South Africa although in the
case of the onshore chemical
plant a considerable contribu-
tion to synfuel technology has
already been made by Sasol.

“The result of all this is that
now, and if the project should
get the green light, South Afri-
can engineering companies al-
ready have, and will have in
the future, an important role to
play — I may add that if the
project were to go ahead and
Soekor and its partners were to
appoint a financial adviser, we
would follow the same policy,
ie we would like to see a part-
nership of local and overseas
banks that will assist us.”

Dr Van Zijl went on: “If this
project goes ahead, there will
be a large variety of opportuni-
ties for South African com-
panies to participate in, from
all the different infrastructural
tasks to different heavy steel
engineering construction
projects.

“We cannot think of a more
favourable time for them to
compete with overseas com-
panies and sincerely would like
to wish them success. However,

-the expected low return on in-

vestment for this project would
not allow for preferential treat-
ment for South African com-
panies.

“The end result of all these.

"efforts — if it should be taken.
ito its conclusion — will be
+20 000 to 25 000 barrels which is

still a fairly low percentage of
our daily consumption of liquid
fuels. However, the way will

chave been paved for a repeat or

expansion in the future, ‘

“In the past, and especially:
now the question has been put}
to us: What would happen if Soe-}

kor should discover oil in eco}
nomic quantities? ‘



TANZANIA

Trade With Taiwan 77

Zaire Renews Gem Contract 77
Durban Unrest Costs 78
Mothballing of PPC Plant 78
Trade Surplus 79
Shipping Lethargy 79
Saa's U.S. Landing Rights 79
Steel Pricing System 79
De Beers Shares Hold 80
M-2 Supply 80
Eastern Cape Exodus 80
SABC Cuts Costs 80
Malelane Irrigation Scheme 81
Dundee/Glencoe Pump Station 81
M & P's Success 82
Trade With Africa Rises 82
White Jobless Figures 82
Reef Boycott Effects 82
Maize Harvest 83
Blacks Try Farming 83
UG2 Mine 83

Government Studying Salary Structure

(Mussa Lupatus DAILY NEWS, 23 Jul 85)..ccccecsesesecsces 84

Presidential Fund Offers 1.7 Million Loans

(DAILY NEWS, 23 Jul 85). ccccccecccccccvccccecsevescecces 86

Bank Priorities Outlined

(DAILY NEWS, 20 Jul 85).. teeeeeees 87

12,000 Civil Servants To Be Laid Off

(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 24 Jul 85).ccccsccccesccccecs 88

Transfer of Government to Dodoma Discussed

(DAILY NEWS, 23 Jul 85)scsececccccscccccsesccccccscccces 90

Editorial Comment 90
Incentive Measures, by Habbi Gunze 91

Sugar Production Level Down

(James Mwakisyala; DAILY NEWS, 24 Jul 85).sccccescsceeee 93

Power Supply Enables Production

(DAILY NEWS, 23 Jul 85)..seeee 94

Power Cuts Stop Production

(DAILY NEWS, 25 Jul 85)scccccevcccscccccscscevccscesenee 95

-d-



JPRS*SSA*85=085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE FOR METALS QUADRUPLES
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 pp 1, 2

[Text] Capital expenditure on the gold and uranium mines has expanded from
R448.3-million in 1978 to R1,645-million in 1984.

Capital expenditure figures expressed in 1984 prices suggest there was a real
increase of 70 percent in capital formation between 1978 and 1984, rather
than an apparent fourfold increase, according to the Chamber of Mines.

The steady capital expansion has created many new jobs and the total number
of people employed on the gold mines has increased from 434,422 in 1978 to
498,421 in 1984.

The total number of unskilled and skilled positions increased by 56,199 and
7,800 respectively during the period 1978 to 1984.

Gold and uranium mining constituted 9.8 percent of the GNP in 1984. The
peak was 16.3 percent in 1980.

The higher level of the percentage contribution of gold and uranium mining
to GNP not only reflects higher gold revenues, but also the increased value
added in gold and uranium mining arising from the growth of capital expenditure.

The ratio of fixed investment in mining to fixed investment in manufacturing
of 1:2 has remained more or less constant over the past seven years.

The relationship of fixed investment in mining to total national investment
has remained fairly stable exception of one or two years.

The projected level of capital expenditure in gold and uranium mines in 1985 is
R1L,962.9-million and R1,738.1-million in 1990. New jobs estimated to be created
are 2,509 and 9,618 respectively.

Once inflation is taken into account, the conclusion is one of declining real
capital expenditure. For the six-year period as a whole, capex is expected to

amount to R11,914~million--well in excess of the R7,131-million spend in the
six years preceding 1985.

cso: 3400/932

69



CSO:

3400/986

Currency | Coupon (%)| Borrower | Maturity Price (%)
1
DMARK....] 8% Escom 1/4/1990 | 98.65 |
8-3/8 Opt. of Posts |
Telecommunications | 16/6/1991} 97,26
8% RSA government. ]16/12/1991} 98 |
TM ‘SA Transport | 1/6/1988 | 99,26
12% RSA government {30/9/1991 :
7% ASA government |16/12/1887| i
ou Escom 4/3/1989
TM% Anglo American | 1/3/1987
11% RSA government |28/3/1989| 99,25
\ 10% Escom 30/8/1990} 97,76
a
sw. FRANC] 6-1/8 SATS. 7/10/1990, 98
i 6.3/8 SATS 28/5/1990| 98
| ; 64 Escom 40/1/1988 | 100
i

REPUBLIC OF

IRELAND EUROBONDS

Currency | Coupon (%) | © Borrower Maturity |Price (%)

D-MARK ....J 8% Ireland 1/1/1988 | 103
9% Ireland 16/9/1987 | 108,3
8-3/8 Ireland 6/1/1991 | 106.75
8h {roland 1/7/1890 | 103.26
8% Ireland 16/2/1989 | 91
12% Ireland 1/2/1988 | 102
12% troland 14/1/1990 107
12% Ireland 16/2/1991 | 107
1-3/8 roland 10/11/1993} 109,26
10% Ireland 18/1/1996 | 104,28

24

a


JPRS*SSA=85=085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MIDDELBURG STEEL PLANS TO DOUBLE 3CR12 PRODUCTION
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 18

[Text] The R400-million Middelburg Steel & Alloys (MS & A) mill represented,
on its completion, an immediate commitment to the South African economy.

It is the only producer of stainless steel in South Africa and, when the mill
was first planned, there was not so great a market for stainless steel in this
country.

Undaunted, MS.& A set out to create a market. The success of that. drive can be
seen in the wine and fisheries industries in the Cape, in sugar, paper and pulp
in Natal and in the mines, chemical and food-processing industries in the
Transvaal.

Middelburg has an annual turnover of R500-million. It exports to 22 countries
and this activity generates annual earnings of about R260-million.

MS & A produces 270,000 tons of ferrochrome a year.
As the only producer of stainless steel flat products on the African continent,
MS & A’has a capacity of 95,000 tons of plate, sheet and coil a year, with the

current product mix.

MS & A, a subsidiary of Barlow Rand, has been much in the news this year due to
its recovering financial performance after a setback two years ago.

What is clear, however, is that the money earned last year came from ferro—
chrome exports. Or, in other words, from the alloys division.

The stainless steel market overseas has been oversupplied, with consequent
pressure on prices. The downturn has been extremely severe.

This is an important point, because people have tended to confuse the good
overall results of MA & A with prosperity in the stainless steel industry.

67



"BIGGEST' SPLIT-CASING PUMP CASTINGS PRODUCED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 35

[Text]

cso:

The biggest split-casing pump cast-
ings ever made in South Africa are
being manufactured by Thomas
Foundry of Germiston for final in-
-stallation as the intake pumps for the
Rand Water Board scheme at Leth-
abo.

Four pumps are being provided
which will be driven by 3 600-kW
motors. They are capable of han-
dling 450-million litres of water a
day and have been designed with in-
take and delivery branches of 1,2-m
diameter.

These low pressure/high volume
pumps have been designed by Mather
& Platt incorporating the latest in
slow-speed pump technology, and
the castings are being manufactured
to strict quality control standards to
ensure high performance and good
water flow for continuous duty over
long periods.

Each pump is cast in two sections
(bottom and cap) in Meehanite GC
which is equivalent to a Grade 17
Cast Iron; 50 m’ of silica sand is used
to produce the cores and moulds, and
32 tons total mass of metal is poured
for each casing.

3400/932

60

The fettled mass of the
unmachined castings is 24 t
each.

In addition to these

large, intricate castings,

highly specialised castings

are also being provided by

Thomas Foundry for the
double-entry impellers re-
quired on each pump.

These are being pro-
duced in stainless steel to
BS 3100-1976 Grade
425C11, involving 6,5 m*
of chrome, zircon and sil-
ica sand for the core and
mould, and 4,5 tof poured
metal resulting in a fettled
mass of 1 700 kg for each
casting.

As each pump-casing is
completed, it is machined
and then delivered to
Mather & Platt for final
fettling, pressure-testing,
assembly and painting.

JPRS¥SSA"85°085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


be exposed to competition," said Mamadou Toure. He added that
"It's obvious; protected businesses don't have to do anything,
and acquire bad habits." Protectionism, therefore, although it
may have been necessary in the beginning for some sectors, will
be progressively reduced so as to increase production in the
areas under consideration, That is the government's philosophy.

"We must liberalize all that we can, and restore the ability of
industries to survive," the Senegalese banker said.

The outcome has been a general hue and cry among the ranks of
the political opposition parties, all of which (except one) are
socialist: whether scientific, labor, self-managing, or of some
other stripe, There is the same general hue and cry in those
ranks when it comes to state relations with the World Bank and
the IMF, The opposition vehemently condemns what it considers
the dictatorship of these institutional groups over the govern-
ment.

The various members of government with President Abdou Diouf at
their head reject this with the same vehemence. His minister of
planning and cooperation, Cheick Hamidou Kane, concluded by say-
ing that "what straitjackets us is not our relations with the
World Bank and the IMF, but rather our economic situation."

But the opposition will not desist and continues to reproach the
government with its acceptance "without any reaction" of "insup-
portable" conditions governing the allocation of loans from that
institution (excessive interest rates, short repayment period
and, above all, the liberalization of prices, better known under
the label "realistic prices.")

Among other things, it reproaches the authorities for having
"agreed" to restrict itself in investment basically to the four
main so-called productive areas: agriculture, fisheries, tour-
ism, and industry; the so-called nonproductive sectors would ex-
perience some slowing in the realization of infrastructures
(since a great deal of effort has been expended in these areas
since independence) and would follow a maintenance and rehabi-
litation policy. This was the option the government decided to
pursue.

Thus more sustained attention will be given to agricultural de-
velopment in order to achieve self-sufficiency in food by
strengthening the policy of controlling the water supply by
means of wells and dams, land and manpower being available.
Minister Bator Diop therefore dreams of a movement to return to
the villages stimulated by the extent of irrigable land, because
of the expanse that the wells and water reservoirs will make it
possible to farm, and all the other repercussions expected.

17



IJPRS*SSA=85~085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DESCRIPTION OF VENTERSDORP COMMANDO

Pretoria PARATUS in English Aug 85 pp 18-19

[Article by L. Cp. R. E. Fish]

[Text]

The first impression gained on entering Venters-
dorp Commando Headquarters is one of excellent
organization, neatness and diligence from Com-
mando members. Situated in Ventersdorp itself,
the HQ is spacious and contains an open area re-
ception room, an operations room, an information
centre, a large lecture hall, a signals department

as well as a quartermaster’s store.

HE Commanding Officer,

Cmdt Hendrik Visser, has

roughly 4000 km? of

sparsely populated land to

deal with. However, with the
men he has at his disposal, it is an
extremely highly motivated Com-
mando — proof being that all mem-
bers are volunteers.

The Commando is split into two
companies. ‘A Company deals, with
the eastern section of the area, whilst
B Company deals with the western
side. Amazingly, of the men under 54
years of age in A Company's area,
90% belong to the Commando — a
figure any Commando would be
proud of.

A Continuous task of Cmdt Vis-
ser’s is gaining new members. The
Ventersdorp district has a population
of roughly 5 000 people and to make
matters more difficult in the recruit-
ing sense, 45% of that population are
over 50 years old.

The Commando has members that
belong to all sorts of professions.
They include businéssmen, attor-
neys, pharmacists, veterinarians,
doctors, shop owners and farmers as
well as a host of others. The majority
of its members, however, are farm-
ers.

For this reason the training is se-
perated between members living in
Ventersdorp itself, and those who
live in the outlying areas. For the
farmers, most of them maize farmers,
training must be done out of season.

With most of the men having
already served 10 to 15 years in the
Commando, the level of experience
is vast. Many of the newer members
come from Citizen Force units and it
is therefore, according to Cmdt Vis-
ser, necessary for the Commando to
incorporate Operation Buttermilk.

The Commando works in close
conjunction with the South African
Police, manning road blocks and pa-
mando -have shot.at.the prestigious
Bisley. In 1984 a Commando mem-
ber, Maj J.J. du Toit, was selected for
the Honoris team, and in April 1985
S Sgt du Toit was also selected for
the Honoris team.

One of the highlights of the Com-
mando’s history was in 1983 when
they received the Freedom of Ven-
tersdorp.

Due to the nature of the business
of most of the men in the Com-
mando, border service as a Com-
mando has not been done since
1979. The Commando’s latest

34


MAJOR ADVANCES IN OPTICAL FIBER MARKET REPORTED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in'English 16 Aug 85 p 8

[Article by Matthew White]
[Text]

TWO MAJOR advances in tele-
communications technology were
marked yesterday with the offi-
cial opening in Brits of the coun-
try’s first optical fibre drawing
plant, and an announcement b'

the Aberdare group that it is al-
ready in production in Port Eliza-
beth with the most advanced fibre
coating plant in Africa. .

This follows months of controversy
over the establishment of a local opti-
cal fibre industry.

Some industry observers doubt
whether the relatively small SA mar-
ket can justify local manufacture,
given that advances in the technology
overseas could soon make local pro-
duction techniques obsolete.

Clearly, however, the Department
of Posts and Telecommunications
(P&T) has no such doubts — or is su-

ressing them on grounds of the stra-
t ic importance of establishing the
industry in SA.

At the opening of ATC’s plant in
Brits yesterday, MD Peter Watt an-
nounced that expansion plans are al-
ready under way to double its capa-
city. The expansion programme is
scheduled to be completed early next
yor when the cost of the plant will

ave risen from the original R9m to
about R20m.

Watt said there are many reasons
for the expansion, butchief among
them is that, in future, all long-dis-
tance telecommunication in SA will
be by means of optical fibre. In addi-
tion, however,“ a whole range of new

markets have opened up” since ATC
started work on its plant last year.

There are tremendous opportuni-
ties in industry in general, he said, as
noisy and other environmental forces
create interference with convention-
al cable.

ATC is controlled by the UK
groups, BICC, GEC and STC, with

low Rand holding 25%,

Aberdare’s move was announced
jointly yesterday by Bev Pyke, MD of
the Aberdare group, and Ken Maud,
executive director of Allied Electro-
nics Corp (Altron) and deputy chief
executive of the Altech group.

A month ago the Aberdare grou
officially merged with Powertech’s
Scottish Cables and Asea Cables sub-
sidiaries to form a significant SA
cable company with sales of more
than R230m a year. Philips Electro-
nic Holdings has a 50% share in the
venture.

Pyke said the facility will be the
first SA-controlled fibre optic plant to
be opened, and is the only one of its
kind in Africa.

“The plant will use the most ad-
vanced technology in the world,
drawing on the vast resources of its
two major shareholders, Asea Elec-
tric SA and Philips Electronic Hold-
ings, with their considerable interna-
tional links and vast fibre optic tech-
nology. :

“] believe our facility marks a Sig
nificant step to make SA self-suffi-
cient in this high technology arena
and will keep the Republic abreast of
the latest world developments in this
field for the foreseeable future.”

54

JPRS¥SSA“85~085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA!

>


In sum, the idea is to reduce the dependence and vulnerability
of the national economy, to consolidate the nation's potential
by more endogenous development, and to set in motion procedures
in the countryside to balance living conditions between rural
and urban dwellers. :

"your policy will fail," Abdoulaye Wade said categorically. He
thus seems to be taking up one of the slogans of his supporters
which says "nu ni diik" (we are sinking). But Wade refuses to
disclose the solutions which he thinks most appropriate for sav-
ing the country, no doubt for fear of plagiarism, Nevertheless,
he says he is ready to cross swords in public debate on the
question with anyone the president of the republic wants to
appoint, and at the same time his party is ready to discuss its
plan with all other political parties.

Mamadou Toure's reply was that "we will incorporate all propos-
als likely to improve on what we are doing," and at the same
time declared that "we do not claim to have a monopoly on the
truth."

"puritan" Mamadou Fall, in particular, who has just created
Senegal's 16th political party immediately followed suit by
declaring forcefully that "no one holds a monopoly on the
truth." This, moreover, seems to be the viewpoint of the major—
ity of thinking Senegalese.

At this point, a few glimpses of a national consensus seem to be
visible, This concept constituted Mamadou Toure's final pitch at
the conclusion of the recent parliamentary debate on the new
state budget last 1 June. "No economic recovery is possible
without a consensus...The search for a consensus is indispens-
able," he said,

He therefore appealed for dialogue and concerted action, espe-
cially during the period of exceptional crisis which Senegal is
currently going through.

In part, this was the desire expressed by President Diouf after
his accession to the highest office, when he spoke of reuniting
all Senegalese,

Recently (in mid-May), the head of state repeated his appeal:
"We must agree to unite in a fraternal way around what is essen-
tial, that is to say, abandoning absurd quarrels, to march along
the same road."

For Senegal, what is essential is to emerge from its economic

crisis, "And Senegal can emerge from it," Minister Cheick
Hamidou Kane declared.

20


BANK PRIORITIES OUTLINED

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Jul 85 p 5

[Text] “THE Bank of Tanzania (BOT) |

cso:

will give first priority to importa-
tion of agricultural machinery,
farm implements, and vehicles in
‘a move to improve the country's
economy, Shihata reported.
The Bank’s Governor, Ndugu
‘Charles Nyirabu, said this in a

aper titled “The Role of the |

ank of Tanzania Promoting
Primary Production in ‘Tan-
zania” he presented on Thurs-
"Way to the seminar of the
National Bank of Commerce

(NBC) on Primary Production
Clients, being held in Mbeya.
Ndugu Nyirabu said the BOT
“was actively co-operating with
other financial institutions in the
country to put favourable credit
conditions for the development
of modern agriculture.
He said loans extended to the
“agricultural sector had always
enjoyed concessionary rates, fol-
lowed by the export promotion

area on which the Bank had now

put emphasis for the country to
earn foreign exchange:

Ndugu Nyirabu, however,
said efforts should be made by
banks in the country to simplify
credit procedures while inter-
institutional relationship should
be maintained, co-ordinated and
improved.

le also explained how the
Bank played an active role in
economic reconstruction and the
mechanism of credit planning.

Meanwhile, the NBC is now
offering long-term finance for

3400/993 j

87

the establishment of economi-
cally viable projects in the prim-
ary production sector in accor-
dance with the country’s policy:

NBC Chairman and Managing
Director Amon Nsekela said in
view of the importance of the
primary production sector, the

ank was also financing small
scale industries on long-term
basis.

Presenting a paper to the on-|

joing NBC clients seminar in
lbeya on Thursday Ndugu
Nsekela described the move as a
challenge to the Bank despite its
vast financial resources of seven
billion/- which was yet to be
inyested in government stock.
He expressed the hope, how-
ever, that the Bank would be
able to take the challenge of

- extending loans to the rural

population with less difficulty
since it had branches and agen-
cies all over the country.

Ndugu Nsekela urged finan-

cial institutions, government °

agencies and parastatal organi-
sations’ to ‘co-ordinate whén
working out strategies for
increased production and expor-
tation of crops and goods to get
tid of the foreign exch

lem in the country.

range prob-

JPRS*SSA#85"085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA



JPRS*SSA*85#085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

EXPERT ON EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
Pretoria SCLENTIAE in English Apr-Jun 85 pp 24-28

[Article by Dr Bruce Wells: "Acid From the Skies"]

Tex:
[Text ] Bruce Wells, of the Atmospheric

Sciences Divisicn of the CSIR's
National Physical Research
Laboratory, is the author of this article
dealing with the occurrence of acid
rain in South Africa. He holds a Ph D
degree in Organic Chemistry from the
University of Natal. For the past ten
years he has devoted his research
effort to various aspects of air
pollution, such as the presence of
trace metals, organic compounds and

asbestos in the atmosphere.

There is major concern throughout
the world over the pollution
phenomenon known as acid rain.
Concentrated research efforts have
been aimed at establishing the
dimensions of the problem to
discover now serious is the threat to
Earth’s forests, lakes and rivers as
well as man-made structures.

By studying the physical processes
involved in the formation of acid rain,
scientists aim to provide a sound
basis by means of which the problem
can be properly assessed. A better
understanding of the phenomenon
will improve the possibility of finding
a solution.

Acidity in rainwater can be caused by
various substances which release
positively charged hydrogen ions.
Most commonly these would be

41

strong acids such as sulphuric, nitric
and hydrochloric acid or weak
organic acids such as acetic, formic
or propionic acid.

The earth's atmosphere always
contains a small amount of natural
carbon dioxide which dissolves in
even the purest rain to form carbonic
acid resulting in-water with a pH of
5,6. Any rain with an acidity greater
than this, that is with a pH less than
5,6 has in the’past often been
regarded as unnaturally acidic. This
definition of acid rain can no'longer
be seen as correct. Several workers
in different parts of the world have
shown that rain, even in remote
places, may contain natural organic
acids that reduce the pH to as low as
4,5. To define acid rain it should
perhaps be specified that the acidity
be primarily caused by man-made



JPRS*SSA*85~085
12 September 1985

M & P'S SUCCESS--Despite the poor economic forecasts for the engineering industry,
Elandsfontein-based pump manufacturer Mather & Platt has achieved considerable
success in recent months in securing important pump contracts for major water
supply schemes. Over the past quarter, Mather & Platt has received major contracts
from the Department of Water Affairs and the Rand Water Board in the face of severe
local competition. The contracts include four pump-sets for the Kilburn II pump
station, three for the Scheiding pump station near Luckhoff in the southern

Orange Free Zone, two contracts for the Rand Water Board, one for the Vereeniging
Treatment Works and the other for the supply of raw water to Iscor's Vanderbjlpark
plant. These orders have been supplemented by a recent export success, one against
severe international competetion, for two-stage horizontal split casing pumps

for a mine in Bolivia. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English

18 Jul 85 p 38]

TRADE WITH AFRICA RISES--While a number of Western nations are threatening to
reduce their investments in South Africa, that country's exports to the rest
of Africa could total 1.8 billion rand, the equivalent of $900 million, this
year, if the present trend continues. During the first 5 months of the year
these exports had already doubled over the previous similar period, according
to the South African Foreign Trade Office (SAFTO). Such an achievement would
be a record in rand terms, since South African sales to other African countries
have never exceeded 1.1 billion rand since 1980. Industrial and agricultural
equipment, building materials, medical supplies, wheat and tinned food comprise
the bulk of these exports, the head of SAFTO's African division, Jean Caffin,
said recently. [Text] [London THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English

27 Jul 85 p 6]

WHITE JOBLESS FIGURES--There is still no indication of serious unemployment
among whites, figures issued yesterday by Central Statistical Services
indicate. Even in the depressed motor trade the numbers employed of all races
sagged only slightly from March last year to March this year, from 114,000 to
113,200. White workers decreased by 800 to 43,500. In the wholesale trade
total employment actually increased by 900 to 219,200, The number of white
workers decreased by 800 to 84,700. The total employed in the retail trade
increased by 4,200 to 380,700. White workers decreased by 700 to 130,300.

The staff of the 22 control boards increased by 81 to 3,679. The whites
employed fell by 18 to 2,179. In the troubled hotel industry the total numbers
employed in the year to March fell by 900 to 49,800, Whites decreased by

100 to 8,100, [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 15 Aug 85 p 5]

REEF BOYCOTT EFFECTS--The black consumer boycott of white-owned stores, which
spread to the Reef this week, has had a noticeable impact on trading, retailers
report. Businessmen believe it is too soon to judge the extent and success

of the boycott, but many traders admit turnover is down and business slower
than expected. Yesterday the Johannesburg Chamber of Commerce expressed con-
cern about the boycott, "We are not treating it lightly, but it is still too
early to assess the full impact," said assistant GM Andre Malherbe. Some stores
had their worst day this year on Saturday and many reported turnover was down
as much as 40 percent. OK Bazaars manager Ken Coote said it was too soon to
tell whether the boycott was working in Johannesburg. But a random check at
supermarkets indicated that the stores were quiet. Hardest hit by the consumer

82


Steloy is fully equipped to supply the market with high-quality stainless
steel castings and to assist it to replace conventional products with stain-
less steel.

“The local market is becoming more sophisticated regarding quality assurance

and Steloy is equipped to manufacture castings according to SABSO157-Part II 1979
quality assurance guidelines or any other QA specification required by a
manufacturer," Slabbert said.

The executives of the new company enjoy a combined 80 years' experience in the
foundry field.

In addition to Slabbert, who is a well-known industrialist in his own right,
Willem de Beer is an experienced stainless steel foundry production manager.
Apie Kruger was the former foundry manager of a large engineering foundry and
Hardy Kroll has previous experience as sales manager for a stainless steel
foundry.

cso: 3400/932

59



JPRS=SSA"85~085
12 September 1985

stay~away are general traders, butchers and bottle stores in the PWV area.
The UDF's consumer boycatt committee has urged blacks to buy their goods in
the townships until the boycott call ends on 26 August. As a result, black
entrepreneurs reported a slight improvement in sales yesterday.

[Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 14 Aug 85 p 1]

MAIZE HARVEST--This year's 7-million-ton maize harvest would be sufficient

to meet domestic demand and provide exports to neighbouring territories, includ-
ing Swaziland, Botswana and Lesotho, the National Association of Maize
Producers’ GM Piet Gous said yesterday. There would be no need for imports
"but, had it not been for those last-minute rains in February, the crop

would have been a disaster and the country would have had to spend up to

Rlbn on imports." The rains on 14, 15 and 16 came as a "Little miracle"

and rescued the crop. On the 1985-86 crop, Gous said he expected the same
area--about 3.5-million ha--to be planted. There was hope among farmers, too,
that the cycle of hot, dry summers was over and that the coming summer would
see a return to normal conditions. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English
14 Aug 85 p 4]

BLACKS TRY FARMING--More than 21,400 Black farmers have been settled on about
70,00 [as printed] hectares in the six self-governing national states, accord-
ing to a statement issued in Pretoria yesterday by the Department of Coopera~
tion and Development. The projects comprised citrus and sugar cane cultivation,
dry land cropping and stockbreeding.--SAPA. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN
in English 21 Aug 85 p 23]

UG2 MINE~-Rustenburg Platinum has reached a decision to mine the UG2 reef at
its Union section. This follows lengthy and intensive examinations of the
potential of the reef. The Ivan plant has been modified to treat this ore
which has different characteristics to the mine's recovery from the Merensky
Reef. Recovery from the UG2 is seen as a very important extention to the life
of the Rusplats mines, although the Merensky Reef will remain for the present
the preferred source of ore. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

14 Aug 85 p 13]

CsO: 3400/986

83



The problem, of, A spokesman for
course,"is that officials ; KwaZulu even went
at that level probably ‘on TV totell the
told their seniors, who. iwhites of this country
told the Government, that peace-loving peo-
that the problem was a | ple had taken over,
minor one.“Our and‘ the situation was
blacks are good, it’s under control while

“only a few agitators places blew up even at
who are trying to stir , that time.

up trouble, But the- So what do people
situation is under con-' actually want? Well
trol.” That is what they even if Mr Botha had
probably said. made any significant

Only later on did “academic and political
they realise that the ' statements, the unrest
situation was far from in townships will conti-
being “under control”. nue. Simply because
In fact, they have lost , those. changes do not
control completely, mean, in the short to
and the people in this, medium term, better
and other townships, lives to the average
are mad at the authori- ' person.
ties and anything and And that, unfortu-
anybody that is seen to nately, is the imme-
represent those autho- diate demand. The
Tities. root of the problem, so

Only last week, the to speak.

Financial Mail was
waxing lyrically about
how the situation in
Natal was under con- |
trol. Many whites, par-
ticularly those who see
Chief Gatsha Buthe-
lezi as the saviour of
this country, thought
that Inkatha had the
townships in Natal un-
der control. They
thought it represented
full support for Inka-,
tha and Chief Buthe-
lezi.
Ofcourse, they
were wrong. As usual.
And even the autho-
rities thought when
trouble first broke out
that it would only be a
matter of time before
Inkatha got the situa-
tion under control. In-
deed, it took quite
some time before re-
inforcements were sent
down to Natal to quell
the unrest — and this
was only done when it
was realised that Inka- '
tha could not control | i
the situation any | ‘
longer. .

CSO: 3400/ 968 28


strengthen the national concord and to preserve Chad with its 1,284,000 square
kilometers.

Question: How is the morale of the FANT units at Kalait?

I. D.s You have seen for yourself in mingling with them. They have a morale
of iron.

9920
CSO: 3419/485


Acid rain, acid dust

ina country such as South Africa,
with a dry climate, strong acids are
formed by the action of light and air
on sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides which may adhere to the
surface of dust particles or condense
to form droplets. This acidic dust
may either be washed out to form
acid rain or be blown through the air
and slowly fall to earth and be
deposited on plants, on the ground
or in bodies of water. This acid
deposition process, as scientists
prefer to call it, does not, however,
appeal to the imagination nearly as
strongly as the vision of ‘acid rain’.
Consequently there has been less
outcry about acid deposition.
However. even scientists concede
that the term ‘acid rain’ is here to
stay in our language.

What can be done?

What can be done to reduce
emissions of sulphur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides? At present various
scrubbing technologies exist but they
can add hundreds of millions of
rands to the price of a new power
station and hence to the public’s
electricity bill. These control methods
also generate extensive solid waste
disposal problems. For example,
using lime to remove sulphur dioxide
produces large amounts of gypsum
for which there is only a limited
market. Anyone who has seen the
gypsum ‘lake’ at Richards Bay will
appreciate the disadvantages of
gypsum in excess.

lf research does prove the need for
controls we may have to radically re-
design our combustion methods
rather than add controls piggy-back
onto old-style plants.

The South African scene

Much research has been done in the
northern hemisphere on the effects of

The four photographs above show pollution
visible to the public. This emission of smoke is
controlled by the use of filters and
precipitators. However, gases such as sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides pass these
controls and subsequently lead to acid
formation.

43

acid rain. But the South Afican
pollution situation needs to be
studied in context. What is needed is:

@ An inventory of all sources of
sulphur dioxide and nitrogen
oxides;

@ A sampling network extending
from polluted to clean areas to
measure sulphur dioxide,
chemicals in rain, ions in airborne
dust and meteorological
conditions;

@ Studies of other pollutants, such
as trace metals and organic
compounds;

@ Quality control systems to ensure
the reliability of information
collected;

@ Studies of water quality in rivers
and dams to determine to what
extent acid rain is.neutralized by
our soils;

@ Airborne measurement of
pollutants during summer and
winter to supplement ground
measurements;

® Susceptibility of South African
plants and crops to combinations
of pollutants actually occurring.

[Photo caption]

Bluegum trees found near a Transvaal factory
showed unusually high sulphate content when
analyzed by means of ion chromatography.
This is direct contamination, not acid rain, and
up to now has rarely occurred



JPRS*SSA"85*085
12 September. 1985

CHAD

FANT COMMANDER ON ARMY MORALE AT FRONT
Ndjamena AL-WATAN in French 8 Jun 85 p 6

[Press interview with Idriss Deby, chief of staff and commander in chief of
the FANT, reported by R. Moussa Ndorkoi; date and place not specified]

[Text] The chief of staff and commander in chief of the FANT [Chadian
National Armed Forces], who was at Kalait with the head of state, granted an
interview to the national press during which he stated that the morale of
soldiers at the Kalait forward front is high. It could not be otherwise, when
you realize that these fighters are resolved and determined to liberate the
national territory up to Aouzou.

Question: Mr Commander in Chief, you received the head of state at
headquarters. What were your impressions after that meeting?

Idriss Deby: My impressions are the same as those of all the soldiers at
Kalait or elsewhere in Chad. We are aware that the president attaches great
importance to the FANT. This importance is demonstrated by the head of
state's presence among us at the forward front, where our forces have been
stationed since September 1983.

Question: What is the significance of the visit of the supreme commander of
the forces to the forward front?

I. Des The head of state, amid his numerous concerns, has given priority to
the forward front at Kalait in order to be able to spend a little time with
the fighters, who are facing the sworn enemy of the Chadian people.

Question: Have you a message to address to the FANT on the occasion of
celebration of the third anniversary of 7 June?

I. De: The FANT has heard the message to the nation of the president of the
republic.

Nevertheless, I can say that our army, as the head of state has always said,
is becoming an army that is numerous, disciplined, and effective on the
operational level in face of the Libyan aggression. I call on the Chadian
National Armed Forces to fully undertake their mission. I urge them to



national defence structure after the Sec-
‘ond World War may be said to have been
initiated in 1963 with the establishment of
the SA Cape Corps. Today Coloured, In-
dian and black Permanent Force mem-
bers, together with their dependents, en-
joy the same medical benefits as their
white counterparts.

Coloured volunteers were accepted for
42 months training as infantrymen in 1976
and in the current phase of military opera-
tions the Corps has acquired the substan-
tial status of a fully-fledged fighting unit
which has, in tours of duty in-the Opera-
tional Area of SWA/Namibia, displayed a
high standard of efficiency; discipline and.
military élan.

1980 will be remembered as a very sig-
nificant year for the SA Cape Corps as
three new.units, namely. their.own Cape.
Corps School, a fully-fledged infantry bat-
tation and a maintenance unit were estab-
lished at Eersterivier, During this time the
training period of voluntary national ser-
vicemen’ was extended from. 12 to 24
months.

The SA Cape Corps was the first non-

white unit in-the South African Defence .

Force from whose rank and file-emerged
members who qualified for appointment
to commissioned rank. The firstgroup re-
ceived their commissions in 1975 and in
1980 a number had progressed. to the
rank of major. At present there Is.an.es-
tablished cadre of Coloured officers In
the South African Defence Force holding
ranks from junior officers. to that of co-
lonel. A number who have already com-
pleted the two year service.and have been
retained at their own request for an indefi-
nite period, serve in the Commandos and
Citizen Force.

It is interesting to note that the majority
of this contingency have specifically ap-

plied for active service in the Operational

Area.

SA NAVY

T HE SA Navy. first: began recruiting
Coloured seamen in 1963. So suc-
cessful has this recruiting campaign been
that it was stepped: up in subsequent
years and Coloureds are now employed in
various posts throughout the Navy inter-
alia as store clerks, marines, walters, mili-
tary police and chefs: They also form part
of the crews of strike craft and other sur-
face vessels — in one particular:instance
Coloured personnel make‘up 31 per cent
of the total staff complement. Between
1982 and 1983.the number of Coloured
commissioned officers and other ranks in
the SA Navy increased significantly and at
this stage Coloureds {all ranks) comprise
numerically about 18 per cent of Navy
personnel. .

Following .a decision that Coloureds
could also join the South African Air
Force, the first batch of 25 men were
transferred from the Cape Corps to the
Air Force in January 1977 to.be trained as
ground personnel. Trained personnel in-
clude inter alia firemen, intelligence staff,
technical and administrative-clerks, driv-
ers, chefs,-store clerks, bricklayers and
carpenters.

A number of Coloureds are employed
in the South African Medical: Service as
clerks in the personnel and logistic divi-
sions.

HE incorporation of Coloured volun-

teers into the SADF paved the way for
the establishment of a SA indian Corps
Training Battalion on 15 January 1975,
Re-designated SAS JALSENA in 1979, the
establishment of the unit came about
after representation had been made by
the Indian Council and other Indian bod-
jes for the creation of a training corps unit
manned by Indian South Africans.

As in.the case of the SA Cape Corps,
indian candidates were accepted for the
SA Navy's candidate officers’ course in
1977, and In 1978 the first Indian midship-
man qualified for appointment to com-
missioned rank. Under a new system
which commenced in 1980, the training
period lasts 24 months, eleven of which
are spent at SAS JALSENA. Although the
initial enlistment takes place on a volun-
tary basis, approximately 95 per cent ap-
ply to join the Permanent Force on com-
pletion of their basic training. Most of the
instructors at SAS JALSENA are Indians,
and trainees go through an exacting
course in seamanship, ships’ recognition,
physical training, rifle drill and related
disciplines.

Trainees who have the necessary edu-
cational standard and who have proved
their leadership potential during training
may be selected as officer candidates and
be sent to the SA Naval College, Gordon's
Bay for officer training. The present
scope of employment for Indian Service-
men in the Permanent Force Includes in-
ter alia gunners (Navy), policemen (dog

“ handlers), stewards, chefs, drivers, clerks,

divers, hydrographic surveyors and ship-
wrights.

Between 1982 and 1983 the number of
Indians (other ranks) in the South African
Navy showed a significant increase of al-
most 23 per cent, compared with a de-
crease of about 2 per cent for whites over
the same period. In December 1963 a
number of Indians held commissioned
ranks in the Navy. A restricted number of
Indians are employed In the South African
Army, Air Force and Medical Service.



More than ever, therefore, austerity and rigor constitute the
key words for the recovery that must be achieved. All parties
are in agreement on that: the political parties in power as well
as those in the opposition.

The nation's tendency to consume more than it produces is unani-
mously recognized. And so are past errors in the choice of in-
vestments.

"The government's diagnosis is a good one," admitted Abdoulaye
Wade, leader of the main opposition party, the Senegalese Demo-
cratic Party (PDS).

But opinions generally differ on the remedy. The government's
two main options consist in the disengagement of the state in
rural affairs, and appealing for outside capital, in particular
from the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to
finance development without neglecting increasing local savings.

When it comes to rural affairs, the plan is to eliminate most of
the state run companies and to promote greater responsibility
among farmers by creating village cooperatives which would take
care of production and processing, as well as the eventual mar-
keting of the products.

Wade believes that "this liberalization process in rural affairs
is the most serious decision made in Senegal since "indepen-
dence." "To tell the Senegalese farmer that he can grow what he
wants is to restrict him to export crops," he added.

Nearly all the other political parties are also against the
government's decision.

Spokesmen for the farmers have also expressed some concern

about the changes that have been made, particularly their lack
of seed (this year at least), a certain area "specialization" in
crops, and the speculation they would be subject to from ex-
ploitive transporters. In some places, there is even talk of a
"new generation ofslave.: drivers." Bator Diop, minister of rural
development, kept on saying that he knew nothing about that. His
basic arguments can be summed up in this way: the Senegalese
farmer has come of age, can gain access to all production tech-
niques, and must be brought to accept his own responsiblility,
and become an entrepreneur; the cooperatives could themselves
take care of the shipping of their products, There are areas (in
the north) where the drought has made peanut growing problemat-
ic; state expenses for providing assistance are excessive.

This last factor, moreover, is given a lot of consideration in
the other sectors, This is particularly the case in industry
where increasingly the authorities deem state protectionism
harmful to business aggressiveness, "Hesitating businesses must

16


PAPER WARNS OF MULTINATIONAL FARMING PERILS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 8 Aug 85 p 1

[Editorial]

AGRICULTURE. for long the backbone. ot our
economy and the biggest employer of-labour in
the country, has witnessed many turns of for-
tune. From the colonial and early years of in-
dependence when agriculture was the main
foreign exchange earner to date when it cannot
even feed Nigeria’s population, so many
agricultural policies have been implemented —
with varying degrees of failure.

But one thing is clear enough: agriculture has
continued to receive priority attention in the
allocation of funds from our various govern-
ments, especially under the Third and Fourth Na-
tional Development Plans. What has been lack-
ing is the right policy with which to apply the
funds. All the emphasis has been on haphazard
mechanisation, massive importation of fer-
tilizer without much regard te our indigenous
agricultural culture. It is when all has failed that
all attention turned to large-scale farming.

Admittedly, targe-scale farming can boost
our food production. and if pursued with
unrelenting zeal and the correct emphasis it
can succeed in turning this country into an ex-
porter of. agricultural produce. Perhaps it is
this belief and desire that is at the back of the
present government's support for it. The
government, nevertheless, must take note of
some very important developments in this
regard, especially since multinational corpora-
tions happen to be among the farmers with
which it must henceforth contend.

The Bauchi State Government seemed to

have set the trend by laying down conditions te
the thirty companies that applied to be
allocated the 20,000 hectares reserved for large
farms. We, however, feel that the conditions
laid down will only ensure the viability of the
farms. They will not properly address
themselves to the grave social problems that
the establishment of the farms will produce.

11

JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

NIGERIA



Construction of Technical College To Begin
(DAILY NEWS, 27 Jul 85).sccccccccccccvcceccccsscecvcceces

Italian Firm Furnishes Construction Equipment
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Jul 85).sccccccccccsnccecccsccsecssccens

Urea Fertilizer Usage Encouraged
(DAILY NEWS, 23 Jul 85)...00

Briefs

Tobacco Production Decline
District Coffee Production
Transportation Company Nets Gain
JUWATA To Hold Conference
Zanzibar Seed Project

96

97

98

99
99
99
100
100



3CR12 Fact Sheet

AVAILABILITY

Plate

3CR12 plate is produced in the thickness range 3,5 mm— 30,0 mm.
Standard thicknesses are (mm):

3,5 4,5 6,0 8,0 10,0 12,0 16,0 20,0 25,0 30,0

Standard plate sizes are (mm x mm)

1 000 x 2 000, 1 250 x 2 500, 1 500 x 3 000, 1 500 x 4 000,
1 500 x § 000, 1 500 x 6 000

‘Standard finishes are:

No 1 for 3,8; 4,5; 6,0; 8,0; 10,0; and 12,0 mm. Plates 16,0 mm and
thicker HRA or No 1 at mill's option.

Non-standard material sizes will be considered on direct mill orders. Price
extras and extended deliveries will be involved.

Sheet

3CR12 cold-rolled sheet is produced in the thickness range 0,6 mm—
3,0 mim. :

‘Standard thicknesses ere (mm):-0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,5 3,0
Standard sheet sizes are (mm): 1.000 x 2.000, 1 250 x 2 500,
1 500 x 3 000, 1 500 x 4 000, 1 500 x 5 000, 1 500 x 6 000. fi

Standard finishes tor 3CR12 cold-rolled sheet are 2D (dull finish). or 28 |

(bright finish). Finish is normally supplied at mill’s option. Hl

Colt i
‘3CR12 coil is available in the thickness range 0,6 mm— 6,0 mm. Stano-
ard thicknesses are (mm):
Cold-rolied coil — 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,6 2,0 2,5 3,0
Hot-rolied coil —3;5 4,5 6,0 =

Standard coil-widths are (mm): 1000 1 250°1 600
Standard finishes are:

Cold-rolled coli — 20 or 2B (at mill's option)
Hot-rolled:coll.— NO 1

Other forms

‘3CR12is currently produced only 8s fiet product (although trials are being
undertaken: conoeming the production of 3CR12-hot-rolled sections and
‘3CR12 round products). «

3CR12 has also been successfully converted into @ variety of different
forms — expanded metal, perforsted plate, flanges, welded tube and pipe |
etc. Details of such products (and their producers) can be obtained from |
the 3CR12 Product index which is available on application.

CsO: 3400/932

66

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION :
These sre typical compositions of 3CR12 and other widely used engi
neering materials:

‘BORI2 | “Mild Stee!” Bennox | a 8 28
BS4360:434, 88101200 JAluminium

T15% Cr] 02% © 05% C [015% | 02% [0.04% Mn}
0.8% Ni] 0.4% Mn 0.8% Mn |0,3% Mn | 0.6% Mn | 0,38% Fe
0.03% C| Bal Fe BalFe | 08% Cr |0,6% Mo| Bal Al
0,25% Ti 145% Ni |0,010% B

Bal Fe J0.34% Cu} 1,0% Cr

Bal Fe

‘ Coppercontaining Corrosion Ret
B Abrasion Resisting Stee!

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
The table below lists the typical mechanical properties of these mater

‘and allows some comparison of competitive products. Always refer tc
actual specifications for design purposes.
0.2% Proof or |___Uitimate :
ield Strength | Tensile Strength | Elongation | Hardness
(MPa) () (BHN)
‘SGRI2 320 25 185
Mild Steel 450 25 160
304 600 55 170
'$$101200 750 6 240
rn 580 2 460
8 830 2 300
Aluminium 155 0 FJ

ning Corrosion Resisting Stee!
isting Steel

CORROSION PROPERTIES .

These figures are only intended for comparison purposes, and hot fc
design or specification. The data were obtained by simple laboratory ¢
field exposure tests, and are subject to many variations depending o
particular service conditions.

Figures are expressed as relative corrosion rate in each perticular env
ronment, and cennot be used for specification purposes.

‘Atmospheric | Rand Water | Free Sta
Exposure ‘Boerd Mine Sea Water
(Ouran) Water
‘SCRI2 2 8 30
0.01 001 1" wot
Mild Stee! 200 245 800 400
A 50, 220 600 300
Galvanised = 14 0 50

‘A -Copper-containing Corrosion Ret
* Prone to “white rust”
** Brone to pitting

Note that all coating systems, such as galvanising, painting, rubber linin
and 80 on, are prone to localised attack wherever the coating is damagec

FABRICATION PROPERTIES
‘3CR12 can be cut, drilled and punched using standard mild steel equi;
‘ment provided sufficiently strong equipment is used. It cannot be ox:
acetylene cut, and must be welded with austenitic stainless steel co:
sumables.

To ensure optimum corrosion resistence from 3CR12 after fabrication,
is important to clean and passivate stter welding. Thorough washing
clean water is necessary after such operations to remove all trace of t!
acids used. Detailed guidelines concerning the post-weld cleaning ar
passivation treatment can be obtained from Middelburg Stee! and Alloy



It can do it inasmuch as it has substantial human resources and,
according to some, indisputable material potential. But this de-
mands a great deal of determination, zeal, devotion to the com-
mon cause, extending oneself to the limit, and also sweat and
tears, .

9824
CSO: 3419/497

21



CONTROL SYSTEM INSTALLED AT ROSSING URANIUM

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 9

[Text]

cso:

3400/932

“A Cutler-Hammer enginecred control system, for the

manufacture of high-energy fuel used in open-pit blasting.
operations, is currently being installed at Rossing Ura-
nium mine. +

The plant is fully automated and uses a Cutler-Ham-
mer motor contro! centre for switching motor drives
under the contro! of an IPC 620 programmable controller
and IPC 627 communications processor COP, a micro-
computer-based operator supervisory system.

All ladder logic for the IPC 620-20 processor and
high-level programming for the COP was designed and
supplied by Cutler-Hammer SA.

Chemicals are mixed in one of two solution mixing
tanks, then transferred and mixed with other ingredients.

in the HEF mixing tanks. Each of the tanks is temper- ,

ature-controlled to a PID loop specification by the IPC
620-20 Processor.

Batch size and chemical compésition are programmed
by the operator, utilising a
menu-driven keyboard. In
addition, the COP auto-
matically calculates other
ingredients to a pre-set
formula.

In order to maximisé
throughput, the process
layout of the plant allows
for 24 different routes to
be selected, aided by col-
our monitor graphics.

The microcomputer-
based supervisory system
thus provides comprehen-
sive features such as pro-
gramming of separate
batch compositions and se-
lection of their respective
routes, monitoring drive
status and alarm condi-
tions, as well as monitor-
ing and controlling

analogue values of tank
levels and temperatures

JPRS=SSA"85"085
12 September 1985

NAMIBIA



DRAMATIC RISE IN BLACK SPENDING PREDICTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 19 Aug 85 p 13
f

[Text]

‘DURBAN. — A dramat-
ic rise in Black spending
power — expected to be
R80-billion — would be
seen in the next 15 years,
businessman Mr H H
Beier, told an Assocom
symposium on Natal and
KwaZulu in Durban.

‘The spending power of
Blacks was “very differ-
ent” from Whites, he
said, adding that where
Whites spent 30 percent
of their total funds on
clothing, footwear and
food, Blacks spent nearly
50 percent on these items.

He said: “There is a
tremendous internal mar-
ket building up, but how
do we canvass it?”

Mr Beier said the gov-
ernnient now seemed to
accept the process -of
Black urbanisation as in-
evitable — and several
million Blacks would
move to urban areas.

This urbanised Black
population, cut off from
tribal traditions and the
extended family, would
adopt White life styles
and start its own econ-
omy.

Urbanisation of Blacks,
he said, may prove to be
one of the most urgent
reasons for. dismantling
apartheid.

* Mr Beier said the over-
‘all message from Black
business leaders was that
they were sick and tired
of paternalism — and
wanted to be allowed to
stand on their own feet.

—Sapas ee

cso: 3400/968

26

JPRS*SSA*85~*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH .AFRICA


POWER CUTS STOP PRODUCTION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Jul 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

3400/993

Pay

ME Mwanza and Musoma tex-:
tile mills lost over 228m/-
because of production stoppages
caused by sporadic power break-
down between January 1984 and
May this year.

This was said in the National
Assembly yesterday by the
De ty. inister for Industries
an rade, Ndugu Evarist
Mwanansao, during question
time. \

He was reacting to a question
by Ndugu M.M. ihaule
(Ludewa) who had said there was

information that the two mills

had stopped production durin;
the 1984) 5 financial year. ®

Ndugu Mwanansao said it was
not true that the two mills did not
operate throughout the period
under review. What was claimed
as total stoppage during the time
was in fact sporadic power cuts,
he said.

During the period, MUTEX
lost! 137,236,000/- «and
MWATEX 90,919,000/-.
Together, they lost 3,186 work-
ing hours — MUTEX 2,273 and
MWATEX 913 hours.

The mills failed to produce
8,741,338 metres of. textiles.
MUTEX failed to produce
6,759,900. metres and

MWATEX — 1,981,438 metres,.

Total production target was
39,436,200 metres, - of which
MUTEX was to produce
17,432,200 metres and
MWATEX — 22,004,000.
Actual production was MUTEX
— 5,887,000 metres” and
MWATEX — | 11,677,175
metres. :

95

JPRS*SSA"85*085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA



12,000 CIVIL SERVANTS TO BE LAID OFF

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 24 Jul 85 p 1

{Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text]

. Manpower

* LESS than a half of the 27,000

civil. servants originally ear-
marked for redundancy under
the cost reduction exercise will
actually be laid off, the National
‘Assembly was told yesterday.
‘The Minister for Labour and

Ndugu Daudi Mwakawago, told
the House that of the total
number 15,000 employees had
been absorbed by local govern-
ments. .

Winding up the 1985/86 esti-
mates for his ministry, Ndugu
Mwakawago said the lay-o fs
would, therefore affect, onl
12,000 employees. He said 8,600
of those had received their ter-
minal benefits by July 17.

He said arrangements to pay
the remaining ones were under-
way and would be speeded up to
minimise suffering. Explaininy
that 100° lay-off victims hat
already appealed against the
measures, Ndugu Mwakawago
said those aggrieved by the move
should report to a team of
experts handling appeals in his
ministry.

He stressed that the lay-offs
should follow laid down proce-
dures. Admitting that some
employers disregarded the pro-
cedures, the Minister said he had

received complaints from dis--

abled persons and orphans who

Development, -

were laid-off. “We have ordered *
: that they should be reinstated”,

he said.

Ndugu Mwakawago told MPs
that payment of pension to
retired civil servants would be
smoothened in conjunction with
the Ministry of Finance.

88

He urged retiring employees
to verify their records shortly
before retirement to minimise
delays in processing their dues.

The Minister said the Govern-
ment was reviewing its circular

: on civil servants elected into Par-

liament, which was issued last
year.

_ He was reacting to MPs’ criti-
cism against the document,
which excludes government
employees elected into the
House from regular promotions
by their previous employers.

Ndugu Mwakawago said
amendments to the circular
would bear in mind_constitu-
tional stipulation that civil ser-
yants elected MPs would be on
leave: of absence from their
employers for as long as they
sérved in the House.

The Minister reported to the
House that. the Party had
directed the Government to pre-
pare a_ retirement security
scheme for senior public officials
to ensure they did not engage in
capitalist ventures Or other anti-
socialist projects on leaving the
public offices. .

He said the proposed review
of the salary structure would
cover all sectors and would take
into account changes in the stan-
dard of living. The present struc-
ture was formulated 20 years
ago, he explained.

Ndugu Mwakawago urged

JPRSSSA%85*085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA


JPRS*SSA*85+085
12 September 1985

NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

EXERCISE VASBYT OSONA=-Exercise Vasbyt Osona was indeed a tough test of the
courage, leadership and skills of these young men who are trained as junior
leaders of the SWA Territory Force. It began in the early hours of Monday
morning, 22 April, when 366 troops set out on a trail of 140 km over the
roughest terrain imaginable. More than 80 members of the group could not

make it. They fell out because of the heavy strain on their feet and knees.
Luckily for them, medical aid was at all times available as well as watering
points every 12 km and in the base camps at night. "The aim of this exercise
was to evaluate the physical and spiritual capabilities of these young men
under difficult circumstances so as to determine their leadership qualities
and corps allocation," Cmdt Thys Rall, 21C of 1 SWA Military School, told
PARATUS, The evaluation of each member was done by. officers who moved as
observers with the different groups on the first three days of the hike,

as well as his buddies in the group. Each group consisted of ten members who
all came out of different platoons and didn't know each other well. During the
exercise each group was confronted with problem situations. In one of them
the heaviest member had to be carried on a stretcher for 12 km. After two days
the young men's determination to complete Vasbyt Osona became unyielding. Late
Thursday afternoon they came in--group after group—-with their spirits high
and the ringing cry of "We have made it!" According to Cmdt Rall this exercise
compared well to the best of similar exercises in the SA Defence Force. [Text]
[Pretoria PARATUS in English Aug 85 p 38]

CsO: 3400/969


POWER SUPPLY ENABLES PRODUCTION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 p 3

[Text ]

cso:

3400/993

PRODUCTION at the Mwanza
Textile Mill (MWATEX) has
started fisking up following
increased power supply by the
Tanzania Electric Supply Com-
pany (TANESCO), it was learnt
in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

The Chairman of the
MWATEX Board of Directors,
Ndugu S.H. Nkya, noted in a

press statement that the «

increased power supply made it

ssible to raise Production from

5,000 to 60,000 metres of cloth
per day.

He said power supply had
steady increased during the last
three months, though not
enough to operate on two shifts.
The mill now gets 180.MPAs
instead of the previous 100
MPAs. N

MWATEX requires four
megawatts to operate three
shifts per day, an amount which
is half of Mwanza town's
demand estimated at 8.5
megawatts. Two shifts require 3
megawatts.

Ndugu  Nkya said the
MWATEX Board of Directors
had praised TANESCO for
maintaini
ply during the foregoing period
and urged the corporation to
boost power. supply for the mill
to operate three shifts.

4

ing a fairly smooth sup-

JPRS*SSA“85085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA


JPRS“SSA"85"085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

TOBACCO PRODUCTION DECLINE--Tobacco farmers in Iringa, Mbeya and Singida Regions
earned 102,224,475/- last season after selling 3,643,059 kilogrammes of the crop,
SHIHATA reported, The Highlands’ Zonal Manager, of the Tanzania Tobacco
Authority (TAT) Ndugu Gilbert Kaihula, said that the farmers expected to harvest
some 3,085,936 kilos ofthe crop this season which was likely to earn them
130,923,620/70. He noted that 51,517,959/05 was earned in the 1982/83 season
after selling some 2,817,537 kilogrammes. He explained that there had been a
general decline in the production of the crop due to the deterioration of farm
equipment of large-scale farmers, in Iringa Region. The big farmers produce

90 percent of the.crop in the region, he said. Another cause for the production
decline he said, was the decline of the soil fertility where the crop is grown.
TAT had also distributed 60,000 tree seedlings to peasants as part of afforesta-
tion efforts in the region. [Text] [Dar @s Salaam DAILY NEWS in English

24 Jul 85 p 3]

DISTRICT COFFEE PRODUCTION--Coffee growers in Karagwe District have produced
7,000 of coffee during the 1984/85 season, SHIHATA has reported. The agency
quoted a district's message’ read during the Uhuru Torch celebrations as saying
that the district had targeted 5,000 tonnes but surpassed the goal by 2,000
tonnes. It said all the tonnage had been hauled from the district in a special
operation by the Kagera Region Cooperative Union. The message also said the
district had produced enough food for its residents. Karagwe District residents
contributed a total of 150,000/- for the torch fuel, the liberation struggle
and the Seth Benjamin memorial house. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS

in English 23 Jul 85 p 5]

TRANSPORTATION COMPANY NETS GAIN~-The Mtwara Regional Transport Company (KAUMU)
made a net profit of 10.06m/- between January 1984 and June this year. KAUMU's
Acting General Manager, Ndugu Komba Nkapa, said in Mtwara over the weekend that
the amount was part of a gross income of 45.36m/— realised during the period.
The company had estimated to earn 45.9m/-, SHIHATA reported. He said 35. 3m/-
out of the 45.36m/~ was spent on recurrent and development activities, including
payment of worker's salaries, Established in 1977, the company has a fleet of
53 trucks and six buses. It operates under the auspices of the National
Transport Corporation (NTC). Meanwhile, the company plans to spend 23,5m/—
for the construction of offices and living quarters for its workers. He said
construction work would start as soon as all necessary preparations had been
completed, including the acquisition of a plot. Currently the company has

193 workers. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 p 5]

99



dependency on ferro-
chrome quite signifi-
cantly.

This perhaps assumes
that other producers of
ferro-chrome will con-
tinue to use existing man-
ufacturing technology.
This scenario may be un-
likely, as the future will
bring technologica) break-
throughs in ferro-chrome-
making technology which
would’ reduce costs and,
eventually, the price of
ferro-chrome.

Moreover, South Afri-
can producers have a few
fundamental advantages —
électricity is still compar-
atively inexpensive; they
are situated close to the
chrome ore and transport
is, therefore, very cheap,
bearing in mind that
roughly half of chrome ore
is waste.

MS & A has been in-
volved in major R & D
programmes for the past
three years, developing
new technologies which
can be adapted to improve
existing plant at low cap-
ital cost.

Rather than developing
totally new processes, the
main thrust is to look at the
use of cheaper ores, alower
or even zero ore pre-treat-
ment cost, more. energy-
efficient operations —
either reducing the amount
of electrical energy or us-
ing coal and oxygen as an
energy source — and aim-
ing at better chrome re-
covery from the ore.

‘The three main areas that
are being researched are
coal and oxygen technol-

ogies, kiln and pre-treat-

ment technologies, and
plasma furnace technol-

ogy.

CSO: 3400/932

62


There is no doubt that, in the medium- to long-term, the steel division will
do extremely well.

But the steel division is facing a difficult situation because of the recession.

Much of the company's effort is being applied to the steel division to achieve
an acceptable return on investment.

Middelburg believes the key lies in cooperation between itself, as the sole
supplier of stainless steel, and the fabricators, who convert that steel into
end products for the local market and, of course, for export.

Leo Melvill, director of marketing, explained: "MS & A is always keen to dis-
cuss innovative and creative marketing and business plans with existing and
potential fabricators of stainless steel products."

A major breakthrough for the company was the development of the now well-known
product 3CR12. A corrosion-resisting steel, it is a purely South African
product. It is particularly suitable for the abrasive corrosive conditions
underground in gold and other mines.

Middelburg is presently engaged on a marketing exercise aimed at doubling the
3CR12 sales in South Africa within the next 12 to 18 months.

In summing up, Des Winship, managing director of the steel division, said:
"We want to know that we have produced a good product, that our customer is
completely satisfied, and that he has a market in which to dispose of what
he has fabricated.

“One example has been efforts to ensure the ready availability of 3CR12 in an
ever-expanding market," said Winship.

He added that there had been complaints in this respect. "If anyone cannot
get what he requires, I would be glad if he would telephone me personally,"
Winship said. .

cso: 3400/932

68


JPRS»SSA*854085
12 September 1985

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

CONSTRUCTION RESUMES AT AJOAKUTA PLANT--Civil construction works at the
Ajaokuta Steel Company will resume at the end of this month, the company's
General Manager, Malam Magaji Inuwa, said on Wednesday in Ajaokuta. He told a
correspondent of the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that the resumption was
sequel to an agreement between the Federal Government and two French firms,
over the increases in the cost of civil projects in progress at the company.
He said that civil construction works had almost grounded to a halt following
the “unrealistic demands by the two firms for an increase in the cost of the
project based on the increases in the cost of labour and materials". He said
that part of the agreement with the contractors included the rescheduling of
the deadline for completion of the project to 1989, instead of 1986 as
contained in the original plan of the steel company. He said that the term of
the contract before the review by the government were “unrealistic and that
the increase by almost 300 per cent in the cost of labour and materials was
"ridiculous". He also said that a 10-man delegation of the Russian firm
handling the installation of the steel structures would visit the company next
week to discuss the details involved in the rescheduling of the completion
date of the project and to decide new order of priorities to be followed.
[Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 9 Aug 85 p 3]

cso: 3400/973

43



JPRS*SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA

CONSTRUCTION OF TECHNICAL COLLEGE TO BEGIN

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 27 Jul 85 p 3

Powe, 7 pega sae rene
[Text]. ‘ CONSTRUCTION’ "ot the +” He was replying to a question
roposed technical college of the “<> by Ndugu'S.M. Yilanga ‘(Mbeya
‘anzania Railways Corporation “-" Urban)” who — asked ~ the
(TRC) in Tabora will start as ‘Government to ._ provide
soon as talks are finalised _ transport for workers. of the
between the Corporation and rn, Organisations residing in Uyole
the United Nations - area. He ‘suggested — using,
Development Programme and ‘ TAZARA services.
the international abour ‘ Ndugu Itatiro said it
Organisation... ; possible at recent to use
This was said in Parliament, » | TAZARA services.

yesterday by the Minister of
State for Communications and
Works, Ndugu Guntram Itatiro,
during question time.
He was anéwering Ndugu P.I.
' Misigalo (Tabora Trban) who
‘asked whether the Government
- + had suspended the project whose
i lot had already been allocated
yy the Tabora Urban Council.
Ndugu Itatiro said the project
was delayed because — the
government was awaiting advice
‘on the project from Britain and
the Federal Republic of
Germany.
The report from the two
countries had been compiled.
: What remains . now are
discussions leading to securing a
financier, “In fact we have
+. moved several steps forward to
his end with the UNDP and
. *, Ndugu Itatiro said.
‘1. @ Ndugu Itatiro has’ advised -
“+” Saruji Songwe, Mbeya textiles,
Zana za Kilimo, Hi-Soap and.
‘Tanganyika Packers in Mbeya to
operate joint bus service for their
> workers instead of asking
TAZARA to provide transport.

cso: 3400/993 '

96



Where fisheries are concerned, development is required in cap-
ture methods, and in marketing and preservation, In this area, a
whole arsenal of possibilities exist, limited somewhat, admit-
tedly, by raids made by foreign boat factories and the specula-
tion of traders.

Tourist projects--a source of foreign currency and a creator of
jobs--are among the priorities particularly in the geographic
areas of Dakar, Casamance, and Petite Cote. But they must avoid
the moral degeneration that they can cause. Industrial policy
strategy is to consolidate existing structures (by increasing
the capacity of plants such as the Baol-Seib Electric and Indus-
trial Company, the Sar African Refining Company, the SOCOCIM
Commercial Cement Company, the Taiba and Thies Phosphate Compa-
ny), the development of small and medium size businesses and of
new complexes like the Senegal Chemical Industries (ICS), the
Kaolack Textile Company (SOTEXKA), the East Senegal Iron Mines
(MIFERSO), the Matam Phosphate Company, the peat and lignite
projects and, in a general way, those industries which deal with’
new and renewable energy sources, etc.

But whereas the ICS have begun their operations, SOTEXKA is
still having financial problems,

Energy projects also are having trouble finding financing. Par-
ticularly affected are the restoration of the SENELEC National

Electric Company's stations, the establishment of solar, wind,

hydroelectric, and peat-burning power stations, and the inten-

sification of oil prospecting.

The realization of these operations will be combined with the
application of a rigorous energy saving policy.

By imposing austerity measures over the next 10 years, the goal
is to reduce by half the amount of imported oil products which
currently consume the equivalent of half of the country's export
revenues, i.e., nearly 100 billion CFA fr. The other half is to
be paid for by the completion of projects. Concomitantly, the
use of "ban ak suuf" (clay and sand) and improved Malagasy
stoves will be encouraged, both types having the ability to save
a considerable amount of thermal energy and put an end to the
continual destruction of vegetation.

All the projects mentioned above in course of realization should
make it possible to deal with the painful unemployment problem
which even affects those who have received higher education.
Added to this group are those who have been laid off from their
jobs "because of the present situation." Some businesses invoke
the recession to dismiss some of their personnel in order to re-
duce production costs, if they have not already closed their
doors. For others, it provides a pretext for improper dismissals.

18


JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW MINE AIR RECIRCULATION SYSTEM DESCRIBED
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 11

[Text] A new system of recirculating mine ventilation air to cut ventilation
costs in deep-level mining has been proved to be both practical and safe by
the Research Organisation of the Chamber of Mines.

The Chamber's latest newsletter says the system, which diverts a portion of
ventilation air back into working areas, aids cooling, reduces the size and
cost of main ventilation fans, lowers electricity consumption and reduces
production delays, as it is a technique which can be speedily implemented.

Researchers also predict a potential saving in the number of expensive
ventilation shafts and airways tunnels which normally have to be excavated
to create an underground environment suitable for men to mine gold.

Field trials have already demonstrated the success of the system at Anglovaal's
Loraine Gold Mine in the Orange Free State where the first large-scale recircu-
lation system was commissioned in October 1982.

It has since been operated continuously and is proving to be both practical
and reliable.

Further experience with 61 localised systems in British collieries has added
additional evidence that recirculation can be a safe practice.

The decision to use controlled recirculation at Loraine was taken when the cost
and practicality of increasing ventilation air supply from surface became
prohibitive. Production became restricted because of high air temperatures
and a limited supply of ventilation air.

As a result, the area could not be utilised to its full capacity because of
this restricted supply of air to be cooled.

Recirculation, by increasing this air flow, was the only method in the short
term by which the available refrigeration could be effectively distributed
to the working areas. A total of 50 m3/sec was supplied to the four stopes
in the area and air temperatures were significantly decreased.

47



The Minister said the Govern-
ment had also taken disciplinary
action against dishonest workers ,
and dismissed incompetent con- ;
tractors. |

Ndugu Sitta said during this
financial year (1985/86), many
government ministries and
departments were expeced to”
move to Dodoma. But this had !
not been possible, the Minister |
added.

He said slow speed in capital
transfer had partly been corttri-
buted by lack of seriousness on
the part of Government leaders
and executing agencies.

‘The Minister added that the
country's reduced import capac-
ity and inherent weaknesses of
the CDA in implementing capi-
tal development projects, had
also contributed to the slow pace
of capital transfer.

He said shortage of construc-
tion equipment and problems in
installation of essential
amenities such as water and elec-

~ tricity infrastructure during the
1984/85 financial year, also
demoralised agencies, depart-
ments and individuals who were
+ set to move to Dodoma.”

Ndugu Sitta_ informed the
House that the Government had
finalised formalities for securing
construction equipment from
Zimbabwe under a 170m/- loan.

‘The money would be used for '
the purchase of water pipes,
sanitary ware, window glasses
and electrical fittings, the Minis-

* ter said, adding that some.of tha,
: equipment wee now being deli-
vered to Dodoma. 1

He said during the 1985/86

period the Government would
* continue with the rehabilitation

of roads in the new capital while ,

new ones would be constructed.

Ndugu Sitta said the Govern-
ment would continue to
negotiate for funds from the
HH. the Aga Khan for the
development of the Dodoma

‘hospital. He said the Govern-
‘ment would invite tenders for
the construction of staff quarters ,
at the new capital.

cso: 3400/994

We trust that measures
outlined by the Minister of
State. in the President’s
Office _ Responsible — for

Capital Development,
Ndugu Samuel Sitta, in the
National Assembly

yesterday to speed up
development of the new
capital will be immediately
followed up with resolute
action.

True, Rome was not built
in a day, but given
seriousness and
determination the building
of Dodoma can move at
a faster pace.


JPRS“SSA%852085

‘the abandonment of all ‘nancial viability of these 12 September 1985
' forced removals and that institutions, should be
all distinctions between : placed high on the agenda
the right to citizenship of of change, Mr Steyn said.~
Blacks as distinguished «The symbolism of the :
from other race groups ; Telease of political pris- :
‘should be removed. oners had assumed major
He said a framework significance, and the prin-
should be created for ne- + ciple involved, he said, '
gotiation, with Blacks as ‘ was the fact that those
équal partners, in the ‘who had paid for their
areas of power sharing at : crimes in the hard coinage
: central Government le- “of punishment, should,
vel, and the possibility of just as in the case of any
a federal component in other convicted offender,
the ultimate constitution- be released.
al dispensation. The Foundation, Mr
Local Government, as Steyn said, was prepared
an instrument for Black to put its weight, its influ-
advancement, needed re- ence and its resources be-
vitalisation, he said. hind a programme which
The training of Black comprehended the propo-
Jeadership and human in- “sals outlined.

frastructure, and the fi-
Private Sector Must Change Views
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in ‘English 15 Aug 85 p 10

[Text] THE private séctor in cial responsibility and © Mr Steyn said such right, just and equit-
South Africa had 2 | tke up the challenge | teadership required: able,” Mr Steyn said.

i
massive responsibility to nted by the reform | a ;

act in a definite, organ. Process,” "Mr Steyn! @ me patna ied ee Courage, clarity and
ised and visible role in . said ~: able to unders «conviction would oblige
bringing about rapid so- . choices that confronted — equivocal leaders to
cial. and economic |_ Much depended on = US: make real and hard
change, the executive |how the South African @ The vision to see the choices and define their
‘chairman of the Urban .community responded massive common positions — real dilem-

i to leadetship — both round, values, identity mas for ambivalent
See eserday. wonventional organisa- of interest and the many Black leaders; he con-
‘ . . tional structures and common goals shared _ tinued.

Mr Steyn said the pri- those without that ca- by South Africans of all a | .
vate sector needed to pacity but with the abli- races; and, ‘An unambiguous
cme Sm ym che @ hc oe wake Se an a
tial responsibility and /¢ttt! forces in oursocie- the hold and fundamen- an ‘announced package
the patterns of expendi- tal intiatives required. of reforms.that embody
ture associated with , “On both these cat- we pa damental im- clear visition of where

i rests ‘ca is eof

those. eer ccome responsibil portance is the need to South Africa is going

“The private sector | ity at ths critical time,” eject and work against and how it is going to
needs to go far beyond he said. ; Violence,” Mr Steyn a in which f ‘

i t views of so- said. way Ip which forces for-

its present peaceful change can

Although all sectors seize the initiative,” Mr
of society had a re- Steyn said,
sponsibility, the Gov- ,
ernment must take the Mr Steyn called upon
lead with clarity and Black leadership to re-
conviction — “not be-. ject violence and a com-
cause of pressure or be- mitment to work for
cause of random vio- peaceful change which
lence, but because it is was aspired to by an.
convinced: that the overwhelming majority
course it pursues is of people. '

30


JPRS*SSA“85*085
12 September 1985

SENEGAL

MEASURES TO PROMOTE ECONOMIC RECOVERY OUTLINED
Dakar AFRICA in French Jul 85 pp 21-24
[Article by Charles J. Diodj: "Senegal: Where Are We Going?"

[Text] We have no oil, but we have ideas.
Senegal can make it. The question is: will
tomorrow be a new day?

In the 1960's, when people spoke of "the horizon of 1985," radi-
ant prospects seemed to open up before Senegalese, Everything
seemed as if this date would inaugurate Senegal's entry to the
industrialized world,

But now 1985 has begun its second and final phase with a series
of problems that now of necessity we must try to solve before we
can claim to distinguish its advent at the second rendezvous

set for the year 2000.

The causes of the depression of the Senegalese economy have been
amply discussed, commented upon, dissected by all members of our
society able to do so, and also by the various partners. To name
them they are: the world economic crisis, the oil crisis, the
soaring dollar, drought, desert encroachment, and also mistakes
in socioeconomic choices, poorly adapted structures, bad manage-
ment, embezzlement, corruption, nepotism, laxity, a welfare out-
look, lack of initiative. All these factors still keep the Sene-
galese economy in a particularly difficult situation, and in any
case still foreshadow some painful moments for the ordinary
Senegalese.

"Funu jem?" (Where are we going?). This question is on the lips
of nearly the entire population today. Most often it is followed
by this exclamation: "Dundd bi metina" (food is dear) to refer
to the rise in price of the various foodstuffs, especially the
main staples (rice, oil, fish, meat, tomatoes, sugar). But there
is also the rise in the cost of services such as housing, elec-
tricity, and transport.

14


JPRS*SSA=85~085
12 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DOMESTIC PUMP, VALVE PRODUCTION PLANNED
Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 18 Jul 85 p 32

[Text] South African industry is currently spending some R200-million a year
on imported pumps and valves.

However, this figure could be substantially reduced through the local manu-
facture of such equipment and components, says Danie Slabbert, managing director
of newly formed specialist stainless steel casting foundry, Steloy Stainless
Precision Castings.

“Although a large proportion of these imports are a direct result of specifica-
tion by engineers for major projects and, to a lesser extent, are due to the
longer runs available from overseas, we think that South Africa has the tech-
nology to handle a large proportion of these imports," he said.

"In fact, we see an opportunity for import replacement and are looking to assist
local manufacturers with the supply of stainless steel castings enabling them
to become less dependent on the imported product."

Steloy Stainless Precision Castings, a new R3-million foundry based in
Ekandustria on the far East Rand, has been established by a team of four highly
experiences foundry and industrial executives and is financially assisted by
the IDC.

Said Slabbert: "Our company's target market is the pump and valve manufacturers,
who use corrosion-resisting stainless steel for longer product life.

"This industry has long been dependent on the imported product but, in the
wake of the weak rand, it is becoming more and more attractive for industry to
investigate sourcing components from the local market.

"Our services will include analysing the feasibility of casting a customer's
requirements locally and then comparing the prices of the local product with
that of the imported one.

"While our aim is to supply the local pump and valve manufacturers, we are not
interested in copy parts. In fact, we appreciate the cost of carrying spare
parts for original equipment manufacturers and want to assist them to cater
for their markets and not to supply their end users."

58


JPRS*SSA*85"085
12 September 1985

CHAD

MILITARY FRIENDSEIP, COOPERATION HONORED
Commando Graduation
Ndjamena AL-WATAN in French 8 Jun 85 pp 23-24

[Text] On 31 May 1985, at Sgt Maj Nduli Maboso stadium in Kota-koli, where
Chadian-Zairian friendship and cooperation were once again being honored. It
was the third time that Chadian officials had received on this Zairian ground
a military contingent trained at the commando training center. The ceremony
was attended by official delegations of the two countries. On the Zairian
side, General of Army Corps Likulia Bolongo, secretary of state for national
defense and territory security; Malu Malu, Zairian ambassador to Chad; Pambia
Mussanga, governor of Equateur region; and many others. The Chadian
delegation, led by Ndilnodji Guelhor, minister delegate to the presidency in
charge of national defense, veterans and war victims; and including Maitine
Djoumbe, Chadian ambassador to Zaire; Col Rodai Batinda, inspector of the
armies, commander of the Pallouma Pabame battalion, and army commander. The
term "commando," in the army and especially for a civilian, has a special
connotation. It inspires both fear and admiration.

Fear, because throughout the world the media do not fail to daily report to us
audacious and successful coups by this or that commando at the heart of some
enemy objective. The commando is one who prepares and executes his blow
without fail and virtually according to plan. Thus, much better to have him
on your side, and that is when he inspires admiration and confidence.

How many know that in order to become this feared and loved superman, the
soldier who enrolls must go through very arduous training exercises under
sometimes unacceptable living conditions.

At Kota-koli, as they paraded to the fanfare in muggy heat, to a beat known as
the "goose march," a photographer of the Zairian army whispered to me: "They
have undergone a very intensive and hard training. More than a month in the
bush, in the rain and wind, feeding on what they could find, and drinking
water from pools. It is really hard to become a commando." Although most, if
not all, of our commandos trained at the Kota-koli center for retraining and
training of Chadian soldiers had been in an army before taking commando
training in Zaire under the orders of Captain Maseta, they have certainly
learned many new things on this friendly soil.



TRANSFER OF GOVERNMENT TO DODOMA DISCUSSED

' Editorial Comment

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Jul 85 p 1

[Text]

Ir IS now nearly twelve
‘years since the decision to
transfer the headquarters of
the Party and Government
from Dar es Salaam to
Dodoma was made.

During all this period, we
have witnessed significant
progress that has been made
to turn Dodoma into a truly
man-centred modern city.

A number of credit worth
projects have been
cundertaken since the initial
task began. - This is
particularly true in terms of
infrastructure development,
industrial . development,
housing, afforestation and
other essential services.

Admittedly, the pace at
which construction work ;
has been moving is clearly
below expectation. For it
was originally planned that
construction of Dodoma
would have been concluded
within ten years from the

day the historic decision was

j made.
'- Several reasons have
| militated against our desire
‘and determination to realise
the goal within the
prescribed period.

Most of the reasons are
certainly beyond our contro]
as they are directly a result
of ‘the worsening global

economic climate which has
particularly been hostile to
developing nations,
including Tanzania.

Some people are already
beginning to get impatient
with the progress of work in
Dodoma and other issues
concerning the development

’ of the new capital.

This is uncalled for
because we should not lose
sight of the fact that with or
‘without economic problems,
the task of building Dodoma
into a permanent seat of the
Party and Government is of
all Tanzanians who are
duty-bound to play an active
role ‘to ensure effective
attainment of the objective.

Of course, all this calls for
seriousness and dynamism
at all levels. Ministries and
parastatal organisation:
well as private institutions
and = individuals, should
always think of investing in
Dodoma. For in so doing
they will be contributing
their fair share towards the
development of the new
capital.

The

challenge we

accepted of building the new

capital is an_all-embracing
one, calling for seriousness
and revolutionary discipline
on the part of every
Tanzanian to _ facilitate
smooth
the laid down objectives.

90

implementation of.

JPRS*SSA*854085
12 September 1985

TANZANIA

The Ministry of Capital
Development and the
Capital Development
Authority (CDA) must take
‘urgent steps to speed up
surveying and allocation of
plots to potential developers
without necessarily waiting
for completion of roads,
water and other necessities.

Similarly, ministries and
public. institutions which
have already moved to
Dodoma should all the time
make sure their business is
jconducted there as much as
|possible.

!

» We are saying this
because. at present most
officials who are based in the
‘mew capital are often seen
shuttling ‘between Dodoma
and Dar es Salaam to attend
to this or that business. ‘The
practice is time consuming
and costly to the nation.


achievement is their new radio and
communications network that is now
fully operational. As far as transport
goes, the Commando is also well
equipped. .

“We are extremely happy and very
proud to have Cmdt Visser and his
staff in Ventersdorp,” said Mr Jannie
Moss, Mayor of Ventersdorp. “The
co-operation between the Com-
mando and all population groups, as
well asthe municipality and schools,
could not be better,” he added.

Due to the generosity of the Sen-
traal-Wes Co-Op, the Commando has
excellent facilities for their members
and vehicles. :They also have plenty
of room to expand, which at their
present rate'is rapid under the excel-
lent leadership of Cmdt Visser and
the motivation of all his men.

cso: 3400/969

35



JPRS*SSA*85*085
12 September 1985

ITALIAN FIRM FURNISHES CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Jul 85 p 5

{Text ]

cso:

1

A huge _ consignment —_ of
equipment for the construction
of the road linking Tanzania and
Burundi wes offloaded at the
Dar es Salaam Port yesteday.

The Administrative Branch
Manager of COGEFAR, Mr.
Massimo Pacilio, said in the city
yosterday that the equipment, in

9 containers, arrived aboard mv
Jolly Avorito. COGEFAR is an
Italian firm which was awarded
the contract of building the road
by the Ministry of
Communications and Works in
January, this year.

Mr. Pacilio said the equipment
would be used to construct the
second phase of the 125-
kilometre road stretch from!
Lusahunga to Bukombe.

The first phase of the road,
from the Tanzania/Burundi

3400/993

97

~ border to Lusahunga, which is

about the same length with the
second phase, was completed
about two months ago by
another Italian firm,
DELBENACO.

Work started about two

months ago in the mobilisation
of equipment and Personnel.
Mr. Ps said adding that

some. equipment: had already
been delivered to the site.

He said the equipment
received yesterday included
tractors, motor vehicles and
earth escalators, which would be
transported by both road and
rail.

He said the project, which
had been financed by the
European Economic
Community (EEC) at a cost of

252m/-, would take about two .

years to be completed.

TANZANIA



N November 1973, the establishment of

@ training centre for blacks was author-
ized by the Chief of the Army. On 21 Janu-
ary 1974 the unit was activated when 16
volunteers presented themselves for
basic training at the Prisons Services
Training College at Baviaanspoort near
Pretoria. Originally these men were to be
trained as security guards, but after a sec-
‘ond intake of 38 members in August 1974,
it was decided that the first group should
receive advanced training as regimental
instructors.

On 1 December 1975 the training group
was moved to Lenz, south of Johannes-
burg, and it was also decided to name this
New infantry unit 21 Battalion, since its es-
tablishment coincided with the 21st anni-
versary of the SA Army's Infantry Corps.
The first black Permanent Force mem-
bers were promoted to corporal soon
afterwards,

in 1975, 21 Battalion assisted in the
training of 1 Transkei Battalion. Subse-
quently other black units such as the Bo-
phuthatswana National Guard and mem-
bers of various regional battalions acti-
vated in SWA/Namibia have also under-
gone training under the auspices of the
highly qualified instructional cadre at 21
Battalion.

In 1977 the Chief of the Army author-
ized the training of a company of 21 Bat-
talion for operational duty and in 1978 it
left to perform active service in the Opera-
tional Area. They acquitted themselves of
their task with great distinction. A second
company was then trained for operational
duty; it proceeded to SWA/Namibia: in
1979. in that year, a number of black Per-
manent Force members were promoted
to the rank of sergeant after having com-
pleted qualifying courses at the Services
School, Pretoria and at Lenz. These
courses are on a par with those attended
by white candidates and include instruc-
tion in advanced administration and in-
structors’ courses and an orchestration
course for members of the band.

At this stage infantrymen form the larg-
est component of black personne! in the
South African Army although blacks are
employed in a number of musterings.

They serve inter alla in the infantry Corps,
the Ordnance Service Corps, the Person-
net Service Corps, the Corps of Musi-
cians, the Corps of Military Police and the
Finance Service Corps. Blacks comprise
about 34 per cent of non-white military
Personnel in the South African Army. In
accordance with agreements between the

CSO: 3400/969

38

Black National States and the Republic of
South Africa, the Minister of Defence has
approved the formation of black regional
units. Subsequently the training of black
soldiers was started at Amsterdam in the
Eastern Transvaal (111 Battalion, consist-
ing of Swazi soldiers from Kangwane); at
Madimbo in Northern Transvaal (112 Bat-
talion, consisting of Vendas from Venda);
at Phalaborwa in the Eastern Transvaal
(113 Battalion, consisting of Shangaan
soldiers from Gazankulu); and at Jozini in
Northern Natal (121 Battalion, consisting
of Zulus from KwaZulu). A start has also
been made with the training of 115 Bat-
talion, designated for Kwandebele. In the
course of 1982, 112 Battalion was trans-
ferred to Venda and this unit subse-
quently became the nucleus of that coun-
try’s Defence Force.

Untike the Army, facilities to train
blacks in the Air Force, Navy and Medical
Service are still limited. A few Permanent
Force members serve in the Air Force and
Navy, while a greater number are em-
ployed in a logistics role by the Medical
Service.

Taken as a whole, black uniformed per-,
sonnel in the SADF (Permanent Force):
has increased by 13 per cent in the period
1982 — 1983. This compares favourably
with an overall increase of 3,14 per cent
for all races over the same period.

It should be ‘noted that a number of
blacks are employed in the Auxiliary Ser-
vice. Like the other staff members of their
particular arm of service, they are issued
with rations, uniforms and protective
clothing. In the Navy for instance, black
members of the Auxiliary Force are re-
sponsible for berthing ships, and other
duties in the harbour area of Simon's
Town. The Auxiliary Service personne!
comprise about 3,09 per cent of the full-
time component of the South African De-
fence Force which also embraces the Per-
manent Force, Nationat Servicemen, vol-
untary National Servicemen, and civilian
staff. During the period 1982-1983 Auxili-
ary Service personnel increased by 9,87
per cent. Blacks constitute 56 per cent of
the non-white component of the full-time
Force, while the corresponding figures
for Coloureds and Indians are 40 and 4
per cent respectively.