ANGOLA

OVERVIEW OF NAMIBE PROVINCE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 4 May 84 p 3

[Text] Namibe Province, located in the southern coastal
area of the People's Republic of Angola, is one of

the few provinces in our country with development problems
caused by a shortage of vital supplies and equipment.

Although it has an international port, this has been of little or no help
in obtaining the building materials needed for rapid development.

In view of this situation, it will have to get by initially with its om
resources and then, when circumstances permit, with the support of other
agencies which are supposed to make regular shipments of the materials needed
for development.

Namibe Province, named after the well-known desert (where the Welwitcha Mira-
bilis starts and rises) is a province where agriculture has contributed little
to development. Some of the main farm products come from Huila by road or
rail, This year, because of the floods caused by the recent rains in the

. province, the peasants were forced to start all over again breaking land.
However, peasants living on the land rich with olive groves, grapes, and
fruits and vegetables will be able to overcome the current difficulties with
determination and make the land flourish with the crops needed for the
subsistence of the people.

Fishing: Primary Sector for Development

As we indicated earlier, Namibe Province is relatively undeveloped
industrially, which is part of the reason why it cannot be compared with the
so-called industrialized provinces, such as Luanda, Huambo, Benguela or
Huila. It is currently just beginning to develop fishing, the main source of
wealth for the province.

Namibe is in the heart of the fishing sector of the People's Republic of
Angola; this is where the Ministry of Fisheries has made its major investments
(we will discuss this sector in greater detail at another time). From drying
and salting to freezing fish or marketing fresh fish, it has always been in
the vanguard of the sector.

15



MADAGASCAR

CULTURAL AGREEMENT WITH CUBA DETAILED
Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 13 Apr 84 pp 1, 4

[Text] The fifth action program concerning a cultural cooperation protocol
between Cuba and the Democratic Republic of Madagascar for 1984-1985 was
signed yesterday at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs by Bemananjara Jean,
minister of foreign affairs of Madagascar, and Oscar Oramas Olivo, Cuban
vice minister of foreign affairs.

This program of action (the fifth since the establishment of diplomatic rela-
tions between the Republic of Cuba and the Democratic Republic of Madagascar
on 11 April 1974) fits into the framework of the cultural agreement signed

in Havana on 4 September 1980, which now enters the active phase. Provisions
for the development of cooperation and educational, cultural, artistic, sports
and even cinematographic exchanges will be undertaken over the next two years.

Minister Bemananjara said in his address that "Cuba has already moved far
ahead of the agreement because...it has already made available to Madagascar
over 186 scholarships and training programs and sent several technical, scien-
tific, artistic and sports missions in order to inform Malagasy officials of
the possibilities of Cuban assistance and technical cooperation, but also
inquire into Malagasy needs that might be part of our bilateral cooperation."

He then emphasized the existence of "almost identical views" held by the two
brother republics on all current issues in the world today, for "motivated by
the same feeling of independence, sovereignty and social justice " they have
always united their voices in defending the just causes of peoples.

He then took advantage of the occasion to review the damage caused by Cyclone
Kamisy, while asking the indulgence of the Cuban minister for ending the sign-
ing ceremony on a somber note, but since "a friend in need is a friend indeed,"
"to whom might we express our despair if not to our friends?"

Oscar Oliva noted that "it is a particularly sad moment, since at the very
time when we are establishing new foundations of cooperation by the signing

of this cultural agreement, you have just received information about certain
cities ravaged by the cyclone." These disasters are not foreign to Cubans, he
said, and "we are united by the fact that Cuba is also occasionally the victim
of hurricanes." He promised to tell Cuban authorities of the damage done

36



GABON

CLANDESTINE IMMIGRATION CONTROLS PLANNED
Libreville L'UNION in French 25 Apr 84 p 3

[Interview with Michel N'dombe, prefect of the Department of Noya, by
Mohamed Moungalat; date and place not given]

[Text] Our reporter in Cocobeach met with Michel N'dombe,
prefect of the Department of Noya since 28 April 1983, with
whom he discussed several topics, in particular, his relations
with the people, other administrations and the problem of
illegal immigration.

>

[Question] Mr Prefect, can you tell us of your relations with the other
administrations and the people in the department which you head?

[Answer] The other administrative departments work in close cooperation
with me, for I represent all the ministries in the Department of Noya. Local
administrative offices must therefore tell me of the decisions they make.

I remain the connection between them and the proper authorities in Libreville.
Heads of the different departments must supply me with a report on their
activities every month. There is no problem in our professional or personal
relations.

With the people, I also maintain excellent relations. I see that the people
experience no difficulties. I visit the villages every two weeks and do a
survey every year.

[Question] Cocobeach is, according to some, a place where illegal immigration
is increasing with every passing day. Mr Prefect, what measures are you
taking together with security forces in order to stop the flow?

[Answer] Cocobeach is on the border. With the gendarmerie and the army, we
try to control who comes in. We allow foreigners with a visa to enter Gabon

to circulate.

Others are simply taken to their point of departure. There are many points
of infiltration here and I congratulate our gendarmes and soldiers who are
trying to contain the flow of illegals. A cholera epidemic now threatens
bordering countries and we have decided to "turn off the water."

32



"Nevertheless, the coming months will be decisive. We are approaching the
city of Maputo. FRELIMO will also try to derive whatever psychological
advantage from the Nkomati accord because it will want to launch what is left
of its forces in a last and final offensive. It will also try to have it
believed that the South Africans are going to come and invest in force and
restore the economy. That is false! Today, they could only invest in the
city of Maputo itself or to the north in Cape Delgado and even that while we
still permit them. ‘

"A large-scale offensive by the guerrilla fighters is again under preparation
after the resounding success of the "Red Summer" operation. Maputo's connec-
tions with the north, east and south are going to be completely cut. The
advance of our struggle even further to the south will not permit FRELIMO to
relieve its war effort in men and materiel near the South African border,
despite 'Nkomati.'

"The normal life of cooperation aides and the operation of foreign companies
will be enormously affected in this new stage of the war. Maputo will
inevitably be isolated and only then will the world discover what FRELIMO
had already foreseen: 'Machel' was not the final solution."

8711
CSO: -3442/362

41



In answer to a question on the food supply in Huambo Province, Joao

Ernesto dos Santos "Liberdade" said that the party and the government in

the province has been giving this problem its full attention, and, among other
things, has sent basic commodities to rural areas, especially for dislocated
people. "What we have received we have sent out to the towns and communities,
despite all the difficulties. Our efforts are aimed primarily at supplying
the areas under enemy attack,"

With regard to the province becoming self-sufficient in food, he indicated

that certain areas, particularly in the South, had already been designated

for economic and social projects. As he said, "we are going to assist local
production, and help with vehicles, soap, wine, footwear, cloth, and other
products needed in the countryside." With regard to trade between the

rural areas and the cities, primarily under the "Marketing Campaigns in

Rural Areas," Joao Ernesto dos Santos "Liberdade" added that preparations

have been’made and they were awaiting supplies of industrial articles to

market them, He added that the outlook is good for trade between the provinces,
and that certain steps had already been taken, particularly with Huila Province.

"The party has spared no efforts and has been working around the clock to
complete the work that must be done."

"All the party's efforts are directed towards mobilizing its members, the
party youth, and the people's and social organizations to assist in the
defense and economic tasks so that the revolution can liquidate the counter-
revolution." This was his reply to a question on the party's role in
mobilizing the people to join defense and production efforts. He said that
the party was trying to mobilize the people in the province, as part of the
national effort to fight the puppet bands which are directly or indirectly
supported by international reactionary forces.

"We have held meetings," he said, "on the political and military situation
with members of the party, people's organizations and the party youth, and we
have gathered some good ideas which have helped us in our fight against UNITA's
puppet bands. He went on to say that the party's action was very evident
during the days following the tragic bombing attack on 19 April by UNITA's
bands, when the people reaffirmed their support for the MPLA-Labor Party

and demanded that the criminals be brought to justice.

People's Vigilante Brigades

In reference to vigilante activities by the people, and specifically the
People's Vigilante Brigades, Joao Ernesto dos Santos "Liberdade" said that

"we want to do a responsible job, and not jeopardize the idea which led to their
creation." The leader indicated that in addition to the brigades already
formed, work on setting up other brigades is progressing slowly but surely.

It is hoped that more brigades will be formed following a provincial "seminar"
to be held shortly on the subject.

9805
CSO: 3442/359



SENEGAL

PDS LEADER'S MANEUVERINGS CRITICISED
Dakar LE SOLEIL in French 21-23 Apr 84 p 2
[Editorial by Bara Diouf: "Answers to Questions"]

[Text] This week, some highly placed Senegalese dared raise questions
about the destiny of the nation using defamatory, and in some cases
insulting, terms.

Considering them as politicians, we concede that their first duty is to
cast a critical eye on the functioning of the state and of its institu-
tions. Considering them as active members of the opposition, we can
accept, as democrats, that their ambition to one day be at the head of
the highest organs of the nation is legitimate and should in no way be
disputed. Considering them as men, as citizens committed to an ethical
system from which decency and honesty cannot be excluded, let us admit
that they have seriously sinned against themselves and against the
Senegalese people they claim to represent.

Who does the leader of the PDS [Senegalese Democratic Party] hope to

fool in his speech in which his own narcissism is mixed with thinly veiled
encouragement to sedition and revolt? Who does he hope to win over by
claiming that Casamance has been abandonned and that only the banner of
the PDS remains to satisfy its aspirations for progress, for peace and
for democracy?

It happens, unfortunately for this politician consumed by political
ambition, that the president of the Republic has also just returned from
Casamance, and the reality that he found there is on the contrary more
optimistic and more attractive. Not to mention the large and enthusiastic
reception given him by the people from Ziguinchor to Kolda. This recep-
tion by itself constitutes a stinging rebuke, one that cannot be challenged,
to the insults of the leader of the PDS.

The facts speak for themselves, indeed, and the working people of Bignona,
Qussouve, Velingara, Sedhiou, etc., better than anyone, understand the
value of the efforts by the Abdou Diouf government to permit, actually,
that same Casamance, their own land, to take its true place in the nation.
Is it necessary to state that this is a privileged place. The tourist

51



SENEGAL

REPRESSIVE ACTION AGAINST STUDENTS BEING PREPARED
Dakar FAGARU in French Apr 84 p 7

[Text] An intense preparation of attitudes for a massive repression of
students is currently underway. Beginning now, the democratic forces of the
country must draw the attention of the Senegalese Government to the reactions
that its role in such a repression will certainly cause. This speech by
Minister of Higher Education Ibrahima Fall recalls, in tone and content, the
famous speech by Amadou Mactar Mbow that prepared the way for the bloody days
of May 1968. It is all there: the threats, the falsifications, the
playacting.. They are trying to persuade the people that the government has
done everything in its power but that the students are intractable, even
unreasonable. After thus setting the stage, they will proceed to action and
seize the smallest pretext such as a strike picket, again asserting “freedom
to work."

The student strike that has lasted since March 1984 is based on concrete and
legitimate demands that should be examined calmly and receptively. In this
connection, the statements by the Struggle Committee, of which we publish some
excerpts, respond to the Higher Education Ministry allegations and provide
some pertinent details.

All reasonable students were shocked by the Higher Education Ministry's
statements: the students of the department of letters have “spread the strike
into law and sciences"..."it is the students of the other departments that
have forced the medical students into the strike...etc." Reasonable students
have been shocked by the treacherous article by Alioune Drame in LE SOLEIL of
Friday 20 April, as well as by the minister's meeting with the P"S" students
on Tuesday 17 April 1984 to whom he delivered the shortened minutes of the
negotiations with the student representatives and also persisted in pushing
a plan for liquidation of the legitimate strike. In another statement dated
26 April: "...despite hundreds of special police assigned to the campus,
allegedly to ensure the security of the students who would like to attend
classes, the overwhelming majority of students, respecting the strike
principle, avoided provocation and maintained their struggle enthusiasm.

This to the disappointment of the special police and their commanders.

This morning, the situation was as follows:

Medicine: Only a minority (about 10) attended class.

49



SENEGAL

OPPOSITION LEADER'S OPTIONS SCORED
Dakar LE POLITICIEN in French 27 Apr 84 pp 1, 8
[Article by Mam Less Dia: "Wade Is Off to War: Armed Democracy"]

[Text] Wade clearly stated during his historic press conference that he
has recently written President Diouf to ask for "certain guarantees"
without which his party, the [PDS] Senegalese Democratic Party would no
longer participate in elections. And in the same revolutionary burst
of enthusiasm, he proclaimed, no less clearly, that there were only two
ways to come to power: "by arms or by democracy."

Since the head of the PDS no longer seems to believe in democracy, we
must resign ourselves to accepting the fact that he has chosen, from now
on, the way to civil war.

Fidel Castro had a slogan: "the country or death". He fought with the
determination and the lucidity he is known for, in order to radically
change the antidemocratic social order which was crushing his country.

Wade, too, has just found a slogan made to measure: "power or death."
Thus, the. faithful to his own logic, the leader of the PDS seems to be
mulling over a plan to lead our country into a bloody civil way, the
outcome of which will determine his, Wade's place with respect to power.

In 1981, when Wade had sent his cohorts in formation to the Tripoli
military academy, public opinion was greatly outraged. But no one
could really believe that the leader of the PDS was really possessed
by the war demon. Today, this threat has become clearer since his dis-
concerting declaration made the other day.

8956
CsO: 3419/640

55



patriotic forces. However, there is more: above all there is the fact that
our two organizations declare ourselves to be from the single and same working
class, and struggle under the same red flag of communism. (...)

Oumar Marone, People's Democratic Movement (MDP): (...) We want to testify
to the constant availability of your party. In February 1983, at the time of
the elections in which your leader Mamadou Dia was candidate, the LD-MPT
spontaneously accepted and genuinely supported the candidacy.

Not to please Mamadou Dia and the MDP, but to play its part according to its
own convictions, its own pledged vision of Senegal's destiny, in the carrying
out of the imperative assault that the patriotic are dutybound to make on the
existing regime.

Thus, from this lofty rostrum--having done so earlier in an appropriate form--
we address to you, rather than our thanks, our sincere congratulations. I
mean congratulations, because these elections were a difficult test, a clear
political indicator and fertilizing seed of our certitude and determination
(24)

We will above all maintain hope, knowing that the LD-MPT, of all the
political organizations contacted that were not members of the FSR [expansion
unknown], was the only one to respond thus far to the invitation of the FSR to
launch, along with its subsidiary organizations, an appeal for holding a
National Popular Conference of the Forces of Change (...)

Ubangi Patriotic Front-Labor Party (FPO-PT): (...) It was with great
pleasure that we learned of the legalization of your party, and it is with
genuine pride that we follow your development in the very difficult situation
that faces any revolutionary struggle in Africa, and particularly any
anticolonial struggle. Committed like you to this struggle for Africa's
dignity, the FPO-PT urges you to do everything to achieve the combination of
the noble ideas of the LD-MPT and the concrete concerns of the brotherly
Senegalese people. To this end, we can only encourage you to take the course
of the broadest possible patriotic alliance, an alliance that must necessarily
be accompanied by additional effort to broaden your own base and by the search
for understanding with the other Senegalese national forces that would accept
anti-imperialism as the minimimum basis for cooperation. (...)

Daniel Kouyela (AAPSO): (...) This congress is significant in more than one
respect. It is being held officially after several years of clandestine
activity, demonstrating that despite difficulties endured during this
difficult period the staff and active members of your party did not give up,
but, quite the contrary, showed praiseworthy courage and determination. We
have followed all the ups and downs of your organization's difficult struggle,
and believe me we are proud that this struggle has culminated in legality. Is
that not a victory of your party over the antidemocratic forces? (...) (Your
report) reflects in general the AAPSO goals of struggle for decolonization,
opposition to neocolonialism, imperialism, and Zionism, and struggle for
detente and peace (...)

47



BRIEFS

MEDICINE DONATION--Five oil companies operating in Angola (Petrofina,
Cabinda Gulf, Elf, Total, and Shell) yesterday presented 90 containers of
medications to the Ministry of Health. The Portuguese Company, Mota and
Company, Inc, also delivered anesthetics, vitamins, anti-convulsives and
gauze. Additionally, Catemar donated poultry, rice, cooking oil, salt and
tea, intended for workers, machinery operators and drivers. Minister of

Health Ferreira Neto attendedthe ceremony. {Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA
in Portuguese 4 May 84 p 3] ‘

CSO: 3442/359

19



so that they might come to the aid of the brother people of Madagascar and
further strengthen the cooperation uniting us."

In conclusion, he emphasized "that we must do everything possible so that
this cooperation becomes closer and closer and so (it) will leave in Antanana-
rivo brothers who need more than ever a gesture of friendship."

It should be noted that since 11 April 1974, Cuba and Madagascar have signed
four programs of action and four others covering different areas, particularly
the political, cultural, scientific, technical, commercial and economic do-
mains.

11,464
CSO: 3419/643

37



Possibility of Cooperation With Iran Examined
(Bamar Gueye; WAL FADJRI, 27 Apr-1 Jun 84)......ceceeeveeeee

Opposition Leader's Options Scored
(Mam Less Dia; LE POLITICIEN, 27 Apr 84)......ccccecccccecces

Briefs
From Separatism to Terrorism
"Takusaan,' PDS Linked
ZIMBABWE

Mugabe Urges RSA Workers To Combat Apartheid
(Harare Domestic Service, 18 May 84).....cccccccscecccceesece

HERALD Says Government Out of Patience With ZAPU
(SAPA, 21 May 84)...cceeeeeeeeeees desseeceeeeeceecececeeeeres

53

55

56

56

57

58



Speaking on his part, Mr Bruce Scot, Director of the East African office of
the IDRC, said that IDRC was established by the government of Canada in 1970,
in response to pressing needs expressed by developing countries, with the
view that more investment for research and development problems was required
to enable countries to reduce their dependency on developed countries for
technology and in the process develop their own research capacity to. solve
their own problems. He added that IDRC does not do research but provides
financial grants to researchers in developing countries, (ENA)

CSO: 3400/964

30



Moreover, according to the guidelines emanating from the First Extra~
ordinary Congress of the MPLA-Labor Party, the fishing sector in Namibe
Province should be developed as a priority matter, so that the rest of the
southern, eastern, and some of the northern provinces in the country may be
regularly supplied with fish.

However, fulfillment of the guidelines of the Party's Extraordinary Congress
for 1981-1985 is quite a bit behind schedule, and little or nothing has been
done in this area because of a shortage of materials. According to the
provincial fisheries representative, Aurelio Baptista, "one of the steps taken
in fulfillment of the basic guidelines for economic and social development as
determined by the Extraordinary Congress was to restore Namibe's shipyards,
using local resources, ‘so that the ships could be better conditioned. Aside
from this, nothing has been done because of a shortage of materials."

On a provincial level, the fishing industry is located in the town of Tombua
(formerly Porto Alexandre), which is the focal point of the province's

fish processing industry. Moreover, this town's development revolves around
the fishing sector, and it is self-sufficient in fish and its by-products.
The only thing the local industry needs is greater support for the workers
in the fish processing units. In a future issue, we will discuss the
town's other sectors besides fisheries.

The City: the Mirror of the Province and the Lack of Transportation

The city of Namibe reflects the situation throughout the province as far as
cleanliness and public hygiene are concerned.

Early in the morning, groups of workers from the Municipal Commissariat

of Namibe can be seen on all the streets of the city with their brooms,
shovels and other implements, cleaning the city. In the residential areas,
one frequently sees the residents cleaning their entryways and the area
around their homes, something which is not seen in the other provincial
capitals.

Despite the shortage of materials, such as trucks to collect the garbage,
containers and others, the Municipal Commissariat is making an effort to
keep the city clean at all times (using its own means), since it is the
mirror of the Province.

Moreover, public transportation in Namibe is a problem for all those who
must depend on the services of the Public Transportation Enterprise (ETP).
Aside from regular runs between the provincial. capital and the other towns
and the city of Lubango, the inhabitants of the province normally get from
one place to another on foot or by cart.

The local airport is about 6 kilometers from the center of the city,

and all arriving or departing passengers are transported by their families
(if they have transportation), or else they must use the carts of the
honest (?) drivers.

16



CAPE VERDE

PRESIDENTIAL VISIT LENDS RECOGNITION TO SANTO ANTAO ISLAND

Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 28 Apr 84 pp 6, 7

[Text] The presidential visit has revealed the real panorama of the island
through the contacts which the PAICV [African Party for the Independence of
Cape Verde] secretary general had with the people of Selada do Alto Mira,
Ribeira das Patas, Porto Novo, Corda e Lagoa, Ribeira Grande, Boca da Ribeira,
Garca de Cima, Cha de Igreja, Sinagoga, Paul, Joao Vaz, Vila das Pombas

and Ponta do Sol.

Through their representatives, all the people expressed their needs, which
basically touch upon all the problems of living: lack of water.for the land
and for drinking, lack of food, lack of a health station or a nurse, lack
of transportation. Later, they asked for improvement of schools and support
for fishermen engaged in commercial fishing.

The drought has resulted in unemployment which causes the work fronts to
increase. The construction of roads in Santo Antao today is heroic feat that
illustrates the courage and firmness of a people who do not let themselves
be beaten by the hardships of the drought. "The greatest in recent years,"
the president of the republic stressed on various occasions.

We will speak about the roads and fishing elsewhere. Suffice it for now to
say that the essential concern of the president of the republic was to propose
solutions that will reduce the people's food shortages. To guarantee the
survival of the natives of Santo Antao was the watchword so that the desire
many times expressed by Aristides Pereira that no one will die of hunger

in free and independent Cape Verde may really be fulfilled.

The Anonymous Heroes of Santo Antao's Roads

If we wanted to find an example of the courage of the people of Santo Antao,
if we doubted their strength and tenacity, if perchance the iron will of a
people who endure the drought and the lack of so many things were not visible
to us, then it would suffice for us to observe the construction of the road
between Paul and Janela or between Ribeira Grande and Ponta do Sol to under-
stand once and for all what a people are capable of.

22



ANGOLA

BANK OF PORTUGAL OPENS NEW CREDIT LINE
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 5 May 84 p 16

[Text] A new credit line of $40 million--about 5.5 million contos--was estab-
lished by the Bank of Portugal last week in favor of the People's’ Republic of
Angola. The new credit line, which is to finance Angolan imports ‘of Portuguese
services and equipment goods, does not affect that which has been in existence
since 1979, and is combined with the $90 million "ceiling" established for

the credit line to support Angolan imports of Portuguese consumer goods.

Belying the earlier negative expectations, the Central Bank delegation which
visited Luanda last week negotiated the new credit line in an atmosphere of
“total consensus," Alexandre Vaz Pinto, deputy governor of the Bank of
Portugal, who headed the Portuguese mission, told EXPRESSO.

The time provisions and interest rates applicable to the credit line which
has just been negotiated, this same source said, are "close to the conditions
established in the OECD 'consensus'." Because of the increase seen in inter-
est rates since 1979, they are higher than those for the credit line negoti~
ated that year, and they are suitable for "a partner desiring to aid without
offering charity," Alexandre Vaz Pinto said.

A fact of particular significance in connection with the visit of the Portu-
guese mission to Luanda was that some back payments owed by Angola to its
clients in Portugal were settled in full last week. Although they had never
reached an alarming level, these small lags could eventually have served to
hinder financial relations between the central banks of the two countries.

The speed with which the new credit line was negotiated also has to do with
the fact that the People's Republic of Angola now has comparable financial
relations with various European countries, including France, Italy, Great
Britain and, more recently, Spain.

Within this framework, the Angolan authorities have been developing ever more
careful and rigorous management of their foreign exchange resources, and they
are currently undertaking a review of the major investment projects, consis-—
tent with their expectations concerning foreign exchange earnings.

More than 90 percent of the foreign exchange Angola earns abroad comes from
the export of oil, and international observers say that the Angolan level of
foreign indebtedness is "reasonable," since the debt service-total export
ratio is maintained at a perfectly controlled level.

5157
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ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

HAGBES TAX EVASION--The National Working People's Control Committee yesterday
accused Hagbes, a private limited company, of tax evasion to the tune of over
12,500,000 birr during the last five years. The committee said in a statement
to the press that the company also stands accused of other unspecified charges
which it considered "grave." It was noted that three of the share holders of
the company capital fled to Canada nine years ago. The company is known to
have been operating under different names since the early 1950s, importing
flour mills and metallurgical products. The National Working. people's Control
Committee said that the firm has since been under the exclusive and exploita-
tive control of Mr H. Behesnialian and his mother, Mrs Mary Behesnilian.

The committee said the younger Behesnilian has been engaged in sending con-
siderable amounts of money abroad through fraudulent bank practices and accused
the Techno-Ital Trading Company as well as various individuals within the
bureaucracy of complicity. (ENA) [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD
in English 29 Apr 84 p 1]

WORKERS' CONTROL COMMITTEES--A month-long training course for chairmen of
Basic Workers' Control Committees in Addis Ababa got underway yesterday at
the headquarters of the National Workers' Control Committee. Addressing the
chairmen of 201 basic workers' control committees attending the training
course, Comrade Lemma Gutema, COPWE Central Committee member and COPWE repre-
sentative for Addis Ababa, said the aim of the workers' control committee is
to combat embezzlement and wastefulness. He added that it is an instrument
through which the Revolutionary Government, COPWE and the working class attain
their common objectives. He stated that greater efforts are being made so
that the workers’ control committees at various levels would have uniform
organizational guidelines through the directives and support they are given
by the Revolutionary Government and COPWE. Present on the occasion were Com-
rade Makonnen Gizaw, Chairman of the National Workers’ Control Committee, and
Executive Committee members of the Addis Ababa COPWE office. (ENA) [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 24 Apr 84 p 1]

cso: 3400/964

31



Savimbi~-Peace Through Dialogue

While his guerrilla war is intensifying, Jonas Savimbi is deriving the
greatest profit from the fluid political situation created by the Lusaka
Accord. He has written to all of the heads of the African nations and
Western governments proposing direct talks between the UNITA and the
government of Jose Eduardo dos Santos.

"We want to seek peace through dialogue," Savimbi says. "If talks begin now,
we are prepared to participate in the government. But we are also prepared
to fight until we win final victory."

Savimbi repeated this in a message to the Angolan people and in an open
letter addressed to the politicians and intellectuals in his country.

There are even those who are of the opinion that even if he agrees to a
dialogue with the UNITA, an invitation to Savimbi to join the government
would probably mean the end for President Jose Eduardo dos Santos. It might
even lead to internal upsets which would place power in the hands of Savimbi,
who obviously thinks that his time is coming.

And here the attention that the sympathizers with and even members of the
MPLA have recently devoted to the military comes into it. This is because a
large portion of those disillusioned with the serious situation being exper-
ienced in Angola because of the folly of the Marxist regime in power are
beginning to think that only a clarification of this same regime can effec-
tively lead to peace. In other words, this faction is of the opinion, and it
does not seem to us far from the truth, that first of all, a purge of the
Central Committee and, naturally, the government, is essential. Only thus
would optimal conditions exist for a dialogue with Savimbi and for estab-
lishing a basis for understanding to which the UNITA leader would give his
full support, since he too is tired of the many years of war and now has some
concern about the tremendous sacrifice he is forced to ask of the people in
the areas he controls and of his own guerrilla fighters.

Kaunda's Concerns

However, while Kenneth Kaunda listens to the reports and the contradictory
echoes coming from the turbulent territory on his western frontier, he knows
that the Lusaka Accord could in the end become a crucial weapon for the man
who so carefully turned his back on it. In fact, Kaunda enjoys the advantage
of being well-acquainted with Savimbi, who years ago operated out of Zambia
against the Portuguese forces in Angola. At that time Savimbi had his head-
quarters in Lusaka, at the time he brought San Nujoma and his guerrilla
fighters into Angola.

In those days (who would have thought that San Nujoma would have to return to

the side of Savimbi, his former protector and guardian, again?), Kaunda had
excellent relations with Savimbi.

13



ZIMBABWE

MUGABE URGES RSA WORKERS TO COMBAT APARTHEID
MB181327 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 18 May 84

[Text] The prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, has called on the workers
in South Africa to increase their efforts to create new'anti-apartheid front-
lines. The prime minister told a 3-day conference on Programs of Action For
the Elimination of Apartheid, which opened in Harare today, that the racist
regime will not withstand the organized strength of the workers in the country
once they can strike at the heart of the productive system.

In a speech read on his behalf by the minister of labor, manpower planning,
and social welfare, Comrade Fredrick Shava, the prime minister called for the
acceleration of the liberation forces in Southern Africa. He said the
international community has a vital role to play in this process, not only by
way of training programs for liberation movements, but also in terms of
assistance to the frontline states.

On the South African-sponsored Super-ZAPU dissidents, Comrade Mugabe said by
sponsoring these dissidents, the regime is perpetrating acts of destabiliza-
tion against Zimbabwe. The prime minister declared that Zimbabwe will not
succumb to insurgence and acts of destabilization from the Pretoria regime
and its sponsored dissidents. .

The conference is being attended by delegates from Africa, Asia, Latin America,
and Europe.

cso: 3400/988

57



Naturally, the new equipment produces more than the old, and so the
enterprise has put the two lines in operation so as to balance production,
which is not at a desireable or satisfactory level. An area we were
interested in was the distribution of the articles produced by the
enterprise, and who its regular customers were, Jose Zeferino Vasconcelos
said in response that "the distribution plan originated from an industrial
inquiry conducted by "JA," [JORNAL DE ANGOLA] which made it possible to
ensure a coordinated distribution effort. Panga-Panga's customers are
industrial enterprises making furniture and related articles and construction
firms, In addition, we also supply the Ministries of Defense and State
Security, and serve individual customers.

According to the enterprise's director, the firm has "an organized
accounting system, and is currently in the process of introducing a cost
accounting system," which shows that the enterprise exercises financial
control over its operations and its factories.

There are also plans to engage in a contract to ship veneer and, in 1985, to
export sawn timber. They are also expecting to move forward on a project
to complete the Pau-Rosa (Cabinda) and Undianuno (Luanda) Units, so that the
country can also export plywood.

As the director pointed out, the plywood produced by Panga-Panga meets
international quality standards, with the exception of certain details which
will be resolved when the projects referred to in the previous paragraph
are completed, They will also make it possible to reduce the consumption of
lumber and rationalize its use.

9805
CSO: 3442/359



the task of defending the Motherland particularly rests on the shoulders of
the young generation. By defending the Motherland the youth is defending its
own future, since it is only in an independent and peaceful country that it
can live, work and build a prosperous and bright future. Speaking to young
Red Armymen leaving to the war front, Lenin said, "As you go to the front
you must remember above all that this war alone, the war of the oppressed
and exploited against the violators and plunderers is legitimate, just and
sacred." Thus, the defence of our Revolutionary Motherland against direct
and indirect imperialist interference is the lofty task of the youth.

The preservation of national, regional and international peace is not a roman-
tic daydream but an immediate reality and a task that must be tackled without
delay. There is no meaningful socioeconomic development whatsoever under con-
ditions of war and tension. The preservation of peace is, therefore, the
precondition for economic advancement. Given the material and human toll war
inflicts on the already fragile economies of developing countries, any person
in his right mind cannot but energetically oppose any policy of. belligerence.

Nevertheless, the hard facts of reality make it clear that peace cannot be
presented on a silver platter; it has to be won. The policy. of peaceful co-
existence among peoples and the military readiness for all eventualities is
indispensable for the preservation of world peace. .The youth in all countries
must indefatigably struggle for this ideal.

We can further expand the meaning of defence of the Motherland and look at the
other side of the coin. Unless the rear and the front--economic construction
and the building of a strong defence potential--are carried out in a comple-
mentary manner, the task of national construction partially loses its signif-
icance. Economic construction is a task no less important than the training
of young people for defending the Motherland and the Revolution,

Young workers in any sector of the national economy who, in one way or another,
contribute to the improvement of production are indirectly helping the defence
capabilities of the nation. .Hence, defence should not be seen in isolation
from economic tasks. Selfless dedication to the development of the country,
love and respect for the virtues of labour and concern to collective well-
being should be the hallmark of the new generation which is entrusted with the
task of national defence, In this sense the current full scale mobilization
for the National Military Service marks a new and a qualitatively higher phase
in. the defence of the Motherland which has chosen a socialist path of
development.

cso: 3400/964

28



satisfactory fashion. For distribution of the fish, the project has its own
vehicles, and the integration of the fish women (mongers) in PAPASA is envis-
aged. Selling stations have already been opened up in Ribeira Grande and
Paul. oo

With regard to the future, in terms of increasing the fishermen's income and
reducing their risks, PAPASA may introduce other types of line fishing. On
the other hand, thought is being given to trying to fish with nets since it
is a highly productive system. In any case, the experiment is going to be
tried very carefully. because the existence of sharks in these waters may pre-
vent recourse to nets. The sharks completely destroy the nets but in well
defined areas the experiment is going to be attempted.

This type of fishing has the great advantage of dispensing with bait and
considerably increasing the productivity of the boats.

If everything goes well, if there are no unforeseen circumstances, PAPASA
will be in full operation within a year in the service of the fishermen of
Santo Antao and the population of the island. Its full implementation is
going to change the lives of both. The former because they will earn more
and the latter because they will be able to eat better.

8711
C80: 3442/362

25



The difficulties the industrial enterprises are experiencing are not the
fault of their managers alone, but also of the awareness of some workers, as
well as social factors.

On the other hand, the failure to complete the COMETA installations inevit-
ably means that its true capacity is currently underutilized, since this
factor has a substantial effect on the organization of the production unit.

The COMETA-UEE, which has only two Angolan engineers in its employ, is facing
further difficulties due to the lack of communications facilities (tele-
phones), which are essential for constant contact with the units, since they
are scattered and a considerable distance from the main office (PETRANGOL
{Angola Petroleum Company], Boavista and Viana).

It is therefore important that other structures provide the support necessary
so that COMETA can measure up to the requirements made of it in positive
fashion.

Technical-Material Support From France

The technical-material support for the three COMETA units is basically of
French origin (from which such support comes) within the context of a
financing contract which is a part of the credit line granted by France to
the People's Republic of Angola.

Jorge Teixeira explained the contract forms, moreover, as follows. "We buy
the material and the French bank finances it through this credit line granted
to the People's Bank of Angola. Therefore we are forced to buy from France
if in fact we want to use the credit." The general director of COMETA fur-
ther said that "we have an offer from the embassy of Brazil, which will also
provide our country with a credit line. As Brazil has some enterprises of
this kind, perhaps some raw materials can come from that South American
country."

However, this official explained that this type of raw materials supply con-
tract has resulted in their arrival in the country with some delay. He added
that "the raw materials currently expected were offered 1981, i.e., 3 years
ago." In Jorge Teixeira's view, "the ideal thing would be to receive the
products quarterly, and never in partial annual lots."

Emergency Plan

On the basis of an emergency plan, the Ministry of Planning has asked the
COMETA-UEE to produce tank trucks and semitrailers for defense and for the
SONANGOL. Such production would come to 93 10,000-liter tank trucks, 15
15,000-liter tank trucks, 60 18,000-liter tanks and 62 30,000-liter trailer-
mounted tanks.

However, the main office of the COMETA set forth some proposals which must be
satisfied in order to allow the fulfillment of this emergency plan, which
will hinder the production plan of the units.



ANGOLA

VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY COMETA ENTERPRISE DESCRIBED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Apr 84 p3
[Article by Eugenio Diogo]

[Excerpts] The COMETA State Economic Unit (UEE) is the only enterprise in
the metalworking branch in the country engaged in the production of
trailer transport vehicles.

A merger of a total of three units (COMETA 1, 2 and 3), it has developed from
the embryo represented by the enterprises in the metalworking branch in
the colonial era, that is to say Contar, IMAG and Manuel Conde.

With a view to the establishment and subsequent modernization of the units,
the National Heavy Industry Office drafted a list of tasks and, among the
various proposals, Titan (a French enterprise) was given the responsibility
for studying the capacity of each to produce a differentiated range of
products. And so it was that COMETA 1 was assigned the production of trailer
chassis and semitrailers, COMETA 2 the production of road storage tanks and
semitrailer tanks, while COMETA 3 was to produce fixed tank,dump and garbage
trucks.

That enterprise, which can employ about 600 workers directly, may due to the
volume of its activity "creep up on" others such as the SONANGOL [National
Angolan Fuel Company], Mabor and even some foundries. Basically, its direc-
tor, engineer Jorge Teixeira, says, "It is basically contributing a heavy
percentage to defense, with the construction of machine transports, because
the country already has the raw materials for their production." However,
its products also have applications to all of national life, both in trans-
porting fuel, general freight, construction (where dump trucks are concerned)
and in the agricultural sector, with farm trailers, which can also be used by
the municipal commissioners' offices for hauling garbage and other materials.
Other sectors may benefit from the products of the COMETA units, which could
to some extent avoid the imports of certain products and the spending of
foreign exchange.

Real Capacity Unutilized
The real use of the installed capacity of the large-scale industrial enter-

prises, as is the case with COMETA, depends not only on the enterprise it-
self, but on a complex of other factors which can also provide real support.



Unless the shaky Angolan government modifies its position on the military and
diplomatic levels, it is very probable that the relations between Kaunda and
Savimbi will be reestablished.

Those who think that this development is entirely improbable should cast a
glance at what happened in Mozambique. Immediately following the Lusaka
Accord, the treaty of "peace and security between President Samora Machel
and South African Prime Minister Pieter Botha" was signed.

There can be no question that ,the Angolan solution lies primarily with the
MPLA and the UNITA. But it remains equally true that other groups, although
less important, will seek to participate in the sharing of power, not so much
for the sake of power as such, but for what they can do (and they have the
capability) in terms of getting the administrative, political, social and
economic machinery operating. .

However, it is unfortunate that for the moment there is no sign of the
slightest inclination toward unity of all Angolans, and that the destruction
of the national patrimony is proceeding indiscriminately.

We are hoping that the breath of change which can be noted will become a
forceful enough wind to push the Angolan vessel out of the morass in which it
has become mired, but without becoming ‘a tornado capable of destroying the
little which still remains.

5157
CSO: 3342/364

14



ANGOLA

PANGA-PANGA LUMBER PRODUCING PLANT FACES PROBLEMS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 27 Apr 84 p 3

[Excerpts] Panga-Panga produces enough to supply the market.
However, the shortage of lumber is a problem of marketing,
especially in Cabinda, where there are on average from 10,000

to 15,000 sheets of plywood stacked up for periods ranging from

4 to 6 months, because of a lack of outlets, according to

the director-general of the enterprise, Jose Zeferino Vasconcelos,
who explained the situation during an interview there.

This enterprise produces plywood, composite board, veneer and fine woods, in
addition to sawn timber.

During our conversation the director-general of the enterprise pointed out
that "the enterprise also engages in forestry exploration, so that it can
become self-sufficient in lumber and not have to rely on supplies from other
enterprises. Currently, the only wood coming from outside is purchased in
Cabinda.

However, even with its own forestry exploration, supplies of lumber are not
sufficient for the installed capacity of the various factories making up
the enterprise, since supplies of about 10-15,000 cubic meters of lumber per
year fall short of the 100,000 needed.

According to the enterprise's director, the problem could be resolved by
implementing the guidelines of the First Extraordinary Party Congress and
the decision of the Central Committee's Secretariat for the Productive
Sector, providing for regular supplies and achievement of self-sufficiency
in raw materials.

We also learned that the production of sawn timber is a secondary support
activity of the enterprise. In view of the current situation in the country,
Panga-Panga is helping to solve minor problems in the industrial sector and
with central economic agenices of the party and the government.

One of its units, known as "Undianuno" (formerly, Jomar of Luanda) has
various pieces of obsolete equipment, in addition to modern equipment
purchased in recent years. Efficient maintenance of the equipment has
enabled it to remain operative.



BOTSWANA

MASIRE OUTLINES FOREIGN POLICY ON SWEDISH TRIP
MB180945 Gaborone BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS in English 8 May 84 p 3

[Text] London, 7 May--The President Dr Masire this week updated the people of
Sweden on Botswana's foreign policy perspectives when he spoke at the Uppsala
University, addressing a seminar organised by the Dag Hammarkskjold Foundation
and the Nordic Institute of African Affairs on Friday evening, a day before he
ended his official visit to Sweden.

Opening the discussion, Dr Masire briefed the participants on the close re-
lationship that exists between a country's foreign and domestic policy.

He explained that this was so because a nation's foreign policy must spring
from a combination of the basic principles and aspirations of its citizens,
as well as from the geo-political situation in which it finds itself.

Turning to the Botswana's domestic affairs, he recalled the earlier economic
problems, among.them the fact that for six years after independence Botswana's
recurrent budget had to be subsidised by the British Government and there were
virtually no employment opportunities in the country and as a result thousands
of Botswana's young men emigrated to South Africa to work in mines.

President Masire said.at independence Botswana was isolated and all its trade
was virtually with or through South Africa and Southern Rhodesia, the fact
that placed constrained the government's foreign policy options. [Sentence
as published]

He appreciated the independence of Mozambique, Angola and Zimbabwe, which he
said had somewhat improved Botswana's trading and transportation options,
although the destructive effects of the wars of liberation would take a long
time to be overcome.

Discussing the issue of the independence of Namibia, he reiterated his rejection
of any linkage of the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola with the indepen-
dence of Namibia.

Turning to the situation inside South Africa itself, which he described as an
entirely different matter, Dr Masire said the continued denial of human dignity
and equality to the majority of the people in South Afiica simply because they
are black was the direct.cause of the current violence and tension in that

country.

20



201178

JPRS-SSA-84-066

8 June 1984

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

j9gg0819 125

PTC QuaLry inspzcren g

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

wemooweo By
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE y
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 &

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SENEGAL

LD-MPT ORGAN CALLS FOR PERFECTING PARTY ORGANIZATION
Dakar FAGARU in French Apr 84 p 1
[Editorial: “Complete Building of the Party"]

[Text]. In face of the profound political crisis that is shaking the
neocolonial regime right to its foundations, the Democratic Léague--Movement
for the Labor Party (LD-MPT) proposes to the people its program of National
Democratic Revolution, a transition to socialism as the only solution to the
crisis and the only sure path to satisfying their legitimate aspirations to
national independence, democracy, social’ justice, progress and well-being.

This is the significance of the appeal that our party, the LD-PMT, makes to all
the democratic and patriotic forces in our country under today's mobilizing
slogan: Unity and Struggle! A multiform offensive against the neocolonial
regime. Multipartyism is one of the victories of our people. The
preservation and extension of the democratic gains will be another, the result
of united and persistent struggle by the forces for true change against the
antisocial, antipopular and authoritarian policy of the Senegalese Progressive
Union-Socialist Party (UPS-PS) government. :

That is why our party calls for strengthening of the main components of the
Anti~Imperialist United Front, with the priority objective of getting the
masses into action.and enabling them to undertake themselves their own
liberation. However, to get the masses into action, unite all the forces of
genuine change, and conduct a multifprm and general offensive against the
neocolonial power to finally bring it down, requires fulfillment of: one
primary condition, the condition of all conditions, that is, completion of the
building of the powerful party of the working class, of the poor peasantry,
and of the revolutionary intellectuals.

This is why the LD-MPT today particularly stresses, even more than in the
past, the tasks of organizational development and spreading the radiance of
the party. Certainly the communist phenomenon has become an irreversible
objective reality on the Senegalese national political scene. This is a
historic credit to the LD-MPT. It remains for history to objectively assign
us the mission to play a vanguard role despite the inadequacies and omissions
that still tarnish here and there our revolutionary practice.

Given this reality, it is a duty of all party members to educate themselves
and to contribute to raising the consciousness of the masses.

43



As reported to ANGOP, 954 hectares of maize were also harvested by 122
individual farmers, who are also supervised at municipal level by the
Agrarian Development Enterprise.

The director of the EDA, Abel Martins, said that his enterprise had decided
to reward the associated peasants for the efforts they had been making to
increase production, To fulfill this commitment, 415 hectares of manioc
were cultivated in the communities of Lombe, Quizenga and in the Soqueco
sector,

The Cambonze Poultry Enterprise has for its part been experiencing serious
difficulties as a result of failure to receive any shipments of birds since
the beginning of the year, despite the fact that it has the coops prepared,
with a capacity for 50,000 chickens.

According to sources from that enterprise, during the past year the enterprise
expected to receive 91,000 laying hens, but the shipment was never received
because of various problems with the national brooder.

9805
CSO: 3442/359



CACUSO MUNICIPALITY AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES’ PRODUCTION FIGURES
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 1 May 84 p 3

[Text] N'Zinga M'Bandi Agricultural Enterprise, located in the
municipality of Cacuso, farmed 1,000 hectares of cotton this year, and also
has 150 hectares of maize under cultivation, according to a report by the
enterprise's director, Jesse Safeca told ANGOP.

Made up of two production units, Mucuichi and Marracho, with a total of

290 workers, the N'Zinga M'Bandi Agricultural Enterprise expects to pick a
ton of cotton per hectare this year, for an overall production of 1,000 tons
of seeded cotton, as compared to an output of 1,800 tons last year.

Turning to the marketing of the cotton produced by the enterprise he
heads, Jesse Safeca indicated that 80 percent of the crop is channeled through
ENTEX, while the rest is sold to Africa Textil and to a mattress factory in

the capital.

The Cacuso agricultural enterprise, which has 339 employees and produces
maize and sunflowers, expected to cultivate 1,100 hectares of maize during
the 1983/84 crop year, but has had to adjust its plan to 500 hectares, out
of which 460’ have been planted up to now, in addition to 200 hectares of
sunflowers,

According to the director of the enterprise, shortages of fuel and lubricants
and the drought which has afflicted the countryside during the past few
months are to blame for the failure to meet the goals set, as they have
prevented any increase in production.

He pointed out that, in addition to the crops indicated, the enterprise
also has 100 hectares of coffee, and raises cattle and hogs on a small scale.

Eighty percent of the maize it produces is sold to the Cacuso Poultry
Enterprise, while the rest is channeled to various agencies in the province.

As for the production of associated peasants, there are 33 associations of
peasants supervised at municipal level by the Agrarian Development Enterprise
(EDA), which have produced 350 hectares of maize and 70 hectares of sweet
potatoes this crop year,


SENEGAL

BRIEFS

FROM SEPARATISM TO TERRORISM--The Casamance separatists, or at least,
those who are left, have now opted for isolated acts. A tactic which
implies compartmentalization at every level. Radio Ndiongolor, which
announced the news, says'that a Wolof, named Ndiaye, living in Casamance,
was seen stoned and his field destroyed by unknown persons. The

problem of the Casamance separatists is therefore far from being solved,
contrary to what was believed after many of the movement's militants
were recently freed. We should not be misled. With isolated individual
acts and all the consequences which that implies, we wonder where all
this is leading. Especially when we know that the "diola" is stubborn
and faces death fearlessly. To be continued... [Text] [Dakar Le SOLEIL
in French 21-23 Apr 84 p 2] 8956

"TAKUSAAN,' PDS LINKED--According to a report of Radio Ndiongolor heard
in Dakar, Jeannot-le-dur, a close associate of his majesty, had a
lengthy meeting last week with the head of "Dieuf Action," who, as we
know, had, after a stormy resignation, from the PS Socialist Party,
joined up with Mr Wade. The clandestine station which reported the
event revealed that during the course of that meeting, Jeannot tried
to convince the journalist of the interest that His Majesty's party
takes in his return to the fold. [Text] [Dakar LE POLITICIEN in
French 13 Apr 84 p 2] 8956

CSO: 3419/640

56


(on 17 April 1983) by persons in the pay of those two agents infiltrated by
Maputo. FRELIMO had permitted a propaganda defeat a few months before
but in exchange it sought to strike the guerrilla movement at a vital point.

After the months of uncertainty that followed the death of Orlando Cristina,
RENAMO appears to have recovered fully from the blow it suffered. The actions
of Maputo's troops, the political assassination unleashed by FRELIMO, appeared
not to have had any major effect. Two long military campaigns, "Red August"
and "Black September" were then launched against the government forces. At
that time, fighting involved the whole of Nampula Province in the north. A
short while later, the Incomati River, in the southern part of the country,
began to be crossed by the first guerrilla groups.

In December 1983 the largest offensive of all time was put into operation
by the Resistance.

At that timé, we witnessed an infiltration of the guerrillas even further to
the south, reaching places a few kilometers from the capital. To the north,
the forces of the Resistance reached the center of Niassa Province and pre-
pared their advance on Cape Delgado. The Maputo-South Africa railroad was
also cut.

The movement of Afonso Dlakhama, which today already comprises close to 20,000
men under arms; was then confronted with the new course that FRELIMO plans

to impose on the country. Resistance sources show a full awareness that such
a turn by FRELIMO is possible today only due to the intense and constant
pressures which the movement is putting on Maputo. The last alternative, they
consider, which Machel could take to try to delay but not to prevent the fall
of this government. "What is happening is a real demonstration of the defeat
that Machel is suffering in the face of our forces and it only gives us more
determination in the struggle in which we are engaged," an officer of the
Resistance general staff told us last week in Mbabane, Swaziland.

The Weapons Are from FRELIMO
According to the Resistance, and it is confirmed by independent sources, 65

precent of the materiel with which the guerrillas are equipped is the product
of the captures made by the latter. From government troops. The remaining

35 percent comes from foreign suppliers, among them several European countries.

However, it has been emphasized that all the antiaircraft weapons, mortars
and heavy artillery that RENAMO has today have come from the FRELIMO barracks
and forces attacked by the guerrillas.

In this area, the present accord signed between Mozambique and South Africa
does not seem to have any implication that will lead to an easing of the
armed struggle. Materiel problems thus seem to have been eliminated, the
"supplier" being FRELIMO itself; unless the Maputo soldiers start to go
unarmed!

39



ETHIOPIA

ROLE OF ‘YOUTH IN DEFENSE OF MOTHERLAND' DETAILED
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIA HERALD in English 24 Apr 84 p2
{Article by Mulugeta Gudeta]

{Text] A popular revolution has not only to shatter into pieces the structures
of the old order but must also be able to consolidate people's power and pro-
tect its gains. Had it not been for the lack of the necessary revolutionary
vigour on the part of the Paris Communards the invading Prussian army together
with the French bourgeoisie at Versailles could not have defeated the first
workers' revolution in history.

It was Lenin who later on critically assessed and fully grasped the Marxist
teaching on revolutionary defence and correctly applied it to conditions in
post-revolutionary Russia. He later on formulated the universally valid
statement by saying that a revolution unable to defend itself is worth nothing.

In this epoch of increased imperialist aggression and armed provocations,
Lenin's teaching on the need to defend the revolution has particular signifi-
cance. As a rule of contemporary history, revolutions that succeeded in
overthrowing internal autocracy automatically face the open aggression and
interference of imperialism. Vietnam and Cuba are but two living examples.
Moreover, given the shift in the balance of forces in favour of peace and
socialism, imperialism uses all the avenues available in order to weaken the
anti-imperialist forces of the world. It flagrantly violates the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and tries to destabilize progressive regimes. The most
recent example is, of course, Grenada.

While progressive forces in Africa in general aim at the step by step co-
ordination of policies of countries on regional basis for the purpose of pro-
moting the cause of socioeconomic development, not few are those who,
consciously or unconsciously, work to divide the people along ethnic, tribal
and religious lines. They further provoke civil wars and bloodsheds. In
these circumstances, it is incumbent upon peace-loving people to remain
vigilant and far-sighted.

Ethiopia, as a country which has boldly chosen the genuinely independent path
of socialist construction, cannot expect fraternal solidarity from the imperil-
ist camp. On the contrary, it has been the target of overt or covert imperil-
ist inspired aggressions, provocations and subversions. Under these conditions,

27



We must perfect our organizational methods, our methods of action and
involvement, and make more effective our liaison with the masses in order to
imprint on all the social struggles of our people a thorough proletarian
stamp, the only sure guarantee of carrying through to the end the National
Democratic Revolution, the transition toward socialism.

9920
CSO: 3419/626

44



CAPE VERDE

BRIEFS

FRENCH POULTRY AID--On 25 April, France and Cape Verde signed a financing
agreement intended for the construction and equipping of a laying-hen chicken-
house in Sao Vicente. The agreement signed involves an appropriation of
approximately 15,000 contos and follows another financing transaction by
France also in Sao Vicente, namely the construction and equipping of a
chicken slaughterhouse. Participating in the signing of the agreement, the
ceremony of which was held in the conference room of the Secretariat of
State for Cooperation and Planning, His Excellency, Ambassador Jacques
Bertrand, represented the French Government, and the secretary of state for
cooperation and planning, Comrade Jose Brito, represented the Cape Verdean
Government [Excerpt] [Praia VOZ DI POVO in Portuguese 28 Apr 84 p 3] 8711

CSO: 3442/362

26



For example, according to a proposal submitted by the COMETA, basic products
should be imported to supplement domestic resources. This represents 110,000
French francs monthly for all of the enterprise workers, a project which was
to have been carried out beginning last March.

Another of the proposal clauses calls for the resumption of finishing work
on the unit installations, basically the kitchen, dining rooms and bathing
facilities for COMETA 1, by the Cuban Construction Enterprise, and the assign-
ment of three vehicles to supply the dining rooms.

Again according to the proposals, solutions will have to be provided to some
problems pertaining to medical aid for the workers, the import of first-aid
medicines in the amount of 6,000 French francs per month, and some transport
facility needs must be met.

Other needs were also dealt with in the proposal, and according to Jorge
Teixeira, "if these needs are not met, we will not be responsible for the
delivery of the products."

The Situation at COMETA 1

COMETA 1, the embryo of the other units (practically speaking), is engaged in
the production of chassis, trailers and semitrailers for the road and farm
sectors. With a labor force of 210 direct workers, that production unit was
planned to produce 2-3,000 units annually. It occupies an area of 120,000
square meters, with a covered section of about 15,000 square meters.

It began its productive activities in May of 1981 with some provisional pro-
ducts, and by the end of the same year it had produced about 278 units. The
following year, based on a production plan, it produced 122 road trailers
(the plan calledfor 173), 56 semitrailers (plan fulfilled), 39 machine
transports (out ‘of the 69 planned), and a farm trailer (of the 250 planned).
It also fulfilled the production plan for 100 baggage vehicles. Last year
its total production involved the finishing of products semifinished in 1981
and 1982, such that 30 percent of the plan for the year was fulfilled.

5157
CSO: 3442/364



As for taxis, there has been no progress. There has been a great deal
of talk but nothing has been done to improve the circulation of these
vehicles. Moreover, they are on the verge of disappearing in Luanda,

The people most affected by this situation are those who have to go

long distances on foot with heavy loads. If they do not want to go on foot,
they are at the mercy of swindlers, It is thetefore urgent, in view of this
critical situation, for the ETP to Provide a a regular transportation service
for the people of the province.

Finally, Namibe is essentially a province which is surviving "at a price."

In short articles to appear in the JORNAL DE ANGOLA we will discuss in greater
detail the activities of certain sectors which are vital for the province's
development.:

9805.
CSO: 3442/359

17



to resemble yours in its inspiration, once again, but particularly in its accom-
plishments, from agrarian reform to nationalization of its waters (...). And
you did not wait until 1963, nor for the energy crisis, to take an interest in
Africa within the framework of African-Asian solidarity. It was within that
framework that you established, in 1971, an embassy to Senegal, the gateway to
black Africa. It was also within that framework that you proposed a substan-
tial increase in resources from the International Bank created by the petroleum-
producing countries for the development of the Third World."

On 27 April, President Senghor visited the petrochemical installations in the
southern part of the country. He left Tehran for Dakar on 29 April. Before
his departure Mr Babacar Ba, minister of state for finance and economic affairs,
had signed, with his Iranian counterpart, a loan agreement for $40 million
(about 10 million CFA francs).

This sum represented Senegal's share in the capital of LRANSENCO, a corporation
responsible for the building of the Cayar petroleum complex. With the Iranian
share, also $40 million, this brought the total capital to $80 million.

This amount represented a substantial part of the financing before permitting
the short-term project to be started. Did the Islamic revolution upset every-
thing? Happily for our ‘country, which is largely Moslem.

Now that the destiny of the Iranian people is in the hands of the Islamic
government, the Moslems of Senegal can see some happy prospects.

Why cannot Senegal and Iran cooperate openly? With the highest interest of the
nation in mind, the Senegalese authorities most know also that the requests
made during the Shah's time can properly be honored by the Islamic regime,
because in Islam cooperation is healthy and just, and in addition, the people
would benefit from it. Better yet, these people, being Moslems, are alike.

The break was not arranged by Senegal nor by other countries; the western coun-
tries are also suffering the consequences--those who tried to divide these
peoples...

And who are doing everything to turn them into enemies. All these plotters will
not achieve their goal. Let time do its work, and the future will judge. And
in all circumstances, the merciful God will always be on the side of the just.

{Boxed Insert] Reactions in Senegal:

The following have condemned the closing of the embassy of the Islamic Republic
of Iran: The People's Liberation Party, ETUDES ISLAMIQUE MAGAZINE, LE MUSULMAN

MAGAZINE.

8735
cso: 3419/628

54



GABON

BRIEFS

COOPERATION WITH CHINA--Within the framework of increased cooperation in deep-
sea fishing between Gabon and China, a delegation from that country, led by
Lu Hong-Tao, visited Libreville from 11 to 21 April. During its visit, the
Chinese delegation visited several fishing facilities. Before returning home,
the delegation met with Dr Herve Moutsinga, minister of woods and forests, on
21 April in his office. While stressing the great friendship linking Gabon
and China, Moutsinga expressed his satisfaction with receiving a professional
fishing delegation. Gabon's fishing policy, he said, is based on two main
points: the use of products from the sea and their processing within the
national territory, first of all, and the establishment of joint ventures with
foreign partners. The head of the Ministry of Woods and Forests confirmed
Gabon's intention of cooperating with China in all fields, including fishing.
For Moutsinga, the fishing industry involves several stages of development,
especially the different investments on land and in the water. Finally, the
minister of woods and forests assured the Chinese delegation of the friendship
which President Bongo feels for the great country of China. Speaking in his
turn, the head of the Chinese delegation thanked Minister Moutsinga for meeting
with them. Lu Hong-Tao also said he had appreciated the visit to the fishing
center, the wharf and other facilities. He promised to express Gabon's views
to Chinese officials who, he concluded, will draft a proposal to be submitted
to the next Chinese-Gaborese joint committee. Xin Yonglu and Nkogho-Eyi,
respectively first secretary of the Chinese Embassy and departmental head of
maritime fishing in the Ministry of Woods and Forests, attended the meeting.
The Chinese delegation left Libreville on 22 April in the evening. [By Mohamed
Moungalat] [Text] [Libreville L'UNION in French 25 Apr 84 p 6]. 11,464

CSO: 3419/643

34



MADAGASCAR,

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH BULGARIA REPORTED

Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 9 Apr 84 pp 1-2

[Text] Two agreements were signed between the Democratic Republic of Madagas-:
car and Bulgaria on Saturday. The first has to do with the establishment of
purely commercial relations and the second with economic and scientific coop-
eration.

Concerning the commercial agreement, it contains 11 articles, which stipulate
that trade between Madagascar and the People's Republic of Bulgaria must. be
in convertible currency. In addition, the agreement states that we shall ex-
port to Bulgaria agricultural, mining and handicrafts products, while Bulgaria
will supply us with industrial products.

In the chapter devoted to economic and scientific cooperation, both sides
agree in ten articles to intensify cooperation in the industrial fields of
research, agriculture and professional training. It should be emphasized
that the two agreements will go into effect as soon as signed and will remain
in force for 5 years.

The secretary general of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Maurice Ramarozaka,
representing the government at the signing ceremony, praised Bulgarian—Malagasy
cooperation. "On the already long road our friendship has caused us to travel,
these two agreements we have just signed mark our determination to emerge

from the Platonic phase of our relations," he added: "We hope that our coopera—
tion will now enter a more active phase."

Roman Sabkov, director of foreign trade for Bulgaria, noted that "the docu-
ments we have just signed are only paper, but they nevertheless form the
basis of our cooperation." He added: "Since our respective objectives are
alike, we believe that our cooperation will make rapid progress. Despite the
distance separating us, Bulgarians know that Madagascar is a brother people,"
he said. After announcing that a Malagasy economic delegation will be invited
to Bulgaria, Sabkov thanks local authorities for the warm welcome they had
received in Antananarivo during their stay, during which time the delegation
held talks with our minister of commerce.

Finally, a joint intergovernmental commission on economic, scientific and
technical cooperation is to be set up between Madagascar and Bulgaria in the
days ahead.

35

11,464
CSO: 3419/643



Law: lst A. Law (eight students P"S"/700); 2d A. Law (three students
P"s"/400); 4th A. Law P. (three students). A total of 14 students out of more
than 5,000.

Letters: Nine students in the entire department.

Sciences: Six students in the entire department.

9920

CSO: 3419/626



Under a blazing sun, on the rocky mountainsides, at risk of falling into

the sea, men and women, young and old, with picks and shovels in their hands,
day by day ‘and meter by meter, are building the roads that are going to put a
an end to the isolation of the population.

All of this work represents an act of courage, a declaration of faith in the
future which everyone wants to be better and happier.

The workers on the roads of Santo Antao are the anonymous heroes of this phase
of reconstruction of a country seared by drought and by the centuries of
colonialism.

Hour by hour, stone by stone, breaking mountains, digging, going up and down
the valleys, traveling kilometer upon kilometer daily from dawn until the

end of the afternoon to get to work and then home. It is they who, in their
unselfishness ‘and will to win, already constitute the new man in this Cape
Verde rejuvenated by independence. It is these nameless and faceless heroes
bent by the pick or by the sledgehammer ready to give their lives for a stretch
of road that will insure the certainty of a less difficult, more suitable and
happier future.

There are six road projects underway in Santo Antao at the present time:
Ribeira Grande-Ponta do Sol (4 kilometers); Paul-Janela (7 kilometers) ;
Ribeira Grande-Paul (8 kilometers); Ponta Sul-Ribeira da Cruz (26 kilometers);
Boca de Agua das Ribeiras-Garca de Cima-Ponte Sul do Tarrafal (30 kilometers)
and Selada de Jorge Luis-Alto Mira (5 kilometers).

Ribeira Grande-Ponta do Sol and Ribeira Grande-Paulo are practically completed,
we were told by engineer Spencer who is in charge of the implementation of
these projects.

The rate of construction does not exceed 500 meters per year per road section
but at the present time 1 kilometer per year is already being achieved.

Soon greater productivity will be sought utilizing for this purpose Italian
technical cooperation, which will assist the heavy machinery used in road
construction.

The six projects, all underway simultaneously, involve about 2,500 workers.
PAPASA: Support the Fishermen and Distribute the Fish

"Within a year, the Project of Support for Small-Business Fishing in Santo
Antao (PAPASA) will be in a position to be in full operation," the director
of that undertaking, Mister Rocha, told us, acknowledging an increase of
about 50 percent in the production of that island's boats.

Basically, the project aims at increasing the catches, supplying motors and
fishing material for the fishermen at favorable rates and with payment
facilities, contributing to the protection of their lives, collect the fish
and supplying fresh bait.

23



SENEGAL

POSSIBILITY OF COOPERATION WITH IRAN EXAMINED
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 27 Apr-1 Jun 84 p 25
[Article by Bamar Gueye]

[Text] Confronted with numerous plots, orchestrated in general by oppressors
from both East and West and their flunkies, true Islam continues to forge ahead.

The Eastern oppressors, like those of the West, not to mention the worst enemies
of Islam--the self-styled Moslems--are organizing a campaign to confuse world
opinion. The facts are misinterpreted; confusion is "harmoniously" maintained
particularly among Moslems, on the basis of facts and ideas.

For example, with the Islamic renewal, it is a question of discrediting, by the
enemies of Islam through the condemnation of "religious fanaticism" or solidarity,
the entire spectrum of nondomestic Islamic movements and of trying to justify in
advance the basis fot an offensive against Islam.

That is a well-known ploy: the forces of evil, the enemies of Islam have used
it more than once during the course of history.

Birds of a Feather

Actually, from 1964 until the departure (or flight) of the first president of
the Republic of Senegal, our country (Senegal) had "exceptional" relations with
Iran. This was during the reign of the Shah, who was imperialism's most
devoted flunky.

It is because these two chiefs of state had the same political options and the
same mission that they maintained such good collaboration. The Iranian dictator
told Senghor during an official banquet at the imperial palace, "You are the
spiritual spokesman for all Africa."

In his response, the Senegalese chief of state had stated, among other things,
"Sir, what strikes Senegalese officials who have studied your revolution is
not, certainly, the identity, but the similarity of our situations, more than
the solutions we are seeking for these situations. (...We know it. Senegal is
not Iran, and we have neither your wealth nor your cadres. It remains for our
revolution, although we wish it to be black African, socialist and democratic,

53



Briefs
French Poultry Aid

ETHIOPIA

Role of 'Youth in Defense of Motherland' Detailed
(Mulugeta Gudeta; THE ETHIOPIA HERALD, 24 Apr 84)..........

IDRC Workshop Evaluates Projects
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 24 Apr 84).....ccceccecscccecececes

Briefs

Hagbes Tax Evasion
Workers’ Control Committees

GABON

Clandestine Immigration Controls Planned
(Michel N'dombe Interview; L'UNION, 25 Apr 84)..........00.

Briefs
Cooperation With China

MADAGASCAR

Cooperation Agreement With Bulgaria Reported
(MADAGASCAR MATIN, 9 Apr 84)

Cultural Agreement With Cuba Detailed
(MADAGASCAR MATIN, 13 Apr 84)..........0000- tee cere ee eeeee

MOZAMBIQUE

Portuguese Commentary Analyzes Situation After Nkomati Pact
(Paulo Barbosa; O DIA, 7 Apr 84)..cccesecceccccsccecscceees

Mozambique Official Views South Africa Pact
(ANSA, 16 May 84)... .ccccececececececececececnceceverevenee

SENEGAL

LD-MPT Organ Calls for Perfecting Party Organization
(Editorial; FAGARU, Apr 84)..

Messages of Parties, Organizations to LD-MPT Congress
CFAGARU, Apr 84)........46

Repressive Action Against Students Being Prepared
(FAGARU, Apr 84)........ sees

PDS Leader's Maneuverings Criticised
(Bara Diouf Editorial; LE SOLEIL, 21-23 Apr 84)............

-~b-

26

27

29

31

32

34

35

36

38

42

43

45

49

51



MOZAMBIQUE

MOZAMBIQUE OFFICIAL VIEWS SOUTH AFRICA PACT
AU160932 Rome ANSA in English 0830 GMT 16 May 84

[Excerpt] (ANSA) Milan, 16 May--Mozambique would like to see political backing
from the Western industrial nations in exchange for the new state of -internal
security and political stability ensured by the southern African nation's
agreement signed with Pretoria at Nkomati, in March, according to Mozambique
Information Minister Jose Luis Cabaco.

Cabaco, secretary of the Frelimo Party's Central Student [as received] and a
former sociology student at Trento University in northeastern Italy, said that
the Nkomati agreement has meant a reduction in the activity of the anti-
government rebels acting against the government in Maputo.

Addressing a press conference here yesterday, he said the "problem of peace is
a fundamental point for the country's development. Now, we can start a process
of detente with new prospects for development."

He also disclosed that Mozambique plans to publish a code for foreign invest-
ments, to open up contacts with international banks, and renegotiate its
foreign debt.

"Our policy allows for'a big relaunching of agriculture," Cabaco said. "This
was also [to] consist of a myriad of, small projects, of. initiatives managed
directly by the community, but now it is extremely important there should not
be a minimal easing of Western pressure against apartheid."

Meanwhile, the Italian telecommunications consortium, Italcom, announced here
it will be supplying Mozambique with a new telecommunications network worth
$50 million and covering an area as large as Italy.

cso: 3400/988

42


How then will Maputo be able to counteract the threat posed by a rebel force
of 20,000 men well-equipped with Soviet weapons captured from its troops? To
cope with such a challenge, only an even greater foreign involvement would be
capable of bringing such a response, though provisional solution.

In the aftermath of the Nkomati accord, an intervention of Cuban forces or
others foreign to the region seems improbable at this time. There is still
the possibility of a greater presence on Mozambican territory of more soldiers
from the so-called "frontline" countries which, however, have already shown
little motivation to fight for the problems which concern the Maputo govern-
ment, now accentuated by the nonaggression pact signed between the FRELIM

and Pretoria. -

Finally, one could pose a possibility, though quite remote, of a prompt South
African intervention at the side of Maputo's troops, mainly to insure the
future protection of the roads connecting with South Africa, or even the
Cabora-Bassa power lines.

Such a thing, however, would seem extremely ironic, considering the
"militancy" heretofore expressed by the Mozambican authorities. Nevertheless,
it is not known how far FRELIMO could go, pushed by the desperation bred of

a war that has been waged against it for 7 years and which it does not see
any possibility of counteracting.

Though RENAMO presents a strong position in the military aspect, contrasting
itself with the image of a hemmed in and fleeing FRELIMO, politically the
offensive belongs to Maputo. The latest reactions that the current accord
may be causing among the politicians that are members of the party are not
exactly known, but within the FPLM (the armed forces of the regime) the
unhappiness and an accentuated feeling of defeat is quite apparent.

For its part, the Resistance until now has not yet appeared as a real political
force. There has not been any presentation or dissemination by the press

of any future program. With the exception of the president and secretary
general, the profiles of other members of the movement are practically
unknown. However, RENAMO's military strength is unquestionable.

Decisive Months

RENAMO cadres assert that the Nkomati accord does not have any practical
implication for the movement's struggle. Commander Setas Mbira, one of the
high-ranking members of the Resistance general staff was asked about that
question.

"The statement that South Africa has abandoned the RNM is completely ridicu-
lous since we were never supported or dependent on the Republic of South
Africa, whether militarily, politically or materially. We are only dependent
on the will, desires and aspirations of the Mozambican people and the duty
we have toward them to restore freedom to the whole country.

40


ANGOLA

ADVANTAGES FOR UNITA SEEN IN LUSAKA ACCORD
Lisbon TEMPO in Portuguese 3 May 84 p 28

[Article by Costa Carneiro and Ricardo de Melo: "Lusaka Accord Benefits
Savimbi"]

[Text] Like those in Maputo, the authorities in Luanda seem heavily com-
mitted to a policy which can bring to an end the war which has been in pro-
gress since independence was won in 1975, By sitting down at the negotiating
table with the government leaders in Pretoria, the MPLA-PT [Labor .Party]
sought to limit the activities of the UNITA [National Union for the Total
Independence of Angola], which is allegedly receiving material support from
South Africa.

However, the recent attack in Huambo (following that in Sumbe, 300 kilometers
from the capital), in which Soviet and Cuban cooperative workers lost their
lives, serves to demonstrate that the facts are not so easily analyzed. It
is rather instead that the UNITA appears to be autonomous and uncontrollable
by any. clause in the Lusaka Accords.

As a corollary to the situation, we will again see an MPLA in which sensitiv-
ity is turned again toward the summit, which may throw the existing correla-
tion out of balance.

In bringing the guerrilla war to the cities, or perpetrating attacks such as
that in Huambo, the UNITA has just introduced an element in Angola which will
affect the already perilous situation existing in that country and in south-
ern Africa itself. Simultaneously, it forces the top level of the MPLA-PT to
redefine its strategy in the field, as well as to clarify the positions on
the level of its Central Committee.

"Hard Line" Loses Ground

In fact, while on the level of the Front Line countries and the Portuguese-
speaking African nations Luanda has won support for the agreements signed
with South Africa, domestically this task is not so easy, because the "hard-
liners" saw the attacks in Sumbe (formerly Novo Redondo) and Huambo as justi-
fication for opposing any agreement with the South Africans.

This may in fact be limited to the action by Lucio Lara, who violently
attacked South Africa, in the city of Huambo and immediately after the
attack, accusing it of hypocrisy and failure to adhere to the Lusaka Accords.

10



facilities at Cape Skirring, the development of the Anambe Basin, the
Emile Badiane Bridge, the Ziguinchor electric power plant, the many
drilling operations and the kilometers of paved roads, for a decade have
borne witness to the colossal effort made by the central government to
bring Casamance out of its isolation and to promote its economic and
social development.

Will the head of the PDS claim that these accomplishments do not exist,
that the important foreign dignitaries’ who, yesterday, at the side of
Abdou Diouf, attended inauguration projects, in the building of which
their governments have broadly participated, were mere figments of

the imagination? Will he state that their lives were constantly in
danger, since the whole region, in a state of armed revolt, was awaiting
its peace plan in order to recover its calm and serenity?

Let us be serious and let us dare confront the real problems, which more-
over are those of the lot of all our countries in the sub region. No
one can deny that Senegal, without natural resources, and a victim of
single crop agriculture, that of the peanut, and of implacable drought
is badly off compared to other African countries which are better endowed
by nature?

It is precisely this clear awareness of these handicaps which justifies
the moving appeals of President Abdou Diouf when he asks us to go beyond
our minor differences and unite on the essential problems, work, effort,
the imaginative spirit, concord and peace without which we will not be
able to take up the serious challenges of our time. Curses, hatred,
insults and invective will not be miracle cures for our problems.

There are indeed, no where in Senegal citizens who have not been hurt
by the incidents of the years 1982 and 1983. But the nation, as its
elected president has affirmed, is not being governed by a weak hand.

It is based on principles and laws, the chief of which is the obligation
to maintain order and security throughout the country and to protect
the integrity of its leagl boundaries.

The PDS has no monopoly on generosity and "grandeur of soul," just as
it has no monopoly on the intelligence required to find, alone, the
solution, required by our patriotic conscience, to the incidents of
Diabir. Let them be persuaded that they will be dealt with, justly and
fairly, without cruelty or reprehensible weakness. Most likely, this
terrain seems favorable to the recruiting agents of a party surviving
last year's defeat with difficulty. But to subscribe to this postulate
would mean ignoring the lucidity and the patriotism of the peoples

of Lower Casamance, who know full well that there can be no salvation
for them, or for any other Senegalese ethnic group, outside of our
national community, which is so strong and so ancient.

Worse than demogogy is the disdain for others which such a step implies.
Must we believe that such appeals merely reflect, in the end, the
fantasies and delirium of a man who is definitely out of control.

We can only hope so.

52

8956
CsO: 3419/640


ZIMBABWE

HERALD SAYS GOVERNMENT OUT OF PATIENCE WITH ZAPU
MB211029 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0933 GMT 21 May 84

[Text] Harare, 21 May, SAPA--The Zimbabwe Government had run out of patience
with ZAPU and its continuing support for dissidents, THE HERALD said in a leader
in Harare today.

"Time and again the party has been told to stop its meddling but has chosen to
ignore the alarm signals. It cannot claim it has not been given fair warning,"
the newspaper said.

The prime minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, had made it plain the government had dis-
carded tough words for touch action. In his "enough is enough" speech at the
funeral of murdered Msengezi ZANU-PF official Mr Peter Simunyu, he had declared
an all-out "fight to the finish" on dissidents and their ZAPU supporters.

They would be hunted down in houses, bushes, anthills and trees. "It is no
better than they deserve," said THE HERALD.

"In extending their campaign of terror beyond Matabeleland, the dissidents
seek to give a false impression of strength, but the truth is that the security
force operations mounted against them in their traditional stamping ground have
them on the run."

The army and police would.continue the offensive, but those under attack must
be prepared to defend themselves as well, THE HERALD said.

"The prime minister made this plain when he urged people to train as militiamen
and cited the example of Gokwe where dissident activity has come to a full stop
since a strong, determined, and disciplined militia was set up in the area.

[No closing quotation marks ‘as received]

Militia arms should not get into the wrong hands, and only "firm supporters"
of the government and ruling party, the main targets, should be entrusted with
weapons.

“There must be no risk of weapons getting into the hands of imposters labouring
under the misguided belief that Nkomo is due for a second coming," said THE
HERALD.

cso: 3400/988 - END -

58


The president of the Gulf Oil Company, which is exploiting the oil in Cabinda
and providing Luanda with 80 percent of its foreign exchange, has now come
out in favor of such a solution, according to an interview given to the NEW
YORK TIMES.

The White House has assigned special importance to Angola in the last 6
months. Within this context, various leaders involved in Angolan policy,
including Holden Roberto, Hendrik Vaal Neto, Daniel Chipenda and Jeremias
Chitunda have visited Washington since November 1983, and an important figure
in American politics, Alexander Haig, went to Africa to meet with Savimbi,
the president of the UNITA. The Angolan ambassador to the United Nations,
Elisio de Figueiredo, also traveled to the American capital several times’
during this period.

According to well-placed sources, the American authorities have decided to
establish a "file" on Angola in order to correct "errors" committed by the
White House in the past.

With these factors, it is now possible to see a change, if only tenuous, in
the Angolan situation which may lead to peace. However the question which
arises is what kind of peace, since structures are nonexistent, the cadres
have left the country, and destruction is spreading now to the cities.

The UNITA Position

However, everything suggests that the main beneficiary of the agreement
signed by South Africa and Angola is Jonas Savimbi. Well-placed observers
are of the opinion that his status was substantially enhanced, as the lengthy
and more intensive movements of his forces to the zones previously held by
the South African troops demonstrate.

For his part, President Kaunda of neighboring Zambia sees what is happening
in Angola as the reason for concern. It was in his capital, Lusaka, that the
agreement with a view to South African "separation" was signed a few months
ago, and the purpose of this, in turn, was to hasten Namibian independence by
reducing tensions in the region.

However, Angola could not see the eclipse as a result of looking at the sun.
And thus the agreement contains no clause concerning the future of the UNITA,
which is dependent on South Africa in the realm of supplies with which suc-
cessfully to pursue the civil war against the government in Luanda, which has
the support of Fidel Castro's troops.

During the talks, observers of the African scene believe, the fiction that
the some 30,000 Cuban soldiers stationed in Angola were there to restrain the
South African invaders was maintained, while everyone knew quite well that
their main mission is to help to check the UNITA "puppets." And thus the
tables were turned.

12



JPRS-SSA~-8 4-066

8 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

ANGOLA
: Vehicle Production by COMETA Enterprise Described
(Eugenio Diogo; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 26 Apr 84).. 1
Panga~Panga Lumber Producing Plant Faces Problems
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 27 Apr 84)........ tee eeeceees oe eens 4
Cacuso Municipality Agricultural Enterprises’ Production Figures
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 1 May 84)....cccceeeeceecceeeces 6
Fourth Military Region Council Situation Discussed
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 3 May 84). see eneeee 8
| Advantages for UNITA Seen in Lusaka Accord
(Costa Carneiro, Ricardo de Melo; TEMPO, 3 May 84)... 10
Overview of Namibe Province Development Problems
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 4 May 84).....cccceeeeveee 15
Bank of Portugal Opens New Credit Line
(EXPRESSO, 5 May 84).. eee 18
Briefs
Medicine Donation 19
BOTSWANA
Masire Outlines Foreign Policy on Swedish Trip
(BOTSWANA DAILY NEWS, 8 May 84)....cceeceeccscsececscerece 20
CAPE VERDE
Presidential Visit Lends Recognition to Santo Antao Island
(VOZ DI POVO, 28 Apr 84)... cece ceee cece ccc ceeeeecetesenenes 22
-a- (III - NE & A - 120]



[Question] How many cantons does the Department of Noya have?

[Answer] The Department of Noya has two cantons with a population of 26,095
inhabitants. These cantons are headed by family or clan leaders.

[Question] Since your arrival here, have you visited the entire department?

[Answer] As I told you at the beginning of our meeting, I tour my department
every two weeks. As soon as I took office, I made my first visit, during
which I introduced myself to the people.

In a few days, I shall travel the length of the main highway for a wide-
ranging campaign against unhealthy conditions in the villages.

In May, I shall begin the survey of the population and collect the local road
tax for the 1984 fiscal year.

[Question] What are the problems of the Department of Noya in general and
the city of Cocobeach in particular?

[Answer] Like all the other departments, Noya has its problems, We had one
acute problem, water and electricity.

For the past month, everything has been fixed because SEEG [Gabon Power and
Water Company] has just opened an office in Cocobeach. We want to open a
bank branch also. This would avoid frequent trips to Libreville by officials.

There is also the irregularity of nonexistence of air transportation for the
mail. With the proposal to build a suitable airfield, we think the problem
will be resolved. In addition, the lack of housing causes some officials
to give up their posts or refuse to serve here.

Finally, we hope to see a new telephone central in Cocobeach because the
current facilities are no longer operational.

We are on the border and the need for telephone service is obvious.
[Question] We have come to the end of our interview, Mr Prefect.

[Answer] I hail the move by the newspaper L'UNION and the RTG [Gabonese
Radio and Television], which remembered us and sent us newsmen. The road is

now passable in all seasons and I believe that you will regularly receive
news from our department.

11,464
CSO: 3419/643

33



He observed that if the South African authorities were to indicate their readi-
ness to enter into talks with the leaders of the resistance movements, Africa
would, as the Lusaka manifesto states "urge the resort of peaceful methods of
change even at the cost of some compromise on the timing of change."

The president referred to the political vocabulary that has been used by
successive South African governments as they assumed political postures which
were indicative of their desire to achieve peace. He recalled South African
terminologies like "dialogue," "constellation of states," "constitutional dis-
pensation," and the latest. one, "non-aggression accords."

He said the mistake that the South African authorities commit was that their
peace initiatives were addressed to the wrong people--they were either addressed
to foreigners or to internal minority population groups defined by their race.

"South Africa would do well to involve its majority--black population--in that
peace initiative, if a measure of peace and stability was to be achieved in
that country," he said.

He also reviewed Botswana's policy towards political refugees, explaining that
as a country of meagre resources and vulnerability arising from its proximity

of South Africa, Botswana could not serve as both a country of first asylum

and a country of settlement for the majority of refugees. President Masire

said his government had sought support to allow refugees to move to other coun-
tries for permanent residence and those who were unable to move on are expected
to be good residents and obey the laws of Botswana, and not engage in any hostile
activities against their countries of origin.

Turning to Botswana's relations with South Africa, President Masire explained
that they were based "strictly on economic considerations." He told the par-
ticipants in the seminar that his government had to face the stark reality

that South Africa's economic power and importance to Botswana as a good source
of manufactured goods, transport services, and as an export market were of vital
importance to the people of Botswana if they are to make any progress at all in
their quest for socio-economic development. :

President Masire said Botswana's relations with South Africa on economic
matters, control of disease, transportation and the like, have been based on the
fact that Botswana can have business--like transactions’ without entering into
any form of political relationships with South Africa. "We shall continue to
work on that basis, separating political matters from those which involve the
market-place," he said.

Discussing foreign economic relations, he outlined the friendly relations that
had been cultivated with friendly countries like Sweden, and said "today we
have active bilateral assistance programmes with virtually every major donor
country spanning the international political spectrum from the United States
to China."

"Botswana Government must believes, aid must be based on shared goals of economic
development. It must be cooperation for our mutual benefit," he said. [Para-
graph as published]

CSO: 3400/988
21



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SENEGAL

MESSAGES OF PARTIES, ORGANIZATIONS TO LD-MPT. CONGRESS
Dakar FAGARU in French Apr 84 p 2

["Resolutions, Statements and Messages” of the first LD-MPT ordinary party
congress]

{Text] Simeon Kuissi, assistant secretary general of the Union of Cameroonian
Peoples (UPC): ...The recent historical evolution in Senegal and Cameroon
provides similarities that are worth noting:

This similarity in political evolution in our countries shows that the tactics
applied both here and there were developed by the same imperialist
headquarters. (...)

And (that) we all denounce!

Are the African activists going to continue struggling each in his own corner,
ignoring the others or, worse yet, opposing them? This at a time when we have
a single enemy ‘and our tyrants are cooperating and acting like one man? (...)

The UPC fully shares the concern of the Democratic League-Movement for the
Labor Party (LD-MPT) in regard to unity of communists. This unity is
essential to the progress of the revolution in Senegal. Also, the unity of
revolutionary activists in éach country is essential not only to the
liberation of each country, but also to liberation and unification of Africa.

The sad spectacle of compartmentalization of revolutionary struggles has
lasted long enough. So has the spectacle of neocolonial domination of Africa!

(2.6)

Movement for Justice in Africa, Gambia: (...) Our movement will never forget
the noble position of principle'that our organization took by condemning the
invasion and occupation of Gambia by the neocolonial Diouf regime at Fraiice's
instigation. To us, this is proof of the clarity of your organization's
ideological positions, the corréctness of your political line, and your
respect for the principle of the right of peoples, large or smail in number,
for self-determination.

Today, the neocolonial regimes in Gambia and Senegal aré experiencing crises
that could not be more acute. The peasant masses daily face the threat of
famine, the working people constantly face a systematic and dramatic decliné
in their standard of living, and unemployment continues to spread among

45



ETHIOPIA

IDRC WORKSHOP EVALUATES PROJECTS
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 24 Apr 84 p 3

[Text]. A four-day workshop on the technical, administrative and financial
evaluation of Ethiopian projects funded by the International Development
Research Centre of Canada opened at the NRDC-CPSC here yesterday.

The workshop, jointly organised by the Ethiopian Science and Technology Com-
mission and the International Development Research Centre of Canada, was
opened by Comrade Haile Leul Tebicke, Commissioner of Science and Technology.

Taking part in the symposium along with participants from Ethiopia and
Canada are representatives of research institutions in Kenya, Malawi and
Uganda.

Apart from discussing reports submitted to it concerning research activities
undertaken. by the National Productivity Centre, the workshop will assess the
support given by the IDRC to Ethiopian researchers who accomplished 22 projects
during the past 11 years and the result so far achieved.

Opening the parley, Comrade Haile Leul said that the scientific and technologi-
cal capability of a nation plays a key role in today's world for survival and
development, poverty or prosperity, self-reliance or dependence. One of the
elements comprising national scientific and technological capacity is research
capability which is the ability to conduct research and experimental develop-
ment competently and economically in any area important to that nation's
interest, Comrade Haile Leul noted.

The Commissioner added that although it is held that research and development
comprise not more than ten percent of all the scientific and technological
activities in a nation, research is crucial component of science and tech-
nology activities in a nation.

Comrade Haile Leul further noted that the IDRC has during the past 12 years
financed an increasing number of research endeavours conducted in national
institutions such as the Addis Ababa University, the Institute of Agricul-
tural Research, the Water Works' Construction Authority, the Ethiopian
Nutrition Institute, the Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission, the
Geology Institute and others. The total of direct IDRC grants to the 22°
Ethiopian research projects is in excess of over 7,000,000 birr, it was noted.

29



MOZAMBIQUE

PORTUGUESE COMMENTARY ANALYZES SITUATION AFTER NKOMATI PACT
Lisbon O DIA in Portuguese 7 Apr 84 p 6
[Report from Pretoria by Paulo Barbosa]

[Text] Two weeks have already passed since the famous Nkomati accord was
signed by the highest leaders of Mozambique and South Africa at the border
between the two countries.

The question is asked frequently: What are its repercussions in the develop-
ment of the serious situation that prevails today in Mozambique? What is
the future and strategy of the RENAMO [Mozambique National Resistance} guer-
rillas in view of the new context that emerged on 16 March?

The contacts and accord between South Africa and Mozambique emphasize mainly
four points: the Cabora-Bassa hydroelectric project, tourism, economy , and
above all, the important aspect of "security".

It is worth analyzing each of the areas, and principally in the area of
security, the degree to which the present accord is going to change the
current situation. Regardless of the point from which we begin to approach
the problem, we are inevitably led to taking into account the condition of
civil war that today encompasses almost all of the Mozambican territory and
to solve the question of how, or if, the aforementioned accord can put an
end to the country's internal difficulties.

Maputo frequently accused the South Africans of being behind the formation

(in 1976 in what was Rhodesia) and maintenance of the rebel movement. Succes-—
sive attempts by Maputo's army to eliminate that threat to the regime of
President Machel proved their ineffectiveness on several occasions with RENAMO
ending up by always surviving the government assaults and launching ever
bolder attacks.

Recovery

Two agents of FRELIMO (Boaventura Bomba and Adriano Bomba, who appeared in
South Africa as a "deserter" at the controls of a Mig 17 from Maputo) then
succeeded in infiltrating RENAMO in 1982, achieving high positions within the
organization. While in transit through Pretoria--where his wife lived--‘
Orlando Cristina, secretary general of the Resistance, was assassinated

38



Beyond that and as an exemplary action, PAPASA is implementing a social
security system for the fishermen through a collective insurance. If the
fisherman dies or is incapacitated, this insurance guarantees the family 100 ,000
escudos. This action is being developed in collaboration with the Social
Security and Welfare Institute. Finally, the object of the project is to
market the fish, especially in the interior of the island itself, which will
contribute significantly to improving the diet of the people farthest away

from the coast.

The project, subsidized by Dutch cooperation, is part of the government's
fisheries policy and is currently under the Secretary of State for Fisheries.

In Santo Antao, there are about 100 boats in the whole island for some 400
fishermen. Thus far, PAPASA has equipped 62 of those boats with motors; it
was ascertained that it is necessary to motorize 12 more boats.

Fresh Bait

The type of fishing done by the fisherman of Santo Antao is by line which makes
it necessary to use bait, generally mackerel,- Thus the project is going to
equip Ponta do Sol, Tarrafal, Porto Novo and possibly Janela with boats and
seine nets to catch bait, serving the fishermen of those areas as well as the
nearest ones. Those boats will be administered by PAPASA itself although the
possibility of their being entrusted to fishermen's cooperatives if they should
exist is not excluded. The project does not propose to form cooperatives

but will give all support to those that exist or those that may be formed in
the future.

The main fishing centers on the island are Tarrafal, Ponta do Sol and Sinagoga.
The fishermen of Sinagoga are great sailors, still using sail when they go to
Raso Islet (between Santa Luzia and Sao Nicolau). With two larger sail boats,
the fishermen of Sinagoga go to the islet where they remain for a week during
which they fish and dry the fish and catch "cagarros," which they also prepare
and dry. To facilitate the task of them, PAPASA is going to build a shelter

on Raso Islet where the fishermen can take shelter, keep their fishing materials
and cook. When the project has its transportation vessel which will render
various services to the fishermen and to the community itself, PAPASA will
support the fishermen of Sinagoga in their longer fishing voyages. This sup-
port vessel will have only a crew of four men and will gather the fish surpluses

for marketing.

Cold Circuit

"With regard to marketing the fish," the director of PAPASA pointed out to us,
“our program envisages purchasing the fish from the fishermen so that after
being treated it may be distributed in cold chests through the interior of
the island, starting mainly from Ponta do Sol and Porto Novo.

To implement this objective, PAPASA has a small trawler, an ice-making
machine and cold storage chambers to store fish and ice in the entrepots it
already has in Ponto Novo and the one it is building in Ponta do Sol. These
entrepots have terraces where the drying of fish will be carried out in

24



ANGOLA

FOURTH MILITARY REGION COUNCIL SITUATION DISCUSSED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 3 May 84 pp 1, 12

[Text] "In view of the situation created by the enemy in our military
region, and in compliance with the directives of the party and the government,
our troops are prepared to strike harder at the UNITA bands." These words
were spoken by the president of the Military Council of Region 4, Lieutenant-
Colonel Joao Ernesto dos Santos "Liberdade," during an interview granted to
local and foreign journalists in the city of Huambo,

Joao Ernesto dos Santos "Liberdade," who is also a member of the MPLA-Labor
Party's Central Committee and coordinator of the party's Provincial Committee
in Huambo, said in response to a question on the current political and
military situation in region 4 that military and paramilitary units had been
on combat missions throughout the region (which covers the provinces of
Huambo and Bie), thus fulfilling their duty to defend the people, the nation
and the revolution. "In the past few days," he said, "we have conducted
important operations in the northern part of the region, specifically in

the area of Calussinga and Munhango, inflicting heavy losses on UNITA
fighters. He added that these victories could be attributed in part to
political and moral support from the Party and the government and to the
unbreakable bonds between FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation
of Angola] and the people.

Referring to the negative impact of the puppet bands on economic and

social development in the region, the Party leader said that they had
sabotaged the railroad, destroyed bridges, mined roads, attacked civilian
vehicles, and massacred peaceful civilians, among other things. "All these
activities on the part of the bandits," he said,"are guided by the racist
regime of South Africa in an attempt to upset our revolutionary process.

But we have made great efforts to return the economic and social situation
to normal, and the people are beginning to better understand that war must be
waged to put an end to war and restore peace."

This goal, he indicated, is in line with the guidelines of the First Extra-
ordinary Congress of the MPLA-Labor Party, and also complies with the
directives given this year by President Jose Eduardo dos Santos to "organize
the economy to support the war and to wage war to defend the economy"....



broader and broader sectors of the population. As each day passes, the masses
are beginning to see the necessity for a revolutionary alternative.

However, the task of presenting this alternative in a concrete and convincing
way cannot be carried out without a devoted and united group of party members,
organized in a single vanguard party of working and peasant masses. (...)

Union for a People's Democracy (UDP): (...) Despite everything, the
government is zealously trying, with the benediction of the IMF and the World
Bank, to make the people's masses bear the entire burden of the crisis.

In face of this situation, the political and social forces must work for the
broadest unity possible in order to counter and frustrate the regime's plans.

Aware that the government bears sole responsibility for the crisis, our UDP
party is committed to waging, shoulder to shoulder with the other opposition
organizations that are genuinely concerned about liberation of: our people, an
uncompromising struggle against the neocolonial regime, which is our common
and present enemy. (...) : :

Workers Socialist Organization (OST): (...) Today, the government is
attacking the working people on all levels. We must together conduct the
struggle against the high cost of living, unemployment, and for responsible
participation. In the factories, districts, villages, schools, the
university, everywhere, let us create the people's unity structures for
mobilization to promote a vast unified movement to force retreat by Abdou
Diouf and his government, as occurred in Tunisia and Morocco (...)

We are ready to meet with your leadership to discuss concrete steps for our
unity to struggle against the austerity (...)

Oumar Wone, secretary general of the Senegalese People's Party (PPS): (...)
The PPS makes the following proposals:

1. Establishment of a patriotic front, federating all the Senegalese parties
that are in agreement to work for the liquidation of neocolonialism. This
concrete objective, understood by all, is obviously a better mobilizer than
dissertation on theoretical considerations unrelated to the national context.

President Mamadou Dia's appeal could be the point of departure for this
unitary collaboration.

2. Concentration of our activities to achieve a total break from what exists
now. (...)

. ‘
Babacar Cisse, African Independence Party (PAI): (...) It is obvious that
everything in our country's current situation dictates that our two
organizations should strengthen their relations: the more and more harmful
effects of the crisis on the working masses and the strengthening of
totalitarianism in the camp of neocolonialism, the ever-increasing threats to
the democratic liberties and social gains of our people, and the disunity
that, despite some steps forward, continues to prevail in the camp of

46



Madior Diouf, National Democratic Rally (RND): (...) Our party is following
with great interest the first congress of the LD-PMT: it was in faithfulness
to our party's embrace of all elements of the Senegalese opposition that we
responded to your cordial invitation to this first congress. We in the RND
pay close attention to the activities of the parties and we are very
interested in anything to improve the effectiveness of action of the
Senegalese national opposition. God has helped us to make analysis and
reflection something that is not difficult for Senegalese. For this we can be
thankful. The basic problem of the opposition today is certainly the forms
and moral means of action. For these reasons, Mr First Secretary, we ae very
attentively following the proceedings of the first LD-PMT congress (...

Amadou Deme, Senegalese Democratic Party (PDS): (...) There is no need to
refer to the ties of friendship and solidarity that join our two parties and
that mean that in the fire of combat we have all struggled against a common
enemy and that we continue to struggle against this enemy to liberate our
people. I will recall here the permanent appeal by the PDS secretary general
to all the opposition parties to unite in a common combat front, each
preserving its character and individuality, to wage a struggle against a
common enemy, the Socialist Party and its government (...)

Bassirou Paye, Senegalese Republican Movement (MRS): (...) The MRS was
pleasantly surprised by the invitation from the LD-PMT. The LD~PMT is a
revolutionary party, a communist party, whose action is known to all. When
such a party addresses an invitation to a so-called conservative party, the
MRS, this is a surprise and a source of joy for us (...) We have the same
concerns: to liberate the farmer, the fisherman, to enable the worker to feed
his family with the product of his work (...)

Abdoulaye Dieng (PLP) [People's Liberation Party]: (...) We assure you of
our desire to work with you in unity in the struggle, in the action of all the
forces of change, so that the current determination for change that inspires
all segments of the population will be transformed into powerful and vigorous
mass actions for change, for national prosperity, for the progress of all our
working people, for advancement of democracy and for progress of our country.

9920
CSO: 3419/626

48



This position of his, which was immediately picked up by the Soviet news
agency TASS, suddenly became a personal and isolated attitude, because the
government in Luanda set itself apart from it, announcing the official posi-
tion 48 hours later, with no comment having been made in Pretoria.

Last weekend, it was Lara's turn to become still more isolated, when the
Front Line and the African nations in which Portuguese is the official lan-
guage decided to support the "peace efforts" of Luanda. The "hard-liners,"
headed by Lara, thus seemed to have lost yet another round and to be headed
for political decline.

On this point, moreover, the last word will fall to the military who, tired
of the lengthy war, seem inclined to take certain risks.

The Military and Peace _
This seems to be evidenced on the southern frontier of Angola, where there is
good cooperation between the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation
of Angola] (the military forces of the regime) and the South African. contin-
gent, which supervise the maintenance of a demilitarized zone within the
framework of the Lusaka Accords. The military factions in the FAPLA are
beginning to‘realize that peace with South Africa is possible, and that the
state of war existing on the southern frontier is due to the Cuban presence.

On that basis, it becomes easy to see what the attitude of the military
toward the continuation of the Cuban presence, which has _cost. the People's
Republic of Angola some considerable millions of dollars per year, might be.

An interesting phenomenon which is becoming visible within the FAPLA is anti-
communism, not on ideological issues as such, but because of the disastrous
activities the Cubans and Soviets have been pursuing in their territory.

The Finger of Washington

Even the authorities in Washington seem to have perceived this. After
several years of a rather unclear policy concerning Angola, they appear
determined to play an effective role in that African country. These indi-
cations can be seen in the zeal manifested by the United States, in the
person of Mr Crocker, at the time of the signing of the Lusaka Accords and
the preliminary meetings with South Africa, which took place on Sal Island in
Cape Verde.

The Reagan administration has in fact emerged as the moderator of the South
African thrust where its armed incursions into Angolan territory are con-
cerned, with its urgings that dialogue is the better method. Recognition

of the People's Republic of Angola by Washington depends on the continuation
of this dialogue and observance of the agreement signed.

Chester Crocker, who pursued the rapprochement on the American side, even
seems enthusiastic about a withdrawal of the Cuban contingent from Angola
shortly and the establishment of diplomatic relations between Luanda and
Washington.

11