ADB-DBZ LOAN AGREEMENT
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 May 82 p 1

{text]

fF Méanwhile. the ‘Devel

& ment Bank of Zambia (DBZ)

and the ADB signed a K10'

«Million loan-agreement for the
ifinancing of the third line of
credit.

The agreement was signed
‘between ADB president Mr
F Willa Mung'omba and (DBZ)
managing director Mr Luba-
mba Nyambe in Lusaka.
‘And in-coming chairman of
ithe ABD, Mr Kebby Musoko-

_twane, urged member count-

“ries to serve the people of
Africa wholeheartedly.

1, He hailed his predecessor, :

;Togolese_ Finance Minister,
}Mr Tevi Benissani for his con-,
jiribution to the bank during’

‘his term in office:

F

cso: 4700/1220

55

ZAMBIA,



ETHIOPIA

GROWTH REGISTERED IN EXPORT TRADE
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 4

[text] Ethiopia's export trade in 1980 has shown a 217-percent growth
compared with that of 1972, it was revealed in the monthly bulletin published
by the Ministry of Foreign Trade,

The publication reported that in 1972 Ethiopia earned 318 million Birr from
exports, whereas in 1980 she was able to make 1,009 million Birr from this
same sector, thus showing a marked growth in exports, The positive result

is attributed to the ongoing national economic reconstruction and development
campaign. The bulletin said the exports for 1980 have shown a 42 percent
increase over that of 1979, The commodities exported to socialist countries
have maintained an upward trend since 1978 which again demonstrates that
Ethiopia's overseas trade has taken a healthy course in the post-revolution
period.

According to the bulletin, most of the export business is now under government
control unlike in the past in which the state had no meaningful role at all,
The bulletin gave comparitive figures on the allocation of foreign exchange
earnings before and after the Revolution, It said in 1973 only 149 million Birr
was utilized for development purposes, while in 1980 around 440 million Birr
has been invested for development undertakings, The bulletin stressed ‘that
the foreign exchange earnings used for capital investment has gone up by 195
percent,

As further indicated by the ministry's publication, in pre-revolution days a
great portion of the country's foreign exchange earnings was spent on imports
of consumer goods. It said that in 1972 Ethiopia imported goods valued at

467 million Birr and the value of imports in 1980 amounted to 1,4 billion Birr,
showing a 200 percent rise in the course of nine years. Comparing the figures
for 1972 and 1981, the value of the imports totalled 467 million and 1.4
billion Birr respectively.

The publication said that Ethiopia makes the bulk of its foreign exchange
earnings from the export of coffee, hides and skins, oil seeds and pulses,
which account for 80 percent of the total earnings, The remaining 20 percent
is made from the export of horticultural products, meat and meat products,

21



NOTE

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are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as {Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



ZAMBIA

MUNDIA ANNOUNCES IMPORTATION OF FOUR MILLION BAGS OF MAIZE
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 May 82 p 5

[Excerpt] Zambia is to spend K70 million to import four million bags of maize to
offset this year's shortfall, Prime Minister Mundia announced in Mazabuka
yesterday,

The Government had already taken measures to import two million bags from
Zimbabwe at a cost of K35 million and the remaining half would come from any
other country by October,

Mr Mundia warned the nation to brace for tougher times ahead because of the
poor agricultural yield caused by drought,

The drought, which hit the Southern African region, will not only be felt
by human beings, but by animals as well.

Mr Mundia directed the Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources and district
councils to formulate by-laws to protect natural resources from indiscriminate
destruction,

Experience had shown that erosion and the drying up of rivers took place only
where indiscriminate destruction of nature was rampant,

Mr Mundia assured the nation the Party and its Government would overcome
any problems if given maximum support by the people,

The salvation of Zambia lay in the strength of the Party because it was the
only supreme institution with powers to consolidate unity and organise the
people at all levels,

Although some people criticised the Party's slogans and non=change of leader-

_ ship, Zambia had enjoyed stability for the past 17 years,

080: 4700/1220

64



But now, the Cuban themselves have finally realis-
_ ed that there is nothing like a little profit incentive to
meet development plans. Marxism-Leninism is great
on paper, but it does not put food on shelves. :
_ The Gazette hopes the Cubans are successful in
their search for foreign investment.

As a small country with a serious foreign exchange
problem and chronic shortages of vital plant and
equipment and essential commodities, Zimbabwe
well understands what the Cubans have been
through. We can only hope that it won’t take 25
years for our leaders to see the light.

cso: 4700/1226

75



cso:

their own people and not
necessarily to the government
of the day.’

He quoted further from the
Manifesto ‘.... the BNF govern-
ment shall not permit the
existence of the House of Chiefs
because the House of Chiefs is
justa useless instrument to make
the chiefs believe that they have
political power when in fact they
have not.’

Mr Kwelagobe went on to
question even “the very sincerity
of the BNF's pronouncement on
its adherence to the socialist
ideology.” He said at a recent
symposium at the Gaborone
campus of the UBS, Mr Giddie
advocated that socialism “was
the only answer to solving our
eonomic problems.” This, said
Mr Kwelagobe, was very different
to what was in the Basic
Document of the BNF. He quoted
_trom the relevant section:
‘From the nature of the
problems caused by our struggle,
from the tasks we have reviewed,
itis obvious that ours is certainty
not a socialist movement. Ours
is anational democratic struggle.
...We shall submit that ours is a
national democratic struggle and
definitely not a struggle for
socialism.

He commented: “One wonders
what it is that they are really
struggling for.” -

Mr Kwelagobe was then asked
to comment on the issue of the
two ‘unpopular Ministers.’

“He replied: “Iam assuming
that he was referring to me being
one of these Ministers because |

4700/1218

i

was one of the two who attacked
the BNF. Butall | can point out to
youis this: in the 1974 Elections,
I got over one thousand people
who voted for me. The ‘popular’
Secretary General of BNF Mr
Giddie could not even raise nine
persons to support his nomi-

ination paper - and that after five

syears of intensive campaigning

prior to the 1974 Elections in a
constituency of weil over thirty-
thousand people.”
~ In Botswana, continued Mr
Kwelagobe, there was no Gallup
Poll with which to measure a
politicians’s popularity. So he
did not know what yardstick the
BNF Secretary General used.
“What | do know though,” he!
explained “is that this ‘popular’
Secretary General of BNF, inthe
1979 Elections could only raise’
three hundred and twenty-three’
voters in the same constituency,
while the so-called unpopular
Secretary General of the BDP
raisedfive thousand four hundred’
and thirty-six voters in his !
constituency. ‘That is how
popular the Secretary General
of the BNF is.”

The Botswana National Front
has two Members in the 39
Member House of Parliament.
The Botswana Democratic Pary
has 33 Members. One seat is
held by the Botswana Peoples
Party (BPP).

Other Members are the
President Dr Q.K.J. Masire, the
Speaker Mr Jimmy Haskins and
the Attorney General, Mr Moleleki
Mokama. BOPA



cso:

During our struggle, one constant criticism levelled at the
Zambian leadership was that it tended to negotiate if not to
assume the leadership role of liberation movements. There were
times when liberation movements were in the dark as to what had
transpired between the Zambian government and Tan Smith.
ZANU (PF) for instance at one stage only learnt through foreign
Press reports that Smith had held talks with Dr Kaunda and
Joshua Nkomo!

Here, the dagger is that while Zambia ig keen on accelerating
the independence of Namibia, it may have contravened the Lusaka
Manifesto, and that the immediate gain of such talks is giving
Botha some credibility. .

The South African government of course will weleome any.

sign that will indicate division among frontline states and that
should be avoided. The announcement that Dr Kaunda wanted to
meet the South African regime was made soon after the Maputo
Frontline Summit. The subsequent comments by Ndugu President
Nyerete should leave the regime in no doubt that the talks were
between it and the Zambian government and not on behalf of the
frontline states.

Was there anything achieved apart from the 1000 beers
South Africans are saying Zambian officials consumed?

4700/1226

70



OGUN GROUP FORMED TO COUNTER PROGRESSIVE PEOPLES ALLIANCE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 May 82 p 5

[Text]

: N operation to
counter the moves
tby the Progressive
Peoples’ Alliance (PPA)
iin Ogun State has been:
-launched.
‘ According to a leading’
member of the Nation
‘Party of Nigeria (NPN)
in the state, Chief Bolaji
Oseni, a committee had
began work - starti:
:from the Ijébu Division
f the state to present a
atalogue of: black
vrecords of the PPA
Headers to the “down

“trodden” people of the °
‘state, PP °

Speaking. to the Dail
Times at an exclusive
interview in Lagos on
_Thursday, Chief Oseni,
said the ‘‘counter-
march” would be initial-
‘ly concentrated against
thé two architect of the
‘movement. —.. Dr.
‘Nnamdi Azikiwe and
‘Chief - Obafemi
‘Awolowo, i
& _ He said that inember:
“of the new commitins

shad _ visited Shagamu,
-Trolu, —Ijebu-Remo,

80: 4700/1208

28

Akaka, Mara and “Omw
to brief the people that
; the gang-up of the UPN,
UNDE, PRP and GNPE
as not in the interest of
“the common people of
the state.
| He said that as long as
‘the people continued to.
‘listen and obey what-
ever Chief Awolowo said
would continue to
“wallop in poverty.

Chief Oseni said they
would continue. to
preach to the people
that ‘‘enough = is
fenough” and that it was
Jtime to think and “leave
+ Chief Awolowo alone in
y the boat’. ;
> At Tper, Chief Oseni
i id ae told a lar
. gathering that it was in
id fhe: best interest of

Ijebu - people to. join
“hands with the Federal
{ Government so that the

ood things of life may
_.be.given to their sons
Ff and daughters.

Chief Oseni said the’

- so-called alliance cannot’
} work saying. Dr. Azi-
'. kiwe, would back out at

the last minute. -

NIGERIA



NIGERIA

NATIONAL CENSUS PERSONNEL TO TOUR OYO STATE
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Apr 82 p 7
[Article by Biodun Awani]

[vext] The National Population Commission is to embark on statewide
fertility survey in Oyo State lasting for a period of three months in
selected towns and villages.

The survey known as the "Nigeria Fertility Survey," is part of an inter-
national population research programme whose objective is to assess the
current state of human fertility in the state.

Announcing this in Ibadan while briefing members of the Press on the
proportions made so far the commission was the state resident commissioner
of the national population commission, Chief S,0, Dmitade.

Chief Omitade disclosed that the exercise which is also being conducted

in some 62 countries would afford the commission the opportunity to determine
the "internationally comparable and scientifically design surveys of
fertility behaviour."

He stated that according to the Director of the Commission, Mr F.J. Falodun
the survey was not being conducted in response to concerted international
research efforts alone, but also in realisation of the primary role of
fertility in the dynamics of the Nigerian population.

Fertility

He reiterated that the commission had to tow the line of others because in
many developing countries fertility currently constitutes the most important
demographic phenomenon which determine the size, growth rate and components
of population.

Also, he further noted that with the survey the commission would be able to
design the beginning of a series of efforts made by the newly established
commission in its bid to collect reliable demographic data for the country
as a whole.

cso: 4700/1208

35



UNZA TO START COURSES IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 4 May 82 p 3

[Excerpt]

“Centre for Continuing Educa-
“tion, on the Copperbelt - is “to
"start a series of courses in
scientific socialism ‘as from
next month.

|. The centre’s resident tutor,

\\Mr Dickson Mwansa said in’
i-Kitwe yesterday that the cour-
éses will be a comparative’
study of Humanism and scien-

tific socialism and would tty to
iprovide an understanding of

‘what is involved’ in the two”

ideologies.

Mr Mwansa said the centre
‘decided to teach scientific

“socialism because of the. inte-’

“rest it has ‘aroused: among
{People following the recently

“announced decision by the ,

f Paty and its’ Government. to

ihave  scientific~’ socialism:

© taught in schools,”

Target groups for the cour-"
es would include church lea-
ers, some of whom. have
‘vehemently opposed the tea-
jiching of scientific ‘socialism

as a subject in schools, he'said.:

cso: 4700/1220

60

ZAMBIA



APPROVAL GRANTED TO PERMIT NON-AFRICANS IN ADB

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 7 May 82 p 14

[Text]

cso:

world. -
j: The change by, Lagos
e a three-year con-
over

oil lucers, argued
that participaption
‘from outside the conti-

4700/1209

31

\ 82 per cent majority in
= of a capital

“crease the bank’s capi-
‘tal rom 2,7 billion dol-

‘more-needy countries,
the economic and politi-
cal stability of which

NIGERIA



Party's Decision Correct

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 May 82 p 1

[editorial]

[text]

i
i
{

cso:

Sambia }-attaches great

importance to the role

; that can, and should, be

i played by cooperatives

} in the nation’s economic

© development. That role
should be enhanced in
all ways.

‘Hence the correctness of

the decision of the Party
and its Government. to
replace Namboard oper-

i pions in the provinces

yy cooperative unions.

As observed by the regio-
nal director of the Inter-
national Cooperative AL
and Sout cy ivi
Ellie Enangishye, that
decision is an ‘‘expres-
sionofgreatconfiderice’’
in the cooperative move-
ment

He coupled his observa-

tion with the assurance
that the nation would

“not be disappointed”’
with the work being
done by the cooperati-
ves. Well and good, but
it should not be a hollow
pledge.

The managements of Za-

mbia’s cooperative uni-
ons need to be wt
above board and be

manned by high calibre
personnel not prone to
manipulating the ignor-
ance of their members

to theinbenefit,

4700/1220

“And yet tiete is the shock-

‘ing revelation that, all is
not well.in one of Zam-
bia’s biggest and show-
piece marketing coopet-
ative unions — the East-
ern Cooperative Union
Limited (ECU).

It is unbelievable but
shamefully true that
since 1980.the general

~ ‘manager and'the finan-
cial controller of the
ECU have been receiv-
ing TAX-FREE salaries:
and allowances totalling
over K80,000 and
K60,000 respectively,

This is far more than what
our top politicians get.
Furthermore the salari-
és of.our top leaders are
taxed..

"According to irrefutable
= evidence now in our
possession, the ECU’s
general manager’s gross
emoluments a year are
K80,358.' Those of the
financial controller are

/ K60,088 a veat.
., A breakdown shows that

the general manager
gets a basic. & free
ij of, K15.000. Ad-
» BEN Mis are a K1,920
housing allowance, a
> . Ki,500 car allowance
‘(although he has an offi-
cial car), and an enter-
' tainment allowance of
*  K1,440. ;
: Because his salary is tax

t
E

63

. ttée"the ECU pays out
the tax for him totalling
K41,380 a year. Adde
to all this is an annual
gratuity of K7,438 for
which tax is borne by
the union to the tune of
K11.680 a year. .

: The corresponding figures

for the ECU financial

; controller are K13,750

basic annual tax free
salary: K1.200 car al-
lowances; K720 enter-
tainment. allowance,
K900 children’s gllow-
ance, K31,510 tax borne
by the ECU; two-year
gratuity K10,554_ for
which the ECU paid
: K13,462 in taxes.

What is actually vexing is
that these tax free sala-
ries- and allowances
were not authorised by

+ the full ECU board of
+ directors. Neither were
they initially discussed
by the union’s executive
committee meeting on
; October 26, 1979.

“Worse still the matter

was not discussed at

any subsequent board
meetings held between
October 26, 1979 and
February 23, 1982.’ a
» pertinent document re-
i veals.
(Where is the nation head--
‘ing to if such things are
allowed? ,



REACTION NOTED TO AGE REQUIREMENT FOR STUDENTS

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Apr 82 p 7

[text]

CSO:

'S ‘age synonimous
with wisdom’. It is

t saddening and outrage-

ous that the government
now want age to be an

{added . criterion for

admission into higher

£ institution.

It is pertinent to note

: that barely after the
« Federal vernment's
‘white paper on th
, Belgore Tribunal

§ prosecubion, members of
_ the Federal use of
; Representatives
Fallegedly went .o;
rampage, breaking the
country’s mace, And js
it not the same House of
{Representative that
-members have had
_ course to-engage in gun
; drawing? We are bound
ito ask - if stk is
_gynonimous with wis-

a ‘These are the words of
tthe University of
jStadents Union at a

ess. conference in
lbadan. The students
| who were reacting to
“recommendation of. the
'Belgore Tribunal that

4700/1208

41

age limit may be
| iredaesd to the
ission
+ students:to ne Gaiver
{sity n that “by this
Tecommendation, the
ea overnment is
uestioning the basis of
olarship “and . intel-
"legtual development in
fthis country adding that,
sit borders on the point of
;democracy. in our
educational system.
They. described the
recommendation as a
‘most illiterate | and
suncivilized . submission’
‘adding ‘that it was
‘another form of quota
osystem based. on age,
© which according to the’
i ‘students, is a supersti-
tious and a deliberate
iene ‘to. place a
jbarrier ‘on quest for
tnowlege and scientific
‘development.

i “We ‘are thus calling

‘on all democratic bodies
including the Press to
(save this omy from
this looming mity”
they lament ented.

NIGERIA



There is.the need for better informed workers and trade
‘union officials — better informed in union procedures, in Gov-
‘ernment policies, and in the/art of negotiation with employers.
o> There have been some worthwhile moves in this respect,

with international union leaders visiting Zimbabwe, with offers
of training from France, for example, and with courses, such as
'that run ‘for PTC workers last month.

But much more will be needed. The ZCTU, once it has
{ appointed a secretary-general, should give priority to assessing
what training is required, who could give tt, and how it could be
financed. Seminars or courses at the university during vacations
might be desirable and should be possible to arrange.

‘cso: 4700/1226

83



PRESIDENT INJECTS HOPE FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 27 Apr 82 p 1

[article by Monty Letshwitil]

[text]

THE PRESIDENT Dr Q.K.J.
Masire has expressed optimism
that Botswana will start
recovering from the current
economic recession when the
prices of diamonds begin
improving on the London-based
Central Selling Orgainsation
(CSO).

Speaking at Orapa’s closed
mine township ata cocktail party
organised for him by the Orapa
and Letlhakane mine manage-
ment on Friday night at the end
of his tour of Boteti constituency,
Dr Masire expressed hope that
the trade recovery of the
country’s chief export earner,
diamonds should begin in the
near future. Botswana will then
be ready to resume it's normal
sales on the market.

Dr Masire returned to
Gaborone on Saturday. When
he spoke on private sector
employment, the President
reiterated that the employers
should adhere consistantly with
government's localisation
programme. He warned that the
programme should be seen to
be effective and progressive so
that it meets intended pace and
purpose of the country’s
industrialand economic develop-
ment.

Before his return to Gaborone
at the end of the tour of Boteti
area, the President toured the
open mine inthe closed township
of Orapa and Letihakane Mine,
at the invitation of the General

Manager Mr Thomas Whitelock.

When extending his invitation
to the’President to tour the mine
Mr Whitelock praised Dr Masire
for his tour of Boteti

‘constituency, saying that it was

fand consultation with electorate
| still prevails in Botswana through
|the Botswana Democratic Party
| (BDP) administration.

Mr Whitelock asured the
-President that the mining
| company in Orapa would work
| hard to make a substantive
| contribution to the economy of

the country when diamond sales
recover in the world market.

The President was given atour
| of Orapa mine, where he saw the
| various dapartments of the mine

such as the diamond sorting
' section, Training section, the
Fitting and Turning workshop:
|and the Electrical and Surveying
/ sectors.

\ In the fitting and turning

| workshops trainees produce

| basic tools to be used during
emergency mechanical
breakdowns. However the mine
still imports spare-parts from
outside.

Inthe diamond sorting section,
Mr Whitelock told the President
and other dignitaries in the party,
which included the Minister of
Agriculture Mr Washington
Meswele, as well as the Assistant
Minister of Local Government
and Lands Mr Lesedi
Mothibamele, the D.C for Serowe
Mr Marcus Rowland and local
authorities, that Letihakane
diamonds were better than those:
of Orapa in quality.

Ina quick interview at the end
ofthe mine tour by the President,
Mr Whitelock told BOPA that 92
per cent of the mine posts were
localised and there were only
210 expatriates in the senior posts
including outside mine employ-
ment.

BOTSWANA



Bill To Abolish Emirate, Traditional Councils Brings Violence
(A. B. Tapidi; NEW NIGERIAN, 7 Apr 82)....... eee ee cer ece

National Census Personnel To Tour Oyo State
(Biodun Awani; DAILY TIMES, 30 Apr 82)......

Appeal for More Newsprint Published
(Editorial; DAILY STAR, 1 May 82)......eeeeeeee .

Economic Situation Blamed on Federal Government
(John Nwosu; DAILY STAR, 1 May 82)......+..0+ eee eeeeeeeee

Economic Situation Blamed on Low Productivity
(Editorial; DAILY TIMES, 30 Apr 82).........

Opposition of UPN to Economic Measures Noted
(DAILY TIMES, 1 May 82)...... see eeeeee

Reaction Noted to Age Requiremet for Students
(DAILY TIMES, 30 Apr 82).

Austerity Measures Reported Hitting Steel Industry
(DAILY TIMES, 1 May 82)..

Briefs
Unregistered Political Association
New Protocol With Yugoslavia

SOUTH AFRICA

University Expansion Plans Described
(SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST, 23 Apr 82)......eeeeeeee wee eceeee

Fresh-Water Prawns Raised in Lowveld
(Chris Steyh; THE CITIZEN, 13 May 82).....seeeseeeeeeee

Taiwan Interested in Gazankulu Prawn Project
(THE CITIZEN, 13 May 82)........+.-00- bee eee eee reeee o

Briefs
SA-Israeli Similarities
Hydraulic Test Benches
Exports Up, Imports Down
Oil Search Cut-Back
Fort Hare ‘Pack of Lies'

TANZANIA

Briefs
Salim Views S. African Issues

34

35

36

38

39

40

Al

42

43

43

44

46

50



NIGERIA

ECONOMIC SITUATION BLAMED ON FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 1 May 82 p 3
[article by John Nwosul

[text] A law maker from Anambra State, Mr Linus Okonkwo has said that lack
of sound economic programme, inflated and overloaded contracts and indis-
criminate issuing of licences were responsible to the nation's economic
disaster.

Mr Okonkwa, who is the chairman of Education Committee of Anambra State
House of Assembly believed that it was not enough to blame it all on the
so-called oil glut and international conspiracy.

Mr Okonkwo made these observations in a statement released in Enugu yesterday
on the nation's economic situation.

He said that if it were in a more advanced country the Federal Government
should resign for her economic mess.

The law maker called on the entire people of this country to read the hand-
writing on the wall by rejecting the National Party of Nigeria for woefully
plunging the country into an unprecedented economic chaos,

He recalled how the NPP had, during the campaign period, appealed to the
entire people to reject the NPN at the polls because of its poor economic
programme and how the NPP had soon after the breakup of NPN-NPP accord
warned the NPN controlled federal government against shameless flouting of
the Nigerian constitution and extravagant spending of the nation's funds in
destabilizing state governments.

He pointed out that when Chief Obafemi Awolowo and other well meaning
Nigerians alerted the nation that our economy was ailing, Federal authorities
dismissed the warning and gave the impression that all was well with Nigeria.

Mr Okonkwo noted that now that the truth had come out, it was incumbent on
the NPN controlled federal government to tell the people of this country
what had happened to the nation's economy,

He therefore appealed to the entire people of this country to support the
Progressive Peoples Alliance in its effort to return this country to sound
economic: footing.

cso: 4700/1209 38



ZIMBABWE

TIMING, SIGNIFICANCE OF KAUNDA-BOTHA MEETING RAPPED

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 8

[Editorial:

[Text]

"Anything Gained?)

THE content, the timing and the authorship of President
Kaunda’s plan to meet with the South African Prime Minister,
Mr Botha are all tempting targets for ridicule.

There is probably no conspiracy about the attitude of the
South African apartheid supporting Press towards Dr Kaunda.
But it remains true that an African leader can expect sympathetic
treatment only when he embraces and accepts South Africa’s
occupation of Namibia and its oppressive system.

Anwar Sadat of Egypt made history when he flew to Israel
to negotiate for the return of his country’s occupied land by
Zionist Israel but in the process lost his credibility in both the
Arab and progressive worlds.

But when President Kaunda drove through. South African
territory to meet the South African Prime Minister, history was
not made for it was NOT the first time he was meeting South
African leaders.

For President Kaunda to say that his 1975 meeting with
Botha’s predecessor, John Vorster, helped to hasten the end of
oppression in this country and the attainment of true indepen-
dence is unfortunate. No Zimbabwean can deny Zambia’s: contri-
butions towatd the independence of this country. But had it not
been for the sacrifice on the battlefield and the unflinching
support of the Zimbabwean people toward the Patriotic Front
forces that meeting and other numerous meetings with Ian Smith
could not have produced the kind of independence we now enjoy.

Dr Kaunda’s fellow black leaders in Southern Africa have
remained silent or have, like Ndugu President Nyerere of Tan-
sania east doubt on the usefulness of meeting South Africans at
such a level. Our Prime Minister, Comrade. Mugabe, has spelt out
his position: Zimbabwe would not be involved in these talks.

69



HELP CREATE SOCIALISM, PM TELLS CHURCH

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 1

[text]

»ZIMBABWE

“THE Prime Minister, Mr Mugabe, yesterday called on the Church to join the Government
in creating a socialist state.

Addressing heads of denominations from all over the country, he said the Church should
find no objection to socialist philosophy because Christian teaching could not be reconciled

‘to the “‘avaricious”
nature of capitalism.
" “Join us, . therefore,
in our socialism and
‘hunianitarianiem — and
ryou are perfectly free
"to bring God and all
:He stands for with

| you,” the Prime Minis.

ter said. *

-He said his party had
, always ‘believed that the
}Mirection of its actions and
programmes must be de-
termined by its ideological
orientation and according-
ply ZANU (PF) believed in

“socialism ‘based. on
Marxist-Leninist prin-
| ciples,

“We are proud that this
is our philosophy because
‘tts morality is collective

iand therefore selfless. It
is a philosophy which de-
mands that we always
“think of the whole of us.
“The whole people first
— that is, the total in-
\ terest of the people before
‘we consider the individual
and his individual in-
' terests.”
Socialism was a recog-
inition of the coincidence of
interests, an equation of
man and a common social

csO: 4700/1226

denominator. The Govern-
ment would not <llow in-
dividuals to own the coun-
try’s natural resources.

“No, we shall not accept
that, even though we
might for now tolerate this
selfish and exploitative in-
dividualism as we design
the modalities of our s0-
clalist system," the Prime
Minister said.

Minerals and other re-
Sources were the common
or collective property of
the ° Beople of Zimbabwe.

ey had to be.shared and
enieves ‘by all the people.

‘Mr Mugabe said that as
the country poised itself
for the Three-Year Tran-
sitional National Develop-
ment Plan, there was
more need for partnership
between the State and the
Church. The concern of the
Government should be the
concern of the Church,

“Tn short we should be
atone and accept that
the State's’ struggle for
transformation “is also
the Church's _ struggle.”

the Prime Minister said.

Now that the armed
struggle had been won, it
was the victory for ZANU
(PF), ZAPU, ‘the Church
and the people as a whole.
The next struggle should
be against — ignorance,
hunger, poverty and di-
sease,

78

ZANU (PF) and the
Government were grate-
ful to the Church for the’ '
role it had played in
“striving for the creation
‘of a democratic society.

The good work they had
perforuied inthe humani-
tarian fieid during the
bitter years of the libera-
tion struggle ‘iad helped: |
to sell Curistian principles
“more effectively “td nume-
rous families and homes
in Zimbabwe ‘than a
thousand sermons on
humanitarianism and
charity woud have done.

‘The task now before
the Church and the Gov-
ernment was turning ‘in-
dependence and democrat-
ic order into an instru-
“ment for — transforming
the lives of the people
qualitatively.

Government _develop-
ment programmes offered
the churches ' abundant
room for participation in
their accomplishment, Mr
Mugabe said each de-
nomination would ‘be ex-
pected to plan how it
would participate in the
development of the society
over the next three years.

Although (many

churches had made’ ‘valu-
able contributions to the
improvement of educa-
tional and health facilities
in the country, there was
need for expansion and
growth and development.
“We need more and better
schools and hospitals.”

‘There was need for in-
creased participation by
the churches in promoting
better agriculture and
social lives among rural
people. ‘There was also
need for greater morality
and complete elimination
of racism, tribalism and
regionalism.

‘The Government would
expect the churches to do
their spiritual and mater-
jal best in the areas.

y. During the Government's

transformation program-
thes and. socialist revolu-
tion, the working class
and’ the peasantry would
be the backbone of the
developing socialist 0-
ciety.

The Prime Minister
hoped that socialist intel-
lectuals, professionals and
the student body would

provide the intellectual
and ideological lead to
“them.



I

180282
JPRS 80895
25 May 1982
|
|

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No, 2628

201 81608661

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

" pePRoDUCED BY
NATIONAL TECHNICAL g
INFORMATION SERVICE

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE /0
. SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 .

ae



Effect of New Council of State Examined
(Bernard Degioanni; AFP, 9 May 82)........

ETHIOPIA

Weekly Wrap-Up of Non-English Press
(Dereje Balcha; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 2 May 82).........005

Growth Registered in Export Trade
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 1 May 82).....cccecccecccccceeceteee

Maintenance of Water Pipe Line Underway
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 29 Apr 82).cecceeeececeeecrceeces eee

Briefs
Grain in Donation
Red Sea Flour Mill
District Trade Unions
Disease Resistant Coffee

LIBERIA

Doe Stops in Hong Kong; Consul Relieved
(Radio ELWA, 14 May 829........ tence cence reece e nen eseeecees

Details of Agreement With China Aired
(Radio ELWA, 18 May 82)..

NIGERIA

Ogun Group Formed To Counter Progressive Peoples Alliance
(DAILY TIMES, 1 May 82).....ecececeeeeeeeeee see eeeeeeeeneee

Renewal of Diplomatic Relations With Israel Viewed
(Lagos International Service, 20 Apr 82, NAN,
18, 16 Apr 82)

Papers Call for Normalization
Nigerians at IPU Meeting Divided
Israel Asks Renewed Ties

Approval Granted Yo Permit Non-Africans in ADB
(THE CITIZEN, 7 May 82).......

ECOWAS Aliens Now Said To Jotal 1 Million
(DALLY STAR, 1 May 82)...

Nigerians Reportedly Harassed in Ghana
(WEST AFRICA, 26 Apr 82).

18

19

21



LIBERIA

DOE STOPS IN HONG KONG; CONSUL RELIEVED
4B142012 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 1900 GMT 14 May 82

[Text] Head of State Samuel K. Doe and party arrived in Saudi Arabia yester-
day evening after over 10 hours flight from Hong Kong. On arrival at (Galak)
international airport, Head of State Doe was met by a greeting party led by
¢rown prince and other high-ranking Saudi Government officials. The head of
state is making a 2-day unofficial visit to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Head of State Doe's expected 1-day visit to Hong Kong had to be cancelled

due to administrative reasons. The commander in chief and party only waited
for nearly 8 hours in Hong Kong for the refueling of the special plane (?they
were traveling) in, the national Boeing 707. Meanwhile Mr [name indistinct]
has been relieved from office as Liberia's consul-general in Hong Kong for
negligence of duty and act of gross disrespect to Head of State Doe when

the Liberian leader arrived in Hong Kong yesterday. The Government of Liber-
ia has therefore revoked Mr [name indistinct] (?Strong) diplomatic passport
and ordered him to return all government property and equipment: over to the
Liberian Ambassador to China, Mr George T. Washington, who was in Hong Kong
for the visit of Head of State Doe. The office of maritime affairs, Mr [name
indistinct], has been asked by Head of State Doe to proceed to Hong Kong to
normalize the situation.

In continuation of his current six Afro-Asian nation tour which has ‘already
taken him to Egypt, China and Korea, with brief stop-over at Hong Kong, Head
of State Doe's next visit will be Algeria starting tomorrow.

cso: 4700/1213

26



ZIMBABWE

UK HELP FOR NEW STUDENTS' GROUPING REPORTED
Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 4

[text] A senior official of the British National Union of Students is to
visit Zimbabwe soon to assist the newly formed National Students’ Union of
Zimbabwe.

The Secretary-General of NASUZI, Mr Lloyd Gwatidzo said in an interview in
Harare last week that the official grom the NUS would arrive here before
his organisation's annual delegates’ conference in October.

The visiting official will tour various institutions, assist in training
office-bearers and also outline the functions of a student body.

"Wis presence," Mr Gwatidzo said, "will give our union an international
perspective."

The first task of the new students' body will be to organise provincial
executives in rural areas.

Urging all students throughout the country to form students’ executives as
soon as possible, Mr Gwatidzo added that the students in Victoria province
had already embarked on this exercise.

The Ministry of Education and Culture, in a letter addressed to the orga~
nisation this month acknowledges the formation of the new students’ union.

Mr Gwatidzo said the main aim of NASUZI would be to provide a common banner
for all students in Zimbabwe after the country's acceptance into the inter-
national fold,

The union would also promote a Zimbabwean cultural identity, assist in see

seeking solutions to students’ problems and arouse the consciousness of
the students to educational, economic, political and social issues.

cso: 4700/1226

85



ZIMBABWE

MVUMA MERGER DELAY ‘CAUSING HARDSHIP FOR BLACK PEOPLE'

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 7

[text]

“quae delay in the merging

‘of the former Mvuma area

committee and the Mvuma

area board is causing
hardship for the black |
population -. there, the

board’s © chairman, Mr

Philip Maramba, said here

this week, ~

. In an interview with

Ziana Mr. Maramba said:

“The board which is made

up of Africans has to

jcarry people's grievances

and needs to the Mvuma

area committee which in

turn puts them forward

to the Charter-Chilimanzi

. rural council in Chivhu.

“The area tommittee is

made up of whites only ,

and they do not put. our
grievances and needs ef-
(fectively at the rural
‘council or delay in doing

He added that only he.
the chairman of the board,

csO: 4700/1226

is allowed to attend the
area committee’s meeting
but he had “no vote or
jwoice”.
“The Government prom-
ised us a long time ago
‘that the board and com-
| mittee would merge s0
‘that Africans could have
‘more say at the rural
‘council meetings but this
(has not yet been: done,”
| Mr Maramba said.

|-He blamed the Mvuma,

jarea committee for the
| difficulties now being. ex-
 perienced by some of Mus-
|-hayavudzi suburb's resi-
dents in Mvuma.
| ‘The Government had
granted money for the
building of housing which
would be rented at $35 but
| when the houses were fin-
‘shed the rent was raised
1°) $66,” said’ Mr Maramba.
i. “This was caused by the
| area committee who em-

(ployed @” contractor” who
; did not finish the job in
' time, so making the rents
' higher.”
\ A meeting had been
held this week “between
the area board and an
lofficial from the rural
Yeouncil about this matter,
\he added. i
‘The area committee had
jexplained that $46 of the
$66 rent was going to the
{Government. .
“This would not. have
‘happened if the contrac-
itor had built the houses
in time and I know of
jother areas where the
same houses are being
rented for $18,” Mr. Mar-
amba said.
He ‘also disclosed that
the Mvuma area board
‘had applied. for money
to build 300 houses to re-
place the pole and dagga
‘houses’ in ‘Mushayavudzi,
: suburb,—Ziana.



Giddie Strikes Back

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Apr 82 p 1

[text]

RECENT public condem-
nation of Botswana National
Front (BNF) policy by
Botswana Democratic Party
(BDP) officials, is to pave the
way for the imposition of a
one-party state in Botswana,
BNF officials have claimed.
Inatelephone call to BOPA,
BNF’s Secretary General Mr
Mareledi Giddie said: “The
ultimate intention of the BDP
government is to make one
party state since the death of
,President Khama. The
, reasons being that contradic- |
tions within BDP represen-!
tatives have developed to an:
unprecedented stage.” '

Mr Giddie who was reacting
to recent BDP statement, '
further alleged that contradic- |
tions between the ruling!
class, the civil service, the!
army, the police and the!
intellectuals becoming the
acute as revealed by recent
statements made by two most
unpopular young ministers.”

In a recent political
meeting, BDP officials
denounced BNF policies and
stated that the opposition
party intended to use force
to come to power if they lost
the 1984 elections.

Cabinet Ministers; Mr
Daniel Kwelagobe of the'
Public Servie and Informa-
tion; MrG.U.S. Matihabaphiri,
Assistant Minister of
Agriculture; Mr Lesedi
Mothibamele, Acting Minister
of Local Government..and
Lands and Mrs Kebatshabile
Disele, Home Affairs Minister,
Joined hands in condemning
BNF’s policies recently.

Responding tothe accusations, -
Mr Giddie said: “BNF has no
intention to engage in an armed
struggle or to overthrow the
government if we lost the 1984
elections. Our intention is to
come to power through the ballot
box.”

He was quick to add: “If we
lose the elections we will
continue as we have continued.
But we are convinced that we
will win. If BDP does not cheat
and if we are involved in all the
preparations for the elections,
then we will win.”

Mr Giddie added: “All we are
worried about Is that BDP will
declare a one party state. Thatis
what we are worried about.”

In response to a question
related to the one party state
claim Mr Giddie said: “If they
do... if... they declare a one party
state, then we will go back to the
people who will decide. The
people would fightfortheirrights. +
1 don't know by what means.”

Mr Giddie challenged BOP |
Ministers to “produce evidence
of the recent statements” that
the opposition party wanted to
overthrow the government.

+ Inthe recent political meetings,
Mr Kwelagobe had stated that
he was convinced that the BNF
intended to overthrow the
government whereas Mr
Matihabaphiri had read from
BNF's pamphlet No. 1, expressing
that there would be no freedom
of speech and no free press
under a BNF government.

Mr Giddie claimed that
Pamphlet -No. 1 had been
misinterpreted.

In the lengthy telephone
message, Mr Giddie claimed that
there was no democracy In
Botswana.

“The BNF has always revealed
to the people of Botswana that
there is no democracy in
Botswana because democracy
isaclass word, and ifit exists itis
only for the ruling class.”

He denounced Government
policies, stating that ‘the problems
which demanded immediate
attention were drought, un-
employmentand Standard Seven
drop-outs. “Ina word, economic
reorganisation of our country
from a sorry mess.”

“What the BNF is saying is that
unpopular policies like ALDEP,
TGLP, and massive salary
increases for politicians are

irrelevant to the present
economic crisis. Let it be known
that when we address ourselves
to poverty on behalf of the
masses of Botswana, itis not the
same thing as advocating for
bloodshed.”

Mr Giddiesaid the BDP govern-
ment must address itself to these
problems and not the BNF “as if
the BNF is drought or unemploy-
ment.” “Failure to resolve these
will only lead to BDP spokesmen
making wild statements in
attempts to divert the people's
attention from the real problems
as evidenced by the two most
unpopular young ministers in
the BDP government.”

“However, the pretext of such
statements is not far fetched.
The ultimate intention of the BDP.
is to make a one party state since
the death of President Khama.”

Mr Giddie also said Botswana's
problems were also due to “the
contradictions between govern-
ments and international
monopoly capital as revealed by
Botswana stock piling diamonds
while diamonds of South Africa
and other countries are still
selling.”

“These contradictions are
qualitatively different and must
be resolved by qualitatively
different methods.”

“But BDP sees BNF as the

, source of these contradictions.
What BNF is saying is that the
objective material conditions is
asore to every Motswana except
the ruling class. It is most unfair
that the Minister of Public Service

| and Information should attack
innocent people like civil servants
who cannot reply. He is actually

, supposed to protect them,

‘ especially that he is the head of
the civil service.” Mr Giddie did
not expound on this.

| Healso alleged that some time
back the BOP government

| withdrew 17 passports of BNF
members under the pretext that
the BNF party wanted to over-

; throw the goverment, “but they

| failed to prove that we were going
| to_overthrow the government.”
BOPA



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

SALIM. VIEWS S. AFRICAN ISSUES--Arusha: Tanzania has called on the ‘internation-
al community to double its efforts in solving problems which have threatened
the international peace and stability. The call was made in Arusha today

by the foreign minister, Ndugu Salim*Ahmad Salim, in his opening address to
a 2-day meeting of African editors and publishers. Ndugu Salim said that the
world community should take a bold approach in tackling the arms race as well
as the Southern African and Middle East problems which are a threat to peace
and stability in the world. The minister explained that the mass media could
play a crucial role in publicizing the potential catastrophe which could be
unleashed from those major issues. Ndugu Salim said time was running out for
seeking a negotiated settlement of Namibia and warned that armed struggle
would intensify as South Africa continued to play for time. He added that
the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa was the major source

of conflict and instability in Africa in particular, and the world in gen-
eral. The minister said as long as apartheid persisted it was not possible
to have peace in Southern Africa. He called for the necessary measures to be
taken to force South Africa to abandon apartheid. [Text] [EA062046 Dar es
Salaam in English to East Central and Southern Africa 1600 GMT 6 May 82]

cso: 4700/1213

50



cso:

But it is. alla question of how
Jong companies like MTD can hold
on'— if they do not get Goverment
backing, in the form of
devaluation:

EMIGRATION

The group, which consists of
three Zimbabwe companies, has
been severely hit by the emigration
of skilled workers and MTD
(Mangula) has been forced to
recruit from overseas. There are 17
' already working at the mine — and
more are likely to come.

‘This overseas recruitment has
been approved by _the
Government. Said Mr Mitchell:
“Mangia employs or supports’
over 9,000 people in that town.
The Government certainly does
not want that to disappear
overnight.

“That can be seen in the way the
Government has assisted us with
the guarantee and in getting the
needed skilled workers.””

COLLAPSE

A second MTD company,
Lomagundi Smelting and Mining '
(Pvt) Ltd, also near Chinhoyi, is'
also losing money and, if
Mangula collapsed, this would
follow suit. The group itself, which
includes. MTD . Management |
Services and which.is a member of
the Messina Group in South
Africa, would survive.

(See Page 11 for MTD (Mangula) '
Ltd’s interim report). .

The copper industry’ worldwide
has been severely hit by declining '
world prices and some producers,
faced -with Josses, have cut "back

4700/1226

92

production and even closed.

Major producers in the USA
have cut output in varying degrees
in anticipation of an improved
market.’ Developing countries
dependant on copper production
for economic activity and foreign
exchange, earnings remain
reluctant to formalise production
cutbacks.

NEW VENTURES
‘The commodity review of the

" Standard Chartered Bank has put

world. mine- output last year at
6,4m tonnes (1980: 6m t). The
increase: was largely due. to
improved US production on the
strike affected 1980 level.

‘The closures and cutbacks have
not, however, stopped new

ventures, from being undertaken.
Despite somie closures in the

Philippines, a special compens- |

atory fund has been established to
offset losses while. progress
continues on anew sinelter and
fabrication plant funded by Japan.

Chile and Peru aremaking fresh
assessments of proposed expansion:
plans, In Zambia, the merger of
the two mining corporations into
Zambia consolidated mines has
been completed. Finance for the
K206m projects to re-process the
tailings dumps -at Nchanga has
been arranged. *

As closures and cutbacks are
unlikely to be reinstated until
prices are sustained at a profitable
level, a_ combination of ‘physical
shortages, an economic upturn and
Jower interest rates could boost
copper later in the year.



ZIMBABWE

DUICH GIVE $2 MILLION FOR RURAL REBUILDING
Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 4

[text] The Dutch government and donor agencies in Holland have given more
than $2 million towards the reconstruction of schools in Zimbabwe,

This came to light during a tour of schools in the Zambezi Valley last week
by officials representing the donors,

The officials who toured Machaya, Utete, Kapembere and Kahungwe primary
schools in Mzarabani area in Zimbabwe to assess and carry out a survey on
the reconstruction of primary schools in communal areas,

They are Mr G.M. Jenkinson, the managing director of a Dutch consulting
engineering company, based in Nairobi and Mr J.A. van Oven, a constructional
engineer,

Both men are touring the country in consultation with the Government,
provincial authorities and district conncils to see the contribution by the
community towards the development of schools,

Addressing parents at Machaya school during their tour, Mr Van Oven said:

"I am here to evaluate the reconstruction of primary schools and file a
report to the Netherlands and donor agencies, Donor agencies are interested
in the effort and spirit of workmanship each community puts into its project."

He said donors alone had given $2 million while the Dutch government contrib-
uted $200 000 towards the projects,

The two officials were accompanied during their tour by senior staff from
the Mashonaland Central Provincial Authority district administration and
the Mzarabani district’ council,--ZIS

cso: 4700/1226

71



NIGERIA

ECOWAS ALIENS NOW SAID TO TOTAL 1 MILLION
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 1 May 82 p 6

[text] About one million aliens from member countries of ECOWAS are now
residing illegally in Nigeria,

It has also been discovered that the aliens were aided and abetted by some
unscrupulous Nigerians and foreigners.

The Minister of Internal Affairs, Alhaji Ali Baba, revealed this at a Press
briefing in Lagos.

He further disclosed that in Lagos are alone, about 1,000 of such people were -
deported between January and March, 1982,

Alhaji Ali Baba pointed out that ECOWAS citizens found guilty of criminal
offences or who were not in possession of necessary travel documents were
either deported or repatriated.

He said that as part of efforts to contain the situation, an alien's regis-
tration exercise was being carried out by his Ministry to ensure that illegal
immigrants were ejected from Nigeria.

The Minister had earlier revealed that in 1982 alone, 648,901 foreigners
entered Nigeria through the recognised immigration control posts out of whom
456,391 were males and 182,510 femles.

He stated that citizens of ECOWAS countries entered Nigeria in thousands
daily in search of jobs, some with valid travel documents while many

entered illegally through unrecognised routes where there were no immigration
control posts.

He said that a Training School for Immigration Officers had been established
in Kano to improve the standard of the officers in the performance of their
duties,

He added that up to date about 180 Senior Immigration Officers had benefitted
from advanced immigration courses in the United States of America.

Alhaji Baba emphasised that the training programmes were necessary because
the duties of an Immigration Officer were very challenging and required skill,
tact and discretion,

cso: 4700/1209 32



UNIVERSITY EXPANSION PLANS DESCRIBED

SOUTH AFRICA

Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 23 Apr 82 p 2

[text]

n
Extracts from a report by Neville
March 3 edition of Growth .

In 1976, a huge “physical” explo-

sion was under way at South Afri-

jca's White universities. Projects

‘costing millions of rands were

‘completed between 1970 and

'1975 and universities in 1976

were either engaged on projects |

‘or had planned schemes for the |

future to a total value of more !

than R140 million.

_ Between 1964 and 1973 there

was a much increased _birth-rate |

lof Whites, but after 1973 there |
was a sharp decrease. The older '
universities have to take this sit- !
uation into account in future plan- '

ning.

Ranged against this anticipated
trend is the fact that Natal and
Cape Town universities have re-
‘corded big increases in the num-
ber of Biack students — Natal’s
numbers (not including medical
school students) rose from 524 in
1980 to 612 in 1981; and Cape ©
Town University says the percent: |
age increase has risen by 2,5
compared with 1979 figures (Black
students there make up 11,9% of |
the total student population com- |
pared with 5,15 in 1971).

Another fact is that financing
universities from public funds is }
unlikely to increase in the immedi- |
ate future and universities will |
continue tcgpattle against the rate |
of inflation & 4

For instance, the University of |

the Witwatersrand will need R25

44

ahead to.2000

jullian which appeared in the

million over thé next tive years if it
is to continue expanding and pro-
ducing the vital educational func-
ition for the future growth and sta-
bility of South Africa.

Natal University will need R60
imillion in endowment funds over
the next few years when State
subsidies become a thing of the
past. Professor Pieter de Villiers
| Booysen, vice principal, has ap-
:pealed to large national and re-
| gional businesses to support a
i trust fund set up to eliminate an
| expected deficit of R1 million a
year.

| million building expansion pro-
gramme for the Durban, Pieter-
imaritzburg and Medical Schoo!
| campuses.

Plans are under way for a R25 |

| The University of the Orange '

Free State has a number of major
‘projects between 1980 and 1987,
|A number of the costly items are:
new library, R8 870 000, Little
‘Theatre (drama department) with
i seating for 300, R2 670.000; Fac-


OIL SEARCH CUT-BACK--A R10-million budget cut in Soekor's exploration
programme to March next year--from R78, 3-million to R67, 5-million=-coincides
with a decision to cancel a third drilling rig intended for the offshore oil
exploration programme next year. There will now be a drop in the pace of
South Africa's oil-exploration programme which, over a period of 17 years
has cost arourid R300-million in establishing gas reserves of 11 000-million
m, Sedco 708, the second of two rigs tapping the FA structure offshore of
Mossel Bay, has already returned to the Alaskan fields and will not be
replaced until early next year, Sunday Times, Business Times, April 18
Ivext] [Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 23 Apr 82 p 10]

FORT HARE "PACK OF LIES'--Johannesburg--Reporters and "traitors" had told a
"pack of lies" about recent demonstrations at the University of Fort Hare
in Alice, Ciskei, the Ciskei Department of Foreign Affairs and Information
said in a statement yesterday, The statement said it was "disconcerting"
to observe that some people had "insidiously given the impression that the
demonstrations at Fort Hare were directed at the President of the Republic
of Ciskei (Dr Lennox Sebe). "Dr Sebe was not at the function. The obvious
purpose of such politically and morally mlicious reporting was, of course,
to diminish the credihility of the Ciskei leadership," said the department.
It attributed the adverse publicity generated by the Fort Hare incident to
the "deliberate dissemination of a "pack of lies' from reporters and traitors
whose intention is to discredit the sovereignty of the Ciskei nation in the
eyes of the democratic western world," --Sapa [text] [Johannesburg THE
CITIZEN in English 14 May 82 p 8]

80: 4700/1224

49



cso:

ulty of Education, offices, lab-
oratories and lecture rooms,
R3 360 000, new facilities for the
Department of Microbiology,
R2 810 000, extension of medical
building for physiotherapy, occu-
pational therapy, orthopaedic de-
partment and ophthamology etc.
R3 000 000.

Rhodes University is going
ahead with two new building pro-
jects at a cost of nearly R3 million
to improve the teaching and re-
search facilities for several depart-
ments.

Stellenbosch is investigating
ways and means for better utilisa-
tion of existing facilities, and has
the proposed satellite campus
planned for Durbanville under re-
view. The university says a sub-
stantial increase will have to be
met in the demand for university
study from 1983 to 1993 with a
sharp decrease thereafter.

The university has awarded a
_ contract for the building of a R9,2-
| million underground library.

The Stellenbosch enrolment has
now reached 12 000.

The University of Natal with
nearly 9 000 students and 551 tea-
ching posts has launched a major
\_ fund-raising drive for R10 million |

4700/1227

45

Over the next five years.

This university gets 8C per cent
of its running costs from the Gov-
ernment with fees making up 15
per cent of the shortfall. The re-
maining five per cent has to be
found in the community outside
the university.

The University of South Africa
(Unisa) has planned a huge ex-
pansion programme to accommo-
date 140000 students by the year

: 2010, and development of the
campus at Muckleneuk Ridge has
been divided into 10 phases.
Phases one and two have been
completed.

The Unisa annual growth-rate
averages 10 per cent, and its
long-term expansion programme ts
based on an_ estimated annual
growth-rate of 2500 students. One
out of every three students in
South Africa studies through
Unisa.

Meanwhile, the University of
the Western Cape at Bellville, with
a growth-rate of 17 per cent an-'
nually is the most rapidly growing !
university in the Republic. Stu-!

| dents of all races number 4 000..
' The university has a five-year plan’
© that will cost R50 million’ and will, !
\_ in time, cater for 10 000 students. '



COMMENTARY ON CUBAN EFFORTS TO ATTRACT INVESTMENT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 30 Apr 82 p 4

[Editorial:

[Text]

"ilelcome Back Cuba!"]

THE article which appears on The Gazette’s front
page this week outlining the efforts of the Cuban
Government to attract foreign investment should
give our own Government much food for thought.
Cuba, one of the most militant ‘Marxist-
Leninist”’ states in the Third World, has finally, after
nearly 25 years of revolution, seen the light and

realised that there is nothing like a little bit of capital--

ism to give an ailing economy a boost. For all its
bluster and militancy, Cuba has long been the sick
man of Latin America, needing large amounts of
Soviet aid to keep its economy afloat.

The Cuban investment incentives would make
many a local businessman, all too familiar with our
own investment deadlock, green with envy. The
Cubans will allow foreign capitalists a 49% stake in
joint ventures with state companies and FULL re-
patriation of after-tax profits and dividends. The
Cuban Government says it will not interfere in pric-
ing and production, and will even allow foreign
companies to hire and fire workers and choose their
own managers. In some ventures, Cuba will even
allow foreign investors to take a majority share-
holding. -There is even talk, heaven forbid, of
creating an industrial free trade zone!.

Many of Zimbabwe’s leaders have long professed

admiration for the ‘Cuban experiment’’. Several —

ranking Government officials have visited Havana,
always returning waxing lyrical about ‘‘Cuba’s
successes’’.. -

74

ZIMBABWE



WORKERS UNITY IS VITAL, SAYS MSIPA
Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 3

[text]

| WORKERS were on Saturday urged by the Minister of
| Water Resources'and Development, Mr Cephas. Msipa,
| to unite under the Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions.
| “You have nothing to lose but your chains if you
punite,” the minister told the 170 workers who had
| gathered at Bulawayo's White City Stadium in honour
' of Workers’ Day.“ ;

He said some people were reluctant or refused to
| Join industrially based unions,

“We must ask these workers on whose side they
are,” he said.

: '“Are they on the side“of the toiling masses or on
' the side of the exploiters?”

Mr Msipa said those people who refused to join
“unions were setbacks in the Government's desire to’ im-
‘prove workers’ conditions.
|“ Workers who took irresponsible strike action which
| affected production were an undesirable element in the
\new Zimbabwe, he said. a
} Further setbacks to:the
‘Government’s policy of

improving workers’ ‘condi-
tions were employers who
avoided paying the mini-
|mum_wage and victimised
‘members of workers’ com-
mittees.

South African agents
and dissidents were also’
|setbacks to Government:
policy as they wanted to
destabilise the situation in,
Zimbabwe and sabotage:
{the economy. i
a“They must never be
vallowed to succeed. As
iworkers you. must be on
ithe lookout and be able to
Hdentify who your friends
|are and who your enemies
sare,” he said. ,
| Speaking about the role
lof the worker in the year
‘of national _transforma-
‘ton, Mr Msipa said work-
vers ‘needed to “democra-
tise’ worker organisa-
tion; join workers’ organi-

CSO: 4700/1226

(tions;- increase worker

productivity; and main-
tain discipline,

There should also be
meaningful communication
between workers and
management and workers
and the Government, using
established channels.
Workers should regard

i their places of work as
: their permanent sources
_of livelihood and nartici-

pate in management,
"If you analyse
each of these activ-

ities you will realise

that each of them
enhances the position
of the worker," he
said,

ZEMBABWE

No development was
possible without the
worker and every aspect
of work added to the
country's development.
"Remember that the
wealth of the country
is a combination of
factors of production
and these are the
workers,"he said,



NIGERIA

ECONOMIC SITUATION BLAMED ON LOW PRODUCTIVITY
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 30 Apr 82 p 1
[Editorial in the colum "Front Page Comment": "The Economy and Workers"

[text]

economy has been blamed mostly ‘on

the oil glut, the world-wide economic

recession, smuggling and the uncon‘.

trolled appetite of Nigerians for foreign
goods. One vital factor that seems to
have attracted little. attention is the
lackadaisical attitude of most Nige-
rians to work and their unproductivity. ~

«

The level of economic progress made by
any nation, just as ‘that ‘of the indivi-
dual, depends largely on the hard work.
and dedication of her people. Unfortu-
nately, most workers in this eountry
are not at all interested in productivity:
They are essentially pre-occupied with
the easiest way of making money. One
cbnoxious notion that has gained con-
siderable acceptance in Nigeria today
is the craze to-get-rich quick and’ not
necessarily through hard work. People
are more interested in what they can
get from the nation and not what they
can give to the nation.

“This probably explains the amazingly tow
- productivity of most Nigerians which
is manifested by the fact that there are
many people who make money in this
country without doing: any work:
Nor do such: individuals contribute
anything to the national cause in any

form or shape. This attitude .of grab!

. and gréb ‘has accelerated the

|. culpable’ pace of loitering, absen-
teeism, truancy and other attributes of
idleness among Nigerian workers.

cso: 4700/1208

“Low productivity has: militated against;
‘mass production of manufactured
goods and raw materials for exports,
which could have. enhanced the
country’s’ foreign. exchange position.
Worse, is the saddening fact that Nige-
rian workers who refuse to produce
: .anything substantial, travel round the
= world capitals to buy up- anything
imaginable, thereby . depleting the
nation’s hard earned foreign exchange.

‘Now that the nationaleconomy ‘is in bad ‘
shape, Nigerian workers should. radi
cally change their lousy attitude to '
work, This is the opportunity for us to:
embrace the national objective of self
sufficiency: We have a lot to learn from:
the Japanese whose. devotion to duty
has turned their once backward
country into super-industrialised state.
even when Japan as a nation is not
endowed with natural resources like
oil and so on.

This country has the human and material

" resources to. transform it inti
a developed country, if the workers
can only become dedicated to their
duties, and if we can‘develop the Spirit
of national consciousness. .

The current economic situation demands
that all workers should make some
sacrifice.. The only way to do this, is for,
them to substantially improve their
productivity and de-emphasise self in
all national considerations.

. 39



JPRS 80895

25 May 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2628

CoNTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Coherence Said To Be Lacking in France's African Policy
(Jean-Claude Pomonti; LE MONDE, 7 Apr 82)........eeee- seeeee 1

BOTSWANA

President Injects Hope for Economic Recovery .
(Monty Letshwiti; DAILY NEWS, 27 Apr 82)............ eeeeeeee 4

BDP-BNF 'War of Words' Erupts
(DAILY NEWS, various dates)....

BNF Attacked, by Jerry Masete
Giddie Strikes Back
Kwelagobe Rejoinder, by Alaudin Osman

Rising Youth Unemployment Poses Explosive Problem
(DAILY NEWS, 21, 30 Apr 82) ..cccececccecccuscccecccsecceeees 12

Frightening Rate, by Larona Sedimo
Stability Endangered, Editorial

Proposed Power Plant Project To Aid Industrialization
(Editorial; DAILY NEWS, 23 Apr 82).. .

Chiepe Says Mineral Rights No Longer for British SA Company

(DAILY NEWS, 20 Apr 82)..... sees
Briefs
Scholarships in USSR 16
Matlhako Given Village Status 16
CAMEROON
Briefs
Violence in Northwest 17

-a- [III - NE & A - 120]



ICA HAILS TRANSFER OF SOME NAMBOARD ACTIVITIES TO COOPERATIVES

ICA Regional Director's Statement

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 5 May 82 p 3

[Excerpt]

HE government's move to.hand over the ope-'
irations of some of Namboard’s undertakings:
ito the co-operative movement has been hailed

‘by the International,
{TICA].;

© And the ICA office for,
[East Central and . Southern
‘Africa has decided that Za-

'mbia should become a model
4which its eight _members
-should understudy.

ICA regional’ director, Mr
Ellie Anangisye said yester-
day that his office had deci-
ded to hold its regional council
meeting this year in Zambia
because the co-operative mo-
yement in the country was in
ascendancy.

: Mr Anangisye, told a Press
Conference at. the Zambia
Co-operative Federation (ZCF)
offices that the government’s

62

Co-operative. Alliance

decision to transfer the fun-
ctions of Namboard to the co-
‘operatives was a strong vote
of confiderice for the co-
operative. movement in the
scountry. us

He said the international
movement was happy with the
move because other members
could learn from this expe-
rience, which could later be
possibly . followed by their
respective governments.

He said he was sure Zambia
° was on the right path and the.
ICA knew that the  co-
foperative movement was ba-
“cked by the President in its
jundertakings. :

ZAMBIA



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SA-ISRAELI SIMILARITIES--"Striking similarities and equally striking distinc-
tions exist between South Africa and Israel--both of whom face existential
problems," said Professor Amos Shapira, Dean of the Law School of the Tel
Aviv University, who was the guest speaker at a luncheon hosted by the South
Africa Israel Chamber of Commerce in Johannesburg recently, Professor Shapira,
visiting. South Africa under the auspices of the Department of Foreign Affairs
and Information, addressed ‘the audience on the question of security legisla-
tion which, he said, was "a dilemma which all are faced with," The professor
who has been a visiting senior fellow at the Law School of Yale University
and a visiting professor at the Georgetown Law Centre in the US, observed
that every healthy, democratic society should strive to strike an appropriate
balance between vital short term interests dealing with political, security
and socio-economic realities and long term priorities such as values and
frinctpies, basic human rights and the Rule of Law, among others. [Text]
Pretoria SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 23 Apr 82 p 5]

HYDRAULIC TEST BENCHES=-One of the world's largest hydraulic test benches,
designed and manufactured in SA by Cape-based Optim-Hydraulics, has reached
its final destination--Rossing Uranium Mine in SWA, Taking only 12 weeks to
complete from the initial design stage, it is the first electronically con-
trolled test bench manufactured locally, The bench has a power capacity of
120 kW--almost double the normal rate--60 percent local content and costs in
the region of R100 000, SA Industrial Week, March 30. [Text] [Pretoria
SOUTH AFRICAN DIGEST in English 23 Apr 82 p 7]

EXPORTS UP, IMPORTS DOWN--South Africa kept its exports rolling fast in
February while imports slowed down, Total export tonnage rose by more than
1-million to 5 799 886 tons as ores poured out of Richards Bay and Saldanha
Bay. These shippings, plus increased exports from Durban, and, to a lesser
extent, Cape Town, resulted in South Africa's earning R1 360-million in
February against R1 220-million in January, On the other hand, imports
declined to 955 826 tons from 1 141 214 tons in January, and South Africa
paid out slightly less at R1 420-million compared with R1 450-million in
January. Sunday Times, Business Times, April 18 [Text] [Pretoria SOUTH
AFRICAN DIGEST in English 23 Apr 82 p 10]

48



cattle, molasses, cotton and petroleum products. On the basis of figures
released by the Ministry of Foreign Trade, Ethiopia earned around 493 million
Birr or 59.5 percent of its total earnings from coffee, 94,6 million Birr or
11.4 percent from hides and skins, 74.4 million Birr from oil seeds and
pulses, 66 million Birr from petroleum products, 26.6 million Birr from Chat
and 10.8 million Birr from meat and meat products.

The bulletin emphasized the role played by foreign trade serving as the
basis of the country's foreign exchange earnings. The bulletin said that
Ethiopia has to increase its agricultural output both in quantity and
quality so as to bolster the export sector, It said by increasing the volume
of our exports the nation could be able to get adequate foreign exchange
earnings which are very essential for speeding up the ongoing development
process in the country, The bulletin stressed that the amount of coffee and
other commodities meant for export should be increased and by diversifying
exports the country could stand a better chance in the export market.

The bulletin said efforts should be made to boost the output of state farms
and peasants producers’ cooperatives, adding that the transport system plays
an important role in facilitating the export and import business, The
bulletin further stressed that the Ministry of Foreign Trade is taking all
proper measures to promote this sector of the national economy,

csoO: 4700/1229

22



CHAD

EFFECT OF NEW COUNCIL OF STATE EXAMINED
AB091250 Paris AFP in English 1123 GMT 9 May 82
[By Bernard Degioanni]

[Excerpt] Ndjamena, 9 May (AFP)--A major shake-up on Chad's political appara-
tus announced here last night has failed to dispel doubts that the country's
internal crisis can be settled.

Observers pointed out today that the controlling 15-member Council of State
which is created under the new measures will contain the same heads of rival
factions whose failure to agree is at the root of Chad's troubles.

The new set-up of a Council of State and a subordinate government takes away
from the faction leaders--who were ministers in the former transitional Govern-
ment of National Unity (GUNT)--responsibility for day-to-day administration,
but leaves them in control of general policy in‘all fields, including mili-

tary.

The Council of State will be chaired by Vice President Abdel Kader Kamougue,
head of the southern [word indistinct] Chadian Armed Forces (FAT), and its
tasks are "conception, reflection, consultation and guidance", in the words
of the official communique.

Its role is to "aid and assist the head of state ‘(President Goukouni Oueddei)
and the government in the internal policy of the state, the organization of
the army and the administration'l, and notably to state "ways and means of
achieving, maintaining and consolidating peace."

But official sources admitted that the lengthy negotiations between Colonel
Kamougue and President Goukouni which resulted in the shake-up had not
formulated a policy on dealing with the rebellion by former Defense Minister
Hissene Habre's FAN, which occupies most of eastern Chad. "The matter was
not even raised," the sources said.

President Goukouni has ruled out any negotiations with Mr Habre, while Colonel
Kamougue and Ahmat Acyl, the GUNT foreign minister, are in favor of talks.

cso: 4700/1213

18



The resolution stated that this was in accordance with the UN General Assembly
resolution against Israel.

When the chairman of the council, Dr Rafael Caldra, put the resolution to vote,
Alhaji Idris Ibrahim, deputy speaker of the House of Representatives, voted
for the resolution while Senator Wash Pam, deputy president of the Senate
voted against it.

Alhaji Idris later told the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN) that he voted in
accordance with Nigeria's stand against Israel.

Senator Wash Pam, however, said that he voted against the resolution because
he felt that some IPU member states should not be allowed to come together
to destroy another member state.

"If you want peace in the Middle East, you should not sacrifice Israel for
the Arab states," he stated.

Senator Wash Pam added that it was not the business of Nigerian delegates to
call on other countries’to sever diplomatic relations with Israel, "since
Nigeria does not have such a relation with it".

Israel Asks Renewed Ties
AB160732 Lagos NAN in English 0723 GMT 16 Apr 82
[Text] Lagos, 15 Apr (NAN)--The leader of the Israeli delegation to the
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) spring meeting in Lagos, Mr Moshe Shasal,

today called for'a renewal of diplomatic relations between Nigeria and Israel.

Mr Shasal who-was speaking with newsmen said that Nigeria's reason for the
breaking of diplomatic relations with Israel "no longer existed".

He recalled that in 1976, the OAU called on its members to sever diplomatic
relations with Israel because "Israel and Egypt were at war."

"Israel and Egypt’ are now on very friendly terms, we have diplomatic relations
with each other so the reason for the OAU stand no longer exists," the dele-
gations leader said.

Mr Shasal said that if Nigeria reopened diplomatic relations with Israel
other African countries would do the same because of Nigeria's special posi-
tion in the continent.

He urged members of the National’ Assembly to visit Israel’ on “parliament to
parliament basis".

cso: 4700/1212

30



ZAMBIA

KAUNDA MAKES OPENING ADDRESS TO ADB, ADF ANNUAL MEETING IN LUSAKA
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 May 82 p 1
[text]

‘THE African Development Bank must strengthen its
resources and capital bases to satisfy demands of

i ‘member countries, President Kaunda has urged.

Accelerated and self-reliant’
development on the A\

i
an |
F continent would largely” de.
pend on the capacity and res-
ponsiyeness of the ADB or
leading regional lending insti-
tutions,
Dr Kaunda said this when
fe opened the 1982 annual
meetings of the ADB and the
yAfrican Development Fund
(ADF) at Mulungushi Hall in
{ Lusaka yesterday.

i” The “ADB had a -great’

© challenge to:
@Generate and mobilise

[financial resources to. satisfy

its normal lending program:
e Mes to member states;
_. ,@ Meet sub-regional and re
igional cooperation schemes,
Fand;
& @ Be able to satisfy a por-
btion of the shortfall resulting
#from reductions in multilateral
development assistance.
[| “Undoubtedly. this will re-
j quire of the bank's governors,

executive directors and mana-
jgement to demonstrate a
j-heightened sense of i imagina-
jtion, innovation and realism,"
} Dr Kaunda said.

«the bank's capital resources to
tnon-African countries and on
ithe international capital mar-
ket, .

cso: -4700/1220

Zambia was willing to open

“In this respect. I wish to
recall the adoption by the ADB
j.group in 1979 of a resolution to
NGpen the bank's membership
non-regional states and to
fonlarge the ‘bank's capital
'base.**

> He expressed the hope. that '
"the delegates’ would seriously
consider the que:

[African countries j
bank. -
Dr Kaunda noted that
faccess to major capital mar-
kets had become increasingly
{difficult so,” everything pos:
[sn should be done

ank to ensure availabi
medium and Jong-term finan-

‘bearing the brunt of the world
‘economic crisis. Their balance
‘of payments were weak: be-
icause of escalating prices of
jimports.

{. The result of such: adevelop-
ament included high:unemploy-
iment, under utilisation of
jindustrial capacity, sluggish or
‘negative growth rates: and
{budgetary deficits.

| Industrialised nations were

cing. ;
k Developing countries. were

54

yequally affected by ~ these
jadverse conditions. But ‘the
}Prosperous states had become
protectionists and had tight
‘budgets.’

Ss African countries “had be-
“come victims of *‘progressive"’
ireductions in official develop-
{ment assistance. That  situa-
jtion was at variance with the
;target of 0.7 per' cent of Gross
| National Product (GNP) set by
ithe United Nations.

i Dr Katinda appealed to
{industrialised countries to
idesist from calculated efforts
\that would undermine the
‘international lending agencies.
i, Lhe creation of the Southern
African Coordination Confe-
rence, (SADCC), the Caracas
jection programme adopted
flast May by the Group of 77
jand the Economic Community
sof, West African States,
among others, were moves in
pthe right-direction, he said,

*'T earnestly believe that this
process torwards greater eco-
nomic cooperation or integra-~
ftion has acquired a more con-
‘crete dimension and is now
‘imbued with a sense of pur-
Epose."



, Government

ZIMBABWE, ANGOLA BOOST TRADE LINKS

Hazare THE HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 3

[text]

ZIMBABWE and An-
gola have stepped up
itrade relations under
the Southern African
Development Co-or-
dination Conference
in a bid to lessen Zim-
babwe’s dependence
‘on South: Africa, a
spokes-
man said yesterday.

‘The spokesman was
speaking in an interview
while part of an export
order. of 112 tonnes of
Zimbabwean _ agricultural
(equipment worth
' US$322 000 left Harare’s
airport for Angola.

The Secretary for In-
dustry and Energy Dé-
velopment, Dr Mufaro
‘Hove, said at the airport
that the export deal would
help lessen "Zimbabwe's
jdependence on South
Africa and promote trade
relations with African
countries.

His’ ministry was _ex-
amining possibilities of
exporting other industrial
products because Zim-
nbwe was a highly in-
'‘dustrialised country

CSO: 4700/1226

within the Southern Afri
ean Development Co-or-
dination Conference.

Dr Hove congratulated
Tinto Industries Limited
for securing the export ,
order and urged other in-
dustrialists to explore new
markets in countries like
Angola.

“angola ig - important
for co-operation within
SADCC because of its rich
oil reserves,” he said.

‘The export deal, he said,
was @ breakthrough for
new markets ‘ because
‘Angola had no contact or
‘historical link with’ this
country before.

‘Meanwhile Angola had
a responsibility to cater
for the energy needs, e8-
pecially petrol needs, of
SADCC states. It had al-
ready tackled this effec-
tively, Dr Hove said.

“Zimbabwe intends pro-
moting’ trade - relations
with Angola in most sec-
‘tors and with other in-
dependent African
states.”

Yesterday's airlift, fol-
owed successful contacts
between Tinto Industries
‘and the Angolan Embassy
in Harare and a sub-
sequent visit to Luanda by
the company’s sales direc-

72

tor, Mr David Forbes,”
|: ‘The export’ order which
emerged secured the sale
jof 112 tonnes of plough
and harrow discs and
‘other agricultural im-
iplements to  Affaias
| Agricolas, an "Angolan
firm with a factory -in
Luanda.

‘The equipment _ was
being lifted by the Ang-
ola:. dirways in four loads,
-three by’ Boeing 707s and
one by Hercules aircraft.

The second load of 32
tonnes left ‘Harare by
Boeing yesterday.

Commenting. on < the

deal, Mr Forbes said: “We *

hope this is the’ beginning
of an on-going business
arcangement with Affaias
Agricolas. This arrange-
ment meets with our
Government’s wish to in-
crease trade between our
two countries.” .

The Angolan’ Ambas-
sador to Zimbabwe, Mr
Andre Miranda, said the
yexport deal was only the
beginning and that an in-
crease in trade between
the two. countries could be
expected. «

He added this would be
(in line with the need for
lcontinued —_ co-operation

jamong SADCC countries.
He said the Angolan Se-

- important. for

ZIMBABWE

ierétary or State tor Inter-
mational Co-operation was
lexpected to visit - Zim-
‘babwe in‘June to discuss
jareas of mutual co-opera-
tion with the Government
and members of the
private sector.

And an ‘Angolan
government official who
accompanied - yesterday's
crew to Harare and back,
Mr Humbento- Jorge de
Sousa ‘e Silva, hoped the
future role of trade be-
tween his country and
Zimbabwe would increase.

“This equipment is very

Angola
which is an agricultural
country. :

“Tt will also bé ‘neces:
sary to. continue co-opera-
‘tion in this field because
everyone in our country
wishes. to . produce more
from the soil.

“But ‘it is difficult, at
this stage to say how

Angola. can reciprocate
this" export order © of
agricultural equipment

from your country.
“However, our govern-
ments have good contact
and’ communicate | regula-
rly. This process can lead
to a reciprocal trade be-
tween our countries,” said

Mr De Sousa e Silva.



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

GRAIN IN DONATION--Assab (ENA)=-The Relief and Rehabilitation Commission
(RRC) Monday received 12,500 tons of wheat donated by the government of
Canada in aid of compatriots affected by man-made and natural calamities.
Comrade Tesfaye Berhanu, Deputy Commissioner of the RRC received the donation
from H.E. Mr Milfrid M, Agnes, the Canadian Ambassador to Socialist Ethiopia
at a ceremony held at the Assab Port. Speaking on the occasion, H.E. Nr
Agnes noted the good relations between the Government of Canada and Ethiopia
and pointed out that similar assistance will continue in the future, too.
Comrade Tesfaye expressed gratitude to the government of Canada acknowledging
the notable donations mde by it in the past. Present on the occasion were
Comrade Belay Bitew, Administrator of the Assab provincial administration,
Mr Martin Mock, representative of the World Food Programme (WFP), chiefs of
olice in Assab and officials of the Assab Maritime and Transit Services.
Prextl [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 28 Apr 82 p 6]

RED SEA FLOUR MILL=-Dekemahari (ENA)--The Red Sea General Flour Mill which
was immobilized by the separatist elements for the past six years is now
producing 100 quintals of flour and 15 quintals of biscuits and bread per
day. The mill resumed operation last March following reconstruction in
accordance with the Red Star Multi-faceted Revolutionary Campaign. 470,000
Birr has been invested in the effort, according to Comrade Habte Markos Mako,
General Manager of the Ethiopian Food Corporation, Comrade Habte Markos
pointed out that an additional seven million Birr is needed to restore the
factory to its former working capacity, The Red Sea Mill resumed operation
only with 22 workers working one shift. It was learnt that it will absorb
400 workers and produce 300 quintals of flour and 170 quintals of biscuits
per day when in full capacity in the very near future, [Text] [Addis Ababa
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 27 Apr 82 p 1]

DISTRICT TRADE UNIONS--Addis Ababa (ENA)--The Central Executive Committee of
the AETU/AEPA Elections disclosed here yesterday that district trade unions
will be set up in the country from May 2 to 6, The Committee issued a state-
ment in this connection giving details about the procedures in organizing
district unions, It was stressed that the hard-won rights of the working
people to organize themselves can be realized only when the people strictly
apply the COPWE directives on the establishment of mass organizations, The
Committee observed that electors should ensure that candidates meet the
criteria set for prospective office=bearers, [Text] [Addis Ababa THE
ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 1]

24



HARD CURRENCY EXPORT PLANS RELY ON SURPLUS

Harare FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 30 Apr 82 p 4

[text]

cso:

THE Commercial Farmers Bureau
has appealed to the Zambian
Government to increase the
producer price of maize to
encourage overplanting to ensure a
surplus in the production of maize

during seasons of inadequate rain-
fall.

"Productive Farming” magazine
says overplanting of the crop will
help offset defecits during bad
growing seasons which have been
experienced . frequently . during
recent years.

“If we can achieve more than
three months surplus over our
yearly needs we can export to Zaire
and Angola both of which are able
to pay in hard currency,” the
Farmers publication says.
STRESSES

The editorial stresses that
farming was a gamble and the
Government should be aware of
this and continue to set realistic
prices that encouraged maximum
planting.

It says the Government should
come back this season with
another incentive price in order for
those farmers who have taken a
loss this year to respond with even

4700/1226

_drought resistant, ye

‘a greater acreage next year.

Once the farmers are in a surplus
the Government can adjust produ-
ction as it chooses by greater o1
smaller increases.

“But until we get a.combi-
nation of a good price and a good
rainy season the Government’s
room for manoeuvre is rather limi-
ted,” the magazine points out,

The commercial sector produces
between 40% and 45% of the
marketed maize in the country and
ina bad season, such as the present
‘one, the’ .commercial farmers’
share of the crop will rise as high as
55% to 65%.

This fact highlights the value of
the commercial sector’s contri-
bution to evening out what would
otherwise be a wildly fluctuating
production curve of feast or fami=
ne.

Meanwhile Zambia’s Virginia
tobacco output is expected to drop
from 2.1 million kilos to 2 million
kilos this season because of poor
weather conditions.

Chairman of the, Virginia
Tobacco Association of Zambia,
Mr Peter Green said the drop was
minimal because the crop was

90

ZIMBABWE



Crisis Came Suddenly

[Article by Mishingo Mpaphadzi and Moty Letshwitil

cso:

THE PRESIDENT Dr Q.Ku.
Masire has said that Botswana's
present economic crisis could
not have been anticipated by the
Government just like a human
being could not anticipate his
illness.

Speaking’ at Orapa on

Thursday during histour of Boteti -

constituency Dr. Masire refuted
allegations that the present
economic recession in Botswana
had been brought about by the
Government's carelessness.

The President told more than
250 people who attended the
meeting on a chilly night, that
the economic situation was bad
because of external factors
beyond the government's control.

The President explained fully
that the country’s revenue
earnings from diamonds and
copper/nickel matte were entirely
dependant on external market
situation over which government
has no control, adding that the
diamond market was weak
because of high interest rates in
industrialised countries.

On the Selebi_Phikwe mine,
the President said that the
government was currently
discussing with involved
companies to re-schedule debts
because of low prices of
copper/nickel matte on the world
market.

Dr Masire said that government
had to assist in the provision of
funds for Selebi Phikwe's ope-
rational costs to prevent the mine
from closing down. He pointed
out that closure of the complex
could be a serious catastrophy
tothe nation because the people
‘currently working directly or
indirectly in the mine would be
jobless. _

4700/1218

~The President again talked
about imported inflation and
explained that it was brought
about by the fact that the country

; does not manufacture goods.

| Dr Masire also spoke on
‘government efforts and he
reminded the nation that a
Presidential Commission on
economic opportunities was
appointed last year and was
expected to report to him next
month.

| Among theterms of reference,

' the commission was charged with
examining the means of
improving participation by locals
inthe national economic develop-
ment. It was also charged with
looking into ways and means of
increasing job opportunities. Ir
the question of localisation Dr
Masire warned that because of
lack of local skills, the country
would have to recruit expatriates
to run mines. However the
President stressed that these
expatriates were expected totrain
locals so that posts occupied by
expatriates can be localised at
the right time. The president in
turn advised expatriates to work
hard and to bel ave consistantly
with the country's non-racial and
democratic principles.

Dr Masire also mentioned in
passing the new Financial
Assistance Policy of P5 million
set aside for potential borrowers.

In conclusion, the President
encouraged Orapa residents to
assist government in the
Prevention of diamond
smuggling. He argued that
diamond smagglers were
enemies of the people because |
they sabotage the national
economy.



CUBA A MODEL, SAYS MINISTER SHAMUYARIRA

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 4

[Text]

cso:

.ZIMBABWEANS are en+
Jeouraged by Cuba's
‘tremendous “success
against foreign aggres-
:sion, the Minister ‘of Ine
[formation, Posts and
'Telecommunications, Dr
Nathan Shamuyarira, said
last night.

, Speaking at the opening
of a 10-day Cuban poster
exhibition in. Harare, Dr
Shamuyarira ‘said Zim-
babwe had a neighbour to
the south who sought to
destroy its sovereign in-
dependence,

“But your success will
‘encourage us to repudiate
threats and to start to
i work towards the uplift-
ing of the standards of
living of our people.”

The exhibition, which
vbegins with posters mark-
‘ing the proclamation of
the socialist state of Cuba
in April 1962, highlights,
some of the most out-
standing achievements
during the past 23 years
of the revolution in the
fields of health, education,
culture and in-
dustrialisation,

“In that respect, what
these posters say’ is -of
| great importance and sig-
nificance to Zimbabweans,
It is @ great lesson,” the
minister said.

The exhibition presented
ithe views of life, efforts,
hopes and achievements of
the Cuban people in their
determination to build a
Aocialist order thereby im~

4700/1226

73

| proving: tl
‘lives of all their people.

‘The posters, he added,
showed how Cuba, always
‘at the forefront’ in the
fight against imperialist
aggression, sought to
establish international
\ solidarity and co-opera-
} tion with the Third World.

The friendship _ and
solidarity that existed be-
tween “Zimbabwe and
\Cuba dated back to. the
jtime of the liberation
struggle. This continued
to grow trom strength to
| strength.

‘The Prime Minister, Mr
Mugab: had attended’ the
last’ Non-Aligned Mo
ment’s ~~ conference in
‘Havana and soon after
‘that President Fidel
\Castro of Cuba, visited
jcamps in Maputo and
‘Lusaka, he said.
| Following - the _- dis-
cussions held during
‘President Castro’s visit to
ithe two frontline states,
‘Cuba had contributed sub-
stantial assistance
lZANU (PF) during the
\Mberation war.
| Through this process,
{Dr Shamuyarira sald,
\Cuba: had. inspired the
‘leadership in this country
|to take up arms and fight
“the British colonialism.
| “Today is a great
moment for us in Zim-
jbabwe when we ‘are able
‘to invite the people of
;Cuba to come and live
among us and inform us
| of their revolution.”



EMPLOYERS TOLD TO STUDY SOCIALISM

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 1

[text]

'MANY employers i

‘Mr Kumbirai Kangai,
‘said yesterday.

Addressing the Engin-
‘eering: Employers’ Asso-
ciation in Harare at their
‘annual meeting, the min-
ister’ told the organisa-
tion that many employers
had not bothered to” ac-
‘quaint ‘themselves with
the political “ideology of
the Government.

4. “What -is often over-'

Hooked is the fact that
‘Zimbabwe is evolving its
jowm blend of ‘socialism
iwhose major. objective is
Mto ‘benefit all sectors of
‘the Zimbabwean popula-
j tion.”

«” He said that-once the
[Government had spelt out
jits socialistic policy some

[employers had “closed
shop” and headed for
‘South Africa,

_“They made no attempt
at all to stidy the ide-
ology and identify their
Place in it. I can’ assure
you that in-the not too

stant future they will
again close shop and head
for the sea when a maj-
wority, government takes
over in South Africa’ and
espouses its own -blend of
socio-economic and poli-
tical organisation.”

He urged employers to*

‘eradicate racism in in-

idustry, and said there was |

a distinction between a
Hack of worker discipline
‘and “rebellion”.

CsO: 4700/1226

“Mol
‘what some employers per-
ceive as indiscipline among
their workforce is actually
fully .- fledged. rebellion,

whereby workers have de-
cided “not “to tolerate tne

¥ employers’ provocative or-
ders and practices any fur-

“ther.”

He urged employers to
discard the temptation of
always presuming ° that
there was something
wrong with the. workers.

He said in cases of dis-
pute it was often advis-
able for the employer: to

‘seek an independent
opinion.

‘The minister congratu-
lated those employers who
» “had done all in their
‘power to: adhere to em-
.ployment regulations, and
jihad implemented progres-
sive personnel and labour
‘relations recommendations
from the. ministry”.

79

“often” than ‘not,

‘Zimbabwe did not seem to understand the Govern.
‘ment’s policy of socialism, the Minister of Labour and Social Services.

jhe president of the.

association, Mr Peter
Swart, asked that em-
\ployers be consulted in
time to study draft pro-

iposals leading to Jabour '

-Tegislation.
; . Mr Swart said his asso-
| ctation represented  em-
| ployers who provided work
for -15000 people repre-
setiting earnings of $40
million a year.

Mr Swart said there was
an increase in the lack of
discipline among workets
affecting productivity and
standards, and as] that
the dismissal regulations
‘be repealed. -

Speaking earlier at a
[trade union seminar at
Silveira House: in Harare,
jointly sponsored by the
Zimbabwe Congress of
Trade Unions ‘ang the
:Commercial] Workers
; Union, Mr’ Kangai said
that the neeq for workers’

education was very urgent.
'. Mr Kangai appealed to

ZIMBABWE

‘private organisations and
‘trade unions involved - in
workers’ education semi-
/Mars to make a distinction
| between’ the training. of
trade unions and workers’!
committee officials, in sub-
Hlects such 'as | grievance
handling and _ collective
bargaining - "techniques.
|. “I am not so sure, that
ithe - workers’ - committee
‘representative who is illl-
jterate can be a very useful
»participant in a seminar
ron grievance handling that
lis ‘conducted in English
language.” : .
' Zimbabwe should avoid
the error that many devel-
foping countries’ made of
“concentrating tradé union
education on the , semi-
‘literate, to ‘the exclusion of
‘illiterate workers.

The obligation of trade
union’. léaders in the field
of workers’ education was
two-pronged, calling -for
simultaneous \thrusts on

‘both the literate and the
“illiterate;



INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

COHERENCE SAID TO BE LACKING IN FRANCE'S AFRICAN POLICY
Paris LE MONDE in French 7 Apr 82 pp 1, 6

[Article by Jean-Claude Pomonti: "France and Africa: Principles Versus
Realities]

[Text] France's African policy, even though it seeks to
be different from its 7-year predecessor in respect to
principles, runs up against the same realities. France has
recently experienced this in two crises, in Chad and in
Central Africa.

These two cases, among many others it is true, will be main
topics of Mr Mitterrand's conversations during official
visits in the second half of May to three countries where
French policy does not face the same problems as in
Ndjamena and Bangui: Niger, the Ivory Coast, and Senegal.

In the last 10 months, French-African relations have provided an example of the
ingenuity that is necessary to reconcile not always glorious realities with
principles whose generosity is hardly disputed. In these conditions, the fact
that the wind of change has not blown very strongly on "our" Africa is not very
surprising, nor is it surprising that some embarrassment or disappointment is
being felt in Paris. Also, the French leaders sometimes give the impression
of not knowing what they want. As for the leaders of French-speaking Africa--
whom the French Socialists before coming to power had sometimes labeled "neo-
colonialists"--they are far from reassured.

The Socialists have found Black Africa to be a terrain which does not suit them
and for which 20 years in opposition had certainly not prepared them: local
powers who are often authoritarian, and sometimes lacking much respect for
human rights, tied to France by a complex of trade and cultural relations; at
the official level, a kind of cooperation--or aid--closely related to French
interests, both private and public; and finally, here and there, a little
world of police agents, secret pullers of strings, and racketeers drawn by the
real possibilities for quick profits.

This obvious interdependence between France and French-speaking Black Africa
was at the outset of Mr Mitterrand's term much more "interwoven" than one would
have believed. A third of our imported raw materials come from Africa.



ZIMBABWE

PANDEMONIUM ERUPTS AS FOUR WHITES FOUND GUILTY
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 82 p 9

[text]

* BULAWAYO. — Pan-
‘demonium _ erupted

day after four White
Zimba bweans were
‘found gullty on capl-
tal charges of plot-
ting terrorism and
_ Sabotage.

Two accused, former
South African soldiers,
Allen Cauvin and Step-
jhen Bertrand, tried to
‘escape from the. dock by
charging a dozen police
and prison guards with
fists flaing.

But they were over-
powered, manacled in
leg irons and marched
-off to the court cells as
‘white-faced Mr Justice
Anthony Gubbay with-
drew to his chambers.

Two girls in the up-
jStairs public gallery of.
ithe wood-panelled
‘courtroom were ar-
rested and driven off to
"Bulawayo central police
jstation after shouting
jabuse at police when

ithe judge announced
yhis verdict. .

i A lawyer advising
#Cauvin, mr Erol Wal-

cso: 4700/1225

‘huter, was also de-
ftained when he inter-
ened in the arrest of
{the girls —in their ear-
Ny 20's andfriendsof the
‘two accused who tried
‘to escape.

The prosecutor, Mr.
Chris Jordaan, told. re-
porters he would seek
the release of the ar-

trio.

Cauvin (21), Ber-,
‘trand (24), dentist
\Frank Bertrand (58),
jand municipal gardener
pVictor Radmore (53)
‘denied plotting and
{armed secession of Ma-
'tabeleland with the
‘help of a Matabele prin-
icess and spirit medium
}Violet Khumalo, be-
tween July and Novem-
‘ber last year.
©" The Rumpus in the
{courtroom prevented
‘Mr Justice Gudday.

:from announcing his

F verdict on a_ second
charge of Possessing
»“arms of war”. It also
fearries the death penal-

i con and Bertrand
jnr, shouted charges

77

ithat the “trial was
rrigged and that they
‘had been framed, as
ithey traded punches
#with court guards.
They were alleged to
have gone to Zimbabwe
[0m motorcycles to lead
the rebellion for Ber-
‘trand snr after leaving
‘the South African
;army.

Bertrand snr, said to
ie the ringleader of the
(plot, testified at the
{two-month trial that he
(sought the peaceful in-
‘dependence of Mata-
jbeleland_ — tribal

iNkomo’ s Zimbabwe
tAfrican People’s Union.
Mr Nkomo was fired
‘from the two-year-old
‘coalition Government
‘on February 17 for al-

-Prime Mi ister Robert
“Mugabe. ~

f Mr‘ Mugabe has said
iMr Nkomo will be
Icharged if sufficient
evidence can be
{brought against him. —'
sSapa-AP.



MEANING OF NEW PLACE-NAMES EXPLAINED

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 4

[text]

BULAWAYO.
|THE Chronicle has
briefly researched the
origins and meanings
of some of Zim-
babwe’s place names’
to answer inquiries”
made by the public’
since the Government
announced changes of
names of come of our
cities, towns and ad-

ministrative centres.

Some people have asked
about the significance and
historical background of
some of the new names a8
well as the discarded ones.

‘The name Tjolotjo (now
Tsholotsno) came from
Lilima (Kalanga dialect)
words — Nsholo Wezhowu
— meaning head of an ele-
phaot. Its origin. is oot
Bushman as some -his-
torlans save wrongly con-
elu

Nsholo Wezhowu was
‘the name of. a pan found
dn the vicinity of present-
day ‘ Tsholotsho. ‘The
name was corrupted by
Ndebele at the time of
the arrival of Mzilikazi io
the locality. The new name
is not an — improve-
ment in terms of meaning,
but a modernisation of
orthography.

Hwange, the new name
for Wankie, is the name
of the paramount ruler of

88

the N‘ambyas, a Rozwi
tribe that is believed to
have moved from around
the Victoria province to
the Hwange-Dete regions
at the time Zwangendaba
passed through and ray-
aged parts of Mambo's
kingdom.

According to a prom!-
nent Bulawayo lawyer, Mr
Washington Sansole, who
has studied the history of
the N'ambya tribe, ‘the
ruler of the tribe was
originally known as Sa-
wanga. The name was
corrupted down through
the ages when the
N’ambyas migrated up and

ZIMBABWE

down the region and ended

up as Hwange. Ndebeles
corrupted Jt’ further to
Zanke, and white ‘prospec-
tors took it a step further
to Wankie. .

Dett (now Dete) comes
from a N’ambya word
Detema — meaning
“swamps”. There’ is still
a place in the Hwange
game reserve known as
Detema.

Esigodini, the new name
for Bssexvale, is derived
from that of an educa-
tional institution in the
locality. Some people con-
‘tend ‘that the original
mame of the place was
Esikhovent, which comes
from that of a hill, Isi-
khova, at the place. They
say the education centre
is a recent creation from
which the area should not



MINISTER SEEKS INCREASED UK AID FOR AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRY

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 4 May 82 p 5

[text]

cso:

-AGRICULTURE ‘and
“Water Development
Minister of State Mr
Justin Mukando has call-
ed on the British govern-
ment to increase and
diversify its help to Zam-
*bia’s agricultural in-
dustry. . 1
He made the call when he
received seven flasks of bull
ysemen worth K60,000 from
"British high commissioner in
Zambia Mr John Johnson in
Lusaka yesterday.
» Mr Mukando - appreciated
§the British help in various
{sectors of agriculture, inclu-
pding the overhauling of the
= maintenance- system of trans-
; port in rural extension services
and said Britain should help
even more.
, Under the K400 million:
‘operation food production
‘programme, Zambia had
identified livestock breeding as
* an important sector of agricul-

Ture arid thé donation of semen

‘would goa long way in

increasing milk herds in the
country.

“We will do, our best to
cooperate with you in all areas
of bilateral agree-
ments.””

4700/1220

56

Enough
i Mr Johnson said the semen,
“given by the British Milk
\ Marketing Board under British
; Overseas Development Admi-
‘pistration was enough to
ensure availability’ stocks for.
“the Zambia National Artificial
: Insemination Service for two
i years.
* The semen is from some of
| Britain’s top thoroughbred
{ Friesian’ and Holstein bulls
tnoted’ for their high milk
} yields. :

}. The presentation was part of
a continuing technical assist-
ance programme which started

,in 1977 when Zambia exami-

f production of its dairy herds.
Mr Johnson said nine out of
;ten_ commercial dairy farmers
in Zambia were using artificial
‘insemination to increase and
simprove their herds. Britain
» would continue giving techni-
© cal help.
: “I hope we can, together,
“identify, other areas ‘in the
‘ agricultural. field, ‘in: which
British technicaliassistance
{could be*'similarly-useful to
} Zambia,”’ he added.

ZAMBIA



IMF 'CUTS BACK SHARPLY' ON AVAILABILITY OF LOANS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 6 May 82 p 1

[Excerpt]

‘THE INTERNATIONAL
: Monetary Fund (IMF) has
cut back sharply on the
’ availability of loans to 15
countries including Zambia,
| according:to a report in the
) latest issue of Newsweek
*. International magazine.
The report says the 15 countr-
ies either cannot or will not
>. meet the conditions imposed
on lending by the fund.
‘The .action is said to have
blocked an estimated K4
billion in balance of pay-
‘ ments stand-by credits,
accounting for nearly 25
t per cent of total anticipa-
ted IMF lending this year.
What also marks the highest
| proportion of loan. cut-offs
§ in IMF history, Newsweek
© adds.
{Some of the nations mentio-
i. ned in the reported move
4’ are Romania, Zaire, Moro-
eco, Bangladesh, Zambia,
: Grenada, Costa’ Rica

is

+ and Tanzania:

‘In Lusaka however, Minister

cso: 4700/1220

52

Musokotwane said Zambia
«was still studying and conti-
“ nuing discussions with the
: IMF coricerning the count-
& ry’s facility.
The minister said the country
+ had no knowledge of any
cutback and as far as it
was concerned, it was still
5. studying the “very tough”
conditions set by the fund.
Mr Musokotwane said as
President Kaunda told the
nation recently, the IMF
was demanding very tough
conditions which the Ca-
binet and the Central
Committee were discussing.
Dr Kaunda said in an interv-
Liew on his S8th birthday
that there was need to
study the measures to see
y. if they were the right pres-
criptions for the country.
it we are convinced that the
| IMF measures are the right
© prescription to our’ prob-
lems, then I will be the
{ first to tell the nation
‘. so," he said.

of Finance, Mr ‘“Kebby



PROPOSED POWER PLANT PROJECT TO AID INDUSTRIALIZATION

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 23 Apr 82 p 2

[Editorial]

[Text}

SELF sufficiency in power

Is the key to Industrialisation.
Itls fortunate that this simple
truth has not gone unotinced
by our policy-makers, That
much was evident last week
in Parllament when the
Minister of Finance and
Development Planning, Mr
Peter Mmusi, skillfully
manoeuvred a bill through
the House, authorising
, government to go ahead with
the proposed P235 million
central power station at
Morupule.

The Morupule: Power
Station, which should be
ready by mid-1986, will
provide Orapa, Francistown,
Selebi Phikwe,
Lobatse and Jwaneng with
high voltage power supply.

, Consenquently the alarming
rate at which the cost of

present Botswana uses very
uneconomic methods to
generate power, which tend
to frustrate government's
attempts at rapid Industria-
fisation.

The proposed central power
‘station however will not only
facilitate rural and industrial
development but will also

that It will utilise an abundant
local resource - the Morupule
coal which Is estimated to
last for about 25 years.

Kh

| struction period will provide

WsO: 4700/1218

14

out 1 500 temptorary jobs
and after commissioning, ti
project will provide 400
permanent jobs. Ultimately
most of the technical and
managerial positions will be
held by Bat a In accor-
dance with Government Loca-
lisation Policy.

ctrification of rural
tit
‘generously from the central
power station. Already 13
‘villages have electric power
supply. The high voltage
power that will be produced
‘at economic costs from
| Morupule should in the long
run enable the average
| Motswana In the rural areas
| to afford electricity.

Such a development will
obviously change the
lifestyles of our rural
' communities hopetully forthe

better. Easy access to elec-
tricity often the added
bonus of better communl-
cation technology, better
central heating system and
better cooking methods.

Another fact that should
not be overlooked Is that
about P156 million for the
Morupule Central Station will
come from forelgn Investors.
if the amount
vividly Ilustrat e deep
rooted trust that foreign
Investors have In Botswana
even at a time when we are
experiencing serious
economic problems and a
severe drought. We can assure
them that their money will
certainly be put to good use.

BOTSWANA


NIGERIA

BRIEFS

UNREGISTERED POLITICAL ASSOCIATION--An unregistered political association,
the New Nigerian Socialist Party (NNSP) has promised to "create a new
Nigeria." The new Nigeria will be completely free of the "present" ills

and will be recognised as a world power in the shortest possible period,

The association has three principal objectives in bringing about this new
Nigeria and these are to cure all fundamental socio-economic ills of the
society; to propagate and execute socialist ideology in all its ramifications
and to carry out radical programmes of development both at the Federal and
state levels, The association believed that in every civilised society the
incumbent government has a basic duty to cure all the ills and defects of
any society. A statement signed by the national chairman of the association,
Mr Sam Ade Oshisanya, stated that to engage on programmes of development with-
out curing fundamental ills which have eaten deep into the society is to
build a magnificent castle upon a loose heap of sand." "The castle cannot
stand," Mr Oshisanya said, [Text] [Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 May 82

p 5]

NEW PROTOCOL WITH YUGOSLAVIA--Nigeria and Yugoslavia have signed a new proto-
col for closer co-operation following the successful completion of the fifth
session of their joint commission which ended in Lagos on March 26, Under the
accord, the two countries will co-operate in joint venture enterprises for
the manufacture of agricultural equipment and tractors, electrical components
and parts, meat production and processing, dairy and poultry production.

They will also engage in the development of fresh water fish-farming and
training of Nigerians in modern fish-farming techniques, The protocol also
provides for the training of personnel, supply of equipment and materials

and provision of Yugoslav experts and lecturers for the Nigerian universities
in the fields of technology, agriculture, engineering and the sciences,
Besides, there will be organisation of fairs, seminars and exhibitions with
a view to promoting and diversifying trade between the two countries, Mr Don
Okpara, acting general manager of Tin Can Island port, a few kilometres
outside Lagos, has reported that the port now has more and improved facil-
ities which include 10 berths each 25m long, self-sufficient in water and
electricity supply. Mr Okpara gave this report while conducting the Yugoslav
President, Sergej Kraigher, on a tour of the port during the latter's recent
visit to Nigeria,

cso: 4700/1211
— 43



TAIWAN INTERESTED IN GAZANKULU PRAWN PROJECT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 May 82 p 17

[text]

cso:

4700/1224

, THE Republic of China
may soon have import-
vant investments . in
{freshwater prawn de-
‘velopments in the nat-
dional state, Gazankulu,
faccording to the senior
‘agricultural develop-
tment officer for the
{Corporation for Econ-
fomic Development, Mr
Jan Snyman.

Mr Snyman disclosed
tto The Citizen that
fafter lengthy negotia-
itions, the Republic of
iChina applied to lease
20 ha of ground in Ga-
zankulu in order to in-
vest and participate in
‘South African fresh
water prawn produc-
ition.
¢. Members of the Press
this week witnessed the
‘first fresh water prawn
' harvest on the farm
{ Lisbon, near Hazyview,
| Eastern Transvaal
where the initial re-
search of the launching
[Project was successful-
tly completed.

47

| Mr Siiyman proudly
described the project as
| a “double break-
| through” in South Afri-
| can fish production.

4
=

According to Mr Sny-
man, the South African
» Government had con-

sented to Chinese in-
» vestment in the project.

The Gazankulu Gov-
ernment meets today to
discuss the matter and
it is expected that Chi-
nese participation. will
": start in September next
* year,

The director of the
Tungkang Marine Lab-
oratory in Pintung, Tai-
3. wan, Dr I Chinrias and

his wife, visited South
Africa in February to
“study the project.

SOUTH AFRICA



ZIMBABWE

COURT TOLD OF ZIPRA=ZANIA FIGHTS IN GUIU DISTRICT
Harare THE HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 3

[text]

FIGHTING between.‘ for-
mer members of ZIPRA
and ZANLA forces in-
‘tegrated in the national
army frequently broke out
in the, Gutu ‘district, 2
regional magistrates’
court in’ Nyanda heard
last week.

Soldiers were often hurt ,

and for this reason peace-
keeping patrols at the
Mupandawana - business
centre. were _ heavily
armed.
} Often shots were fired
into the air by soldiers on
patrol to disperse crowds,
said Sergeant-Major Sil-
vester Nhliziyo (40) in de-
fence to a chargé of cul-
pable homicide.

‘On August 27 inst year,
while leading a patrol at
the business centre,
Nhliziyo fired a shot from
a9 mm pistol which kil-
led off-dut soldier Mr
Paradzayi Nyongo (22).

Nhliziyo was convicted

regional magistrate Mr

is Greenland of cul-
pable homicide and fined
$200 (or three months).
fizlyo, who spent 12
years in prison after en-
tering Zimbabwe in. 1967
with a group of guerillas,
was @ member of the in-

4700/1226

“tegrated 48 Infantry Bat-~
Prosecutor Mr\ Phillip
Bazen ccna
ently cot
“between “that battalion
_ and the predominantly ex-
ZANLA 44 Infantry Bat-

‘talion also stationed im the ~

area.
On August 27, Nbliztyo
arrest:d a member of 44

for being incorreetly dres-

sed.

In retaliation against
the arrest, members of
the arrested man’s unit
began shouting ta protest

‘and in an attempt to dis-

perse them, Nhliziyo fired

a shot from his pistol

which hit and Mr

Nyongo.

"The court aecepted that
the ‘sergeant-major ‘in-
tended to fire ever the
heads of the rioting sol-
diers but pointed out that
his aetion had been reek-
Jess. i

‘Mr Greenland said the
army could be held partly
responsible by sending
Nhliziyo on patrol armed
with ‘@ weapon he had
never } en trained to use.

Mr Michael O'Meara de-
fended Nhliziyo, -



[Article by Alaudin Osman]

[text]

Kwelagobe Rejoinder

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 29 Apr 82 pp 1, 2

~“BOTSWANA’s political war of words was escalated by another attack on the opposition
Botswana National Front (BNF) by the Botswana Democratic Party's Secretary General Mr

D.K. Kwelagobe, this week.

Mr Kwelagobe, who is also Minister of Public Service and Information, was speaking in an
interview, in which he hit back at a BNF reply to an earlier attack by the ruling Botswana

Democratic Party (BDP).

He accused the BNF of “being
dishonest and contradictory” in
replying to challenges from the
BDP to the BNF to clarify its
stand on issues of national
interest.

The latest round of attack
marks what some observers of
the political scene are saying is
the start of the undeclared
campaign running up to General
Elections. Botswana's next
General Elections are set for
1984,

The major issues that Mr
Kwelagobe referred to in his
latest broadside are:

BNF claims that the BDP was
setting the scene for the
imposition of a one-party state
in Botswana;

BDP claims that the BNF has
advocated the use of force to
take over government in
Botswana;

BNF opposition to the Arable
Land Development Programme
(ALDEP) and the Tribal Grazing
Land Policy (TGLP);

BNF claims of contradictions
in the relationships between
officials of the ruling party, civil
servants, police and army and
BNF claims that the contra-

dictions weré being revealed by
“two most unpopular Ministers.”

Mr Kwelagobe said he dis-
missed “with contempt” claims
by the BNF's Secretary General,
Mr Mareledi Giddie, that the BDP
was paving the way for a one-
party state in Botswana. “We
(BDP) are instrumental in the

introduction of democratic
institutions in this country. We
are a shining example of this
democracy internally and
externally.” Therefore BNF
claims to the contrary were “utter
nonsense and Mr Giddie was
“talking rubbish.”

Mr Kwelagobe reiterated
instead that “the BNF believesin
violence, even where violence is
not necessary” in its attempts to
gain political power in Botswana.

He referred to a public rally
that was recently addressed by
Mr Giddie in Gaborone. At that
rally, after persistent questioning
from the MP for Kweneng East
Mr David Magang, said Mr
Kwelagobe, the BNF Secretary
General admitted that his party
would resort to the use of force If
itlostthe 1984 General Elections.

“There were people who were
present at that meeting who
heard this.” But, he said, BOPA
reporters who were covering the
meeting surprisingly failed to
report that statement.

Mr Kwelagobe added: “The
BNF team currently touring the
Ngamiland area has been saying
the same thing. Mr Giddie cannot
dispute these facts if he is an
honest, popular Secretary
General of the BNF.”

He, then went on to list a
number of incidences in which
he said BNF cadres had been
involved in acts of violence.
These included the Selebi-
Phikwe strike in 1970; the
University disturbances in 1974;
‘the Madiba Seconaary scnoor
‘violence in 1978 as well as the
‘incident in which the Govern-
ment seized the passports of
‘some BNF youth who were going
abroad “to undergo military
training.” .

When asked to elaborate on
this, Mr Kwelagobe explained:
“Some parents appealed to
Government to stop their
children from going because they



ZATRE

BRIEFS

POLICE HARM PARLIAMENTARIANS--The Parliamentarians arrested recently for
proposing a second political party (West Africa, March 22) were: MM Kidassa
Maliba, Kyunugu Wa Kumwanza, Lumba Maloba Ndima and Lusanga Ngiele, They
were arrested in Lubumbashi, the capital of Shaba Province. The Zaire
Committee, based in Brussels, Belgium, claims it has reports from Amnesty
International that the four MPs were physically harmed by police when they
were flown from Lubumbashi to Kinshasa, The four are now under house arrest
near enshass. [text] [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3375, 12 Apr 82

p 1029

csO: 4700/1210

51



ZAIRE

ZAMBIA

Briefs.
Police Harm Parliamentarians

IMF 'Cuts Back Sharply' on Availability of Loans
(DAILY MATL, 6 May 82)....ccecccceeececcccccceecessseeee .

Kaunda Praises Nigeria, Togo at State House
(DAILY MAIL, 6 May 82)........eeeeeeeee dee eeneeeeeeseeee

Kaunda Makes Opening Address to ADB, ADF Annual Meeting
in Lusaka
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 May 82).

ADB-DBZ Loan Agreement.
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 May 82)......

Minister Seeks Increased UK Aid for Agricultural Industry
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 4 May 82)....seseeceecceeveceeee se eeeee

Shapi Calls for Increased Zambia-Zaire Trade To Ease Border
Tension
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 5 May 82)....

Importer of Foreign Magazines May Close Two Branches
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 May 82).

Uncleared Zambian Goods in Dar es Salaam Will Not Be
Auctioned
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 May 82).....sseeeeeeee bee e eee c eens

UNZA To Start Courses in Scientific Socialism
(DAILY MAIL, 4 May 82)...ccccceccccccececccecaceceececece

Zambia, Romania Renew Their Barter Agreement
(DAILY MAIL, 5 May 82)........4-

ICA Hails Transfer of Some Namboard Activities to
Cooperatives
(DAILY MAIL, 5 May 82, TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 May 82)........

ICA Regional Director's Statement
Party's Decision Correct, Editorial

Mundia Announces Importation of Four Million Bags of Maize
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 6 May 82)......seeeeeeee eee e eee ee eeee

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

64



ZAMBIA

ZAIRE GOVERNMENT PAYS DEBT TO ZAMBIA RATLWAYS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 May 82 p 4

[excerpt] The Zaire Government has paid off more than K3 million owed to
Zambia Railways since last year, Zambia Railways general manager Mr Basil
Monze said yesterday.

But, Mr Monze, who praised Zaire for paying up, mde it clear the money was
not owed to his company as such but was an accumulation to the Zaire National
Railways through a wagon inter-change between the two countries,

He would leave for Zaire this weekend to make permanent payment arrangements
between the two neighbouring states,

On the credit facilities his company withdrew from parastatal companies and
Government departments for failing to pay about K2 million in various

services, Mr Monze declined to comment, He only said Zimco and the Govern-
ment were looking into the mtter, He could not name the defaulters either,

He confirmed that three passenger trains were running without lights in the
coaches for the past 18 months because of problems in getting foreign
exchange and lack of spare parts.

He explained that the coaches were bought from Japan sometime back while
the generators were bought from a company called Stone-Platt in Britain,

cso: 4700/1220

68



MAINTENANCE OF WATER PIPE LINE UNDERWAY

ETHIOPIA

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 29 Apr 82 pp 1, 7

[Text] ASMARA (ENA) — The main-
“tenance of water pumping generators
‘and the renovation of*the major sup-
I ply lines is underway here to improve
the city’s piped wattr supply system.
§, “According to Comrade Dr. Berhane
Weaynishét, Heal of the Aimara'Water
iSewerage Department, the supply lin.
es in the town are obsolete and that
their revolution was ‘necessary. Signi-
ficant moves have been. already made
in this direction.
‘The maintenance of the water. pumps
“underway while a new dam is
“under construction to ensuie depend-
_able distribution, Comrade Dr. Ber-
hane said. ~*

Comrade Dr. Berhane noted’ that
‘the Asmara Water Supply ,,Depart-
iment was unable to expand its ;ser-
‘ices due to’ shortages of funds but
‘that it has now ‘started replacing old

| ‘supply lines with finance’ capital ac-
- quired from the Overall City Council
‘since the. latter’s establishment. . ~
‘The town gets its water supply from
the May Nefhi and Adi Nefas dams,

«the bigger of the twe dams has a ca-

| pacity of 26,000,000 ciibic metres, °

Meanwhile, contraband goods valu-
ed at 1,173,800 Birr were seized by

- finance police and’ éustom’ inspectors
‘between March 1981 and March 1982,
according‘ to Comrade Major ‘Tafesse

;-Haile-Mariam Head of‘ the Regional

; Finance Police Department,

Goods: estimated at. 799,689 Birr
‘were confiscated on the tuling of the
* court, ‘ :

.. The: items intercepted included va-
rious clothing, tape' recorders, incense,
children’s clothes and night gawns
and pyjamas, The goods were seized
at various checkpoints in the
vicinity of Asmara, Massawa,
Keren, Adi Keyh and Mendefera

towns, Comrade Major Tafesse
disclosed,

In a related development, a certain Kidane Yohannes Tekle was nabbed

at Asmara Airport while attempting to sg
16,400 Birr from Jeddah. The case igs pending investi.
to Comrade Major Tafesse who also noted that a major
to curb illicit trade in the region,

CSO: 4700/1229

23

muggle 8,550 U.S. dollars and
gation, According
effort is underway



NCU MANAGER EXPLAINS FAILURE TO RESUME RICE PROCESSING

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 6 May 82 p 3

[text]

cso:

f THE Northern Co-operative
{Union (NCU) has not re-
_sumed rice processing due
‘to the delay by Ministry
: of Commerce and Industry
| to fix an acceptable econo-
jumic Price for the commo-
i dity.

‘ : Acting NCU ‘ general
f manager, Mr Longa
{ Sichalwe said yesterday the
| Prolonged price ‘ wrangle
© had forced the Kasama rice
mill to remain idle for
| several months now.

) Mr Sichalwe said the
;union had found it
“uneconomical to buy paddy
[rice at a higher price and’
Pyet people expected the
funion. to sell the same
commodity at controlled
| price:

i -<“This would result in
{the union operating at a
“loss,” the acting general

4700/1220

66

“manager observed:

Mr Sichalwe who could
not state what his union
demanded to be an eco-
nomic price said the matter
was already with Commer-
ce and Industry officials.
Commenting on the rice
ill at Kasama commi-
ssioned by President
Kaunda last year, Mr

‘Sichalwe ‘said the mill.

‘was designed to process
‘enough rice to meet
‘national requirements and
avoid importation of the
commodity.

©. Turning to production
of rice by farmers in the
province, Mr_ Sichalwe
said the 16,000 bags of
itice produced per year
‘were not enough as the mill
‘required to handle 100,000
“bags to make it operate
cat full capacity.

ZAMBIA



ZAMBIA

UNCLEARED ZAMBIAN GOODS IN DAR ES SALAAM WILL NOT BE AUCTIONED
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 May 82 p 2

[Excerpt]

ZAMBIA and other
neighbouring coun-
[tries that import their
ygaoods through Dar es
Ba aaty port will not
{have their, unefeared
goods. audtioned: by
sthe port authority.
4 Trade counsellor at the
‘Tanzanian high commis-,
pee in Lusaka, Mr Mar-
0 Kassaja could not give
reasons for the. timely
reprieve to. the importers
mor could he discuss
Zambia’s complaints that
(Tanzania was squeezing
{her by high port charges
for uncleared cargo at
jthe port.”
i But Mr Kassaja said it was
normal practice for any port in
ithe world to penalise importers
iby auctioning, their goods if

ithey failed to clear them in
ftime.

The penalties which Zambi:
i ia
and other neighbouring states
had survived included auction-
ing and surcharges of unclear-

Authority do not auction Zam-
Rbia’s goods which have stayed
fat the port long because Zam-

ed enods.
| “The ‘Tanzanian Harbour

(bia is a Sister coummry. WE give

ur neighbours preferential
treatment,” he said
He did not, say how long

some Zambian goods had

emained at the port without
ing collected but, informed
sources regretted that some of
fit had not beeh cleared since
‘ebruary last year.
The Tanzanian iimporters
iwere not exempted from the
malty adding: “If our own
‘importers delay to clear their
igoods, we auction them.’””

Apart from the exempting
neighbouring countries from
ithe auction it was. part of
‘anzania’s commitment to
ive neighbouring importers,
long grace periods in which to}
ear their cargo: after which
hey were reminded of the! pro~
Fbleitisinvolved. —
f Tanzania harbour had
iithreatened to . g0 slow in
yhandling Zambian cargo but
‘the Tanzanian official said

there would never be any pile

up of Zambian cargo at ‘the
port because of “an improve-
ment in services there.”
Mr Kassaja said on April 6,
;there was a total of 11,000
‘tonnes of Zambian imports at
‘the port. Out of this.number,
‘only 4,000 had been docu-
mented. The rest had not yet
been attended to.

cso: 4700/1220

59



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

SCHOLARSHIPS IN USSR--More scholarships have been announced by the Ministry

of Education and this time in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. A
release from the Ministry of Education says the Ministry of Education invites
applications from suitably qualified Batswana to pursue studies at Higher
Educational Institutions and Technical Schools in the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republic (USSR). Applicants should have passed Cambridge School Certificate
or its equivalent with credits in Mathematics and a science subject and a pass
in English Language, Priority manpower development areas in which training
will be provided are: Medicine, Stomatology, Industrial and Civil Engineering,
Architecture, Railway Construction and Maintenance, Agricultural Machinery,
Radio Engineering, Meat Technology and Weaving. Applications from serving
officers should pass through Heads of Departments or Supervisors. Public
Officers and Serving Teachers should submit theirs through the Directorate

of Personnel and Director of Unified Teaching Service respectively, Applica-
tions should be addressed to the Bursaries Secretary Private Bag 005,

Gaborone and should reach this office on or before 5th May 1982, [Text]
[Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 19 Apr 82 p 3]

MATLHAKO GIVEN VILLAGE STATUS--A new settlement 'Matlhako' in the Tswapong
South, has been recognised and accepted as a new village in the Central
District. Declaring Matlhako as a village under the Tribal Act, the Bangwato
Tribal Authority, Mr Mokgacha Mokgadi said that there were historical records
dating as back as 1940s which indicated that the people had long settled there,
More than 400 residents attended the meeting which was also addressed by
delegates from the Central District Council. Among other senior local
authorities was the Serowe District Commissioner Mr Marcus Rowland. The
officials told the meeting that the village would be considered with others
during the distribution of the district development projects but explained
that the village would first have to be included in the District Development
Plan like all other villages. The Matlhako residents were asked to be patient
with the District Council while arrangement were still being made to bring
services to them, [Text] [Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Apr 82 p 3]

cso: 4700/1218

16



NIGERIANS REPORTEDLY HARASSED IN GHANA

London WEST AFRICA in English No 3377, 26 Apr 82 p 1169

[text]

cso:

4700/1211

The Nigerian High Commissioner in Ghana, Chief Adedeji Adeyemi,
is concerned over the fate of Nigerians in Ghana. Chief Adeyemi told
seven Nigerian journalists who were in Accra at the invitation of the
Ghanaian Government to assess the situation in the country, that many
Nigerians came to his office daily to report that they were either
arrested, harassed or molested by Ghanaians. he said that an average of
150 Nigerians and Ghanaians came to the Commission daily asking for
emergency travelling certificates to leave Ghana.
~The High Commissioner said he would soon embark on a country-
wide tour to find out what is happening to Nigerians living in various
parts of Ghana. He said that more than 3,000 Nigerians had left Ghana
since the beginning of the country’s present military government. Chief
‘Adeyemi said that the Nigerian High Commission had refused to accept
the body of a Nigerian who was allegedly shot at an Ashiama military
checkpoint, until a post-mortem examination was carried out. A number
of Nigerians told the News Agency of Nigeria that some people who
claimed to be Ghanaian soldiers had beaten them up, ransacked their
homes and taken away their money.

In another interview, Fit-Lt. Rawlings assured Nigerians living in
Ghana that they were safe to go about their legitimate business without
fear of molestation. He told Nigerian journalists that he was shocked at
the allegations of attacks on Nigerian residents in Ghana and immediate-
ly directed his aides to investigate the allegations and bring those
involved to book. One of his aides who was present at the interview, Mr.
P. A. V. Obeng, said he was only aware of the case of the 20 Nigerians
who were arrested in Tema during an. anti-black market operation.

Fit-Lt. Rawlings said he was going to get details of the circumstances
under which a Nigerian was shot dead, and added that if the man was
actually killed the soldiers did not shoot him because he was Nigerian.
He, however, did not rule out the possibility that some people might be:
taking. the law into their own hands to tarnish the image of the
government. “Our enemies have means of infiltrating the system to
cause chaos and confusion among the people.”

Fit-Lt. Rawlings said that the Nigerian High Commission in Accra
had yet'to’inform ‘him about the plight’ of Nigerians in Ghana, and
warned that any Ghanaians caught molesting people would be dealt with
severely. hon

33

NIGERIA



KAUNDA PRAISES NIGERIA, TOGO AT STATE HOUSE

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 6 May 82 p 1

[text]

“PRESIDENT KAUNDA yes
{ terday said Zambia had a sofi
/spot for Nigeria because of
“her contribution to the econo-

‘-mic development and peace in‘

Africa.

He said Nigeria played a
major role in the events that
led: to the independence of
Zimbabwe and has continued
“to render similar assistance to
the . struggling. masses of
Namibia and South Africa.

The President was speaking
at State House when Nigerian
minister of finan¢e Mr
Victor Masi paid a courtesy
call on him. He also paid

jtribute to! Nigeria for her
“support of current African
“Development . Bank president
{Mr Willa Mung’omba.

\. He said in this, Nigeria
chad shown its confidence in
Zambia and the country would
show its appreciation by not
-letting down its supporters. Dr
Kaunda commended Nigeria’s
‘continued active role for the
cause of Africa, pointing out
that this was evident in the

cso: 4700/1220

‘sacrifices made by President
’Shehu Shagari, the govern-
yment and the people.

:. He’. said Nigeria was re-
{garded as a Frontline state
seven though it was not in the
‘vicinity of the southern African
conflict because of its ideologi-
‘cal stand and active role and
recalled that it was because
sof Nigeria’s positive decision
{at‘the Lusaka Commonwealth
‘Summit in 1979 that led to a
‘speedy_ processing of the
}Zimbabwean independence by

Britain. :

PRE Nisetian minister toid
tthe’ President his country
watched with delight and
‘cherished Zambia's role in the
jstruggle for freedom in
jAfrica. He had brought per-”
‘sonal greetings from President

:Shagari who held Dr. Kaunda ,

and the people of Zambia in
thigh esteem.

; Nigeria was aware of
‘Zambia’s contribution to the
‘establishment of the ADB
yand was proud that its support

53

ZAMBIA

of a’ Zambian as’ president
not misplaced. | Mr
‘Mung’omba, __ the ‘Nigerian
tminister said, had proved
ivery able of the task before
phim. -

i Speaking to Togolese minis-
“ter of finance who is also
jurrent chairman of the ADB
group Mr Tete Benissan, the
\President said Zambia was
‘proud of Togo’s good chair-
“manship of the finaricial insti-

ytution.

* “It is this type of work that
‘gives us hope for the future
‘of Africa. Without hard work
fand love for each other we
icannot succeed.”

The Togolese minister said
fhis country was looking for-
gward to future co-operation
jand future successes of the
{ADB under the leadership of
‘Zambian . finance minister
‘Kebby ".Musokotwane and
'Mr Mung’omba.
© As host minister Mr Muso-
‘kotwane also takes over the
‘chairmanship of the ADB

isroUp-



ETHIOPIA

WEEKLY WRAP-UP OF NON-ENGLISH PRESS
Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 2 May 82 p 3
[Article by Dereje Balcha in column "Views, Comments, Opinions"]

[text] ae

‘An article in this ‘week's issue of
Serto Ader organ. of the Central Com-

‘qnittee of COPWE, highlighted the
significance of May Day celebrations
( observed throughéut the world yester-
| day for the 93rd time. The paper out
(lined the characteristic features that
" qd to the significance of the event

| from the stand point of the struggle

\ ‘being waged by the working class to do

! | away with oppression and exploitation
‘im all forms and thereby establish a
just social order.

In this connection, Serto Ader point:
- ed out the ceaseless class struggle be-

ing waged by workers against bourgeois
| exploiters and the victories achieved in

‘alll aspects. The organ of the Central”

‘Committee of COPWE. further high-
‘Lighted ‘the “ political “and” economic
rights being enjoyed by ‘workers in the
. Socialist countries -where the’ struggle
‘of the working ‘class has culminated in
the realization of socialism.
As regards the spirit in which May
| Day is celebrated in vatious countries,
the paper revealed that workers mark
the day with added determination to
‘ maximize productivity on the one hand

19

Cand safeguarding the gaing of sociah |
‘ism from the plots of imperialism and
‘ other forces of reaction on. the other.
At this juncture, the .\COPWE (CG
‘ organ made note of the . impediments

| workers in the capitalist camp face in
(their efforts to edie ‘the realization
‘of justice. \ 2

' Ren Pled

<_Serto Ader pointed out “that since

its very appearance on the world poli-

| tieal scene, the working class hag en-
countered numerous challenges aimed

“at impeding she fulfilment © of
its objectives. However, the
paper added, since the working class
had the guidance of tested and season-"',
ed revolutionaries such as Karl Marx,
Frederick Engles, Vi. Lenin and’
others, it has been possible to build
socialism over one-third of the world
today.

‘The struggle of the working class in

f the capitalist world: and in developing

\eotintries today noted Serto Ader, is to

; further strengthen their unity of pur-
‘pose ‘and liberate themsélves from bour-
_geois exploitation. in that respect, May
“Day is the appropriate forum that cre-

“ates conducive conditions to realize
this lofty objective, the COPWE OC
> organ concluded. .



ANNOUNCEMENT OF NEW PRICE CONTROLS WELCOMED

Harare THE HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 1

[text]

THD Government yester-
day gazetted new regula-
tions controlling prices of
basic, essential and popu-
Jar consumer goods in the
‘country.

_ ‘The ‘new legislation —
the Control of Goods
(Price Control) Order 1982
\— which comes into force
today, replaces the price
freeze which was first in-
troduced on December 17
last year, which expired at
midnight last night.

‘In Harare yesterday the
Minister of Trade” and
Commerce, Mr Richard
Hove, said. the purpose of
ithe price freeze had been
to allow the Government
time to overhaul the whole
price control system and
establish what changes
were necessary to bring
price control into line with
other related policies of
the Government in the new
leconomic order in Zim-
babwe.

‘The Minister said. that
when the decision to in-
troduce the price freeze
was made, the Government
also decided to establish
a prices board as a per-

manent institution to ad-
vise’ Government on all
economic issues relevant
rice contro} policies.

‘0 he board’s first task
had been to recommend
price - control systems for
the future and had sub-
mitted very comprehensive
and constructive reports.
‘The minister, sald that
Government had _ given
very careful and detailed
consideration to the board's
reports and had made de-
cisions on the new price

contro! groind rules.
These ground rules had
been embodied in the new
price control legislation
and the new Control of
Goods Order 1982. Under
the new order, prices of
basic, essential and popu-
consumer goods would

be closely controlled.
Goods covered by’ the
specific price control orders
were bread, milk, sugar,
beef, maize meal, vegetable
oils and fats, kapenta fish,
chemical fertilisers, cem-

vent, petroleum fuels, pas-
senger cars, light commer-
lal vehicles and ‘motor-
cycles,

‘A spokesman for the
ministry said no one
‘could .change the exist-
“ing prices of the items.

“These are what we call
‘sensitive items, popularly
‘eonsumed by the ‘people.
The Government takes a
keen interest in them and
fixes the prices for eco-
nomic reasons.”

‘He said prices of some

goods could not. be in-
creased at the factory or
wholesale level without his
prior approval.

(These are clear beer,
spirits, mineral waters,
cigarettes and processed
‘tobacco products, agri-
cultural seeds (maize, bar-
ley, soya beans, sorghum,
wheat, groundnuts and
, sunflower), matches, news-
“papers, iron and’ steél,
‘tyres and tubes, stock-
feeds, including "poultry
feeds, pork and pork pro-

86

ZIMBABWE

‘ducts, “dressed poultry,
per and paper packag-
Re plastic bags supplied
to manufacturing and pro-
cessing concerns, metal
‘containers, drums and
tubes, glass ‘containers.
There were also goods
for which the importers’ or
local producers’ method of
arriving at selling prices,
had to be approved by the
Ministry of Trade ‘and
Commerce, .
. These are: motor
vehicle parts for repair or
replacement purpose
tractors, agricultural im-
plements and specialised
agricultural equipment
and their parts, agricul-
tural chemicals, including
veterinary products, lubri-
cating oils, jute grain
bags, blasting explosives
and accessories, educa-
tional and technical text
books, typewriters and
ribbons, cash registers,
vealculators, . duplicating
and photocopying machines
_and drugs as defined in the
Drugs and Allied Sub-
stances Control Act.
Other essential and
popular consumer >
er Hove added, were also
subject to maximum
mark-ups at the whole-
sale and retail level.
These are khaki shirts
god shorts, socks and
“stockings, blouses,  pull-
overs, blazers and jackets,
dresses, skirts, napkins,
“piece goods and glass-
ware, whose maximum
wholesale mark-ups and



NIGERIA

OPPOSITION OF UPN TO ECONOMIC MEASURES NOTED

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 May 82 p 40

[text]

IHE UPN does not believe in the
x measures introduced by the
Federal Government to salvage the’
nation’s economy.
. Gomwalk, made his party’s
stand known while speaking to the
DAILY TIMES.
“" He accused the Minister of
Commerce of being reckless with the

issuing of import licences for cars
and other is, saying “‘this contri-
ely to our economic

‘ problems.”

The UPN scribe maintained that
with the measures introduced to save
{the economy goods: would now’ cost

‘Asked if it was not improper for
Chief Awolowo to. have travelled

| abroad to announce that the country
was broke, sometime last year, Mr.
te Gomwalk said, it was the UPN _stu-
“dents abroad. who asked Chief
‘Awolowo during his holiday abroad

cso: 4700/1208

40

ieome questions on the nation’s econo-
he had to say something.
ie. denied ‘that Chief ‘Awolowo
addres the students ‘with a pre-
speech on the economy.
PO Chief Awolowo'e letter to the

Presiden on the geonamy., Mr.  Gom-
‘walk admitted tha infortane :
that the: let i ss leaked ¢ pen

Tnewspapers before it was eat ip “to
reach the President.

*. He said the important thing, how:
> ever, was that the UPN warned the
i ‘government earlier on the economy.

* Mr. Gomwalk said that the passing

| of the Enabling Bill, was wrong but
* said that the 'N respected the posi-
tion of the UPN members in the
’ National Assembly in voting in
‘favour of the Bill, to avoid accusation
of an attempt to obstruct the Presi-

\' dent from solvin; the economic crisis.

' ~ He said that ligeria should pull
“ont of OPEC to be in a better position
to’determine her oil prices without
‘any, interference.



KANGAIL REITERATES NEED FOR LABOR UNITY

Squabbles Hit

Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 1

[text]

have already umited,

UNIONS -egistered under
previous regimes will lose
some or all of their in-
terests if they do not
unite,. the Minister of
Labour .and Social Ser-
vices, Mr Kumbirat
Kangai, said yesterday.
Mr Kangai was speak-
ing at the opening of.the
congress of the Commer-
cial Workers’ Union of
Zimbabwe held in Harare

Lyesterday.

He said that the elimina-
tion of multi-untonism
would ensure the granting
of interests to those unions
that demonstrated to the

© Government they repre-—

sented the niafority of the
people.

‘Unions which were still
divided would not be
registered and trade union-
ists should stop getting
involved in “naked power

» struggles and mud-sling-
ing”

to the detriment of

_ the Zimbabwe — working

masses.

“To those unions wich
would like to urge union
leaders and executives to
work c] sely together to
formulate new, common
strategies and policies in
the interest of our
workers and the country
as a whole,” the minister
said,

He called on the unions
to avold the embarrassing
attuation of having two
spokesmen, saying they
should delegate the res- |

81

“ponsibility ~~ of

issuing
statements for or on
behalf of the union to one
particular official.

“The ésmage that diver-
gent statements will cause
fo your organisation is, to
say the least, incalculable.
Not only will vhe “mem-
bers you represent lose all
confidence in :he leader-
ship, but also the Govern-
ment and the public will
perceive your organisa-

tion to be chebtic and un-
co-ordinated.”

‘The minister said that
he would like to see em-
ployers’ organisations fol-
lowing the example of
trade unions by uniting on
a national level er
than on a city or regional

‘ basis. .

"eMy ministry’ will view

| employer's organisations
that refuse to merge with
the same contempt that it .

“views trade unions in. the
same category.”
‘Mr Kangai said the new
Labour Act that was
about to be promulgated
|. would have no room for
multiple unions and
employer’s organisations
within the same industry.
It was imperative, there-
fore, that efforts towards
national unity in labour
matters be intensified so
that no one would be
| caught om the wrong eide
of the fence.
He recommended ‘that:

ZIMBABWE



IMPORTER OF FOREIGN MAGAZINES MAY CLOSE. TWO BRANCHES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 6 May 82 p 2

[text]

cso:

4700/1220

nounced yesterday.

‘In a telex message -to the
Times of Zambia Kabwe
office, .Mr Chalabesa said
for. the. same reason, his
company would stop import-
ing popular foreign maga-
zines like Newsweek, Times
‘Magazine, Africa‘and Africa

ae magazines with éffect

from this monthend.

‘Our letter of credit will ex-
| pire at the end of May,”’ he
said. This would have an

adverse effect in the distri-

bution programme of the
‘>. overseas publishers.
>Once the supply was stopped,
} it would be difficult to im-
{ port the magazines at short
> notice. “There is a lag of

time between the opening of
a letter of credit and the

i said.

‘An appeal for foreign ex-

© change allocation was made

{, to the Bank of Zambia. A

* reply is still expected.
Kingstons is Zambia's larg-
est dealer in books, maga-

58

resumption of supplies," he *

** that his

zines and stationery.

“If a reasonable amount of
foreign exchange is not im-
mediately available, the
company may be forced to
closedown one or two
branches,"" he warned.

Mr Chalabesa said_his com-
pany was finding it difficult
to deliver the two national
dailies — the Times of Zam-
bia and Zambia Daily Mail...
on time—to Lusaka and the
Copperbelt ‘‘due to the bad
shape in which its delivery
vans aré."*

“The Party and its Govern-
ment have been made aware
of this problem. The com-
pany is awaiting the out-
come of its application for
a motor vehicles import
licenc2 in order to buy new
vehicles.

Last. month, Mr Chalabesa

said it was for this reason
company had
stopped bringing Dram to
Zambia.

{KINGSTONS may close down two of its branches soon”
because of lack of foreign exchange, the company’s
general manager, Mr Emmanuel Chalabesa an-

ZAMBIA



needed
foreign capital for indus-
trial .expansion, but this

labour Teaders Keep them- ‘The country
selves informed vf Govern-
ment policy as they were
representatives of the ‘money was not attractive
Zimbabwean working esatise foreign’ investors
class, wants expatriate their |

“We expect the trade profits. to ep
union leaders to keep in °
touch with Government so

as to be better able to in- “He said thi at trade
_ form: constituents about vuntons should educate thelr
“the direction in which we members on the desirabil-

are all moving.” ity of raising local capital
Ye sald ‘workers in and forming | productive
Zimbabwe would. always co-operative ventures.
have a pivotal role to play “The concept of capital
because it was through | accumulation and. forma~
their participation that | ion of co-operativés should
the Government and the vbe injected into the sylla-
public could be repre- | buses pursued at workers’

sented in all enterprises. education seminars
.. For workers to be effec- a all
tive and to participate Mr Kanga urged all

unions to begin to orien.
tate their members on the
ideological concepts of the
Government ‘as this would
*, assist them in understand-
Ping Government policies.

meaningfully in company
decisions, they had to im-
prove their educatioi
“Government aims will
be doomed to failure for as
long as the labour educa-
tion level of the majority
of, workers remains as it |

Workers in Limelight

Harare THE HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 6

(Editorial: "Unions! Needs")

[Text]

| GOVERNMENT ministers'keep stressing the value and importance

of the country’s workers. Employers are often urged to increase ”

‘the conditions and status of their workers arid to ipvolve them

more in management and decision-making.

The workers aré in the limelight ‘and have just celebrated
their special day. It is therefore unfortunate that they themselves
are not as organised and responsible as they should Be.

There are cases of two unions representing or claiming to
represent one industry; there are leadership squabbles; there

‘are conflicting public statements; and there is-a reluctance of
* some workers to join unions. : . ‘

The messages urging unity and strength, delivered at the
May Day rallies, must be taken seriously, and all must work to

’ put their house in order. But there. is more to it than formal

organisation. i]

82



LIBERIA

DETAILS OF AGREEMENT WITH CHINA AIRED
AB180938 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 0655 GMT 18 May 82

[Text] The Government. ofthe PRC has::agreed to provide a $30 million loan to
Liberia to revive theLiberia Sugar Corporation, Lisbsuco, in Maryland County.
This was disclosed in Monrovia yesterday by Commander in Chief [CIC] Samuel
K. Doe at the executive mansion where he gave (?latest) report of his visit
to five Afro-Asian countries.

Chairman Doe described the loan as a laudable assistance and explained that
it brought into realization the council's pledge to the people of Maryland
County that they would revitalize that important industry. CIC Doe also said
that the Chinese Government has also donated ‘20 military jeeps for use by the
armed forces of Liberia, 4 80-seater buses and 2 Chinese limosines for the
Government of Liberia.’ Spare parts for these vehicles: will be provided by
the Chinese Government while at the same time a Chinese technical team will
be sent to Liberia bythe Chinese Government to train mechanics to maintain
them, Head of State Doe said.

In other areas of assistance from the Chinese Government, head of state an-
nounced ‘that -as a result of his visit, the Chinese Government has also
agreed to send a-technical team to Liberia’ to do feasibility studies on the
(Ganpa-Kapeta~Zwedru-Karper) highway in a bid to consider the possible
rebuilding and (?saving) of that highway in the not-too-distant future. In
addition, a team of ‘Chinese medical doctors and specialists will be sent to
Liberia to study the health needs of the Liberian people. He also disclosed
that (?four) scholarships have been made available to the Liberian Govern-
ment by the Chinese Government for Liberians to study agriculture and medi-
cine in that country.

Concluding the report on his visit to the PRC, Head of State Doe said a cul-
tural agreement was signed between both governments which provide for the

formation of cooperation in the fields of education, science, public health,
sports, publishing, press and broadcasting.

cso: 4700/1213

27



pride, to cause the OAU to give up its proposal for negotiation among Chadians?
We dare to believe, however, that it is still in the French interest to have
peace restored as soon as possible.

In Central Africa, Socialist France maintains 1,200 soldiers--the former
“barracudas"--after having had difficulty convincing the local head of state,
General Kolingba, that France was not involved in Ange Patasse's abortive coup
attempt at the end of March. We can understand the uneasiness of the French
Socialists over the Central African military regime which has been in power
since September 1981, even if the latter has shown a little more backbone than
its civilian predecessor, former President Dacko. However, for France to lis-
ten to--and this did happen-~a former foreign minister of Bokassa who had been
in France for 5 months may have appeared even more ill advised in that the man
exhibited, more than any ideology, a strong appetite for power.

Mr Ralite's Letter

The most recent example of misunderstanding between Paris and an African capi-
tal--in this case Yaounde--was the letter from Mr Ralite published Wednesday
31 March by LE QUOTIDIEN DE PARIS calling for the extradition, for humanitar-
ian reasons, of Cameroon detainees. President Ahidjo--who has never been
tender with his opponents--was even more angry because numerous Cameroonian
exiles, like many other African opposition members in refuge in France, have
access to the Socialist Party or the Communist Party.

Is there today in the leadership of the parties in power in Paris a will not

to censure but to keep their distance from certain African regimes whose methods
are deplored? This temptation is evident. The concerned ministers seem to
regularly receive recommendations to this effect from militants. Each has his
own view of Africa and how to deal with it.

Not without: reason, the Socialist Party believed that the Eritrean resistance
deserved a salutation. The fact that the party gave one publicly inevitably
provoked anger in Addis Ababa and greatly embarrassed the French Government.
Whether or not this was done in coordination with the Quai d'Orsay does not
alleviate the naivete of the gesture: One cannot hope to strengthen relations
with the Ethiopian revolution--as Mr Cheysson obviously wishes to do--while at
the same time publicly condemning repression of the Eritrean resistance. Even
if the right hand does not know what the left is doing--or the Socialist Party
did not feel that it had.to clear the matter with Matignon, the African leaders
perceive it only as double-dealing and react accordingly.

Whatever the intentions, these initiatives are far from giving French diplomacy
a coherent image. The fact that France has an "African vocation," just as
French-speaking Africa has a "French vocation," can only emphasize the gap
between the principles proclaimed by the Socialists and the realities which
they face today.

The French Government has clearly not been able to overcome this contradiction,
and recently, instead of reassuring, it has.ended up by irritating a lot of
people in Africa without apparently gaining any moral or practical benefit.

9220
cso: 4719/813



NIGERIA

AUSTERITY MEASURES REPORTED HITTING STEEL INDUSTRY
Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 1 May 82 p 5

[text] Steel Minister Malam Mamman Ali Makele on Thursday in Lagos
announced that the austerity measures recently announced by the Federal
Government had also hit the steel sector,

He told the consultative meeting of the board chairmen and general managers
of steel companies that there would be no supplementary appropriation for
them this current financial year.

Malam Makele said that more funds would not be released to the steel
companies "until you have prepared detailed 1982 budgets based on your
allocation for the year as approved in the Appropriation Act."

The tiinister therefore warned the steel chief executives to exercise
utmpst prudence in the disbursement of funds.

The chief executives were putting heads together in Lagos on how to harmonise
policies and exchange ideas on the management of the steel companies,

Malam Makele hinted that future release of funds would be mde subject to a
proper accounting of previous releases,

He said decision would soon be taken on scheduling and phasing over the
execution of new projects,

But nonetheless, steel was still the priority of the present administration
by ensuring that all projects were executed, Malam Makele said.

Malam Makele said that N900 million was spent on steel imports last year
while a rise of over N2 billion was envisaged in 1990.

The minister announced that prices of locally produced steel will soon be
fixed.

He said that the success of steel project depended much on the co-operation
of all the employees of the steel parastatals.

He charged the steel chief executives to further demonstrate unrelentless
efforts towards achieving the targets set for the steel complex by the
Federal Government.

cso: 4700/1208 42



A number of African heads of state haye enough influence in Paris that people
listen to them. Their knowledge of the French political scene is sufficiently
thorough that when the need arises they know how to use us, just as we use
them, Because toward the end of his term Giscard d'Estaing had neglected his
African partners, he had the bitter experience of seeing his African "elec-
torate" slide toward Mr Chirac.

With the election of Mr Mitterrand, the heads of African states were granted
their wish to preserve their direct access to the president of the republic,
thanks to the continuance at the Elysee of a counsellor for African and Mala-
gasy affairs, in this case Guy Penna. It was also at their request that "co-
operation" remained a ministry, even if the present minister Jean-Pierre Cot.
intends to direct his efforts to development issues and refuses to be the
“minister for Africa."

Though. announcing that existing agreements would be honored, the French Social-
ists came to power with the hope of introducing a little strictness into
Prench-African relations: to base aid on "self-centered. development" in order
to put an end to the "recolonization" of the dark continent, as Mr Cot put it;
to take care to warn regimes judged to be too brutal; and, above all, to avoid
any familiarity with those heads of state with a tendency.'to personalize state-
to-state relations. And finally, to dismantle certain semiclandestine networks,
and in particular dissolve the "praetorian guards" which Paris had placed at
the disposal of certain African capitals.

After nearly a year of Socialist administration, the balance sheet is rather
disconcerting. President Mobutu of Zaire, the “bete noir" of the Socialist
Party--which did not treat him kindly in its electoral program-—was “rehabili-
tated" in November at the French-African summit conference in Paris, from
which he emerged a big winner. Did he not send, at France's request and at
U.S. expense, a battalion to Chad as part of the inter-African peace force?
Though Libreville is no longer the capital of the mercenaries, ready to foment
disorder in the neighbor country as happened in the past, the clever and vigi-
lant President Bongo has thus far not visibly yielded to the pressures on him
to moderate his single-party regime. During the past few months, he has re-
portedly shown a tendency instead to harden his attitude in regard to opposi-
tion members who have support in Paris.

Some Inconsistency

In Chad, although the OAU announced at the beginning of February that it favored
negotiation among Chadians, Paris resumed, after only a week's interruption,
its arms deliveries to one of the protagonists of the conflict, Goukouni
Queddei.’ It is understandable that in November, after the Libyan withdrawal,
France was disappointed that Hissein Habre, not France's favorite, proved to
be the best armed to fill the vacuum thus ereated. However, it is harder to
understand, 5 months later, an obstinacy. not only in blocking Habre's way but
also in encouraging ‘Goukouni Oueddei to reject a compromise, particularly when
the "southerners" are more and more openly showing that they are tired of this
war among northerners, in which they do not feel directly concerned. Now that
the main objective--the Libyan military withdrawal--has long been achieved and
does not seem to be in doubt, is it the objective of Paris, for reasons of



NIGERIA

APPEAL FOR MORE NEWSPRINT PUBLISHED
Enugu DAILY STAR in English 1 May 82 p 2
[Editorial in the column "Comment": "Do Not Ban Newsprint")

[text] As part of the measures to revamp the ailing nation's economy, the
President Alhaji Shehu Shagari recently ordered the banning of some, imported
goods into the country while stricter import restrictions were imposed on
some other items,

In the face of the banning fever which has engulfed the entire nation, media
chief executives have appealed to the Federal Government not to place news-
print on the list of banned or restricted items for importation. They made
the appeal recently in Calabar when they called on the Cross River State
Governor Dr Clement Isong.

This clarion call could be seen as a pre-emptive gesture to forestall the
ban on newsprint coming into the country. The chief executives contended
that a mere rumour of such import restrictions was enough to make some
newspapers to fold up, leading to loss of job of thousands of employees and
hardship for their families and dependants.

If anything, newsprint is one of the items which we consume extensively but
which the country does not produce. It is on record that apart from the
projected newsprint factory at Itu Cross River State yet to go into production
and a few others in the western states, Nigeria does not have any other news-
print manufacturing industries which means that our numerous newspaper
industries are largely dependent on imported newsprints. And here lies the
justification of the media chief executives apprehension.

Newsprint could be likened to perform to newspaper industries the functions
which motor parts perform to car assembling plants in the country. Besides,
the role of newspapers in the development and growth of any nation is in
invaluable, Newspapers as part of the media of mss communication g@p exist-
ing between the government and its citizens, Their functions are even more
apparent now that Nigeria has ddopted a new system of government--the presi-
dential system.

36



CHIEPE SAYS MINERAL RIGHTS NO LONGER FOR BRITISH SA COMPANY

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 20 Apr 82 p 1

[text]

cso:

4700/1218

MINERAL rights in Lobatse Town Council and farms are
‘no more reserved In favour of the British South Afric:

;Company, Infact, all mineral rights in Botswana are vested in
the State in terms of section 3 of the Mines and Minerals Act

| (Cap 66:01).

This was the reply in Parliament
from the Minister of Commerce
and Industry, Mr M.P.K. Nwako.
on behalf of the Minister of
Mineral Resources and Water
Affairs Dr G.K.T. Chiepe to a
Parliamentary question asked by
the MP for Kanye South, Mr B.S.
Gaseitsiwe. The MP wanted to
know whether it was a condition
that all minerals, precious stones,

oil or other natural products
found below the surface of the
the land in Lobatse Town Council
and farms is reseved in favour of
the British South Africa Company
and if any changes have been
made to the contrary since
Independence, whether any
\previous Certificates of
Registered Titles have been
changed accordingly.

Mr Nwako further told Parlia-
ment that the following trend of
events have happened which
culminated in the mineral rights
being vested in the State. Mineral,
rights in Lobatse block weretrans-
ferred from British South Africa
Company to Tuli Exploration
Company (Pty) Ltd., by a Notarial
Deed of Cession of Mineral
Rights No. 17/70 of the
December, 1970.

‘Subsequently, Tuli Exploration
Company and De Beers Con-
solidated Mines, Limited (the

15

latter had been given exclusive |
licence to work on diamon-

diferous grounds in 1892 and

1932 respectively) transferredthe

said mineral rights to the Govern-

ment by a Notarial Deed of Aban-
donment of Mineral Rights No.

6/73 of 29th June 1973.

The Minister said since there
are private landowners in Lobatse
block, Tuli Exploration Company
executed an Act of Indenmity of
the 27th June 1973indemnifying
the Government against any sub-
sequent claims by owners of
property in the Lobatse block.

“The title deeds of land owners
in the Lobatse block are kept at
the Deeds Registry of the
Attorney Generals’ Chambers
and | have been informed that
they are subject to Notarial Deed
of Abandonment of Mineral
Rights in favour of the Govern-
ment whether an endorsement
has been on them or not not,” Mr
Nwako told Parliament.

He said the above procedure
was also followed in regard to
the Francistown and Gaborone
as well.

BOTSWANA



had information indicating the
type of training their children
were going for. This was
announced by the Office of
President at the time.”

Mr Kwelagobe’s attention was
however drawn to a recently
published interview in which Mr
Giddie denied the accusations '
of violence. “BNF has no
intention to engage in an armed |
struggle or to overthrow the
Government if we lost the 1984
elections. Our intention is to
come to power through the ballot '
box,” he had said.

Tothis, Mr Kwelagobe retorted:
“It is surprising because in his
introduction to Pamphlet No.1,
Mr Giddie had this to say in the |
last sentence of paragraph seven: :
the writer urges the Batswana
patriots not to worship the vote,
not to regard the vote as a magic

wand which solves all problems’.

“And again in paragraph ten
of the same introduction, he says:
‘The writer points out that the
struggle in Botswana will not
necessarily be solved by the vote
because most of the Problems ,
are extra-territorial’.”

Mr Kwelagobe maintained that!
the BNF Secretary General was
being dishonest on this issue.
He produced numerous other
BNF documents and quoted
extensively from the BNF's Basic
Document of 1965, Pamphlet
No.1 which said among other
things: “....itis childish and naive
to stick to non-violence when
and where the imperialists, the
colonialists and their local
henchmen use violence against
the people.”

Mr Kwelagobe wenton: “They
have also produced a document
which they call ‘Demonstrations’
and which they use in guiding
their cadres in demonstrations.”

He again quoted a portion
which stated “....if it is a protest
demonstration e.g. protest
against the government of the |
day, in such a case, it is really
not necessary for the demon-—
strators to obtain a permission.
The committee could just tell the
press or inform the government

| of the intention to demonstrate.
In this type of demonstrations, a
clash with the police is usually
inevitable.”

Presenting his argument
further, Mr Kwelagobe noted that
the BNF had lost every election
since 1969. “They kept saying
they would win in 1974, then
1979 and now ;they say they will

_in 1984. Yet from public

F pronouncements, they say they

. know of no example in Africa
where there has ever been a

| change of government through
elections. They went further to
claim that they would never win
the elections here because the
BDP always cheated.”

Mr Kwelagobe then challenged
the BNF to say how it was going
to win the 1984 Elections. “How
iwould they get in if not by use of

“force, as supporiéd by these
various documents of theirs?”
The BNF, said Mr Kwelagobe,
has been virtually denouncing
voting in meetings in otherr parts
of the country.

He also rejected Mr Giddie's
claims that the BNF’s Pamphlet

' No.1 had been misinterpreted.
Mr Kwelagobe had said the
| Pamphlet had clearly spelt out
that the BNF would trample
fundamental human rights in its
determination to hold on to
power. He quoted from the
document again:

‘...freedom of assembly in our
national democratic state, will

‘ not mean nor include freedom
for the enemies of the people to
assemble in order to make plots.
It will mean freedom for the
people to assembly, to consult
together in the interests of the
national democratic front.

Likewise, added Mr
Kwelagobe, the BNF Pamphlet
also spelt out that there would
be no freedom of the press since
it stated ‘.... the press shall bein
the hands of the united front
because otherwise it would mean
freedom of the monopolies or
their intermediaries to influence
public opinion against the
interests of the national front.’

In all this, argued Mr
Kwelagobe, the BNF “clearly
indicates that this is only in its
own self-interest but not in the
interests of the state.”

On the issue of ALDEP and
TGLP, Mr Kwelagobe com-
mented: “If these policies are
unpopular, one wedid have
expected the BNF not to have
participated in them. But the
record clearly shows that some
big ranking members of the BNF
are participating in the TGLP.”
He again quoted from the BNF
manifesto which stated among
other things that people would
be encouraged to fence off plots
and land and those who could
notaffordto, would be financially
assisted through financial

“institutions.

10

(hat are tnesé cnaps Teally
opposing?” he asked. “Because
that’s exactly what TGLP is.
saying.”

What emerges, he went on,
was that not only was the BNF
, dishonest but that it was full of
‘contradictions in interpreting in
its own policies.

Mr Kwelagobe challenged Mr
Giddie to come up with proof of
contradictions between the BDP,
police, army and civil servants.
“These so-called contradictions
between the BDP, police army
and civil servants exist in Mr
Giddie’s imagination only.

“Those contradictions that we
know of, “he added” “are within
the BNF itself.” Again, he quoted
from a document entitled ‘the
History of the BNF.’ This
document states: ‘In the course
of the life of the BNF, three
tendencies developed. (1) They
developed a tribal group which
favoured Bathoen Il. (2) There
was a tribal wing that favoured
Makalaka as a group. (3) There
was a pro East group. There
were always serious struggles
between these groups.

The pro Bathoen II group
seemed to be and or pin its
hopes in support from South
Africa. Pressure from South
Africa precipitated a meeting
which took place in Lobatse.
The proposals from the Bathoen
group were as follows: (1) To
change the name of the party
from BNF to Botswana National
Party. (2) To accept financial
support from South Africa. (3)
Dissociate the Party from socia-
list influences. The two groups
had a vitual confrontation.’

Mr Kwelagobe added: “There-
fore when Mr Giddie talks about
out so-called contradictions, he
must examine his own house
first. The in-fighting in within the
BNF and supported by their
documents that they have various
cliques and factions, fighting

“each other.”

Hammering his point further
on the issue of contradictions,
Mr Kwelagobe referred to a
section in the Pamphiet No.1
which described Chiefs as the
tool of the colonialists and
missionaries for the oppression
of the people.

“Yet in the Botswana National
| Front Manifesto,” he said, “it
, states that the BNF government
' ‘shall encourage chiefs to receive
their precoloniat allegiance to



Kabwe Rural Villagers Appeal to Cooperative To Send Relié£
Maize
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 5 May 82)...

NCU Manager Explains Failure To Resume Rice Processing
(DAILY MAIL, 6 May 82)..

Sugar Company's Manager Says Sugar Shortage To End Soon
(DAILY MAIL, 5 May 82).. .

Zaire Government Pays Debt to Zambia Railways
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 5 May 82)......ccceccecececcreccscecece

ZIMBABWE

Timing, Significance of Kaunda-Botha Meeting Rapped
(Editorial; THE HERALD, 3 May 82)....-.ceeeeeesseecceeeee

Dutch Give $2 Million for Rural Rebuilding
(THE HERALD, 3 May 82)....cceccccccccccccceceesscrcceeeee

Zimbabwe, Angola Boost Trade Links
(THE HERALD, 1 May 82)....cceceeccecccccececceccecceeceecs

Cuba a Model, Says Minister Shamuyarira
(THE HERALD, 4 May 82)...ccceccccccceccccccccccccecseseees

Commentary on Cuban Efforts To Attract Investment
(Editorial; THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 30 Apr 82).....-.-.e00-

Court Told of ZIPRA-ZANLA Fights in Gutu District
(THE HERALD, 4 May 82).....ceeeececccecsseccccccece eee eeee

Pandemonium Erupts as Four Whites Found Guilty
(THE CLTIZEN, 14 May 82).

Help Create Socialism, PM Tells Church
(THE HERALD, 1 May 82)..

Employers Told To Study Socialism
(THE HERALD, 4 May 82)..

Mvuma Merger Delay 'Causing Hardship for Black People'
(THE HERALD, 1 May 82).ccccccccececcecececcteeeeceeeeees .

Kangai Reiterates Need for Labor Unity
(THE HERALD, 3, 4 May 82)..... Pee cece rece renee nese ceneces

Squabbles Hit
Workers in Limelight, Editorial

65

66

67

68

69

71

72

73

74

76

77

78

79

81



KABWE RURAL VILLAGERS APPEAL TO COOPERATIVE TO SEND RELIEF MAIZE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 May 82 p 1

[Excerpt]

cso:

‘VILLAGERS in Kabwe Rural’
shave appealed to the Central
‘Province Cooperative and
(Marketing Union to send relief
‘maize supplies to their depots
‘to avert a famine now threate-,
fning them: because of this
‘year’s drought.
‘At a meeting held in the
'Chikobo ward, villagers from
all sections and branches
gapplealed to the ‘cooperative
kunion, which has taken over
from Namboard inthe pro:
evince, to speedup the train-
jing of personnel to man the
depots to start serving the
jPeople.

“Villagers in our area,
especially my ‘ward have no
jfood because of the drought.
;The situation is so serious that
{urgent action is.needed,”’ ward
‘chairman Mr Aggrey Masulani
{said in Kabwe yesterday.
4. Commenting on the appeal,
éprovincial Member. of the
}Central'Committee Mr Samuel
»Mbilishi said he was not aware
of what Mr Masulani was
stalking about.

4700/1220

“The ward chairman has not
“approached me over the mat-
{ter. When he does, I shall telt
yhim what I know’’.

¢ Mr Masulani said’ villagers
yhad complained: about the
decision by the Agricultural
“Finance Company to confine
its operations to Kabwe
jinstead of’ decentralising
them.

Applications

; ., In the past, farmers received
fapplication forms for loans
from Chibombo. and Kapiri
iMposhi,’ but: the system had
now ‘changed and as a result
‘few farmers would manage to
‘travel to Kabwe to collect
ithe forms: ,
{The result will be that there
‘will be a low production of food
tin the district,"""he said and
appealed to the Party and its
‘Government. to persuade the
‘company to rescind its deci-
sion.
| There was no comment trom
7, AFC in Kabwe. -

i

65

ZAMBIA



cso:

4700/1229

The Oromo language weekly, Barisa
also commented editorially on the
-same subject. The paper noted the part
played by the Ethiopian working class
in the bitter class struggle waged over
the past eight years, and said that this
“year;-the working people of Ethiopia
-eelebrate May Day with a renewed

\pledge and unflinching determination
: to realize the ultimate objectives of the

Revolution.
Barisa reminded that it is the eigh-
th time Ethiopian workers are celebr-
“ating May Day and added that this
year’s celebration is historic in that it
is being marked in the wake of the
Jaunching of the Multi-facted Revolu-
tionary Red Star Campaign in Eritrea
‘region, the campaign: against corrup-
“tion, wastefulness and individual enri-
'chment in all their forms, and the re-
structuring and reorganization of Ethi-
opian workers and peasants. -
The Oromo weekly went on to note

; that: the strength of a revolution and
Supremacy of the working people: is
* guaranteed only under the political
“Jeadersrip of the vanguard party of the
working people. Barisa_ stressed the
role the broad masses play in efforts
sbeing exerted in this direction under
sthe guidance of COPWE. The weekly
_further noted that this is further
‘strengthened by way of laying the eco-
\nomy on‘a firm socialist basis and creat-
‘ing’ a strong defence force.

‘ Unity of Purpose

‘ It stated that the struggle of the
working } people of Ethiopia has proved
“Ytself part and parcel of the inter-
national working class movement. The

paper noted the readiness of Ethiopian
‘workers to intensify the struggle for

y genuine peace, and said they observe
May Day in the spirit of pledging their
unity of purpose with the working peo-
yple of the world and with unflinching
; determination to realize the objectives
of COPWE.

20

Topical as it was, the Arabic langu-
i age weekly Al-Alem, also focussed edi-
, torially on May Day celebrations. The
- paper outlined the various stages of
“social development end ‘the subse-
;quent emergence of capitalism in which
the exploitation of man by man re-
‘ached its highest stage.. The weekly
‘noted, the struggle waged by the Ethi-
|opian working class since its inception.
_Al-Alem further pointed out the part
i | palyed by Ethiopian workers at the up-
surge of the popular revolution in Feb-”
Tuary, 1974, and in the course. of its
; development since then.

A news report carried by the Amha-
"rie daily, Addis Zemen, revealed that
a workshop is being conducted for
vocational education teachers drawn
ifrom primary schools in the western

‘and southern zones of the capital. Ac-
“eording to the ‘report, the workshop,

Hasting for sixteen days; covers areas’
in handicraft and. Home economics
and that the workshop would enable
ithe teachers to put into practice the
principle of “Education for Produc-
tion, For Scientific Research and For
Political Consciousness”, by way of
‘fully utilizing their creative abilities.
Another news report carried by the
Amharic weekly, Yezareitu Ethiopia
(revealed that the Food and Agricultur-
al Research Council has planned to
offer prizes to individuals, groups or
institutions that undertake worthwhile
(research activities with the View to
helping improve the country's food
| and agricultural production, ‘

This, the report noted, has an im-
| portant role to. play in the economic
‘growth of the nation, improving the.
‘living standard of the people and in
| encouraging further academic develop-
ment. .

According to the report, the Coun-
‘ il functions under the National Sci-
“ence and Technology Commission with
:the primary objective of coordinating
‘extensive research activities in the
\ agricultural sector.



BDP-BNF 'WAR OF WORDS' ERUPTS

BNF Attacked

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 22 Apr 82 pp 1, 2

[Article by Jerry Masete]

[text]

FOUR CABINET MINISTERS,
Mr Daniel Kwelagobe of the Public
Service and Information; Mrs
Kebatshabile Disele of Home Affairs;
Mr Lesedi Mothibamele, Acting
Minister of Local Government and
Lands, and the Assistant Minister of
Agriculture, Mr Utlwang
Matlhabaphiri on Sunday addressed
a political rally at Jwaneng on a
number of different subjects, varying
from labour laws, our economic
‘position and the alleged use of force
in case the BNF loses elections.

Ina scathing and uncompromising
attack on the BNF, the Assistant
Minister of Agriculture, Mr Utlwang
Matlhabaphiri who produced
documents to support his statements,
told the meeting that the Secretary
General of the BNF, Mr Mareledi
Giddie has recently said in Serowe
that Botswana was not yet independent
unless she was revolutionised as the
case is with some African States.

The BDP Government was doing
everything possible to ensure that the
welfare of all Batswana develop and
progressively and accordingly and if
Batswana expressed their dissatis-
faction ‘of the Government, it was
their right to out-vote the BDP
Government in a general election,
but not at all by any revolutionary
‘means as the BNF wished, he declared.

Jt was abundantly clear, alleged

Mr Matthabaphiri, that the BNF ‘

| Government would not allow the
existence of a multi-party state, but
would declare a one-party state, the
‘moment it was voted to power.

The document states that funda-
mental freedom of human rights will
be enjoyed by those who support the
BNF. It was also disclosed that certain

> institutions in Kanye and Serowe are

run under the leadership of BNF
members and were not operating and
functioning satisfactorily. He said
Government was well aware of that.

Mr Mailhabaphiri also said that
the BNF youth league wrote a letter
at the University of Botswana and
‘Swaziland working on what he
described as their ‘‘Acting
Programme.”

Extracts of the letter were publicly
read “(a) we will disrupt all Campus
activities and bring about a situation
of confusion there by desicrediting
Professor Turner's administration,
“(b) to deplore to coup the students’
Representative Council and impose
on its place a committee which will
turn the University into a BNF string-
held.”

According to BNF pamphlet number
‘one, Mr Matlhabaphiri continued,

' the BNF is not for Socialism. Here

Mr Matthabaphiri was pointing out
the contradictions which exist in BNF
documents and their own pronoun-
cements.

‘Another speaker on similar line
was the Minister of Public Service
and Information, Mr Daniel
Kwelagobe, who told the gathering
that he was convinced that the BNF
was committed to taking over the
Government by force although this
has always been denied by them on
several occasions. Several paragraphs
from BNF Pamphlet Number One
and some other documents were
quoted to support this view. This he
added, was made known to Ngamiland
residents by a BNF team which was
addressing meetings in Gaborone.
They said if they failed to win the
elections, then they would use force.

BOTSWANA



DISEASE RESISTANT COFFEE--Jimma--The Gossa two unit of the southwestern
coffee development corporation has produced 700,000 disease resistant coffee
seedlings to be planted over 125 hectares this year, according to Comrade
Tsegaye Bekele, Deputy Head of the Corporation, Comrade Tsegaye stated that
the move to produce disease-resistant coffee was in line with the plan of
the corporation to replace gradually old coffee trees with new disease~
resistant varieties in Wiew of the high cost incurred for the purchase of
drugs to control coffee diseases. The Corporation planted a total of 176
hectares with disease resistant éoffee seedlings in 1972 and 1973 according
to the Deputy Head of the Corporation. [text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN
HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 6]

cso: 4700/1229

25



TRADE FAIR ATTENDANCE~-Bulawayo--A total of 107 630 people visited this
year's Trade Fair--about 30 000 down on the 1981 event, Mr Graham Rowe,
general manager of the fair, said yesterday that Saturday's attendance had
been affected by the rain. A really good crowd had been expected as it
was a public holiday. In the end, 19 000 people came compared with the
record 24 000 on the public holiday during last year's fair, Considering
that the fair ended a day early on Saturday night and that two extra days
were assigned for traders only, the overall figures were not bad at all,
Mr Rowe said. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 3 May 82 p 1]

PILOT TRAINING IN GREECE=-Six black Air Zimbabwe pilots last night left
Harare for Greece and another six will follow them next week, The Minister
of Transport, Mr Farai Masango, and the Greek Charge d'Affaires, Mr Yannis
Azarias, were at Harare airport to see them off, A spokesman for Air
Zimbabwe said the pilots would be engaged to Olympic Airways, the Greek
hational airline, to increase their flying hours to 1 000, which is the
minimum requirement for a pilot to fly an Air Zimbabwe Viscount. He said
the pilots were trained in Ethiopia, Pakistan and Romania and had graduated
with about 230 to 250 flying hours, Speaking at a farewell party for the
pilots, Mr Azarias said the training programme would cost about $1 million
and the Greek government would be responsible for all their expenses, Mr
Masange said he hoped the offer by the Greek government was the beginning
of increased cooperation between Zimbabwe and Greece, "This development
will hopefully facilitate our future understanding of each other in the
various fieldd of social, economic and political co-operation, "The
Government of Zimbabwe is grateful for the assistance the Greek government
has extended to our country in accepting and offering to provide further
flying experience to our black Zimbabwean pilots." frexel (Harare THE
HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 3]

town's name change, the Mayor, Councillor Thomas Zawaira, said yesterday.
He could not say when the council would meet to discuss the name change

or whether it would appeal to the Cabinet committee to have the name changed
from Nyanda to Masvingo. "I think it would be premature for me to preempt
the decision of the council," The Nyanda council has passed a resolution
enabling the Mucheke Hawkers Co-operative to establish five “corner shops"
as a move towards realising socialist objectives, achieving growth with
equity and eradicating individual hawking in the tow. Opposing an 11-point
protest letter written by the Nyanda branch of the Zimbabwe Chambers of
Commerce slamming the concept of "neighbourhood shops" as "retrogressive,"
Councillor Munyaradzi Vudzijena said setting up corner shops was a step
towards labour collectivisation and "a socialisation of produce arising
therefrom,"=-Ziana [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 3]

SAUDI CATTLE PLAN--Prospects of turning the drought-affected livestock into
foreign currency firmed yesterday when an application for a cattle-export
permit lodged by a visiting Saudi Arabian tycoon was received by Government.
A Ministry of Agriculture source said: "We have just received a letter from
him on the subject, You will have to give us time to see what transpires,"

94

NAME CHANGE--Nyanda Town Council has not formally approved or rejected the



iretafl are now 80 (30)
percent and 650 percent
respectively. .

Feeding bottles and
‘teats, now have a maxi-
mum wholesale mark-up
of 30 percent and a maxi-
mum retail mark-up of
40 percent.“The minimum
wholesale mark-up for
yarns is set at 25 percent,
while the maximum retail
mark-up is 40 percent.

Blankets, canvas foot-
wear, light bulbs, torches,
batteries and holloware
have a. maximum whole-
sale mark-up and a maxi-
mum retail mark-up of
25 percent and 40 percent
respectively,

‘The maximum whole-
sale mark-ups and maxi-
mum retail mark-ups for
stoves, refrigerators, sew-
ing machines, knitting
machines, heaters, radios,
televisions, stationery and
bicycles are 20 percent
and 35 percent respec-
tively.

‘Tea, poultry, salt, ia-
fant foods, rice, milk
powder, flour, soap and
soap powders, candles,
petroleum and toilet paper
have a 10 percent maxi-
mum wholesale mark-up
and a 15 percent maxi-
-mum retail mark-up. The
maximum wholesale
mark-up for wrist-wat-
ches is mow 50 percent,’
while their maximum re-
tail mark-up is 65 per-
cent, '

CONCERN

Goods for export, sold
by public auction, second-
hand’ goods, eggs in the
shell, fresh flowers, fruits,
vegetables, food and drink,

other than traditional beer
| sold for consumption on
| the premises, would not
; be «subject tothe price
control order, the minister
said. .

“The rise in the cost of
living has been a matter
;of great concern to the
Government because be-

CZI and ACCOZ Welcome New Move

cso:

THE CZI and ACGOZ wel-

tween June 1980 and Dec-
ember 1981 the consumer
index for lower, income
families increased by 17,6
"percent, while for higher
;dncome , families the in-
crease Was 23,3 percent.”
He said more officials
had been appointed in the
| ministry to monitor prices.
+> They had the power to
Umpose on-the-spot deposit
“fies on traders found
feontravening the new price
;eontrol. order. And if the
¥Geposit fines were not paid
‘in time the defaulting
‘traders would be brought

“before a court.
'@ The cost of living for
| higher income families

lia" urban areas rose by
(1,6 percent in February,
largely because of ¢ 23.6
‘percent risé in domestic
| workers’ wages. .

| Figures released by the
| Central Statistical Office
this week show small
j-rises in the cost of food,
} clothing, household stores
| and vehicle expenses,

i. “Tam encouraged by the

‘comed the new regulation jminister’s statement that
last night saying that the reviews will be undertaken
Prices Board would intro- through the Prices Board,
duce a pricing system con- on which the private sec-
sistent with the new order. jtor 1s represented,” t
‘The president of ACCOZ, A statement from the
Mr Abner Botsh, said the Lozi said the new pri
regulation appeared to system would assist ind
provide “a fairly reason- try. in achieving the Gov-

‘able © framework within
‘which the commercial sec-
tor can operate”.

But he expected that
problems would arise over
the restricted mark-ups of
‘gome of the

fied.

goods speci-

‘ernment’s goal and pro-
jvide the framework for

It found the newly estab-
‘ished Prices Board an im-
jportant innovation, and
chad been able to’ work
‘harmoniously with it in

: ESSENTIAL

“It is essential now to
smaintain a close degree of
Haison .with Government
‘so that, where problems do
arise, they can be dealt
with as expeditiously as

spossible,

4700/1226

87

zattempting to evolve a
‘pricing system consistent
| with the new order.

| During the price freeze
| there had been notable in-
creases in a number of
production costs and manu-
facturers had increasingly
seen a serious erosion of
\-funds for reinvestment,



In Gaborone, this was said in the

presence of some Information officers
who were covering the meeting but
who chose to ignore this rather serious

Statement.

_ Mr Kwelagobe also outlined
measures the Government was taxing
inview of both our economic problems
and the drought. He said the
Government had put aside P5 million
Pula which Batswana could be offered
to encourage development of local
industries to save the country’s foreign
exchange earnings. Importation of
goods, he added, reduced our foreign
exchange earning and it was high
time local industries were developed.

‘Any Motswana who embarks on a
‘manufacturing industry, could be
given up to ten thousand Pula freely,
but strongly warned against fronting,

‘Anything that would save Botswana
foreign exchange earnings and create
job opportunities was welcome and
‘encouraged in the country.

Mr Kwelagobe who once again
denied the existence of a Labour
Party told the gathering that there
was no split in the BDP.

On the other hand, the Minister of
Home Affairs, Mrs Kebatshabile

Disele, who was answering a question,
explained that the Socio-Democratic |
Party was not lawfully in existence. |
But rather the founders have had |
probation period, applicable to new
workers, Mrs Disele said that the
new entrants were being observed
and studied by the employer before
their confirmation on permanent basis
or rejection. But she warned that the
period should not be continued
indefinately.

To qualify for gratuity, Mrs Disele
said the employee should have
remained under one employment for
at least five years but also warned
that premature departure from that
employment would render the
employee in forfeiture of his gratuity.

The Minister warned against
“rolling stones” saying such people
would never enjoy their benefits as
expected.

‘Mrs Disele disclosed that any
employee working more than 48 hours

(a week should bé paid” over-time
accordingly. She also explained about
women going on maternity leave and
said they were being paid 25% of
their wages during the period of

| maternity leave.

Turning to contractors operation
far away from home, the Minister
said they should be paid their monthly
wages without false excuses and
employers should ensure that
‘accommodation, food and medical
facilities were provided in such places.
If there was an out-break of disease,
\itwas the employers’s duty she added,
to ensure that the victim receive
medical treatment and the employees
should be transported back home
after they end their contract. Property
belonging to any contractor could be
sold to defray arrears accrued in
salary, she added.

‘Mrs Disele who also spoke of the
Workman's Compensation Act,
warned against workers who did not
use their protective materials because
they would lose their benefits if they
were incapacitated’ during the
discharge of their duties. She urged
members of the Trade Union to
educate newly-employed people about
labour laws.

The Acting Minister of Local
Government and Lands, Mr Lesedi

| Mothibamele, who spoke on
| Botswana's economic position, said
Botswana had in the past depended
on cattle farming only and called
upon people to make ventures in
other economic avenues.

He pointed out that the budget
speech delivered in February reflected
the world financial position and

| Botswana was no exception in
\ following suit.
| On diamonds which he said were

sold by the Central Selling
Organisation, Mr Mothibamele said
the buyers wanted to purchase them
at take-away prices and it, was
preferred to stock-pile them rather
than sell them cheaply.

He said BNF allegations that
Government members stole money
were unfounded. Government was
doing everything to explore for more
mineral wealth. he added. BOPA



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CWERU WHITES RAPPED=-White people should not ‘segregate themselves and Gweru
City Council's white councillors should encourage other whites to mix freely
with blacks, Councillor S, Munamba told the establishments and health
committee recently, Councillor Munamba said it was the wish of the council
to promote racial harmony and that white councillors were expected to play
their part.--Midlands Representative [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English
1 May 82 p 4]

NEW COMPANY B-=The State House and the Prime Minister's residence are
“attractive targets for the enemy," President Banana said yesterday,
Addressing members of the new B Company of the Presidential Guard in

Harare yesterday he said: "The enemy will not rest until it has destabilised
this country. It is therefore important that adequate security be provided
for the Prime Minister and the President." Although some of the troops had
they should not regret the

mpany=-Ffive officers and 123
soldiers of other ranks--at their passing out parade at Cranborne Barracks,
that he had been delighted with the performance of A Company and hoped
members of B Company would do the same, The men, a11 volunteers, completed
an intensive six-week training course under British military instructors,
Dr Sidney Sekeramayi, Minister of State for Defence in the Prime Minister's
Office, Major-General Josiah Tungamirayi, the Acting Army Commander, and
Major-General Shortis, head of the British military advisory team, were
among the dignitaries at the parade, Private G, Meda received an award for
the best record on the course. [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English

1 May 82 p 1]

RF TOLD TO MOVE--The Republican Front has been given three months’ notice to
vacate their offices in the Fourth Street car park in Harare as the city
council wants the site for a bus terminus, The director of works, Mr Les
Mitchell, said yesterday that the council had given the statutory period of
notice, The chairman of the RF, Mr Geoff Kluckow, said the party had found
alternative offices in a Harare suburg, but declined to give any further
information as the estate agents had not finalised the deal. [Text]

[Harare THE HERALD in English 1 May 82 p 1]

93



ZAMBIA, ROMANIA RENEW THEIR BARTER AGREEMENT

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 5 May 82 p 7

[Excerpt]

cso: 4700/1220

ZAMBIA and Romania have renewed their bar-

‘ter agreement for the export and import of goods
"between them amounting to K9 million.

{ Minister of National
Commission for Develo-
‘pment Planning, Dr He-
nry Meebelo said. in
‘Lusaka yesterday that
this follows the signing
of the agreement’ in
‘Romania recently. Under
‘the agreement various
fitems and goods will be
‘imported from there
‘while Romania will also
buy from Zambia.
, The agreement was signed
by Minister of State for Com-
merce and Industry, Mr
‘Leonard Subulwa during the
Zambian delegation’s ‘visit to
‘Romania led by Br Meébelo.
Dr Meebelo éxplained how-
jever that the goods ‘will
start ‘arriving in the ‘country

61

after the current agreement
signed last year expires.

He could not say what
these items are but said that
they consisted of a variety of
goods. Dr Meebelo also signed
a general agreement while in
Romania which embraced
technical, economic and cultu-
ral co-operation between the
two countries.

Dr Meebelo was speaking
on’ arrival. at the Lusaka
International Airport after a
three-week official trip to
Romania, Yugoslavia and
Libya.

He led a 20-man delegation
which ,included Mr Subulwa,
who was also deputy delega-
tion leader and was joined by
Minister of Power, Transport
and ~ Communications, Mr
Rajah Kunda in __ Tripoli,
Libya, later,



ZAMBIA.

SUGAR COMPANY'S MANAGER SAYS SUGAR SHORTAGE TO END SOON
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 5 May 82 p 7

[Excerpt] The current sugar shortage in the country will soon come to an
end and the Nakambala Sugar Estate Company has increased its production,
the company's managing director, Mr David Walder said in Mazabuka yesterday,

Mr Walder, who was briefing Prime Minister Nalumino Mundia on the operations
of the company said the current shortage was as a result of the shortfall
in production last year which has since been increased and rationing will be
a thing of the past.

The managing director said, "I am certain the current shortage will soon
disappear and there will be plenty of sugar in the shops again."

Mr Walder told the Prime Minister that the company will speed up its produc-
tion so that sugar can be available throughout the country.

He appealed to the Party and its Government to help his company in the supply
of fertilizer for their sugar cane, He said the current supply of fertilizer
was not enough.

CSO: 4700/1220

67



RISING YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT POSES EXPLOSIVE PROBLEM

Frightening Rate

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 21 Apr 82 p 2

[Article by Larona Sedimo]

[text]

THE PROBLEM of youth
unemployment is a world-wide
phenomena and in Botswana
jobless youth are increasing at
an explosive rate, said the
Permanent Secretary in the
Ministry of Local Government
and Lands Mr Peter Molosi. He
was speaking at the General
Meeting of the Botswana Youth
Council at Tshiamo Primary
School in Gaborone.

Mr Molosi said the reason
behind this was basically because
of the system of education whi¢h
does not prepare pupils for self-
employment; lack of enough
secondary schools to absorb the
primary school leavers; lack of
job opportunities in Government
and the private sector, and so

on.

He said however, that Govern-
ment was aware and did not
ignore the plight of the youth
generation, hence the setting of
the Youth Council. He added
that the economy did not allow
our government to provide all
what it desires for helping the
youth, it gives out the little that it
can. It should not be looked
down upon but should instead
be utilised to the best advantage
of the youth, he advised.

Earlier, the Permanent
Secretary had reminded the
youth about the formation of the
their Council, saying that it was

.Jaunched by the late President_

“Sir Seretse Khama in 1971 during
the first National rally. ~

12

‘The Permanent Secretary was
head of the Council constitu-
tionally to advice government
on all matters concerning youth.

Healso reminded the audience
that the country’s economy was
based on four National
Principles: Democracy, Unity,
Development and Self-reliance.
He pointed out that it was on the
Tater principle that the parti-
cipants had been called upon to
examine conditions affecting
youth in their respective areas,
80 that they could come up with
suggestions to solve such
problems.

He noted that the world was
manifested with chaos and unrest
caused by discontented youth
and that Botswana was not an
exception if hard work was not
entered into to contain the trend

" before it became explosive.

Mr Molosi added that the
concern for youth unemployment
problems was based on the reali-
sation on the fact that economic
growth and welfare were
positively-related. He however,
added that if the welfare was
measured in terms of increased

income, increased levels of:
livings, amenities for all, then it

was not being achieved in so far
‘as the majority of the youth was
concerned, due to the decreased
access to economic opportu-
nities.

BOTSWANA



Efforts ‘to contact the businessmen for comment failed, but on Friday he
assured our correspondent at the International Trade Fair in Bulawayo that
he could airlift 100 cattle at a time, twice a week, The entrepreneur, who
is interested in young slaughter=stock, was quoted as having said: "You
have cattle dying on the hoof, so what better way is there of easing the
situation than selling them for hard foreign currency?" The Government
spokesman would not say how long it could take to process the application
until he had seen the businessman and had had a word with the Cold Storage
Commission, [Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 4 May 82 p 1]

FOOD COST ‘SUBSIDIES*#Food sibsidies will cost the Government more than $120
million in the 1981/82 financial year, This figure includes both the
Ministry of Trade and Commerce and Ministry of Agriculture subsidy votes.
Food subsidies have two elements, the "consumer" subsidy and "producer"
subsidy, The Ministry of Trade and Commerce picks up the tab for consumer
subsidies, the heaviest of which is on maize meal, a massive $64,8 million.
The consumer maize price is subsidised to the tune of nearly $40 per tonne;
the producer price for maize is currently $120 per tonne while the price to
the consumer is only $89 per tonne. The consumer subsidy on flour is $8,5
million, and the total bill is just short of $80 million. The "producer"
subsidies, financed by the Ministry of Agriculture, are losses incurred by
the various parastatal bodies concerned with the marketing of agricultural
produce, the DMB, Grain Marketing Board and Cold Storage Commission. These
subsidies are estimated at $49,7 million for the current year, an increase
of 64,5 percent over last year's figures, The subsidy on beef alone is
estimated at $25,7 million, a 164 percent rise over the figure for the
1980/81 financial year, The estimated milk subsidy, too, has soared to
$10,4 million, a 153 percent rise on last year, Informed sources in the
city report that the Government may soon announce a phased removal of some
of the food subsidies, The subsidy on opaque beer has already been removed,
[Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 30 Apr 82 p 1]

PAYMENTS DEFICIT--Harare-Zimbabwe's balance of payments slid into_a ZD139,6-
million deficit in 1981,-the first loss recorded: in‘13 years, according to
the latest monthly Digest of Statistics, Exports accounted for ZD888-million
of foreign earnings, while imports cost the country ZD1,03-billion.--Sapa
[text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 82 p 23]

WARNING SHOTS--Harare--Political disturbances in the eastern Zimbabwean town
of Rusape on Wednesday ended with police firing warning shots to disperse
hundreds of demonstrators demanding the release of a number of people in
custody. Earlier some 1 000 demonstrators invaded the town's police station
and forced the release of a political commissar of the ruling Zanu (PF)
party. The unrest followed weekend criticism by a Government Minister of an
Opposition party, former Prime Minister Bishop Abel Muzorewa's United African
National Council (UANC), On Tuesday UANC supporters were beaten and the
possessions of four families were set alight, Disturbances continued and
after an altercation with police, Mr Joseph Matoro, the district commissar
was arrested among other Zanu (PF) demonstrators, Police reported that
after Mr Matoro's release the situation calmed, There is hostility towards
the UANC within Zanu (PF) due to claims by Mr Robert Mugabe that 5 000
Muzorewa supporters are being trained in South Africa to destabilise Zimbabwe,
Sapa-Reuter [Text]. [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 14 May 82 p 92

CSO: 4700/1225 END
95



CAMEROON

BRIEFS

VIOLENCE IN NORTHWEST--The Government has ordered an inquiry into the recent
violent incident in Chouam from a land dispute between the Bui and Menchem
divisions in Northwest Province. Violent clashes between villagers of Itchim
in Ukou, Bui division, and Betmaku in Mfundon sub-division last month led to
the death of two persons, 16 persons severely injured and several fire
disasters. [rexel [London WEST AFRICA in English No 3375, 12 Apr 82 p 1029]

csO: 4700/1210

17



FRESH-WATER PRAWNS RAISED IN LOWVELD

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 May 82 p 7

[Article by Chris Steyn]

[text]

THE first—harvest—of
freshwater prawns in
| the heart of the Low-
veld marks a major
breakthrough in South
African fish produc-
tion.

The project was
launched in September
last year on an Eastern
Transvaal. farm, Lis-
bon, which is being held
in trust for the national

c to the
senior agricultural de-
velopment officer for
the Corporation of
Eéonomic . Develop-
ment, Mr Jan Snyman,
thécitrus farm was cho-
sen because of its infra-*
structure.
In future Black agri-
cultural staff will be
trained at Lisbon and
seconded to other units
of fish production in
Gazankulu to establish
export operations. to
earn foreign currency
for the national state.
fcThere. are — eight
prawn ponds on the
farm and one storage
pond, each containing
200 000. prawns. The
pond which was: har-
vested this week, con-
tained 40 000 prawns.

cso: 4700/1224

“Mr. Snyman said that
fresh : water prawn
breeding was much
more. . difficult. than
ther fish species.
It is hoped that fresh
ywater prawn, breeding
in South Africa will
_soon be self-sufficient.
One thousand eight
‘hundred tons of marine
prawns were initially
imported for this pro-
ject. A production of at
least two tons per hec-
“tare is expected, which
would mean a self-suffi-
cient system could be
achieved in the near fu-
ture.

Prawn lavae have an
average weight of 6,01
and are about one cm
‘long. When the prawns
.are. refrigerated . they
iweigh about 20g — but
potential weight of

bog can be reached.

i. The corporation
came'close to 45 g this
:season, which lasted se-
‘ven months. It was in-
ltended to push the
iweight of South Afri-
{can bred prawns up to
°35 or 40 g, as it would
put the prawns in a
more lucrative sale cat-

egory.
*. Although Mr Snyman

46

SOUTH AFRICA

didn’t want to reveal
the total costs involved”
“in the project, he said
| the construction of the
‘dams cost R2,80 “per
square metre. At this
{stage only 1,8 hectare
‘has been developed.

‘And how do they
‘taste? Not different
from restaurant
prawns — but better
and younger. The tails
are more sturdy, and al-~
_though they are. smaller
than . -Testaurant
‘prawns, ‘the flesh ex-
tends right through the
body . into the head,
where the female stores
her eggs. (The eggs are
edible).

Another advantage
‘ef fresh water prawns
tis that they don’t have

reparation. The water
in which they are bred
is not contaminated
i with sewerage as is sea
) water.

Mr Snyman said the
price of these prawns,
‘which wilt-ini
marketed at the Kruger
{National Park and of
‘the Reef, will fluctuate
{with ‘market ‘demand,
and will not necessarily
‘be more expensive.



GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES LOANS TO KEEP MANGULA OPEN

Haxare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 30 Apr 82 p 1

[text]

INTENSE’ pressure for an
immediate 20% devaluation of the
Zimbabwe dollar has come from
ailing MTD (Mangula) Ltd, which’
has hit a critical all time low.
Without devaluation. or an
unlikely increase in copper prices,
the mine which supports much of
Mhangura town, north’ of
Chinhoyi, faces complete collapse
at the end of this year. i
Already the copper mining!
company has been hit by massive
losses of over $1 million in just six
months and the firm borrowed up
to its limits in March. 1
Now, in a last ditch bid to keep |
the company afloat during 1982 |
storms, they have borrowed $6 |
million, backed by an agreement in |
principle that the Government will
guarantee the loans. These loans |
are repayable by December 31 |
1983... \

DEVALUATION

Company secretary Mr Stuart
Mitchell blamed the worst copper
prices in 30 years, recnlating casts
from interest rates and inflation,
plus a drastic. loss of skilled
workers.

He told The Gazette: “We are
hoping for a devaluation and if we
got 20% we can break even this
year.” Only a few weeks ago the
Bindura Nickel Corporation Ltd
called for a 25% devaluation after
predicting losses of between $7
million and $9 million this year.

Mr Mitchell added: “‘We have a
very close relationship with the
Ministry of Mines, and we always
have had. They have supported us
as much as possible in this".

91

“The MTD copper costs $1 600
per tonne to produce but sells at
only $1 000. With the additional
gold and silver deposits from that
ore the eventual loss is about $280
per tonne.

“at this stage,” said Mr
Mitchell: ‘‘we do not see any
prospect. of a return to profits
‘without devaluation or improved
copper prices. But we are not a
major producer, so we’ cannot
affect the market by- stockpiling,
for example.”” .

MTD's sales of gold and silver
have also been adversely. affected

‘by very depressed prices world-\

wide.

A large part of the $6 million
loans is expected to be allocated
very soon and the total amount
will keep the company alive ‘this
year, even if there are no improve-
ments.

Said a concerned Mr Mitchell:
“qt is very difficult to forecast
what will happen to prices but I
cannot forsee any improvement
over the financial year. The world
is going through a. recession that
some people predict will last until
1986.
~ “A couple of years ago prices
were high and wages and costs kept
down: , Sanctions —_ protected
industry in this country to @ certain
extent.

“Now that we are on the open
market we are being influenced by
all..these external factors. It’s
worrying for the entire industry
but it’s all.up to tenacity at the
moment. The world just cannot
going on paying so little for its
coppet eventually something will
have to break.”

ZIMBABWE



NIGERIA

RENEWAL OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL VIEWED

Papers Call for Normalization
AB201140 Lagos International Service in English 0930 GMT 20 Apr 82
[Press review]

[Excerpt] Two papers--the SATELLITE and ‘the NIGERIAN TRIBUNE--comment on the
need for Nigeria to normalize relations with Israel. The papers observe that
the issue that led to severing relations by Nigeria and other OAU members
with Israel had been amicably resolved.

In its own view, the SATELLITE believes that Nigeria and other African coun-
tries will be doing themselves a world of good by accepting the suggestion
of the Israeli representative at the just concluded interparliamentary union
meeting in Lagos by reopening diplomatic ties with Israel without further
delay. The paper feels that opposing the normalization of relations with
that country on grounds of her relationship with racist South Africa are only
pretenders. After all, contends the apper, some countries like the United
States, France and Britain, to mention a few, have links with the Pretoria
regime and Nigeria still regards them as her best friends.

The TRIBUNE, on its part, opines that Nigeria will gain a lot from Israel in
the field of agriculture and make her boost the green revolution program. The
SATELLITE and TRIBUNE call on Nigeria, therefore, not to wait for the OAU
before rescinding its decision to establish relations with Israel.

Nigerians at IPU Meeting Divided
AB181815 Lagos NAN in English 1430 GMT 18 Apr 82
[Text] Lagos, 18 Apr (NAN)--The Nigerian delegates at the inter-parliamentary
council meeting were divided yesterday during voting on a resolution against
Israel presented by a group of Arab states.
The Arab states had in a resolution urged other members of the council to put
pressure on their respective governments to suspend military, economic and

technological assistance to Israel, refrain from acquiring military equipment
from it and to sever diplomatic links with the Israeli Government.

29



He went on to say that youth |
unémployment and lack of
production skills was critical
‘owing to the fact that the youth
in economic terms, constitute a
greater portion of the potential
labour force, and that it was that
Portion of the nation which the
youth had voluntarily set toserve
themselves.

“While the four development
planning objectives are rapid
economic growth, social justice,
substantial and economic
independence, Government has
adopted two themes of employ-
ment to give the sharper
defination to our development
effort,” he pointed out. He
reminded the participants that it
was upon their shoulders to assist
the initiating and establishing
projects which would benefit “our
young ones.”

He disclosed that the Ministry
of Local Government was trying
hard with its meager resources
to do something for the youth.
“For sometime funds had been

; Provided to cater for the youths
organisations, recreation and out
of the school youths,” he
explained.

Mr Molosi however said that
the funds could be fruitfully used

_ if the youth could decide efforts

jas people at local level.

He urged the youth, especially

H those who fail to get training for!
employment, to be engaged iri

‘projects which would in turn
generate income to enable them
to fend themselves. f

Mr Molosi also told’ his
audience that Botswanr’ as a
member of the Commosiwealth
Youth Programme, was eligible

for aid through the Gommon-
wealth Youth Project Fund.

Stability Endangered

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 30 Apr 82 p 2

[Editorial]

[text]

cso:

ACCORDING TO Mr Peter
Molosi, Permanent Secretary
in the Ministry of Local
Government and Lands, the
‘number of young people
looking for jobs Is increasing
a rate which he called

xplosive.” 7

; The word Is apt. The
situation is explosive not only |
In terms of sheer numbers |
_ but also In relation to Its
danger to the stability of this:
country.

According to a report
written for the Institute of
Development Management, |
“.,.reportedly half of the 1978 '
lor certificate graduate:
‘failed to find Jobs within
year of leaving school... this
problem will snowball in the |
1980s.” y

While the number of jobs
avall to Batswana Is
increasing, the work force Is
Increasing much more
rapidly. Not only that, but |
expectations are also!

4700/1218

Increasing - and this Is
specially true among youth,
who tend to be impatient,
idealistic, and who have
struggled to get educational
qualifications because they
have been told that these will
enable them to get Jobs.

Mr Molosi, in his speech
given at the General Meeting
of the Botswana Youth
Council at Tshiamo Primary
School in Gaborone, wenton
to remind his fisteners that
Botswana's economy was
based on the-four principles
of democracy, unity,
development and self-

rellance.

Itappears that the problem
of unemployment youth
needs drastic action to control
the explosion. The youth and
,the government must work

‘together, despite the
* differences of viewpoint
which often arise between

young people and mature
ones.

‘The youth must concentrate
on the last-mentioned of the

13

“four principles: Self-reliance.
No government can provide
everything for everybody
without some effort on the |
part of the recipients. The
young people, the jobless,
must exercise imagination
and initiative, they must create
it.

While the youth must make
an effort, the government
‘must help by providing the
right environment for such
initiative. Surely itis better to
allow backyard tallors, shoe
repairers, car washers etc.

- than to have these people

resort to theft. Licenses and
permits should be easy and
quick to obtain, and controls
should not be so rigid as to
suppress self-rellance.

Only this combined
approach - self-reliance plus
government support - can
stop the explosion before It
does too much damange.
| Only if we stop the explosion
:ean we enjoy the other three
iprinciples, democrary, unity
land development.



ZAMBIA

SHAPI CALLS FOR INCREASED ZAMBIA-ZAIRE TRADE TO EASE BORDER TENSION

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 5 May 82 p 7

[text]

JA MEMBER of the Central Co ee has said inten-
fied trade between Zambia and Zaire would be the

ailtimate solution to the easing of border tension

bbetween the two neighbours.

: Speaking in an interview in

wt yesterday, Copperbelt

Member of the Central Com- _. .

jmittee Mr Alex Shapi said ~The “recent “Zambia-Zaire

jefforts should not be spared by { regional joint permanent com-

‘all parties in working towards _mission meeting in Lubum-

ja permanent solution. ‘pashi_ recommended _ various

|. He said the recently ended fways towards stabilising and

Zambia-Zaire trade fair in ‘strengthening . good neigh

Lubumbashi was a step in the {bourliness.

aright direction’ which should. ‘Mr Shapi said the commis-

Bact asa precedent to all trade vsion urged that the two

por acts. ¥governments «should ende-
Legalised trade between favour’ to achieve mutual

yZambia and Zaire, was the ‘cooperation through increased

[only best prescription to eradi- “trade links.

eating the’ problem of smug- © More trade contacts _be-
ing and related vices. {tween businessmen should be
He said that once this goal Fencouraged and all agree-

thad been achieved, border Ements, some of them dating as

{tensions would be eliminated. Mar back as 1965 should be

}followed up in earnest. '
cso: 4700/1220

57



Workers Unity Is Vital, Says Msipa
(THE HERALD, 3 May 82)....-eeeeeeeeeeee ence eee eee sean eee

UK Help for New Students' Grouping Reported
(THE HERALD, 3 May 82)....cseceecesceccecceecees eesecevess

Announcement of New Price Controls Welcomed
(THE HERALD, 1 May 82)......ceeeees eee eee eee nee ceeneene

Meaning of New Place-Names Explained
(THE HERALD, 3 May 82)....ceccccsceccscsccceceetercenes eee

Hard Currency Export Plans Rely on Surplus
(FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 30 Apr 82).......2eeeeeee rere rere

Government Guarantees Loans To Keep Mangula Open
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 30 Apr 82)....... eee e ence neces o.

Briefs
Gweru Whites Rapped ©
New Company B
RF Told To Move
Trade Fair Attendance
Pilot Training in Greece
Name Change
Saudi Cattle Plan
Food Cost Subsidies
Payments Deficit
Warming Shots

85

88

90



get its name. They would
rather it was led
Umaingwane after the
river by whose name the
district was once called.

Gwai comes from a
Kalanga-N’ambya word
which means sheep, It is
believed that the Ndebeles
changed it to Gwayi which
means tobacco. Colonial-
ists spelt it without a ‘Y’.

Gwanda is said to be
the name of a type of
stubborn and dangerous
weed found around the
town. But there 4s mo
certainty as ‘to whether
it gave its name to the
town or vice versa. Ven-
das call the weed “Kwa-
ada”.

Another theory has it
that Gwanda was the way
8 certain white prospec-
tor, Mr Andy Nicholson,
pronounced Jawunda, . the
name of a ill near the
town. N

It is now obscure what’
Mberengwa (formerly Be-
lingwe) stands for, But a
theory has been thrown

about that the word is a!
Lamba (a tribe that has
‘been living in the region
for centuries) word, Some
focal historians, speculate
that dt probably means
“emerald” or ig a name of
one of the precious stones
abundant in the area.

Filabusi is a corruption
‘of Mfilabuso, the Kalanga
word meaning “one who

the ori of the mame,
iput tt hag ‘been distorted
and aieted ‘through the
passage ‘time.

about aman who was idill-
ed for a piece of art he
had made. .

, Mbalabala is the new
name fer Balla Balla, ‘The
name did not originate
from “Bhalabhala” which
is the Ndebele word for
‘kudu. It ig the name of #!
massive granite rock -not!
tar away from the little’
parracks Village. ‘The
meaning {# obscure, ‘but
some lovals speculate that
4t probably means -that
avhich shines or glitters or
"Sangam came from |

a1 came

“Shangana”, a Kalanga
word for small reeds.
Some people have given
the meaning as “meeting

cso: 4700/1226

place”, referring to the
confluence of the Shangani
River and the Hwayl
(Gwat) River,

A river confluence is
“Shangano” and not
“Shani "4p Lilima.

Shabani, now’ Zvishava-
ne, is believed to have
been named after a local
‘chief called Shabhoni who
defied the colonial ad-
ministration in the early
18908, and wag arrested,
tried and summarily shot
in 1894,

Plumtree got its name
from a tree under which
early white settlers used
to outspan thelr wagon
spans. When the centre
“was founded in 1897, locals
referred to it as “Tit}’
Tjakagetjenge” — station
of the village of Getjenge
— Getjenge was a promi-
nent man whose , village
was in the station's neigh-
bourhood.

‘The people of Bulalima-
Mangwe district (the area
in which Plumtree is
situated) refer to it
simply as “Titji”, which
means station.

Managwe, south of
‘Plumtree, is another place
whose name came from
that of a tree.

Syringa, Marula, Fig-
tree and Umganin!’ (lying
between Plumtree and
Bulawayo) are some of
our stations whose names
were got from those trees.
From Figtree, the early
white hunters and pros-
pectors used to send mes-
sages to Lobengula in Bu-
lawayo asking for permis-
sion to ply their trade in
jis area.

Bulawayo comes from
“Kobulawayo”, which
means the place of the
one who is being killed,
so-called because, before
‘Lobengula took over his
late father’s throne in
1870, there were battles
between his supporters
and those opposing him,

His warriors won at a
battle fought at a place
where he Jater built his
village which he called
“Kobulawayo”. It does not
mean. “the place
slaughter” as some histo-
rians have claimed.

Gweru is the name of
a river near the Midlands —

j

Kwekwe is a word meat- :
ing slides of rocks, the

89

type of which is said to
be found only at some
spots along the river. A
local historian, Mr Dima
Bhebe of Bulawayo's Pela-
ndaba suburb, says that

people used to travel from

far and near to collect the
stones from the river.

As in the case of
Gwanda, it is unclear
whether .he river got its
name from the rock or the
rock from the river:
Deeper etymological re-
search would be necessary
to answer that aspects
Suffice it to say that the
town'has the same name

‘as the river which bas the

same name as a type of

| yock found on its banks,

Makwiro is a corruption
of the Shona word “Ma~-
kwira”, meaning “you
have climbed”. Legend has
ft that when, centuries
ago, the predecessor of
the modern chief Zvimba
arrived in the area from
across the Zambezi River
he developed a sore foot.

‘The group had to climb
a hill to see the Ne of
the land, and it was very
difficult for Zvimba_be-
cause of his sore foot.
But after a hard strug-
le, the old man reached

hilltop where upon
some people asked in ex-
citement: ‘‘Makwira
here?” (Shona meaning:'
“Have you climbed or
ascended?”). The hill be-
came known thereafter as
“Makwira” but the ‘name
was corrupted to “Ma-
‘kwiro”.

Colleen Bawn was 50
called by an Aystralion
prospector, Mr 8. ly,
after an Irish song. Fort’
Rixon got {ts name from’
that of the farm’s former
owner, while Nuamnetst,
now Mwenezi, was a ¢ors
ruption of the name of a
river, Mwanezi, whose tri-
butary is Mwanezane
(little Mwamezi).

Matopos comes front
“Matombo”, a Kalanga
word meaning mountains.
Kariba came from “Ka-
jiva”, or “Kariva” (the
pronunciation depended
on whether the speaker
was Korekore-Gova or Sa-
ngwe-Tonga). It is not
clear what the word ac-
tually meant, but it ie
most ‘probable that i§
meant a dangerous 0¢
treacherous gorge into
which wild animals were
driven by hunters, hence
a trap.



BILL TO ABOLISH EMIRATE, TRADITIONAL COUNCILS BRINGS VIOLENCE
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 7 Apr 82 p 1
[Article by A.B. Tapidil]

[text]

FORTY persons have been arraigned by the police
jbefore a Yola magistrate’s court in Gongula State
following a violent demonstration in the state
‘House of Assembly last Wednesday. ©
{ Thousands of people from the Adamawa Emirate Council
jhad staged a demonstration against a bill tabled before the’

“Assembly which had sought to abolish the existing emirate
and traditional councils in the state.

All the arrested persons are to remain in prison custody until
‘April 14, this year when the case would be mentioned in court.

No plea has been entered into by the arrested persons.

‘The prosecution had earlier prayed the court not to order pleading in
the matter, to enable the police complete their investigation.

_. The arrested persons were suspected to have participated in the
* violent demonstration. |

The defence counsel, Alhaji Murtala Aminu, said yesterday that he
would appeal to the high court againt the ruling of the magistrate’s
court not to grant bail to the accused persons.

Meanwhile, a unit of the anti-riot policemen is now keeping vigil at
the premises of the state House of Assembly, the house of the speaker
and the deputy speaker as well as the legislators’ quarters at the
Bekaji Housing Estate.

When contacted, the state’s police commissiorier, Alhaji Adamu
Abubakar Gombe, indicated that more people might be arrested in

;connection with the case following some disclosure by the arrested
persons during police interrogation.

The police commissioner appealed to the people of the state to be
calm and ‘give peace a chance.’

cso: 4700/1209

34

NIGERIA



The return to civilian administration has prominently given an unprecedented
boost to newspaper industries, Almost each of the 19 States of the federa-
tion now has a government-owned newspaper which is established side by side
with privately owned papers. Governments use their papers for explaining
their programmes and successes to the electorate,

Therefore it is obvious that untold hardship will be brought upon newspaper
houses if a ban or even any type of restriction is imposed on the importa-
tion of newsprint into this country, There is no doubt that if a ban is
imposed on the item, many newspapers including some financed by the govern-
ment will unavoidably fold up. Furthermore, the few that could bear the _
hardship will be constrained to increase the price of a copy of newspaper
to meet up the concomittant increase in cost of production, The ultimate
consequence will be a reduction in newspaper readership which in turn means
circumscribed dissemination of information and news.

It is, however, in the light of the above analysis that the federal govern-
ment should drop the idéa of banning importation of newsprint if it had ever
conceived such idea, Such a ban should only be thought of when we are sure
that the newsprint industries in the country have gone into production enough
to meet our local demands, But as it stands now more than 90 percent of
Nigeria's newsprint used in our newspaper industries is imported so any ban
on newsprint would be disastrous for the industries.

The federal and state governments should also start thinking seriously of
establishing more newsprint industries in the country. World market survey
has already indicated a continual increase in the price of importation of a
tonne of newsprint. But meanwhile we join the media chief executives in
appealing to the federal government not to ban the importation of newsprint.

cso: 4700/1209

37