167190

JPRS-SSA-87-033

13 APRIL 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980611 148

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JPRS-SSA-87-033

13 APRIL 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Briefs

CIDA Funds Electricity Project 1

ANGOLA

Credit Agreement Signed With GDR

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA', 9 Jan 87) i • ..... 2

Fishing Boats Acquired From Spain

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 14 Jan 87) 4

North Cuanza Public Transport Company Beset by Problems

(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Jan 87) 5

Briefs

Recruitment Campaign in Malanje 7

DJIBOUTI

Briefs

France Increases Aid °

ETHIOPIA

Briefs

Cooperation Agreement With Greece 9

KENYA '

Sudan's Action in Expelling Active Uganda Rebel Praised

(KENYA TIMES, 19Feb87) 10

a -
Rice, Sugar, Tea Price Increases Announced

(DAILY NATION, 20 Feb 87; SUNDAY NATION, 22 Feb 87) 12

Details of Increases 12

SUNDAY NATION Comment, Editorial 13

Government Ends Meat Price Controls

(DAILY NATION, 20, 24 Feb 87) 15

Minister's Announcement, by Pius Nyamora 15

Resulting Price Increases 16

Kanu B Group Warned To Stop Propaganda Activities

(Warambo Owino; KENYA TIMES, 9 Feb 87) 17

Two Sentenced for Seditious Activity

(Andrew Kuria; DAILY NATION, 13 Feb 87) 18

Two Party Officials Arrested, Released, Make Statement

(Joe Kimathi; DAILY NATION, 26 Feb 87) 19

Oginga Odihga Comments on Luo Burial Case

(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 20 Feb 87) 20

Mirror Group To Acquire Share, Expand Kenya Times

(Peter Kareithi; FINANCIAL REVIEW, 26 Jan 87) 21

Moi Announces Procedure Changes for Cooperatives

(Chris Musyoka; DAILY NATION, 8 Feb 87) 25

Briefs

Muslims Rebut Statement 26

Somali Air Force Officers 26

Cotu Cost of Living Study 26

Need for Drinking Water 27

MOZAMBIQUE

Commentary Describes 'Secret Weapon' Against RSA

(Maputo Domestic Service, 21 Mar 87) 28

Prime Minister Inspects Industrial Sites

(NOTICIAS, 7 Feb 87) 29

Security, Food Situation in Tete

(Orlando Bahule; DOMINGO, 22 Feb 87) 31

Briefs

Renamo Power Struggle in Lisbon 34

Food Relief for Tete 34

Cooperation Discussed With Portugal 34

- b -
35 58,000 Freed From 'Captivity

NIGERIA

Babangida on West African Military Buildup

(DAILY TIMES, 21 Feb 87) . ,

Polish Assistance to Anambra State

(DAILY STAR, 25 Feb 87)

Waziri Ibrahim on 1990 Political Plans

(Sani Zorro; THE TRIUMPH, 24 Feb 87) Jö

Maitatsine 'Fanatics' Said Returning to Gombe

(Waziri Garba; NEW NIGERIAN, 20 Feb 87) »

Aikhomu on Willingness To Protect Defense-Related Industries

(NEW NIGERIAN, 24 Feb 87)

Oba/Onitsha Airfield Begins Service in Anambra

(DAILY STAR, 5 Mar 87) • •••

ANC Representative Calls for Tighter Security

(NEW NIGERIAN, 6 Mar 87) **

35 Year Service Set for Civil Servants

(Chris Obinagwam; DAILY TIMES, 25 Feb 87) ••

4J

Restrictions on Civil Servant Study Leave

(Suleiman Dangana; NEW NIGERIAN, 27 Feb 87) ^

Petroleum Minister Discusses Oil Reserves, Marketing

(NEW NIGERIAN, 20 Feb 87) • ^

Domestic Crude Oil Consumption Figures

(Ndu Ughamadu; BUSINESS TIMES, 23 Feb 87) 4°

SFEM: Low Market Demand Threatens Business Closures

(Momodu Yakubu, Osaka Okorie; SUNDAY TIMES, 22 Feb 87) 47

Ajaokuta Steel Company: Units Ready for Commissioning

(Samuel Owolabi; SUNDAY TRIUMPH, 22 Feb 87) *»

1986 Commodities: Import, Export Statistics

(Babtunde Akerele; BUSINESS TIMES, 23 Feb 87) 50

Rice: Smuggling Forces Prices Down

(Omafume Amurun; NEW NIGERIAN, 24 Feb 87) ^

Kaduna Poly Technic Research Developments, Projects

(DAILY TIMES, 24 Feb 87) 5J

- c
Corporation Begins Military Uniform Production

(NEW NIGERIAN, 28 Feb 87) 54

Paper Supports Government Uranium Exploration Projects

(Editorial; THE TRIUMPH, 2 Mar 87) 55

States Register Commercially Viable Gold Deposits

(DAILY TIMES, 7 Mar 87) .. 57

Briefs

Youth Group on ANC Pledge Fulfillment 58

SFEM Dealers Urge New Bidding Method 58

Imo Airport Progress 58

Industrial Courts Jurisdictions Approved 59

SOMALIA

Briefs

New Party, Government Post 60

TANZANIA

Agreement With Indonesia To Intensify Relations

(Habib Halahala; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 5 Mar 87) 61

Sweden, Norway To Assist in Improving Dar es Salaam Port

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 9 Feb 87) 63

Finnish International Development Agency Pledges Aid

(Pudenciana Temba; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 17 Feb 87) 64

President Campaigns for Reawakening of Self-Reliance

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, various dates) 65

Government Alone Cannot Meet Needs 65

WASHIRIKA To Give Up Subsidy, by John Wayule 66

Editorial Urges Self-Help 67

Results of Zanzibar Local Election Reported

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 11 Feb 87) 68

Special Constabulary Police Cadre To Be Introduced

(Abdallah Yakuti; TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 3 Mar 87) 70

Parastatals To Get More Freedom, To Be More Accountable

(TANZANIA DAILY TIMES, 6 Feb 87) 71

Tazara Railway Reportedly Needs Almost $180 Million

(TANZANIA DAILY NEWS, 14 Feb 87) 72

- d -
ZIMBABWE

HERALD Criticizes U.S. Plans for Zaire Air Base

(Editorial; THE HERALD, 11 Mar 87) 73

Briefs

Drought in Save

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Minister on Separate Schools, Group Areas Act

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 21 Mar 87; Johannesburg

Television Service, 21 Mar 27) ••••••

Briefs

Deputy Minister on 'Gray Areas'

BLACKS

ANC's Nzo Condemns Whites-Only Election

(Harare Domestic Service, 24 Mar 87)

Buthelezi Calls on West To Act as Mediator

(SAPA, 24 Mar 87)

Buthelezi Claims Blacks Realizing Need for Negotiation

(SAPA, 23 Mar 87)

e -

75

Minister Predicts ANC Defeat, UNITA Victory

(SAPA, 19 Mar 87) 76

CP, HNP, NP on Transvaal Prospects

(Jaap Maris, et al. Interviews; Johannesburg Television

;Service, 20 Mar 87) •

78

82

82 Group Areas Act xn Force

Affirms 'Credibility' of Act 82

Prison Service Says Children Treated Well

(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 27 Feb-5 Mar 87) 83

Minister Lists Overcrowded Prisons

(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 6-12 Mar 87) 84

85

NP Members Defect _

85

Treurnicht Supports Sovereign White Parliament 86

CP Leader on Pact Failure 86

Viljoen on Referendum °"

87

88

89
Municipal Guards Replace SADF in Duncan Village

(Louise Flanagan; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 6-12 1Mar 87) 91

Umsa Challenges Ucasa for Dominance of Black Township Councillors

(Patrick Laurence; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 6-12 Mar 87) 92

SARHWU Leaders Praise Union in Interview

(GRASSROOTS, Feb 87) 94

Soweto City Councillors Live Under Strict Security

(Duncan Guy;.THE SUNDAY STAR, 8 Mar 87) 95

Attorney's Fund Helps Would-Be Black Lawyers

(Mick Collins; BUSINESS DAY, 10 Mar 87) 97

Marchers Protest Soweto Rent Evictions

(SAPA, 25 Mar 87) 98

Unemployment, Malnutrition Widespread in Lebowa Villages

(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 24 Feb 87) 99

Coca Cola Shares Made Available to Black Retailers

(Patrick Bulger; BUSINESS DAY, 6 Mar 87) \ 101

Briefs

May Holiday Declaration 102

Former ANC Members Released 102

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

PFP's Andrew Foresees Shift Away From NP

(THE CITIZEN, 20 Mar'87) 103

PFP MP Says Government 'Insane' on Group Areas Act

(SAPA, 22 Mar 87) # 104

SABC Pledges To Honor Cultural Obligations

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 23 Mar 87) 105

Commentary Claims Blacks Reject ANC Violence

(Johannesburg International Service, 23 Mar 87) 107

Success of Non-Racial Private Schools Noted

(Dennis Cruywagen; THE ARGUS, 23 Feb 87) 108

Mixed Schools Seen To Be Working Well in Natal

(THE ARGUS, 23 Feb 87) ll0

Future of Universities Lies in Profits From Research

(Alan Duggan; SUNDAY TIMES, 8 Mar 87) HI

- f -
SABC Removes Dissenting Academic From Board

(SAPA, 19 Mar 87) ••

112

Stellenbosch Law Students Reject Group Areas

(SAPA, 20 Mar 87) ..... •

113

Black, White Unionists Protest Over New May Holiday

(SAPA, 23 Mar 87) ••

115

Unions Increasingly Asking Shorter Work Weeks

(Duncan Innes; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 27 Feb-5 Mar 87) 116

Briefs

248 Indians Die Violently H

8

Solidarity Party To Retain Role 118

ASS0C0M Says Apartheid 'Built Into RSC's' 118

/9987

- g
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

CIDA FUNDS ELECTRICITY PROJECT—The minister of mineral resources and water

affairs, Mr Archie Mogwe; the Zambian minister of power, transport and

communications, Mr Chuula; and the Zimbabwean minister of energy and water

affairs development [title as heard], Mr Kangai, on Wednesday signed an

agreement for the supply of electricity from Zambia to Botswana. The

agreement was signed at the Chobe game lodge in Kasane, and a joint statement

was released after the three ministers meeting, which was held in camera.

The agreement, known as the River Crossing Agreement, will provide low-cost

electricity to Kasane from the Zambian grid. The electricity will also be

distributed to consumers in Botswana, Zimbabwe, and Zambia. It is hoped that

the agreement will help promote cooperation between the electricity utilities

in the region. The project is funded by the Canadian International

Development Agency, CIDA. The CIDA has pledged 4.1 million pula toward the

project. The money will be provided under the auspices of SADCC. The joint

statement said that in order to facilitate the. smooth completion of the

project, each of the three countries involved should undertake to allow

its territory to be used for purposes of implementation of the project. The

statement expressed the hope that the project will enhance industrialization

and commercialization of the SADCC region, which according to the

statement, has relied heavily on tourism for its foreign exchange earnings.

The project is to be completed by November this year. [Text] [Gaborone

Domestic Service in English 0510 GMT 6 Mar 87 MB] /12624

CSO: 3400/273
ANGOLA

CREDIT AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH GDR

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 9 Jan 87 p 1

[Text] Yesterday in Luanda, at the close of the sixth session of their

mixed commission for cooperation, Angola and the German Democratic Republic

signed a credit agreement amounting to $100 million.

The agreement was signed by the head of the political bureau of the central

committee of the MPLA-PT, Maria Mambo Cafe, and by a member of the central

committee of the Unified Socialist Party of Germany (PSUA), and vice-president

of the Council of Ministers of the GDR, Wolfgang Rauchfuss.

According to a reliable source contacted by this newspaper, ANGOP, the credit

given by the European country will be used between now and 1990 for the purchase of equipment, trucks, and consumer goods, as well as for carrying out

studies and projects, according to our source.

At the same time, the two countries also signed a protocol with regard to

the sixth session of the mixed commission, which began Wednesday in the Angolan

capital. This document was also signed by Maria Mambo Care and Wolfgang

Rauchfuss.

Also, during the course of the discussions, an audience was granted to

Solfgang Rauchfuss by Pedro de Castro Van Dunem ("Loy"), a member of the

political bureau of the Central Committee of the MPLA Workers Party; matters

having to do with cooperation between the two countries were discussed.

The German official was also received yesterday by the ministers of agriculture and transportation, Evaristo Kimba and Bernardo de Sousa, respectively..

The Ministries of Industry, Agriculture, Transportation and Communication,

Labor, and Social Security are all headed by Pedro de Castro Van Dunem, and

in all of these sectors Angolan-German cooperation is in full progress.

In industry, the GDR is participating in the manufacture of Simson motorcycles

at the Fabimor factory in Luanda, where the production capacity is 10,000

units annually. The Fabimor unit will be a topic of discussion at a meeting

to be held between Wolfgang Rauchfuss and the Angolan minister of industry,

Henrique Santos ("Onambwe"), who is a member of the Angolan delegation to

the sixth session, which ended yesterday in Luanda.
With regard to East German-Angolan cooperation, it should also be noted that

East German technicians specializing in agricultural machinery and equipment

and truck repairs have been working in Angola, and a number of Angolans have

been receiving professional training in East Germany.

12857/9738

CSO: 3442/80
ANGOLA

FISHING BOATS ACQUIRED FROM SPAIN

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Jan 87 p 3

[Text] Baia Farta—Five new trawlers acquired by Angola from Spain were

delivered to the fisheries authority of Baia Farta during a ceremony held by

the head of the authority, Emilio Guerra.

The boats, which have an 80-ton capacity and are 30 meters long, were built

at the Huelva boatyards in Spain, and will be added to the Fropesca fleet

in order to increase the catch of the local fishing industry.

The boats are delivered under guarantee, which cost the country about $2.045

million (one dollar is equivalent to about 30 kwanzas). The crew of 18, of

which 4 are Spanish and the others Angolan guarantee the operation of the

boats.

The national director of fisheries, Alberico Naval da Silva, in an interview

with the local press, said that the increased catch will be a boost for the

Ministry of Fisheries at the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) with regard to greater contribution to the development of

the region, and will also increase export levels.

Alberico da Silva said during the interview that there are three other boats

of equal tonnage as the previous ones destined for Benguela province whose

delivery is expected at the end of February.

At this point the director praised the performance and dedication shown by

the workers of the ministry, saying that it will guarantee the success of

the proposed results, and will contribute to the socio-economic development

of the People's Republic of Angola and to the welfare of its people.

The reception ceremony was attended by the provincial commissar of Benguela,

Major Joao Lourenco of the Central Committee of the MPLA-PT Workers Party,

as well as by other guests.

12857/9738

CSO: 3442/80
ANGOLA

NORTH CUANZA PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMPANY BESET BY PROBLEMS

Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Jan 87 p 3

[Text] The Public Transportation Company (ETP) of North Cuanza has recently

been experiencing extremely difficult problems. According to a reliable

source, the problems are the result of poor organization and uneven management performance and that's not all. The ETP has 143 employees throughout

the province, and has at its disposal 8 trucks with 23 drivers. It has only

three shops for parts replacements and truck repairs. In addition, according

to our source, the company is experiencing financial problems resulting from

unpaid debts amounting to about 30 million kwanzas, most of which is owed

by Egromista.

As a result, the company owes approximately 84 million kwanzas, representing

30 months of back salaries, to its workers.

Another negative situation involves the illegal sale of the company's trucks.

Some trucks that are in good condition, and ought to be providing service to

the company, are illegally sold to private parties that invade company

installations. For example, a Volvo truck which only needed tires and had

some other minor problems, all completely reparable, was sold after its old

motor had been replaced with a new one.

This sort of thing began in the towns of Samba-Caju and Ambaca, where 8 trucks,

most of them in good condition, were found to be in the hands of private

parties who were waiting, perhaps, for a lapse in conscience on the part of

some official of the company in order to make an illegal sale. All of this

was completely unknown by the Provincial Commission for Price Reductions.

Mateus Inacio Cauxeiro, head of the company, was removed from his position

for reasons of inability to carry out his work and for being implicated in

the case.

Our source also said that the company's problems have for a long time been

related to the poor performance of the provincial delegation for the Ministry

of Transportation and Communications; this group exercised insufficient control over its domain. That is why, in terms of profitability, the company

finds itself in the worst situation ever. It had budgeted revenues of 41.195

million kwanzas for last year, but that figure reached only about 17 million,
while the cost of production was 15.5 million. These data clearly illustrate

why the company finds itself in trouble, and why it has had to seek loans from

the private sector that have already reached the level of hundreds of millions

of kwanzas.

Curiously, the provincial delegate for the ministry in charge of that sector

from his position, and the appointment of his replacement is awaited.

An old proverb says, "A toad doesn't lose his skin in the water." But another

says," ... except when the water is boiling."

Who is going to save the ship?

12857/9738

CSO: 3442/80
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

RECRUITMENT CAMPAIGN IN MALANJE—The Malanje Recruitment and Mobilization

Center (CRM), in that province, exceeded by 11 percent its planned quota for

the recruitment of young men for military service according to Captain Antonio

Damiao da Silva, the main in charge of the center, in a statement to ANGOR.

The captain Damiao da Silva said the higher figure was reached as a result of

efforts by the JMPLA party's youth movement in creating awareness among young

civilians, and of the support given by the president of the provincial

recruitment commission. He also said that there are 12 mobilization and

recruitment stations in various municipalities of the province, and that

their work has been satisfactory. Captain Damiao da Silva said there are

plans for a new grain storage facility at the center of the crop region,

enlargement of installations, and a reinforcement of the political/patriotic

work that was begun before the recruitment effort. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL

DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 4 Jan 87 p 3] 12857/9738

CSO: 3442/80
DJIBOUTI

BRIEFS

FRANCE INCREASES AID—The Second portion of French financial aid to

Djibouti for 1987 amounting to 82.5 million French francs has been

delivered to Muhamed Dj ama Elabe, the Djibouti minister of finance and

national economy. France has increased its financial aid to Djibouti

for 1987 by one-third. [Summary] [Djibouti Domestic Service in Somali

1645 GMT 9 Mar 87 EA] /12624

CSO: 3400/273
ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

COOPERATION AGREEMENT WITH GREECE-Revolutionary Ethiopia and Greece

today signed on economic cooperation agreement to strengthen ^exr relations

in various economic spheres on the basis of mutual benefit. ^J^eement

was signed by Comrade Dawit Getachew, head of the socia and economic

section S the National Committee for Central Planning [NCCP with the

rank " commissioner, and Mr (George Jokali Dipasil), special secretary

and advisor of the Greek Ministry of National Economy, at the end of a

3-day economic cooperation meeting of the two. countries» deleSf^ns at

the NCCP office hall. The two countries have reached agreement on

industry, agriculture, transport, communications, jourlam "ade. scxeoce.

technology, and other spheres which require attention in the future.

Thifmeetxng was held in Addis Ababa in line with an agreement signed

in June 1986 in Athens on economic, scientific and technical

cooperation by the two countries' delegations. Text [Addis Ababa

Domestic Service in Ahmaric 1800 GMT 14 Mar 87 EA] /12624

CSO: 3400/273
KENYA

SUDAN'S ACTION IN EXPELLING ACTIVE UGANDA REBEL PRAISED

Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English 19 Feb 87 p 6

[Comment]

[Text]

PRIME Minister Sadiq El-Mahdi of the Sudan,

one of Kenya's five neighbouring countries, has

imaginatively decided to facelift his country's image abroad and in the rest of Africa and it is worth

taking objective notice of his regime's current

diplomatic initiative.

During his prolonged chairmanship of the

Organisation of African Unity President Daniel

arap Moi travelled near and far pleading with the

various fellow Heads of State and Government to

implement sincerely, among the organisation's

other provisions of its charter, the ones hinging

on respect for one another's sovereignty and territorial integrity.

And it is, indeed, encouraging to note that, like

President Yoweri Museveni of Uganda and Chairman Mengistu Haile-Mariam of Ethiopia, Premier

El:Mahdi, too, has vowed to promote good

neighbourliness.

Sudan's reported decision to get "good riddance", through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, of Ugandan rebel, exgeneral Basilio Okello, is a case in point.

All member-states of the OAU are enjoined to

prevent lawfully dissidents in refuge from misusing the territories of their temporary solace as

bases ofsubversive or any other operations against

the regimes with which they had fallen out of

favour for any reasons whatsoever.

10
But, in so doing, all our governments are morally obliged to respect the precepts of elementary

human rights, which are enshrined in the UN and

OAU charters. They cannot deny refuge, comfort

and protection to the scores (nay, tens of

thousands) of displaced and uprooted persons —

men, women and children — who leave their countries in disarray, as refugees, in the midst of

"coups d'etat" or devastating natural calamities.

Basilio Okello, a typical desperado, and his confederates must be made to realise that they do not

have the ghost of a chance.to regain their lost

'•glories" in Uganda.

/9317

CSO: 3400/49

11
KENYA

RICE, SUGAR, TEA PRICE INCREASES ANNOUNCED

Details of Increases

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 20 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

The prices of sugar,

rice and tea have gone

up.

The increases, which take

effect immediately, are

announced in today's

Kenya Gazette by the

Minister for Finance,

Professor George Saitoti.

Prices for these commodities

were last increased in January 1986.

Sugar has gone up by an

average of 95 cents a kilo, up from

ShT.55 to Sh8.50 in Nairobi and

Nakuru. There are corresponding

increases for other parts of the

country.

The country's sugar production

dropped from 401,239 tonnes to

345,641 tonnes last year and the

Government had to import 40,000

tonnes.

The price of Basmati rice goes

up from Sh9.35 to Sh9.85 per kilo

while that of Sindano rice rises

from Sh7.70 to Sh7.90 in Nairobi

and other parts of the country.

Corresponding increases have

been announced for North-East*n

Province and parts of the Coast.

Other brpnds of rice will cost

an average of 20 cents a kilo more,

up from Sh7 to Sh7.20 a kilo.

The price of a 200 gramme

BJack and Gold tea label tea

shoots up from Shl0.40 to

Shi 1.95, an increase of Shi.55.

Safari pure tea (500 grammes)

will cost Sh20.60 from 17.90. A

500 gramme packet of Fahari ya

Kenya has had its price raised

from Sh'15.85 to Shl8.25, up by

Sh2.40.

And a 500 gramme packet of

Karibu Chai goes up from

Shi:).15toShl5.15.

On Wednesday, the Minister

for Agriculture. Dr William

Odongo Omamo, announced

. increases in the producer prices of

sugarcane and paddy, and higher

prices for seed maize and wheat

from the 1987 crop.

The into-factory producer price

of sugarcane went up from Sh300

to Sh341 a ton. The ex-factory

price went up from Sh5,262 to

Sh5,830aton.

The retail price of sugar is

expected in the Gazette notice

today.

The producer price of Sindano

paddy went up from Sh2.90 to

Sh3 a kilo, and the producer price

of Basmati paddy from Sh3.75 to

Sh4akilo.

The producer price of seed

maize from the 1987 crop has gone

up from Sh5 to Sh5.50 a kilo and

that of seed wheat from the 1987

crop (grade 2\, cleaning loss

average 15 to 20 per cent) from

Sh258.30 to Sh296.10 a 90 kg,

excluding the price of-the bag.

12
SUNDAY NATION Comment

Nairobi SUNDAY NATION in English 22 Fe.b 87 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

The higher producer prices for sugarcane, paddy and the

maize and wheat seed announced the other day, have been

followed promptly by higher consumer prices of sugar, rice

and tea. People also expect higher meat prices following the

Eovernment's move to decontrol prices.

Whether Increases take place if the meat prices occur,

and by what margin, remains to be seen. What the government clealy wanted was to benefit the livestock farmer

through higher prices, and it thought the best way to do it

was to allow the market find its own level.

Consumers will feel that their own case has not been

considered. True, they will feel the pinch, especially those

whose incomes may not be rising at the same rate to cover

the consequent rise in the cost of living. This is likely to be

the case with wage-earners and of course, the unemployed.

Because these groups, especially those urban-based are

fairly vocal, it is sometimes tempting to give more weight to

th^ir concerns and lose sight of other equally or even more

— important national concerns and objectives.

For many years, most African governments have devoted more time and resources to appeasing these groups

at the expense of the farmers, with disastrous consequences.

They kept producer prices far below production costs so as

to make the lives of urban dwellers more cost-efficient and

more comfortable, hoping thereby to win their continued

8UPPBut in many countries, farmers stopped production

altogether, resulting in widespread food shortages and high

food prices, a situation only ameliorated by heavy government subsidies. The affected governments also ran substantial deficits importing food. It led to a restive population

This is something those of us affected by the higher

consumer prices must keep in mind. For there is, even here

in Kenya, evidence that our own farmers are not willing to

keep producing regardless of what they stand to lose in

.doing so. And the case ofsugar is a good example.

We are in a position to achieve self-sufficiency in sugai

production. We have adequate land and the right climatic

conditions. But in the past couple of years we have had to

import substantial tonnage ofsugar to meet our needs. 1 his

is because sugarcane farmers felt that what they were

getting was not worth their land, labour and money.

In Kenya we have to make it worthwhile for our farmers

to invest their time, labour and money if we are to get an

ample supply of foods at a price affordable by most of the

Kenyans who have to buy food. The same applies to other

agricultural commodities, especially those over which we

have a say.

13
We should never condone policies which make farmers

feel it would be better to let the land lie fallow rather than

have it under crop. Thatwould only lead this country down

the dangerous path of shortages, higher prices and ever

famine, as well as spending colossal sums of hard-earnec

foreign exchange on food imports.

In raising the producer prices, the Government expects

farmers to respond favourably with increased production,

particularly of the affected crops. At least we hope the

action also is seen as a signal that the Government is out to

see that farmers are rewarded adequately by those producing crops not affected by the latest round of price increases.

It is now up to the famers to respond with positive action.

/9317

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14
KENYA

GOVERNMENT ENDS MEAT PRICE CONTROLS

Minister's Announcement

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 20 Feb 87 pp 1, 32

[Article by Pius Nyamora]

[Text]

The Government yesterday

removed control on the prices of

all types of meat. The Minister

lor Livestock Development, Mr

Kyale Mwendwa, told a press

conference in his Nairobi office

that control on small stock prices

had also been lifted.

However, the producer and

retail prices of milk would remain

at. their 1986 levels — Sh3.25 and

Sh6 a litre for fresh milk, and

Sh3.25 and Sh7.80 a litre for

UHT milk.

Mr Mwendwa recalled that the

price of high grade beef had

already been decontrolled for

some time and that a nationwide

control also existed at the retail

level for low-grade beef (with or

without bone) as well as liver,

heart, tongue, kidney and tripe.

"The Government has decided

trTdccoiitrol the 1987 producer

and retail prices of beef," Mr

Mwendwa said. Also decontrolled

were the 1987 retail prices of

small stock (rabbits, goats,

sheep, chicken and other animals

smaller than cattle).

"These measures on the

producer prices of livestock

products have been taken to give

the producers maximum incentives," Mr Mwendwa told the

press conference.

"Livestock farmers are,

therefore, expected to take

advantage of the present good

weather conditions, and the

favourable incentives to supply

these commodities to the

market." ,

Answering a question on the

impact this development will

have, the Minister said: l he

market is expected to determine

the prices as is always the case in

all decontrolled items. In other

words, it will be any price the

market can stand."

The Minister pointed out that

livestock production had

recovered "very well since the

1984/85 drought, mainly because

of the very favourable weather in

1985 and 198G". .

He went on: "The national

herd has not. quite got to its predrought levels but it is quite close

to it, and it is expected that it will

reach it during the year."

The controlled prices of the

lower grade beef has been Sh22 a

kg for bone meat and Sh27.10 for

meat without bone.

15
Resulting Price Increases

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 24 Feb 87 p 24

[Excerpts]

The price of meat has gone up.

by between nine and 35 per

cent in butcheries across the

country following the

(lovernment's move last week

to decontrol the prices.

A butchery in Westlands' City

.'.ommission market was selling a

'n'logramme of steak for Sh35, up

from the old price of Sh27.10.

Butcheries dealing with highclass meat in the area had,

however, not raised the prices.

The price of bone meat is up

from Sh22 to Sh24 in all the

butcheries in Dagoretti Market. A

kilogramme of goat meat was

selling for Sh28, up from Sh26.

Some popular butcheries along

River Road last week raised

pricea by between Sh4 and ShlO.

The chairman of the Kenya

National Butchers Association,

Mr J. K. Kirimn, warned

butchers at the weekend against

increasing the prices of various

cuts of meat unilaterally, as this

might make the Government reimpose the controls. He said

prices had gone up by 25 per cent

soon after the Government lifted

price controls.

"We must protect the consumer and ensure that, even the

jobless Kenyan eats some meat."

MrKhimasaid.

The Central Organisation of

Trade Unions has alreadv

opposed the lifting of the control,

saying the' prices might go up

"astronomicaly.""

The Cotu Secretary-General, Mr

Joseph Mugalla, was reported in

the Press as saying that since the

demand for meat was very high,

waiving the price control would

signal a rise at the butchery."

Announcing the move to decontrol the price of meat, the

Minister for Livestock Development, Mr Kyalc Mwendwn, said

"these measures have been taken

to give the producers maximum

incentives."

' A prominent Nyeri butcher, Mr

Kioue Mukungu, urged the

Government to reintioduce the

control.

Mr Mukungu of Ndururumo

Butchery, told the Nation (hat

rather than decontrolling retail

prices, the Minister should have

curbed meat exports.

He said Arabs were offering

prices twice as much as the local

dealers. "Bulls that could normally cost Sh4,000 are being sold

to the Arabs for ShÖ.OOO on the

average." •

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16
KENYA

KANU B GROUP WARNED TO STOP PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES

Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English 9 Feb 87 p 5

[Article by Warambo Owino]

[Text]

KAKAMEOA district Nanu

chairman Mr'Moses Mudavadi has warned that his

office will deal with a group

of people in Hamisi division

known as "Kanu B" unless

they stop their propaganda

activities and join other

officials of the sub-branch to

develop the nation.

Mr Mudavadi said the

district Kanu office will not

intertain such people "becuase

it is clear from the beginning

•that they are out to creat

division and that is why they

have given themselves a

different name instead of

seeking redress through proper party channels . . He warned that if the so

called "Kanu B" cannot

come out and join others in

the sub-branch, "we will

crash them so that they can

feel the power of the ruling

party".

Said Mudavadi: "Kanu is

one and the only ruling party

in the country of which all

Kenyans are members and it

was funny that someone

should4say he belonged to a

"Kanu B." 4 -

:

The notorious "Angola

Musumbiji" gang which has

terrorised wananchi in Western Province and brought

fear in the villages was "also

condemned. In a thunderous

chorus the gathering sreamed

that the gang must be crashed

and those against Kanu be

"trampled".

Mr Mudavadi, who is the

MP for Vihiga and also the

Minister for Local Government,was the chief speaker

during a Kanu rally held at

Hamisi Market on Saturday.

The Hamisi rally was the first

in series of political rallies

which will be held in all subbranches of Kakamega district.

The MP for Lurambi South,

Mr Reuben Otutu who js the

Kakamega branch treasurer",

made the first attack on

disloyal Kanu elements not

only at Hamisi division but in >

(•the district. He said in his

own sub-branch, Lurambi

South, "when somebody plays

with the name of the party,

we shall trample him".

This was cheered by wa

nachi and echoed by the

•other sub-branch chairmen

who addressed the meeting.

They included Emuhaya subbranch chairman, Mr Eric

Khasakhala who is also an

Assistant Minister for Information and Broadercasting

and Ikolomani sub-branch

chairman Mr Seth Lugonzo.

who is also an Assistant

Minister for Transport and

Communication and also

Kanu vice-chairman of Kakamega district.

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17
TWO SENTENCED FOR SEDITIOUS ACTIVITY

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 13 Feb 87 pp 1, 5

[Article by Andrew Kuria]

KENYA

[Excerpts]

The author of the book My Life in

Crime, John Baptisla Wanjohi

Kiriamiti, was yesterday jailed for

seven years for taking an unlawful oath biding him to a clandestine movement.

He had earlier reported the

movement as publishing

seditious documents but later

took the oath and was given a

sub-machine-gun to be used in

robbery to boost the movement's

funds, the Chief Magistrate, Mr

H. H. Buch, heard.

Kiriamiti told the magistrate

he had left jail in July, 1984, after

serving 14 years in jail for violent

robbery jn 1971. He said he had

left jail a "completely repentant"

man.

Hut, sentencing him, Mr Buch

said Kiriamiti did not appear to

have reformed. Kiriamiti, he

commented, should not have

gone back to a life of crime.

Kiriamiti admitted that on

November 14, 1985, without

being compelled to do so, he took

(he illegal oath.

In the same court a clerical

officer with the Ministry of Water

Development, Raphael Kariuki

Ndung'u, who on New Year's Eve

was arrested in Nyahururu for

shouting words in praise of the

movement, was jailed for 15'

months for failing to report that

the movement was publishing

and distributing seditious documents.

The Assistant Deputy Public

Prosecutor, Mr Bernard Chunga,

told the court Kiriamiti had been

lK>rn in 1950. The accused had

gone through primary and secondary school between 1957 and

1966, dropping out in Form three.

lie had then followed a drivers

course.

"In 1985 he got a job with a

publishing firm, living in

Nairobi. He also ran ä bar along

Hiver Koad, Nairobi," said Mr

Chunga.

He said it was while at the bar

that Kiriamiti met-a friend he

had known between 1983 and

1984. They held discussions at

the bar, the court heard.

"In the course of the discussions the accused was informed

by the friend that an

underground movement had been

formed to light and bring down

the Government.

The friend had informed the

accused that the movement was

publishing and distributing

seditious papers and documents

to arouse the interest of the

masses," said Mr Chunga.

He said it was then that

Kiriamiti was eiven n

copy Special Mpatanishi Number

/ /. The copy spelt out the

movement's objects and

Kiriamiti took the copy to read at

home.

On Ndung'u's case, Mr Chunga

said While working with the

Ministry of Water Development,

had met an old friend. He had

then been informed about the

movement and how it was distributing seditious publications,

I'ambana and Mpatanishi.

Both men were given 14 days to

apiwal.

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18
TWO PARTY OFFICIALS ARRESTED, RELEASED, MAKE STATEMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 26 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Joe Kimathi]

KENYA

[Text]

Two top officials of the Nyeri

branch of the ruling party

emerged from a long interview

with the police yesterday to

appeal to the Government to

protect Kenyans against those

"driven by malice to malign

others".

Chairman Isaiah Mathenge

and secretary David Munene

Kairu said they had had

"lengthy, separate discussions

(with the police) to clarify various

matters with them."

In a joint statement, they

appealed to the Government "to

be watchful over the activities of

those who might be driven by

malice to malign others and bear

false witness against their

political rivals". They did not

elaborate.

The two officials of the Kenya

African National Union (Kanu)

and Mr Kim Gatende, a former

Rift Valley provincial engineer,

were arrested on Monday,

released on Tuesday and ordered

to report to the Nyeri office of the

Special Branch yesterday. After

the quizzing they were told they

could go home.

Neither of the two gave reasons

for their arrest nor details about

their meeting with police.

The statement said in part: "In

the spirit of Nyayo we ask Nyeri

people to continue to stand firmly

behind Kanu and Nyayö Government and to reject outright

agents of political divisions and

opportunitism.

"As Kanu leaders in Nyeri District, we call upon our people to

continue to be on the lookout for

any illegal activities and report to

the authorities any such activities

which they may come across.

The two party bosses condemned "self-seekers" who malign

others for personal gain.

They said: "As staunch Nyayo

followers, we unreservedly

condemn any attempts by

anybody to discredit or injure

another's social and political

stature and integrity on grounds

ofself-seeking."

The statement was read to the

Press by Mr Kairu at the party

branch offices in the presence of

Mr Mathenge, branch treasurer,

Mr Kihoro Matu, the assistant

treasurer, Mr Wachira

Mathenge, the district youth

leader, Mr Charles Muriithi, and

other party officials.

Mr Mathenge said the statement was prompted by a great

public demand "for us to clear

the air on our arrest".

"It is true we were separately

arrested on . Monday, February

23, and held overnight in different police stations from where

we were released yesterday

(Tuesday) morning and asked to

report to Nyeri police the follow-.

ing day," the statement said.

Alter his arrest at 5 p.m. prr

Monday, Mr Kairu was driven to

his home at Chinga in Othaya

Division and later taken to Naro

Moru Police Station.

/9317

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19
KENYA

OGINGA ODINGA COMMENTS ON LUO BURIAL CASE

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 20 Feb 87 p 7

[Excerpt]

WHILE tho S.M. Otieno burial row looks

destined for another round, this time in

the Court of Appeal, the matter has

become a topic of great public debate and

there have been varying reactions to Mr.

Justice! S.E.O. Hosire's ruling delivered

last week. The most startling reaction

came from a former vice-president, Mr.

Oginga Odinga, who last weekend said

that the attitude that members of the Luo

community can only be buried in their

ancestral homes was parochial and lacked

a cosmopolitan outlook. Odinga said that

the defunct Luo Union (East Africa), of

which he was a founder member, had

encouraged Luos to buy property and

settle in major towns such as Nairobi,

Mombasa, Kampala and Dar-es-Salaam,

as a result of which many Luos, including

the late Otieno,. had established homes

around the urban centres, where they

could be buried when they passed away.

.Odinga asked members of the community

to change their conservative attitude least

they be left lagging behind by other communities, giving atv example of the

Kikuyu, whom he said were ready to

settle and engage in business anywhere.

Odinga was speaking in Siaya at the

funeral of the late Dr. Zacharia Nyamodi,

whose widow also took up the theme,

appealing to members of the community

to review age-old traditions and customs

governing widows and bring them into

tune with the modern times. Also

speaking at the same occasion was the

Ml' for Gem, Mrs. Grace Ogot, who said

that women wanted to see some changes

in the traditions and that widows should

be respected. During the High Court case

over the burial of Otieno, the advocate for

the Umira Kager clan, Mr. Richard

Kwach, argued that, according to Luo

customary law, widows have no say concerning the burial arrangements of a

departed husband, the matter being

handled by the deceased's adult brothers

and male members of the clan.

Although Odinga no longer has the

political clout in Luoland he once had, the

former vice-president and one-time

opposition leader is still a venerated

figure in the region, especially among the

older generation and his opinions still

carry a lot of weight. That he has chosen

to take a position on the matter that is

diametrically opposed to the view

apparently held by a large segment of the

Luo population is noteworthy, more so

when his views are given support by

prominent members of the Luo community like Mrs. Ogot, who is the only

woman assistant minister, and Mrs.

Nyamondi who is the managing director

of the.Kenya. Industrial Estate^

On Monday of this week, Mrs. Otieno

was quoted as saying that Odinga's

comments were "God's truth" and that he

should be listened to.

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20
KENYA

MIRROR GROUP TO ACQUIRE SHARE,. EXPAND KENYA TIMES

Nairobi FINANCIAL REVIEW in English 26 Jan 87 pp 7, 8

[Article by Peter Kareithi]

[Text]

The Kenya Timen Limited, Kenya's only

wholly locally owned daily newspaper

publishing company, is to join its two

older competitors — the Nation and.

the Standard — in being partly foreign

owned. And the decision is sending

ripples through the publishing industry in

the country. British press baron, Mr

Robert Maxwell and his Mirror Group

Newspapers becomes the foreign minority

party in the Times. Majority shareholding

will remain with the ruling party, the

Kenya African National Union (Kanu),

currently 100 per cent owners of the

Times group which includes the Kenya

Times Ltd (publishers of the Kenya

Times, Sunday Times and Kenya Leo)

and Press Trust Printers Limited.

The joint venture has been arranged

through a new company — Kenya Media

and Text Book' Company — to be owned

60 per cent by Kanu and 40 per cent by

the Mirror Group. Mirror's initial investment in the new company will be shs

600m. Initial plans, which both sides said

were aimed at establishing the Kenya

Times as the leading newspaper in East

Africa, are to convert to colour printing

and to offer training for Times journalists

both on the job, using Mirror't personnel

based in Nairobi, and in London at

Mirror's newspapers.

Once colour printing is installed, the

joint partners plan to launch publication

of a full-colour monthly woman's

magazine. There are also plans for special

supplements for distribution to interested

parties abroad, describing investment

opportunities in Kenya. In the first of

such supplements published jointly by

the Times and the Mirror groups last

Tuesday, Maxwell said the plan was not

merely to make the Times the most

successful paper in East Africa but also

cut "across a wide range of other printing,

publishing and communications ventures". According to the supplement, the

agreement included the publication of

education materials and production of

text books for schools and other institutions, both in Kenya and for export. There

are also plans to set up and operate a commercial , television channel financed

through advertising revenue.

The company plans to base its operations at a media centre it plans to put to

put up at the intersection of Kenyatta

Avenue and Uhuru Highway, next to the

old Nairobi provincial commissioner's

office. The Mirror Group is expected to

fund the construction of the 30-storey

twin tower office block which will also

house the new press. Currently, the Times

press is at Dar-es-Salaam Road in

Nairobi's Industrial Area.

The company's announcement that it

planned to start a private commercial

television channel was interesting in that

the government, which controls all radio

and television broadcasting in the

country, has strongly resisted such overtures in the past. With Kanu's backing,

however, the new venture might wield the

necessary clout to overcome that

resistance.

21
But while eye-brows may be raised

about the plans for television, the

strongest ripples will be felt in the

publishing industry in the country. In

newspaper publishing, the new venture

poses a major challenge to the other two

major publishing houses — the Nation

Printers and Publishers Limited and The

Standard Limited. Nation, established in

1959, is currently the leader of the pack

and has been so for more than a decade.

The group is largely owned (60 per cent)

by the Aga Khan, the religious and

secular leader of over 20 million Ismaili

Muslims worldwide. The rest of the shares

are quoted on the Nairobi Stock

Exchange. The group is a highly

profitable operation, with the profits

pouring in from Nation Newspapers

Limited, the newspaper publishing arm.

Kenya Litho Limited, which operates the

commercial printing and packaging

market, has not been performing

favourably in the past few years and has

made losses for two years running. Still,

with the profits from the Nation, the

whole group returned profits amounting

to shs 26m last year, nearly 12 per cent up

from 1985. Circulation figures have also

been on the rise for several years now. The

Daily Nation, the flagship of the group,

sells 150,000 copies a day, the Sunday

Nation the same a week, while the

Swahili daily, Taifa Leo, and its Saturday

weekly edition, Taifa Weekly, average

about 65,000 copies daily.

Even before the coming of Maxwell to

the Times had been made public late last

year, the Nation group had already

announced plans for a major expansion

programme, mainly in its printing

facilities. Early this month, just a few

weeks after President Daniel arap Moi

announced that Maxwell was coming to

the Times, Nation's managing director,

Mr John Kabaka, disclosed plans to computerise the group's production process

all the way from the newsroom.

The new media company's plans to go

into school books production is likely to

affect the operations ofsome of the major

commercial printing companies,

including Kenya Litho. Currently,

publishing of most school text books is by

the Jomo Kenyatta Foundation and the

Kenya Literature Bureau, both parastatal

organisations. Neither of the two

publishing houses has printing facilities of

their own. They contract printing

companies like Kenya Litho. The

proposed new competition, backed by the

party, could be a formidable challenge.

Unlike the Nation group, The Standard

has not been doing well at all, both in

profits and in circulation. Established in

1902, the newspaper group is the oldest in

the country. It was overtaken by the

Nation in the early 1970s as the leading

paper in the country, and never

recovered. On the contrary, circulation

figures have been on the downward trend

from about 60,000 in mid-70s to about

38,000 in 1986. The Sunday Standard,

launched in 1979, has not done much

better and figures are more or less the

same as those of the sister daily publications. The group's Swahili weekly,

Baraza, was closed down in the late 70s.

22
The Standard Limited is part of the Consolidated Holdings Limited of Lonrho

East Africa which is owned by another British press magnate and industrialist, Mr Roland "Tiny" Rowland. A few of Consolidated Holdings' shares are

quoted on the stock exchange. The Standard has been losing money for some

years now and it had to sell its commercial printing and packaging arm,

Printpak Limited, several years ago. Rowland, who owns the London Observer

and the Glasgow Herald, recently bought Today, the modern newspaper technology's state-of-the-art London daily launched by high-tech entrepreneur

Mr Eddie Shah, barely a year earlier. He has widespread interests in

various sectors in Kenya but there are no indications of plans to revamp

the sagging newspaper operation in Nairobi. It is, however, rumoured that

he is considering reviving the Argus newspaper across the border in Uganda.

Rowland's Lonrho group owned the Argus before it was nationalised by

dictator Idi Amin and later died.

The rumoured plans to revive the Airgus are apparently part of a wider

scheme of things that Rowland has for his operations in Uganda. He has

been wooing President Yoweri Museveni's regime in Kampala in the hope of

participating in future major projects in the country. A few months ago,

he clinched a deal to construct an oil pipeline from the Kenyan border

with Uganda to Kampala, linking Uganda with the East African Oil Refineries

in Mombasa through the existing pipeline in Kenya and a planned extension

to the border. He is also said to have offered to handle all the bulk

shipment of Ugandan crude from world markets to the port of Mombasa for

refining. Other plans Rowland harbours in Uganda include looking for

rights to the defunct Kilembe copper and cobalt mines and a major role in

the marketing of Uganda coffee, the country's number one revenue earner.

The Kanu-Mirror Group dream of making the Kenya Times the most successful

newspaper in East Africa is not likely to be easily achieved, if at all.

Besides Nation's determination to maintain the lead through improved technology, the Kenya Times group is at the bottom of the ladder of the daily

newspaper industry in Kenya. Circulation figures stand at around 11,000

for both daily and Sunday editions. Kanu took over the newspaper, together

with the printing press, in April of 1983, when it bought Stellascope

Limited, former publishers of The Weekly Review, Financial Review's sister

publication. In its first two years of operation under Kanu, the group

had lost over shs 27m and continues to lose more. There have also been

numerous changes in the company's board of directors. Despite several

probes by committees set up by the party to look into the weaknesses of

the group, the problems persisted.

Due to financial constraints, the Times group was forced to move out of

the posh offices it occupied in the ultra-modern, ICEA Building on Kenyatta

Avenue to a crowded dinghy premise in Kingsway House on Muindi Mbin&u

Street, formerly occupied by the Nairobi provincial headquarters of the

Special Branch, the civilian intelligence police department. Since 1983,

the paper has been beleaguered with chronic management personnel problems.

In that period, two managing directors and one general manager have been

removed and three managing editors have left. There have also been numerous

changes in the company's board of directors. In the past year, the paper

23
was run by Mr Mitch Odero, a youthful but experienced journalist who held

editorial positions at The Standard and the Nation before joining the

Times. Though chairman of what was called the staff management committee,

Odero's appointment was acting managing editor of the daily paper. At

the beginning of this month, he was appointed acting group managing editor

but in a surprise move he was suspended from the company two weeks later,

only days after he returned from London for talks with Maxwell on the

future plans for the newspaper group.

After more than three years of operations, the Times group appointed its

first editor-in-chief at the beginning of January. The post went to Mr

Henry Gathigira, a lacklustre veteran who had twice "retired" from the

Standard in the same capacity. Since the announcement of the plans with

the Mirror!Group, staff morale at the Times, which had hit rock-bottom

has begun to pick up. There is a new air of excitement and expectancy.

That is as should be, for despite the odds, Maxwell has been known to turn

major money losers into gold mines.

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24
KENYA

MOI ANNOUNCES PROCEDURE CHANGES FOR COOPERATIVES

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 8 Feb 87 pp 1, 28

Article by Chris Musyoka]

[Excerpt]

President Moi yesterday directed that

officials of the

Ministry of Cooperative Development

will no longer sign

cheques drawn for cooperative society

members.

He said some ministry

officers, who are supposed

to safeguard members'

money, had colluded with

management officials of some

societies in corrupt practices.

This, he added, had eroded

the confidence which

members had in these

societies.

President Moi said this when

he addressed a huge goodwill

delegation of officials

representing all co-operative

societies who called on him at his

Kabarak home, led by the

Minister for Co-operative

Development, Mr Maina

Wanjigi.

President Moi said that when

the co-operative movement was

started, it was found necessary

that ministry officials should be

involved in signing the cheques to

ensure that the money was not

stolen.

' But the officers, the President

said, took active part in acts of

bribery and corruption with some

management committee

members.

For this reason, he said, the

signing of the Cheques will from

/9317

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now on be left to the society

officials alone since they now had

the necessary education to

shoulder the responsibility of

safeguarding the millions of

shillings entrusted to them by

their respective members.

The President announced,

amid applause from the cooperators, that elections for

society officials should be held

after three years instead of the

present system of holding elections annually. This, in addition

to returning some of the officers,

would ensure continuity, stabilise

the societies and lead to

efficiency and proper management of the society funds.

The President said he was'

satisfied with the leadership in

the co-operativ —ovement

saying that the leaders iiad a heavy

resDonsibilitv of taking care of

members' money, adding that the

entire co-operative movement

accounted for 45 per cent of the

national economy.

For the movement to succeed,

President Moi said, co-op officers

must be efficient, members must

be confident with their leaders

and the leaders themselves must

be trustworthy.

"If leaders conduct the affairs

of the societies according to lajd

down regulations, members will

have confidence in them, and this

will not only lead to a steady

growth of the societies but the

leaders will be re-elected to their

offices," he told the delegation.

The President told the officers

to ensure they drew up annual

balance sheets showing their

expenditure and_ told the Commissioner for Co-operntives to

retire inefficient and corrupt

officers.

He further advised management officers of societies to consider buying farm inputs in bulk

and even import fertiliser directly

as happens in. Murang'a to

minimise their cost's. ,

On seminars, the President

advised societies not to hold them

for the sake of it But to have

specific objectives which would

improve theirsocieties.

The President told Kenyans to

shun tribalism as it has never

improved anyone's lot. He also

advised them to be careful about

what they said or did and strive

to enhance unity in the country.

"We thank God for the continued peace in our country but

people should not cheat themselves that there is guarantee that

the peace will continue," he said.

He said some people, opposed

to the Government, including

even businessmen, had foolishly

and blindlv taken oath and. "will

get lost without knowing."

He urged Kenyans to safeguard

and maintain peace since no one

would be spared if chaos broke

out as has been witnessed in some

African countries.

President Moi reiterated the

Government's commitment to

weed out officials from nongovernmental organisations

whose mission in Kenya was

dubious or officials who were

loitering in the countryside.

Some of them, he said, were

behind the propaganda campaign

against the country and wanted

to create chaos.

25
KENYA

BRIEFS

MUSLIMS REBUT STATEMENT--Kenyan Muslims "are genuinely sincere in loyalty,

patriotism and responsibility and are not discriminated against in any way

whatsoever." Making the assertion in a signed statement yesterday, a

well-known social worker, Mr A.M. Koor, added his query to the scores of

others that inundated "Times" editorial desks yesterday. The irate callers

justifiably queried a statement attributed to Mr Mohammed Amana, Organising

Secretary, Kanu Lamu sub-branch, appearing in yesterday's issue of "Kenya

Times." Mr Amana was quoted in yesterday's news item as saying Muslims

wishing to travel abroad should get "permission" from the Ministry of

Foreign Affairs. He also reportedly said that "any Muslim defying the

presidential directive will be disciplined by the Supreme Council of

Kenya Muslims." While five of yesterday's callers told "Times" editors

that Mr Amana "was totally wrong," scholarly social worker Mr Koor commented:

"Kenya is the only country in the world where Muslims enjoy absolute freedom

and receive better treatment than their brothers and sisters in Islamic

States." Another prominent social worker, Dr Yusuf Eraj, told "Kenya

Times": "Our beloved President has never issued such a directive and I

can vouch that Kenyan Muslims are genuinely loyal and second to none in

patriotism." [Text] [Nairobi KENYA TIMES in English 14 Feb 87 p 8]

/9317

SOMALI AIR FORCE OFFICERS—Two Somali airforce officers flew into Kenya

last Sunday morning in a two seater airforce plane and landed at Malindi

airport. The crew is believed to have left Somalia from Kisimayu, a Somali

coastal town in southern Somalia. The two crew men were armed with pistols

which they surrendered to Kenyan security personnel immediately, together

with their personal effects. The Somali officers, believed to be lieutenants, are still being interrogated by Kenyan security personnel in Malindi.

[Text] [Nairobi KENYAN TIMES in English 25 Feb 87 p 1] /9317

COTU COST OF LIVING STUDY—The Central Organisation of Trade Unions (Cotu)

yesterday released its study on defects in the costs of living statistics

for lower-income workers. The report, which was released by the Cotu

secretary-general, Mr J.J. Mugalla at a press conference in Kisumu says

that for one to live on the bare minimum poverty data line, he needs

Shi,053,05. Mr Mugalla said the gap between the minimum expenses had

widened on the past 10 years and there was urgent need to do something

about it. He said that following the survey, Cotu had prepared a proposal

26
to be submitted this week to the Minister for Labour so that a wages council

order may be convened. Minimum wages should be raised to over Shi,053

because the prices for commodities had increased in the past 10 years by

239 percent. The report says the minimum monthly food requirement for a

family of four is Sh719, without domestic requirements like house rent,

water and soap. Mr Mugalla, who read the report to newsmen, said lowincome workers were having a difficult time and were constantly being

forced to lower their living standards due to rapid inflation. He said

low-income workers were not adequately paid to be able to buy the quantity

and quality of food needed to sustain proper health. [Excerpt] [Nairobi

DAILY NATION in English 24 Feb 87 p 5] /9317

NEED FOR DRINKING WATER—About 14 million Kenyans don't have access to

safe drinking water and adequate sanitation, the Director of Water

Development, Mr H.K. arap Rotich, said in Nairobi yesterday. Mr Rotich

was giving the keynote address on water supply in Kenya at the Third International Exhibition and Conference for Water and Sewage Treatment Industries

Serving Africa. He said 6.5 million people, 3.5 million in rural and three

million in urban areas, had access to improved water supplies. The number

would rise to 10 million people, 4.5 and 5.5 million in urban and rural

areas respectively, by 1988. He said; the Government aimed at supplying

the entire population and livestock with safe water by the year 2000.

He said there were 14 major water development programmes in the country

and being an important catalyst, would contribute to social development.

He said 1981 and 1990 had been declared the International Drinking Water

Supply and Sanitation Decade by the United Nations members, but no "substantial allocation of funds has been provided by the international community."

He said there were trial projects with little funds and simple technology

regarded by the beneficiaries as a temporary solution. [Text] [Excerpts]

[Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 25 Feb 87 p 4] /9317

CSO: 3400/49

27
MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY DESCRIBES 'SECRET WEAPON' AGAINST RSA

MB211552 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 21 Mar 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The Mozambican economy, compared to the South African one,

is like a drop of water compared to a full bathtub. Comparing our

armed forces to those of South Africa is like comparing a harpoon to

a submachine gun. Our aggression against our neighbor is nonexistent.

South African aggression against its neighbors is permanent, and yet

the South African Government is afraid of us. They think we are a

danger to their survival. Why? What secret weapon do we have that

frightens Pretoria's, rulers?

We just have to look around us to see our secret weapons: in all schools

where children of all colors play and learn how to construct a beautiful

and rich country for everyone; in the workplaces where men and women

of all colors work to create wealth; in the residences where people of

all races mix in open and fraternal socializing; in social, sporting,

cultural, and amusement centers; in the party and' state apparatus from

the grass roots to the upper echelons; in the people's assemblies — from

the hamlets to the capital, people meet, work, dream, and amuse themselves

without taking into account the color of each other's skins.

This is our secret weapon that we daily point at the heart of apartheid.

We know that this is a deadly weapon against racism and that is why today,

on the world day against racism and racial segregation, we should aim

with even more determination. The enemy has reason to be afraid. Our

secret weapon will destroy him. Racism will be swept off the face of the

earth.

/12624

CSO: 3400/285

28
MOZAMBIQUE

PRIME MINISTER INSPECTS INDUSTRIAL SITES

Maputo NOTICIAS In Portuguese 7 Feb 87 p 1

[Text] Yesterday afternoon, Prime Minister Mario Machungo resumed his

inspection tour, the purpose of which is to permit first-hand verification and

control of manufacturing operations and efficiency in the nation's capital.

Accompanied by the secretary of state for light industry and food production,

Francisco Caravela, the prime minister visited the Emplama plastics

manufacturing plant on Avenida de Trabalho, and,the site where a new plastic

shoe factory will be built, on Avenida das Forcas Populäres.

During the open conversations held with the workers at the two places, the

prime minister emphasized the need to take the activities of the workplace

seriously. "Permanent and rigorous control is required," he said.

At the Emplama location, the first that he visited, the prime minister

criticized the empirical methods used in the warehousing of raw materials, and

of parts and spare parts, as well.

"An efficient operation requires exact knowledge of what is purchased, what it

costs, and what the balance is," said Mario Machungo, commenting upon the

laxity with which records of incoming raw materials and other production

variables are kept.

In the specific case of Emplama, a company that produces a wide range of

plastic products, the prime minister pointed out the need for having

priorities defined in order to assure that production increases in both

quantity and quality.

At Emplama, the prime minister had the chance to inspect the installation

phase of some new rubber shoe manufacturing equipment recently purchased from

France. The equipment is considered to be the most up-to-date of its kind.

A group of workers from the Incala factory in Quelimane is presently being

trained in the use of the new equipment. Within three months the workers will

return to Zambezia where a new production line will be set up.

29
Later, the prime minister visited the site where reconstruction of the old

shoe factory into a new one is being carried out with the help of financing

from the People's Republic of China.

At the site, the prime minister criticized the slow pace at which the project

is progressing under the direction of the Southern Regional Construction

Company. The job, which is of no great magnitude, has been under way for 3

months, and is not yet completed.

Meanwhile, the equipment and the raw materials required for setup and

operations of the factory have been in Maputo since last December.

The prime minister emphasized that he holds the contractor responsible for the

down time on the equipment, the raw materials, and the workers who have to

await the completion of the construction phase and the installation of power.

The new industrial unit will have a production capacity of approximately 1.2

million pairs of shoes annually.

12857

CSO:3442/93

30
MOZAMBIQUE

SECURITY, FOOD SITUATION IN TETE

Maputo DOMINGO in Portuguese 22 Feb 87 p 9

[Article by Orlando Bahule: "Tete Determined to Rebuild Agriculture and

Livestock Sector"]

[Text] Tete Province has great economic potential. In addition to the Cahora Bassa Hydroelectric Plant on the Songo and CARBOMOC in Moatize, which

are bases for setting up heavy industry and earning hard currency, the province also has the right climate for raising various kinds of cattle and

growing strategic crops both for the people and export.

Angonia, Macanga, Maravia, Zumbo, Moatize, Chiuta and Mutarara (north of the

Zambezi River) are the districts with the best farming and cattle-raising

conditions. And this is just where the armed bandits concentrate their

operations to sow terror and death among the populace, driving productive

people into the district seats and the provincial capital. Consequently,

crop and livestock figures have fallen drastically in the districts mentioned above, affecting the entire province.

These are the seven districts where the production figures for cotton, corn,

beans, peanuts, rice, sweet potatoes, castor beans, cows, goats and hogs are

the highest in Tete Province. People who used to live off the province's

surplus crops are now living on handouts distributed by the provincial natural disaster office. Because of the bandits' destabilizing actions, AGRICOM suffered damages of over 27 million meticals last year alone from raids,

destruction of the infrastructure (at district offices) and roads, tractors

and light vehicles. Since agriculture cannot be developed, the marketing

system is breaking down, and surplus collections have decreased.

When the enemy first launched their barbaric strikes in 1982 in the northern

part of the province, instances of rustling were recorded, especially of

cows, which local witnesses say were sold in Malawi. The peasants were then

forced to abandon their farms, many of which had mechanized irrigation systems. Hundreds of women, children and the elderly are now camped at Moatize

on the Mozambique Highway, where there is no shelter, much less any means

for farming. Many of the children do attend school now.

According to the administrator of Zobue in Moatize District, which borders

Malawi, minimal conditions for farming exist. If there were food assistance,

31
some of the displaced people would settle there, because the climate is good

and the soil is fertile.

In the city of Tete, some of the displaced have motor pumps which they managed to salvage from the war zone. At the moment, they are waiting for provincial agricultural officials to distribute farm land to them.

Given these sad conditions, measures are being planned to rehabilitate the

province's agricultural and livestock sector. In this undertaking, Changara,

Cahora Bassa and Magoe districts have been identified as critical for the

struggle against hunger in the phase the province will experience with the

1987-1988 harvest.

AGRICOM Manager Adolfo Mocambique says that his company is about to introduce new ways of operating that will ensure greater collection of surpluses

compared to past years. To do so, an agricultural development commission

has been set up with 15 tractors, 13 of which are new, to help the farmers

plant more land. According to Mocambique, the company also has plans to

open two 300-hectare farms of its own in Cahora Bassa and Magoe districts.

Cahora Bassa offers pleasant temperatures and frequent rain. Xitima is the

best farming site, since the soil is fertile and shallow wells can easily

tap ground water. But no one has the necessary initiative. In the district

seat, water is drawn from improvised wells in a river where cattle and hogs

also drink.

It is hoped that some of the dislocated people will settle in the area and

take up farming. Xitima has the highest agricultural and livestock production figures in the district.

Xitima's greatest blemish is an inn owned by a certain Mr. Rat (or at least,

that's what they call him), where the guests sleep on tattered mattresses in

tiny, fetid rooms filled with the stench of urine and feces in plain sight.

The bed linens, if they can be called such, are grimy with decades of filth.

Surely, provincial health officials have never been there, or they would

have found a crook demanding the "reasonable" sum of 150 meticals a night

for bedbugs and filth. We neglected to mention that the guests get no

breakfast and have no access to a bathroom.

We went to Magoe District to verify the "favorable climate." The sun boils

the blood in your body for 30 km around the city of Tete. Magoe is on a

cool, pleasant plateau where centers could be set up to attract tourists to

see the Comboio Hills, a chain of mountains which winds around like a railroad, and a cataract spilling clear water from the top of a mountain crag 5

km from the district seat. It is thought to be mineral water, but no one

has confirmed this.

The corn fields we saw led us to conclude that the soil is attractive for

agriculture, although it is clayey in areas. With the Land Rover dancing a

matope as the driver fought an all-out battle with the steering wheel, we

32
arrived at Mucumbura, which is considered the most fertile part of the district. It is a huge plateau covered by low forests. The farms nestled

there are watered by frequent showers and the enviable fields were brimming

with healthy cornstalks.

With the assistance which the government plans to provide to the family sector over the next few months after the corn harvest, it is to be hoped that

hunger will be reduced to a minimum within two years. The farmers must be

educated to work hard not only to grow food for immediate use, but also to

produce castor beans and cotton, said the AGRICOM manager in Tete.

The people of the province are hungry for news, since interprovincial phone

service is frequently down and the small local radio transmittor often

fails. With a broadcasting range of only 60 km in the daytime, the local

radio does not serve the entire province even when it is in service. It

only reaches about 100,000 listeners. As everyone knows, there are not

enough newspapers to go around, since there are now so many more people who

can read.

8844

CSO: 3442/104

33
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

RENAMO POWER STRUGGLE IN LISBON—Renamo in Lisbon seems to have fallen apart

completely while candidates are sought for the office of secrerary general,

held until recently by Evo Fernandes, a close friend and attorney of Manuel

Boullosa, a businessman. Among the runners are Joao Ataide, former ambassador of the People's Republic of Mozambique in Lisbon, who has requested political asylum in France. At the moment, Renamo is represented in Lisbon by

Paulo Oliveira, a journalist and spokesman for the movement. In addition

to Ataide and Oliveira, Jose (Chico) Mascarenhas, former head of the Administrative and Financial Department of SNASP (National People's Security

Service), who took refuge in Portugal in 1983, are also in the running for

Renamo's highest office. A source within the movement reports that another

candidate is Ascencio de Freitas, a Mozambican writer and editor-in-chief

of A LUTA CONTINUA, a magazine which the movement prints, in Portugal. [Text]

[Lisbon O JORNAL in Portuguese 27 Feb - 5 Mar 87 p 22] 8844

FOOD RELIEF FOR TETE—More than 10,000 families in the Changara district

of Tete province require urgent food relief. District authorities have

told our correspondent that despite the positive response of the local

residents to the appeal made by the party, the present agricultural

campaign in Changara district has been seriously threatened due to lack

of rain. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 19 Mar 87 MB]

/12624

COOPERATION DISCUSSED WITH PORTUGAL—Cooperation between Mozambique and

Portugal was examined this week by delegations from the two countries

meeting in Lisbon. The just ended 'talks began last Monday and on the

Mozambican side were led by Engineer Cardoso Pereira. The AIM correspondent

in Lis'ion said that at the end of talks, the Mozambican side noted that

the issues discussed at the meeting had good results. Various issues were

discussed during this meeting of the Mozambique-Portugal joint

cooperation commission, including the renegotiation of the

debt to Portugal, credit guarantees, and a number of issues which

have been pending for years. The source also said that further

discussions on these issues are expected to continue, probably in

April when a team of Portuguese experts visits Mozambique. Last week,

our country's prime minister, Mario Machungo, sent a message to his

Portuguese counterpart, stressing the need for cooperation between

Mozambique and Portugal to go beyond a mere expression of goodwill. [Text]

[Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 13 Mar 87 MB] /12624

34
58,000 FREED FROM 'CAPTIVITY'—Over 58,000 people recently released from

armed bandit captivity in Caia, Sena, Cheringoma, and Maringue districts

of Sofala Province need emergency aid in foodstuffs and medicine. This

was reported today by the newspaper NOTICIAS. The newspaper, which cited

the Sofala Department of Prevention, and Fight Against Natural Disasters,

says that in order to cope with the grave situation, at least 14,000 metric

tons of grain are required. Most of the people who have been released

are minors, whose parents have been killed by the armed bandits. The

source says that 200 metric tons of fish, 10 metric tons of soap, and

650 bundles of clothing, among other goods, are also required. [Text]

[Maputo Domestic in Portuguese 1030 GMT 20 Mar 87 MB] /12624

CSO: 3400/285

35
BABANGIDA ON WEST AFRICAN MILITARY BUILDUP

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 21 Feb 87 p 1

NIGERIA

[Text] n^HE present miliA tary build-up in

the West African subregion is likely to

result in an arms race

within the sub-region,

President Ibrahim

Babangida has

warned.

The President, whose

interview was carried in

this month's issue of

United States-based

"Defence and Foreign

Affairs" magazine,

described the military

build-up as disturbing.

He said the present

trend was even

worrisome, "because the

economy of most of the

countries cannot support

the high-levelexpenditure."

Notwithstanding, he

stressed, it was the duty

of the Federal

Government to protect

Nigeria's national interest

and ensure the existence

of a f credible deterrent

force to sustain such

interest.

"Our commitment in

external affairs are

consistent with this

administration's domestic

policies of human rights,

social justice and selfreliance

"We shall continue to

defend our national

integrity and protect the

Nigerian people as well as

support • anti-colonial,

anti-apartheid forces in

order to liberate SouthAfrica," he said.

On a possible diversification of the nation's

sources of hardware.

President Babangida.

stated that a certain

amount of diversification. • was necessary at this

stage of our development.

"We have not forgottenhow a particular country

rendered some of our

weapons useless, during

the civil war by simply

refusing to sell the

ammunition," he recalled.

The President stressed

that our sources of

hardware would be guided

by Nigeria's national

interest and foreign policy

doctrine, adding that

there was the need to

standardise our hardware

for easy maintenance.

He also told the

magazine that the

administration's present

emphasis was on

maintenance of our

existing hardware and

improvement on mobility.

/13104

CSO: 3400/303

36
POLISH ASSISTANCE TO ANAMBRA STATE

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 25 Feb 87 p 10

NIGERIA

[Text]

T'HE Anambra • State

|

A

Commissioner for

Commerce and Industry Dr

Pita Ejiofor has disclosed

that out of &720 million given

to Nigeria by . Polish

government, about B36.

million was made a**fl!»We R*

Anambra State.

The commissioners

disclosed this while

exchanging views with the

commercial counsellor in

Polish embassy, in Nigeria,.

Mr Kenryk Kalita who paid

him a vist in his office.

He called for the

establishment of joint

chamber of commerce

between Anambra State and

the Polish government, which

he noted would provide

continuous economic

interaction between the.

Polish people and those of

Anambra State.

Dr EjiöföFafsb called on,

the Polish government to

patronise the abondant state

agricultural products such as

palm oil, vegetable oil and

palm kernels which serve as

; industrial raw materials.

He thanked them for their

visit and hoped that Anambra

State and Polish government

would exchange cultural ties.

Earlier, the Polish

councellor. Mr Henryk Kalita,

had explained that the Polish

government has signed a bilateral trade agreement with

the Ondo State chamber of

commerce and hoped that

Anambra State would follow

suite.

He said that Polish

government would help

Nigeria in the areas of mining

by supplying the most needed

spare parts for the

machineries, adding that his

aim of the visit was to explore

•possible avenues of assisting

Anambra State in its efforts

to promote small-scale

industries.

/9317

CSO: 3400/298

37
NIGERIA

WAZIRI IBRAHIM ON 1990 POLITICAL PLANS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 24 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Sani Zorro]

[Text] LEADER of the proscribed Great Nigeria

People's Party, Alhaji

Waziri Ibrahim has said

that only God could stop

him from partisan

politics in 1990. "lama

political institution and

politics is in my blood,"

he told newsmen at

Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport,

Kano,Sunday.

Alhaji Waziri Ibrahim

said that he recognised

only three former

political party leaders

and gave the names of

Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe,

Chief Obafemi Awolowo

and himself as "politicians that would continue to influence the

country's future political

trends.

"Whenever we talk,

'our followers will .rise

like mushrooms to support our ' pronouncements" the

former party chieftain

declared, adding, "we

are the only important

politicians of all time".

He, however, advised

that Nigerians should

now concern themselves

with efforts geared

towards- economic

recovery and suspend

preparations for political

activities until 1990.

/13104

CSO: 3400/304

38
NIGERIA

MAITATSINE 'FANATICS' SAID RETURNING TO GOMBE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 20 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Waziri Garba]

[Text]

SOME people suspected to be

members of the proscribed

Maitatsine religious sect are

believed to be sneaking back into

Gombe town in Bauchi where an

uprising by members of the sect

in April 1985 led to bloody clashes,

resulting in the death of over 100

people. , .

Governor Chris Garuba, whp

confirmed the presence of some

of the people in the town while addressing members of the Gombe

Local Government Council on

Tuesday, said reports reaching

him revealed that "some people

identified to belong to the Maitatsine cult are finding their way

back to Gombe and apparently its

environs."

He said some local residents of

the Gombe Emirate who claimed

to be "Mahdis" were also allowed

to get on with their clandestine

activities unchecked.

The governor described the

report as serious "with the unfortunate Maitatsine episode still

fresh in our minds", and directed

the council to find a solution to

the issues at local level immediately.

Colonel Garuba said the

emirate council, elders and the

local people generally Should find

local solutions to such problems,

adding that the movement of any

suspicious person could easily be

checked at local level.

He urged the authorities concerned to take measures to solve

such problems "without delay",

adding that government would

assist where necessary.

He emphasised that no meaningful development was possible

if there was no peace.

/9317

CSO: 3400/299

39
NIGERIA

AIKHOMU ON WILLINGNESS TO PROTECT DEFENSE-RELATED INDUSTRIES

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 Feb 87 p 16

[ Text ] THE Chief of General Staff,

Rear Admiral Augustus

Aikhomu, has said that the

Federal Government is

prepared to place on the import prohibition list "all

items of quartermaster

nature" whose design and

fabrication could be done by

Nigerian manufaturers.

In a closing address read by

Governor John Inienger, of

Bendel State at the week-long

Ministry of Defenqe Industrial

seminar which ended over the

weekend in Benin, the chief of

general staff said that emphasis would be placed on

local design and fabrication in

the search for indigenous

technology to meet the basic

needs of the people.

He said that Nigerians must

learn to specialise in product!

ranges and be able to pool their

resources together to form viable

organisations that would com

pete with overseas, manufacturers.

"The Nigerian manufacturer

has the advantage of learning

from local raw materials sources

and the protection given to his

products through import restrictions" he said.

He urged organisations with

foreign connections to use them

to borrow or buy technology, adding that the only guaranteed

method of technology transfer

was through the repatriation of

qualified Nigerians who must be

given the right tools to produce

desirable results.

Rear Admiral Aikhomu said

that Nigeria could not run a successful basic health care scheme

and guarantee health for all its

citizens by 2000 AD if, "our drug

acquisition leans on overseas

manufacturers and the availability offoreign exchange."

He urged research institutes to

conduct, more investigations into

useful herbs for local drug

manufacture, adding that the

results-should lead to actual drug

manufacture rather than good

reading materials for medical

journals. (NAN)

/13104

CSO: 3400/305

40
OBA/ONITSHA AIRFIELD BEGINS SERVICE IN ANAMBRA

NIGERIA

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 5 Mar 87 p 16

[Text] THE first trial landing and air-hfting-foperation at the new

Oba/Ortltsha Airfield has been successfully launched. Thi

mini aircraft, Dornier Nigeria 5N ARF, which first Hew into the,

air-strip from Lagos earlier in the day, later air-li»ted back to

Enugu, the military governor, Group Captain Sampson Emeka

Omeruah, and his entourage who had arrived Oba to witness the

historic maiden landing.

A 25'ininute hitch-free flight brought the Dornier to a smooth

touch-down at Enugu Airport.

The military governor who was impressed by the stage oi

development at the air-strip, implored people who had earlier

made pledges to the airport fund to match their promises with

«ction so that the lofty dreams of the airport would be finally

realised He said it was time for concrete action, not mere words

and pledges. This, he pointed out, was the only way to make the

miracle of Oba-Onitsha Airport a reality.

Governor Emeka Omeruah assured the people ot the state that

whatever contribution they make to support the airport fund,

would be judiciously used in the construction and development of

the airport. . _ _ _

• In his own speech, the Ezeokpoko of Oba, Igwe P.OEzenwa,

said that what had remained a dream all the years, had, indeed,

come true. ....

Chief Ezenwa who redeemed his «10,000 pledge to the airport

fund, on the spot, said he was moved by the "great gift" the

Governor brought to the state and the Oba community.

Other donors on the occasion, included Chief Eric Itejika,

H5.000; Chief R.A. Ezeonwuka, «5,000 and Chief C. Okoli who,

on behalf of a Netherland aviation company donatedN15,000.

In a brief remark, the chairman, Board of Trustees of the,

Airport Fund, Chief Charles A. Modebe, thanked the military

governor for turning their 25-year-old clamour for an airport i*jo

a reality. Chief Modebe .aid the airport would, no doubt,

redouble commercial life ofthe Öbä/Önitsha community.

A member of the Task Force on Airport Construction, Mr

Osakwe, in his speech promised that, come next independence

celebration, bigger planes would be landing at the air-field.

Justice Obumneme Onwuamaegbu of the Airport Trustee

Fund, called upon the people to lend their support to the final

realisation of the dream.

Justice Onwuamaegbu said that it was not only important that

people should redeem their pledges but that those who had not

made any, should come forward to make their own and

redeem them.

Governor Omeruah later told our correspondent that although

work at the airfield was not advanced, the landing of the aircraft,

would give a filip to construction effort at the air-strip.

He declared : "The landing of the Dornier aircraft has further

demonstrated, in clear terms, our determination to see this projec

through. Everyone has now seen that we really mean business".

/13104

CS0: 3400/305

41
NIGERIA

ANC REPRESENTATIVE CALLS FOR TIGHTER SECURITY

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN In English 6 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] THE African National Congress (ANC) chief representative

in Nigeria. Mr. Victor Maltou has

ca'Ied on the Federal Government to beef-up tight security

around ANC location and its officials, because according to hin^

the existing security arrangement was loose.

Speaking at a press conference

in Lagos yesterday to mark the

South African Trade Union Day,

the ANC representative said the

personal safety of ANC officials

was the responsibility of the

Federal Government.

He stated that tight security

measure for ANC was imperative

•in view of the recent threat by

racist South Africa to attack

Nigeria.

Mr. Maltou recalled how the

ANC office in Stockholm, Sweden

was bombed by unknown persons

and called for more security for

ANC officials in the country.

He also said the South African

people would take revenge if a

black activist, Theresa

Kamashamola, sentenced to

death by the racist minority

white government in Pretoria

was killed.

The ANC chief representative

said Theresa was the first woman

to be condemned to death.

He said the only sin of Theresa

was that she was born black and

loved life and freedom.

Mr. Maltou called on the world

community to demand the unconditional release of Theresa, adding that "no more shall our people be murdered with impunity".

He said in South Africa, the

working people were more united

than ever before and called on the

world to impose comprehensive

mandatory sanctions against

Pretoria, boycott Shell Oil Company for its sordid role of oiling

the apartheid ipachinery and demand uncond'tional release ot

Nelson Mandela, and other

political prisoners.

The ANC chief representative

also said the South African people

were demanding the lifting of the

state of emergency, release of the

30,000 emergency detainees and

the withdrawal of soldiers from

schools and townships.

Asked why there was no

elaborate programme other than

the press conference to mark the

South African Trade Union Day

in Nigeria, Mr. Maltou said the

ANC lacked funds, adding 'hat

the Federal Government's

earlier promise of ten million

Naira to aid frontmie states had

not yet been fulfilled.

/13104

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42
NIGERIA

35 YEAR SERVICE SET FOR CIVIL SERVANTS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 25 Feb 87 pp 1, 3

[Article by Chris Obinagwam]

[Text]

ALL officers in the

Federal Civil

Service who have

served for 35 years

have been directed to

retire.

The directive was contained in a circular issued

last week by the head of.

the service, Alhaji Adamu

Fika.

Such officers should

^proceed on three months

pre-retirement leave with

effect from next month,

the circular says.

However, officers who

had given notices of retirement prior to the issuance

of the circular were

excluded.

According to the circu-;

lar, dated February 17,

officers with accumulated

leave should be allowed to

enjoy such leave while

those on contract should

be allowed to complete the

period of their contracts.

It states "Section 22 (1)

of the Pensions Act reads

in c§njection with Table B

of Schedule 1 of that Act

entitles an employee on

pensionable employment

in the public sector, of

right, to maximum

pension of 70 per cent

highest pensionable

emolument earned by him

at any time during the

course of his service.

"It should be

emphasised that an officer

who has served for 35

years is not obliged toi

retire on that count alone

but under the Act, service

in excess of 35 years is not

pension earning.

"Having regard to this

fact and the prevailing

economic situation in the

country, government

considers it expedient to

invoke Section 4 (2) of the

Pensions Act, Number

102 of 1979 in respect of

officers who have served

for more than 35 years."

It, however, says that

."In exceptional cases, an

affected officer may be

allowed to continue in the

service on the strong

recommendations of his

permanent secretary/

head of department

provided such an officer is

still below compulsory

retirement age of (>0

years."

The circular, titled

"Retirement of officers

under Section -1 (2) of the

Pensions Act", was copied

to the principal secretary

State Mouse, Secretary to

the Federal -Military

Government. lh;'

Inspector-General ol

Police and all permanent

secretaries and heads lit

extra-ministerial department s.

The Daily Times 'investigation at I he Federal

Secretariat. Lagos.

revealed that most of

those to be aflected by the

order were recently

promoted by the Federal

Public Service Commission.

/9317

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43
NIGERIA

RESTRICTIONS ON CIVIL SERVANT STUDY LEAVE

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 27 Feb 87 pp 1, 3

[Article by Suleiman Dangana]

[Text]

PUBLIC officers on study ieave

without pay lasting for more than

one academic year will now have

to resign their appointments.

A circular from the office of the

Head of the Civil Service of the

Federation dated January 13, and

signed by Malam Zubairu

Kazaure for head of the civil service, said there was no valid

reason to reserve vacancies for

officers.

The circular warned that no officers should be nominated to

proceed on courses merely to improve their academic qualifications unless such courses were

relevant to the training needs of

the service.

According to the circular,

nomination for courses should be

initiated strictly by the appropriate ministries or departments or in the case of accounting officers, by the public service depar' nent of the office of

the head' of civil service of the

federation and trie treasury

department.

The nomination should also

take into account the seniority of

the officers concerned and identified training needs of the

ministry or department.

The circular also said every application should be supported by

evidence of admission, adding

that officers nominated for any

type of training should have their

appointment in the services confirmed and proof of such confirmation submitted.

This condition however, does

not affect officers on scholarship.

In addition, each sponsoring

agency should furnish proof of

availability of fund on study

leave with pay.

It directed that no officer on

study leave should be paid normal salary'unless the proposed

course of study' was in the approved programme of the relevant ministry and could not be

taken as in-service training.

The circular said all conditions

enumerated in respect of' inservice training also applied to

courses on technical assistance,

adding that the courc«» must

be such that government would

rot be required to pay estacode

allowance.

The circular supercedes all

previous circulars on training.

/9317

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44
NIGERIA

PETROLEUM MINISTER DISCUSSES OIL RESERVES, MARKETING

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 20 Feb 87 pp 1, 3

[Text]

ALHAJI Rilwanu Lukman.

Minister of Petroleum

Resources,' has said explorations by Nigerian National

Petroleum Corporation

(NNPC) led to the discovery

of one billion barrels of oil

reserves.

In addition, he said, NNPC

currently markets 70 per cent

of total oil production in the

country and its activities

accounted for 20 per cent of

Nigeria's gross domestic products (GNP).

In a speech read by the permanent secretary in the

ministry, Mr. Prince Chikelu

on "NNPC Day" at the

Kaduna International Trade

Fair yesterday, Alhajii

Rilwanu said it had become

•imperative to move in the

direction of using oil as a,

"vehicle- of our industrial

take-off" by engaging in further down-stream activities

which would enable us provide

raw materials locally for

home industries and gradually

our export base."

Also briefing newsmen at

the Nigerian Mining Corporation (NMC) pavillion, Mr.

Davou T. Pwajok, NMC

General.Manager said the corporation would start commercial mining of gold in Ileslia,

Oyo State before the end of

this year.

He said other gold reserves

in commercial quantity had

been found in Sokoto and'

Nigerstates.

Me said NMC had seven clay

product plants and eight stone

quarries.

He said the corporation was

going to increase tin production and would explore for

lead, zinc as well, as drilling

for rock salt and other

minerals that Nigeria had

hitherto imported.

He said Nigeria was exploring for uranium along with

other foreign technical partÄers'.

/9317

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45
NIGERIA

DOMESTIC CRUDE OIL CONSUMPTION FIGURES

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 23 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Ndu Ughamadu]

[Text]

NIGEK1A consumes 255,000

barrels of crude oil

daily which are processed at the country's three refineries

located at PortHarcourt, Warri,

Kaduna and some

offshore ones.

The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC)

sector co-ordinator,

Pipelines and Products Marketing, Dr.

P. I. Amenechi, said

this in Lagos last

week at an exclusive

interview with the

Business Times.

Dr. Amenechi who was a

refinery manager for

eight years, stressed

that the volume

(255,QO0bd) which he

said was not much, was

the major cause of scar-

»city of petroleum products like petrol or kerosene whenever a refinery

is shut down for repairs

or tanker drivers go on

strike.

/13104

CSO: 3400/305

This is because at the

inception of the 18 oil

depots located in different parts of the country, it was envisaged

that in case of a lefinery

being shut down or

otherwise, these depots

could hold stocks that

would last for at least 45

days.

However, this is not the

situation now because of the

limited volume of crude

being refined both locally

and offshore. Before Nigeria started using OPEC

quota of 1.3 million barrels a

day (mbd) which is now

1.238mbd, 324,000 barrels

of crude oil were consumed

for the same purpose.

The s<ctor co-ordinator

Stressed 'that refineries by

their nature were expected

to be shut down for about

two weeks each year for

maintenance purposes

adding that whenever this

was done in the country

shortages would result

because of limited quantity

of crude being set aside for

local consumption adding

that excess hardly comes

out lor stockbuilding at the

depots.

Dr. Amenechi emphasised

that NNPC had been

making presentations to the

Federal Government on the

need to increase the volume

of crude being refined for

local consumption stressing

that it would continue with'

the request until concrete

answer was received.

The coordinator said that

NNPC pays »20.68 to the

Federal Government for

each barrel of crude oil it

sold to the refineries in the

country and that to be

refined offshore for local

consumption.

The Port Harcourt Refinery has a capacity for

60,000 barrels of oil daily,

Warri 100,000 barrels and

Kaduna 100,000 barrels.

However,, in December

1986, Kaduna Refinery was

expanded by 10 per cent

bringing the current capacity-to 110,000 barrels. This

has been completed.

Warn Refinery is presently undergoing 25 per

cent expansion to 125,000

barrels a day and a major

over haul. Besides, the

execution of the construction of a fourth refinery atTort Harcourt with aninstalled capacity of

.160,000 barrels a day is

being vigorously implemented.

46
NIGERIA

SFEM: LOW MARKET DEMAND THREATENS BUSINESS CLOSURES

Lagos SUNDAY TIMES in English 22 Feb 87 pp 1, 17

[Article by Momodu Yakubu and Osaka Okorie]

[Text]

rANUFACTURING comJ panics in various parts of

In"* Federation arc now facing

bleak prospects and some are

gradually winding up their

operations not for lack of raw

materials but because not many

people could afford SFEM prices.

The low demand for their

products is caused by high prices

and unfavourable cpmpeytion

faced frorri imported finished

goods. Under this austere ctunate

most companies are now either

folding up their production

departments completely or

operating at a ridiculously low.

capacity, investigations during

the week revealed.

The increase in prices of finished

products is due to the increase in

the prices of the raw material

components caused by the SFEM

the general manager of Associated

Battery Manufacturers Mr. Rajan

Roy, said.

"We have to reduce our

production rate and embark on

aggressive marketing strategy"

Mr. Roy added.

He pointed out that the closure

of Peugeot and Volkswagen

assembly plants has affected their

original equipment market which

accounted for over 25 percent of

their market demand for their

products.

The replacement market, that is,

supply to general market has also

been seriously affected because

mögt people have no money to buy

new batteries.

Also affecting the demand of the

locally manufactured battery is

the liberal import tariff of battery.

While local manufacturers of

' automobile battery pay an excise,

duty o' 5 per cent on finished

product plus 20 i>er cent on

imported raw component, bringing the total duty to 26 per centv

the imported batteries attract

only a duty of 25 per cent.

The dumping strategy of countries from.the Eastern world

coupled with their lust to earn

hard currency made them to

subsidize their companies who

engage in export business he said.

According to Mr. P. M. Howells,

the Factory Manager of Ovaltine

West Africa Ltd. "The problem

is not perculiar to our company. It;

is universal.

"Distributors seem to

find it more and more,

difficult to market consumer goods effectively

these days because of the

fall in the purchasing

power of the average

Nigerian.

They therefore seem to

have no alternative than

to reduce their rate of

-consumption as a result of

the prevailing bad

market, thereby forcing

companies to resort to the

operation of "skeletal'

services for survival."

Mr. Ayo Davies, a distributor with the

Nigerian Bottling Company Ltd. said that the

^department stores are

now filled with crates of

soft drinks."

It was gathered that

about 95 pw cent of

companies visited operate

at about one third of their

installed capacities.

The remaining five percent companies are operating to retain old goodwill.

Cocoa industries, makers

of Vitalo Food Drinks has

suspended products until

the market condition

improves.

Alhaji Haruna Madaki,

the managing director of

Nasco Investments Ltd.

Kano said that he closed the

poultry and diary sections

of his holdings in November

last year because it was.

becoming increasingly

difficult for him to

subsidise over-head costs of

the section with monetary

proceeds coming from other

departments.

"You sec. it costs the

average of 25 kobo to

produce a single chicken

egg. But when you sell such

eggs at 28 kobo each,

distributors would then sell

them at 30 kobo per egg.

"Hut consumers refused

to buy them, claiming that

they should be sold at 20

kobo each. I had no

47
alternative than to stop the

department from

producing more

unmarketable products".

Primary producers are

not the only ones stuck

with this problem. Secondary producers who in one

way or the other arc

connected with the

production of - these

products also suffer the

•same fate.

One of such' companies,

Industrial Cartons Co. Ltd,

makers . of packaging

cartons for Liver Brothers

and other companies, the

story has even worse.

A top management personnel who preferred

anonimity said that the

dwindling market fortunes

of their customers was

Riving them a lot of

concern.

"Our company used to

work in full force to beat

orders when Liver Brothers

used to sell about tenmillion cartons of Omo blue

detergents per month.

"But the story is now

different because they now

struggle without success to

sell a tew .thousands a

month.

'.'I am afraid we might be

forced to fold up if things

continue like this."

The commercial manager

of Metal Box Company Ltd.

Mr. Bankole said that the

old constraint of lack of raw

materials has been

succeeded by the inability

of producers to market their

finished goods.

Metal Box Packaging,;

Ogba produce cans for

packaging consumer and

industrial products.

According to Mr.

Bankole "If the demand for

our customers' products fall

<a decline in packaging

requirements follows".

However, it was his

candid opinion ttiat if all

manufacturers and

distributors could agree on

a reduced profit margin,

goods could reach the

market place at reasonable

prices.

Speaking on the issue, the

chairman lkeja branch of

Manufacturers Association

of Nigeria Chief G. O.

Olukoya, said that the

association was aware that

companies within the

branch had demand

problems.

According to him all

companies within lkejaMAN had their warehouses

stocked full with finished

products.

Equally the secretariat is

aware that most companies

now operate at ridiculously,

low capacity and some had

closed down completely, he

said.

Chief Olukoya attributed

this unfavourable demand

situation to defective,

government plans.

According to him. the

Federal Government has

effectively stimulated the

supply side of the economy

by the introduction of

SKKM and.- had done

nothing with the demand

side.

"The SKKM is a good

thing we all agreed, but the

increase in prices resulting

from the unequal exchange

rates which have now

brought about higher price

adjustment was never

contemplated upon," Chief

Olukoya noted.

"Unless the government

do something to stimulate

demand by salary increase,

nothing can be done by the

industries," Chief Olukoya

added.

Peugeot, Volkswagen etc

cannot sell their products

because their prices are tust

outside the reach of

Nigerians.

To stimulate demand, the

government either have to

increase salaries and

benefits or formulate

policies conducive to our

demand situation.

Chief Olukoya saw the

Federal Government

campaign on refusing to

buy expensive goods as

anti-industrialisation.

The high cost of goods is

not caused by the

companies but bv the

government.

/13104

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48
NIGERIA

AJAOKUTA STEEL COMPANY: UNITS READY FOR COMMISSIONING

Kano SUNDAY TRIUMPH in English 22 Feb 87 p 12

tArticle by Samuel Owolabi]

[Text]

THREE major units

estimated at about N150

million are now ready

for commissioning at the

nation's multi billion

Naira Ajaokuta Steel

Company Limited i in

Kwara State.

They ate the billet

mill, ivpaif shops and

captive Power Plant, all

of which were grouped

under the first phase of

an impending twophased flat sheet steel

project, in the company.

Sunday Triumph findings at Ajaokuta revealed that the billets mill is

to be commissioned between March and April

this year while the Repair

Shops and Captive

Plants are slated for

commissioning between

April and June also this

year.

Sources at the Steel

Complex • revealed that

when in full operation by

the year 1989, the Billets

Mill would put a stop to

trie present importation

of billets into the country

and thereby save the nation about N1.5 billion

annually in Foreign Exchange.

Similarly, the operations of the Repair shops

would facilitate the

manufacture of spare

parts along with the

broad specification of

the plant and equipment,

while the captive power

plant would operate'110

me}!a.-wa!ls of electricity

daily.

Describing the supply

capacity as more than

what would be required

by the Steel plants; our

sources explained that

the power supply surplus

would be passed on to

NEPA to boost its

power distribution network.

Meanwhile, a 15

member special interministerial committee

has visited Ajaokuta to

assess the completed

work on the major units

of the Steel Company to

explore the need for starting off work on the second phase which comprises the flat sheets project, estimated ast N2.5

billion.

Led by Mr. M.A.

Adcyanju, the Secretary

foi Steel, members of the

Committee expressed

satisfaction with ajMhe

imajor input materials in

the manufactuie*" of

jdurable goods such «s

cats. Household goods

and appliances,

agricultural implements

and the canned containers among others.

The Committee

members who were

drawn from the Federal

Ministries of National

Planning, Mines, Power

and Steel: Works and':

Housing; Finance;

Justice and Defence were

conducted round by the

Steel Company's

General Manager

Mallam Magaji Muhammad Inuwa.

According to Mallam

Magaji the Steel Company at present employs

6^000 Nigerians with no

expatriate staff on its

pay roll.

/13104

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49
NIGERIA

1986 COMMODITIES: IMPORT, EXPORT STATISTICS

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 23 Feb 87 p 24

[Article by Babtunde Akerele]

[Text] THE value of Nigeria's

merchandise trade

amounted to »5,394.5

million as at the end of

May 1986, latest

; statistical figures sourced

' from the Federal Office of

.Statistics had shown.

This represented

N2.440.4 million or 31.1

per cent drop in the trade

value of K7834.9 million

recorded in 1985 and

N415.3 million or 7.1 per

cent decrease when

compared with N5809.8

million recorded in 1984. •

The decline * in total

trade during the period

under review resulted

from a decrease in imports

and exports. After the

imports had witnessed a

sharp decline of 24.5 per

cent from N2.967.9 million

at the end of May 1985 to

N2.241.5 million in 1986,

the value of exports

nosedived" from N4.867.0

million to N3153.0

million or .35.2 per cent

during the same period.

Trade surplus of ffel 1.5

million was recorded at

the end of May 1986'as

against a surplus of

N1859.1 million in 1985.

This represented a corresponding decrease of

N987.6 million or 108.3

per cent.

Further investigation

revealed that the import

of commodities decreased

from N2967.9 million to

N2241.5 million in the first

five months of 1986.

The highlight of the

imports were as follows —

Machinery and transport

equipment recorded the

highest spending with

N1040.7 million in 1985

while the 1986 figure was

N1055.0 million, this

represented a marginal

increase of N14.3 million

or 47.1 per cent. The

importation of machinery

and transport equipment

in May '1986 dropped

from N3.8 million to

N1S3.0 million it recorded

in Mav 1985.

The minimum imports

of N5.9 million were

recorded as unclassified"

commodities from Jan —

May 1985. The

corresponding months of

1986 recorded a decrease of

N3.8 million with May

1985 having M3.7 million

while N2 million was'

recorded for 1986.

Records on other

imports were on Food and

live animals which

recorded a sharp decrease

of N306.2 million in the

months under review as

compared to the N514.0

recorded in Jan — Mav

1985. Mineral fuelslubricants and related

materials had N28.1

million in 1985 and N15.4

million in 1986, while

50
manufactured goods

(classified chiefly, as

materials! recorded a

sharp decrease from

N668.0. million in

Jan-May 1985 to N422.5

million in 1986.

The total export value

of commodities also

decreased from N4867.0

million in 1985 to N3153.0

million in 1986. Food and

live animal in contrast

increased from_ N82.5

million in" 1985 to 8114.2

million in 1986.

This represented 3.6 per

cent increase.

The highest export were'

recorded in mineral fuels

lubricants and related

materials. ln*1985N4735.7

million was recorded while

1986 ended with N2.946.1

million.

In contrast NO.2 million

was recorded for exports

of chemicals as the lowest

in 1986 while N0.7 million

was for 1985. Other areas

of export trade were crude

materials inedible except

fuels which recorded 0.8

per cent increase or N23.9

million in 1986 as against

N3.5 million in 1985, from

Jan -- May 1986,

unclassified commodities

recorded a sharp increase

of N31.1 million or 42.9

per cent over the N36.1.

million recorded during

the same period in 1985. •

Information sourced

from the Federal office of

statistics further, revealed

lhat imports from

Western European

countries accounted for

66.9 per cent of total

Nigeria's imports: and

imports from American

countries accounted for

12.1 per cent during the

first five months of 1986:

while Kastern Kuropean

and Asian Countries

accounted for 7.1 .per cent

and 1 1 .7 per cent

respectively.

During the same period

WCstern Kuropc

accounted for 59.1 per

cent of the nation's export

while American countrii: i

absorbed 3^7 per cent.

African countries had a

share of 4.3 per cent. •

/13104

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51
NIGERIA

RICE: SMUGGLING FORCES PRICES DOWN

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 24 Feb 87 pp 1, 3

[Article by Omafume Amurun]

[Text]

MASSIVE smuggling of

rice into the country through

the borders has brought

down the price by over 50 per

cent.

Investigations by New

Nigerian revealed that the 50

kilogram bag of rice which

was selling for 180 Naira about

two months ago now sells for

about 100 Naira.

The rice, mainly from

Thailand, is smuggled into

the country through Idi-Iroko,

Seme and neighbouring

border villages.

The New Nigerian was told,

that a bag of 50 kilogram ol

rice is bought for about 70

Naira in a neighbouring country and transported by motorcycles through bush paths to

the border. The motor-cyclists

charged the smugglers between two and five Naira per

bag.

The rice is (hen transported

by public transport 'vehicles

for a fee of bei ween two and

five Naira per bag into the

hinterland.

It was gathered that the

Department of Customs and

Kxcise was finding it difficult

to control the smuggling

because it could uol diffejentiate between Nigerian parboiled rice and Thailand rice.

Most of the rice from these

border towns are discharged

along the Agege Motor Road,

Oshodi, at Mushin bus slop

and at various points on the

Badagry expressway.

While the reporter was interviweing some traders at

Bolade bus stop near Oshodi, a

Leyland mode! commercial

vehicle with registration

number OG 391V EB stopped

there and discharged _ some

bags of rice and other food

stuffs.

The New Nigerian was told

by some traders that because

of the presence of smuggled

rice in the market the demand

for locally grown rice had

fallen drastically.

A trader at the Alaba

market who gave; his name as

Mr B. Obi said Thailand rice

was more profitable to them

adding that most of them did

hot trade in locall grown rice

any longer.

/9317

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52
KADUNA POLY TECHNIC RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS, PROJECTS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 24 Feb 87 p 3

[Text]

NIGERIA

THE Kaduna Polytechnic has started

a research work on

local dyeing to

improve standards and |

rescue the age-long j

system from collapse.

The" institution's

rector, Alhaji Yusuf;

Aboki, said this in a

speech to mark its

18th convocation over

the week-end.

The Department of:

Textile Technology in the ]

polytechnic would handle

the research. \

He said that the,

Standards Organisation

of Nigeria (SON) was

using the facilities in the

department to test and

grade textile materials

produced in the country.

Alhaji Aboki listed

discoveries or inventions

made in the institution.

• The development of

refined palm kernel oil fo r

use as substitution raw

material by a Lagos-based

firm for use in the

manufacture of cosmetic.

• The design and

fabrication of laboratory

model, very low level

frequency equipment for

the receiving and

transmission of signals in

mineral exploration work.

• The designing of a

parabolic solar collector

for generating steam for

automatic bottling

machine for a Kadunabased food and drinks

company.

The development of

punch plant capable of

doubling the speed of crop

sowing by peasant far-.

The rector called on the

Federal Government to

re-introduce matching

grants to state-owned

polytechnics ' and

especially more funding

for the polytechnic by its

owner states.

Kaduna State

Governor Abubakar

'Umar said in a speech

that the theory of transfer

of technology "is totally

inconceivable unrealistic

and retrogressive."

The governor said that

the only way out was for

the engineers and other

gifted Nigerians to

develop indigenous technology to meet national

aspiration^

Col. Umar argued that

Japan, India, China and

Brazil did not rely on the

transfer:jj pi [ tofchnoh5g>*

before reaching thu:

present status.

/9317

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53
CORPORATION BEGINS MILITARY UNIFORM PRODUCTION

NIGERIA

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 Feb 87 pp 1, 3

[Text] THE Defence Industries

Corporation of Nigeria

(DICON) has been mandated

to work out modalities for the

production of the country's

military uniforms locally, the

Quartermaster General of the

Nigerian Army, Brigadier

Sunday Ifere, said on Thursday in Lagos.

Brigadier Ifere told the

News Agency of Nigeria

(NAN) that the new move was

part of the measures to cut

down on the importation of

uniforms for its personnel.

Brigadier Ifere explained

that the ordnance workshops

in the country were currently

being re-activated to take part

in the proposed mass production of army uniforms.

He said the DICON would

soon start manufacturing ammunition and other ordnance

materials.

Brigadier Ifere said the army would welcome genuine

and patriotic indigenous investors in the production of ordnance equipment for the army, noting that response in

the past was not favourable.

He said the private investors were demanding

preferential treatment by

"asking for unrealistic

terms".

On the present move to give

the soldiers better accommodation, Brigadier Ifere said

about 3000 make-shift houses

(batches) in various military

locations in the country would

be demolished this year and

replaced with bungalows.

He said 1,000 new bungalows

were built last year to replace

egual units of such make-shift

houses in the military locations in the country.

Brigadier Ifere, however,

said five to 10 per cent of officers and men of the army

were still living outside the

barracksin urban areas due to

security requirements in those

areas.

He also said valuation of

property lettings for army

Cersonnel all over the country

ad been harmonised to

eliminate "discrepancies and

authenticate claimants for

easy payment of rents."

/13104

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54
NIGERIA

PAPER SUPPORTS GOVERNMENT URANIUM EXPLORATION PROJECTS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 2 Mar 87 p 1

[Editorial] A SECTION of the Nigerian media has set

in motion a vicious campaign aimed at putting pressure on the Federal Government,

albeit the Nigerian Mining Corporation to

abandon prospecting for Uranium in Gombe

irea of Bauchi State.

The group's bone of contention is why

should the search continue inspite of thefact

that N25 million had so far been expended in

the last six years without much success.

Based on this, the group want the government to halt exploration activity in the area

forthwith to avoid incurring unnecessary

financial loss. • We refuse to believe that there is any basis

for this campaign of calumny against this

very important project which is Capable of

catapulting the country into economic as

well as politic«!! prominence.

It is on record that studies carried out had

showed the existence of varieties of radioactive minerals such as Uranium, Thorium and

Potassium in Borno, Bauchi and Gongola

areas.

The most recent of these tests, which was

done in 1984 through aerial survey had indeed

confirmed the presence of these radioactive;

minerals.

We are all awate that by its nature, proipecting for minerals, the world over, takes

I several years to yield results. So why should

. Gombe be an exception?

For "the benefit of those who- may not be

aware. Uranium is a vital mineral, used in the

manufacture of nuclear and other strategic

weapons.

55
/13104

CSO: 3400/305

Therefore, we believe.that consideration

for a project of this nature must not* be

quantified in terms of Naira and kobo.

In the'case of the Gombe project, a close

look could perhaps explain why it is taking so

long to get results. One, the minerals are not

on the surface, but deep in the ground. As

prospecting is done only during the dry

season, it will definitely take sometime to get;

any result.

Again, we have to appreciate that Nigerian

Mining Corporation is the only company prospecting for minerals in the area.

Due to security considerations, it is not advisable to allow multinational companies to,

participate in the exploration activities.

The ^Triumph strongly feels that the search'

for Uranium in Gombe area is not a fruitless

exercise and must therefore continue.

Moreover, since the Nigerian Mining Corporation is a limited liability company and

has not yet been declared a dram-pipe, it

,must be allowed to determine where to in-,

ivest its financial and material.resour.ces.. ;

If it considers'the Gombe project a good investment, why should organs that are not involved directly or indirectly say no? The corporation coUlda certainly do without the unr

solicited advise of these .over-zealous

patriots.

56
NIGERIA

STATES REGISTER COMMERCIALLY VIABLE GOLD DEPOSITS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 7 Mar 87 p 1

[Text] Y ^ OLD has now been

vJT found in commercial

quantities in Oyo, Niger,

Kwara, Kaduna and

Sokoto states.

(Confirming this to the

Daily Times in an interview in Jos, the deputy

general manager of the

Nigerian Mining Corporation (NMC), Alhaji Abdul

Dikko Ciidado, said applications for supply of the

precious metal were now

pouring into the NMC

from various companies

and individuals tor dealership status.

Already, he said, large

quantities of gold concentrate, had been produced

and stockpiled and would

have to be refined' into

pure gold before they are

sold.

Alhaji Abdul said that

at the moment, the NMC

was waiting for gold refining equipment which

had been ordered from

abroad to enable refining

process begin. ' ',-'.

He said that after the

gold had been refined in

bars, the NMC would then

be in a position to supply

the buyers according to

Federal Uovernmnt directives.

Alhaji Abdul further

said that the NMC has

this yearidentified three'

areas of priority in its

mining activities.

/13104

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57
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

YOUTH GROUP ON ANC PLEDGE FULFILLMENT~The Youth Solidarity on South Africa

and Namibia (YUSSAN) has called on the Federal Government to hasten action on

the disbursement of the outstanding Nl billion annual pledge Nigeria made to

the African National Congress—(ANC) mission in Nigeria. The movement said

that it was disheartening to note that Nigeria being one of the foremost

antiapartheid countries in Africa, could not meet her financial pledge to the

ANC, whose bureau in Nigeria is today broke. It said that it was ironical for

the Nigerian Government to back-pedal on its pledge to the ANC in particular,

and the struggle for genuine liberation of the African continent. [Text]

[Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 4 Mar 87 p 16] /13104

SFEM DEALERS URGE NEW BIDDING METHOD—-Banks operating on the Second-tier

Foreign Exchange Market are not satisfied with the method currently being used

to determine exchange rates. They instead want the Central Bank to introduce

the "Dutch auction system" considered capable of stemming the continued

decline of the naira, a reliable banking source said yesterday in Lagos. The

source told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that most of the banks were

getting increasingly worried about the "prohibitive" exchange rates on the

market and have suggested to the Central Bank the introduction of the "Dutch

system" under which banks would be made to buy foreign exchange at the rate

they quoted. While admitting that it would require the maturity of banks to

operate, the source said that the system would quickly lead to an acceptable

and realistic exchange rate for the country. [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in

English 27 Feb 87 p 1] /13104

IMO AIRPORT PROGRESS—The Imo Airport project which was initiated by the Imo

State Government is now being tackled with zeal. The government of the state

set the machinery in motion when an Airport Appeal Fund Committee under the

chairmanship of Colonel A.K. Adisa, came into being. Contributions from

individual donors and those of communities and other groups and associations

as at end of last year, came to about N10 million Naira. Although this

figures has not met the required target, more donations are yet pouring in to

the coffers of the fund. The task force on the construction of the Imo

Airport under the distinguished chairmanship of Chief Evan Enwerem, a former

Chairman of the Nigerian Airports Authority, has already gone into proper

construction on the project. A reputable firm that specialised in the

construction of such proijects I.G. Industrial Construction, Nigeria Limited

has been engaged. At the moment, the terminal building construction is on the

58

/
the stage of its last floor, the Fire Service Station near the completion, the

runway with its loading aprons is being tackled. The control tower is at the

foundation level. [Text] [Kaduna THE NIGERIAN in English 23 Feb 87 p 27]

/13104

INDUSTRIAL COURTS JURISDICTIONS APPROVED—Minister of Employment, Labour and

Productivity, Brigadier Ike Nwachukwu has said the Federal Government has

approved that the jurisdictions of the Industrial Arbitration Panel (IAP) and

the National Industrial Court (NIC) be expanded so that the two can adjudicate

in intra and inter-union disputes. Speaking at the National Labour Advisory

Council (NLAC) meeting in Lagos, Brigadier Nwachukwu said the two courts have

also been empowered to enforce their judgments. Before now, the two labour

courts have no legal power to adjudicate in intra and inter-union disputes.

Recently, the government dissolved the leadership of the National Union of

Petroleum and Natural Gas Workers (NUPENG) and that of National Union of Hotel

and Personal Services (NUPHS) because of a protracted leadership crisis which

has engulfed the unions for four years running. Brigadier Nwachukwu also said

the trade disputes decree was being suitably amended to give effect to the two

decisions. He urged the conference to examine closely, the trade dispute act

which he said workers complain to have given the employer an upper hand.

[Text] [Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 23 Feb 87 p 9] /13104

CSO: 3400307

59
SOMALIA

BRIEFS

NEW PARTY, GOVERNMENT POST—A statement from Secretary General of the SRSP

Challe Mohamed Siad Barre«s office has disclosed that to promote the smooth

running of party and government machinery, the post of assistant secretary

general has been created. The statement adds that Challe Abd al-Qadir

Haii Mohamed, hitherto chairman of the party bureau for social affairs,

has been appointed to, the post. [Text] [Mogadishu Domestic Service m Somali

0330 GMT 9 Mar 87 EA] /12624

CSO: 3400/273

60
TANZANIA

AGREEMENT WITH INDONESIA TO INTENSIFY RELATIONS

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 5 Mar 87 p 1

[Article by Habib Halahala]

[Test]

Jakarta, Wednesday.

TANZANIA and Indonesia have agreed to jointly explore new areas of cooperation as well as intensify the existing bilateral relations.

The agreement was concluded at the end of official discussions between ministers of the two

countries on economic co-operatiori and trade between the two countries.

The two countries have agreed

to increase trade in agricultural

and manufactured products such

as cloves, textiles, cement and

iron sheets.

Tanzania and Indonesia have

also, agreed to exchange experiences through training and

technical assistance in irrigation

and water development, construction of low cost housing including the use of clay bricks,

small and cottage industry and

artificial rain making for

agriculture.

Other areas of co-operation

will include education and

training.

The Tanzania delegation at

the talks was headed by the

Zanzibar Minister for Trade and

Industry, Ndugu Saliriin Amour,

and the Indonesian delegation

was led by the Minister for

Trade, Mr. Hachmat Saleh.

Ndugu Amour told the

delegates that the main aim of

President Mwinyi's visit to

Jakarta was to consolidate the

existing relations between

Indonesia and Tanzania and exchange views and experiences on

various areas of co-operation.

He pointed out that "Tanzania wants to expand her trade

with Indonesia through selling

more products, particularly

.cloves and purchasing various

products from Indonesia...."

Indonesia has indicated

willingness to sell to Tanzania

products such as cement, iron

sheets and textiles, and has also

shown interest to buy cotton

from Tanzania and is considering joint ventures in cotton

growing.

Mr. Saleh told Ndugu Amour

that his country was also willing

to share her experiences in artificial rain making and

irrigation to increase production

of food and cash crops in the

agricultural sector.

Meanwhile, President Mwinyi

who is on his second day of a

state visit to Jakarta, today laid

a wreath at the Wisma Negara

for the national heroes cemetery

at Kalibata. He also visited the

Nusantara aircraft industries at

Bandung in West Java.

61
His wife. Mama Sitti, who is

accompanying the President in

his Far East trip, today visited

the Jakarta recreation park at

'Tainan Imuian Java Ancol.

President Mwinyi tomorrow

morning leaves Jakarta for

Medan, North Sumatra.

President Suharto of Indonesia has, meanwhile,

declared th.ai.

his country will continue supporting the African states in

their struggle to eliminate

colonial legacy, especially in

Namibia and the apartheid

policy of the South African

racist regime.

President Suharto was

speaking at a state banquet he

hosted in honour of President

Mwinyi last night.

He told the delegates who attended the state dinner at the

State Palace in Jakarta; "Indonesia has never hesitated to

support every struggle against

colonialism, aggression and intervention against the

sovereignty and territorial integrity of a country".

Ilegarding ine relations between Tanzania and Indonesia,

President Suharto appealed for

the promotion of co-operation

between the two countries which

he said, would greatly benefit

the peoples of the two states to

exchange experiences and to

learn more from each other.

"We have made progress in

promoting the relations between

our two nations, and countries,

especially in the political and

economic fields", he said. Such

friendship and co-operation had'

grown and developed on the

basis of common principles, he

added. '

/9317

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62
TANZANIA

SWEDEN, NORWAY TO ASSIST IN IMPROVING DAR ES SALAAM PORT

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 9 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

SWEDEN and Norway will give

Tanzania a total of one billion^-

to improve the cargo handling

capacity of the Dar es Salaam

Port, the'Swedish Ambassador

to Tanzania Ndugu Per Jodahl,

has said.

Ndugu Jodahl told Shilwta in

Dar es Salaam in an interview at,

the weekend that the assistance

was intended to improve the

port to enable it handle more

goods for the Frontline and

other southern African states in

the wake of South Africa's

economic blockade.

The Swedish Minister for

Development Co-operation,

Ndugu Lena Hjelm-Wallen, who

arrives in Dar es Salaam next

Sunday for a five-day visit, will

1» one of the signatories of the

aid agreement, according to the

Ambassador.

Last year, President Mvvinyi

offered the port to landlocked

Southern African countries in

the wake of economic sanctions

against the racist regime in

Pretoria.

Dar es Salaam Port, a gateway

for Eastern and Central Africa,

handles import and export cargo

for Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire,

Malawi, Uganda and Zambia.

During the visit, the Swedish

Minister will visit regions to inspect Swedish-aided projects

and hold talks with senior

government officials.

Among issues" to be discussed

include forestry, education and

small scale industries run by the

Small Industries Development

Organisation to be financed by

Sweden, the Ambassador said.

She will also hold talks with

several ministers to see how

Sweden can support the

Economic Recovery Programme

(ERP) launched last July.

The Swedish Ambassador also

said a renowned Swedish

novelist and author, Per Wastberg, will visit Tanzania next

month.

Wastberg, who wrote several

lx)oks on the liberation struggle

in Southern Africa, is expected

to.tour several regions and hold

talks with government officials.

The Ambassador said his visit

| is intended to see how he can

| help to acquaint the Swedish

people with information on the

liberation struggle waged in

Southern Africa.

Meanwhile, the Deputy

Minister for Communication and

Works, Ndugu Arcado

Ntagaz'wa, has called on workers

of the Tanzania Harbours

Authority (THA) to work hard to

assist countries using the Port of

Dar es Salaam.

Ndugu Ntagazwa made the

call at the weekend at a reception to bid farewell to former

THA General Manager Peter

Hakilana and welcoming the newGeneral Manager, Athu.'nani

Janguo. ,

The Deputy Minister appealed to the workers to do away

with pilferage and work toward

helping the landlocked countries, particulary at this time of

economic sanctions against

South Africa.

/9317

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63
TANZANIA

FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY PLEDGES AID

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 17 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by Pudenciana Temba]

[Text] Finland will inject 4.2bn/- (380 million kronors) into projects

undertaken by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINIDA) in

Tanzania under a three year programme of financial assistance starting in

1989.

This was said by FINIDA Deputy Director T. Kaaria who was leading a seven-man

delegation to the Finnish-Tanzania annual consultation talks held at Treasury

in Dar es Salaam yesterday.

He said the move was

aimed at supporting Tanzania's Economy Recovery

Programme launched by

President Mwinyi in July last

year.

In. allocating the assistance,

he said, priority had been

given to projects also funded

by UNDP, UNICEF, the

Africa Development Bank >

(ADB) and other UN organs

aiding development countries.

The Tanzania delegation

to the two-day consultation is

headed by the Principal Secretary in the Ministry of

Finance, Economic Affairs

and Planning, Ndugu Gilman

Rutihirida.

The meeting, being held in

camera, Will discuss, among

other things the forestry

industry, water development, mining, and the Tanzania Tractor Manufacturing

Company (TRAMA).

According to the talks'

programme , the Tanzania pharmaceutical Industries, the Dar es Salaam University's Department of

Geology, and School of

Dentistry, Dar "es Salaam

Harbour Rehabilitation Project and the Uyole Agricultural centre wiH also be discussed ""

/13104

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64
TANZANIA

PRESIDENT CAMPAIGNS FOR REAWAKENING OF SELF-RELIANCE

Government Alone Cannot Meet Needs

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS In English 11 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

PRESIDENT Mwinyi has

stressed the re-awakening of

self-reliance eltorts. He called on

the people to do more for themselves than wait for the Government to do things for them.

He was congratulating Songwe

Division residents where he laid

the foundation stone for a cooperative godown being built by

efforts of the people, who have

made 200,000 bricks, worth

700,000/-.

The people will also participate fully in the construction

work. The godown will greatly

ease storage problems in the

areas which is prominent in cotton production.

He" said the country vast as it

is needed a lot of resources for

development but the government

alone could not satisfy these

development needs. "If we wait

for the government to do

everything, very little will be

rlon»," he cautioned.

The concept of people exerting more of their own efforts to

solve local bottlenecks was

revolutionary and should be

enhanced, he said.

This has been the theme of

the President throughout his

tour of this region now on his

fifth dav and taking him to

Kyela district today.

He urged the residents wliile

participating in the construction

of the godown to learn from the

building experts so that they

could apply them in building

more large facilities.

When ready the godown

would be capable of storing 1500

tonnes of crops or 700 tonnes .

cotton.

Plans for a cotton ginnery

were also on 'the drawing board,

the President was told by the

Mbeya Co-operative Union officials supervising the godown's

construction.

Earlier at Songwe village in

Mbozi District President Mwipvi

called for farmers mobilisation

to intensify use of animal power

so as to simplify labour.

He urged the use of animal

power not only in planting but

also in weeding and other farm

chores.

Co-operative farmers in the

village showed the President a

big farm cultivated by oxendrawn ploughs. The village has

20 oxen for the job.

The President called on the

villagers to teach primary school

children to use animal power to

ease the labour process.

President Mwinyi has also

continued to receive the people's

contributions in aid of Mozambique fighting against the MNR

bandits.

At Songwe village, he

received 15 bags of maize while

Njelenje villagers gave him 10

bags and 2,000/- cash.

Songwe Division in Chunya

District gave 13 cows, four

sheep, four goats and six bags of

"serena" for the same cause.

President Mwinyi has been

reminding the people of the need

to continue helping the people of

Mozambique in their war against

the South African-backed bandits.

He also visited Mwnmbani

hospital in Chunya District

which he opened in 1972 when

he was the then Minister for

Health.

The hospital is run by Dutch

missionaries in collaboration

with the government. He also

.opened a dispensary at

Makongolosi village.

Addressing a mass rally at

Chunya later, President Mwinyi

called on residents to plant 20

trees per person to avoid desertification.

He said indiscriminate tree

felling might bring the danger of

the district turning into a desert

in the near future.

He also called on them to

practise modern farming to increase food and cash crop

production. He said it was a

shame for the nation with its

vast land to beg for food.

Chunya residents contributed

211,152/60, 11 head of cattle

three goats, seven bags of serena

and one bag of maize to help

Mozambique fight MNR bandits.

The residents appealed to the

Government to provide them

with power, water and other

facilities to enhance their

production activities.

Due to transmission difficulties, it was incorrectly

reported in yesterday's issue of

the Daily News that 40 tonnes of

maize per hectare were being

produced at the Itaka National

Service Camp in Mbozi District.

The camp produces 40 bags and

not tonnes per hectare.

65
WASHIRIKA To Give Up Subsidy

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 18 Feb 87 p 1

[Article by John Wayule]

[Text] The Co-operative Union of Tanzania (WASHIRIKA), as an apex

organisation, this July starts operating without subsidy from the Party, the

WASHIRIKA Secretary-General, Ndugu David Holella, has said.

"Beginning this July, we will stop asking for subsidy from the Party. We will

operate within our own limits", Ndugu Holella said at an annual WASHIRIKA

get-together in Dar es Salaam on Monday.

He said his organisation was now capable of "standing on our own feet" and

would use available funds to run its projects.

Another mass organization which is operating without subsidy from the Party is

the Union of Tanzania Workers (JUWATA).

Ndugu Holella commended WASHIRIKA employees for production and services given

last year. He urged them to work harder this year, especially that the

organisation would not be asking for more subsidy.

He expressed hope that co-operative unions which were entering their fourth

year of operation this year would continue working hard to generate more

funds.

There are 26 regional co-operative unions on the Mainland and three on the

Isles. The unions took off in 1984.

He said WASHIRIKA would now strive to motivate peasants to produce more food

and cash crops. Therefore all WASHIRIKA employees should perform their duties

diligently.

"For this reason, we have to educate the peasants on modern farming and

livestock keeping", Ndugu Holella explained.

Ndugu Holella said efforts would have to be doubled to strengthen primary

societies because by strengthening them, co-operative unions would also be

consolidated.

All departments were being improved, he added.

"It is my hope that if we implement this, efficiency and productivity will be

realised", the Secretary-General said.

Ndugu Holella later presented a retiring staff member, Mzee Rajab Ambali, with

6,000/-. He has worked with WASHIRIKA for 15 years.

Two workers, Ndugu Ali Hassan and Ndugu Harun George were each presented with

a radio set.

66
Editortal Urges Self-Help

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 10 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

JHE President has declared

this year as "Year for SelfReliance," and appealed to

the people to revive the

Arusha spirit in order to

speed up development and

indeed add a nail to the

"poverty coffin."

We have always advocated that the people should

not wait for the government

to do things for them,

because the truth is people

are never developed but

develop themselves. Thus no

matter how committed our

Government might be in its

efforts to better the lot of its

Citizenry, it does not have

the means to do so.

It would be thus cheating

ourselves ifwe are to sit back

and wait for the Government to bring development

to us. The needs of our

people are many — they

need better houses, good

schools, roads, godowns and

vehicles for transportation.

They need clean water and

health services closer to

them.

But Tanzania being what

it is — a big sleeping giant

with an almost undeveloped

network of communication

— cannot be expected to

attain uniform development. It will very much

depend on the people and

their awareness and need for

development.

It is in this light that the

people of Ilcje District in

Mbeya Region have decided

to bring change in their lives

through self-help schemes,

Ileje, a very new district —

hardly ten years since it was

curved out from Rungwe

District — has shown a very

commendable example.

The district, according to

reports, is determined to

end its isolation by building

all weather roads, improve

crop storage by building

godowns in villages and construct dispensary and school

buildings.

According to reports from

the district, out of 523

teachers, only 41 are not

properly - housed. This is

indeed . a tremendous

achievement for there are

older districts which do not

have adequate teachers'

quarters.

The cry of "falling education standards" has been

heard afar and the Ministry

of Education has come up

with a programme tö raise

them. These include the

upgrading of teachers by

raising their academic ability, introduction of short

subject courses and provision of adequate teaching

materials and equipment.

Indeed, all these cannot

be done overnight as the

number of children presently attending schools outruns available resources.

But the Ministry, has asked

parents to help solve some of

the constraints that arc

within their reach. These

include building of class

rooms, stores, teachers'

houses and workshops.

Parents have also to provide other needs for their

children such as exercise

books, pens and pencils.

Ileje has shown the example of what is to be done. For

it is not enough to blame our

Government that it has

failed to provide this and

that without our own

involvement.

President Mwinyi has

demonstrated physically

how to go about it. He took

part in the Dar es Salaam

pothole filling campaign last

month. He also took part in

the Party's fund raising

walk in Dodoma last year.

Indeed, the President by

declaring 1987 the year for

Self-Reliance, is challenging

us all that we can solve many

of our problems if we

organise ourselves and

spend our energies constructively. It can be done, let

each one of us play his/her

part.

/13104

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67
TANZANIA

RESULTS OF ZANZIBAR LOCAL ELECTION REPORTED

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 11 Feb 87 pp 1, 3

[Text]

A 38-YFAR olf marine electrical engineer, Maulicl Haji

Mjaka, has been declared the

first elected Mayor of the Zanzibar Municipality after scoop-,

ing 68.5 per cent of the votes in

the local government elections

which ended in Zanzibar on Sun- \

day.

ilis opponent, incumbent

Shariff Haji Khatib, polled 31.5

percent after he received 5,295

votes, Shihata reported.

Announcing the results yesterday the Zanzibar Director of

Elections, Ndugu Salim Mzee

Ali. said Ndugu Mjaka had polled 11,514 votes.

The Director told newsmen

that 18,705 people out of 32,329

who had registered, voted in the

election of the Mayor while I

1,893 votes were spoilt. '

Wetc Town Council elected

Ndugu Ahmed Seif Hamad as its

chairman. He scooped 1,055

votes against his opponent,

Ndugu Juma Maalim Vuai, who

polled 496 votes. Ndugu

Hamad's votes represent a victory of 68 per cent.

The Chairman of Chake

Chake Town Council is Ndugu

Mohammed Salim AM who polled 843 votes. This represented

55.7 per cent against co-aspirant

Mzee Juma Seif who" got 671

votes.

The Chairman of Mkoani

Town Council is Ndugu Ali

Omar Makamc who polled 323

votes, beating his opponent,

Ndugu Mohammed Juma

Khamis who received 178 votes.

Ndugu Makamc won by 64.5 per

cent.

Mkunazini constituent government will have Ndugu Salum

S. Mohammed as its councillor

after receiving 508 votes against

Ndugu Baraka M. Shamtc who

got 294 votes.

Malindi will have Ndugu

Abdalla S. Magwa as its councillor after he got 557 votes against

Ndugu Himid O. Khamis who

polled 529 votes.

Kikwajuni's councillor is

Ndugu Jurna A. Rajab who polled 537 votes against Ndugu

Khamis M. Haji who received

482 votes.

Following arc the elected

councillors for different Constituencies with their votes in

brackets.

Ndugu Rashid Zam Ali (566)

for Mlandegc constituency after

beating Ndugu Himid R. Juma

(486); Ndugu Abdallah II.

Mohammed (827) against

Ndugu Seif S. Mchenga (568) for

Rahaleo constituency, and

Ndugu Said A. Kificho (579)

against Ndugu Abassi M. Juma

(264) for Makadara constituency.

Kwahani constituency has

Ndugu Mohammed Mussa Seif

Mkobani as its councillor after

he was elected unopposed.

The councillor for Mikunguni

is Ndugu Asakhcri S. Ussi (805)

who had beaten Ndugu Bakan

K. Hilika (492) while the councillor for Jang'ombe is Ndugu

Iddi Otnari Iddi (927) who won

against his opponent. Ndugu

Said Abdalla (752).

The councillor for Magomeni

is Ndugu Khamis M. Pwani (775)

against Ndugu Hamza M. Ali

(516): Amaani constituency will

now have Ndugu Ali Haji

.Abdallah (1,145) after he beat

'Ndugu Mkubwa Haji (601); and

the councillor for Kwamtipura is

Ndugu Seif I". Mussa (917)

against Ndugu Kombo Said

(700) while for Mwembemakumbi the new councillor is

Ndugu Juma K. Haji (1,038)

against Ndugu Masoiid

Suleiman (921).

In Zanzibar West District, the

councillor for Mfenesini constituency is Ndugu Ali Haji Yussuf

(929) who scored against his

opponent, Ndugu Mjumbe

Msuri Mjumbe (916); Mwera

constituency has Ndugu Said

Kassim Faki (1.074) against

Ndugu Shija Othman Shija (566)

while pimani constituency will

have Ndugu Thaiaba Fadhili

Khatib (1,341) against Ndugu

Mwanamvua Mfaumc Hassan

(550).

Zanzibar Central District's

constituency of Chwaka has

Ndugu Salum Mohammed

Salum as its councillor after he

polled 1,241 votes against his

opponent. Ndugu Shaft Hassan

Juma who polled 829.

Koani constituent councillor

in the same district is Ndugu Said

Mohammed Hassan (1,094)

against Ndugu Suleimah Hussein AH (886), while Uzini constituency has Ndugu Fatma Ali

Vuai (1,238) against Ndugu AH

Othman Ali (704).

Zanzibar South District has

Ndugu Ameir Pandu Ameir

(1,582) as the councillor of

Muyuni after beating his opponent, Ndugu Juma Mscllem Issa

.68
who received 883 votes, while

Makunduchi will have Ndugu

Amcir Simai Pope (1.141) as

the councillor against Ndugu

Mwita Masemo Makungu (933).

Zanzibar North 'A' District

has the following councillors

for the various constituencies:

Mkwajuni — Ndugu Haji

Ahmed Haji (836) against

Ndugu Mlekwa Hamad Silima

(526); Tur.ibatu — Ndugu Omar

Haji Mwadini (1,312) against

Ndugu Mkopi Haji Juma (785);

Matemwe Ndugu Juma Vuai

Mshamba (1.204) against Ndugu

Ali Haji AM (713); Nungwi —

Ndugu Haji Ali Haji (1,333)

against Ndugu Simai Koma

Arne (1.040V and Chaani

Ndugu Haji Shauri Haji (1,244)

against Ndugu Khamis Sharif

Khamis (852).

For Zanzibar' North 'B' District Ndugu Mussa Slcyyum Said

(704) is the councillor of

Bumbwini after beating his

opponent Ndugu Ali Faki AM

(347) and Kitope constituency

has Ndugu Ah Yussuf Juma

(1.057) against Ndugu Yussuf

Machano Yussuf (872) while

Donge constituency has Ndugu

Haji Machano Juma (1,211)

against Ndugu Lulu Hussein

Othman (900).

In Mkoani. , District,

Mkanyageni constituency will

have Ndugu Omar Makamc I laji

(904) as its councillor against

Ndugu Makamc Pandu Makamc

(680); Mtambile constituency

has Ndugu Omar AM Saleh

(1,234) against Ndugu Hamdu

Hassan Bakari (462); Kiwani

constituency has Ndugu Mussa

Juma Omar (1,424) against

Ndugu Mohammed Othman

Faki (637); and Chambani constituency has Ndugu Mohammed Saleh Juma (1,014) against

Ndugu ' Mohammed Maalim

Omar (508).

In (..'hake (hake District, Vitongoji constituency has Ndugu

Ali Juma Khamis (777) against

Ndugu Juma Mbarouk Haji

(661); Wawi constituent councillor is Ndugu Said Khamis Said

(592) against Ndugu Mkubwu

Salim Saleh (418) while Chonga

constituency has Ndugu Shaib

Said Ali (704) against Ndugu

Salim Rashid Mbarouk (470).

Zivvani constituency has

Ndugu AM Mohammed Juma

(809) against Ndugu AM Abdalla

Abdulrahman (451). and Kilindi

constituency has Ndugu Hassan

Kaduwara Hassan (928) against

Ndugu Suleiman Abdulrahman

Salum(47H.

In Wetc Distiict, Pandani constituency has Ndugu Suleiman

Nassor Suleiman (559) against

Ndugu Mkubwa Abdalla AM

(433); Ole constituency has

Ndugu Abdalla Juma Ali' (995)

against Ndugu Suleiman I lamad

Hassan (621); Oando constituent councillor is Ndugu Iddi

1 lamad Iddi (928) against Ndugu

Fatma Zahor Omar (398).

Kojani — Ndugu Ali Omar

Ali (805) against Ndugu Hamad

Othman Hamad' (233):

Mtambwe Ndugu Masoud

Othman Bakari (647) against

Ndugu Amour Salum Khamis

(540); and Utaani -- Ndugu

Juma Hamad Haji (779) against

Ndugu Rajab Suleiman Amran

(282).

In Micheweni District,

Wingwi constituency has Ndugu

Hamad Mbarouk AM (1,045)

against Ndugu Sharif Kombo

Dadi (787); Micheweni —

Ndugu Hassan Hamad Maalim

(1,206) against Ndugu Hamad

Masoud Hamad (Ü94); and

Konde — Ndugu Miraji

Ramadhan Hariri (1.176)

against Ndugu Khamis Hamad

Mussa (335).'

This is the first time for Zanzibaris to elect their local governments following an Act w liieh

establishes local government

authorities last vear.

/13104

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69
TANZANIA

SPECIAL CONSTABULARY POLICE CADRE TO BE INTRODUCED

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 3 Mar 87 p 1

[Article by Abdallah Yakuti]

[Text]

THE Government will introduce

a -special constabulary police

cadre and expand people's

militia training to combat crime.

The measure, which will also

include the assignment of senior

police officers at regional,

district and ward levels, is also

aimed at monitoring the security

situation in the areas for the

purpose of deterring infiltration

by foreign agents.

The Deputy Minister for

Home Affairs, Ndugu Hamad

Rashid Mohamed, has said that

destablisation of the Frontline

States by the South African

regime calls for tightened

national security and hence the

new measures.

He told Party and Government leaders in Zanzibar Urban

district here yesterday that in

both cases, there was need to

mobilise popular support.

However, he said, vigilance

against foreign agents and the

war against crime should be

carried out simultaneously

because criminals could easily be

used for the infiltration of Boer

agents.

He told the leaders that the

move by the Government called

for full co-operation between cell

leaders and the policd officers to

be assigned at the grassroot

level.

The Deputy Minister further

explained that the proposed

special constabulary cadre would

draw its manpower from the

ranks of the people's mil tia.

He said these would not be

full time police employees. The

force would instruct them on the

police operational code, and

would provide them with decent

uniform and allowances.

He assured the leaders that

the combingrup exercise for

criminals and foreign agents

would be conducted in a manner

that law abiding citizens and

non-citizens would not be

bothered or harassed.

The Deputy Minister, currently touring security installations

under his Ministry on the Isles,

also assured the leaders that information to the police regarding

criminal activities volunteered

by the public would be treated

in total confidence.

The district leaders had

earlier blamed the police for

disclosing the identity of those

giving them information on

criminals and that there was

"too much corruption in the

Force".

"The new moves to eliminate

crime can only succeed if the

police is cleared of a few corrupt

elements", the leaders stressed.

They also asked the Government to ensure that people with

criminal records were not

allowed to join the people's

militia or the constabulary force.

/9317

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70
TANZANIA

PARASTATALS TO GET MORE FREEDOM, TO BE MORE ACCOUNTABLE

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS in English 6 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

THE GOVERNMENT is

seriously thinking of allowing

public corporations more

freedom to run their affairs to

make them more accountable.

This was said here by

President Mwinyi during a

ceremony to lay the foundation

stone for the Tunduma National

Bank of Commerce (NBC)

Branch yesterday.

He said this would lessen interference by government officials who might not

necessarily have the expertise to

guide the institutions.

He said if the institutions

were freer to carry out their

programmes, the Government

would hold them accountable

when things went wrong.

Currently, public institutions

have to refer to parent ministries

on whatever little decisions they

want to make on their activities.

The President said the concept of accountability, if

properly used, would l>ear

positive results in the country's

public affairs.

He said the Government WHS

in the process of initiating

discussions on the modalities of

ensuring greater accountability

among public institutions to be

implemented in the near future.

Earlier, the President told

crop purchasing and financial

institutions to make early and

proper assessment of the expected crop in the coming season

to ensure smooth purchasing.

He said last season was a difficult one in terms of crop pur-

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chases because of wrong

assessment on the expected harvests.

President Mwinyi said this

was especially so in cotton purchases.

He also called on the purchasing institutions to make

proper use of the cash advances for crop purchases. He noted that some

institutions had failed to

account for the money, making

it difficult for the bank to give

more advances.

The President reminded the

institutions of the need to observe strict the regulations

governing credit advanced by

banks.

He also called on the NBC to

speed up construction of its

buildings for branches

throughout the country, saying

that construction of some of the

buildings were taking too long

making it a burden in terms of

escalation of costs.

The President cited the NBC

Bunda branch in Mara Kegion,

which has been under construction for a long time.

He directed that where the

contractors were found to be

negligent, corrective measures

should lie taken according to the

law. If there were loopholes in

the laws governing contracts,

these should be plugged.

On arrival at Tunduma, a

township straddling the Tanzania/Zambia border, President

Mwinyi visited the Customs

house and was briefed on .the

operations by Customs and Immigration officials.

Meanwhile, ['resident Mwinyi

71

has called on Tanzanians to continue material contributions to

help Mozambique in her light,

against MNR banditry.

Addressing a public rally at

Vwawa yesterday evening, he

reiterated that Tanzania's independence remained incomplete

while Mozambicans continued,

to suffer from the South Africanbacked bandits.

He acknowledged the contributions made so far to fight

the acts of sabotage and

atiocities in Mozambique.

Mbozi residents contributed

300,000/- and one cow to

Mozambique. The President had

earlier received contributions of

21,630/- from Itaka National

Service Camp and 50.000/- from

the Nafco farm at Magamba.

At Itaka. the President called

on the armed forces to help in

the efforts to increase food production in the country.

I Ie asked them to use the same

spirit of dedication and sense of

purpose which led to the defeat

of Idd Amin in 1979 to rid the

country of the current food shortages.

"Let us not be reduced to beggars before super powers when

the country can satisfy our own

food needs." he said.

1 lc hailed the National Service

for being able to produce 40 tonnes of maize per hectare.

He asked the peasants to

strike a balance between production of cash and food crops. He

also pledged to Mbozi District

residents to ensure adequate and

timely delivery of farm inputs, to

ensure increased production.

The President begins a tour of

Chunya District today.
TANZANIA

TAZARA RAILWAY REPORTEDLY NEEDS ALMOST $180 MILLION

Dar es Salaam TANZANIA DAILY NEWS In English 14 Feb 87 p 1

[Text]

A TOTAL of more than nine

billion/- (179,628,000 US

.dollars), is needed by the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority

(TAZARA) in emergency traffic

aid requirements of the land

locked East, Central and

Southern African states. j

The requirements, presented

at the second TAZARA' donors

meeting in Dar es Salaam

yesterday cover wide ranging

areas that need emergency

assistance necessitated by the

diversion of cargo1 "from South

African ports to the Dar es

Salaam Port.

As a necessary consequence,

TAZARA has to cope with the

new situation of increased traffic

volume from and to the land

locked countries in the subregion. Shihata reported.

This situation has been;

brought about following the in- j

tensification of the liberation j

struggle in South Africa and j

Namibia and the call by the international community for the

imposition of comprehensive

mandatory sanctions agayist,the

Boer regime in Pretoria.

Major emergency requirements include acquisition

of 27 diesel electric iocotjlotives

Costing about 2.7 billion/- (64

million dollars), 1,050 wagons

worth 3.15 billion/- (63 million

dollars). The repowering of 58

DFH locomotives to cost 1.8

billion/- (37.41 million dollars)

and the rehabilitation of diesel

electric locomotives 1004 and

1006

/13104

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Apart from the supply of

spare parts for workshops,

.locomotives, wagons and other

facilities; the funds will also be

used for : rehabilitating 150

wagons), .purchasing motor',

trolleys, cranes, vehicles for road;

transportation of materials and

staff, conveyors for loading and

off-loading grains and fertilisers,

earth-moving equipment and

Bailey bridges to be used in

emergencies.

Analyising , TAZARA's

capacity, the proposals showed

that the Authority had a spare

capacity of 1.4 million tonnes of

cargo annually, which could be

utilised by the landlocked states

out of its 2.5 million tonnes an-

,nual capacity. The rest was

being utilised by Tanzania and

Zambia.

For TAZARA to utilise the.

spare capacity to the fullest extent possible, it would require an

injection of additional

locomotives and wagons.'

However, before these are

acquired, emergency measures

need to be taken to strengthen

the capability for repair and

maintenance of locomotives and

rolling stock in TAZARA

workshops.

Opening the two Hay meeting,

the TAZARA Board Chairmpn,

Ndugii N.E. Nyoni, said

TAZARA had assumed a difficult role in the economies of

the East, Central and Southern

Africa sub-region.

He said the world was well

aware that the present state of

affairs was such that TAZARAhad to bear the responsibility to

salvage the economies of the

group through providing improved transport facilities.

Ndygu Nyoni, who is also the

Permanent Secretary in Zambia's Ministry of Power, Transport and Communications, said

many independent Southern

African states wgre dependent

on the doubtful route through

South African ports for their imports and 'exports.

He said South Africa, faced

with ehonomic sanctions, was

desparate.

"With the looming sanctions,

the Boer regime has already

started imposing its own sanctions against Zimbabwe when it

refused Zimbabwean goods

passing through its ports"

Ndugu Nyoni said.

Following such acts of

retaliation, Nyoni.said the independent states in Southern

Africa-would entirely depend on

TAZARA for transportation of

its imports and exports.

As such, he said, projects

which were planned to be inn

plemented in the next ten years

have to be advanced and implemented in the next 18 months.

The meeting, being attended

by representatives from the

African Development Flank,

CIDA, EEC, Australia, USA1D,

the Federal Republic of Germany, NORAD, Finnida and

France, is expected to end today.

72
ZIMBABWE

HERALD CRITICIZES U.S. PLANS FOR ZAIRE AIR BASE

MB201137 Harare THE HERALD in English 11 Mar 87 p 4

[Editorial: "U.S. and Africa"]

[Text] Recently the new ambassador of the United States to Zimbabwe,

Mr James Rawlings, spoke positively on Zimbabwe-American relations and

said these were on the mend. This is good news indeed especially coming

in the wake of the suspension of aid to Zimbabwe by the U.S. on the grounds

that Harare was criticizing U.S. policies in Southern Africa.

Judging by the declarations of the Zimbabwe Government since 1980, it has

been the policy of the Prime Minister, Cde [Comrade] Mugabe, to strive

for good relations between all states irrespective of their size or

wealth, on the basis of mutual respect.

Genuine differences of opinion, between genuine and mutually respectful

states do not have to result in antagonistic contradictions. It is only

when, in essence, the intentions of the one towards the other undermine

the other's basis of existence that irreconcilable contradictions can arise.

The issue of South Africa, that is, the removal of the apartheid regime

and the independence of Namibia, are matters of life and death not only

for the people of South Africa and Namibia but for the people of the entire

region in particular and of the whole continent of Africa in general.

Nay, if we take into account the verdict of the United Nations of which

the U.S. is a founder member, that apartheid as a system of government

is a crime against humanity, then the apartheid regime takes on another

dimension and the social system being practised in South Africa becomes

a matter of life and death not only for the continent of Africa, but

for the rest of humanity, as nazism and fascism were.

Yesterday when the whole of humanity rose up in arms against Hitler's

Third Reich, the allies' primary preoccupation was not with who was

a communist and who was not, they were only concerned with Hitler and his

friends — the rest were allies.

73
Hence the single issue that is bound to keep disturbing relations

between Zimbabwe and the U.S. is the fact that not only does Washington

peddle softly towards the Pretoria regime but that the U.S. aids and

arms the UNITA bandits which are Pretoria's tools of destabilization in the

region.

This tends to undermine the veracity of claims that Washington is

opposed to "armed struggle" in the region and leaves the door wide open

for concluding that Washington is opposed only to the "armed struggle"

of those opposed to apartheid while encouraging the armed struggle of those

who are friendly towards the apartheid regime.

This cannot be defined as a genuine difference of opinion between mutually

respectful states on the. means of solving the South African crisis.

It leads to antagonistic contradictions.

The news that came out in February that Washington intended opening a military

base in Zaire blatantly undermines.U.S. claims of peaceful designs in

the region.

The airbase which would "possibly be for our use if needed," as the

U.S. charge d'affaires to Zimbabwe, Mr Ed Fugit, recently said in

Harare, has been, correctly described by the president of SWAPO, Cde Sam

Nujoma, as a threat to the Frontline States.

When he died, in the as yet unexplained plane crash over South Africa,

Cde Samora Machel, was returning from a meeting with the Zairean leader,

Mr Mobutu SeseSeko, where the latter was requested not to collaborate

with the UNITA bandits.

The presence of a U.S. military base in Zaire which can be at the

disposal of UNITA does not augur well for U.S.-African relations.

/12624

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74
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

DROUGHT IN SAVE—A severe drought has affected the Save Valley. This was

disclosed by the district administrator for Chipinge, Comrade (Chris

Chingosho). Comrade (Chingosho) told the Zimbabwe Information Service

about the need to sink 200 more bore holes in the area. The district

administrator also called upon the Cold Storage Commission to purchase

cattle in the area before the situation deteriorates. [Text] [Harare

Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 20 Mar 87 MB] /12624

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75
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER PREDICTS ANC DEFEAT, UNITA VICTORY

MB200538 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2210 GMT 19 Mar 87

[Text] Cape Town, 19 Mar (SAPA)—The UNITA leader, Dr Jonas Savimbi,

would be in power in Angola within the next ten years, while the ANC

would no longer be a factor in South Africa by that time, the minister

of national health and population development, Dr Willie van Niekerk,

said here tonight.

Asked at an election meeting for his vision of South Africa in ten years

time, he said it would be a place of stability and a prosperous Christian

democracy.

"By that time we will have worked out a situation with our black fellow

citizens where they participate in decision making on matters of common

ground but where the community life of each group is run by their own

department or ministers council," Dr van Niekerk told about 80 people.

Within ten years South Africa would be the generator of economic growth

for sub-Saharan Africa and would provide food and medical care for neighboring

countries, "Because they can't provide it for themselves."

"By that stage Angola will be governed by Dr Savimbi. The ANC and SWAPO

will no longer have bases in Angola."

Earlier Dr van Niekerk, a former administrator-general of SWA/Namibia, said

that SWAPO was in effect no longer a factor in the territory. He said

SWA/Namibia was one of three countries worldwide where anti-revolutionaries

had won revolutionary struggles. He was sure Dr Savimbi and UNITA "will

not lose Angola for us."

"So also the National Party will not lose to the ANC. No-one will prescribe

to us from outside."

He said it was futile to negotiate with revolutionaries because they had

no power to negotiate and make decisions as these had to come from the powers

that were manipulating them.

Dr Van Niekerk, who was speaking in support of the NP candidate in

Durbanville, Mr Frik van Deventer, said the self-determination of whites

a promise in the NP election manifesto had already been put into effect,

[sentence as received] "The white Ministers Council as it is composed today

is already busy carrying out the self-determination right of whites."

76
For the first time in history there was only one minister caring

specifically for white welfare, one for white local authorities, another

for white schools and several for white farming.

"Whatever system is devised for black political participation, the white

ministers council will look after the interests of whites," Dr van Niekerk

said.

Questioned about forced removals, and asked for an assurance that there

would be no more, and that residents of Woodstock in Cape Town would not

have to move, he said forced removals had been stopped. "They have been

halted but we must always remember we also said that urbanization must be

orderly."

He asked the questioner if he thought that the Corssroads squatter camp

was an example of orderly urbanization and then answered himself: "The

answer must be no. It is not orderly urbanization. It is not even

urbanization^" Urbanization required orderly street layout, sanitation and

running water.

Of Woodstock he said he, was sure the department concerned would

investigate the matter and do the best for the residents.

Referring to the government's "population development" program, he said

that one of the faults that had been made in the past was not to allow

white capital to be used for industrial development of the homelands.

This had been a fault of the former prime minister, Dr Hendrik Verwoerd

and this had resulted in there being.not enough industrial development

in the homelands.

Earlier, Dr Van Niekerk referred to United. States sanctions against

South Africa and said it was the "greatest hypocrisy I have seen" that

one of the prerequisites for lifting the santions was the scrapping of

the population Registration.Act.

The United States required every citizen to have his race stated on his

birth certificate, he said, and in the state of Louisiana people with

more than.l/32nd of black blood were classified black..

"We will not bow before foreign pressure. We withstood them at the

beginning of the century when we were just a small handful of boers.

"Now it's not just.a question of Mausers. They won't attack us so easily."

/12624

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77
SOUTH AFRICA

CP, HNP, NP ON TRANSVAAL PROSPECTS

MB210748 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1830 GMT 20 Mar 87

[Report on separate interviews with the leader of the HNP, Jaap Maris;

Minister of Manpower Piet du Plessis, NP MP for Lydenburg, Connie Mulder,

CP representative; and National Education Minister F.W. de Klerk, leader

of the NP in the Transvaal, by Riaan Nel, Jannie Botes, Freek Robinson,

and unidentified reporter, on the "Network" program presented by Friedl

Hansen: video recorded passages in quotation marks]

[Text] [Hansen] Our election feature tonight focuses on the role of the

CP and the HNP in the election campaign in the Transvaal. Members of

our political staff discussed this issue with representatives of these

two parties and the NP.

[Nel] "Mr Marais, what is the significance of the inability of the two

right-wing parties to reach an.election agreement? How will this affect

the chances of the NP in the Transvaal?

[Marais] "This will, I think, influence the chances of the NP very

favorably, obviously, in ;the first place, the NP will not have to fight

a strong campaign to the right, and it can then concentrate on the left.

Then, too, if our two parties fight each other, it affects right-wing

politics negatively and provides a kind of bonus to the NP. In addition,

I think, the NP could then possibly win 30 seats, which it would otherwise

have lost if the two parties cooperated. So, it is in the interests of

the NP that the HNP and CP do not reach agreement.

[Nel] "What are the HNP's chances in the Transvaal?

[Marais] "If we could reach a cooperation agreement, then it is possible

that we could win 10 to 15 seats for the HNP. If we do not reach

agreement, then I believe we could win 3 seats.

[Nel] "On what election issues are you going to fight the NP in .the coming

election?

[Marais] "We will fight the NP on every important election issue:

international relations, economic relations, and race relations in this

country. As far as international relations are concerned, we believe

78
South Africa must stand much more firmly as a sovereign state, and not be

inclined to accept the constructive involvement of the United States. We

must not behave as though we were a U.S. colony. We must also use our

strongest weapons — our strategic minerals — much more effectively.

As for economic relations, our policy is one of stability and economic

justice in South Africa. We believe the present constitutional system must

be dismantled so that we return to a basis of separate development, leading

to a territorial separation in which every national group, every race group,

can develop its own constitutional structures."

[Reporter] "Mr du Plessis,. in your view, what will be the effect for the

NP of the inability of. the two right-wing.parties to reach an election pact?

[du Plessis] "Well, I think it illustrates the inability of those two

leaders to give leadership. It confirms, the .NP's view that the right-wing

radical splinter parties are not concerned about issues but about

personalities and positions of leaders, what posts they can get, and how they

can get into parliament. Even if these right-wing splinter parties united,

it would still not have a significant influence on the election results

in the country.

[Reporter] "What are the chances of the NP in the Transvaal, specifically

in the far northern Transvaal?

[du Plessis] "Let me confine my remarks to the northamTransvaal, where

I am chairman of the northern Transvaal region. We have seven constituencies

there, of which four are held by the NP and three by the CP, and in the old

provincial council the CP held five seats and the NP two. In the 1983

referendum the No vote was in the majority. I believe we have a surprise

for the CP in the northern Transvaal though, because we are definitely

going to win some of their seats for the NP. We have a fighting spirit

and a determination to win back those seats which belonged to our party.

[Reporter] "What is going to be the. NP's strategy against the right-wing

parties?

[du Plessis] "We are fighting positively for a better South Africa for

all its people, so that we can have stability, progress,, peace, and order

for all. But you know, we are also fighting against the.rest of the world—

against the communist forces, who want to destroy the existing order

in South Africa. As for our stand against radical parties, whether they

be of the right or the. left, we, believe the left stands for surrender.

The right-wing radical splinter parties' whole policy of rigid racism,

discrimination, and so on will increase racial tension in the country.

It will bedevil race relations. It will heighten the revolutionary climate

in the country and lead to revolution."

79
[Botes] "Dr Mulder, the right-wing parties are still struggling to get

together in this election. Surely this only improves the chances of the NP?

[Mulder] "The fact that the right-wing parties are having a bit of a

problem finding each other must of course benefit the NP. I can, however,

say that at present discussions are under way, fruitful discussions,

and I am optimistic that we will reach an agreement, and then the NP

willrealize it has to deal with a strong, united right-wing front,

which will provide, them with a powerful opposition, and gives a good

account of itself.

[Botes] "Dr Mulder, how do you see the chances of the CP in the Transvaal?

[Mulder] "You are asking me to be a prophet. That's not easy. Of course,

the Transvaal is the strongest base of the CP. I can also say I don't think

there has been such an open election for the past 40 or 50 years,; and I don't

think there is a single safe seat in the whole country. But to us, the

most important thing to us, who do all the walking and canvassing, is

that we can give the. assurance, that the CP is going to do better than

anything we have so far read in newspaper forecasts or opinion polls.

[Botes] "What is the basic stance of the.CP, as opposed to that of .other

political parties in the country?

[Mulder] "As far as the parties to the left of us, we are quite clear.

The government believes that South Africa is a unitary state. Second,

all those three parties believe that all of us — black, white, brown,

and yellow — are citizens, equal citizens, in a single unitary state..

Third, they believe that all must be given an equal vote. The CP is

opposed to this. We say South Africa is a subcontinent, and not a

unitary state, just like western Europe. This subcontinent must eventually

be divided into its 13 constituent nations and states. Then there will be a

white state, in which only whites are citizens. Then one can care for

one's own citizens, economically, in employment, in every field, because

then one will have a duty only to one's own citizens. You will not owe

anything to all the other thousands that have been loaded onto you. That is

the basic difference between ourselves and. the NP."

[Robinson] "Mr de Klerk, what is your experience up to now of the

opposition from the right-wing parties opposing the NP in the Transvaal?

[De Klerk] "Well, it manifests itself on various levels. Firstly, I find

that the quality of their propaganda is not so good, in the sense that it

is often not based on all the facts or it is based oti the manipulation of facts.

I tried this evening to show how the whole issule centering, around the

white taxpayers' money is distorted and creates the wrong impressions among

voters. I think their propaganda can often be condemned. With regard

to their style, it seems that there is no end, even in a general election

campaign, to the style of disrupting meetings.

80
[Robinson] "Can you briefly indicate what is the NP's chances in the

event of a HNP-CP agreement, and in the case that they do not reach an

agreement?

[De Klerk] "I never focused my hopes, in the Transvaal or in the rest

of the country, on a division among them. No, I think it might make a

difference, here and there, in a marginal constituency. In the National

Party we are working for real full majorities in the highest possible

number of constituencies.

[Robinson] "What is, briefly, your standpoint about the police directions

of the two right-wing parties?

[De Klerk] "If one analyzes their policy, then it appears as if they

are failing totally, while admitting among themselves through, their

spokesman that millions of people from various population groups, including

millions of blacks, will be present in a so-called white South Africa.

But they fail completely to suggest a way of providing for those people

politically. They are still clinging to a formula which, if it could

have worked could have provided a solution. We ourselves tried to get

that formula to work — the exercising of rights by blacks not where they

were living, but in another state, in a different territory, where decisions

were made but which did not affect the lives of those blacks living there.

We found that we will have to give blacks rights in the places where

they live, in such a manner that it does not lead to the domination

of one group over others."

/12624

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81
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER ON SEPARATE SCHOOLS, GROUP AREAS ACT

Group Areas Act in Force

MB210540 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 21 Mar 87

[Text] The minister in the office of the state president responsible

for administration and broadcasting services, Mr. Alwyn Schlebusch, says

the government is adhering to its principle of separate schools and

residential areas for all population groups. Mr Schlebusch said at Bethlehem

that the Group Areas Act remained in force, although members of other

population groups often moved into dwellings in white residential areas

because of a shortage of housing in their own areas.

Affirms 'Credibility' of Act

MB212051 Johannesburg Television Service.in English 1800 GMT 21 Mar 87

[Text] The minister of administration and broadcasting services in the

office of the state president, Mr Alwyn Schlebusch, says that the fact that

the Group Areas Act is being contravened in certain areas does not mean

that the government is moving away from the act. In answer to a question

at a public meeting in Bethlehem last night, Mr Schlebusch said the

credibility of the act could not be doubted. The minister also referred

to the proposed state council.

[Begin Schlebusch recording, in Afrikaans] We cannot spell out the function

of the state council. But the state council can be a legally structured

body which could possibly be an umbrella organization through which

executive power of legislative power could be coordinated and it will become

parliament. It is still too early to tell precisely what the state council

encompasses, but we feel it could be developed toward a state council

where this could be adapted seriously and constructively. The primary

purpose for this election is that we do not have the mandate from the

electorate and is to ask you to give us that mandate to continue

with this. [end recording]

/12624

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82
SOUTH AFRICA

PRISON SERVICE SAYS CHILDREN TREATED WELL

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 27 Feb-5 Mar 87 p 3

[Text] SA PRISONS SERVICE has

complained to the Weekly Mail about

a report that appeared in last week's

edition, headlined "Two-year-old

spent eight months in cells".

The Chief Liaison Officer of SA

Prisons Service, Brigadier EC van

Zyl, wrote: "In the said article it is

implied that Richard Geelbooi was

'malnourished and became ill due to

the wrong diet and negligence on the

part of the warders.

"It is stated that his mother reported

his illness to the warders but that he

was admitted to hospital only after all

the women protested furiously.

"These facts are incorrect as the

baby was seen by a doctor regularly,

and was weighed during every

consultation.

"He was admitted to the Livingston

Hospital on 7 July 1986 for a duration

of seven days and was treated for

diarrhoea. During her incarceration,

his mother did not complain about

either his medical treatment or his

nutrition.

"When his mother was released

from prison, he weighed 15kg — a

normal weight for children between

one and three years old. In fact he

weighed 7kg more then when his

mother was incarcerated.

"With reference to the incarceration

of babies with their mothers, it must

he stated clearly that it is the policy of

the SA Prisons Service to admit to

prison with female prisoners their

infants who are wholly or partially

dependent on breast-feeding and to

accommodate them at state expense

for as long as it is considered essential.

"Prisoners, as well as babies, are

medically examined by a physician as

soon as possible after admission and as

often as is necessary thereafter. A

record is kept of each consultation and

all prescribed treatment.

"Prison nurses routinely record

children's weight and are in daily

contact with the younger children,

helping the mothers with their care.

Any problems of a medical or

nutritional nature they notice are

referred to the prison doctor.

"Dietary scales are revised on a

continual basis by Prisons Service

dieticians in order to. ensure the

maintenance of the minimum

requirements with regard to

nutritional values as laid down by

amongst others the World Health

Organisation. This is also the case

with the dietary scales for babies and

infants.

/13104

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83
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER LISTS OVERCROWDED PRISONS

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 6-12 Mar 87 p 1

[Text ] OVER 2 200 babies were imprisoned

with their mothers last year,

according to Kobie Coetsee, the

Minister of Prisons.

Giving written answers to

parliamentary questions yesterday,

Coetsee drew a picture of South

African prisons that included

overcrowding of over 200 percent in

some prisons.

And thousands of children and

babies are among those in custody.

The average daily prison population

last year was 114 220, more than

30 000 over the "accommodation

figure" of 84 383.

The most overcrowded prisons

were Groepunt Medium Security in

the PWV area, with 224 percent overpopulation, and Pollsmoor Prison,

with 99 percent overpopulation.

Coetsee said the prisons were

overcrowded "in the sense that the

norm was exceeded". However,

overcrowding of prisons was a

relative concept and. was not an

/13104

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"unmanageable phenomenon".

The situation at prisons with a

temporary above-average influx of

admissions was alleviated by

transferring prisoners to jails with

lower occupation levels, he said.

Other overpopulated prisons

included Caledon (93 percent), Victor

Verster Medium B (97,5), Calvinia

(97,6), Van Rhysdorp (91,9) and

Pietermaritzburg Medium B (96,5).

In answer to another question,

Coetsee said 2 280 children, of whom

1 880 were black, were held with

their mothers last year.

At December 31, there were 196

babies in custody.

Prison regulations stipulate that a

woman prisoner was allowed to have

her baby with her "during the period

of lactation and for such period as

may be necessary".

A further 2 677 children under 18

years old were being held in prison at

October 15 last year. Of these, 254

were 15 years or younger, Coetsee

said.

84
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

DEPUTY MINISTER ON 'GRAY AREAS'—Cape Town 23 Mar (SAPA)—The possibility

of Woodstock becoming an area where white and colored people would legally

be allowed to live together was dismissed today by the deputy minister of

constitutional development, Mr Piet Badenhorst. He,said the Group Areas

Act did not provide for "Grey" areas. This principle also applied in the

case of areas such as Hillbrow and Mayfair, where contraventions of

the act were being investigated. Mr Badenhorst was commenting on a press

report that Woodstock; could become a "released" area, thus recognizing

its multiracial character following the recent Group Areas Board

investigation. He said today he could not make such a statement while the

board was considering its findings. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

1048 GMT 23 Mar 87 MB] /12624

NP MEMBERS DEFECT—Defections from the National Party continued this weekend

with a walkout by eight leading members in Grabouw in the Cape. They have

promised to support the moderate alliance. Their resignations coincided

with another shock for the NP in Stellenbosch — the rejection of apartheid's

cornerstones by the executive of the university's Juridical Association,

representing 800 law students. The "Grabouw Eight" were all members of the

local NP committee until six recently resigned because of dissatisfaction

with the government's poor reform measures. On Friday they resigned from

the party altogether, aligning themselves with the independents and

promising to support NRP [New Republic Party] leader Mr Bill Sutton in

Caledon against local MP Mr Lampie Fick. The eight are farmers Mr A.J. Erwee,

Mr H. Hall, Mr P. Micklan and Mr J. Jürgens; medical professionals Dr B. Ten

Brink and Dr J.J. Ludwick; lawyer Mr J. R. Ince and businessman Mr J. Loubser.

They said they generally agreed with the independents, but added other

reasons, including: "The government's abuse of the SABC for party political

aims. "The government gives unnecessary status to the ANC by involving it

in the political debate and election campaign. "Our nationalistic aspirations

can best be served through a united South Africa if race does not play a

dominant role in our constitution." [Text] [Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR

in English 22 Mar 87 p 2 MB] /12624

85
TREURNICHT SUPPORTS SOVEREIGN WHITE PARLIAMENT—The leader of the Conservative

Party, Dr Andries Treurnicht, says the NG [Dutch Reformed] Church would have

to review its synod's decision that apartheid is a sin. Speaking at a public

meeting in Kimberley, Dr Treurnicht also said if his party came to power, he

will use the powers of the state president if necessary to safeguard self-^

determination for whites. It could, be done if coloreds and Indians wouldn t

cooperate in scrapping the tricameral parliament. The party believes xn

self-determination for all groups up to the highest level. [Begin Treurnicht

recording] Ladies and gentlemen, it means to have your own local, provxncial

government, no mixed government, and no power sharing. It means to have your

own sovereign parliament, and that is why we reject the tricameral system

at moment in practice in South Africa. We, in the Conservative Party,

we demand that our own House of Assembly should be restored as a sovereign

parliament for the whites of South Africa. We, in the Conservative Party,

say real self-determination means that our people is entitled to have our

own government, our own cabinet, our white cabinet, and no racially mixed

government for the white people of this country, [end recording.] [Text]

[Johannesburg Television Service in English 1800 GMT 21 Mar 87 MB] /12624

CP LEADER ON PACT FAILURE—In Kimberley, the leader of the CP, Dr Andries

Treurnicht, commented.on the latest speculation concerning unity between

the HNP and his party. He said the problem.did not lie with the CP. The

CP had repeatedly invited the HNP to form a single right-wing opposition

party, but the HNP had refused to do so.. Dr Treurnicht. also said that

should the CP come to power, it would use legislation if necessary to

effectively protect whites in the labor market. He said workers from

other states would not have the same rights as white employees in South

Africa. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500. GMT 21 Mar 87

MB] /12624

VILJOEN ON REFERENDUM—Durban, 19 Mar (SAPA)—The minister of education and

development, Dr Gerrit Viljoen, indicated last night that there would be^a

1983-style referendum after the. May 6 house of assembly election. Speakxng

in Hillcrest, near Durban, at a meeting for the National Party candidate

in Greytown, Mr Rudi Redinger, Dr Viljoen said the government was asking

for a mandate to negotiate with black leaders about the political rights

of blacks outside the homelands. "The endorsement of the electorate for

the details will be sought fully as in 1983." Dr Viljoen said the NP had the

status and authority to negotiate on behalf of whites on new structures.

"We will come back (to the electorate) when details of the new constitutxon

have been worked out." He said the NP could not spell out details of

power-sharing structures because this would pre-empt negotiations. [Text]

[Johannesburg SAPA in English 2157 GMT 19 Mar 87 MB] /12624

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86
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC'S NZO CONDEMNS WHITES-ONLY ELECTION

MB241224 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 24 Mar 87

[Text] The secretary general of the African National Congress, ANC of South

Africa, Comrade Alfred Nzo, has strongly condemned the election for whites

only scheduled for May in South Africa. He was addressing a gathering in

Lusaka to mark the United Nations international day for the elimination

of racial discrimination. Comrade Nzo noted that a number of South African

whites have been convinced of the futility of the Botha regime's apartheid

policy. He said whites are approaching the ANC in search of a solution to

the country's problem.

Speaking in the Zambian capital, Lusaka, on the same occasion, Zambia's

minister of state for foreign affairs, Mavis Muyanda, urged the international

community to take effective and practical action against the racist regime.

The Zambian minister of state for foreign affairs said the perpetuation of

the racist policy and the illegal occupation of Namibia by South Africa has

forced Zambia to call for mandatory sanctions against the Pretoria regime.

In a message to mark the occasion, the UN secretary general, Dr Javier Peres

de Cuellar, has called on South Africa to take heed of the appeals from the

international community in the wake of the deteriorating situation in

South Africa.

/8309

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87
SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI CALLS ON WEST TO ACT AS MEDIATOR

MB241904 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1832 GMT 24 Mar 87

[Text] Ulundi, Mar 24, SAPA—Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi today suggested that

Western governments act as mediators to define what kind of state violence

must cease before the ANC was expected to drop its own violence in favour of

negotiation.

They could draw a line between police law-keeping action and police action

which represented "the strong-arm tactics of the National Party," he said in

continuation of his policy*

The chief minister told the assembly he agreed that the South African Government had thrust the present violence on the country by banning the ANC and the

PAC.

"It was repeated acts of state brutality and political intimidation which put

the match to explosive back anger," he said.

"One of the most important roles which Western governments could play is the

role of mediator working to define, the kind of state violence which must cease

before the ANC can be expected to drop violence in favour of negotiation."

He could not see how the country's future could be negotiated if state violence

kept the ANC's Mr Nelson Mandela, the PAC's Mr Zeph Mothopeng and other

political prisoners in jail. That was political violence.

Chief Buthelezi said he was sure that very substantial accord could be reached

among white South Africans about what to accept and reject in the Western

mediation he was suggesting.

As long as members of the international community did not distinguish clearly

between legitimate and non-legitimate state violence they could have no

answer to the ANC's claim that the SA Government must drop violence first.

The chief minister told the assembly that negotiations involved starting with

an existing state of affairs and moving towards a better one.

He could negotiate while the Group Areas and Population Registration Act remained

on the statute books because their removal would be on the agenda. If the ANC

were ever to be drawn into negotiations it would have to adopt the same attitude.

/8309

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SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI CLAIMS BLACKS REALIZING NEED: FOR NEGOTIATION

MB231307 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1306 GMT 23 Mar 87

[Text] Ulundi, March 23, SAPA—the growth of the ANC's internal support in

South Africa was being severely hampered by an increasing black realisation

that there would have to be negotiation with the government, Chief

Mangosuthu Buthelezi said here today.

Another impediment to the organisation was the evidence of implied support

for this negotiating concept from important policy shapers in the Soviet Union,

he told the Kwazulu legislative assembly.

Continuing his policy speech, the chief minister quoted further from a report

to a recent Moscow conference on Soviet-African relations by Mr Gleb Starushenko,

a top analyst with the USSR's Academy of Sciences.

Talking about change in South Africa, Mr Starushenko had spoken about the need

to promote good relations and to eliminate mistrust between the country s

various communities. This was a warning to the ANC that it would have to change

its whole approach.

The Soviet analyst had added: "The new state might also be a unitary system with

autonomous components. The forms and substance of such autonomy should be

defined with due regard for the will of the population revealed, for instance,

in referendum, through negotiations, etc.

"Concrete issues related to the functioning of such a system" Mr Starushenko

had said, "might become the object of a national conference, its main

participants being the government of the Republic of South Africa and the true

representatives of the non-white population."

Chief Buthelezi recalled that Mr Starushenko had—previously in his reportsuggested that rigid models for a future South African parliament should be

avoided and that such body could, for instance, consist of two chambers— one

formed on the basis of proportional representation and the other, possessing _

the right of veto, on the basis of equal representation of the four communities.

89
The chief minister pointed out that these were what he called "shades of the

Kwazulu-natal indaba" and added: "We are actually seeing Soviet endorsement

of approaches which are alien to the ANC."

Mr Starushenko would not be speaking like this were there no prospect of him

being heard in the ANC. The ANC's leadership was being challenged. It had

to be challenged from within, and the top Soviet analyst was throwing his

weight behind the challenge.

"There is a growing perception amongst black South Africans that we must

negotiate and, short of bringing about change through a bloody and violent

revolution, we have to negotiate with the South African Government.

"It is this perception," Chief Buthelezi said, "which hampers the ANC's

endeavors to proselytise amongst other black organisations."

/8309

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90
SOUTH AFRICA

MUNICIPAL GUARDS REPLACE SADF IN DUNCAN VILLAGE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 6-12 Mar 87 p 6

[Article by Louise Flanagan]

[Text ] AFTER one-and-a-half years, South

African troops appear to1 have

withdrawn from Duncan Village.

But the township's municipal guards

now seem to be filling the gap.

The SA Defence Force first moved

into the township in August 1985, and

set up two permanent army

roadblocks controlling access at either

end.

Those roadblocks have now

disappeared.

At the same time, reports of assaults

by municipal guards have escalated

dramatically. Residents have spoken

of an unofficial curfew in a new area

set aside for "community officials" —

councillors and their guards.

The Weekly Mail heard this week

how people had been assaulted by the

guards — nicknamed "Greenflies"

because of their green uniforms —

because they were "breaking the

curfew".

Elliot Zondani, 26, said he had been

stopped by the guards while on his

way to watch television.

'They asked me what I was doing in

the street, and started hitting me with

batons and a cane," Zondani said.

'Then they told me to run, because

they wanted to shoot me."

The Greenflies have also been

accused of assaulting a schizophrenic

woman who is undergoing medical

treatment.

A relief worker supported the

allegations, saying she too had been

chased away from the area by the

guards.

A doctor in the area said he had seen

about 40 people who had been

assaulted by the South African and

Ciskei security forces — who include

the Greenflies — over the past four

months.

He said there have been two main

patterns of assault — those.on people

defined by the security forces as

"comrades", and assaults in the course

of security forces dispensing their

own justice.

He said the assaulted people ranged

in age from 14 to 59 and included a

mentally ill person. The most

common injuries were bruises and

lacerations from whips and sjamboks.

The commander of the Duncan

Village guards, Warrant-Officer W

Wolmarans, said he had not heard of a

curfew in the area or of any assaults.

"I have seen nothing ofthat nature,"

he said. "As far as I'm concerned, that

should not happen."

He said he had received no complaints about people being assaulted.

No official comment could be

obtained on the withdrawal of troops.

/13104

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91
SOUTH AFRICA

UMSA CHALLENGES UCASA FOR DOMINANCE OF BLACK TOWNSHIP COUNCILLORS

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 6-12 Mar 87 p 11

[Article by Patrick Laurence]

[Text]

A RIFT has opened'in the ranks of

South Africa's controversial black

town councillors which could

complicate the government's task of

finding black leaders willing to

participate in its "new deal."

Until less than a week ago most of

the 240 black local authorities were

represented by the governmentrecognised Urban Councils

Association of South Africa (Ucasa).

But Ucasa's dominance is now being

challenged by the break-away United

Municipalities of.SA (Umsa).

Led by veteran councillor Steve

Kgame, Ucasä is in favour of

participating in \he national statutory

council proposed by President PW

Botha.

"If we can use it as a lever of

change, we will participate," Kgame

said.

Botha's proposal has either been

rejected totally or given only qualified

acceptance by most black leaders.

Ücasa is already represented on a

statutory council operating at local

government level. That council was

set up to help the Ministry of

Constitutional Affairs re-model local

government in the same way Botha

and the Minister of Constitutional.

Affaris, Chris Heunis, plan to

restructure government at national

level to provide for black

participation.

Umsa is more critical than Ucasa. It

is opposed to unqualified participation

in the envisaged national council, the

draft bill of which provides specially

for black urban representation.

Umsa president Tom Boya said:

"We will not participate in the

national council. If Botha wants it to

succeed, he must unban the African

National Congress and the PanAfricanist Congress, he must release

Nelson Mandela and Zeph Mopotheng

(president of the PAC) and do away

with all discriminary laws. He must do

so to show his bonafides."

If Umsa eclipses Ucasa as the

premier organisational voice of the

councillors, Heunis may find still

himself dealing with men without a

mandate — even from their own

limited constituencies. Most black

councils were elected on low polls in

1983, with the majority of voters

heeding calls to boycott the elections

from the United Democratic Front

and the Azanian People's

Organisation. In Soweto, the poll was

barely 10 percent.

Kgame, a tough politician who is

recovering from bullet wounds after

being shot in January, denied the tide

has turned against Ucasa.

"We haven't had any resignations

yet," he said. "We still represent all

the main councils, except the Soweto

Council which neverjoined us."

Boya said: "Our launch last weekend

was attended by 26 councils." They

include the Soweto Council, biggest in

the country. Having remained aloof

from Ucasa, it has decided to throw in

its lot with Umsa. The 26 councils

92
include most councils on the East and

West Rand.

At its founding conference, Umsa

declared itself in favour of the1

election of municipalities on a nonracial basis, a concept which cuts

across government policy of separate

local authorities with limited cooperation in "regional service

councils" for the provision of essential

services like sewerage, electricity'and'

water.

Whatever the outcome of the

struggle for power between Ucasa and

Umsa — which seems, in part, to be a

personal contest between Kgame and

Boya, a former vice-president of

Ucasa — it is unlikely to make life

easy for Heunis.

The parlous state of black local

government is reflected in

information collated by Margie

Keeton of the Urban Foundation's

urbanisation unit.

• Barry Erasmus, the man

appointed to administer KwaNobuhle

in the Eastern Cape following the

collapse of its town council, is still

there more than 18 months later,

although he was initially appointed

for six months only.

•His counterpart in Alexandra is

similarly still running the town nearly

a year after the disintegration of the

Alexandra Council.

• About 40 percent of the

community councils in the Eastern

Cape literally fell to pieces a year ago

in the face of en masse resignations.

Another 20 percent could not muster

the required quorums to function

legally. There is little evidence that

the situation has improved since then.

•Between March 1985 and March

1986,216 councillors resigned. Of the

216 vacancies, only 48 were filled. Of

those, 36 were filled by men who

were elected unopposed, indicating a

deep antipathy towards the idea of

holding office in government-created

councils.

Compounding the problem is the

widespread belief that many

councillors are corrupt and that their

tenacious clinging to office is

prompted by greed rather than

political principle. The belief is

fuelled by pending charges of

corruption against several councillors

— including Kgame, who is alleged to

have accepted nearly R4 000 in bribes

as well as cases ofwhisky and brandy.

Popular suspicion that the

councillors have grown rich on graft

is reinforced by the report of

Professor Tjaart van der Walt, who

headed a one-man inquiry into the

1984 uprising in the Vaal Triangle. "I

received very many complaints about

the quality of the councillors," he

wrote. "Some of the most important

complaints were that many of them

were corrupt and self-interested." He

recommended a full-scale

investigation into the personal

finances ofthe councils.

It was not acted on by the

government.

/9-317

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SOUTH AFRICA

SARHWU LEADERS PRAISE UNION IN INTERVIEW

Cape Town GRASSROOTS in English Feb 87 p 7

[Text]

MZINKHULU Mpawusi

is the national vicepresident of SARHWU.

He started working in

SATS in 1983. His

family is in Beaufort

West, but he works in

Cape Town,and lives in

the SATS hostel.

As a labourer, he;

earns R302 per month.:

CORDON Cube is

the Chairperson of the

Cape Town Region of

SARHWU. He joined

SATS in 1956, as a

driver. He lives in

Khayelitsha,and spends

4 hours each day

getting to and from

work. After 30 years

with SATS, he is only

earning R527 per

month. He has 8

children, and finds that

his wage is not nearly

enough to feed them

all.

GRASSROOTS spoke

to Mzinkhulu Mpawusi

and Gordon Cube

about SARWHU (South

African Railways and

Harbours Union.)

GRASSROOTS: Why

did you join SARWHU?

CUBE & MPAWUSI:

The workers at SATS

have many problems.

The supervisors treat us

very badly, the working

conditions are very

dangerous, and our

wages are very low.

We have this

organisation called the

Staff Association, but

this does nothing for

us. Then we heard

about this union

SARWHU that was

'fighting for the rights

of workers, and we decided we must join.

GR: COULD YOU

TELL US MORE

ABOUT THE STAFF

ASSOCIATION?

C & M: The Staff Association is supposed to

help the workers. But it

does nothing. It is not

controlled by the

workers, but by the

bosses.

Mr Cube was a Shop

Steward for the Staff

Association, because he

wanted to fight for the

workers. But the Staff

Association is too

scared to fight. The

Chairperson and Secretary are elected by the

bosses, and they just

do what they want

without consulting the

shop stewards.

We have to pay

rho'nev to the Staff

Association, but we

never see what they do

with this money.

The Staff Association tries to divide the

workers. They separate

Coloured and African

workers. But we are all

workers with the same

problems and we need

to stand together.

GR: IS SARWHU CONTROLLED BY THE

WORKERS?

C & M: Yes, SARHWU

is a workers' union. The

workers make all the

decisions — what our

demands are, how we

must fight for our demands. Then the workers elect the Shop Stewards, and the other

officials to take their

demands to general

meetings. In this way,

we work together with

all SATS workers.

The workers also

decide on the activities

of the union, how the

money is used and so

on.

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94
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO CITY COUNCILLORS LIVE UNDER STRICT SECURITY

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 8 Mar 87 p 5

[Article by Duncan Guy]

[Text]

RED-ROOFED houses are neatly arranged adjacent to one another below a rocky, wooded

koppie just outside Soweto.

Around them is bare veld — cut

by a thin silver line that glistens

in the sun.

That line is a heavy security

fence dividing Power Park — the

new "fortified bunker" for some 36

Soweto councillors and policemen

threatened by unrest — and the

sprawling township it overlooks.

The entrance gates are far enough

from the houses to reduce the chances

of any would-be petrol-bomber reaching his target.

The idea is to keep councillors and

policemen safe in their homes.

Guards armed with shotguns and

dressed neatly in the green and khaki

uniforms of the Soweto City Council's

security force, man the gates.

Then there's about 75 m of tarmac to

drive across before the first house.

Most of the houses were this week

bare and obviously empty.

Lawns once neatly maintained by the

families of township managers who had

lived there before the Soweto City

Council bought the suburb from its

Johannesburg counterpart for R4,8 million — creating enormous scandal at a

council meeting in Johannesburg — are

mostly overgrown.

Fading paintwork on "white" bus

stop signs show that bus number 22

visited Power Park.

This week the most frequent pedestrians in those roads were the threeman patrols of the Soweto security

forces who were never out of sight.

Some houses showed signs of fresh

occupation — curtains in the windows

— but the gardens were still unkempt.

At one house labourers

were unloading furniture

from a lorry — and at

another a gang of women

were giving finishing touches to an overgrown

garden.

"The house is for a

councillor," said their

foreman who added that

they were all employed

by the Soweto City Council.

One new tenant who

. spoke to The Sunday Star,

but declined to give his

name, said he was a po-

. liceman.

"I could not carry on

1

living in Soweto," he said.

"The children have

kicked us out. They

threatened to burn my

wife."

He said he did not

know how permanent his

. new home would be.

1 "But ät least it is shelter."

The houses are all built

of red brick. None has a

very large stand; the

95
swimming pools and ornate gates one may expect to see at the homes

of people holding high positions are so far comple-

:

tely out of the scene.

One councillor's gardener, Mr Boni Djaka,

was watering flowers

growing next to a freshly

cut lawn.

His boss emerged from

the house, a pistol at his

waist, demanding to

know what was going on.

The councillor, who did

not give his name, said he

was keeping his house in

Orlando West but was

evasive about whether he

would continue to live

there or in Power Park.

Management Committee chairman for the

Soweto City Council, Mr

Letsatsi Radebe, told The i

Sunday Star it was still .

being decided who would

live in Power Park.

He added, however,

that the council was aiming to have its white

members live there too.

But he would not give details.

"Our other plan is to

develop adequate recreation facilities," he

added.

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96
SOUTH AFRICA

ATTORNEY'S FUND HELPS WOULD-BE BLACK LAWYERS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 10 Mar 87 p 2

[Article by Mick Collins]

[Text 1 THE attorneys' profession has

awarded 69 bursaries worth more

than R300000 for post-graduate

study in law as part of its drive for

more black lawyers.

Attorneys' Fidelity Fund chairman Eric Liefeldt said at the weekend that since the bursary scheme

was started in 1973, the fund had'

helped 480 students — 120 of them

black.

"This has cost us more than Rim

but we have given it gladly to help

foster legal education. The profession is also keenly aware of the

many difficulties facing black students and of the vital necessity to

turn out more trained black lawyers. Bursaries are therefore

granted to black students who wish

to complete LLB degrees. Other

bursaries are granted only for postgraduate study."

The top honour is the prestige

Attorneys' Scholar Award worth

R40 000, won this year by Pretoria

law student Johann Scholtz.

Liefeldt also announced the

profession is to give R55 000 to

every university in SA conducting

an approved legal aid clinic.

He" added: "The grants will certainly contribute to making the law

more accessible to those who can't

afford it."

/13104

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97
SOUTH AFRICA

MARCHERS PROTEST SOWETO RENT EVICTIONS

MB250654 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0016 GMT 25 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, March 24, SAPA—-The Soweto Council, facing a loss of

millions of rands from unpaid rents by thousands of Soweto residents rent

boycott since last June, is using court orders to evict defaulters, the director

of land and housing in the township, Mrs Estella Bester, said today.

The council moved on defaulters last night in the large Jabulani flat complex,

and about 450 residents of the area marched on the council offices early today

in protest against the action, claiming no one had received legal notice of

eviction.

Mrs Bester insisted, however, that anyone not paying rent was—or would be—

served with court orders evicting them from their residences. The orders

were entirely legal and binding, she said.

The marchers, who walked from Jabulani at 7 am, stopped at the council gates

and eventually spoke to Mrs Bester and Mr Nico Malan, Sowetan town clerk.

It was agreed the marchers could appoint a committee of five men and five women

to liaise with the council over the evictions.

It was also agreed no information about the negotiations would be released until

the conflicts had been resolved.

After the meeting, Mrs Bester told a SAPA correspondent: "The council feels

sympathy for personal problems and people affected should consult with the

director or any of his staff."

So far, most of the "legal" evictions have been confined to Jabulani flats,

a large complex housing hundreds of families, but Mrs Bester said The

evictions that have taken place and will be taking place in various parts of

Soweto, are executed by a messenger of the court and not by councxl officials.

This is an entirely legal operation."

/8309

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98
SOUTH AFRICA

UNEMPLOYMENT, MALNUTRITION WIDESPREAD IN LEBOWA VILLAGES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Feb 87 p 11

[Article by Susan Pleming]

[Text]

tyken The Star visited Mr Elias

Banda in Lebowa last week

with Operation Hunger, he was

sitting outside his one-room

home. His face was drawn and

his body painfully thin from

lack of food. He was wearing

his only shirt, which gaped at

the back from a large tear, and

a pair of old shorts.

Asked if he had any other

clothes, Mr Banda said he had

a pair of trousers which he

wore during winter.

He lives in a tiny room with

seven other people. There are

no beds or blankets and the

roof has collapsed, leaving

everyone exposed to the weather..

Mr Banda is one of about

7 000 people living in the destitute village of Hlakano Sekhweng in Lebowä and is included in the 80 percent unemployment figure in that village.

RETRENCHED |

' Sister Rose Madisha, who

runs a' clinic in the area, said

there had been a large influx of

farm labourers since 1983 when

farmers retrenched many

workers because of the

drought.

"The malnutrition in this,

area is very bad and about

,80 percent of the children suffer from malnutrition and pelagra," said Sister Madisha,

who has worked in the area for

15 years. > '

The director of Operation

Hunger, Mrs Ina Perlman, said

Hlakano Sekhweng was one of

the worst areas she had seen In

many years. The village was

indicative of what was happening in many of the homelands.

"The. people In this village

have been discarded — they

are. displaced. This problem of

displaced people crops up in all

the homelands. During the

drought we became increasingly aware of the steady stream

of people being pushed off the

farms into the homelands."

In 1983, said Mrs Perlman,

the maize: industry laid off

250000 men, many of whom returned to the homelands.

"These were the people employed at the lowest rung of

the working ladder. Once their

jobs had been phased out, the

likelihood of employment became slight."

Mr Banda arrived in South

Africa from Malawi "many

years ago". He found employment on the mines, but had to

leave after he became sick. He

then worked at a farm near Zebedelia where he earned R5Ö a

; month. He was told to leave the

farm in 1983 because of illhealth.

Mr Banda then moved to

Hlakano Sekhweng. His wife

worked on an orange farm, but

brought in little money.

99
One of the worst cases visited by The Star was a family

' which consisted of a blind

mother, blind son and a deaf

daughter, who had four children. The children of the deaf

daughter had kwashiorkor and

their bellies were swollen from

lack of food.

The blind mother and leader

of the family said nine people

lived in her two-room house.

She had worked on a farm until

1982, but had still not received

her pension.

Mrs Perlman said there was

a terrible backlog in pensions

in many of the homelands.

"It can take up to four years

before an. elderly person receives the pension in the homelands. For example, the Carnegie study showed that in kwaZulu 12000 people were waiting for their pensions. In Lebowa some people have been

waiting for years.

"It seems immoral that people should spend all their working lives in South Africa and

not be entitled to a pension at

the nearest source of their

work," she said.

In another household, Mrs

Letta Lettalo (79) said she had

to leave a farm in Naboomspruit with her family in 1978

when her husband died. Her

husband had worked on the

farm from the age of about 16.

"After my husband died we

were chased away from the

farm. My husband was earning

R50 to support 14 people and so

we had no money when we got

to this village."

BREWED BEER

Mrs Lettalo's daughter

worked on a farm close by and

earned R60 a week.

"She brings all her money

home. We spend R41 on a bag

of mealie-meal a month, buy

washing powder and then my

daughter uses the rest for travelling to the farm."

Some villagers survived by

doing odd jobs and others had

to take part in illegal activities. One woman said she

brewed beer which brought in

about R60 a month. Her children were not at school because she could not afford the

uniform.

, Mrs Perlman said: "This village is one of the worst that I

have seen in many years. I

have suggested that, for starters, we set up a massive child

feeding scheme."

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100
SOUTH AFRICA

COCA COLA SHARES MADE AVAILABLE TO BLACK RETAILERS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 6 Mar 87 p 1

[Article by Patrick Bulger]

[ Text J IN an unprecedented share deal in SA,

black retailers will be given an opportunity to buy RlOm worth of

shares in Coca Cola bottlers Amalgamated Beverage Industries (ABI).

Final details of the deal have yet to be

agreed to but up to 8 000 small retailers on the haef, Pretoria and Durban

stand to gain from the deal announced by ABI chairman Petfr

Lloyd yesterday. |

At the same time, SA Breweries is

exercising its pre-emptive rights in

acquiring another 15% of ABI equity

bringing its total to 70%, while mil- .

nority shareholder Cadbufly

Schweppes will acquire another i%

taking its total to 19%. \

Another Rim worth of shares will be

sold to ABI's 3 500 employees. |

The deal completes Coca Cola's pullottt

of SA announced late last year when

a new company, National Beverage

,. Services, was formed to accommodate a management buyout.

Lloyd said the offer to retailers would

■■ allow "many small businessmen who

\ may never have had the chance to

obtain shares in a company, to own a

fiart of the company whose products

hey sell actively.

"Nothing on this scale has been tried in

this country before."

Fred Meyer, the former head of Coke's

SA operations, said this was "in line

with our company's stated intention,

as far as possible, to.use its former

investments in SA to create multira-

- cial participation in the SA soft

drink industry".

/13104

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101
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

MAY HOLIDAY DECLARATION—Johannesburg March 25 SAPA—The United Workers

Union of South Africa [UWUSA] has welcomed, with reservation, the declaration

by the state president of the first Friday of May as a public holiday, SABC

radio news reports. Mr P.W. Botha "had done a good thing very badly" by

declaring the first Friday rather than May 1 as holiday said Mr Simon Conco,

secretary general of UWUSA. He said the move would cause unnecessary

conflict between workers and employers and suggested the two parties negotiate

to swap the days so that workers could observe May Day. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1254 GMT 25 Mar 87] /8309

FORMER ANC MEMBERS RELEASED—Johannesburg Mar 26 SAPA—Five ex-members of the

ANC were released yesterday after 18 years in jail. They are Silas Motsepe

Mogotsi, 46, of Soweto, Lennox Dlamini, 52, of Bulwer, Matthews Ngcobo,

49, of Kwamashu, Patrick Mathanjana, 45, of Langa and Lawrence Phokandka

of Pretoria. All except Mr Phokanoka were released from Robben Island. He

had been transferred to Diepkloof prison. The five and seven others were

convicted by the supreme court in Pietermartizburg on March 26, 1969, under

the Terrorism Act for conspiring to use violence to overthrow the government.

Mr Mogotsi said the sentences ranged from five to 20 years and Amos Lengise

of Transkei was still in jail. Of those released only Mr Dlamini is married.

He has three children. Mr Mogotsi said: "Our morale is very high but it is

too early to talk about our plans." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

1033 GMT 26 Mar 87] /83Ö9

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102
SOUTH AFRICA

PIP'S ANDREW FORESEES SHIFT AWAY FROM NP

MB201641 Johannesbürg THE CITIZEN in English 20 Mar 87 p 10

[Text] Cape Town—There would be a large swing away from the National

Party on May 6, setting the stage for an end to apartheid, Mr Ken Andrew,

chairman of the,federal executive of the Progressive Federal Party, said

last night.

Opening his campaign in his Gardens constituency, Mr Andrew said that with

too much to go before the election there were dramatic signs of drift

from the National Party.

"Enormous support is building for an alternative government through an

alliance of moderate South Africans who want an apartheid-free South

Africa," said Mr Andrew.

Prior to the 1981 general election, the PFP had 17.5 percent of popular

support as compared with 51.7 percent for the NP.

National Party support had now dropped below 50 percent in opinion polls

and combined support for candidates promoting real reform — the PFP,

New Republic Party and Independents— amounted to 26 percent.

"There is little doubt we are seeing the end of an era as the NP breaks

up, to make way for an alliance of moderate South Africans who will rid

this country of apartheid, and set about the urgent business of

negotiating a truly democratic constitution for our country.

"The NP lacks the desire, the intention and the ability to rid South Africa

of apartheid.

"It may be prepared to tinker with apartheid, but this will not provide

peace and security for South Africa, and will continue to plunge us

into one crisis after another," said Mr Andrews.

/12624

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103
SOUTH AFRICA

PEP MP SAYS GOVERNMENT 'INSANE' ON GROUP AREAS ACT

MB221749 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1714 GMT 22 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 22 Mar (SAPA)—Mr Alf Widman, PFP MP for Hillbrow,

said today he was totally opposed, to the government's "outrageous and

draconian" approach to the Group Areas Act. "I am totally opposed to

the Nationalist government's two-pronged approach on the Group Areas Act

announced by Deputy Minister Piet Badenhorst, (deputy minister of constitutional development and planning). Faced by criticism from angry voters,

the Nats are now paying the price for their ambivalence in allowing grey

areas to develop."

"As a consequence of their non-enforcement of the act, they find themselves

in a dilemma from which they are trying to extricate themselves by

what I submit are rash and hasty steps. By using Section 19 to proclaim

Hillbrow and Mayfair as open areas they are legalizing the illegal grey

areas as all race groups will then be able to let, sell and purchase

flats and housing as of right. "By then using Section 41 in other areas

not covered by Section 19, owners of accommodation will then be given

three months notice to get rid of non-white tenants, failing which the

penalty is that their property will be confiscated. This is draconian

and outrageous."

This step would affect many areas proclaimed white, Mr Widman said.

"Particular hardship will be found in areas such as Jeppe and the

CBD [Central Business District] and Jourbert Park in Johannesburg, Salt River,

Landsdowne and Wynberg in the. Cape, Clarewood and Greyville in Durban,

North End and Korsten in Port Elizabeth.

"There is a dire shortage of accommodation for non-whites in South Africa

in all areas. If the government were to scrap the Group Areas Act, as

the PFP proposes and many others upport, everyone will be able to live where

they can afford in any part of the country. There will be no overcrowding,

especially in densely populated high rise areas such as Hillbrow, which

has 128.5 persons per hectare. The quality of life could then be

maintained according to acceptable standards. If the Nationalists implement

this measure, the character and life of Hillbrow as a mini-metropolis

with a vibrant and pulsating high life would disappear within a few years.

"This move is insane," Mr Widman concluded.

/12624

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104
SOUTH AFRICA

SABC PLEDGES TO HONOR CULTURAL OBLIGATIONS

MB230541 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 23 Mar 87

[Station Commentary]

[Text] The SABC has no intention of abandoning or in any way even

diluting that cardinal component of its mandate, its language and cultural

obligations in respect of the multicultural society it serves. That

has been made clear in a statement by the director general, Mr Riaan

Eksteen, announcing various new initiatives in the national radio

services — Radio South Africa, Radio Suid-Africa, Radio Allegro and

Radio Orion. They include, apart from programing measures, SABC

involvement in community cultural projects.

The corporations standpoint was explicitly reaffirmed by Mr Eksteen.

The SABC confirms unequivocally once again, he said in his statement,

that it is committed to and wishes to remain continuously engaged in the

enhancement and dissemination, through its national radio services, of the

language and culture of its listeners, including minority audiences.

There is sometimes, in quarters in which concern is expressed about

this aspect of the SABC's role, confusion about the purpose of certain

relatively recent innovations. This relates especially to the question

of advertisements on the national radio services, linked with the need

for the SABC to operate on an economically viable basis. In fact, in

respect of these services— and in particular the English and Afrikaans

services — there has never been and is not now a requirement that they

should cover their costs. The special cultural obligations which have

been imposed on them, and which of necessity entail the production of

a fairly high proportion of minority interest programs, are a more

important consideration. Advertising has turned them not into

commercialized services but into cultural services which carry advertisements.

It is understandable that the sensitivity about these matters is greatest

in the Afrikaans community, small and wholly indigenous as it is. It is,

therefore, of interest to note that the four categories that could

be described as specifically cultural in the purist sense — serious music,

dramas and feature programs, literature and art, and discussion programs —

take up more than 30 percent of Radio Suid-Afrika1s broadcasting time.

105
If Afrikaans light music is included the figure rises to 50 percent,

and with religious programs included it reaches nearly 60 percent.

What is more, these figures have remained virtually unchanged for the

past 3 years. The proportions for the constituent categories may differ

for Radio South Africa, but the overall picture is much the same.

The SABC's commitment to upholding the lanugage and cultural life of

South Africa's diverse communities is reflected in its involvement in

a continuous process of reevaluation to take cognizance, of a changing

environment. Audience feedback through market research is a major input in

the process. The programing decisions announced last week, for example,

were partly the result of a year of monitoring official listenership

figures and more specialized research projects. Crucial to the process

are the regular high-rlevel, discussions held with community leaders —

individuals and groups — from cultural bodies, churches, service

organizations and the academic and business sectors. These focus on

fundamental goals and strategies and the nature, content and quality of

programs. Finally the numerous letters received from listeners are an

important input in the evaluation.

The SABC's cultural obligations are inherent in the definition of its

role and responsibilities in South Africa's diverse society. There

should be no doubts about the determination to honor those obligations.

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106
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY CLAIMS BLACKS REJECT ANC VIOLENCE

MB230813 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 23 Mar 87

[Text] South Africa is a country with dozens of political parties and

political groups both within parliament and outside it. They have diverse

policies and philosophies, but there are two main streams in the current

political debate: those who believe in a negotiated solution to the

country's problems and those who want to overthrow the status quo through

violence and revolution. Abroad, the leading advocate of violence is

the African National Congress. The spotlight has been placed on the ANC

by Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, political leader of South Africa's largest

nation and head of the country's biggest black party. Chief Buthelezi

states that there is growing revulsion among black South Africans at

the black-on-black violence that includes the horrendous necklace murders

that carry the approval of the ANC.

Disillusionment with the ANC's strategy of violence and the rejection of

violence within South Africa has even been seen in Moscow, from where

the ANC derives most of its financial and moral support. The Soviet Union's

concern at ANC tactics has been documented by a top observer, Mr (Gleb

Saryuchenko).

Simply put, the problem is that the ANC, whose top leadership has been

in exile outside South Africa for 20 years and more, is out of touch with

current conditions and thinking in South Africa. Its policy of violence and

revolution is categorically rejected by the majority of black South Africans.

For example, THE CITIZEN newspaper has reported on a nationwide scientific

survey that showed that 57 percent of black South Africans want a

negotiated solution to the country's problems and 86 percent reject any

policy that will lead to domination of one population group over others.

It is clear that if the African National Congress wants to be a factor

in today's South Africa, it will need to abandon violence and, as it has

been repeatedly invited to do by the South African Government, join the

democratic process of negotiation — the process of Indaba.

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107
SOUTH AFRICA

SUCCESS OF NON-RACIAL PRIVATE SCHOOLS NOTED

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 23 Feb 87 p 11

[Article by Dennis Cruywagen]

[Text]

JUST over a decade has

passed since Springfield

Convent took the plunge

and became the first private

school in the Pensin^ula to

throw open its doors to pupils

of all races.

Since those first pioneering

steps a quiet revolution has

started and the number of

non-white pupils — blacks if

you like — at private schools

in the city is increasing

rapidly.

The mixing of the different

races has been so successful

that schools taking part in the

survey stressed they did not

divide their pupils into different race groups.

Principals said pupils

mixed freely at school, many

socialised outside school

hours, and not one of their pupils suffered the humiliation

as recently experienced by

black Natal athlete Nkululeko

Skweyiya when he was

banned from a schools' athletics meeting at Menlo Park

High School in Pretoria.

Mr Ron Taylor, principal of

St Joseph's, said his school

had gone from "strength to

strength" since it began admitting pupils of all races in

1976.

No racial

incidents

"It works incredibly well. I

have been at the school since

1983 and we have had no racial incidents," he said.

He compared being.at St

Joseph's — pupil or a member of the staff — with being

in another country where

there was no racial

discrimination.

"You feel funny when you

leave school because you

walk straight into apartheid.

It's like returning to South Africa from abroad. Our pupils

have become firm friends,

and they mix after school.

Parents also socialise often.

The venture has turned out to

be an educational experience

for all concerned."

Mr Taylor said the opening

of the school had dispelled

unfounded rumours that nonwhites were not as intelligent

and intellectual as whites.

He said 45 percent of the

pupils at St Joseph's were not

white.

Critics of private schools

argue that they only cater for

the cream of the black community. Not so at St Joseph's.

Children from

all social classes

"As a Catholic school our

reason for being is that children from all social classes

should mix."

Sport at St Joseph's is compulsory. "We have not had an

incident like that which occurred at Menlo Park. Our

sportsmen are accepted

wherever they go."

St George's Grammar

School, the first non-Catholic

school opting to join the

"open" crowd, is colour blind,

said principal, Mr P Cannon.

About 42 percent of pupils

— from pre-school to matric

— at St George's are nonwhites.

The school first accepted

non-white pupils 1977. The

presence of these pupils has

not caused the school's standards to slump.

Mr Cannon said assimilation had been first class at St

George's.

Sport is an important facet

of school life at St George's.

He said it was natural that

pupils should socialise. "They

visit each other socially. We

have a very vital and enthusiastic Parent Teachers' Association. Tl/dy work well

together."

Herschel School in Clareiriont does not have a policy

of discrimination, according

to principal Mrs P J Duff.

"It is irrelevant. They are

girls who have a stake in the

future of South Africa," she

said.

Race, religion or political

beliefs are not considered

when pupils apply for admis108
ston to the school. "Our only!

admission policy is that they

pass our entrance

examinations."

The Diocesan^ College —

open to pupils from preschool to matric — is pleased

at the way things have

worked out since the school

took the plunge in 1976, said

the principal, Mr John Peake.

He said about 30 percent of

his pupils were non-whites.

"We have had no racial incidents and other schools

have never refused to meet

us on the sportfields because

we have non-whites in our,

teams."

He did not believe in relating a pupil's academic progress with his race. "One does

not look at marks on these

terms."

Open schools are not without their critics. Recently Dr

Alex Boraine, co-director of

the Institute for Democratic

Alternatives in South Africa,

said they only catered for the

cream of the community.

Only wealthy blacks could

afford to enrol their children

at private schools, he said.

Open schools would remain

a myth while society was divided into different groups by

the Population Registration

Act. The abolition of this law,

one of the cornerstones of

apartheid, would open society

and schools, Dr Boraine said.

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109
SOUTH AFRICA

MIXED SCHOOLS SEEN TO BE WORKING WELL IN NATAL

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 23 Feb 87 p 11

[Text]

ABOUT 10 percent of the

enrolment at Natal's private schools is made up of

blacks, according to a recent

survey.

Topping this particular poll

is St John's Diocesan School

for Girls in Maritzburg,

where 14 percent of the 306

scholars are black.

The word from the schools

interviewed is that in every

instance the black boys or

girls assimilate well.

Hilton headmaster, Mr

Paul Marsh, summed it up

when he said: "Once boys

come through our gates here,

they become Hiltonians".

Today, seven percent of

Hilton's 475 pupils are black.

Mr Marsh describes them

as "hand-picked, bright boys,

nearly all of whom are sponsored. We think it is marvellous".

Hilton also takes in black

teenagers, as other schools

do, who can pay the fees.

Three Standard Six boys were

admitted this year, all of

them on bursaries.

Michaelhouse's Mr John

Cluke has 47 blacks attending

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his school at Balgowan, near

Mooi River.

Michaelhoiise welcomed its

first black students in 1979,

and already, says Mr Cluke,

"we have had a few of them

as prefects and they win first

team places at cricket and

rugby/'

Again, scholarships and

sponsorships are the vogue —

the fees at Michaelhouse

aren't "chicken feed".

Most of the boys arrive at

the school in the Standard Six

class, the most junior provided at Michaelhouse, and go

through to matriculate or remain for the post-matric

year.

In that time, says Mr

Cluke, "they are turned out

Michaelhouse men".

At Kearsney College, midway between Durban and

Maritzburg at Botha's Hill,

best known of 26 blacks in a

schoolboy population of 516, is

Nkululeko "Squeegee"

Skweyiya — the boy that Pretoria's Menlo Park High

School refused to accept at an

inter-schools athletics meeting.

Headmaster Mr Colin Silcock describes Skweyiya and

the others as "boys who have

assimilated well", although

none of the other black students have approached the

sporting standards of "Squeegee", chosen last year to play

'on the wing for Natal Schools

in Craven Week at Graaffi Reinet.

At fashionable Kloof, on the

heights above Pinetown, there

, is still jubilation at St. Mary's

Diocesan school for girls at

last year's matriculation of

the school's black pupil.

Now the school is waiting

with expectant hope for news

that she has been granted admission as a bursary student

to the renowned Smith College for Women in the USA.

The word from Kloof echoes that from other educational institutions in this

province — "they are assimilating well". St Mary's has an

enrolment of 531, six percent

of them black.

Other girls schools which

have opened doors to blacks

in Natal include St Anne's

and St John's in Maritzburg,

as well as Durban Girls' College. — Sapa.

110
FUTURE OF UNIVERSITIES LIES IN PROFITS FROM RESEARCH

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 8 Mar 87 p 9

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Alan Duggan]

[Text] THE economic survival of

South Africa's universities

— already pressed for

cash — may soon depend

on the practical application of their skills and research.

A recent study by the Committee for Industrially Related Research at the University of Cape Town

(UCT) reveals that the efforts of research workers

could lead to profitable results.

Now the university is completing plans for a com-;

pany wnich has as its,'

prime objective the promotion of industrially related research.

The first project is already

. being reviewed with the

intention of returning.

; some of its profits to the ,

university. Other projects 1

will follow, says a spokesman for the university.

Endeavour

UCT intends that the new

i company will provide a

j mechanism for publicis-

< ing the potential of the

university's research

workers in relation to the

development of research

ideas in industry.

Professor Donald Carr, deputy vice-chancellor in

charge of research, writes

in the latest issue of UCT

News:

"Quite apart from this, however, there is the need to

build up a closer association between the university and industry and to develop research contracts,

whether applied or fundamental, which will lead to

greater research endeavours at UCT."

'In another important step,

the university has approved in principle the establishment of a joint

operation — to be called

Campus Industries — with

the Peninsula Technikon.

They have six major objectives, including the provision of practical training

opportunities for trainee

technicians and engineers,

and the design, development and manufacture of

laboratory and scientific

equipment which is a't piesent imported.

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111
SOUTH AFRICA

SABC REMOVES DISSENTING ACADEMIC FROM BOARD

MB191645 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1636 GMT 19 Mar 87

[Text] Cape Town, 19 Mar (SAPA)—Prof Sampie Terreblanche, the

Stellenbosch University academic who resigned from the National Party

to back the independent candidate in Helderberg, Dr Denis Worrail, has

been dropped as a member of the SABC's board.

In a statement in Cape Town, in which he named the board members who would

hold a three-year term of office from April 1, the minister responsible

for the SABC, Mr Alwyn Schlebusch, said the government had "adopted an

important norm that members of board should not be visible active in

the political field."

Mr Schlebusch, minister in the state president's office entrusted

with administration and broadcasting services, said the government had

again looked at the composition of the board in view of the fact the

present term of office, with the exception of. the chairman, Dr Brand

Fourie, expired on March 31. "In considering the matter the proven

expertise of people and their representation of specific interest

groups were taken into account. In this regard, particular attention

was paid to ensure that justice is done to financial, technical, and

management expertise, general cultural interests and the performing arts.

Furthermore, an important, norm was adopted that members of the SABC board

should not be visibly active in the political field."

Dr Fourie had been appointed chairman for a four-year term of office

on July 1, 1985.

The following people have been appointed members of the board from April 1;

Prof H.C. Viljoen (vice chairman), Mrs M.S. Ackerman (Miss Miml Coertse),

Mr L. Gordon Hughes, Dr. R.N. Gugushe, Dr R. Hemraj, Dr. V.E. Hesse,

Mr C.K. Hickling, Mr P.W. Jacobs, Mr. N.W. Nossel, Dr H. Van der Merwe

Scholt, Mr H. J. (Henkie) Swartz, Mr H.A. Sloet, Mr J. H. Taylor,

and Maj-gen J.A. van Zyl.

/12624

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112
SOUTH AFRICA

STELLENBOSCH LAW STUDENTS REJECT GROUP AREAS

MB201100 Johannesburg SAPA in ENglish 1044 GMT 20 Mar 87

[Text] Cape Town, 20 Mar (SAPA)--In a new political bombshell at the

University of Stellenbosch, a committee of law students had rejected

the Population Registration Act, the Group Areas Act and other "discriminatory"

measures.

The decision was taken unanimously by the executive committee of the

university's judicial association, which represents about 800 law students.

The committee has also called for the development of "an alternative

constitutional dispensation" in which all South Africans could participate

on an equal basis, and for the lifting of emergency regulations and the

release of political detainees.

In a statement today, the committee said it endorsed the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as a basis for the testing

right of the courts.

The committee rejected the Population Registration Act of 1950 on the

groups that any differentiation between South Africans on the basis

of race or color could play no valid role in a country striving for

"equality before the law."

"We, therefore, find it necessary — purely from a legal point of view — to

reject all discriminating provisions based on race or color as they

appear in the following legislation:

— the Group Areas Act of 1966;

— the Separate Amenities Act .of'1953;'

— all legislation that has anything to do with the creation and promotion

of the so-called homelands system of South Africa; and,

— all other legislation with similar provisions."

113
To accomplish "equality before the law," an alternative constitutional

dispensation would have to be developed in which all South Africans

could participate on an equal basis.

The statement concluded: "We honestly hope that such a dispensation would

lead to the normalizing of the South African community, that all

emergency regulations would be lifted and that all political detainees

be freed."

The committee based its argument on the preamble to the South African

constitution which declares as "a national aim" the independence of

the courts "to maintain equality before the law."

/12624

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114
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK, WHITE UNIONISTS PROTEST OVER NEW MAY HOLIDAY

MB230931 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0907 GMT 23 Mar 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 23 Mar (SAPA)—The head of one of the country's

biggest labor organizations today rejected the state president, Mr. P.W.

Botha's "unilateral and dictatorial" statement declaring the first

Friday in May as a workers' holiday.

The secretary general of CUSA/AZACTU.[Council of South Africa/Azaniän

Confederation of Trade Unions], Mr Piroshaw Camay, said in a statement

to SAPA: "Since 1981, workers have clamored and won hard fought battles

for May 1 to be declared a Labor Day. We have over 200 agreements entered

into at industry and plant level to this effect. The state president,

ignoring these realities has acted.in a way which will bring us into

direct conflict with the state and the employers."

"Any disturbance arising from this conflict will be. the responsibility of

the president and his minority government.

Mr Camay also responded to a statement by Mr Raymond Parsons, chief

executive of the Association of Chambers of Commerce [ASS0C0M], in which

he claimed the proclamation was in "line with their (ASSOCOM's) i

recommendations."

"We demand Mr Raymond Parsons clarifies this statement and makes public what

recommendations the employers have actually made to the state."

Mr Camay said his organization reiterated its original statement that

May 1 would remain Labor Day and that workers would not work that day

"this year or any other year in the future."

He added that any declaration of any other day as a workers' holiday was

not acceptable. The union body would also "relentlessly pursue" Heroes Day

(March 21), Biko Day (September 12) and Soweto Day (June 16) as paid holidays.

/12624

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115
SOUTH AFRICA

UNIONS INCREASINGLY ASKING SHORTER WORK WEEKS

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 27 Feb - 5 Mar 87 p 13

[Article by Duncan Innes]

[Text] A SPATE of major strikes recently,

such as the OK strike, indicates black

workers are serious about demanding

improved living standards. While

most protests have been in support of

the demand for a living wage,

negotiations have recently begun on a

separate, yet related issue: the length

of the working week.

The Industrial Council for the Iron,

Steel, Engineering and Metallurgical

Industries • is currently discussing

union demands that the working week

be reduced from 45 to 44 hours. If

this demand is met, it-is likely to lead

to demands for the working week, to

be reduced, not just in the metal and

engineering sector, but throughout

industry.

The issue is an important one, partly

because it approaches the question of

living standards, not from the aspect

of the more orthodox demand for

higher wages, but from the aspect ofJ

winning more leisure time for1

workers. This implies unions are not

simply concerned with winning

improvements for their members at

work, but are also concerned with

struggling more broadly to improve

the conditions oftheir home and social

lives.

The other reason this issue is

important is because the union has

located its demand within the context

of trying to do something to tackle

unemployment. When managements

have asked how they are to

compensate for the lost hour a week,

the union reply has been that they

should hire new labour to fill the gap.

These same arguments — for more

leisure time and to help ease

unemployment — have been used by

workers overseas to win substantial

improvements in their hours of work.

While the norm for Britain is now a

40-hour working week — well down

on South Africa's 45 hours — in the

British engineering industry, workers

have won a reduction to 39 hours. In

West Germany it is even better, with

workers working only 37 hours and

currently negotiating to reduce the

working week even further.

In South Africa, where there is no

real tradition of negotiation around

working hours, managements have

reacted cautiously to union demands.

While this is understandable, clearly

the issue of working hours is a

legitimate area of negotiation: the

Wage contract includes not just the

amount to be paid in money or kind,

but also the number of hours to be

worked and the conditions under

which that work is to be performed.

One of the major sources of worry

for managements is that, while

workers are demanding fewer hours

of work, they reject any compensating

reduction in wages. They are also

loath to accept any link being forged

between reducing working hours but

increasing productivity levels.

Managements would be far more

sympathetic to the notion of

employees working fewer hours if

they knew that, through productivity

improvements, employees could get

through the equivalent amount of

work in less time.

116
The unions, on the other hand,

argue that if they accept either lower

wages or demands for productivity

increases, then their members are not

in fact benefitting from working

fewer hours. They are either

receiving lower wages or giving more

labour in return for the shorter week.

Managements' reply is that, were

they to concede the demand without

any compensation from workers, it

will lead to an increase in costs. This is

true, since the payment of a fixed

quantity of rands in return for fewer

hours of work means costs increase —;

though in this case of an hour's less

work in a week the cost increase is

small.

Nonetheless, managements argue

that were they to pass this increase on

by raising the price of their products

the effect would be inflationary.

While this is also true, the union

argument is that with profits now

recovering, dramatically in some

cases, companies can afford to absorb

the small increases themselves.

Alternatively, managements can seek

to compensate for the small cost

increase by trimming costs in other

areas, such as management,

. marketing, distribution, etc.

While the debate around costs

continues, managements have also

raised the objection that if fewer

hours are worked they will not be able

to meet deadlines and fulfil orders on

time.

The union reply is that

managements should then turn to the

massive army of unemployed to make

up the shortfall. If, so the union

argument goes, they were to allow

productivity improvements in return

for working fewer hours,

managements would have no need to

employ sections of the unemployed.

If, managements respond, the unions

were to accept lower wages in return

for fewer working hours,

managements would have more

money available to employ more of

the unemployed.

A further point raised by

managements is that it is not always

possible to employ new workers.

Perhaps there is a shortage of

machinery or physical limitations of

space which make increasing the

numbers of workers impossible. In

that case, say the unions, their

members might be willing to work

overtime to help make up the

difference. In this context overtime

could be of benefit to both workers

and management: workers would get

extra pay for the overtime and

management would gain flexibility by

being able to say precisely how many

hours' work,was required.

the debäte around the nitty gritty of

implementing a reduced working

week is clearly of great importance, as

is the issue of what costs are involved

and who should bear them. But as

these debates progress it is equally

important that the broader issues are

not lost sight of.

While black industrial workers are

often regarded as an elite among

South Africa's black work force —

their wages are substantially better

than those of agricultural workers and

the dangers they face less than those of

mineworkers — their lot is not an

enviable one.

In the context of the working day,

the shocking transport facilities

available to most workers means their

leisure time is limited. Studies have

shown, for instance, that black

workers spend on average between

two to four hours travelling to and

from work. Allowing two hours for

travel, a black worker's day may be

broken down as follows: commuting

time: 2 hours; working time: 9 hours;

sleeping time: 8 hours; total: i9 hours.

This leaves a mere five hours for

eating, dressing, washing, cleaning,

child care and leisure. If four hours is

allowed for commuting, this leaves

only three hours for these activities.

These facts alone suggest not only

that unions are quite right to be

raising the issue of reduced working

hours, but also that on humanitarian

grounds management needs to look

sympathetically at this issue.

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11?
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

248 INDIANS DIE VIOLENTLY--Two hundred and forty-eight Indians died violently

in Durban over a 12-month period from July 1985 to June 1986. These figures

were disclosed in written replies by the Minister of Law and Order, Mr Adrian

Vlok, to Member of Parliament Mr Logan Chetty. Of the 248 murders, 112 were

in Isipingo, 35 in Greenwood Park, 24 in Mount Edgecombe, 23 in Chatsworth, 23

in Wentworth, 20 in Sydenham, and 11 in Mayville. [Text] [Durban POST NATAL

in English 4-7 Mar 87 p 3] /13104

SOLIDARITY PARTY TO RETAIN ROLE—The national executive committee of

the Solidarity Party has decided to retain its role as the official

opposition in the House of Delegates. The party's national chairman,

Mr (Ismail Omar), said after a meeting in Durban that the consequence

of the decision by the party was that two Solidarity members serving on

the Ministers Council of the House of Delegates would have to relinquish

their posts. They are the minister of the budget, Dr J.N. Reddy,

and the minister of health arid welfare services, Mr Ismail Kathrada. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1915 GMT 22 Mar 87 MB] /12624

ASSOCOM SAYS APARTHEID 'BUILT INTO RSC'S'—It looks like regional

service councils [RSC] are on the way despite widespread criticism.

The Associated Chambers of Commerce, ASSOCOM, says the government plans

to have eight RSC's in operation by 1 July, from which date payroll and turnover levies will be payable. ASSOCOM says it originally supported the

objectives of the councils, but adds its concern that they won't achieve

their desired aims because apartheid is built into the RSC structure.

Apart from representation for the councils being elected on xacial lines,

ASSOCOM says levies collected could reduce economic lines, ASSOCOM says

levies collected could reduce economic growth.

/12624

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118