It began at the beginning of June when the Govern-
ment announced it was going to make available about
R5 million for employment projects in the economic-
ally bleak Eastern Cape. The money was to be given
to white municipalities which, in conjunction with
local chambers of commerce, would propose projects
— something very much like winter works in Canada.

Mr de Bruin and other Port Alfred white leaders
went looking for black leaders to consult on what
projects should be proposed. It is the blacks whom
unemployment affects the hardest.

Racial solitudes

And it is a statement about South Africa’s racial
solitudes in a small town like Port Alfred that the
white leaders did not know who the black leaders
were — living apart in their separate township, their
“location”, described as one of the worst and most
impoverished in the region,

There was no Government-established black local
authority; the community had kicked it out nearly a
year before. The white group assumed that the town-
ship's clergy would be the de facto leaders and ar-
ranged a meeting with them. The clergy explained
that they were not the accepted leaders.

“We found ourselves with a dilemma,” Mr de Bruin ;

said. “We didn’t know whom to talk to.”

Eventually, Mr Delys Sparg, a white trader and :

farmer with links to the black township, suggested
names: Mr Nkwinti’s and a few others, all members
of the UDF, an organisation the Government consid-
ers tobe a front for the banned African National
Congress.

But before the white leaders — who by this time
had formed themselves into a joint business and mu-
nicipal government group called the Employers’ Fed-
eration — could meet the black leaders, the black
community declared a boycott of white businesses.

The reasons for the boycott were many: discontent
with black education, black living standards, black
political rights, white attitudes. Mr Nkwinti’s sum
mary: “It was part of our struggle for liberation.”

The arithmetic of a black boycott of white business
in Port Alfred is simple: 13000 Blacks; 4000 whites.
As Mr de Bruin said yesterday: “A lot of us started
caring when we started hurting.”

It took eight days from the formation of the Em- ;

ployers’ Federation to the identification of “acknow-
edged” black leaders to the first meeting between
the two groups.

Mr Nkwinti’s group called itself the Civic Organi-
sation. It had representatives of black students, black
industrial and domestic workers, black pensioners
and farmers. It presented the Employers’ Federation
with a list of 20 grievances or demands relating to the
boycott.

The list was a catalogue of the detritus of apart-
heid: demands for a new school; demands that the
police and troops get out of the township; demands
for the release of several young people and students |
held in detention; demands that a beer hall in the
township be closed down and the building turned over
to the community for a combination community hall,

55

“eréche and vegetable shop; demands for an end to

separate entrances in white shops; for a more hu-
mane attitude toward black workers by white em-
ployers; for a single, non-racial municipality; for a:
forgiveness of rent arrears on the Government houses
in which blacks live.

‘The list was presented at a town hall meeting — in
itself newsworthy. The white group had to go to the
local magistrate to get permission to meet black
leaders.

Three groups

The whites took the list, went out of the hall for
half-an-hour, studied it, and came back with their
reply. They had separated the demands into three
groups: moral and socio-economic issues; Govern-
ment-administrative issues, and political issues.

On the moral and socio-economic issues, such as
the beer hall, white attitudes, separate shop en-

‘ trances, job creation, the whites pledged immediate
} support and action.

On the administrative issues, such as the new

* school, the rent arrears, they said they would make

representations and set up meetings with the appro-
priate Government agencies.

On the political issues — police activities, deten-
tions, an amalgamated, non-racial democratic munic-
ipality — they used careful wording to say they
wouldn't reject what the black community was ask-
ing for but neither would they speak on the black
community’s behalf.

They also pledged to work with the black commu-
nity for a better joint community life, a pledge that
was to carry beyond the lifting of the shops boycott.

Nkwinti’s group took the white reply back to the
township. More than 6 500 (of the 13000 total men,
women, children) turned up for a community meet-
ing. The boycott was lifted.

It is possible the boycott was lifted as much be-
cause of the white response to the black grievances
as because of something else Mr de Bruin told the
black leaders at their first meeting:

“I told them that I admitted with shame that we
knew what conditions were like in the black town-
ship.

“One of the leading businessmen from Queenstown
telephoned me this morning and asked me what it is
that we were doing right and they were not.

“I said: ‘Look, you've got to eat humble pie at this
stage. Because if you tell me as a businessman in
Queenstown that you were unaware of what was
going on in your black township where you get most
of your income from your bottle shop, then I'll. tell
you you're a liar. That is the first thing you say —
that you're bloody ashamed’.”

Mr de Bruin said: “And that unfortunately is it. We
admitted that at our first meeting.”

The results since then have been impressive.

There has been the end of racially separate shop
entrances, the reports of a changed attitude among
white employers. .

Mr de Bruin’s group arranged for a joint black-



Renamed.

Last season Cde Mugabe's farm -- which he has renamed Ngomahuru farm -- had 60
ha under Virginia tobacco and another 75 ha under maize. While Cde Mugabe
would not be drawn into the profitability of his operations, he said last year
he had a tobacco quota of 135,000 kg and that his average selling price is above

$3 per kg.

Cde Mugabe considers himself as primarily a tobacco grower and from the figures
he cited, there can be no doubt that Virginia tobacco is the money spinner of
Zimbabwe's agriculture. Virginia tobacco is a difficult crop to grow however,
said Cde Mugabe, it is expensive to grow and requires a great deal of experience.

"You have got to be meticulous about each stage of growing since if you do one
stage incorrectly it affects the subsequent stages."

Ngomahuru Farm is in many respects a model commercial farm. Besides achieving
high levels of productivity, the farm provides schooling for over 500 children
drawn from 10 neighbouring farms. The children pay only two dollars a term as
@ building levy for the development of new classrooms.

Mrs. Caroline Mugabe, the farmer's wife who is also a trained teacher is the
school's head teacher. All told there are 15 teachers at the school, eight of
whom at the time of the visit were student teachers. An issue that was raised
time and again during the visits was the provisions of schools for farm children.
The nearest secondary school from Ngomahuru farm is 10 km away, Cde Mugabe said,
while the nearest primary school to Minver Wag farm is eight kilometres away.

A striking feature of the four farmers visited was their urge to develop their
farms beyond the point where they found them. At Ngomahuru farm, Cde Mugabe,

in conjunction with two of his neighbours, is in the process of building a dam
which will allow him to irrigate another 100 ha in addition to the 2 ha presently
under irrigation. This will make it possible to expand the tobacco crop as well
as to grow wheat on a large scale.

Increase

Cde Anthony Marimo, another black commercial farmer who bought his farm only
in October last year at Concession but has already produced 1,000 tonnes of
maize, explained that the best way to increase the value of a farm is by in-
creasing its arable land. Cde Marimo is different from both Cdes Tembani and
Mugabe in that before taking up farming last year he was a civil engineering
contractor involved in building dams, roads, and in open cast mining.

So, is the country set along the way of producing a breed of efficient black
large-scale commercial farmers? This was the question put to Cde Thomas Nherera,
northern region manager of AFC. His answer was that these are early days yet.

The key to the success of white farmers, he said was that virtually all of them,
whatever the background, spent some time, usually at least two years, working

as farm managers, before striking out on their om. This was how a pool of
expertise was created and maintained among the country's large-scale white farmers.

1i9



JPRS=SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SPENDING POWER EXPECTED TO DOUBLE
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 29 Aug 85 p 18

[Article by Maud Motanyane]

[Text]

Black consumér spending power is
set to double over the next 15 years
and that of whites will rise by only
20 percent over the same period, a
University of South Africa market
research study has shown.

About R40000 million will be added
to South Africa’s total purchasing
power, with black purchasing power
making up 55 percent of the sum and
that of whites only 20percent, the
study found. ©

The predictions, made by Professor
M Loubser, research director of
Unisa’s Bureau of Market Research,
are based on the income and expendi-
ture trends in the Republic and nation-
al states between 1970 and 1985.

DOWNSWINGS

The first five years of this period
showed an initial increase of 5,5 per-
cent in average real personal dispos-
able income per person of whites. This
was followed by downswings of 3,6 per-
cent between 1975 and 1980 and 5,8 per-
cent between 1980 and 1985.

For blacks, average personal dispos-
able incomes showed a sharp increase
of 27,5 percent during the first five
years of the 15-year-period, but began
to lose momentum from 1975 onwards.

Black consumers now commanded _

an average of 35percent more pur-
chasing power than in 1970 while
whites had an average of 4,1 percent
Jess purchasing power than they had 15
years ago.

21

If the personal disposable incomes of
blacks mantained the 1970-1975 tempo |
of growth, their total disposable in-
come could risé by 120 percent.This
would mean an additional R50 000 mil-
lion on to their purchasing power — an
increase of 216 percent.

“The steadily increasing share of
blacks and decreasing share of whites
in the total personal disposable income

- was clearly evident from the 15-year-

study,” Professor Loubser said.

“Tf we accept that the growth rate of
the past 15 years will be maintained
over the coming 15 years, we may ex-
pect a 50 percent increase in the total
personal disposable income,” Professor
Loubser concludes.

“Black purchasing power will double
while that of whites will increase by
‘only 20 percent,” he said.

The former group will command
R46 000 million of the market while the
latter group will hold R48 000 million
of the market.

Blacks would enlarge their market
share in food, clothing, footwear, alco-
holic beverages, washing and cleaning
materials, dry-cleaning and laundry *
markets — areas they already domin-
ated. .

In addition they would take prece-
dence in markets for education, furni-
ture, household equipment, cigarettes,
tobacco, personal care and patent med-

_ icines.

Although white consumers - would
mantain a slightly greater share of the
market for some time, this would de-
cline from the current 55,5 percent to
42,5 percent by the year 2 000. 1



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained. .

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed, Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS*SSA“85+091
27 September 1985

ZIMBABWE

CHINA GIVES LOAN FOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
Harare THE HERALD in English 31 Aug 85 pp 1, 7

[®ext] China has given Zimbabwe an interest-free loan of $25 million to enable
the comtry to finance development projects under its forthcoming five-year
development plan, the Prime Minister, Cde Mugabe, said here yesterday.

He told Zimbabwean journalists accompanying his delegation on a tour to China
and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea that the loan agreement had already
been signed.

The money would be used when the plan was launched in January, he said. Further
aid had been pledged to support the plan and to develop Zimbabwe's economy
either through technical expertise or joint venture projects.

More than a hundred air force pilots would be trained by the Chinese experts.
The two countries would continue to cooperate in the field of defence generally,
the Prime Minister said.

China planned to sell air force planes to Zimbabwe, he added.

Air Vice-Marshal Josiah Tungamirai is in Beijing for talks about the training
of air force officers.

The Prime Minister said the basic aim of his visit to the socialist countries
was to strengthen ties and to find ways of boosting economic cooperation.

The five-year development plan should be implemented with the help of friendly
countries who did not regard Zimbabwe merely as a trading or business partner.

Korea and China had been responsive to Zimbabwe's problems before and after
independence and had indicated they would help develop agriculture, particularly
through irrigation projects and the introduction of cheap but efficient implements.

China had made tremendous advances in agriculture and Cde. Mugabe was interested

in the introduction of the small "walking" tractor which he said would be suitable
in the tsetse fly-infested areas of Mashonaland Central and the Zambezi Valley.

115



TUCSA SEEN SHEDDING RIGHT-WING IMAGE

JPRS*SSA*85+091

27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 4 Sep 85 p 15

[Text]

Signs of the turbulent times South Africa is living *

through are evident on the agenda for the 31st annual
Tucsa conference, which opens on Monday. ~

It will be opened by Professor Nic Wiehahn, direc-
tor of the School of Business Leadership at Unisa.

Tucsa (Trade Union Council of South Africa) is
the country’s largest union co-ordinating body with 45
affiliated unions representing 340 464 members.
Three-quarters of the members are black (including
coloured people and Indians).

This year Tucsa has invited a broad range of
unions, including emergent ones, to attend the con-
ference.

Having been accused in recent years of being a
smiddle-of-the-road organisation with right-wing lean-
ings, its agenda this year appears to want to wipe out
this image.

Conspicuous are a host of quasi-political issues
ranging from South Africa’s reform timetable to con-
cern about abuse of police power.

A resolution submitted by the National Union of
Clothing Workers calls on the Government to make a

sincere and forthright commitment urgently to fun-:

damental change in South Africa; to make plain its
intentions so that these can be discussed and nego-
tiated openly; and set a clear timetable for the
changes and reforms which are necessary.

FEARS OF VIOLENCE

The resolution suggests that unless such change
takes place urgently, South Africa could face escalat
ing inter-community violence and the transition to a
just and peaceful future would be made more diffi-
cult.

The Garment Workers’ Union of the Western Prov-
ince has a hard-hitting motion regarding police ac-
tion. A softened version of the motion, taking the
country’s emergency regulations into account, is sug-
gested in an amendment to be debated.

The garment workers say they are perturbed by
the actions of the police in the pursuance and execu-
tion of their duties, and are of the opinion that the
police do not in all instances act in a protective and
_Supportive manner towards the general public.

The workers claim that certain members: of the

cso: 3400/1099

64

“police make themselves guilty of power abuse.

Two other resolutions will ask the Tucsa confer-
ence to reaffirm the organisations’ commitment to
the rule of just law, and single out detentions without
trial and the banning of people as contrary to the
concept of just law.

The early abolition of influx control, the scrapping
of the Group Areas and Black Labour Acts, the intro-
duction of a national health service, the need to ex-
tend freehold rights to all races, the provision of suf-
ficient sub-economic housing, and the establishment
of one unitary education system are other issues on
the agenda.

There is also evidence of deep concern about eco-
nomic issues.

UNEMPLOYMENT CONCERN

The Sweet Workers’ Union will propose that local
authorities should not evict residents from their
homes when the breadwinners are unemployed. Suit-
able arrangements should be made for arrear rent to
be paid off after work is obtained again.

Another proposal asks that general sales tax be .
abolished on foodstuffs so that “the poor and the
unemployed can be spared the cost of this extra tax
burden”.

The Textile Workers’ Industrial Union proposes an
appeal to the Government to make funds available
“so that all unemployed persons can receive some
subsistence for survival in these times of unprece-
dented unemployment”.

They will also voice concern about the need for
import controls. They claim unrestricted imports
have destroyed thousands of South African workers’
jobs over the past year. .

Among the important labour matters on the agen-
da is a proposal. that the Labour Relations Act be
amended to afford protection to legal strikers, and
the reduction of fees for affiliation to Tucsa.

Whether or not a new Tucsa general secretary will
be elected is still in the balance. Since the death of
Mr Arthur Grobbelaar last year, Mrs Ruth Imrie has
been acting general secretary.

A national executive meeting on Sunday — before
the conference — will decide the election question.


STANBIC: QUANTIFY SOUTH AFRICA'S LIABILITIES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 3 Sep 85 p 4

[Text] ‘DURING the next four months, while the re-"

ment of foreign debt Is suspended, the au-
orities should ty to quantify the country’s
foreign currency liabilities and establish the
“net forward dollar positions of all dealers.

* This step is recommended by the Standard

‘Bank Investment Corporation (Stanbic) in its —

‘International Comment.

! From this it will be possible to estimate the "

potential net supply of foreign currency to the
economy on the
‘account surplus.
\ This projection of total supply of foreign

currency will be facilitated by the elimination
of major categories of capital outflows up to

the end of this year, as for example, short-term
foreign credits and portfolio disinvestment
through the reintroduction of the financial
rand.

; ,, From next year capital outflows will be
‘determined on the basis of the negotiations

with foreign creditors but it can be assumed .
that repayments will be effected in an orderly, .

predetermined schedule over a number of
years, . .
This exercise of establishing the total supply
and demand of foreign currency is vital be-
* cause it materially affects the country's
wth prospects and has serious implications
ie the local money and capital market condi-
ions.
© _ The authorities should take note of the fol-
lowing factors when allocating the available
foreign currency funds:
: OThe extent to which dollars will be supplied
* to the market to stabilise the rand/dollar ex-
change rate;
OThe Reserve Bank should specifically con-
sider what rand/dollar exchange rate is in the
- national interest. * : .

cso: 3400/1099

75

s of the projected current

JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


I am of the firm belief that
such a state of affairs if al-
lowed to get out of hand could
easily denigrate us to the dan-
gerous point of creating poli-
tical parties consisting of
one ethnic or tribal group.

Hence, it is an essential
duty of this government as well
as all democracies to pre-empt
and take all necessary. precau-
tions to safeguard such an oc~
currence if other essential
values are to be promoted and
protected in the nation.

Democracy demands that people
must have a choice and they
must be free to make their
choice without fear of molesta-
tion or deprivation of other
fundamental rights.

Again it cannot be assured
that this means people must
have unlimited choices or that
these choices must be available
at the expense of civil dis-
turbance or other major uphea-
vals in a nation.

Consideration will first have
to be given to the sociologi-
cal, historical, cultural, eco-
nomic, political and other such
settings of a particular na-
tion.

For instance, it has often
been observed that it is diffi-
cult to establish true democra-
cies in nations where majority
of the people live in poverty
and are illiterate (in our case
we are considered to be among
the world's poorest nations
and we have an illiteracy rate
of 88 per cent).

A proto-type western democra-
cy could hardly exist here now
nor would we be doing any jus-
tice to our people by imposing
it upon them.

11

WAY OF LIFE

. No matter how beautiful and
inspiring the platitudes of
democracy may sound and how
much we may admire democratic
nations such as our longtime
and closest friend, the United
States of America, our particu-
lar setting demands patience
and a commitment to gradually
educating our people in raising
their consciousness to appre-
ciate the values of democracy.
Such acts always require time.

Forcing all aspects of demo-
cracy on any nation without
due consideration of the way
of life of the people is not
only fool-hardy, but could lead
to too much suspicion and aver-
sion for such a system no mat~
ter how we perceive it to be
the summa bonun of political
systems.

Finally, I do not believe
that it is any mistake that
the great United States which
is considered the greatest de-
mocracy in the world with a
population of 200,000,000 peo-
ple actually has in essence
only two political parties.
Can it be assumed that Ameri-
cans are deprived of fundamen-
tal rights, not given any or
sufficient choices or that the
majority of American citizens
must be disenfranchised?

I am of the strong conviction
that it is the greater need,
urge and demand for unity which
impel, encourage and sustain
only two major political par-
ties in a great nation like
the United States. As our own
Zack and Geebah put it in their
song "United we stand, divided
we fall..."



JPRS#*SSA+85*091
27 September 1985

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ARMY'S TWO SELF-RELIANCE PROJECTS--The army is implementing the Prime Minister's
call for defence with production with the launching of two self-reliance projects.
The projects are Mushanklike, administered by Four Brigade in Masvingo, and
Mushumbi Pools, run by Two Brigade. Speaking at the Harare Show yesterday, a
spokesman for the army said: "This is phase one towards the army's goal of
self-sufficiency." At Mushandlike the soldiers are growing maize, soyabeans,
vegetables, sorghum and sunflower as well as keeping poultry, pigs, fish,
rabbits and cattle. Some of the crops are irrigated. "As a registered member
of the Grain Marketing Board all our produce goes to them and the money goes to
the Treasury for future use." At Mushumbi Pools the army has produced 331 bales
of cotton since 1983 on its 40 ha land. The spokesman attributed the amy's
success to hard work by its members. "We send our men and women to agricultural
institutions for expert tuition. This expertise is not only used by _us, but

we impart the knowledge to the locel_populace free of charge." /Text/ [faxave
THE HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 p 1p

BULGARIA FARM LINK--Zimbabwe and Bulgaria have agreed to set up a joint agricul-
tural society and to broaden their relations, the Bulgarian Embassy in Harare
said yesterday. The embassy said in a statement that the agreement followed
talks at the second session of the joint Zimbabwe-Bulgarian commission for
economic cooperation held in Sofia. The talks were attended by the Minister of
Trade and Commerce, Cde Oliver Munyaradzi, and the Minister of Labour » Manpower
Planning and Social Welfare, Cde Frederick Shava. /Text/ /Harare THE HERALD in
English 30 Aug 85 p 11/

SPANISH WHEAT OFFER--Zimbabwe yesterday received a gift of 700 tonnes of wheat
donated by Spain and presented to the Government by Spain's Charge d'Affaires,
Mr. Manuel Salazar. Receiving the gift on behalf of the Government, the Deputy
Minister od Labour, Manpower Planning and Social Welfare, Cde Alexio Mudzingwa,
said the wheat came at the right time when Zimbabwe was providing protection and
care to over 15,000 displaced persons from Mozambique and refugees from South
Africa, Although the past season had been a good one » there were parts of the
country that still needed food assistance. Mr. Salazar said the wheat aid was
part of Spain's aid programme to Africa that had experienced a severe spell of
drought. This year's wheat crop in Zimbabwe has been estimated to rival the
record post~independence production of 212,000 tonnes of 1982. An official of
the Zimbabwe Cereals Production Association was recently quoted as saying that
this year would experience a bumper harvest and that the nation's capacity of
bakeries and millers was 350,000 tonnes. The Deputy Minister of Lands, Agri-

124


IJPRS*SSA“854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SELECTED TABLES, LABOR STATISTICS FOR JULY 1985
Johannesburg IIR INFORMATION SHEET in English Jul 85 pp 16-20

[Excerpts]

TABLES AND STATISTICS

PLEASE NOTE: All facts and figures which appear in the following tables are based on newspaper sources as well as contact
with the organisations involved. In some cases itis impossible to obtain further details.

SECTOR REASONS NO. WILLINGNESS:
COMPANY FOR seven RE. SEVERANCE TO SOURCE
RETRENCHMENT ‘TRENCHED RE-EMPLOY
SA Stevedores Transport Low cargo Gwu 74 Unknown ‘Unknown Daily Dispatch
volumes 9/7/85
Holiday Inns Services Low demand for - Unknown, Unknown, Unknown Daily Dispatch
accommodation 18!
WEA Manufacturing Competition and - 2000 Unknown Unknown Business Day
recession 9/7/85
Baldwins Stee! Manufacturing Recession SEAWU 56 Unknown, ‘Unknown, ‘Sowetan 9/7/85
Rex Trueform Manufacturing Recession CLOWU +70 Unknown Unknown Cape Times
14/7/85
Grahamstown Manufacturing Closure of Pottery - 170 Unknown S monthly paid Daily Dispatch
Potteries employees to be 19/7/85
(Continental placed within
jina) group
HexBox Textiles Manufacturing Recession - 800 Unknown Jobs to be phased | Daily Dispatch
‘outbetweennow | 18/7/85
and October
Argus Group (The | Manutacturing Cotinued losses - 80 ‘Unknown: Efforts will be Business Day
Friend) made to place staff | 30/7/85; Citizen
atother branches | 30/7/85.
PARTIES: SECTOR MONTH CONTENTS OF AGREEMENT SOURCE
Rowen and NAAWU, ‘Manufacturing (Motor) July Agreement includes clause whereby company __| Financial Mail 19/7/85
undertakes not to dismiss strikers for 4 weeks,
provided they have adhered to agreed dispute
Procedures

70



JPRS*SSA+85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL, FINANCIAL CRISIS SEEN AS REPLAY OF 1960

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 4 Sep 85 p 6

[Article by Stanley Uys:

[Text]

Africa had just Slipped downa

notch or two in the interna-

tional media’s news ratings
when along came the financial cri-
sis.

Ti POLITICAL crisis in South

There is nothing like a financial
crisis to arouse everybody's interest.

There seems to be an unspoken as-
sumption that we can live with politi-
cal crises, but that a financial crisis is
some kind of crunch — that when
organised business send deputations
to the government and top business
leaders fly to Lusaka to see the ANC,
a day of reckoning is at hand.

Well, is it at hand? I wish I could
believe it.

My difficulty is that I have been
refreshing my memory of what hap-
pened after the Sharpeville distur-

inces in 1960 and it is like seeing the
re-run of an old movie.

Business leaders were just as agi-
tated then as they are now. They is-
sued solemn warnings about the eco-
nomic disasters that lay ahead unless
the government changed course and
they marched in deputations to see
cabinet ministers. They were ex-
tremely worried.

The state of emergency, declared
on March 30, 1960, lasted five months
(although the worst was over in six
weeks), during which time about 1 800
people (among them almost 100
whites) were taken into political de-
tention and almost 20 000 blacks were
arrested for pass and other offences.

The pass laws were even briefly sus- ‘

pended.

28

: in the business community for apart- ©

B.. when the unrest eventually
subsided and the country returned to
what passes for “normality,” pressure

heid changes similarly subsided. Busi-
nessmen went back to making profits

* and SA entered an ice age in relations

between the white authority and the
black population.

It is instructive to look at the kind
of things businessmen were saying
and doing after Sharpeville, because
the parallel with what is happening
now is quite striking.

For example, even before the
emergency was declared on March
30, the chairman of the Wool Board,
Dr J H Moolman, had weighed in with
a call to industrialists to make a joint
approach to the government urging it
to change its policies.

Will the present chairman of the
Wool Board please stand up? :

Then a succession of business or-
ganisations began voicing their
alarm.

The Cape Chamber of Industries
saw the Prime Minister and asked for
a multiracial commission of inquiry
into the causes of the disturbances;
the Afrikaanse Handelsinstituut
rushed off to see the government; and
the SA Federated Chamber of Indus-
tries presented a memorandum to
five cabinet ministers declaring that
blacks had genuine grievances and
that the only solution lay in consulta-
tion with black leaders.

"I Heard the Same Economic Warnings 25 Years Ago"]


cso

ble membrane which retains the con-
taminants in the reject brine solution.

Electrodialysis is based on the
principle that most dissolved salts are
jonic and attracted to opposite elec-
trical charges. To utilise this phen-
omenon to desalinate water,
membranes which allow cations or
anions — but not both — to pass are
placed alternately between elec-
trodes. The arrangement results in
concentrated and diluted solutions
being formed in the spaces between
alternating membranes.

An alternative to the two-stage re-
verse osmosis/ion exchange process
is used at the Vierfontein power sta-
tion in the preparation of boiler feed
water. .

It involves pre-treatment of the
domestic water supply, followed by
a two-stage reverse osmosis process.

‘The main potential applications of
desalination processes are new and
existing power stations and major in-
dustries and mines in areas with in-

creasing dissolved solids in the water .

supply, says Schutte.

‘A factor which could affect the
application of desalination, particu-
larly in the PWV region, is that cer-
tain industrial users are allocated high
quality Vaal Dam water instead of
the poorer quality general supply.

“This preferential treatment of
certain industries results in an in-
creased cost to others which receive
the normal supply, since diversion

3400/1099

99

of large volumes of better quality
water results in a poorer quality for
that remaining.

“It would therefore seem reason-
able that a premium be placed on the
price of the better quality water. If
this is done, the economics of de-
salination of the normal water supply
for special applications, as opposed
to using or desalinating the better
quality water at a higher price, may
result in the application of more de-
salination equipment,”’ he adds.

Rethink

Schutte says the estimated addi-
tional cost to the PWVS region of
using water of 500 mg/litre TDS in-
stead of 300 mg/litre is R77-million
a year. If the figure should rise to
800 mgilitre, the additional cost over
300 mg/litre water would be R139-

The figures for industry only in
this region are R37-million and R57-
million respectively.

“It is clear that the situation re-
sulting in continuously increasing
mineral pollution of water supplies,
with the resulting economic impli-
cations to industry and the water
economy as a whole, should be crit-
ically scrutinised with a view to in-
troducing control mechanisms to
control the increase in the mineral
content in water supplies to vulner-
able areas,” he says.



[Hendrickse] It is unfortunate that I must say it. I did not want
to mention names, but it is a fact that that charge against Dr Boesak
came from outside. Following Craddock and his visit to New York, the
whole question of where the colored stood was posed to him thereafter,
he returned and at the first meeting at the university of the Western
Cape there was trouble that afternoon. The meetings at Paarl,
Wellington, Worcester and Stellenbosch were all troublesome. As far
as I am concerned...

[Le Roux interrupting] Why is Boesak's influence so strong?

[Hencrickse] I feel that if people--I want to recognize his rights

in terms of leadership, but then one should not exploit. one's leader-
ship position as far as it promotes one's self-esteem and so on. You
know it was clearly stated: [changes to English] "I will decide when
the consumer boycott ends." [Reverts to Afrikaans] And this sort of
thing I questioned in the community when Dr Boesak, for example, as

we told the newspapers, causes children not to attend school while his
own children attend school, and we are looking at a situation where for
example, at (Immaculata) where his daughter attends school, that
classroom was attached. Now, in the whole situation there is exploita-
tion, and we believe that we must contribute to a solution and. not to
further exploitation or further violence. I also do not believe that
violence is.the answer in our situation because it is a matter...
[changes thought] May I just mention, just this morning... [changes
thought] The matter os Martin Lutner King Jr, and it is perhaps very
important that people try to formulate their lives on the model of
Martin Luther King--the March from Memphis to Montgomery and, therefore,
a march from Athlone to Pollsmoor. But he put it so clearly when he
said [changes to English] "Villence is immoral, because it thrives

on hatred rather than on love; impractical, because it is a descending
spiral, ending in the destruction of all." [Reverts to Afrikaans]

And that is what we are trying to say now, that it is not only a matter
of opposition. It is the children who are going to suffer under it,
and our task, our responsibility, is to prepare for that future. If
constitutional changes come, as we are attempting to do, and hope that
it will come, then our people have to be ready to move into those
positions,

[Le Roux] But, sir, how involved are the colored parliamentarians?
Because, if they were involved, would they not have had a greater
influence on the unrest situation and been able to calm it down?
[Hendrickse] I think they are very much involved, but in this situation,
one has also to look at the fact that even parents have begun to fear
their children. And teachers...

[Le Roux interrupting] You mean parents are afraid of their children?

35



demand. Remove the growth,
and the cost price of electricity
soars.

Growth/cost link

“Apart from that,” said Mr
Rilly, “for the past five years
the cost price of electricity to
the consumer. has been lower
than the cost of production.”

Escom has been borrowing
money on local and overseas
markets to make up the differ-
ence.

“During 1983 — the low point
of the world recession — Rea-
ganomics started to work and
provided employment,”. he
said. “The measures stimulated
American industry into a more

_ healthy state. Europe and;

Japan followed the American
recovery.

“Asa result, mining, which is

_ hot really impacted by the
domestic economy, was in-
fluenced by what happened in
those countries and sales in-
creased. The industry was also
affected by the favourable ex-
change rate.”

The competitive advantages
offered by the éxchange rate
also boosted ferro-alloy pro-
ducers (ferro-chrome, ferro-sil-
icone and ferro-manganese)
and iron and steel makers.

Iscor was running at capaci-
ty, keeping employment in
South Africa and establishing
themselves in overseas mar-
kets.

Said an Escom spokesman:
“During the 1983 recession
there was a very small in-
crease in the amount of elec-
tricity sold — only 2,2 percent.

“Since the tail end of 1983
and in 1984 specifically there
has been a large recovery. Part
of the healthy growth in elec-
tricity sales that we have expe*
rienced up to now in 1985 can
be attributed to this ‘coming
out of the depression’ by the
ferro-alloy and allied indus-
tries, which are largely depen-
dent on the export market.”

A ferro-alloy producer's fur-
nace could use half the power *
required to run a town the size
of Witbank.

Platinum sales grew by
18 percent in 1984, party due to
recovery in the United States

60

where the metal was used as a
component in car exhausts,
said the spokesman. It was also
used in jewellery in Japan.

“The mining sector of
Escom’s sales has much inertia
and is dominated by gold-min-
ing, which is not sensitive to
the economy as such, but is in-
fluenced by the world gold

rice.

“Gold-mining is electricity
intensive compared to other
mining industries such as coal.
The supply of electricity to the
mining sector is remarkably
high in South Africa compared
to Western economies.”

About 72 percent of all elec-
tricity supplied to the mining
sector is used by gold mines.
About 10 percent goes to plati-
num mines and six percent to
coal-mining.

The mining sector has re-
corded a 4,2-percent average
growth in electricity demand
over the past five years.

Biggest consumer

A large gold mine can have
an electricity demand a third
as big as Durban’s — Escom’s
largest single consumer with a
peak demand of 1000 me-
gawatts. (Escom’s record de-
mand at any time is just under
18 000 megawatts).

Johannesburg and other
cities use less because they
partly supply their own power.

In the industrial sector,

Escom has a small number of !

large consumers, one being

Sasol 2 and 3 in the eastern “’

Transvaal.

ae

After Sasol come the iron

and steel industries. One Iscor
plant can use up to 300 me-
gawatts.

This sector recorded a
growth of 11,9 percent in 1984
over the previous year. In 1983
it was only 4,3 percent.

‘The export-led ferro-alloy in-
dustry — now competing more
often with producers in devel-
oping countries — had a

+ 32,2 percent increase in de-

mand in 1984 over the previous
year.

Escom, one of the 10 biggest
electricity utilities in the world
with 27 power stations operat-
ing and five under construc-
tion, has a higher growth rate


JPRS*SSA=85091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI CONDEMNS ATTACKS BY BLACKS ON BLACKS
MB062047 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1943 GMT 6 Sep 85

[Text] Ulundi, 6 Sep SAPA--The Zulu leader, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi,
today criticized “political illiterates," who he said were behind the
recent wave of arson attacks by blacks on blacks and the advocacy of
disinvestment.

Opening the Mpumalanga workshop and training center near Hammarsdale,
he warned that the R5.5 million complex would be a prime target for
those who favored chaos and he called on members of Inkatha "to remove
their gloves when it comes to protecting buildings and facilities
financed through their own funds."

Chief Buthelezi said the "selfishness" pervading the black political
scene was "mind-boggling."

People were advocating strategies they knew would hurt neither them
nor their families.

A careful look at the list of black leaders who advocated disinvestment
showed that more than 90 percent of them were unlikely to be hit by
the escalating poverty that would follow such a policy.

Most of them, locally and overseas, were people with safe jobs, good
salaries and pension prospects and insurance policies for their families.

Among these were many who advocated the boycott of facilities available
to blacks because, they claimed, they were part of the "system."

Referring to people who urged black children to boycott schools, he
said: “You will invariably find that today they have their own
children in some of the best multiracial schools, like Epworth, Hilton,
Michaelhouse and others."

This was not only selfishness but extreme hypocrisy, especially among
the clergy.

31



EXPLANATION FOR INTERNATIONAL REJECTION SOUGHT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Sep 85 p 20

{article by Daan de Kock]

[Text]

INERNATIONAL

markets have rejected
South Africa — a
country also following
the free market system
— and we should ask
ourselves why, Mr
Jack van Wyk, former
senior general man-
ager of Sanlam and
past president of the
Afrikaans —_ Handels-
instituut (AHI) said at
the regional congress
of the AHI in Kemp-
ton Park yesterday.

On the free market sys-
tem, Mr Van Wyk said

3400/1099

what was needed now was

a plan with measurable
objectives within a given
time-span in order to rec-
tify the situation.

We should jask our-
selves why the free coun-
tries used double stan-
dards when it came to
South Africa. There must
be a reason for this and
we must try to establish
this reason as soon as
possible.

We must use our vari-
ous institutions more to
make a better job over-

63

seas to inform people
what was going on in
South Africa.

On the economic front
our biggest problem at
the moment was undoubt-
edly inflation. He accused
the Government of doing
too little to fight this evil.

We put to much em-
phasis on things like the
money supply and inter-
est rates to curb inflation.
There were many other
measures we could use.
We must also start to look
at our cost structures.

JPRS*SSA*85~091

27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA
Mr Van Wyk said
South Africa went
through three _ serious

..erises in the past 13

months. In the first place
there was the monetary
onslaught from the Re-
serve Bank in the form of
austerity measures. Then
we had announcement of
a State of Emergency not
so long ago and last week
we were plunged into a fi-
nancial crisis because we
cannot pay our debts.

Mr Van Wyk said these
three crises hurt, but now
we should regard them as
frantic signals to get our
house in order.



PE READIES FIRST LIGHT RAIL TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 3

[Text]

cso:

Port Elizabeth residents look set to receive
the country’s first light rail transportation
system.

This follows the acceptance of a study
report completed by the city’s traffic de-
partment.

3400/1099
100

Chief traffic engineer for Port Elizabeth,
Geoff Dazeley, told Engineering Week: “The
study report has been considered by the city
council and by the coloured management
committee, but has yet to be considered by
the metropolitan

Ivisory board, the ad-
ministrator and the national

“The recommendations
of the report are very posi-
tive and the reaction we have
received has been very fa-
vourable.”

Teport suggests that
the core city make a firm
commitment to the provi-
sion of public transport fa-
cilities within the Port

i metropolitan area
with a view to providing a
balanced transportation sys-
tem rather than an exclusive
toad-orientated system,

It recommends that trans-
portation corridors, suitable
for light rail, be identified
to serve both the northern
and black residential areas
and that the land be reserved
as future transit corridors.

A feasibility study is to be
undertaken to ascertain the
practicality of light rail
transit in the immediate fu-
ture in the Standford road
transportation corridor.

This study should be
complete by December this
year or early 1986.

Another factor in favour
of the system is that the city
council already owns most
of the property likely to be
used in the implementation
of the project.

JPRS*SSA¥854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS=SSA=854091
27 September 1985

ZIMBABWE

ARMY ENGINEERS CLEAR 500 KM OF ROADS OF MINES
Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Aug 85 pl
[Erticle by Tim Chigodo/

[Text7 The army has cleared landmines from about 500 km of roads throughout
the country, making them safe for use by the public, the Secretary for Defence,
Cde James Chitauro, said yesterday.

Some 750 km of minefields had been laid during the war and clearing them had been
@ vast and difficult exercise, he said. The mines had caused death and injuries
among civilians and army engineers.

Cde Chitauro told The Herald mine clearance was a slow, meticulous process
because safety of the engineers was of paramount importance and the cleared
areas had to be absolutely safe for the use of the public.

Mine clearance was controlled by a national mine clearance committee composed of
several ministries, with the work being carried out by army engineers. All
requests for tasks by specific organisations or ministries were channelled
through the Ministry of Defence.

The major equipment used in the removal of mines from the roads had been contrib-
uted by the United States and Britain as a result of the Zimcor exercise. Other
equipment was given by West Germany.

Clearance had been undertaken of the Mutare end of the oil pipeline to replace
old pipe sections and render the area safe for maintenance including:

--"Safe gaps" in the minefield on the eastern border to allow electricity to be
supplied to certain areas in Mozambique.

--Area clearance to allow Alumina Mine on the Zimbabwe/Mozambique border to be
worked. The mine is one of the two sources of bauxite in Africa and produces
aluminium sulphate for provision of clear water.

--Area clearance at Deka to allow access to water and to fish in the Zambezi
River.

122


with the idea of treating urban Africans differently [words indistinct]
measures vis-a-vis (words indistinct]. In any event, what is better
known is that certain better [word indistinct] such as salaries, better
conditions, were granted to the Indian community and the colored
community, although all of them are a part of the oppressed people of
our country. Therefore, they will set up at war with each. other on

a communal level. [Words indistinct] such as the 99-year leasehold

of the so-called land tenure freehold for Africans. It is within
[words indistinct] to serve for the maintenance of that system, which
is for the benefit of the white ruling class. He then is confronted
with the situation of how [words indistinct]. Now the. enemy knows
that black people are in revolt, and it is already (advocating for
peace). .[passage indistinct]

Manned by blacks and ordered by whites, these death squads have come
into being in order to terrorize the masses of our people. The death
squads have already taken a tremendous toll on our people's lives.
[Words indistinct] disguised some of those death squads into the form
of a UDF-Zaapo quarrel. It used agents, for instance in the eastern
Cape, holding [word indistinct] who have risen to a position in Azapo,
and therefore try to [words indistinct] not only the ANC put the people
at home en masse recognized and saw through this maneuver.

In Johannesburg, in the Vaal trianble in the Eastern Province, the
existence of these death squads is well known [words indistinct] but
the white community [words indistinct], Similarly, they have tried
to pose [words indistinct] between UDF and [words indistinct], What
is the reality? The reality is that [word indistinct] the mastermind
behind all these developments is the enemy, but it is using blacks.
It is using them to unleash a situation where we should turn our eyes
into our own ranks and therefore give face to the enemy.

[Words indistinct] to move every barrier in our way, But what is
happening in Natal, therefore, has another ugly dimension, It is that
sections of Inkatha membership in collaboration with the enemy are
being turned against [words indistinct] puppets from the Indian and
colored communities, and in this case specifically the Indian
community, and I refer to the other puppets, because it is going to
heppen in other parts of the country-~puppets from the Indian and
colored community under the control of [name indistinct] who is acting
for P. W. Botha are now carrying arms, setting up their ow wigilantes,
shooting on sight African people so as to transform the situation, they
hope, into an African-Indian [words indistinct] is a warning to the
ruling class, not just a warning to those misguided puppets amongst
the black community but [words indistinct]. What you are unleashing
today.is [words indistinct] ,

Today, P. W. Botha may come to the television screen and say that

there is no [words indistinct]. He says that because he thinks that
white people still sleep peacefully in their beds at night. [passage

41



liked it or not — if any foret

wished to sell his investment, he

could only receive the foreign cur-

rency if some other foreign inves- |

tor ught South African securi-
es,

Exchange

In the result a sophisticated ar-
bitrage market arose, but what-
ever else happened, no sale could
affect the reserves and the country
could not run short of foreign ex-
change if there was selling pres-
sure. y

What it meant in practice was
that the gap between the commer-
cial or ordinary rand and the finan-
celal rand increased.

‘The authorities abolished it and ©
with it exchange control for non;
residents. At the time there was
excess liquidity in our monetary |
system and some outflow of cap- |
ital was regarded as desirable, and |
it was said to be a step on the road ©
to eventual complete abolition of ;
exchange control. |

The option of allowing South
African institutions to invest in’
overseas securities which could be ;
sold and brought back in time of ;
need was rejected. |

When the political risk element |
was raised it was rejected by the
authorities. Exchange control was |
socialist, so it was said, the free |
market and market mechanism |
-was the answer. |

It was, however, never ex-
plained why the financial rand was _
a socialist tool and exchange con- .
trol for residents was not, but that '
is just by the way. ‘

Turning to loans, there are two '
issues: first, excessive short-term
borrowing is always dangerous. °

‘The hope of renewal of the loans, '
Le. roll-overs, in normal circum-
stances can be realised, but when
things go wrong, the maxim that a
banker Jends you an umbrella
when the sun shines and asks for it
back when it rains applies.

‘The second aspect is overseas «

cso: 3400/1099

borrowings by the banks.

‘When banks were given greater

wer in this regard, the then Min-

ter of Finance was asked for as-
surances on the degree of exposure
which would be permitted and the
monitoring by the authorities.

Assurances were given, but only
recently was a monit com-

, mittee appointed.

Certain banks (not all, I under-
stand) have substantial -term
foreign exposures; prior to the new

Banks Act, some of these, which *

consisted of loans obtained for
large corporate customers, were
regarded as off-balance sheet,
even though the bank was lable.

Now comes the day of reckoning.
The rand is low, the cost of repay-
ment in rand terms is high, not all
indebtedness is covered and
foreign exchange is not unlimited.

What role has politics played in
precipitating the crisis?

‘The perception of South Africa’s
political future to which I have
referred is material.

‘The agitation against the coun-
try, particularly in the USA, the
threatened sanctions legislation,
the “hassle” factor of shareholders

. asking questions at meetings, and
the threats of picketing all play a
role.

‘There was a build-up of expecta-
tions prior to the State ident’s
Durban speech, +

One can debate the merits and
demerits of the speech, but the is-

» gue is not whether the judgments
were right or wrong, but how the
speech was perceived and what re-
action it caused.

It would, however, be unfair to

in all the fault on the speech, as

e question of short-term loans

* and their non-renewal and of sell-

ing South African investments was
a talking point in financial circles
abroad long before the speech.

But what now? Rescheduling
debt on the part of the State woul
spoil a record which has existed
since the establishment of ‘the
Union in 1910 and would have long-
term repercussions.

83

ly

* different ay

~ Problem

Our world political position is
unique, and for us rescheduling, if
available, could have serious long-
term consequences.

‘We need to find other measures
which will enable our creditworth-
iness to remain beyond question.

‘The problem is, however, that if

+ we use our resources to pay off

foreign loans, if overseas capital

\ available is reduced substantially,

it will affect our ability to solve
our internal problems. -
‘The fewer jobs that are created
for an increasing population, the
more unemployment, the greater
the instability, and the more both

: internal and external pressure ac- ,
: celerates.

So there is a need for new politi-
cal hope. There is a need for bank-
ers and investors to have more
confidence that South Africa’s un-
rest can be ended and lasting poli-
tical solutions can be found.

‘The people need to be off the
streets and at work, the children
need to be at school, the leaders
need to be sitting at a-conference
table and evolving a means of
peaceful co-existence,

«If this perception can be con-
veyed to the foreign bankers and,
investors, then there will be quite a.
ch to the renewal
of loans and even fresh facilities,
and to long-term investments. ,

Politics have wrecked financial.
pass, but they can, if played right,

ring our economy back on course.
So how about it?

‘There are far more reasonable
people in South Africa than there
are revolutionaries and reaction-

aries.

Forget about fears of right-wing
reactionaries and let’s get the re-
form train back on the rails. Let

« not only the world outside, but our
own people, see that we are serious

in our endeavours to find peaceful
solutions.


The government is trying to reduce the influence of the Catholic
Church, which is seen by the authorities as a counterpower in this
small east-central African country of slightly more than 4 million
inhabitants, a large majority of whom are Catholics.

Lieutenant Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza's government also reproaches

the Church for being close to the majority Hutu tribe (80 percent of
the population) against the ruling Tutsi minority (20 percent).

csO: 3400/1116


Radio Truth Cites Venda Radio Transmissions
(Radio Truth, 8 Sep 85)...sseseeeeeceeresccereesercessesene

Naude Comments on Unrest at Inter-Regional WCC Meeting
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Sep 85) ..cseeveecscecceecserscsecsessescee

National Party Plans To Scrap Ban on Indians in OFS
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Sep 85) ..scceesceccceeecseecceseeseseeeecs

Rajbansi Welcomes Decision To Repeal Ban on Indians Living in OFS
(Brian Stuart; THE CITIZEN, 11 Sep 85).....seeeeeeeeeeeeees

Judge Orders Detained Churchmen To Be Freed
(THE CITIZEN, 12 Sep 85) .seeeecseeeeccecseerccesscesscceece

Coetsee Warns Afrikaners of Surrender Attitude
(THE CITIZEN, 11 Sep 85) ..eesseecercescecceesceccceseeeters

Media Criticized for Encouraging Blacks To Expect Liberation
(Otto Krause; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85)...seeeeseseceseereree

Town of Port Alfred Model for Black-White Cooperation
(Michael Valpy; THE STAR, 23 Aug [> ec

SAP Criticizes Call for Independent Investigation
(SAPA, 9 Sep 85) .scececcceececsccceceseseseeseeeeeeeecenere

Electricity Price Hike Explained
(Stephen McQuillan; THE SUNDAY STAR, 1 Sep 85)...eeeeeeeees

Reasons for Money-Market Decline Given
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 6 Sep [> eee

Explanation for International Rejection Sought
(Daan de Kock; THE CITIZEN, 6 Sep [en

TUCSA Seen Shedding Right-Wing Image
(THE STAR, 4 Sep 85)..cccesececeeccceeenserereeesseesesees

Farmers Stretch Credit To Plant Critical Crops
(Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Aug 85)..ceceeeeeeeseeeece

Sales Slump Forecast for Durables
(Liz Rouse; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Aug [ee

Reunert Computer Production, Export Reported
(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, L Sep 85) ..cceeeeceeeeeseneees

Computer Industry Price Increases Reported
(Kerry Clarke; THE SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85) ..seeeeeeceeceees

-c-

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gpRS+8sA-85+09%
27 September 19

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEMBERS INTERVIEWED

EA091854 Addis Ababa Radio Freedom in English to South Africa 1930 CMT
8 Sep 85

["Recent discussion" with ANC National Executive Committee members
Mac Maharaj and Chris Hani; date and place not given]

[Text] [Unidentified announcer] Compatriots, much has been said from
different corners about the current revolt that has spread throughout
our country. The imperialist media has tried to portray it as a
riotous situation without any direction whatsoever. The racists in
Pretoria are blaming everything on hooligans and so-called instigators.
But despite that distortion from the enemy, the situation in our
country remains one of a maturing revolutionary situation.

The ANC, together with its allies, have consistently called on the
people to take the battle to the enemy, to escalate the struggle. In
a recent discussion that Radio Freedom held with two members of the
National Executive Committee of ANC, Comrade Mac Maharaj and Chris
Hani, the first question that was discussed was the nature of the
current uprising. In explaining this, Comrade Mac Maharaj stated
that our country is in a state of permanent crisis.

(Begin Maharaj recording] Our country is today in a state of permanent
etig i fae NH crisis which the regime and its backers refuse to
acknowl >, hey live in a dream world and refuse to face reality.

What is happening is that our people have declared that the system of
racist rule is intolerable and that they are not prepared to put up

with it for 1 day longer. They are responding to the analysis of. the
leader of the liberation struggle, the ANC. They are, by their actions-~
whether they are members of the ANC or as part of the masses not
structured into an organization--responding to the analysis and call

of the ANC, which states very briefly that our duty now, at this stage,
is to make apartheid unworkable, to make the country ungovernable.

The Botha regime has declared martial law over 36 districts. The truth
is hidden in those 36 districts, because the truth is that the dis-
turbances, the uprising, the unrest are far wider than the 36 districts.
People today find the situation so intolerable that a rise in bus

38


COMPUTER INDUSTRY PRICE INCREASES REPORTED

JPRS*SSA¥85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 1"Sep 85 p 15

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

[Text]
MONDAY is D-Day for :

SA’s computer indus-

try.

Most computer companies
say the rand’s performance
tomorrow will be the decid-
ing factor on price increases.
‘A weak rand will mean large
price increases.

IBM has already an-
nounced price increases of
between 15% and 30% on its
computer equipment. Deal-
ers expect most other com-
puter companies to follow
suit, But several companies,
including ICL, Persetel and
Olivetti, say definite deci-
sions will be taken tomorrow.

To the wall

‘The latest increase means
that certain IBM personal
computer products have ri-
sen in price by about 40%
since January. The IBM PC
XT, for example, increased
16% in price in January, 5%
in May and 15% this week.
The IBM PC AT-2 increased

cso: 3400/1099

by 16% in January, 10% in

lay and 15% this week.

The price of IBM's large
central processors this week
increased by 25% — many
had gone up by 15% in May.

Where stocks are high,
typewriters, for example,
prices will not go up.

Gideon Malherbe, of the
Computer Shop, a large IBM
microcomputer dealer, says:
“About 10 to 15 small com-

wuter dealers will not survive
is knock.

“The small dealers with
low volumes will have an ex-
cellent few weeks as they sell
stock, but things will get dif-
ficult when they try to sell at
the new prices. do not
have the money to tide them
over.”

Mr Malherbe believes mi-
crocomputers are getting
close to a psychological price
barrier when it will become
increasingly difficult to sell.

He says IBM has with-
drawn its standard, bottom of
the range PC which sold for
about 4200. The cheapest
IBM PC, which “is more
powerful than the previous

ottomn-line model, will now
cost about R6 200.

“PCs are becoming an ex-
pensive commodity, and
prices of peripheral equip-
ment and software are also
going to soar.”

Olivetti, which sells most
microcomputers in SA after
IBM, has no plans to put up
prices within the next we
as it has adequate stocks.
However, if the rand is still
weak tomorrow, the com-
pany will start thinking
about increasing prices.

Forward cover

Hewlett-Packard has
adopted a novel approach to
fluctuating currency rates.

69

Personal. computer pro-
; ducts director Willem van
Tonder says: “We believe the
exchange rate will improve
and therefore we cannot go
into further forward cover as
we would be covering at too
low a level.
“We have changed from
covering all our orders to
dealing with the floating quo-

tation.

“Tf we take forward cover
* when filling an order from a
customer it will be detrimen-
tal to the client. We will fix
the price of the computer
equipment according to the
exchange rate on the day of
delivery.

“If we had decided on a
blanket price increase, we
would probably have had to
charge a third more.”

Microcomputer dealer
Dirk Leeuw, who is also head
of the Computer Dealers
division in the Business

uipment Association, says:
“Everyone will follow IBM’s
price increases, no matter
‘where the equipment comes
from, because the dollar, the
‘pound and the yen are all
strong against the rand.”



POSSIBILITY OF ECONOMIC RECOVERY DISCUSSED

JPRS*SSA*85+091

27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 1 Sep 85 p 1

[Article by David Carte]

[Text]

cso.

THE economy Is set

for recovery after
‘ol

short-term

been sorted out.

This emerges from the Re-
serve Bank’s economic re-

and Governor Gerhard «

Kock’s ch to the
bank’s annual meeting this
week, *

“There is little to be
by depressing dome
nomic activity still further,”
sald Dr de Kock, after high-
lighting several dramatic
improvements in the eco-
nomic fundamentals,

Globe trot’

Before Setting out on his

fund-raisit DrDe
Kock potntef oe”

@A year ago there was a
large deficit on the current
account of the balance of
payments, But now, thanks to
austerity and soaring ex-
ere was a large and
growing surplus.
@ Public-sector and private-
sector spending had ‘been
curbed and South Africa was
no longer living id its
means. Private savings had
risen dramatically. = ,
@ The money supply was un-
der better control
@ Government finances were
in much better shape.

jained
ic eco-

: 3400/1099

reign,
debt problems have'

@ The maize crop was better
than expected and imports
would not be necessary. (In-
deed, there could be a small
surplus for ex
Dr de Kock said: “A foun-
dation now exists on which a
sound economic recovery
can be built.”
alling its less restric-
tive intentions in spite of the
debt crisis, the Reserve Bank
has llowred the ee er
raft ral per-
centage points,

HP eased

In addition, hire-purchase
curbs were slackened to give
the hard- mniture
and consumer durables sec: «
tors relief.

Barclays Bank’s chief
economist, Johan Cloete, sald
yesterday: “I think we are in

78

a position to stage a-fairly
Th ra tr

e oy rau
matle closures ofthe foreign-
exchange and stock markets
were caused by a “run on the
cw ” that few nations in
the world could have with-
stood.

Australia

Another economist sald:

“Australia is in for shape,
but if it faced similar debt
repayment demands it would
also have been unable to

* comply.”

A Johannesburg Stock Ex-
change analyst said: “It was

*\ not unlike all the customers

of even the strongest bank in
the world withdrawi
money at once, It

ce
, ronteally, the trouble-

sim-

their.

some capital account of the
balance of payments showed.
a big. Improvement in the
quarter to June. In the last
quarter of 1984 and first
quarter of 1985, there was a
net outflow of R4,8-billlon,
As the rand sagged, im-
porters and exporters
stopped betting against the
currency, the leads and lags
turned positive and the
alarming net outflow was re-
duced to R9 000 in the second
quarter. ‘This, together with
e current account surplus
ensured an overall surplus on
the balance of payments.

Exports
Economists said immedi-

ately foreign loan I>
ments tailed o off in the wake
of this weekend’s package,
the proceeds of the current
account surplus would reach
the domestic income stream,
reduce interest rates and get
a soundly based export-led
recovery under way.
Standard Bank economist
Nico Czyplonka said techni-
cal factors, such as the cur-
rent account surplus, would

automatically result in a
short-term lift-off,

But he called for quick im-
lementation of a “confi-

fence:tngplrin gconomle
nt al .
term growth, © tong

It would have to incorpor-
ate changed social police
positive urbanisation, the
scrapping of the decentral-
isation drive, influx control
and laws hampering mall
business development


006029
JPRS-SSA-85-091

27 September 1985

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

‘
«
:
X
q
j
|
\
FBIS} FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
URRIONAL TECHNICAL | = :
|.» ipproved for i " os
INFORMATION GenyiCe | TDs Unie 2
wis 133

AGT,


JPRS#SSA*854091
27 September 1985

Says Jan Reynders, professor of Power Engineering at Wits: "Two 300 m long
765 kV sub-stations are currently being erected at Standerton and Bloemfontein
and will be the first commercial systems of their kind in the world. "In this
system electrical parts are insulated in metal containers filled with SF, gas,
and can fit into 5% of the space originally needed for a sub-station." fault
detéction in these sub-stations is part of the research carried out under Prof
Reynders. "We are also part of an international group working on the high
failure rate of glass insultators on the direct current line to Cahora Bassa,"
says Prof Reynders. With the increasingly larger amounts of power being
distributed in South Africa, higher and higher voltages are needed. The Wits'
team concentrates on this aspect of power systems. Work is being carried out
on the insulation of electrical motors and generators to develop new diagnostic
techniques for assessing insulations. "We are also studying disconnect
switch transients in an attempt to minimise their effects," says Prof
Reynders. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 34]

NEW HF ANTENNA~-A new, simple, inexpensive wire antenna for the transmission of
radio signals along the high frequency (3 to 30 MHz) portion of the electro-
magnetic spectrum could find applications in long distance military communica-
tions. Demand for mobile and semi-mobile communication equipment is growing,
particularly in remote areas. There is a need for reliable and efficient HF
systems. The major problem with these is the antenna, which is to be effective
demand half-wavelength structures whose dimensions vary from 50 m to 5m

over the spectrum. The new antenna, developed by Brian Austin, can transmit
signals over distances of up to 4 000 km. It could be used in outlying rural
areas, for applications such as "schools in the air". This method was first
developed in Australia to teach children in the Outback. Although the antenna
can only operate on certain bands of frequency the design is simple, cost is
low and very little know-how is required, says Austin. "Computer software was
used to analyse the performance of the antenna and good correlations with our
predictions were achieved. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English
29 Aug 85 p 34]

MIDLAND CYANIDE II PROJECT--This R30 million plant represents 30% of the in-
stalled cyanide capacity of South Africa. The plant is one of the only two
known plants in the world which operates according to a quite unique process.
The plant is based on the use of a heated, fluidised bed reactor, operating

at 1 450 °C to produce hydrogen cyanide gas. After cleaning and cooling, the
product gas is mixed with a lime slurry to produce a calcium cyanide solution.
Part of the unabsorbed hydrogen is set free into the atmosphere and the remain-
der is recycled back to the reactors. The crude calcium solution is filtered
to remove unreacted lime and stored in refrigerated stock tanks before being
transported in road tankers. The Cyanide II plant, which represents a signifi-
cant development in mechanical engineering, was designed in its entirety by an
AECI project team. [Text] [Johannesburg THE MINING WORLD in English Aug 85

p 67)

WITS ENGINEERING--The electrical engineering department at Wits prides itself
on integration and diversity, covering a wide range of areas from application
of artificial intelligence through computer control and robotics to power and
communications engineering. Software engineering, a much neglected area,

104


SIERRA LEONE

Offshore Oil Exploration Begins
(WE YONE, 21 Aug 85) ......ccceccseeecccaeececeucceesenscees

Petrol Dealers Receive Stern Warning
(WE YONE, 14 Aug 85).......cceccccecccceeecceceececeeuseces

Briefs
Malian Envoy Presents Credentials

SOUTH AFRICA

Eastern Cape Consumer Boycott Takes 'Heavy Toll!
(Amrit Manga; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85)......ccecccceccsceces

Black Spending Power Expected To Double
(Maud Motanyane; THE STAR, 29 Aug 85)....ccccececcececceces

Reform Role of 'Big Business' Stressed
(Peter Wrighton; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85).......cceceececece

Manufacturing Idle Capacity Increases
(John Tilston; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Aug 85)......ccseceeececece

Financial Plight Blamed on 'Inept Men'
(THE SUNDAY STAR, 1 Sep 85)...cccecececceccecececeececcuces

Political, Financial Crisis Seen as Replay of 1960
(Stanley Uys; BUSINESS DAY, 4 Sep 85).......cccecececececce

Walvis Bay Detention Barracks Established
(GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 30 Aug 85).....ceeceecceccsecceeceaucs

Buthelezi Condemns Attacks by Blacks on Blacks
(SAPA, 6 Sep 85)... cseeeeeceeeceeeee sce eeeceeeeeseeeeneeees

Hendrickse Interviewed on Schools Unrest
(Allan Hendrickse Interview; Johannesburg Television
Service, 8 Sep 85) ...ccccccccscccccccccccvccccccesccccseces

Police Obtain New Water Cannon for Crowd Control
(SAPA, 12 Sep 85) ..cceeeeeccccecccevecssececsceceeseeneece

ANC Executive Committee Members Interviewed
_ (Radio Freedom, 8 Sep 85)...cccsccescccccccvccccecececeeeee

Radio Cites Importance of 'Timing' for Reforms
(Johannesburg International Service, 10 Sep 85)......eeeeee

16

17

19

20

21

23

25

26

28

30

31

33

37

38

44


27 September 1985

receives particular attention. The department works in conjunction with
Mintek, the CSIR and industry and is closely linked to the Mechatronics
division at UWTec. Head of department is Professor Hanrahan, whose area of
interest is communicatdons engineering and testing components for communica-
tions systems and signal processing. Testing complex integrated circuits
(PCMs) forms a substantial portion of total production costs. Prof Hanrahan
has developed new techniques, based on fundamental and theoretical research,
which have led to more cost effective and exhaustive testing in this field.
[Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 34]

BOYCOTT PREVENTION--The Southern Transvaal African Chamber of Commerce
(Soutacoc) may step in to prevent further closure of township shops in the
wake of the consumer boycott. This follows the detention last Thursday of
Tembisa businessmen Mr Jerry Morakile (Tembisa African Chamber of Commerce
chairman), Mr Naboth Khoza, Mr Moses Mnguni, Mr Vuyisile Siyothula and Mr
Ambrose Dlangamandla. These businessmen also had their shops closed in terms
of regulations under the state of emergency. Soutacoc president Mr Philip
Ramakobya told The Sowetan this week that his organisation was monitoring the
situation, and might considerimaking representations to the Government to pre-
vent a further clampdown on township businesses. Said Mr Ramakobya: "We are
still checking circumstances surrounding the businessmen's detention. Ob-
viously, we are worried that action may be taken against more black tusiness-
men." [Text] [Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Sep 85 p 8]

FREE-TRADE CBD PLANNED--Johannesburg's CBD is almost certain to be open to
trade by all races before the end of the year. CBD Association chairman
Nigel Mandy said he received official notification yesterday that the city's
traditional CBD area would be investigated for proclamation as a free-trade
area. The @epartment of Constitutional Development and planning said that
“approval was granted that the area proposed by the Johannesburg City Council
be investigated by the Group Areas Board for possible proclamation as a
Section 19 free-trade area". The Department will hear representations until
October 11, when it will decide whether to hold Group Area Board hearing.
“This letter really gets the ball rolling," said Mandy. The next step would
be for Minister of Constitutional Development Chris Heunis to advise the
State President, who in turn would advise the Administrator, after which a
proclamation would be issued. Mandy is adamant the matter will get through
the red tape, as it was a unanimous request tabled by all parties on the
Johannesburg City Council. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English
30 Aug 85 p 4]

SULZER-GOLD FIELDS CONTRACT--The cooling department in the engineering division
of Sulzer Brothers has been awarded a multi-million rand contract by Gold Fields
of South Africa for a surface chilled water plant. The plant, which is for a
new shaft at the East Driefontein gold mine, will consist of five Sulzer

Unitop 7,3 MW centrifugal water chillers, the largest Unitops to come to

South Africa. Each chiller has a mass of 60 t, will cool water down to 5° C,
and measures 9mx 5mx5mhigh. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in
English 29 Aug 85 p 10]

DUVHA BREAKS RECORD--Rand Mines Group's Duvha coal mine has achieved a South
African opencast mining record of more than 1-million tons of coal in a month.

105



FINANCIAL PLIGHT BLAMED ON ‘INEPT MEN'

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 1 Sep 85 p 2

(Text]

THE South African financial
environment is changing
quickly, requiring response
times that are far more rapid
than at any time in the past.

By and large, we have
learnt to adjust to a quicken-
ing pace that demands faster
business, investment and even
personal decisions.

But something else has
been changing too. In our
haste to conduct our day-to-
day affairs effectively, we
tend to lose sight of the subtle
underlying changes that are
taking place socially, finan-
cially and politically.

Although the political and
social shifts are of consider-
able significance, it is the
moving financial groundswell
that concerns us here.

In seeking the major under- :

currents that determine the

_ course of the South African
economy, superficialities are
hopelessly inadequate. Per-
haps, though, they serve as a
useful starting point.

What is it, then, that we are
able to observe without re-
sorting to a microscope? This
is what we're being told:

@ The economy is basically
healthy.
@ Inflation is on the wane.

These are statements

which, I believé, we need to
query. Let’s take them one at
atime.

Is the economy indeed
healthy? Considerable doubt

must be thrown on this con-

tention. The monetary auth- =

orities are seemingly at-

» tempting to reflate the flag-

ging economy, the first ink

ling of such a strategy being ‘
the recent drop in the redis- ,

count rate.
But wh
is the justification for reflat-

, one might ask, °

ing an economy which has ~

been languishing in deep re-

} cession when — paradoxically

= the inflation rate hovers at |
, anall-time high?

One of the principal reasons °

for turning the screws in the .

first place was to cool down
the heated inflationary spiral
that was bedevilling the coun-
try’s international trade po-
tential and placing so great a

- burden on pensioners and low’

to medium earners.

That such an objective has
not been achieved is — let's
face it — an indictment of
those who are at the helm of
South Africa’s economic ves-
sel.

The indictment is exacer-
bated by a policy aimed at

placing the economy into

forward gear once again
when the objective of the ini:

tial deflationary strategy is.

more remote than it was

when the downturn was ini-

tiated.

Which brings us to the out-

look for inflation. In tradition-
al terms, the monetary auth-
orities of any responsible na-

26

JPRS*SSA¥85+091

27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

tion embark on a course of re-
flation only when the spectre:
of renewed inflationary.
pressure has receded.

They do so in the know-
ledge that by imparting a
greater measure of buoyancy
to the economy, prices will be
given an upward twist. But
since the downward phase of
the business cycle has de-
pressed prices, they have
ample room for manoeuvre.

In the context of the South
African economy, however,
such a cushion does not exist.
Sure, inflation might come off
a point or-two before the re-
surgent economy takes hold
of prices once again. Yet this
respite will only be tem-

porary. .
Ultimately, if the monetary

authorities reflate off a high

‘ inflation base, the rate of

price increases that accom-
pany the pending upswing will

far exceed the level of infla- '
; tion that ruled in the preced-
i, ing upswing.

All of which suggests that
we are very likely heading for
a period verging on the night-
mare of hyperinflation —
hardly an economic circum-
stance which can be described

_ as “healthy”.

’ rently prevailing, the stock '

The stock exchange is tell-
ing us precisely this. For, in
spite of all the politico-eco-
nomic doom and gloom cur-

market has been surprisingly
strong. .


cso:

3400/1099

overseas. Venture capital
is available in certain cases;
© Financial assistance, on
ahighly selective basis, for
the establishment of key
infrastructural technolo-
Bies and facilities; and

© Investigation of and as-
sistance with the man-
Power and educational
Fequirements of the indus-

a single uniform system
of price preferences is now
available to the electronics
industry, whereas various
different systems are ap-
plied by different State
corporations and depart-
ments.

Two price preferences
are applicable to electron-
ics, one based on local

content and the other on*

local design. A sliding
scale of preferences ap-
plies, with companies
being awarded 25% pref-
erence for 100% local con-
tent and 10% for 100%
local design.

At present, 50% of the
electronics equipment pur-
chased by the State has a
local content of more than
75%. However, only 20%
has a reasonably high local
design content and two-

85

thirds no local design con-
tent at all.

One of the reasons for
the low local design con-
tent is the increasing tend-
ency worldwide for
electronic systems to be
manufactured virtually en-
tirely from small inte-
grated circuits made out of
silicon,

Itis, therefore, of prime
importance that suitable
infrastructure exists for key
products such as inte-
grated circuits to be de-
signed and manufactured
locally.

By co-ordinating pub-
lic-sector buying, the SCE
believes it will be able to
stimulate local production
at an acceptable premium.

An example of how this
will work is in the local
production of data termi-
nals. The SCE published a
specification for which
nine suppliers tendered.

These were narrowed
down to five — Andro-
meda, Comtec, Datakor,
Siemens and Technetics —
which have been asked to
submit production models
for evaluation by Decem-
ber. Two or three ‘‘pre-
ferred suppliers”’ will then
be selected.



cso:

3400/1099

“ment termed “the im-)

pact of the economic re-

cession on the motor in-*

dustry.”

© THE bursary fund:
of the national Union of
Clothing Workers has
helped about 200 stu-
dents to further their ed-
ucation during 1985,

according to union
sources, 7 i

Most are at universi- ,
ties — a total of 93 at all :
the major universities in '

southern Africa. The
largest single group of

20 students is at the Uni-.

versity of the North.
Application forms for

the bursary are available

at the union’s offices

(Garment Centre, 75,

End Street or write to
PO Box 6779 Johannes-
burg).

THE annual confer-
ence of the Trade Union
Council of South Africa
starts next Monday at a

Johannesburg hotel.

Members are requested
to attend.

@ THE Council of
Unions of South Africa
(Cusa) will hold an im-
portant meeting in
Johannesburg on Fri-
day. The conference will

‘discuss several issues,
including the trade
union unity talks, the
state of emergency trade
union reports and the
future of the federation.

© ON Sunday, Sep-
tember 15, the National
Union of Clothing
Workers, will hold its

annual national confer--

ence. This is the annual
meeting of delegates
from all branches of the
union.

© THE Federation of
South African Trade
Unions and Cusa have
condemned the deten-
tion of trade unionists
and the ban on Congress

80

of SA Students, and
called on the Govern-
ment to lift the ban.

At least six trade
unionists are reported to
be in detention in terms
of the state of emer-
gency regulations. They
are: Mr Samson Mtom-
beni, Mr Sehloho Neer,

' Mr Samuel Ntuli, Mr

| King Mashobane, Mr
Ndulela Mali and Mr
Maholomola Skosana.

e THE End Rand
Community Advice Bu-
reau has moved its
premises to 90 Argosy
House, second floor,
room 211 at the corner

, Of President and Spill-
sbury Streets, Germis-

ton.
Advice

The bureau runs an
, advice centre for work-
ers, assists and advises
on unemployment ben-
efits, leave and notice
pay, industrial and state
pensions, insurance, un-
fair dismissals and en-
{ courages workers to join
».trade unions. :
© THE consumer bo-
ycottin the Eastern
Cape and Transvaal is
entering its seventh
week and showing no
signs of easing its grip on
white retailers.
; Anexecutive of a
' large retail organisation
describes the boycott
impact as dramatic. He
estimates the drop in
sales in Port Blizabeth’s
North-end shops at 40
percent.

Uitenhage and East
London have not been
spared, sales falling by
30 percent to 40 percent.

Trade union surveys
among Fosatu members
indicate a drop of busi-
ness of between 40 per-
cent to 60 percent on the
East Rand — Fosatu’s
stronghold.


with three separate coordinate
branches: the Legislative, the
Executive and the
Judiciary...".

OF LABOUR UNIONS ETC

The Labour Unions have joined
other groups in carring banners
and resolutions of support for
candidates and political par-
ties. Now, no one is trying
to prevent anyone else from
exercising his political fran-
chise but it is worth mention-
ing that such acts should be
discouraged because the Consti-
tution says: ",...corporate
bodies, business organizations
and labour unions are excluded
from (canvassing for political
parties) directly or indirectly
in whatsoever form..." Chapter
8, Articles 81 & 82A).

It is very easy for people
to get excited during periods
of political campaigning and
hence allow emotionalism to
affect what would otherwise
be rational behaviours or
statements.

It is equally impractical
to ask people not to be emo-
tional at a time like this be-
cause politics, if you may,
is a game filled with a mixture
of rational and emotional beha-
viours. However, if voters
and partisans demonstrate emo-
tional attitudes at a time like
this, it is to be expected that
professional politicians should
keep a leval head and seek a
rational approach to events.

The point here is that if
politicians become as emotional
as their supporters, then we
will see things degenerate into
a situation where shouting
matches will replace debates,
verbal bouts will replace in-
tellectual discourses, and a

lot of political energy will
be burned out on issues that
lack substance, thus short -
changing the voters in the end.

At this juncture in our his-
tory, it is useful for all who
can to find time to read his
or her Constitution. This au-
thor admits that there is no-
thing like "the intepretation
of the constitution," Such a
task is reserved for the
Supreme Court.

However, the task of acquiring
the basic understanding of the
document lies within ourselves,

The point is that such an
exercise would help readers
to develop an appreciation for
the important role that the
Constitution plays in the con-
duct of government. It would
also help them become more
abreast of the fundamental
principles on which the powers
of government in the Second
Republic is organized and limi-
ted.

Perhaps it is useful to say
a little about my motivation
for deciding to write this ar-
ticle. I had assumed until
recently that most educated
Liberians (especially the poli-
ticians) have read and digested
the documents but it would ap-
pear from some recent state-

ments by prominent politicians
that this is not the case.

Thus "UNDERSTANDING THE CON-
STITUTION"is an article that
has come into being due to a
Patriotic sense of commitment
on my part coupled with my ever
burning desire to contribute
meaningfully to our nation's
development.


JUDGE ORDERS DETAINED CHURCHMAN TO BE FREED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Sep 85 p 17

[Text]

DURBAN. — A judge
yesterday declared the
detention of the direc-
-tor of the Diakonia
church group, Mr Pad-
dy Kearney, unlawful
and ordered that the

Security Police release |

him immediately.

Mr Justice R N Leon
granted an application by
Mr C Nicholson, for the
Archbishop of Durban,
the Most Reverend Denis
Hurley and Mr Kear-
ney’s wife, Mrs Carmel
Rickard. for an order put-
ting Mr Kearney’s release
into immediate effect.

The judge granted the
police leave to appeal.

The application for the
release of Mr Kearney,
held in terms of Section
29 of the Internal Security

t

Act, was made last week ©

by Archbishop Hurley
and Mrs Rickard.

Mr Justice Leon last
week reserved judgement
after hearing argument
, from Mr David Gordon

“$C and Mr- Jan Com-

cso: 3400/1120

brinck SC for the police °
on whether the court had
jurisdiction to hear the '
application for Mr Kear- +
ney’s release. i
; _ In the judgment yester- 4
* day, Mr Justice Leon said {
the case raised matters of ;
: great constitutional im- »
portance affecting the lib-
* erty of the subject, the se- *
curity of the State and thé ©
jurisdiction the courts. }
“It is necessary to re- ,
mind oneself from time to
time that the first and
most sacred duty of a
court, when possible, is to
administer justice to
those who seek it — high »
- and low, rich and poor, »
Black and White.” .
He said the issues in the
* case raised the important
- question of jurisdictional ,
“ review of administrative +
action and to what extent }
" intervention was prevent: ;
ed by legislation.
5 The judge said the’
* police relied on Clause 6
* of Section 29, which’

¥ stated that no court of law

should have jurisdiction ,
, to challenge the validity :
> of the detention of a per-:

50

~ on under this Section” 7
In terms of the law, a
; police officer can arrest
and detain a person under
Section 29 if he has’
reason to believe that he
has or intends to commit’,
an offence as defined in.
the section. i
Mr Justice Leon said it

; had to follow that, if the

officer authorising the ar-
rest did not have reason
to believe this, action
would not be taken in
terms of the section.
t In his opinion, the
grammatical meaning of *
ithe phrase was “belief
“upon reason”, which ,
(meant that the police offi- '
{cer involved must have a’
factual basis on which to
base his belief.
Mr Justice Leon said he
" was satisfied that Clause 6
of Section 29 did not pre-
clude the court from in-
vestigating whether the
‘necessary jurisdictional
facts objectively existed.
He said it was an often
neglected fact that the Su-
preme Court would exer
cise its inherent power to
review in regard to ex-

SJPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

cessive legislation on the
part of the administrat-
jon.

Mr Justice Leon said
both Archbishop Hurley

‘and Mrs Rickard had
given detailed reasons for
their statements that no
reasonable man could
have cause to believe that
Mr Kearney could have
withheld information
from the police.

Colonel Coetzee of the
Security Police had de-
clined to furnish the facts
upon which his belief was
based and had not said ¢
when and where the in-
formation was withheld ©
by Mr Kearney. :

Granting the order for
Mr Kearney's immediate
release, Mr Justice Leon’
said that, if the police ap-
peal could have been
heard within days or
weeks, he might have

been disposed to refuse
‘. the application.?

« But” from experience,

© he said, one kriew that it

! could be several-months

i or even a year before the

! Appellate Division heard
" the appeal. —



JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RHODIUM REEFS MINE TO COME ON STREAM IN 1987

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Aug 85 pp 61, 63

[Text]

Rhodium Reefs, a new vana-
dium/platinum mine will come
on stream in 1987. By the time
production commences, a con-
siderable improvement in the
vanadium pentoxide market is
anticipated.

y the time Rhodium Reefs, the

new vanadium/platinum mine
being established by East Rand Con-
solidated at Kennedys Vale in the
Eastern Transvaal, comes on stream
in two years’ time, the market de-
mand for vanadium pentoxide should
have bounced back to satisfactorily
high levels. The metal is being in-
creasingly popular in the steel in-
dustry because of special characteris-
tics conferred in alloy (U.S. demand
shot up by 42 percent last year) and
in the aerospace industry as a
strengthening agent alloyed with
titanium.

The influential Shearson Metal
Survey notes that “‘during the first
four months of 1985 a remarkable
degree of stability appears to have
developed in the vanadium market
and, in somewhat thin trading, the
free market for vanadium has moved

up to virtual parity with Highveld

Steel and Vanadium’s quote which
remains at $2,41.

“The market leader seems indeed
to have re-established its control for
the moment,” comments Shearson.

On the predicted price front, the

92

prospects for Rhodium Reefs are also
optimistic. Feasibility studies by the
consultants, Mining, Financial and
Technical Advisers (Pty) Ltd, were
based on a price of $2,32/lb and
Shearson forecasts $2,60 this year
(with a possible high of $3) and an
average of $2,70 in 1986.

Comments a Rhodium spokesman:
“If the rand continues to be soft
against the dollar, the price Rhodium
can expect will provide us with a
pleasant working bonus.””

Rhodium has already received sup-
ply requests from local metal agents,
agents in Britian, Europe and Japan
and also directly from end-users.
“One end-user even wanted to take
all we could produce,”’ he adds. “‘But
despite these numerous request to
supply end-users, Rhodium does not
entertain any idea of creating an im-
balance. Rather we will try to pro-
duce within the parameters of supply
and demand,”’ he adds.

The Shearson Survey refers to the
dominance in vanadium of the South
African producers, particularly High-
veld, which has been increased
markedly this year as a result of the
withdrawal from the market of
6 000 t/a of vanadium pentoxide
through shutdown of two Finnish
mines.

“South Africa is by far the largest
Western producer from conventional
mine sources and its output has nor-
mally substantially exceeded that of
the USSR. It also enjoys the largest
reserve base in vanadium.”


ARRESTS AND DETENTIONS JULY 1985

COMMENTS
MONTH OF
NAME OF PERSON ORGANISATION | DETENTION STILLIN BROUGHT
RELEASED TO OTHER SOURCE
DETENTION TRIAL

Nomonde Mguname Gwu July x Held indefinitely in terms of | Daily Dispatch 4/7/85;

Internal Security Act. ‘Sowetan 11/7/85
85 mineworkers July Arrested on charges of Daily Dispatch 4/7/85

public violence during
strike at Lonhro.

WORKSEEKERS IN RSA ACCORDING
TO (a) OCCUPATION GROUPS AND
(b) AREAS AS AT THE END OF

MAY 1985

(W)OCCUPRTIONAL

‘GROUPS wares | covounens| ASIANS | BLACKS | TOTAL
Professional and semi-
prolessional 1019 n 108 ga | 1296
Technical 380 63 66 8} 487
Managerial and
Executive 993} 150 | 110 13 | 1266
Administrative 456s | 283 | 657 | 140 | 5666
Clerical 5715 | 2436 | 1470} 2395 | 12016
Sales andRelatedWork | 2922 | 1236 | 622 | 1256 | 6036
Tradesmen 3775 | 4180 | 974 | 2071 | 11000
Apprentices 225 98 43 | 294 | 650
Mining Industry 251 12 ~| 434] 397
Transport. Delivery and
Communication aos | 944} a6 | 2655 | 4359
Operators and Semi-
Skilled Workers 2264 | 11597 | 4194 | 10661 | 28656
Services +638 | 792 | 280 | 9684 | 12504
Farming Machine
Operators 14 - 1 9 24
General Farm Workers 23 4 -| 149] 176
Unskilled Workers 582 | 3791 seo | 19687 | 24600
ShelteredEmployment | 323 14 1 40) 378
Unclassified 173, 82 a5} 1706 | 2046,
Total 25461 | 25693 | 9537 | 50960 | 111651
(AREAS, wares [oouourens] asians | aLAacks | TOTAL
‘Johannesburg 9967 | 4698 | 960 | 13567 | 29192
Cape Town 4075 | 10559 so | eat | 15465
Durban 4ai9 | 1974] 8412 | 16995 | 31800
Pretoria 2169 | 264 59 | 8330 | 10822
Port Elizabeth 2103 | 4997 | 5515 | 12676
Bloemfontein 1538 | 697 =| 2056 | 4291
East London 384 | 368 re | 3064 | 4034
Kimberley 269 | 1525 17 | "507 ) 2408
George 337 | 6tt - 15 | 963,
Total 25461 | 25693 | 9537 | 50960 | 111651 |

{Department of Manpower 12785.)

71



He said no more evidence of political illiteracy was needed than that
displayed by people "mouthing cliches about the system while taking
full advantage of the so-called system."

Chief Buthelezi said it was this political illiteracy that prompted
the UDF and the external mission of the ANC to describe those who were
providing services to the suffering millions of black people as
"puppets" or "stooges of Pretoria."

"It is such political idiocy which prompts the external mission of the
ANC and the UDF to incite the politically illiterate among us to
destroy facilities which are provided with black money... Everyone

of you knows that blacks have no free education in this troubled land
and that most of our school buildings are built by the poorest of the
poor among us through the pittances that they earn."

Chief Buthelezi said these organizations had "thrown down the gauntlet
and we are picking it up."

As president of Inkatha, he was proud of the swift way its members
had mobilized to quash "all the mischief which the UDF was formenting"
in the Mpumalanga and greater Durban areas recently.

"We have no quarrel with the UDF as Inkatha," he said. “But we are
given this Hobson's choice by the UDF when they launch all these

unwarranted attacks on our members, on members property and on the
Zulu government's property."

cso: 3400/1107

32


JPRS#*SSA#854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO CITES IMPORTANCE OF '‘TIMING' FOR REFORMS
MB100910 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 10 Sep 85
[Station commentary: "Blacks in South Africa" ]

[Text] While the view of South Africa subjected to the international
community, is that of a country in which the vast majority of black
people are intent on revolution and violence as a means of overthrowing
the government, the actual situation in this country is quite different.
The latest survey carried out among urban black people by an overseas
organization, known as CASE [Community Agency for Social Enquiry], shows
that nearly 70 percent of the urban black people in South Africa favor
nonviolence and peaceful solution to South Africa's problems.

This survey falls in line with and confirms several other opinion
surveys conducted in South Africa recently. A. Markinor survey
conducted in the country showed that fewer than half the black

people believed that violence was the answer to South Africa's problems
and that adults, in particular, were opposed to violence. But, surveys
aside, a multitude of black leaders in South Africa have repeatedly
attacked violence as a means of solving South Africa's problems.

Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, leader of the 6-million strong Zulu nation
and leader of Inkatha, the biggest black political constituency in the
country, says none of his people favor violence. He emphasizes that
violence would des-roy the economic infrastructure of South Africa and
the fact that it would be virtually impossible to restore it, and all
would suffer the most ghastly consequences.

What the South African Government is trying to do right now is to
create the right climate for the introduction of proper peaceful
processes of negotiation. The peak of it, the government has stated
its intention to create the machinery for negotiating with all leaders
in the country who stand for nonviolent change. Even President Reagan
of the United States has described the government of President P. W.
Botha as a reformist government, and indeed the actions of the govern~
ment in introducing reforms in the past few vears have gone beyond
anything ever contemplated by previo.s sceveraments.

44


JPRS*SSA=85+091
27 September 1985

ZIMBABWE

NEW LEADS ON ASSASSINATION OF SPANISH AMBASSADOR
Madrid CAMBIO 16 in Spanish 19 Aug 85 p 29

[Text] The assassination of the Spanish ambassador to Zimbabwe, Jose Luis
Blanco Briones, which occurred on 22 July in Harare, capital of that country,
could be related to international weapons trafficking. Blanco Briones, who
had been in Zimbabwe for 4 years and who was one of the foreign diplomats
best acquainted with the young African nation, was apparently on the brink
of discovering an organization involved in illegal weapons trafficking based
in the former Rhodesia.

According to sources close to the family of the murdered ambassador, Blanco
Briones had been working intensely in recent months on an extensive report
on the activities of a ring of criminals engaged in the buying and selling
of weapons in several countries. Prominent members of the White community
in Zimbabwe are said to be implicated in the ring.

“We are convinced that the authors of Jose Luis’ assassination are among the
White minority, related to the valuable information which the ambassador had
accumulated on international arms trafficking on the African continent,"
CAMBIO 16 was told by those same sources.

Friends of the murdered diplomat have commented that Blanco Briones was very
interested in concluding his investigations and transmitting the results to
the government in Madrid. It is even believed that high officials in the
Socialist Cabinet had access to part of the report previous to the assassina-
tion of the Spanish ambassador.

For their part, circles close to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are remaining
absolutely silent on the matter. "We know nothing about the subject. The
ambassador periodically transmitted confidential information on the interna-
tional situation in Zimbabwe, but we are not aware that an investigation into
weapons trafficking might have been one of his concerns."

Three weeks after the death of Blanco Briones, Harare police have still not
found any solid leads into the identity of the ambassador's assassins. This
situation is creating a strong feeling of malaise in the Spanish Government,
which has even suggested to Zimbabwe authorities the possibility that Spanish
police could go to that country to help in the investigation and speed up

the solution to the crime.

113



JPRS*SSA+85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RAJBANSI WELCOMES DECISION TO REPEAL BAN ON INDIANS LIVING IN OFS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Sep 85 p 8

[Article by Brian Stuart]

[Text]

cso:

3400/1120

Mr Amichand Rajbansi,
Cabinet Minister and
leader of the majority
National People’s Party in
the House of Delegates,
has welcomed the deci-
sion to repeal the ban on
Indians living permanent-
ly in the Free State,

“This augurs well for
the tricameral _ Parlia-
ment, for the Indian com-
munity and for South
Africa,” Mr Rajbansi told
The Citizen yesterday.

“This is a significant
step in respect of the re-
moval of apartheid and
comes closely on the an-
nouncement by the Minis-

ter of Home Affairs, Mr:

Stoffel Botha, that dis-
criminatory provisions in

the Aliens Act will be re-"

pealed.” .

Mr Rajbansi said he
was sure the decision of
the National Party cdn-

in the Free State
would be followed by simi-
ilar moves to open North-
ern Natal to Indians.

49

“He pointed out that the
Natal leader of the NP
was Mr Stoffel Botha.

“Quiet diplomacy by
the House of Delegates
has paid dividends,” Mr
Rajbansi added.

“After a public debate

on the issue in the House,

we realised that there
were problems which con-
fronted the other side
(NP). :

“We felt that having
obtained a declaration of
intent from Minister F W
De Klerk, the then Minis-
ter of Home Affairs, it
was best for us to pursue
our negotiations at a low
key, knowing we were
making progress.”

Mr Rajbansi said he
wished to thank Mr De
Klerk, Mr Stoffel Botha
and Mr Kobie Coetsee,
Free State leader of the
NP, for their roles in
eliminating this aspect of
discrimination against In-
dian South Africans.



Two things are of the essence in South Africa right now: time and
timing. South Africa needs time to introduce the reforms so desperately
needed, however, the timin t be right and this must be left at

the discretion of the ge at, which has the best knowledge of con-
ditions in the country.

C80: 3400/1107

45


APPLICATION FOR CANCELLATION/RE
ORGANISATIONS/INDUSTRIAL COUNCI

LABOUR RELATIONS ACT, 1956

GISTRATION OF TRADE UNIONS/EMPLOYER

LS

INDUSTRY/TRADE COMMENTS G.G.NO. DATE

United Mining, Metal and Allied Workers Union of South Africa Registration as a Trade Union. ‘9806 28/6/85
Orange Free State and Northern Cape Clothing Manufacturers" Application tor variation of scope. 9806 28/6/85,
Association

Industrial Council for the Local Authority Undertaking of the ‘Application for registration 9806 28/6/85
province of the Cape of Good Hope

Industrial Council for the Hairdressing Trade, Port Elizabeth and

Uitenhage Applicaton tor variation of scope. 9830 57185

National industrial Councilfor the iron, Steel, Engineering and

Metallurgical Industry of South Attica Applicaton tor variation of scope. 9830 5/7185

‘Trunk and Box Workers Union (Transvaal) Cancellation of registration. 9830 5I7i85

Industrial Court Appointmentof additional member. 9830 5/7185

Rustenburgse Vereniging van Boubase en Verwante Bedrywe Cancellation of registration. 9838 12/7/85
‘Spoorbond Application for variation of scope. 9838 12/7/85
Johannesburg Municipal Combined Employees’ Union. ‘Applicaton for variation of scope. 9485 19/7185
Industrial Court Appointment of additional member 9869 2607/85

csO: 3400/1099

74



GROWTH OF ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY FORECAST

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 9

[Text]

Electronics in South Af-
tica is on the threshold of
substantial growth which
should reverse the reces-
sionary trends in the in-

This is one of the many
findings of a market sur-
vey commissioned by the
Standing Committee of
Electronics (SCE) and
seven major electronics
groups, which predicts a
growth rate of 15% up to
1990.

The balance of the find-
ings will remain confiden-
tial until they are
considered by the sponsors
— Altech, Siemens, Fed-
erale Volksbeleggings,
Reunert, Grinaker,
TMSA, Plessey, Philips
and SCE.

‘SCE chairman Carel van
der Merwe released some
details of the survey at a
Press conference last week
and confirmed that ‘‘the
State is the electronics sec-
tor’s biggest customer,
with about 40% of the total
‘market”’,

The SCE was estab-
lished at the request of the
Cabinet last year and its
main task is to assist gov-
ernment agencies to use the
buying power of the State
as a means of encouraging
and developing a health;
and viable electronics in.
dustry in South Africa.

84

The electronics indus-
try, however, will not be
competitive as long as the
majority of products are.

mere copies of goods man-

ufactured elsewhere at a
lower cost.

innovation

Innovation and export
orientation are of utmost

importance.

The SCE will play a ju-
dicious role of.
the electronics industry in
South Africa without trying
to lay down a masterplan
for its

‘The policy of the SCE

Products whi
Will be required by the State
in sarge volumes for a
° The encanapement and
Support of concerns to de-
Velop and produce inno-
Vative products which can

JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


fares, a wage strike, a problem of rent can spark off a prairie fire
in area after area. The fire is spreading through our country; our
country is ablaze with revolt.

Now obviously, revolt is a condition which will be found by many to

be one of chaos. But there is order in revoit. There is order in
revolution. That order is to be found when you clearly understand

who are the people and who is the enemy. Within that framework, then,
you will be able to understand what is happening in our country. Our
people.are in revolt and the Botha regime is faced with a situation where
that revolt is spreading throughout the country, in towns and in country-
side; that revolt is present, simmering, and bursting forth to the
surface. [end recording]

[Announcer] The imperialists, together with the racist media, are
also trying to conceal the situation by claiming that what is happening
is that blacks are killing blacks and that the whites are just sitting
and watching. But in the view of our army commissar, Comrade Chris
Hani, what is happening is that our people are dealing with enemy
agents and collaborators. Comrade Chris also explained that. these
puppets whe are today. victims of the popular anger form the vital
parts of the oppressive apartheid machinery.

[Begin recording] [Hani] What is the present in our country? The
whole [words indistinct] for the last 10 months or 9 months. The
mobilization of the people on the present level certainly shows the
action by the oppressed majority for their exclusion from the con-
stitutional arrangements in our country. Of course, in addition to
this exclusion was also the question of the genocide bills which were
announced by Koloff. Our people, you see, correctly decided that they
were going to struggle and resist against a constitution that was
being imposed by a minority which have no right whatsoever to decide
the fate of that country to the exclusion of majority of the people of
that country. Now correctly, from the very beginning, the anger of
the people has always been directed--it is directed--against the
oppressor, against the enemy.

Now you are asking a totally pertinent question: Who is the enemy?
The enemy of our people, the enemy of the oppressed people, is the
ruling class, the whites: those who make the laws which make life

such a misery for our people; those who go in parliament, who legislate;
those who decide where our people should stay; those who introduce all
the discriminatory measures which exclude our people from taking jobs;
those who build those matchbox houses for our people; those who are
responsible for the unemployment of more than 3 million; those who
remove our people from their homes; those who demolish and destroy with
bulldozers our homes; those who have decided that we belong. only to

12 percent of the land surface of our country; those who give us
inferior education; those who persecute our trade unions, and those who
[words indistinct] in the running of that country.

39



culture and Rural Settlement, Cde Swithun Mombeshora, said although a big
effort had been made to increase the amount of wheat grow locally, he was not
sure if Zimbabwe would catch up with the increasing demand. "Irrigation water
for the crop had been dwindling because of the drought affecting wheat which
this country is a winter crop. Although it was reported that we were expecting
a bumper crop, this will still be less than we consume." [Rext] [Harare THE
HERALD in English 27 Aug 85 p 7/7

cso: 3400/1106 END

125



INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE WITH ALITALIA

JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

TANZANIA

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 23 Aug 85 p 19

Efext] gyyranta World Airline's regional’

office in Nairobi is on the verge of
collapse, according to the findings of the
ministry of labour when investigating a
redundancy dispute involving two’
employees of the airline. According to the
ministry, the Nairobi office of Alitalia, ,
the Italian airline, is in serious financial
difficulties occasioned by reduced flight,
frequency and the cancellations of some:
routes. The managing director of the air-
line's Nairobi office, Mr. Mario Retolo, is
quoted in the report as saying that the
company. was forced to discontinue’:
the Mauritius-Nairobi-Rome route, one of:
the most revenue-generating, last year.
Other flights of the airline had been can-
celled in agreement with the, international
Aviation ‘Transport Association’ (lata),
creating financial woes for the company
and forcing it to terminate the services of:
three of its 28 staff in Nairobi, he said.

In trying to-convince the ministry that
it had no- alternative but to declare the:
three, Mra. Crylla Rodrigues, Mr. K..
Kiburia and Mr. L. Abba, redundant, the:
company made available bank state-’
ments and audited accounts for the 1983-:

‘84 period, which showed poor financial :
‘returns. But the ministry and the’
‘Transport and Allied Workers Union, on
behalf of the sacked employees, rejected
the declaration of redundancy and)
advised the company to find an alter-
‘native way of dealing with the situation. '
| While the ministry and the union were :
battling with the company to revoke the
{redundancy notice, the company instead.
| withdrew the notice and terminated the
services of the affected workers, resulting
jin a trade dispute which the ministry and”

‘the union are now haggling over.

109

1 “'Phe' union ‘has bitterly protested over’
the matter, saying that the move to rack:
the three was aimed at denying them,
their retirement benefits. Rodrigues and
Kiburia, who took the matter to the
junion, had served.the company for over
‘ten yearn and were due to retire in 22
| months time. Abba opted to accept the
‘termination. ‘The union accused the
‘company of applying double standards in
{ respect of local employees, saying that the.
| company retired its atalf according to
jItalian laws, making it difficult for local’
| ataff to get their retirement benefits when,
ithey retired at 66, since the airline.
recognises 60 years as its retirement age. ~

‘The union argued that the company's
regional office is controlled from Rome
and that the reduction in flights and can-
cellation of some of the company’s traffic
routes had nothing to do with financial
difficulties since it “is unable to prove
their insolvency after reducing the
number of flights”. ‘The airline has main-
tained, however, that its financial posi-
tion is so bad that “it is even unable to
meet the monthly salaries of its
employees” and it is not prepared to re-
instate the sacked workers nor is it ready
to pay them terminal benefits.

As a result of this stalemate, the union
filed a trade dispute with the ministry of
labour in respect. of the two employees,
and wants the matter to be taken to the
Industrial Court. ‘he ministry sent a

- form to Alitalia to be completed so that the

dispute could be filed in court, but the’
airline has reportedly refused to fill in the
form, arguing that the employees in ques-
tion were sacked, while the form reters to
redundancy. Alitalia refused to comment,
onthe issue. 9° |” .



The two herdsmen are still on the farm and so are their cattle but they have
pecome submerged by the crop-producing activities.

This year Minver Wag Farm produced 2,517 bags of maize -- Cde Tembani put his
maize yield at an average of 8,000 kg per hectare. The farm also produced 730
pales of Virginia tobacco. The Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC), the
financial godfather of the comtry's farming industry estimates that after he
has paid all his loans including mortgage repayments, Cde Tembani will make a
clear surplus of $100,000 this year.

"Tere is nothing that a white farmer can do that I cannot do," said Cde Tembani
with the cool confidence of someone who has been on the firing line and has come
back to tell the tale.

Asked what the secret to his success was, Cde Tembani listed three factors:
his owm experience and know-how, the financial support he receives from AFC,
and the dedication of his workers whom he described as "the pivot of my success."

He explained that he acquired his knowledge over a period of 23 years when he
worked his way up from a farm hand through to a farm manager on white farms.
This way he gained expertise on how to grow Virginia tobacco, how to keep poul-
try and pigs, how to grow maize and sorghum, and above all, how to organise and
coordinate the many activities that go into making a good farmer.

When he set out on his om in 1983, all he had to his name were savings of only
$5,000, a tractor with trailer and a Land-Rover to help him get around. The
ower of Minver Wag Farm allowed him a three-year lease of the farm free of
charge on condition that he looked after the cattle that were on it and that he
complied with the conservation requirement.

After three years, he had an option either to continue leasing but this time he
had to pay rent or to buy the farm. Cde Tembani is well set along his life-long
ambition to buying his ow farm.

Iast year he started extending the area of land under cultivation by clearing
another 18 ha of bush. With help from Agritex he has laid out the contours in
this new field and in the middle of October the new field will be under Virginia
tobacco.

Hundreds of kilometres from Cde Tembani is another black large scale commercial
farmer, Cde Davidson Mugabe. Cde Mugabe comes from a different background from
Cde Tenbani in that he is younger and secondly, in that while Cde Tembani did not
complete his secondary education, Cde Mugabe is a formally trained agriculturist
having graduated at Chibero Agricultural Coliege in 1972.

After graduating from Chibero, Cde Bugabe got a job on the farm he is now in

the process of buying, as a farm manager. "The ower respected me like his son,"
said Cde Mugabe,"and took a hot of trouble to teach me all the tricks." He |
stressed that while college gave him a good foundation, it was actual work on
the farm that has turned him into the commercial farmer he is today.

118


--Area clearance for construction of microwave towers for systems to Malawi
and Mozambique. .

-- Area, clearance for development of agricultural schemes at Rusitu.
-- Area clearance to allow maintenance of power pylons at Victoria Falls.
--Clearance of areas for tsetse fly eradication operations in the northeast.

The army had 40,000 regular soldiers and just over 10,000 of the People's
Militia, Cde Chitauro said. :

cso: 3400/1106

123



JPRS- SSA- 85-091
27 September 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

Results of Drought Relief Program Praised
(Kegaisamang Tau; DAILY NEWS, 2 Sep 85).....seseeeereeeeeee 1

Cattle Die in Large Numbers

BOTSWANA
(DAILY NEWS, 26 Aug 85)...eeseecescecsecesceeees

BURUNDI

Twelve Priests Imprisoned for Contravening Ban
(AFP, 8 Sep 85) .cccsecseccencceceseceectessessssscsseseeeee

GABON

Briefs
President's Plane Held 5

LIBERIA

Constitutional Bearing on Elections Discussed
(C. William Allen; SUNTIMES, 26 Aug 85)....eseeeeeeeeeeees 6

Constitution's Provision for Legal Parties Discussed
(Miata E. Sherman; SUNTIMES, 26 Aug B85) ecccesccececceeeces 10

Press Union Calls for Government Cooperation
(Radio ELWA, 9 Sep 85).ssseeseeevcceccerssceenccceerereecs 13

Briefs
DPRK Ambassador Presents Credentials . 15
New Ambassador to UN 15

-a-



JPRS“SSA“854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INTEREST IN CANADIAN MARKETS PROMOTED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 pl

[Text] South African exporters have been urged ment in southern Africa, develop mar-
to examine the huge potential on offer keting programmes for specific South
from Canadian markets. African products worldwide and gener-

They should not be deterred by the ally promote two-way trade between
threat of sanctions — ‘which is nothing South Africa and the rest of the world.”*
more than political talk, Graham is critical of some companies’

So says Richard Kern-Martin, a con- approaches to their export planning and
sultant with the South African Foreign. says: “Too few are aware of overseas
Trade Organisation (Safto) who recently markets, many have no planned co-or-
returned from a fact-finding mission in dinated approach and some end up in
Canada. overseas markets by chance.”

He comments: ‘‘South African ex- However, he was lavish with his praise
Porters have neglected the Canadian for engineering companies and com-
markets. In Canada, purchasing power mented on the success enjoyed by South
is very concentrated and, unlike the USA African companies in Australia.
where there are many agents, Canada “Mining, food-processing and trans-
offers four major centres where export- Port equipment firms have had a fine
ers can focus their marketing efforts.”” telationship with Australian industry,””

He continues: “The Canadian econ- he says.
omy is almost on a par with South Africa, ~ Referring to the economic sanctions
due to the mining background of both currently being imposed by Australia,
countries and, hence, the initial break- Graham says: ‘They are not of great
through becomes easier.”” importance, but I regret to see the Aus-

m ing on trade sanctions, Kern- ian trade office in Johannesburg close.
Martin says: “Sanctions are for domestic The sanctions will have only a psycho-
consumption. Politicians speak one lan- logical effect and now exporters must
Buage and trade personnel speak an- play an important role in keeping the
omer. | ; ‘0 trade supply lines open.’”

alto is a private sector export ana?
cman wicheyscrporde mn.» Sth sexo perfomance fo
pability, to develop its own export ca- an increase of 41,9% on the correspond-

It aims to increase awareness of the ing period of 1984. Export receipts last
critical role of foreign trade in overall month amounted to R2,8-billion, bring-
economic policies, ing receipts for the first seven months of

David Graham, manager, interna- the year to R19,28-billion.
tional division, explains: “We aim to The cost of imports rose by less than
Promote inter-regional trade and invest- 10% on last year,

cso: 3400/1099

102


REASONS FOR MONEY-MARKET DECLINE GIVEN

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Sep 85 p 20
[Article by Daan de Kock:

{Text ]

cso

THERE was a huge |

outcry over recent
years to free South
Africa’s monetary
markets and a lot has
in fact been done to
achieve this. Last week
the money market re-
ceived a knock-out and
the question now is,
who did it?

It seems we have to put
the free market principle
for the time being on the
ice, the managing director
of Trust Bank, Dr Chris
van Wyk, said at the re-
gional congress of the
AHI in Kempton Park
yesterday.

Dr Van Wyk compared
our markets with a huge
railway junction through
which many things were
flowing. They were not
independant, but interde-
pendant and one was in-
fluenced by the ottier.

Taking into account
our political set-up and
our dependency on ex-
ports — just to name two
— one should ask oneself
the question whether the

markets should be as free .

as recommended, in the
De Kock report, for ex-
ample.

The question is
whether some of the rec-

3400/1099

‘ommendations in the De
Kock Commission report
are politically feasible.

Looking at the future
the decision to intervene
in the markets or not, will
depend on a host of fac-
tors. The most important
ones are:

@ Political and social de-
velopments

@ The financial demands
of the new political set-up

@ Inflation

62

JPRS*SSA*85*091

27 September 1985

"Who Knocked Out the Money Market?"]

Dr Van Wyk put a lot
of emphasis on the infla-
tion problem. He said in-
flation had already be-
came an edemic compo-
nent of our economic life
— partly because we basi-
cally had a war economy.

The greater the infla-
tion problem, the greater
the instability, and the
greater the instability, the
greater the chances ‘we
have to intervene in the
free market system. D de

SOUTH AFRICA


NATIONAL PARTY PLANS TO SCRAP BAN ON INDIANS IN OFS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Sep 85 p 8

[Text] | .
BLOEMFONTEIN." “}
—The National Party |
of the Orange Free ;
State has agreed to rec-
‘ommend to the Gov-
ernment that its anti-
quated laws banning
Indians and Chinese
from the province be
scrapped.

The new leader of the

. Free State NP, Mr Kobie
Coetsee, made the an-
. Mouncement after a two
hour debate in commit-
tee.

The recommendation
of a special committee to
investigate that chapter
33 of the old Orange Free
State statute be scrapped

+ was carried with only six
votes against in a congress |
of 458 delegates.

The old statute put an
absolute prohibition on
trade, farming and prop-
erty rights for “Arabs, |
Chinese, Coolies or any
other Asians.” | \

Mr Coetsee called a ;
brief Press conference
after the debate and said |
that an important factor
in arriving at the decision +
had been the vagueness
and confusion contained
in “extinct terminology.”

This had also left some !
doubt regarding the legal-
ity of chapter 33 of the ©

cso: 3400/1120

"statute,

“The continuance of
the Orange Free: State
Statute would mean, and

“had in fact in the past

meant, that the central
Government had to ad-
ministrate two laws, the

; Statute and the Group

Areas Act.
“Another important
consideration was the fact

| that Dr Verwoerd had

given Indians permanen-
ce in 1962 and that they
now fully shared in the
constitution and our Par,
liament.

“It is clearly unaccept-
able that a separate and
different law should apply
to a community which
shares the same Parlia-
mentary structure,” Mr
Coetsee said.

He said the statute had
been created during the
days of the old Free State
Republic, when unem-
ployment, for instance,
had not been an issue.

In recent times, 10 Chi- ;
nese businessmen had in-
vested in the Free State,
creating many new job
opportunities. :

He believed the Group *
Areas Act could be |
amended and approved
but the principle could |
not be changed without
altering the constitutional
foundatién of separate !

48

“own” residential areas
and schools,

Mr Coetsee said it was
interesting that no one
Possessed any property in
terms of the old statute.

It was also important
that citizens of South
Africa were all subject to
the same laws, as the
White man was subject to
the Group Areas Act, he
said.

The commission inves-
tigating the statute had
been appointed under his
chairmanship by the for-
mer Orange Free State
leader, the late. Dr Nak
Van der Merwe.

This committee, under
Mr Coetsee’s
chairmanship, had begun
its investigation before
the new dispensation had
come into being.

In other words, Mr Co-
etsee said, the Free State
National Party had taken
the initiative.

“ Mr Coetsee told the
Press conference that his
committee’s recommen-
, dation had been unani-
‘mously accepted on Mon-
day by the party’s ex-
ecutive, comprising Mem-
bers of Parliament, mem-
bers of the Provincial
Council and members of
the President’s Council. «

The recommendation

had then been submitted

JPRS*SSA“854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

to the congress by the ex-
ecutive yesterday and had
been accepted by more
than 400 delegates, with
six votes against.

Judging by the mood of
the congress, he believed
that those who had voted

* against the motion would

accept the majority deci-
sion.

He had not been sur-
prised by the support re-

‘ ceived because prior to

the discussions, various

: Organisations had re-

vealed “a broad under-
standing of the issue.”

It was his personal view
that for many years the

; Old statute had not been
; applied visibly and had

been virtually ignored. As
a result, there would not
be a sudden, dramatic
change now, Mr Coetsee

: said.

In Durban, the leader
of the Solidarity Party in-
the House of Delegates,
Mr JN Reddy, said he
welcomed the move, add-
ing that the way should
now be clear for Northern
Natal to be opened up to
Indians.

He said the opening of
the Free State to Indians
had always been seen as a
bigger obstacle than the
opening of Northern Na-
tal. — Sapa.


JPRS“SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

INCONSISTENCY OF POLLUTION CONTROLS CHARGED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 24

[Text]
The quality of South Af
tica’s air is deteriorat-

1g.
This is the unanimous
opinion of the 21 mem-

Companies involved
in air pollution control
are in real jeopardy be-
cause of this lack of en-
forcement of existing

97

i legislation, Craig said.
Coeenine nies of ie ae ‘STrained engineers are disappearing in the mining industry.
South Africa, who were from the industry, and what is left will South Africa's deteriorating air qual-
canvassed recently by the not be able to handle the future.  =_—ity will necessitate a major clean-up of
association’s vice-chair- “When the economy revives, we will _ older plants, including power stations,
man, Geoff Craig. be back to the disastrous era of 15 or _ and rigorous enforcement of air pollu-
The majority of the as- 20 years ago when a lot of badly en- tion control legislation, if serious en-
sociation’s members feel gineered plants were installed. Industry vironmental and health problems are to
air pollution control reg- will have to pay twice for its emission be avoided in future. |
ulations are being ap- control, which will be in the interests Respiratory problems caused by air
lied neither of neither the taxpayer nor the end-user. pollution already cost South Africa mil-
» tisfactoril nor con- “The industry is in a dangerous state, lions in lost man-hours every year.
sistently he aid and has a lower level of activity than is A survey is being conducted by the
furthe indicated acceptable if we wish to see any im- CSIR and the Wits Medical School into
ey Rare inced provement in what we believe is an the health of schoolchildren in various
beremedied fining apalling state of deteriorating air qual- _ parts of the Transvaal, and Craig feels
by fining of ity,” this will reveal significant health dif-
fenders or closing their Only one company is still training ferences between polluted and less-pol-
Plants. aid there has technicians, and some have reduced staff luted areas. |
teen in South levels by as much as 60%, he said. There New developments are taking place
African acase mn 3oe are now only about 100 engineers and to make both bag filters and precipita
ia of a plant being technicians employed by members of the tors far more efficient, Craig said.
fined or closed down for sScciation, which is probably about the _ Gas conditioning technology, whereby
failing to meet emission same number as are employed moni- flue gases are sprayed with various
standards, . toring and controlling air quality in South chemicals prior to the precipitators, has
“That is quite an in- Africa. a proven effect. ;
dictment of the authori- Hes, however, encouraged by recent _Little research is being done on this
ties,”” he said. moves 10 set standards for dust counts in South Africa though.
cso: 3400/1099



SHARE OF THE RESPECTIVE POPULATION GROUPS
IN THE ‘PERSONAL DISPOSABLE INCOME OF THE RSA

“AND NATIONAL STATES, 1970 TO 1985.

Percent

100+

Blacks

‘Asians

29

oe

ee

23,

3400/1099

cso.

22


Apart from the danger involved, the Minister said, this is a breach of electricity
regulations.

This he went on is a kind of sabotege on the part of dealers, aimed at creating
a bad reputation for the governmen.

eso: 3400/1112

18


TRAINS TO DOUBLE EXPORT CAPACITY

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English

[Text]

cso

3400/1099

SATS’ Richards Bay coal
line will get a further shot
in the arm in the shape of SO
mic controlled
heavy-duty DC locomotives
supplied by Mitsui at a total
contract price of R50,2-mil-
lion.

‘The line and harbour up-
grade, of which this contract
is a part, will double the
Richards Bay coal export
capacity to the level of R80-
million tons by 1987.

The new locomotives are
the first high-tech heavy duty
‘units in the SATS fleet.

Each is fitted to handle a
10 000-t load, representing
a3 000-t gain on the stand-
ard unit and allowing a
cut in locomotive numbers
with consequent cost sav-
ing.

‘The units are locally built
by Union Carriage with To-
shiba supplying the electri-
cal equipment. Local content
is 46%.

Technical advantages as
outlined by Tony Mercado,

101

29 Aug 85 p 3

senior electrical engineer
electrical locomotives are:
@ Underframe strength in-
creased by one third;

@ Running efficiency en-
hanced — power control is
by thyristor choppers as op-
posed to resistance control
in the standard model;

@ Safe electronic braking
— the regenerative electric
brake is blended with a fully-
rated rheostatic brake.

So flexible is the new de-
sign that the 8-bit micropro-
cessor is already loaded to
capacity, according to Mer-
cado. It operates to calculate
the power required in terms
of demand from the driver
in relation to the overhead
track voltage.

Five new units are al-
ready in operation between
Blackhill and Ermelo with
drivers specially trained to
handle the controls.

Software has been de-
signed to SATS specifica-
tion by a member of Toshiba
staff.

JPRS*SSA*85~091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


WALVIS BAY DETENTION BARRACKS ESTABLISHED

Johannesburg GOVERNMENT GAZETTE in English 30 Aug 85 p 48

[Text]

cso:

3400/1099

SOUTH AFRICAN DEFENCE FORCE

” No, 1896 30 August 1985

ESTABLISHMENT OF A DETENTION BARRACKS

I, Magnus André de Merindol Malan, Minister of De-
fence, hereby establish in terms of the powers vested in me
by section 120 (2) of the First Schedule to the Defence Act.
1957 (Act 44 of 1957), the premises as set out in the Sche-
dule hereto, as a Detention Barracks to which offenders
who have been sentenced to detention in terms of the Mili-
tary Discipline Code may be committed to serve such sen-
tences.

Signed at Pretoria this 13th day of August 1985.
M. A. DEM. MALAN,
Minister of Defence.

SCHEDULE

Walvis Bay:

Portion 106 of Portion B of the farm Walvis Bay Town
and Town Grounds 1, situated in the Municipality and area
Walvis Bay, Registration Section F.

30

JPRS“SSA*854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS=SSA“85*091
27 September 1985

TOGO

BRIEFS

PRC AMBASSADOR PRESENTS CREDENTIALS--The new PRC ambassador to Togo,
(Liu Pei), this morning presented his letters of accreditation to
President Eyadema. (Liu Pei), who met the press after the ceremony,
said it is a great honor for him to be accredited to our country as
the PRC ambassador. [Excerpt] [Lome Domestic Service in French 1230
GMT 2 Sep 85]

YUGOSLAV AMBASSADOR BIDS FAREWELL--The president of the. republic,
General Gnassingbe Eyadema, this afternoon received in audience at
his private residence in Lome. II, the Yugoslav ambassador to Togo,
His Excellency Radivoje Petkovic, who had come to bid farewell to
the head of state after a 4-year stay in Togo. [Excerpt] [Lome
Domestic Service in French 1900 GMT 11 Sep 85]

cso: 3400/1097

111



JPRS*SSA485409]
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA ©

TOWN OF PORT ALFRED MODEL FOR BLACK-WHITE COOPERATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Aug 85 p 13

{article by Michael Valpy]

[Text]

PORT ALFRED — Twenty kilometres past ©
the turn-off to Kaffir’s Drift on the Eastern ,
Cape Indian Ocean highway is the town of ©

Port Alfred, population: whites 4 000, blacks
13.000.

At No 56, Van der Riet Street, Charles de
Bruin (43) was sitting in his office at Kowie Ma-
rine Services with 36-year-old Gugile Nkwinti —
asmall town, white Afrikaner businessman with

a very politicised black community worker

turned law student.

They were on a high, laughing over Cokes, asking
each other in mutually congratulatory rhetoric if
what they have created in this fishing and holiday
community can be taken to towns and cities across
their country.

Visited by police

What they have created is so near to being revolu-
tionary in racist, violent, angry South Africa that
even Mr de Bruin, head of the local chamber of com-
merce, is not really surprised at having been visited
profesionally — for the first time in his life — by the
South African Security Police.

What they did was te recognise that their two ra-
cial solitudes in Port Alfred are part of a single, com-
munal whole. To understand the gulf they had to
bridge is to understand what is happening in this
country today.

Other communities in the Eastern Cape are ex-
periencing black boycotts of white stores, black
school boycotts, nightly riots, violence, arson, murder
in black townships, savage black confrontations with
white police, black work stoppages.

In Port Alfred, there are no boycotts. A joint black
and white community committee is drawing up pub-
lic works projects to make use of an anticipated
Ri million Government grant to combat the town's
70 percent unemployment rate.

54

* ‘The white business community has made unofficial
representations to the local police commander and
his staff about police behaviour in Port Alfred’s black
township — including meetings with the police after
Mr Nkwinti was arrested (and more or less quickly
released) under South Africa’s current state of emer-
gency.

The same white business community has endorsed
the black community’s proposal that Port Alfred be-
come a single, non-racial, fully democratic munici-
pality — something absolutely unheard of in South
Africa.
Within the space of 48 hours, separate entrances
for blacks and whites in Port Alfred’s stores were
abolished. “And the moon didn’t fall in,” said Mr
Nkwinti. “I must say, it’s very, very nice, and I like
Mr de Bruin for that.” .

The black community's voiced concern that its
white employers treat them as nothing more than (in
Mr Nkwinti’s words) “work entities” has led to some
surprising changes in white attitudes. .

Mr Nkwinti spoke of one black worker describing
his employer, previously rude and aggresive, as be- ~
having “like a lamb.” He quoted a kitchen maid as
telling him: “Now I can sit there and talk to my
madam about problems in the black township.”

Most significant of all, in terms of the racial poli-
tics of not just Port Alfred but all of South Africa,
when the white business leaders went looking for
Port Alfred’s black leaders to talk to about the town's
situation, they went to what Mr de Bruin called the
“acknowledged” and “accepted” black leaders —
members of the United Democratic Front,-not people
whom the black community had rejected as Govern-
ment puppets and collaborators.

The debate — cosmic in South Africa — is about
whom the Government will deal with if it ever sits
down to negotiate a political future for blacks. In
Port Alfred, the debate is past history.

How did it begin? And why here?



cso:

|tion for one year and on his return was
‘appointed an assistant labour com-:
imissioner. In 1963, he became an acting
permanent secretary in the ministry of
education and welfare. His first political
appointment was after the 1964 revolu-
tion, when the then Zanzibari president,
Abeid Karume appointed him assistant
general manager of the State ‘I'rading
Corporation, the sole exporter of Zan-
zibar’s cloves and copra. In $971, Nyerere
appoirited him a minister of state in the!
office of the president and then minister’
for health, where he served until 1975.
when he was made home affairs minister,
He later resigned from that post following
a controversy over the killing. of some
people in Sukumaland by security
officials, but Nyerére called him back into
service, this time appointing him,
ambassador, to Cairo, where he served for
four years. He was then recalled to

3400/1102

108

become minister for natural resources and”
‘ourism and, later, minister of state in the
office of the vice-president in Zanzibar. It
was following Aboud Jumbe’s resignation
as Zanzibari president in January last
year that Mwinyi was appointed to
replace him, which included being the
union vice-president and chairman of the
Zanzibar revolutionary council.

When proposing Mwinyi ‘for the
presidency, Nyerere said that one of his
greatest. wishes to God was that he would
be alive to witness the nomination of a

man who would be future president. And,
on accepting the nominauon; iMwiny1:

said that he was going tobe a faithful
follower in Nyereré’s footsteps and
reiterated that his government would be
guided 'by five principles’ —’ national
unity, socialism and self reliance, non-i
alignment, democracy and African;
liberation. :



STRIKES, DISPUTES, WORKSTOPPAGES, LOCKOUTS
JULY 1985

PLEASE NOTE: The tables must be viewed with the following considerations: Accurate information for tables is difficult to obtain

because:

(a) The figures only represent an analysis of strikes reported in the press; and

(b) They are, at best, superficial indicators of trends rather than an in-depth representation of actual causes and reasons (i.e. not
only are strikes reported on subject to the vigilance of the press, but also overt public reasons may differ considerably from

“underlying causes").
COMPANY! NUMBER OF AREA
‘TRADE UNION Issue WORKERS | DURATION | aNoSECTOR EVENT AND OUTCOME
Gencor— NUM Unilateral impiementation of 27 000 Unknown Transvaal 1543 workers fired. Remainder returned
wage increases towork.
Lontho Unknown 4000 Unknown | PWV 85 workers arrested for public violence. | Daily Dispatch
Management claimed remainder back at |5/7/85
work except 200 who ‘disappeared.”
Baldwins Steel- | Refusal to negotiate Unknown 4days PWV 56 workers retrenched. Sowetan 9/7/85
SEAWU retrenchment
Silverton Management unilaterally 500 Unknown | PWV Initially workers dismissed then returned _ | The Star 3/7/85
Engineering - implemented SEIFSA wage toworkaftermanagementincreasedits | Financial Mail
NAAWU increases offer 5/7/85, 19/7/85
Volkswagen — Company's offer of 12 Kombi's_ [3.000 +3days | EastenCape —_| Workers returned following management [Business Day
NAAWU to SARB for All Blacks’ tour , decision not to release buses. 12/7185, 17/7/86;
Citizen 11/7/85
Vitro Building Wages 650 2days PWV Workers dismissed. [Citizen 4/7785; The
Products Star 4/7/85
Siemens-MAWU(5 | Wages 1 250 +Sdays | PWV Workers dismissed and majority The Star 15/7/85,
factories) reinstated 16/7/85; Business
Day 26/7/85
Steer Atrovan Wages 250 tweek | EastLondon Workers returned to work. Daily Dispatch
16/7/85
Ford—NAAWU Implementation of wage - Unknown Port Elizabeth Workers returned after plant closed for a Star 18/7/85;
increases week. itizen 26/7/85,
General Motors— | Disagreement between White ~ - | PortElizabeth | Workers returned to work. Negotiations | The Star 18/7/85;
NAAWU ‘Supervisor and worker continuing. Business Day
18/7/85; Citizen
1917/85, 23/7185
Volkswagen— Pension Scheme 3.500 ~ | Portlizabeth | Workers returned to work. Negotiations | Business Day
NAAWU continuing. 18/7/85; Citizen
2307/85
Letaba Busat ~ Wages 2.000 - Gazankulu Union leaders held for questioning after |Sowetan 17/7/85
Gwu police intervention.
Durban Master ~ Wages 1800 = | Durban Union spokesman has appealed to (Citizen 2977788:
Bakers’ Association | ~ Service conditions Management to resolve dispute as soon | Star 2217/85
—SFAWU. NBIEU as possible
FBWUand BAWU,
Scotford Mills — Wages 1500 4days Ladysmith Workers returned after management Daily Dispatch
wu agreed o negotiate with representatives. |16/7/85
Gillis Mason Wages 1600 Adays Lethabo Power Workers dismissed and half of workforce | Citizen 30/7/85
Station subsequently re-employed
Stellenbosch Representation 180 Unknown —|NewGermany [Unknown Fosatu Press
Farmers’ Winery - Natal Digest 7/7/85
SFAWU&
NUWSAW
Winding Wires ~ Wages Unknown Unknown | Springs Police called in to evict striking workers. | Fosatu Press
EAWU Digest 7/785
Storm & Co Dismissalof colleague 200 Unknown — | UmbiloDurban | Workers returned. Petition signed tohave _|Fosatu Press
dismissed worker reinstated Digest 7/7/85
Reet Plastics — Retrenchments 100 Unknown: Krugersdorp Unknown /Sowetan 31/7/7/85,
SEAWU
3M-CCAWUSA —_| Retrenchments - Unknown | PWV Go-slow. Normalworkresumedwhile | Sowetan 31/7/85
‘negotiations take piace.

72 1


nousing and settleméiit pro- ~

grammes over a reasonable period
of time.
@ Commitment to a unitary sys-
tem of educatl and a defined
-amme for <¢jjeving equalit
education. ‘3 cavallty
There is much, much more.

Black people need a sign from |

white capital that it is prepared to
countenance the removal of
mechanisms that are used to en-
trench white privilege. The

, Mechanisms are short-sighted and
useless. Times have changed and
change is urgent.

Costly strikes and boycotts will
become an ever-present part of
regular commercial life until
meaningful negotiation takes
place,

Rather than condemn strikes :

and boycotts out of hand, we should

pola! protest thas preferable
cal ferable

Te violence and that, given

will on both sides, is capable of

negotiation.

Mistakes

It is all very well pointing to the :

ultimate harm to employment and

job opportunities that is created by '

strikes and boycotts; it is another

thing entirely to come face to face.

with the reasons, to acknowledge
our mistakes and to show a willing-
ness to negotiate for an improve-
ment in the quality of life within
the constraints of reason and
commercial practice.

Certainly, the private sector has
done neither itself nor the State
President a favour by the Co-oper-
ative stance it has taken in endors-

3400/1099

ing“ one vague and ambiguous
statement after another.

Surely it would have been easier
for Government itself to concede
to the legitimate and responsible
demands of a private sector that is
essentially conservative rather
than to face a stand-off situation on
the demands presented by an
angry and frustrated black youth
(or a fossilised right wing).

Opportunity >

Ideas acquire some of their le-
gitimacy from their proponents. A
unified single voice from big busi-
ness demanding far-reaching re-
form would certainly have carried
far more weight with the elector-
ate than the screams that now
emanate from angry blacks and:
frustrated Western allies.

The corporate sector needs to
stand up and be counted for the
first because it has to break the
endles spiral of too little and too

ate.

At the very least, enlightened
self-interest demands it.

Business needs to do so because
it has to be seen that collusion and
co-operation with ambiguity and
dull, unimaginative response dam-
ages the fabric of our society.

Tt needs to come out of the closet:
not because it wants to get black
em lovers and consumers off its
back, but because it wants those
constituencies to appreciate that
there is “an acceptable face of cap-
italism”, and that the creation of
wealth and private ownership is a
system that can prevail in South
Africa and provides the greatest
opportunity for us all.


IMPACT OF PRIVATIZATION OF HOSPITALS NOTED

JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 2

[Text]

cso.

added di
dustrial

The privatisation of State
hospitals is expected to set
off a stampede for medical
aid by the huge black
workforce, resulting in an

rain on sapped in-
income.

In a recent statement at
the University of the Free
State, Bloemfontein, Dr
C F Slabber, chief direc-
tor of health services and welfare of the admin-
istration of the House of Assembly, stated that
privatisation is. under discussion and must
eventually come. 4

This will leave many without subsidised
health cover.

Professor Margarethe van Huysteen, pres-
ident of the South African Nursing Associa-
tion, told EngineeringWeek: ‘‘Because some
will be without the ‘resources to adapt to this
change, a method of cover in use in America
is being considered.

“The indigent patient is subsidised by the
government direct and not through the insti-
tution.

“Of course, this still leaves numbers of peo-
ple without the services they are used to. Hard-

3400/1099

90

est-hit will be the blacks.”*

Most whites who are eligible for medical
aid cover, (85% of the workforce) have it,
according to the chairman of the Association
of Medical Aid Schemes, John Erntzen, and
this will serve to temper the wind for them.

Black medical aid membership stands at
81 554 ina workforce of 3 058 317 (excluding
domestics and agricultural workers). This
places the number of potential black medical
aid scheme members at 2 976.763.

In most schemes where blacks belong, they
are rated as low claimants. Thus, in one large,
established medical aid scheme, a white mem-
ber earning R800 a month, with two children,
is paying R153 a month. A similarly-placed *
black member pays only R46.

As black members make more use of ben-
efits and their contributions increase so will
concomitant employer contributions.

According to the secretary of an industrial
council medical aid scheme, ‘‘specialist facil- ~
ities taken for granted by whites, extending to '
the purely cosmetic — the opportunity to opt
for contact lenses instead of spectacles, for
instance saphen a compelling incentive’,

employer is bound by law to supply
medical aid if the cmploves ecaeat it, Py


JPRS“SSA*85~091
27 September 1985

GABON

BRIEFS

PRESIDENT'S PLANE HELD--Zurich, 9 Sep (AFP)--Gabonese President Omar
Bongo's personal plane is being kept here by Swiss local authorities
at the request of an American creditor, the airline Swissair said
today. The DC8 arrived here a few days ago for an overhaul by the
Balair company, an affiliate of Swissair. The creditor, who has not
been named, asked Swissair not to release the plane until Mr Bongo
had settled his debts. A Swissair spokesman said the airline had
suspended flights to Libreville, the Gabonese capital, in case Mr
Bongo's government retaliated by seizing a Swiss plane. [Text]
[Paris AFP in English 1042 GMT 9 Sep 85]

cso: 3400/1116



CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY —
COLOUREDS - AS AT MARCH 1985

(IN 000’s)

TOTAL | MALE | FEMALE
TOTAL POPULATION 2836 1400 1436
NON-ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE 1785 760 1025

ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE
~ TOTAL 1051 640 ait
WORKERS 963 589 374
UNEMPLOYED 88 51 37
—% UNEMPLOYED 84 8.0 9.0

(Central Statistical Services 9/7/85)

CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY -
BLACKS — RSA AND NATIONAL STATES
(IN 000’s) - AS AT FEBRUARY 1985

TOTAL | MALE | FEMALE

TOTAL POPULATION 18604 9579 9025

NON-ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE 12386 5420 6936
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE

= TOTAL, 6248 4159 2089

WORKERS 5737 3924 1813

~UNEMPLOYED. it 235 276

-% UNEMPLOYED 82 57 13,2

(Central Statistical Services 26/6/85)

CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY —
BLACKS — RSA AND NATIONAL STATES
(IN 000’s) - AS AT MARCH 1985

TOTAL | MALE | FEMALE

‘TOTAL POPULATION 18648 9601 9047

NON-ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE 12372 5429 6943
ECONOMICALLY ACTIVE

= TOTAL 6276 4172 2104

-WORKERS 5769 3945 1824

~UNEMPLOYED 507 227 280

~% UNEMPLOYED 84 5.4 13.3

(Central Statistical Services 18/7/85)

73



METAL INDUSTRY FACES STRIKE THREAT

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 4 Sep 85 p 8

{Article by Joshua Raboroko]

{Text]

SOUTH AFRICA’S:
metal industry is:
threatened by the|
largest industrial ac-:
tion if managements:
refuse to negotiate!
wages and conditions|
of employment. with!
unions at shop-floor
level. |
In an unprecedented |
move the Fosatu-affili-;
ated Metal and Allied‘
‘Workers Union (Mawu) ;
has threatened to take
strike action at more |
than 100 Transvaal com-
panies in an intensifica-
tion of its demand for
plant-level negotiation.
This demand follows .
an increasing frustration ‘
with the National Indus- |
trial Council which Fo- '
satu unions regard as |
employer-dominated |
and unrepresentative of ;
black workers. i
The strike, which :
might hit the heart of '
South Africa’s metal in- |
dustry, is scheduled to «
start at the end of Sep- .
tember or early Oc--
tober, according to
union sources, i
@ ANOTHER Fosatu
affiliate Paper, Wood
and Allied Workers

Union has resigned from
the paper and pulp in-
dustrial council —a
move which has been
described in trade union
circles as “a fight against
apartheid structures.”
Most black emerging
unions are not in favour
of the industrial council
system and prefer to ne-

~-gotiate wages at plant

level.

@ IT is almost certain
that thousands of black
mineworkers, who went
‘on strike on Sunday on
the country’s coal and
gold mines will be dis-
missed, according to
union sources.

This action by em:

ployers might spark off

much resentment from

various organisations,
including the Azanian
People’s Organisation

- (Azapo) the United

Democratic Front

(UDF) and several trade

unions.

Warned

The black miners, the

_National Union of

Mineworkers, has

warned that the mass fir- ©

belonging to mining

: ings could provoke sym-
‘ pathy strikes at mines ©

79

houses which have met
wage demands.

A union source said
the hardline approach
adopted by Gold Fields
of SA, Gencor and Ang-
lovaal is geared to rid
their mines of union in-
fluence.

* @ THE inaugural con-
ference on the feder-
ation of six-major trade
unions with combined
membership of about
300 000 is due to be held
at an undisclosed venue
on November 30 and

December 1, it has been

‘announced.
Following their an-

“nual conference in Cape

‘Town at the weekend,
the general secretary of
the Food Canning

orkers Union, My j2"
Theron, said the ee,
had been committed to
the federation’s confer-
ence as “it was felt that
there could be no de-
laying this important
step.”

Courses

© THE Black General
Workers union is to hold
shop stewards training
courses at the Lutheran
Church Mission Centre.
in Seshego from Sep-'

JPRS*SSA*85*091

27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

tember 7 starting at 8
am.

* ‘The courses will deal.
with a co-ordinating
committee bureau, con-
stitutions of unions, the
importance of a trade
union and other issues,
according to Mr Yasser.
Rasethaba, the union’s
national organiser.

@ THE BGWU has
also signed a wage‘
agreement with two
companies in Pieters-
burg following “hard ne-
gotiations” which ended
at mediation. The
agreements between the
union and Fafco Bakery
and another bakery has
been seen as a major.
breakthrough for work-

© THE BGWU has
also put another feather
in its cap when it man-
aged to secure ‘the re-
instatement of 150
women workers dis-
missed after a strike ac-
tion at Gronner Passi
goods production in Pie-
tersburg. .

As the recession takes~ .
its toll, General Motors

, Company in Port Eliza-

beth is to retrench 340
hourly paid and salaried
staff this month, be-
cause of what manage-



RESULTS OF DROUGHT RELIEF PROGRAM PRAISED

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 2 Sep 85 p 3

[rticle by Kegaisamang Tauf

[Bext] RAMOTSWA:

CSO:

els of
malnutrition are sald to be
dropping following the
Improvement In cattle and
crop conditions that occurred
in the 1985/86 season in
Chobe, North East areas, and
the two sub-districts of
Bobirwa and Tutume.

This observation was made
by the secretary of the
Interministerial Committee
for Drought, Mr Richard
Morgan, when he gave @
summary on drought rellef
and recovery programmes at
a three-day drought seminar
held at Kagiso Secondary
School early this week.

He said it was felt that It
was no longer necessary to
run a full-scale relief

. programme, but that what

was needed was a programme
to assist post-drought
recovery In those areas.

3400/1114

The recovery programme,
he said, was a scaled-down
version of the drought rellef
programme, targetted more
accurately on the most needy.

The programme focusses
onthe recovery of agricultural
production, measures to
boost rural Income, and the
direction of food aid to those
who continue to suffer, he
explained.

However, Mr Morgan
continued, the relief
programme was now ata
critical stage in Its fourth
consecutive year, due to the
cumulative effects of drought
and the fact that it would
continue to be a full-scale
operation until the end of
1986.

Another speaker, the South
East District Senior Education
Secretary, Mr Meshack
Phokontsi, called for an
Increase in the amounts of
cash paid for cattle and
smatistock purchased from
farmers under the cattle
purchase scheme.

JPRS*SSA*854091

27 September 1985

BOTSWANA

Mr Phokonts! claimed that
he had received complaints
from a number of farmers
who felt that the P100 and
P25 pald for a beast and a
goat respectively under the
scheme was too little. _

The Senlor Education
Secretary, who discussed
school feeding In the seminar,
told participants that the Food
Resources Department (FRD)
was responsible for the
supply of foodstuffs to the 14
district primary schools,
which have a total enrolment
of 7 026 pupils. 7

Earlier, during the official
opening, F.R.D. Director Mr
K.F, Mokobi had warned the
personnel concerned with the
general distribution of relief
to guard against delays and
other obstacles to the
distribution of food to the
needy.



JPRS=SSA¥854091
27 September 1985

TANZANIA

MWINYI'S BACKGROUND OUTLINED

Nairobi THE WEEKLY REVIEW in English 23 Aug 85 pp 16, 17

IN a rare occurrence on the African conti-
nent, ‘I'anzania last’ week nominated a
presidential candidate in the presence of;
and during the tenuré of, the outgoing’
‘president, Dr. Julius Nyerere. 'The presi-
dent’ of Zanzibar, Mr. Hassan Mwinyi,
was on ‘Thursday nominated by the ruling |
Chama Cha Mapinduzi party as the sole |
carididate for the presidency of the United i
Republic of Tanzania to succeed Nyerere, |
who retires in October. At a special:
-national party’ conference, Nyerere,
proposed Mwinyi for the post ‘and the:
proposal was seconded by| the party's
secretary-general, Mr. Rashidi Kawawa,
and supported , by the” unions’, prime!
minister, Mr. Salim Ahmed Salim.
Mwinyi was endorsed with an overwhelm-"
ing majority, with 1,731 out of 1,746
' delegates voting in his favour and only 14-
against. ‘he presidential and general
elections will be held on October 27, when
the electorate on the mainland will vote.
for a national president and members of
parliament, while those in Zanzibar will
also vote for a national president, the,
Zanzibar president and members of their,
constituent house of representatives. Mr.
Idris-Abdul Wakil, a former speaker of,
the Zanzibar house of representatives was
on Wednesday nominated as the sole can-
didate for the presidency of Zanzibar.
“Mwinyi’s nomination ended months of
speculation as to who, would succeed
Nyerere as president. Outsiders, had
placed their bets on better known per-
sonalities suchas Kawawa and Salim as
ppposed to Mwinyi, who has so far not
made any impression on the international
community. Kawawa, in patticular has,
since Independence, been considered .
Nyerere’s closest confidante and now as

107

sécrétary general of the party, probably
the country’s second most powerful man.
Salim, for his part, has made a name for
himself on the international scene, first as’
the permanent representative to the,
United Nations and as Tanzania’s foreign,
minister, and is the best known ‘Tanza-,
nian politician next to Nyerere. When.
introducing Mwinyi to the conference, |
Nyerere conceded that Mwinyi was a new
man to senior national leadership posi-,
tions and was not a known quantity inter-,
nationally. . But. he has many, other,
qualities, Nyerere said, that make him
an appropriate nominee. According to”
Nyerere,, Mwinyi is a capable and,
nationally popular man with forceful
ideas which would greatly help ‘Tanzania
in combating its many economic
problems. “Mwinyi is a righteous, impar-
tial. and respectful man,” said Nyérere
adding that, in his leadership, Mwinyi
had been propagating ‘lanzania’s policies .
of socialism and self-reliance:: : 43

Mwinyi is a Zanzibari of mainland
origin, having been born in Dar es Salaam .
before his parents moved to Zanzibar
when he was a child, He received an early”

, Islamic education at the local ‘Town Boys
iPrimary Sctiool before he joined the
Government Boys’ Secondary School and
jthen a teacher training school at Dole. He
‘became a primary school teacher and,
then proceeded to Sussex University in
Britain to study for a teaching diploma.
‘On his return, he became a tutot at the,
} Beit el Ras Teacher ‘l'raining College and,'
lin. the mid-fifties, became an active!
member of the then Afro-Shirazi political
party in Zanzibar. In 1961, Mwinyi retuit- '
ned to Britain to sttidy public administra-

|



cso:

but who nonetheless enjoy ‘considerable
recognition as independent researchers of
high quality’; Category C — Proven resear-
chers who have maintained a constant level
of research productivity and whose work
is regularly made known internationally.

Two other categories were created for
applicants who did not make the grade for
an award, and a final group, category Y,
who do receive support, on the grounds of
being ‘young researchers who are potential
high fliers’.

Summaries of the category ratings by
field and institution are shown in the tables.

Centres of excellence

Two research groups have been accord-
ed the status of centres of excellence by the
CSIR. This distinction arises primarily
from recognition of the calibre of the two
research leaders concerned, their interna-
tional standing as scientists and their suc-
cess in attracting top quality staff and
students and international collaboration
with overseas institutions.

They are the Wits/CSIR Schonland
Research Centre for Nuclear Sciences at the
University of the Witwatersrand (former-
ly the Wits Nuclear Physics Research Unit),
whose director is Professor J.P.F. (Friedel)
Selischop, and the Centre for Microbiology
at the University of Cape Town, which is
headed by Professor Claus von Holt.

The Y-team

Six scientists have been selected by the
CSIR as the first participants in a newly in-
stituted support scheme known as the Presi-
dent’s Award for Young Researchers. The
awards recognise achievement at the doc-
toral and early post-doctoral stage, and
candidates must be less than 35 years of age

‘and on the full-time permanent staff of a

university or museum, The awards are valid
for three years only and make financial
provision for the appointment of research
assistants and the recruitment of post-
graduate students, travel and running
expenses.

This year’s award winners are Dr F.C.
Botha, a lecturer in botany at the Univer-

3400/1099

77

sity of the Orange Free State, whose
research interest is the regulation of car-
bohydrates by plant tissues); Dr B.M.
Herbst (applied mathematics, UOFS,
numerical techniques in the solution of
linear partial differential equations); Pro-
fessor W.J. de Wet (a biochemist at Pot-
chefstroom University); Dr M.S. Potgieter
(physics, Potchefstroom University, cosmic
rays); Dr E.P. Rybicki (microbiology,
University of Cape Town, how simple
viruses cause plant diseases and how these
can be combated); Dr C.L, Vaughan
(biomedical engineering, University of
Cape Town, ultrasonic techniques to per-
mit the three-dimensional study of
movements of the human body).

Category ratings by institution/university

A B c Y
Cape Town 130 3350 2
Witwatersrand 7 36 60 0
Fort Hare 0 1 3 0
Potchefstroom 2 7 9 2
Rand Afrikaans 2 6 1S 0
Rhodes 0 12 19 0
Natal 3 14 so. 0
UNISA 3 4 8 0O
Free State 1 4 31 2
Pretoria 2 6... 30 0
Port Elizabeth 0 6 13 0
Stellenbosch 0 3 20 0
‘Western Cape 0 0 2 0
Durban-Westville 0 0 9 0
Museums 2 8 6 0
Others 0 0 2 0

35° 140) 327 6

Category ratings by fields

A BoC
Physics 10 22047
Mathematics 2 Wo 37
Biochemistry 1 2 2B
Earth sciences 3. 19. 39
Statistics 2 5 °°
Plant sciences 0 12 34
Engineering 3M 2s
Museum sciences 4012 0
Animal sciences 3018 41
Chemistry 6 2 49
Microbiology 1 6 14
Others o 0 6



JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

HOME LOANS GRANTED--The United Building Society has granted home loans
totalling nearly Rlbn in the five months since April compared with loans
valued at R1,4bn for the whole of 1984. In July the UBS granted loans worth
R266m, almost doubling the amounts lent earlier in 1985. "Our home loans
under R60 000 have trebled since the beginning of the year. In January we
lent R50,2m in this category, while in July we lent a record R146m," chief
executive Piet Badenhorst said. Further advances for home improvements also
increased dramatically. In January the society lent R11,3m in this category,
while in July the figure rose to R60,7/m. It is unlikely, however, the tempo
of home lending will continue at the same rate in the next few months. "We
feel that in the current recession we can alleviate some of the pressure in
the building industry by providing the necessary finance for further building
projects. In this way, not only more South Africans can own their own homes,
but more jobs can be created, particularly among the lower income earners,"
Badenhorst said. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Aug 85 p 4]

KOEDOFSPOORT MICROCHIP PLANT—~Dust is one of the biggest problems in the manu-
facture of computer microchips. The greater the dust count in the manufactur-
ing environment, the greater the rejection rate of the chips will be. South
African Micro Electronic Systems (SAMES) is currently building a new high-
tech pilot line within its existing microchip manufacturing facility at
Koedoespoort. The pilot line will employ advanced technology for the pro-
duction of chips smaller than 3 micron, down from the 4 micron being manu-
factured using current processes. Clean air requirements will be far more
criticial in the new facility, says SAMES's manager of wafer-fab operations,
Dave Ewins. To meet these demands, SAMES is to install what is claimed to be
the ultimate in air-filtration systems--an electrostatic Hepa filter supplied
by Brandt Trading of Johannesburg. The company's executive director, Dieter
Schorn, says, while conventional Hepa filters reject 99,997% of particles
striking the filter, the efficiency of the new electrostatic Hepa filter is
guch that no known instruments can measure contaminants remaining after filtra-
tion. "It's one of the greatest new things in air filtration technology,"
Schorn said. "It's expensive, so it's only likely to be used where it's
really needed. It's too good for normal applications," he said. [Text]
{Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 28]

ELECTRICAL SUB-STATIONS--South Africa's electrical distribution system is

rapidly approaching state-of-the-art technology, and by the end of next year
the world's first high-voltage gas~insulated sub-station will come on stream.

103



JPRS+SSA“8 54091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

CRANES ORDERED FOR NEW TANK FARMS

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Aug 85 p 113

Text

t ] hree large mines have ordered tured apart from the hoist gearbox
tower cranes from Liebherr- and slewing ring. They have a hook
Africa for the erection and main- height of 31 m, a lifting capacity of
tenance of new tank farms. The tank 16 t at 15,5 m radius, and 4,2 t ata

farms will be erected at Western Deep maximum reach of 45 m.
Levels, Grootvlei and East Dagga- The cranes were used for the con-
fontein. struction of the tanks, installation of
The orders follow the use by Ergo the agitators, pipework and all an-
of two Liebherr 180HC tower cranes, cilliary steelwork platforms. This ob-
for construction and maintenance _viated the use of many mobile cranes
work on its new carbon-in-leach tank that would have been necessary on a
farm in Vlakfontein Road, Witpoort, steeply sloping and congested site
in Brakpan. resulting in considerable savings in

The cranes were locally manufac- _the cost of construction.

The cranes are now used for main-
tenance work and therefore no steel
superstructure with association lifting
was necessary in the design of the
plant.

“Plant personnel are highly satis-
fied with the versatility and ease of
control of these cranes for main-
tenance purposes,” an Ergo spokes-
man said.

Liebhetr cranes were purchased
because of price competitiveness and
fast delivery — within six weeks of
the date of order. Another important
aspect was local manufacture, states
the company.

The Ergo tank farm which uses the
new C-I-L process, is the largest plant
of its type in the world.

cso: 3400/1099

88


cso:

3400/1121

“white community meeting with the top regional offi-
cial of the Government who administers black. af-
fairs. The junior primary school is to be built this
year. The scrapping of rent arrears and a rental ceil-
ing for black pensioners of five rand has been accept-
ed by the Government official in principle. The amal-
gamated municipality has been proposed. ,

The police issue has been the most fascinating. The
whites refused to make formal representations to the
police about their activities in the township.

What they did was “network”. They talked to their
friends, brothers, sons who were in the local police
detachment. They had discussion meetings with the
local commander. “What I and others did behind the
scenes,” Mr de Bruin said, “was basically try to cre-
ate goodwill and understanding.”

Sudden change

“The police now are very friendly in the township,”
Mr Nkwinti said. “There has been a sudden change of -
attitude from the police side.”

What is to be said about Port Alfred?

On the white side, businessmen and municipal poli-
ticians from other communities are calling Mr de
Bruin for advice. He laughs when he tells the story
about the security policeman visiting him in June to
ask what exactly he was up to.

He also talks about Port Alfred’s whites being
proud of the attention their town suddenly is receiv-
ing.

On the black side, Mr Nkwinti said his community
is not going to be compromised on its goal for black
liberation “simply because we have established some
good rapport with whites”.

But he adds this: “Port Alfred is not an island in
South Africa.” He means that what painstakingly,
step by step, is being attempted here, 20km from a
place called Kaffir’s Drift, is going to be noted across
the country. “The Government keeps saying things
can’t change easily. We’ve shown how easy it can be.”

56



JPRS*SSA+85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MEDIA CRITICIZED FOR ENCOURAGING BLACKS TO EXPECT LIBERATION
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 1 Sep 85'p 18
[Article by Otto Krause]

{Text ]

HOWEVER much the Roman circus has been’
condemned by Christian ci ilisation, one must

admit the Romans had a
sdmit the Rom a

They knew that pampered people with time on their
hands love few things more than gory spectacle. They
loved it then; they love it now — just give them the
chance.

Nowadays it is as freely provided as it was In Nero's
day. But, of course, in a much more civilised manner,

You don’t have to go down to the Coliseum to betray
your blood lust, for you are offered such spectacle on
your screen at home. They call it television news; and to
give some tone it is usually offered with moral guid-
ance (according to prevailing doctrine).

As we all know, this has become a major phenom- .
enon in the West, at least since the affluent sixties; and
there was nothing that so
much brought home its
ugly aspects — or its poli-
tical potency — as the
Vietnam war,

Since then the electronic
media have mastered the
technique of presenting
news as spectacle.

It is possible that the
South African Government
has not quite registered the
harmful impact of this phe-
nomenon overseas, for it
has surprisingly allowed a
grim, condemnatory TV
spectacular to be beamed
from these shores for no
less than a year — much to
the detriment of us all.

Grievance

And since It is now just
on a year after the start of

mind that Government, in
seeking credibility for that
poll, had given rein to the
radicals,

On another level, after
ices of Western pressure,

it had given the Internation-
al media full run of the
country.

Both ways it was acting
in a liberal manner.

In the event, the radical
left saw a clear opportun-
ity, and set out to make
trouble in the ripening cir-
cumstances.

To this must be added an
observation about the oft-
repeated circumstance in
which South Afriea’s “un.
derpeoples”, blacks today
and the Afrikaners of yes-

a cer in

our time of troubles, a.k.a.
the continuous South Afri-

year, one must keep in So it was in two World’

Wars when many Afri-
kaners, cha. ngs
lish hegemony and full of
grievance, dreamt (quite
natvely) that Germany

would free them. In anticl- bet

pation, they made trouble.

A similar dream touched
blacks after the RSA’s
withdrawal from Angola.
Blacks then thought the
Russians and the Cubans
would come and free them.
This helped trigger Soweto

Fortuitous
The point is, such hopes
of foreign help have never

' day in as strong a

sult of underpeoples being
Tnoked intn a fortnitons hal-
ance of forces,

We have always had this
kind of balance in South
Africa, between English
and Afrikaners, between
white and black, or, one
could say, hetween talent
and numbers.

Hence the wishful think-
ing of underpeoples that
outside power would enter
the equation and tip the bat-
ance In their favour.

But the hard fact is such
internal balance applies as
much at present as it did in
earlier times.

White South Africa is to-
position
to prevent a black takeover
as was the English interest
in two World Wars in ward-
ing off those radical Afri-
kaner bids

All these aspects came
together in the troubles
that started last Septem-

Tr.
First, ‘there was a rising
black awareness and anger
at the slow pace of reform.

Second, black _alien-

tation —hecause of the pri-
‘ority given to a settlement
‘with the brown people.

At the same time the
radicals were placed in the
position of being able to set
an ugly media event in
train.

Then, as
dA the ¢
of the
poured

3 it got under way
re

increas-
blacks
b

jn,



Kanyon Doe; the secretary general of the INA, Mr Patrick Biddle; the
minister of information, Mr Carlton Karpeh; and the press secretary
to the head of state, Mr Patrick (Cummins), so as to frankly discuss
issues affecting the relationship between the press and the govern-
ment.

Earlier, Mr (Warite) pointed out that national development of any
kind will be hard to achieve in the absence of a positive concerted
action between those who formulate development policies on the one
hand, and on the other hand, those whose sacred and profesional
responsibility it is to facilitate the successful implementation of
these policies.

CsO: 3400/1098

14


[Hani] Correct; it is the product of that system, this criminal
element. But that criminal element must be controlled. They must not
be allowed to jump onto the bandwagon of our revolution, and harrass
and mutilate our people for their own personal interests. The time
has come for us to organize our [word indistinct] in all the townships,
our own units to discipline anybody who violates the rules of our
[word indistinct] like burning down shops, like burning homes, like
robbing people, robbing and pickpocketing the workers coming from
work, so that everything must fall into proper line. There must be
command, and this command must be followed. And those who break the
rules should be punished. [end recording]

cso: 3400/1107

43



NAUDE COMMENTS ON UNREST AT INTER-REGIONAL WCC MEETING

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Sep 85 p 4

[Text]

cso:

3400/1120

HARARE. — Unrest in
South Africa would con-
tinue and¥ the situation
would not return to nor-
mal unless the Govern-
ment gave full political
tights to the majority, the
General Secretary of the
South African Council of
Churches, Dr Beyers
Naude, said in an inter-
view published in Harare
yesterday.

He said: “My impres-
sion is that the level of
anger on the part of the
people, especially the
young, has risen to such a
degree that although the
system may temporarily
Suppress their action . . .
we will have one wave of
resistance after another,
increasingly gaining
strength until it will no
longer be contained.”

Dr Naude arrived in
Harare on Monday night
to take part in a week-
long inter-regional _meet-
ing of the World Council
of Churches and the com-
mission on churches’ pat

ment.

Delegates to the meet-
ing are from Asia, Latin
America, Africa, Austra-
lia, New Zealand, Europe
and North America.

Asked to clarify the

47

position of the SACC on
the use of violence as a
weapon against _apart-
heid, Dr Naude said all
churches in South Africa
continued to advocate
non-violence.

“But the SACC has re-
cognised it can no longer
condemn those who have
decided to enter into the
violent struggle because
of their convictions,” he
said.

If the situation worsen-
‘ed and the Government
thought the emergency
could not be contained,
there would be no alter-
native but to move to-
‘wards military rule in
South Africa, he said.

Dr Naude said he was
certain President Rea-
gan’s sanctions would be
“ineffective” because the
US Jeader still wanted to
operate within the frame-
‘work of the apartheid sys-
tem.

i On that basis, he said,
Mr Botha would be will-
ing to make reforms re-
quired by Mr Reagan.
“But such reforms would
not be adequate to meet

" the expectations and de-

mands of the majority of
the people of our coun-
try.” — Sapa.

JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS ON CSIR RESEARCHERS GIVEN
Marshalltown SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE in English Vol 81 Jul 85 p 344

[Text] South African researchers have been classified by independent asses-
sors. The distribution of the most highly regarded varies widely from univer-

sity to university.

THE PHILOSOPHY and manner of
operation of the CSIR’s new Main
Research Support Programme were outlin-
ed by its chief architect, Professor Jack de
Wet, in an article in our March issue (p.
106). In this report we indicate how the
research funding cake for 1985 has been
divided up among the different institutions
in accordance with this scheme.

The funding scheme exists to support
full-time members of staff of universities
and museums. There are no favoured fields
of research, and grantholders are free to
choose and pursue their research in the way
they think best. Assessments of project pro-
posals no longer play any role in the deci-
sion whether or not to support a candidate,
and the level of support depends solely on
the outcome of an evaluation of the in-
dividual, based on his record at the time
of assessment.

Evaluations are made by eleven three-
man committees, in association with Pro-
fessor de Wet, the CSIR’s Research Grants
Adviser, which comprise leading authorities
in their disciplines, and covered the follow-
ing fields: Animal sciences (the evaluators
were Professors G.N. Louw, V.C. Moran
and D, Mitchell); Biochemistry (Dr D.P.
Botes and Professors C.J. Reinecke and C.
von Holt); Chemistry (Professors J.C.A.
Boeyens, R.J, Haines and C.W.
Holzapfel); Earth sciences (Professors R.V.
Dingle, A.J. Erlank and G. von
Gruenewaldt); Engineering (Professors
R.P. King, J.B. Martin and J.D. van
Wyk); Mathematics and computer science

76

(Prof. K.A. Hardie and Dr D.H. Martin);
Microbiology (Professors O.W. Prozesky
and D.R. Woods and Dr D.W. Verwoerd);
Museum sciences (Drs C.K, Brain and B.R.
Stuckenberg and Prof. J.A.J. Meester);
Plant sciences (Professors C.F. Cresswell,
O.A.M. Lewis and B.H. Walker); Physics
(Professors R.H. Lemmer, J.P.F.
Sellschop and A.D.M. Walker); and
Statistics (Dr D.M. Hawkins and Pro-
fessors F. Lombard and’J.H. Venter).

Members of these committees will serve
for three years, after which there will be a
cyclical replacement, with one member
retiring each year. In this initial evaluation
exercise, it is reported that none of the com-
mittees had any difficulty in achieving con-
sensus over the merits of the candidates
presented to them.

Nearly 900 applications were received for
assessment, of which slightly over 500
qualified for awards. As far as the manage-
ment of the scientific research effort in
South Africa is concerned, these evalua-
tions, though not inclusive of everyone
eligible for research grants (there were those
who chose not to apply for funding),
highlight the relative strengths of the
research community and, equally impor-
tant, those areas where we seem to be weak
and require remedial measures,

The committees recognised the follow-
ing classifications of researcher: Category
A — Researchers who are without doubt
accepted by the international community
as being amongst the leaders in their field;
Category B — Others, not in category A,


cso:

3400/1108

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

(Mr. C. William Allen is former
editor-in-chief of FOOTPRINTS
TODAY newspaper. He is currerit-
ly an Instructor in Journalism
at the University of Liberia.
He holds a Bachelor's degree
in Journalism and a Master's
degree in Public Administra-
tion).



COETSEE WARNS AFRIKANERS OF SURRENDER ATTITUDE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 11 Sep 85 p 8

[Text]

sO:

3400/1121

“BLOEMFONTEIN. —

The leader of the Nat-
ional Party in the Orange
Free State and Minister of
Justice, Mr Kobie Coet-
see, yesterday rejected
what he termed “an atti-
tude of self-reproach and
atonement through sur-
render” being advocated
for the Afrikaner.

“If we give in to this the
Republic of South Africa
will soon be the most
popular corpse in his-
tory,” he told his party
congress in Bloemfontein
yesterday morning.

Mr Coetsee criticised
“prominent White lead-
ers” who insisted that the
White man, particularly
the Afrikaner, was guilty
of “a mass of mistakes”
which he had to admit
and atone for by way of
surrender.

“This is a syndrome

' without foundation and is

aimed to break down self-

51

confidence in what has
been achieved here.”

This “collective insani-
ty” was part of a three-
part strategy to:

@ Break down the will
and energy to resist and
make South Africa vul-
nerable;

@ Create a climate for
negotiations, the result of
which would be pre-de-
termined and any alterna-
tive rejected; and:

@ Keep South Africa
on the defensive and en-
sure it was kept so busy
on the local and internat-
ional fronts that it would
only react to circum-

stances created from out-

side.

“This gives a particular

meaning to the present
unrest which is created ar-
tificially among school-
children at the age of 12
and younger by agitating
for political rights,” Mr
Coetzee said.

This strategy was aimed
primarily at the collapse
of the present constitu-
tional structure and of
every political party that

. participated in it as well

as the collapse of all the

_ Black states that co-oper-

ated in creating a South-

ern African bulwark
against Russian expansio-
nism. —Sapa.

JPRS#SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA



Selected Tables, Labor Statistics for July 1985
(IIR INFORMATION SHEET, Jul ES

Stanbic: Quantify South Africa's Liabilities
(BUSINESS DAY, 3 Sep tS)

Details on CSIR Researchers Given
(SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF SCIENGE, Jul 85).........eeeeeeee

Possibility of Economic Recovery Discussed
(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85)......ccccececcceccece

Metal Industry Faces Strike Threat
(Joshua Raboroko; SOWETAN, 4 Sep 85)....cececececcceccecece

Cost of Anglovaal's Deep Shaft Project Reported
(THE CITIZEN, 6 Sep 85) ...cccceccccscccceceecuceucuceveeces

Opposition Spokesman on Economic Problems, Remedies
(Harry Schwarz; SUNDAY TIMES, 1 Sep 85).......cccececececee

Growth of Electronics Industry Forecast
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85).......cececececescccecesecece

Search for Gold Intensified
(MINING WORLD, Aug 85)....... cc cece ec ec ccc cecesceeeceseeees

Development of Zululand Anthracite Mine Progresses
(MINING WORLD, Aug 85).....ccceccececeeceeeeceeeecnceeceves

Cranes Ordered for New Tank Farms
(MINING WORLD, Aug 85)... ...ccc cee cecece cece ceceeeetecsseee

Babcock Moxey Wins Ash Conveyance Contract
(MINING WORLD, Aug 85).......cccceeecececcccccecececereneee

Impact of Privatization of Hospitals Noted
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)......cececceeececcceeeeeeeee

Mine Seismology Use of Computers Examined
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)..

Rhodium Reefs Mine To Come on Stream in 1987
(MINING WORLD, Aug 85) .....ccccccececc ccc c cc ecececececeeeee

Fluidex Oil Purification Technology Described
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)......ccccecececscsecececerece

New Liquid Filtration Separator Invented
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)....sccceecccccccccccenceccees

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JPRS*SSA“85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

REUNERT COMPUTER PRODUCTION, EXPORT REPORTED
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 1 Sep 85 p 5
[Article by Kerry Clarke]

{Text ]

cso:

A REUNERT gom- ;
pany is a jump ahea

the rest in South |..
African manufacture
and export of comput-
er equipment.

Saco Systems has shipped
a container of SA-made
computer equipment fe
Chile, and expects to
crease exports to signif
cant volumes” in the next
ear, South America and
Lee are the target mar-
ets,

The first shipment was’
worth about R10000, and
Saco managing director
Steve Millard is visiting
South America, drumming
up more business.

Card reader
Operations director Mike

Horan says Saco has sup-
pied Anglo American valnes
SA and Chile with person-

- Bel access and Information
systems, and copper mines
in Chile are interested in
buying them.

The access system is

3400/1099

based on the card reader
+ concept. Each worker —in a
palne, | nctory or office bulld-
ing — possesses a magnetic
card dnched with holes and
enabl the computerised
render ‘to identify the card

ier.

commute reader is linked to a
ed personnel sys-
tem hich has all the work-
er’s personal details on file
in the database. The comput-
er will also have informa-
tion on whether the worker
is allowed to enter ses

after hours and if he is aa-
thorised to do overtime

Saco ae more than
workers use its ac-
cess systems in SA. Saco
claims the largest share of
the computerised access
control market in SA. ICL
and IBM also have systems
in the market.”

Saco makes about 80% of
the system in Johannesbu:
and is look to increase
content, investigating

68

|
the possibility of manufac- ;
turing a memory-based de-
vice instead of importing the
magnetic storage ee
Mr Horan says the SA sy:
‘tems are competitive in oth
price and quality with im-
ported lucts,

“We have the technteal
competence here,
also have ood labour that'g is
cheay in the US and
UK. That is why we can com-
pete.

Benefits

The company began man-
ufacture of its alt computer
Processor and data collec-
tion terminal range and ac-
cess control products at the
beginning of this year and
has built up production toa
Nal of about R360000 a

Steve Millard, managing
director of Saco Systems,
says: “We have found we are

able to produce a
whose quality is at
good as the imported

Fw

; alent without pail ance

increases to the end user.
“te reoiucts can make
r products for our ay
Plications than can be im
Ported.

“There are also many
benefits from our custom-
ers’ point of view. They have
@ secure future, knowin,
that we can continue wi
our product line, irrespec-
tive of abet oa They will
have on- going support support and
stable pri

“Before going ahead with
our manufacturing plans, we
completed extensive re-
search to make sure that the
move was justified, We did
this when the rand was at
52US cents, and had favour-
able results.”
paniromeda, a sister

unert company, specialis-
ing in sophisticated comput-
er equipment, also began
manufacture of computer
terminals at the beginning of
the year, It ts product
about 100 computer term!
nals a month,


REFORM ROLE OF 'BIG BUSINESS' STRESSED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 1 Sep 85 p 19

[Article by Peter Wrighton, Chairman of Premier Food Industries:
ness Must Stand Up and Be Counted--To Break the Endless Spiral of too Little

and too Late")

[Text]

most aspects of the qual-
ity of our lives in recent
years acts as a summary of
e effects of almost four dec-
ades of apartheid ideology.
The economy is in tatters; infla-
tion, interest rates, personal tax-
ation and unemployment have all
soared; our international isolation
is complete in many respects; life
in the townships, endemic violence,
suspension of the rule of law, have
all meant that existence for the
black man is sheer life-sapping
drudgery. And through it all, there
are many who seem almost inured
to this litany of woe and misery.
No wonder then, that the black
man has decided to exert pressure
(violence aside) through the two
economic mechanisms that are
available to him: the sale of his
labour and the exercise of his
power as a consumer.

Message

The message to white capital
from black labour and the black
consumer is now being presented
most forcibly. White capital needs
to join its lot with black political
aspirations. No longer is the disen-
franchised majority prepared to
allow employer and supplier to
take a neutral stance.

At the very least, it will not ac-
cept silence.

The leaders of commerce and .
industry have been extraordinarily |
slow in articulating their opposi-

Te: astonishing decline in |

23

” tlon to a system that, in the end,
must inevitably spell disaster for
the preservation of white wealth.
It is true that we can point to iso-
lated examples where business
leadership has criticised and con-
demned Government policy and it
is equally true that there has been
an increasing groundswell of oppo-
sition from the Private sector.

But we should not forget that it
was only with the emergence of the

+ Urban Foundation less than 10
years ago that big business started

aking a political and social stance.
Of course, it must be accepted that
business is a conservative force
and it is not the responsibility of
businessmen to engineer social

change.

Nevertheless, in an era when
* there has been a lack of visionary
leadership, the many competent
men who run South Africa’s largest
corporations should perhaps have
en out sooner and with less

equivocation,

The responses are still inad-~

equate. They stop short of convey-
ing to black labour a widespread
and meaningful concern.

Such concern must spell out ex-
plicitly white capital's require-
ments and its vision for a more
secure South Africa. We need, for
example, to hold hands across
competitive boundaries, different
vested interest camps and breach
loyalties bred from separate lan-
guages and cultures to call for:

@ A specific, phased programme
for the abolition of influx control.
, @A mechanism for meeting

JPRS*SSA=85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

"Big Busi-



JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SALES SLUMP FORECAST FOR DURABLES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Aug 85 p 2

{Article by Liz Rouse]

{Text ]

THE durables sector of the retail
market is set for a record decline of
40% in the September quarter.

The forecast is contained in an analy-
sis of the retail sector by the Planning
resources division of the 67-store furni-
ture chain, Morkels, a Federale Volks-
beleggings subsidiary.

The gloomy
30,5% real decline in durable goods
sales recorded in the June quarter.

The analysis — prepared by Derek
Russell, general manager, planning re-
sumption expenditure ail denn by
sumption expenditure ine
3,7% in 1985.

This contrasts sharply with the 31%

average annual grow!
1980 to 1984 and reflects the impact of
declining real average incomes, high
unemployment and the dramatic dete-
rioration in consumer confidence in the
past 12 months.

This picture is presented against
total retail sales at December of

forecast follows the

rivate con- -,

recorded from .°

- have been 13 758 lay-offs in

overkill. The authorities refuse to
recognise that natural forces at work in
the market are sufficient to prevent a
credit-generated sales boom and,
therefore, their failure to return to the
Ladofca controls on deposits and terms
to pre-August 1984 levels will ensure
that these excessive trends persist to
the detriment of the durable and furni-
ture industry.”

The latest available employment
data for the furniture industry show
there are 115 000 employees in retailing
and 31979 in manufacturing. There
retail
sector and 6 753 in the manufacturing
sector, with 6 446 on short-time.

.. The analysis notes that in the first
quarter the brunt of reduced spending
has been borne by the motor sector,
with new car sales down by 35% in real
terms. Furniture sales were 17% down.
But this situation was likely to change
in mid-year, with furniture sector re-
sults likely to decline at a faster rate

R29,04bn of which R3,25bn, or 11,4%, than those of the motor industry,
bie contributed by the furniture indus- as foonsemny durable sector (clothing
a ear), in which the Morke!
By December 1985 total retail turn- subsidiary Totalsports chain operates,

over is expected to show a growth of
12% to R31,8bn. But thet furniture indus”
expected growth 6
wy at R2,9bn, will account for only 9%
‘of total sales.
Projected into the first quarter of

1986, furniture sector sales as acontrib- °

utor to total retail sales are expected to
drop to 7,5%, the lowest on record.

. The report says that, historically, the
durables sector moves in advance of an
economic downturn. The trend in the

resent recession has been exacerbated

y Draconian measures introduced in

there had been a 7,6% decline in sales,
Though real sales growth rates were
forecast to improve towards the end of
fhe ear, fas results from F fetallers
for the guarter warned against
“unfounded optimism” of an upturn.
During the first quarter of 1985 all
retail categories other than groceries
and pharmaceuticals recorded a de-
cline in contribution to total retail

es.

Even the retail liquor industry had
recorded a compound rate of decline
over two years of 5%.

i ecense meme en Seman redo
c n xerting some pres-
“Currently this represents a massive sure on price rises. In furniture, price

66


JPRS*SSA*85~091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

ELECTRICITY PRICE HIKE EXPLAINED
Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 1 Sep 85 p 6
[Article by Stephen McQuillan)

[Text]

BIGGER increases in electricity prices
were averted thanks to a mini-boom in
sectors of the economy which last year
brought in a bonus of at least R130 mil-
lion in power sales alone.

Escom says at the very least the 10-per-
cent increase in the price of electricity, an-
nounced on Friday, was delayed by three to
four months beacuse of this boom and other

factors.

The increase should not have a devastating
effect on inflation, according to Volkskas econo-
mist Adam Jacobs. The overall inflation rate
should increase by only 0,05 percent as a result.

But the electricity sales boost — for export-led
industries — would not have occurred without
recession in South Africa.

‘As Western economies recovered in 1983 from
the worldwide slump, the rand/dollar exchange
rate plummeted, leading to a dash for profits by
South African concerns eager to cash in overseas.

Mining operations, iron and steel-making plants
and ferro-alloy producers boosted activities as
managements scrambled to take advantage of in-
viting market opportunities. :

As export-related industries produced more, a
greater demand was placed on the Railways to
transport raw materials and finished products,
which in turn created a demand for electricity.

South African Transport Services increased its
consumption of electricity in 1984 by 11,1 percent
over the previous year. In 1983 SATS recorded a
6,7-percent decrease. .

Increased activity in these industries led to
rocketing growth in sales for Escom.
In 1984 the power utility recorded a growth in

59

sales of 8,8 percent over the
previous year and is predicting
about 5 percent this year — but
the lower figure is not because
export-led industries are not
doing as well.

“Tt’s simply that we are
reaching a saturation point,”
said Mr Rob Reilly, Escom’s
assistant power-sales manager.
“What is required now is in-
vestment.”

Growth of electricity sales to
ferro-alloy producers in 1984
meant an increase in revenue
for Escom of R56,3 million
over the previous year; in min-
ing it reflected R45,3 million;
electrified railways, R20,8 mil-
lion and in the iron and steel
sector, R11,1 million.

Without the boom, the
growth would not have been as
high. Without the growth,
Escom would have run into
major problems.

“A larger increase in
Escom’s accumulated deficit
and consequent big increases in
electricity tariffs would have
been inevitable had it not been
for this mini-boom,” said Mr

Reilly. .

“The fall-off in electricity
sales that would have resulted
would have hit Escom hard.
There would have been a prob-
lem because our costs are
fixed.”

Escom’s capital expenditure
is based on expected growth in



JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SIERRA LEONE

OFFSHORE OIL EXPLORATION BEGINS
Freetowm WE YONE in English 21 Aug 85 pp 1, 6

[ext] Exploration for oil has gone off to smooth start in Sulima area, and
last week the President, Dr. Siaka Stevens was there to witness the traditional
ceremony of pouring libation.

In his welcome address at the ceremony, Mr. Solomon Demby, MP for Pujehun East
constituency, explained that the traditional ceremony of pouring libation to
the ancestral spirits was for good luck and prosperity, particularly in the
drilling exercise.

AMOCO Sierra Leone-Exploration Company which has been Prospecting for oil in

an offshore area covering more than seven million acres, started drilling its
first exploratory well in the offshore coast of Sierra Leone on August 4 ’
according to the Vice-President for Production Europe and West Africa, Mr. B. C.
Holmes.

Speaking at last Wednesday's ceremony, Mr. Holmes said that his company plans to
drill a depth of 12,500 metres almost two and a half miles dow.

If they didn't find oil, he said the company will continue with its exploration
activities.

AMOCO, he said, has the financial and techno, logical resources to move ahead
promptly and efficiently with further exploration and development programmes.

In his remarks, President Stevens said that Sierra Leone's policy is to encourage
companies willing to share their expertise and finance in tapping our resources.

He expressed profound gratitude and appreciation to the AMOCO officials for
their conmitment in the search for oil in this country and urged all Sierra
Leoneans to cooperate with them.

Present at the ceremony were the new Leader and Secretary, General of the APC ’

Major-General J,S. Momoh, First Vice President S, I, Koroma, Second Vice Pres-
ident F. M. Minah, and the American Ambassador, Mr. Arthur Lewis and wife.

cso: 3400/1112

16


JPRS+SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

HENDRICKSE INTERVIEWED ON SCHOOLS UNREST
MB111440 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1815 GMT 8 Sep 85

[Interview with Chairman of the Colored Ministers Council Reverend
Allan Hendrickse in Cape Town on the "Network" program by Andre Le
Roux]

[Text] In the Western Cape nearly half of colored schools and colleges

have been closed due to unrest until further notice. Andre le Roux

of our political staff interviewed the chairman of the colored ministers
council, the Reverend Allan Hendrickse, on the reasons for the closure.

[Begin video] [Le Roux] Minister, how would you sum up the situation
today in the Western Cape?

[Hendrickse] I want to say that the situation is worrying and as a
result we have discussed it in the ministers council. We have con—
sulted parents, people in the teaching fraternity and so forth, and
out of concern for the whole education and concern and anxiety about
the question of the safety of children, it was decided to close
schools in the Cape Peninsula for a period until there is a calming

of the unrest situation. We are concerned that our education institu-
tions are not being used for educational purposes at the moment. We
are aware that there are persons who are exploiting the situation for
ideological aims. We are aware that at some schools pupils attend
school in the morning and they plan activities for the day so that
there are no leakages of the activities, and so school instead becomes
a place where unrest is encouraged, incited and children who are
interested in education and who want to further their education are not
given the right by others to do exactly that.

[Le Roux] Minister, tomorrow 360,000 children will be let loose on
the streets. Will it not aggravate the situation?

[Hendrickse] The problem is that it was a weighty decision, but the
question is: do you only close the senior secondary schools? As was
the experience in certain cases, those secondary students move to a
primary school and demand that the children should come out of school.
I think in this case we are aware that these children will not be at
school but we hope that they will not be on the streets.

33



words, the West manifestly
fostered such hope.

Maybe blacks, like many
Afrikaners formerly, have
been natve; but that cannot
remove the onus of know-
ing from a morally-minded

est,

Again, it must be recog-
nised that black grievances
are real, very real; but
frlevances, again as with

e Afrikaners of yester-
year, are known to boil over
most furiously when sup-

succour fs in sight.

Violence

Being different meant
being news. Having trouble
meant making news.

This time round the radi-
cal left created TV news
with a vengeance, Particu-
larly of the violent kind
that television, knowing its
market,. has pleasure in
presenting.

The violence then fed
upon the media, and fed
upon itself.

For the radicals this was
exactly the way to pull in
outside pressure.

America’s radical left
also fed upon the violence,
It seized the issue of South
African apartheid as a new
vehicle for its own pur-

poses.

In this way anticipation
grew, both in the RSA and
the West. Something would
surely be done to briny
down apartheid (and muc!
more).

Orie cannot blame South
Africa’s blacks for believ-
ing so, After all there has
been a year of loudest con-
demnation, as never before.

And some Western coun-

cso: 3400/1121

" ceeded’ in_ bringin,

tries appear to be acting
more and more at the be-
hest of our leftist radicals,

The West’s supportive
actions are now reaching a
high crescendo and South
Africa is in the pits.

But gomebody should ask
the vital question: is the
West indee goin to come
and liberate South Africa’s
blacks?

One may start the
answer by pointing out that
a media event is but a me-
dia event.

: True, this one has suc-

{ down
‘the world upon tl A as
though the roof is falling in.
‘And sadly, the spiral of vio-
lence it spawned has also
polarised us whites and

lacks to a degree we shall
Jong re.
' But after every media
occasion comes reality,
sometimes confoundin:
reality, like walking out of
a movie and finding your
car has been stolen.

Hopeful blacks and ner-
vous whites should then
‘keep in mind that the
‘course of governments is
seldom determined by me-
dia events,

They act in terms of per-
ceptions far shrewder than
those purveyed by selective
TV cameras. They look to
national interest.

Though public opinion
engendered by the media
may push them, it is diffi-
cult to shove them over the
brink — particularly when
they see only divisive poli-
tical difficulties and enor-
smous cost ahead.

One should next ask how
exactly the West would

53

‘come and liberate South Af-
rica’s blacks.

Are the British going to
land paratroops in Pitsani
(now Pitsana) in Botswana
and advance on Johannes-
burg from there?

Are the Americans going
to ring our coasts wit!
scores of warships to seal
us off from the outside
world (as a Cai le study
once found would be neces-
a West really goit

ie West real ny
to starve us all into liberal.
ism? Or actually knock us
into noble shape?

Scenarios with such pur-

e have already been
thought through in the
West. They offer only frus-
tration, and usually end up
with the Soviet Union fish-
ing in troubled waters and/
or_a Marxist government
in Pretoria.

Nerve

On the other side of the
coin one must ask: is the
‘South African Government
going, to crumble, or at
least lose its nerve and pla-
cate the West with conces-
‘sions that would herald the
beginning of the end?

Both ways the answer
must be No, because we've
been through that bit be-
fore, and a leadership that
ost its nerve would si mpl
be replaced by one wi
nerve.

For Pretoria the choice
can only be to build its
strengths, tell it like it is
and how it could be, main-
itain law and order, sit out
ithe crisis, take its lumps,
‘prepare its citizens for

tougher times, and above
all prepare ftself for a
hopeful day of chastened
sanity.

It is equally imperative
that it should move forward
on its path of reform, push
it even faster, and never
confuse reform with con-
cession (as do our ver-
kramptes).

It must also keep up the
negotiations with black

" leaders that it has already

begun.

These will have to con-
tinue in private. For by now
Pretoria is surely aware
that for the present scarce-
ly any open or reasonable
political business can be
done with credible black
leaders.

Chaos

That will only occur:
when South Africa's blacks
in general decide for them-
selves that the West (or the |
Soviet 'Union for that mat-
ter) is not coming this long -
way to liberate them.

Besides, in the current
climate in which intimida-
‘tion accompanies anticipa-
tion, few black leaders dare
be reasonable,

Western governments
therefore owe black South
Africa 4 decent answer. So
far they have just been
dra, along by the great
South African media event
and pressured by the public
‘opinion that followed in its
‘wake,

They have simply taken
the cheap and easy course
of condemning Pretoria,

What they do falls far
short of liberation, and only
brings on chaos and impov-
erishment. For Western

vernments actually to
liberate black South Africa
would require much, much
more of them; and they
know it.

They must hence start
thinking of either putting
up or shutting up, lest they

one day be seen as accom-
lices of a false anticipa-
tion. For in time the curses
could be switched.

Or is it that the West just
gives gestures and doesn’t
give a damn?



JPRS*SSA“85+091
27 September 1985

SIERRA LEONE

BRIEF

MALIAN ENVOY PRESENTS CREDENTIALS--The new ambassador of the Republic
of Mali to this country, Mr Mohamed Toure, yesterday presented his
letters of credence to President Siaka Stevens at State House in
Freetown. Receiving the ambassador, President Stevens said his
government will continue to cooperate with the Republic of Mali within
the regional economic and international organizations to which both

countries belong. [Excerpt] [Freetown Domestic Service in English
0700 GMT 29 Aug 85]

CSO: 3400/1097

19



JPRS*SSA+85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SEARCH FOR GOLD INTENSIFIED

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Aug 85 p 24

[Text]

he search for gold in South

Africa was intensified during the
past year, chiefly in the Transvaal
and Orange Free State, say the direc-
tors of Anglo American Corporation
in their review for the year ended
March 31, 1985.

“The Vibroseis survey, started last
year as an aid to establishing the main
geological structures and assessing
the depth of possible reefs, was ex-
tended to other areas. To the south

cso: 3400/1099

86

of the OFS goldfield, drilling for
further delineation of reefs continued
and returned encouraging values.
Deep drilling was accelerated in the
area south of. Vaal Reefs and. con-
tinued on a small scale for extensions
of reefs south of Western Areas.

“Initial results from the drilling
south of Simmer and Jack are in-
teresting. Other exploration in the
northern and western Transvaal has
progressed and drilling is being in-
creased in several localities. Prospect-
ing in other areas is not sufficiently
advariced to comment on the poten-
tial of the projects,’ the directors
say.

Exploration for base metals was
carried out on a reduced scale in
various parts of South Africa and
SWA. Drilling so far has failed to in-
tersect economic grades, especially at
the current depressed metal prices.

The coal exploration programme
continued as planned in several areas
of the Transvaal, Natal and the OFS
and was maintained at the tempo of
the previous five years. The group’s
reserve position was further streng-
thened by the acquisition of addi-
tional holdings through purchases
and exchanges of coal rights.


Of course, that sort of people, that class of people, in order to
ensure that they have control and hold over us, they have their steel
and arms; they have organized a police force; they have.organized
prisons; they have organized a whole network of administration as
measures to keep us as slaves so that [words indistinct].

In addition, we know very well that the whites are in the minority in
our country, and we cannot imagine white domination being effective
without organizing puppets and servants. The whole history of
colonialism, comrades, is full of examples where a minority oppressor
coopts the indigenous puppets in order to help his hold and grip over
the majority of the people. So in addition to these minority whites
in our country, they are using blacks, so that the system of oppression
to the effect that, so now you get these black police, the black
councillors, the bantustan chiefs, the homeland governments being used,
you see, to keep our people in enslavement, in subjection. So all
these people, although they are blacks, [words indistinct] active
instrument of the whole system of oppression.

Now, what we see in our country is that our people are acting against
these people who are actually, in terms of their day-to-day life, are
responsible for the implementation of the enemy's oppressive measures
of the racist regime. And they deal with them, because it is not the
question of color, it is the question of that these people to all
intents and purposes are part of the system of oppression, So, our
people and militants in our country are constrained to deal with these
people, By dealing with these people they are not [words indistinct]
with the enemy as well. They are dealing with the enemy, but it is
important for us, the vanguard of the movement, the ANC. [word
indistinct] national liberation to call upon our people; indeed it
has done so.

[Words indistinct] against the enemy must also spread to the white
areas, They must begin to deal with the ruling class, deal with the
white police, deal with the members of the army, deal with all those
who are taking part in the administration of oppression. So, what
we're saying, the struggle should be intensified to destroy all those
who are oppressing our people, black and white.

[Unidentified speaker] I'11 take this point a bit further by means of
an example, comrades, The idea of coopting people from the oppressed
community is not a new scheme; the system of minority rule and
oppressive system uses it everywhere.

In our country, racism [words indistinct] used by the enemy to divide
our people to make. them be at war with each other. It is a well~knowm
fact in our country that the mo-t oppressed and exploited people are
the African people. Even within the African people there are
gradations in treatment. The regime, at times, has toyed around

40


COST OF ANGLOVAAL'S DEEP SHAFT PROJECT REPORTED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Sep 85 p 19

[Text]

cso:

ANGLOVAAL’S an-

timony producer Con-

solidated — Murchison
expects that the deep-
ening of its Monarch
East shaft, aimed at ac-
cessing additional ore
teserves, should be
completed during
1987.

‘The scheme, whose es-
timated escalated cost is

3400/1099

put at R15,5-million by
chairman Cecil Carring-
ton in the annual report
released today, _ has
already absorbed about
R8-million.

Mr Carrington’s review
covers the 18 months to
end-June, for which Cons

81

Murch earned 166c and
paid 130c. Annvalised,

“these come to 110,7¢ and

86c respectively, com-
pared with 110c and 100c
in calendar 1983.

Over the 18 months,

JPRS“SSA=854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

however, the group spent
almost R14-million on its
mining assets, including
further exploration, with
somewhat mixed results.
Sales of antimony over
the 18 months produced
some R45,5-million
(R18,2-million in 1983),
the metal's price in US
dollars peaking in fourth
quarter 1984. Since then
it has fallen about 20 per-
cent, thanks to aggressive

_ Chinese marketing rather

than to market weakness,
says Mr Carrington. The
company, however, be-
gan the current year with
only 1 287 tons of concen-
trates in stock.

The continuation of a
comparatively high capex
rate is reinforced by the
fact that shareholders are
to be asked to raise the
group’s borrowing powers
by R4-million to R25-mil-
lion. It has no borrowings
at present, but may have
to finance some capex via
loans.

Cons Murch shares cur-
rently stand around
1 175c sellers, to yield 7,4
percent on the annualised
dividend.



"I challenge anybody to deny this. How then can one be so naive as

to suggest that there should be “some other body or person independent
of the police to whom the public could turn," or that a complainant
“cannot expect real justice when required to seek redress from the very
people he is complaining about?'

"L trust the press will now stop making any unsubstantiated allegations
as though they are facts. Any newspaper reporter and. for that matter,
any other person who is in a position to give sworn evidence as to any
misconduct or breach of duty by any policemen, must come forward with
his statement.

"Such statements can be sworn to before any commissioner of oaths and
even forwarded by post," Brig Odendaal said.

CsO: 3400/1107

58


JPRS*SSA=85409]
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION SPOKESMAN ON ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, REMEDIES

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 1 Sep 85 p 19

[Article by Harry Schwarz, MP]

({Text]

demics tell us, should be kept apart. In theory .

Pies: and economics, businessmen and aca-

this may be correct, in reality in South Africa it

is impossible.

The closing of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the :

by

e state of our foreign ex:

their cause is, however, substan!

In the perception of certain
banks and other investors South
Africa has become a country in ;
which they prefer not to invest. |

This does not mean that those
who have made the decisions ne-
cessarily disagree with the politics
of the governing party, thou;
many of them probably do.

It is rather a perception of a
society in which there has now
been unrest for months, in which
the opposing forces appear utterly
irreconcilable, in which there :
seem to be no practical and realis- °
tic plans to resolve the existing and
even greater potential conflict.

It is the perception more than
the reality which is important.

How has this perception come
about? South Africa has acquired a
high i prctile in the:news media of |
the West.

Instability

Recently in London I monitored '
news broadcasts on television; day

in and day out there was virtually «

no news bulletin on all four chan-
nels which did not contain some '

news about South Africa, and al- -

most every item left an impression
a violence, disorder and Tnstabil-
y.

guspension of foreign exchange transactions are acts caused
e reserves and liabilities —
lly political.

If there was nothing new to re-
port there was a feature pro-
‘amme, an interview or an old

lip. .
The newspapers were much the
same, not a day passed without
some item concerning South
Africa.

This high dosage of instability-
news has its impact on even a
hard-nosed banker who relies upon
his own investigations and reports.

The international banker has
many avenues for investment, and
many have burnt fingers from past
experiences. They want stability,
not necessarily democracy (they
lend, for example, to east bloc
countries).

‘They want to be sure, not only
that the interest comes in on due
date, but that the capital is safe.
They fear potential exchange con-
trols which affect repayment and

are afraid of rescheduling of debts '
because of changed economic cir- ;

cumstances.

Criteria are laid down for bor- :

rowers — each bank has its own,
but books have been published and
are used as guides.

It is not only gross national prod-

uct, trade, balance of payments
and other economic factors which

82

. remedy the

determine a country’s risk, but also”

palities which can influence stabil-

ity and so investment decisions.

In the case of corporate borrow-
ers it is not only their own financial
image which }s at issue, but the
country in which the debt arises,’
and the likely availablity of cure
rency for repayment, usually in

> dollars, Deutsehmark, Swiss
francs or ye.

South Africa has to date an out-
standing record as debtor, both in
respect of State and parastatal
borrowings, It has never failed to
make an st or capital repay-
ment on due date and has never
rescheduled its debts.

Certainly loans are rolled over,
the new loans raised to repay those
due, but that is normal internation-
al financial practice.

So why do we now have to take
this drastic action, which, of
course, only gives us a few days’
respite? Before the period ends
there must be some new plan to
lems, otherwise
the action will be in vain.

Is it that South Africa and its
banks have borrowed too much
short-term money and it is now .
being called up?

Isit that some long-term lenders
are looking at their agreements to
see if there is not some clause
which would enable them to de-
mand carly payment?

_ Is it that investors want to off-

joad shares because they fear crip-
ling strikes, or other adverse con-
itions? ’

Let us look at the investors as
opposed to the lenders. While we
had the financial rand — and inves-
tors had got used to it whether they .


JPRS*SSA#854091
27 September 1985

ZIMBABWE

REPORTER DESCRIBES NEW BREED OF FARMER IN NATION
Harare THE HERALD in English 30 Aug 85 p 10
[Article by Moeletsi Mbeki/

[Text] Independence brings its joys but it also brings a new set of anxieties.
For Zimbabwe, one of the main fears, which also turned out to be a major challenge,
revolved round the possible damage to the economy that could result from a

sudden flight of skilled workers and high level, especially managerial, manpower.

There were several answers provided at the time; some were supplied by the national
manpower survey which was undertaken by the Government soon after independence.
Some of the answers, however, came from the people themselves, from the ordinary
men and women who decided to risk everything and plunge into those occupations

that before were the exclusive preserve of the whites.

Recently, the Herald visited some of these daring individuals, the black large-
scale commercial farmers, a breed that did not exist only five years ago.

When Cde Luke Tembani moved into Minver Wag Estate Farm at Nyazura, half wey
between Rusape and Mutare, in June 1983, he found the farm practically deserted.

Abandoned.

There were two men on the farm looking after a herd of cattle but that was all.
The farm had been virtually abandoned during the war years. Its ower had
stripped down the doors, the ductwork and the electrical installations from the
tabacco barns and had taken them away. Luckily the residential buildings were
still intact wmlike Delft Farm some 40 km away, now owned by Cde Donald Mugoimba,
where the farmer's house was smashed.

Today, Minver Wag Farm is a hive of activity. Thirty-five workers and their
families live and work there on a full-time basis.

The barns have been restored and are in full working order. ‘The dam which had
developed a leak during the years of neglect has been sealed and next to the
farmer's house is a beautiful vegetable garden laden with all sorts of vegetables
largely grown for the benefit of the farm workers and irrigated from the dam.

117



Unlike the black farmers many of whom do not have the capital when they start,

many of the white farmers start with some capital as they receive bonuses which
can be as high as $10,000 per season during their time as managers. By way of

encouragement Cde Nherera pointed out that farming is very profitable in a good
season and it is one of the few fields where one can manage single-handed.

cs0: 3400/1106

120


» - One may argue that the
stock market has been firm
because it is anticipating the
benefits that. will flow to list-
ed companies from the next
upward phase of the business
cycle.

Surely, however, an aver-
age return of 4,7 percent (the
ruling mean yield on industri-
als) more than discounts even
the mast vig of ree
veries, especially when
viewed against the back-
ground of South Africa’s
chronic capital-account prob-

lems and corporate balance ©

sheets heavily eroded by:

forex losses, punitive taxes, °

sky-high interest rates and
governmental interference.
In short:

@ Shares are being bought be-
cause beneath all the chest-
thumping about how healthy
the economy actually is, lies
much uneasiness. The patient
might look healthy but the

pallid skin and bloodshot eyes '

betray an underlying malady
not recognisable at first
glance. .

@ Shares are being bought be-
cause they represent a desire-
able hyperinflationary hedge.
@ Shares should continue to
being bought because when
hyperinflation extends its
greedy tentacles into the fab-
ric of the nation, shares will
offer an antidote. Money will
not.

*29/8/1985

cso: 3400/1099

1080.9

7 Ave 3989. (40!

nn ieee

TROUATATAL znOmX

rein

from 19 Aue se04 ( ene ) to

eazan

1080.0

1000.9

27



JPRS*SSA“854091
27 September 1985

BURUNDI

TWELVE PRIESTS IMPRISONED FOR CONTRAVENING BAN
ABO092212 Paris AFP in French 0935 GMT 8 Sep 85

[Text] Paris, 8 Sep (AFP)--TIwelve Burundian Catholic priests were
arrested and imprisoned in Burundi recently, before being released,
for not abiding by government directives banning morning masses, a
French religious leader disclosed on Sunday. In his weekly Sunday
morning reports on a French peripheral radio, Father Jean-Michel di
Falco, director general of the national federation of Catholic news
and communications organizations, Christians-Media, also cited the
arrest of laymen who opposed this decision. He also emphasized that
"since February 1985, 95 missionaries have had to leave Burundi
because their visas were not renewed."

On 11 August this year, the Burundian interior minister announced the
arrests of priests following the seizure of a tract signed “In the name
of the Christians of Bujumbura," which denounced the abolition of
weekday morning masses, following the government decision. The
authorities did not specify the date or number of arrests. Some laymen
had also been arrested for having. signed the tract. According to
Father de Falco who said he received his information from a “religious
source living in Burundi," the priests were arrested "for having
celebrated mass in the morning."

Among the arrested priests, nine were working in Gitega Diocese, two
in Ruyigi, and one in Ngozi. Dioceses. However, he was not in a
position to specify the date of their arrest. These 12 priests of
whom Father de Falco says he has the names, "were released on the eve
of 15 August" because "the bishops undertook to stop morning masses,"

"Some laymen were imprisoned in the common prisons and had to pay fines
on account of their participation in these celebrations," he added.
Father de Falco also quoted the terms of a circular from the Burundian
authorities dated May 85 which forbade weekday morning masses:
"Minister must be warned against any attitude which seeks to incite
the public--by any manner whatsoever--to participate in morning mass.
Weekday. masses will only be authorized from 17 hours onwards, that is,
after normal working hours."



indistinct] Therefore, we shall concentrate our efforts to wipe out
everything [words indistinct]. They are not wiping them out on the
basis of black versus black. They are wiping them out as barriers
in order to reach into the heart of the enemy and to destroy them.
[music]

[Hani] [Words indistinct] deludes himself by confessing to the world,
as Comrade Mac has said, that it is black killing black. He knows

that this is a naked lie. Our people, they have embarked on a [words
indistinct]. While it is true that in terms of proportion, it has been
the black police, puppets, and the collaborators of [words indistinct]
who have suffered. But I want to emphasize this is a battle. Nothing
will save those who are primarily responsible for the misery of our
people from the same wrath of our people that is even now consuming

the stooges and the puppets.

But I think it would be very appropriate also to point out very, very
critically that a revolution must follow disciplined lines; that is
they must command and control; that the organization, the revolutionary
organization, must be able to plan and control the situation. and to
give proper instructions and directives of that type. It is also
important that the advanced elements in our struggle should ensure

that our struggle is not polluted by agents provocateurs, and we know
very well now that the enemy has sown everywhere his agents provocateurs
to taint our noble-struggle. They come forward waving the same
banners at times, chanting the same slogans; but the [words indistinct]
sometimes are those (as it were) sowing maximum confusion.

The enemy has always prospered on a divide-and-rule basis. This has
always been its strategy--divide the people; to divide the oppressed
and their [words indistinct] raise the fears of the Indian Community,
hoping that if they feel physically threatened they are likely to go
and join the white racists, Our people have got a glorious history
of standing and fighting together. The most outstanding factor of
our struggle are leaders like (iletu), (Kotadachu) and (totanayka)
and (Seata), and those people are held with respect and esteem by our
people,

So it is stooges (Raj Bandi), Buthelezi, and others who have got a
stake in dividing our people. Now, at this critical time in our
struggle, there is the need for a lot of sobriety. The progressives
in our community, especially in [word indistinct] are called upon to
come together to expose the reactionary elements which went to sow
divisions between the Indian and the African, and also to ensure that
the criminal element in our society. And we must be frank: This
criminal element exists; it is an unfortunate thing they themselves
are victims of such vicious society.

[Unidentified speaker] Criminal elements created by that system.

42


CATTLE DIE IN LARGE NUMBERS

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 26 Aug 85 p 3

text]

GABORONE: About 2000
cattle died in western
Kgatleng, Mahalapye and
eastern Kweneng due to plant
poisoning by Paveta Harbori
during the period April to
July this year.

The Asistant Minister of
Agriculture, Mr Geoffrey
Oteng was replying to a
question in Parliament in
response to a question from
the Member of Parliament
for Mochudi, Mr Greek Ruele
last week. :

The Assistant Minister
revealed that 400 cattle are
reported to have died in
western Kgatleng in May and
June. In Mahalapye about
twice as many cattle died. In
eastern Kweneng, about 500
cattle are reported to have
died during May and June.
Mr Oteng added that cattle’s
death in the Mahalapye
District were due to Pasturella
and Botulism.

cso: 3400/1114

Mr Oteng expressed his
worry about this plant
poisoning as it is incurable
and the animals die soon
after ingestion of the plant
from the toxic effect of the
plant.

The Assistant Minister told
Parliament that his Ministry
advices farmers to move their
cattle from the infested areas,
to free areas even though
they are aware that itis often
difficult for farmers to simply
abandon their boreholes to
move to other areas. He also
advised farmers to sell their
animals before they are
poisoned. The ministry had
been able to organise quotas
for such farmers, he said.

Responding to a question
about the price of mollasses
at Livestock Advisory Centre
(LAC) also from Mr Ruele,
Mr Oteng said that the LAC
release prices for
commodities that his ministry

JPRS*SSA*854091
27 September 1985

BOTSWANA

distributes at any point in
time, depend largely on the
offer of prices of agencies
which tendered for the supply
of the requisite during that
year. Hesaid that the situation
had now improved
considerably. Sefalana
tendered forthe commodities.

The Member of Parliament
for Okavango, Mr Joseph
Kavindama had asked the
Minister of Agriculture
weather they were aware of
people who were hired by
the Tsetse Fly Control
Department from Beetsha
who were paid lower than
the industrial labourers.

The Assistant Minister said
that these people were
engaged in the drought relief
labour programme. He
assured that was the wage
paid to people working under
that programme and not as
industrial class labourers.


[Hendrickse] Yes. And teachers fear the schools. We have, for example,
the case of a headmaster who gave us false information, this information
later being found to be false as a result of the things we saw. Then
the answer comes: If it is found out that he is informing about these
things, then his house is attacked. We have information about the
chairman of a school committee, whose ow daughter reported him to the
student council, and his home and he himself were attacked. There is
an atmosphere of violence, callousness, and a don't-care attitude
aborrer or ft going to heppen. So we want to say, these people want

to help. There are cases where they have already helped, but we want

to say they cannot do what they would like to do, due to the fear of
attacks, such as we had over this past week, these people who are in
parliament.

[Le Roux] Reverend, a last question. Now that the schools have been
closed, what are you going to offer the colored students in order to
calm the situation?

{Hendri e] Well, I think our first call is to the parents. We
believe that parental control has to be exercised. Second, we call on
the teachers, that after this they should be willing to give more time
to the students, and especially those who want to write the examina-
tions, to encourage them. We want to create a situation--and we will
do it--within the community where there will again be peace.

C80: 3400/L1u7

36


Chinese experts would be required in the manufacturing sector, such as the
establishment of bicycle and ceramics industries, Cde Mugabe said.

Cde Mugabe said businessmen, Government officials and even ministers had been
biased against trading with the socialist world and this would be heavily dis-
couraged during the implementation of the five-year plan.

"Our old markets were never our friends," he said.

“We must promote more trade with our friends than with those people who take us
merely as business partners and make profits from our raw materials."

The Prime Minister met Cde Kim Il Sung, the Korean leader, for two hours on
Thursday and saw him again yesterday. The two spoke about Southern Africa,
Zimbabwe and international issues.

cso: 3400/1106

116


JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

LIBERIA

BRIEFS

DPRK AMBASSADOR PRESENTS CREDENTIALS--The ambassador of the Democratic.
People's Republic of Korea accredited to Liberia, Mr Kim Myon-nye,
today presented his letters of credence to the head of state and
president of the Interim National Assembly, commander in chief, Dr
Samuel Kanyon Doe, at the Executive Mansion in Monrovia. Ambassador
Kim, who is residing in Freetown, Sierra Leone, replaces Ambassador
Kim Pyong-ki, who has been recalled for reassignment by his government.
[Excerpt] [Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 2000 GMT 30 Aug 85]

NEW AMBASSADOR TO UN--Acting Foreign Minister Christopher Minikon,
has commissioned Mr (Sylvester 0. Jallah), Liberia's ambassador to
the United Nations, on behalf of the head of state, CIC [commander
in chief] Dr Samuel Kanyon Doe. [Excerpt] [Monrovia Radio ELWA
in English 0655 GMT 5 Sep 85]

cso: 3400/1098

15



JPRS“SSA~85409]
27 September 1 985

LIBERTA

CONSTITUTION'S PROVISION FOR LEGAL PARTIES DISCUSSED

Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 26 Aug v7

[Article by Miata BE, Sherman7

Frext7

It is often parroted in cer-
cain quarters around the coun-
try that if all the political
parties are not. certificated
and registered there can be
no true democracy in this coun-
try.

Others insist that anything
short of allowing all those
who are desirous of creating
political parties from so do-
ing, would deprive the majority
of our citizens from full par-
ticipation in the ensuing elec-
tions.

A few even emotionally assert
that such acts are tantamount
to disenfranchising a substan-
tial number of voters.

In my view, nothing
be further from the
While our recently approved
Constitution provides for a
multi-party system of govern-
ment, it does not follow and

could
truth.

cannot be interpreted to mean

that this provision can only
be adhered to by the creation
of ten or more political par-
ties. No such requirement is
stated or can be implied.

Webster dictionary gives sev-
eral definitions of multi among
which are "Three or more ob-
jects {sometimes more than
one)".

10

Hence, I do not agree with
the detractors and cynics that
it is a mockery of the multi-
party system to have only two
Parties in existence at the
present time.

The existence of these two
parties and with the possibili-
ty of others coming into exis-
tence legitimizes and gives
credit to the present process.

MOLESTATION

Furthermore, the constitu-
tional provision for a multi-
party system of government does
not mandate or imply that there
should be no rules or -proce-
dures for the creation of these
parties.

Neither does it negate nor
relegate other basic, primary
and extremely important duties
of all governments to assure
that peace, stability and unity
prevail among all segments of
its people throughout this ter-
ritory.

How can unity be promoted
in a small country such as ours
with only a population of a
little over two million people
by the establishment of an ex-
cessive number of political
parties?



Acid Rain Research Efforts Noted
(ENIGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)..

weeeeeecntereeesesees 96

Inconsistency of Pollution Controls Charged
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85).

aeceeeeeecees 97

TDS Increase Impacts on Economy

(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85). seseeeeeeee 98

PE Readies First Light Rail Transport System

(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)....-+++- seeeeeee 100

Trains To Double Export Capacity

(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)... sececeeeee LOL

Interest in Canadian Markets Promoted
(ENGINEERING WEEK, 29 Aug 85)...

Briefs
Home Loans Granted 103
Koedofspoort Microchip Plant 103
Electrical Sub-Stations 103
New HF Antenna 104
Midland Cyanide II Project 104
Wits Engineering 104
Boycott Prevention 105
Free-Trade CBD Planned 105
Sulzer-Gold Fields Contract 105
Duvha Breaks Record 105
Soul Searching for Afrikaner Christians 106
Rail Link to Maputo 106
TANZANIA
Mwinyi's Background Outlined
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 23 Aug >) eos 107
Industrial Dispute With Alitalia
(THE WEEKLY REVIEW, 23 Aug [> ne a 109
TOGO
Briefs
PRC Ambassador Presents Credentials 111
Yugoslav Ambassador Bids Farewell 111
ZAIRE
Briefs
Maneuvers in Moba Zone 112
Japanese Government Donation 112



JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

According to Duvha MD John Turner, the mine worked three shifts a day for 24
working days to extract 1 026 756 t of coal in July. This is the second South
African record that the mine has established in consecutive months. In June
it delivered more than 1-million t of coal to Escom's 3 600 MW Duvha power
station-~beating its previous record of 938 884 t deliveréd in August, 1984.
One of the largest opencast coal mines in the country, with pits stretching
for 12 km, Duvha plays a major role in the supply of power to South Africa
and is the first of three Escom-tied coal mines in the Rand Mines Group. The
others are: --Khutala, an underground mine currently being developed near
Ogies to supply the new Kendal power station at a rate of 12,3-million t a
year by 1993. In addition, an export mine will be established, and ~-Majuba,
also an underground mine, which will be developed south of Amersfoort. Duvha
is a-highly mechanised operation--using three large walking draglines--each
with a replacement cost of some R40-million--to strip the overburder above the
coal seams. [Text] [Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 10]

SOUL SEARCHING FOR AFRIKANER CHRISTIANS-~Pietermaritzburg--Never before in
South Africa's history had Afrikaner Christians done as much soul-searching,
Professor David Bosch, Dean of Unisa's Theology Faculty said yesterday.
Addressing the National Initiative for Reconciliation, Prof Bosch said the
Gospel challenged Christians to give up their privileges and to "leave self
behind". "Only if we truly leave (self) behind, shall we be free to live in
a country in which we no longer have any say...even if a future South Africa
turns out to be one ruled by a corrupt and oppressive Marxist regime and we
have to give up those things to which we have clung for dear life." (Text]
[Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Sep 85 p 4]

RAIL LINK TO MAPUTO--The 56 km northern link railway line, which forms part
of the line from South Africa to the Maputo harbour via Swaziland, is nearing
completion. Mr Andre Harrison, project engineer, told a conference in Swazi-
land this week that the line should be in operation by January. Railway of-
ficials from Zaire, Malawi, South Africa, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe and Swaziland attended the one day Interrail executive conference.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 12 Sep 85 p 17]

cso: 3400/1120

106


JPRS*SSA~854091

27 September 1985

FARMERS STRETCH CREDIT TO PLANT CRITICAL CROPS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Aug 85 p 4

[article by Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

cso:

MAIZE farmers are preparing for -

their Ri,7bn gamble with the wea-

er.

This, according to the National Maize
Producers’ Organisation (Nampo), is
what it will cost to plant and cultivate
the 1985/86 crop which is expected to
cover 3,5-million ha.

, For many the coming season will be
make or break. .

Hammered by three consecutive
yes of severe drought and rocketing
input costs, many will stretch their cred-
it to the limit to plant the new crop.

Much of the estimated R1,7bn_ will
come from the Land Bank, via the co-
operatives, but substantial amounts will
also come from commercial banks.

Farmers’ financial plight was greatly
aggravated by the refusal of govern-
ment to grant a maize price increase for
last season’s 7-million-ton crop.

This, farmers claim, deprived them of

3400/1099

65

at least R100m.

Land Bank sources said facilities
were made available by the bank to co-
ops in April-May of each year, including

rovision for funds to pay farmers for

fhe current crop and for production
loans for the new season.

In 1984 the co-ops drew about R879m
from the bank to pay farmers for the
1983-84 harvest.

Production loan facilities were “elas-
tic” and related to what the co-ops as-
sessed as farmers needs, it was s' ated.

Co-ops, according to a Land Bank offi-
cial, sometimes paid interest at a rate
Jower than the prime rate.

‘The banks’ rate to co-ops now, howev-
er. co-incided with the current 21%

rime.
Farmers paid slightly more to com-
pensate co-ops for administrative costs.

SOUTH AFRICA



EASTERN CAPE CONSUMER BOYCOTT TAKES 'HEAVY TOLL'

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 1 Sep 85 p 5

[Article by Amrit Manga]

[Text]

THE consumer boycott
in the Eastern Cape is
entering its seventh
week and showing no
signs of easing its grip
on white retailers.

An executive of a large re-
tail organisation describes

Uitenhage and East London
have not been spared, sales
falling by 30% to 40%.
“We have not yet felt the
boycott in the Pretorid-Jo-
hannesburg area. But our
Western ape outlets are
feeling the effects as boycott
spread their net to
inc jude all black communi-
es.”

East Rand ©

Trade-union
among its members indicate
a drop in business of between
40% to 60% on the East Rand,

a Federation of SA Trade ,

Unions (Fosatu) stronghold.

Rae

but disptite the union's fig-”:
ures. ;
Areas with many bargain’
stores have been worst af-
fected. The Eastern Cape;
Traders Association cect
representing about 100 retail- :
ers in Korsten, Port Eliza- ‘

beth, reports a 95% drop in:

turnover.

The ECTA says: “Custom-
er profile in the discount :
shopping areas has tradition-
ally almost 100% black,
making it the most vulner-
able of all areas. :

“Many of us are on the
brink of insolvency. :

“Wholesalers are sitting in‘

; the pound seats. Spending

surveys ;

Retailers refuse to quanti-'

fy the impact of the boycott,

cso: 3400/1099

; normally channelled into

low-price supermarkets has
been redirected to the whole-
sale trade supplying black
retailers.”

Price cuts

The ECTA says price cuts
to lure consumers back mean
disaster, “Furniture stores
have offered huge discounts,
but have failed to break the

Pick ’n Pay’s Hugh Her-

mah says there is no telling
how long the boycott can be

20

* gustained, but says it has
maintained its momentum in
the Eastern Cape.

He will not quantify the
impact of the poyeott on
white retailers,

- ‘Tony Gilso
the Port Elizabeth Chamber
clty

however,

signs of a return to
stores.
“Consumers are,

not taking immediate delly:

ery of goods. The return is
, not significant and is not an
‘indication that the boycott is
» at its end, :

‘Weapon

JPRS*SSA+85+091

27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

a osal to extract a com-.
mitment from retailers suj

porting political demai
ambers of commerce in
several areas have indicated

, Support for some of the de-
chairman of : mands.

One white retailer in North
by black customers “becat

, he has made a stand”, says.

the source.

Ruled out

Boycotters are demanding

; the release of black leaders,

to which the covernmee
unlikely to agree. So the boy-
cott could continue for longer

: than plat

“There has to be a thresh- —

old beyond which consumers
will not.be able to continue
their boycott.”

Labour consultant Andrew

they can be employed with
equal impact for a long time.”
. Some organisers agree,
and say they have no plans to
enforce an indefinite boycott.
" According to one source, boy-
cott organisers are debating

‘The ECTA says: “The new.
demand effectively rules out
the possibility of an end to
the, boy ‘on September

Union-inspired boycotts
are seen as only the in-
ning of industrial action re-
lated to labour disputes.

Alec Erwin, nat il edu-
cation secretary of the Fed-
eration of SA Trade Unions,
says that if boycotts fail to:
achieve their objectives,
workers will resort to stron-
ger action. i


JPRS*SSA*854091

27 September 1985

LIBERTA

CONSTITUTIONAL BEARING ON ELECTIONS DISCUSSED

Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 26 Aug 85 pp 6, 10

[Brticle by 0, William Allen7

Lrext]

It is not uncommon to hear
people say these days, “well,
the Constitution does not come
into force until January, 1986
so there is no need to abide
by what it says until that
date..." This statement is true
to some extent but it does not
mean that we should promulgate
rules now or introduce regula-
tions which we know go contrary
to the Approved Revised Draft
Constitution.

The point here is that the
document mentioned above has
gone through several stages
which cumulated in a national
referendum at which time an
overwhelming majority of the
registered voters in Liberia
accepted the Constitution to
be the Supreme Law of the land.
Thus eventhough it is true that
it will not come into force
until January 1986, our actions
now should be synchronized with
the clauses in this document
so as to avoid some of our ac-
tions being decleared unconsti-
tutional (or in conflict with
the Constitution) when it does
come into force.

OF JUNIOR & SENIOR SENATORS

It is quite alarming to hear
repeatedly on the news that
certain political aspirants
have been nominated as Junior
and Senior Senators respective-
ly! Eventhough the Chairman
of The Special Elections Com-
mission (SECOM) has gone. on
record and said that this prac-
tise should be discouraged,
his plea seem to ‘have fallen
on deaf ears and the same thing
is repeated from County Conven-
tion to County Convention.

Chapter V, Article 46 of the
Approved Revised Draft Consti-
tution on page 21 reads, "Imme-
diately after the Senate shall
have assembled following the
elections prior to the coming
into force of this Constitu-
tion, the Senators shall be
divided into two categories
as a result of the votes cast
in each county. The Senator
of the first category (senior
senator) and the Senator with
the higher votes cast shall
be the Senator with the lower
votes cast shall be Senator


‘) 4) gppsassa~85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MANUFACTURING IDLE CAPACITY INCREASES
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Aug 85 p 4
[Arti¢le by John Tilston]

[Text]

MANUFACTURERS’ idle capacity Is buildin, INERY
up in the face of the dramatic fall in demand, IOLe MACH
‘According to Central Statistical Services fig-
ures, total under-utilisation in the sector in May 16)
was 15,8%, almost 20% higher than May 1984. _
The current situation must be even worse 16.1%
because most analysts concur the general level 16) r
of demand in the economy has slumped even
further in the past two months. 14
‘A number of industries have been particular- W
ly severely hit by the cutback in spending and / 13,
these are reflected in the capacity-use figures. 131.
The motor vehicles, parts an accessories "4
sector was operating at only 75% capacity in 1 12,4%

16,8%,

May, and even this was slightly better than the
meagre 73,1% recorded in February.

The May 1985 utilisation figure fell to 75%
from 85,2% in May 1984.

Transport equipment was also particularly
badly affected operating at only 78,6% capa-
city.

Others to suffer include: beverages, which
relies on the black market for 70% of sales:
spare capacity at 18,3%; rubber products 19,27;
plastic products 19,1%; non-metallic mineral
products (excluding glass) 22,3%; metal pro-
ducts excluding machinery 19,5%; machinery
and equipment 21,1% and electrical machinery

5%.

The good news is sparce. No industry is oper-
ating at even close to full capacity.

cso: 3400/1099

25



FLUIDEX OIL PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY DESCRIBED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 29

[Text]

cso:

The purification of trans-
former and switchgear oils
is well known to the elec-
trical industry.

Less well known how-
ever is that general indus-
tries can similarly purify the
even larger quantities of hy-
draulic, lubricating, tur-
bine, quenching, cutting and
other oils they employ.

Ed Povazan, managing
director of Fluidex of Ed-
envale, said South African
technology for purifying oils
is more advanced than an-
ywhere else in the world.

He says his company of-
fers the largest selection of
oil purifying equipment
world-wide; at half the cost
of the equivalent US equip-
ment — and this would hold
true even if the SA equip-
ment was manufactured in
the USA.

Oil purification can result
in dramatic savings to in-
dustrialists, he said.

The removal ‘of solids,
water, light hydrocarbons,
sludge and acidity on a reg-
ular basis leaves oil fice from
harmful contaminants and
extends its life by five to 10
times and, in many cases,
indefinitely.

It also reduces the rate of
equipment breakdowns,
80% of which are caused by

3400/1099

contaminated oil.

Examples he gave are:
©@ At Iscor’s Mander
park works, the main bear-
ings on the steel pressing

lers were being replaced
every four to six weeks, at
a cost of R20 000 for new
bearings and R40 000 for
loss of production.

After installation of a fil-

tration system, no bearing
failure was experienced for
nine months, he said.
@ MCG Plastics was
spending R12 000 a month
replacing contaminated oil
used on its plastics moulding
machinery.

The installation of a pu-
tification system has made
further oil replacement un-
necessary, giving a one
month payback period for
the equipment.

@ An R80 000 system was
installed on the grushers at
Rustenberg Platinum,

the price for bearing-type
spares on the plant

from R330 000 to R45 000

a year.
‘The original heat-vacuum

94

JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

process for purifying. oil was
developed in the USA 25
years ago.

Povazan has, however,
advanced the technology so
that while the Americans use
two or three pumps, he uses
‘only one. While the Amer-
icans employ sophisticated
level control equipment, he
simply uses a positive level
control system.

In addition, he employs a
fine fibreglass filtration sys-
tem with numerous sharp
Points which shear the oil-
water emulsion found in
dirty oils. In the case of the
lighter oils, this allows sep-
aration to take place without
heat treatment.

The machines are vir-
tually maintenance free, and
incorporate self-diagnosic
equipment. When any ac-
tion — like changing the fil-
ter or cleaning the strainer
— is necessary, the equip-
ment shuts down automati-
cally and a burning light
indicates what has to be
done.

Povazan says the (purifi-
cation of heavy oils i iss such
@ new concept that
doing considerable ened
ing work to find new
applications for the process.


JPRS«SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

DEVELOPMENT OF ZULULAND ANTHRACITE MINE PROGRESSES

Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Aug 85 p 87

(Text] Work on the development of vegetated. Right from the mine plan-
Trans Natal’s new anthracite ning stage, Trans Natal has made
mine, Zululand Anthracite sure that mining will in no way affect _
. . . the environmentally sensitive area.
Is _ progressing according to Comprehensive measures have been
schedule. The mine in Kwa- introduced to act as a safeguard
Zulu will produce anthracite as against pollution. Mine management
from October this year. The and the Cabinet of KwaZulu and the
property’s planned economic Natal Parks Board have, from the
life is 22 years. This period is outset, worked in close consultation
.. * llowi in order to eliminate all practices
likely to be extended following which might be to the detriment of
on further exploration work. the environment. .

t full production the total sales Zululand Anthracite is a Stone's
tonnage will be 850 000 t/a of row away from the Uinfolozi Game
which 700 000 t will be exported via Ulundi ene Teaened’ via
Richards Bay. The remaining ton- undl.
nage will be sold on the local market. The Zululand Anthracite team is
The export coal will be an 8 % ash led by mine manager Ben Barnard.
product, destined for European At first, mine personnel were hous-
household consumption. The pro- ed in caravans, but more permanent
ducts will be despatched by means of living quarters in the form of prefabs,
road transport to a new rail siding at have now been provided. Supplies are
Ngolothi, some 28 km distant from brought in from Ulundi, approxi-
the mine. mately 50 km distant.
Discards will be compacted and The mine falls within the consti-
— tuency of the Chief Minister of
KwaZulu, Chief Gatsha Buthelezi.
Workers at the mine will commute
daily between the mine and their
homes on a five day per week basis.
A training programme for employees
is being implemented.
cso: 3400/1099

87



of the second category (Junior
Senator); provided that no two
Senators from a county shall
be placed in the same category.
The seats of Senators of the
first category shall be vacated
at the expiration of the ninth
year. In the interest of legis-
lative continuity, the Senators
of the second category (Junior
Senator) shall serve a first
term of six years only, after
the first elections. There-
after, all Senators shall be
elected to serve a term of nine
years."

The key point here is ‘in
the interest of legislative
continuity'. The men-and women
who reviewed the constitution
in Gbarnga were aware that if
every senator served nine years
during the first term, at the
end of nine years, chances are
that the Senate will be compri-
sed of brand new men and women
who will not have a total ap-
preciation for the activities
of their predecessors. Also,
as the presidential term of
office of six years, this sys-
tem would also help to alter-
nate the election years for
president and members of the
legislature.

Originally, the Draft Consti-
tution produced by the Consti-
tution Commission prior to the
convening of the Advisory As-
sembly in Gbarnga had it that
during the first session of
the National Legislature, Sena-
tors will draw lots and through
this determination will be made
as to who will be the senior
or junior senator. Thus this
sense of awareness to separate
the senators into two distinct
categories is something that
is suppose to be common know-
ledge by now for anyone who
has read and understood his
Constitution.

OF SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

Another misleading statement
I often hear is that the Con-
stitution says that, "No party
with socialist ideology or per
sons who are socialists will
be allowed to run for political
office..."

The word Socialism is not
mentioned anywhere in the Con-
stitution; neither is the word
Capitalism. In short, the Con-
stitution does not mention any
political or economic system
by name from page one through
forty six. What the Constitu-
tion does say in Chapter 8,
Article 80A is, "Parties or
organizations: which, by reason
of their aims or the behaviour
of their adherents, seek to
impair or abolish the free de-
mocratic society of Liberia
or to endanger the existence
of the Republic shall be denied
registration."

This part of the Constitution
is certainly one of those areas
that are open to interpreta-
tion. The Constitution itself
is by no means self explanatory
especially considering our low
level of literacy. Credit must
be given here too for the ef-
fort made at publishing a sim-
plified version of the Consti-
tution for people with lower
educational level to read.
It would be presumptious of
me to suggest here that I could
(in such limited time and
space) say precisely what the
men and women who gathered in
Gbarnga intended to _ convey.
However, what we do know for
sure is what we are told in
Chapter I, Article 3: "Liberia
is a unitary sovereign state
divided into counties for admi-
nistrative purposes. The form
of government is Republican



CSO:

In the Republic, Umetco Minerals
(a subsidiary of Union Carbide) and
Transvaal Alloys each operate mines
that produce vanadium pentoxide
solely, while Highveld produces
vanadium slag and its Vantra Divi-
sion directly treats concentrates for
the production of pentoxide.

Adds Shearson: ‘East Rand Con-
solidated intends to develop a new
vanadium mine at Kennedys Vale ex-
tracting as much as 3 000 t/a of pen-
toxide from titaniferous magnetite.
This operation is targeted to come
on-stream within two years.””

Total South African production of
pentoxide and slag peaked in 1981 at
an aggregate 12 800 t vanadium con-
tent, falling sharply to 8 200 in 1983
out of a total capacity of 14 000 t.
1984 saw a recovery to an estimated
10 000 t which is expected to increase
this year.

Vanadium consumption, notes the
Shearson Survey, expanded sharply
in the United States last year reaching
4012 t, an increase of almost 42 %
over the very depressed 1983 level.
The majority of this increase came
from substantially greater vanadium
consumption in HSLA steels which
between 1983—84 expanded by
68 %. These steels are also specified
for oil and gas pipelines, especially
those laid in arctic conditions.

The major factor behind the big-

3400/1099

93

ger demand for HSLA steels was the
17 % rise in motor vehicle produc-
tion. Consumption in titanium alloys
and in catalysts for producing sul-
phuric acid and other chemicals also
improved considerably.

The addition of small quantities of
vanadium significantly increases the
strength of ordinary carbon steel as
well as its toughness and ductility.
Small amounts (less than 0,2 %) add-
ed to structural steel improves load-
bearing characteristics and results in
weigh-saving because less steel is
needed.

The automotive industry has for
‘many years used vanadium alloy
steels for frame bolts and springs and
the development of dual-phase steels
and other types of HSLA steels has
led to the increased use of vanadium
in larger automotive components
such as door panels.

Vanadium added to some cast
irons increases wear resistance by
preventing graphitisation, while steel
castings containing vanadium also
display substantial shock and wear
resistance and are used in crank
shafts and heavy duty gears. The
strength and workability of titanium
alloys is also improved by the addi-
tion of vanadium. Alloys containing
around 4 % vanadium are widely
used in undercarriages, wing struc-
tures and aircraft engines.



JPRS*SSA+85~091
27 September 1985

economy, says CF
Schutte, senior advisor to
the Water Research Com-
mission.
Schutte says the prob-
lem is due to indirect re-
use of water, which affects
the PWV region particu-
“arly, and to return flows
from industry, mines and
irrigation.
‘The worst affected areas
are the Vaal downstream
from the Vaal Dam, the Buffalo
downstream from Kingwilliams-
town, the Umgeni, Umbilo and Um-
laas in Natal, the Berg, Diep and
Breede in the south-western Cape,
the Fish and Sundays in the eastern
Cape, and the rivers around Wit-
bank, Middelburg and Kinross.
Amongst the effects of these in-
creasing TDS concentrations are scale
formation and corrosion of pipe-
lines.
Higher TDS concentrations also
require that larger quantities of salts
must be removed in the preparation
of boiler feed water, in turn neces-
sitating larger desalination capaci-
ties.

In industrial cooling, which con-
stitutes the largest industrial use of
water, larger total water volumes are
required when TDS concentrations
increase.

98

SOUTH AFRICA
1

TDS INCREASE IMPACTS ON ECONOMY

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 24

[Text]
Increasing concentrations
of total dissolved solids Desalination
(TDS) in South African Tokeep TDS concentrations within
waters is a cause of con- acceptable limits, fewer cooling
cer because of the nega- cycles are possible and larger quan-
tive impact this has on the tities of water must be blown down.

Schutte says consideration must
be given to arresting TDS levels in
areas where undue increases have
occured or can be expected, or even
reversing the trend.

This could be achieved by desal-
ination of effluent streams, by di-
lution with additional fresh water,
and the provision of salt sinks, he
said.

The very low TDS concentrations
needed for high pressure boiler feed
water and for special applications in
the electronics and other industries
has traditionally been supplied by the
ion exchange process.

This involves a two-bed system to
replace cations in the water with hy-
drogen ions and anions with hy-
droxyl ions.

Increasing TDS concentrations and
the fact that very high TDS peaks
have occured in some water supplies
are however making other processes
more economically attractive, he
says, .

‘The cost of the ion exchange proc-
ess is directly related to TDS levels,
and there is thus a trend to the use
of reverse osmosis or electrodialysis
as a first step to remove the bulk of
the TDS, followed by ion exchange
to produce the very pure water re-
quired for these special applications.

Reverse osmosis involves forcing
pure water through a semi-permea-


However, the Zimbabwe Government has rejected the Spanish proposal and
offered guarantees that those responsible for the death of the Spanish repre-
sentative would soon be discovered. Blanco Briones was a person highly es-
teemed among the Black people of Harare, with whom he maintained frequent
contact, and in addition, he was known to be a personal friend of the Black
pacifist leader and now president, Robert Mugabe.

Nevertheless, despite the good will of authorities in Zimbabwe, 20 days after
the brutal assassination, little progress has been made by the investigation.
Police have discarded the possibility that his death might be related to
homosexuals and have verified that the body of the ambassador was not beaten
with his golf clubs, as was originally claimed but rather, with a heavy object
that could not be determined. It was described in the report as a club and
few other details were given.

Persons who have closely followed investigations in Madrid and Harare believe
that the lack of clues was what led to the long and unjustified detention of
the two technicians from Aeronautical Construction, Inc. (CASA), Pedro Mateu
and Jesus Martinez, the two employees of the Spanish firm involved in the
building and maintenance of airplanes who were the last persons to have seen
the ambassador alive.

"My brother was a very open person and he had friends in many circles," Elena
Blanco Briones told CAMBIO 16. "He was a great athlete, very courageous and
I think it would be very strange for someone to confront him face to face.
His killers must have taken him from behind."

11,464
CSO: 3448/6

114


3500 K

fo cope with than developed

nations.

Despite the recession,
Escom’s 5-percent expected
growth this year is still much
higher than that of, say, the UK
where consumption rose last
year by only 1,8 percent over

« the previous year.

Escoin sells 60 percent of all
electricity in Africa and more
than 90 percent of all electrici-

ty in southern Africa.

. .3250
v
3
4 3000
z Escom’s sales to the indus-
= trial sector.
=
s 2750
€
4 * ,
2 2500 fa 5
3 rin f
3 ~ 4 ’
2 wow ba
=S al v *
ry 2250 x on
3 seh mw What Escom’s industrial sales
2 LAN / a er A would have been without the ex-
# AON PD S port-boosted ferre-alloys indus-
2 000 ¢ he, ‘I jes. ;
=
os

1750

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

How export-led industries boosted Escom sales, The ferro-alloys group — the most dramatically affected

by the boom in Escom’s industrial sales s
Western economies in early 1983. The grap!

mid-1985.

cso: 3400/1099

61

ector — has demanded

more electricity since the recovery of major
h shows the dramatic soles increase from the first quarter of 1983 to


TOTAL RETAIL SALES
AS AT JUNE 1985
R/m AT CURRENT PRICES R/m AT CONSTANT 1980 PRICES
2.6007 1.600-=memy
2.400 1600.
2.200.
2.000: 1 400:
1800: 1300.
1600+
1 200.
1.400 1
1200 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1 100: 1981 1962 1983 1984 1985
Source:CSS

iticreases for the past two years to June
1985 have been contained below 12%,
quite inadequate to counterbalance the
massive increases in costs brought
about by the shock price rises in petrol-
eum products, high interest rates with
consequent pressure on housing costs,
and the almost uninterrupted upw:
momentum of the consumer price in-
dex over 16 months to 164%. 1

iscounting present political pres-
sures, the cr was expected to decline
into 1986

cso: 3400/1099

67



CSO:

3400/1108

Hence, we should allow the
needs for peace, stability,
Progress and unity at all times
to supercede our personal whims
and ambitions during this poli-
tical process towards civilian
rule.

The fact that numerous par-
ties are not yet in existence
or may not survive do not make
us less democratic or progres-
sive - the essence of democracy
cannot only be found in exis-
tence of multi-parties.

Therefore, we should not al-
low others to make us less
proud and appreciative of all
the momentous, inspiring and
historical events now taking
place around us.

We must remain committed to
the dreams of democracy as it
is applicable now to our parti-
cular national setting and
other circumstances while set-
ting even higher goals for the
Second Republic.

12


NEW LIQUID FILTRATION SEPARATOR INVENTED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 29

{Text}

cso:

Two South Africans have
invented what they claim
is a revolutionary new sep-
arator for liquid filtration,
which is said to be way
ahead of any other in the
world.

“‘It’s incredibly simple,
but it is probably the big-
gest development in filtra-
tion in years,”’ say Richard
Batson and Peter Chapman

of Benoni-based Water :

Renovation.

They say their recently-
patented floating media
separator acts as a floc-
culator, settler and filter in
one, and can separate vir-
tually any suspended sol-
ids from liquids.

The only proviso is that
the solids are of a ‘density
greater than that of the car-
rier liquid.

Batson and Chapman say
their invention solves all
problems associated with
previous state-of-the-art
technology for separating
wen fine particles from

Prioasly this had to be
achieved through the use
of a settler tank, followed
by a series of sand filters.

The floating media sep-
arator eliminates these
Processes, and overcomes
traditional problems caused
by the slow-settling veloc-
ities of particles, by their
tendency to block filters,

3400/1099

by the large volumes of
water normally required
for jing and by the
instability of sludge blan-
ket clarifiers under various
flow conditions.

The filtration media
consists of fine particles
with a density less than that
of the liquid. The particles
float to the surface of the
separator tank, where they
are retained by a fine mesh
or other means.

.When liquid to be fil-
tered is introduced into the
separator, heavy and large
particles drop directly to
the bottom.

Smaller particles are
carried upwards by the ve-
Jocity of the water to make
contact with the base of the
floating media where they

form a layer of collected’
particles, which acts as a
pre-coat filter, giving ex-
tremely fine filtration.
Batson says the separa-
tor has been tested on lime-
softening sludges, heavy
metal ‘hydroxides, river
sediments and coal fines,
amongst other impurities,
giving perfectly clear, fil-
tered water in all cases.
He says even carbon
black, which is consider-
ably finer than coal fines
and which would block any
normal filter, is effectively
removed by the separator.
‘The device requires very
little maintenance, he adds.
‘The particle layer which
accumulates beneath the
media drops to the bottom
of the separator when the

95

JPRS*SSA+85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

throughflow is stopped, al-
lowing its removal through
a sludge outlet.

A media washing sys-
tem can’ be employed to
agitate the media and re-
lease particles adsorbed on
the media surface with
minimal use.of backwash
water.

Batson and Chapman
have tested the system with
tank diamters from
200 mmto3 500 mm, and
with flow rates from 120 1/
h to 40 m*/h.

The size of the units is
limited only by transport
criteria, making multiple
units in some cases more
economical than ultra-large
units.

The system is already in
commercial use at Distill-
ers Corporation, where it
will reclaim virtually all
the water used at the plant,
Batson says.



JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SIERRA LEONE

PETROL DEALERS RECEIVE STERN WARNING
Freetown WE YONE in English 14 Aug 85 p 6

[Bext7 Petrol dealers were yesterday given a stern warning by the Minister of
Trade and Industry, Mr. S. B. Kawusu Konteh, against unscrupulous practise which
have resulted in artificial scarcity being experienced by a many motorists.

At a meeting with the dealers in Freetown last evening, the Minister disclosed
that teams of police personnel and official from his ministry have been attached
to various petrol stations, to ensure that fuel is sold to all and sundry without
discrimination.

Private vehicle owners he said, should be able to buy at least four gallons of
petrol every day, while taxis and poda-podas must be able to buy up to six
gallons a day.

In order to ensure that the fuel gets to the motorist, sales into containers
will not be allowed, except in the case of kerosene, the control price of
which is four leones per gallon.

Over the past two weeks, unscrupulous retailers have sold kerosene at three
leones a pint, which out at twelve leones a gallon.

The Minister totally condemned the unnecessary stock~piling petroleum product
with view to creating artificial scarcity so as to escalate prices, which has
‘been causing long queues and traffic jams in the city.

He criticised those dealers who sell petrol at night and said that from now on,
petrol sales should take place during the day, from 6:00 A.M. to 8:00 P.M.

He stressed that the official price is eight leones per gallon and warned that
any dealer caught selling at inflated prices will have his dealer's licence
seized immediately.

Mr. Kawusu-Konteh said it had come to the notice of the Ministry that some

dealers remove electric fuses installed at their stations so as to deceive the
public when they do not want to sell.

17



JPRS“$54485409)
7 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

RADIO TRUTH CITES VENDA RADIO TRANSMISSIONS

MB081240 (Clandestine) Radio Truth in English to Zimbabwe 0430 GMT
8 Sep 85

[Text] In an earlier program we dealt with the ZANU-PF decision to set
up a new transmitter at Beitbridge, ostensibly to beam propaganda in
Venda across the border into South Africa. The minister suggested

that this project was designed to counter Radio Truth, although how
the two are related is most obscure.

We believe that there is a very different motive for transmitting
broadcasts to the South African homeland. According to the Venda
authorities, they are extremely concerned at the number of illegal
fugitives from Zimbabwe seeking refuge in their territory. The refugees
are said to be crossing the border in search of food and to obtain
sanctuary from the constant harrasment by ZANU-PF forces deployed in
Matebeleland.

Clearly therefore, the proposed Beitbridge transmitter has nothing to
do with Radio Truth. It is being set up to broadcast programs and
appeals to Zimbabwe's own citizens, who have sought peace and succor
among the Venda people. Our minister of information will not have the
honesty to admit the fact. It would undermine the claim that life
across the border is intolerable. No ZANU-PF minister would concede
that any Zimbabwean could possibly prefer to live down south rather
than in an imposed Marxist 1-party state.

The same. thing is happening in Mozambique. Thousands of their citizens
have braved all sorts of dangers to seek refuge in South Africa.
Frelimo are also loath to admit the extent of this exodus and for the
same reasons. An acceptance of this state of affairs would saborage
their attempts to isolate South Africa through the OAU and the United
States.

cso: 3400/1107

46


JPRS*SSA*854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

MINE SEISMOLOGY USE OF COMPUTERS EXAMINED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 12

[Text]

‘Computer application in mine seismology is lag-
ging behind developments in oil exploration and
earthquake studies.

So says Dr Steve Spottiswoode, group seis-
mologist and technical sercices advisor for Rand
Mines.

He explained that, in the area of mine seis-
mology, work would be virtually impossible
without the use of computers.

Computer programs are used for planning re-
duced levels of potential energy changes as a
way of reducing the incidence of rockbursts and
for planning the placing and protection of service
excavations.

In most mine systems, underground geo-
phones pick up rock vibrations which are trans-
mitted by analogue systems to surface computers
and recorded at a rate of 1 000/sec. The com-
puter then decides on which information to store
and discards the rest.

The information about where, when and how
large earth tremors are, is used to predict haz-
ardous areas in the medium and long term.

Dr Spottiswoode is also working, in con-
junction with the Chamber of Mines, on a new
parameter — excess shear stress — for predicting

3400/1099

91

rock bursts by determining force/stress acting
‘on the rock. .

As safety-based mine seismology is an area
of co-operation, as opposed to oil exploration,
which is highly competitive, the aim is to work
towards standardised ways of expressing data
which will lead to its successful application.

“There are about 15 seismic networks across
the country observing mine tremors and we want
to be in a position to optimise the use of data,””
said Dr Spottiswoode.

In the past analyses were done on a one-off
basis, whereas the objective is to apply these to
mgst accumulated data.

The Chamber of mines has given the green
light to these proposals and has also agreed on
some of the design principles.

The added success is that more people, es-
pecially scientists as opposed to engineers, will
be working in this area.

The idea would be to have gegabytes stored
on magnetic disks and Dr Spottiswoode is con-
fident that, within the next year, it will be pos-
sible to apply the techniques to more than one
set of data.



csa:

A... the vineyards of Paarl, the
Association of Trust Companies met
to express its grave concern, and a
delegation representing the Handel-
sinstituut, Assocom, the SA Federated
Chamber of Industries, the Steel and
Engineering Industries Federation
and the Chamber of Mines handed a
joint statement to the Prime Minister
in which they made the uminating
observation that urban blacks shoul
be treated differently from homeland
blacks.

High among the grievances of
blacks the delegation listed — you've
guessed it — the pass laws and influx
control.

So it went on. The president of the
Handelsinstituut told The government
that while separate development was
all rien in its broad principles, SA
should be developed as an economic
whole.

Simultaneously, the Cape Chamber
of Industries and the Cape Town
Chamber of Commerce issued a joint
statement in which they criticised the
serious lack of economic opportunity
for four-fifths of the population and
called for changes to — yes, the pass
laws and influx control.

A rapid drop in the capitalisation
value of shares provoked the presi-
dent of the Johannesburg Stock Ex-
change to warn that “confidence in
the future of SA is ebbing, and unless
immediate and positive steps are tak-
en to restore it, the economic effects
of recent events must soon be felt by
everyone in the country”.

Then Assocom returned to the fray
with a further statement, in which it
said blacks should be allowed to make
the maximum contribution to the eco-
nomy — no barriers should be placed
in the way of anyone acquiring or
utilising skills.

One of the most prominent Afri-
kaner businessmen in the country, Dr
MS Louw (then chairman of San! lam),
warned solemnly that many overseas
investors had lost faith in SA, and that
the country’s future was dependent
partly on the know-how, goodwill and
capital of overseas countries.

W. will have to convince over-

seas countries that we are able to
solye our racial problems satisfacto-
rily.” said Louw.

‘As you can see, the business com-
reunity rose to the occasion. They
xactly what was wrong and

vas 25 years ago. Why has

34007 L089

29

so little been done during those 25
ears?

In 1976, when Soweto erupted, we
went through it all again. Business
leaders repeated what they had said
in 1960, just as they are repeating it
now. It was the same organisations —
the Handelsinstituut, the Chamber of
Mines, the Transvaal Chamber of In-
dustries, and so forth.

Admittedly, post-Soweto was not
the same as post-Sharpeville. Some of
the bigger business houses particular-
ly began setting their internal houses
inorder, and when P W Botha became
Prime Minister two years later, the
modern reform programme was in-
troduced.

But the changes did not go nearly
far enough, as the now endemic un-
rest in the black townships demon-
strates.

T he nnint. should be noted. too, that
when Sharpeville erspted in 186i the
police were hopelessly unprepared
andle the situation

Today the police are a modernised
force armed to the teeth, and yet they
cannot suppress the unrest -
shows how the level of violence
risen in the black communiti

Lam not suggesting that ©
ville 1984 (when the present
began) is the same as Sharpe
or Soweto 1976.

There is a qualitative change in the
intensity of the black struggle, in the

~ reaction of whites, in the confusion in

government circles and in the re-
sponses of the international commun-
ity (particularly the slide into selec-
tive sanctions).

But is there any guarantee that if
the political and financial cris’ SA
abate, the pressures of the busin
community will not abate. ton, that
the clamour for change will not lose
its sense of urgency; that the cutting
edge of the reformist campaign will
not be blunted?

What then? The time-span between
Sharpeville 1960 and Soweto 1976 was
16 years. The time span between So-
weto 1976 and Sharpeville 1984 was
eight vears.

ili the time span between Sharpe-
ville 1984 and the next black uprising
be four years?

And will the chorus of business pro-
tests then start up all over again
with delegations to Preiora,
ings of disasters ahead, ¢
“dramatic” change”

Will the old m
third tir



JPRS*SSA“85+091
27 September 1985

LIBERIA

PRESS UNION CALLS FOR GOVERNMENT COOPERATION
AB092333 Monrovia Radio ELWA in English 2000 GMT 9 Sep 85

[Excerpts] The secretary general of the Press Union of Liberia, PUL,
Mr (Lamine A. Warite), says by working together, Secom [Special
Elections. Commission], the Interim National Assembly, INA, and the
press could go a long way in ensuring a nationally and internationally
acceptable transition to constitutional rule. In a position state~
ment issued yesterday in his behalf, Mr (Warite) regretted that the
present relationship between the press and public officials seems

to be characterized by mutual distrust, suspicion, and even outright
hostility.

Mr (Warite) also advised local journalists to adopt a qualitative,
more objective and responsible attitude towards events, presently
and at all times, but more especially at this critical time in the
country's history.

In the same breath he added some.of our public officers have
regrettably come to view the private press--and by extension the
PUL--as a group of biased, self-righteous, anti-establishment radicals.
He said while such officials are of course entitled to their opinions,
such a sweeping conception of the press and the Press Union is simply
not so. The PUL secretary general said the Union in particular is
not--and should never. be--a partisan organization. He assured all
those officials of government who see the Press Union as it is
currently constituted as being biased and manipulated that he,
(Warite), will be the first to resign his position as secretary
general of the Union the minute he is convinced that certain officials
or other members. of the Union decided to use the Union for their
personal ends.

To further demonstrate the Union's sincerity of purpose, the Press
Union secretary has expressed the willingness of the Union's
Executive Committee to meet with the head of state and president of
the Interim National Assembly, INA, CIC [commander in chief] Dr Samuel

13


JPRS*SSA*85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

SAP CRITICIZES CALL FOR INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION
MB100719 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1845 GMT 9 Sep 85

[Text] Cape Tonw, 7 Sep SAPA~-The police divisional commissioner of
the Western Cape, Brigadier Gert Odendaal, today slammed recent
editorials in two major Cape Town newspapers as part of an "antagonistic
campaign...against the security forces."

The two editorials called for independent investigations of allegations
of police brutality, many of which have emerged during recent unrest.

The full text of Brigadier Odendaal‘'s statement readst

"It is apparent from newspaper editorials, and I refer particularly

to that of the ARGUS dated 4 September, 1985, and the CAPE TIMES

dated 9 September, 1985, that my official assurance that all complaints
of misconduct on the part of any member of the South African police
will be thoroughly investigated, is being questioned.

"T can only conclude that this is part and parcel of the antagonistic
campaign presently being waged against the security forces for stepping
in to prevent South Africa being turned upside down and ending in
complete chaos.

"Consequently, I feel compelled to publicly repeat my assurance that
all police stations are open day and night to receive and attend to any
legitimate complaint against any member of the force. It is encumbent
on all policemen receiving such a complaint to take a detailed sworn
statement from the complainant, for onward. transmission to higher
authority for the purpose of a thorough investigation, and thereafter
to lay the whole dossier before the attorney-general.

to advocate that this is a ludicrous assurance or response on my
part certainly speaks either of ignorance or some form of male-fide.

“Justice is so wide that the whole legal profession as well as the
whole judiciary is at the disposal of any complainant. Even if the
attorney-general declines to prosecute, the particular individual is
entitled to institute a private prosecution.

57



'The union has now appealed to the
ministry of labour to use its powers to
refer the matter to the court since,
according to the union, the airline
management does not seem to be ready to.
sign-the form. ‘Ihe minister for labour has
powers under section 8 of the ‘Trade
Disputes Act to refer the matter to the
Industrial Court even when one of the
iparties to the dispute has failed to sign
strade dispute forms, if another party
requests such a move,

CSO: 3400/1102

110


JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

ZAIRE

BRIEFS

MANEUVERS IN MOBA ZONE--Kinshasa, 6 Sep (AFP)--Zairian army to start
maneuvers from 9 to 21 September in the Moba Zone, northeast Shaba
Province, it was learned on Thursday in Kinshasa from Defense Ministry
sources. The twon of Moba, which borders the Lake Tanganyika, suffered
attacks by rebels last June and November. These maneuvers will be
headed by the secretary of state for national defense, General Likulia
Bolongo, the same sources indicated. [Text] [Paris AFP in French
0947 GMT 6 Sep 85]

JAPANESE GOVERNMENT DONATION--The Japanese Government yesterday donated
Y500 million, that is about 112 million zaires, to the Executive

Council during a ceremony at which Japan was represented by its ambassador
to Zaire, His Excellency Tsuneo Oyake, and Zaire by Citizen Mobutu

Nyima, secretary of state for international cooperation. This donation
falls within the framework of strengthening the relations of friendship
and cooperation between both countries, and is aimed at increasing

food production within the framework of a fertilizer supply project.
[Text] [Kinshasa Domestic Service in French 0600 GMT 10 Sep 85]

cso: 3400/1116

112


ZIMBABWE

New Leads on Assassination of Spanish Ambassador
(CAMBIO 16, 19 Aug 85)...cececececeecseneceeeveseceeececens 113

China Gives Loan for Development Projects
(THE HERALD, 31 Aug 85)....ccceceeeeeecececeeseveccesceeees 115

Reporter Describes New Breed of Farmer in Nation
(Moeletsi Mbeki; THE HERALD, 30 Aug 85)..........005 seeeees 117

Italian Aid To Expand Health Care
(THE HERALD, 27 Aug 85) ...ccccececccccccccecceecece seveeeee 121

Army Engineers Clear 500 km of Roads of Mines
(Tim Chigodo; THE HERALD, 27 Aug 85)....sseeeceeeseeeeceees 122

Briefs
Army's Two Self-Reliance Projects 124
Bulgaria Farm Link 124
Spanish Wheat Offer 124


JPRS*SSA+85+091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

BABCOCK MOXEY WINS ASH CONVEYANCE CONTRACT
Johannesburg MINING WORLD in English Aug 85 p 131

[Text]

Babcock Moxey, the new
competitor on the bulk
handling scene in South
Africa, has carved a
significant niche for itself in
just 18 months, with an
order book amounting to
some R69 million. Babcock
Moxey is a divison of
Babcock Industrial
Contractors (BIC), part of
Babcock Africa.

The latest order to be
awarded to Babcock Moxey
is for a R16 million
overland ash conveying
system for Escom’s
Matimba power station,
near Ellisras, Northern
Transvaal.

The contract covers the
design, manufacture,
erection and commissioning
of 7 km of conveyors with
widths of 750, 1 200, 1 350
and 1 650 mm to transport
conditioned and coarse ash
from the power station to

3400/1099

an ash dump at a rate of
1 650 t/h. The ash dump
itself is a separate contract
under the control of others.

Babcock Moxey work
teams moved on site in May
and the entire main portion
of the project has to be
complete by April 1986 with
the addition of boiler sets
2—6 at yearly intervals
thereafter.

The Babcock Moxey
contract provides for the

89

manufacture, supply,
erection and commissioning
of the entire conveying
system inclusive of belting,
idlers, conveyors for both
coarse ash and conditioned
ash.

Local content will be
high, reports Babcock
Moxey manager Dave
Owen. The project will be
managed and designed by
Babcock Moxey.

Babcock Moxey’s sister
company, Babcock Claudius
Peters, has received a
related contract from Escom
for an ash conditioning
system at the power station.
This latter contract is in
keeping with Escom’s
commitment to reducing the
use of water at its power
stations. Previously ash has
been sluiced away
hydraulically.

The Claudius Peters
installation will condition
precipitator fly ash before
being transported by the
Babcock Moxey conveyor.
Value of the Claudius
Peters contract is a further
R3 million and its award
follows similar contracts for
Escom’s Lethabo power
station. Claudius Peters will
manage the contract on a
turnkey basis. REF 8.15



[Le Roux] How can you assure that?

{Hendrickse] All that we can do here is to appeal to the parents,

and there are parents, many of them, who are concerned about the
situation.’ The parents who telephone, write, and talk are so seriously
concerned and worried that they say something drastic must be done.

Now we say to the parents that the time has come that they should make
their presence and responsibility felt to see to it that those children
who should be at school and who were absent begin studying at home for
the end-of-the-year examinations. You see, in the present framework
we are aware that the children are being misled, that they are being
used for incitement, and that repetition of cliches takes root. For
example, they say "liberation before education." There must first be
freedom and then education. My own approach is that there should be
education for liberation.

[Le Roux] Isn't there among the colored youth the perception that
they can bring about political change, constitutional change through
violence?

{Hendrickse] No, I do not believe it. I think it is an emotional
response. Young people by nature react emotionally and during the
past few months their feelings and emotions have been brought into
play. They are fed with all sorts of things which is strange to
them. In our schools Marxist propaganda is being laid dow...

[Le Roux interrupting] How is it possible? How can communist pro-
paganda, Marxist propaganda be laid down at schools under your
control?

[Hendrickse] You know, now we must question the issue of control.

I think, [changes thought] what we are seeking is not iron-hand control
but education must be based on freedom and the freedom is trust in
teacher training, trust in the students and so on. This is not just
a question of constitutional development. We are sure of the sort

of propaganda, the sort of things that are being spread at schools.
At one secondary school there was a whole pamphlet attacking the
capitalistic system, and the idea that weapons must be obtained and
if you do not have weapons petrol bombs should be made, is an indica-
tien that thines at schools are not right. Therefore, we must act

2 of the parents an4 the

community.

[Le Roux] When unrest was restricted to black areas, apparently to
black areas, it was said there was no unrest in colored and Indian
areas because they have parliamentary representation. What do you
say now?

34


JPRS*SSA*85+091
27 September 1985

ZIMBABWE

TTALIAN AID TO EXPAND HEALTH CARE
Harare THE HERALD in English 27 Aug 85 p 3

[ext] Zimbabwe and Italy yesterday signed a four-year technical cooperation
agreement worth $7 million to build a multi-disciplinary school and extend
medical services in Mashonaland West.

The agreement was signed by the Minister of Health, Dr. Syndney Sekeramayl1,
and the Italian Ambassador, Dr. Ferdinando Mor.

Cde Sekeramayl said that under the agreement Chinhoyl Hospital would be upgraded
to provincial level. The Italien government would provide funds for the services
of seven specialists and eight medical officers.

The Italian government would build a multi-disciplinary school for $5 million
as a grant to Zimbabwe. Seven l.-wheel-drive cars for rural work, teaching
equipment and a 4~band radio commumication system worth $2 million would also
be provided.

There would be on-the-job training for Zimbabweans as well as health care for
people of the area.

Dr. Mor said his government would continue to help Zimbabwe in its development
projects. He said the agreement was a continuation of the initial health agree-
ment which became operational in February 1981. It was one of the projects
falling within the framework of the Italian, cooperation agreement signed with
Zimbabwe in November 1984 for a total of US $55 million.

CSO: 3400/1106

121



ACID RAIN RESEARCH EFFORTS NOTED

Johannesburg ENGINEERING WEEK in English 29 Aug 85 p 24

[Text]

cso:

3400/1099

The acid rain problem
could prove as disastrous
for South Africa as it has
for certain parts of Eu-
rope, says Geoff Craig,
vice chairman of the Gas
Cleaning Association of
South Africa.

. He says Germany’s
Black Forest is already
doomed, and the forests of
‘the eastern Transvaal could
soon face the same fate.

Countries most affected
by the problem have dif-
ferences of opinion about
the causes of the problem,
says Craig.

West Germany and the
Scandinavian countries
believe sulphur emissions
are largely responsible,
while the British and Ca-
nadians consider the prob-
lem to be caused by far
more complex atmos-
pheric chemical reactions.

In spite of Canadian re-
servations about the sul-
phur emission theory, their
government is promoting

96

reductions in sulphur lev-
els in emissions, Craig

Whe feels South Africa
should adopt the same ap-
proach.

Research into: the acid
rain problem in South Af-
Tica is currently being con-
ducted by at least six
bodies.

“It is ludicrous to frag-
ment our research on a
problem as big as this. We
should be getting a steer-
ing committee together,
and pouring all our re

* search funds into a central

body like the CSIR.

“We should be spend-
ing something like R10-
million a year over the next
10 years, because 10 years
from now we should be
building the plants of the
future,’’ he says.

Flue gas de-sulphurisa-
tion is becoming standard
practice worldwide, and
South Africa should fol-
low this trend, he adds.

JPRS*SSA#85*091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA


JPRS*SSA+854091
27 September 1985

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE OBTAIN NEW WATER CANNON FOR CROWD CONTROL

MB121328 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1315 GMT 12 Sep 85

[Text] Cape Town, 12 Sep SAPA--The South African police have taken
delivery of a new, locally manufactured vehicle-mounted water cannon
for crowd control, the commissioner of the SAP, Gen Johan Coetzee,
said here this afternoon.

He told a news conference the vehicle, which cost one and a half
million rands to develop and build, would be demonstrated to members
of the cabinet in Pretoria tomorrow.

One problem in using water for crowd control had been that there was
negligible water pressure in black areas, the general said.

It was for this reason that an "autonomous vehicle" was developed to
carry the cannon.

Gen Coetzee said an investigation was being made into the effective-
ness of using dye in the water to stain members of a crowd for later

identification.

The police were reviewing other methods of riot control, including the
rubber bullet, which it was hoped would be more cost-effective.

At the moment, a rubber bullet costs seven rands.

Another move was the removal of heaped-up rubbish in and around black
areas, which people were in the habit of burning in unrest situations.

cso: 3400/1107

37