Slip Op. 19-31

UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE 

JINDAL POLY FILMS LIMITED OF INDIA 

(A.K.A. JINDAL POLY FILMS, LTD. 

(INDIA)), 

Plaintiff, 

v. 

UNITED STATES, 

Defendant. 

 Before: Mark A. Barnett, Judge 

 Court No. 18-00038 

OPINION AND ORDER 

[Remanding the U.S. Department of Commerce’s final results in the administrative 

review of the antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet, and strip 

from India.] 

Dated: March 11, 2019

Stephen W. Brophy, Husch Blackwell, LLP, of Washington, DC, argued for Plaintiff. With 

him on the brief was Nithya Nagarajan. 

Sonia Orfield, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S. 

Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, argued for Defendant. With her on the brief 

were Joseph H. Hunt, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, and 

Patricia M. McCarthy, Assistant Director. Of counsel on the brief was Kristen E. 

McCannon, Attorney, Office of the Chief Counsel for Trade Enforcement and 

Compliance, U.S. Department of Commerce, of Washington, DC. 

Barnett, Judge: Plaintiff Jindal Poly Films Limited of India (a.k.a. Jindal Poly 

Films Ltd. (India)) (“Plaintiff” or “Jindal”) challenges certain aspects of the U.S. 

Department of Commerce’s (“Commerce” or “the agency”) final results in the 

administrative review of the antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate film, 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 2 

sheet, and strip (“PET film”) from India. See Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet, 

and Strip from India, 83 Fed. Reg. 6,162 (Dep’t Commerce Feb. 13, 2018) (final results 

on antidumping duty admin. review; 2015-2016) (“Final Results”), ECF No. 18-4, and 

the accompanying Issues and Decision Mem., A-533-824 (Feb. 6, 2018) (“I&D Mem.”), 

ECF No. 18-5;1 Compl., ECF No. 6. Plaintiff argues that Commerce’s decision to deny 

Jindal two post-sale price adjustments to its home market sales lacks adequate 

explanation and analysis, is not supported by substantial evidence, and is contrary to 

law; Commerce unlawfully failed to issue a supplemental questionnaire to Jindal to seek 

additional information on the two post-sale price adjustments that Commerce denied; 

and Commerce violated Jindal’s due process rights by depriving it of an opportunity to 

meaningfully comment on Commerce’s preliminary results. See Mot. for J. Upon the 

Agency R. Pursuant to USCIT Rule 56.2 of Pl. Jindal Poly Films Ltd. of India (a.k.a. 

Jindal Poly Films Ltd. (India)) and Mem. in Supp. of Pl.’s Rule 56.2 Mot. for J. on the 

Agency R. (“Pl.’s Br.”), ECF No. 23; Confidential Reply of Pl. Jindal Poly Films Limited 

of India (a.k.a. Jindal Poly Films Ltd. (India)) (“Pl.’s Reply”), ECF No. 27. 

Defendant United States (“Defendant” or “the Government”) urges the court to 

sustain the agency’s Final Results. See generally Confidential Def.’s Resp. to Pl.’s Mot. 

for J. on the Agency R. (“Def.’s Br.”) at 10-14, 17-23, ECF No. 26. Defendant-

 

1 The administrative record for this case is divided into a Public Administrative Record 

(“PR”), ECF No. 18-1, and a Confidential Administrative Record (“CR”), ECF No. 18-2. 

Parties submitted joint appendices containing record documents cited in their briefs. 

See Public J.A. (“PJA”), ECF No. 30; Public Suppl. J.A., ECF No. 42; Confidential J.A. 

(“CJA”), ECF No. 29, Confidential Suppl. J.A., ECF No. 41. The court references the 

confidential versions of the relevant record documents, unless otherwise specified. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 3 

Intervenors DuPont Teijin Films, Mitsubishi Polyester Film, Inc., and SKC, Inc. did not 

respond to Plaintiff’s arguments. See Letter to Court (Sep. 17, 2018), ECF No. 24. The 

court heard oral argument on February 13, 2019. See Docket Entry, ECF No. 43. For 

the reasons discussed below, the court remands the Final Results. 

BACKGROUND

Jindal was one of two mandatory respondents in the 2015-2016 administrative 

review of the antidumping duty order on PET film from India. See Selection of 

Respondents for Individual Examination (Nov. 2, 2016) at 5, CR 3, P.R. 16, CJA Tab 4, 

PJA Tab 4. In its response to Section B of Commerce’s initial questionnaire, Jindal 

stated that it provides the following post-sale billing adjustments, discounts, and rebates 

to its customers: 

Short Billing Adjustment (BILLADJ1H) 

Excess Billing Adjustment (BILLADJ2H) 

Early Payments Discount (EARLYPYH) 

Quantity Discount (REBATE1H) 

Financing Charge Discount (REBATE3H) 

VAT/CST Discount (REBATE4H) 

Monthly Rebate & Other Credit Notes (REBATE5H) 

Exclusive Dealer Discount (REBATE6H) 

Initial Sec. B and C Questionnaire Resp. of Jindal (Dec. 20, 2016) (“Sec. B Resp.”) at 

27-38, CR 19-21, PR 43, CJA Tab 5, Suppl. CJA Tab 1, PJA Tab 5, Suppl. PJA Tab 1. 

Jindal claimed that its post-sale discounts are “within the scope of accepted price 

adjustments” because they “are known to its customers at the time the sale is made” 

and “these adjustments have been granted by [Commerce] in previous administrative 

reviews with respect to Jindal.” Id. at 32. Jindal provided a sample copy of its sales 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 4 

policy that included the terms of the claimed adjustments as well as various exhibits 

purporting to reflect sample calculations of the rebates and copies of credit notes. See 

id., Exs. B-16—B-26. 

Commerce published its preliminary results on August 7, 2017. Polyethylene 

Terephthalate Film, Sheet, and Strip from India, 82 Fed. Reg. 36,735 (Dep.’t Commerce 

Aug. 7, 2017) (prelim. results and partial rescission of antidumping duty admin. review; 

2015–2016) (“Preliminary Results”). In the Decision Memorandum accompanying the 

Preliminary Results, Commerce stated that “in accordance with 19 C.F.R. [§] 

351.401(c), we made adjustments for discounts and rebates.” Decision Mem. for 

Prelim. Results and Partial Rescission of Antidumping Duty Admin. Review (July 31, 

2017) at 12, PR 68, CJA Tab 7, PJA Tab 7; see also id. at 7. Commerce did not identify 

therein which normal value price adjustments it made or provide further discussion or 

analysis regarding Plaintiff’s claimed adjustments. Commerce released the home 

market Statistical Analysis Software (“SAS”) program log in conjunction with its 

preliminary analysis memorandum, which provided the following information: 

7809 HMGUPADJ = (BILLADJ1H + BILLADJ2H + . . .); /* Price 

adjustments to be added to HMGUP */ 

7810 HMDISREB = EARLPYH + REBATE5H; /* Discounts, rebates & 

other price */ 

7811 /* adjustments to be subtracted from HMGUP - Post-sale price 

adjustments are not allowed */ 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 5 

Jindal’s Prelim. Home Market SAS Program Log (Aug. 11, 2017) (“Prelim. SAS Log”) at 

91, CR 126, CJA Tab 9, PJA Tab 9; see also Analysis Mem. for the Prelim. Results 

(July 31, 2017) at 4, CR 63, PR 123, CJA Tab 8, PJA Tab 8. 

On August 23, 2014, Plaintiff filed a letter with Commerce asking the agency to 

either explain why it had denied Plaintiff’s reported price adjustments or issue a 

supplemental questionnaire to Plaintiff to “clarify the record of this case” since 

Commerce had granted Jindal’s reported price adjustments “in all prior reviews.” Req. 

for Clarification of Prelim. Results of Review (Aug. 23, 2017) (“Pl.’s Req. for 

Clarification”) at 2, PR 65, CJA Tab 10, PJA Tab 10. Commerce responded that it had 

inadvertently omitted a footnote from its preliminary memoranda indicating that Jindal 

“did not meet the criteria . . . for post-sale rebates and adjustments” because its 

responses to the agency’s initial questionnaire “did not provide information on any of the 

[] factors” set forth in Modification of Regulations Regarding Price Adjustments in 

Antidumping Duty Proceedings, 81 Fed. Reg. 15,641 (Dep’t Commerce, Mar. 24, 2016) 

(final rule) (“Final Modification”). Letter from Commerce to Jindal Re: 2015-2016 Admin. 

Review of PET Film from India (Sept. 25, 2017) (“Sept. 25, 2017 Letter”) at 1 & nn.1-2, 

PR 74, CJA Tab 11, PJA Tab 11. 

Two days later, Plaintiff submitted its case brief to the agency arguing that (1) 

Commerce’s preliminary decision to deny Jindal’s post-sale price adjustments without 

adequate explanation was arbitrary and capricious and unsupported by substantial 

evidence; (2) Jindal’s Section B responses addressed the Final Modification factors; 

and (3) Commerce was statutorily required to issue a supplemental questionnaire to 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 6 

provide Jindal an opportunity to cure any purported deficiencies in its responses. 

Admin. Case Br. (Sept. 27, 2017) (“Pl.’s Admin. Case Br.”) at ECF pp. 110-11, PR 76, 

CJA Tab 12, PJA Tab 12. Jindal requested that Commerce either explain the reasons 

for denying its reported post-sale price adjustments and permit supplemental briefing to 

address the issue or issue a supplemental questionnaire to Jindal. Id. at ECF p. 112-

13. 

Commerce published its final results on February 13, 2018. See Final Results. 

Commerce explained that it granted the following post-sale price adjustments in 

accordance with the Preliminary Results: Payment Discount (EARLPYH), Short Billing 

Adjustment (BILLADJ1H), Excess Billing Adjustment (BILLADJH2H) and Monthly/Other 

Credit Notes Rebate (REBATE5H). Analysis Mem. for the Final Results (Feb. 6, 2018) 

(“Final Analysis Mem.”) at 2-4, CR 144, PR 82, CJA Tab 13, PJA Tab 13. For the final 

results, Commerce also granted the Quantity Discount (REBATE1H) and VAT/CST 

Discount (REBATE4H) “because: 1) the terms were set prior to the sales, 2) proper 

timing of the adjustment, and 3) a showing of legitimate transactions.” I&D Mem. at 3; 

see also Final Analysis Mem. at 1, 5. However, Commerce denied two remaining 

adjustments—Financing Charges Discount (REBATE3H) and Exclusive Dealer 

Discount (REBATE6H)—stating: 

We continue to determine that the information on the administrative record 

does not meet the criteria spelled out in the Final Modification. The 

Financing Charges Discount does not meet the criteria (1) where terms 

and conditions were set prior to sale; (3) the timing of the adjustment; and 

(5) any other factors tending to reflect on the legitimacy of this claimed 

adjustment, specifically the business sense of this adjustment. The 

Exclusive Dealer Discount also does not meet the criteria (1) where terms 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 7 

and conditions were set prior to sale; (3) the timing of the adjustment; and 

(5) any other factors tending to reflect on the legitimacy of this claimed 

adjustment, specifically the business sense of this adjustment. . . . [T]he 

burden is on the respondent [to] provide information relevant to support its 

questionnaire response. 

Final Analysis Mem. at 6. 

JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW

The court has jurisdiction pursuant to § 516A(a)(2)(B)(iii) of the Tariff Act of 1930, 

as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(a)(2)(B)(iii) (2012),2 and 28 U.S.C. § 1581(c). The 

court will uphold Commerce’s determination if it is supported by substantial evidence on 

the record and in accordance with law. 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i). In reviewing 

whether substantial evidence supports Commerce’s determination, the court asks 

whether there was “such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as 

adequate to support a conclusion.” Huaiyin Foreign Trade Corp. (30) v. United States, 

322 F.3d 1369, 1374 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (quoting Consol. Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 

197, 229 (1938)). This standard requires that Commerce “examine the record and 

articulate a satisfactory explanation for its action.” Yangzhou Bestpak Gifts & Crafts 

Co., Ltd. v. United States, 716 F.3d 1370, 1378 (Fed. Cir. 2013). While the court will 

uphold a determination of less than ideal clarity, “the path of Commerce’s decision must 

be reasonably discernable to [the] court.” NMB Singapore Ltd. v. United States, 557 

F.3d 1316, 1319 (Fed. Cir. 2009); see also CS Wind Vietnam Co., Ltd. v. United States, 

 

2 All further citations to the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, are to Title 19 of the U.S. 

Code, 2012 edition, and all references to the United States Code are to the 2012 

edition, unless otherwise stated. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 8 

832 F.3d 1367, 1377 (Fed. Cir. 2016) (the agency’s experience and expertise are not a 

substitute for the required explanation). 

DISCUSSION

I. Commerce’s Denial of Two Post-Sale Price Adjustments 

A. Legal Framework 

To determine whether subject merchandise is being sold at less than fair value, 

Commerce compares the export price or constructed export price of the subject 

merchandise to its normal value. See generally 19 U.S.C. § 1673 et seq. The statute 

directs Commerce to calculate normal value using the “price at which the foreign like 

product is first sold . . . for consumption in the exporting country.” Id. 

§ 1677b(a)(1)(B)(i). Commerce’s regulations further direct the agency to use a price for 

normal value that “is net of price adjustments, as defined in § 351.102(b), that are 

reasonably attributable to the . . . foreign like product.” 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(c) (2016). 

The regulations define a “price adjustment” as “a change in the price charged for 

. . . the foreign like product, such as a discount, rebate, or other adjustment, including, 

under certain circumstances, a change that is made after the time of sale (see

§ 351.401(c)), that is reflected in the purchaser’s net outlay.” Id. § 351.102(b)(38). 

Commerce does “not accept a price adjustment that is made after the time of sale 

unless the interested party demonstrates . . . its entitlement to such an adjustment.” Id. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 9 

§ 351.401(c).3 When it adopted this version of the regulations, Commerce also 

discussed, in the preamble, a non-exhaustive list of factors that it may consider in 

determining whether an interested party has demonstrated entitlement to a post-sale 

price adjustment. Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. at 15,644-45. Those factors are: 

(1) [w]hether the terms and conditions of the adjustment were established and/or 

known to the customer at the time of sale, and whether this can be demonstrated 

through documentation; (2) how common such post-sale price adjustments are 

for the company and/or industry; (3) the timing of the adjustment; (4) the number 

of such adjustments in the proceeding; and (5) any other factors tending to reflect 

on the legitimacy of the claimed adjustment. 

Id. 

B. Parties’ Arguments 

Plaintiff argues that Commerce failed to articulate its reasons for granting certain 

adjustments and denying others, and this failure renders Commerce’s decision 

unsupported by substantial evidence and contrary to law.4 Pl.’s Br. at 9, 11. Plaintiff 

contends that Commerce’s decision with respect to the first factor—whether the terms 

of the adjustment were set or known to the customer at the time of sale—is internally 

inconsistent because Plaintiff provided the same sample copy of its sales policy for all 

the claimed adjustments. See id. at 10; Pl.’s Reply at 4. With respect to the third and 

 

3 The agency modified 19 C.F.R. § 351.401(c) in 2016 to add this sentence after the 

court, in Papierfabrik Aug. Koehler AG v. United States, 38 CIT ___, 971 F. Supp. 2d 

1246, 1251-57 (2014), held that Commerce’s decision to reject certain post-sale price 

adjustments, when the customer was not aware of the adjustment at the time of sale, 

contravened the plain language of 19 C.F.R. §§ 351.401(c) and 351.102(b)(38). See

Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. at 15,642. Commerce also refined its definition of price 

adjustment in 19 C.F.R. § 351.102(b)(38) in the Final Modification. Id. 

4 Plaintiff does not challenge the regulation itself. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 10 

fifth factors—the timing of the adjustment and any factor “tending to reflect on the 

legitimacy of the claimed adjustment”—Plaintiff contends that Commerce’s decision fails 

to explain Commerce’s path of reasoning and why Plaintiff’s questionnaire responses 

were insufficient to satisfy these criteria. Pl.’s Br. at 10-11; Pl.’s Reply at 4-5. 

The Government contends that Jindal, as the party claiming the adjustment, 

failed to meet its burden of establishing eligibility for the adjustment. Def.’s Br. at 10. 

According to the Government, Jindal failed to provide evidence regarding the first and 

third factors and failed to explain whether the discounts “were legitimate adjustments.” 

Id. at 11. The Government further contends that “Jindal did not offer any specific 

arguments with respect to individual post-sale adjustments in its case brief.” Id. at 11 

(quoting I&D Mem. at 2 n.6). 

C. Commerce Failed to a Provide Reasoned Explanation for Denying the 

Post-Sale Price Adjustments 

Commerce has not provided the required explanation for its determination to 

allow the court to apply the standard of review. Commerce’s entire analysis for denying 

the two post-sale price adjustments is comprised of conclusory statements that the 

adjustments did not satisfy the first, third, and fifth “criteria” listed in the Final 

Modification. See I&D Mem. at 3; Final Analysis Mem. at 6. Commerce did not explain 

why the adjustments do not meet the “criteria” or how Commerce evaluated the factors 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 11 

in the Final Modification. Nor did Commerce discuss the evidence which Jindal 

supplied in support of its claims.5 

Regarding the first factor, the Government argues that Jindal failed to support its 

claim that “the terms and conditions of the adjustment[s] were established and/or known 

to the customer at the time of sale” with supporting “documentation.” Def.’s Mem. at 11 

(quoting Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. at 15,645). In its Section B response, 

however, Jindal stated that all its claimed adjustments “are known to its customers at 

the time the sale is made and[,] in many situations, the customers have been availing of 

the price adjustments for several years.” Sec. B Resp. at 32. Jindal also provided the 

same sample copy of its sales policy for all the claimed adjustments, including the two 

that Commerce denied. Id. at 31-32 & Ex. B-16. Commerce did not explain why that 

documentation sufficed for some of the claimed adjustments but not others.6

 

5 Defendant’s contention that Jindal failed to make any “specific arguments with respect 

to individual post-sale adjustments in its case brief,” Def.’s Br. at 11 (quoting I&D Mem. 

at 2 n.6), is unpersuasive because Jindal argued in its case brief that its Section B 

questionnaire responses addressed the Final Modification factors, Pl.’s Admin. Case Br. 

at ECF p. 111. Jindal also urged Commerce on two separate occasions to provide a 

detailed explanation for denying the adjustments so that it could better tailor its 

arguments to address Commerce’s concerns. See Pl.’s Req. for Clarification; Pl.’s 

Admin. Case Br. at ECF p. 112. Commerce did not. 

6 Furthermore, Jindal explained the circumstances in which it offers the Financing 

Charge Discount and the Exclusive Dealer Discount and provided sample rebate 

calculations and copies of credit notes, as supporting documentation. See Sec. B 

Resp. at 34-38 & Exs. B-19, B-20, B-25, B-26. The documentation that Jindal provided 

was the same as that provided to support the six other claimed adjustments that 

Commerce granted. See id., Exs. B-16—B-26. Although Commerce decided to grant 

some adjustments and deny others, it did not explain sufficiently its reasoning. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 12 

Regarding the fifth factor, the Government contends that Jindal failed to establish 

that the Exclusive Dealer Discount and Financing Charge Rebate Discount “had a 

legitimate business purpose,” like the other six adjustments that Commerce granted. 

Def.’s Br. at 12 (citing Final Analysis Mem. at 3-6). However, Commerce only 

addressed this factor for three of the six adjustments that it granted, and even then, it 

only made a specific finding regarding that factor for one of the adjustments. See Final 

Analysis Mem. at 3-5.7 Before the court, the Government claims that “Jindal explained 

the business purpose” for all of the adjustments that Commerce did not address, Def.’s 

Br. at 13 (citing Sec. B Resp. at 27-29); however, Commerce did not cite or rely on the 

explanations provided in the brief and, more importantly, Commerce did not explain why 

Jindal’s explanations for the two denied adjustments were distinct from the other 

explanations.8

The non-exhaustive list of factors in the Final Modification is not a rigid set of 

criteria; Commerce “may consider any one or a combination of the[] factors in making its 

determination,” and that determination “may be made on a case-by-case basis and in 

light of the evidence and arguments on each record.” Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. 

at 15,645. However, Commerce must explain that determination and the determination 

 

7 Commerce granted the Early Payments Discount, Excess Billing Adjustment, and the 

Short Billing Adjustment even though it did not make a finding concerning the “business 

sense” of these adjustments. See Final Analysis Mem. at 3-4. Moreover, Commerce 

granted the Short Billing Adjustment based only on a finding that it met factors (2) and 

(3). Id. at 4. 

8 The Government’s attempt to provide post hoc explanation for the distinction must fail. 

See Def.’s Br. at 11-13. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 13 

must be supported by substantial evidence on the record. Based on Commerce’s 

conclusory statements, the court cannot discern the path of Commerce’s decisionmaking nor determine that it is supported by substantial evidence. See NMB Singapore 

Ltd., 557 F.3d at 1319 (“[W]hile its explanations do not have to be perfect, the path of 

Commerce’s decision must be reasonably discernable to a reviewing court.”); see also 

CS Wind, 832 F.3d at 1377. Therefore, this matter must be remanded for Commerce to 

reconsider Jindal’s claims for post-sale price adjustments for Exclusive Dealer 

Discounts and Financing Charge Rebate Discounts, taking account of the evidence and 

arguments on record, and to provide the reasons supporting its redetermination. 

II. Commerce’s Decision Not to Issue to Jindal a Supplemental Questionnaire 

A. Legal Framework 

Pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d), if Commerce: 

determines that a response to a request for information . . . does not 

comply with the request, [Commerce] shall promptly inform the person 

submitting the response of the nature of the deficiency and shall, to the 

extent practicable, provide that person with an opportunity to remedy or 

explain the deficiency in light of the time limits established for the 

completion of investigations or reviews. 

If the respondent’s subsequent submission is also deficient or untimely, Commerce may 

“disregard all or part of the original and subsequent responses,” subject to section 

1677m(e). Id. § 1677m(d)(1)-(2). Section 1677m(e) provides that Commerce may not 

“decline to consider information that is . . . necessary to the determination but does not 

meet all the applicable requirements” when the information is timely submitted; “the 

information can be verified”; “the information is not so incomplete that it cannot serve as 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 14 

a reliable basis for reaching the applicable determination”; the proponent of the 

information “has demonstrated that it acted to the best of its ability in providing the 

information and meeting the requirements established by [Commerce]”; and “the 

information can be used without undue difficulties.” Id. § 1677m(e). 

 As noted above, in addition to these statutory obligations placed on the agency, 

Commerce has regulated that it “will not accept a price adjustment that is made after the 

time of sale unless the interested party demonstrates, to the satisfaction of [the agency], 

its entitlement to such an adjustment.” 19 CFR § 351.401(c). 

B. Parties’ Arguments 

Plaintiff asserts that Commerce was required to issue a supplemental 

questionnaire if it found Jindal’s questionnaire response regarding the two price 

adjustments to be inadequate. Pl.’s Br. at 15. Plaintiff also complains that Commerce 

did not provide adequate notice of the specific information required to receive a postsale price adjustment pursuant to the methodology announced in the Final Modification. 

Id. at 15-16. The Government argues that Commerce did not request that Jindal claim 

eligibility for a post-sale price adjustment and, therefore, Jindal did not submit a 

deficient response within the meaning of 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d). Def.’s Br. at 18. The 

Government also argues that Commerce was not obligated to issue a supplemental 

questionnaire and did not rely on facts otherwise available to calculate a price 

adjustment; instead, Commerce merely refused to grant the adjustment. Id. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 15 

C. Commerce Must Provide Jindal an Opportunity to Clarify or 

Supplement its Questionnaire Responses 

Commerce’s failure to articulate its reasoning for denying two of Jindal’s postsale price adjustments limits the court’s ability to review whether an alleged deficiency 

in Jindal’s questionnaire response was a factor in Commerce’s decision making. 

Nevertheless, for the reasons discussed below, if Commerce determined that Plaintiff’s 

questionnaire response was deficient in some regard, or that Commerce needed 

clarification of the response regarding the adjustments, the agency should have issued 

a supplemental questionnaire to Plaintiff. 

Commerce stated that it was denying certain post-sale price adjustments in the 

Preliminary Results because Jindal’s questionnaire responses “did not provide 

information on any of the [] factors” laid out in the Final Modification. Sept. 25 Letter at 

1. This statement is inaccurate9 and Plaintiff subsequently made two efforts to obtain 

clarification as to how Commerce interpreted the Final Modification factors and what 

additional information was necessary to satisfy those factors. See Pl.’s Req. for 

Clarification; Pl.’s Admin. Case Br. at ECF p. 112.

It is undisputed that a respondent seeking a post-sale price adjustment to normal 

value bears the burden of establishing its entitlement to such adjustment. See Fujitsu 

Gen. Ltd. v. United States, 88 F.3d 1034, 1040 (Fed. Cir. 1996). This burden properly 

rests with the respondent because it is the party in possession of “the necessary 

 

9 Indeed, Plaintiff attempted to address the Final Modification factors through both 

narrative responses and documentary evidence. See Sec. B Resp. at 27-38 & Exs. 

Exs. B-16—B-26. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 16 

information.” Id. at 1040. However, this placement of the burden comes with an 

understanding that a respondent has sufficient notice of what information is considered 

necessary to allow it to meet its burden. Although the preamble to the Final 

Modification contained a list of factors Commerce may consider to determine whether to 

grant a post-sale price adjustment, Commerce indicated that it would apply these 

factors on a case-by-case basis in light of the evidence and arguments on the record. 

See Final Modification, 81 Fed. Reg. at 15,644-45. While Commerce may conduct such 

a case-by-case analysis, it may not fail to engage with a respondent attempting to 

address the factors in good faith. Under these circumstances, in which Jindal 

responded to Commerce’s questions regarding price adjustments and attempted to 

address the Final Modification factors, Commerce was obligated to inform Jindal of the 

nature of any deficiency and, to the extent practicable, provide Jindal with an 

opportunity to remedy or explain the deficiency. See 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d). 

The court is unpersuaded by the Government’s argument that section 1677m(d) 

is inapplicable because Commerce did not specifically request Plaintiff to establish 

entitlement to these post-sale price adjustments and, thus, Plaintiff’s response did not 

fail to comply with a request for information. Def.’s Br. at 18. In Section B of the initial 

questionnaire, Commerce requested that Jindal “report the unit value of each rebate 

given,” “explain [its] policy and practice for granting rebates,” and “describe the terms 

and conditions of each rebate program and when the terms and conditions are 

established in the sales process.” See Sec. B Resp. at 31. Jindal reported the postsale price adjustments in response to this request. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 17 

The Government’s reliance on ABB, Inc. v. United States, 41 CIT __, 273 F. 

Supp. 3d 1200 (2017) for its claim that Commerce is not required to issue a 

supplemental questionnaire to a respondent seeking a favorable adjustment that fully 

complied with an information request, see Def.’s Br. at 19; Oral Arg. at 26:48-27:16, is 

unavailing.10 In ABB, the respondent mislabeled its data, did not attempt to fix the 

alleged labeling error prior to Commerce issuing its final determination, and did not 

identify its own error until it filed ministerial error allegations. 273 F. Supp. 3d at 1211-

12. The issue in ABB was whether Commerce was required to correct the alleged error,

not whether it was obligated to issue a supplemental questionnaire. ABB, therefore, is 

readily distinguished. 

The Government might have considered ABB, Inc. v. United States, Slip Op. 18-

156, 2018 WL 6131880 (CIT Nov. 13, 2018) to be slightly more relevant. See Oral Arg. 

at 35:40-36:00 (quoting language from ABB, 2018 WL 6131880, at *11). There, the 

court agreed with the Government that Commerce was not obligated to issue a 

supplemental questionnaire pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1677m(d). That case, however, is 

also distinguishable because the court found that “[i]nherent in the requirement of 

§ 1677m(d) is a finding that Commerce was or should have been aware of the

deficiency in the questionnaire response” and the respondent was the only party with 

the ability to determine that its questionnaire response was deficient. Id. at *11. Here, 

the situation is just the opposite—Commerce was the only party that could have been 

10 Citations to the oral argument reflect time stamps from the recording. 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 18 

aware of the deficiency in the questionnaire response because it was the only 

participant in the review that knew what would satisfy its unarticulated criteria. 

Even if Commerce determined that Jindal fully complied with a request for 

information, but Commerce did not understand the information, Commerce had the 

opportunity to issue a supplemental questionnaire seeking clarification of any 

ambiguities in the information. The Government’s brief and statements at oral argument 

indicate that Commerce might have benefitted from a request for clarification of certain 

information in Jindal’s responses and documentation Jindal submitted. See Def.’s Br. at 

11-12 (selecting several quotes from Jindal’s Section B responses and arguing that

Jindal “did not explain” what it meant by them); Oral Arg. at 40:15-40:38, 40:50-41:16 

(making similar arguments and stating that Jindal’s responses were unclear and “not 

intelligible” to Commerce); id. at 23:06-23:14 (arguing that it was not clear whether 

Jindal had shared its sales policy with anyone). 

Commerce is obligated “to carry out its statutory duty of ‘determining dumping 

margins as accurately as possible.’” Huzhou Muyun Wood Co., Ltd. v. United States, 

41 CIT __, __, 279 F. Supp. 3d 1215, 1224 (2017) (quoting NTN Bearing Corp. v. 

United States, 74 F.3d 1204, 1208 (Fed. Cir. 1995)). As stated above, Commerce must 

calculate normal value using the “price at which the foreign like product is first sold . . . 

for consumption in the exporting country,” 19 U.S.C. § 1677b(a)(1)(B)(i), and which is 

net of price adjustments, 19 C.F.R. §§ 351.401(c), 351.102(b)(38). By declining to 

issue a supplemental questionnaire seeking clarification of the information Jindal 

provided to support its claims for the post-sale price adjustments, Commerce 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 19 

unreasonably declined a downward adjustment to normal value when a simple 

clarification may have cured Commerce’s lack of understanding. 

Accordingly, on remand, Commerce must provide Jindal an opportunity to clarify 

or supplement its responses to address Commerce’s application of the Final 

Modification in this case with respect to the Exclusive Dealer Discount and Financing 

Charges Discount. 

III. Jindal’s Procedural Due Process Claim

A. Legal Framework

When Commerce makes a preliminary determination in an administrative review, 

it must “publish the facts and conclusions supporting that determination” and “publish 

notice of that determination in the Federal Register.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677f(i)(1). The 

notice or determination must include, “to the extent applicable . . . a full explanation of 

the methodology used in establishing [the weighted average dumping] margins” and 

“the primary reasons for the determination.” 19 U.S.C. § 1677f(i)(2)(A)(iii)(II), (iv). 

Thereafter, interested parties may submit case briefs setting forth arguments relevant to 

the agency’s final results. See 19 C.F.R. § 351.309(c)(1)(ii), (2). The U.S. Court of 

Appeals for the Federal Circuit has stated that an importer participating in an 

administrative review has a due process right to “notice and a meaningful opportunity to 

be heard.” PSC VSMPO-Avisma Corp. v. United States, 688 F.3d 751, 761–62 (Fed. 

Cir. 2012) (quoting LaChance v. Erickson, 522 U.S. 262, 266 (1998)). 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 20 

B. Parties’ Arguments

Plaintiff contends that Commerce’s failure to provide an adequate explanation for 

its decision in the Preliminary Results deprived Jindal of its due process rights and an 

opportunity to comment meaningfully on the preliminary decision. Pl.’s Br. at 13. The 

Government responds that Commerce identified the adjustments that it granted in the 

preliminary SAS Log and explained the legal basis for its decision in the September 25, 

2017 letter in response to Jindal’s request. Def.’s Br. at 15 (citing Prelim. SAS Log. At 

91; Sept. 25, 2017 Letter). It further argues that Jindal received and used its 

opportunity to file a brief pursuant to 19 C.F.R. § 351.309(c)(1)(i). Id. At oral argument, 

Plaintiff conceded that if the court remands the determination for Commerce to 

reconsider the two price adjustments, Plaintiff’s due process claim is moot. Oral Arg. at 

17:17-17:37. 

C. Jindal’s Procedural Due Process Claim is Moot

Jindal’s claim that it was deprived of notice and meaningful opportunity to be 

heard is moot as a result of the court’s remand order. Jindal has made its objections to 

Commerce’s determination and Commerce must now reconsider its determination in 

light of those objections. No further remedy would be available to Jindal if the court 

were to agree with its due process claim. 

CONCLUSION

In accordance with the foregoing, it is hereby 

ORDERED that Commerce’s Final Results are remanded so that Commerce 

may reconsider or further explain its denial of the Financing Charge Discount and the 
Court No. 18-00038 Page 21 

Exclusive Dealer Discount price adjustments in accordance with Discussion sections I 

and II above; 

ORDERED that Commerce shall file its remand results on or before June 10, 

2019; and it is further 

ORDERED that subsequent proceedings shall be governed by USCIT Rule 

56.2(h); and it is further 

ORDERED that any comments or responsive comments must not exceed 5,000 

words. 

/s/ Mark A. Barnett 

Mark A. Barnett, Judge 

Dated: March 11, 2019

New York, New York