126041

JPRS-SSA-87-023

16 MARCH 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980611 156

FBIS FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE

SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

pBPTiÖSXJTKM STATEMENT%"'

Approved for publle fQlmmi

Disteftrouoa ünJinäteÖ

DMC QUALITY INSPECTED 9

-1&

P4>1
NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign

newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency

transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language

sources are translated; those from English-language sources

are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and

other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets

[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]

or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the

last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was

processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the information was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are

enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a question mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the

original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.

Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an

item originate with the source. Times within items are as

given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the policies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical

Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In ordering, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and

author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports

Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical

Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of

U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.

20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement

may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,

1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
JPRS-SSA-87-023

16 MARCH 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Oil Drilling Capacity To Expand, Output To Rise in 1987

(FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT,

17 Dec 86) 1

LIBERIA

Japanese Grant Earmarked for Agricultural Sector

(Gabriel Williams; DAILY OBSERVER, 30 Jan 87) 3

Finance Minister Tubman on New Tax Scheme

(DAILY STAR, 16 Jan 87) 4

Culture, Tourism Director Kamara Suspended, Probe Underway

(DAILY OBSERVER, 16 Jan 87) 5

Gabriel Doe Accused of Piracy, Johnson-Sirleaf Escape

(DAILY OBSERVER, 27 Jan 87) 6

UP Vice Presidential Candidate Released From Custody

(DAILY OBSERVER, 14 Jan 87) 8

Court Hears Suit To Overturn LPRC Privatization Pact

(DAILY STAR, 14 Jan 87) 9

Commodity Sales Banned on Sunday

(DAILY OBSERVER, 12, 19 Jan 87) 10

President Doe Issues Order Banning Sales 10

Muslims Cite Constitutional Provisions 11

- a
Reactions to Increased Public School Tuition

(DAILY STAR, 21 Jan 87; DAILY OBSERVER, 6 Feb 87) 12

Public School Students Protest Increases, by

Ephrain S. Johns 12

Teachers Support Hike as Necessary, by

Philip N. Wesseh 13

Briefs

Students To Present Grievances 15

MOZAMBIQUE

Briefs

Netherlands Gives Millions in Development Aid 16

NAMIBIA

Cabinet Minister May Leave National Party When Term Ends

(Jim Freeman; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 20 Jan 87) 17

Youth Urged to 'Vehemently Reject' Conscription

(THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER, 10 Jan 87) 18

5 Children Barred From School Because of Race

(Jean Sutherland; THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 15 Jan 87)... 19

NIGERIA

Gorbachev Replies to Babangida on Soviet Positions

(SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 25 Jan 87) .. .. 20

Soviet Ambassador Praises Government on Peace Stance

(Anene Ozoagu; NEW NIGERIAN, 17 Jan 87) 21

Highlights of Speeches at Anambra Soviet Friendship Meeting

(Peter Umenze; DAILY STAR, 30 Dec 86) 22

Joint Communique Issued With Libya on Chad

(DAILY TIMES, 17 Jan 87) 23

Libya Pledges Aid to Islam in Eastern States

(Garba Shehu; THE TRIUMPH, 17 Jan 87)..... 24

Absence of Domestic Islamic Call Society Branch Regretted

(Garba Shehu; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 25 Jan 87) 25

Defense Minister Bali on RSA Bomb Threat

(Domkat Bali Interview; THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN, 25 Dec 86). 27

- b -
GDR Pledges Educational Aid in New Cultural Agreement

(DAILY TIMES, 9 Jan 87) 29

GDR Blamed for Lack of Cultural Exchange

(DAILY TIMES, 19 Jan 87) 30

Cultural Agreement Signed With Japan

(DAILY TIMES, 19 Jan 87) 31

Aikhomu Dissatisfied With Government-Media Relations

(Shehu Dauda; THE TRIUMPH, 24 Dec 86) 32

NAP Leader Braithwaite on Continued Political Activity

(Jonathan Emereole; DAILY STAR, 22 Dec 86) 33

Justice Minister on Measures To Curb Corruption

(DAILY TIMES, 16 Dec 86) 34

Labor Leader Chiroma Seeks New Government Import Posture

(DAILY TIMES, 24 Jan 87) 36

Naira Revaluation Creates New Petroleum Subsidy

(Toma Imirhe; THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN, 22 Jan 87) 37

Reorganization of Information Ministry Underway

(DAILY TIMES, 7 Jan 87) 39

Former Politician on Future Political Configuration

(DAILY TIMES, 20 Jan 87) 40

Labor Minister Asks Workers, NLC for Industrial Peace

(Suleiman Dangana; NEW NIGERIAN, 24 Jan 87) 41

Mines Minister on Ajaokuta Steel Mill Problems

(Wale Ajao; NEWSWATCH, 15 Dec 86) 42

Ririwai Mines Close, Irregularities Alleged

(Abubakar Buhari; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 25 Jan 87) 43

Plight of Workers, Ability To Make Ends Meet Discussed

(Afam Echi Friday; BUSINESS TIMES, 19 Jan 87) 44

Prices of Goods Continue To Soar in Kaduna

(Sani Babadoko; NEW NIGERIAN, 17 Jan 87) 46

Babangida Launches Construction of Kaduna-Kano Road

(Conrad Bosah; DAILY STAR, 31 Dec 86) 47

Government Restores Leave, Transport Allowances

(NEW NIGERIAN, 9 Jan 87) 48

- c -
Flights to Port Harcourt Airport Suspended

(DAILY TIMES, 30 Dec 86) 49

Airstrip for Yankari Game Reserve

(NEW NIGERIAN, 7 Jan 87) 50

Information Minister Defends Defense Budget

(DAILY TIMES, 8 Jan 87) 51

Former Air Chief on Defense Budget, Military Needs

(Emman Okon; NEW NIGERIAN, 20 Jan 87) 52

Koshoni on Rationalization of Naval Manpower Needs

(DAILY TIMES, 22 Dec 86)... 53

Commandant on Lack of Cooperation Among Security Bodies

(Augustine Madu-West; DAILY STAR, 22 Dec 86) 54

Navy To Train Weapons Personnel Locally

(Olu Adebayo; SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Dec 86) 55

Abacha Warns Media on Military, Government Treatment

(NEW NIGERIAN, 15 Jan 87) 56

Civilians Asked To Cooperate With Armed Forces

(Jonathan Emereole; DAILY STAR, 30 Dec 86) 57

Physicist on Ability To Produce Sophisticated Weapons

(Benjamin Chukwuka Nwosu Interview; THE AFRICAN

GUARDIAN, 22 Jan 87) .,.. 58

Naval Offices Receive Exemplary Conduct Awards

(THE TRIUMPH, 9 Jan 87) 60

Space Research Center Commissioned at University

(SUNDAY TIMES, 28 Dec 86) 61

Concern Expressed Over Expatriates Leaving Universities

(Yusuf Ozi Usman; NEW NIGERIAN, 20 Jan 87) 62

NUJ Asks Security To Stop Impersonating Journalists

(THE TRIUMPH, 12 Jan 87) 63

Catholic Council Issues Communique on Sharia Court Question

(DAILY STAR, 20 Dec 86) 64

Banks Directed To Target Manufacturing in Making Loans

(DAILY TIMES, 6 Jan 87) 65

Farmers Unhappy With Low Producer Prices

(Aliyu Modibbo; NEW NIGERIAN, 8 Jan 87) 66

d -
Deaths Feared in Riverine Community Clash

(Rex Okechukwu; WEEKLY STAR, 18 Jan 87) 67

Briefs

Illegal Mining in Plateau 68

Highway Tolls Instituted 68

Editor Attends Moscow Course 68

Assistance to Burkina 68

ZIMBABWE

Newly Formed Employment Body Expects To Help Millions

(David Masunda; THE HERALD, 5 Feb 87) 70

Nation Leads in Fuel From Sugar Production

(THE HERALD, 4 Feb 87) 72

Briefs

RSA Military Reportedly Violating Territory 73

Air Force Dead Buried With Full Honors 73

Reduced Military Aid to Mozambique 73

Joint Drive To Boost Textile Exports 74

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Military Cooperation With Chile Noted

(NOTICIAS, 29 Jan 87) 75

Creation of New Government Posts Creates Controversy

(David Braun; THE STAR, 4 Feb 87) 76

'Kitskonstabels' Applauded for Anticrime Role

(BUSINESS DAY, 6 Feb 87) 78

Briefs

Wider Police Powers Questioned 79

Cost of Homelands 79

BLACKS

Blacks Technical Training Gets Approval

(Mike Mabusela; WEEKEND POST, 24 Jan 87) 80

Ciskei Deports Transkeians, Reshuffles Cabinet

(Various sources, various dates) 82

, Deportations To Continue 82

Transkei-Ciskei Amalgamation Predicted 82

Government Refuses To Aid Refugees 83

Police Mounting Late-Night Raids 83

- e -
Soweto Teachers Struggle To Find Jobs

(THE STAR, 26 Jan 87) 85

DET Offers Primary School Openings, by Sol Makgabutlane 85

Misplaced Teacher Angry, Frustrated 86

'A-Team' Vigilantes Terrorizing Chesterville Township

(Sb'u Mngadi; CITY PRESS, 18 Jan 87) 87

Blacks Buy Homes in White Area

(Theo Rawana; BUSINESS DAY, 23 Jan 87) 88

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Commentary Hails Malawi Lack of 'Hypocrisy'

(Johannesburg International Service, 3 Feb 87) 89

Retiring PFP MP Describes Upcoming Election as 'Farce'

(Reuben Sive; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Feb 87) 90

Commentary Emphasizes Decisiveness of Elections

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 26 Jan 87) 93

PFP's Schwarz Criticizes NPfe Economic Record

(SAPA, 3 Feb 87) 95

Schwarz Accuses NP of 'Racist' Campaign

(SAPA, 3 Feb 87) 97

CCAWUSA Claims SADF 'Intimidation* of Striking Workers

(SAPA, 4 Feb 87) 99

Academics Comment on Ways To Circumvent Microfilm Ban

(Sol Makgabutlane; THE STAR, 4 Feb 87) 101

Antiapartheid Groups Hold Vigil for Detained Children

(SAPA, 30 Jan 87) 102

UWC Rector Discusses Ideal of People's Third World University

(Dale Lautenback; THE ARGUS, 30 Jan 87) 103

Dissidents May Start Church for Afrikaners

(THE DAILY NEWS, 2 Feb 87) 105

Briefs

TIC Criticizes Botha Speech 106

NRP Criticizes Botha Speech 106

New Police Regulations Rejected 106

Botha Attacks Criticized 107

National Party Ouster Called For 107

- f -
ECONOMIC

'Pivotal Role' of Private Sector Discussed

(Collen Ryan; THE STAR, 4 Feb 87) 108

Economists List Factors Which Will Inhibit Growth This Year

(Helena Patten; BUSINESS DAY, 6 Feb 87) 110

Briefs

RSC's Budget for First Year 111

Wheat Crop Country's Second Largest 111

Poor East Cape Wheat Harvest 112

INDUSTRIAL/S&T

Survey Conducted on Arms, Ammunition Industry

(BUSINESS DAY, 28 Jan 87) 113

Industry Expects Gun Control Laws, by Andrew Gillingham 113

Companies' Security, Weapons Policies 114

Gun Safes Recommended by Merchant 114

Training 'Essential' 115

Improved Coal-Mining Process Considered Milestone

(Peter Stacey; BUSINESS DAY, 26 Jan 87) 116

Briefs

Intermediate Carbon Charge Chrome Plant 117

Blast-Furnace Components Domestically Produced 117

Long Wear-Resistant Coating Developed 117

ARMSCOR To Promote Exports 117

/12223

- g -
ANGOLA

OIL DRILLING CAPACITY TO EXPAND, OUTPUT TO RISE IN 1987

Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ZEITUNG/BLICK DURCH DIE WIRTSCHAFT in German 17 Dec

86 p 2

[Article by W.An.: "Angola Increases Oil Production: No New Credits from

American Banks/Thirteen Offshore Concessions"]

[Text] Oil Production is the most important mainstay of the Angolan economy.

American companies still own considerable shares of this sector, even though

the American government has indicated that it wishes the companies to give up

their business dealings there. Washington supports Unita, the anticommunist

insurgent movement, while Cuban troops aid the government of Angola.

The state-run Sociedade Nacional de Cömbustiveis de Angola (Sonangol), Luanda,

recently announced that oil production in Angola is currently running to about

300,000 barrels a day (1 barrel = 159 liters), compared with an average of

about 245,000 barrels a day the previous year. The Sociedade expects

production to increase by 1990 to approximately 500,000 barrels per day. Of

the present extraction rate, the Cabinda enclave accounts for about 190,000

barrels a day; the remaining 110,000 barrels a day are produced by offshore

oil fields and by fields on the mainland. Total production for 1985 is put at

11.76 million tons, compared with 10.36 million in 1984.

The Cabinda Gulf Oil Company (Cabgoc), 49 percent of which is held by the

American Chevron Corporation and 51 percent by Sonangol, is operating in the

Cabinda enclave. Cabgoc has almost completed preparations for the

exploitation of the new field of Takula. A natural gas transport system is

also to be installed in this field between 1987-1989. The output of the

productive Takula field has already reached about 110,000 barrels per day.

The development of the Takula oil field requires considerable investment

funding, which is being financed primarily through bank credits. In the fall

of 1985, an international banking consortium headed by the Bankers Trust

Company granted Sonangol a credit of $70 million and Cabgoc another $21

million credit. The American Exim Bank had previously granted credits

amounting to $129.7 million. An additional $17.2 million in credits were

provided by commercial American banks, and French banks made $114.8 available

in credits, which were guaranteed by Coface, the export credit insurance

institute. Because of a resolution passed by the American Congress, the Exim
Bank will no longer grant credits to Angola, where Cuban troops are still

stationed. Its role will be taken over by French and British banks, in

particular.

In the Cabinda enclave, Cabgoc has discovered another field, Nurribi, which is

believed to be smaller than the neighboring field of Takula. Work is to begin

in 1987 on exploratory drilling in this area, which is considered very

promising by the Chevron Corporation. Among other activities, the

installation of a drilling platform is also planned.

Of the current output of 110,000 barrels per day in the fields outside of the

Cabinda enclave, the Palanca and Pacassa fields in Offshore Block No. 3

account for 70,000 barrels per day. The operation is run by Elf Aquitaine of

Paris, which controls 50 percent of its stock. Other partners in this

concession are the Swedish company Svenska Petroleum Exploration and the

Spanish Hispanoil, each of which holds 6.25 percent, as well as the Japanese

Mitsubishi Petroleum Development Company (MPDC) with 12.5 percent. These

three companies took over the share that had been held by Mobil Corporation, a

New York-based American company, which had withdrawn from Angola. An Italian

corporation, Agip SpA, also has a share of 15 percent.

There are 13 offshore oil concession blocks in all along Angola's coastline,

as well as the concession blocks of the Congo Basin and the Kwanza Basin on

the mainland. In the Kwanza Basin concession, Sonangol and the Fina Petroleos

de Angola (FPA), a subsidiary of the Belgian firm Petrofina S.A., Brussels,

hold an interest of 51 percent and 49 percent, respectively. Partners in the

Congo Basin concession are Sonangol with 51 percent, the FPA with 32.66

percent and the American company Texaco Incorporated with 16.33 percent.

Petrangol, which operates the only oil refinery in the country, is a joint

venture of FPA and Sonangol.

FPA controls 60 percent and Sonangol 40 percent of Petrangol. The crude oil

refinery, which had a processing capacity of 1.5 million tons annually,

processed 1.45 million tons of crude in 1985. Its output capacity was

recently expanded by 3,000 to 5,000 barrels per day in accordance with plans

drawn up by Foster Wheeler (Italiana). Sorefame, a Portuguese firm, was

awarded the construction contract. Moreover, 9 new storage tanks were put

into service in 1985, at a cost of $12.5 million. As a result, the total

storage capacity of the refinery has been increased to 280,000 cubic meters.

12792

3420/10
LIBERIA

JAPANESE GRANT EARMARKED FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 30 Jan 87 p 8

[Article by Gabriel Williams]

[Text]

Japanese Ambassador

to Liberia, Hideo

oshikawa, yesterday expressed his country's willingness to continue to

support Liberia's efforts

to attain self-sufficiency

in food production.

Ambassador

Yoshikawa was speaking

at the Foreign Ministry in

Monrovia at the signing

ceremony of the exchange

of notes under which the

Government of Japan will

extend to the Liberian

Government a grant of up

to 200 million Yen (about

$1.3 million) as a contribution to the increase

of food production in

Liberia.

The Liberian Government will use the grant to

purchase agricultural

chemicals, agricultural

machinery and vehicles.

Ambassador

Yoshikawa emphasized

the importance the

Liberian Government attaches to its Green

Revolution program, and

said Japan was willing to

support Liberia's efforts

to attain the goal of selfsufficiency in the production of its staple food.

The Japanese envoy

noted that the most important factor for solving

the shortage of food in

developing countries is the

effort made by each country for increased food

production.

Based on this, he said,

Japan has supplied

agricultural commodities

since 1977 to support such

efforts, and that Japan

has already contributed

significantly to the progress of developing countries which attach priority

to agricultural development.

He said for this purpose, Japan has made two

grants amounting to 400

million yen (about $2.3

million) to Liberia.

For his part, Foreign

Minister J. Bernard

Blamo expressed the

Liberian Government's

satisfaction and appreciation for the significant

assistance the Japanese

Government continues to

render Liberia in the fields

of agriculture, health,

education and communications, among

others.

He underscored the

significance of the grant

in view of the Green

Revolution program being

pursued by the government and people of

Liberia.

Dr. Blamo also thanked

the Japanese Government

for assigning Japanese

volunteers, who are serving in various areas in the

country. "We are happy

to note that there are

about 51 volunteers currently in Liberia since the

first group arrived here in

1979". he added.

/9317

CSO: 3400/117
LIBERIA

FINANCE MINISTER TUBMAN ON NEW TAX SCHEME

Monrovia DAILY STAR in English 16 Jan 87 pp 2, 7

[Text]

The Sinister of

Finance, Hon. Robert C. Tubman,

says that the

launching of the

new tax payment

scheme was introduced inorder to

alleviate difficulties on adequate control over

government revenues.

He said that the

measure.' implemented by the government, will

help to minimize

the loss of much

needed revenues

in the country.

Minister Tubman

made the statement

yesterday at his

Broad Street office during the

official launching

of the new tax

payment system.

He said that the

program was recommended to the Economic and Financial Management

Committee (EFMC)

by the Ministry

of Finance to

phase out the central cashering

unit at the Ministry and transfer

the functions of

receiving and depositing government revenues to

the National Bank

of Liberia and all

commercial banks

-n the country.

Minister Tubman

said that in the

past, the ministry

had experienced

problems in instituting control

procedures over

the receiving and

depositing of government revenues.

According to

him, the principal

areas where these

problems have existed included,

the reconciliation of actual

collections to

bankings, the issue of worthless

checks by taxpayers Which

caused government

substantial loss

of revenues,

"the difficulties

experienced by

taxpayers in the

payment of their

taxes at our central cashering

unit," as often

much time was wasted in long queues

and the overall

control over the

issue of government flag1 re

~

ceipts.

He said that the

program was officially launched

to ensure a system

of proper control

and adequate accountibility over

the generation o^

government revenues.

Earlier, the

President of Liberian, Dr. Samuel

K. Doe, said the

new system of tax

/9317

CSO: 3400/117
LIBERIA

CULTURE, TOURISM DIRECTOR KAMARA SUSPENDED, PROBE UNDERWAY

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 16 Jan 87 pp 1, 6

[Text]

Mr. .lallah K.K.

Knm.irn ha* been

suspended indefinitely

as Director-General of

the National Bureau of

Culture and Tourism

and is under probe by

the Justice Ministry.

According to an Kxecutive Mansion release,

Mr. Kamara's »«»pension

will remain in force until

he is cleared by the Justice

Ministry, for allegedly tailing to uphold his financial

obligations to some

private citizens and

business enterprises.

The release further

stated that during the

suspension of Mr. Kamara,

the Deputy DirectorGeneral of the Cultural

Bureau,. Miss Scholastica

Doe, will serve as acting

Director-General.

President Doe further

warned government officials against using their

offices to take advantage

of citizens and businesses

in the country.

Mr. Kamara's suspension comes in the wake of

numerous complaints by

citizens, of the

deteriorating condition of

the National Cultural

Center (Kendeja) and the

Providence Island.

Of late, there has been a

tussle between Mr.

Kamara and Information

Minister Moniolu Getaweh

concerning the return of

the Cultural Bureau to the

Ministry of Information.

But observers commend

Mr. Kamara for his

relentless efforts in keeping the National Cultural

Troupe prepared to meet

foreign guests and perform at official

Ceremonies.

/9317

CSO: 3400/118
LIBERIA

GABRIEL DOE ACCUSED OF PIRACY, JOHNSON-SIRLEAF ESCAPE

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 27 Jan 87 pp 1, 6

[Text] The Government of Liberia has charged Mr Gabriel C. Doe, a prominent

Liberian businessman, with piracy. He is due to appear in the Magisterial

Court today for preliminary hearings.

Mr Doe, who was accused of having allegedly masterminded the escape of

Mrs Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf from the country last August, was picked up some

six days ago, following his return home on January 15. He was taken to

court yesterday, when he was formally charged and later graned a $3,000.00

bail.

Mr Gabriel Doe, a tall, fair complexioned, naturally smiling young man

with low-cut curly hair, was escorted to the court yesterday by security

guards and furnished with a copy of the charges brought against him by

the State.

He was put on the prisoners' bench for as long as five hours while hurried

efforts were reportedly being made to secure his release on bail.

The charges, which were based on information provided by the Spanish pilot

of the Weasua aircraft, Mr Pedro Ballester, alleged that Mr Doe chartered

a Weasua aircraft at the James Spriggs Airfield on Saturday, August 31, 1986.

The charter was allegedly arranged with the "general manager of the Spriggs

Airfield, Mr Pierre Autille (now out of the country) and pilot Pedro Jose

Ballester flew the EL-AJB Sey from Monrovia at about 9 a.m. Saturday,

August 31, 1986, to Buchanan, Grand Bassa County, where he was to meet Mr

Gabriel Doe and fly to Greenville, Sinoe County, and Cape Palmas, Maryland

County," the charges said.

Upon arrival in Buchanan, the charges also said, "Mr Gabriel Doe and a lady

(unknown to Ballester) were on hand to board the flight, and the plane took

off from Buchanan with Mr Doe and the lady on board."

"While enroute to Cape Palmas," the records said, "Mr Gabriel Doe deceived

and directed the pilot to divert and change course..."
The three passengers suddenly found themselves in an

Ivorian town of Tobou

where, the charges stated,

"Mr. Gabriel Doe told the

pilot that all requirements for

landing in Tobou were met

and ready".

The charges also said that

the three were warmly received by a group of people who

were on hand to receive them

on arrival.

It was thereafter that the

"lady" whose identity is not

mentioned in the writ, but is

presumed to be the prominent opposition party leader,

Mrs. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf,

left the scene and boardeda

plane to the United States of

America. She fled the country late August under

dubious circumstances. The

security have since launched

an investigation into how

Mrs. Sirleaf escaped from the

country.

Pilot Pedro Jose Ballester,

who piloted the aircraft- at

the time, was briefly detained

for questioning. He madea

statement explaining how the

arrangement was made.

The general manager of

the Weasua Airlines

Transport Company, Mr. M.

Cassado, told newsmen then

that he krew nothing about

the escape of Mrs. Ellen

Johnson-Sirleaf through

Weasua aircraft.

Justice Minister Jenkins

Scott told the Daily Observer

yesterday that Mr. Gabriel

Doe had been duly charged,

because investigations show

that Mr. Doe allegedly

playeda role in the escape of

Mrs. Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf.

Minister Scott said,

however, that Mr. Doe is being prosecuted not because of

his connection with Mrs.

Sirleaf's escape from the

country but because of

"what he did to facilitate her

escape".

According to Minister

Scott, piracy isa felony of

the first degree witha penalty

of five years or otherwise,

depending on the circumstances.

Mr. Doe returned to the

country on January 15, and

not mid last week, as

previously reported by this

paper. He subsequently turned himself over to the

authorities in connection

with reports that the government had information that he

had assisted Mrs. Sirleaf to

flee the country.

Mrs. Ellen JohnsonSirleaf, a leading member of

the Liberia Action Party

(LAP), fled the country late

last August, despite restrictions on her travel. Her

escape came shortly after she

had been granted unconditional clemency last June

along with others for their

alleged involvement in the

abortive November 12, 1985

invasion.

Reliable sources say that

Mr. Gabriel C. Doe's companies, the NACA Logging

Company in Sinoe County

arid the Cavalla Timber

Corp., located on the

Zwedru-Greenvtlle highway,

28 miles south of Zwedru,

have been closed down for

the last four months, following allegations of his complicity in the escape of Mrs.

Sirleaf.

But justice Minister Scott

said he had no knowledge

that Mr. Doe's companies

had been closed, nor had he

given any such orders. He

said he thought it might be

obvious that the companies

had ceased operations since

their proprietor had left the

country for an extended

periodAll efforts to reach the

managing director of the

Forestry Development

Authority last night proved

futile.

Meanwhile, reliable

sources say that Mr. Doe left

Roberts International Airport (RIA) on September 3

last year, ona commercial

airline after he had requested

and had been granted an exit

visa. He was reportedly

travelling to France via Abidjan on timber business.

A9317

CSO: 3400/118
LIBERIA

UP VICE PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE RELEASED FROM CUSTODY

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 14 Jan 87 pp 1, 8

[Text]

Dr. S. Jabaru Carlon, who

was released from detention

yesterday, five days after he

was Jailed for allegedly being

in possession of 32-revolver,

is scheduled to leave the

country today for the

Ghanaian capital of Accra.

He will sit an interview for

the position of Registrar of

the West African Examinations Council (WAEO.

The trip, which was!

originally scheduled for

Tuesday, was delayed until

today due to Dr. Carton's

detention.

The UP Vice Presidential

candidate was arrested last

Thursday at the Clay Check

Point on the Monrovia-Bom!

Hills Highway while he was

on his way to attend the feast

of his brother who died last

year in Bendaja, Grand Cape

Mojunt County.

He was detained at the 6th

Infantry Battalion, a military

barrack in Bomi Hills, Bomi

County, where he remained

while the feast was held ove

ihe weekend.

.On Monday, he was

transferred to prison cell at

the'National Police Headquarters in Monrovia.

Speaking to the Daily

Observer upon his release

yesterday, Dr. Carlon said he

spent over 90 hours in detention without indictment.

A legal practitioner has

said that the maximum

period which the law allows

one to be detained without

indictment is 48 hours.

Dr. Ccrlon said besides a

statement he wrote upon the

request of military officers,

no actual investigation was

made into the matter.

Accoding to a reliable

source, Dr. Carlon «.as

released upon the order of a

, senior government official

/9317

CSO: 3400/118
COURT HEARS SUIT TO OVERTURN LPRC PRIVATIZATION PACT

Monrovia DAILY STAR in English 14 Jan 87 p 8

LIBERIA

[Text]

The Civil Law

court at the Teriiple of Justice began preliminary

hearings into the

cancellation of

the joint venture

agreement signed

between the Liberian Government

and consortium of

U.S. investors

for privatization

of the Liberia Petroleum Refining

Company (LPRC)

yesterday.

Under the agreement which was

signed last year,

Gadco-Petro International Limited

of Buffalo, New

York, and CS International of

Chicago, Illinois,

would rehabilitate

facilitates at the

LPRC, as well as

import and refine

crude oil in the

country, LINA

said.

During hearing

yesterday, lawyers

representing the

LPRC contended

that the agreement

reportedly signed

between the Liberian Government

and the U.S. Consortium was "tainted with fraud"

and "violative of

the laws of Liberia."

The lawyers maintained that the

agreement "purported" by the US.

investors was never "ratified" by

the National Legislature as is

required by law

in the process of

privatizing a public corporation.

/9317

CSO: 3400/117
LIBERIA

COMMODITY SALES BANNED ON SUNDAY

President Doe Issues Order Banning Sales

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 12 Jan 87 p 8

[Text] An order banning the sale of commodities on Sunday was yesterday

given by the Liberian Leader, Dr Samuel Kanyon Doe.

Giving the order after worshipping at the First Providence Baptist Church

on [word indistinct] Street, President Doe mandated the Justice Ministry

to arrest and prosecute anyone found selling on Sunday.

Dr Doe also urged the ministry to ensure that all market buildings remain

closed and there should be no selling on the sidewalks from 6:00 a.m. to

6:00 p.m. on Sunday.

According to LINA quoting an Executive Mansion press release yesterday,

the Liberian Leader, while enroute to the Providence Baptist Church, was

disappointed to note that in disobedience to the Commandment of God and

in complete violation of the city ordinances, marketers at the Rally-Time

Market were engaged in their regular trade.

This, Dr Doe said, was not only sinful but a disgrace for some of the

citizens of a Christian nation like Liberia to engage in this unwholesome

act.

"We cannot allow this kind of impurity to continue," he added.

President Doe's mandate comes few days after an official of the Liberia

Marketing Association (LMA), Mr John Varney, appealed to marketers to stop

selling on Sunday since the day was set aside to worship the Lord in

recognition of His mercies toward mankind. Mr Varney noted at the time

that the continuous habit by marketers to sell on Sunday shows disregard

for the holiness of the day.

Meanwhile, Dr Doe has called on the president of the L.M.A., Mr .Ignatius

Weah to warn his members throughout the country to take this seriously

because the ordinances will be enforced to the letter and there will be

no exceptions.

10
. Muslims Cite Constitutional Provisions

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 19 Jan 87 p 8

[Text]

Just live days following an order by President Samuel

kanyon l)oe (hat there should be no more commercial activities on Sunday, the Organization of Liberia Muslim

Youth (OLMYL comprising Muslim students, has called,

for the cancellation of the City Ordinance prohibiting

Sunday selling.

In a press release issued

l-riday. the Organization said

the cnloiccmciit of (lie ordinance violated the provision of llie Constitution

which among other things

guarantees the righi of all to

freedom of religion, without

hindrance.

Chapter three. Article 14

of the Constitution states:

"All persons shall he entitled

to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and no

person shall be hindered in

the enjoyment thereof except

as may be required by law to

protect public .safety, order,

health .>r moials or the fundamental ; rights and1

freedoms of others."

Article 14 also states, "All

persons who. in the practice

of their religion, conduct

themselves peaceably, not

obstructing others and conforming to the standards set

out herein, shall be entitled

to the protection of the law."

The article adds: ."No

religious denomination or

sect shall have any exclusive

privilege or preference over

any other but all shall be

treated alike, for (he exercise

of any civil right. Consistent

with the principles of separation of religion and state, the

Republic shall establish no

state religion."

Last Sunday ' Dr. Doe

ordered the Justice Minister

to ensure that all markets arc

closed on Sunday and thai no

selling should lake place

from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.

on thai day. President Doe,

noting that selling on Sunday

was in disobedience to the

commandments of God and

in complete violation of the

City Ordinances, urged the

Justice Minister to arrest and

prosecute anyone found selling on Sunday.

Since his statement, (he

Liberian Leader has continued to receive words of

commendation for his move

by many church leaders. Just

yesterday LINA reported

that many church leaders and

other citizens in Bassa, Cape

Mount. Niniba and Boing

counties also extolled President Doe for banning Sunday

selling.

However, in their press

release, OLMY said it believed that having laboured immensely both materially and

morally for the birth of the

new Constitution, President

Doe could not, by that mandate, infringe upon the

religious freedom of nonChrisiialis. /

Meanwhile, the organization has called on the Justice

Minister to seek the cancellation of the City Ordinances

in question.

Observers believe thai the

muslim youth is making the

statement since Sunday is the

main day considered by them

(Muslims) as "manket day'

As a result, the order would,

put them out of business.

Observers note that the

Muslims, knowing that

Liberia was built on Christian principles, are expected

to adhere to the order and

avoid Citing constitutional

provisions.

/9317

CSO: 3400/115

11
LIBERIA

REACTIONS TO INCREASED PUBLIC SCHOOL TUITION

Public School Students Protest Increases

Monrovia DAILY STAR in English 21 Jan 87 pp 1, 7

[Article by Ephrain S. Johns]

[Text]

Barely one day following news report that students at the Booker T.

Washington Institute (BWI) in Kakata,

Margibi County, are "AGAINST TUITION

HIKE" at the institution, their comrades in several jpublicschools in Monrovia yesterday protested against* the

introduction of tuition in public

schools beginning next academic year

fl987).

The fire of agony

began to burn

within the students who went

wild following the

distribution of

leaflets, expressing an opposition

to the imposition

of the tuition

which the Ministry

of Education announced to be paid

by all students

attending public

schools.

In the leaflets

issued hy the Monrovia Consolidated

School System Student Union (MCSS/

SU) yesterday, the

students said they

are opposing the

school fees introduction due to

what they considered "a flagrant

violation" of

their "inalienable rights to education as provided

for in the constitution of our

country."

However, the

October 22, 1987

issue of the DAILY

STAR newspaper reported that the

Minister of Education, Mr. Othello Gongar hadearlier denied

"rumours that the

ministry has plans

to introduce a

tuition system in

public schools in

the country beginning next academic year".

At the time,

the Minister of

Education informed

this paper through

his Director for

Public Affairs,

Mr. R. Jarnyenneh

Moore, "that there

were no plans

afoot to introduce

tuition system

in public schools

in the country". .

12
Notwithstanding,

the students said

if the decision

is implemented,

it will "definitely have a spillover effect" on

their parents because of the economic strain they

are already experiencing which

could mean an exploitation by the

government.

According to the

leaflets dated

January 20, 1987,

the students further said the "decision to impose

tuition payment

in public schools,

also comes into

sharp contradiction with the recently pronounced

policy of government that parents

should send all

children of

school-going age

to school or they

will be fined

$25.00.

They maintained

that the decision

is totally "uneconomic" since

it is coming at

a "point in our

history when income which is the

principle of satisfaction, has

dropped dramatically".

In the leaflet

signed by Mr.

Cyril Howard on

behclf of the

Secretary General

of the Union and

approved by the

Union's Chairman,

Mr. Sekou W. Kannen, the students

also mentioned

that _the "introduction of tuition

in p-"Mic schools

will seriously

create an increase

in the already

high illiteracy

rate in this time

of economic

crisis."

Meanwhile, the

students said that

as a manifestation

of their desire

to continue the

"mobilization as

a conscious-building process

against this unholy decision",

they are calling

on all students

to attend a mass

meeting at the

Matilda Newport

Junior High School

on Friday, January

23, 1987 at 12:00

noon.

Teachers Support Hike as Necessary

Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 6 Feb 87 p 8

[Article by Philip N. Wesseh]

[Text]

It appears that public school students and teacher.>

differ over a recent decision by the Education

Ministry for the payment of tuition in public schools

beginning this year. While students continue to appeal to revoke the decision, the National Union of

Liberian Teachers (NULT) has officially announced

its support for the Ministry's decision.

Speaking at the commencement exercises of the

Berisonville High School on

Wednesday, NULT President

Saa Philip Joe declared that

the teachers were in support

of the payment of tuition in

all public schools inspite of

students' plea to scrap the

decision.-14 students received high school diplomas.

Recently, several students

and groups expressed their

complete opposition to the

Education Ministry's decision. Just last week, the Bong

Students Union and Alumni

Association of the Monrovia

Central High School expressed their resentment over the

decision.

They claimed that in these

times of financial difficulties,

it was not necessary to make

such a decision. The students

said they foresee a major

dropout of students if the

decision would remain in

force.

13
/9317

CSO: 3400/116

However, in his statement,

Mr. Joe suggested that due to

the present financial constraints, "re-consideration be

given to pay half of the required amount to enable us

prepare for this great task".

Compulsory Education

Mr. Joe also revealed that

teachers have endorsed the

institution of compulsory

education in the country in

that it would prepare all

Liberians towards the task of

nation building.

"It will afford all Liberian

citizens, regardless of ethnic

grouping or location, to make

use of the right to be

educated and utilize their

talents", he noted. The NULT

boss perceived that this

would "weaken the system in

which the educated few most

often dominate the

uneducated majority, and

deprive them of the right to

development".

Educational Problems

Mr. Joe, however, reminded Government that the introduction of the compulsory

education would create new

problems if some crucial problems were not solved.

Among the problems, Mr.

Joe cited the inadequacy of

schools, the need for additional teachers and more institutional materials.

In his salutatory address,

Mr. John A.A. Gabriel, who

seems not totally against the

$50.00 tuition, however, called on the Education Ministry

to reduce this amount by 25"

per cent. He also suggested

that government provide

students with needed textbooks if students are to pay

the $50.00 tuition.

Mr. Gabriel recommended

that government ensure that

teachers work in proportion

to their salaries. He also

spoke againsf the importation of films, which he said

are detrimental to the

Liberian society. He then

called on government to halt

such films into the country.

He called on students to put

aside -indisciplined acts as

they would not benefit them

in their educational pursuit.

He told them to take their

education seriously and

respect higher authorities. He

spoke on the topic, "Students

and National Challenges".

14
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

STUDENTS TO PRESENT GRIEVANCES—The University of Liberia Students Union

(ULSU) says it will present a package to President Samuel Kanyon Doe today

outlining serious problems affecting the university. At a joint meeting

held yesterday in the UL auditorium with the support staff of UL, the

President of ULSU, Mr Samuel Kofi Woods II, said among problems to be

submitted to the President are making necessary resources available for

the upkeep of the university; the need for a financial review of the

university; the reopening of the dormitories and the need to look at the

transportation situation. Mr Woods said ULSU will also express its

dissatisfaction over the incapable manner in which the university is being

run by the present administration. He expressed happiness at the timely

intervention by the President for the early reopening of the university.

[Text] [Monrovia DAILY OBSERVER in English 23 Jan 87 p 6] /9317

CSO: 3400/118

15
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

NETHERLANDS GIVES MILLIONS IN DEVELOPMENT AID—The government of Holland has

agreed to give Mozambique assistance worth some $24 million for the development

of projects in several fields. The money will be used for technical assxstance

in agriculture, health, fishing, water, and electricity. It will also cover

financing for a drainage project in Maputo city. The agreement, signed in

Maputo yesterday, also provides finances for the balance of payments through

the purchase of raw materials and spare parts for Mozambique's light industry.

A director in the Mozambican Ministry of Water and Construction, Lopes Pereira,

and the director of the Southern Africa Division in the Dutch Ministry of

Cooperation and Development, Mr (Russ), signed the agreement on behalf of

their governments. [Text] [Maputo in English to southern Africa 1800 GMT

14 Feb 87] /8309

CSO: 3400/39

16
NAMIBIA

CABINET MINISTER MAY LEAVE NATIONAL PARTY WHEN TERM ENDS

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 20 Jan 87 pp 1, 7

[Article by Jim Freeman]

[Text] AXED NATIONAL Party Cabinet Minister and

chief representative to the National Assembly, Mr

Eben van Zijl, is set to split from the party when his

term of office in the Tintenpalast ends in ten days.

However, he had also heard

"ridiculous" speculation that

Reacting to speculation

about his political future, both

in the national and second-tier

arenas, Mr van Zijl told The

Advertiser he was still.an NP

man 'for the moment'.

"Until midnight on January

30, I am the National Party's

representative in the Cabinet

and the National Assembly.

"But one second after midnight I become a free man!' he

said.

Mr van Zijl said he would

disclose his plans as soon as he

no longer occupied his position as Minister ofAgriculture,

Sea Fisheries and Water Affairs.

Reacting to speculation that

the National Party had asked

him to remain in the Cabinet

rather than letting the new

representative, Mr Jannie de

Wet, run the risk of the party

losing the agriculture portfolio, Mr van Zijl admitted he

had received requests to remain involved in National

Party affairs.

he was to become Namibia's

first Minister of Foreign Affairs.

This portolio is an impossibility for the Transitional

Government before Namibia

becomes independent,

Mr van Zijl said he refused

to make himself vulnerable by

disclosing his plans before he

left the Tintenpalast.

The most popularly mooted

ideas are that Mr van Zijl will

remain Minister without portfolio in the Cabinet and that he

and his sacked followers in the

National Assembly and Constitutional Council will break

"away from the Nats and form

their own pressure group within the White Legislative Assembly.

At present, representation in

the Legislative Assembly is

delicately balanced between

the NP and their arch-foes, Mr

Dirk Mudge's Republican

Party.

/9274

CSO: 3400/56

17
NAMIBIA

YOUTH URGED TO 'VEHEMENTLY REJECT' CONSCRIPTION

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK OBSERVER in English 10 Jan 87 p 25

[Text] f The SWAPO Youth

' League has called on all

young South West Africans

to 'vehemently reject' mili-

, tarv conscription, and urged

the youth of the country to

rather join the People's:

Liberation Army of Namibia

(PLAN).

At a press conference in

Katutura on Tuesday, Mr

Jerry Ekandjo, Secretary of

the Youth League, condemn-'

ed South Africa's presence in

South West Africa, and urged young South West Africans to fight for the 'total

liberation of this beloved

country'.

Mr Ekandjo said that seeing that our country is a colony illegally occupied by

foreign racist South Africa, ,

and the Namibian people do

not have any government of

their own, or any other in- >

terests to defend, and all the

major means of production

are owned by South Africa

and otherforeign capitalists,

and the law they want to keep

here is the law of oppression

and the order of murder and

extermination, the young

people ofNamibia, under the

leadership of the SWAPO

Youth League vehemently renounce and totqlly reject the

recruitment of young Namibians into the foreign occupation forces of South

Africa.

Mr Ekandjo listed various

atrocities committed against

our people by the Armed

Forces, and added that, considering the 1971 International Court of Justice Declaration that South Africa's,

presence in South West

Africa was illegal, we reject

South Africa's presence in

our country. The so-called

Army is here to destroy the

Namibian "nation.

Mr Ekandjo appealed to

the youth to follow the example of the three young

SWAPO members who had

entered into litigation to

avoid being conscripted. He

called upon would-be conscriptees to publicly denounce this evil Army.

He also condemned the

cadet system in schools, and

called upon teachers, parents

and school committees to put

a stop to this diabolical

system because it is just an

extension ofthe SADFih our

schools.

SWAPO had always kept a

low profile despite the disruption of its meetings by the

Police during the past year,

but this does not mean we do

not want to defend our people. The time will soon come

when we will say enough is

enough.

Mr Ekandjo concluded his

statement by urging South

West Africans to join

SWAPO.

/9274

CSO» 3400/56

18
NAMIBIA

5 CHILDREN BARRED FROM SCHOOL BECAUSE OF RACE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 15 Jan 87 pp 1, 3

[Article by Jean Sutherland]

[Text]

ATLEASTFIVEblack children have been

turned away from white schools on the basis oftheir race and the central government

is considering taking legal action for alleged discrimination.

The Deputy Minister of

Education, Mr Piet Junius,

said today the five cases had

been reported over the past 24

hours and were being investi-,

gated.

"We are considering action!'

Mr Junius said, "but I cannot

say what kind"

However, earlier this week

Education Minister Andrew

Matjila warned he would go to

the Supreme Court to prevent

racial discrimination in Namibia's schools.

English, Afrikaans and

German-medium schools in

Windhoek, Karasburg and

Swakopmund are involved.

They are Centaurus High

and Eros Primary School

(Windhoek), Karasburg High

School, the Swakopmund

English Medium Primary

School and a German school at

Swakopmund, said Mr Juniüs.

Ironically, the Swakopmund

English Medium Primary

School is the only white school

to have so far applied to the

Administration for Whites to

become multiracial.

But it is believed that even If

white schools wanted to throw

their doors open, they are for

the moment unable to do so.

An education official, sympathetic to the "open schools"

bid, pointed out that white

schools were "bound by AG8".

"By law, they are absolutely

within their rights to turn away

children (of other races)!' he

added.

The relevant ordinance stipulates that a child can only be

accepted at a white school if he

or she is classified white.

Mr Matjila has been adamant that any refusal to open

schools "is a flagrant violation

of the Bill of Rights".

.■■ Both Swakopmund English.

Medium headmaster, Mr Ian

Thompson, and Centaurus

principal, Mr Hans Jochen

Böhlke, refused to comment

on the issue today, referring all

enquiries to National Education.

The principal of the Afrikaans Karasburg High School,

Mr Engelbrecht, denied know-l

ledge of anyone being turned

away from his school.

A random survey of parents

and school committees at

Windhoek's English and

German-medium schools this

week revealed many parents

felt out of their depth on the

matter.

The White Administration's

response to the TG's bid to.

"normalise" education has

.been to thrust the issue into the

hands of school committees

-and the parent community.

Ifthey decide they want their

school to be non-racial, they

are then obliged to approach

the white director of education

and white executive to review

the situation.

Parents and school committees feel they have been plunged into a political maelstrom.

There is also a disparity in

views over what should be

done, ranging from "positively

for" to "positively against".

While the debate over state

schools rages on, Windhoek's

non-racial private schools -

St Paul's College, the Holy

Cross Convent and St George's

Primary School - went ahead

as normal yesterday, with Namibians of all colours streaming through'their gates.

/9274

CSOs 3400/56

19
NIGERIA

GORBACHEV REPLIES TO BABANGIDA ON SOVIET POSITIONS

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 25 Jan 87 p 1

[Text] THE Soviet Union has reaffirmed its preparedness to

hold further dialogue with the

U.S. in the "interest of world

peace, and improving international security, according to a

message Soviet, leader

Mikhail Gorbachev 'sent to

President Ibrahim Babangida

andreleasedin Moscow at the

week-end

' In the message, which was a

reply to an earlier one from

President Babangida, Mr.

Gorbachev said that the

package of proposals put forward by his country at Reykjavic, made it possible to open

the door into a new epoch in

the struggle for peace.

The Moscow correspondent

of the News Agency of Nigeria

(NAN) quotes Mr. Gorbachev

as saying he envisaged that in

the new epoch, nuclear armed

race would disappear for ever

in the languages of the world,

while the outer space would

become a field of co-operation

solely for peaceful purposes.

Mr. Gorbachev stressed the

need to preserve and develop

what was achieved in

Reykjavic and called on the'

U.S. ,to adopt a "constructive" approach to the disarmament issue.

He praised the positive role

played by the Non-Aligned

Movement, "whose activemember in the international

arena is Nigeria", in the

struggle for world peace.

The Soviet leader noted that

his country and Nigeria were

politically close on many international issues, such as

disarmament, world peace,

eliminationof colonialism and

racism, overcoming economic

and social backwardness and

on other topical problems.

Inhis, earliermessage to the

Soviet leader, president

Babangjda badurge&both Mr.'

Gorbachev and' president

Reagan to follow-up their

Reykjavic meeting by carrying on further dialogues on

arms control and disarmament in the interest of world

peace. (NAN)

/9274

CSO, 3400/72

20
NIGERIA

SOVIET AMBASSADOR PRAISES GOVERNMENT ON PEACE STANCE

Kaduria NEW NIGERIAN in English 17 Jan 87 p 11

[Article by Anene Ozoagu]

[Text] THE Soviet Ambassador to

Nigeria, Mr. Your Koupliakov

has praised Nigeria's stand in

ensuring a process of change

toward peace in the world.

Addressing a press conference

in Lagos Wednesday to mark the

first anniversary of proposals by

Soviet leader, Mikhail Gorbachev

as effwt to eliminate nuclear

weapons by the year 2000, Mr.

Koupliakov said that Nigeria's

position on peace and war in the

United Nations, Non-Aligned

Movement and elsewhere is

highly appraised.

He recalled that President

Ibrahim Babangida, after the

Reykjavik summit between

Soviet and American leaders sent

messages urging them to continue negotiations and solve the

vital questions facing both countries and theworld.

On Soviet position on the

elimination of nuclear weapons,

the ambassador noted that his

government announced that the

first nuclear explosion carried

out by the United States this year

would terminate Soviet's

unilateral moratorium on

nuclear testing.

He said that his government

would be ready to return to

testing moratorium any day the

United States decided to stop

their nuclear tests.

Mr. Koupliakov said that the

Soviets were opposed to

American Strategic Defence

Initiative (SDI), popularly tagged star wars because it would involve the deployment of strike

weapons in space which would

trigger off an uncontrollable

arms race in all areas, turn the

current strategic balance into

strategic chaos.

Mr. Koupliakov said that the

Soviet Union has not deployed

members of Spetsnaz commandos (an off-shoot of the KGB) to

augment the staff of its embassy

in Lagos.

The ambassador said that in

Afghanistan the Soviets have

their regular forces but that their

intervention was on the request of

the people of Afghanistan to help

them.

He said that as soon as

normalcy returned in Afghanistan

"we shall move out.''

He compared theirintervention

in that country to the invitation of

Cuba by the Angolan people to

help them out from the repressive apartheid forces of South

Africa.

/9274

CSOs 3400/72

21
NIGERIA

HIGHLIGHTS OF SPEECHES AT ANAMBRA SOVIET FRIENDSHIP MEETING

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 30 Dec 86 p 9

[Article by Peter Umenze]

[Text] Trade unions and industrial organisations in the country have been

enjoined to adopt socialist tenets and principles in discharging their duties,

"Any trade unionist that is not built on socialist principle is useless."

This was stated by a social philosopher and the rector of the Palcom Research

Institute, Umuahia, Professor Obioma Atuloma, in a paper titled "the revolution factor in unified integrated Rural Development programming—a lesson from

the 1917 Soviet initiative delivered during the 1986 symposium at Enugu to

commemorate the USSR National Dayf organised by the Nigeria Soviet Friendship

and Cultural Association,, Anambra State Branch,

Professor Atuloma also stated that the much-talked about rural development

would be meaningless if the "Soviet initiative" was not adopted.

The social philosopher charged the [word indistinct] the Nigerian Labour

Congress and elites to educate the masses on their rights in day to day activities, adding that, 'only socialist circuit of planned industrial capital development, priorities and recurrent social cost would curb unemployment, excessive importation and misapplication of local surplus value.

He said that the Nigeria-Soviet Cultural Association was aimed at forging a

good relation in culture and life style between Nigeria and the Soviet Union.

Also speaking, Dr G, C, Igwe Ejiofor. of the state ministry of information,

youth., sports, and culture, in a paper titled "the October 17th Revolution and

its impact" traced how Lenin and his followers succeeded in the revolution of

1905 in Russia,

He described Lenin as a masterful political organiser and a manipulator who

introduced Leninism in the Soviet politics,

/9274

CSO: 3400/81

22
NIGERIA

JOINT COMMUNIQUE ISSUED WITH LIBYA ON CHAD

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 17 Jan 87 pp 1, 9

[Text] NIGERIA and Libya

have pledged their

commitments to the withdrawal of all non-Chadianforces from Chad.

In a communique issued

yesterday after the meeting between the special

Libyan envoy, Dr. Ali

Treiki and External

Affairs Minister, Professor Bolaji Akinyemi, both

'countries said they were

committed to national

reconciliation in Chad.

Libya ' and Nigeria said

they i-egarded the

Chadian crisis as an African problem which

required an African

solution.

To this' end, they have

decided to hold consultation with Chad and other

neighbouring countries as

well as the main actors in

the Chadian crisis.

Mecnwhile, President

Babangida said yesterday

that military option is not

the- best way to solve the

Chadian crisis; President

Ibrahim Babangida said at

Dodan Barracks yesterday.

President Babangida

9aid Nigeria was "receptive" to the Libyan proposal that a fresh attempt

be made by Chadian

neighbours to find lasting

"political solution" to the

more than 20 years conflict.

He promised that th«

Federal Government

would give due consideration to the Libyan request

(hat it be allowed to open

a "People's Bureau" in

Lagos to facilitate cooperation with Nigeria.

The Libyan Embassy in

Lagos was closed during

the last civilian administration.

General Babangida

spoke aDOUf Chad yesterday when a three-man

Libyan delegation led by

Dr. AÜ Treiki brought

him a special message

from Col. Gaddafi on the

Chadian question!

Delivering the message

earlier. Dr. Treiki told

President Babangida that

Libya was of the view that

it was in the interest of

Chad's neighbours to act

immediately to prevent an

internationalisation of the

crisis there.

He said-the internationalisation of the Chadian

conflict would mean more

arms inflow into that

country and a threat to

the stability of the whole

region.

Dr. Treiki stressed the

Libyan view that all "nonAfrican" countries should

be kept out of.the Chadian

conflict.

He then conveyed

personal greetings from

Col. Gaddafi to President -

Babangida and also

extended a fresh invitation to him to visit Libya

saying "our people will be

honoured by the visit."

/9274

CSOj 3400/68

23
NIGERIA

LIBYA PLEDGES AID TO ISLAM IN EASTERN STATES

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 17 Jan 87 p 16

[Article by Garba Shehu]

[Text]

THE Libyan ßtr&o

Republic is to assist the

spread of Islam in the

Eastern parts of

Nigeria through its

agency, the World

Islamic Gall Society.

As a first step, an

interest-free loan is to

be made available to

some moslem leaders in

the area to enable them

operate a commercial

farm that would

employ individuals who

fall-out with their

employers as a result of

their joining Islam.

This is the outcome

of a joint presentation

by Nigerian moslems at

an eight-day conference

in Libya who impressed

upon the conference,

the critical position of

Islam in Eastern

Nigeria.

Alhaji Suleiman

Onyeama, a prominent

Islamic propagator based in Enugu; had claimed that some IäOOS lose

their jobs on joining

Islam while, others are

deterred from joining

the religion by such

fears.

At the conference,

several academic 'and

religious presentations

were made including

a presentation by a

young Nigerian student

Miss Mardiya Khaiid

from Kano State who

in a paper titled "The

Women in Jihad"

criticised the tradition

of some moslems who

keep their women in the

background.

/9274

CSO: 3400/69

24
NIGERIA

ABSENCE OF DOMESTIC ISLAMIC CALL SOCIETY BRANCH REGRETTED

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 25 Jan 87 p 10

[Article by Garba Shehu]

[Text] The Libyan Arab (?Inmahirriyya) under the revolutionary leader,

Colonel Muamar Gadafi is worried that the Islamic world suffered dispersion,

impotency and dependency that deprived it from any sovereignty and subjected it, for a long time, to the super powers and to the neo-colonial world.

Libya heard the warning signal of Islamic thinkers and reformers that the

Islamic nation was in a state of weakness and confusion and the religion was

being subjected to defacements and alterations of the true cause of Allah,

For this reason, the Libyan leader just emerging from a successful, military

putsch which overthrew the tyrannic King Idris called a group of moslem

religious leaders (Ulama), thinkers and writers, for a conference to study the

ways of reviving the role of muslims in raising the word of Allah and reviving the sunnah of His Prophet.

This culminated in the formation of the World Islamic Call Society, WICS,

in 1970 with the goal of spreading the knowledge of the religion of Islam,

and serving moslems in the whole world. It is conceived with the aim of

eliminating sectorial barriers that are seen as hindering muslim unity.

Although the society was conceived of, and established by the regime in Libya,

there appears to be no political relationship between it and the government.

The politicians are doing their own thing while the Islamic call works for

Allah. Its source of fund is the Jihad tax of three and a half percent chargeable on the monthly earnings of the Libya working people. It receives donations

from various Islamic courses throughout the world,

The programmes of the Islamic call are under surveillance by a 36 member executive council from 36 countries of the world. It has wide-ranging investments

from which it reaps profits used in its activities.

Beside the propagation of Islam, the society engages in several humanitarian

services which, surprisingly are not restricted to muslims alone. An instance

of this kind of humanitärianism is being rendered in Cotonou by the Islamic

Call, There is an Islamic centre which operates a school and library in the

25
Benimois capital. The Cotonou Islamic Centre operates a clinic with a full

compliment of doctors rendering free medical service to both moslems and nonmoslems,

There also is a mobile medical service for the rural populace. At present,

another 120 bed hospital and an integrated complex housing a mosque, a

library, a school, a meeting hall, and a sporting arena is being constructed

by the Islamic Call in Cotonou and is due to be completed in 18 months from

now.

The work of the propagation of Islam by the Islamic call is being carried by

numerous propagators throughout the world, 13 of whom are Nigerians,

Regretfully, the Islamic call society which is a member of several international bodies including the united Nations Organisation, UNICEF and also OAU, is

not formally admitted in Nigeria, This has to do with the misconception of

the role of the Society and partly as a result of suspicion by Nigeria about

Libya to transform its embassy in Lagos to a Peoples' Bureau, thus making

Nigeria (the other being Kenya) one of the only two countries in Africa to

refuse this change on the insistance of the U.S.

Last week's visit to Nigeria by Libya's permanent representative in the UN,

Dr Ali Terekki and the resulting communique jointly issued by the two countries

appears to be a turning point that may usher in an atmosphere of understanding

between the two countries.

Interviews conducted by the reporter with some leaders of the Islamic Call

indicate that they consider Nigeria a friendly country in spite of all the

odds. They consider that Nigeria has peculiar problems of its own which reflect on the attitude of our various governments. They do not however wish

to see Nigeria close itself in Islamic and cultural fields.

They, most importantly see it a duty they owe to the Almighty, to work with

their moslem brothers in Nigeria for the upliftment of both the religion and

the quality of living of moslems throughout the world.

When Colonel Gadafi met the West African delegates, for whom the recently

concluded conference was organised, he was anxious to dispel misconceptions

about Islam being a backward religion. He blamed moslems for sitting idle

to watch others oppress them. He called for Jihad by moslems to liberate

themselves from the hold of France and the U.S.

/9274

CSO: 340Ü/75

26
NIGERIA

DEFENSE MINISTER BALI ON RSA BOMB THREAT

Lagos THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN in English 25 Dec 86 p 50

[Interview with Major-General Dömkat Bali, Minister of Defense and Chairman,

Joint Chiefs of Staff by Jullyett Ukabiala and Ted Iwere on 9 Dec 86; place

not specified]

[Text]

WIGERIA'S Minister of Defence

and Chairman, Joints Chief of

Staff, Major-General Domkat Bali, on

December 9, 1986 discussed the South

African bomb threat with The Guardian

Defence Correspondent Jullyette Ukabiala and The African Guardian editor

Ted Iwere. Excerpts:

The African Guardian: This is about

the first time in recent years that Nigerians are talking of a pre-emptive attack

by South Africa. How do you see the

development?

Bali: This is the first time to my mind

that Nigerians have come up with an

open view that South Africa is a threat

to Nigeria. As far as I know there is no

evidence that South Africa has planned

an imminent invasion of Nigeria.

Please explain that

What I am saying is that there is no

concrete evidence of South Africa planning an invasion of Nigeria. But having

said that, South Africa must always be

considered as a possible enemy who

would want to attack Nigeria in view of

the fact that we have taken a very critical stand against the apartheid policy in

strong terms everywhere, to the point

where we are regarded as a frontline

state. And you are also aware that

South Africa has recently embarked on

what you might term as destabilisation

of the frontline states — reckless bombing here and there and harassing the

nations close by.

So with Nigeria's stand, it can easily

be assumed that we could be subject to

South African attack. The only difference is that we are now whipping that

imminent South African invasion

ourselves.

How do you mean sir?

Let me put it in simple manner. All

along we have seen the possibility as

military thinkers that South Africa, having the chance, can do some damage to

Nigeria. For the first time, we are now

blowing it up as though it is an imminent

thing; that tomorrow or next week or in

one month we would have a South African invasion. The difference is that we

have made it so pertinent.

Are there no intelligence reports to

that effect?

No. The intelligence you are talking

about only shows the possibility that can

happen. It didn't come up with the figures that South Africa is planning that.

But the anxiety seems to have been

heightened.

In a way I like it because it now brings

to Nigerians that they are not all that

safe anymore. All along you talk about

defence and people say, ah, they take

our money and do anything. I think this

creation of a sense of insecurity is good

for defence. It makes people aware for

once that perhaps these people have

usefulness. Perhaps they deserve expenditure. To that extent I like it. You

know, to me as the minister of defence, I

27
can blow this thing out of proportion, if

that is what will bring anything. So to

me as the minister of defence, I can even

blow it beyond what you know.

In fact, there are suspicions along that

line, that the military establishment is

just doing that to press their case for an

increased vote in the next budget.

(A tone of vehemence) That, I

wouldn't do to you and that is why I am

playing it down to the actual level. I am

saying thatit won't pay me to do that. So

I don't have to lie to you on a serious

matter.

What is Nigeria's relationships with

Equatorial Guinea like? You think

South Africa's presence in Equatoria

Guinea is anything to worry about?

Equatorial Guinea is just inches

away. Infact she is our neighbour. The

only separation is a little strip of sea

between us and them. Otherwise they

would have been our southern neighbour. So they are close and there are

many powers interested in that place for

whatever reasons.

Are South Africans really there?

If you say South Africans, I find it

difficult to distinguish between one and

an average white man. But there is indication that they are there in form of

agricultural or some project experts.

Can Nigeria really be sure what's happening there?

So far, South Africa is not building

any airstrip or anything. A few South

Africans are there as experts in one

thing or the other.

But they are building a very powerful

communication monitoring station.

That makes Nigeria naked in terms of

communications.

As for communications, whether or

not the South Africans are there, we are

exposed to modern technology. The

Americans, for instance, can tap anything you have. As long as they are in

terms, South Africa doesn't even need

to spend her money.

What are Nigeria's chances in a war

with South Africa?

Forget about the talk that South Africa will come and occupy Nigeria and

make it a colony of South Africa. It is

impossible. All they can do is to make

some damage and embarrass us.

Isn't that enough damage?

That would be be quite enough damage. That's about the best they can

hope.

And what do you think Nigeria can do

in retaliation if that happens?

We will try and inflict casualty on the

people who come to invade us as much

as possible.

You don't quite agree that South Africa is quite powerful.

Power is a relative term.

You think her might has been exaggerated?

In many quarters, it has. South Africa

is powerful compared to her neighbours.

What about compared to Nigeria?

If you compare to us in terms of hardware such as planes, ships, they have an

edge.

What kind of re-inforcement would

you recommend to beef military capabilities, especially in the area of air defence?

We already have lots of plans for that

but we cannot have the money now. If

we do, the people would say why are

you wasting money when we have no

money. And that is exactly what I am

suffering now. If I tell you what we need

now for what I consider as an effective

air defence and the cost, even you will

not buy it. It runs into billions of dollars.

/9274

CSO: 3400/77

28
NIGERIA

GDR PLEDGES EDUCATIONAL AID IN NEW CULTURAL AGREEMENT

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 9 Jan 87 p 24

[Text]

THE East German

Government has promised a. three?milliondollar educational aid to,

Nigeria»

The ait will bein equipment for- secondary

schools- and polytechnics.

It will also be containedia

tb» 1987/88 cultural agree*

mentta be signedsoon by

the twocountries.

This- agreement was

reached yesterday by

GDR'» Deputy Minister

for Higher and Technical

Education, Professor Siedfried Schwanke, and the

Education. Minister, ProfessorJubrilAmimu

Prof. Schwanke^ who

paid' a- visit on Prof.

Aminu in his office while

Ott a twoday official tour

of Nigeria* said the twocountries had agreed OK

many points of mutual

exchange in the» field

of education.

According to Mm, GDB.

was prepared to. receive

academics, researchers'

and studnntfffrom Nigeria

in a special educational

programme.

The visiting minister

disclosed that h» had in»

vited members of the

Nigerian Universities

Commission. (NUC) and.

all the vicechancellors

from Nigerianuniversities:

to visit hiscountry to have

new. ideas: andimprove. on.

then? enatingv academftr

relations..

Responding, Prof.

Aminu appreciated th»

good gestures of GDR «u

Nigerias, saying "We

respect East Germany

and: itsE standards o*

technology and academic

achievement. We are

. interested in cooperating;

with it in..-. education,

scienceand technology"

He promised his counterpart that the bottleneck hampering the negotiations of the cultural

agreement would soon be

removed to solve some

consular and diplomatic

problems.

/9274

CSO» 3400/67

29
NIGERIA

GDR BLAMED FOR LACK OF CULTURAL EXCHANGE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jan 87 p 3

[Text] The inability of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) to respond to

the cultural exchange proposals forwarded to it last year is delaying the signing and updating of the cultural agreement between Nigeria and East Germany.

Information and Culture Minister Prince Tony Momoh made this known at the

weekend when he received the German ambassador to Nigeria Mr Gerhard Haida in

his office.

He said a programme should be worked out for earlier signing so that Nigeria

can participate in the Berlin exhibition coming up in June, adding that where

this is done Nigerian arts can also be exhibited in Berlin to enhance further

cultural understanding,

Mr Momoh thanked the ambassador for the GDR's award to Wole Soyinka which, he

said, was not prompted by the Stockholm award but rather by the appreciation

of African literature by GDR,

The minister further

said that "we are heavily

working in the promotion

of Nigerian culture

abroad." especially now

that African perspetive in

literature is fully being

appreciated.

He also called for cooperation in the field of

education, indastry,

scientific and terhnoloEarlier, the German

amhawador. Sir. Haida

had called for stronger

cultural nliiaMsliaji between tnetieocosntries.

He invited Nigeria to

the ~ Jane Berlin

that -other African

cocntUBas Häfae Ti.—aal and

Guinea* - have always

attedtbd' ttA» yearly cete-

/9274

CSO! 3400/68 30
NIGERIA

CULTURAL AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH JAPAN

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 19 Jan 87 p 3

[Text] Cultural aid agreement worth 32 million Yen («745,600) was signed

between Nigeria and Japan in Lagos at the week-end.

Under the grant aid agreement the Japanese government will provide the National Commission for Museums and Monuments with one diesel generator, one

photo-mechanical preproduction equipment and a photo type-setting machine.

Information and Culture Minister Prince Tony Momoh who signed on behalf of

Nigeria told the Japanese ambassador, Mr Mitsuro Donowaki, that the National

Commission for Museums and Monuments considered the occasion as a "historic

milestone in the continuous Interest which the Japanese Embassy in Nigeria

has shown in the activities of the commission.

He congratulated Japan for the grant aid which, he said, had further deepened

and extended the existing "fraternal and cordial relationships between Japan

and Nigeria,'1

The equipment, he said, would enhance the commission's self-reliance and capability in the areas of graphics, printing and publication.

The minister thanked the Japanese ambassador and his officers for their untiring efforts for making the signing ceremony a reality.

He further appealed to them to extend the fruitful relationship to other

spheres of cultural activities and arrange for the exchange of experts, training proposals and exhibition of works of art.

Replying, Mr Donowaki said that Nigeria since her independence has been an

Important country in sub-Saharan Africa with regard to Japan's foreign policy.

/9274

CSO? 3400/69

31
NIGERIA

AIKHOMÜ DISSATISFIED WITH GOVERNMENT-MEDIA RELATIONS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 24 Dec 86 pp 1, 2

{Article by Shehu Dauda]

[Text]

THE Chief of General Staff, RearAdmiral Augustus Aikhomu, has expressed dissatisfaction over the existing government - media relations

in the country.

Admiral Aikhomu said he saw no

reason why some news organisations in

the country should constitute themselves

into an opposition to government.

He made this observation in' Lagos

yesterday during his quarterly media

chict's' briefing at State House, Marina.

Yesterday's briefing which took the

form of a dialogue between the Chief of

General Staff and the media executives,

liad as its theme: "Government and

Media Relations".

The Chief of General

Staff said that though

the - government took

some criticisms in good

faith, many of them were

short of objectivity.

• However, Admiral

Aikhomu admitted that

on many occasions, civil

servants feel reluctant to

give out required information to the media

thereby contributing

more to the poor relationship between the two

organs.

/9274

CSOr 3400/74

Similarly, he explained

that the hoarding of

necessaryinformation by

such government functionaries prompts

pressmen into

speculative journalism

which he said was more

destructive to government;

Suggesting how to imV

;pK)ve# the-; relationship

Between»?the media and

government,, the National; President of the

Nigerian Union of Journalist* (NTJJ), Mr.

George Izobo, urged the

federal government to

co-opt the Minister of

Information : into the

Armed' Forces Rulings

Gwnäri^R^;

JSüch afstep;? theNUJ

F¥esidei*if; saidt was

'necessary .if government

wantedto clearly explain

its äctionsHtö the public,

concerning •; major

policies' made' by the

AFRCV

Speaking - further, the

Chief of General Staff

assured that the Federal

Military Government has

no intention of gagging

the Nigerian Press.

Referring to a recent

insinuation in the media

that the current

newsprint shortage experienced by newspapers

in the country was a

deliberate plan by the

government to silent the

press, the CGS emphatically denied the.

allegations.

Giving these clarifications Rear Admiral

Augustus Aikhomu

assured that relief

measures: were incorporated by government

in the 1987 budget.

He hinted that the 50

per cent tariff introduced

by the present administration on

newsprint has been

reviewed in the for-.'

thcömingbudget. .

: Stating that a compromise was* arrived at

by government after considering' ;

the plight of

newspapers in. the country, and that of the

Nigerian"'Newsprint

Manufacturing Company, (NNMC) at OkoIboku in Cross River

State, Admiral Aikhomu

said the steps taken

became necessary

because the present

government had no intention to kill the press

or the Oko-Iboku

Newsprint Company.

Giving an insight into

next year's Federal

3udget, the Chief of

General Staff told the

media chiefs that the'

wage-freeze which had

been on for the past five

years would continue.

But-..he-- hinted that

some benefits hitherto'

removed by government

and' some marginal increases might be considered by the government in the 1987 Budget.

32
NIGERIA

NAP LEADER BRAITHWAITE ON CONTINUED POLITICAL ACTIVITY

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 22 Dec 86 p 16

[Article by Jonathan Emereole]

[Text]

TT HE~ leader of the banned

* Nigerian Advanced Party

(NAP), Dr Tunji Braithwaite,

has vowed never to call it'quits

with politics until social justice

was enthroned in the country.

Speaking to the Dally Star at

the Railway Recreation Club,

Ebute-Metta, Lagos,. Dr

Braithwaite said he would

continue his fight against the

establishment of impostors and

corrupt and unjust people

wherever he found them, no

matter how highly placed in the

society.

The former NAP .leader who

was. the chairman at the

launching of an LP alburn by

the Salvation Singer of "New

Born Apostolic Church,"

Ebute-Metta, at the recreation

club; described the present

circumstance in the countryas

a situation whereby "the. tail

wage the head".

This, he said, was a situation

of abnormality, stressing that

the nation requires both

immediate surgical operation

and God's mercy to avoid

imminent disintegration.

Asked if his current posture

as a born-again Christian would

not conflict with his political

ambition or ideology, he

snapped: "There has never

been any division between

godliness and political

activism'. In fact, one

complements the other.

"Political action is

complemented through faith in

God because when you have

faith, you don't tear. Truth

liberates you. Only the truth

liberates (he mind, and that

truth can only come from the

Lord.

"I am a political person all

through until social justice is

enthroned in this country; 1

will never' stop politics.

Never".

It would be recalled that Dr

" Braithwaite, in reaction to the

Federal Government general

ban on Second Republic:

politicians from participating

in the politics of thejsountry

for ten years, said he did not

consider himself banned.

Commenting on pronounced

factionalisation in the church,

the former NAP presidential'

aspirant remarked that he

would call on all Christian

denominations to unite to

"defend their faith against

imminent erosion".

He did not elaborate.

Reviewing the LP titled:

"Aiye ti se" (meaning, "the

world Has sinned") he noted

that it was a current diagnosis

of the social and political

illness of the country, and

commended the choir for its

effort.

Mr Lanre Idowu shokelu, a

bank manager with OWENA

Bank who was the chief

launcher, said the record

"gives pleasure and spiritual

upliftment to everyone that

listened to it".

He promised 10 assist the

choir financially to enable it

acquire musical instruments

for greater achievement in the

future.

/9274

CSOj 3400/65

33
NIGERIA

JUSTICE MINISTER ON MEASURES TO CURB CORRUPTION

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 16 Dec 86 pp 1, 3

[Text]

TlHE scrapping of.

jthe Marketing

Boards and the

Nigerian National

Supply Company

(NNSC) is one of the

major steps being

taken to curb corruption in the country.

Prince Bola Ajibola, the

Minister of Justice, who

said this in Lagos yesterday, stressed that the

Federal Government will

•not relent in its efforts at

'•curbing corruption.

.He said the introduction of SFEM was

another step taken to

eliminate the issuance of

import licences which, he

said, had been a major

avenue of corruption.

. Prince Ajibola was

addressing newsmen after

a closed-door meeting

with the British High

Commissioner to Nigeria,

Mr. Martins Ewans. He

described the. scrapped

establishments as

"sources of corruption",'

and emphasised that "a

silent revolution" aimed',

at eliminating the vice

had begun.

The minister expressed

dissatisfaction over the

British Government's

delay to Nigeria's request

for the extradition of

fugitive Umaru Dikko.

Prince Ajibola told the

High Commissioner that

the offences committed by

Alhaji Dikko were within

the extradition laws of

Britain.

He said that Nigeria's,

application for the extradition of Dikko and other

wanted fugitives how resident in Britain have

been "undufy ; delayed".

and expressertdisappoipfcment over the British

Government's apparent

lack ot ce-°perat'

on with

Nigeria for efirfy resolution of the issue.

He criticised the British.

Government's "linkage"

of Nigeria's application

for Dikko's' extradition

with his request for political asylum, stressing that

Nigeria's request should

be treated ob its own

On drugs trafficking,

the minjster said that the

two parties spoke on how

to curtail transportation

of drugs from Nigeria to

Britain.

Replying, Mr. Ewans

pledged his country's preparedness to assist

Nigeria in resolving the.

issue, but explained the

technicalities involved in

the British judicial

system.

It will be recalled that the Federal Government under the ousted Buhari

regime had formally requested for the extradition of fugitive Dikko on criminal charges after a kidnap attempt on him was made by three Israelis and a

Nigerian,

The men were sentenced by a court at the Old Bailey in London to prison terms

ranging from ten to 14 years, and recommended for deportation after leaving

prison,

Alexander Barak, a 27-year-old Israeli businessman presented by the prosecution as the organiser of the failed kidnapping was sentenced to 14 years in

prison.

34
The other two Israelis, Anesthetist Arie-lev Shapiro 44, and Felix Abitbol,

31 were both jailed for ten years and the Nigerian, Mohammed Yusufu, 41

received a 12 year sentence.

All four men who pleaded guilty to the kidnapping were arrested on July 5,

1984 at London's Sanstead Airport when Mr Yusufu tried to load two crates

containing Mr Dikko and the other three men aboard a Lagos-bound Nigeria

Airways plane.

The foiled kidnap attempt sparked a crisis in Anglo-Nigerian relations which

made Nigeria and Britain recall their respective high commissioners home for

consultations,

Dikko is now a law student of the Holborn Law Tutors in London.

/9274

CSO: 3400/72

35
LABOR LEADER CHIROMA SEEKS NEW GOVERNMENT IMPORT POSTÜRE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Jan 87 pp 1, 9

[Text]

NIGERIA

' ETRENCHED vrörkn. era have no hops of

Snag recalled if the present position of spending

hard currency from the

Second-tier Foreign Exchange Market (SFEM).

on finished products continued unchecked.

Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) President Ali

Chiroma made this assertion in Lagos yesterday

while welcoming the

Labour Minister, Ike

Nwachukwu to the NLC

secretariat.

He cited the case of

Peugeot Automobile Nigeria Limited (PAN)

which, he said, had closed

down its assembly plant

in Nigeria only to engage

in importation of cars.

"In the public sector,

government's posture on

the issue of continued

retrenchment and premature retirements constitute an obvious contradiction of government policy

on the need to create

jobs,"he added.

The NLC president,

warned that the continued

detention, of. labour i

leaders (as was in the case

in Bendel State last week)

was not* acceptable to

workers.

"A situation of suspicion and mistrust, which

sees trade unions as a

security risk, does not

generate mutual confidence", he stressed.

On the proposed amend'

ments and promulgation

of labour laws, the NLC . boss reminded the Federal

Government that, the

National LabourAdvisory Council should

be consulted on such

issues.

Failure to do this, he

said, might lead to enactments which may not

meet the desired objectives.

The NLC president alsoexpressed disappointment

that despite President

Babangida's directive

that workers co-opera--

fcives be encouraged, some

state governments have

refused to grant licences

to existing workers' cooperatives. .

Alhaji Chiroma, however, commended the creation of the employment

directorate and pledged

that industrial^ unions

would support its programmes.

/9274

CSO? 3400/71

36
NIGERIA

NAIRA REVALUATION CREATES NEW PETROLEUM SUBSIDY

Lagos THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN in English 22 Jan 87 p

[Article by Toma Imirhe]

[Text]

BEFORE the famed national IMF

debate late in 1985, Nigerians took

the prices of petroleum products for

granted. Nobody bothered about the

fact that these prices were being heavily

subsidised by government.

However, several factors, eventually

led the government into developing

cold feet on continued subsidy on

petroleum products. First, was the need

to increase government revenue at a

time when its main revenue earner, oil,

was entering a glut period. This was

occurring at the. same time that Nigeria's numerous foreign creditors were

pressing the country to settle her debts.

Yet, another reason was that their

cheapness in Nigeria was providing some

people withan illegal but profitable trade

of smuggling petroleum products into

neighbouring countries. Thus, when the

government rejected the IMF loan but

endorsed the removal of a large portion

of the subsidy in the 1986 budget, many

analysts regarded this decision as economically sound and disregarded the

socio-economic effects on Nigerians.

The removal of 80 per cent of the

subsidy resulted in an increase in fuel

price from 20 kobo to 39.5 kobo per

litre. However, the move appeared to

be a major coup for the Federal Government, as it anticipated to generate

WOO million as sayings from the reduced subsidy. This revenue was to go

to the newly created Directorate of

Food, Roads and Rural Infrastructure.

But various developments in 1986

were to put paid to government's hopes

22

of using such savings as a major source.

of funding this new directorate.

Initially, government's gains were

more than expected. This was because

in the budget projections for 1986, the

expected price of a barrel of oil was put

at $25 and the Federal Government was

selling oil to NNPC for local refining at

$20.58. When oil price crashed to around

US $10, the government was actually

reaping an inadvertent petroleum tax,

because at that time, the exchange rate of

the naira to the dollar was one to one.

The fact is thatwhat government did not

seem to take into cognisance was that

the existence of a subsidy, or conversely, a tax, on petroleum products is dependent on the prevailing exchange rate

of naira for dollar, since Nigeria's oil

exports are priced in dollars. Thus, if

the naira appreciates against the dollar,

the situation tends towards the existence of petroleum tax. If however, the

naira depreciates vis-a-vis the dollar, a

petroleum subsidy comes into existence.

The advent of the Second-tier Foreign Exchange Market (SFEM) with the

accompanying crash of the naira has

brought the latter scenario into being.

Therefore, SFEM has served to grossly

increase what was left of the petroleum

subsidy. One expert puts this increase in

the subsidy from 20 per cent atthe initial

withdrawal in January 1986, to a colossal 62 per cent in December, 1986.

This new development brings sharply

into focus, government's target of

generating N818.6 million from an 80

37
/9274

CSO; 3400/75

per cent withdrawal of petroleum subsidy. Going by financial experts' opinions, the subsidy withdrawal as at now is

well under 40 per cent due to the depreciation of the naira.

What is most disturbing about this

revelation is that it is difficult, nay impossible, to belWe that the budget

planners were not aware of the new

situation before producing government's target figure for subsidy withdrawal revenue.

Also, NNPC sources indicate that before the end of 1986, the corporation

had recommended a 30 to 50 per cent

increase in the price of petroleum products in order to nullify the effects of

SFEM on the subsidy withdrawal.

In recognition of this fact, the President, Major General Ibrahim Babangida, in his 1987 budget speech warned

that government might be forced to introduce further price adjustments if

smuggling of petroleum products across

the border would not stop.

One economic commentator suggests

that the only way' subsidy can be "killed" off in the long run is to index prices

of petroleum prices to a market determined exchange rate so that prices can

rise and fall as. the market determined

naira rate rises and falls.

In the meantime, much to government's chagrin, the petroleum subsidy

simply refuses to go.

38
REORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION MINISTRY UNDERWAY

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 7 Jan 87 p 9

NIGERIA

[Text] ^^ HE post of a fe(iera[

I director of information in the Ministry of

Information and Culture

has been abolised in a

major' re-organisation

exercise' in the ministry.

Instead, the former acting

federal, director of

information, Mr. J. K.

Bodunde has been

reassigned as director of

the public enlightenment

department.

According to a state*

ment from the office of the

Minister, Mr. Tony

Momoh, the former

assistant director of

public enlightenment Mr.

A. Yakubu has been

named the .director of

domestic publicity and

film production

department.

The external publicity

department, would now be

headed by a former

assistant director of

demestic publicity, Mr. E.

A. Okoh-Esene.

Other changes made

include the appointment

of Mr. C. B. Okhio as head

of the Federal Government Press while Mr. R.

O. Akinola and Mr. P; D,

Akhimieho have been

named deputy government printers.

Seven chief information

officers were promoted to

assistant directors, 10,

chief information officers

changed positions while

four assistant chief

information officers

become acting chief

information officers.

The statement directed

that all handing-over and

taking^over formalities

should be completed in

time' to enable officers

resume their new

positions "on or before

Saturday, January 31. It

said other officers not

affected, by the exercise

should remain in their

positions.

/9274

CSO: 3400/66

39
NIGERIA

FORMER POLITICIAN ON FUTURE POLITICAL CONFIGURATION

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 20 Jan 87 p 1

[Text]

AFORMER secretary

, to the Military

Government and head of

service, Mr. Allison Ayida,

has called for the creation

of 24 states in the country.

Delivering a lecture on

"The ' rise and fall of

Nigeria" at the Jos University, Mr. Ayida said

the mwrimnm number of

states to be established in

the country should not

exceed.M as nurtured by

Generat/Murtala Muhammed before his assassination.

"The late General

Murtala Muhammed had

favoured the creation of

24 states rather than the

present 19 states" he said.

He said General

Muhammed opted for 12

states in the north and 12

in the south with the

former federal territory of

Lagos and the rest of

Lagos merged with Ogun

State, excluding the proposed new Ijebu state.

He said tnat the establishment of a New Cross

River State was a foregone conclusion but that a

powerful lobby group

from Calabar overplayed

its card by insisting that

if the capital was not

retained in' Calabar, it

would rather not have

New Cross River State.

Mr. Ayida further

revealed that the wishes

of the people' were

endorsed twice by the

then Supreme Military

.Council' by a majority

decision:

According to him, the

case for the New Calabar

State was lost partly

because the Katsina lobby

group had, as an afterthought, decided that

Kaduna State should be

split if the Cross River

State was split.

Mr. Ayida maintained

that it would be madness

to consider a 50 state

3tructure for the country.

/9274

CSO, 3400/69

40
NIGERIA

LABOR MINISTER ASKS WORKERS, NLC FOR INDUSTRIAL PEACE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 Jan 87 pp 1, 3

[Article by Suleiman Dangana]

[Excerpt]

MINISTER of Labour,

Brigadier Ike Nwachukwu, has

appealed to workers to

reciprocate Federal Government's tax relief measures and

ensure industrial peace for

higher productivity.

- Speaking at a meeting with the

leadership of the Nigeria Labour

Congress (NLC) in Lagos yesterday, Brigadier Nwachukwu said

apart from-the needfor reciprocity, .the economic condition did

not give room for any flexing of

muscles.

He stated that the Federal

Government considered industrial peace very important to

the economy, adding that 1967

must be a year of consolidation of

gains from the structural adjustment programme.

Brigadier Nwachukwu also

warned that defaulting industrial

unions which failed to render

their financial accounts to the

registrar of trade unions would

henceforth face legal action.

He said a three-month grace

period has been given to such

unions to submit their accounts

failing which the registrar would

institute legal proceedings

against them.

The minister also said steps

would be taken to amend the law

on the renditionof trade union accounts to introduce adequate

penalty for union executives who

fail to render the required accounts. , . ,

He said funds collected from

the hard-earned incomes of

workers should be judiciously

spent and not wasted on the

satisfaction of a few leaders.

Industrial unions, the minister

said, must not leave the problem

of unemployment to the government alone, adding that labour

umon&shouid embark on empioyment generating ventures,

however modest in nature.

/9274

CSO: 3400/71

41
MINES MINISTER ON AJAOKUTA STEEL MILL PROBLEMS

Ikeja NEWSWATCH in English 15 Dec 86 p 37

[Article by Wale Ajao]

NIGERIA

[Text] Bumi Sheriff Musa, minister for

mines, power and steel, has an

important task to perform. He

must see to the successful completion of

Ajaokuta steel project which has gulped

N2.7 billion in the past five years. He was

at Ajaokuta late November to assess progress of work. He met problems but came

back with solutions ticking in his head.

Problem one is inadequate trained manpower. There are 2,400 Soviet experts and

3,000 Nigerians there. But an estimated

workforce of 7,000 is required to make

Ajaokuta work.

Musa told Newswatch that his ministry

"will work out a co-ordinated manpower

training programme. Under the programme, the metallurgical training institute, buttt in 1984 at a cost of N29

million, will commence training of

technical personnel in January." The institute had 11 Soviet personnel who could

train 300 Nigerians in 30 professions in

one year.

In the past four years, the Soviet Union

has trained 650 Nigerian technical personnel. But only 300 of them still work for

the company. Others have left to work

elsewhere. Magaji Inua, general manager

of the company, said they left because of

"poor conditions of service."

Musa promised that government will

look into the conditions of service tn the

light of the prevailing economic situation

in the country. Inadequate accommodation is the second problem. Some 10,000

housing units are almost completed. But

about 1,000 workers are sharing rooms.

Musa promised that government will consider "the possibility of involving the

private sector in the completion of these

houses." The details of how the private

sector will be involved will be worked out

and included in the memorandum for submission to the president.

Problem three was the ltakpe iron ore

to feed Ajaokuta. But that has to be

beneficiated before it can be used. Contract for a beneficiation plant was awarded to JILI, a consortium of French and

German firms, for $85 million. The company was expected to raise funds on its

own to execute the contract but work is

yet to start on the plant.

Problem four was lack of money. This

has affected the implementation of the

Ajaokuta steel programme, originally

scheduled to be completed this year. Some

units such as light section mill and the

medium section mill have been commissioned.

So bad is the financial situation that

Dumez and Fougerolle, two companies

handling civil engineering works, stopped

work in 1984. But the companies resumed

work two months ago after government

paid them through a special counter-trade

agreement.

Under this agreement, the companies

were paid from the sale of quotas of crude

oil allocated to them. The oil was sold by

NNPC and the proceeds paid to the two

companies.

With the package of "fresh proposals"

Musa intends to put forward to government, he is optimistic that Ajaokuta will

be completed on its new completion

schedule of 1989.

/9274

CSO? 3400/77

42
NIGERIA

RIRIWAI MINES CLOSE, IRREGULARITIES ALLEGED

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 25 Jan 87 p 12

[Article by Abubakar Buhari]

[Text] WORK has ground to a halt for two years now

at the Ririwai Minas believed to be one of the

richest mines in the country.

More thm 500 worker», malorltv of whom

»fo indigenes of the area, have been rendered

jpHtesoas 8 result of secession of work.

Alhaji Iliyasu Zakari, have sealed the well from

which the minerals were

extracted.

The most curious aspect

of the activities of Gold

and Base Nig. Ltd. is

that the expatriate staff

•did not reveal the texture

or composition of the

minerals extracted. The

main shaft of the mines

is believed to be 500ft

deep but no black

employee was ever allowed beyond the depth of

300 feet, Alhaji Zakari

said.

Investigations by the

Sunday Triumph at the

mine revealed that after

each blast in the mines,

no staff is allowed into'

the shaft until the

General Manager, Mr.

J.M Strong, had inspected it.

The most suspicious

aspect of the exercise,

our source said, was thai

the precious minerals exthe village head of

Ririwai, revealed this to

the Acting Military

Governor of Kano State,

Li.-Col. Olayinka SviJe,

when the latter visited

the abandoned mines last

Thursday.

Alhaji Zakari said the

abandonment of work at

the mines had affected

adversely the life of the

Kiiiwai inhabitants.

He said work started

at the mines in 1954

when a group of German

expatriates were attracted by mineral

deposits like gold, diamond, copper, zinc,

aluminium and uranium

which had been

discovered there.

Gold and Base Nig.

Ltd., the company which

worked the mine before

it was taken over by the

Nigerian Mining Corporation, was believed to

tractcd were sent

overseas as samples for

laboratory analysis, the

results of which were

never revealed by the

company.

No official of the

Nigerian Mining Corporation was present to

comment on the issue.

Some villagers made it

dear to this reporter that

"three of the expatriates

were involved in very

suspicious deals

culminating in their leaving the country under

suspicious circumstances.

A spokesman for the

villagers, Alhaji

Abubakar,, told the acting governor that the

mine is capable of producing 900 tonnes of tin

daily for 20 years.

The Permanent

Secretary, Ministry of

Commerce and Industry,

Alhaji Gidado Mukhtar,

told the Acting Governor

that recapitalisation of

the mining equipment requires an investment of

about NIOfr. million, ad-,

ding that on the cost

benefit basis, the price of

tin in the world market

has gone down so much

that it is no longer profitable.

/9274

CSO? 3400/71

43
NIGERIA

PLIGHT OF WORKERS, ABILITY TO MAKE ENDS MEET DISCUSSED

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 19 Jan 87 p 7

[Article by Afam Echi Friday]

[Text]

i.T is a sad reality thai

either by design or

accident, ihc Ni^orian

worker of today and even

yester-years lias turned;,

out. to be a sacrificial lamb

of nil government, policies

aimed at achieving a

stable and self-reliant

economy.

Since the era of the

structural adjustment

programme, he has

suffered untold hardship«

ranging from |;, i.,,.

payment, of wages and

salaries, pay nils,

reduction and or removal

of fringe benefits,

retrenchment wilh or

without benefits etc.

As if this is not enough,

the government enacted

an obnoxious decree forbidding the worker from

seeking redress of am

kind from this unjust

treatment. The situation

is the same in both public

and private sectors. Faced

with this helplessly

agonising situation, h(

has become a pawn in iht

hands of our exploitative

industrialists, sorry

capitalists; He could be

bired and fired at will.

It is a taboo to talk of

wage increases ami or

' salary review. In the view

ot ih<; government and

supported by economic

theories, this is to stem,

cost inflation. The

question is how effective

has this policy been? One

unfortunate peculiarity

which the Nigerian society

lias enjoyed is that

economic theories, no

mailer how well

postulated, never worked,

at least for an appreciable

period.

Otherwise, how else can

one explain the sky

rocketling of prices ot

commodities in the last,

one year in spite of the

fifteen months economic

recovery fund deductions

made from workers'

salaries.

Apart from this and in

addition to the tax

"burden, the worker is

indirectly coerced into

making more sacrifices in

form of one kind of

endowment fund, development levies, education

levies, etc, or the other.

Ours is a mixed

economy, though

predominantly capitalist.

Capitalism, we know, is."

associated with free

market. The recently

introduced structural

adjustment programme in

the form of Second-tier

Foreign Exchange

Market (SFRM) is indirect devaluation in practice.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), as a

pre-condition to economic

doldrum, dangled devaluation before us and this,

we turned down.

The effect of SFKM is

to cheapen our exports

and increase our hardship

because, we now exchange

more naira for any

imported product.

To make SFEM achieve

the required impact, the

government instituted the

free market policies, but

with a clamp down on

wages. Why always the

worker? By now it should

hav§ been obvious to the

government that not

wages along, but some

other unidentified factors

are the causes of inflation.

Hut why make the worker

a . scapegoat? But one

jnust ask what positive

effort we have made in

controlling prices and in

checking the activities ol

44
dubious traders who

create artificial scarcity

by way of hoarding. Are

these same traders, like

other workers, making

adequate contribution to

our recovery efforts.

Our Onosodes, the

Okigbos, the Üdojis, the

Nwankwos and their

Adam Smith equivalents

should dust up their textbooks and provide an

answer to this intractable

problem that appears to

have defied all known

solutions. -

Under the SFEM, the

minimum wage theory is

now a farce and car loan is

meaningless. Prices of

goods locally produced

and imported are going

beyong the sky. The days

are gone when a graduate

fresh from the university

'will be basking in the

glory of level H. good

accommodation, a car and

other goodies.

I,cvel III monthly pay

packet run»«« provide

two weeks' meal for an

average lamily, pay their

house rents, clothe them,

meet ihe exorbitant

school fees and other

social responsibililes. T<

some, three square meals

are now a luxury.

the above picture

appears to betray ah

efforts aimed at stamping

out bribery and

corruption, armed

robben, ten percenting.

inflation of contract,

profiteering, duping and

such other social vices.

Whoever and how'

many ever secured the

Nigerian passport .or

installed a meter at the

official rate. Whoever

purchased beer at 75K

liquid contents only. Al

the NITKL, banks, police,

customs, ministries, eic,

the story is the same.

Kvery corner stinks with

corruption.

Battered so much by

problems seemingly

lx>vond his control, the

worker's alternative is

nothing short of anything

that can see him out of the

woods. The above

problems have been

compounded the more by

our planlessness, bad and

corrupt leadership,

negligence, lack of patriotism, tribalism,

dishonesty, selfishness.

immorality, etc.

< )f what value is it to us

in churning out graduates

when we have no employment opportunities for

them. The increased wave

of armed robbery among

our- youths today is

simply a protest action

against an uncaring, bad

and corrupt leadership

and the hopeless and

helpless situation they,

find themselves.

On attaining independence, we practised parliamentary democracy

Ix'queathed to us by our

colonial overlords. When

this dkl not work, we tried

the presidential system.

To some, it is expensive

and could not -work

hecau.se its practitioners

were corrupt and l>ad.

Against 1990, we have

started to look for something indigenous. In the

same manner, il i.* tinsuggestion «if this piece

ilia I we gamble with.

.another economic ideology. Socialism may well

Ix» the way out.

Many exponents of this

system believe it will

avoid the more violent

fluctuations in business

activity, prices and

employment which are

characteristics of the

present 'system, and |H-rhaps taki* us to that

Utopian sijile longed for

by many.

If this did not come of our own accord, we shall then be rest assured in the

thinking of Karl Marx, that great advocate of communism, who believed that one

day the proletariat will revolt, seize the means of production to form the

classless society.

A situation where the worker does not get a fair reward of the cake he has

toiled painstakingly to bake is disheartening and amounts to killing the

goose that lays the golden egg. It creates low productivity and disincentive

to work.

The goverment should take a good look once more at the workers' plight with

a view to improving his situation salary wise. The increased salary will.be

justified in reflecting the economic realities of the present times.

The government should, in addition curb the excesses of middlemen in the distributive trade. The government should help the worker to help the

economy. The earlier the better,

/9274

CSO; 3400/77

45
PRICES OF GOODS CONTINUE TO SOAR IN KADUNA

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 17 Jan 87 p 6

[Article by Sani Babadoko]

NIGERIA

[Text]

PRICES of goods and services

which soared just before the

Christmas and New Year celebrations have remained high in

anticipation of the announced

restoration of fringe benefits to

workers.

Ordinarily, prices of food items

and transport fares returned to

their nomal prices at the begin-,

ning of the New Year but a New

Nigerian survey in Kaduna revealed that prices had not reverted to

their pre-Christmas levels.

Prices of food items had

generally gone up by about 30 per

cent. The 100 kilogramme bag of

rice sells at 150 Naira instead of

120 Naira before Christmas and a

similar bag of beans sells for between 130 and 150 Naira instead of

200 Naira, while a bag of

Semovita sold at 17 Naira instead of its previous 13 Naira.

Vegetable oil still sells at 14

Naira instead of 12 Naira while

the large packet of Omo

detergent sold for 12 naira as

against its previous 9 Naira.

The big bag of wheat flour costs

between G6 and 70 Naira as

against its previous 45 Naira

while a kilogramme of beef remained at nine Naira.

Mr. Christopher Chuku, a

trader told the New Nigerian at

Kaduna Central Market that

though there was liquidity

squeeze "the budget is better

than that of the previous year",

saying that most market women

believed the relief on fringe

benefits, payment of internal

debts as well as expected boost in

paid, employment would make

more money available to consumers "in not too distant

future".

Mr. Emeka Iwuji, another

trader at the Kadunä Central

Market, attributed the high cost

of food items, which had been expected to go down at this time of

the year as a result of the just

concluded harvests, to hoarding

by rich businessmen who went

round to buy those goods from

farmers and hoarded them until a

time of scarcity.

Another reason given by some

market women who requested

anonymity was that middlemen

constituted "a bottleneck between the farmers and consumers".

The women, however, maintained that they too had to make

"our own arrears because

workers too don get increament.''

They also argued that since

transport fares and market levies

had gone up they were left with

only marginal profits.

At the central and Kawo motor

parks the New Nigerian observed

that transport tares Had also gone

up by about 30 per cent on

popular routes.

The fare to Sokoto by a Peugeot

504 station wagon taxi which was

18 Naira before the Christmas, is

now 22 Naira. A driver, Malam

Musa Mohammed, said the fare

for that route reached a record 30

Naira at the peak of Christmas

rush.

The fare to Kano by taxi is now

12 Naira as against 10 Naira

before the Christmas. The fare to

Makurdi is now 25 Naira as

against the previous 20 Naira,

Kaduna to Malumfashi is now

nine Naira as against the

previous four Naira while

Kaduna to Zaria which was three

Naira is now between 3.50 Naira

and four Naira. Kaduna to

Katsina by taxi now attracts 20

Naira as against the previous 18

Naira.

Mr. Chinedu Nweke, a driver

plying the Kaduna-Sokoto route

attributed the rise to the

previously announced price increases and the rising cost of

spare pans.

He explained that the expected

hike in vehicle prices also increased the cost of maintaining

existing ones as mechanics and

spare parts dealers also increase

their charges.

He estimated that he would

have to make "three trips before

I can buy a single tyre and service the car. Before, I could do alt

that with one trip", he added.

He said the high cost of

maintenance had grounded so

many vehicles that "there are

more passengers than vehicles on

some routes", adding "we are in

fire and only God will save us."

/9274

CSO: 3400/69

46
NIGERIA

BABANGIDA LAUNCHES CONSTRUCTION OF KADUNA-KANO ROAD

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 31 Dec 86 p 16

[Article by Conrad Bosah]

[Text]

PRESIDENT Ibrahim

Babahgida has launched

the multi-million

Kano/Kaduna dual-carriage

way^

The road which will run

through Kaduna, Zaria and

Kano would be constructed at a

cost of »175,536,601 .«0 by two

civil engineering companies —

Messrs Sterling (Nig.) Ltd.,

and Borino Prono (Nig.) Ltd.

Sterling (Nigeria) Limited will

jundertake the 114.5 kilometres

Kaduna/Zaria section of the

road while the remaining 108

kilometres to Kano will be.

constructed by Borino Prono

Company Limited.

The presidentjaid that the

road network traverses the

most densely populated statesin the federation (Kaduna and.

Kano) and which are, undoub-;''

tedly, the most industrialised'

urban centres, after Lagos.

He said that one of the most"

persistent complaint of thej

generality of the inhabitants of

those areas, as well as other;

road users, had been that "this1

road is in the mostignoble state

of disrepair and that

government should do

something about it and as the

complaint; became more

persistent and loud, this

administration redoubled its

efforts to satisfy their yearnings,, marking the end of yearsi

of uncertainty, frustration and)

•unfulfilled expectations."

The president remarked that,

the federal' government had

invested billions of naira on:

existing roads.

He said< that during^the

current fiscal year, contracts«

worth about »350 mülir- -re

awarded by the fer* *rn-

,ment for the • ...menance,

.repairs and rehactlitation of

federal highways and bridges

'throughout the country.

President Babangida said

that this became necessary due

itp sharp drop in maintenance

'vote from »180 million in 1981

ito between »49.50 million in

;the period 1983 to 1985, the

jperiod which witnessed glaring

deterioration in the Condition

W' roads in the -country as. a

whole.

The president said that as

necessary: compremani to in«-

overall efforts'fit revamping the

economy in the area of road

'transport, his administration

also accorded top priority to

the development of rural

roads, under the administration's rural . development

programme.

/9274

CS0: 3400/65

47
NIGERIA

GOVERNMENT RESTORES LEAVE, TRANSPORT ALLOWANCES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 9 Jan 87 p 1

t

Text 3 FEDERAL Govenrment has

approved the restoration of

some of the fringe benefits

suspended in 1984.

This was contained in a circular issued in Lagos by the

Office of the Head of the Civil

Service of the Federation.

Transport allowance for officers on Grade level 12 and

above is now 55.50 Naira as

against the 37 Naira.

Officers on Grade level 9 to

11 will receive 45 Naira instead, of 30. .Naira, Those on

Grade level seven and 8 will

be paid 35.75 Naira as against

22.50 Naira while officers on

Grade level", one to six will get

30 Naira instead of 15 Naira.

On leave grants the circular

explained that officers on

grade level. 8 to 17 who had

earlier been paid 96 Naira will

now receive 192 Naira.

Those on level 4—7 will be

entitled to 160 Naira while officers on Grade level; 1—3 will

receive 128 Naira.

A new rate of allowance of

10 kobo per kilometre has also

been approved as motor-c\cie

allowance.

All other fringe benefits provided or cancelled in 1984 remain unchanged.

Tin- new benefits took effect

from the first of this month,

(he circular said.

/9274

CS0: 3400/67

48
NIGERIA

FLIGHTS TO PORT HARCOURT AIRPORT SUSPENDED

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Dec 86 p 13

[Text] ALL flight» to Port

Harcoort Airport

have bam «upended withimmedieteeffjct,

Reeeon: Ite runaway is

in a terrible atata of dee»

repahv

A notice at the cabin

crew centre ofthe Mortals

Mohammed Airport

stated that ell flight« to

the Port Harcoort Airport

were suspended till

farther nottoo.

It was gathered yesterday that Nigeria Airways

flight WT100 snd 102 to

Port . Harcoort were

cancelled yesterday

morning, As a result

hundreds of Port

Harcoort bound paasengenweneteandedyesterday at the Mortala

Mohammed Airport.

At 7 pjn. yesterday two

flight» WT 106 and 104 to

Port Hareonrt had been

Deity Times gathered

yesterday that the morning flights to Port

Hareonrt cooid not lend

becanse of the bad runway. The flight», sonrcee

seid, were diverted to

Lagos bat on the protest

of peesengere the aircraft

later landed at Enogo, a

point the passengers

described es nearer to

tfeetrdaetmatian.

Contacted, Airways

.^»«ging director. Sir

Commodore Anthony

Okpere, eaid he was still

to receive a report on the

matter. The managing

director of the Nigerian

Airports Anthority,

Group Captain Bolaji

Datvid, could not be reached for comments

yesterday..

/9274

CSOj 3400/73

49
AIRSTRIP FOR YANKARI GAME RESERVE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 7 Jan 87 p 16

NIGERIA

[Text] THE Yankari Game Reserve

and Tourism Company Ltd is to

construct a 200,000 Naira airstrip

at Yankari in Bauchi State to attract more tourists and boost

revenue,the company's managing Dijrector, Mr. Lanre

Awoseyin, said in Yankari.

Speaking on* the company's

plans, Mr. Awoseyin tow the

Mews. Agency of Nigeria (NAN)

that work on the airstrip would

begin soon and would be completed in 10 months.

He said although the project's

estimatedcost was 200,00»Naira,

the company intended to construct tne airstrip by direct

labour as this would bring down

costs to less than one-third of

200,000-Naira.

Mr. Awoseyin said since he:

assumed office in October last

year the company had been cutting; costs by abandoning contracts and using direct labour to,

achieve its objectives.

According to Mr. Awoseyin, the

management of the reserve hadembarked on the construction of

two standard tennis courts

valuedat 35,000 Naira.

He said the state governemnt

had also awarded a contract for

the building of a squash hall, as

part of its efforts to make the

reserve more attractive to

tourists, by expanding recreational facilities.

He said the management was

also planning to build a golf

course andthatit hadalready approached v some companies to

sponsor the project.'

He added that it was the desire

of the management of thereserve

to provide a wide range of sporting facilities: to make the game

reserve a profit-oriented venture.

Towards this end, he said, "we

are planning to introduce a motor

rally similar to the East African

Safari rally in Kenya".

- "Yankari Game Reserve is a

gold mine and when the motor-

,rally takes off, it will be the

greatest thing to happen to

tourism in this country', Mr.

Awoseyin said.

/9274

CSO? 3400/66

50
INFORMATION MINISTER DEFENDS DEFENSE BUDGET

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 8 Jan 87 p 9

NIGERIA

[Text] f*jm HE current alloc*

f fcion of M717.7fl0.000

Co*Defence Ministry is.in

order, Information Minister, Mr. Tony Momoh,

said in Lagos yesterday.

He said, Nigeria as the

largest and most populous

country in Africa could

not afford to be. caught

napping should any war

breakout.

Mr. Momoh who» was

speaking, to the DailyTimes in an interview said

it was absurd for anyone

to critkise'the allocation

considering the fact that

Nigeria occupies the number one position in Africa

todayV.

He pointed out that

"Nigeria being the number one country in Africa

and the place where you

have'the largest concentration of black people, on

earth should be in a position to defend its rights

and territorial integrity"

He said, "anywhere in

the world today, you don't

just defend by words of

mouth, you defend with

arms and nobody can

deny that Nigeria needs a

very strong army".

Mr. Momoh pointed out

that although, he was not

a war monger, "I am only

saying that the best way

to maintain peace is to

prepare for war".

.He remarked that the

defence got less thanwhet

it was given last year.

Mr. Momoh argued that

a large percentage of the

budgetary allocation to

defence goes in for salary,

pensions and other gratuities of retired and serving

men and officers.

"The amount is not

high but the fact is that it

has' te relate to our resources;-and »t is because

it relates to resouces that

you have some people

sayingitishigh"

Also speaking on the

same issue, a member of

the Armed Forces Ruling

Council (APRC) Colonel

David Mark stated'that

the vote granted defence

was not as high as people

think.

/9274

CSO: 3400/66

51
NIGERIA

FORMER AIR CHIEF ON DEFENSE BUDGET, MILITARY NEEDS

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 20 Jan 87 pp 1. 3

[Article by Emman Okon]

[Text]

A FORMER Chief of Air

Staff, Afr Vice-Marshal

John Yfsa-Dofco (rtri), has

seid tue. increase 19 thJSt

year's defence budget

would be lustlfiett only If

'much emphasis was

placed on the maintenance of our weapons,

provision of basic infrastructure and training of military personnel.

He told the New Nigerian III

Kadwta that It served no purpose If the Ministry of

Defence continued to buy

sophisticated military equipment which could hot be

repaired by local technicians

whenever they broke down.

He added that buying "an

equipment Which has little or

no chance of repairs could only be equated to buying a

sophisticated video machine

Which could not be repaired."

He 'said effective

maintenance system would

conserve 'our foreign exchange and minimise waste of

our scarce resources.

Marshal Yisa-Doko said the

Ministry of Defence should order

the Defence Industries Corporation (DIC) and also commission

some local manufacturers

through the advice of Manufacturers' Association of Nigeria

(MAN) to produce some of OUE

military hardware: and: equipment such as metallic components, plastics, and fabrics.

He asked: "Why should the

Ministry of Defence continue to

import minor military needs like

textile materials, boots, batons

blankets, mattresses etc, for our

military needs?"

He argued that there was no

point importing these items

which could be produced locally

and that over-dependence on

foreign technicians to maintain

our military equipment should be

discouraged because "they are

agents of the manufacturing

companies of these equipment in

disguise, who are all out there to

make a gold mine from our country".

Marshal Yisa-Doko advisedthat rather than keep on importing our needs, we should learn to

copy technical ideas from other

countries such as India. Some of.

these countries "crudely"

fabricate their equipment needs

which worked effectively.

He said if our local manufacturers were given the chance to

prove themselves in manufacturing most of our local needs, the

logical effect would be that

employment would be generated

because these industries would

employ most of the unemployed

persons in the country.

He also wondered why the

private sector could buy and put

to use some military items which

have been written-off as Beyond

Economic Repairs (B.E;R:), ad*

ding that this showed that these

items were reparable.

He advised the Ministry of

Defence to project maintenance

of its existing facilities as the

main cardinal point of the budget

"ifwe are to boost and strengthen

our defence and help our

economy recover the way we

want."

/9274

CSO; 3400/70

52
NIGERIA

KOSHONI ON RATIONALIZATION OF NAVAL MANPOWER NEEDS

Lagos DAILY TIMES In English 22 Dec 86 p 24

[Text] T"1HE Chief of Naval

JL Staff, Rear Admiral

Patrick Koshoni, said in ,

Lagos at the week-end *"**»» the country would

that plans were under way be costsaving,

to invite naval experts to He announced that in

train men of the navy o» the new year, the navy

the use, production of and would embark on

maintenances of them rationalisation of it» manvarious equipment in tha power requirements to

country. helP

in

«"«sting abalance

in specialised- areas

Speaking at the naval related töitsoperations,

•«nd-of-year. cocktail, Rear Rear-Admiral Koshoni

Admiral Koshoni said said: that inadequate

that- bjr conducting resources was one of the

additional operational and constraints ofthe navy,

maintenance training and! . On the relations betretraininy of trainer» ween the navy and the

public in Lagos area. Rear

Admiral Koshoni noted

that there was still a lot of

scope forimprovement.

He said that the navy

would: impose a stricter

code of social behaviour

among its men.in order to

evolve the- proper; atmosphere for increased level

of cordiality.

He said that the

Nigerian Navywa» more

than ever capable of

defending the country.

The naval chief,

however, said that

financial contraints, due

to the- ailing" economy,

were the navy's headache.

He said because of the

reason,- emphasis would

be shifted to areas

demanding the greatest

attention.

/9274

CSOs 3400/72

53
NIGERIA

COMMANDANT ON LACK OF COOPERATION AMONG SECURITY BODIES

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 22 Dec 86 p 16

[Article by Augustine Madu^West]

[Text]

"T1 HE commandant of the

* Immigration Training

School, Kano, Alhaji M.A.

Fika, has decried what he

described as a "silent but

confrontational war existing

among the various security

organisations in the country."

This situation,, he said, w?s

responsible tor the shaky

security of the country.

The commandant who maAethe remarks at the occasicn

marking the graduation- of

senior immigration officers,

after their three-month basic

course in Kano, noted that

security agents, like the army,

police, customs and

immigration, hardly see or

work together as a team when

drafted- .to a particular

location.

According to him»* rather

*han work as ä team for better

achievements, the security

agents find joy in engaging one

another in an open rivalry,

disagreement and, at times,

re orted to violence.

He saw such a situation as

being responsible for the poor

security of the nation as one

security organisation would

not be prepared to supplement

the efforts of the other and give

expert advice in its area of

specialization.

Alhaji Fika then advised

them to join hands and work

harmoniously so as to

strengthen their operation for

the purpose of achieving the

desired goal.

He reminded them that they

were drafted, to the borders,

seaports, airports and other

strategic locations because of

the Federal Government's

commitment towards the

security of the nation and the

maintenance of peace.

Commenting also, the

Acting Director of

Immigration Services, Mr I.N.

Gama, enjoined them to be

honest, hardworking, loyal and

courteous in the discharge of

their duties.

He expressed the hope that

the three-month course would

help them to contribute their

quota in the nation's struggle

for political and economic

survival.

/9274

CSO? 3400/75

54
NIGERIA

NAVY TO TRAIN WEAPONS PERSONNEL LOCALLY

Kaduna SUNDAY NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Dec 86 p 1

[Article by Olu Adebayo]

[Text] THE Navy is making arrangements,to invite overseas

suppliers o€ its weapons

systems to train Nigerian personnel locally.

The training programme

would involve additional

operational and maintenance

training and re-training of

naval officers and the training

of trainers for deployment to

the Navy's shore training

establishments.

Chief of Naval Staff, KearAdmiral-Patrick. Kostioni who

disclosed this during the

recently held end of1year

cocktail at the Western Naval

Command, Apapa, said that

the approach would be more

cost-effective in view of the

present inadequate resources.

He said that although, the

navy siill sent its men on

specific training courses

abroad, the ultimate target

was to completely indigenize

its entire basic and professional training programmes

•as soon as possible.

Admiral Koshoni stated that

having acquired additional

strength and a better articulated concept of operations, "much more confidence

has now been generated in our

ability to discharge this

statutory role more el let

lively."

He said however that there

were some "gaping holes' to

be filled in terms of more

strategies as well as tactical

know-how to further enhance

the Navy's ability and operational state of readiness.

He also called for improved

relations between the Navy

and civilians especially in the

Lagos area.

The party attracted top

military officers, including

Minister of Defence, Maj-Gen.

Domkat Bali. Chief of Army

•Staff Maior General Sani

Abacna. commander

(Western Naval Command.)

Commodore Murtala Nyako

and federal ministers.

/9274

CSO: 3400/74

55
ABACHA WARNS MEDIA ON MILITARY, GOVERNMENT TREATMENT

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 15 Jan 87 pp 1, 3

NIGERIA

[Text]

THE nations mass media

Tuesday got a vague warning

from the military administration "not to bethe first" to

dstract its attention from its

avowed policies.

Chief of Army Staff, MajorGeneral Sanni Abacha said in

Lagos on Tuesday that the

military in government and

the mass media as the watchdog of the society could not

afford to dissipate their

energies and talents on

fruitless confrontation.

Complaining about stories

which he said had been carried that tended to embarrass

the army in particular and the

Federal Military Government, "all in the race of scooping exclusives."

General Abacha said the

media and ' the. government

should not be opponents but

rather "joint partners in the

great task of nation building

and progressive development

of Nigeria."

The Chief of Army Staff's

message was read by

Brigadier Y. Y. Kure, Director of Army Staff Duties, at

the end-of-year party for the

media by the Army Public

Relations Department,

popularly called" "WASA"

which attracted fairly large

gathering of journalists,

especially defence correspondents.

Blaming such publications

on those he referred to as lazy

reporters who were always

"waiting at the corner for

government hand bills,"

General Abacha did not hide

the fact that the administration had been unduly tolerant

because of its human rights

posture.

According to him, "we have

continued to keep mum simply

because of the administration's arded belief that the

people have a right to be informed."

He said it was the view of

the Babangida administration

that any gag in the free flow of

intelligent reports and information through the media to

the citizenry constituted a

threat to a stable press and the

media generally.

He called on the media to

join hands with the military

administration in creating and

sustaining a new order of purposeful and productive living.

"It is the conviction and indeed the ardent belief of this

administration that so far as

institutional progress of a people is concerned, Nigeria's

salvation lies in the hands of

the mass media as much as

government functionaries,"

he said.

He called on the media "to

shed the garb of speculative

journalism" and engage

themselves in investigative

and analytical journalism in

order to feed the people with

the correct information.

He said while the administration was busy working out

the modalities for better living

for all Nigerians, culminating

in Second-tier Foreign Exchange Market (SFEM) and

the 1987 budget, the Press had

a responsibility to analyse thesteps taken and correctly inform the people on how these

affected them.

According to General

Abacha, "an acceptable

degree of performance could

be achieved when a democratic society like ours operates

on a harmonious basis and the

citizenry possess information

which would enable them to

operate the government in an

enlightened fashion

/9274

CSO? 3400/68

56
CIVILIANS ASKED TO COOPERATE WITH ARMED FORCES

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 30 Dec 86 p 2

[Article by Jonathan Emereole]

NIGERIA

[Text] NIGERIANS should assist

the Armed Force* in their task:

to defend the nation by giving

information about unusual,

movement of people- in- their

localities, a member of the

Armed Forces.Ruling Council;

(AFRC), has said.

Air Commodore' Nurudeen

Yusuf, madethü/call at the end

of the first leg of his two-day

tour of tactical air command

units, in Lagos over the weekend.

Air Commodore Yusufis the

Air Officer Commanding-

(AOQ Nigerian Air , Force

Tactical Air Command.

The AOC who was responding- to questions - on the

reported plan by South Africa

to attack military and oil

locations in" the country,

asserted that both the military

and civilians had roles to play

in defending the country.

The Armed' Forces; ,he

stressed, only had the bigger

part of the role; because ithad

to be in the forefront of the

country's defence outfit.

He opined that civilians

could make meaningful

contributions towards the same

goal, by letting out valuable

information to the country's

armed forces, adding, that they

had easier access to such

information. • • Commodore Yusuf whorhad

visited other units under his

command throughout the

federation, -said he was

satisfied with his findings.

According to him,-, the

command's arsenal is in good

shape, while officers and men.

who operate them are in high

spirits.

He described ihe Tactical.

Air Command, as trie "teeth of

the armed forces", stressing'

that the air force was ready to

repulse any tir*»t" to the

country'ssecuniv;

The AFRC member

disclosed that BIS command

was currently living relief

materials to Malabo,

Equatorial Guinea, and that

some of the aircraft in its

arsenal fly 16 hours non stop.

Every air field in the country

he said, "is the concern of the

air force," adding "we are

fully prepared."

Commodore Yusuf also said

that adequate measures had

been taken to strengthen

defence outfits a^ those

locations said to have been

marked for attack by South

Africa.

/9274

CSO: 3400/65

57
NIGERIA

PHYSICIST ON ABILITY TO PRODUCE SOPHISTICATED WEAPONS

Lagos THE AFRICAN GUARDIAN in English 22 Jan 87 p 34

[Interview with Dr Benjamin Chukwuka Nwosu, former director of research and

education, by Ashikiwe Adione-Egom and Okey Ndibe on 6 Jan 87; place not

specified]

[Text]

SEVENTEEN years ago this January, the Nigerian civil war was

broughtto an end. During the war, Biafran scientists designed and developed

several weapons, the most dreaded of

which was Ogbnnigwe. Dr. Benjamin

Chukwuka Nwosu, a nuclear physicist,

was the Director of Research who

led the team of. scientists. Dr. Nwosu

who retired recently as Director of

Education in the Federal Ministry of

Education hasset up a consultancy company: Research and Development Limited. Senior Writers Ashikiwe Adioner

Egom and OkeyNdibe interviewed him

January 6~f987, on Nigeria's technological development, military armament,

and Nigeria's response to the South African threat, among others. Excerpts:

The African Guardian: How do you

view the direction of technological development in Nigeria?

Dr. Nwosu: After years of teaching

science, using it in the world and formulating policy in the ministry, it has become clear to me that the government

and our people have not yet understood

the notion ofself-reliance in the area of

science and technology. They look at

self-reliance only from the economic

perspective. For instance they don't

understand it as something which, quite

frankly, was one of the major achievements of the scientists and engineers

who worked with me during the civil

war. And the key to that kind of

achievement is mental emancipation.

Let me illustrate what I mean by mental emancipation. If you ask the average

Nigerian scientist or engineer to produce a bottle of Coca-Cola, he would

spend time to give you 20 to 30

reasons why it is difficult to produce

Coca-Cola. He would ignore the task of

producing Coca-Cola and solving the

problems involved. But solving problems is a habit that we learnt because of

the experience of the war.

Mental emancipation means having

enough confidence that we can do these

things. Some are already showing this

spirit but we need a national orientation

towards it.

Do the necessary and sufficient conditions exist for the emergence ofthis mental emancipation you talk about?

This question was raised at a

seminar at the Command and Staff

College, Jaji in 1983. The crude answer

is that necessity is the mother of invention. A country like Nigeria is not a

ipoor country in the African or Third

World context. If we wait till we are

,down and out, then we'll remain stuck.

|My feeling is that it has to be induced.

.All these austerity measures are

attempts to induce this necessity and create the desired mental orientation. But

you can't induce me to eat bread made

of cassava if I am aware you are eating

wheat bread. I told the officers at

Jaji that if we must induce the mental

attitude, the rules must apply down

58
the line; it must be something the government must be committed to.

Other necessary conditions must also

be there. The leadership of the country

must identify that there is a crisis. And

there is a crisis in Nigeria because we

can't keep our graduates adequately

employed. So there is the need to develop tools and implements; say, for

farming, so the graduates can cope.

Whatspecific contribution can indigenous scientists make towards Nigeria's

armament industry?

The past military rulers had gone in

for sophisticated weapons, obviously

because of the oil boom era. It seems at

the moment that the trend is not easily

reversible. In a few seminars 1 have participated in, the only concession they

were willing to make is in the area of

maintenance. I don't agree with this

strategy.

As soon as possible I'll welcome a

review of this strategy for a compromise

which I call parallel development. The

first phase is that they keep what they

have and establish local maintenance

capacity like foundries, machine tools

and other industrial machinery. This

they have conceded they would like to

do.

In the area of protecting our borders,

there's a lot that can be done locally to

develop capability for such defence.

And I don't see why we can't develop,

locally, heat-seeking-rockets with

which to secure our borders.

In view of the rumoured South African plan to invade Nigeria, what can be

done locally to meet the threat?

What we can do is to design defensive

weaponry unknown to the friends of

South Africa. And we have the capability to develop defensive weapons unknown to South Africa. And if they

threaten to carry the aggression to our

borders, they must not forget that the

Frontline States, which are our friends,

ring them round.

Nigeria has the manpower for what

I'm talking about. You need to know

the amount of (Nigerian) manpower in

the United States. They will come

home at half theirsalary if they feel they

are working for a country that appreciates them. Some of them are working in

very sensitive places for the US government.

When people talk of South Africa

threatening us, of course, it is the law of

the survival of the fittest. And containing the threat is not a matter of buying

Jaguar planes from Britain which they

are much acquainted with. But if you

challenge them with crude weaponsthat they know nothing about, they will

respect you.

/9274

CSO? 3400/73

59
NIGERIA

NAVAL OFFICERS RECEIVE EXEMPLARY CONDUCT AWARDS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 9 Jan 87 pp 1-2

[Text] EIGHT SeniorNaval Officers were -

yesterday in Lagos

awarded the "Command at Sea" badges

for exemplary conduct by the Chief of

Naval Staff, RearAdmiral Patrick

Koshoni.

The officers

decorated with the

awards are the Flag

Officer Commanding

Western Naval Command, Commodore

Murtala .Nyako,

Commodore Frankling Nesiama, Principal .Staff Officer

Western Naval Command, Navy Captain

Saluudcen Akano,

Commander Naval

Base Warri and Navy

Captain Rufus

l-yitayo.

Others are Commodore Andrew Okoja, Commander of the

Navy's oldest

Warship, NNS

Obuma, Cdr. Victor

Ombu, Executive Officer of NNS Aradu

and Cdr. Adeyemi

Afolahan, "and the

Commander of the

Navy Air Station,

Ojo, among others.

Commodore

Franklin Nesiama,

who stood in for

Commodore Nyako

at the decoration

ceremony described

the award as a great

achievement.

He said that

although withdrwal

was no! specified in

Naval regulations, the

recipients', were expected to set very high

examples to their

subordinates so that they would not question the rationale for the award.

Commodore Nesiama told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that the award was

for exemplary conduct by the officers in handling ships under their command.

He said that "professional efficiency during tenure of command in the maintenance of systems on board the ship were considered before making the award.

/9274

CSOf 3400/67

60
NIGERIA

SPACE RESEARCH CENTER COMMISSIONED AT UNIVERSITY

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 28 Dec 86 p 10

[Text] Independent Africa's first Space Research Centre was on Wednesday,

December 3, 1986, commissioned by the Owelle of Onitsha, Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe,

after whom it was named.

It was a special occasion for Dr Azikiwe,

At the launching of an endowment fund in 1978, Dr Azikiwe donated «100,000

for research into space technology and astronomy.

Professor Chimere Ikoku, the Vice Chancellor of the University of Nigeria,

said in a welcoming speech that the completion of the space research centre

project was yet another realisation of the dreams of the founding fathers

of the university.

But the person who made what may be called the keynote address at the occasion,

was the chairman of the Implementation and Planning Committee of the Centre,

Professor S, E, Okoye,

In his own speech, Dr Azikiwe had called on the Federal Government to harness

the potentials of the centre for the country's technological advancement.

Professor Okoye said that the donation made by Dr Azikiwe was a challenge to

Nigerian Scientists which spurred them on to prove their mettle.

Calling on Nigerian leaders in all walks of life to encourage the advancement

of the basic sciences, he regretted the phenomenon of paying mere lip service

to scientific and technological progress.

The federal government, he said, should follow the examples of advanced nations like the United States of America where its remarkable achievements in

space research and exploration was the response of American scientists to a

presidential challenge.

Prof Okoye said Nigeria could become "part of global network of radio telescope.., if fund was made available to provide the centre with four radio

receivers,"

Calling on the federal and state governments to give moral and financial

assistance to the [word indistinct].

/9274

CSO? 3400/73 61
NIGERIA

CONCERN EXPRESSED OVER EXPATRIATES LEAVING UNIVERSITIES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 20 Jan 87 pp 1, 3

[Article by Yusuf Ozi Usman]

[Text] EXODUS of expatriate teaching staff of the Bayero University, Kano (BUK) is threatening

the existence of some of the institution's faculties.

The faculties of law, medicine,

science, social and management

sciences as well as technology

are worst hit

The Vice-Chancellor, Professor

Dandatti Abdulkadir, said at the

convocation of the university on

Saturday that virtually the entire

staff of a particular nationality

had departed en-masse.

He said many ofthe teaching

staff recruited: for the current

session had not turned up

because most of them were

frightened by the foreign ex*

change rate.

The vice-chancellor said it was

now very difficult to keep to the

tradition of the university where

a cream of men from higher institutions were employed from all

over the world, since the Secondtier Foreign Exchange Market

(SFEM) began.

He noted that the reaction of

theex{ntr2ate»wA*tqorientui$

able, adding that if they must

employ their servicethey have to

pay for it.

"There is no use pleading for

home remittance to be allowed

through, the first-tier market, for

the gap between the tiers is getting narrower," he argued.

He added that the authority

was not asked to increase the

percentage of salary remittable

because the high cost of living

meant that there was little or

nothing left to transfer home.

According to Professor Abdilkadir, the only alternative was

for the government to raise the

value of the Nigerian expatriate

supplementation scheme and to

expand the development areas

currently covered by this.

He also said the faculty of

medicine would introduce a

community-oriented medical

programme, using the community as a case-study for health problems and needs.

Professor Dandatti said the

programme was designed to produce doctors able to practise as

primary care physicians in any

part of the country.

He. said government had offered the Aminu Kano Memorial

Hospital as the nucleus of the

university's teaching hospital

complex.

The vice-chancellor said the

university had received 2.6

million Naira of the six1 million

Naira rehabilitation fund earmarked for it by the Federal

Government and appealed for the

release of the balance to complete the projects it had embarked upon.

/9274

CSO: 3400/70

62
NIGERIA

NUJ ASKS SECURITY TO STOP IMPERSONATING JOURNALISTS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 12 Jan 87 p 7

[Text] The River State Council of the Nigerian Union of Journalists has

warned the State Security Service (SSS) to desist from Impersonating as

journalists in its undercover activities.

In a letter in Port Harcourt addressed to the Rivers State Director of SSS

with reference number NUJ/RS/MISC/28/03/96 dated December 18, 1986 and signed

by the state secretary to the NUJ,, Mr Samuel Iyoyo, the union alleged that

SSS officers have been impersonating journalists.

Attached to some media organs to receive either speeches or information

materials to the detriment and embarrassment of legitimate journalists.

"As a union, while we do not stop any organisation from carrying out its

legitimate functons, we strongly detest and condemn this act of impersonation

capable of denting the image of journalists and the Nigeria Union of Journalists, the union explained,

The letter further accused SSS agents of engaging in unethical practice which

on many occasions some officers have been apprehended by NUJ officials and

cautioned,

/9274

CSO: 3400/68

63
NIGERIA

CATHOLIC COUNCIL ISSUES COMMUNIQUE ON SHARIA COURT QUESTION

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 20 Dec 86 pp 1, 16

[Text] The imposition of Sharia Court of Appeal on the new Federal Capital

Territory, Abuja, or any "subterranean" attempt to deny Nigeria of its secular standing, could adversely affect the unity, peace and political stability of the country.

This was contained in a 16-point communique issued by the Roman Catholic Laity

Council of Nigeria at the end of its first congress and the 15th annual conference in Enugu, Anambra, State.

The communique which was jointly signed by the council's national president,

Professor G, A, Ojo, and its secretary-general, Mr D. D. Dodo, advised the

federal government to be aware of the dangers posed to the political stability of the country if the secularity of the country was overtly or covertly

tampered with.

The council also observed that religious affiliations or considerations

should not be the dominant factor in making government appointments, adding

that no religious group should enjoy favours, at the expense of others.

Earlier, at the opening of the four-day conference, the state military governor, Group Captain Sampson Emeka Omeruah, said that "history and posterity

will not judge us right, if we fail to appreciate the contributions of the

Catholic Mission in the fields of education and health-care delivery."

Governor Omeruah promised that the state government would continue to cooperate with the churches, so as to complement its effort in this regard.

/9274

CSO; 3400/74

64
BANKS DIRECTED TO TARGET MANUFACTURING IN MAKING LOANS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 6 Jan 87 p 9

NIGERIA

[Text] COMMERCIAL banks

have been.-directedto

grant at least 35* per cent

of their total loans for this

year to the manufacturing

enterprises.

Similarly, the merchant

banks should grant at

least 40 per cent of their'

aggregate loans to this

sector.

Such manufacturing enterprises which include

agro-allied industries

would, however not

involve mining, quarrying

and- construction which

were included in last year's

guidelines.

The directive is

contained in the Central.

Bank's policy guidelines

for this fiscal year just

released to the banks,

excluding the specialised

ones.

The guidelines also

stipulate that banks

should grant between 10

and 15 per cent of the

loans to agricultural'

production while the

remaining 50 per , cent

should be directed to

other sectors.

The Central Bank also

directed that the loans

should be in two

categories of medium and

long terms with the"

medium term loans

maturing after three

vears.

A maximum of 20 per

cent of the loans and

advances should be shortterm ones maturing

within 12 months.

On loans to rural

borrowers, the Central

Bank prescribed that

total loans and advances

in the rural areas shall not

be lessthan 40 per cent o£

total deposits mobilised

by theirrural branches.

Loans to small-scale

industries with turn-over

not exceeding N500.000

should not be less than 16

ber cent of a bank's total

loans .and advances to

outstanding small-seal»

enterprises wholly; owned

by Nigerians«: the CBN

directed.

Any bank whose loam

and advances fall short of

the stipulated minimum

target shall be requested

to deposit, the shortfall

with-the: Central Bank-:

which, will in turn, make

such funds available to

the Nigerian Bank for

Commerce and Industry

for lending* to small scale

snteiTjnfl0B»

/9274

CSO: 3400/66

65
FARMERS UNHAPPY WITH LOW PRODUCER PRICES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 8 Jan 87 p 13

[Article by Aliyu Modibbo]

NIGERIA

[Text] FARMERS in the country are

most unhappy because while

farm labour is very expensive,

the price of farm produce are too

low, Alhaji Nuhu Bamalli the

Magajin Garin Zazzau has said.

He said Farmers particularly,

those in the north go farming

because they have no alternative

means of livelihood.

Alhaji Nuhu said that their

position was such that, while the

production cost of one bag of

grain stood at 100 Naira, the

farmer sells it for 30 Naira in the

open market.

Alhaji Nuhu Bamalli, the

former chairman of Kaduna

Local Government said, that the

only salvation for Nigeria's

economy is farming and appealed to the National Council of

Nigerian Farmers to put more

pressure on the federal government to come to the aid of the

farmers.

The Magajin Garin Zazzau also

appealed to the federal government to look for international

market for our surplus maize,

cotton, groundnut, millet and all

other crops after satisfying the

country's need.

He said that government's inability to find alternative market

for the farmer's produce had

made them lo be at the mercy of-.

the unscrupulous middlemen.

He said that the government

should not purchase grains from

farmers and dump them to rot

away as it was the case now.

Alhaji Baballi called on the

federal government not to increase the prices of agricultural

imputs, to kill agricultural productivity in the country.

He commended the efforts of

the National Council of Nigerian

Farmers for struggling to better

the life of the famrers of this

country.

He appealed to the federal

government lo give both moral

and financial support to the

farmers council to enable it lunclion properly.

/9274

CSO: 3400/67

66
DEATHS FEARED IN RIVERINE COMMUNITY CLASH

Enugu WEEKLY STAR in English 18 Jan 87 p 16

NIGERIA

[Article by Rex Okechukwu]

[Text]

AT least 10 persons are

feared dead following a

dash which broke out in two

riverine communities in BendelState.

The place* are Abalagada

in Ndokwa local government

area aiid Oko in OshimiH local

government area.

According to reports, many

people, including women and

children; are now* receiving

treatment in the health

institutions in the towns

fallowing injuries received

during the incidents.

At Abalagada. the report

said the row sparked off when

a cattle rearer allegedly shot

a tennager who was detailed

by his father to inspect some

traps set in the bush for wfld

It was understood that one

of the trapa caught a cow

helenging to the nomads and

itlaser died.

Consequently, one of its

rearers took «over in the

bush waiting for the poeaible

owner ofthe trap.

Informed sources said the

cattle rearer pushed the dead

cowonto?ofthe boy whe&fce

«opart« said that whoa the

boy's father saw the sight, he

set for revenge and allegedly

killed two nomads before he

was «hot.

Fdtowtnt the develop»

meat* the natives resolved

that the cattle rearers and

their numerous cows should

moveout oftheir territory.

the people, who are

predominantly * farmen, had

maintained thatparcels of land

available in the* zone were

usually for agricultural

purposes, and maintained that

«razing on them would be

detrimental to their

occupation:

And at Oko, a farmer was

allegedly shot dead on his farm

by a member of a different

group of nomadic cattle

rearers.

When the Wetkly Star

visited the communities;

several groups of cattle were

seen- being driven out by the

herdsmen who reacted'

obtrusively to questions.

Meanwhile, a team1 of

homicide detectives of the state

command -nas vuuca tne

affected places for inquiries.

A senior police officer at

Ndokwa. told me that efforts

would be made to unearth thecircumstances surrounding the

incident.

/9274

CSOs 3400/70

67
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

ILLEGAL MINING IN PLATEAU—Illegal mining of precious stones such as emerald

and aqua marine is still flourishing in the Keffi Local Government area of

Plateau State despite government measures. A Daily Times investigation showed

that illegal miners taking advantage of the Christmas relaxed atmosphere,

invaded the mines using the most crude methods. Africa's representative of

the International Mining Federation, Mr Adekunle Laniyan, who spoke to the

Daily Times in an interview in Jos, suggested that the Ministry of Mines,

Power and Steel should handle applications by mining companies for prospecting licences with despatch to discourage illegal mining. He said that undue

bureaucratic delays in obtaining prospecting licences had been found to encourage illegal mining as well as frustrate potential applicants. [Text]

[Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Dec 86 p 24] /9274

HIGHWAY TOLLS INSTITUTED—Tolls are to be charged on seven major highways in

the country. They include Lagos-Ibadan Expressway, Shagamu-Benin Highway,

Calabar-Itu-Ikot-Ekpene Road, Jalingo-Numan-Biu Road, and Otukpo-Makurdi

Road, Others are Benin-Irua-Auchi-Kwara State border road and Lagos-Badagry

Road, The Chief of General Staff, Rear Admiral Augustus Aikhomu, announced

this at a press briefing yesterday. He said that government's target was to

protect the huge investment in the highway sector by maintaining, rehabilitating, and straightening existing roads. It also planned to reconstruct some

others, where traffic intensity warranted it, he added. [Text] [Lagos DAILY

TIMES in English 24 Dec 86 p 13] /9274

EDITOR ATTENDS MOSCOW COURSE—The Association of Journalists in the Soviet

Union has awarded three scholarships to the Nigerian Union of Journalists

(NUJ), Hajiya Bilkisu Yusuf, the Editor of the SUNDAY TELEGRAPH, is one of

the beneficiaries who will study Journalism and International Relations in

Moscow. The course will last three months, Hajiya Bilkisu had earlier joined

the Nigerian delegation to Stockholm, Sweden, for the award of the Nobel prize

to Professor Wole Soyinka. She is expected back in March, 1987. [Text]

[Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 21 Dec 86 p 1] /9274

ASSISTANCE TO BURKINA—Forty peugeot pick-up vans donated by the Federal

Military Government to Bourkina Fasso are expected to have left Lagos on Wednesday. Drivers who are expected to drive the vans to Bourkina Fasso had

arrived Murtala Mohammed Airport on Tuesday morning to drive away the vans.

However, they could not drive away the vans on Tuesday because they are waiting

68
for official from the ministry of external affairs to collect some particulars

which would enable them cross Nigeria's boarder. Drivers, DAILY STAR, gathered came from Kaduna and are on contract with Mordeco-Organisation. One of the

drivers disclosed that they were expected to be paid »350 each for driving

the vehicle from Lagos to Ouagadougou capital of Bourkina Fasso. On the

vehicles were written "Donated by the Federal Government of Nigeria to the

Republic of Bourkina Fasso," The forty vehicles had been parked at the car

park of the Presidential lounge since November 7, last year. It would be

recalled that the federal government promised a donation of »50 million to

Front-line states after the attack by apartheid South Africa on some member

countries, [Text] [Article by Augustine Njoagwuani] [Enugu DAILY STAR in

English 24 Jan 87 p 6] /9274

CSO: 3400/76

69
ZIMBABWE

NEWLY FORMED EMPLOYMENT BODY EXPECTS TO HELP MILLIONS

Harare THE HERALD in English 5 Feb 87 p 1

(Article by David Masunda]

[Text]

THE newly-formed National Employment Council for the Financial, Distributive and Service Undertakings of

Zimbabwe, an organisation that will

benefit more than one million people,

has finally got off the ground.

The youngest of the 22 employment

councils in the country, this new council

has a potential membership of 7 500 employers and more than 100 000 employees

malting it the largest in the country. Its

initial capital will be 1940 000 but the

council has an ability to .raise about

Sl,2 million from subscriptions.

Only the employment council for the •

agriculture industry, of which negotiations are still being held, can surpass it

In membership if it takes off the ground.

Even then, the agricultural employment

council would never be able to match

this new council's capital merely because

wages In that sector are lower than in

the commercial sector.

Mr Mike Britten, chairman of the

NEC for 'FDSUZ, recently said its formation would benefit more than pne million people most of these being dependents of its members. - The aim of the council would be to

regulate all conditions of service and

wages for all Its members1and may in

future negotiate for other benefits such

as medical aid schemes where they do

not exist.

Said Mr Britten: "The main objective of this council is to provide a

forum where employers and employees

can discuss a wide range of matters

Including wages."

Earlier this week, Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions boss, Cde Jeff

Mutandare, said both unions and em-,

ployers preferred employment councils

to (industrial) boards. At present industries that do not have employment

councils take up their grievances to

boards whose representatives include

employers, employees and officials from

the Ministry of Labour, Manpower

Planning and Social Welfare.

Said Cde Mutandare: "The system of

(industrial) boards in this country is far

from satisfactory . . . the best platform

for collective bargaining In this country

is a national employment council.

"An employment council enables employer awd employee representatives to

negotiate satisfactory conditions of service in that particular Industry."

Employment councils are common

in Commonwealth countries and have

been in existence In Zimbabwe since the

late 1940s. In fact, the commercial Industry in Zimbabwe had one such council but this collapsed just after UDI.

In a recent speech, the general secretary of the Commercial Workers'

Union of Zimbabwe, Cde Shangwa Chifamba, said Ms union's participation In

the formation of the employment council,

had been one of Its stated goals.

Negotiations for the. formation of

the NEC for this industry started in

1983 and it finally came into being on

September 1 last year. Mr Britten said

the council had in its Initial stages, been

forced to borrow frpm the employers

association after its request to Government for a grant was turned down..

Even now, It is still finding it difficult to get on sound financial footing

because it has not yet been able to

fslly collect levies from its members.

Although the Labour Relations Act

stipulates that it Is an offence (to those

in that industry) for them to refuse to

pay the levy to the employment council,

collecting the levy has been a problem

to the councils because they have to do

it themselves.

All employers and employees in the

commercial sector (and who are nbt represented by any other employment

70
/9274

CSOi 3400/62

council) earning less than $20000 per

nnnum are bound by law to pay a levy

to the the council.

A scheme whereby 0,5 percent of

everyone earning ?12 0Q0 or less per

annum would be deducted from their

salaries has been devised. For those

earnings between J12 001 and $20 000

per year, $5 would be deducted from their

salaries every month "with each employer making an amount equal to the

total collectively paid by the employees".

Any employee or employer who refuses to pay the levy commits what Is

called an "unfair labour practice" and is

subject to some penalty.

Mr Britten said his council intended

to be more vigorous than most of the

existing employment councils which he

said were at the moment "very passive".

"We are going to take a much more

positive role than what is being done by

other councils," said Mr Britten. Among

the new council's objectives, is to have

a newsletter circulated to every, member.

Meanwhile, the NEC for the FDSU2

has already started advertising for 8

chief designated agent and other staff

It will have offices in Harare, Mutare.

Bulawayo and Gweru with others planned for Masvingo and at a later Stage,

Kadoma.

71
ZIMBABWE

NATION LEADS IN FUEL FROM SUGAR PRODUCTION

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 Feb 87 p 3

[Text]

IN Africa, Zimbabwe and

Kenya are leaders In the

production of power alcohol using' sugar cane in.

the search for renewable

energy technologies, according to the Zimbabwe

Scientific Association's

latest issule of Science

News. , . But because of the current lefw world prices of

petroleum It la doubtful

whether wiidespiread use

öf the technology w.ilt

catch on In the rest of

the continent.

The sharp increases in

the iprice of petroleum tn

the late 1970s and rthe

fall in sugar prices Internationally made power

'production from sugar

cane attractive to Zimbabwe and gave the original

Impetus for research into:

it. j

By .1980 Zimbabwe's

Imports of petroleum had

reached 21 percent of all |

imports but unlike Kenya'

Zimbabwe had large coal

deposits and substantial

hydro-electric power.

'Zimbabwe's alcohol

power programme began

as (far (back as 1964 because of surpluses ta

molasses even after export, but the iDlans were

shelved in 1969 when the

Government refused to

subsidise the production.

A Zimbabwe company,

rrrianple. constructed a

120 000 litres a day plant

• which cost $6 million and

'was 55 percent locallv

constructed. It used the

"batch fermentation pro

; cess" and the power alco-

;hol available for blending

cost 43,6 cents a litre

compared to Kenya's

i sophisticated process

which produced a 57,3

cents a litre power alcohol

in 1978.

According to the Journal the lessons from the

Zimbabwean and Kenyan

experiences clearly showed that power alcohol was

only viable in times of

high petroleum prices.

But the saving of foreign exchange was also a

; persuasive argument for

the introduction of sugar-

' cane-based ethanol pro-

! auction in developing

countries which had the

sugar.

/9274

CSOj 3400/62

72
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

RSA MILITARY REPORTEDLY VIOLATING TERRITORY—The South African military is

reported to be regularly violating Zimbabwean territory. The monthly

Zimbabwean magazine, PARADE, says South African soldiers have been crossing

into Zimbabwe and harassing villagers living close to the Limpopo River. The

report says villagers near the Limpopo, which forms a common border between

the two countries, are living in fear of intimidation from the South Africans.

The alleged intimidation apparently began in December 1985, after a number of

landmine explosions in South Africa near the Zimbabwean border. The villagers

say Pretoria's troops had often threatened to invade Zimbabwe to track down

guerrillas of the ANC. Zimbabwe denies it harbors ANC fighters. The

South African Army has not commented on the magazine report. [Text] [Umtata

Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 17 Feb 87] /8309

AIR FORCE DEAD BURIED WITH FULL HONORS—Four members of the air force of

Zimbabwe who were killed in an aircraft crash while delivering food supplies

to Zimbabwe troops in Mozambique have been buried with full military honors.

Flight Lieutenant Fortune Chuma was buried at Warren Hill cemetery in Harare.

Air Lt Christopher Chinamora was buried in Goromonzi in his home area.

Lt Alton Kapungu was buried in Karoi, and senior (?aircraftman) Puthulwa Njekwa

was buried at Luveve cemetery in Bulawayo. Speaking at the burial of

Fit Lt Chuma, the minister of state for defense, Comrade Ernest Kadungure,

said the deceased was dedicated to the defense of the country and committed to

serving the nation. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT

14 Feb 87] /8309

REDUCED MILITARY AID TO MOZAMBIQUE—Reports from Harare say that Zimbabwe, which

is helping the Mozambican Government in its war against Renamo, is disappointed

with the government's military performance and is becoming alarmed at the

war's escalating costs. Last week, Zimbabwe was reported to have lost more

than 150 troops in heavy fighting in Mozambique, as well as four air men in

what was officially described as an accidental air crash. At present, Zimbabwe

has about 9,000 troops fighting alongside government forces in Mozambique,

far less than the original 15,000 sent in July 1985 to take part in an offensive

aimed at destroying Renamo. Although Zimbabwe has pledged to help (?rebuild)

the so-called Beira Corridor, containing Zimbabwe's vital transport links with

the Mozambican ports, it has continued to reduce its military commitment to

Maputo. [Text] [Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT

17 Feb 87] /8309

73
JOINT DRIVE TO BOOST TEXTILE EXPORTS—Preparations are underway for a major

export promotion drive for one of Zimbabwe's fastest growing exports—textiles.

The drive is being coordinated by the Ministry of Trade and Commerce, the

Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce and the Dutch government's Centre for

the -Promotion of Imports from Developing Countries, known as CBI. The CBI

helps developing countries adapt products to meet European market requirements.

A supply study involving an analysis of the operations of some selected spinners, weavers and garment makers in Harare and Bulawayo has already been completed by a CBI consultant while work is still in progress on a demand survey

in The Netherlands, Workshops/seminars on textile exports will be held in

Harare and Bulawayo towards the end of March on the findings of these surveys

and the strengths and weaknesses of the Zimbabwean sector in gaining a foothold in the competitive European textile market. In addition, manufacturers

and exporters will be selected to take part in the CBI sponsored Modam garment

fair to be held in Amsterdam in September this year. CBI has also invited

manufacturers and exporters to send product samples to it for its special

promotion of household textiles to be held in May in Rotterdam and will hold

a seminar on European market trends at the end of September. A selection

will be made from participants at this seminar for exhibitors in the 1988

Inter Decor trade fair in Utrecht. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English

(Business) 5 Feb 87 p 1] /9274

CSOt 3400/62

74
SOUTH AFRICA

MILITARY COOPERATION WITH CHILE NOTED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 29 Jan 87 p -1

[Summary] According to the Chilean journal AP SI, the Pinochet and South

African regimes will soon start building submarines with German technology.

This information was revealed following a statement by the commander of the

Chilean Navy, Admiral Jose Merino, in which he said that the South African

Defense Ministry had expressed an interest in cooperating jointly in submarine

building. These facts are a confirmation of the growing military cooperation

between the Republic of South Africa and Chile. The Pretoria regime is already

participating in the construction of a military base in Punta Arenas, with

costs amounting to 13 million dollars. South Africa is currently furnishing

a large quantity of arms to Latin America amounting to 20 million dollars. The

main recipients are Chile and Paraguay.

/12232

CSO: 3442/84

75
SOUTH AFRICA

CREATION OF NEW GOVERNMENT POSTS CREATES CONTROVERSY

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Feb 87 p 17

[Article by David Braun]

[Text]

CAPE TOWN — A whole new series of central government executive posts are to be

created in terms of legislation introduced in

Parliament this week.

"" The new breed of top public office bearer that

'is envisaged is apparently to be known as a ministerial representative.

It was originally intended to call the holder of

sich a new post an assistant Minister, but vehement opposition criticism of this may have led to

*ttie less grandiose title.

"' But whatever the name, the holder of the new

office will be a political appointee and is likely

Ho have an income in the region of the generous

package afforded to Deputy Ministers (currently

CR85 000 a year, plus official car and residences).

* The Progressive Federal Party is strongly opposed to the new posts.

5*!

'Said Mr Nie Olivier, PFP spokesman on Constitutional Development: "The new posts incase the potential for patronage, making it

^possible for more and more people to get on the

gravv train".

Apart from all the homeland governments

(each with its own chief executives and Cabinets) there are 19 members of the South African

ECäi>inet, another 11 members of Ministers* Councils, 20 Deputy Ministers, and now who knows

'how many Ministerial Representatives.

JT The purpose of the new post is to provide for

1

the decentralisation of the executive arms of the

three own affairs administrations of the tricameral Parliament.

rr The 1983 Constitution, and indeed the whole

thrust of the Government's constitutional thinking, is based on two pillars: own affairs and gen-

"eral affairs.

*Tricameral system

in 'In terms of the tricameral system (which provides for the participation in general govern-

'metit of whites, coloureds and Indians, but not

blacks because this is still being negotiated),

reach of the three population groups governs its

•own affairs by means of its own legislature.

I* For whites this is the House of Assembly,

while coloureds have the House of Representatives and Indians the House of Delegates.

ii The executive structure of each of these own

'affairs administrations is the Ministers' Council.

»''iEach Minister's Council has a chairman and

four or five members known as Ministers. They

"have the same status and remuneration (currently R114 000 a year plus perks) as Cabinet Ministers, although not all Ministers of Minister's

Councils may also serve in the Cabinet.

The new positions of ministerial representatives are intended to be the deputies of own affairs Ministers in the various provinces.

Although appointed from the political world,

they will not be Members of Parliament (as they

will be based in provincial centres).

It is expected that particularly Ministers of

Education and Culture and Ministers of Local

Government, Housing and Works, require ministerial representatives in each of the provinces.

This means that between the three administrations there could be as many as 22 such appointments (presumably, the Indian administration

has no need of representatives in the Free State).

However, there could also be ministerial representatives for each of the health Ministers and

agriculture Ministers, so that the eventual total

could be 44 or more.

76
/12828

CSO: 3400/46

Three-chamber Parliament

The general affairs pillar of the Constitution is

made up of a three-chamber Parliament (all

three Houses must agree on legislation concerning general affairs, which includes the Budget,

Defence, Foreign Affairs and Law and Order).

The executive of this aspect of central government comprises the State President and the CabApart from the 18 Cabinet Ministers already

mentioned (the State President is the 19th member of the Cabinet, but he earns R134 000 tax free

and has more perks than a mere Minister), there

are 20 Deputy Ministers in the general affairs

administration (earning, as previously mentioned, R85 000 a year each).

Then there is the President's Council, intended

to resolve deadlocks when general affairs legislation cannot be agreed upon by the three

Houses. . .. „ ,,

The 60 Members of the President's Council

earn the same as Members of Parliament, just

under R60 000 a year. This unique South African system of government thus has great potential for dispensing political patronage.

The significance of this becomes particularly

relevant when one realises that the power to dispense, or take away, patronage on such a scale is

vested almost entirely in the State President.

The State President appoints all the Ministers

of the Cabinet and the Ministers' Councils and all

their deputies. He will also appoint the ministerial representatives.

He appoints 15 Members of the President s

Council (plus another 10 on the advice of the parliamentary opposition parties), some of the nominated Members of Parliament, the Administrators and the new Members of Executive Committees of the provinces, Commissioners-General

to non-independent homelands and, on occasion,

politically appointed ambassadors.

77
SOUTH AFRICA

'KITSKONSTABELS' APPLAUDED FOR ANTICRIME ROLE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Feb 87 p 3

[Text] The "kitskonstabels" had had a

positive effect on crime, Law and

Order Minister Adriaan Vlok said

in Cape Town,.

Vlok said unrest was "responsible

for the increase in crime, in that it

pushed up the number of murders

committed, incidents of arson, malicious damage to property and assaul".

He said: "The SAP is well in control

of the situation.

"There are special units which

have been organised in the larger

cities to curb the spate of robberies

occurring there daily.

"These units have been successful

and will be increased and improved

upon where possible."

Vlok said: r'The creation of the special constable branch has also had a

positive effect on crime in certain

areas.

"Here in the Western Cape, serious

crime reported dropped by 3 078

cases during a three-month period in

August to October last year.

"This was immediately after the

first group of special constables were

moved into certain residential areas.

"I must add that the patrols by

security forces and the roadblocks

they manned also had a deterring

effect"

He said the violence coupled with

the whole revolutionary onslaught

had forced government to ' resort to

some harsh measures such as the

emergency regulations which we

know nave been a successful factor in

curbing the violence but which have

become a focal point for propaganda

purposes against us".

Defending the additional curbs on

the media, Vlok said: "Why should we

allow the public to be constantly

bombarded with deliberate lies, untruths and distortions which in many

cases form part of a carefully

planned and calculated propaganda

campaign from our enemies who

have openly declared war on us?

/12828

CSO: 3400/46

78
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

WIDER POLICE POWERS QUESTIONED--The wider powers conferred on the

Commissioner of Police in terms of last week's amendments to the emergency

regulations may not be as wide as originally thought. Newspapers and some

legal sources have interpreted the Government Gazette as giving the

commissioner total discretion in deciding what may be published in SA.

But a lawyer for SA Associated Newspapers (SAAN) made it clear yesterday

further orders restricting the media were limited to public order and safety

issues and ending the state of emergency. He said: "On paper, public

safety issues could mean prohibiting the publication of road-death

statistics. "The commissioner's new powers are wide, but they would probably

be struck down in court unless they had a direct bearing on the emergency."

Lawyers for the Press are studying the new regulations to see if any of

them can be challenged in court. A police spokesman said yesterday no plans

were in the pipeline to issue more banning orders in terms of the

commissioner's new powers. This echoes a statement made at the weekend by

Home Affairs director-general Gerrie van Zyl who said he was not aware of

any such moves in his department. [Text][Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

3 Feb 87 p 3][Article by Hamish McIndoej/12828

COST OF HOMELANDS--The cost of the homelands rose to R2,65bn during the 1985/6

financial year, Auditor-General Dr J H de Loor said yesterday. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Feb 87 p 1]/12828

CSO: 3400/46

79
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS TECHNICAL TRAINING GETS APPROVAL

Port Elizabeth WEENEND POST (Business) in English 24 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Mike Mabusela]

[Text]

THREE Port Elizabeth black men who hold top

positions in commerce and industry in Port Elizabeth have added their voices to those of parents

calling for more technical schools for blacks — as

opposed to academic schools. Meanwhile, the

Department of Education and Training has told

BUSINESS POST that a new system has been designed for career education — specifically directed

at the technical aspect. A recent development in

secondary technical education was the establishment of comprehensive schools offering a variety of study directions, including commercial and

technical directions.

The three top black men

in PE commerce and industry are Mr Beki Sibiya, who

holds a Master of Business

Administration degree

from the University of

Michigan; Mr Ernie Bergins, who has a bachelor's

degree in business administration, and Mr Walter

Jayiya, who has a marketing diploma and is studying

further.

They attribute their rise

to the top to the technical

subjects they studied at

school.

Because they had taken

technical subjects their

companies had been more

amenable to sending them

overseas for further training.

Mr Sibiya works for SA

Breweries and provides expertise in management to

private bottle-store owners

in the Eastern Cape.

Mr Bergins is programmes manager of Urban Foundation in the Eastern Cape, and Mr Jayiya is

a sales promoter for Stellenbosch Farmers Winery.

They say more technical

schools would fill a need in

black education.

Parents interviewed said

it seemed there were more

chances of getting a job if

one was technically, rather

than academically qualified.

Meanwhile, the liaison officer of the Department of

Education and Training

(DET), Mr Peter Mundell,

has said from Pretoria that

technical education was ar

present offered at technical

orientation centres, secondary technical schools, technical colleges and at techni-

. kons (tertiary level).

The new development in

secondary technical education had already resulted in

the establishment of 19

comprehensive schools

offering a variety of study

directions, including commercial and technical directions.

These had been introduced since January, 1984,

and an additional 14 were

being planned.

A new system had been

designed for career education. It was specifically

directed at the technical aspect of career education

and included the following

components:

• A holistic approach in

the primary school phase

during which the the technical moulding of pupils

would receive due attention, i

• A bridging phase at the

end of the primary school

phase when all pupils would

learn basic technical skills.

• An exploratory phase

during the junior schools

phase when 70% of the

pupils would acquaint

themselves with a wide

spectrum of technical study

directions as part of the

normal school programme.

• A differentiated

specialisation phase during

the senior secondary school

phase to serve those pupils

with the necessary technical aptitude and interest,

as a first step on the road to

a career.

80
/9274

CSO: 3400/923

He said the following

requirements were taken

into account during the designing of the system:

• The system had to satisfy the requirements of the

community. ;

•It had to satisfy the

needs of the employers.

•It had to be in accordance with the manpower

requirements of South

Africa.

• It had to make provision for branching out

rather than for dropping

out.

• It had to give each pupil the oppportunity to realise his full potential and

during the specialisation

phase of the senior secondary school, pupils had to receive accredited training.

Mr Mundell said it was

envisaged that 21% of the

pupils in the senior secondary phase would receive

education directed at a

technical career.

At present there are 41

technical colleges for

blacks in the Republic of

South Africa, offering trade

(vocational) training in various fields to equip tradesmen like motor mechanics,

electricians and carpenters.

Most of the 20 colleges

which are controlled by the

Department of Education j

and Training also offercommercial courses' and'

block release courses for

apprentices, while some

offer pre-employment

training as well. • >

Mr Mundell said there]

were also existing departmental technical centres. !

This programme, which

was embarked upon in 1975

and which is unique in South

Africa, if not in the world,

provides for technical orientation to pupils from

Standard 4 (sixth grade) and

is an extension of the normal school programme.

Pupils from neighbouring

schools, he said, attended

classes for 2Vz hours a week

at such centres which

offered electrical work,

brickwork, woodwork,

welding, electronics and

technical drawing.

Girls received orientation in technical drawingand another two subjects

namely material processing and business machine

practice, which would be

added this year.

At present there weree 17

such centres in various ur-.

ban areas in South Africa.

Facilities at various

centres weree being

expanded, he said, while

more centres were being

planned.

He said a multi-million

rand technikon in the

Northern Transvaal, near

Pretoria, offered courses in

mining and health sciences,

physical and chemical sciences and technical teacher,

training as well as secretarial, commercial and business management courses.

This technikon would

eventually make provision'

for 5 000 students a year.

81
SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI DEPORTS TRANSKEIANS, RESHUFFLES CABINET

Deportations to Continue

MB131451 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1400 GMT 13 Feb 87

[Text] Ciskei spokesman Headman Somtunzi said today that 155 families have

been deported to Transkei so far. He said deportations would continue until

there were no more Transkeians in Ciskei.

Meanwhile President Lennox Sebe announced his new cabinet in Bisho this

morning. Some reshuffling of ministers has occurred but the biggest change

is the creation of a new post of ambassador extraordinary. This supplements

the usual Foreign Affairs Ministry. The ex-minister of agriculture and

forestry, V.H. (Mafani), takes up the new post, which will involve top-level

negotiations with other governments, notably South Africa and Transkei.

Transkei-Ciskei Amalgamation Predicted

MB161053 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1032 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Umtata Feb 16 SAPA—Transkei and Ciskei would amalgamate soon, whether

Ciskei President Lennox Sebe liked it or not, the prime minister of Transkei,

Chief George Matanzima, said. He was addressing a rally of the ruling

Transkei National Independence Party at Ngqeleni district at the weekend.

Chief Matanzima quoted the Ciskei government as saying amalgamation was out

of the question. He added there would be no more requests and amalgamation

would continue. Ciskei's people supported moves to form one Xhosa republic,

Chief Matanzima said.

Ciskei also indicated it would never be able to accommodate members of the

12 tribes from Transkei.

Many Transkeian families living in Ciskei were repatriated in the past three

weeks. Chief Matanzima said those repatriated from Ciskei had to make statements to their nearest police station, which would be used as the basis of

claims for compensation against Ciskei. Chief Matanzima said Ciskei had no

right to kick Transkeians out of Mdantsane, a place built by South African

Government to accommodate Transkeians and Ciskeians who worked in East London.

He said more than half the residents of Mdantsane were from Transkei.

82
Government Refuses to Aid Refugees

MB150813 Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 15 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] About 2,000 refugees who fled Ciskei 10 days ago face an uncertain

future as South African authorities insist they return home.

About 400 residents of the village of Potsdam fled the Ciskei in the face of

ongoing raids and harassment by the Ciskei police.

But their numbers have grown since they set up their makeshift camp on a

narrow ribbon of land between the old East London-King William's Town road

and the new highway.

They are still adamant they want the South African Government to find them a

permanent place to stay, and refuse to consider returning home.

They distrust an assurance from Ciskei President Lennox Sebe that they can

return home without fear of persecution.

"It is a trick," one of the refugees said. "We can't go back. We'll put our

lives in danger."

Nevertheless, SA Ambassador to the Ciskei, Mr Christiaan van Aardt, said he

had "No sympathy whatsoever" with the refugees as "the whole thing" was

politically motivated.

"As far as I am concerned, What they need is a nice damn thunderstorm to wash

them back to the Ciskei," he said.

The Progressive Federal Party has attacked his comments as insensitive.

PFP election candidate for East London North, Mr Errol Spring, said he found

it unbelievable that the ambassador could display so little feeling for the

refugees and called on the government to assist them.

Police Mounting Late-night Raids

MB151028 Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 15 Feb 87 pp 1, 2

[Text] In a campaign reminiscent of old-style pass raids, Ciskei authorities

are rooting out all Transkeians living within its borders and are determined

to continue until not a single one is left.

The homeland government of President Lennox Sebe had embarked on a systematic

programme of deportation of Transkei citizens in retaliation for what it sees

as a Transkei plot against it.

Ciskei police are mounting late night raids which residents say remind them

of 60s-style pass raids. But this time, the police are looking for anyone

with Transkei documents.

83
The unlucky are told to "Go back to Matanzima." They are carted off, served

with deportation orders and summarily dumped at the border.

Although a figure for the total number of Transkeians who live in the Ciskei

is not available, it is believed to be substantial. Ciskei Government

spokesman Headman Somtunzi said 166 families had already been deported.

He said the programme would continue until there were no Transkeians left.

Prime targets in the campaign have been Zwelitsha and Mdantsane, where the

population has always been made up of citizens of Transkei, Ciskei and

South Africa.

This week, the Ciskei announced it had arrested two people who had returned

home to Zwelitsha after being deported. The two men, Wilson Jobela and

Adolfus Lawana, would be charged with violation of immigration laws,

Mr Somtunzi said.

A description of the "Anti-transkeian-raids" came from Mrs Lulamile Thongo.

She said she was picked up early on Saturday morning by the Ciskei police and

dumped outside Berlin.

Mrs Thongo said: "Two police vans came on Saturday morning. There were about

60 people inside the vans. I was told to get into one of the vans. They

drove off and we were all dumped outside Berlin.

"I hitch hiked back to Mdantsane to fetch my child and to collect my clothes.

I was offered temporary accommodation by the local Catholic priest."

/8309

CSO: 3400/40

84
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO TEACHERS STRUGGLE TO FIND JOBS

DET Offers Primary School Openings

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Jan 87 p 11

[Article by Sol Makgabutlane]

[Text]

Scores of young teachers, newly qualified from the

Soweto College of Education, are confronted with the

depressing reality that there are no jobs for them in

the township's high schools.

In desperation, a number of them have taken up

jobs at primary schools.

But the Department of Education and Training

(DET) said good teachers should be able to teach all

age groups.

This is irrespective of the fact that many of the

teachers have specialised in certain subjects and

teaching methods, targeted specifically at high

school pupils.

Liaison officer of the Department of Education

and Training, Mr Peter Mundell, blamed the instability at some high schools, and the fact that some of

them were still not functioning, as contributing to

the dearth of vacancies.

One teacher, who wished to remain anonymous,

said that of the more than 250 who qualified from the

college in December, less than 25 had found jobs in

Soweto high schools.

"Many others have actually left the townships to

seek vacancies in the rural areas."

All students at the Soweto College of Education : are on a Government bursary and are required to

sign a contract pledging to teach in a DET school for

at least three years after qualifying.

"Some of the unemployed teachers have been offered lucrative posts in commerce and industry or in

private schools. They cannot accept these offers because of their contracts with the Government," said

one teacher.

Mr Mundell pointed out: "The regional office of

the department is not prepared to send these newly

qualified teachers to schools where the situation has

not stabilised.

"We are, therefore, very distressed by some accusations that the DET is driving teachers away. There

are vacancies in primary and higher primary

schools.

The best teachers are those who can teach pupils

from the youngest age to the oldest age.

'HUMANE SYMPATHY*

"Teachers should not demand where they go; and

they should not feel they are being given something

that's unworthy."

He said his department held "humane sympathy"

for the teachers and added that if the remaining,

closed schools in Soweto were reopened, then new

posts may be available.

"If the closed high schools were functioning in a

stable and disciplined way, then the quota of teachers would be increased and these teachers would get

jobs. We have been trying since 1985 to get the message to the community that you can't just click your

fingers to get the whole thing back on the rails."

DET chief liaison officer Mr Job Schoeman said

that of the 10 schools that were closed in Soweto last

year, "at least" five had reopened and the rest could

start operating as from today.

But teachers to whom The Star spoke said even if

all these schools were reopened, it would not solve

the problem, as the schools had their own staffs.

"Some of us have some university courses on top

of our Secondary Teacher's Diploma. Do you go and

teach Std 2s with those?"

85
Misplaced Teacher Angry, Frustrated

[Article by Education Reporter]

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Jan 87 p 11

TTextl "Tshepo" is 24 years old. She passed her matric in

1982, and took a government bursary to study for a

Secondary Teachers' Diploma at the Soweto College

of Education.

Three years later, in December 1986, she came out

of the gate of the institution — a qualified, ambitious

high school teacher. Her majors were English and

Biblical studies.

She takes over the story: "When black schools reopened earlier this month, I went to a couple of high

schools and applied for a post as a teacher.

"Principals said they were keen to hire more staff,

but they had used all their quotas. I went daily to one

of the high schools for a whole week, hoping that

something would come up.

"I have a child and an old mother to look after and

I cannot fold my hands and sit at home.

"Out of frustration, I went to a primary school to

look for a job. I was hired immediately and assigned

to teach English to the Std 3 class and health study

to the Std 3 and Std 4 classes.

"But I have difficulty teaching these kids because

I have not been taught the methods of providing lessons to the nine-year-olds.

"Many of us new teachers working at primary

schools feel like ordinary factory workers. But we

fear that if we stop working, then the young children

in the townships will say: 'If these people, with all

their big certificates, can't find jobs, what is the purpose of us going to school because we are going to

end up like them?'.

"Another thing that makes us angry is that when

you read the newspapers there are always stories

saying black teachers are under-qualified. But those

who do have qualifications can't find placings.

"Although the salaries of primary and high school.

teachers are equal, I am more interested in teaching

people to the best of my ability than doing nothing

in a Std 3 classroom and collecting money at the end

of the month."

/927A

CSO! 3400/923

86
SOUTH AFRICA

'A-TEAM' VIGILANTES TERRORIZING CHESTERVILLE TOWNSHIP

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 18 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Sb'u Mngadi]

[Text]

CHESTERVILLE township is bleeding to

death.

Its 15 000-strong community is at war with "A-team"

vigilantes.

About 40 people died violently in this tiny township last

year because of the seemingly unending conflict.

And hardly three weeks into the new year, eight more

people have died because of the fierce political battles.

Natal Coast PFP director Roy Anslie has said that the

small community was slowly bleeding to death and that

many residents feared another Crossroad-type saga.

This week, the strife-torn township - one of the; smallest

and oldest in the Durban region -saw the fatal burning of;

a young mother and her sister's two children, aged two

and six - following Are bomb attacks on three homes.

A King Edward VIII Hospital spokesman confirmed

that Nokwazi Mdluli, 24, and her sister's children, Brenda, 2, and Sibonelo, 7, died at the weekend from severe

burns.

The other Mdluli family members, Thabisile, 1, and

Nompumeleloj 18, both suffered severe burns and are in a

serious condition in hospital.

The Bureau for Information said in a statement that'

seven people were injured during attacks on the private

,homes late at night and that a child had to be rescued:

'from a blazing house by two security„force members.

Two women were seriously burnt "and four children/

between the ages of two and six, were injured in one of (he

attacks.

"Constables A Venter and M van Loggenberg had to

break down a door to rescue a child. All three

houses were extensively

damaged," said the bureau

spokesman.

Other members of the

family -some of whom are

activists - were in hiding

after receiving death

threats from the notorious

"A-Team".

Anslie said at least eight

people have been killed in

the past two weeks.

Since clashes between

community members and

the "A-Team" erupted,

hardly a weekend has gone

by without someone dying.

Living a normal existence in Chesterville has

become virtually impossi-

, ble - and it's the children

who suffer most.

One family is typical of

so many others in the torn

township.

N is the head of her

family. One son was shot

dead late last year. She

was unable to attend his

funeral for fear of persucution. She has been in hiding for the last eight

months, constantly worrying about a daughter

whose house, she fears, is a

target for a fire bomb attack. ' . i

Her other.son is also on i

the run.

Natal PFP leader Ray

Swart has made attempts

to meet with members of

the "A-Team" and community leaders in an attempt to reconcile the warring factions.

"We are convinced that

such a meeting, although it

might not resolve the crisis,

would result in a significant reduction of violence.

However, we have been unable to arrange such a

meeting," said Anslie.

"Though difficult to

prove, I am convinced that

agent provocateurs are active on both sides in an

effort to ensure a divided

community," he said.

Chesterville, which is

surrounded by white suburbs, is about 6km from

Durban. Residents strongly opposed plans to resettle

them at Ntuzuma, about

30km away, although

about half the township

was resettled before the

1984 government reprieve.

According to the Black

Sash's Anne Colvin harassment, murder, arson, the

disruption of funerals and

schools, the sight of children and community leaders in hiding and the despair of mothers and wives,

were daily occurrences in

the township.

/9274

CSO: 3400/923

87
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS BUY HOMES IN WHITE AREA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 23 Jan 87 p 4

[Article by Theo Rawana]

[Text]

WEALTHY Soweto blacks are

buying houses and plots in the

white-zoned Suurbekom agricultural area south of the township

— and the area's white residents

are up in arms.

About a dozen blacks are

known to have bought houses

and plots from whites for prices

ranging from R50 000 to R60 000.

But those who confirmed they

had been involved in transactions refused to say how they

dealt with the Group Areas Act.

One said: 'That Act is dead.

Don't bother about it."

Property owner Nie Bartman

said he had allowed a black

priest to build a church, on his

property because the church was

multiracial and would be convenient for worshippers from Soweto and other areas.

He said he only rented space

to a few blacks, some of whom

worked for him.

On December 16 the leader of

the Soweto-based International

Pentecostal Church, the Rev

Frederick Modise, held a meeting on the site where he plans to

build the church. About 16000

black worshippers turned up.

The church is said to have 65 000

members nationwide.

A spokesman for the white

residents, Chris Willemse, said

they feared huge church attendances would lead to blacks putting up shacks in the area.

His wife Lulu said: "People

feel unsafe and some are considering leaving the area. We are in

the dark and would like to know

if the area is going to be declared

a suburb of Soweto."

People living on the church

site said an attempt was made

this week to uproot a signboard

proclaiming that the ground was

set aside for a church building.

Baartman said: "Anyone who

does not like the idea of the

church is free to leave the area.

Those blacks go to the area only

for worship."

A Transvaal Board for the Development of Urban Areas

spokesman said the board had

not heard of any blacks planning

to move into the area.

/9274

CSOj 3400/923

88
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY HAILS MALAWI LACK OF 'HYPOCRISY'

MB030747 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 3 Feb 87

[Station Commentary: "Relations Between Malawi and South Africa"]

[Text] The announcement at the weekend by President Kamuzu Banda of Malawi

that his government would not boycott or isolate South Africa in any way

is totally in keeping with the policies of this pragmatic African leader.

President Banda is no stranger to doing the opposite of what his fellow

African leaders are doing. Malawi is the only African state which has

full diplomatic relations with South Africa. Unlike the rest of Africa,

which does not have normal relations with South Africa but trades with

South Africa and uses what South Africa has to offer, Malawi maintains

normal relations with the country. These relations have over the year

been of immense benefit to both Malawi and South Africa.

In his weekend announcement, Presdient Banda referred to the hypocrisy of

African states which trade with South Africa while maintaining a hostile

attitude. One of the most telling areas in which Presdient Banda has

gone in the opposite direction to most of his fellow African leaders is

in the economic field. Unlike others who chose to socialize the land

and the economy, he has encouraged the growth of private enterprise,

particularly as far as agriculture is- concerned. Last year the World Bank

praised Malawi's achievement, describing it as one of the major developmental

success stories in Africa. It added the key to this success has been the

ability of the government to formulate economic development policies that

emphasize agriculture, exports, and the major role of the private sector,

including, small-holder agriculture. Unlike most of his counterparts,

President Banda perceived that what his people wanted above all else

was economic progress and the way to provide that was through good stable

government, sound economic policies, and cooperation with the region's

economic giant, South Africa. That decision was taken 20 year ago.

It has worked extremely well and there is obviously no reason to change a

winning formula.

/12624

CSO: 3400/952

89
SOUTH AFRICA

RETIRING PFP MP DESCRIBES UPCOMING ELECTION AS ' FARCE'

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 1 Feb 87 p 21

[Article by Reuben Sive]

[Text] PRESIDENT BOTHA says the purpose

of the forthcoming election is to give

every white South African the opportunity to exercise his right to vote.

But what he does NOT tell the electorate is

that their votes will not give them fair and

effective representation in Parliament. <

As things stand, one Nationalist voter in, say,

Graaff-Reinet, is worth three Nationalist voters

in Pretoria East.

Quite simply, the structures that have been

devised by the National Party over the past 39

years make this election, under the present constitution,

a farce.

Two basic rights — the right

to vote and to Be fairly and effectively represented — should

not be confused.

The right to vote is given to

every white person over the age of

18. But the individual act of casting a vote does not necessarily

mean that each individual voter

has equal representation in Parliament.

We vote in constituencies where

MPs are elected by a simple maiority of votes. The result is that

»arllament is made up of individ-;

uals who support different political parties.

Majority

That great constitutionalist

John Stuart Mill wrote: "In a really equal democracy, every section

would be represented, riot disproportionately, but proportionately.

"A majority of the electors

would always have a majority of

the representatives, but a minority of "the electors would always

have a minority of the representativGS.

"Man for man, they would

always be as fully represented as

the majority." '

Is this true for South Africa?

I believe that absolute equality

in the number of voters in each

constituency is essential if effective representation is to be

achieved

The original 1910 Act of Union

prescribed representation on a

constituency basis and that «apportionment of such electoral districts would be undertaken every

five years by a delimitation commission of three Supreme Court

judges. . Because there were to be provincial councils as well, all constituencies had to be wholly within a province.

Constituencies for each province were allocated in direct proportion to the number of voters.

By dividing the number of voters in each province by the number of constituencies allocated, a

, total, called the quota, was calculated.

The present constitution states

that "each province shall be so

divided that the number of voters

90
in each constituency shall be exactly the same, ie equal to the

quota".

However, the constitution also

lays down guidelines to deal with

constituencies with especially

sparse or dense populations.

A delimitation commission

may therefore depart from the

equality principle by loading or

unloading a constituency by 15

percent either way and, if the area

is very sparse, by 30 percent.

Extreme

The first delimitation commission declared that it was implicit

in the constitution that urban and

suburban constituencies are

densely populated and must

therefore be loaded, while rural

constituencies are sparsely populated and must therefore be unloaded.

This opinion is no longer true.

As Chief Justice Earl Warren

said in the American Supreme

Court in 1964: "Legislators represent people, not trees or acres.

Legislators are elected by voters,

•.not farms or, cities or economic i

1

interests."

But what is the practical result

of loading and unloading?

"'If,'say, the average number of,

voters; or the quota, in a province ;

is 20 000, it is possible in an extreme case for a suburban constituency, say in Pretoria, to have

23 000 voters.

On the other hand, a rural,

sparsely populated constituency

like Waterberg can have 14 000 !

voters — a difference of 9 000

votes.

In reality, according to the voters rolls as at December 311986,

North Rand has 31042 voters,

Pretoria East 30 522 voters —

while Ventersdorp has 14 977!

Yet each will send one MP to

Parliament — and in Parliament

every MP's vote is equal.

The first table on this page

shows the constituencies

with the highest and lowest

numbers of voters per constituency as at December 31 1986.

Imbalance

But, as if this inequity were not

enough, the State President has

also neglected to tell voters that,

when he was leader of the NP in

the Cape, unequal representation

was compounded when the consti-

•:, tution Was changed to fix the num.-; -

ber of seats in each province, irrespective of the total number of

voters Thus voters in the Transvaal, be •

they Nat, PFP or CP, will *)«

alarmingly under-represented in

the forthcoming election.

T7ie second table shows, according to the voters' lists as at

December 31,1986, the number

of voters for the House of Assembly in each province.

It shows Walvis Bay has no

right to exist as a separate constituency.

Tremendous

Therefore, the imbalance between provinces is as follows: the

Cape is over-represented by nine

seats, plus Walvis Bay, the Transvaal is under-represented by 11

seats and Natal and OFS are overrepresented by one seat each.

Where should these 11 new

seats in the Transvaal be allocated? To suburbia and they should

be allocated as follows: West

Rand two more, Central Rand

two, East Rand two, Pretoria

three, Vaal area one and BethalSecuiida one.

In the Cape, constituencies likely to disappear will be Aliwal, De

Aar, Graaff-Reinet, Swellendam,

Prieska, Vryburg, Green Point,

' Ceres and Beaufort West.

In 1910, when the constitution

was first devised, 50 percent of the

white voters lived in urban areas

and 50 percent In rural areas.

Today, about 90 percent of

: white, coloured and Indian voters

live in urban areas of South

Africa.

Yet the present constitution

leaves the suburban areas of cities ,

' completely under-represented in

Parliament.

The rapid urbanisation of South

Africa has seen the tremendous

growth of the suburbs, whether it

be for white, black, coloured or

, Indian. ......

The central business districts,

j which in 1910 were the core of

' urban areas, now have few, if any,

voters.

Where are these suburban areas

where the majority of voters live?

, They stretch from the Cape

| Peninsula into the Boland, they

' surround Port Elizabeth and East

\. London, they extend from the,

I beaches of Durban through Pine-

* town to Maritzburg. '

i. They include Kimberley and

Bloemfontein. They stretch from

the East Rand to the West Rand,

91
and sweep into the Vaal/Vereeniging areas and stretch north to

encompass the whole of Pretoria.

It should be added that similar

absurdities afflict the coloured

House of Representatives and the ,

Indian House of Delegates.

If President Botha had wanted

a proper mandate he should have

first changed the constitution so :

that the fixed allocation of con-'

stituencies per province could be^

eliminated. ^

He should also have written

new guidelines for delimitation.

Then he should have appointed

a delimitation commission for all

three Houses of Parliament on a

basis of equality of voters per constituency to ensure that all the

voters of South Africa were properly represented.

Only then should he have called

a general election of all three

. Houses. That would have been a

proper election, not a farce, as

this one will surely be.

rOiiMIIiuM^llMil^

, Highest

^Province-.

'&tfe:.\'i:ir-.\UTransvaal, ,|

PJI»tai;i,i'M;j.

SWAfe|;«;;.': mi .

Constituency

Durbanvllle

North Rand

Greytown

Wclkom'ir I

Lowest

No. of No-

of

Voters Constituency Voters

22 595 Graaff Rienet 9 007

32 042 Ventersdorp 15 977

20 442 Umhlanga 14 061

22 270 Fauresmith 10 036

Walvis Bay 4 0Ö2

1DBH

'^Id^'jiF Voters

Province iKiH/;.:

Transvaal Hi!;!;

:N)ftaWrH'W

Walviö;B»V;;.:

n

i.i,

:;: «35 661

,1593 588

.354 459

l^'!-234 635

Ü

::

" 4 602

Actual No. of

Parliamentary

Seats

56

76

20

.14

1

No. of Seats

to which it

should be

entitled

47

87

19

13

tea

/12828

CSO: 3400/50

92
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY EMPHASIZES DECISIVENESS OF ELECTIONS

MB260545 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 26 Jan 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] With the white political parties finalizing preparations for their

participation in the coming election campaign, it is not surprising

that attention is turning to the policy programs that will be presented

to the electorate. Recently comment [SABC commentary] remarked on

the formation of alliances that distinguishes the preparatory activities

for this years elections. It noted the need for such groupings to sort

out differences in order to provide voters with an unambiguous program

of policy. But that obligation is certainly no less compelling for the

government of the day. The Transvaal leader of the governing party, Mr

F.W. de Klerk, says his party will shortly launch a campaign to make

its goals clearly known — an undertaking that must be carried through with

vigor.

It goes without saying that the quality of any democratically organized

system is at least partly determined by the ability of voters to make

meaningful choices, based on a knowledge of precisely what policies are

represented by the different parties. This, moreover, determines the

confidence of the people in the system itself. The absence of a well-founded

trust in a partys determination to implement its election policy program

after being returned to parliament breeds confusion about the future and

a general hostility to all who are engaged in the legislative process.

An election provides the opportunity for a people to take stock of the

present, to review alternative courses for the future and to decide on

a particular course. The onus on the political parties in the field is

to ensure that voters are able to make full use of the opportunity.

If this is an essential requirement for healthy political activity and

government in normal circumstances, it is all the more so in South Africa

today. These are turbulent times, as the continuing radical violence, the

state of emergency and sanctions testify. Social and economic forces that

have been a long time in developing have produced a restless generation

of black students and a significant middle class increasingly irked by

racially-based restrictions on its freedom to advance.

93
An economic system that in its classical Western form has been unable to

keep pace with the growing need for job creation and a statutory system

that inhibited the productive potential of urbanization have created

overwhelming socioeconomic problems that require appropriate solutions

implemented with a sense of urgency. Linked with all this is the

crisis of rising political consciousness and expectations which further

complicated as it is by a revolutionary element, overshadows all else in

South African public affairs.

The 1987 elections will be decisive for the future of this country. How

the electorate vote will determine, for good or ill, how these issues

will be resolved and what ultimately lies in store for their country.

They must know precisely what answers are being offered by the

political parties that are asking for their support.

/12624

CSO: 3400/952

94
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S SCHWARZ CRITICIZES NP'S ECONOMIC RECORD

MB031604 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1448 GMT 3 Feb 87

[Text] House of Assembly, 3 Feb (SAPA)—The government's economic policies

had helped create a "breeding ground for violence and instability in

South Africa, the official opposition spokesman on finance, Mr Harry Schwarz

said today.

Speaking during the no confidence debate, he said the state president,

Mr P.W. Botha, had asked parties in his speech at the opening of

parliament not to make election issues out of economic matters such as

inflation. "I don't blame him for trying to keep inflation out of the

election. If after 39 years in parliament my party had made such an

unholy mess of inflation, I would also try and keep it out of the

election," Mr Schwarz said.

SABC news reports had highlighted "proud" statements yesterday by the

minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, that South Africa had

a one percent growth rate last year. "What he didn't tell South Africa

is that in per capita terms South Africa had a negative growth rate last year.

Is that not correct?" Mr Schwarz asked.

"Of course yes," Mr du Plessis said across the floor.

He also referred to unemployment and said there were fewer people at work

today than three years ago. From 1980 to 1985, the number of economically

active black people had grown by 2.5 percent per year but the number of

jobs had grown by 0.7 percent a year. "In other words, three out of four

black work seekers did not find any work.

"And you want to know why there is instability and violence in this country?

There sits the person to blame" Mr Schwarz said, pointing to Mr du Plessis.

"He and his staff have created the economic situation that has led South

Africa to become a breeding ground for violence and instability."

Mr Schwarz said that if the NP wanted to keep inflation out of the

election campaign, it should also keep silent on sanctions and disinvestment.

But this was not the csae. "They want to stir a kind of pseudo

patriotism and mobilize on these issues."

95
Mr Schwarz said the people of South Africa were worried about issues

such as the state of emergency, the economy and security. The government

had to say what it was doing about these issues. "People want to know

what's really going on (in the townships). They want-to know about

the country's long-term security prospects; their not looking for these

strange cries we've been hearing from ministers (in the debate).

At >a- time when consumer and investor confidence were at record lows,

the minister of finance advised people to borrow money. "But they

won't because they don't trust him. They know the interest rates

will increase in a year's time.

"There is complete resentment against the tax rates which are a disincentive

to work; and against GST." [General Sales Tax] The "greatest dishonesty,

Mr Schwarz said, was that the government was holding back new taxes

to finance the regional services councils until after the election.

/12624

CSO: 3400/952

96
SOUTH AFRICA

SCHWARZ ACCUSES NP OF 'RACIST' CAMPAIGN

MB031617 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1551 GMT 3 Feb 87

[Text] House of Assembly, 3 Feb (SAPA)—The state president, Mr P.W. Botha,

was trying to turn the white election into "one of the most racist campaigns

in South African history," Mr Harry Schwarz (PFP Yeaville) said today.

Speaking during the no confidence debate, he also asked the minister of

national education, Mr F.W. de Klerk, whether he secretly agreed with the

statements of the leader of the Afrikaner Weerstandbeweging, [Afrikaner

Resistance Movement, AWB] Mr Eugene Terreblanche, and said the minister

of finance, Mr Barend de Plessis, was "lost" to the liberal wing of the

National Party.

Mr Schwarz said Mr Botha had been trying to steer the issues on which the

election would be decided into a choice between peaceful reform and violent

revolution. If the government was on the side of peaceful reform the

impression was created that the Progressive Federal Party and the

Conservative Party were part of the "violent revolution."

Mr Schwarz recalled a by-election contested by the United Party [UP] in

Oudtshoorn in which the UP was making good progress until Mr Botha, the

"mastermind" NP cape leader of the time, "turned the campaign into the

most racist in South African history".

"He's trying to do it again. But things are different now — his tactics

will fail. The public knows him better now and the issues are far more

serious."

He said he had attended an AWB meeting to question Mr Terreblanche on his

statements that the choice facing South Africans was between the AWB and

the African National Congress. If this was the case, he wanted to know

where the NP stood on the issue.

"Maybe his (Mr De Klerk's) heart is really with Mr Terreblanche," Mr Schwarz

said.

Referring to Mr Du Plessis, he said he had thought the minister of finance

was a "new nat" until he said during the no confidence debate,i.when^asked:'if

97
he was against apartheid, that he was in favor of the scrapping of

discriminatory measures. It appeared he had deserted the liberal wing of the

party after once being among a group of "verligte" [enlightened]

MP's led by the minister of foreign affairs, Mr Pik Botha.

Referring to the resignation of the former NP MP for Randburg, Mr Wynand

Malan, and the controversy over statements by Mr Albert Nothnagel (NP innesdal),

Mr Schwarz said Mr Botha would be "left all alone" but that some of the

"New Nats" still respected him.

Of the election campaign, Mr Schwarz said the voters wanted to know where

the government was leading the country. "So far, we have not heard one word.

What is the ultimate objective of NP policy? The minister of constitutional

development has not told us. The public doesn't know where the government

is leading them and they are worried the government itself does not know

where it is going. The state president must tell the country where South

Africa will stand in the year 2000. That's what the people of South Africa

want to know, not the patchwork activity that's been going on."

/12624

CSO: 3400/952

98
SOUTH AFRICA

CCAWUSA CLAIMS SADF 'INTIMIDATION' OF STRIKING WORKERS

MB041523 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1444 GMT 4 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg 4 Feb (SAPA)—The Commercial, Catering, and Allied

Workers Union [CCAWUSA] today alleged OK management and the South African

Defence Force were cooperating in the intimidation of striking OK. workers.

There was "widespread initimidation of strikers by police and the SADF",

CCAWUSA alleged at a combined press conference by CCAWUSA and. the group

to which it is affiliated, the Congress of South African Trade Unions.

The union said security police have visited CCAWUSA offices in Cape Town,

Port Elizabeth, Port Shepstone, Durban, Empangeni, Pietrmaritzburg,

Johannesburg, Pretoria, Pietersburg and Vereeniging, since the strike

began 49 days ago.

Mr Jay Naidoo, general secretary of COSATU, agreed there was a high degree

of coordination between SADF and management. "In some stores the security

forces have been invited in by management," he said. "It is clear the

state is working very closely with employers to break the back of our

struggle for a living wage."

About 1000 workers have been held since the strike, the longest in the retail

industry, began, CCAWUSA said. One-hundred and sixty-one remain in detention

under the emergency regulations. Some of those released were charged under

municipal by-laws prohibiting the carrying of placards without permission.

"CCAWUSA believes that the fact that these detainees were charged under

municipal by-laws substantiates the view that these detentions are arbitrary

and malicious and aimed primarily at breaking the strike," CCAWUSA said.

Eleven thousand CCAWUSA members at 137 OK outlets are on strike, the union

said.

Citing an example of police conduct, CCAWUSA alleged police last week burst

into a general meeting of OK workers in Port Elizabeth and told them

they were not allowed to picket. Police then said the workers should

end the strike.

"Two weeks ago, at the Les Marais OK bazaars (in Pretoria) SADF soldiers

evicted OK strikers at gunpoint from the canteen in which they were

sitting," CCAWUSA alleged. The union has instructed strikers to sit

in canteens during the strike.

99
On Saturday, the offices of CCAWUSA in Johannesburg were raided.

[SAPA prefaces this item with the following: "Note to editors. The

following may contravene emergency regulations. A copy has been sent to the

IPLC [interdepartmental Press Liaison Center].» Johannesburg SAPA in English

at 1538 GMT on 4 February carries the IPLC's reply: "Re telex the CCAWUSA

strike: In accordance with Regulation 3(1) of the regulations promulgated

by Proclamation R224 of 11 December 1986, this article falls outside

the ambit of these regulations. 'This article has been reviewed only

in terms of Regulation 3(1) of the regulations (No R224 of 1986) published

in the GOVERNMENT GAZETTE (no 10541) of 11 December 1986, and, therefore,

does not exempt you from the responsibility of assuring yourself that no

other stipulation of the said regulations or any other regulations

or laws have been transgressed1"]

/12624

CSO: 3400/952

100
SOUTH AFRICA

ACADEMICS COMMENT ON WAYS TO CIRCUMVENT MICROFILM BAN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Feb 87 p 8

[Article by Sol Makgabutlane]

[Text]

While the American manufacturer had halted the

supply of a microfilm reference service to South

African universities, academics have pointed out

there could be "various channels" to circumvent

the ban.

The Director of Library Services at the University of Pretoria, Professor E B Gerryts, said new

means would be found to evade the ban announced by University Microfilms International

(UMI) stopping the supply of the microfilm service to South African universities.

UMI is a subsidiary of Bell and Howell, which,

sold its South African operations last year.

In a letter to South African universities, UMI

said it would discontinue selling or buying from

South African institutions in accordance with the

policy of the parent corporation. ....,•'

The move has been described as a drastic development in the growing academic isolation of

I South Africa. ,

i Professor Gerryts said: "I don't anticipate big

problems because there are various channels to

keep the service going, but the flow of information regarding research is of such a nature

we feel the decision by UMI is

unfortunate.

"It will be interesting to see

what the action of the international scientific community will

be."

Professor Reuben Musiker, librarian at the University of the

Witwatersrand, said his university would lodge an appeal with

the UMI.

"We have an appeal letter

that points out that this university has a good reputation for

having moved away from discrimination and that it does not

practise it at all." ' ;

He said the UMI had about

700 000 doctoral theses, about

100000 rare and other print

books and about 13 000 newspapers and periodicals on microfilm.

"This seems to be quite a serious and hurtful situation," he

said. '

Academic status

Sapa reported that academics

warned they would experience

difficulties in keeping abreast

of research abroad and their

status as "academics" could be

called into question eventually

by the international academic

community.

University librarians and academics said the microfilm service was the main information

conduit from the United States

on unpublished dissertations and

doctoral theses.

The development might compel South African universities to

resort to "academic sanctionsbusting".

Microfilmed catalogues of

titles and texts would have to be

obtained from "personal contacts" abroad, probably illegally

and involving piracy.

/12828

CSO: 3400/51

101
SOUTH AFRICA

ANTIAPARTHEID GROUPS HOLD VIGIL FOR DETAINED CHILDREN

MB300516 Johannesburg SAPA In English 0055 GMT 30 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town, 29 Jan, (SAPA)--It has been said before "but when I

think what this government is doing to our children I get so angry that I

also feel like saying: I hope there is a God in heaven that can forgive

you (the SA Government) for I do not think that I can", Dr Allan Boesak,

president of the World Alliance of Reformed Churches said in Cape Town

tonight.

Addressing an all-night "Free the Children Vigil" at the St George's

Cathedral for children held in jail under security legislation, Dr Beosak

said the children of South Africa must have a future and it was up to

the leaders of the day to secure that future.

Although Dr Boesak was not down on the program as an official speaker

at the vigil, arranged by the Black Sash, the Western Province Council

of Churches, the Child Welfare Society, the Civil Rights League, the

End Conscription Campaign and the Gardens and Claremont Committees of the

United Democratic Front, special time was allowed for him to address

the arlu evening audience of about 100 people. The vigil started peacefully

at 6 pm with no sign of a police presence and will continue till

2 pm tomorrow.

Mrs Mary Burton, national president of the Black Sash prayed for the children

of the world and the children of South Africa and said there was a big

discrepancy between official figures for the number of children still

in detention and those gathered by other organizations.

"But this is what is so frightening, we do not know" (the exact figures).

Mrs Leah Tutu, wife of Archbishop Desmond Tutu, said all those present

at the vigil should "imagine themselves as parents of those children

detained." All the parents could not attend "for fear of being arrested

themselves".

Mrs Farieda Omar — who said her husband was detained on numerous occasions -

said prisons and police cells were no place to keep children.

"Mothers, comrades, we in the liberatory movement will fight till all our

goals have been reached."

/12624

CSO: 3400/952 102
SOUTH AFRICA

UWC RECTOR DISCUSSES IDEAL OF PEOPLE'S THIRD WORLD UNIVERSITY

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 30 Jan 87 p 15

[Report on interview with new rector of the University of the Western Cape

Professor Jakes Gerwel by Dale Lautenback; date and place not given]

[Text]

"II7ALK with us into the

YV night," said Professor.

Jakes Gerwel.

As new rector of the University of the Western Cape

that was his welcome, his invitation ... indeed, his challenge ... this week to parents

of the university's new students.

It was a catchy line. But

Professor Gerwel is not a

man given to the slick, ro-j

mantic image. What then lies

ahead in this darkness where'

he would have us go? How

does UWC plan to survive the

night?

Already, uniquely, the university is increasingly realising many of its stated ideals.

In 1982 it adopted a Charter

committing itself to non-ra-,

cialism and a total rejection

of the apartheid system

which spawned it as a "coloured" university. It committed itself, also, to the "development of the Third World

communities in Southern

Africa".

Last year Professor Gerwel, as rector-designate, identified UWC as a potential intellectual home for the Left.

Since then it has drawn a

number of top-quality academic heavies to its fold ...

people like Professor Ampie

Coetzee, who is one of the few

to take a left-wing and social

perspective on Afrikaans literature; like Professor Colin

Bundy, a historian whose concerns are people's history and

establishing an alternative to

the "white" view dished up in

traditional South African

textbooks.

That these academics, and

more like them, find

UWC the place to be, says

much about the institution. In

turn, these minds will feed

the university with academic

excellence.

UWC had to earn the interest of the heavyweights,

though, and it has done so

through a combination of the

ideals it has embraced and

made public through its spokespeople and the real and'

concrete programmes and

educational tasks it has set

itself.

"Shrugging off the constraints which kept us bound

as bush college in the past, as

an apartheid institution, has

been an ongoing process

which, if you have to put a

date on it, probably started

with the 1973 boycotts.

"The university was closed,

for the first time staff and

students joined as a body, and

the call for a black rector led

to the appointment of my

predecessor Dick van der

Ross. Then there was 1976

and since then each political

and educational crisis has accelerated the change.

"When I stand up and make

speeches about a night, a new

dawn and a university of the

future I'm not doing it as a

one-man show. I am the university's chief executive but I

am also elected and no one

doubted my politics when

they chose me for this position. UWC is the university it

is today — and one of which

we are increasingly proud —

because we have grown out of

our apologetic past mindfully,

and in identifying and making

known a vision of the future

we can design our present

with that ideal in mind."

The design so far has included the numerous institutes and projects which operate out of the university

and reach the community it

I serves.

The Centre for Adult and

Continuing Education is

a people's education project

offering working adults a seci ond chance to learn; to overi come the disadvantaged eduI cation they were dished up in

the canteen of of separate

education.

The UWC Institute for Social Development seeks to

make social work relevant to

a Third World community

and, to give one example, at

the request of the Cradock

community, this institute has

appointed Di Bishop and

Nyame Goniwe to undertake

a community-cum-research

project in that area.

103
Outreach programmes operate in schools in an attempt

to offset the huge gaps left by

the State educational system.

The quality of teaching, too,

is addressed and courses are

offered to upgrade the skills

of existing teachers.

There is also the university's well-used Plato system

— the largest computerbased educational system outside the United States. This

huge computerised library of

educational bridging material

is used to help both UWC students and members of the

community frustrated by

their educational disadvantges.

And the university faculties

themselves are designed to

make their teaching relevant

to the community. The Faculty of Dentistry operates a

community clinic; the Law

' Faculty runs a legal aid system which not only gives students a real taste of the field

but provides essential legal

advice in communities where

help is at a premium.

The Legal Faculty has also

attracted its share of

leading academics including

Professor Schalk van der

Merwe, who left his post as

dean at Rand Afrikaans University for a UWC professorship, and Professor Alan Copeling, who made a similar

move from theUniversity of

South Africa.

Professor Gerwel notes

with pride the Faculty of

Community and Health Services, a new umbrella faculty

for the old "social sciences"

whose very name is the clue

to the orientation.

The list of achievements

grows as he identifies faculties and departments within

them where renewal and

change have blossomed and

made possible the boast that

UWC might be a niche for the

Left...

"Education, arts, theology,"

he says ... "We have one of(

the prime history departments in the country and the

appointment of Colin Bundy

is evidence of this."

The challenge for UWC is

to accommodate its disadvantaged community — "to be a

Third World university in a

colonial, settler-dominated

society", as Professor Gerwel

puts it — without lowering

academic standards.

We don't have rigid and

academically exclusive entrance requirements. We

must accept the responsibility

of bridging the educational

gap our students arrive with

from state-controlled schools.

As a result we don't have a

separate academic support

programme but the whole

ASP concept is built into our

very teaching.

*'One must be modest \J about the role of the

intellectual institution in a

changing society but what is

more certain is the way in

which an intellectual community can serve to maintain

and endorse the status quo.

"We are only one part of

the society headed into what I

called the night, but, in real

terms, we might contribute to

change and realise our ideals

if we look constantly at what

we teach, how we teach it,

who teaches and at whom we

target our teaching."

Those carefully designed

educational programmes,

subject to constant questioning and revision, make gains

in the race for ideals and

leave the status quo behind.

"We have to look at what

we research, how we research it and how we dissemi- j

nate our research results. All

these are the day-to-day tasks

of which we have to be aware

at UWC.

"Universities," he says,

"have a dual function. An internal responsibility to devel-,

opment and growth within'

the university itself ... to the

pursuit of knowledge and excellence. And secondly, an external function ... a responsibility to the community it

serves and an effort to remain relevant to that community."

The night which lies ahead

is Professor Gerwel's

metaphor for the increasing

state repression he expects,

not only for UWC but for society at large.

"One hears a lot of talk

about a 'revolutionary onslaught' on South Africa but

as a university person and

without access to the security

information that might convince me of this, what I see is

South Africans trying to take

South Africa from South Africans ... and my ultimate con-

' cern is for a nation living in

legitimacy and justice.

"The changed South Africa

is not going to be one of superficial integration ... that's

not the kernel of the problem.

A changed South Africa is one

in which the 'colonised' sec-

| tions of our society are empowered and the university's

role in this is to decolonise

the mind.

"The University of the

Western Cape is explicitly —

I like to say aggressively but

I usually catch myself in time

j — a non-racial university in

the tradition of that social

,-and political context which

! has long identified non-racialism as an ideal for South

Africa.

i "But UWC is also predomij nantly black and as such rep-

| resents something of that

South African ideal: it is noni racial but also not oblivious

to the fact that blacks are

predominant in this society."

Its history and an apartheid

heritage has forced UWC to

define itself in the face of its

community. And it is doing

just that both in the real

world of its teaching, its clinics, institutes and people's

projects, and in the world of

ideals beyond the night.

/12828

CSO: 3400/51

104
DISSIDENTS MAY START CHURCH FOR AFRIKANERS

Durban THt DAILY NEWS in English 2 Feb 87 p 3

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

JOHANNESBURG: A new church for

Afrikaners might be started soon, the

leader of the dissident movement within the Nederduitse Gereformeerde

Kerk said yesterday.

The chairman of the Continuation

Committee for Dissatisfied Members

(CCDM), Professor Willie Lubbe, told

about 70 people at a meeting in Potgietersrus there was no truth in accusations that the right-wing CCDM was

splitting the NGK.

"We are only investigating the possibilities of starting a church for Afrikaners. We have not founded a new

church," he said in reply to accusations

from the church leadership over the

past months that the CCDM is acting

contrary to standing church orders by

collecting funds intended for the NGK.

At a national meeting in Pretoria on

November 28, it was decided the CCDM

should establish an office and start a

fund from money usually paid as tithes

from members of the NGK who are opposed to the open doors decision.

The November meeting also decided

the CCDM should hold information

meetings, such as the one held yesterday, right through the country. As far

as could be established, yesterday's

meeting was the fourth to be addressed

by Professor Lubbe.

The CCDM last week claimed thousands of rands were streaming to their

Pretoria office and that members were

leaving the NGK in droves.

This has been denied by executive

level members and the moderator,

Professor Johan Heyns, who said he

had no knowledge of money being withheld from the NGK or of people leaving

in great numbers although he conceded

that some members were dissatisfied.

/L2828

CSO: 3400/51

"Tens of thousands of rands are

streaming into our account. A congregation in Pretoria has also had, for

some time, a R50 000 trust account,

which they started because of dissatisfaction at the time of the 1982 synod,"

Professor Lubbe said.

He accused NGK ministers of refusing to stand by and assist their members who are opposed to the decision.

He said the church was not allowing

the voice of dissent to be heard and

said the next national meeting, planned

for June 30, would decided on the future for the CCDM.

The CCDM plans to serve the NGK

executive with a memorandum of objections over contentious synod decisions. They expect a reply to this before the June meeting after which "it

might be possible that a new church

could be founded".

At question time, the muted meeting

came briefly to life when a woman

stood up asking in an exasperated

voice: "May God prevent it, but who

will tell that black man who comes and

sits next to my daughter in church that

he must move? How are we going to

keep them out of the schools? All kinds

of illnesses exist which we cannot withstand. What are we going to do?"

Professor Lubbe replied if the church

is opened to all, so must all other

amenities. He said it would not be possible to prevent a coloured man from

getting into the pulpit. He said the

NGK contradicted itself by declaring

church doors open to all while it still

clung to its belief in Christian National

Education since the latter meant "Education for Afrikaners".

The NGK had become "internationalised and politicised" by the decision

: taken at its General Synod in October

last year to open membership for all

races, he said.

105
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TIC CRITIZES BOTHA SPEECH—Johannesburg, 30 Jan (SAPA)—The state president

opening speech to parliament this morning was merely the ravings of a

dictator, the Transvaal Indian Congress said in a statement. It confirms_

to us that Mr Botha is unworthy to bring about the necessary changes to bring

about peace and stability to South Africa," the statement said. His

announcement of the white general election will only serve to push the

white community into a laager and entrench Botha's dictatorship through

the state of emergency. It will also ensure the Indian and colored houses

of parliament will continue to be completely servile to the whims of

the state president. His speech did not address the major issue of

bringing about a democratic and non-racial South Africa based on one man

one vote." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1152 GMT 20 Jan 87 MB]

/12624

NRP CRITICIZES BOTHA SPEECH—Cape Town, 30 Jan (SAPA)—The state president

Mr P.W. Botha, made no mention in his speech opening parliament of the

need to include blacks in its working, the leader of the New Republic

Party Mr Bill Sutton, said today. Commenting on Mr Botha's opening

speech, R Sutton said the state president had also shown "no note of remorse

for the unholy mess into which the government has dumped all South Africans,

especially the Afrikaner volk." He said the Imposition of sanctions

against South Africa had begun after Mr Botha's "rubicon" speech at the

Natal National Party's congress in August 1985. Today's speech also

contained "not one note of recognition of the constitutional importance

of parliament and the urgent necessity to legitimize it by the inclusion

of blacks in the new dispensation". Asked about Mr Botha's reference

to the need to create a statutory body with "real accountability ,

Mr Sutton asked to whom such a body would be accountable. Any change

had to come from within parliament and it was extremely dangerous to set

up statutory bodies in addition to it, Mr Sutton said. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1143 GMT 30 Jan 87 MB] /12624

NEW POLICE REGULATIONS REJECTED—Johannesburg, 31 Jan (SAPA)—The legal

fraternity has slammed the sweeping new powers granted to the commission of

police late on Thursday, saying this deprived the ordinary citizen of

yet another safeguard against abuse by the state. The commissioner s

new powers were given to him in reaction to a court ruling yesterday that

found he had exceeded his powers under the emergency regulations when he sought

106
to muzzle the press. A spokesman for Lawyers for Human Rights said it had

almost been expected the government would refuse to abide by supreme court

decisions and would issue new regulations to circumvent them. "This is an

inherent weakness in our constitutional system in terms of which parliament

can ultimately do as it pleases and the courts are virtually powerless to stop

it," he said. The chairman of the General Council of the Bar of South Africa,

Mr H.P. Viljoen (SC), [Senior Counsel], said it was a matter of "deep regret"

that the government had found it necessary to curb the independent reporting

of factual occurrences in as drastic a manner as had been done in the

regulations. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1024 GMT 31 Jan 87 MB]

/12624

BOTHA ATTACKS CRITICIZED—Johannesburg, 5 Feb (SAPA)—The Transvaal branch of

the Black Sash today criticized verbal attacks on individuals and organizations

by the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, in parliament yesterday. The National

Party increasingly appears to be losing its grip on the country and reality,

and is flailing around attacking everything and everyone in sight," a statement

from the Sash's Transvaal region said. The Sash said Mr Botha launched

"scurrilous attacks against individuals, leading businessmen and organizations

peacefully opposed to apartheid." "If the government had successfully stemmed

unrest it would lift press curbs because it would have nothing to fear from

the truth." "The Transvaal region of the Black Sash is extremely disturbed

that the government is trying to smear organizations and individuals who are

motivated by a sincere desire for justice, peace and an end to apartheid.

The state president's comments in parliament do not augur well for the sort

of climate the forthcoming election will be conducted in, or for future

peace." A cabinet minister alleged that the government-issued unrest figures

were not criticized by organizations such as the Black Sash, which was

untrue, the statement said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1546 GMT

5 Feb 87 MB] /12624

NATIONAL PARTY OUSTER CALLED FOR—Johannesburg, 5 Feb (SAPA)—There would be no

peace and justice in South Africa as long as the National Party remained

in power, an ad hoc group of whites opposed to apartheid said today.

Reacting to the state president, Mr P.W. Botha's criticism of the group in

parliament yesterday it said in a statement today: "The trouble with the

state president is that he is not prepared to tolerate an opposition. He

should not be wasting parliament's time when he has so much to answer for."

"We're astounded that the state president has to get his information from

Lusaka about a small group of South Africans who are deeply anxious about

the future of their country. We're convinced there can be no justice and

peace while the National Party remains in power." The statement was

issued after a meeting in Johannesburg last night. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 0640 GMT 5 Feb 87 MB] /12624

CSO: 3400/952

107
SOUTH AFRICA

'PIVOTAL ROLE' OF PRIVATE SECTOR DISCUSSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Feb 87 p 16

[Report on interview with f

of the South African Founda

date and place not given]

[Text]

ormer ambassador to the UN and director-general

tion, Mr Kurt von Schirnding by Collen Ryan;

Mr Kurt von Schirnding, who began

his new job as director-general of

the South African Foundation this

week, believes the private sector

has a pivotal role to play in creating

a new South Africa.

"If ever there was a time that an

organisation such as the SA Foundation was necessary, then this is it,"

he said.

He said that with sanctions a reality, "it stands to reason that an

organisation like the SA Foundation, . which represents the private sector, j

must be able to project the private

sector's point of view, as to how and

where South Africa is going".

He said it was natural there .j

would be differences of opinion in !

the foundation, "but you cannot get i

away from the fact that it will be- j

come involved in the political pro- ' cess".

"I do not mean in the party political sense, but in the overall political

destiny of the country. It is essential

it should do so."

Progress wanted

Mr von Schirnding said there was

a "broad middle ground in South

African society and in the business

sector" which wanted to see rapid

progress on political reform.

"I see the foundation in its internal role as hopefully being able to

play a strong role in bridge-building, in articulating the private sec»

tor's views on the future political

dispensation.

"Any discriminatory legislation

should disappear off the statute

book. I believe there is a very good

case to be made for accelerating reform and for the Group Areas Act

:to be removed from the statute

book."

However, the foundation should

not be seen as a pressure group in

conflict with the Government because that would be counter-productive.

Asked to comment on recent political developments, such as the

resignation of the "reformed-minded" Nationalist MP Mr Wynand

Malan and the decision of Dr Denis

Worrall to re-enter politics, he said:

"I canot find any fault with most of

the arguments that have been put

forward by people who have lately

enunciated these feelings.

"There is no other way. It is unfortunate that the so-called reform

process has ground to a halt. One,

I can only hope it will speed up after j

the election.

, "In the party political sense, I

i don't think it would be correct for

me to take sides. But I think that

the direction these people are mov-

' ing in is one which most moderate

South Africans could hardly find

fault."

He said there was "no direct

parallel" in his decision to retire

from the foreign service and Dr

Worrell's resignation.

"But there is a parallel in the

sense that in the situation in which

we found ourselves, I could do more

j from the vantage point of the founi dation.

Positive approach

"Mv general approach to my appointment is that I see it in W

positive way. I have always eIt that

an organisation such as this could

play a pivotal role in encouraging

f Mr von Schirnding said the kwai Zulu-Natal Indaba was "a very interesting exercise which should be

Bien most serious consideration .

' "If the people of Natal rea ly

; want an Indaba-type self-governing

setup, they should be allowed to go

; ahead with it," he said.

I

1 «We should see how it works out.

One should not write it off. Somei how the logjam has got to be bro1 ken. The Indaba is one of many proI posals. It should not be rejected out

! °* Asked what his views were on ne-

! gotiations with the African National

i Eongress, Mr von Schirnding said.

»'You cannot ignore the ANC.

'f '"The Government has taken a

cjlear line. As long as the ANC espouses violence and retains its communist component, then the Government is not prepared to enter into

discussions with it. It is a stand one

can understand."

However, he added that "there is

no question, in the long run, you are

going to have to speak to all the

various groupings that make up the

political spectrum".

"In the long run, you are going to

speak to the ANC. The point, is

when'" Mr von Schirnding said as ambassador to the UN he had experienced

frustrations and "an obvious disappointment at the pace of reform .

108
"These were considerations which

weighed, or course. But I reached

the point in my career when I felt I

could make a greater contribution

in the private sector.

Looking back on his four years in

the United Nations, he said "it was

probably the most frustrating job

that you could have in the foreign

service".

"In a bilateral post, you are not

exposed to the same intensity of

anti-South African feeling as at the

UN. There is not a day that passes

that some document in which South

Africa is attacked is handled," he

said.

'His position was made more difficult by South Africa's exclusion

. from the General Assembly.

He said "behind-the-scenes", con«

tacts were very important: "We also

' had success in a monitoring role".

Mr von Schirnding firmly, believes that South Africa should remain in the UN and put its case in

the security council as often as possible. " ^He said this was important because the country's representatives

frequently had the opportunity of

trying to put the record straight in

the face of "blatant untruths". ,

Asked whether he did not find it

difficult to defend many aspects of

. Government policy, he said: "Theile

were times when it was very difficult.

"You cannot allow your personal

feelings to intrude, or you cannot do

your job. You act as an advocate of

South Africa and put its case as bes?t

you can." .,',

Difficult defence

He said one particular instance

where he experienced problems in

defending the Government was

after the raid on Cabinda in Angola.

"That was difficult to defend wtth

regard to one's conscience and credibility." . He said there were times when

there were "conflicts of con-

" Science".

"There are many aspects of Government policy with which I vehemently disagree, but there were

periods when you felt euphoria,

when the Government Introduced

major reforms, such as the abolition

of influx control and the lifting of

the ban of mixed marriages".

Mr von Schirnding said it was a

misconception that an ambassador

was "simply the representative of

the Government of the day's policy". He tried to present the views of

other parties in South Africa, including the views of the New Republic Party and the Progressive

Federal Party.

/12828

CSO: 3400/52

109
SOUTH AFRICA

ECONOMISTS LIST FACTORS WHICH WILL INHIBIT GROWTH THIS YEAR

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Feb 87 p 2

[Article by Helena Patten]

[Text] MOST economists have conservative projections for economic

growth this year, and do not exSsct any dramatic slowdown in

e inflation rate.

Their estimates for growth in

gross domestic product are cautious

- between 2% and 4% - and estimates for inflation are between 15%

and 20%.

Several economists say factors

•which will inhibit stronger growth

are:

D A weak revival in personal consumption spending which will have

an adverse effect on the level of

inventories and fixed investment,

especially private sector investment;

D Little hope of improved performance in SA's exports;

DThe enormous debt under wh'ch

consumers are labouring.

However, a number of factors will

contribute to growth in the economy

this yean

DThe good rains which will boost

agricultural output;

DA strong possibility of tax cuts;

D An increase in State spending in

the run-up to the general election.

Individual economists made these

predictions:

D Rudolf Gouws, group economist

for Rand Merchant Bank: 2,5% economic growth and an average inflation rate of 17,5%. Some short-term

relief will be felt but inflation will

rise again towards the end of the

year,

Louis Geldenhuys, of stockbrokers

George Huysamer: 2,5% growth and

inflation between 16% and 18%;

DCees Bruggemans, economist for

Barclays: a "statistical" growth of

more than 4% is possible, with inflation fluctuating between 15% and

20%;

D Hans Falkena, economist for UBS:

2% growth and an average inflation

of 18% — 20% in the first quarter,

easing to 17% in the fourth quarter.

Although economists do not see

inflation subsiding significantly, the

possibility of hyper-inflation is not

considered likely in the near future.

However, Falkena said that if government granted substantial pay increases to civil servants, the resulting inflation would force a

depreciation of the rand to maintain

SA^s export competitiveness.

He said this situation could be

"very dangerous".

/9274

CSO; 3400/61

110
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

RSC'S BUDGET FOR FIRST YEAR--A preliminary estimate indicates about R800m

will be collected from turnover and payroll taxes to finance regional

services councils (RSCs) in the first year of operation. Department of

Finance chief executive (policy) Gerhard Croeser said yesterday that although

the assessment had been made two years ago, ne believed the figure to be

roughly accurate. MEC in charge of local government John Griffiths said

the projected tax rate--0,17o on turnover and 0,257« on payrolls—was modest.

It might well have to be doubled in the second year, once the needs of

various councils had been determined. Griffiths said the tax would be

uniform for the first year. It might even be uniform for the second year,

but different RSCs would eventually have different financial needs, and the

extent of the taxes would have to be adjusted in individual regions. He

said he was running on a tight scheudle, but if all went according to plan,

RSCs in the central Witwatersrand, the East Rand and West Rand and Pretoria

would start from July. Croeser said departmental organisation, including

collection machinery, was in place and ready for the start of RSCs. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 5 Feb 87 p 3]/12828

WHEAT CROP COUNTRY'S SECOND LARGEST--Thanks to the good rains, the secondlargest wheat crop in South African history--2256 million tons —is about to

be harvested, according to the general manager of the Wheat Board, Mr Denis

van Aarde. Maize farmers predict a healthy harvest of nine million tons

this year—but they say they have reservations about the new maize marketing

system which is expected to bring lower producer prices on larger crops.

He said that an above-average harvest had been recorded in the Free State

where good rains had fallen. Last year Free State wheat farmers brought

in 450000 tons but this year their production was expected to be around

1,1 million tons. The Cape was expected to turn in a crop of 900000 tons

while the Transvaal would produce 177000 tons. Natal—not traditionally a

wheat area—had produced another 40000 tons. Mr van Aarde added that the new

maize marketing system would have an effect on the wheat industry. "From

this season, the price of maize will depend on the size of the crop—the

bigger the crop, the lower the prices. "Some of this year's good crop

will be exported at a loss. "This means the producer price will come down

and we can therefore expect that a certain percentage of the land, including

border areas and those with low potential soils, could be turned over for

wheat production." The general manager of the National Maize Producers

Organisation (Nampo), Dr Piet Gouws, has called for a subsidy on the export

price of maize. [Text][Johannesburg THE STAR in English 30 Jan 87 p 4]/12828

111
POOR EAST CAPE WHEAT HARVEST—While the rest of South Africa has experienced

a bumper wheat season, three years of drought in the Eastern Cape have resulted in the worst harvest in years. Yesterday, the general manager of the

Wheat Board, Mr Denis van Aarde, said the second largest wheat harvest in

South African history was expected this season. However, this was "thanks to

the Free State and no thanks to us," said Mr Clive Brown, head of the wheat

section of the East Cape Agricultural Co-operative in Paterson. Mr Brown said

the three districts in the region, Bathurst, Albany and Alexandria, had three

crop failures in a row. The district yielded a harvest this season of about

7,100 tons, a third of the average of about 20,000 tons. He said from a bumper

crop of nearly 25,000 in 1983, the figure dropped to 9,300 tons in 1984 and to

8,500 in 1985. Mr Andries Moolman at the Humansdrop Co-operative said the

situation in the Humansdorp district was "very poor." This season's wheat

harvest was about 5,000 tons, compared with the 11,000 ton average. [Text]

[Article by Kin Bentley] [Port Elizabeth EVENING POST in English 30 Jan 87

p 11] /9274

CSO: 3400/61

112
SOUTH AFRICA

SURVEY CONDUCTED ON ARMS, AMMUNITION INDUSTRY

Industry Expects Gun Control Laws

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Jan 87 pp 1, 10

[Article by Andrew Gillingham]

[Text]

ABOUT 70% of all firearms

sold in SA are bought for security reasons — yet it is estimated that less than 1% of

private users have an accurate awareness of their use.

Business Day examines the

issue today in a survey on

arms and ammunition.

IT IS not yet obligatory for gun owners to undergo training before they

qualify for gunlicences, but industry

sources expect this to change.

Views on the extent of the expected

changes differ, but the prevalent opinion

is the authorities will introduce ä requirement that potential gun owners

must pass a proficiency test on the particular firearm for which they wish to

receive a licence.

' On the whole, gunshop owners appear

to favour such controls. They are against

any legislation which might prohibit the

private ownership of weapons. Otherwise, they argue, the only people who

will have firearms outside of the police

and armed services, will be criminals.

In 1984,120 558 firearm licences were

issued. In 1985, this rose to 135 382. At the

end of 1985 a total of 1012 972 people in

SA were licenced to possess firearms,

and, at that time, 2 272 412 firearm licences had been issued.

The consumer firearm market in SA is

estimated at R60m including accessories, and price rises have been steep at

300%-400% over the last five years. The

most popular type of weapon for selfdefence is the .38 Special, with average

prices up from R500 five years ago to

more than R2 000 today.

Imported ammunition prices have increasedby about 100% over the last year

and price rises in the locally manufactured product are expected this year.

The performance of the consumer

firearms market has, in most cases,

been good over the last year — with

business up between 25%-50%.

Co-owner of Bentel Arms, Brian Bentel, has expanded the family business

from one store in 1982 to four stores.

Bentelsays businessincreased by 50%

in 1986 over 1985 and indications are the

trend will be sustained.

113
Companies' Security, Weapons Policies

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Jan 87 p 10

[Text]

ABOUT 70% of all firearms are bought for security

purposes. Yet Armoury Academy dirator, Tony

CrosTsays few companies have a stated policy with

regard to the possession of company weapons.

Selection of security staff andtheir training to the

use of firearms is, he believes, in most cases lax

In ignorance, some companies even issue firearms

unlawfully to their staff. When buying weapon, most

companies do not follow investigation procedures

which would otherwise accompany purchases. Asla

result, they often buy weapons unsuited to their requirement!! and to the safety of those who casern

Many companies also lack any effective procedure

or policy with regard to staff members' personal

firearms. Simply stating that arms must not be

brought on to die premise is insufficient, says Cross.

The company must implement adequate measures to

prevent private arms from being brought on to its

Lack of training - particularly for security staff -

can lead to prosecution of the companies concerned.

There are three common situations involving arms

in a security situation.

Firstly, in a suspect situation — and most of these

involve innocent people - there is the danger of

untrained staff over-reacting.

Then there are cases where an offence is involved,

but where the use of lethal force is not justified. For.

example, trespass alone does not justify the use of

lethal force. Until recently the penalty for trespass

was a R50 fine or three-month sentence. Even now the

penalty is R2 000 or two years' imprisonment.

The third circumstance is when confronting an

armed and dangerous criminal. There are three instances when the use of lethal force is considered

justified in the eyes of the law, says Cross - in

defence, in case of necessity and when making an

Arrest

Should a person be killed or injured, the person who

pulls the trigger is responsible. However, if this person is acting in the course of his company responsibllties and it can be proved the company was negligent

in training or establishing correct operating procedures, then it might also be liable.

Cross believes there is an increasing awareness on

the part of companies for the need to establish adeauate selection and training of all staff who come into

contact with arms. The Institute of Security Weapons

Trainers has been established to guide commerce and

industry and is willing to assist, Cross says.

Gun Safes Recommended by Merchant

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Jan 87 p 10

[Text]

SA gun-owners are arm-"

ing the country's criminals through their own ignorance and carelessness.

In 1986,10 111 weapons

were stolen. In many

cases the theft could have

been prevented if the

owner had taken the right

precautions.

Joint owner of a gunshop and an indoor shooting range Mike Henn says

his shop sells eight to 10

gun safes each month —

10% of what it should.

Henn stipulates who

needs a gun safe: "If the

weapon is being carried

by the owner allthe time

then there is little need

for a gun safe. However,

many of those who buy

weapons do so 'just in

case* and seldom carry

the weapon: here, the gun

should be kept in a safe.

, "There are also those.

who own more than one'

weapon, and they should

have a safe for their guns.

And while a safe will not

prevent the burglar who

is prepared and determined, it will prevent,

theft in most cases."

And the cost of a small

three-handgun safe?

About R100, a mere fraction of the cost of a firearm.

114
Training 'Essential'

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Jan 87 p 10

[Text]

GUNS are Resigned as lethal weapons, yet owners

often have no training in their use.

Industry sources estimate that of those who apply

for licences, only l%-3% undergo any formal firearms training.

Institute of Security Weapons Trainers chairman

and a director of the Armoury Academy, Tony Cross,

says the quality of such training varies considerably.

"Many instructors do not qualify as trainers and do

not build up instruction programmes. This gives rise

to poor, non-professional firearms training. Overseas,

particularly in Europe, there is a much greater

awareness of training needs.

"South Africans tend to believe that with the licence comes the knowledge and ability to use the

firearm safely and within the ambits of the law. In

fact, I believe less than 1% of users have an accurate

awareness of their skill and about the same percentage have the necessary legal knowledge," he adds.

Firearm owners need to know the rules for the safe

handling of weapons and how these rules apply to

particular weapons, as well as the legal aspects of

possessing a firearm and the legal and ethical considerations regarding the use of lethal force.

Technical knowledge on the performance of both

weapons and ammunition is essential.

/9317

CSO: 3400/986

Added to this is the need to know ammunition

deflection, as well as whether the ammunition is

suitable for the purpose intended. Being aware of the

different weapons' characteristics will help the buyer

to ensure the weapon is reliable and suitable for the

purpose for which it has been bought.

A lack of knowledge of the weapon can place the

user in some danger.. Cross points out many people

believe an automatic should be carried cocked with

the safety catch on. However, if the weapon is

dropped it could discharge, even with the safety catch

on.

Potshot gunshop and shooting range co-owner,

Mike Henn, offers all customers a free gun handling

course when they buy a weapon from him. The ninehour course covers the legal aspects of firearms, safe

handling, cleaning, as well as practical shooting.

But only about 50% of buyers attend the course.

' Brian Bentel of Bentel Arms believes the increased

purchases of firearms he has noted is not so much due

to unrest, but rather to the increased crime rate. He is

also adamant that customers should learn to use the

weapon they buyi

"The mature person will learn. He will accept he is

not safe simply because he has bought a weapon.

"All our stores are closely associated with shooting

ranges, so the facilities are there for the new gun

handler to learn."

115
SOUTH AFRICA

IMPROVED COAL-MINING PROCESS CONSIDERED MILESTONE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 26 Jan 87 p 8

[Article by Peter Stacey]

[Text]

A DRY process for the removal

of stone waste from coal has

been described as an important

milestone in beneficiation technology by Economic Affairs

and Technology Deputy Minister T G Alant.

The process, on which the Coun-,

cil for Scientific and Industrial researchhas been working since 1982,

was demonstrated in Witbank on

Friday.

It involves gravity and friction

separation of the heavier mineral

waste from run-of-mine coal on a

pneumatic table. ' CSIR National Institute for Coal

Research director Johan Dekker

says while the technique is by no

means new it has been significantly

improved through research and development.

The elegantly simple design

achieved by Dekker's team quadruples the feed rate achieved by existing plants in Spain and Germany.

It also increases versatility by providing adjustment to operational

parameters.

The principle is straightforward.

Run-of-mine coal is fed on to an

inclined table where air blown

through the deck from the bottom,

as well as a shaking motion, keeps

the particles in a fluid state.

The heavier fraction (stone)

gravitates to the bottom, where the

direction of oscillation moves it up

the slope and out at the top end of

the table. The lighter coal on the

other hand "floats" down the table

and comes off at the other side.

One of the major contributions of

the local scientists has been the

8revision of an adjustable underow weir (see graphic interpretation of the process). This helps to

virtually eliminate any coal loss to

the discard side.

The demonstration unit, which is

being used in a year's test programme at Rand Mines' Duvha colfiery, is a full-scale, 45- to 50-tonan-hour plant. The test programme

is scheduled to run for a year.

While this plant cost R500 000 to

build - and includes a high imported-component content — Dekker

says local manufacture would

prove considerably cheaper. What makes the process part cularly attractive is its mechanical

simplicity and reliabilty, low running and maintenance costs and

low manpower needs. In addition, it

doesn't require a high level of skill

from operators.

For application to power station

feedstocks — a prime target area

for use of the units — the process

offers:

DDry beneficiation, compared to

heavy media separation plants. No

drying process is required.

G Higher caloric values and higher

volatiles content of the feed, which

can contribute to higher operating

efficiencies and better boiler functioning. . . ...

D Lower ash content has a twofold

benefit in that fly ash slag fouling

of the hn'l«?«^ is reduced and energy

is not wasted in heating the incombustible minerals which make up

the ash.

D Reduced wear on the mills,

which pulverise the coal to talcum

powder consistency before it is fed

to the boilers. The stone fraction in

unbeneficiated SA coals is both

hard and highly abrasive.

D Reduced sulphurous fume pollution from power generation. While

clean SA coal is not excessively

high in sulphur, there is a high pyrite (sulphide minerals) content in

the waste stone that this process

reduces.

D Flexibility. The units, which are

modular, can be brought on line

and started up almost immediately

to cope with changing coal-production rates.

While Dekker is not saying precisely what mines are being looked

at, he says investigations are under

way.,

The process offers an attractive

beneficiation option, especially

where water scarcity is a problem

— for example in the Northern

Cape.

/9317

CSO: 3400/995

116
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

INTERMEDIATE CARBON CHARGE CHROME PLANT—Ferrometals, part of the Samancor

group, has commissioned a Rl5m plant at Witbank to produce IC3 (intermediate carbon charge chrome), a new alloy for the foundry and special steels

industries. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Jan 87 p 1]

/9317

BLAST-FURNACE COMPONENTS DOMESTICALLY PRODUCED—International Combustion

Africa (ICA) has produced blast-furnace components which previously had

to be imported from Japan. The Alrode-based company produced the components as part of a contract for Iscor. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY

in English 20 Jan 87 p 4] /9317

LONG WEAR-RESISTANT COATING DEVELOPED—TRICO-CORR, a Randburg-based friction

and wear-resistant coating specialist, has developed two long-life coatings

for machinery, say company officials. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY

in English 20 Jan 87 p 4] /9317

ARMSCOR TO PROMOTE EXPORTS—ARMSCOR [Armaments Development and Production

Corporation] has introduced a new program which is expected to have a significant influence on the manufacturing industry. It is anticipated that the

program will make the export of weapons by the corporation and its affiliates

one of South Africa's largest manufacturing exports. The executive manager

of ARMSCOR, Mr Johan van Vuuren, told our Pretoria news staff that a new

stage had been reached in weapons production and that more advanced equipment

would have to be produced. He said various parts which had been freely

available for use in the manufacturing process had become difficult to obtain

because of the increased pressure of sanctions. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 3 Feb 87 MB] /9274

CSO: 3400/977 _ END _

117