Today facts are obstinate; they stare you in the face. Thousands of children
are vegetating in the deepest ignorance and even questioning in their albeit
hesitant voices, the peripheries of their growth and development.

Fortunately, with the advent of freedom, the CMRN quickly took the bull by the
horns, allotting to the field of education a privileged position and thus im-
proving the situation of the growing ranks of young people who represent the
promise of our future. In taking in hand the destiny of the nation, the CMRN
knows with the utmost objectivity that to build up a strong and prosperous
Guinea, we need the power of both brain and brawn, the support of minds both
well-formed and well-filled, whitch above all must describe the sons and
daughters of the motherland.

Thus, reflection on educational reform from the very first moments of our re-
cently recovered freedom is a necessity, even an imperative. What could be
more basic than the creation of a school system worthy of our freedom?

As these lines are being written, several working commissions are in place;
they were created by our three Ministries of Education to furnish Guinean
schools with the equipment necessary for their growth and development in
justice and democracy.

Thus one is in a position to say without risk of error that the recovery under-
taken by the CMRN in the domain of education will in the near future be able to
join together the links in the chain of our socioeconomic development in the
formation of capable administrators eager to make Guinea a nation of peaceful
life and prosperity.

8117
CsO: 3419/638

14



The source from the People's Development Bank disclosed that the assessment

of the cooperative movement's progress dealt with the activity of the agricul-
tural production cooperatives during the past 4 years, concluding ‘that the
rural cooperatives (those established by the peasants) have had virtually no
support, in contrast to those in the green zones and the urban areas.

The BPD also noted that, in addition to their lack of state. support, they
have been struck by disasters and by armed bandits, that have negated the
efforts by the peasants, often ending up destroying them.

Having observed this reality, the Consultative Council of the People's Develop-
ment Bank decided to study the status of the bank’ debts which. the cooperatives
have accumulated in recent years. This study will have to involve not only
the BPD, but also other sectors which, either directly or indirectly, operate
in association with the production cooperatives. ‘

conversely, the council noted with gratification the development of the ‘produc-
tion cooperatives in the green zones, particularly those of Maputo Province.
The meeting also was of ‘the opinion that the’ latter have received greater
backing, and recommended that the same thing be done with respect to the rural ;
cooperatives .

2909
CSO: 3442/367 ‘

35



LESOTHO

BRIEFS

SECURITY PACT WITH RSA--Lesotho has apparently revised its attitude towards a
security pact with South Africa, Reports say Lesotho'’s prime minister, Leabua
Jonathan, is studying the draft of a security pact and that the Maseru govern-
ment was not ready for a nonaggression pact with Pretoria. The draft treaty
under consideration is‘said to be modeled on the Nkomati Accord in which _
Mozambique and South Africa undertook not to allow their territory to be used
as a springboard for attacks on one another. Lesotho has so far resisted
signing a formal pact, saying there was no need for it, but observers say
Pretoria's pressure on the landlocked and economically vulnerable country
appears to have forced Lesotho to change its stance. Relations between the
two countries have been strained for several years because of the alleged use
of Lesotho by the ANC and South Africa's backing of the Lesotho Liberation
Army. [Text] [MB291109 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0900 GMT 29 May 84]

cso: 3400/1015

31



TOGO

BRIEFS

OPPOSITION LETTER--Pursuant to the article by Jean-Claude Pomonti concerning
the economic crisis in Togo (LE MONDE, 7 April), the French Movement for
Democracy (2, Place des Reflets, 92400 Courbevoie, France) which is regroup-
ing members of the Opposition exiled in France, writes to us: "It is not ac-
ceptable to say that the Togolese population has agreed to make ‘serious
sacrifices' in an effort to surmount the economic crisis, when really these
sacrifices have been imposed on the Togolese population by the dictates of the
regime, and when Government officials are holding hundreds of billions in
Swiss bank accounts. Can one speak of sacrifice when one knows that the Lome
Region, a cruel and uncivilized Government, is using methods censured by all the
human rights organizations?" [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French 2 May 84 p 5]
8117

CSO: 3419/638

86



MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY STRESSES FPLM ROLE FIGHTING BANDITS

MB211643 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 0605 GMT 20 May 84

[Station commentary] 7

[Text] The achievement of the historic decisions of the Fourth Frelimo Party
Congress in the fight against armed banditry and for the building of a strong
socialist economy-~a task which mainly falls on the FPLM——has been underlined
during the recent sessions of the party Central Committee and the People's
Assembly.

In this regard, particular importance should be given to the signing of the
Nkomati Accord, an instrument of peace and tranquility, which allowed the
cessation of provocative acts by the Pretoria regime, which has trained and
armed a number of bandits in order to subsequently carry out acts of destabi-
lization inside our territory, destroying the economic and social infrastruc-
tures, kidnapping defenseless people, and pillaging their property.

As a result of this instrument of peace and tranquility, the FPLM, which is
characterized by high fighting morale, is day after day demonstrating its
courage, determination, ‘andifirmness in annihilating the armed bandits. The
FPLM is fully aware that the profound change in the life of the Mozambican
people depends on the battle against the armed bandits, a task which we are
now carrying out with full commitment.

Accordingly, throughout the country, the FPLM is confronting the bandits.
Particularly in the provinces of Tete, Manica and Sofala, recently visited

by Armando Panguene, deputy defense minister and the FPLM national

political commissar, our forces are directing their actions against the band-
ité' bases, destroying them and killing their occupants. In these same areas,
the FPIM defends national economic projects, thus ensuring supplies to the
people in areas of difficult access. The FPLM also is carrying out actions
aimed at freeing civilians kidnapped by the bandits and reconstructing the
socioeconomic infrastructure. During these actions, our comrades ate active-
ly supported by the people, who at the same time themselves take self-defense

courses.

40



BENIN

NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL SESSION REPORTED
Cotonou BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 333, 6 Apr 84 pp 4-6
[Excerpt] The National Executive Council [NEC] met on 4 April 1984 at Cotonou.

Acting on a motion by the minister of finance, the NEC adopted a proposed de-
cree guaranteeing a Fr CEA 300 million loan being provided to the Bank of
Benin by the Central Fund for Economic Cooperation [CCCE] to help finance
development of the proposed company to manufacture "portes isoplanes" [equal
level gates].

The chief of state submitted to the NEC for its approval the results of the work
of the ad hoc committee on disciplinary repression, which was tasked to investi-
gate the allegations made against Comrade Aime Adoukonou, the previous head of
the "Gbegamey" agency for the National Agricultural Credit Fund [CNCA].

It will be recalled that in 1981 Comrade Aime Adoukonou, then-head of the
"Gbegamey" agency of the CNCA, acted contrary to established procedures and
exceeded his authority in loaning the sum of Fr CFA 187 million to Comrade
Isidore Tossa, head of the MACOBA Enterprise. Comrade Adoukonou had also made
improper loans to other individuals.

The Council, after reviewing the case and basing itself on the conclusions reached
by the ad hoc committee on disciplinary repression, judged Comrade Aime Adoukonou

guilty of prevarication.

This is why the Council, in accordance with the provisions of Order No 80-6
of 11 February 1980, which was in force at the time of the incidents, decided
to discharge the accused from his position with loss of all entitlements. The
NEC also called on the minister of finance and the minister of interior and
public security to take all measures necessary to see that the CNCA recovers
the funds improperly loaned to Comrade Isidore Tossa and other individuals.

The Council also told the guardian of the seal, the minister for people's
justice, to proceed in the courts against Comrade Aime Adoukonou.

During the same meeting, the NEC also approved several reports, including:

~-a report by the minister of industry, mines and energy relative to the meet-
ing held on 23-24 February 1984 in Cotonou, where financial backers discussed



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON NEED FOR JOINT MONITORING COMMISSIONS
MB221649 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 22 May 84
[Station commentary: "The Machinery for Security"]

[Text] The talks just held in Lusaka between South Africa and Angola are of
tremendous importance to stability in the southern African subcontinent as well
as to the existing agreements reached between South Africa and the MPLA Govern-
ment. The talks went under the headline of regional security, but observers
say that they probably concentrated on the task of the Joint Monitoring Com-
mission [JMC], which was formed in Lusaka, as well as the South African troop
withdrawal from Angola.

At the time of the formation of the JMC, the South African minister for for-
eign affairs, Mr Roelof Botha, described the commission as the machinery for
security. Indeed, that is precisely what it is. The commission consisting
of top South African and Angolan officials has the task not only of monitoring
South African troop withdrawal, but also the activities of SWAPO from Angola
into South-West Africa/Namibia as well as all other problems which may crop up.

Needless to say, South Africa and Angola have behind them a recent history

of hostility and suspicion. Agreements reached on paper, such as those reached
in Lusaka, are encouraging, but a JMC provides the machinery for each side to
ensure that the other is keeping its side of the bargain. When either side

has complaints or doubts, the commission is the place to sort out differences
face to face. It is for this reason that Mozambique and South Africa in their
accords also decided on the formation of Joint Security Commission [JSC].

This commission also meets from time to time to sort out any security prob-

lems that might arise and has proved to be invaluable in keeping the Nkomati
Accords intact.

In her negotiations with Lesotho aimed at normalizing relations between the
two countries, the main problem confronting South Africa has been the re-
fusal by the Jonathan government to establish effective monitoring machinery.
The result has been that instead of improving, relations between South Africa
and Lesotho have deteriorated. The point is that trust and confidence are
essential ingredients, but countries which were recently enemies of each other
first have to prove themselves before trust can be complete. In the interim
period, JMCS are essential in the process of establishing trust.

CsO: 3400/1012

68



Technicians from the MCPFMM Office of Consultation and Projects designed the
reconstruction project and provided onsite supervision of the work, which con-
sisted in repairing the damaged pillars and straightening out the steel structure
of the bridge.

Early Monday morning, the last repairs were completed and at 1120 hours a first
train of 20 empty freight cars entered and stopped on the bridge. khen it was
verified that everything was normal, a second train crossed the bridge, with
two heavily loaded freight cars. Finally, after it was insured that everything
was in order, a train crossed the bridge, loaded with Swazi sugar for export
via the port of Maputo.

Soon after this event, a Mozambican port-railway delegation led by Tlidio Dinis,

director of the port of Maputo, took the train to Swaziland, where officials
of the Swazi Railways and sugar exporters were waiting.

The Mozambican delegation went to Mlawula, Swaziland's major sugar center, where
trains were already waiting, loaded with sugar for export via Maputo.

hy coincidence, the sugar export campaign began precisely on 30 April, the day
oivwhich traffic was reopened. Just. through the Phuzomoya and Nlawula zones,
Swaziland intends to exprt 383,175 tons of sugar this year, it was announced
when the two delegations met on Swazi territory. This export figure is slightly
higher than in previous years.

6362
CSO: 3442/366

50



MOZAMBIQUE

FRENCH TO HELP REBUILD MARINGUE HEALTH CENTER
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Apr 84 p 8

[Text] AIM [Mozambique Information Agency] announced on Wednesday that a
memorandum of cooperation for rehabilitating the medical and health infra-
structures damaged by the armed bandits in Maringue, Sofala Province, was
signed recently in Maputo by the French medical organizations "World Physician"
and "San Frontier Hospital."

In statements made to the Mozambique Information Agency, Abdul Razak, of the
Health Ministry's Planning Department disclosed that the memorandum calls
for those organizations to construct’ a temporary hospital with field tents
in the Maringue district headquarters, as well as to guarantee its complete
equipping with supplies of pharmaceuticals, ambulances and other necessary
health care materials.

The temporary hospital will have a capacity to accommodate from 40 to 60 beds,
and will be served by two multi-specializing physicians, to be sent by those
organizations, while the remaining personnel will be Mozambican aides,

Subsequently, those two humanitarian organizations will participate jointly
with Mozambican authorities in the reconstruction of the Maringue Health
Center. "World Physician" assumed responsibility for rendering assistance
to the Main Hospital of Maputo, in the area of contracting and sending speci-
lists in various fields, for short periods of time.

Those specialists will render medical assistance services, as well as direct-
ing lectures and talks, and researching the requirements for training Mozam-
bican personnel; and, possibly, they may offer courses at the School of
Medicine.

This project, the implementation of which will be immediate, offers great
advantages to Mozambique, because its financial costs for the undertaking are

very slight.

The delegations from the aforementioned organizations left Mozambique last week,
after having visited the locality of Maringue, where they were informed of the
various problems caused in the area by the armed bandits.

2909

CSO: .3442/367

48



In a conversatim with the FRELING Party district secretary for economic policy
in Manica, our correspondent learned that 89 percent of the people in that zone,
who had been scattered, have been brought into communal villages, and action

is currently underway to organize these people to establish agricultural
cooperatives.

In the interview which he granted to us, the district secretary for economic
policy noted the work being done by the district brigades for political and
organizational support in the neighborhoods, communal villages and agricultural
cooperatives, which will make it possible to expand the area under cultivation
and to make proper use of the lowland zones.

It is known, however, that in Manica District 50 percent of the crops planted in
the current apricultural campaign have been ruined by the drought which is
afflicting a large part of the country.

6362
CSO: 3442/366

54



According to the message, the workers participated actively in the Socialist
ulation Campaign, to meet the commitments made “as a result of the wealth
of experience gathered during the preparation of the Fourth Congress."

In fact, 43,861 workers in 48 companies and work places signed socialist emulation
pledges and collective agreemeuts. During this period there were 50 days of
voluntary labor, in which 55,894 workers took part, donating 221,130 additional
hours, worth 2,221,130.80 meticals.

In response to the decisions of the Fourth ‘LIMO Party Congress and of the
Constituent Conference of the Unions regarding the battle against hunger and

in defense of the country, 791 hectares of farm land were nade available to

the workers to produce their own food. Moreover, innovative centers were created
in the companies, to develop and encourage research and art.

In the districts, particularly those which have a particular role in economic

and social development, there is already a major effort, including the assignment
of permanent cadres, to insure that the OTM organs function properly.

6362
CSO: 3442/366

58



MOZAMBIQUE

NETHERLANDS DEVELOPMENT AID OUTLINED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 May 84 p 2

[Text] A few days ago, the charge d'affaires of the Netherlands Embassy in
Maputo reaffirmed the fact that the present relations between Mozambique and
the Netherlands have now reached a qualitatively high level, in the context
of the cooperation between the two countries. Speaking on the. occasion of
the marking of the Netherlands’ National Day, 30 April, Jacob van den Hout
commented that his government's main concern with regard to the current rela-
tions is aimed at intensifying to an increasing extent the bonds which unite
Mozambique with the Netherlands.

The Netherlands Embassy's charge d'affaires, Jacob van den Hout, also noted
that the visit paid by President Samora Machel to his country from 4 to 7
October of last year had made it possible to place even more stress on the
significant cooperative relations between Mozambique and the Netherlands.

During that visit, President Samora Machel expressed the view that the coopera-
tion between Mozambique and the Netherlands was "an example of the relations
that should exist between countries with different social systems and in
stages of development that also vary."

Jacob van den Hout also remarked that the relations between the Netherlands
and Mozambique date back many years, since the Armed Struggle for National
Liberation. "The backing that our people and government have given to Mozam-
bique is directed, essentially, toward the creation of conditions that would
favor Mozambique's complete reconstruction and the combating of underdevelop-
ment."

Discussing the economic cooperation between our country and the Netherlands,
this diplomat commented that the leading projects that have received particular
attention on the part of his government are associated with the programs to
rehabilitate the port of Beira which, since 1980, have entailed a total of

76 million florins.

He said: "In addition to this, the Netherlands is cooperating with Mozambique
in several other areas, including construction, water, dredging, drainage
works, energy, health, education, agriculture, fishing and the graphics indus-
try, which are part of a bilateral program between the two governments."

46



foreign-owned companies are the order of the day, while cases of corruption
involving directors, managers, and senior civil servants are often dropped.
Foreign judges (Europeans, U.S. and British Asian) are highly-paid rubber
stamps. Unpatriotic Kenyan (African and Asian) judges and lawyers are also
rubber stamps who administer anti-people authoritarian laws.

No! We cannot let ourselves be cheated by these robbers and their laws! The
whole world will not be deceived by the trumped up charges against Kenyan
patriots. We know that all those who are fighting for an economically and
politically liberated Kenya cannot receive justice. There can never be justice
under imperialism.

Culture of Theft and Bribery

Corruption has permeated through to some members of Parliament, senior. civil
servants, senior army officers, senior police, Criminal Investigation Depart-
ment (CID) and Special Branch officers. These officers help in the cover up

of corruption in land, food, oil, housing and all basic necessities. Even when
these practices are exposed by patriotic journalists, nothing happens to: the
culprits because those who are supposed to take them to court are equally
involved in the same deals. Some journalists are even beaten up and newspapers
threatened with banning. Thus the law protects the rich and oppresses the poor.

Bribery has become an integral part of the ruling culture. The police use guns
and fierce dogs to extort bribes from innocent people. Most judges, lawyers and
court clerks receive bribes. City Council ‘askaris' shamelessly force old
women who eam their living by hawking fruit and vegetables to give them bribes.
It is impossible even to get free forms from government desk/counter clerks
without a bribe. Of course petty officials who take bribes to supplement their
low incomes cannot be expected to act any different from their bosses. We
believe that most of these will change their behaviour once they realise that
bribes will never ‘solve their problems. They will then join in the patriotic
movement against imperialism and its comprador puppets.

Who Pays for It A11?

It is the masses who are made to pay for all this corruption. For it is their
sweat and hard work that create the plundered wealth. They are even forced to
pay "harambee' contributions. Hence their poverty increases daily. When the
ruling clique say there are food shortages, they are busy smuggling out large
quantities of maize; when they say there are shortages of petrol and oil, they
are busy organising motor races (Safari Rally); when they tell us we are over-
populated and hence no land for us, they and their foreign friends are busy
grabbing thousands of acres; when they tell us there are problems in education
and hence there are no teachers, books, equipment or enough classrooms for
rural schools, they are busy lavishing high-cost education on their children.
But when there is corruption in the importation and distribution of hospital
equipment and medical drugs such that there is no medicine for the people,
then they announce there is free medical care for all.

18



MOZANEIOQUE

ENERGY SPECIALISTS to BE TRATSED FOR WORE IN *SADCC’ COUNTRIES

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 1 May 84 p 10
[Text] In the Mahlazine zone of the nation's capital, con- .;
struction is expected to begin this year on the pernanent
Professional Training Center of EDM [Electric Power company
of Mozambique]. The project was included in the recommenda-
tions of the last meeting of the SADCC [Southern African
Development Coordination Conference], held in Lusaka, Zambia,
regarding, the training of technicians in the area of electric >
power, The Mozambican state will spend an estimated 50 million
meticals on the center, which will -be constructed in four
phases. For the acquisition of technical-instructional equip=
ment and other materials, Mozambique is relying ‘on assistance
from NORAD [Norwegian Directorate for. Development Aid] and
SIDA [Swedish International Development Authority]. It is crared
known that, to date, the Norwegian Government lias made
$1 million available to the EDM for the project.

The plan for construction of this center, where technicians will be trained

to man the substations for the SADCC meriber countries, was designed by the French
public enterprise Electricite de France. The center will be built in four phases,
and completion is expected in 1987, S : SS

he first phase will consist. in setting up a model power system for practical
training, in the Mahlazine area.

The second and third phases consist in the construction of pavillions which
will be used for basic training in electricity and pavillions where materials
will be installed for the specialized training of substation operators. . These
phases will be carried out in 1985 and 1986, respectively. .

The last phase, planned for 1927, will be devoted to the construction of playing
fields, dormitories and dining hall, and finishing work, an FD’ source reported.

Response to SADCC Prograss
The most recent meeting of the SADCC member countries, held this February “in

Lusaka, Zambia, considered, among other issues, the question of training techni-
cal cadres to work in the enerey area. Our country was given responsibility

36



The SDR will not tolerate unprovoked and naked aggression, because it is an
independent state that has the necessary capability to defend its people and
country. However, the SDR always takes into consideration international stab-
ility and peaceful coexistence among neighboring countries.

Abyssinia is not unaware of the ability and strength of the SDR Armed Forces.

cso: 3403/16

67



LK

NIGER

Energy Specialists To Be Trained for Work in 'SADCC' Countries
(NOTICIAS, 1 May 84) ...cccccsecccccccereesecceteeececesssere

FO-4 Director Discusses Reforestation Program
(Rogerio Sitoe, NOTICIAS, 26 Apr 84).......cceeeceeeceeeeeee

Commentary Stresses FPLM Role Fighting Bandits
(Maputo Domestic Service, 20 May 84)............. tee ee eens .

Rural Development Projects in Marracuene
(NOTICIAS, 27 Apr 84).....0008 cece e cence eeeeeeeeeceeeeceees

Cooperatives, Families To Benefit
Peasants Learn Agricultural Techniques

Netherlands Development Aid Outlined
(NOTICIAS, 3 May 84)....ccecceccececceeceeceees see eeceeneeee

French To Help Rebuild Maringue Health Center
(NOTICIAS, 27 Apr 84)... .ccecececccccccccceccrceeceeereeeees

Rail Traffic With Swaziland Reopened
(Jorge Costa; NOTICIAS, 2 May 84)...cccseccceccevevecs sees

Massingir Dam Floodgate Opened
(NOTICIAS, 3 May 84)......... de eeeeeeceeees ce eeceeeeceneeees

Four New Agricultural Cooperatives Created in Manica .
(NOTICIAS, 28 Apr 84)... cc cece eee e cece cece ewer ee eceeeee eeeee

Italian Technicians for Beira, Nampula
(NOTICIAS, 2 May 84)...

Zambezia Province Farm Workers Praised
(Antonio Barros; NOTICIAS, 3 May 84)....

Briefs
Netherlands Aid to Green Zones

Kountche Reviews Issues Facing Country
(Niamey Domestic Service, 18 May 84) ....ccecevcccccevcaccces

SENEGAL

Political, Ethical Analysis of Situation Given
(WAL FADJRI, 27 Apr-1 Jun 84)......... cee eeeeeee eee e eee eens
-e-

36

38

40

42

46

48

49

51

53

55

56

59

60

62


SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON CONTINUED SOVIET THREAT TO AFRICA
MB280820 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 28 May 84

[Station commentary]

[Text] It is naive to believe that the Soviet Union is raising its political
and military anchor in southern Africa and steaming off into the sunset. Cer-
tainly, the Kremlin and its proxies have suffered a few telling blows since
the beginning of the year, particularly as a consequence of the normalization
of relations between South Africa and some of her neighbors. However, an
analysis of the situation does not indicate any large-scale abdication of the
Soviets’ activities in the subcontinent.

Persistent reports in a variety of newspapers and magazines would have us
believe that the Soviet Union is disillusioned with its attempts to entrench
itself in Africa and, in particular, Southern Africa. For example, reports
from Washington claim that, following its humiliation in Grenada, from where
Soviet military advisors and Cubans were driven, Moscow is showing some cau-
tion in this part of the world, fearing a repetition of events in Grenada.
Professor (David Albright) of the Air War College in the United States writes
that the Soviet Union has realized that the price for influence in Africa is
considerably higher than it had budgeted for. Earlier this year, U.S. NEWS
AND WORLD REPORT expressed the view that Africa was beginning to turn its
back on Moscow. The reason was that an increasing number of countries were
beginning to realize that the Soviet Union has little to offer except weapons,
while these states needed butter and not bullets.

However, a thorough analysis of thes articles and reports does not enhance
confidence in their credibility. Rather, the impression is created that the
authors of these articles are attempting to write the Soviets out of the sub-
continent. There are signs of changes in the Kremlin's strategy that is
consolidating its military, economic, and diplomatic forces in order to gain
new footholds should this prove necessary. It successfully adopted the same
approach in the Horn of Africa and north Africa, where Moscow shifted her
influence from Somalia to Ethiopia and from Egypt to Libya. Reports have
been received that the Soviet Union is establishing itself in Sao Tome and
Principe, two islands on the route around Africa, and that Cuban troops--
those who are not remaining behind as Angolan citizens--are being moved to
these islands.

70



SOUTH AFRICA

OPERATIONS PROVE BASES WITHIN RSA

EA241331 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 GMT 23 May
84

[ANC program]

[Text] Compatriots, the current heroic operations by the People's Army,
Umkhonto we Sizwe, have proved one important point which the racists can
now no longer refute: the fact that our military bases are situated right
inside the country and that no accord with independent states will ever stop
our armed offensive.

Shortly after the so~called Nkomati Accord the racists were shouting at the
top of their voices, saying that the ANC was then firing (?at) its new pro-
posal, and that the accord has scared Umkhonto [words indistinct]. But the
events of the past few days have dispelled all those claims.

At the same time, there are those within the black community who are trying
to smear some members of the ANC and the People's Army, claiming that the
ANC is only interested in headline-catching operations, and that the high
command of (?Umkhonto) is just sending their militants either to the [words
indistinct].

In his reply to these slanders the president of the ANC, Comrade Oliver Tambo,
stated that the militants of the ANC are there inside the country to destroy
the enemy, and that there is nothing the ANC can do about these operations-
catching headlines. He also dismissed the slanderous campaign as a sign of
ignorance.

cso: 3400/1012

69



SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSKEI OFFICIAL URGES RELEASE OF MANDELA
MB250939 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1855 GMT 24 May 84

[Text] Umtata, 24 May, SAPA--A call for the unconditional release of ANC
leader Nelson Mandela, who is serving life imprisonment, was made in the
Transkei National Assembly in Umtata today. A ruling party member, Mr R. M.
Matutu, made the call during the debate on the foreign affairs vote and said
he challenged the prime minister, Mr P. W. Botha, to also release all politi-
cal leaders who were in South African jails.

Mr Matutu said if the South African Government was really keen on nonviolence
and the maintenance of peaceful coexistence and stability, it would have to
first release Mandela unconditionally.

"I challenge Mr P. W. Botha to convene a conference where these leaders will
participate in discussing the long overdue freedom of our brothers and sisters
in South Africa.

"If Pretoria negotiated the release of Joshua Nkomo, Ndabaningi Sithole and
others and pressurised Ian Smith to capitulate, why not release Mandela and
his political colleagues?

"Transkei has made it quite clear that it would welcome the release of that
great son of Africa and that the door is open for him to come home, but Mr Man-
dela does not want to come here because of his political convictions and

his claim to South African citizenship.

"But does that mean South Africa should force him to languish in jail for
ever? Please, Mr Botha, let Mandela choose for himself where to live; do
not make any preconditions that you will release him only when he agrees to
come to Transkei.

"Mandela is fighting for the liberation of blacks in South Africa just like
other leaders the world over," he said.

Mr Matutu said Marxist states such as Mozambique and Angola should not delude
themselves and think that South Africa wanted to be their friendly neighbor,

72



LESOTHO

JOINT COMMUNIQUE ISSUED AFTER MOROCCAN TALKS
MB291518 Mbabane THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND in English 29 May 84 pp 1, 16
[By-TIMES reporter]

[Text] High-level talks between the kingdoms of Swaziland and Morocco were
held behind closed doors at cabinet offices in Mbabane yesterday.

The discussions took more than two hours and a joint communique issued after
the talks said they were held in a friendly atmosphere and were fruitful.

The Swaziland delegations was led by the prime minister, Prince Bhekimpi. Also
in the Swaziland delegation were the minister without portfolio, Mr Mhambi
Mnisi; the minister of foreign affairs, Mr R. V. Dlamini; and the minister of
agriculture, Mr Sipho Mamba. .

The Moroccan delegation was led by the minister for external cooperation,
and King Hassan's special envoy, Mr Abdelovahed Radi. Also in-the Moroccan
delegation was the deputy minister, Mr Ahmed Rachid, and other high-ranking
officials.

The Moroccan envoy delivered a special message from King Hassan to the Queen
Regent Ntombi and stated that his visit was to strengthen the already exist-
ing bonds of friendship and mutual cooperation between the two kingdoms.

He further stated that Morocco wished to strengthen ties with Swaziland be-
cause the two countries were united by historical background as monarchies.
He said Morocco wished to play the same role in northwest Africa as Swaziland
played in Southern Africa as mediators among warring parties.

"We wish to play the same role in our region," he said. "His Majesty King
Hassan is keen to get some information about this region."

After the informal discussions, the press was asked to leave as the two par-
ties were to debate more sensitive issues.

It is speculated that the Swaziland delegation gave some information about
the position of the ANC, the land deal, other refugee issues in Southern
Africa, aftermaths of the Nkomati Accord and other peace treaties reached in
the region in recent months.

29



KENYA

POLICY, VIEWS OF OPPOSITION GROUP PUBLISHED

a PAMBANA Principles
London PAMBANA in English No 2, Jul 83 pp 1, 4
[Excerpts] From the First Issue of PAMBANA
1. Firmly opposes the robbery of our national resources and wealth by imperialist
interests be they multinational corporations, banks or foreign governments.
Kenyan wealth and labour must benefit Kenyans only.
2. Condemns in the strongest of terms the criminally corrupt and traitorous band
of thieves who govern this country and who have allied themselves with U.S.
imperialists to keep us perpetually down.

3. Is totally opposed to presence on Kenyan soil of U.S. and any other military
bases.

4. Supports all genuine, democratic and liberation movements fighting for people's
self-determination in and outside Kenya.

From the First Issue of PAMBANA

This newspaper supports all genuine Kenyan organisations and individuals, fighting
any aspect of local or imperialist reaction and in particular:

1. Small farmers and producers against government and 'cooperative' theft and
mismanagement ;

2. Workers against IMF-enforced low wages and anti-strike controls;
3. The millions of unemployed in their right to employment;

4, Small businessmen against foreign monopolies;

5. Indigenous professionals against fake expatriate "skills';

6. Teachers, students and pupils against irrelevant, authoritarian colonial
education;

15



families and friends and despite the daily spying and surveillance by the
Special Branch police. Our hope for our future lies in our history of
struggle; in our patriotism and in the unity of all the exploited and the
oppressed. PAMBANA will continue to voice the demands of all the protesting
peasants, all the striking workers, all the defiant students, indeed of all the
patriots who want to free Kenya from the Euro-American imperialist stranglehold.
PAMBANA shall live and destroy all in the way of its struggle. Victory is ours.

The fire has been lit, the oppressed will burn the enemy to ashes and we shall
march in unity singing PAMBANA! PAMBANA' PAMBANA! .

"Release Political Prisoners’
London PAMBANA in English No 1, Jun 83 p 1

[Text] The DECEMBER 12’ MOVEMENT continues to support those who stand and sacri-
fice for the Kenyan people's constitutional and democratic rights. .

We condemn in the strongest of terms the criminally corrupt, repressive and
traitorous hand of thieves who govern this country and who have allied them-
selves with the imperialists to keep the Kenyan masses perpetually down.

Their anti-people stand is clearly demonstrated by the continuing repression of
innocent Kenyans through:

1) Detension and restriction for those who speak the truth.
2) Kangaroo trials for the patriotic Kenyans.

3) Police brutality against workers, peasants and squatters.

4) Failure to prosecute corrupt government and cooperative swindlers of wananchis'

money, land and property.

5) Detaining people without even gazetting as demonstrated by the release of
the 22 on Madaraka Day.

6) Planned interference with the parliamentary and civic elections through
barring, harassing and intimidation of candidates and voters, rigging of results
and misuse of public money to plant puppet candidates of government choice.

7) Denying the workers the right of bargaining for their labour-power through
strikes or joining/forming their own trade unions; nominating the CUTU Secretary
General and planting other trade union leaders of the employers choice.

8) Sanctioning redundancies to the benefit of the foreign monopolies.

9) Establishing American military bases without the consent of the Kenyan
people or their representatives.

21



For three continuous months (August, September and October 1982), the ruling
clique and their army used guns to instil fear amongst the people. Moi's
soldiers raped our women; robbed Kenyan peasants and workers of their property;
snatched clothes, shoes, watches and radios from people travelling in 'matatus! ;
went into people's homes'and took anything they wanted from innocent and

unarmed people. They took the little that the workers had saved through sweat
and blood. Thus the army clearly showed they were the enemy of the people.

They behaved like the U.S. soldiers in Vietnam; the elders said that they behaved
like the colonial British 'johnies' during the British-imposed State of
Emergency. The army, trained and groomed by the Amercians and the British, was
mercilessly used against the people. We are totally opposed to these murderous
brutes, going under the name of Kenya Armed Forces. We oppose an ‘army which
guards the property of foreign capitalists and their comprador agents. But these
soldiers are children of peasants and workers, and so when they use force against
the people of their own class, it is like raping their own mothers.

There is no difference between the leaders of KANU and the leaders of neo-colonial
regimes like Chile, El-Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, Philippines,
Pakistan, etc. These countries have military comprador regimes created by

U.S. imperialists to perpetuate the exploitation of workers and rob the wealth

of these countries. In these countries, the struggle of peasants and workers

to bring about democracy and socialism has reached a high’stage. These people
will surely defeat the fascist foreign-supported regimes as the peoples of
Vietnam, Kampuchea and Nicaragua have done.

On August 1, 1982 the people of Kenya expressed their deep-rooted desire to change
their condition of daily oppression by their attitude to the coup attempt.
Thousands of people all over the country celebrated the announcement of the coup
because it showed that it was possible to become free from oppression by the
police, the administration, city council '‘askaris,' and the whole government
machinery administered by corrupt and unpatriotic government officials; that ©
it was possible to free themselves from the oppression of foreign lawyers,

and some Kenyan lawyers, too, who are the willing tools of the 'mbwa kali'
class. For thousands of hungry and unemployed, any change that would modify
the prevailing conditions was welcome. This explains their enthusiastic recep-
tion of the news of the August 1, attempted coup.

Military-Backed KANU Regime Intensifies Repression

The KANU government, with its army, attacked and tortured unarmed people. Thus
the government and the comprador-ruling class, exposed their true face as the
enemy of the people. The authoritarian regime of Moi must repress all opposition
with brutal force. .How shall we ever forget the threats, the harassment and the
torture against us by the Moi-Mulinge regime in 1982?

The military-backed KANU regime has continued the oppression, this time under
the guise of defending and upholding the constitution. Yet most Kenyans know
the regime has no respect even for its own laws and constitution as shown by the
kangaroo military courts, the students’ show trials and many political jailings
and detentions. Biased judgments against workers in trade union disputes with

17



The Moroccan team is expected to have explained the situation in regard to the
Polisario and other developments in northwest Africa,

The joint communique read in part: "The prime minister and the special envoy
also discusséd international affairs, particularly the situation in northwest
Africa.

"The Organisation of African Unity situation and the subject of the next OAU
summit also featured in the discussions.

"The two leaders reiterated their avowal to see closer cooperation and bonds
of friendship between the two countries, particularly in the fields of trade
and cultural promotion.

"The prime minister and special envoy declared that Swaziland and Morocco
shared a similar point of view on the wide spectrum of the subjects: dis-
cussed." :

The other members of the Moroccan delegation were: Mr Abdelaziz Bennouna
and Mr Talal Rhoufrani.

CsO: 3400/1015

30



GHANA

BRIEFS

NEWS RESOURCE CENTER--The GHANA NEWS AGENCY [GNA] has been selected by UNESCO

to act as a resource center for the West African subregion where news agency
personnel from other countries will be trained. The countries include Benin,
Gambia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo. This is part of a $2.5 million UNESCO
project aimed at upgrading news collection and dissemination in news agencies

in West Africa. This was disclosed by the UNESCO coordinator for West African
news agency development, Mr Fall, when he paid a courtesy call on the secretary
for information, Miss Joyce Aryee, in Accra today. Mr Fall is in the country

to discuss the modalities of the project and the terms of agreement. The project
is in three phases and the first phase, which is worth $10,000, will start as
soon as agreements are signed. The money has already been made available to GNA
for extension services to enable it [word indistinct] for the other countries
involved. Subsequent phases involve training and series of seminars. The first
seminar to last 6 weeks takes place in Cotonou, Benin in September. [Text]
[AB172045 Accra Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 17 May 84]

CSO: 3400/992

12



IMPRISONED ANC LEADERS--Lusaka, 25 May (AFP)--South Africa's outlawed African
National Congress (ANC) condemned the Pretoria Government Thursday for press-
ing imprisoned ANC leaders, including Nelson Mandela, to agree to conditions
for their release. The ANC statement said the South African Government had
sent leaders from its black "homelands" (areas that South Africa defines as
independent countries but which are not accepted internationally) such as
George Mantanzima, president of Transkei, and Cedric Phatudi, president of
Lebowa, to talk to the jailed ANC figures. "The racist regime hopes to
browbeat and entice the captured leaders of the people of South Africa, some
of whom have been in prison for 20 years and more, into taking positions which
would serve to perpetuate the apartheid (racial segregation) system," the
ANC said. Mr Mandela and others have reportedly been told they can go free
if they agree to live in the homelands--previously called bantustans. The
ANC said the South African regime was thereby (?trying to) "legitimize" the
homelands system and to present itself to the people of South Africa and the
rest of the world as "an agent of progressive change."[Text] [AB250740 Paris
AFP in English 0728 GMT 25 May 84]

COLORED, INDIAN CONSTITUENCIES--In Cape Town, the report on the delimitation
of constituencies for the Colored House of Representatives and the Indian
House of Delegates has been handed by the chairman of the delimitation com-
mission, Mr Justice (Hether), to the minister of internal affairs, Mr F. W.

de Klerk. Initially the commission, appointed on March 1, was to have pre-
sented its report by the middle of next month. According to the report, the
biggest concentration of voters is in the Cape Peninsula, where 20 constituen-
cies have been created for the House of Representatives. All together, there
are 60 constituencies in the Cape Province, 10 in the Transvaal, and 5 each in
Natal and the Free State. The biggest concentration of voters in Natal is

in the Durban area, where 17 constituencies have been established for the
House of Delegates. There are, all together, 29 constituencies for the House
of Delegates in Natal, 8 in the Transvaal, and 3 in the Cape. [Text] [MB301218
Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 30 May 84]

PLANS FOR BLACK DEVELOPMENT--The minister of constitutional development and
planning, Mr Chris Heunis, says it has never been the government's intention
to use the process by which black nations are led to independence as a means
of casting them into a socioeconomic and political wilderness. Speaking dur-
ing the debate on his budget vote in the House of Assembly this morning,

Mr Heunis said that the government's aim was still to find a basis on which to
plan, decide, and work on an equal footing with the black nations for the joint
security and prosperity of all. The leader of the opposition, Dr van Slabbert,
said during the debate that the government should establish a forum or advis-
ory council for all population groups so that there could be consultation be-
tween the government and the blacks. The lack of such a council was a short—
coming which had to be remedied in spite of certain positive development.

Mr Heunis said that the development of the blacks involved a comprehensive
process embracing economic, social, and constitutional facts which had to be
thoroughly coordinated. No simplistic solutions were being sought for the
constitutional development of the blacks. Mr Heunis said that the government
would not deny the independent states the right to form a federation and to
prove its viability. Mr Heunis emphasized that South Africa had not yet reached
the end of the road of constitutional change, and there were problems which

84



In December last year, Dr (Colin Vale) of the University of the Witwatersrand
remarked that the Soviet Union is busy gaining control of select states in
Africa, states whose geographical situation would promote the Soviets’ ex-
Ppansionist designs. In southern Africa, Moscow remains extremely active
diplomatically. Botswana has an exceptionally large Soviet diplomatic mission,
and sophisticated communist weapons are streaming into Zimbabwe.

Western observers believe that South Africa's agreements with Mozambique and
Angola constitute the most serious setbacks which the Soviet Union has yet
suffered in Southern Africa, and there is considerable evidence showing that
SWAPO and the ANC are fighting with their backs to the wall. However, in
many Western quarters there appears to be a reluctance to conceded the extent
of Soviet strategic involvement in regional conflicts, Southern Africa re-
mains one of the main Soviet targets, and it would be perilous for South
Africans to ignore this. :

csO: . 3400/1016

71



MOZAMBIQUE ©

ZAMBEZIA PROVINCE FARM WORKERS PRAISED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 May 84 p 3
{Article by Antonio Barros]

[Text] "On this day of festivities and reflection, we would
like to salute all the workers who, on their production fronts,
are creatively implementing the decisions of the Fourth FRELIMO
Party Congress with dedication and a high spirit of patriotism,"
said Omar Luis Francisco, member of the Central Committee and
secretary of the party provincial committee in Zambezia Province,
during a rally in Quelimane. The rally was the high point of the
celebration of the International Day of the Workers in Zambezia
Province.

In fact, in order to insure that their quotas would be met, despite the lack

of spare parts and fuel (not to mention the problems imposed by the armed bandits),
many workers, particularly farm workers in this case, manually performed various
operations which call for machinery.

Omar Luis Francisco particularly praised the agricultural enterprises of Lioma,
Gurue and Nante, which not only surpassed their production goals but were also
exemplary in enlisting the family sector in their zones of influence in the
battle against hunger and against the armed bandits.

In the rally celebrating May Day, the member of the Central Committee and secre-
tary of the party provincial committee in Zambezia praised the peasants in the
family sector, who quickly adopted the guideline of the Fourth Congress which
stresses the importance of this sector in agricultural production. Most of the
peasants met and exceeded the quotas assigned to them. Mere as well, the private
farmers have played a dedicated part in the battle against hunger.

The party official in Zambezia Province told the rally that the creation of

our well-being depends on the dedication and effort with which each of us performs.
"The production battle is not an abstract expression. Only those who produce
have the right to consume," stressed Omar Luis Francisco, appealing to the resi~
dents of Quelimane and its environs to intensify their production of vegetables.

56



Progressed satisfactory, additional finance was urgently required to implement
the project. It explained that the bulk of the work carried out between 1982
and 1983 on the project was financed by Algeria, which had also agreed to
provide an additional 500,000 dollars (about N384,000). It appealed to
member-states to contribute additional funds to facilitate completion of the
Project by 1986.

The AFMF project is a joint effort of the ECA, the OAU, the African Develop-
ment Bank, the African Centre for Monetary Studies, and the African Institute
for Economic Development and Planning.

CSO: 3400/1017



expertise in Lesotho, which might otherwise not be made available through
[word indistinct] office as principal and ward chiefs or through the elector-
al process in terms of the electoral act of 1968.

The stage has thus been set for resumption of political activity in Lesotho.
It can be argued quite persuasively that the framework has been established
for the restoration of normal political activity! Political activity has
basically never been interrupted in Lesotho's modern history, but has mani-
fested itself in abnormal and unconventional forms since 1970. It is a blot
on our history that such activity has even taken the form of illegal means
and acts of violence. It is the duty of everyone to remove that blot. It is
mot part of our personality, our traditions, and customs. ‘The criteria of
participation in the electoral process are spelled out in existing laws on a
peaceful political order in Lesotho in the 1968 electoral acts and in the
Parliament Act.

The Parliament Act allows for everyone who is a national to participate freely
in the elections. Sections 6:2, 6:4, and section 9 disqualify from the elec-
toral process only a person from the legislature who is by virtue of his own
acts under any acknowledgement of allegiance, obediance, or adherence ‘to

any foreign power or state.

The working of these sections is clear and leaves no room for ambiquity.

The kind of political activity permissible in Lesotho is by law that pre-
scribed within the perimeters of total allegiance to Lesotho. Section 6:3c¢
and 9:1c of the act also bar from membership in the legislature any person
who, under the law enforced in Lesotho, adjudged or otherwise declared to be
of unsound mind. The developing situation in Southern Africa-as it affects
Lesotho provides the most eloquent articulation of the raison d'etre for the
action of parliament in safeguarding the need for politics in Lesotho on the
premise of allegiance to the country and its best interests. .. Lesotho has
been the victim of a process of a foreign control destabilization program.
Assassinations and similar attempts on the lives of political leaders have
marred the social and political landscape of Lesotho. :

Recently, the country has witnessed the emergence of political movements
founded and directed from beyond the frontiers of Lesotho. These developments
should be a source for concern to every Mosotho., However, ‘the government,

as the right honorable prime minister has emphatically stated, will go for-
ward to ensure fair and free elections. The government will not be daunted
in its plans to afford an opportunity to the people of Lesotho ‘to elect.their
own government without intimidation from any quarter or interference by for-
eign sources. .

The agenda of ‘the elections, is the Basotho National Party government's re~
cord and not some gratuitous suggestions or spurious retoric of outsiders.
The agenda is government's record on progress, stability, development, poli-
tical, social, and economic justice for all in Lesotho.‘ It is for the people
of Lesotho to make the adjustments on these issues. Those like the so-called

27



Humiliation!

Concerning the "barons," you may hear for example, "Look at how they humili-
ated those ‘elderly men' after all that time they were in the Socialist Party."
But the "elderly men" were nonetheless aligned with the camp of those who pro-
fit from the poverty of the masses....

Disrespect for "things political" has become more pronounced, it must now be
realized. Of course, those "not interested in politics" were already growing
in numbers. Generally speaking, outside of urban areas--and perhaps beyond--
politics is viewed as a trade, an activity, a means like any other to get a
place in the sun.

The practice of politics since Carpot, Galandou Diouf, Blaise Diagne and the
last has created an entire disillustoned population who becomes involved
in "politics" only to "help" a son, a father, a mother, an uncle, a nephew
to "succeed," to "make it," and "to be helped" in return.

Circle commanders, heads of cantons are no longer present, but their mentality
is rooted in the "government mind." Thus, some "cadres" prefer being sub-
prefects, some governors prefer being prefects since their aim is to use the
political and administrative office to amass a fortune as quickly as possible
off the backs of the peasants.

This feeling of disgust is well put by Babou Toure, an old peasant from
Pouhamtock who shouted at us: "All politicians have always lied to us! Even
Mame Birame, our son! Nice words, that's all! We don't want to even hear that

word politics anymore. And anyone who has a son should not even name him
Paul.'"

A politician is automatically perceived as a crook, a cheat; as the knowledge-
able native of Saloum put it ["po-la-tigi"] (it's a real farce).

The "systems" that are built on such "politics are doomed to extinction sooner
or later."

Politicians, the backbone of these "systems," are also doomed...to leave politi-
cal life. Their act is no longer amusing; it is turning into a tragi-comedy
and the actors blame each other for the failed performance.

Curtain!

The hardship that befalls those who are removed from public life can be appre-
ciated once it is learned what youth, dignity and material possessions they
sacrificed "for the party" and today find themselves stripped of their "bene-
fits," emptied out, pushed aside. No one would have thought that it could come
to that. In "politics."

In short, what is done is done. The curtain has come down.

63



WAL FADJRI, the Islamic news publication, does not intend to open a debate on
a problem that has already been settled by the inevitable unfolding of history.

But, for our readers' information, we will publish in our next edition, a piece
written in 1959 that deals perfectly with the confused ideas that the publication
would like to have believed. Ibrahima Baay Niass' text which answers Cardinal
Lefebvre, "Africa for Africans," is poignantly current and worth more than any
analysis. Counterattack!

12413
CsO: 3419/629

65



SOMALIA

COMMENTARY WARNS ETHIOPIA ON MORE AIR RAIDS
EA292127 Mogadishu Domestic Service in Somali 1700 GMT 29 May 84

[Excerpts] The provocative and naked aggression of the Abyssinian regime has
turned the Horn of Africa into a war zone. That is the topic of our commen-
tary, written by ‘Abd ar~Rahman Shidow ‘Abdi and read by Mahmud Muhammad Jama.

Since Mengistu Haile Mariam usurped rule over Abyssinian territory, the conti-
nent of Africa, particularly the Horn of Africa, has been faced with continuous
instability and tension. This came about because of the dergue's attempt to
execute by force its provocative and bellicose policies, in particular by
increasing the massacres, oppression and pillage it unleashes on the various
communities it colonizes.

Using foreign military force, the Addis Ababa regime attempted to subdue and
harness the liberation forces fighting for their self-determination and at
the same time to obliterate all the political movements opposed to its myopic
and obdurate policies.

In the confrontation between the colonizers and the colonized, the dergue
attempted to expand towards its neighbours like Somalia and its single objec-
tive being to destroy the peace and stability of those countries and to in-
crease the confrontation in the region.

In order to cheat the people of Ethiopia, to create tension and demand the
support of the people, the regime launched a provocative and naked aggression
against the SDR [Somalia Democratic Republic]. Abyssinian attack on the SDR
was not the first and is by no means new to Africa and the world at large, but
it has been going on unabated for many years.

In this month of May alone, the Abyssinian air force has launched attacks on
several towns in the SDR. In their latest provocative attacks, the enemy
air force attacked Gaalkacyo, Baidoa, and Cabuud Waaq in Mudug, Bay and Ghel
Ghel Gudut regions respectively. The Abyssinian air force inflicted death
and injuries on the people living in those ‘towns.

66



In the last twenty years, Kenyans have experienced the worsening of their living
conditions: uncontrolled prices of commodities, bus fare and house rent,
,unemployment, etc. A few rich people have continued to occupy large tracts of
land amidst thousands of squatters, landless and unemployed. The foreign-
owned companies on their part, have thoroughly continued to exploit the
resources of our country and the sweat of the working people through under-
payment~-this in conjucture and supervision of the neo~colonial: government

of President Moi.

To protect the interests of these companies, the neo-colonial government has
allowed the presence of foreign military bases at the coast and Nanyuki-~a
danger to us Kenyans in case of a West-East military confrontation. To ensure
submission to the neo-colonial situation, the Moi government has continued to
imprison, restrict and detain without trial those who have dared to voice
opposition. And because of the worsening economic conditions and social dis-
content, it called the early general elections to hoodwink us--al election that
never allowed us to discuss the real issues facing our country, except "nyayo,"
which means "follow like sheep without question"! The fact that less than

30 of the eligible voters actually participated in the elections, clearly shows
that most of us now know for sure that no real change will ‘come out of the new
parliament--what with the election rigging and harassment of some election
candidates by the government!

_ Fellow Kenyan, whomever you are~-a worker, a policeman, a soldier, a peasant,
a student--now ask yourself where we are heading to. What will end the
misery on our land and create a future for our children? The DIM calls upon
you wherever you are--at place of work, at home, among friends--to rise to
this challenge and initiate a discussion on what concerns our lives, our
future and in general our country, in defiance of the government suppression of
our rights of free opinion.
Down With Neo-Colonialism!!
Long Live Our Freedom Fighters!!
Release All Political Prisoners!!
Away With U.S., British and All Other Foreign Military Bases!!
The Provisional Organising Committee of D.T.M.
20 October 1983.
Opposition Demands
London PAMBANA in English No 5, Dec 83 p1
{Text] Who Rules Kenya 20 Years After Independence?
As we go to press, thousands of Kenyans are without enough basic human necessities.

Thousands are unemployed and prices of essential commodities continue to rise.
So who is celebrating 20 'great' years of the so-called independence?

24



SOUTH AFRICA

TRADE OFFICIAL COMMENTS ON TALKS IN MAPUTO
MB200908 Johannesburg International Service in English 0645 GMT 19 May 84

[Text] A 17-man delegation of South African businessmen which visited Maputo
recently--and we heard about that in the news--returned after meeting top
Mozambican government officials and businessmen. The group was led by the
chief executive of the South African Foreign Trade Organization [SAFTO],

Mr Wim Holtes. He talked on his return from Maputo to Tanya Glavovic of our
economic news staff:

[Begin recording] [Holtés] We wanted to have a look at the possibilities
within the framework of a realistic approach to some of the (?relevant)
projects to rehabilitation of some of their economic activities--from factories
to fishing and from tourism to some of their mining projects--and certainly

in the area of agriculture and transport. And we looked at about 24 different
projects and programs, all reasonably modest--nothing grandiose-~-all projects
aimed at getting the economy going again. I think we were with a group of
about 14, 15 hard-nosed businessmen, who all were experts and specialists in
their fields, all representing large companies with a substantial knowledge
and experience in Africa, and I think this sort of realism was very well
received by the Mozambicans. We were impressed with their acknowledgement that
they would like to work with us in a very pragmatic fashion, and then I think
we've achieved what we set out to do--that is, a first reconnaisance, a first
survey, exploratory session. We will follow this up very soon. We will have
the first meetings next week for some of the companies. We have a number of
visitors coming to South Africa’in the next few days already, and that will--
over the next, say 6-8 weeks--we will know more or less where we are.

[Glavovic] Is there still a strong Russian presence in Mozambique, more speci-
fically in the fishing industry?

[Holtes] Oh yes, the Russians are very much in person there. They are visible
in Maputo. They are very visible not only in fishing, but in quite a number
of other areas. We have seen quite a number of products from the Comecon
countries, and they are not really the sort of products that I think have been
very helpful in some areas of Mozambique's development, and I think we can do
a damn sight better.

76



On

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

COTONOU RADIO HAILS ENTENTE COUNCIL ON ANNIVERSARY
AB301145 Cotonou Domestic Service in French 1930 GMT 29 May 84

[Excerpts] Since 20 May 1959, five countries covering an area of about 22
million square kilometers and with a total popoulation of about 24.5 million
have been maintaining a form of economic cooperation that has survived all
political ups and downs. The Entente Council [CE]--which is a pragmatic
example of an organization of consultation and solidarity and which comprises
Benin, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, and Togo--is celebrating its 25th an-
niversary today 29 May 1984. Having adopted a policy of maximum help to the
rural people, the five member states of the organization have proclaimed
1984 the year of the farmer. The five countries are to organize agricultural
competitions aimed at enhancing the importance of farm work. The event will
also be marked by the issuing of special postage stamps.

As far as the first field--the political field--is concerned, the EC's main
objective is the solution of common problems. Concerning the economic field,
its objective is to promote solidarity among the member states thanks to its
Solidarity Fund. A Mutual Aid and Guarantee Fund was created to serve as an
effective instrument for the economic development of the member countries.

The fund's capital is now 665 million CFA francs. Total contributions attained
11.14 billion CFA francs on 31 December 1983, it was specified at the

fund's headquarters. The fields of intervention of the Mutual Aid and Guaran-
tee Fund are numerous and the CE's achievements are quite remarkable. In the
agricultural field, emphasis has been placed on food production and cultiva-
tion with yoked oxen. As far as stock-breeding and water supply are concerned,
we must note the creation of the Livestock and Meat Economic Community and the
realization of 2,000 boreholes and other water supply projects in the member
states. More than 600 small-scale African enterprises have been set up and a
pragmatic policy of regionalization of the organization's training centers is
being implemented.

A number of statutory organs enable the CE to carry out its actions and imple-
ment its programs. They are the heads ofstate conference which defines the
organization's major orientation, the Mutual Aid and Loans Guarantee Fund and
the Administrative Secretariat which is in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. The sec-
retariat is in charge of implementing the economic projects of the CE whose
current chairman is the head of state President Mathieu Kerekou. It was in



SOMALIA

Commentary Warns Ethiopia on More Air Raids
(Mogadishu Domestic Service, 29 May 84)...csececceceecceceecs

SOUTH AFRICA

Commentary on Need for Joint Monitoring Commissions
(Johannesburg International Service, 22 May 84).........0+ a

Operations Prove Bases Within RSA
(Addis Ababa Radio Freedom, 23 May 84).........0. see eeneeee

Commentary on Continued Soviet Threat to Africa
(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 28 May 84).........005 oseceee

Transkei Official Urges Release of Mandela
(SAPA, 24 May 84). ..ccceccecccccececcnccecteceecs eee cece enee

Paper Sees 'Promising' Prospects for Namibia
(Editorial; SUNDAY TIMES, 20 May 84)......cecececccececcssece

Trade Official Comments on Talks in Maputo
(Johannesburg International Service, 19 May 84).....cececeuee

Transkei Foreign Minister on Black Unity, RSA
SAPA, 23 May 84)...ccccceccccecceccecccccececceccucencs seeeee

Paper Questions Support for Mozambique Resistance
(Editorial; RAND DAILY MAIL, 23 May 84)......eceececcececcece

BEELD Criticizes CP for AV Involvement
(BEELD, 16 May 84)......ececsecsececeecee Pee e eee e cece erence

Briefs
RSA-Homelands Grouping Secretariat
Viljoen on SADF Power
Imprisoned ANC Leaders
Colored, Indian Constituencies
Plans for Black Development
AV Opposes NP
Sports Protested
Objection to Boycott Threat

TOGO

Briefs
Opposition Letter

ZIMBABWE
Briefs

Expanding Rural Transport Network
Official Warns 'Troublemakers'

-d-

66

68

69

70

72

7%

76

78

79

86

87
87



GUINEA

REFLECTIONS ON EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM; REFORM ADVOCATED
Conakry HOROYA in French 26 Apr 84 p 1
[Editorial by Roger Goto Zomou: "Four Schools Worthy of Our Freedom")

[Text]\; One of the priorities of the huge task undertaken by the Military Com-
mittee of National Recovery (CMRN) is without a doubt the problem of education.
For if one examines the weighty legacy left by the late regime, he sees clearly
that in the Guinean school system everything will have to begin again from
scratch. ‘This is all the more imperative in that today the problems of our
schools and universities are the concern of every citizen who is objectively
aware that the future envisioned by the CMRN affects the youth.of Guinea,
particularly those now in school.

Can one really draw up a balance sheet, or even speak about it with the late
regime? And what a balance sheet it would be?

In 1959, there was the education reform. That was a measure that did not fail
to. attract great attention from our people, who saw in this measure a process
for decolonizing the teaching system. What a shame! The State determined
otherwise. Instead of a new school for a new type of Guinean, we saw what
amounted to the creation of a number of insane asylums for our children.
These centers, called CERs [Revolutionary Education Centers] had programs of
sham teaching aimed at making empty barrels of our children, rendering them
incapable of interpreting the language of science and culture.. Upon leaving
the university and the professional schools, these young people, deprived of
diplomas, lived in their ivory towers, where no one had any freedom to engage
in inquiring dialog.

In the name of a sledgehammer drive knowingly manipulated by a certain Social-
ist Cultural Revolution and wet off in 1968, we witnessed the appearance of
swarms of establishments without adequate framework, in which the offspring of
farmers, workers, soldiers, all those elements not belonging to the great family
(the family of the barons of the regime, of course!) had no access to higher
studies. What an injustice! Whereas in all the windows of the world, people
were putting up notice that in Guinea education was succeeding and that a new
man, rich in wisdom and knowledge, had been born with all the opportunities

to conquer his future.

13



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

ECONOMIST VIEWS .PROJECTED AFRICAN MONETARY FUND
AB281440 Lagos NAN in English 1236 GMT 28 May 84

[Text] Addis Ababa, 28 May (NAN)--The proposed African Monetary Fund [AFMF],
expected to commence operations in-July 1986, will act as a buffer between
African states and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the executive
secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Prof Adegayo Adedeji,
said yesterday.

The told the East Africa correspondent of. the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN)

in Addis Ababa, that because there had been no such buffer arrangement, every
African state which needed foreign-exchange support had to go through the IMF
with no second option. ."It is our hope that the African Monetary Fund provides
that second option," Prof Adedeji said.

He said that many African countries had complained about the stiffness of IMF
conditions, adding that it made the promotion of long-term economic develop-
ment very difficult with serious social and political consequences. "If we
are ever going to have an African economic community established, we will
have to find ways and means of harmonizing the variety of currencies that

we have in Africa to bring about free exchange of these currencies," he said.

Toward that goal, Prof Adedeji said that the ECA had already set up payment
systems for the West African and Central African sub-regions, and was in the
process of setting up similar payment systems for eastern and southern Africa.
He said that the AFMF would "bring them together on an all-African basis,"
and tackle the problem of non-convertibility of African currencies, which were
tied to foreign currencies like the dollar, the pound, or the French franc.

In a progress report on the fund, submitted to the on-going conference of min-
isters of finance in Addis Ababa, the ECA said that governors of central banks
would be convened in March next year to adopt and sign the articles of agree-
ment setting up the AFMF. 7

Member-states are expected to ratify the articles of agreement between July and
November next year and possibly bring the agreement into force by Decmeber 1985.
The report stated that although plans toward the establishment of AFMF had



still had to be solved. Negotiations were being held with the independent
and national states through the special cabinet committee. From there they
would be extended to other community leaders. [Text] [MB251953 Johannesburg
Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 25 May 84]

AV OPPOSES NP--Less than 2 weeks ago they met under the banner of "culture"

in the Skilpadsaal [Skilpad Hall] in Pretoria. The night before last, they

met in a hall in Potgietersrus to support Jan Homan, the Conservative Party [PC]
candidate. This is how the Herstigte Nasionale Party [HNP] and the CP change
banners to suit the occasion, but whether it is "cultural" or political, the
faces and the words remain the same. At Potgietersus, there were no Afrikaner
Weerstandsebewiging [AWB] colors and supporters openly carrying pistols, but
this third component of the Afrikanervoklswag [AV] [Afrikaner Cultural
Organization of Politically Rightwing Groups] was not forgotten. Mr Homan

said that Little Terblanche, Mr Eugene Terre'Blanche of the AWB, "leans
beautifully to the right" and Homan prefers him to the Reverend Alan Hendrickse.
He also regards the founding of the AV as a sign that Afrikanerdom is once

more on the march. On the march against whom? Apparently against the National
Party [NP] because as time elapses after the Skilpadsaal hysteria, it becomes
clear that the forces opposing each other are the NP and the AV. The AV's
cultural disguise is getting smaller, as predicted at the beginning, and its
political involvement, clearer. [Editotial] [Text] [MB231518 Johannesburg BEELD

in Afrikaans 17 May 84 p 14]

SPORTS PROTESTED--South Africa's ambassador to the United Nations, Mr Kurt von
Schirnding, has formally objected to the Secretariat of the United Nations about
the twisting of facts regarding South Africa. Radio RSA's correspondent at

the United Nations said the Secretariat had published an article in its
internal mouthpiece, called SECRETARIAT NEWS, which created a one-sided
impression. Mr von Schirnding said it was appalling that the Secretariat had
published the article which was blatant interference in the affairs of a
member country and more proof of the lack of impartiality among certain
elements of the Secretariat. The article said that South Africa was misleading
the world regarding the elimination of discrimination and progress in the

field of sport. [Text] [MB181236 Johannesburg International Service in English
1630 GMI 18 May 84]

OBJECTION TO BOYCOTT THREAT--Conservative Party [CP] leader Dr Andries
Treurnicht has strongly objected to Lebowa Chief Minister Dr Cedric Phatudi's
meddling in the forthcoming Potgietersrus byelection. Speaking in Parliament
in the debate on the constitutional development and pbanning budget vote,

Dr Treurnicht referred to Dr Phatudi's alleged threat that he will organize

a black consumer's boycott if the CP wins the byelection. Dr Phatudi said
that he will "cripple" trade in the white towns adjacent to Lebowa by organ-
izing such a black consumers’ boycott. Dr Treurnicht said that Dr Phatudi
should accept independence for Lebowa. He suggested that the government send
this message to him by telegram. If he does not accept independence, he must
not make claims to any rights in the white political order. The CP leader
said he wonders why Dr Phatudi supports the National Party. Dr Treurnicht
warned: Today he threatens the CP, tomorrow the government. [Text] [MB292018
Pretoria DIE TRANSVALER in Afrikaans 24 May 84 p 8]

85

cso: 3401/77



SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSKEI FOREIGN MINISTER ON BLACK UNITY, RSA
MB231846 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1813 GMI 23 May 84

[Text] Umtata, 23 May (SAPA)--The Transkei had responded to the universal call
for black unity by participating in the foundation of a South African Federal
Unity and associating herself with that organisation's declaration of intent,
the minister of foreign affairs, Mr Mtutuzeli Lujabe, said in Umtata today.

Delivering his policy’ speech in the National Assembly, Mr Lujabe said Transkei,
Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei, and the frontline states shared a common historical
background, identical problems in the regional context and a common destiny.

"That destiny is linked to the liquidation of racism and apartheid, and the
liberation of millions of blacks in South Africa itself. Our political
sovereignties cannot survive in a region that is dominated by a racist military

power.

"In seeking peaceful coexistence with South Africa we all have a joint responsi-
bility to pressurise, negotiate, and coerce through peaceful means for the
democratisation of the South African society and the ultimate emancipation of
the blacks from white oppression and the whites from racial prejudice.

"We cannot succeed in bridging the gap dividing white from black while we are
ourselves divided by fancy ideological cliches and artificial, irrational
political boundaries which diminish in the face of the economic realities of
the region.

The unity that we endeavour to build should transcend traditional political
divisions within South Africa and bring together the whole mosaic of multi-
ferrous political, religious and cultural groups.

"Qur commitment to the unity effort in the southern African scenario is not a
negation of our own political autonomy and our responsibilities to the people
of the Transkeian political entity."

"The time was long overdue," he said, "for the country to understand the need for
a Foreign Affairs Department whose primary function would be to venture into an

inhospitable world."

“We should now urgently look into the possibility of opening more offices in
various strategic entres in the world from where we can disseminate our informa-—
tion, and lobby with businessmen and opinion moulders.

"No effort or money should be spared in our crusade to structure a new South

Africa and in putting Transkei in its proper perspective at home and abroad," he
said.

cso: 3400/991 78



SOUTH AFRICA

BEELD CRITICIZES CP FOR AV INVOLVEMENT
MB231701 Johannesburg BEELD in Afrikaans 16 May 84 p 8

["From My Political Pen!! column by Dawie: "CP's Are Running Like Rabbits
Across the Field"]

[Text] Certainly the most cynical reaction of Dr Andries Treurnicht and his
Conservative Party [CP] has been forthem to pretend innocence now that the
rightist "happening" in the Skilpadsaal [Skilpad Hall] has been so roundly
condemned countrywide. They say they are, of course, innocent and aggrieved
and please do not blame them for the militaristic threats and other emotional
outrages which took place there.

And what abominable injustice it is that their politics should be held against
them when all they did was to lend a hand in the field of culture. Is it not
scandalous intolerance towards them when the implications of their deeds are
exposed and people warned against them! Can one not differ from the National
Party politically?

These are excuses that hold no substance and will not alter the fact that the
far-right are on the run like rabbits across a bare field.

The mask has finally been torn off and the public will never forget what they
have seen. It was a face that shook them to their toes, and for which the
public will keep them on the run because it believes in mutual responsibility.
After all, it is no secret that the CP has been hobnobbing with the Herstigte
Nasinole Party and the Afrikaner Weerstandbeweging, and in concert with them
arranged the so-called National Congress. They were in no doubt of these
people and their sentiments. And despite the crass outbursts and the militant
war cries and the Hitler symbols, they went along with these elements and
formed a new organization.

What's more, Dr Treurnicht and Dr Carel Boshoff were visibly enjoying them-
selves in the extremist atmosphere that prevailed. Nor were they slow in doing
their share to heighten the emotions. Now that they realize what the public
thinks of that, they are trying to retreat. What impression does it create
when one first joins in lustily, then later declares innocence and lays the
blame on others? For them now to plead for tolerance in order to avoid further
assaults is too absurd for words. Is the Afrikaner supposed to observe all

the danger signs thrown up at Skilpadsaal without lifting a finger to do
something about it?

81



Thus for as long as a government is capitalist and in the service of Euro-
American imperialism, there cannot be equality between the rich and the poor

in housing, education, health and in all other amenities. The equality preached
by KANU is only in words at public meetings; in the Voice of Kenya news bulletins,
in the KENYA TIMES and in KENYA LEO. But the way we live is completely different
from what they say and write about us. The poor still go hungry. Pastoralists
still suffer from hunger. Most school leavers are unemployed. Inequalities

can never be eliminated unless the structure of society is completely changed.

Economy in a Shambles

For over a year now, economic conditions for the majority of Kenyans have
drastically deteriorated and yet big cars like Volvo, BMW and Mercedes and other
luxury items continue to be imported by the comprador ruling class. The
comprador and their imperialist friends take away our hard earned foreign
exchange. Whatever is left by multinationals ‘after pocketing large profits is
quickly taken out of the country into foreign banks.

Multinationals, the World Bank and the IMF now plan the ‘development’ of our
country. But their main objective is their own interests, not ours. Multi-
nationals raise the prices of essential commodities at will, and so while their
annual profits rocket, real wages plummet. The regime keeps on importing more
and more expatriates as part of the 'aid' package deals to come and ‘develop us'
even as it jails very highly qualified Kenyans. Our country has now in effect
been mortgaged to foreign creditors.

In 1981, our national debt to Europe and the U.S. amounted to KShs.20,525,000,000
(approx. US$2,052,500,000) which is roughly equal to KShs.2,032 (approx.
US$203.2) per every Kenyan man, woman and child. Today we have difficulties in
repaying this debt. Although the debt was incurred by the comprador to buy
themselves a life of luxury, it will have to be repaid by the children of workers
and peasants and all wage-earning Kenyans.

History of Resistance

In spite of oppression, brutality, torture, threats, intensified spying and
surveillance by government agents, the peasants, workers, students and all
patriotic Kenyans ‘continue to oppose and fight oppression and all forms of
exploitation. This is because Kenyan people are courageous and their history ,
is one of heroic struggle against oppression.

Even though we were few at the time of British colonialism and we did not have
much experience in fighting, we still fought the colonialists. _We ‘took up arms
when we realised that the enemy could only be driven out through the armed
struggle. Many battles at different times were fought by different Kenyan
nationalities against the colonialists. The workers’ movement was at the fore-
front in the struggle against colonialism. All these culminated in the Kenya
Land and Freedom Army (KLFA) or Mau Mau armed struggle against British colonial
forces. Even after 1958, many groups and revolutionary youth used underground
newspapers to educate and mobilise the masses all over the country.

19



201177
JPRS-SSA-84-065

7 June

1984

[= BrATEMen? § 3

Bpproved tor public reieasaj :
2: Dimribnucn Unlimited @

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

FBIS

19980319 126 |

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

REPRODUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL

INFORMATION SERVICE
US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161

>



The simple truth is that an attempt was made at Skilpadsaal to fuse all the
extreme right elements into one organization. For what purpose? To wreck
the political development in the country, and nothing else. Not a single
cultural aim has yet been formulated. The intention was to sink the new
constitution. The "yes" vote of over 1.3 million voters (they have, in the
meantime, become more) was to be neutralized.

The germ which led to the formation of the AV can be traced back to the defeat
of the far-right in the referendum. At the time, the rightwing and the
Progressives were handed the biggest defeat ever delivered at the polls of
South Africa. The CP and their rightist soul brothers could not accept this.
They are still out to divide and block the national will which was so massively
expressed, This is why they joined battle against their fellow Afrikaners.
Because they could not achieve a thing in the political field, they decided

to reach their political goal through the Afrikaner's cultural identity.

Now they have suddenly become the Afrikaner's guardians, intent to infiltrating
and taking over Afrikaner institutions by any means possible or replacing them
with something else. It has become an onslaught aimed at the good Afrikanership
of their fellow Afrikaners, and fed by further arousing suspicion against

all who desire a new dispensation in this country.

Is there any alternative for those members of the Afrikaner nation who are
concerned about the future than to fight this onslaught with power and
determination.

cso: 3401/76

82



MOZAMBIQUE

RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS IN MARRACUENE
Cooperatives, Families to Benefit
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Apr 84 p 8

[Text] The Marracuene Agricultural Enterprise [EAM].will execute a rural
development project from which the area's cooperative and family sectors will
benefit. NOTICIAS was told by the director of that state sector, Ernesto
Perdigao, that it consists of the introduction of improved techniques for
the peasants' farming activity.

The first phase of the project, backed by Scandinavian countries, began recently
with a training course in basic agricultural subjects for some peasants from
the two sectors.

Our reporter learned from agronomical engineers who have been directing the
classes that the course includes the topics of irrigation and drainage, as
well as techniques for seed growing and tree planting.

As director Ernesto Perdigao explained, these peasants will have as their
main responsibility the recruitment of others, to use improved techniques for
farming activity, with a view toward achieving better production results.

Rural Extension Stations in the Localities

The rural development project devised by that enterprise calls for the estab-
lishment, in four localities of the district, of an equal number of rural exten-
sion stations, from which the recruiters will depart to engage in their work
with the population.

The four localities will be divided into subzones, so as to allow for greater
coverage of all the inhabited areas in which the peasants are consequently
engaged in farming activities.

The assignment of the recruiters will be based on the number of families
residing in each zone.



TELECOMMUNICATIONS AGREEMENT WITH DPRX--Madagascar and the DPRK signed a
cooperation agreement yesterday afternoon at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
This agreement was the 14th Korean-Malagasy agreement in 10 years in the

field of posts and telecommunications. It was signed by Korean ambassador to
Madagascar Kim In-ho and Mr (Maurice Ramananjaka), secretary general of the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The two officials hailed the excellent relations
of friendship and cooperation between the two countries, the two peoples, and
their leaders. The DPRK is always eager to promote and improve relations among
men and this ceremony once again enables us to reaffirm our total and unflinch-
ing support for the struggle for the peaceful and independent reunification

of the Korean nation. In reply, the Korean ambassador stressed that posts and
telecommunication are very important to any nation and the DPRK has become

a modern and scientific example in this field, he said. [Text] » [MB261048
Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 0430 GMT. 24 May 84]

Cso: 3419/674



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

NKOMATI ACCORD--The OAU Liberation Committee executive secretary, Ndugu Hashim
Mbita, has insisted that the signing of the Nkomati accord on nonaggression
between Mozambique and racist South Africa would not hinder the liberation
struggle in the area. Ndugu Mbita was responding to an interview in

Dar es Salaam last night by Nigerian newsmen after a dinner party hosted by
the foreign minister, Ndugu Benjamin Mkapa, for the visiting Nigerian external
affairs minister, Dr Ibrahim Gambari. The newsmen wanted to know if the OAU
Liberation Committee considered the signing of the Nkomati accord as a setback
to the liberation struggle in South Africa as the liberation movements would
no longer be having their military bases in Mozambique. However, Ndugu Mbita
said it was not within the OAU policy for the liberation movements to have their
military bases in any sovereign state. [Text] [EA211233 Dar es Salaam External
Service in English 1000 GMT 21 May 84]

DEVELOPMENT BANK AGREEMENT FAILS--The second meeting of the intergovernmental
team of experts from Preferential Trade Area, PTA, countries failed to agree
on recommendations regarding a development and trade bank for the region, when
it ended in Lusaka last night. According to a report adopted at the end of
the 2-day meeting of experts on trade, finance, and planning, central and
development banking delegates could not agree on the key issue of whether the
proposed bank should be set up anew, or by transforming the Kampala-based

East African Development Bank. Also, delegates could not agree with recommen—
dations by a study team that initial capital for the project should be 440
million dollars. The meeting will recommend to the minister that a revised
study to be completed by 30 September, and that an extraordinary meeting of
ministers, proceeded by a meeting of experts, be held not later than 15 Novem-
ber. Commerce And Industry Minister of State Richard Zimba called for a quick
establishment of the bank to mitigate the adverse effects of inflation and
high interest rates on international money markets when he opened the meeting
on Monday. [Text] [MB310827 Lusaka Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT

31 May 84]



MOZAMBIQUE,

ITALTAN TECHNICIANS FOR BRIRA, NANPULA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 May 84 p &

{Text ] Italian technicians are due to arrive soon in
Mozambique to work with health personnel in the regional
laboratories for food and water inspection and hygiene in
Sofala and Nampula provinces. Italy may also donate

$7 million to our country for the purchase of medicines.

NOTICIAS learned from Jorge Tomo, of the International Cooperation Departwent
of the Health Ministry, that Italy is sending the technicians within the frame-
work of cooperation between our two countries. This action was taken up in

a meeting of the Nozanmbican-Italian Joint Commission in 1983,

the Italiantechnicianus, who will he working in the regional laboratories for
food and water inspection and hygiene in Sofala and Nampula provinces, will
mainly be providing technical assistance.

According to Jorge Tomo, the Italians will concentrate primarily on personnel
training and on the inaintenance of medical and surgical equipment.

"The cooperation protocol signed between Italy and Mozambique in 1983 had, as
basic and extremely important items, technical assistance at all levels, including
the rural area, and the conduct of activities at the Laboratory for Food and
Water Inspection and fygiene at the Central Hospital of Maputo," he said.

Tomo added that Italy will donate $1 million to our country for the acquistion
of medicines.

"Following the appeal launched by our government because of the natural disasters
(drought and floods), Italy was one of the first countries to contribute various
kinds of goods for our disaster victims. Among its various donations to our
country, Italy provided Mozambique with foodstuffs, medicines, tents and so
on," Jorge Tomo reported.

The flealth Ministry official also noted the participation of nongovernmental

Italian organizatiais in the health field, including the COSV (an Italian organization
which is playing a part in the project for the School of Photographic Training,
recently inaugurated in Maputo).

6362
CSO: 3442/366 55



MOZANBIOUR

To-% DIRECTOR DISCUSSES REFORFSTATION PROGRAY
Maputo YOTICTAS in Portuguese 2G Apr 2&4 p 2
[Article by Rogerio Sitoe, Sofala bureau]

[text] . Project To-4, for the reforestation of about 26,000
hectares with eucalyptus and various other specics of trees
in the region between Pondo and Muanza, Sofala Trovinee,
planted over 510 hectares in eucalyptus during the most recent
campaign, thus exceeding the initial goal ‘of 500 hectares,
NOTICIAS learned from Inacio Abreu, director of the project.
“ith this additional planting, it is estimated that over
‘ 1 thousand hectares have already been reforested in the zones
of Tnhamizua and Milha 8, where the project is conce: trating,
its initial attention. The 1983/1984 campaign ended in March.

Although the planting schedule for this year was sonewhat affected by such factors
as the irregular rainfall, with little rain at the beginning of the campaign,
project director Inacio Abreu feels the 1983/1984 campaign can be considered
quite successful.

Project F0-4 is registering gradual but very visible expansion, not only from

an organizational standpoint in that, with the current cam ign, it has effectively
become an enterprise and not just a project, but also because the reforestation

is beginning to have a palpable social effect on the daily life of the population.

Actually, as the project administrators themselves a fue, while the purpose

of the project was to renéw these natural resources for the production of char-
coal ant building lumber, one cannot disregard the social benefits and the needs
that will be met as the project grows. .

Thus, noticeably at the heginning of 1983, houses were being built near or even
next to the areas of Milha 8 and even in Tnhamizua,both by workers employed
on the project and even by individual families.

Since then, Project F0-4, which is minimally equipped to support the agricultural
sector, has also been providing aid--although it is not yet very offective--to

the family and private sector, in cooperation with the administrative structures
of Tondo District.

38



SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER QUESTIONS SUPPORT FOR MOZAMBIQUE RESISTANCE
MB231223 Johannesburg RAND DAILY MAIL in English 23 May 84 p 10
[Editorial: “Alarm Over the MNR"]

[fext] Everyone knows that the Mozambique National Resistance Movement (MNR)
exists and that its purpose is to seek to overthrow the Government of
Mozambique. But there is a great unknown beyond this basic point, with scanty
information mixed with logical deductions -- and a wealth of speculation and
guessing.

It is known that the MNR began when Zimbabwe was still Rhodesia. It is thought
it had a base or bases as well as a radio station. It is whispered that, when
majority rule came, the MNR moved south. There was that curious occurrence in
which a leader of the MNR was murdered near Pretoria. And there has been a
stream of accusations from the Mozambique Government that the MNR operates from
South Africa.

That the MNR had a presence in South Africa must be beyond doubt. It was
generally accepted by commemtators throughout last year and early this year

as a major factor in Pretoria's destabilisation activities in the subcontinent,
and as one of the specific measures of applying pressure to the Mozambique
Government to desist from giving aid to the African National Congress.

All this was widely held to have resulted in the success of achieving the
Nkomati Accord. Indeed the South African Government's pledge in the accord
not to allow a platform for violence against Mozambique implicitly acknowledged
an involvement with the MNR,

Two questions recur: How substantial has the MNR's presence in South Africa
been? And, is it still with us?

The matter is of concern because of the nature of the MNR's actions inside
Mozambique. Whatever its political ideology--and, interestingly, little
appears about this--its terrorism has never been disputed. It has come to be
characterised by events like the Christmas Day massacre of more than 40 bus
passengers, the shooting up of a passenger train a few weeks ago, and a
remorseless flow of killings, rapes and kidnappings.

79



LESOTHO

STAGE SET FOR RESUMPTION OF POLITICAL RIGHTS
MB291045 Maseru Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 28 May 84
[Station commentary]

[Text] The National Assembly has for some time been seized with the question
of the restoration of basic political rights in Lesotho following the annul-
ment of the results of the abortive general elections in 1970. The right
honorable prime minister has consistently urged the National Assembly and
other political leaders to join the government in efforts to reestablish a
democratic order’ in Lesotho.

The search for both formulae and modus vivendi for restoring this principal
tenet in Lesotho's political fabric, the right to elect a government on the
basis of free elections and unfettered political activity, has been a long
and arduous one. It has. involved spokesman of all political shades and ‘has
embraced all sectors of influence and interest groups in the nation.

The debates on the issues involved have. been difficult and it must candidly
be stated that some contributions have not been positive. However, a concen-
sus has now emerged and is embodied in Act No 5 of 1983, which is the parlia-~
ment act. The act is essentially a restatement of the democratic political
traditions and customs of Basotho and provides for a freely-elected government
responsive to wishes of the Basotho as expressed in the due process of poli-
tical activity--support of the membership and political parties, and the
exercise of political rights of the ballot box. The Parliament Act provides
for a bicameral legislature comprising his majesty the king, the’ senate,

and the National Assembly.

The senate, as indicated in section 4:1, shall consist of 22 principal and
ward chiefs, and 8 other senators appointed by his majesty. .In terms of sec-
tion 5:1, the National Assembly will comprise 60 elected members and a maximum
of 20 additional members apointed by his majesty on the advice of the prime
minister, who will be the leader of the political party that wins the elec-

tions.

The principles underlying the concept of nomination to parliament are aimed
at affording the legislature the widest spectrum of political opinion and

26



Program Is Part of the MONAPO. Project

The project for development of that district's rural area, which will also take
in the private sector, is included in the MONAPO Project, the initial attention
of which is aimed at the growth of the enterprise itself.

As the enterprise director explained, its initial phases have been directed
toward the pooling of efforts to provide it with human and material resources,
so as to give a response to the production programs established for the sector.

Also in connection with the work to be done by the recruiters among the popu-
lace, we were told that it would be concentrated mainly on sounding out the
methods used by the peasants in farming activity, and, on the basis of this
information, programs will be devised to introduce improved techniques into
production.

According to the EAM official, this work will also entail taking stock of the
material resources that will be needed to carry out the work.

Ernesto Perdigao also remarked: "At the present time, contacts are under way
with the Ministry of Agriculture and the governments of the Scandinavian coun-
tries, to establish the activities to be accomplished."

Response to the Fourth Congress Instructions

The initiative taken by the Marracuene Agricultural Enterprise responds to one
of the main discussions on the part of the top-ranking organ of the FRELIMO
Party, associated with combating hunger.

One of the courses of action cited by the FRELIMO Party's Fourth Congress was
the one linked to the need to provide the peasant with basic information on
agricultural techniques.

From this standpoint, and based on the influence that the peasants’ production
has on the national supply and economy, EAM started training the peasants,
through its sector for association with the family and cooperative sectors.

Peasants Learn Agricultural Techniques
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portguese 27 Apr 84 p 2

[Text] Last Saturday, 41 peasants from various sections of the district of
Marracuene, in Maputo, and workers from the same district's Agricultural Enter-
prise, completed a basic training course in agricultural techniques. According
to information obtained on the site by our reporter, the newly trained persons
will be assigned to various localities in that district and their chief mission
will be to back the peasants in agricultural production.

By holding this course, which lasts 15 days, the attempt was to provide
the peasants with basic information on farming techniques; because, as the

43



Today in 1983, Kenya does not have the control of our economy and therefore
cannot determine the prices of Omo, Unga, cooking fat, etc. Recently, when
the government lowered the prices of soaps and detergents, etc., it was forced
to raise them even higher by foreign manufacturers-Uniliver-under the guise
of East African Industries. Great numbers of workers have been recently
declared. redundant in a move to force the government’ to give extreme conces-
sions (repatriation of profits, export compensation, etc.) to these foreign
companies. The concessions were granted. The government has used the police
to ruthlessly suppress, by brutal force, the poor peasants and workers when
they demand for their democratic rights. All these should not have been so with
true independence.

Doubtlessly, then, 20 years after uhuru, the government is just an arm, an
overseer of foreign interests, with no real power. The government has even
illegally allowed the physical presence of these powers by way of military

bases on our soil. ‘

What, then, is to be done? In the past, patriotic Kenyans have taken arms
against British imperialism. In other countries--Nicaragua, El-Salvador, Panama,
Namibia, South Africa and elsewhere--people have organised to fight and destroy
imperialism which is led by the United States,

Similarly, the December 12 Movement is an anti-imperialist united front to fight
the enemies of the Kenyan people (in foreign forces and their local allies) until
they are destroyed. , All patriotic Kenyans should participate in and contribute
to this just struggle for the restoration of respect and dignity of our country.
We demand the immediate:

1. release of all political prisoners and detainees,

2. withdrawal of death sentences passed on K.A.F. personnel,

3. withdrawal of all foreign military forces from our soil.

We warn that if these demands are not met, there may be further violence and
sooner or later an armed resistance from our people against imperialism and

its local puppet government.

Down With Neo-Colonialism!!

Long Live Democracy!

The Struggle Continues!

Press release by the Provisional Organising Committee of the December 12 Movement

Circulate the document as widely as possible.

CsO: 3400/986

25



SENEGAL

POLITICAL, ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF SITUATION GIVEN
Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 27 Apr-1 Jun 84 pp 8-9
[Article by L. G.: "Politics and Ethics"] ,

{Text] It may as well be said now that sensation-seekers
will be disappointed: WAL FADJRI, a publication that in-
forms and instructs, looks at what happened in the parlia-
mentary institution in order to analyze in greater depth
the "political reality."

Today, we observe, at all levels, the masses' distrust of the policies of those
in power, but we also observe that this precise "moment," the removal of Habib
Thiam, number 2 man in the government, has raised strong feelings among the
masses.

What a paradox, say observers who do not understand the sociology of Senegalese
politics!

Neither Habib Thiam, nor the "barons" removed from political life had raised
any sincere support within the people.

Neither Habib Thiam, nor the "barons" attract us politically, but the way in
which they were disposed of runs counter to the fundamental Islamic values
deeply held by our people: friendship, faithfulness, and scrupulousness.

We thought that period of the past was over. Worse--before, removals from of-
fice, separations and even betrayals were done more elegantly, more subtly!
That which political scientists call "the average Senegalese" and which is in
fact the people, lacks everything but a memory. And this people still has a
vivid picture of a Habib Thiam, who traveled all over the country with his
slogans, a man who devoted himself entirely to his friend, and the young sons
bearing the illustrious names attest to the deep ties that "politics" were not
to sever!

This is one dimension of the African "political reality" that is overlooked or
scorned by many intellectuals who harbor something of a Machiavelli inside
then.

62



this position that our great comrade~in-arms, President Mathieu Kerekou,
addressed a message to the peoples and states of the CE on the occasion of its
25th anniverary. In his message, which was broadcast in all the five member
countries, President Kerekou emphasized the solid maturity attained in all
fields by the organization.

[Begin Kerekou recording] Having since its creation adopted the principles

of entente, tolerance, conciliation, mutual respect for sovereignty, mutual
advantage, and national dignity, the CE--which is a privileged forum for
discussions among the heads of state of the member countries--has proved to

be an effective instrument of solidarity and economic and social cooperation
in our subregion. The CE, which is older than all the African regional and
subregional organizations, has acquired in 25 years a great and rich experience
and a solid maturity in all fields and this enables it to play fully its determ-
inant role in the economic and social development of the five member countries
which are Ivory Coast, Upper Volta, Niger, Togo, and Benin. The CE--which
concretely and correctly defines the true economic and social development

needs of our states--has always victoriously overcome all the difficulties
pertaining to the life of a common organization and chosen objectives in
conformity with our peoples' deep and legitimate aspirations.

(?Aware) of the new and complex economic and social development problems
that were already facing our young nations, the heads of state, moved by
their spirit of solidarity, undertook sustained actions in the economic and
social fields and began by creating a Solidarity Fund in May 1959. In 1966,
this fund was replaced by a more operational financial organization known as
Mutual Aid and Loans Guarantee Fund. Apart from its traditional fields of
intervention, the fund can give--in the name of solidarity--a financial aid
to any state regardless of whether it is a member or nonmember of the organ-
ization after taking into account the nature and magnitude of the state's
needs or the damages it has suffered. For example, we will mention only the
two most recent interventions of the fund on the occasion of the expulsion
of citizens of the CE member states from Nigeria in February 1983 because
they were living there illegally and also on the occasion of the 1983 earth-
quake in Guinea.

The CE heads of state, who are always concerned about the well-being of their
peoples, declared 1984 the year of the farmer during their meeting in Yamous-
soukro on 28 November i983. In this connection, the agriculture ministers of
the member states have been asked to organize an agricultural competition as
part of the official activities that will mark the organization's 25th anni-
versary. National prizes amounting to 150 million CFA francs for the five
states will be provided for this competition. This clearly means that since
the CE heads of state's major concern is the rural world, it is normal that
a special effort should be made in its favor. [End recording]

CSO: 3419/674



7. Committed intellectuals and journalists against official muzzling;
8. The poor and the landless in their demands for land reform;

9. All poor people against ever-increasing rents, prices and declining
real incomes; .

10. The entire dispossessed population against a corrupt puppet government
and its ever-repressive police rule.

Editorial on ‘Struggle’
London PAMBANA in English No 2, Jul 83 pp 1, 2
[Editorial: "Kenya: The Struggle Continues"]

[Text] PAMBANA Stands for Unity

When the first issue of PAMBANA came out in May 1982, the people of Kenya and

all freedom-loving people of the world received it with great joy. It filled
Kenyans with hope and great expectations. It made them see that it was possible
to change the prevailing oppressive conditions and create a better life for all
Kenyans. This is what they had always looked forward to--an organ which would
unite the poor and the exploited against the Kenyan ruling class and their foreign
masters. Such a unity is what PAMBANA stands for.

PAMBANA united the poor and all those who love freedom and democracy; it united
the workers and peasants all over Kenya; it united all the patriots in the civil
service, the police and the army; it united students, ‘teachers, lawyers, journalists,
doctors, nurses, secretaries, mechanics, shop assistants and office workers.

They all hailed PAMBANA's call for a relentless struggle against imperialism.

KANU in the Service of Euro-American Imperialism

Here in Kenya, the oppression of people is systematically doné on behalf of Euro-~
American imperialists by the KANU-led ruling class. The imperialists milk our
country dry while their watchdogs, the KANU-led regime rule over us like gods.
These "gods" felt threatened by the unity and conscioushess created by PAMBANA.
They responded by detentions without trial, imprisonment on trumped-up charges
and indiscriminate torture of Kenyans. Anyone who dared to speak for democracy
and constitutional rights was thrown into detention. Journalists, teachers,
lawyers, workers, students, peasants were harassed mercilessly. They underwent
brutal police interrogations. They were put into custody and prison because
they dared to demand their democratic rights; they dared oppose a one-party
dictatorship and what is more they dared oppose the granting of military bases
to the United States of America.

The Kenyan comprador ruling clique cunningly exploited the attempted coup of
August 1, 1982 to kill thousands of innocent people, especially our young
patriotic Kenyans, and to cow people into accepting the regime's murderous rule.
The regime used the occasion to silence the voices of patriotic youth who
sincerely believed in changes that would lead to democracy and socialism.

16



If we are involved in helping the MNR then we are stained by these deeds. Not
only would that be morally wrong, but it also undermines the government's
repeated stand, on principle, against terrorism of any kind anywhere in the
world.

As we reported yesterday, Mozambique leaders now declare that not only is MNR
violence continuing, but they believe the organisation continues to enjoy
support from "certain elements" in the South African military.

In the nature of things we can have no idea whether any reality attaches to
this claim. But surely it is time for the government to tell us more about
the nature and scope of the relationship, if any, with the MNR. More than
enough is known, and even more suspected, to justify a sense of alarm and
a demand for information.

cso: 3400/991

80



MOZAMBIQUE

FOUR NEW AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES CREATED IN MANICA
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 28 Apr 84 p 2

[Text] Four new agricultural production cooperatives have been created in Manica
District, as part of the program to enlist the population in organized modes

of work and living. In addition to these four new agricultural cooperatives

in that district, three blacksmiths cooperatives have been created, within the
framework of the development of small programs; they will be devoted primarily
to the production of plowshares, sickles and hoes, as well as other farm imple-
ments,

To date, these three blacksmiths cooperatives have produced 130 of the 800 plow-
shares planned for this year, our correspondent learned from the district director
of agriculture in Manica.

The 130 plowshares have already been distributed to the family sector and are
being used in the current agricultural campaign.

The three blacksmiths cooperatives established in Nanica District are located
in the communal villages of Nhaucaca, Socera and Chaissa; their creation was
fostered by district political and organizational support brigades assigned
to these villages. Soon after the Fourth FRELINO Party Congress, the brigades
undertook to publicize the decisions of this highest body of our party.

Also as part of the development of small projects, 20 dams have already been
constructed in Manica District for use in the gravity system of irrigation;
in the future, they will also be stocked with fish, to diversify the diet of
the local population.

According to Manica's district director of agriculture, five more dams will
be built this year, Construction was initiated during the last agricultural
campaign.

Along with these actions, pursuant to the decisions of the Fourth FRELIMO Party
Congress, the political and administrative structures in Nanica District are
now taking steps for the creation, within a short tine, of two small fishing
enterprises in the localities of Zonue and Messica. They are also studying
the best methods of adding to the goat herd in the area of Machipanda.

53



{Glavovic] Is there some disenchantment with the Russian presence there?

[Holtes] Well, I think they would not have signed the Nkomati Accord if they
were all that happy with what they have been getting.

[Glavovic] And what are conditions like in Mozambique?

[Holtes] Well, of course, it is perhaps unrealistic to expect us to come back
after a few days with a clear and objective view of what is going on there,

I mean, we were extremely well received, and although we in SAFTO have

been going to Mozambique for the last 7 years, we have been able to get through
to the countryside and see many of the factories and mines and agriculture
projects on previous occasions. Of course this group, most of them were for
the first time in Maputo since independence. [end recording]

cso: 3400/9921

77



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS:

RSA-HOMELANDS GROUPING SECRETARIAT--Pretoria, 29 May, SAPA--The Interstate
Working Group [IWG] gave the go-ahead today for the establishment of a perma-
ment secretariat to be staffed by members of the SATBVC, effective from April 1
next year. At a meeting of the IWG in Pretoria today attended by senior mem-
bers of the SATBVC, progress on multilateral arrangements made between heads
of states of the five coumtries in 1982 was evaluated and reviewed. The five
participating states making up the SATBVC are South Africa, Transkei,
Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei. In a statement released in Pretoria today,
the IWG said the nature of multilateral cooperation had now reached a stage
which "clearly warrants the creation of a permanent secretariat." The IWG
authorised the interim secretariat today to proceed with a number of preacti-
cal measures in preparation for the establishment of a permanent secretariat,
the statement said. Today's meeting was chaired by the South African deputy
director general of foreign affairs, Mr P. W. Killen. The IWG serves as a
review body on multilateral cooperation in Southern Africa and advises parti-
cipating governments on measures to improve the efficacy of the multilateral
arrangement. It also acts as the management board of the interim secretariat
for member states. [Text] [MB291812 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1533 GMT
29 May 84]

VILJOEN ON SADF POWER--The chief of the defense force, General Constand Viljoen
says the might of the South African Defense Force [SADF] has made it possible
for leaders, ambassadors, and diplomats of the country to negotiate with neigh-
boring states and the outside world from a position of power. Opening the new
commando headquarters at Summerset East this morning, Gen Viljoen said that
this favorable position of military power had been possible because of the
loyal support, sacrifice, and patriotism received from the total public spec-
trum, .Gen Viljoen said that the defense force is free from party politics

and would do all in its power to ensure the peaceful protection of all popu-
lation groups. He said that the commandos today formed. an important and inte-
grated part of the South African Army. Without them, it would be impossible

to carry out territorial defense tasks in all parts of the country. [Text]
[BM261219 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 26 May 84]

83



NIGER

KOUNTCHE REVIEWS ISSUES FACING COUNTRY
4B182220 Niamey Domestic Service in French 1200 GMT 18 May 84

[Text] General Seyni Kountche, chairman of the Supreme Military Council and
head of state, this morning presided over an important conference of cadres ©
at the Congressional Palace, During that conference, the head of state dwelled
at length upon the economic situation in our country.

Right from the beginning, President Seyni Kountche recalled that it was in his
message to the nation on 3 August 1982, that it was decided to set up a
commission to monitor the economic situation in the country. The head of state
said that already at that time, we were feeling the wind of economic crisis,

and since prevention is better than cure, we did not wait until institutions
from outside came to tell us what was to be done to redress our economy. That
monitoring commission made an interim report that was made public. Following
that report, the president stressed, we decided to take the necessary measures,
namely: to inject a measure of austerity into all government institutions.

The state bureau ‘in charge [of] issuing tickets for public servants on missions
submitted its report, which was also published. Following that report, a new
system for issuing tickets to civil servants and other officials in parastatals
was established. The head of state said while these money-saving measures were
being taken, the World Bank was also conducting studies into these establishments.
The first report of the survey unit of the World Bank is currently being studied
by the government.

President Seyni Kountche emphasized that the aim of all these redress measures
in our country is to guarantee its future. These measures are applied to
everyone (?and) much more to those who are governed by the inter-professional
collective convention and who get a better deal than those in the civil service.
It is often forgotten, the head of state said, that these parastatals get
subventions from the state, and therefore the state should have the right to
look into the management of these public establishments. If there is any
social justice, the head of state went on, it should be applied to everybody.
There is no doubt that the government has often not been vigilant enough, and
it is this lack of vigilance that the board of directors often took advantage
of in conniving with directors of these parastatals in their shady deals, .the
head of state said.

60



MALI

BRIEFS

YOUTH GROUP VISITS PRC--The Malian Youth Union delegation led by its secretary
general, Amadou Daouda Diallo, which arrived in Beijing on 10 May 1984,
recently attended a banquet held in its honor by the first secretary of the
Chinese Communist Youth League. The Malian delegation also held talks recently
with Huang Hua, vice chairman of the National People's Congress and member

of the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee. The delegation is expected
to continue its visit with trips to Shanghai, Hunan and Canton. [Text]
[AB211610 Bamako Domestic Service in French 1500 GMT 21 May 84]

CSO: 3419/658

33



but that she would in due course help to overthrow them and replace their
leaders with "puppet" leaders like Dr Savimbi and the MNR.

"No matter what peace agreements they sign in conferences with South Africa,
as long as they are communist countries, the Pretoria government will do all
in its power to overthrow them.

"On the other hand, Pretoria is determined to destroy all endeavours by liber-
ation movements of South Africa to free black people from the oppressive
laws of South Africa," Mr Matutu said.

The leader of the opposition Democratic Progressive Party, Mr Caledon Mda,
said the military strikes by South Africa on Mozambique could not be regarded
as a basis of an accord, but rather for military subjection.

"Big brother and neighbour, South Africa is calling the tune and Southern
African states are going to toe the line one by one," Mr Mda said.

Another opposition party member, Chief Ntsikayezwe Sigcau, said Transkei
should be thankful to the ANC that the House of Assembly had developed from
an ordinary advisory council to its present status. °

"We are here because the ANC fought for us, though it: was not for this goal
of an individual independent state. It was the pressure of the ANC that the
white regime decided to give us this type of independence.

"The ANC is not wrong and was never wrong. We are here because of their
philosophy of black liberation," Chief Sigcau said.

CsO: 3400/1016

73



MOZAMBIQUE

BPD REQUIRES GREATER CONTROL IN GRANTING CREDITS
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 27 Apr 84 p 3

[Text] This year, the People's Development Bank [BPD] has decided to set up a
more stringent system for granting credit to the state enterprises and to
monitor more carefully the use of the funds resulting from those loans, so as
to eliminate the "habit" of spending state funds uselessly.

The decision to require greater strictness of the enterprises in using state
funds and to carefully study any request for the granting of credit is a
result of the observation that many state enterprises have been using funds
for projects that are bringing little or no profit, or are spending them
for useless purposes.

This observation was made by the Sixth Expanded Consultative Council of the
People's Development Bank, held recently in the nation's capital. The meeting,
attended by managers of branches, subsidiaries and agencies of this institu-
tion, coming from all provinces, adopted several recommendations concerning
the BPD's activity, considering it a priority to establish mechanisms that
will ensure greater austerity in spending the state's funds.

Based on one of the recommendations from BPD's Sixth Expanded Consultative
Council, the enterprises" control over the use of funds dispensed by this
institution for the implementation of projects must be exercised jointly with
the sectors which have custody of those enterprises.

Production Cooperatives: a Total Stagnation

The meeting of the People's Development Bank had as participants officials
associated with various sectors of activity, with whom the bankers discussed
mechanisms aimed at arranging for various aspects of common or parallel acti-
vities.

Specifically analyzing the progress of the agricultural production coopera-
tives, the Consultative Council noted that they are confronted with immense
difficulties, most of which stem from the lack of support from governmental
structures. Individuals associated with the Ministry of Agriculture also
took part “in this analysis.

34



MOZAMBIQUE,

RAIL TRAFFIC WITH SWAZILAND REOPENED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 2 May 84 p 8
[Article by Jorge Costa]

[Text] Rail traffic between Mozambique and Swaziland was
reopened last Monday, after completion of repairs to the bridge
over the Umbeluzi River, in Boane. The bridge had been severely
‘damaged by the tropical depression "Domoina." In addition, the
rail lines in the two countries are almost completely restored,
so that, on Monday , the first trains were already running,
carrying freight to the port of Maputo.

At precisely 1331 hours on Nonday, a train with 26 freight cars of Swazi sugar,
en route from Goba, reached the Roane railway bridge and started over it. The
train, weighing more than 1,700 tons, crossed the bridge, closely watched by
the engineers of the Officer of Consultation and Projects of the Ministry of
Ports, Railways and the Merchant Marine [MPCFMM]., They ascertained that the
bridge did not suffer any weakening under the tremendous weight to which it
was submitted.

Hence the restoration of the bridge is now considered complete. The bridge

was damaged on 30 January by hurricane "Domoina." At that time the raging waters
of the Umbeluzi River tore out one of the pillars supporting the bridge and
caused a shift of 1.20 meters, twisting the entire metal structure of the bridge,
which was built in 1907,

")omoina" also put almost 2 kilometers of track out of commission on Mozambican
territory, and over 15 kilometers in neighboring Swaziland, which isolated that
country from its natural port of Maputo.

After the damage was assessed in both countries, many hands went to work.
Swaziland contracted services abroad to restore its line, and Mozambique resorted
to several of its services so that traffic could be resumed as quickly as possible.

In Mozambique, a Track and Fngineering brigade from the CFM-Sul [Southern Mozam-
bican Railway] went to Goba, where the track had been damaged, and immediately
began repairs. For the bridge, the SOCEL company was contracted, which provided
its employees and facilities to assist the specialized brigades of the CFM-Sul,
such as the Material Replacement, Track and Construction sections.

49



In the light of the above criminal denial of democracy, we demand the following
on behalf of all patriotic Kenyans:

1) The immediate and unconditional release of political prisoners:

Koigi wa Wamwere, Mutunga, Oyugi, Anyona, Mazrui (who is very ill), Mukaru,
Wachira, Khaminwa, Murithi, Raila, Otiena, Macyango, Maina wa Kinyatti,
Kariuki Wangondu, David Oloo, Oginga Ogega, Audugosi, University students,
K.A.F. soldiers, Oginga Odinga who is under restriction and many others not
gazetted,

2) None interference with the coming general and civil elections.

3) Immediate withdrawal of the American military personnel some of who are
already killing Kenyan girls.

The DECEMBER 12 MOVEMENT appeals to all progressive and patriotic Kenyans to
oppose all undemocratic moves by the government, expose reactionary and
imperialist plots and intrigues, protect and heighten our entire people's
struggles and generally work towards a united resistance in order to fight
and overthrow neocolonialism and achieve the long delayed true independence.

The DECEMBER 12 MOVEMENT has grown and continues to grow internally and exter-
nally as a people's movement. The history of our struggle is long and victory
is certain.

Long live, the people's struggle!!
PAMBANA! PAMBANA! PAMBANA!

Organ of the DECEMBER 12 MOVEMENT
June 1983

Open Letter to Moi
London PAMBANA in English No 3, Aug 83 p 1

[Text] Mr. President,

We totally reject your government's continued violation of basic human rights
as enshrined in both the J.A.U. and [word indistinct] charter on human rights
(Kenya is a member of both organisations)

1) ‘Twenty years after independence, your government reinforces repressive
detention laws, (laws that Patriotic Kenyans fought against during the struggle
for independence) jailing many patriotic Kenyans, academicians, lawyers,
parliamentarians, journalists, students, etc.—-Koigi, Anyona, Mutunga, Mukaru,
Oloo, Oginga, Ondinga, Raila, MacAnyango, Khaminwa, Maina, Wang'ondu,...

Mr. President the list -is endless.

2) Mr. President, we note that behind the backs of the Kenyans, and contrary
to their wishes, you and your friends have invited the American forces to
install military bases (we understand you prefer to call them facilities) on

22



“After the middle of April, the flow gradually began to subside and it is cur-

rently 30

According
regularly

cubic meters per second, which is extremely low," the DNA source added.

to the same source, from now on it will be necessary to resort more
to the water stored in the reservoirs of the Massinpir Nam to irri-

gate the crops in Chokwe.

6362

CSO: 3442/366

52



From now on, President Seyni Kountche declared, directives have been given to
the prime minister to establish regulations governing fringe benefits enjoyed
by public servants. These benefits will be given in accordance with the
productivity and profitability of these establishments.

The chairman of the Supreme Military Council also took advantage of the con-
ference to explain certain aspects of his last message to the nation. Thus,
the head of state recalled among other things, that the objectives the govern—
ment assigned to itself have not changed, but it must obviously be adapted to
the exigencies of the moment. We always hear what is happening in our immediate
neighborhood as well as what is happening in far away places, the head of state
stressed. The delicate situation of our states and economies should inspire

us more than ever before, not only to be vigilant, but also to be more rigorous.
The head of state went on to say that in order to enable all the citizens of
Niger to participate in the construction of this country, the SMC took the
amesty action that is now well known. These acts of.amesty should only be
seen within the framework of the salvaging task being undertaken in Niger.

While preparing Niger's future by setting up such institutions as the National
Development Council, in the drawing up of a national charter, the major objec~
tives to be aimed for are hard work and discipline, President Kountche said.
The spirit of hard work is beginning to be inculcated inthe minds of many
people in the region; there is therefore no excuse for anyone who wants to
return to the land and exploit it as the farmers do. Since our basic dignity
lies in the ability to meet our food needs, the youth who are idling about in
our urban centers should return to the villages to help their relatives to work
on the land, otherwise the administrative authorities should use them to till
the land.

Discipline, the head of state recalled, is our cardinal virtue. Indeed, our
backwardness, indiscriminate importation, and waste are the results of our
indiscipline. To this end, if we do not accept it voluntarily, it should be
acquired by all other means. The head of state was very firm when he said
that we should not be surprised by some methods which will be used as was the
case immediately after the military takeover in 1974.

In conclusion, this morning's conference of cadres was like the previous ones-- _

one of communication. It should be seen not as a new starting point, but a
continuation of previous efforts.

CsO: 3419/658

61



Briefs

News Resource Center 12

GUINEA
Reflections on Educational System; Reform Advocated
(Roger Goto Zomou Editorial; HOROYA, 26 Apr 84)...........++. 13
KENYA '
Policy, Views of Opposition Group Published
(PAMBANA, various dateS).....cceseeccesececssccesscessscesess 15
PAMBANA Principles
Editorial on 'Struggle'
"Release Political Prisoners'
Open Letter to Moi
DIM Letter
Opposition Demands
LESOTHO
Stage Set for Resumption of Political Rights
(Maseru Domestic Service, 28 May 84)......cececeeeevescecesecs 26
Joint Communique Issued After Moroccan Talks
(THE TIMES OF SWAZILAND, 29 May 84)........ see ececene seceeeee 29
Briefs
Security Pact With RSA 31
MADAGASCAR
Briefs
Soviet Relief Aid 32
PRC Cyclone Aid 32
Visiting Chinese Doctors 32
Imongo Vaovao Anniversary 32
MALT
Briefs
Youth Group Visits PRC 33
MOZAMBIQUE

BPD Requires Greater Control in Granting Credits
(NOTICIAS, 27 Apr 84)... .ccecceccecscceceececeeceeceveecee


In their unstable condition in those areas, the armed bandits, terrified by
the strong joint actions carried out by the FPLM and our people, are wander-
ing about and constantly turning themselves in with their weapons to our
forces and the people. However, more than ever before, there is a need to
heighten vigilance and denounce every and any kind of enemy maneuver in every
sector of our people's life.

The study of the Nkomati Accord must continue to be carried out in all mili-
tary units, thus transforming the written doctrine into revolutionary practice
in order to speed up the end of armed banditry. Every fighter must value,
above all, our major victories over the bandits, killing them wherever they
may be. In the forest, the countryside or the town, let us wage battle against
the bandits.

CSO: 3442/380

41



"This current support presupposes that, as the enterprise grows, in the next
campaigns we can provide more aid--to the extent that the material resources
available to us for the reforestation program will permit--more aid to the people
and to the private and cooperative farmers who are in our area of influence,"
stressed the director of Project F0-4,

From Project to Enterprise

The reforestation project in Sofala could, at the end of this campaign, firm
up as an enterprise and develop both structurally and in terms of production
in the years to follow. This is indicated in the plans conceived for F0-4,

As we learned from director Inacio Abreu, there is enough manpower available

so that the reforestation goals can be expanded over previous years, The essen-
tial thing, he stresses, is to provide more social benefits and food assistance
to the workers.

The project expects to acquire three more mid-level technicians this year for
the various production sectors in the field, who, along with 30 more formerly
unproductive individuals taken on by the enterprise, will strengthen the labor
force for the reforestation program.

In the director's opinion, this will objectively provide the manpower for the
progress of the undertaking, depending on better internal organization and,
primarily, supervision of the various production sectors.

The reforestation project, a part of MONAP, is primarily planned to create the
conditions so that, 5 vears from now, the Sofala region will have a supply of
fire wood, specifically charcoal, and lumber for building.

Mangoes and Papayas for Green Zones

Th the coming months, the green zones in the city of Beira could receive about
5900 papaya trees and 1,500 mango trees, which are now germinating in the nur-
series of Project Fo-4.

According to project director Inacio Abreu,and as our reporter saw for himself
at Milha 8, the papaya seed is being sowed in areas set aside for the purpose,
and some of the mango trees could already be delivered for permanent planting.

The activity is complementary to the coordination between agencies of the Ministry
of Agriculture and Project F0-4; using part of the area where the eucalyptus
slips are being raised, fruit trees are being grown for later planting in the
various areas which constitute the green zones in the city of Beira.

6362
CSO: 3442/366

39



The Senegalese are reliving the tragic reality of under-development that
political imbroglios cannot disguise. Also, it is time that these shake-ups
stopped monopolizing everyone's attention.

It is also time that politicians develop a code of ethics that does not run
counter to the fundamental values of our people. .

What will become of Senegal if the majority of its people continues to lack
interest in the politics that governs their daily lives?

The most urgent and arduous task for sincere politicians is to return trust
to the hearts of the Senegalese and to act without thinking of themselves.

We should not forget that, with the arrival of the Second Republic, Senegalese
who had never been involved, entered "politics." Didn't we see managers form
circles of friendship and support, whereas they had always been on the fringe
of political events? Didn't we hear Senegalese say that they had just voted
for the first time in their lives?

This is not a freak occurrence; on the contrary, it is a sign of the times.
Something in the attitude of the people had changed; hostility gave way to
quietude, brought about primarily by the fact that the profound convictions
of the Senegalese people allowed them to forget the past and wish for, in the
name of faith, the beginning of a new era.

With these high cards in hand, the "new government" had the means to put the
situation right, if we had gone down the straight path of the "Etats generaux de
1'Education" [educational establishment].

Unfortunately, "politics" stopped us part way.

The Senegalese must know that the world is watching us and that for the
future, it is dangerous to be put on stage by misadventures in "politics."

But is it too late? Everyday facts prove that it is not; the Moslem people of
Senegal feel neither hostility nor hatred for persons, for any reason.

The masses simply want freedom and happiness with dignity.

They firmly believe in their faith and the times demand that they be mobilized
in order to turn the page and totally change the situation of the country.

In truth, their faith which yesterday provided, and still provides, so many
advantages is the most certain seed for the salvation of our people.

[Boxed insert]
Counterattack to the Allegations of the Church Press

A certain church publication reports the danger that the growth of Tslam sup-
posedly constitutes, a phenomenon shrouded in the euphemism "the rise of funda-

mentalism."
64



the proposed hydroelectric improvement project at Nangbeto on the Mono;

7-a report by the minister of rural development and cooperatives on his visit
to six provinces of our country from 6 February to 22 March 1984 to assess the
1983-1984 agricultural season and the launching of ‘the 1984-1985 campaign; and

--a report by the minister of public works, construction and housing on his
visit of 2 March 1984 to the West African Development Bank in Lome in connec-
tion with the village waterworks program of creating water-holes in the pro-
vinces of Atlantique and Zhou.

Also, during the same meeting, the NEC approved:

--the participation of the. People's Republic of Benin in the meeting of the
agricultural ministers of the Entente Council, which will be held at Yamoussoukro,
in Ivory Coast, on 9 April 1984;

--our country's participation in the consultative meeting of producers organized
by the International Council of French Language Radio and Television Broadcast-
ing, to be held from 11-13 April 1984 in Geneva, as well as our participation in
the seminar on identification, implementation and financing of potable water
and sanitation projects, which will be held in Dakar from 9-20 April 1984; and

--the participation of the People's Republic of Benin in the meeting between
the Togolese minister of public works, construction and housing, to study
problems of coastal erosion and ocean pollution, in Lome, on 12 April 1984.

9516 .
CSO: _3419/620



MOZAMLTOUE

MASSINGIR DAM FLOONGATE OPENTD
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 3 May 84 p 1

[Text] For the first time since late March, one of the flood-
gates of the Massingir Dam in Gaza will be opened today,
increasing the flow of the Limpopo River to supply water for
the irrigation system in Chokwe. The measure is needed because
of the decreased volume of water which has been repistered

in the Limpopo River bed,

According to the Hydrology Vepartment of the National Water Directorate [pna],
at this time the flow of the Limpopo River at the Combomune Iydrological Station
is 30 cubic meters per second.

“This is considered the minimum flow required for the irrigation system, but
because the flow in Chokwe is already quite limited, it will be necessary to

open one of the floodgates of the Massingir Dam tomorrow, to strengthen and guaran-
tee a minimum volume of water for irrigation," explained a hydrologist from

the National Water Directorate,

Behavior of Limpopo

Despite the intense rains that have been falling regularly since the end of
1983 in the south of the country, the Limpopo was the only river which did not
reach the flood stage and continued to register the lowest water levels.

This extremely winding river is of great importance because it feeds the fertile
Limpopo Valley, extending from the city of Chokwe to Xai-Xai, about 50 kilometers
from the province capital, where the river empties into the sea.

The maximum flow of the Limpopo is about 7,900 cubic meters per second, but
because of the merciless drought which has been affecting the region in the
last 4 years, during most of 1963 there was no flow at all, and the river bed
was reduced to parched earth, with large cracks at many points, giving a look
of real desolation throughout the area which it serves.

As a result of the rains at its source, on 29 March the river repistered a slight

wave of rising water, and the river rose from an average annual flow of 175
cubic meters per second to 700 cubic meters per second.

51



Vepetable Production

Keferring to truck gardening, the Central Committee provincial seerct: vid
that in Quelimane, to date, more than 2,000 truck farmers are alr ly vepistered
in the Office of Green Zones. le stressed that many wore city residents should
devote themselves to this type of production, each maintaining a garden plot

to confront the problem of hunger. . Companies and other work places were also
told of their responsibility, because "the well-supported production of vegetables
is one way of ulleviating the problem of hunger in the city of Quelimane," he
said.

Francisco said that although the produce had not yet reached wany din.er tables,
since it had not yet been completely harvested, packaged, distributed and war
housed, it could be concluded that, because of the preat effort by all the farm
sectors and the good weather conditions, the 1983/1984 agricultural campaign
would be better than the previous one. ‘

"The future does not simply follow chronologically from the present, according,
to men's good.or bad luck," stressed the Central ‘Comittee member. ‘Me added
that, should. the drought appear again 3 years from now and if, in the weantine,
we have built dams, irrigation systems and dikes to avert or minimize that
natural disaster, we will have heen building our futures .

Omar Francisco said it was up to the workers to do their jobs at their work
places as efficiently as possible, because "this is the only way the future
can evolve favorably. This is the only way to develop the nation's economy.
Only this will give yreater meaning to the International Day of the Worker.

"We especially laud those who are working in the zones affected by the war;
despite the. danrers to which they are exposed, they remain firmly ‘at their work
posts," Francisco said, - *

In celebration of May Day, the FPLM [People's Armed ‘Forces for the ‘Liberation
of Mozambique], the OJ" [Organization of Mozambican Youth]; the ONP [National |
Teachers Association] and the ONJ [expansion unknown] presented neéssages in
which they penerally indicated their efforts to ‘carry out the decisions of the
Fourth Congress, particularly in the battle apainst hunger and against the armed
bandits. . .

Faquir Amichand, secretary of the Provincial Council of the OTY {Organization
of Mozambican Korkers] in Zambezia and member of the FRELINO Party Central Con-
mittee, read a messare from that organizations he noted that the workers' active
participation in drafting the OTN constitution and its large membership inereas-
ingly reflect their growing el consciousness.

At the Zambezia Province level, the message said, 71,274 workers were involved
in the revitalization proces 1,140 delegates were elected to the district

couferences and 261 of. these were delegates to the Provincial Conference In
support Of that conference, the workers of Zambezia contributed over 2? million
weticals and a variety of products, including 10 tons of fish, copra and corn,

57



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS
USSR RELIEF AID--The USSR will give 10 tankers for transporting water, two
water hole drilling machines, and 100,000 quintals of rice to the Ethiopian

Relief and Rehabilitation Commission. [Summary] [LD260203 Addis‘ Ababa Do-
mestic Service in Amharic 1700 GMT 24 May 84] .

cso: 3403/15

11



JPRS-SSA~84-065

7 June 1984

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Cotonou Radio Hails Entente Council on Anniversary
(Cotonou Domestic Service, 29 May 84)......... ee

Economist Views Projected African Monetary Fund
(NAN, 28 May 84)........ eee eee cece ence eecee ees eeceteececeee 3

Briefs
Nkomati Accord
Development Bank Agreement Fails
Telecommunications Agreement With DPRK

anuUu

ANGOLA

Briefs
East Timor Anniversary Noted 7

BENIN

National Executive Council Session Reported
(BENIN-PRESSE-INFORMATION, No 333, 6 Apr 84)...cscessescecees 8

Briefs
Soviet Red Cross Aid 10
USSR Union Delegation 10
Komsomol Delegation 10

ETHIOPIA

Briefs

USSR Relief Aid 11
-ae- {III - NE & A - 120]



MADAGASCAR

BRIEFS

SOVIET RELIEF AID--The Soviet Government, following its traditional policy of
friendship toward the Democratic Republic of Madagascar, has in addition to
the aid already given by the Soviet Red Cross and the Soviet Red Crescent,
decided to give our'country 8,000 metric tons of rice, 5,000 metric tons of
cement, 100 metric tons of (?corrugated iron sheets), 100 metric tons of [word
,indistinct], and a certain amount of other commodities. These are valued at
U.S.$3 million, which is about 1.7 billion Malagasy francs. Necessary mea-
sures will be taken as soon as possible to deliver the gift. At the request
of the Malagasy Government; the Soviet Union is ready to examine the possi-
bility of sending a group of doctors as well as other specialists to Madagas-
car to render free assistance to the eyclone-stricken people. [Excerpt ]
[MB241434 Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 1030 GMT 23 May 84]

PRC CYCLONE AID--The Chinese Embassy and the Chinese community have made a
donation of 2,945,000 Malagasy francs [words indistinct] victims. On 15 April,
the PRC [words indistinct] donation of 1,500,000 francs for the same purpose.
[Text] [MB140915 Antananarivo Domestic Service in French 0430 GMT 10 May 84]

VISITING CHINESE DOCTORS--Eight Chinese doctors who are members of a Chinese
medical mission which arrived in our country recently have been introduced to
(Vasnanou) residents this morning. At the ceremony the Malagasy side was
represented by [word indistinct] supreme council, Health Minister
Jean-Jacques Seraphim, and a number of [word indistinct] led by the chairman
of the Toamasina Provincial Executive Committee, and the Chinese side was
represented by Mr Dai Ping, the Chinese ambassador to Madagascar, who was
accompanied by his close aides. [Text] [MB210948 Antananarivo Domestic
Service in French 1939 GMT 19 May 84 MB]

IMONGO VAOVAO ANNIVERSARY—Our coll.

AKFM/KDRSM [Congress Party for Malagasy Independence/Democratic Committee To

Support the Malagasy Socialist Revolution] Party--IMONGO VAOVAO-~commemorated
the 29th anniversary of this agency during Easter weekend. The celebration
was highlighted last Saturday at the Tranompokonolona d'Isotry by an artistic
Presentation viewed by members of the AKFM-KDRSM Political Bureau as well as
by several representatives from various socialist countries. The title IMONGO
VAOVAO was derived from the name of the Madagascan nationalist, Jean
Ralaimongo, the 100th anniversary of whose date of birth will be celebrated
this year, in accordance with a decision made by the World Council for Peace.
Meanwhile we wish a long life to our colleagues and their agency. {Text]
(Antananarivo MADAGASCAR MATIN in French 24 Apr 84 p 3) 8117

eagues at the official press agency for the

32
CSO: 3419/638



SOUTH AFRICA

PAPER SEES ‘PROMISING’ PROSPECTS FOR NAMIBIA
MB201250 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 20 May 84 p 24
[Editorial: "It's Slow, Painful--and Promising"]

[Text] As slowly but as inexorably as the shifting sands of the Namib, the
South-West African problems seems to be moving towards a solution. That
sentiment, which even six months ago would have been rejected out of hand as
an expression of purblind optimism, appears even now, in the wake of the failed
Lusaka talks, to be based more on faith than fact.

But is it? Let us consider first the imperatives which brought SWAPO and its
bitter enemies in the South-West African internal parties to sit down together
in Lusaka under the slightly bizarre combined chairmanship of the Administrator
General of South-West Africa, Dr Willie van Niekerk, and the president of Zambia,
Dr Kenneth Kaunda.

First and most pertinent is the Angolan "peace pact" which has seen Angolan and
South African soldiers cooperating to sweep SWAPO from its Angolan bases.
Deprived of its bolthole and with its lifeline severed, there is little doubt
that SWAPO is looking around for a surrogate host among the frontline states.

And there's the rub. For Dr Kaunda and his fellow leaders have no wish to add
SWAPO bases-~and the inevitable South African reprisals--to their growing list
of domestic catastrophes. Which is why, coupled with his genuine desire to

be cast in the role of peacemaker and statesman, the Zambian leader was able
to drag Sam Nujoma, licking and screaming, to the Lusaka conference table.

And one can assume that Dr Kaunda is not the only African leader who is leaning
quite heavily on Mr Nujoma and his cohorts.

The second reason why the erstwhile mirage of a Namibian settlement is now
solidifying into something more promising is South Africa's new commitment to
regional peace and stability--and a belief that it can now get out of South-West
Africa with grace and without too much loss of face.

Keys to this are the enormous financial cost of sustaining a dependent Windhoek

and Mr P.W. Botha's post-referendum ability to ingore yells of sell-out from
Dr Treurnicht and Company.

74



Today, we of the December 12 Movement are following in the same tradition. Through
PAMBANA we are trying to join together all the underground groups, into one
movement struggling against foreign and local oppression and exploitation. We
want equality for all. Let us all now struggle in unity. We are many. We

have the experience, education and courage from our own glorious history. More-
over, we know we are supported by revolutionaries and workers of the whole world.

Rights Not Privileges!

Freedom of expression and the enjoyment of fruits of independence are the rights
of all Kenyans. Freedom is not something that is granted to us by the ruling
class. It is our right by birth. But the regime has robbed us of this freedom.
If a person takes KShs.20 from you and does not pay you back, will you not
demand it back? We cannot remain silent when our right to good housing,
adequate food, decent clothing and education have been denied us by this
oppressive regime. ‘Twenty years after independence, we have been reduced to the
position of beggars. Many commissions have been appointed to look into our’ living
conditions, but all these are mere official cover-ups. Even parliament has not
been able to change anything. It will not be able to change anything. We are
still hungry and we know that our children will suffer even greater hunger if
we do not now make the necessary effort and sacrifice to change the present
conditions.

Together We March Forward

The people of Kenya are on the move. They want to bring about real changes and
make this country a better place to live in. The many protests by peasants

and the strikes by workers all over the land are a crucial part of this struggle
and we support them. There are many patriotic soldiers in Tanzania and Uganda,
many patriotic students overseas, and many patriots in exile who are joining
hands with patriots within the country in the struggle for a revolutionary change
of our lives. In the country there are patriotic soldiers, policemen and women
who support this struggle.

So together we march forward ready to fight against oppression and fear in the
land, and to weed out traitors and home guards from amongst us. It has been our
tradition and it is this which gives us identity as Kenyans. We must continue
in that tradition and be committed to the struggle like our past patriots among
the Kisii, Akamba, Agikuyu, Turkana, Pokot, Maasai, Giriama, Waswahili, Luhya,
Luo and many others who were killed fighting against colonialism. We must be
committed like the patriots of the KLFA (Mau Mau) who were killed before and
after independence. Indeed we must be committed like the jailed and detained
political prisoners and those patriots now forced into exile. We should

know who they are and remember them. We must be committed for the sake of our
country Kenya and the future of our children.

Compatriots, let us unite and defeat the comprador ruling class. As long as
imperialism reigns over us, it is our right and responsibility to liberate our
country. It is our right and responsibility to write, publish and disseminate
PAMBANA and to make sure it is read year after year. We shall continue to read
and spread PAMBANA despite oppression, despite brutality and threats to our

20



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sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, éditorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a. brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
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engineers directing the classes commented, those who take the course will be
responsible for recruiting the peasants from the cooperative and family sectors
and providing them with agrotechnical standards, with a view toward accruing
better production results on the basis of the implementation of those stan-
dards.

Recruiters Will Work in the Localities

The recruiters (peasants and workers who have now been trained) will be distri-
buted among the Marracuene localities, a distribution which must be based on
the number of families present in each locality. _ One of the three agronomical
engineers who have run the course explained, in this regard: "In other words,
the assignment of a larger or smaller number to each locality will depend on
the number of families existing in those localities."

The holding of this course is associated with the implementation of the decisions
from the FRELIMO Party's Fourth Congress on combating hunger. It should be
recalled that the party's top-ranking organ indicated as a solution for obtain-
ing better results in agriculture, particularly in the family sector, the
peasants' mastery of basic techniques for the activity.

Using the Existing Facilities for Rural Development

Considering the influence that the family sector has on the supply and on the
economy as a whole, the Marracuene Agricultural Enterprise, using the facilities
at its disposal, devised.a rural development program, based on the training of
the peasant himself, providing him with information that will enable him to
control nature.

It is in this context that this enterprise, through its sector for liason
with the family and cooperative sectors, sponsored this course, thereby creating
a program that will last until next year.

In statements made to our reporter, the director of that state production unit,
Ernesto Perdigao, disclosed that the assignment of those who have taken the
course to the localities will begin within a matter of days.

In brief informal remarks, addressed to the enterprise's peasants and workers,
Ernesto Perdigao gave a reminder of the role of every citizen in the present
battle to eliminate hunger, also recalling the responsibility incumbent on: those
who have just acquired fundamental knowledge concerning agricultural activity.
"You are equipped, along with the peasants, to create conditions causing produc-—
tion to achieve satisfactory results, thereby contributing to the success of the
battle to combat hunger."

We Shall Contribute to the Country's Development

Before the start of the closing ceremony for the course, our reporter sought out
opinions from some peasants and workers of the enterprise who, on the whole,

4h


Democratic Alliance who consort with foreign sources must realize that the
people of Lesotho will determine in a most decisive manner whether the law

on participation of persons who are by virtue of their acts under the acknowl-
edgement of allegiance, obediance, or adherence to any foreign power or state,
does not in fact apply to them.

The verdict of the voter must leave no room for any. doubts to foreign sources,
and to foreign sources it needs only to be stated that friend or foe, let

the Basotho decide their own destiny. To the nation we need only to remind
ourselves that the rights of life, free speech, free association, free thought,
free movement, and all the other rights contained in the Human Rights Act

No 24 of 1983, are not a license or blank check for attempts to violate the
laws of Lesotho and to creaté anarchy and lawlessness. The rights are a firm
platform to demonstrate that the events of 1970 were an aberration of all
political habits and temper. That is the way it is.

cso: » 3400/1015

28



for the training of cadres to work on the electric powet distribution system

and. Arigola was made responsible for training, cadres for the diesel-powered

stations. Zambia and Zimbabwe will train technicians for the thermoelectric
- aud hydroelectric stations, respectively.

our correspondent learned that, when completed, the future center will have
the capacity to train 100 technicians annually, including substation operators
and électricians for the power lines.

At this time, technicians in this sector of activity are trained in the building
which houses other services of the Maputo Power Distribution Syste. » The facilities
do not meet the growing needs.

Training of Instructors

While arrangements are heing made for construction of the permanent training
center for technicians, other actions are being taken to provide the power company
with the means to train its cadres. '

In this regard, two instructors have already atterided’ advanced technical-instruc~
tional courses at the EDP [Portuguese Flectric Power Company] and SENAT [Brazil's
National Service for Industrial Apprenticeship], each. of which lasted about

2 months. As part of the same program, :amother group of four instructors vill

be trained; two will go to Flectricite de France for an 8-month internship and
the other two will intern in Portugal (EDP).

The aim of this training is to create the conditions so that the Mozambican
Flectric Power Conipany can meet its own training needs more and more, gradually
dispensing, with the assistance of the cooperants who are now teaching the courses.

6362
C802 3442/366

37



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

EXPANDING RURAL TRANSPORT NETWORK-~The Ministry of ‘Transport will expand the
Motor transport network into rural areas to enable the people there to receive
industrial products and take their produce to the markets. This was said
yesterday by the minister of transport, Comrade Ushewokunze. Addressing
students at the Zimbabwe (?staff) College in Harare, Comrade Ushewokunze also
urged the Zimbabwe National Army to defend the country's infrastructure against
dissident activity. He said given the current drought, little expansion can
be expected as most of the country's resources had to be diverted in order

to feed the nation. Comrade Ushewokunze also said badly needed new equipment
had to be provided for Air Zimbabwe if the corporation is to keep flying. He
added that the airline must remain operational and strive to overcome the re-
cession by adopting more aggressive strategies to capture more business. Sim-
ilarly, the minister said, the National Railways of Zimbabwe should remain
operational so that as the recession comes to an end Zimbabwe will take ad-
vantage of good prices on the commodity market. [Text] [MB240931 Harare
Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 24 May 84]

OFFICIAL WARNS 'TROUBLEMAKERS'--The minister of state responsible for politi-
cal affairs and provincial coordination, Comrade Maurice Nyagumbo, has warned
the troublemakers that the government will take stern measures against them
if they continue intimidating people. Comrade Nyagumbo, who is also the
ZANU-PF national organizing secretary, issued the warning at a meeting of
ZANU-PF provincial and district officials in Murahwa yesterday. The warning
follows reports that there are some ZAPU elements intimidating people in Mura~
hwa District. He ordered ZANU-PF officials and the police to investigate and
arrest all the (?troublemakers). He also urged the people in the district to
register as voters for the next general elections. Speaking at the same
occasion, the minister of state in the prime minister's office responsible for
defense, Comrade Ernest Kadungure, urged the people in the district to (?join)
the special constabulary unit so that criminals can easily be arrested. Com-
rade Kadungure said officials from such provincial levels who received para-
military training [word indistinct] defend themselves from banditry. [Text]
[MB201123 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 19 May 84]

CsO: 3400/1011 - END -

87



Kenyan soil. How much, Mr. President, did the Americans pay you and your
friends for mortgaging our country and for protecting the murderers and
rapers of our girls ([name indistinct], Kabura, etc.)?

3) In spite of your hypocritical declaration for fair elections, you are now
too obviously indicating who your government machinery (DC's, DO,s and the
police) should support, e.g., [name indistinct] Ngengi, Mudavadi, Kibaki, etc.
You have even declared yourself unopposed before the elections!

The Kenyan people know the real traitors—~all those who support the occupation
of Kenya by foreign forces (to safeguard the exploitation of the Kenyan wealth),
silence the advocates of the interests of Kenyans, and are now busy fighting
among themselves over who should oversee the plunder and economic ‘loot for

the foreigners-~you, Njonjo, Kibaki, Omamo, Karume, Mwangale, Matano and others.

Mr. President, that is why we now make an appeal to all democratically-minded
Kenyans, in continuation to fight for a people's true independence,

a) to resist the instilling of fear among the people by the government,
b) all patriotic policemen and many personnel to resist being treated like robots
for harassing their own brothers for the interests of the foreigner and the

local collaborators.

We challenge you, Mr. President, to address yourself to the concrete issues raised
in this letter in public.

Release All Political Prisoners!!
U.S., British Military Forces Out!!
The Struggle Continues!!

The Organising Committee of the DECEMBER 12 MOVEMENT
(August 1983)

cc. Masses, Newspapers, etc.
Join the struggle by passing on or pinning up this letter. Thank you.
DIM Letter
London PAMBANA in English No 4, Oct 83 p 1
[Text] Dear Fellow Kenyan,
Today, 20 October, on the Kenya Freedom Fighters Day, the December Twelve
Movement (DIM), joins hands with all truly patriotic Kenyans in remembering all
those who suffered and died that we may be free. At the same time we commend

all those squatters, peasants, workers and intellectuals who continue to demand
for land, better conditions of living and democracy.

23



ANGOLA

BRIEFS

EAST TIMOR ANNIVERSARY NOTED--Afonso van Dunem Mbinda, secretary of the MPLA
Central Committee for foreign relations, sent a message to the Revolutionary
Front for an Independent East Timor [Fretilin] Central Committee, congratulat~
ing the Maubere people on the 10th anniversary of the founding of the revolu-
tionary vanguard of the East Timor people, commemorated on 20 May. In that
message Afonso van Dunem said that it is with great concern that the world
has followed the worsening of the situation in East Timor, due to the expan-
sionism of the Suharto regime that, disregards the resolutions of the inter-
national community, and wages a war of aggression against the Maubere people.
Secretary Afonso van Dunem also reiterated the support of the MPLA-Labor
Party for Fretilin and the Timor people in their just struggle against the
occupation of their territory by the expansionist Indonesian regime. [Text]
[MB240902 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 0500 GMT 24 May 84]

CSO: 3442/380



BRIEFS

NETHERLANDS ATD TO G! ZONES=-An estimated 3 million meticals has been donated
to Mozambique by the Netherlands Government in recent months. The gift, through
the Netherlands Kwhassy in Maputo, is in support of small. ventures in the family
and cooperative sectors. Some 200,000 meticals have been spent on scales, clec~
tric pumps, nets and sheet metal for hencoops in the green zones in Maputo.
Another 200,000 meticals’ worth of portable power generators, windmills and
tinworking shops have been presented to Gaza Province. Zambezia Province benefited
from barbed wire, electric pumps, farm and carpentry tools, refrigerators and
separators for milk processing, and spray pumps, valued at about 1,312,000
meticals. The green zones in the Namicopo, Namatura and Natiquir districts,

in Nampula, have received electric pumps, farm implenents, carpentry and con-
struction tools and spray pumps, with a total value of more than 724,000 reticals.
Manica's green zones have received seeds. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

1 May 84 p 10] 6362

CSO: 3442/366

59



But, even as Southern Africa commits itself to regional solutions for regional
problems, it cannot escape the fact that it has become a pawn in Soviet

rivalry and more particularly of the Russians' desire to embarrass Ronald Reagan
in an election year.

Moscow's meddling appeared to play a decisive roll in the failure of the Lusaka
talks; it is not prepared to see the Cubans quit Angola before the presidential
election, and any Southern African peace plan for which Washington could take
some of the credit is anathema to the men of Red Square.

But eventually, unless the Soviets are willing to put men and weapons where
their mouths are and give massive support to the weakening MPLA government
in Luanda, the Cubans will go and Mr Nujoma will settle,

Which is why Lusaka was not the failed end of the peace process, but probably
merely a beginning.

cso: 3400/991

75



expressed the conviction that their effort would contribute to the country's
development, particularly in combating hunger.

Escudo Alfredo Manguane, aged 41, who had already been a recruiter for the
cashew nut planting, began by voicing his gratification at having participated
in the course. "Our country's development depends on us. That is why I am
proud of having taken part in this course. I acquired some basic knowledge.

It should also be noted that in the past we had no chance to learn anything."

Ester Jose Hunguante, 23 years old and working in the enterprise already, is
of the opinion that this opportunity that she has had will help to increase
her knowledge of agriculture, hence qualifying her to work with the peasants.
"I was already used to working with the peasants. Now I shall perform my
work with greater assurance.”

A peasant woman from the Popular Agricultural Cooperative, 22 years of age,
Angelina Americo Massinga, comments that at her work site she will meet with
other members to explain to them the advantages of the technical information
acquired there.

One aspect which that peasant considers. extremely important is associated with
the fertilization and irrigation at her cooperative, which were carried out
without information that could have brought compensatory results.

She concludes by saying: "Now I am qualified to teach my colleagues the tech-

niques for fertilizing, irrigating and seed growing, based on agricultural
standards."

2909
CSO: 3442/367

45



As Jacob van den Hout told us, the Netherlands is one of the European coun-
tries that have participated in the SADCC [South African Development Coordi-
nation Conference] projects, aimed at fostering that area*s economic development
and reducing its dependence on South Africa.

He declared: "At the SADCC conferences, held since 1980 (the time of its
creation), the Dutch Government granted loans amounting to 66 million florins
(nearly $22 million) and donations totaling 55 million florins (almost $18.5
million). Most of the financing has been used for the port of Beira, for
technical assistance and to purchase equipment with which to change the techno-
logical system for handling cargo’to another one that will be flexible and
will meet the requirements of that port's traffic."

Small-Scale Projects

In addition to the projects with a heavy regional and national impact, the
Netherlands Embassy in Maputo has supported the implementation of programs
involving a series of small-scale activities.

As the subject of our interview commented, among many other small-scale projects,
during 1983 alone, several programs were considered including the project for
rehabilitating the Beira Industrial School, the construction of health stations
in Angonia, Tete, the rehabilitation of the SOMOPAL child care facility in
Maputo and the rehabilitation of the Jose Macamo Hospital, also in Maputo.

Jacob van den Hout remarked: "These programs have been carried out since 1978,
and they have been conducted through our embassy. The main purpose is the
execution of small programs that will help Mozambique to solve some of its
slight problems, such as supplying equipment for the 8 March Educational Center
and materials for the Maganja da Costa District Hospital, in Zambezia."

2909
CSO: 3442/367 ~

47



BENIN

BRIEFS

SOVIET RED CROSS AID~-Comrade Agapov, the Soviet ambassador to Benin, presented a
large donation of medical accessories and pharmaceuticals to the Beninese'Red Cross
on 5 April at Porto Novo. The medical supplies are a joint gift’ of the Soviet Red
Cross and Red Crescent. The Soviet ambassador to Benin said this initial gift will
be followed by others. He said the donation is proof of the active solidarity be-
tween the Soviet and Beninese Red Cross Societies. In her response, Comrade Vero-
nique Ahouanmenou, president of the Beninese Red Cross, expressed the society's
gratitude to the donor society. She added that his gift, which follows the visit
of a Soviet Red Cross-Red Crescent delegation to Benin, completes the equipping of
the society's medical centers as well as the Red Cross surgery station at the cen-
ter for the handicapped. [Excerpts] [Cotonou BENIN-PRESSE~INFORMATION in French
No 333,6 Apr 84 pp 21-22] 9516

USSR UNION DELEGATION--The delegation from the Central Council of Soviet Trade
Unions (CCSS), which made a week-long official visit to the Peoples Republic of
Benin at the invitation of the National Federation of Workers Unions of Benin
(UNSTB), left Cotonou on 27 March 1984 to return to Moscow. In remarks to the press
summing up his visit to our country, the head of the delegation, Comrade Karatai
Touryssov, a member of the CCSS presidium, said he was very pleased with his visit
to Benin, which included fruitful talks not only with the secretary general of the
UNSTB, Comrade Romain Vilon Guezo, but also with a delegation of the executive
committee of our country's only trade union federation. As mentioned in the com-
munique released on the afternoon of 26 March, "the two delegations discussed
further expansion of the ties that have long united them, ties which have been
given concrete form in a 10-year cooperation agreement between the CCSS and the
UNSTB that was signed in Moscow on 18 July 1983. [Excerpt] [Cotonou BENIN-
PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 333,6 Apr 84 p 7] 9516

KOMSOMOL DELEGATION-~A two-member delegation from the Leninist Communist Youth
League (Komsomol) arrived in our country on 3 April. The head of the delegation,
Comrade Victor Kousoourov, said that the Komsomol visit to the Peoples Republic of
Benin expresses the continuing ties of friendship between Soviet and Beninese
youth, ties that go back to the era of the Youth Organization Committee (COJ). The
leader of the Komsomol delegation said he was pleased to note the creation of the
Organization of Revolutionary Youth of Benin (OJRB). In that context, the Komsomol
delegation met with a delegation from the OJRB, whose spokesman was Comrade
Bouraima Melyas. He said that the OJRB, which was just recently established, will
need to learn from the experience of similar organizations such as Komsomol, ex-
perience which will be very useful because Benin and the USSR are following the
same basic path. The head of the Soviet delegation expressed the_hope that Komsomol
and OJRB will strengthen their relations even further. [Excerpts] [Cotonou BENIN-
PRESSE-INFORMATION in French No 333, 6 Apr 84 pp 10-11] 9516

10

CSO: 3419/620