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JPRS-SSA-85- 1 19

5 December 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

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5 December 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Bilateral Cooperation With Portugal Discussed

(DIARIO DE LISBOA, 7 Aug 85)

ANGOP Commentary Hails Anniversary

(Luanda Domestic Service, 12 Nov 85) ....

Briefs

MPLA-PT Delegation Visits Portugal

DJIBOUTI

GHANA

Crucial Year for Economy Foreseen

(LA NATION, 17 Oct 85) 7

FAO Role in Nation Reported

(LA NATION, 17 Oct 85) 14

Food Production Exceeds Targets

(TALKING DRUMS, 21 Oct 85) 16

IVORY COAST

Gabon Analyzes Ivorian Election Results

(Libreville Africa No 1, 11 Nov 85) 17

Transmitter Received From Thomson TSF

(Abidjan Domestic Service, 5 Nov 85) 18

LESOTHO

Information Minister Comments on RSA Migrant Threat

(BBC World Service, 12 Nov 85) 19

LIBERIA

Briefs

LMA Executives Held 21

- a -
MOZAMBIQUE

Marcelino Dos Santos Speaks to Beira Citizens on FPLM Day

(Marcelino dos Santos; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 1 Oct 85) 22

Soviet Delegation Visits Matola Industrial School

(NOTICIAS, 8 Oct 85) 25

Chinese To Rehabilitate Shoe Factory

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 27Sep85) 27

Transport Cooperation With Zimbabwe Studied

(NOTICIAS, 5 Oct 85) 28

Alberto Chipande Speaks at Machel's Birthday

(NOTICIAS, 30 Sep 85) 30

General Chipande Addresses New Soldiers

(NOTICIAS, 30 Sep 85) 31

Efforts Under Way To Reorganize Maputo

(NOTICIAS, 20 Sep 85) 33

OTM Provincial Brigade To Start Work in Gorongosa

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 10 Oct 85) 36

Gorongosa Residents Plan for Next Year

(Jonas Cossa; DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 20 Sep 85) 37

Tools, Seed Distributed in Gorongosa Insufficient for Demand

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 Oct 85) 40

Citizens Decorated in Beira

(NOTICIAS, 8 Oct 85) 41

Inadequate Fish Yields in Zambezi River Near Chemba Area

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 10 Oct 85) 43

New Beira Bus Fleet Highly Satisfactory

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 19 Sep 85) 45

Beira-Machipanda Rail Link To Be Rehabilitated

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 9 Oct 85) 47

Mandruze Peasants Celebrate Rice Festival

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 17 Sep 85) 49

CETA To Rebuild Infrastructures

(DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE, 1 Oct 85) 51

Briefs

Cooperation Between Writers 52

Chinese Donation 52

- b -
Firewood, Charcoal for Maputo 53

Underground Electrical Cables Replaced 53

TTA-METAVIA Airline Agreement 53

Soviet Donation to Red Cross 54

NAMIBIA

Brazil To Train Troops for SWAPO

(NOTICIAS, 10 Sep 85) 55

NIGERIA

Lagos Comments on Tory, Thatcher Family Interests in RSA

(Collins Atoregbe; Lagos International Service, 4 Nov 85) 56

Cartographers Request Armed Forces Aid in Census

(THE TRIUMPH, 15 Oct 85) 58

Abacha Discusses Armed Forces' Maintenance Problems

(Umar Abdulkadir; DAILY TIMES, 17 Oct 85) 59

Army Recruitment Begins in November

(DAILY STAR, 11 Oct 85) 60

Air Defense Brigade for Akure

(DAILY TIMES, 12 Oct 85) 61

Briefs

Government Salary Cuts 62

SENEGAL

CNTS Members Oppose Affiliation With Socialist Party

(Daouda Boye; WAL FADJRI, 10-25 Oct 85) 63

Wade Denies Toure Has Quit Party

(WAL FADJRI, 10-25 Oct 85) 65

Banning of ADS Scored

(WAL FADJRI, 10-25 Oct 85) 66

SIERRA LEONE

Speculation on Stevens' Motives for Retiring

(Kofi Andoh; TALKING DRUMS, 21 Oct 85) 67

SOUTH AFRICA

Commentary Examines Reagan-Gorbachev Summit

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 14 Nov 85) 69

- c -
Commentary Stresses Role of Moderate Leadership

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 8 Nov 85) 71

Professor Schlemmer Discusses Idea of Negotiating Solution

(SOWETAN, 1 Nov 85) ..... 73

Political Death Rate Up Since Emergency

(Nkopane Makobane; SOWETAN, 4 Nov 85) 75

Baptists in Call To Dismantle Apartheid

(CAPE TIMES, 25 Oct 85) 76

PAC Defines Fascist Nature of Pretoria Regime

(Dar es Salaam Voice of PAC, 12 Nov 85) 77

NP Congress Recommends Lifting Restrictions for Indians

(DIE NASIONALIS, Sep 85) ... 79

Winnie Mandela Set To Defy Government Order

(Rich Mkhondo; THE STAR, 9 Nov 85) 81

»

Political Scientist Comments on 'Black Theology'

(CAPE TIMES, 30 Oct 85) 82

SABC Commentary Defends Expansion of Police

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 12 Nov 85) 83

Radio Freedom on RSA Defense Forces

(Dar es Salaam Radio Freedom, 8 Nov 85) 85

Commentary Urges Moderates To Negotiate

(Johannesburg International Service, 9 Nov 85) 88

Commentary Stresses Need for Deregulation

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 11 Nov 85) 89

Government To Repatriate Foreign Workers

(SAPA, 11 Nov 85) 91

Civil Rights Leader Missing

(CAPE TIMES, 31 Oct 85) 93

High Price of Nation's War Against SWAPO

(THE STAR, 2 Nov 85) 94

HRSC Survey Shows TV Has Small Effects on Beliefs

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 9 Nov 85) 95

Government Increases Aid to Jobless Whites

(Barry Streek; CAPE TIMES, 28 Oct 85) 96

- d -
Commentary Marks Angola's Anniversary

(Johannesburg International Service, 12 Nov 85) 97

NMC Statistics on Productivity Examined

(Editorial; THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER, Oct 85) 99

Profile of MC Kinnon Chain Published

(THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER, Oct 85) 100

Details on 'World's Biggest Ice Plant' Given

(Jim Middleton; THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER,

Oct 85) 102

Role of Energy Research Institute Described

(THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER, Oct 85) 107

Briefs

Boiler Feed Pump Seals 109

Longest Weighbridge 109

Heavy Fuel Oil Firing 110

Henred Fruehauf Delivery 110

Shipbuilding Boost 110

Minister on Urbanization 111

Journalists Released 111

Ciskei To Sue Israel 111

No Support for Muslim Cape Boycott 111

SWAZILAND

Briefs

Prince To Ascend Throne 112

Loan Agreement With EEC 112

- e -
ANGOLA

BILATERAL COOPERATION WITH PORTUGAL DISCUSSED

Lisbon DIARIO DE LISBOA in Portuguese 7 Aug 85 p 4

[Text] Yesterday, in conversation over brunch with Portuguese and Angolan

reporters at the Portuguese Embassy in Luanda, Jaime Gama said that he

thought the problem of UNITA activities in Portugal existed largely in the

minds of reporters rather than being a concern of Angolan authorities.

The Portuguese minister recounted the contacts he maintains in Luanda and

mentioned the importance of the fact that Portugal can turn its attention to

Angola now that it is about to enter the EEC and Luanda has signed the Lome

Convention.

Jaime Gama, who returns to Lisbon today, travelled to Angola as a guest at

the eighth conference of nonaligned ministers.

During his visit to Luanda, Gama was received by President Eduardo dos Santos

and held meetings with the Angolan ministers of foreign affairs, industry and

energy, as well as ANC (African National Congress) General Secretary Alfred

Nzo and SWAPO President Sam Nujoma.

The minister told Portuguese News (NP) that he is against involvement of

Portuguese Armed Forces in combat, but that he believes Portuguese officials

can cooperate in training personnel on Mozambique territory.

The NP correspondent said that sources close to Gama affirm that the

Portuguese minister would look favorably upon the establishment of a military

academy in Mozambique.

The Portuguese government would be willing to lend full support in terms of

providing the proposed academy with men and funds.

Yesterday, Lucio Lara, a member of the MPLA Politburo and party secretary for

the organization, told 0 DIARIO's special correspondent that "Mario Soares

never understood African reality in general and the Angolan situation in

particular."

Lara added that if relations between Portugal and Angola weren't any worse

than they were, "it was due to Angola's good sense." Giving an example of
unrealistic politics on the part of Mario Soares' government, Lara mentioned

his "insistence on a so-called trilateral cooperation in which Portugal would

serve as an intermediary between Angola and Western countries."

Lara stressed that "Angola does not need any intermediaries, but is

interested in bilateral cooperation with Portugal."

Meanwhile, Gama was being received by Angolan President Eduardo dos Santos at

the request of Prime Minister Mario Soares, according to a spokesman from the

president's office of the council.

Soares sent dos Santos a letter stating that it would be helpful to receive

Gama in order to restore the dialog between the two countries and clarify any

misunderstandings in the relations between the two countries, said the

spokesman.

8844/13046

CSO: 3442/13
ANGOLA

ANGOP COMMENTARY HAILS ANNIVERSARY

MB121803 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 12 Nov 85

[ANGOP Commentary: "A Decade of Independence and Liberty"]

[Text] From Cabinda to Cunene, the Angolan nation today, 11 November,

is celebrating with particular enthusiasm the 10th anniversary of the

proclamation of independence, an event that transcends our national borders

and is marked as a moment of victory by all progressive mankind. Ten

years have passed since the day when, to the roar of guns, the late Comrade

President Antonio Agostinho Neto, the immortal guide of our revolution,

proclaimed our national independence after a 14-year, difficult armed

struggle, thus firmly challenging the invasion which was then mounted by

the South African regular forces and mercenaries of various nationalities

with the aim of putting into power a group of ambitious men who would be

faithful servants of international imperialism. Determination, [words

indistinct], and the right to liberty were the factors that led the

Angolan people, under the leadership of the MPLA, to heroically defend the

realization of a dream which for centuries had been denied them by fascism

and colonialism.

The achievement of independence was the result of the people's resistance

during 500 years of exploitation, humiliation, and oppression, during which

the Angolan people were denied the right to determine their own destiny.

The names of people like Ngola Quiluanje, [name indistinct], Mandumba,

Hoje Ayeanda, Valodia, Jika, (Kwenya), Huila, and a number of other Angolan

heroes clearly demonstrate our people's devotion to the struggle for

total unity, no matter the sacrifice. These names will forever be engraved

in our history as symbols of liberty.

Ten years after the proclamation of independence, the young Angolan nation

has achieved indisputable successes despite the catastrophic heritage

left by the colonialists whose attentions were exclusively directed to

the uncurbed exploitation of our resources. This situation was worsened

further by the premeditated destruction of machinery and equipment and the

exodus of competent cadres. The nationalization of the important sectors

of the economy and of the banking system, the control over foreign trade,

the activities mounted in the field of education and medical assistance,

the successes achieved in literacy campaigns where about 1 million people
were freed from illiteracy, the establishment throughout the country of

peasant associations,the [word indistinct] of the People's Vigilance

Brigades, and the ever increasing close relationship between the army and

the masses reveal the existence in Angola of a government that identifies

itself with the most sacred desires of its people. Gigantic efforts were

made for industrial recovery to increase production and productivity to

improve the living conditions of all Angolan people. An assessment of all

the activities we have carried out leads us to the inevitable conclusion

that important steps have been taken [words indistinct] for the building

of a socialist fatherland, the strategic objective of the Angolan revolution.

On the political front, it is worth underlining the transformation of the

MPLA into a vanguard party of the working class for building a socialist

society. For the effective exercise of the power by the people, the

People's Assembly and the provincial people's assemblies, instruments

that enable everyone to participate in resolving the country's problems,

were created.

However, the process of national reconstruction, in which all the people

are engaged, has not progressed in accordance with the desires of the

whole nation. As a matter of fact, since independence, the People's

Republic of Angola has never had a minute of peace because of the undeclared

war planned by international imperialism and carried out by racist South

Africa and its servants, the puppet gangsters.

The installation of a progressive regime in this part of the African

Continent has frustrated completely the macabre plans of successive

American administrations, which encouraged the racist Pretoria regime to

wage a war of attrition against sovereign Angola. The damages caused by

the racist invasions are valued at more than $10 billion, and those

attacks are mainly against economic targets, specially bridges, roads,

railroads, and hydroelectric dams. These factors contribute in a

significant manner to draining from the state budget large sums which are

allocated to strengthening our defensive capabilities to defend our

territorial integrity, to the detriment of the people's living conditions.

Despite the international community's condemnations of the attacks carried

out by Pretoria's Army, the racist South African authorities persist in

carrying out hostile acts against Angola in perfect coordination with the

United States. The plan consists of trying to force the legitimate Angolan

Government to renounce its principles. In this decade of freedom, if some

outstanding successes were achieved in building the motherland, some errors

were also committed. The nonimplementation of the decisions, the

irresponsibility, the negligence, and the carelessness of the guidelines

from the party or from the government should be duly analysed. In Angola,

a revolutionary process is underway and the revolution has no pity for

elements who in one way or another are hindering this revolutionary process.

Effectively, the war that is imposed on us is preventing the harmonious

development of society. However this should not be used as an excuse for

not implementing the tasks that we all can accomplish.
Greater dynamism is needed because we cannot depend solely on oil revenues.

All economic sectors should work more effectively and more in line with

our human, material, and financial resources. The 2d party congress next

December will draw realistic and concrete guidelines to strengthen the

bases of the construction of the socialist motherland in such a way that

the people will feel the benefits of independence for the [words indistinct]

those who start the struggle for the achievement of national independence,

we will know how to honor with dignity the memory of the immortal guide

of our revolution, creator of the MPLA-Labor Party, and of the Angolan nation,

the late Comrade President Agostinho Neto. We know how to fight and win

today, like yesterday, and the Angolan people will always know how to hoist

very high the victorious banner of their resolution. We know how to unite

around Comrade President Jose Eduardo dos Santos so that the most legitimate

hopes of peace, freedom and social progress of our people are achieved. In

order to accomplish this the struggle continues! Victory is certain!

/12858

CSO: 3400/397
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

MPLA-PT DELEGATION VISITS PORTUGAL—An MPLA-Workers Party fact-finding

delegation, consisting of comrades Antonio Burity da Silva of the MPLAWorkers Party Personnel Department, Eurico Gomes of the Administrative and

Finance Department, Licinio Alves and Sebastiao Teta, visited Portugal on

21-23 August 1985, at the invitation of the Portuguese Communist Party.

Information and views on party organization were exchanged at meetings with

comrades Blanqui Teixeira, a member of the Political Commission and the

Central Committee Secretariat, Luis Sa, alternate member of the Central

Committee, and Jose Antonio Verissimo and at other visits. This fact-finding

trip was undertaken by the MPLA-Workers Party within the framework of the

friendship, solidarity and cooperation exemplified in relations between the

Portuguese Communist Party and the MPLA-Workers Party. [Text] [Lisbon

AVANTE! in Portuguese 29 Aug 85 p 7] 8844/13046

CSO: 3442/13
DJIBOUTI

CRUCIAL YEAR FOR ECONOMY FORESEEN

Djibouti LA NATION in French 17 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development is

undergoing a transformation. Right now it is trying to

advance to the stage of agricultural and stockraising

cooperatives (for the rehabilitation of surface water) and

the development of small-scale fishing. Intent on

responding to the new situation, and in order to set up

better coordination in the use of its own resources, both

material and human, the department has reorganized itself,

with the help of the United Nations Food and Agriculture

Organization (FAO).

As a consequence, starting in June 1985 it has expanded,

and is now organized into two major divisions: general

services (the secretariat general, soil and water

laboratory analysis) and production services (agriculture

and forestry, stockraising and fishing). In this new

reform, the secretariat general is supported by two

administrative offices: finance, and programming and

coordination.

In observance of World Food Day it is appropriate to take a

look at this newly reborn department and to review its

record of activities in all the areas under its

jurisdiction, as well as projects scheduled for the years

ahead.

Livestock and Village Water Supply

—With $1.5 million in financing approved by the Italian government,

feasibility studies on the livestock water supply have begun, with

financial help from the EEC. This project will lead to the creation of new

water holes, the restoration of existing ones, the building of various

underground reservoirs in the priority areas, as well as the installation

of dams, channels and pond-beds.
—Water supply for Goubetto, financed by the Royal Saudi Kingdom. This

involves the digging and equipping of a well, along with outflow pumping

equipment, the construction of two reservoirs, livestock drinking troughs,

and public fountains.

—Water supply for Yoboki, financed by the government, involving the

equipping of a borehole, a 6-km distribution system, the construction of

two reservoirs, livestock drinking troughs and public fountains.

—Water supply for Randa, financed by the EEC, development and equipping of

a water supply, a 300-meter distribution network, drinking troughs and

fountains.

—Improvement of the water supply for Holl-Holl, financed by the United

Nations Development Program [UNDP] and 80 percent complete; rehabilitation

of the pumping station and its equipment, four reservoirs and construction

of two new ones, and the laying of 6,000 meters of distribution channels.

—The equipping of 11 livestock water pumping stations at Petit-Bara,

Doudou-Alale, Behidle, Hanle (2), Andaba, Chabelley, Gontoy, Faffahto,

Assossah and Kibo.

Agricultural Water Supply

—Agricultural irrigation via artesian well, with cofinancing by the EDF

[European Development Fund] and the FAC [Aid and Cooperation Fund]: a

borehole and infrastructure for 2,000 meters of distribution channels,

construction of a 600 cubic meter reservoir and irrigation networks (both

drip and canal systems), and various buildings. A solar powered artesian

pump, financed by the FAC; a 2,600-watt pump, coupled to the

micro-irrigation network.

Creation of New Water Holes

In 1981 a technical cooperation agreement was signed between the Djiboutian

government and the UNDP/UNICEF. As a result Djibouti received from UNPD and

UNCDF [United Nations Capital Development Fund] a gift of $3 million for

the purchase of drilling materials and equipment and technical assistance.

The Djiboutian counterpart contribution to this project came to 150 million

Djibouti francs.

The German cooperation agency has financed a study to inventory water

resources and build cemented wells.

Among the projects proposed in this sector are:
—A project to dig two boreholes in Gaggade with financing from the United

Nations Emergency Fund [UNEF], the total cost coming to 36 million Djibouti

francs.

—A plan to dig 20 fully equipped boreholes. The project, which would cost

$2.4 million, has been submitted to Italy.

—A cemented well project costing $250,000, which could get financing from

UNCPD/UNPD.

Animal Health

—Proposed construction of a livestock yard in the city of Djibouti,

financed out of the fifth EDF on a nonreimbursable basis. This project will

help improve animal health inspection and facilitate building of the

structures necessary to feed and water livestock before it is slaughtered

or exported. It should also reduce the incidence of livestock roaming the

city.

—Training, now under way in Niamey (Niger), of five veterinary technicians

who will complete their studies within a year.

—Work on the restoration of veterinary stations and the equipment at their

disposal (now being completed).

Animal Production

—Restoration and better utilization of the doom-palm. This project,

costing $30 million Djibouti francs, has been financed from the fifth EDF

as a gift, and it is already under way. The special importance of this

project comes from the fact that the doom-palm areas serve as a refuge for

animals during droughts.

—A project relating to the organization and development of small livestock

activities in the northeast has received a 3-year financing guarantee from

the FAC. This project, expected to get under way by the end of 1985, will

facilitate a survey of livestock, vegetation and water holes, as well as a

study of marketing networks.

Pasturage Mapping

This project, financed out of the fifth EDF, should lead to identification

of the priority zones for development.

—Construction of a slaughterhouse and a livestock feed manufacturing

plant. The implementation of these projects has already begun, and

earthmoving work at the site is going to start right away. These two

projects are financed by the Arab Economic and Social Development Fund

[FADES]. The slaughterhouse will have a capacity of 10,000 tons of meat per
year, and its by-products, along with those of the flour-mill, will be used

as inputs for the livestock feed plant.

—Construction of an animal hide drying machine financed by the West German

government. This will permit improvements in the quality of the hides,

which are one of the nation's principal exports.

Fishing

With regard to the fishing industry, efforts over the last 3 years have

focused on expanding production resources. The most important achievements

in this area concern the following:

--Expansion of the fishing cooperative's cold storage capacity. It now has

three negative cold chambers [as printed], a positive chamber, a freezing

tunnel and two ice manufacturing plants.

—Completion of work on the Obock fishing wharf, financed by the Djiboutian

government, and completion of construction work on a fishery consisting of

a salesroom, a cold room, an ice plant, an outboard motor repair facility,

and small boats. These facilities are intended not only to meet the needs

of producers and consumers, but also to help free up storage and processing

facilities in Djibouti, and to serve as a base of operations for fishery

development activities in the lagoon situated between Godoria and Ras-Syan.

—Completion of the training of two Djiboutian marine navigators. They have

been stationed on the fishing vessels "Khor Angar" and "Khor Ambado." The

first continues to experiment with new fishing techniques and explore the

territorial waters to determine the best seasonal fishing zones. The

mission of the second is to evaluate the nation's fishing resources and to

support the training and exploration activities of the "Khor Angar."

—Reaffirmation of the support of USAID to the fishing sector. Its

contribution over the next 3 years will come to $300,000, all of which is

nonreimbursable.

—The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is also

continuing its assistance to the fishery sector, despite its current

financial crisis. Its contribution will include a gift and a concessional

loan of $1 million.

—Positive reaction of the Italian government, which is ready to make good

on its promise to participate in the development of the fishing industry in

Djibouti. A $1 million gift will be Italy's initial contribution.

—The successful organization of a campaign to promote fish consumption,

particularly in school cafeterias, both in the interior and in the city of

Djibouti.

10
—In Boulaos, on the premises of the cooperative, modernization of the fish

salesroom and the building of another room for the preparation and

processing of fish.

—Finally, we could mention construction of fish markets at Ali-Sabieh,

Dikhil and Tadjourah, as well as several sales outlets in the city of

Djibouti.

Agricultural Production

—Hydro-agricultural development (As-Eyla, Cheikheiti, Hanle, Obock)

costing $2.47 million, financed by the Islamic Development Bank [IDB] and

the Arab Agricultural Development Organization [OADA]. This 5-year project

will get under way in 1986.

—Exploitation of natural resources and the struggle against

desertification in Djibouti's coastal plain. This project, costing

$530,000, is cofinanced by the UNSO [expansion unknown], AGFUND [expansion

unknown], UNEP [expansion unknown] and FAO, the latter having operational

responsibility.

In the initial phase, lasting 1 or 2 years, the project will concentrate on

the preliminary studies needed for the preparation of a program for the

development of the region's agro-stockraising resources. Surveys of

vegetation, soil erosion locales and livestock are all under way.

Experimental introduction of forage and pasture vegetation has begun. Also,

a medium- and long-term strategy for the battle against desertification has

been drawn up, and it will be refined during the second phase of the

project.

—Hydro-agricultural development in Ambado. This is being handled by the

Italian government, and it will cost 876,658 lire. This 6-month project

will assist in establishment of an irrigation area on the coastal strip of

Tadj ourah.

—Water purification/irrigation. This involves the agricultural

exploitation of used water from the city of Djibouti. It will cost 7,664

ECU'S [European Currency Units], and is being funded by the African

Development Bank [ADB]. It will last 2 years and will culminate in

establishment of a 25-hectare palm grove at Douda.

—The rural development program, costing 150 million Djibouti francs, is to

be financed with the government's counterpart obligations to the EEC. This

project, which is now under way, is stretched over 2 years and involves

intense and extensive education, motivation and conscientization of the

rural population.

11
Research and Development

A research and development unit has just been started up in the office of

the minister, and it is to be responsible for coming up with concrete

solutions to the chronic problems encountered by development specialists.

It is also to sketch out the broad lines of research topics. This project,

costing $9.43 million Djibouti francs, will start up at the end of the

current year and will last for 2 years. The FAO is responsible for program

implementation.

—Assistance to the destitute small farmers of the northern region. This

project, costing $257,000 and lasting for 1 year, is scheduled to begin by

the end of 1985. It is financed by the FAO as part of the latter's

Technical Cooperation Program (TCP).

—Renovation of gravity-based irrigation facilities used by small farmers

in Ambouli. This program, costing $217,000, is in the hands of the FAO

(TCP).

—Development of agricultural areas in Ali-Sabieh and Ali-Adde, at a total

cost of $1,024,000. This 30-month project is also being handled by the FAO

and is to begin very soon.

—Upgrading of the Soil and Water Laboratory. This is a proposed study to

determine what is necessary to bring the ministry's laboratory up to fully

operational status.

This is an indispensable tool in the rational management of water and soil

resources, and in the identification of crop and livestock enemies. It is

to be the core of the nation's future Agronomy Research Center. This

project is financed by the FAO.

—Integration into the agricultural sector of the disaster-stricken nomadic

peoples in the As-Eyla region.

—Agricultural equipment needs of the agriculture and forestry service.

This project and the preceding one have attracted the interest of the FAO.

They will cost $496,000, and with the FAO's support they should get

financing from the World Food Program [WFP].

—A project to develop the Day forest (first phase).

Still on the subject of agricultural development, Djibouti this year

received significant aid from the Sultanate of Oman. This aid, consisting

of agricultural equipment of every kind, is worth more than 100 million

Djibouti francs. The equipment will be distributed directly to growers

through their various cooperatives.

We should not forget the continuing and indispensable support provided in

various ways by the 0ADA, two of whose technicians have been doing

12
fieldwork for nearly 3 years now. This organization provides the country

each year with a gift of agricultural equipment worth 1 million Djibouti

francs.

Annual Program 1985-1986

The year 1985-1986 will be a very important one for the Ministry of

Agriculture and Rural Development. It will involve consolidation of

previous efforts and will see the launching throughout the country of the

majority of the above-mentioned projects for which financing has been

guaranteed.

Also, we should add the following:

~A beekeeping project which has just been approved by the FAO.

—A $900,000 project to establish forage reserves has been submitted to the

FAO.

—An agricultural development project which has just>been submitted to the

FAO for consideration.

—A major integrated agricultural production diversification project, which

will involve all the various agencies of the ministry and will cost an

estimated 450 million Djibouti francs, has been incorporated into the fifth

EDF.

—The startup of IFAD phase two assistance, as well as Italian assistance.

Both will concentrate on promoting fish sales, one by strengthening the

distribution system (renovation of vehicles, building of cold rooms and

fish sales outlets at public markets, etc.), and the other by

diversification of fish products (fresh, dried, salted, etc.) as well as

community education and a search for external market outlets. With the help

of UNICEF a nutritional education project to combat infant malnutrition by

adding fish to the dietary regimen of Djiboutians is currently being

studied.

The year will also see the integration of agriculture and stockraising and

the modernization of marketing networks for all Djiboutian products.

Realization of the above-mentioned development objectives is a long-term

task, one which cannot be accomplished without the determination,

cooperation and mobilization of all.

The Republic of Djibouti appreciates the assistance of all countries and

organizations, near or far, which are working toward the completion and

realization of these tasks.

9516

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13
DJIBOUTI

FAO ROLE IN NATION REPORTED

Djibouti LA NATION in French 17 Oct 85 p 9

[Text] In its development efforts in the fields of agriculture,

stockraising, fishing and the struggle for water, the Republic of Djibouti

has been a beneficiary since its independence of increasingly generous

assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).

More than 30 FAO experts and consultants in various specialties have come

to Djibouti, at the request of the government, to work, prepare studies,

train technical personnel and advise the authorities in various

agricultural sectors.

The effective role played by this assistance has been made possible by the

elaboration of various projects, some of which are already completed. We

would note in particular:

—A study of development projects in the agricultural sector.

—The establishment of a vegetation protection unit.

—The designing of investment projects in animal production.

—The assistance of the Rural Engineering Service in using drilling

equipment.

—Technical assistance to the Ministry of Agriculture, particularly in the

field of hydrogeology.

—The struggle against algae predators.

—The reorganization of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

—Hydro-agricultural development.

—Development of the fishing sector.

14
—Forest protection.

Other projects are already being carried out or about to be launched. We

would mention:

—Exploitation of natural resources and the war against desertification on

Djibouti's.coastal plain.

—Technical assistance and the provisioning of equipment and other inputs

to disaster-stricken small farmers.

—Renovation of gravity-based irrigation facilities among the small farmers

of Ambouli.

—Production and protection of horticultural crops.

—Upgrading of the Soil and Water Laboratory.

—Integrated development of the Day forest.

We would also mention that two long-term projects are also scheduled:

—Integration of the disaster-stricken nomadic peoples in the zones of

Ali-Sabieh, As-Eyla and Ali-Adde, and the building up of forage reserves in

the Djibouti district.

9516

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15
FOOD PRODUCTION EXCEEDS TARGETS

London TALKING DRUMS in English 21 Oct 85 p 23

GHANA

[Text]

Dr I.K. Adjei-Maafo, Secretary for Agriculture, has announced that the country

exceeded all but one of the 1985 national

targets set for agricultural crops.

He described the general food output this

year as exceptionally encouraging compared to

what was regarded as a bumper harvest last

year.

Dr Adjei-Maafo who announced this at a

farmers' rally at Abofour in Ashanti gave

statistics to support his claim and attributed

the breakthrough to good rains, efficient and

effective implementation of the government's

agricultural programme and the fortitude and

co-operation of farmers.

According to the Agriculture Secretary,

cassava production this year exceeded last

year's by 300.000 metric tonnes: yams by

50.000 metric tonnes; both plantain and

cocoyam production shot up by 50 per cent

while rice output rose from 60.000 to 95.000

metric tonnes.

He said groundnuts, millet, beans and other

crops recorded remarkable increases.

However, there is an anticipated marginal drop

in maize production following a decrease in

the number of hectares cultivated this year as

against last year.

In the area of industrial crops. Dr AdjeiMaafo said from a position of an importer in

respect of oil palm in the 1970's. Ghana's

production had steadily risen from 13.000

metric tonnes in 1982 to 42.000 metric tonnes

as at last month.

He explained that with the country's annual

requirement of 39.000 metric tonnes and

prospects of even increasing output in the

succeeding years, indications were that Ghana

would export oil palm as from next year in

addition to maize and yam.

/9317

CS0: 3400/373

16
IVORY COAST

GABON ANALYZES IVORIAN ELECTION RESULTS

AB112146 Libreville Africa No 1 in French 1900 GMT 11 Nov 85

[Text] The results of the legislative elections that were held yesterday

in the Ivory Coast are now known. One hundred and fourteen new parliamentarians

are making their entry into the parliament. Among them are 61 former

parliamentarians. For the latter, things were not at. all easy.

Generally, the defection of the electorate came just 2 weeks after it renewed

its confidence in President Houphouet-Boigny whose 6th term of office was

a plebiscite with 99.99 percent of the votes. The defection is said to

have resulted from a poorly prepared campaign and one in which the big

means were not brought into play, whereas in the past the Ivory Coast has

always waged its campaign in the American fashion by spending heavily on

it. But it seems that this fall the electorate clearly took advantage of

the democratic process which is now in practice in the Ivory Coast. The

PDCI [Democratic Party of the Ivory Coast] did not present any candidates

in accordance with its promise to the people not to serve any longer as

an umbrella for any candidate and leave it to the free play of democracy

to select the good from the bad ones, hence the defeat of 54 parliamentarians

among whom are 3 members of the National Assembly Bureau.

All the same, the ship of state did not capsize completely because 5 years

ago only 25 out of the 125 outgoing parliamentarians were reelected.

Moreover, things went on very well for the first-rank political figures

who ran the elections. This is true of those who are considered as possible

candidates for the function of speaker of the National Assembly, namely

Philippe Yace and Henri Konan Bedie, the current speaker.

Following the constitutional reforms, the duties of the speaker of the

assembly were expanded. Henceforth, he will act for the president for a

period of 45 to 60 days in the event of a vacancy in that post. During

this period, he will also be charged with the leadership of the PDCI until

he organizes the presidential elections. These Ivorian legislative elections

come at a time when the country wants to provide itself with a new political

team alongside the old executive machinery.

/12858

CSO: 3400/397

17
IVORY COAST

TRANSMITTER RECEIVED FROM THOMSON TSF

AB050928 Abidjan Domestic Service in French 0745 GMT 5 Nov 85

[Text] On 26 November this year, the new 500-kilowatt transmitter will

arrive in Abijdan. The provisional technical delivery took, place yesterday

in Paris in the presence of the minister of information, Amadou Thiam.

The Ivory Coast and the Ministry of Information succeeded in obtaining the

transmitter with the assistance of the Thomson TSF Company. Our

permanent correspondent, Julien Adepo, reports from Paris:

[Begin Adepo recording] The transmitter weighs 80 tons and it consumes

1200 kilowatts of electricity. It can transmit to a distance of more than

4,000 kms. It consists of the following components: an automatic operating

system via a cathode-ray tube screen attached to the transmitter; a

numerical modulation; a high frequency channel; a cooling system and so on.

The acquisition of this transmitter is a credit to the Ivory Coast and the

Ministry of Information, and to the technical expertise of the French

company Thomson TSF. In fact it was in June 1985 that negotiations for

the transmitter began. The negotiations were conducted skillfully and with

determination by Minister Amadou Thiam, with the encouragement of the head

of state, President Felix Houphouet-Boigny. On 8 October, the agreement

was signed with Thomson. On 4 November, the transmitter was delivered and

tested successfully in a close circuit at Gennevilliers near Paris. On

Tuesday 5 November 1985, the dismantling and carting of the transmitter will

start. On 26 November, the transmitter will arrive in Abidjan and be offloaded at its Bingerville site where preparations to receive it have been

completed. Thomson TSF officials have assured the minister of meeting the

deadline. This is the fruit of President Felix Houphouet-Boigny's wisdom

and vision as well as his concern for the well-being of his people. It is

also the fruit of Ivorian-French cooperation which has been given an impetus

thanks to the dynamism of the Ivorian Government and the Ministry of

Information in particular because the right to information is the right of

all Ivorians. [end recording]

/12640

CSO: 3400/351

18
LESOTHO

INFORMATION MINISTER COMMENTS ON RSA MIGRANT THREAT

MB130629 London BBC World Service in English 1615 GMT 12 Nov 85

[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text] The South African Government yesterday admitted that it is drawing

up contingency plans to expel hundreds of thousands of migrant workers,

most of whom work in the mines, should international economic sanctions

be imposed, but the Minister of Manpower denied any immediate intention

to kick out the foreigners. Well, Lesotho, which is entirely surrounded

by South Africa and has a reputation for outspoken criticism of apartheid,

will be hard hit if its migrants were sent home. Lesotho's Information

Minister, Desmond Sixishe, called us up this afternoon and told Julian

Marshall how they reacted to the expulsion plans:

[Begin recording] [Sixishe] Well, our first reaction was one of dismay.

In fact we now know that the South African Government has in fact taken

a decision as against previously when they were only threatening to

repatriate workers from South Africa, but this time the Presidential State

Security Council, from which the decision has been taken, has decided that

this should be done.

[Marshall] Now, how many Basotho would in fact be affected by such an

expulsion?

[Sixishe] Well, out of a figure of 1.5 million migrant workers from

neighboring countries, Lesotho would account for just over 150,000 workers

who are engaged in South African mines and other industries.

[Marshall] And have you any idea of what kind of loss of revenue that

would mean to Lesotho were these people to return home?

[Sixishe] We are in fact talking of something like about 200-300 million

maluti, 164 million of which constitutes Lesotho's annual budget, government

budget.

[Marshall] So, it is a fairly sizable sum of money.

19
[Sixishe] It is a sizable sum of money considering that it accounts for

more than about 60 percent of our national budget.

[Marshall] And what kind of strain would this place on Lesotho's

infrastructure were all these people to return home?

[Sixishe] Certainly, we are going to be immediately faced with a grave

unemployment situation where suddenly our economy is going to have to

absorb so many workers at one point. Certainly we are going to be faced

with a security situation as these people will be coming all at the same

time from the mines, and very frustrated people perhaps, and we are very

concerned about the matter. In fact, we are sending a message to South

Africa today to express our concern, but we know, of course, that such

messages never get replies.

[Marshall] Now that this threat of expulsions of Basotho from South

Africa is a lot more real, aren't you going to have to quiet down your

criticism of South Africa?

[Sixishe] Well, I don't think we are going to be blackmailed into taking

political positions that we don't believe in. I think our principled

position is going to continue because we think that this reaction from

South Africa is a reaction caused by the sting that they are feeling from

the actions of the international community, actions that we have no control

over. I mean whether we supported South Africa or we did not support

South Africa, we still have no actions over the activities of the international

community in their approach toward getting rid of apartheid. We are really

a hostage state, hostage of the whole fight against apartheid. [end recording]

/12858

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20
LIBERIA

BRIEFS

LMA EXECUTIVES HELD—Over 60 security officers and inspectors of the Liberia

Marketing Association [LMA] yesterday detained three LMA executives at the

association's headquarters for delaying the more than $28,000 salary arrears

owed them over the last 18 months. According to the director of the LMA

security unit, Joseph S. Weah, the LMA acting executive president, Mr S.

Howard Bradful, his vice president, Mrs Lucy Massakoi, and another official,

had for the past 3 months failed to meet their monthly payrool in spite of

several appeals by the employees. The security officers and inspectors also

accused Mr Bradful and his administrative staff for the incompentence to

adequately manage the affairs of the LMA. During the temporary hold-up

which lasted almost 6 hours, the LMA workers threatened that unless the officials along with the board of directors agreed to meet the arrears as well

as to revamp the entire administration, they would not set the LMA chief

executive free. The security officers also contended that apart from the

acual account of the LMA, superintendents of markets presently collected a

daily total of 25 centsr from each marketter, but added that they had no

knowledge of how or where this money was going. [Text] [Monrovia Radio

ELWA in English 0655 GMT AB] /6662

CSO: 3400/360

21
MOZAMBIQUE

MARCELINO DOS SANTOS SPEAKS TO BEIRA CITIZENS ON FPLM DAY

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 1 Oct 85 pp 8-9

[Report on informal address by Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos, governor of Sofala

Province, in Beira on 25 September 1985, by Jonas Costa]

[Text] In response to public demand, Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos determined

to take harsh measures against individuals who violate (consciously or unconsciously) the boundaries of the Beira airport. Such measures include the use

of firearms by the Defense and Security forces against violators.

Marcelino dos Santos learned about these irregularities during an exchange

of views with some citizens gathered at the Monument to Mozambican Heroes on

FPLM Day, 25 September.

In the dialogue with the people,which is a traditional part of his visits,

the governor of Sofala Province and member of the Political Bureau of the FRELIMO

Party Central Committee brought up several issues relevant to daily life in

the province and in the country. The conversation focued on the struggle against

hunger and nakedness and to annihilate the armed bands.

At one point, listening to the people's concerns about the damage caused by

the torrential rains which fell recently in this city, Marcelino dos Santos

learned of the existence of certain individuals (peasants?!) who cut through

the barbed wire surrounding the airport runway, ostensibly to reach farm plots

on the adj cent land.

In this regard, the governor of Sofala reminded the gathering of the gravity of

misusing this land for agriculture, considering the political-military situation

in the province.

The Political Bureau member explained*out flight patterns and referred to

the tactics of opportunists, infiltrators and agents of the enemy.

Continuing, Sofala's highest official stressed the need to sharpen popular

vigilance, to prevent possible infiltration by the armed bandits.

When Marcelino asked what measures should be taken against the violators, the

crowd responded: 'If we catch someone trying to cut the barbea wire, we can

shoot him."

22
Some airport district residents who attended the meeting volunteered to help

patrol the area around the airport complex.

Regarding the problem of flooding, the governor urged the peasants to open

channels, using local resources, and asked the agricultural agencies to make

information available to this end.

Organization of Future Citizens of Mozambique

It is important to note that, after the wreath-laying ceremony, Maj Gen Marcelino

ds Santos, accompanied by Building and Water Minister Julio Carrilho, Health

Minister Joao Ferreiro, Fernando Voz, vice minister of health, and other party

and government cadres, slowly toured the two lines of people who were in

attendance.

On leaving this area, the party went to meet the group of local primary school

children, who sang to the accompaniment of the military band, lending an air

of festivity and lightness to the ceremony. These are the future members of

the Organization of Future Mozambicans (OCM), enrolled in the local cells.

The governor of Sofala chatted with a young girl about her organization and

also about the preparations for the constituent conference of the OCM, which

will be held in the nation's capital on 25 and 26 November.

Conversing with the members of the Arrangement Committee for that event, the

province leader learned about the activities in progress in the province.

He pointed to the need to bring all the children in this region of the country

into the oranization.

During this conversation, General dos Santos lamented the fact that the teachers

in the Macombe Primary School did not know the history of the founder of their educational institution. The official urged the young pupils to study the biography of the great chief of the State of Barue, who struggled heroically

against colonial domination.

Better Organization to Defend City

After speaking with the children, Marcelino dos Santos and his party went to

greet the militia in training in Goto, who were bubbling with happiness to

be celebrating 25 September ac a time when the Defense and Security forces

are winning a string of- victories..

Political Bureau member dos Santos described the heroism and combativeness

which the Mozambican Armed Forces had shown on the field in the struggle against

the armed bandits.

At another point, the official again stressed the importance of patrolling

the city as part of the action for the total elimination of the armed bandits,

in order to consolidate the victory of Gorongosa.

23
"V.'e must make a good effort to organize the popular militias, to prevent the

armed bandits from enteringthe city," Marcelino dos Santos emphasized, noting:

"To consolidate the Gorongosa victory is to insure the tranquillity of our

city."

The governor of Sofala Province referred to the destabilizing actions of the

bandits who had fled from Gorongosa and who are trying to spread panic in the

districts surrounding the provincial capital of Sofala. In those zone6, the

bandits have been making night raids to kidnap women and children and to loot

the people's property, among other crimes.

Marcelino later told the residents of these districts to keep their eyes open,

to prevent any attempt at enemy infiltration. The governor urged the militia

and other Defense and Security forces to mount a strong system of defense to

detect any unusual movement»

The residents who were present pledged to denounce bandit collaborators and

to catch the "madjubas" who attempt to create disturbances in the region.

Revolution .Day was joyfully celebrated in Sofala Province, particularly in

Beira; the restorationof electric power, after months of darkness, was applauded

by all the residents.

As the governor noted, to strengthen the patrol of the city is to insure tranquillity and, thus, to celebrate the victory of the Mozambican Armed Forces in

the various operations to search out and destroy the armed bands.

According to Marcelino dos Santos, as a result of the military offensive, peace

and tranquillity are returning to this province; he reported that no district

is now under the control of the armed bands.

The celebration was livened by the presence of the local primary children,

enrolled in their respective OCM cells.

6362

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24
MOZAMBIQUE

SOVIET DELEGATION VISITS MATOLA INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Oct 85 p 2

[Text] A delegation from the State Committee of Professional Technical Training of the Soviet Union, which has been visiting our country since last Friday, visited the Industrial School of Matola, in Maputo, on Saturday morning.

There, they reviewed the process of cooperative development between the two

countries in the area of training of qualified technicians.

On its arrival at the institution of professional technical training, the

visiting delegation, which was headed by the vice-president of the State

Committee for Professional Technical Training of the Soviet Union, Tamara

Glavka, was received by the education director of the city of Maputo, Florentino Ferreira, and by members of the staff of the school.

After a lengthy tour of the school's installations—its shops, its classrooms—

the Soviet delegation met with students and professors of that establishment

of professional training, who performed some selections from our cultural

heritage.

Speaking during the meeting, Maria dos Anjos do Rosario, director of planning

for the State Secretariat of Technical Professional Education, highlighted

the existing cooperative relations between Mozambique and the Soviet Union

for the training of specialized Mozambican technicians, and affirmed that the

school had grown out of the accords of the Treaty of Cooperation signed by

Mozambique and the USSR in 1976 for the training of qualified Mozambican

workers.

Also, Maria dos Anjos do Rosario emphasized the participation of the Soviets

who, side by side with Mozambicans, work toward the development of the country

through the training of Mozambican teachers.

For her part, the vice-president of the State Committee for Prefessional

Technical Training of the Soviet Union, Tamara Glavka, praised the work that

is being developed by the students and professors of the school, affirming

that,. "We are thinking that, in the future, all Mozambican youths will have a

profession with which they can participate in the economic development and the

well-being of their country."

25
At this time, Tamara Glavka donated some books and a picture to the library of

the school, which, as guaranteed by the adjunct-director of technical professional training of the institution, will be placed in the Patriotic

Education room.

At the end of the visit to the Industrial School of Matola, the vice-president

of the State Committee for Technical Professional Training of the Soviet Union

signed the honor book, where she wrote, among other words, that, "Your school

is a university of development for Mozambique, where the students learn

through producing."

12,857/8918

CSO: 3442/21

26
MOZAMBIQUE

CHINESE TO REHABILITATE SHOE FACTORY

Beira DIARIO IE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 27 Sep 85 p 16

[Text] In the next few months, the People's Republic of China will participate

in a project for the complete rehabilitation of the "Ritmo" shoe factory,

located in the industrial zone of Maputo. The unit will have an annual production capacity of 400,000 pairs of plastic shoes, for all ages and both sexes,

DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE learned from a high official of the Chinese Embassy in

Maputo. The official added that letters of protocol for the project have already

been e changed, and the agreement between the PCR and the People's Republic

of Mozambique was signed during the recent Chinese visit of Francisco Caravela,

secretary of state for the food and light industries,.

According to the official, in February of this year a PRC team of shoe specialists was in Mozambique to study the possibilities for Chinese participation

in the nation's shoe industry. The team selected the "Ritmo" factory, which

is currently almost idle, both for want of raw materials and because of the

breakdown of the machines, many of which are quite old.

The cost of the project and the date of initiation was not divulged, but it

is known that the PRC will supply enough materials for 2 years of operation,

in addition to new equipment and professional training for cadres in the sector.

"We can say that the plant will have complete^' Chinese traditions, because

it is going to produce a type of shoes from China which we are sure will be

a great novelty for the local people. The factory will also strengthen the

economic relations which we have had for several years now," the Chinese

official concluded.

6362

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27
MOZAMBIQUE

TRANSPORT COOPERATION WITH ZIMBABWE STUDIED

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] Bilateral discussions between the governments of Mozambique and

Zimbabwe took place yesterday morning in the Grand Hall of the Executive

Council of the city of Beira.

The discussions had to do with the area of transportation, specifically with

rail terminals and bus depots, and the SADCC projects.

During the meeting, the status of other, already existing projects, and the

support provided to SADCC by Scandinavian countries were also analysed.

At the table, the Mozambican delegation was headed by the Minister of Ports,

Railways, and Merchant Marine, Alcantara Santos, who was supported by highly

placed staff from his ministry, while the Zimbabwean delegation was headed by

the Minister of Transport, Herbet Ushewokunze.

In his opening remarks, Alcantara Santos praised the visiting delegation,

citing the role that the transport sector plays in the development of the

national economy and of the various SADCC projects.

"We are here to discuss what can be called the Beira corridor, which is

important not only for the development of our countries, but also for the

members of SADCC," said Alcantara Santos, adding that, "We are from the

transport sector, and we have a great responsibility."

The head of the Zimbabwean transport sector then stated that, "Only through

collective and organized action will we be able to build a better economy."

Also, Herbet Ushewakunze spoke of the railway lines that connect Machipanda

with the city of Beira, saying that they are working as planned.

The participating delegations divided into work groups, with one of them

oriented toward questions having to do with ports, and the other toward matters

having to do with the railways.

28
In the afternoon session, the Zimbabwean delegation, accompanied by Minister

of Ports, Railways, and Merchant Marine Alcantara Santos, visited the Port

of Beira, and met with a delegation from the Mozambique Telephone Company there.

The visiting delegation will leave Beira today, and return to their country.

12,857/8918

CSO: 3442/21

29
MOZAMBIQUE

ALBERTO CHIPANDE SPEAKS AT MACHEL'S BIRTHDAY

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 30 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] The coincidence of the 52nd birthday of President Samora Machel

with his return from the- U.S. where he had gone on a working visit

and to mark the 40th anniversary of the United Nations, made his reception

in Maputo different from all the others.

Many persons who had gone to the airport to receive the Mozambican chief of

state, mostly young men and women from the democratic mass organizations,

were not only singing and dancing but were also waving little flags and

holding up flowers, forming a mixture of choruses.

Changing their routine of revolutionary songs, the cultural groups were also

singing "Congratulations, Father Samora."

Moved by his traditional liking for popular songs, President Samora listened

carefully to the songs dedicated to him and received bouquets of flowers and

gifts that were offered to him on the occasion; he then thanked the people

for this gesture.

But more affectionate words were spoken at his residence minutes after his

arrival at Ponta Vermelha Palace; these words were spoken by National Defense

Minister Alberto Chipande.

"Our people are with you. Congratulations, Samora, for the way in which you

presented the aspirations of our people in the United Nations Assembly,"

said Chipande after "confessing" that "there are no words to express the

people's feelings of gratitude."

In a reference to the role currently performed by President Samora during

his recent trip, Chipande emphasized the fact that a large portion of the

52 years of the Mozambican chief of state was devoted to the cause of the

revolution.

The ceremony, organized by family members of the Mozambican leader, was

attended by the delegation that accompanied the president to the United

States, including the airplane crew, members of the government and the party,

and some family members of the president.

5058

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30
MOZAMBIQUE

GENERAL CHIPANDE ADDRESSES NEW SOLDIERS

Maputo NOTICTAS in Portuguese 30 Sep 85 p 1

[Text] "Onward, to battle, lions of the forest! Have a

good trip, be successful and do a good job," Army Gen

Joaquim Alberto Chipande, the national defense minister,

on Saturday urged the graduates of the seventh military

training course. During a ceremony which was attended

by members of the cabinet, generals, officers, sergeants,

and enlisted men, the army general emphasized that the

soldiers "who today finish their course must be an

insurmountable barrier against the desperate actions

which the armed bandits are carrying out against our

people and they must wipe out armed banditry."

The units that are going to go into combat will be commanded by their respective instructors who have volunteered for this mission. This is an initiative

which will enable the instructors to evaluate the results of their work in

field.

"You now have the primary mission of applying your knowledge in the theater

of operation. Occupy the forests so that the bandit will feel that he is

constantly being driven out so as to guarantee peace and tranquility for our

people," said the army general; then he added that "You leave here, welltrained and aggressive. You came here as civilians with a tribal, regionalist

mentality and with racial prejudices but you leave here today as Mozambican

citizens, as patriots with a real historical and cultural grasp of our country.

In his address, the army general touched on the difficulties involved in

organizing logistic supply in the field as part of the process of turning

civilians into soldiers. In this context he stressed that the young soldiers,

in spite of everything, managed to solve these problems because they understood

the nature and importance of learning how better to defend the fatherland and

the revolution. These new fightingmen completed their training during a

phase in which major operations were being carried out throughout the country

in an effort to wipe the armed bandits out completely. In this context,

Chipande said that "During this crucial phase in the fight to wipe out the

armed bandits in our country, we must display greater determination and selfdenial in combat. This means that in our daily combat operations we must

31
engage in search and pursuit missions as well as encirclements and annihilation of the armed bandits."

Army Gen Alberto Chipande spoke these words after having heard the message

from the graduates. They also handed over to him the amount of 5,000 meticals

to strengthen the defensive capability of the RPM [People's Republic of

Mozambique].

5058

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MOZAMBIQUE

EFFORTS UNDER WAY TO REORGANIZE MAPUTO

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 20 Sep 85 p 2

[Text] Government agencies of the city of Maputo are

drawing up specific programs aimed at the implementation

of the decisions adopted at the recent meeting on the

reorganization of the city of Maputo under the slogan of

"turning Maputo into a model city." With this in mind,

the commissions which are active in the transportation

and urban services sectors among other things propose the

reorganization of the TPU [Urban Public Transit] system

and the restoration of some lines as well as the transformation of some sectors of the urban services into

autonomous enterprises. The goal is, through these

measures, to revitalize the operations of the various

agencies of the Executive Council of the city of Maputo

in order to respond to the questions facing that city's

government.

Following the recent meeting on the reorganization of the city, held under

the guidance of President Samora Machel, commissions were created which,

along with the directorates of the Executive Council, have the mission not

only of surveying the problems but also submitting proposals for their solution.

It should be remembered that various problems with identified during the preparatory phase of the above-mentioned meeting. But, since it was discovered

that it would be necessary to obtain more data on these issues, it was decided that the problem survey work would be continued, this time with a

specific approach regarding the solution of these problems.

The urban services officials during that meeting emphasized the following main

issues: Supply, transportation, and housing.

Transforming Urban Services

Transforming some sectors of the urban services into autonomous enterprises,

as a step intended to make the sector more efficient in operational terms,

was one of the proposals submitted by the commission which is working in

this sector, as our reporter learned.

33
The proposals that were drafted are in line with the sector problem survey

carried out by the above-mentioned commission.

In drafting the proposals for the operation of these services, the commission

kept in mind the complexity of the tasks assigned to this sector. This resulted in the need for pursuing the studies more in depth so that the measures

to be taken would be effective in solving these problems.

As our reporter was able to find out, the questions that were presented as

being complex included the fact that the major portion of the sectors of those

services did not yield any material profits. The services rendered to the

public, especially street-cleaning and other services, were mentioned as

examples. Questions such as these deserve more careful analysis with a

view to the possible creation of enterprises that would operate independently

of the Urban Services Directorate.

Transportation: Reorganize System, Reactivate Some Lines

The commission that worked on the transportation sector listed as a priority

effort the reorganization of the TPU and the restoration of some lines that

link Maputo and some districts.

A source in the city's Directorate of Transportation and Transit told our

newspaper that consideration is being given to the idea of involving some

private sectors in managing that transportation enterprise.

"In doing the work of reorganizing the transportation sector, we will need

greater coordination with other agencies, such as the Secretariat of State

for Highway Transportation," the city director of transportation and transit

explained.

The program worked out for this sector calls for the restoration of the

Maputo—Inhaca connection. For this purpose it is expected that the restoration of some boats operating on that line will be completed within 2 months.

As part of that same program, experts are studying the possibility of

establishing a maritime link between Maputo and Matutuine; according to

that same source, this would require the construction of support facilites

so that the boats could tie up not only in the Matutuine zone but also in

Matola-Rio, since the objective here is to create conditions so as to minimize

the problems caused by the lack of transportation.

On this same issue we also learned that general restoration work will be done

on the bridges in Maputo and Catembe as part of an effort to be carried out

in coordination with the Naval Maintenance Enterprise.

Another objective to be attained is to provide proper conditions for driver

training schools, especially vehicles, so that they may effectively assume

their function of training skilled drivers for a city such as Maputo and

other cities.

34
The need for restoring these training facilities springs from the fact that

the current situation in the sector does not make it possible to carry out

all training programs, particularly in practical terms.

Our reporter among other things found out that other commissions created in

the wake of the decisions emerging from the meeting on this city's reorganization are also drafting proposals for the operation of each sector.

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35
MOZAMBIQUE

OTM PROVINCIAL BRIGADE TO START WORK IN GORONGOSA

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 10 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] Gorongosa—A brigade of the OTM [Mozambican Workers Organization] Provincial Council is working in this district for the fundamental purpose of creating

the conditions necessary for the official establishment of a district commission

or council of this socio-professional organization.

The aforementioned brigade, headed by Antonio Januario and including Joao Sebastiao, has already held a series of meetings at some enterprises that exist in

the.district's headquarters locality. At those meetings, the brigade members

provided an exhaustive explanation of the experience of the international labor

movement, as well as of the OTM's program and bylaws.

According to Antonio Januario, who was contacted by the reporter from DM, the

program now approved for the brigade's activities during its stay in the

district involves two phases. The first one consists of holding meetings in

nine production sectors (state enterprises and departments), while the second

will be the one during which the creation of the Union Committees on the rank

and file level will be undertaken.

The brigade's work program is due to end on 11 October, with the official

establishment of an OTM district council or commission, with the selection of

the respective leadership organs.

Since national independence in June 1975, the district of Gorongosa has had

Production Council agencies established in the local mill, the feed factory

and certain private sawmills.

With the mill and the feed factory at a standstill because of the lack of

electric power, and the sawmills destroyed as a result of the armed bandits'

terrorist activity, the Production Councils became inactive during a preliminary

phase and gradually disappeared.

Regrettably, since 1980 the district has not had any agency of the Production

Councils, owing to the difficult, agitated, politico-military situation being

experienced in the region. It is for this reason that the work of the provincial

brigade will have to start from scratch, mobilizing the workers and seeking

candidates to staff the agencies both on the rank and file and the district

levels.

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36
MOZAMBIQUE

GORONGOSA RESIDENTS PLAN FOR NEXT YEAR

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 20 Sep 85 p 4

[Article by Jonas Cossa, DIARIO correspondent in Gorongosa]

[Text] The residents of Gorongosa District, Sofala Province, already have a

blueprint of activities to be conducted next year, following approval of the

draft PEC-86 [General State Plan-1986] regarding that region of the country.

To mark the conclusion of the planning, a gathering was held recently at the

local education center for individuals involved in the planning.

Speaking on that occasion, Castigo Zandamele, party first secretary and

Gorongosa District administrator, explained that the event had been organized

to provide a moment for reflection and to exchange views on the responsibility

of each citizen in carrying out the planned tasks.

At one point, rhe official praised the people for their enthusiastic participation in the design of the plan, particularly in reporting their production

potential, capacities and needs. They also provided the information for an

accurate assessment of the results of the agricultural campaign which is about

to end.

Among other guests, all the members of the brigades which worked on gathering

the basic data (students, teachers and workers) and representatives of party

and government organs attended the gathering.

The party took place in a very festive atmosphere. The guests ate and drank

"pombe " (a traditional beverage, made with fermented "mapira" since there

was no sugar available on the market). The party ended with dancing.

Agriculture and Defense Stressed in Plan

It is noted that the draft for PEC/86, now approved at the district level,

includes a series of actions which will directly or indirectly contribute to

hastening the eradication of the armed bandits and the elimination of hunger a^

nakedness, the effects of which are well known in that part of the province.

The residents of the neighborhood of the district seat of Gorongosa, the only

ones to be interviewed by the brigades drafting the plan, expressed their

determination to farm even larger areas next year. They were also prepared

to sharpen their vigilance and intensify their participation in self- defense

programs.

37
The intensive operations which the Armed Forces are conducting in the jungle

(to search out and destroy the armeü bands) have also inspired the peasants

to intensify their efforts.

Actually, that action resulted in enlarging the zone which is now clear of

bandits, so the residents on the outskirts of the town of Gorongosa have been

able to farm in security. There is no longer much danger of being abducted

or of seeing their farms attacked by the "madjubas" [RENAMO agents], who used

to conduct sporadic raids in the producing areas.

The draft PEC/86 also urges increased production of building materials using

resources available locally, such as small-scale production of bricks; bricks

produced in a pilot program solved the problem of the shortage of primary

school classrooms.

Speaking for Gorongosa District, one of its representatives informed the provincial

brigade which is assisting in drafting the plan that the people are concerned

about the insensitivity and inflexibility of some official organs in creating

the conditions which would insure the successful performance of the planned

tasks.

Province Has Responsibility

At the meeting to take an accounting of the actions which had been planned

for the first half of this year, it was determined that some actions had not

been carried out. These were tasks which, by their nature, depended on other

factors or resources which do not exist now in the district.

Kence, provision of consumer goods was inadequate because of transport problems.

In agriculture, as well, production goals for vegetables and other crops were

not met because of the lack of or delayed delivery of seeds.

The participants agreed that, in addition to the various problems facing the

country as a whole, the district has experienced difficulties because of the

malfunction of some government and private organs.

As an example, it was noted that the hospital is struggling with a shortage

of oil to fuel the refrigeration system, and there was a shortage of educational

material. This meant that the vaccination goals were not met (the vaccines

were returned to Beira), and there are discouraging prospects for meeting the

vaccination plan for this year. Measures have been taken to correct some work

methods, and activities have been scratched which, given the situation in the

district, are beyond the capacity of the people.

The first meetings to assess the results in the first half of the year found

that tasks had been programmed which are currently out of the question because

they require conventional materials, such as cement for housing construction

and steel for bridge repairs.

This thought led to the idea that more people must be organized into associations

for the production of bricks and for construction.

38
During the meetings to assess and approve the PEC in the party and a: ate sectors,

it was concluded that the plan is realistic, because it is based on the experience of prior years. This means that rhere are good prospects for its fulfillment.

It is noted that the provincial brigade selected to assist in drafting the

plan for the Gorongosa District has already returned to Beira. The brigade

was led by Manuel Nogueira, director of the Department for Prevention and

Control of Natural Disasters in Sofala Province.

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39
MOZAMBIQUE

TOOLS, SEED DISTRIBUTED IN GORONGOSA INSUFFICIENT FOR DEMAND

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] Recently, over 4,000 hoes and 2,000 machetes were distributed to the

population of the Gorongosa district. However, these amounts are still considered to be insignificant in comparison with the real needs and the number

planned from the standpoint of farm tools.

Boaventura Lourenco Tivane, an agricultural supervisor serving in the Chimoio

Agrarian Institute, who is in this district involved in the extensive program

for reorganization, told the reporter from DM that 96 private farmers will be

included in the next campaign, as well as thousands of peasants associated

with the family sector.

At the present time, the district has nearly 10 tons of corn seed in stock.

When planted in the ground, if there is moderate vegetative development, that

amount of seed, estimated as covering 400 hectares, could produce nearly 600

tons of grain, with a yield of 1.5 per hectare.

That intermediate agricultural technician remarked: "We still need a large

amount of seed, based upon our predictions."

Meanwhile, according to that individual, conditions are being created to increase

the production of green vegetables, and relative priority must be given to the

squash species, whch will occupy a total area of 22 hectares; followed by

cucumbers, with 6 hectares, eggplant, with 4 hectares, peppers, with 2 and,

finally, carrots, with nearly 1 hectare.

Also in connection with corn, it is thought that every family should prepare 1

hectare, as a minimum, for which at least 25 kilograms of seed will be required.

But it is still too early to specify exactly the amount of seed needed, because

the inventory of "recovered persons" has not ended yet and, moreover, many

families are showing up every day on the concentration sites.

At the present time, the district is undergoing a shortage of watering cans,

rakes and sprayers, tools to be used in green vegetable production which,nevertheless, do not exist on the domestic market. However, there is the idea of

collecting that equipment from various enterprises in the city of Beira, and

possibly in Chimoio as well.

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40
MOZAMBIQUE

CITIZENS DECORATED IN BEIRA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 8 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] Last week, on Monday afternoon, an awards ceremony was held by

Major General Marcelino dos Santos, member of the Political Bureau of the

Central Committee of the Frelimo Party, Secretary of the Permanent Commission

of the Popular Assembly, and director of the Province of Sofala. The ceremony

took place at the Palace of the Provincial Assembly in Beira, where 21 citizens

are decorated with the following medals: the Eduardo Mondlane Order, 3d

degree, the Bagamoyo medal, the Veteran of the Battle for National Liberation

medal, and the Valor and Patriotism medal, 1st and 2d degrees.

The conferral of the decorations to the 21 citizens is a form of recognition

of the fact that they had distinguished themselves during the War of National

Liberation, and for having demonstrated qualities on other war fronts during

the post-independence period.

Marcelino dos Santos explained that the ceremony was a means of carrying out

the recent decisions of the Popular Assembly to recognize the distinction of

the best sons of the people, and those who were most noteworthy in carrying

out the task of defending the territorial integrity.

The citizens were recognized in a ceremony at which members of the Central

Committee of the Frelimo Party, residents of the city of Beira, members of

the Assembly, and members of the provincial government, along with other city

officials, were present.

The Order of Eduardo Mondlane, 3d degree, was awarded to the Military Commandant of Sofala, Joao Aleixo Malunga; the director of education of Sofala,

Edmundo Enoque Libombo was decorated with the Bagamoyo medal; and 12 other

citizens were presented with the Veteran of the Battle for National Liberation

medals; three with the Valor and Patriotism Medal, 1st degree, and four with

The Valor and Patriotism Medal, 2d degree.

During the award ceremony, Marcelino dos Santos said that the medal award

ceremony had been scheduled to occur at the end of Defense Week, which had

been initiated on the anniversary of the 25th of September, which is FPLM day

and Revolution Day.

41
"We wanted to make of these awards a testimonial of the country's gratitude to

its heroes," he emphasized, adding, "The comrades whom we decorate today are

some of those who have distinguished themselves in our country, making her

grow, and, at the same time, helping to consolidate her independence."

12,357/8918

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*

42
MOZAMBIQUE

INADEQUATE FISH YIELDS IN ZAMBEZI RIVER NEAR CHEMBA AREA

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in. Portuguese 10 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] The lack of nets, among other materials, is considered the main factor

in the meager development of the fishing industry in the waters of the

Zambezi River in the Chemba area of Sofala.

According to sources from that district, the problem of the shortage of

necessary equipment for fishing has been going on for a long time, but no

solutions have been found as yet. Consequently, there is no complete use made

of the abundant resources there.

In this connection, a member of the local 25 September bakery, fishing and tile

cooperative remarked: "There are many fish in the river, but we are faced with

a lack of fishing equipment, mainly nets, in addition to lumber for making

boats.

"If we catch some fish it is with a great deal of effort. The two nets that we

have, one hauled by eight men and the other by two, do not suffice for our

growth."

There are various types of fresh-water fish in the Zambezi River. The cooperative member added: "With more fishing.equipment we would succeed in raising

the catching capacity and we would have an. opportunity to supply the district,

including remote areas."

According to a member of the management, the 25 September cooperative has made

constant orders for the purchase of fishing implements to the agencies associated with this activity, through the district. However, this association's

requirements have not been met.

Information gathered by our reporter indicates that, during February, March,

April and.June of this year, that cooperative caught 1,182 kilograms of fish.

This activity was not carried out during the other months of the half-year

now ending, because, according to the respective plan, the work is done only

for 8 months.

43
As we learned from the cooperative members and district sources, this amount

is not sufficient to meet all the needs, not even those of the district

headquarters of Chemba.

The aforementioned factor is added to the problem of rainfall and agricultural

work, which contributed greatly to preventing the goal, although it was attained

(the goal was 960 kilograms during the first half-year), from meeting the

needs of the Chemba farmers.

Because of the fact that the fish caught did not suffice to supply the majority

of residents of the district, its sale was difficult.

Lumber: Another Problem

The Chemba fishermen said that they have a great need for boats that would

enable them to increase their work. However, this possibility is considered

remote, and hence they will continue to use canoes.

Moreover, there are major difficulties in the construction of boats with a

capacity exceeding that of the canoes. There is no lumber, nor are the

carpenters organized to be able to engage in the sawing activity.

One fisherman, discussing this issue, commented: "We are forced to use canoes,

which do not offer safety in this work."

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44
MOZAMBIQUE

NEW BEIRA BUS FLEET HIGHLY SATISFACTORY

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 19 Sep 85 p 83

[Text] The new bus fleet of the TPU [Urban Public Transport Company] which has

gone into operation in Beira, solving a difficult problem which directly or

indirectly affected everyone, was the culmination of a program for the reorganization of the sector, an effort which took 11 months and involved the most

varied structures, at all levels.

As Maj Gen Marcelino dos Santos, governor of Sofala Province, stressed at the

meeting to assess the benefits: "It is not a matter of solving today's problems,

or tomorrow's problems, but of solving the TPU's problems once and for all,"

because the real conditions are being created for this.

Many of the bus riders see the new fleet, which went into operation on Victory

Day, 7 September, as another case of the power of enthusiasm, which will die

out as time passes and the old problems return.

The buses, 54 in all, will be introduced gradually, in three phases, and will

serve the 10 routes already in place, plus two more which are not yet in

existence.

The first phase, which got underway on 7 September, will last for a month,

with 26 buses; the second phase, in which 33 buses will be in operation, will

last for 60 days; in the third and final phase, all 54 buses will be operating.

The public transport situation in Beira had been really difficult, considering

that, until the new fleet was inaugurated, there were no more and no less than

six buses circulating in this city, as the TPU director noted at the meeting.

Thus, many workers who lived far away from their jobs were obliged to walk

several kilometers to and from work, or else take on the "pirates," the cab

driver who took full advantage of the situation to line their pockets.

To consolidate this victory, which is really a victory for all of us, it is

important for the passengers and the transport company alike to keep the buses

in good condition and to observe all rights and duties.

45
"The TPU's new bus fleet will make it possible for people who live faraway

from their jobs to get to work on time." This opinion was expressed by two

of our readers—Rui Alberto Franca and Maria de Lurdes—who were interviewed

by our reporter.

According to Alberto: "As Long as there is no shortage of spare parts and

technical assistance and the bus drivers keep to the established schedules,

the public transport problem in the ciy of Beira is finally solved."

Commenting on the new bus terminal, Rui Franca stressed that it "needs paving

and more protection for passengers when it rains, particularly when the rain

is accompanied by gusty winds. The shelters look improvised," he added.

"The users of the new buses must be disciplined and watchful, so the buses

will be well preserved," he appealed to the passengers. Alberto Franca, aged

32, is employed by the Provincial Directorate of Education and Culture in

Sofala Province, He is married and lives in the Fourth District.

Maria Lurdes, aged 22, married, works at the branch office of Acucareira de

Mocambique in Beira and is a resident of the First District (Macuti). When

DIARIO asked her opinion of the new bus fleet, she began by recalling what

she referred to as the "difficult situation" which Beira had experienced until

very recently with public transportation.

Speaking of the present phase, our interviewee added: Now we can go home for

lunch and get back to work between noon and 2 pm.

"The passengers should not scratch up the buses or board through the windows,

as they used to do," warned Maria de Lurdes, referring to ways to help prolong

the "life" of these public transport means,.

Regarding the cab drivers, our interviewee said it would be more organized

if they were grouped at one location in each zone and the passengers could

pick them up there.

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46
MOZAMBIQUE

BEIRA-MACHIPANDA RAIL LINK TO BE REHABILITATED

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 9 Oct 85 p 4

[Text] The rehabilitation of the Beira-Machipanda railroad along an expanse

of 141 kilometers, subdivided into five visible sections, is due to begin this

November. This undertaking will consist of the installation of 83,500 ties

and the overhauling of 32,000 cubic meters of ballast.

According to sources from the CFM [Mozambique Railroad] in this city, all the

necessary work will be completed within a period of a year. However, there are

prospects for reducing the duration of the activities to improve the line to

only 6 months, according to Herbert Ushewokunze, Zimbabwean minister of transportation, during his visit to that project.

To decrease the time period for completing the aforementioned restoration, in

accordance with the plan already devised, also according to the Zimbabwean

minister, the latter country will hold talks with Mozambique.

In this connection, Herbert Ushewokunze said that, during this phase, all the

activities aimed at developing the transportation between the two countries

and in the area of the SADCC [Southern African Development Coordination Conference], as part of the bilateral cooperation and within the potential that

exists, should be done in the shortest time period, particularly on this

occasion when Southern Africa wants to reduce its dependence on, and relations

with South Africa.

However, according to information procured from the CFM, the rehabilitation of

the Beira-Machipanda railroad is part of a project for improving the railroad

area which has financing from "U.S.A. AID" (an American agency to back development),, valued at $5 million.

According to the same source, the donation from "U.S.A. AID" calls for the

reconversion of the steam machine shops to diesel locomotive shops, and

occupational training abroad. In fact, 34 Mozambican workers from CFM assigned

to rail transportation are due to specialize, starting next year, in Zimbabwe.

In this connection, the source added that, based on the aforementioned monetary

backing, nine steam locomotives would be repaired, one for drilling and the

rest for the line, as well as two diesel engines.

47
The improvement of the Beira-Machipanda railroad and the reconversion of the

steam shops to diesel, among other jobs specified in this area, are considered

important with respect to increasing the volume of goods to be transported per

year for the individual benefit of the SADCC member nations, such as Zimbabwe

and others of the region.

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48
MOZAMBIQUE

MANDRUZE PEASANTS CELEBRATE RICE FESTIVAL

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 17 Sep 85 p 3

[Text] About 500 people took part in a great rice festival in Mandruze (Donde)

Saturday, to celebrate the end of the 1984/85 campaign. Workers from the host

agricultural enterprise, representatives of Buzi cooperatives and collective,

private and family farmers in the area all took part.

This was the first event of its kind, as part of what is planned to be Rice

Day, the date of which has not yet been esabblished. "We are here because

rice is important. So we should find a way to see that every grain gets into

the sack," recommended Teotonio Fevereiro dos Muchangos, member of the provincial

government and director of agriculture for Sofala Province.

"The choice of Dondo District as the site of the rice festival is not just

one important event in our contribution to increased agricultural production

and productivity," said Cristovao Cassama, first secretary of the party and

administrator of that zone of Sofala Province, who was speaking on behalf of

the district government.

Noting that the objective is to encourage producers and to bring back the agricultural traditions, Teotonio dos Muchangos said: "There will be festivals

for each of the crops, and we can only celebrate when we are really productive.

Could we ever celebrate a famine?"

Saturday's festival in Mandruze was attended by hundreds of peasants and by

Indian technicians who assist the workers in the local agricultural enterprise,

introducing new production techniques. The festival was preceded by a voluntary

work day, which was devoted to planting corn.

Model Producers

On Saturday, 19 agricultural producers, including cooperative, private and

family farmers, received awards ranging from "Xirico" portable radios to clothing,

as part of this first celebration of Rice Day in Sofala Province.

Issufo Ismail, a private dealer in farm products, was also presented with a

shirt, trousers and jacket (a suit), in recognition that, in Dondo District,

he had made the greatest effort to buy up the peasants' surplus production.

49
The prizes included 20 Xiiico radios, Three of which were won by agricultural

cooperatives; one of these was the Eduardo Mondlane Cooperative, considered

the model cooperative in the district because of its level of organization

and profitability.

Dondo To Produce for Export

A mortar and pestle, to be used for grinding "piri-piri" [ type of pepper],

was presented to the highest official of the party and government in Sofala

by the Donde govenment, as a symbol that, in addition to the rice crop which

was celebrated on Saturday, the distict win produce this prime product for

export , it was explained by Administrator Cristovao Cassamo.

Workers salute Armed Forces

The workers of the Mandruze Agricultural Enterprise saluted the Armed Forces

of Mozambique-FPLM on Saturday for their recent victories over the armed bandits, specifically for the capture of the bandits' base camp in the Gorongosa

mountains.

The salute was expressed in a message delivered by Tulio Machava, director

of the agricultural enterprise. The message noted that, because of the bandit

attacks against this production unit, it had been necessary to move it from

Cherimonio (Buzi), where it had functioned until 1982.

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50
MOZAMBIQUE

CETA TO REBUILD INFRASTRUCTURES

Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguese 1 Oct 85 p 2

[Text] A brigade from the CETA [General Construction, Land Grading and Paving

Company] regional branch in Sofala wil soon leave for Gorongosa District to

survey the buildings, bridges and roads destroyed by the armed bandits, in

preparation for their rehabilitation. The brigade includes several specialists

in this area.

At a general meeting held last week, the CETA workers made it known that the

are prepared to turn this production unit into a military enterprise. Thus,

they will move forward, side by side with the Mozambican Armed Forces [FAM],

in the sweep of the jungle.

It was reported at the meeting that the workers will break roads to permit

penetration by the FAM and to get supplies to the local population. They will

also rebuild all the property destroyed by the armed bandits in their murderous

rampage.

The some 400 workers who attended the 2-day meeting volunteered to donate blood

at the Central Hospital of Beira, as part of the drive in progress, supported

by the International Red Cross..

Speaking for the workers, the secretary of the OTM [Organization of Mozambican

Workers] explained the gesture as more than just aid to invalids whose life

is threatened by the blood shoratge; it also symbolizes the transfusion of

new blood into the CETA.

It should be noted that the activities follow upon organizational and administrative measures taken in the general assembly after an exhaustive study of the

problems obstructing the productive process.

By decision of the assembly participants, Adelino Ribeiro, provincial director

of building and waterworks, T&O chaired the meeting, called for the resignation

of Momad Bay, director of the CETA regional office in Sofala, who was accused

of various irregularities during his administration.

An administrative committee will direct the process of reorganization of the

company, and there will be closer study of the questions raised by the workers

at the general assembly, which lasted for almost 20 hours.

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51
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

COOPERATION BETWEEN WRITERS—Two protocols of intention were signed between

the AEMO [Mozambican Writers Association] and its Brazilian and Portuguese

counterparts Wednesday afternoon at the headquarters of that association.

The documents were signed for the Mozambican side by Rui Jogar, AEMO SecretaryGeneral, and for the Brazilian and Portuguese sides by Fabio Lucas, president

of the Brazilian Writers Union, and Manuel Ferreira, president of the Portuguese Writers Association. The protocols will permit an exchange of

literary impressions between the writers as well as the sale of literature

among the three countries. The ceremony was attended by Jose Craveirinha,

AEMO president, and Calane da Silva, a Mozambican writer, in addition to

officials from that social and professional organization. The photo shows

the moment the protocols were signed; reading from left to right: Rui Nogar,

Jose Craveirinha, Manuel Ferreira, and Fabio Lucas. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS

in Portuguese 20 Sep 85 p 5] 5058

CHINESE DONATION—A gift made up of teaching and athletic materials, including

sneakers, warmup suits, pencils, protractors, balloons, and radios was turned

over on Friday afternoon to the Central Commission for the Preparation of the

Constitutent Conference of the Organization of Mozambican Scouts. This

gesture was made by the Young Pioneers of the PRC in an effort to hail the

CCOCM [Constituent Conference of the Organization of Mozambican Scouts].

The gift was presented by Dong Xiang Chen, counsellor at the Chinese Embassy

in Mozambique, and it was received by Teresa Carvalho, head of the Central

Commission. During the ceremony, which was held in that agency's premises,

Teresa Carvalho expressed appreciation for the offer in the name of all

Mozambican youngsters and said: "This is a gesture of great importance

primarily at this point in time as we prepare for the conference and we

promise to use these articles properly." Speaking likewise on this occasion,

the Chinese counsellor said that "The Chinese pioneers as well as the Mozambican scouts will in the future continue their relations of friendship and

solidarity which date back to the time of the national liberation struggle

and which still exist between our two peoples. The photo [not shown]

illustrates the moment at which Teresa Carvalho received the gift from Chinese

Embassy counsellor Dong Chen. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 23

Sep 85 p 2] 5058

52
FIREWOOD, CHARCOAL FOR MAPUTO—Maputo—A team from the Forestry Management

Unit recently paid a working visit to the FO-2 forestry project, in Marracuene

District, Maputo Province, to initiate a program to plant stands of fast-growing trees, to supply firewood and charcoal to the capital city in the future.

During the visit, the team met with project and district cadres to discuss

various technical and administrative aspects of the project. As a result of

all the work conducted at that time, a number of steps have been taken, at

several levels, aimed at meeting the reforestation goals for the 1985/86 campaign, which takes in 500 hectares. It was also agreed to organize the supplus

manpower. To this end, it is planned to create cooperatives, with the support

of the program, to conduct activities to complement FO-2. To insure the success of the project, other actions have been planned, to be carried out in

the course of the planting campaign, with the direct participation of technicians from the Forestry Management Unit. It is noted that the project has

been in existence since 1978, but has been faced with various supply problems.

It should be stressed that the problems are diminishing, thanks to funding

from the MONAP program. [Text] [Beira DIARIO DE MOCAMBIQUE in Portuguse 1 Oct

85 p 2] 6362

UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL CABLES REPLACED—In the city of Beira, Mozambique

Electric is installing pressurized electrical cables along a 430 meter stretch

which runs from the location of transformer No 7 to No 79, next to the DIARIO

DE MOCAMBIQUE. The subsurface cable installation operation began last

18 September, and utilizes workers from Mozambique Electric and PROMAC. A

technician from Mozambique Electric who furnished us this information supplied

no details about when the project would be completed. He added, however, that

if nothing unforeseen occurs the project should not take more than a month.

The excavations of the roadway necessary for the emplacement of the new cables

make use of a portable drill and hammer, loaned by PROMAC to Mozambique

Electric. The replacement of subsurface electrical cable is a routine operation carried out by Mozambique Electric along several arteries in the city of

Beira. On some streets where the work is being done, traffic will be temporarily interrupted because of the transverse trenches being dug for the installation of the underground cables. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

5 Oct 85 p 3] 12,857/8918

TTA-METAVIA AIRLINE AGREEMENT—Next week, TTA Airlines is going to formalize

an agreement with the South African freight airline, METAVIA. The agreement,

which has for practical purposes already been in effect for the past year,

allows for the transport of passengers and cargo between Maputo and Nelspruit,

in South Africa, on regular flights of both airlines. Presently, this route

is serviced daily by a METAVIA plane with a five-passenger capacity. TTA,

whose planes play an important role in the economic development of the country,

has not yet been able to make available a plane to begin the connection with

South Africa, since its entire fleet has proven insufficient for the work

required in the various provinces. The headquarters of our airline confirmed

to us that the agreement with METAVIA will be formalized next week, allowing

fo*r the daily connection between the two cities, with 50 percent of the scheduled

flights provided by TTA. "We are making every effort to place an airplane on

this route, since this represents a source of revenue that we badly need in

order to provide maintenance for our planes," said a spokesman for TTA. [Text]

[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 5 Oct 85 p 1] 12,857/8918

53
SOVIET DONATION TO RED CROSS—The Red Cross of the Soviet Union offered its

Mozambican counterpart a considerable quantity of medications to help the

victims of natural disasters and armed bandits. The gift was handed over

by USSR Ambassador to Mozambique Yuriy Sepeyov and was accepted by Isaias

Funzamo, president of the Red Cross of Mozambique. Speaking on the occasion

of the delivery of these medications in a ceremony held last Friday at the

headquarters of the CVM [Red Cross of Mozambique] in Maputo, the Soviet

diplomat said that his government was concerned in view of the current situation of Mozambique which was created by natural disasters and armed bandits.

He also said that his country would continue to support Mozambique through

the Red Cross. Expressing appreciation for the humanitarian gesture of the

Soviet Red Cross, Isaias Funzamo said that the medical equipment which was

just received would help improve the people's health conditions and would

be used to aid the victims of natural disasters and the criminal actions of

the armed bandits. The gift which was turned over consists of miscellaneous

surgical material whose value has been calculated at about 565 contos. In

the meantime, a source at the CVM informed our reporter that a delegation

from that humanitarian institution will visit the USSR in response to an

invitation from its Soviet counterpart. [Text] [Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese

23 Sep 85 p 2] 5058

CSO: 3442/14

54
NAMIBIA

BRAZIL TO TRAIN TROOPS FOR SWAPO

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 Sep 85 p 5

[Text] Brazilian Ambassador Bernardo Pericahs Neto announced Saturday in

Luanda that Brazil will train men for SWAPO, the Namibian liberation

movement.

The Brazilian ambassador, speaking at the eighth conference of ministers of

nonaligned countries, said that the Brazilian government's decision to do so

followed earlier contacts between officials from Brasilia and SWAPO leaders.

The ambassador said, "Cooperative efforts between Brazil and SWAPO are now

under way with the participation of the Council for Namibia and other UN

bodies. He stressed that it is his government's intention to "broaden this

relationship, particularly in the area of human resources."

The Brazilian ambassador asserted that a solution of the Namibian problem

would have to include SWAPO and rejected any approach to the problem using

outside forces such as the Cuban troops in Angola (a situation which South

Africa has invoked in order to reject UN resolutions).

However, Sam Nujoma, the SWAPO leader, asked the nonaligned countries to

impose sanctions against South Africa and condemn Pretoria's Namibia policy,

claiming that the policy continues to exist only because of "a hypocritical

alliance between the United States Administration and the racist South

African regime."

The SWAPO leader summarized the organization's military operations and said

that consequences of these operations have resulted in "the headlong flight

of Western capital in the hands of partners who are now beginning to see

that the continued survival of the Pretoria regime is an illusion."

"Signs of distress in the apartheid regime are beginning to appear and

sooner or later, this inhuman system will come to an end," Nujoma

concluded.

8844/13046

CSO: 3442/13

55
NIGERIA

LAGOS COMMENTS ON TORY, THATCHER FAMILY INTERESTS IN RSA

AB041256 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 4 Nov 85

[Commentary by Collins Atoregbe]

[Text] The report by antiapartheid movements that some British parliamentarians have business enterprises in racist South Africe is not surprising.

But what is much more disturbing is that the husband of the British prime

minister as well as some cabinet ministers are also maintaining commercial

enterprises in South Africa. In short, the list shows that Mr Denis Thatcher

is director in more than two companies in South Africa, apart from being

partner in some others. From all indications it is now crystal clear that

the British prime minister's opposition to the imposition of sanctions against

the racist government was only an attempt to protect her party members and

the involvement of her family in efforts to sustain apartheid in South

Africa through cover-ups in government policy.

No wonder, therefore, that the Commonwealth conference in the Bahamas ended

without a firm resolution on the question of sanctions against the racist

regime in southern Africa. The undue sentimental attachment which the

British Government under Margaret Thatcher has toward the racist government

is nothing but a play to deceive the world that it was making alternative

plans to ensure the eradication of apartheid. This undue attachment and

Thatcher's unreasonable rejection of sanctions as a better way of forcing

apartheid to its knees nearly resulted into a stalemate during the recently

concluded Commonwealth meeting in which participants had to go into a retreat

to work out a mild sanction to the pleasure of the British Government.

The only meaning that could be deduced from all this is that members of the

Conservative Party in the British Parliament are much more interested in their

economic gains than the lives of the millions of blacks who are providing

cheap labor that helps to sustain their investment. All along, it is only

members of the British Labor Party that have shown enough concern about the

plight of blacks in South Africa. Some among them have taken part, especially when the racist leader declared a state of emergency in black townships, [sentence as heard] The attitude of British Prime Minister Thatcher

and her collaborators—the British commercial parliamentarians—is quite

regrettable, and does not support Britain's claim to democracy and human

rights advocator.

56
It could be remembered that when the Nigerian delegate to the Commonwealth

conference called on the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth, she expressed

her support for Nigeria's stand on the issue of apartheid, and declared

Botha's policy as a crime against humanity, which she said must be destroyed

completely. It will be welcomed, therefore, if the Queen would bring pressure to bear on the British Government to take a much more positive step

toward eradicating aparatheid. Unless this is done quickly, the British

Empire [as heard] will be isolated, and it could possibly turn out to be the

loser, from the way things are going on in South Africa. It is only fair

that these Britons also contribute to efforts aimed at creating equality for

the people whom they have helped to place under bondage through investment

in apartheid.

/6662

CSO: 3400/360

57
NIGERIA

CARTOGRAPHERS REQUEST ARMED FORCES AID IN CENSUS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 15 Oct 85 p 7

[Text]

THE Nigerian Cartographic Association

(NCA), has urged the

Federal Government to

involve the Armed

Forces in certain aspects

of the preparation of

maps so as not to jeopardise the security of the

nation.

In a communique

issued on Friday in

Kaduna at the end of its

seventh annual conference, the NCA suggested

that the Nigerian Air

Force should also be involved in the production

of aerial photographs.

The communique said

that the present practice

of awarding mapping

contracts to foreigners or

companies .was detrimental to the security

of the nation.

It observed that the expertise and resources for

mapping exist in the

country.

It'called for the review

of a government regulation which, it said stated

that private mapping

organisation must have

surveyors as principal

officers before they

could be recognised.

Arguing that Nigerian

Cartographers were

qualified to handle all

aspects of mapping

which it said, formed the

back-bone of national

planning, the communique noted that the regulation accounted for

lack of usiu suitable maps

for census and other development-oriented exercises.

It expressed concern at

what it described as neglect in the development

of high-level manpower

in cartography and called

for the introduction of a.

programme leading to

the award of decrees in

cartography by the

country's universities.

/8208

CSO: 3400/316

58
ABACHA DISCUSSES ARMED FORCES' MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS

NIGERIA

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 17 Oct 85 p 32

[Article by Umar Abdulkadir]

[Text]

ONE of the problem»

facing tho Nigerian

Army today ia the

maintenance of

equipment.

The Chief of Army Staff,

Major-General Sani

Abacha, made thia observation in Minna on Tuesday in

an address at the opening

of a four-day seminar by the

TRADOC (Training and

Doctrine) of the Nigerian

Army.

General Abacha

explained that the global

economic recession and the

nation's" poor external

reserve situation nad made

it more difficult to import

the much needed spare

parts for the army

equipment.

He said the problem of

equipment maintenance

had been an area which the

government had ieen

trying hard to grapple with

without much success.

The general said this was

evident in the number of

unserviceable vehicles lying

in many units and locations

of the Nigerian Army in the

country.

General Abacha

lamented that the bid to

modernise the army had

made it the single highest

consumer of very large

consignment of imported

equipment from both the

Western and. Eastern

nations.

. lie then said that

experienced personnel and

regular supply of spare

parts are needed for the

maintenance of such equipment to minimise the rate of

their deterioration.

The Chief of Armv Staff

further explained tt«ä;

"affective maintenance

system in the army cannot

be over-emphasised

because it is only with

battle worthy equipment

that the army can play its

constitutional role."

Tne present level ot

-naimenance to ensure the

constant worthiness of the

equipment had not attained

the much desired level of

efficiency due to either lack

of trained personnel or

misuse of the equipment,

he remarked.

The army chiefs speech

was read by the THAOOC

commander. Brigadier

Ajayi, a member of the

AFRC.

/8208

CSO: 3400/316

59
NIGERIA

ARMY RECRUITMENT BEGINS IN NOVEMBER

Enugu DAILY STAR in English 11 Oct 85 p 12

[Text] The 21st intake of the regular recruits into the Nigerian Army comes

up from November 1985 throughout the 19 states of the federation.

According to a statement from the army headquarters, Enugu, the recruitment

in Anambra State will take place at the 82 Division Headquarters and Signals,

Army Barracks, Abakaliki Road, Enugu.

The release stated that candidates who must be Nigerians should be between

17 and 25 years and should not be less than 1.65 metres (5ft. 6ins.) in

height as well as be free from any criminal conviction by a court of law.

It added that candidates should be holders of at least GCF or WASC, while

girls, in addition, must obtain a credit pass in biology and one other science subject at the school certificate level.

Candidates are to attend the recruitment exercise with original and photocopies of their credentials, birth certificates or sworn declaration of age,

six copies of passport photographs and evidence of local and state government

identification from an accredited local and state government signatory.

All candidates, the release adds, will be required to pass both the medical

and physical fitness tests. Candidates will also be required to face a

selection panel for oral tests.

At the end of the recruitment exercise, successful candidates will be conveyed to the Nigerian Army Depot, Zaria, on a date to be announced at the end

of the selection.

/ 82.08

CSO: 3400/316

60
NIGERIA

AIR DEFENSE BRIGADE FOR AKURE

Lagos DAILY TIMES in English 12 Oct 85 p 2

[Text] An air defence artilery brigade of the Nigerian Army has been established in Akure, the Commander of the Brigade, Lt.-Col. Idu Enonche, said

on Thursday in Akure.

He told the Ondo State Governor, CDR, Mike Akhigbe, during a courtesy visit

to the governor, that the 35 air defence artillery brigade was established

in Akure because Ondo State was the only state without a full military brigade.

Lt.-Col. Enonche said that some of his men had started moving into the state

capital and called on the state governor to assist in the provision of accommodation and transportation facilities.

The governor expressed gratitude to the Federal Government for the establishment of the brigade and called for the establishment of other militia services

to complement it.

/8208

CSO: 3400/316

61
NIGERIA

BRIEFS

GOVERNMENT SALARY CUTS—A member of the Armed Forces Ruling Council [AFRC],

Lieutenant Colonel John Shagaya, says the military administration has no

intention to extend the salary cuts announced yesterday to other public

organizations. He told [words indistinct] armed forces and the policy.

Colonel Shagaya, who is also the minister of internal affairs, gave this

indication at the end of a 2-day visit to establishments under his ministry

in the state. He said the salary cut which ranged from 2 and 1/2 percent

to 20 percent, was a demonstration of total commitment of the armed forces

[words indistinct] and equipment as the main problem facing the (?customs),

immigration, and the prisons departments under his ministry. The minister

announced that a board would soon be set up for the welfare promotion of

personnel under his ministry. Earlier, at the Sokoto prison, Colonel

Shagaya has announced that special diet for prisoners and detainees for

medical reasons had been abolished due to the abuse of the process. Henceforth, relations of inmates on special diet are not to provide their food.

[Text] [Kaduna Domestic Service in English 1700 GMT 30 Oct 85 AB] /6662

CSO: 3400/360

62
SENEGAL

CNTS MEMBERS OPPOSE AFFILIATION WITH SOCIALIST PARTY

Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 10-25 Oct 85 pp 6-7

[Article by Daouda Boye]

[Text] "No! CNTS [National Confederation of Senegalese Workers] first; PS

[Socialist Party] second." . That cry—shouted at the House of the Party last

6 October by one of the thousands of union delegates attending the Fifth CNTS

Congress and taken up later by others in the form of "We are are engaged not

in politics but in unionism"—says a lot about the way in which responsible

participation is perceived by the CNTS rank and file.

It must be admitted today that even though it has not resulted in any major

clashes so far, affiliation by the country's largest trade union with the

Socialist Party is posing more and more of a problem and causing growing

unrest within the CNTS. There seem to be two basic reasons for this change:

the fact that militants from the opposition have been reinstated in the CNTS

and financial difficulties, which are causing responsible participation to

lose all its credibility.

The fact is that just a few years ago, workers opposing CNTS affiliation with

the PS were absolutely refusing to have anything to do the confederation,

preferring to set up their own union structures. Those were the days of the

UTLS Colobane, the SDTS, and so on. But that proliferation of atomized unions

with a very low level of participation merely reflected the political

situation prevailing in the country because of the democratic opening-up. All

the more since the members of those unions were mostly active members of the

opposition or, at the very least, opponents of the PS. But because of the

poor results achieved, there has recently been a change in tactics. Those who

were and are opposed to CNTS affiliation with the PS are no longer ignoring

Madia Diop's confederation. On the contrary, they are joining it en masse.

According to their logic, the CNTS includes the vast majority of workers, and

they must therefore become part of it so as to work sensibly from within to

oppose affiliation and responsible participation.

Judging from the current situation, it seems that that approach is beginning

to bear some fruit. But the game is not over yet, since the PS still has a

card up its sleeve: the CNTS is poor. It depends on Diouf's party for

63
financial support and will continue to do so for a long time to come. The PS

will certainly not agree to put out millions in subsidies every year for a

union confederation that is putting a spoke in its wheel. For that matter,

regardless of what kind of scheme is adopted, the CNTS is not able now and

will not be able in the future to achieve its financial independence solely on

the basis of membership dues.

The second reason why the party's primacy over the CNTS is being challenged—

and it is by far the most important reason—is the financial difficulty being

experienced by the country's working masses. According to some delegates,

affiliation with the PS, which governs the country, has prevented neither a

dizzying deterioration in purchasing power for the workers nor improper

layoffs by some employers who pay no attention to labor legislation. Union

members have therefore realized that despite their confederation's affiliation

with the Socialist Party, they are in no way protected from labor cutbacks.

Clarification

In any case, tension was so intense that the CNTS' leadership bodies were

forced to take the new situation into account. The final resolution of the

fifth congress openly recognizes this by asking in particular that the

principles governing affiliation be reviewed and clarified. The same

resolution mentions that although affiliation has had positive results, the

fact remains that things are no longer what they were. This passage in the

resolution shows implicitly that nothing can be as it was before in relations

between the PS and the CNTS, even though the authors of the motion know full

well that any redefinition of affiliation should give priority to the

interests of the party.

It now remains to be seen whether, as this congress ends, the rope of

affiliation that is now drawn tight will break or grow more slack.

11798

CSU: 3419/36

64
SENEGAL

WADE DENIES TOURE HAS QUIT PARTY

Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 10-25 Oct 85 p 8

[Article by Y. Nd.]

[Text] Moustapha Toure has resigned from the PDS [Senegalese Democratic

Party]. The secretary general of the National Urban Transport Union is said

to be reproaching the party leader, Abdoulaye Wade, for having visited him

only once since his imprisonment following the strike by drivers (see WAL

FADJRI No 36).

Since the above information, being based on rumor, is unreliable, we attempted

to verify it. When contacted by telephone, Wade denied it. He told us: Mr

Toure has not resigned from the PDS." Wade went on say in substance that he

[Toure] was simply negotiating, on orders from his party, and that it was not

impossible that he would rejoin the CNTS [National Confederation of Senegalese

Workers]. Wade pointed out that it is possible to be a member of the union

confederation affiliated with the PS [Socialist Party] while also being active

in an opposition party. In short, the PDS leader informed us that the

minister of state for equipment had accepted all the strikers' demands except

those of a political nature—among them those concerned with the high cost of

living.

The catch is that it is difficult to reconcile responsible participation by

the CNTS with the wind of opposition. As a union confederation affiliated

with the PS, the CNTS protects both the interests of the workers and those of

the government. That being the case, can it serve as an operational framework

for a union whose sympathies are known to lie with the PDS? Difficult, Wade

would retort, but not impossible.

While waiting to witness that cohabitation against nature, Moustapha Toure

still has a year to spend in the "citadel of silence" unless his negotiations

reach a happy conclusion. Thanks to him, in any case, those of his fellow

strikers who escaped repression are back on the road. All the same, his

release would help take the edge off an atmosphere that is more than tense.

11798

CSO: 3429/36

65
SEHEGAL

BANNING OF ADS SCORED

Dakar WAL FADJRI in French 10-25 Oct 85 pp 8-9

[Text] The Rubicon of radicalization was crossed last A September with the

banning of the Senegalese Democratic Alliance (ADS). That step, of which the

current chairman of the ADS, Abdoulaye Bathily, was informed by the minister

of interior, is justified only because, according to the minister, the

alliance "has objectives falling within the realm of the normal activities of

political parties." As a result, it must "comply with the formalities of

registration as provided by Law No 81.17 dated 6 May 1981 relative to

political parties."

The response from the alliance is that the ADS is not a political party. It

is merely "the designation of the framework for dialogue among our parties,

each of which retains its independent existence on the political and legal

levels." In short, the ADS is perceived by its leaders as being an informal

grouping. Since it is no more than a framework for dialogue among legally

established parties, is it compulsory to apply for legal recognition? That is

the question being asked by the parties in question, which emphasize that

"only the election law prohibits coalitions among political parties.

Interpretation

Moreover, the ADS comittee has tried to draw the minister's attention to the

existence of "many associations which have a stated political purpose but are

not subject to the provisions of Law No 81.17." They include the Nation and

Development Club, GRESEN, COSAPAD, CONAGRISAPAD, and, just recently, the

"Friends of Jean Baptiste Collin," says the committee—which neglects to

mention Suxxali Rew Mi, perhaps because opposition solidarity has its rules.

There is certainly a problem of interpretation as far as the law of 6 May 1981

is concerned. And based on the arguments we have heard on both sides, it can

be suggested that both parties are right, even if the ADS is entitled to

demand the same treatment as that accorded the other informal groups. That is

where democracy begins.

11798

CSO: 3419/36

66
SIERRA. LEONE

SPECULATION ON STEVENS' MOTIVES FOR RETIRING

London TALKING DRUMS in English 21 Oct 85 pp 12-13

[Article by Kofi Andoh]

[Text]

In spite of understandable attempts by the

largely partisan Sierra Leonean press to

play down the significance of the resignation of President Siaka Stevens, the issue

continues to arouse passions in several

quarters and resurrects the dormant

themes of democracy and/or

totalitarianism in Sierra Leone and Africa

in general. Furthermore it brings into

sharp focus the continued dominance of

the All Peoples' Congress of Sierra

Leonean politics.

Ex-President Siaka Stevens has been

variously described as a stayer, a flamboyant leader and the father of Sierra

Leone. In his chequered political career,

he successfully slithered through many

straits; he survived imprisonment, house

arrest, army interregnum, assassination

and coup attempts. His contemporaries

included Presidents Houphouet-Boigny of

Ivory Coast, Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire,

Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia, Jawara of

Sene-Gambia and Julius Nyerere of

Tanzania. Like them, he is an

acknowledged elder statesman of Africa

and like them he also rules in a one-party

political system.

In terms of political temperament and

ideological inclination, they are all

moderates, with strong capitalist bent and

are, all non-aligned. (On the part of the

west). Collectively, their rule are punctuated by periodic civil unrests, gross

economic mismanagement, administrative incompetence, general lack of

direction, and above all corruption. The

exits from the political arena, are

remembered more for their suppressive

and totalitarian policies than for any feelings of nostalgia.

However, like these despots, exPresident Stevens' resignation assumes

significance for various reasons.

As already stated the resignation should

never be mistaken for a demonstration of

the virility of the democratic process in

the country. Rather, it confirms the opposite. Even in retirement, he excercises

enormous power in the choice of his successor. General Momoh. What this indicates is that, baring the unexpected.

President Stevens could have chosen to

rule forever. His resignation is therefore

the condescending act of a political tinGod, and confirms the fact that

democracy still seems illusory in Africa

and, that political pluralism, tolerance,

accountability and probity are unattainable ideals on the continent.

And just as expected, reactions to

President Stevens' resignation have been

varied. Within opposition ranks, the reaction ranged from elation to skepticism.

Elation, in the sense that it marks the first

stage in the struggle to institutionalise

democracy in the country, inasmuch as

the ex-president symbolised totalitarianism in Sierra Leone. Skepticism in the

sense that the resignation might not represent any significant change in political

character and policies. At best, it is just a

musical chair exercise whose impact

67
would be insignificant in terms of the expected reforms.

To the party faithful, the resignation

comes as a call to close ranks. whiNt 10

others it is an opportunity to advance personal political ambitions. To the outMde

world, the resignation is a healthy comment on the political maturity of the

leadership of the country, as it marked a

departure from the rule. However, this is

slightly diffused by the fact that the new

leader, far from being an acceptable

leader, comes from the ranks of the

military and marks an unhealthy trend in

the politics of the country.

It is pertinent to question the reasons

behind Stevens' resignation. Officially.

the resignation is on health grounds.

However, it is felt within certain circles

that the resignation confirms and signifies

the ex-President's loss of grip on the

political and economic life of Sierra

Leone. In other words, it indicates an admission of failure in the management of

the economic and political life of the

country. Furthermore, the timing of the

resignation when opposition is gradually

mounting, makes it difficult to escape the

conviction that Stevens' bowing out, is not

due to increased pressure, and the inability to cope with increased demands for

reforms.

If this view is true, then President

Stevens' decision to quit was influenced

by instincts of self-preservation. Those

who hold this view cite the circumstances

surrounding his intended resignation in

1982. Then as was alleged, the muior

determinant factor in his resignation was

the September 1981 labour strike which

had several casualties and deaths and

which led to a humiliation of the president

when he was booed and nearly assaulted

at Makem, in the Northern Province ot

Sierra Leone.

Another view — the one mostly believed - links the resignation with a deal

with the army. The army has always been

very powerful in Sierra Leonean politics

and since 1968. when Stevens assumed

power, it has been playing a behind-thescenes role. It is widely known that exPresident Stevens managed to come this

far because of his ability to walk the

delicate tightrope of playing the game

according to the dictates of the military

and aligning the same forces

on his side against the opposition. The choice of General

Momoh therefore pre-empted a

military take-over in the wake

of unprecedented economic hardships, the result of a devaluation which created an uneven

distribution of its impact.

Whichever speculation or view is true,

the major consequences of the resignation

would not be in the upsurge of opposition

or the decline in the fortunes of the APC.

The opposition is not likely to make any

impact in the political life of the country.

It is still disorganised, lacks popular base

and presents no visible threat to the institutionalised one-party rule of the APC.

There is though, no denying the fact

that the resignation and the election of

General Momoh eases the way for the

coven take-over of the country by the

military. To the APC, though, if General

Momoh does not become a turncoat, its

only major loss would have been its

father-figure and national leader.

It must be noted that in the final

analysis, the resignation makes room at

the top and within the party, for young

contenders. The snag is that, in spite of

the resignation, the status quo remains

unchanged — Africa is still a long way

from the democratisation of its political

institutions, and Sierra Leone, for that

matter still remains in the political

backwoods.

/9317

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68
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY EXAMINES REAGAN-GORBACHEV SUMMIT

MB140910 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 14 Nov 85

[Station Commentary: The Reagan-Gorbachev Summit]

[Text] For Southern Africa the summit meeting between President Reagan and

Soviet leader Gorbachev is of more than the usual interest because of the

American leader's decision to place regional conflicts on the agenda.

Mr Reagan has now confirmed that he will raise the subject of superpower

involvement in such conflicts. That undertaking, given against the

background of growing support in the American administration and congress

for aid to UNITA, promises to raise the question of Cuban military activity

in Angola for the first time to the level of a leadership dispute between

the superpowers.

Nevertheless not too much should be expected of the summit in Geneva next

week—the first to be held in six years. The strong public statements to

prepare the atmosphere in advance have virtually said as much.

Mr Reagan has made it clear that he is determined not to allow more of

the one-sided gains that many commentators believe have tended to flow

to the Soviet Union from previous such encounters.

A pillar of his international policy as president has been his belief that

the West must regain past losses in order for a more equitable—and

therefore more stable--relationship between East and West to emerge.

As for Mr Gorbachev, as a new and untested leader in a system which deals

harshly with weakness in the political hierarchy, he probably could not

afford to make major concessions even if he wished to do so.

Judging by their public statements the Soviets are evidently going to

try to restrict the agenda to nuclear disarmament, the sphere in which

they most need to upset present developments.

Their inability to match the United States in developing the expensive

strategic defence initiative—the Star Wars programme—makes that their

main preoccupation at the moment, while their superiority in offensive

69
nuclear missiles enables them to offer seemingly generous percentage cuts

and still remain well ahead.

The United States on the other hand wants to broaden the agenda to include

the most important areas in which superpower relations are being disrupted

to the detriment of international stability.

Mr Reagan believes these areas are nuclear disarmament, matters affecting

bilateral relations, human rights and regional conflict. Since Soviet

activities can stand up least to scrutiny in human rights and regional

issues, Moscow is naturally rejecting the American approach.

Mr Reagan said last week he would not abandon the Strategic Defence

Initiative, which was a defensive system, and not an offensive one.

At best no doubt the world must hope that the mere fact that the leaders

of the two most powerful nations are meeting to end a six-year stand-off

will give some impetus to efforts to reduce mutual suspicions and create

greater understanding.

For smaller countries that are in the arena of surrogate superpower

confrontations, perhaps the raising of their plight by the United States

president will at least induce the Soviets to act with greater circumspection.

/12858

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70
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY STRESSES ROLE OF MODERATE LEADERSHIP

MB080644 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 8 Nov 85

[Station Commentary: "Strengthening the Moderate Consensus"]

[Text] That there is a great need in this country for closer communication

among groups and political factions, for tackling the misunderstandings

and resentments that separate even those most sincerely committed to

peaceful change, is beyond dispute. It is curious therefore that so much

fuss continues to be made in some quarters about the importance of

negotiating, not with those groups, but with a body whose leaders state

repeatedly that they reject the very notion of peaceful negotiation. It

is more than curious; it is also dangerous, as a leading opposition member

of parliament warned this week.

Mr Harry Schwarz, finance spokesman for the Progressive Federal Party, was

remarking on the sudden enthusiasm for trying to negotiate with those

views were furthest from what was really wanted. One must be careful, he

said that the constituency of moderates is not destroyed in the black

community by our action. In ignoring them and looking purely to the

extremists for negotiation and leadership. Among moderate leaders with

proven support in all communities an implicit consensus already existed.

If leadership in South Africa just sat down and communicated, Mr Schwarz

said, they would find that there was much more in common than they believe.

It is in giving formal expression to that consensus, beyond the immediate

need to remove discrimination and carry through socioeconomic reforms,

that the real challenge to South Africa lies. The success achieved in

the endeavour will ultimately determine this country's political destiny.

Individual rights, material welfare, cultural autonomy, the security of

minorities...all will depend on how that particular process, conducted

inside the country and among its own acknowledged leaders, unfolds.

The realisation of these goals will be the legacy of the moderate forces—of

the believers in peaceful resolution of disputes and the legitimate claims

of all South Africans. And it is in this sphere—in promoting the

understanding and cooperation through which the latent moderate consensus

may become an overwhelming active agent in national politics—that concerned

South Africans may best make their contribution.

71
As for the prospects that would arise, few are as well qualified to

comment as Mr Gavin Relly of Anglo-American, who led the business

delegation that visited Lusaka recently. Provided an acceptable majority

of South Africans could find the means to come to agreeable conclusions,

Mr Relly said in a newspaper interview this week, an internationally

acceptable solution would be found without ANC participation. He might

have added that in the long run that was also the only way to reach a

settlement with which South Africans themselves would want to live. If

that were achieved, then it does not matter what the ANC thinks, Mr Relly

concluded.

A desire to make some contribution in these troubled times is praiseworthy.

South Africa is greatly enriched by those people who want to do something

to help, however little. But if they are to help rather than hinder the

task of the peacemakers and reformers, their efforts should be directed

at the right targets.

/12858

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72
PROFESSOR SCHLEMMER DISCUSSES IDEA OF NEGOTIATING SOLUTION

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 1 Nov 85 p 20

[Text]

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS generally

want an end to white |

government and its j

replacement by popu-:'

. lar rule, while whites

are not prepared, to

abdicate power.,

,; It is on this "rock";

[ that the idea of negotiat-

. ing a solution to South

Africa's problems;

! founders, says Professor

Lawrence Schlemmer,

director of the Centre.

^for Applied Social Sei-*

i ences at the University ;

of Natal in Durban. -. -A

"Possibly the two ma«-!

'. jor protagonists — the ^

present government: of \

the National Party, and •

the ANC — will have to-\

fight each other to a

point of mutual exhaustion before a spirit con-?*

ductive to compromise!

will emerge," he told the-]

-. annual conference of the.

Federated Chamber ofi

Industries in the city thisi

/week. '• •

;

. •;"'. ^''j -A»fi.4

^ "This would take^

'South Africa into a full- I

, blown Lebanon-type sit-,:

! nation in the process—!]

: a situation from which •

: the economy will take i

\ decades to recover." -'•- " %

r\ For this reason; the'j

] private- sector;: had "to 1

Make.its role asa.catalyst^

£for^peaceful;:negotiätion;;

• and change and compro-'j

»mise more seriously. It j

-would have to work far-f

.harder at opening-up-j

r channels of communica- |

Ltion between itself andjj

^the Government, at pro« i

Emoting the freedom of j

^association which went}

„with.free enterprise:and j

*- at ^providing more re-1

i>sources for sophisticated*}

I debate about the future, i

fX He told industrialists i

fi.that their task was made |

foiore difficult by a con- '■■

cept of liberation which.r?

:

: had developed along the-.\

; lines of the decolonisa- •-:

L tion modej iw the rest of j

':'. Africa. f;£t.v-;?!|iVj^tVfÜf^^

/""-""It would appear that •

•• the expectation is that ;

negotiations will not be *

\ about a share in the 'sys- A

-.. tern,', but its!oblitera-y

f tion^" said Dr Schlem-

'; men ' '' •

:

"A perception has

* taken hold that any ves-~

• tige of white minority

^safeguards will rep-^

'resent the persistence off

if apartheid.'The image ofj

Iliberation is one of a

''^white policy and admin*

Eistration entirely re^

placed by black or popu-r

rlarrule."

f _^The dominant think-

[ ing among the perpetrar

; tors of black uprisingshad evolved, since the;

S^ANC Defiance Cam*«

r

paign of the 1950s. In |

£1976/71 ithad.taken.on ai

< "liberal democratic";

j dimension —' not dissi- j

- milar to that of white .;.

w business now. - "*"?

.-• . In 1985, said.Dr.'

.Schlemmer, the dominant mobilising ideology;

:}s anti-capitalist and pro^

socialist;" -.! i' • .

J

\*s.

fp*fYHe warned whites.;

73
agninst putting too much

faith in any process.of

negotiation, while totally discounting the

alternatives of crushing

black resistance and of

reaching stability

through gradual reform.

"Reform, if it is to

succeed in winning

blacks across in support

of existing South African institutions, will

have to be well nigh total in its effect and very

swiftly introduced."

It would have to be

introduced fast and dra-,

matically enough to

transform the Ijves and

consciousness of the po-~"

litical classes in the

' townships. This type of

reform was impossible

in this country where the

Government spent so

much time persuading a

jconservative white electorate to accept change

that it was disappointing

and out of date by the

time it was implemented. '

At present the Government was looking at

a division of power, said

Dr Schlemmer. Eventually it would get

around to talking of

power-sharing.

"To major black participants.-with the exception of Inkatha, this

will probably be perceived to represent the

continuation of undemocratic political priviledge."

The Government's

latest proposal of a federal system based on

race would not work, he,

said, and at best it

should be seen only as

an interim measure.

"It might be said that

we have to move switflyh

towards a society which

is open, but fully-integrated, and with full political participation by

all, but which at the

; same time offers whites

; and their major political

i formations a guarantee

; of effective power in re-

' gard to policies which

, affect them."

/8309

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74
SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL DEATH RATE UP SINCE EMERGENCY

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Nov 85 p 2

[Article by Nkopane Makobane]

[Text ] THE death rate in politi-~

cal violence countrywide :

has more than doubled ;

since the state of emergency was declared, says ;

the South African Insti- •

tute of Race Relations.

According to the institute, deaths from all

causes (including accidental deaths and unknown causes) have increased from an average

of 1.66 a day to 3,41 a

day.

However, says the institute, the death rate in

political violence has

been drastically reduced

in the Port Elizabeth/'• Uitenhage area and on

the East Rand since the

emergency was declared

on July 21.

Natal and the Western Cape, have replaced

Port Elizabeth/Uitenhage and the East Rand

as the epicentres of political violence. There is

no state of emergency in

Natal, while the Western Cape was placed under emergency regulations on October 26.

The institute says the

'death rate in the Port

Elizabeth/Uitenhage has

been cut from an average of 0,56 a day in the

pre-emergency period to

,0,16 a day after the

emergency. On the East

Rand it had declined

from 0,47 to 0,17.

The total number of

fatalities in the 14

months since the violence erupted in the

, Vaal Triangle in September last year was

: 834, This compared with

Tfigure of 700 in the i6

t months after Soweto

i erupted in June 1976.

;"• The security force accounted for 53 percent

of all fatalities and

clashes between the

residents for 29 percent.

According to the institute's latest Race Relations Survey, which has

just been released, conflict within black community has become increasingly common.

/8309

CSO: 3400/398

75
SOUTH AFRICA

BAPTISTS IN CALL TO DISMANTLE APARTHEID

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 25 Oct 85 p 9

[Text ] THE Baptist Church has

called on the State

President, Mr P W Botha,

to dismantle apartheid.

A letter to Mr Botha,

which was adopted at

the church's Union Assembly in George last

weekend, said apartheid

was an "evil which

needs to be repented

of".

It added that the state

of emergency had failed

to halt unrest because it

did not address the basic

causes leading to it

The Assembly called

for:

•The full participation of all in the policymaking process in a unitary state.

• Urgent attention to

be given to the provision

of equal educational

facilities and standards

in one national educational system.

• The abolition of

pass laws and the Group

Areas Act.

" •The police force and

army to conform to the

highest standards of dis

cipline, and that those

who breach it be brought

to justice.

•The Population Registration Act to be

amended to eliminate

all reference to race and

colour.

•The release of all

detainees, return of exiles and the unbanning

of persons and organizations.

The Assembly urg«

Mr Botha to talk to

leaders who are recognized as "authentic".

The letter said: "We

deeply feel that our

society needs to be drastically re-structured,

and we call for you, Sir,

to give strong leadership

in this direction.

"We pledge our

prayers for you and all

who will have a hand in

establishing a truly righi teous nation."

/8309

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76
SOUTH AFRICA

PAC DEFINES FASCIST NATURE OF PRETORIA REGIME

EA131241 Dar es Salaam Voice of PAC in English 1815 GMT 12 Nov 85

[From the Pan African Congress [PAC] program]

[Text] Sons and daughters of Africa, compatriots, and friends. This is

the Voice of the Pan-Africanist Congress of Azania coming your way from

the studios of the external service of Radio Tanzania here in Dar es Salaam.

We are on the air every Monday,'Wednesday, and Friday at 6:15 in the

morning, every Tuesday and Thursday at 8:15 in the evening, and every

Saturday evening at 10:45—all Azanian times. We can be found on 1035 Khz

in the medium band and in the 31 meter band shortwave. [words indistinct]

Revolutionary greetings, fellow compatriots. Welcome again to yet another

of our usual 15-minute broadcasts at this time. The steps being taken by

the settler colonialists in occupied Azania today ring out to the open

what exactly is settler colonialism in essence. The well-known police

terrorist tactics, detentions without trial, arbitrary and forced removal

of people from their places of birth are all characteristics of a typical

fascist state. Today's program takes a look into this similarity between

settler colonialism and fascism. But before we continue, let us listen

to this revolutionary message from the APLA [Azania People's Liberation

Army—FBIS] combatants. [revolutionary song]

These days the world has continually condemned the white settler minority

regime in occupied Azania for one inhuman act or the other. This [word

indistinct] is now [word indistinct] in that more and more people are

demanding a positive action against the regime. This has been proved

very recently when the regime announced that it is banning radio and tv

coverage of the ongoing resistance struggle waged by the dispossessed

and oppressed masses of Azania. The action by the international community

was such that even those regarded as toeing a reconciliatory line with

the regime were vehemently denouncing it and were calling for tough measures

to be taken against the regime. What remains now is how to approach or

tackle this (? menace).

If faced with a problem a rationally thinking man will try and understand

it thoroughly, thus have all facts at his hand before trying to solve it.

Armed with the data of all these details it is easy to note that the

77
settler colonialists do not regard human values. The fascist conception

of the state is false and racist. Outside of it no human or spiritual

values can exist, much less have value. Thus understood, fascism is

totalitarian and the fascist state interprets, develops, and [words

indistinct]. Those words were written by none other than Benito Mussolini,

the head of the state in fascist wartime Italy. Looked into carefully it

will be realized that, more or less, the racist state in South Africa

goes on very similar lines.

From its beginning the racist state began to draw up complex systems

designed to interpret the position of the indigenous Africans so as to

develop for them a social system that will suit the interpretation. This

is the core of the state like racist South Africa. The main problem of

such a state is to make sure that its plan goes accordingly. Therefore,

among the recurrent structural features of a totalitarian state, is that

of [word indistinct] phenomenon of police terror will be found in the

positive value attached to the readiness to resort to violence by the

state. In short, the ever present threat of police terror tends to

function as an important institutional mechanism for ensuring conformity.

Police terror also serves to reinforce the (? earlier) claims to power.

This is no longer necessary for us despite the bitter repression the

Africans in Azania have suffered over the years and are still suffering

from today. This is because it is now a well known [word indistinct] and

we can [words indistinct].

We should now address ourselves to the issue of how to go about destroying

this evil system and [passage indistinct].

More important still may be the recognition of the potential threat

to the position of the elite which the military while minimizing its

danger, the elite is forced to undertake measures which will make the

armed forces politically secure. The inclusion of party influence within

the military is, indeed, one of the observable characteristics in the

history of totalitarianism. Hence, in racist South Africa today we find

a number of military officers holding strategic political posts, like

Magnus Malan.

We can cite a number of similarities between settler colonialism in

occupied Azania and classical fascism. But for the purpose of this

program, if those who are aware of the nature of the regime and as such

they must have identified areas best suitable for their support. [sentence

as heard] Proper approach to any problem removes all elements of confusion

and brings about a permanent solution. [revolutionary song]

/12858

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78
SOUTH AFRICA

NP CONGRESS RECOMMENDS LIFTING RESTRICTIONS FOR INDIANS

Cape Town DIE NASIONALIS in Afrikaans Sep 85 p 3

[Report on Orange Free State NP (National Party) Congress, in "Relations"

section: "Indians in Free State"]

[Text] The Free State National Party Congress in Bloemfontein recommended by

an overwhelming majority the repeal of the exclusion of Indians in the Free

State. Only b out of the almost 500 congress participants voted against the

proposal by the Free State executive committee. The recommendation to repeal

Chapter XXXIII of the old Free State Code of Law places the Free State in the

same legal position as the other provinces, since residential regulations will

be set only by the Group Areas Act from now on.

With that, a bone of contention of many years has been removed from the Free

State (and South African) politics.

The scope of that chapter of the old Code of Law was that colored people of

Arabic or Asiatic descent (thus including Indians and Chinese)

—could not remain in the Free State for more than 2 months;

—could not own property in the Free State; and

—were not allowed to trade or farm there.

Due to political developments, which started with the recognition of Dr H.F.

Verwoerd in 1961 of Indians as permanent South African citizens, which

gradually led to their full participation in the country's parliamentary

decision-making processes, their continued exclusion from an entire province

of the country was no longer feasible.

But even before the new Constitution went into effect, the then leader of the

NP in the Free State, the late Dr Nak van der Merwe, appointed a commission to

study the matter further, .pa

Findings

The commission was chaired by the current leader in the Free State and

Minister of Justice Kobie Coetsee, and it consulted widely with elected

79
leaders in the Free State in various areas. The commission recently reported

to the Executive Committee of the NP in the Free State.

It was found, amongst other things, that:

the old Code of Law, in today's terms, is vague and confusing and utilizes

obsolete terms;

the Group Areas Act was meanwhile put into effect to guarantee group

identity and group security; and

—the group character of the South African society is protected by the new

Constitution.

The Executive committee unanimously recommended to the congress that Chapter

XXXIII of the old Free State Code of Law be repealed. The congress attendants

voted overwhelmingly in favor of that proposal.

This decision of the congress proves two things: First that the Nationalists

of the Free State and of South Africa are not obsessed by traditions of the

past, but are prepared to judge every matter on its merit in the light of new

circumstances. And secondly, that the democracy is once again alive and

healthy in the National Party.

The NP is prepared to consult widely with all interested parties, and

ultimately final decisions on important matters will be submitted to the party

congress.

The National Party continues to be purposeful, dynamic and democratic.

8700

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80
SOUTH AFRICA

WINNIE MANDELA SET TO DEFY GOVERNMENT ORDER

MB090927 Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Nov 85 p 1

[By Rich Mkhondo]

[Text] Mrs Winnie Mandela appears set to defy a government order to

return to Brandfort—the Free State town to which she was banished in 1977.

THE STAR has reliably learned that she will move into her house at Orlando

West in Soweto—but only after her husband Mr Nelson Mandela has been

discharged from the Volks Hospital in Cape Town where he recently underwent

surgery.

Mrs Mandela should have returned to Brandfort by November 4 at the latest

or to have contacted a magistrate to relax the order which restricts her

movements and activities. It is understood she has failed to comply with

this regulation.

Last week the security police sent a letter to Mrs Mandela advising her to

return to Brandfort or face charges under the Internal Security Act.

The letter dated November 1 was sent to her lawyer, Mr Ismail Ayob. It

read: "Please take note that Mrs Winnie Mandela's house in Brandfort has

been repaired and she is required to return to it on or before November 4."

"Failure to comply with this requirement may result in action being taken

against her in terms of provisions under the Internal Security Act."

The letter was signed by District Commandant of Brandfort, Brigadier

G.M. Erasmus.

/12858

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81
SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL SCIENTIST COMMENTS ON 'BLACK THEOLOGY'

Capt Town CAPE TIMES in English 30 Oct 85 p 13

[Text] MARITZBURG. — A treason trial

State witness said yesterday that although Black Theology did not per se

relate to revolution, the ANC had reconciled Christianity with a committal

to violence.

Mr Isaak de Vries, a lectuer in political science, told the Supreme

Court here that only when theology

justified the use of violence did it

enter the field of revolution.

Mr De Vries, who was giving evidence in the trial of 16 United Democratic Front leaders, had been asked

by the State to analyse some of the

evidence given during the trial, and to

comment on Black Theology.

'Mobilize masses''

He said that the question of Black

Theology was frequently dealt with in

revolutionary literature. Mr De Vries

quoted an ANC publication in which

there was a call for the church to

associate closely with the poor and

the oppressed and to join in with the

"compatriots'* to "mobilize the

masses in South Africa".

Mr De Vries also said that Mr Oliver

Tambo, leader of the ANC, had

claimed that many churchmen were to

be found in the ANC.

Yesterday the judge, Mr Justice A J

Milne, expressed concern about the

fact that in some instances words in

the transcripts and translations of

video recordings of meetings addressed by some of the accused were

more offensive than those in the videos themselves.

The leader of the defence, Mr Ismail

Mohamed, SC, said the problem was

far worse in the case of sound recordings, where the court was not assisted

in its corrections by lip movements

and gestures.

A seventh video was screened in

court yesterday, in which accused Mr

Mewa Ramgobin allegedly said Mr

Nelson Mandela would one day become ruler of South Africa, in the

same way as Mr B J Vorster, who was

"interned by the Smuts Government

for anti-State activities", became

prime minister.

Mr Ramgobin, who was addressing a

Release Mandela Committee meeting

in July last year in Soweto. allegedly

said the human race should remain

grateful for people like Mr Mandela.

'Govt guilty'

"It was the conditions in South

Africa perpetrated by the government

that caused people to take up arms.

"We unashamedly believe that it is

the South African Government that is

guilty of treason, that it is the South

African Government that is guilty of

terrorism.

"When the politics of negotiation

and protest were virtually made impossible by the actions of this government with the banning ofthe ANC and

the implementation of many more repressive laws, then the Mandelas believed that the only language this regime understands is the language that

they themselves taught the people."

The trial continues today. — Sapa

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82
SOUTH AFRICA

SABC COMMENTARY DEFENDS EXPANSION OF POLICE

MB120533 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 12 Nov 85

[Station Commentary: "A Larger Police Force"]

[Text] The decision to increase the size of the South African police by

40,000 men in the next 10 years deals with a manifest shortcoming in the

maintenance of law and order in this country; that is, the inadequacy of a

force too thinly spread to be an effective presence wherever needed. The

accusation that South Africa is a police state is, literally, absurd. At

its present strength the force represent 1.9 policemen for every 1000 of

the population. By comparison, the figure in Western countries like

Britain, France, and northern Ireland is between 2 and 3 times as high,

and that in Eastern European countries between 10 and 15 times. From

the evidence of such comparisons, and the findings of an independent

investigation undertaken locally, it has been determined that the ratio

in South Africa ought to be approximately twice what it is now. As is

to be expected the local situation also presents its own particular

problems: the merging of First and Third World ways of life, wide differences

of language and culture, and the size of the country.

The shortcoming has been clear for years. Black residents of the fast

growing urban areas complained of the high incidence of ordinary crime

there. There were simply not enough policemen on patrol duty to maintain

the kind of presence that is often sufficient in itself to deter would-be

-criminals. And the consequences of such a situation are obviously greatly

magnified in a time of unrest, when intimidation and incitement to

violence are rife. As Western countries have found, by far the most

acceptable approach in dealing with mass violence is the deployment of

overwhelming numbers of policemen. The violent provocations that took

place during the British mineworkers strike were most effectively quashed

when it proved possible to send in large numbers of properly equipped men

in uniform, capable of rounding up miscreants in their dozens and removing

them from the scene. The degree of force required to be used by

officialdom to restore order is thus reduced to a minimum. Such an approach

is out of the question when a handful of policemen faces the daunting task

of bringing an aggressive mob under control. South Africa's dilemma was

tragically highlighted by the Langa shooting at Uitenhage when 19 people

died in a confrontation in which fears arose for the lives of the small

83
police contingent present. No doubt there will be those who will exploit

any expansion of the South African police as a sign of oppression. The

answer to them is that democratic reform, free of intimidation, can take

place only in a stable atmosphere in which all citizens are assured that

law and order will be maintained. For that, a well trained and equipped—and

appropriately manned—police force is a precondition.

/12858

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84
SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO FREEDOM ON RSA DEFENSE FORCES

EA110413 Dar es Salaam Radio Freedom in English 1815 GMT 8 Nov 85

[Unattributed Commentary]

[Text] One of the main objectives of the apartheid regime's president

council is to throw as many Indian and colored youth into the South African

death fire. It is through this sinister move that P.W. Botha wants to

present his mercenaries as a so-called multiracial army representing

all South Africa. The incorporation of Indians and Coloreds to the

apartheid war machine must be seen in the context of the apartheid regime's

attempts to win the hearts and minds of the people, more especially the

Colored and Indian community as junior partners in the maintenance of the

apartheid system and racial superiority, again as a response to increasing

manpower shortage in the South African racist defense force.

In recent years the South African defense force has also been keenly

bringing large numbers of Africans into the apartheid defense force,

mainly to alleviate manpower shortages, to reduce the level of white

casualties in the front line and provide (? troops) which in Botha's

[words indistinct] are likely to win the hearts and minds of the majority

of the people thus guaranteeing the security of the apartheid regime and

that of the white minority.

One of the most notorious units of the South African Defense Force, the

21 Battalion consisting of African men who have been recruited to the

apartheid system from the Bantustan and from the ranks of the unemployed

in the black urban areas. This notorious unit is based in [words

indistinct] near Johannesburg. This force was set up as a permanent force

in 1974 with its main purpose being to train the Bantustan army. These

black soldiers whether from the urban areas or from the Bantustan death

camps are paid less than their white counterparts. They are discriminated

in status and condition. These groups are also sent to the so-called

operational areas in Namibia.

According to the racist regime the main task of black soldiers is to

influence the local population. Parades, parents days, festivals, and

official visits by black puppets to the 21 Battalion Camp are used by the

apartheid regime as a propaganda campaign to win more blacks into the

85
apartheid war machine. However, it has now come to the fore that Botha

and his generals have failed in their exercise. Besides hostility towards

black troops in the townships has been overwhelming and soldiers and

their families are being moved from black residential areas and resettled

in the backywards of police stations and army barracks, for their own

protection from the fighting people of our country.

The frequent use of these troops to suppress the demands of the people

has put them in the same position with the police in our daily struggle

by the majority of the oppressed.

Compatriots, we have more often than not called upon our brothers who are

wearing the uniform of apartheid because of hunger and indoctrination to

stop pointing their weapons against their fellow people. We have, on

many occasions, appealed to them to desert their apartheid army and join

the fighting ranks of the peoples army umkhonto we sizwe. It seems

however that our pleas are falling on deaf ears. Now it is our duty, as

we have done with the police in our area, to get rid of these murderers.

There is no place in our area for collaborators and murderers. The

presence of black troops in the racist army is not in [word indistinct]

an obstacle to our call for mass united action. It is these sellers

who are informing their bosses about our activities and the activities

of our leaders. They are responsible for the many deaths in black

townships, the thousands of arrests and detention, and it is therefore

necessary for us to identify and then take action against them.

If these sellers and puppets want to live with us, they must participate

in the struggle for national liberation. They have access to the apartheid

regime's armory. They must arm the people in the war for national liberation.

We call upon those in the racist army and police force to turn their guns

against their masters.

Fellow fighters for the liberation of our motherland, the anticonscription

campaign must also be intensified. In the climate of the sharpening struggle

for national liberation it is not sufficient to resist conscription or to

leave the country.

Nonparticipation in the racist army to build a basis on which to build active

participation in the struggle for national liberation. [sentence as heard]

Botha's brutalities and so-called reforms cannot extinguish the burning

fire of freedom lit by the majority of the people of our country. The current

upsurge of the whole population is a result of Botha's failure to come

about with a solution to the problem of our country. And any way, the

apartheid regime does not have a solution to the problems of our country.

The boers are blind to the objective reality of the situation inside South

Africa. They are hiding behind a thick curtain of arrogance and racism.

It is us the oppressed and all democratic forces of our country who can

bring about change in South Africa.

86
The current situation in our country is a measure of the failure of the

racist government to destroy the spirit of resistance through its policy

of systematic brutal oppression which resulted in the imprisonment of our

leaders and compatriots, of the systematic use of torture and secret

murders and the judicial hanging of patriots. It is a (? vindication) and

ample proof of our efforts, the efforts of our liberation movement, the

ANC, in keeping the spirit of resistance alive through persistent struggle.

It is an outcome of international solidarity with the people of South

Africa.

The upsurge not only reflects the deep rooted traditions of struggle but

it is also an indication that the whole country is in revolt against

oppression and exploitation. It is a reassertion of the people's will to

be free inspired by the blood of our heroes, [word indistinct]. (Solomon

Mashawe), (Hector Peterson), Benjamin Moloise, and many other patriots

who have sacrificed their lives for the liberation of our motherland.

Compatriots, the end of apartheid is near. Those of us who are true

liberators should not fight among ourselves. Our spears are meant for

the enemy, the apartheid regime. To those who are in the army, the police

force, and prison services of the apartheid regime and its Bantustan

puppets, to those who administer the cruel laws against the people, we

say to them earn yourselves a place in a free South Africa that is coming

by organizing to turn your guns against your masters. Let your [words

indistinct] speak the truth. Let there be no place where the enemy can

rest.

To all our people in the farms, in the kraals, in the schools, in the

mines, in churches, and mosques, we say the ANC is with you. It is your

weapon, your instrument of unity, your spear head of liberation, umkhonto

we sizwe, is with you. It is the people's army the (? death) point of

our mighty spear which strikes here in the heart of every exploiter and

oppressor. Join it and fight in its glorious ranks for a free and nonracial,

democratic South Africa. Organize, unite, and act for the end of apartheid.

Let us fight on. The struggle continues, and victory is certain.

/12858

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87
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY URGES MODERATES TO NEGOTIATE

MB090733 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 9 Nov 85

[Station Commentary: "The ANC and South Africa"]

[Text] Several statements on negotiations between the South Africa

Government and the ANC have been made recently and it is worthwhile to take

a closer look at them (? through) their institutions.

The Chairman of the Anglo-American, Mr Gavin Relly, who recently headed a

delegation of businessmen who went to Lusaka for talks with the ANC, has

said in an interview that provided an acceptable majority of South Africans

could find the means to come to an agreeable conclusion, an internationally

acceptable solution could be found without ANC participation. Then, he

said, it does not matter what the ANC thinks. At the same time, a leading

opposition member of Parliament, Mr Harry Schwarz, has said that one must

be careful that the constituency of moderates is not destroyed in the black

community by actions that ignore the moderates and look purely to the

extremists for negotiation and leadership. And indeed, both points made

are valid.

The fact of the matter is that [passage indistinct] in any settlement

reached in South Africa if it remains intransigent on the issues of

violence. South Africans of all races want to see a constitution which

caters for all (? thirteen) ethnic groups in South Africa. We want to

see minority rights protected and this country hopes to continue along

the free enterprise road which has contributed towards making it one of

the top countries in the world and, certainly, the leading country in Africa.

The ANC stands for Marxist socialism which has brought nothing but poverty

to the people of Africa where this police was practiced. South Africa

contains a host of moderate black leaders who are willing to negotiate on

this country's future. The people themselves want a peaceful settlement

in South Africa, and numerous public opinion surveys have shown that

negotiation is supported by the majority of black people. On the other

hand, the ANC in statement after statement has declared that it will not

deviate from its policy of using violence for the overthrow of the government.

This means only one thing: The ANC has no intention of introducing a

democracy in South Africa. It wants, through violence, to take over power

in the country and the upshot will be greater violence in southern Africa as

other ethnic groups object to this ANC [word indistinct] dictatorship. The

time has come for negotiation. Time has come for the moderates to stand up

and be counted.

/12858

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY STRESSES NEED FOR DEREGULATION

MB110603 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 11 Nov 85

[Station Commentary]

[Text] Drastic adjustments have been forced on the South African economy

in recent times as a result of fast-changing circumstances which have

adversely affected the country: The drought, the lower gold price, the

drop in the value of the rand and rising inflation, limited sanctions

imposed by the United States and the European Economic Community, and the

refusal of foreign banks to roll over short-term loans. These circumstances

have necessitated equally drastic adjustments in fiscal and monetary

measures such as exchange and interest rates and exchange control measures.

But while the macroeconomic scene has received the necessary attention,

microeconomic aspects, such as rules and regulations affecting the

operations of small businessmen, have perhaps fallen by the wayside. This

is an area which dares not be neglected; political and constitutional

development alone is not sufficient to ensure stability and prosperity.

Equally necessary is socioeconomic development in order to uplift lesser

privileged communities and eradicate poverty—and the key to this is

sufficient job creation. Small-business undertakings are without doubt

the biggest and most effective creators of job opportunities, but in South

Africa they are seriously hamstrung by the extremely constrictive statutory

framework within which they have to function.

According to the managing director of the Small Business Development

Corporation, Dr Ben Vosloo, this includes such constraining measures as

unrealistic building, health, and safety standards, zoning regulations,

rigid wage guidelines, restrictive business hours, and red tape regarding

licensing.

He says the number of jobless in the country will grow to 5-million in the

next 15 years unless a large number of black business enterprises are

established. Failure to meet the challenge would be a recipe for social

disintegration and revolution.

No one is hampered more than the black entrepreneur by involved procedures

and unnecessarily high standards—and he is precisely the person whose

access to the economy should be facilitated. It has been said that black

89
businessmen who have made their mark have done so despite the web of

legislation working against them.

The authorities have done much in recent times to enable blacks to share

in the benefits of the free-market system—for example, the opening up

to all races of the central business districts. Much more is needed,

however. There is no doubt that the authorities are fully aware of the

urgent necessity to remove statutory stumbling blocks in the way of the

small businessman—and especially the capital-shy and economically

unsophisticated budding black entrepreneur. The restrictive role of

the myriad laws, statutes, and regulations governing all aspects of

business activity has been stressed by Dr Joop de Loor, former director

general of finance, who said that some of these were hard to justify on

rational grounds, let alone on the criterion of economic efficiency.

Earlier this year the state president himself emphasized the need for

deregulation when he undertook personally to ensure that action would be

taken in the next parliamentary session. As with constitutional reform,

it is essential that his aspect of economic restructuring should proceed

without delay.

/12858

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90
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT TO REPATRIATE FOREIGN WORKERS

MB110706 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0705 GMT 11 Nov 85

[Text] Johannesburg, Nov 11, SAPA—The government intends to reduce the

number of black foreign workers in South Africa, BUSINESS DAY reported in

its main front page story today. There are about R1.5-million of them.

It is understood that the decision was taken by the State Security Council

after repeated warnings by President P.W. Botha and senior cabinet members

that the government would be forced to consider such a step if the U.S. and

Europe implemented sanctions or other punitive economic measures.

The decision, which is likely to provoke an angry reaction in the U.S. and

Europe as well as from the major mining houses, could well add impetus to

the disinvestment campaign and decline of the rand.

Chamber of Mines President, Mr Clive Knobbs, was told of the decision by

manpower minister, Mr Pietie du Plessis on Friday.

Asked to confirm this, Mr du Plessis told reporters he had "no comment

whatsoever." Mr Knobbs—who had the task of informing chamber members—was

not available for comment. Chamber members are expected to be informed

today.

Johannesburg Chamber of Industries Chairman, Mr Gordon Waddell, said he had

heard of the decision on Friday and that government would also speak to

other major employer bodies.

He said: "The repatriation of foreign black workers would be the cause for

very great concern indeed and would be against the will of most of the

mining industry. It would be extremely provocative, and the last thing

we want as regards overseas relations."

A mining economist said that, according to his information, a reduction

in the numbers of foreign black workers would be done in phases.

According to government estimates, there are at least 1.5 million blacks

from neighbouring states working in South Africa, of which 350,000 are

legally employed here.

91
The government's anti-disinvestment brochure, publsihed in September

says of the legal workers: "A breakdown of 1984 figures shows that the

major countries of origin were: Lesotho (139,000); Mozambique (60,000);

Malawi (30,000); Botswana (26,000); and Swaziland (17,000).

The Chamber of Mines has put the possible loss of revenue to these states

at R222 million, in the event of a major repatriation of foreign mineworkers

alone.

The brochure says: "More than 80 percent of these workers are employed by

the .mines. TEBA (the Chamber of Mines recruiting agency) estimates that

about half of the (foreign miners) total earnings is remitted every year.

Several of the labour supply countries derive a substantial proportion ot

their national income from these remittances. In 1983, they accounted

for more than 50 percent of Lesotho's gross national product.

An official estimate of the number of illegal workers in South Africa is

1.2-million, of whom 1,500 are already being repatriated.

The government says any action to cut back on foreign black workers would

not be "retaliation."

"If employment opportunities were to be reduced further by extraneous

forces, such as sanctions, the government would be obliged to give

preference to the needs of its own citizens in the labour market, the

brochure says.

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92
SOUTH AFRICA

CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER MISSING

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 31 Oct 85 p 1

[Text] MYSTERY surrounds

the disappearance of

Mr Keith Gottschaik,

chairman of the Civil

Rights League.

Mr Gottschalk, a lecturer

at the University of the

Western Cape, is believed to have been detained under the emergency regulations on

Monday but police

headquarters say they

have no record of his

detention.

It was confirmed last

night that another person of whom police initially said they had no

record, Mrs Colleen

Lombard of the Clothing Workers' Union

(Clowu), was in detention.

Police headquarters in

Pretoria said in a telex

message on Tuesday

that "according to our

present records" Mr

Gottschalk was not being detained under

either the emergency

regulations or security

legislation.

Concerned

Last night police again

said he was not being

detained under emergency regulations but

said a further check

would be conducted today on whether he and

several other people

were being held under

. security legislation.

Friends'and relatives of

Mr Gottschalk said yesterday they were very

concerned about him.

.'••' Yesterday. Mr Gottschalk's father took

food and clothing to

Pollsmoor Prison for

his son but was told to

come back next week.

A friend, Mrs Sally Cristini, said she had telephoned his house on

Monday morning after

being informed by a

neighbour of his that

police were at the

house.

Mrs Cristini said a Warrant Officer Van der

Merwe had answered

the telephone and told

her she could not

speak to Mr Gottschalk,

who was under arrest

"because of the emergency".

She also said a neighbour saw police taking

Mr Gottschalk away.

The neighbour told

her Mr Gottschalk said:

, "Goodbye. Ask Sally to 1 pay my rent and telephone bill. See you in

- three or four months."

/8309

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93
SOUTH AFRICA

HIGH PRICE OF NATION'S WAR AGAINST SWAPO

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2 Nov 85 p 2

[Text] 'More Costly Than Vietnam1

In terms of human lives the fight against Swapo has been

more costly to South Africa than the Vietnam war was to

the United States, according to a British economist.

He also calculates that the cost to the South African taxpayer of

administering and defending Namibia has been even higher than

admitted by Pretoria.

Professor Reginald Green of

the Institute for Development

Studies in Sussex estimates that

as a proportion of the white

'South African population the

number of white South Africans

whose lives have been lost in

fighting Swapo amounts to more

. than three times the number of

.American lives lost in Vietnam.

'• Professor Green estimates

the military and civil cost of

Namibia to South Africa at

' Rl 700-million a year - P558-

million more than the official

' South African figure of Rl 140-

million.

And he estimates that the cost

of killing each Swapo insurgent

who died in the bush war last

year was nearly Rl million.

His estimates are in a survey

published in the British annual,

Africa Contemporary Record. The editor of the Record,

Mr Colin Legum, quotes extracts from Professor Green's

survey in an article in the latest

issue of the British news magazine, New African.

According to Mr Legum, the

professor estimates that the

cost of the war in lives has been

much greater than the authorities care to admit. While the

SADF announced 77 deaths of

military personnel in action in

1982, the figure is much greater

if the number of deaths from all

causes, such as disease and accidents, is included. These totalled

850 in 1982.

If only 60 percent of these

were white South Africans it

would suggest a 1975-83 death

toll of 2 000 to 2 500 — proportionally more than the American deaths in Vietnam.

Asset

Whereas Namibia had been a

valuable asset to the South African economy up to 1979, it has

since become an increasingly

significant burden due to the

war, the recession and drought,

Mr Legum says.

According to him. Professor

Green calculates the annual cost

of Namibia to the South African

taxpayer at R2100-million.

Against this he offsets private

capital outflows of about R399-

million, made up of profit and

salary remittances and South

African imports at below world

prices of Namibian commodities such as fishmeal and diamonds. This gives him a net

total of Rl 700-million.

Professor Green " calculates

that a foreign debt has been

built up for Namibia that by the

end of last year had reached

R718-million. He estimates the

interest owing on this in 1985 at

nearly R180-million, equal to

20 percent of Namibia's export

earnings and more than a quarter of its probable 1985 local

revenue.

Liability

He doubts that whatever government assumes power at independence will be willing to take

over this huge debt and it could

therefore become a further liability on the South African Treasury.

According to General George

Meiring, the Namibian military

commander, as quoted in New

African magazine, the security

forces have crippled Swapo's insurgency to a point where they

are now "in a position to predict

an end to the war" in Namibia.

General Meiring is quoted as

saying in an interview, with

New African writer Eugene

Nyati that "as matters stand at

the moment I think we are in a

position to predict an end to the'i

war".

Swapo was forfeiting legiti- '

; macy by its continued insurgency, according to the general.

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94
SOUTH AFRICA

HRSC SURVEY SHOWS TV HAS SMALL EFFECTS ON BELIEFS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Nov 85 p 11

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

"MOST Englishspeaking high school

pupils believe in prayer

— and at least half believe in saying grace at

mealtimes."

This is one of a number

of findings made by a

specialist team of the Human Sciences Research

Council following an indepth survey into the effect of television on the

religious activities of English speaking high school

pupils.

The leader of the team,

Mr J J de Beer said yesterday that more than 64

percent of high school pupils questioned attached a

relatively high value to

prayer and 51,4 percent

said grace at mealtimes.

The aim of the investigation was to determine

the extent to which English-speaking pupils in

standards six to 10, took

part in religious activities,

whether or not there had

been a change in their religious participation over

a period of time and

whether or not the extent

of their television viewing

affected such participation.

From 1974— two years

before the introduction of

TV — annual surveys

were conducted with the

help of four education departments.

Over a period of eight

years about 13 000 English-speaking pupils of

different denominations

were involved in the investigation.

Various findings

emerged from the investigation and there was no

remarkable change in

participation in religious

activities while two thirds

of the pupils indicated

that they read the Bible.

It appeared that nearly

60 percent of the pupils

attended church at least

once a month while 29

percent were involved in

youth church society activities.

Within the family context, 12,7 percent of the

pupils indicated that they

held family prayers.

It appeared that girls

were mor^ religiously active than boys.

Because of television's

popularity among school

children, there was concern over the possible effect of it on the religious

participation of children,

Mr De Beer said.

Among certain groups

of boys in the investigation who fell into the

"heavy viewing" category, indications were of a

slight increase in personal

religious activities as well

as in religious activities

within the family.

"From the investigation in general, it is clear

that television has had a

very slight effect on the

religious activities of boys

as a whole, and no effect

on those of girls," he said.

/8309

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95
GOVERNMENT INCREASES AID TO JOBLESS WHITES

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 28 Oct 85 p 11

[Article by Barry Streek]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

THE maximum cash payments for unemployed « white people were in- ;

creased to R164 a month .<

for adults and R49 a | month for children at the {

beginning of October. '.

the Minister of Health

Services in the House of

Assembly. Dr De Villiers

Morrison, said yesterday

in a statement issued in '

Pretoria.

Dr Morrison urged

people in material distress to come forward to

benefit from the assistance offered.

"""The degree of support

will be linked to the combined income of a ;

family," Dr Morrison

said.

The whites-only

scheme for cash payments to the unemployed ; has been introduced by

the House of Assembly s

"own affairs" administration and is therefore

not available to other

races. When the scheme

was introduced, it was

strongly criticized by a

number of g wps because it is available only

to whites.

Dr Morrison said that

since the scheme was implemented on September

1 this year, R1U 555 had

been paid out to 327

adults and 315 children.

Initially the grants were

/8309

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^a maximum of R151 for

adults and R46 for children, but these had been

increased on October 1,

he said.

His department had

also introduced a social

: relief scheme to assist

people in material distress. During the current

financial year, R252 209

p had already been spent

on this scheme, com-,

pared to the R163 376

during the 1984/5 financial year. ""'

A relief scheme to assist farmers in droughtstricken areas was intro- .

duced on May 1 this year.

Since the implementation of this scheme,

R261 891 had been granted in assistance to 419

adults and 386 children.

The Increasing prevalence of child abuse and

emotional crises within •

family life were a direct

consequence of unemployment and current

economic circumstances, Dr Morrison ,

said. "It is a source of grave <

concern how Increasingly prevalent child abuse

and emotional crises

within family life are becoming," he said.

"Should there be white

people in need of such

assistance, they are

urged to contact the regional offices of the department"

Dr Morrison also said

that according to press

reports, some welfare organizations were experiencing problems in providing food to whites In

financial distress. As his_

department had a supportive role in the distribution of food, welfare

organizations in need or

this aid should urgently,

contact his department •

His department had

brought out a brochure

on these issues because

"most families are finding it increasingly difficult to make ends meet .

These brochures could

be obtained at local regional offices of his department or at magistrates courts in those

centres where there

were no offices.

96
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY MARKS ANGOLA'S ANNIVERSARY

MB121245 Johannesburg International Service in English 1100 GMT 12 Nov 85

[Station Commentary: "Angola's 10 Years of Independence"]

[Text] It is 10 years ago that Angola gained its independence from

Portugal. The people of Angola have no reason whatsoever to celebrate

the occasion. They have not known a day of peace since the hasty departure

of the Portuguese from their former colony. Continuing civil war and

compensation for foreign forces and weapons have eroded nearly all the

country's resources.

The real tragedy of Angola is that things could have been very different.

Potentially, it is one of Africa's richest nations. It has abundant oil

supplies, [word indistinct] reserves of diamonds, iron, copper, uranium,

and 30 other metals and minerals, has rich and abundant agricultural land,

and a small population. There is little doubt that it is for this very

reason that the Soviet Union has established a strong military foothold in

Angola, a key country in the strategically important southern African region.

The Kremlin made its move directly after the country's independence from

Portugal. On its instructions, Cuba rushed in troops to prop up the MPLA

government which had seized power for itself from two other political

parties, UNITA and FNLA. Since then and more so today, the MPLA government

in Luanda is (? beholden) to the Kremlin for its very existence. It has

been estimated that 70 percent of Angola's resources are swallowed up

by the war effort, an enormous burden that no economy in the world could

carry for very long.

Everything, including life-supporting agriculture, have been allowed to

run down with the exception of the oil industry. Oil accounts for 90

percent of the country's foreign currency earnings. The irony of this

situation is that 70 percent of the country's oil trade is with the West,

and it is this money that goes to Moscow to pay for weapons and to Havana

to pay for troops.

It is not difficult to imagine how the people of Angola might have prospered

if it had not been for this situation. The people of Angola will continue

to live in poverty and in the throes of war until there is a political

97
accommodation between the MPLA and UNITA. With all the foreign troops and

weapons at its disposal, the MPLA has not succeeded in its aim ot subduing

UNITA and UNITA'S leader Dr Savimbi has said that he is not fighting for

total'victory but merely reverse the situation with the MPLA becoming the

resistance movement fighting against a UNITA government. It is only when

the MPLA also sees the reality of this situation that a peaceful solution

to Angola's problems could result.

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98
SOUTH AFRICA

NMC STATISTICS ON PRODUCTIVITY EXAMINED

Johannesburg THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 429

[Editorial]

The 1984 Annual Report of the National

Manpower Commission contains some very

interesting statistics on productivity. Taking 100 as

base in 1975 for productivity and wage levels for

the manufacturing industry, wages increased to

313 and productivity to 118 during 1983.

Corresponding figures for the construction

industry are 287 and 110 and the mining industry

313 and 90. This is a clear indication that increased

wages do not necessarily result in increased

productivity. The fall in productivity in the mining

industry is particularly alarming.

The shortage of civil engineers is 8,4 per cent,

electrical 16 per cent, mechanical 8.3 per cent,

technicians 6 per cent and draughtsmen 8.8 per

cent. The overall shortage of artisans in the metal

and engineering trades is 3,4 per cent, electricians

5 per cent and motor mechanics 7.6 per cent.

Newly indentured apprentices in industry

increased from 1974 to 1984 from 11218 to only

12 661. Black apprentices increased from nil in

1974 to 654 in 1984, whites from 7 383 to 9 851,

coloureds from 601 to 1653 and asians from 264 to

503.

Overall employment opportunities in the nonagricultural sector increased from 4 404 060 in 1974

to 5 015 664 in 1984.

These statistics are particularly of concern when it

is considered that:

o The provision of employment has not increased

at a rate to match the overall population growth.

ü When the economy recovers the shortage of

skilled labour is going to be critical.

a The shortage of engineers and skilled labour is

going to inhibit growth in the years to come and

the provision ofsufficient job opportunities for

the increasing labour force, a fact which is not

readily appreciated by Government and which

could be disastrous for South Africa's future.

/9317

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99
SOUTH AFRICA

PROFILE OF MC KINNON CHAIN PUBLISHED

Johannesburg THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 460

[Text]

The attainment of the leading position in the

chain industry for McKinnon Chain (South

Africa) (Pty) Limited is the culmination of a

story that began 50 years ago. at a time when

secondary industry in South Africa was still

sparse and when steel product manufacturing

was yet to be established.

In earlier days. South Africa's chain requirements which were extensive by most standards because of the heavy demand on the

part of the mining industry, were imported

from Canada. This demand in itself, as well as

the fact that steel in the form of rolled rod was

available locally, was the incentive for the

American company, Columbus McKinnon. to

set up the South African company at Vereenigingin 1935.

At that time the manufacture of chain was progressing from the old fire-heated, hammerwelded (fire weld) links made of wrought iron,

to electrically welded, machine-formed links

of mild steel.

The first machines installed at Vereeniging included automatic forming and welding machines, which were soon turning out a full

range of chain for many uses in mining, industry, agriculture and shipping. South Africa became self-sufficient in this vital product—just

in time to be of value during World War II.

In the meantime, the company's American

principals, determined to make welded-link

chain the most acceptable means of lifting,

hauling and securing, had already perfected

the welding of special quality steels and were

producing chain of a smaller diameter material

which would lift heavier loads with complete

safety and reliability, in as many carrying conditions as possible.

The earliest chain to emerge from this exercise was from a steel with a higher tensile

strength. The mass could therefore be reduced, making the chain lighter and easier to

handle without affecting its strength. Similarly, end fittings on assemblies could be reduced in size, and eaually important, the need

for the regular annealing of slings was obviated.

New rang«

Further American development resulted m

the first import of a new chain range named

Here-Alloy. A heat-treated alloy steel chain

specifically developed for use in sling chains

for lifting purposes, it possesses long-wearing properties and high tensile strength.

The arrival of Here-Alloy changed many

things. Heavy, clumsy chain slings made to

drawings at the factory, outsize top rings and

bottom hooks and bulky intermediary links

were things of the past.

Now a complete range of exact-size, special

alloy steel chain, lighter and easier to handle

was available, and with it a range of standardised matching terminal fittings such as sling

hooks. graD hooks, foundry and safety hooks

and the neat, versatile, oblong master link as a

top attachment. All of these fittings and attachments could be stocked m various

centres in the country, ready to be made up

into /nsranf chain slings by using a connecting

Hammerlok link as and when, and to whatever

specification, required. The range of chain fittings has been further supplemented with a

growing number of clevis fittings, attachable

directly to the chain, thereby obviating the

need of the Hammerlock coupling link.

100
Manufacturing

Since complete manufacture in South Africa

is McKinnon's policy, the company approached its local steel suppliers to cast and

roll special alloy steel for the production of the

Here-Alloy range. Cooperation between steel

suppliers and chain manufacturer has resulted in the local production of chain which is

claimed to have put the Republic amongst the

world leaders in this field. Hailed as the chain

of tomorrow Here-Alloy has placed McKinnon

in the forefront of chain technology.

Today McKinnon chain (South Africa) (Pty)

Limited, manufactures chain to a quality exceeding international standards.

The steel used for the manufacture of products is received either in coiled form, as rolled

rod. or in straight bars for heavier chains. At

one time the factory at Vereeniging has some

1 4001 in stock. Currently the material is supplied by Iscor's Pretoria and Newcastle works

and Usco's Vaal and Klip works.

While some of the machines in the new factory are commercially available, the automatic

machines are specially designed and built by

the international McKinnon Group of Companies.

The manufacturing process is an interesting

one: the coiled material is cleaned by acid

pickling in the pickling plant and then drawn to

size and cleaned again to ensure good contact for resistance welding. It is then automatically formed into continuous chain, and

the links welded by automatic welding machines.

For the' manufacture of heavier chain above

25 mm in diameter, straight bars are hotformed and welded on flash-welding machines.

After welding, the chain is subjected to an initial inspection and is then heat-treated if required, tested to the required proof test, finally

inspected and stored for shipment.

During the welding process, samples of chain

are cut from the machines at regular intervals

and subjected to destruction testing to ensure

consistent weld quality. Further destruction

tests monitoring elongation and also link bend

tests, are carried out after final processing in

accordance with the company's own stringent

requirements, as well as those of the South

African Bureau of Standards.

All chain is manufactured to laid down specifications—those of the SABS and McKinnon

Chain's own specifications. The latter provide

for higher break-loads, higher proof-loads

and higher break-load limits for special applications.

/9317

CSO: 3400/354

101
SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS ON 'WORLD'S BIGGEST ICE PLANT' GIVEN

Johannesburg THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85

pp 431-433

[Article by Jim Middleton]

[Text]

Installation of a 10001 per day ice manufacturing plant at the Merriespruit No. 1 Shaft of

Harmony GM represents years of research and dedication by a team of consulting engineers

at Rand Mines.

In the following article Jim Middleton, Consulting Engineer in charge of the project,

discusses how the idea of cooling a mine by using ice will finally become a reality when

erection of the ice manufacturing plant at Harmony GM will be completed next year.

More information is given on the construction of the ice plant, the pneumatic conveying

system and refrigeration plant.

Introduction

The installation of a 1000 tons per day

ice manufacturing plant at the Merriespruit No. 1 Shaft of the Harmony Gold

mine complex brings to fruition a dream

of the Rand Mines ventilation engineers.

Several years ago the idea of using ice

as a means of cooling water underground

in place of conventional refrigerating

plants was mooted and work since then

has been carried out under the auspices

of the Chamber of Mines research

organisation with a pilot plant at the East

Rand Proprietary Mine in Boksburg.

The present plant at Merriespruit may

be seen to be a culmination of the idea

although the design of the full scale plant

differs in several ways from the design

envisaged in the research programme.

The chilling of water to be used underground is carried out with the intention

of ensuring that the environmental conditions are tolerable for the work force in

the stopes and at the face in development ends and the use of chilled water

for drilling ensures that the general atmosphere is at a temperature compatible

with that required for efficient work performance.

Cooling of water is typically carried

out on mines by the use of refrigerating

plants situated either on surface or

underground. The plants installed on

surface cool water which is then piped to

the underground workings where it is

used for service water before being

pumped back to surface for re-cooling.

The cost of pumping all the water back

out of a mine for re-cooling is a major

disadvantage of the surface cooling

plants.

Cooling plants installed underground

are designed to chill service water which

may be circulated through the workings

and back to the plant without the necessity of constant high lift pumping but the

heat generated by these refrigerating

plants is a major disadvantage, as it has

102
to be evacuated from the mine workings

by means of the ventilation fans at costs

which are becoming increasingly prohibitive.

A further disadvantage is that the

areas through which the return air from

the cooling towers flows becomes a "No

Man's Land" for workers at temperatures of up to 40 °C or even higher.

The use of ice to cool underground

service water is based on the idea of mixing the hot service water with ice in an

underground reservoir instead of sending it to an underground refrigerating

plant. The mixture of ice and water in

the desired proportions will lower the

temperature of the hot water to a level

acceptable to the individual mine. Theice sent underground melts to provide

additional water and the heat generated

by the ice making plant is dissipated on

surface where it has no detrimental effect on the mine underground environment.

Merriespruit ice plant

The Merriespruit ice plant has a capacity

to produce 1000 tons per twenty four

hours of ice in irregular particles roughly

60-70 mm square and 8-10 millimetres

thick. The ice particles will be conveyed

to the shaft, a distance of 80 metres, by

means of pneumatic conveying and will

be discharged at high velocity into the

200 mm diameter UPVC pipeline suspended in the shaft. The lower end ofthe

shaft pipeline discharges into an underground reservoir where the ice particles

are sprayed with hot water (±30°C) and

the cold water resulting from this mixture is pumped into the service water

dams to join the mine water reticulation.

The ice plant comprises two main sections, the ice producing section and an

engine room together with evaporative

condensors and various storage vessels.

The ice makers are arranged in twelve

modules each comprising eighty tubes

arranged in eight rows of ten tubes per

row. Each row consists of a cylindrical

header to which ten tubes are connected.

The twelve modules (total of 960 tubes)

are housed in a completely insulated

building. The ice formation takes place

on the outer surface of the tubes which

are 100 mm diameter by 3 048 mm long.

The ice as formed therefore is in the

shape of a hollow cylinder of inside diameter 100mm and a wall thickness of.

± 10 mm. The formation is caused when

water is sprayed on to the outside surface

of the tubes while liquid ammonia is

passed through the tubes by way of the

connected header.

By means of a series of valves and

timers the water flow is stopped after a

sufficient thickness of ice is formed, the

ice is then brought to a pre-determined

temperature say -5°C. the flow of ammonia is then stopped and hot gas from

the refrigerating compressors is fed to

the manifolds. This displaces the ammonia and by heating up the inside of the

tubes causes sufficient expansion of th£'

tube to crack the ice which then slides

down the vertical tube on to a screen and

thence into a screw conveyor.

In the Merriespruit plant the timing is

such that one moduie will discharge ice

from all 80 tubes once every twelve minutes i.e. a "harvest" cycle of twelve minutes.

The layout of the ice plant is such that

six modules are installed in the length of

the building on either side of a centre

walkway. The eight tube headers are

across the width of the building such that

each module comprises eight tubes

across the width and ten tubes down the

Refrigeration

length on each side ofthe centre i.e. each

half of the building houses six modules

eight tubes wide by a total of sixty tubes

in length (480 tubes per side). The eight

header tubes are arranged in such a manner that the screw conveyors running the

length of the building are situated between the second and third row of tubes

and the sixth and seventh rows. Ice discharged from the first, second, third and

fourth tubes discharges into one screw

conveyor and ice from the fifth, sixth,

seventh and eighth tubes into the adjoining conveyor. There are four screw conveyors across the width of the building,

two on either side of the centre line. Ice

discharged from the tubes falls on to a

sloping bar screen which diverts the ice

103
particles into the screw conveyor while

permitting water and very small particles

of ice to pass through the screen and into

a trough from which the water is collected for re-use.

If potable quality water is used for ice

making this discarded water which is obviously at a very low temperature is

pumped back to the sprays discharging

on to the tubes and is used for making ice

over and over again. The flow temperature of this water reduces the refrigerating duty required of the liquid ammonia.

However the Merriespruit plant is designed to use mine industrial water high

in chloride content and in this case after

making the ice the discarded water will

be passed through a water to water heat

exchanger to reduce the temperature of

the incoming raw water before it is

sprayed on the tubes.

After having passed through the heat

exchanger the discarded water is run to

waste being at this stage even higher in

chloride content due to the partial desalination of the water formed into ice

caused by the phenomenon that as ice is

formed on the tubes, the salts in the

water migrate to the outer surface of the

ice cyclinder and are constantly washed

to waste by the spray water during the ice

forming cycle.

Ice harvested from the ice maker

tubes is carried by the four screw conveyors down the length of the building to

discharge into a double screw conveyor

running in a transverse direction and discharging into the rotary valves of the

pneumatic conveying system which are

situated at the corner of the building

closest to the shaft.

Pneumatic conveying system

The ice particles will be fed by the

double screw conveyor into either one of

two motorised rotary feeders which are

connected by means of a trouser leg

chute to the outlet flange of the screw

conveyor trough. Each rotary feeder is

capable of handling the total capacity of

the ice plant of up to 55 tph so that one

unit will always be a standby.

The rotary feeders are of the straight

through type with the inlet and outlet

pipe connections connecting directly

with the pockets defined by the rotary

vanes of the feeder so that the ice is not

dropped out of the feeder into the conveying pipeline. Each feeder is connected to its own 200 mm diameter PVC

conveying pipeline and the two pipelines

are connected into a Y-piece approximately 6 metres from the shaft from where a

single 200 mm PVC pipeline connects to

a steel long radius 90° bend which is glass

fibre lined and which discharges into a

funnel section connected to the UPVC

pipeline going down the shaft.

The pneumatic conveying pipeline is

not connected directly to the funnel at

the top of the shaft column there being a

gap to allow the conveying air to escape

to atmosphere i.e. in fact to join the air

being taken into the downcast shaft. The

ice particles will therefore not be strictly

pneumatically conveyed down the shaft

pipeline but will be transported due to

the kinetic energy imparted to them by

the high velocity discharge from the surface column into the shaft column. The

air used for pneumatic conveying will be

cooled to 1 °.C before entering the rotary

feeder to minimise any melting of the ice

during its transport to the shaft.

The shaft column is made up of

200 mm nominal inside diameter UPVC

pipes. 12 mm wall thickness and of a

nominal 5 metres in length. Each length

is individually secured to the shaft steelwork in such a way that the bottom end

of each pipe enters the expanded top end

of the pipe below it by 125 mm. This is to

allow for the contraction of the pipe

lengths when cooled by the flow of ice.

The individual pipes are not bolted together and are in fact a loose fit in the

expanded end of their mating pipe so

that there cannot be a build up of air

pressure in the column should the flow of

ice be prevented by a blockage.

All pipes are insulated and the bottom

end of the column is directed into an

underground reservoir close to the shaft.

The ice entering the reservoir will be

melted by contact with the hot underground service water which will be

sprayed on to it.

104
The motive power of the pneumatic

conveying is supplied by two electric motor driven ROOTES type blowers (one

for standby). These blowers are each

capable of supplying l,04mVsec. of air

at the pressure of 150 KPa. The compressed air leaving the blower is at a temperature of 90 °C and is directed through

a two stage heat exchanger to reduce the

temperature to 1 °C before it enters the

PVC pipeline connecting each blower to

its individual rotary feeder.

The two stage heat exchanger comprises a first stage water to air shell and

tube cooler and a second stage refrigerated finned cooler.

Refrigerating plant

Three 1000 kW screw type compressors

are installed for the ice making duty, one

normally being a standby unit. The compressor packages each comprise separate skid mounted units complete with independent oil separators and lubrication

circuits using refrigerant injection oil

cooling.

The refrigerant to be used is ammonia

and the control of the individual compressors is by means of a microprocessor

based package control system. The compressors each have a refrigerating capacity of 2748kW and are designed to

operate at a saturated suction temperature of -20 °C. In the event of a breakdown resulting in a loss of ice production

the ice making capacity of the whole

plant can be uprated from the normal

43,3 tph to 55 tph by the inclusion of the

standby compressor with the other two

duty machines.

The operation of all three machines

for the ice making duty will result in a

higher capacity but a rather inefficient

utilisation of power. In addition to the

ice making duty another smaller screw

compressor is installed for the water precooling duty. The purpose of this machine is to cool the incoming raw water

to a level of temperature which will reduce the refrigerating duty necessary

from the ice making duty compressors.

This machine is driven by a 300 kW electric motor and has a refrigerating capacity of 1 255 kW at a saturated suction

temperature of —4°C. The compressors

are direct driven by synchronous induction motors operating at a supply voltage

of6,6kV.

The liquid refrigerant feed system to

the ice makers is supplied from two accumulator drums and refrigerant pump

sets installed in the engine room. These

vessels 1800 mm diameter x 4000 mm

long are mounted on steel support structures such that a fully flooded positive

head is ensured to the refrigerant pump

suctions at all times. The unevaporated

liquid entrained in the return gas flow

from the ice makers is separated in the

vessels and re-circulated vapour from

the top of the vessels is drawn off by the

compressor suction while the liquid in

the bottom ofthe vessels is pumped back

to the ice maker tubes. Make up ammonia liquid is fed directly to these vessels.

Each vessel is coupled to three refrigerating pumps, two duty and one

standby in each case. The total circulation rate for the four duty pumps is 12

litres per second. Outside and adjacent

to the engine room is mounted a liquid

receiver 1600 mm diameter by 3 500 mm

long. The initial charge of 8 000 kg liquid

ammonia was pumped into this vessel

and make up to the system is supplied

from here.

The evaporative condensors are

mounted directly over a concrete sump

built behind the engine room. The coil

sections with fan cowl and coil casing are

mounted vertically with the fans at the

top producing induced draught air flow.

The condensors are designed for a total

heat rejection duty of 9 000 kW with a total air circulation of 320 cubic metres per

second. Total water circulation is 210

litres per second.

Leak detection and safety

precautions

The NH3 leak detection system utilises

two Sieger eight channel gas alarms and

a total of 16 detection points. Each point

105
is set to detect concentrations of ammonia between 0 and 1000 ppm. Each point

will have set points for both alarm and

cutout.

The detectors are mounted at appropriate positions, twelve in the ice maker

building, three in the engine room and

one off at the condensors. The sensors

are located at a high level in the buildings

to take account of the fact that the NH3

will rise when leaked. A fan and duct system is provided to handle any ammonia

laden air in both the ice maker building

and the engine room. The ducting runs

from the ice maker room through the engine room to a special spray chamber located alongside the evaporative condensors. The water to the spray chamber is

supplied from the blow down water from

the heat exchanger. The spray system is

fitted with a droplet eliminator and the

NH3 will be absorbed by the spray water

which will be run to waste.

Gas masks are provided for use by

personnel operating in the plant and exit

doors to stairways outside the buildings

are provided on all levels.

Future possibilities

The Merriespruit ice plant will be the

largest capacity single ice making installation in the world and will break completely new ground in the concept of

using ice as a means of providing cooling

for deep underground mines.

It remains to be seen how well some of

the theoretical aspects of the plant design will perform in practice and in this

respect the plant will provide the only

full scale operating means of testing the

following processes which are at present

the subject of some conjecture:

a The best means of rapidly melting the

ice when delivered underground and

the most efficient design of melting

chamber.

D To what extent ice may be transported

along the level underground and also

possibly down sub-vertical or incline

shafts. Will this require for example a

solid connection between the pneumatic conveying pipeline on surface

and the shaft pipeline?

D Will the transfer of an ice/water slurry

by means of pumping prove to be a

better cost effective means of transporting ice over long distances?

The answers to these and other questions offer exciting possibilities for the

future development of what is basically a

very simple means of providing cold

water to assist in the control of the environment underground in mines.

/9317

CSO: 3400/354

106
SOUTH AFRICA

ROLE, OF ENERGY RESEARCH INSTITUTE DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 455

[Text]

The Energy Research Institute of the University

of Cape Town began life as the Energy Utilisation Unit in 1974 with a staff of two and an annual budget of R20000. Three years later, and

in the aftermath of the so-called energy crisis,

the demand for research work in energy matters built up to the stage where the University

felt that the time was ripe for the conversion of

the Unit into a full Institute. The Institute was

formed in such a mannerthat participation in the

working of the Institute by industrial concerns in

the energy sector could be encouraged.

The Institute was formed with a core of companies forming the membership of the Institute.

The membership has grown from the original 5

to the present total of 25 and they form an Advisory Board which guides the work of the Institute.

The Institute is staffed by permanent research

engineers, and technical and administrative

support staff. From a staff of two the Institute

has grown to a present complement of 21. The

research staff include chemical, electrical, and

mechanical engineers, most of them with industrial experience. In addition to the permanent staff a number of students studying for

Masters' and Doctors' degrees carry out work

in the area of energy.

The work carried out by the Institute is largely

governed by the needs of industry though a

very large part of the research work is sponsored by the CSIR and allows for more basic

research than that required by industry.

The research currently being earned out by the

Institute can be divided into four main categories: fuels and engines; coal; appropriate energy; and general. Work on fuels and engines

concerns the application of alternative fuels, abnormal combustion, emissions, drive-ability

and various fuel characteristics. Work is carried

out on alcohol fuels and on various coal-based

fuels.

The work on coal is mainly concentrated on

Ruidised Bed Combustion with special emphasis on poor quality coals. With some discard

coals sulphur levels are very high and the Ruidised 8ed Combustor is being applied to the removal of sulphur dioxide by limestone and dolomite. Research is also carried out on the

combustion of coal and on the wear properties

of coal especially as it applies in ball-and-tube

mills.

The rapidly expanding research on appropriate

energy is concerned with the demand and supply of energy in rural under-developed communities. This study is concerned with the technical and socio-economic factors of energy

usage in such communities and with various

methods, including the use of renewables, for

satisfying this need.

The last sector included work on various renewable energy sources, with the combustion

of refuse, and with emission control measures.

Work is also carried out on energy modelling,

on various economic aspects of energy, and on

policy and strategic aspects of energy supply

and demand.

107
Results of institute research are published in

the form of reports. It also issues regular digests of information on world energy news,

conferences, and statistics. Information is also

disseminated by conferences, a conference

being organised every two years on a topic of

major importance. Conferences have been

held on Fluidised Bed Combustion, Solar Energy, Energy in the Future, Transportation, etc.

whilst seminars have been organised on Lead

in Petrol, Energy Use in Underdeveloped Areas, and Coal Resources. In addition, the Institute holds Workshops on such topics as Boiler

Furnace Design. Energy Conservation in Industry, and Energy Modelling.

Apart from internal reports the staff of the Institute present papers at International Conferences and over the nine-year period since the

formation of the Energy Utilisation Unit, staff

have presented 21 papers at maior conferences on subjects ranging from aldehyde

emissions from motor vehicles to coal combustion.

Staff of the Institute have achieved an international reputation and serve on various international organisations and international conference committees.

/9317

CSO: 3400/354

108
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BOILER FEED PUMP SEALS—Mechanical seals which have their own built-in

liquid cooling system, enabling them to operate where there is a loss

of suction for up to one hour, will be used at Escom's Kendal power

station. They are the Cranpac heavy duty type 270F boiler feed pump

seals which incorporate the latest technology in mechanical seals. The

seals will be manufactured for use in the boiler feed pumps at Kendal.

The boiler feed pump seals were developed by Crane Packing's UK principals

a few years ago and have performed successfully in some of the most

difficult sealing applications in Europe. This includes the Drax Power

Station in Yorskhire where 170 mm diameter 270F seals operated in extremely

severe duties: 200°C, 4,3 MPa and 8 000 r/min. This standard of seal

performance would not have been considered possible 10 years ago. In

1982 Crane Packing installed the first type 270F mechanical seals in a

new generation boiler feed pump in South Africa. This was on a 1 000 hour

test basis at Matla Power Station where two 270F seals were fitted to a

standby 50 percent boiler feed pump, operating at 6 000 r/min. Their

performance was entirely satisfactory. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SOUTH

AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 466]

LONGEST WEIGHBRIDGE—SA Scale Co has manufactured and installed what is

believed to be the longest weighbridge in Africa in 12 weeks. The

35m all-steel weighbridge is at Pretoria Portland Cement's Jupiter plant

in Germiston. Equipped with 10 load cells, the 60-ton weighbridge is used

for computer-controlled filling of cement tankers. The loading station

straddles the weighbridge and cement can be loaded at any point over the

35m span. The weighbridge for which 30 tons of steel were used had to be

installed in two weeks to allow construction of a load-out station to be

completed. It is connected to an Avery CTH digital indicator, coupled

to an Avery 8632 tally roll printer. This instrumentation communicates

with the plant's computer and PLC to control filling to the set mass.

It is able to record the initial empty and final filled mass of the tanker.

The complete operation is fully automatic, being initiated by insertion of

a magnetic card by the truck driver. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SOUTH

AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 466]

109
HEAVY FUEL OIL FIRING—Babcock Engineering Contractors (BEC) have successfully completed conversion and commissioning of the first of five 60 MW

pulverised coal fired boilers at the Rooiwal Power Station, from diesel

to heavy fuel oil firing. Total contract value is approximately R2-million.

Rooiwal Power Station is about 30 kilometres north of Pretoria and is

operated by the Electricity Department of the Pretoria City Council.

The power station has used diesel fuel for start-up and stabilisation

purposes since the installation was originally commissioned some 25 years

ago. The conversion to heavy fuel oil will enable the station to operate

its boilers more economically. The project involved replacement of the

start-up system for the boilers, supply of fuel oil tanks, a pump station,

and burners and burner management equipment. [Text] [Johannesburg THE

SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 462]

HENRED FRUEHAUF DELIVERY—Cargo Carriers Coastal Division recently took

delivery of a total of 40 vehicles from Henred Fruehauf's New Germany

Branch. The vehicles are intended for three of Cargo Carriers' sugar

cane depots, the Pongola Mill, Malelane and Nkwaleni Valley, and includes

spill cane trailers, combination side tipping cane trailers and combination

inter-rlink cane cane side spillers. These recent acquisitions mean an

expansion of 30 percent in the Cargo Carriers cane division since the beginning of 1985 as well as the opening of two new depots, and can be linked

to the Rorich Commission's recommendation that cane farmers be responsible

for their own cane transport costs. This recommendation opened up

considerable marketing possibilities for South African transport operators

as can be seen from the above-mentioned orders. Henred Fruehauf's technical staff spent considerable time in the field with their Cargo Carriers

counter-parts to enable them to produce vehicles allowing the cane farmers

the simplest possible transition from the original rail transport to the

new road transportation system, retaining original bundle lengths and

masses wherever possible. Les Uppink, Henred Fruehauf's Durban General

Manager, reports that since all the trailers were required at approximately

the same time, the invoices were grouped, a special discount was offered

and a once-off payment of Rl-million was received. [Text] [Johannesburg

THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 462]

SHIPBUILDING BOOST—Dorbyl Marine's shipbuilding operation has received a

R6-million order boost from Tisand (Pty) Ltd (Richards Bay Minerals).

The order is for the building of a floating bucket wheel mining excavator

to be used for the dredging of mineral rich sand at Richards Bay. The

excavator, with a total mass of 600 tons will consist of two side pontoons

with wheelhouse, hydraulic control room and computer room provided in the

superstructure. The hydraulically driven bucket wheel and electric driven

pump, fitted to a pivoted submersible steelboom, is capable of dredging

a depth of 15 metres. The excavator will be fabricated in the Durban works

of Dorbyl Marine where it will be assembled, tested, dismantled and trucked

to the Richards Bay site for final assembly and commissioning afloat in a

man made pond in the sand dunes. [Text] [Johannesburg THE SOUTH AFRICAN

MECHANICAL ENGINEER in English Oct 85 p 465]

110
MINISTER ON URBANIZATION—The Deputy Minister of Constitutional Development

and Planning, Mr Piet Badenhorst, says that while the government is not

ready to present an overall strategy for black urbanization, it has

accepted that urbanization will be the most significant social phenomenon

in the next 15 years. Speaking at a seminar on black housing in

Johannesburg, Mr Badenhorst said urbanization was putting a tremendous

strain on the ability of the country to provide housing for blacks. The

present backlog was almost 20,000 units, Mr Badenhorst called for active

involvement of the private sector in the provision of housing. The

government was considering introducing legislation during the next

parliamentary session to enable developers to develop towns on private

land in areas earmarked for the extension of existing black towns. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 7 Nov 85 MB] /12858

JOURNALISTS RELEASED—Cape Town, Nov 8, SAPA--Two journalists of the

GRASSROOTS community newspaper and an executive member of the Western Cape

Civic Association were released from Victor Verster Prison today after

two weeks' detention. Mr Ryland Fisher and Mr Mansoor Jaffer were detained

along with Mr Pro Jack, assistant secretary of the Western Cape Civic

Association, on October 25 under Section 50 of the Internal Security Act.

They were later held under the emergency regulations. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 2049 GMT 8 Nov 85 MB] /12858

CISKEI TO SUE ISRAEL—Bisho—The Ciskeian Government is proceeding with its

litigation against an Israeli company, Gur Corporation, despite threats

by Gur to "send smear allegations into the world" about Ciskei leaders,

according to reports. An announcement in Bisho yesterday by the Ciskei

Government said Gur was guilty of bribery and corruption on evidence presented

to the commission of inquiry into malpractices by the former Ciskeian Minister

of Health, Dr C.H. Beukes, and is threatening officials of the government that

unless the case is dropped a smear campaign will be conducted against

President Lennox Sebe and highly-placed officials. Gur built two hospitals

and various schools in Ciskei, which it is alleged are "inferior." Independent

specialist opinion obtained by the Ciskei Government indicated it would cost

between R3 and R5 million to rectify the inferior work.—SAPA. [Text]

[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 9 Nov 85 p 8] /8309

NO SUPPORT FOR MUSLIM CAPE BOYCOTT—An extremist call on Muslems to boycott

Jewish businesses is unlikely to achieve any support in South Africa, according

to religious leaders. Rabbi E Kaye, head of the Green and Seapoint Hebrew

congregation, said he had been told that such a pamphlet had been distributed,

but did not see it having any effect in the Western Cape. "I do not imagine

that there's much steam behind it," said Rabbi David Sherman, convenor of

the Interfaith Forum, an organisation of Christian, Jewish and Moulim [as printed]

leaders in the Cape Peninsula. Other Muslem and Jewish leaders told THE CITIZEN

yesterday they were unaware of any call on Muslems to boycott Jewish enterprises.

All pointed to a "tolerant" attitude in the Cape. Some said that in the

present state of emergency, ministers of religion were "cooperating on much more

serious matters than the petty prejudices of some." "There are some hotheads

in any community, but fortunately they usually fail," a Muslem leader said, he too

was unaware of a boycott movement. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English

11 Nov 85 p 3] /8309

CSO: 3400/398

111
SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

PRINCE TO ASCEND THRONE—Three years of political uncertainly in Swaziland

since the death of King Sobhuza and upheavals in the royal family could

be about to end. It has been announced that Swaziland is to have a new

head of state early next year. From Swaziland, Norman Sowerby reports:

[Sowerby] The new head of state will be Crown Prince Makhosetive, the

teenage son of the present ruler, the queen regent or odlovukazi. It

has been known that he was to become the king and absolute monarch since

1982 when his father, King Sobhuza, died and many observers assumed that

he would take the throne at the age of 21. The problem was that no

official birthdate has ever been given to Makhosetiva and most people could

only guess that he is 18 or 19. The question of age still remains something

of a mystery, but the question of accession was settled once and for all

this afternoon when a royal spokesman announced to a gathering of chiefs

that the crown prince would return from his public school in England before

the end of this year for the final traditional ceremonies which lead to

kingship. These are not expected to be prolonged and Crown Prince

Makhosetive will almost certainly become Swaziland's king early next year.

[From the "Focus on Africa" program] [Text] [London BBC World Service in

English 1709 GMT 1 Nov 85]

LOAN AGREEMENT WITH EEC—The Swaziland Government and the EEC have signed

a loan agreement of 52 million emalengeni. The signing ceremony, which

took place at the Swazi Inn last Friday, was preceeded by meetings aimed

at drawing up the indicative program of community aid for Swaziland in

accordance with the provisions of the third Lome Convention between the

African, Caribbean, and Pacific states and the EEC. The EEC delegation

was led by the Deputy Director General for Development of the Commission,

Mr Maurice Foley, and included the representative of the European Investment

Bank. Signing for the Swaziland Government was the Minister for Commerce,

Industry and Tourism, Mr Derek von Wissel. The two delegations agreed that

the Community's aid would be focused on support for rural development,

including technical and vocational training of Swazis in all sectors

related to improving rural living conditions. [Text] [Mbabane Domestic

Service in English 1600 GMT 11 Nov 85 MB] /12858

CSO: 3400/397 ^

112