Mr Gastrow said no one doubted that the Communist Party was involved in
unrest and that Marxist-Leninists were gaining influence in South Africa.

But it was dangerous to confuse genuine anti-apartheid campaigners with
the players in "a chess game being directed by Moscow", as a previous
NP [National Party] speaker had done.

The two types of violence in South Africa had to be met by a political
response. The PFP would support any attempt to negotiate with the genuine
leaders of the people.

However, the bill was proof that the government had run out of political
options.

The real debate outside of parliament was not about the opening of beaches
to all races or the repeal of the Mixed Marriages Act, but about whether
post-apartheid society would be a democracy or a Marxist-orientated,
authoritarian state.

Those who supported a multi-party democratic state were losing ground,
while the government continued to "throw those who believe in genuine
democracy into the same basket as the marxists".

"This gets us closer to a post-apartheid society in which there will be
no democracy," Mr Gastrow said.

PFP's Dalling Predicts Rule by Police
MBO021819 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1747 GMT 2 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Jun 2, SAPA--South Africa was being "forcibly
jettisoned into a new era of permanent martial law, more detentions without
trial, and rule by police and the military", Mr Dave Dalling (PFP Progressive
Federal Party] Sandton) said today.

Speaking in second reading debate on the public safety amendment bill,
which provides for the declaration of "unrest areas" for three months
or more, he said "this is truly a sad day for South Africa."

"The Nationalist government, in power for 38 years, has finally announced
it can no longer govern the republic in a normal, democratic and
peaceful manner." tea

It was obvious to all the government could no longer run the country
without resorting to the use of extraordinary powers placed on already
overburdened statute books--powers held by no other Western government.

"It finds itself so- alienated, so estranged from the bulk of South Africans;
so insecure and isolated from the majority of South African citizens; that
only by enacting horrendously authoritarian legislation can it continue,"
Mr Dalling said.

56



JPRS~SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

COHS ARY URGES HELP FOR AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

Mb291218 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GHY 29 May &6
[Station Commentary]

[vext] This week's special session of the UN General Assembly on Africa's
economic crisis has been described by delegates as a chance to the world that
will not be so easily offered again. No one cxpects the session to solve
Africa's economic problems overnight but it docs represent a historic
opportunity for agreement by Africa and the developed countries on a framework
for action on all sides.

Predictably, the session is being presented in some quarters as an attempt by
beggars to squeeze money out of rich nations whose wealth has nothing to do
with the poverty of Africa. It is couvenicntly forgotten that some of the
richest nations owe their present prosperity in no small part tothe colonial
and ncocolonial exploitation of African and other underdeveloped countries.
vhis is not to deny that African countries thenselves have made mistakes. Nor
to deny that primary responsibility for the continent's future rests with
Africa. Indeed, the QAU's economic recovery program stresses ‘the need for
econowic reforms and comits African countries: to providing 70 percent of the
$128 biliion required to implement the program, but while Africa's economic
recovery is largely dependent on its own resources, it also hinges on the
international economic environment. Even the most deep-seated.African reforms
will-fail unicss more equitable international economic arrangements can be
negotiated.

In this regard, the OAU document refers to low prices for Africa's export
commoditics, deterioration of terms of trade, decline in real terms of
official development assistance, unstable exchange rates, high interest rates
and the protectionist policies of some rich nations. All of this interact to
undermine the economic development efforts on African governments.

the special UN Session can and should lead to agreements on a broad action~
oriented strategy to remove the obstacles to African cconomic development, and
the first obstacle to be removed is the attitude that the relationship between
Africe and the devcloped nations is that of a beggar and a charitable donor.
there are in fact mutual advantages to be gained from African development. As
one delegate at the UN discussions pointed out: an economically strengthened
Africa is in everybody's interest.

/12913
C80: 3400/1958 22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from néws agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
{] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, -the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques~
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS

JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
author, if applicable, of publication be cited.

Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
Information Service, and are listed in the Monthly Catalog of
U.S. Government Publications issued by the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.


The proposed legislation was seen as an attempt to hit out at "progressive"
organizations’ activists before June 16, a news conference in
Johannesburg was told.

United Democratic Front [UDF] spokesman Mr Murphy Morobe told the
conference the UDF took a "grim view" of the proposed bills which were
a signal of the government's "desperation."

"The government must be warned that if these proposed bills become law--
especially as they are intended amongst other things to arrest activists
and community leaders before June 16--the consequences shall rest
squarely on their shoulders," he said.

Mr Fink Haysom of the Centre for Applied Legal Studies told the same
conference the proposed bills were "a further erosion of legal
institutions" and "a serious invasion of civil liberties."

"Though June 16 has already been dealt a savage blow, the government sees
it necessary to provide overkill, to satiate a demand for a more ruthless
approach despite the legislation they already have."

The Detainee Parents Support Committee [DPSC] outlined the main features
of the Public Safety Amendment Act as the following:

-- The minister of law and order is empowered to declare an "unrest area"
if it is his opinion that a disturbance is occurring or that it may occur
in that area.

-- The declaration can continue for three months and can be extended by
the state president.

-- Each declaration must be gazetted and laid before parliament within
14 days.

-- The declaration of an unrest area and validity of regulations made
by the minister of law and order is placed beyond the possibility
of legal challenge.

In a statement, the Centre for Applied Legal Studies said it was “particularly
disturbing" that such an unrest area would remain valid until disapproved
of by all three houses of parliament.

This gave the National Party in the House of Assembly a veto power "it will
no doubt excercise to ensure that no state of unrest is set aside."

Community organizations including the Soweto Youth Congress, the Federation
of Transvaal Women, the Soweto Civic Association and the Alexandra Youth
Congress said in a joint statement issued at the conference:

"As the government loses control daily, its attempts to retain power become
increasingly desperate."

65



He said on a national level the NECC had not taken a decision urging
those at school outside of their geographical areas or in private
schools to return to the townships but that it was clear that such pupils
were at risk in their own communities.

Following discussion on the issue, he advised parents getting involved
in the education struggle to advise their street committees (set up
recently to address the problem of vigilantes) that their children are
"comrades" to ensure their safety should they be challenged by township
students.

Earlier, Mr Mokae had urged parents to become involved in community
organizations which would help understanding of students' problems.

"We are not asking anybody to go out and become members of Umkhonto we .. _
Sizwe [Spear of the Nation] (the military wing of the ANC)--but to become
involved and do their part in:the struggle." he said.

The spokesman for Trasco also attacked private schools for continued
racism and said sexism was still encouraged in these, schools. as well.

"We cannot have normal education in an abnormal society--for change in
education we need change in society," he said.

Open discussion revealed both parents’ concern for their children's
continued education, their commitment to change, but most of all the
dilemma they see themselves to be facing at present as well as in the
future should a national call be made that students return to schools
in the townships.

One mother said: "If my son is not involved, whose. son will be? We cannot
expect others to die for us."

Another pointed out that many young pupils did not even understand why

they were sent to school in other areas, but that it could also not be
expected from those in the lower standards to organize themselves. At the
same time, she said, it was often difficult for. black parents who are

in a minority at private schools, to effect organized change at such schools
in such a way as to convince the NECC and similar bodies that they are

also involved in the struggle.

All speakers stressed that what they were working towards was a "free, non-
racial, democratic and universal education," and that both white and
black educational systems of the present stand rejected.

Prof Mohammed also mentioned that children as private schools can become
divorced from their own community and warned of the dangers of socio-
displacement.

Elected to the steering committee was Mr Corke, Prof Mohammed, Mrs N. Dianelane,
Mr Ramakgopa, Mr Ngwenya, Mr Bennett, Mrs Dlakavu, Mrs Thabethe, Mrs Taunyane
and Mr Meyer.

/12624

cso: 3400/1905
76



Public school teachers just ended nearly five months of strike action in
demand for their salary arrears and other benefits.

Medical doctors at the John F. Kennedy Medical Center and hundreds of health
workers throughout the country are on a go-slow strike action, also for
salary arrears and improved working conditions.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1949

12



“Without prejudging the issue, I hope and pray that the minister (of law
and order, Mr Louis le Grange) will realize the serious danger of possible
confrontation into which the churches may be forced and that he will withdraw
the order to allow millions of Christians to gather in prayer in places

of worship throughout South Africa on June 16."

Dr Naude recalled that when the SACCS made the plea for a day of Prayer
on June 16 it had been stated:

"We have prayed for the government to change its policies. Now we pray for
a change of government. In this prayer we commit ourselves'to work
towards the justice of God's kingdom. Then God's people will be liberated
to live in peace."

/12624
cso: 3400/1905

71



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

EVO FERNANDES ON RESISTANCE--The secretary-general of the Mozambique
National Resistance, Evo Fernandes, told THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
Paris on May 16 that the latest offensive by Zimbabwean forces against
Renamo's headquarters in the Gorongosa mountains had been a failure.

"The fighting is over and we are still at Gorongosa," he stated. Asked
about the possibility of resuming negotiations with the Maputo government ,
Mr Fernandes said Renamo could negotiate with the military, which he said
had gained the upper hand in Mozambique's ruling Frelimo partyin March.
Under armed forces pressure Samora Machel had already ceded some of his
power, he claimed. With regard to Renamo infiltration into the Mozambican
administration, which was mentioned by President Machel himself (see ION
No 232), Mr Fernandes said that today “numerous Mozambican officials who
see no alternative to power-sharing, are already preparing for the future
4n order to hold on to their privileges."..The redistribution of posts in
the last reshuffle had been Mr Machel's response to this problem, he said.
Questioned on his relations with Renamo president Afonso Dlakhama, which
according to some sources are not very good, Mr Fernandes said that if
that were the case Mr Dlakhama could have dismissed him a long time ago
since he had not been elected to the post of secretary-general by Renamo's
national council but appointed by the president himself. He added that
the South African government, which was behind these rumours, had been
seeking for some months to create dissension between Renamo's political
and military wings. "With the Nkomati agreement South Africa has obtained
what it wanted from Samora Machel and thus has. no further interest in
replacing him," he said. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English 24 May 86 no page given] /9317

OPPOSITION MOVEMENTS MEET--A number of Mozambican opposition figures stayed
away from the conference organised in Cologne, West Germany on April 26
and 27 which was intended to set. up a "third force" to counter the powerful
Mozambique National Resistance (see ION No 229). They included Maximo Dias
of Monamo, Domingo Arouca of Fumo and’ Gideon Malhuva of Padelimo. One
participant was Fresamo, but it was not represented by its leader, Zaca
Caliate. Also there were former Renamo members like Artur Villanculo (who
represented the organisation in the United States before being expelled
from it). His proposal to form an umbrella organisation for the various
opposition movements was not adopted in the face of strong resistance from

29



JpRS~SSA~86-069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY SAYS FALLING BUSINESS CONFIDENCE UNFOUNDED
MB020555 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 2 Jun 86
[Station commentary: ‘Business Confidence"]

[Text] Few decisionmakers in the business community would dispute that there
is a considerable gap these days between overall business perceptions on one
hand, and the fundamental realities of South Africa's economic situation on the
other.

The state of the economy, troubled though it is, is far from justifying the
inordinate pessimism that pervades the business community. The jitteriness, as
commentators call it, is being overdone.

It is a dangerous phenomenon, not least for business itself. Decisions are
based on perceptions. To the extent that perceptions are inaccurate, there-
fore, they lead to inappropriate actions, and when unrealistic pessimisn is
sufficiently widespread, the resulting business decisions--for example, reluc-
tance to invest in economically sound ventures--tend actually to bring about
the fear of gloomy conditions.

The imagined state becomes real. The prophecies become self-fulfilling.

The circumstances giving rise to confusion and pessimism in the business world
are obvious and must be acknowledged. The country is going through a period
in which it has more than its share of economic difficulties--some no doubt
self-imposed, others beyond its control. There are plenty of problems origi-
nating in the political arena. The inevitable adjuncts of reform--uncertainty,
unrest and conflict--have assumed disturbing proportions.

Western countries continue their flirtation with disinvestment, threats of
sanctions, and other initiatives based on a belief that good can come from
adding harm.

Black leaders who pursue their political programs with not so subtle threats

of violence are reported prominently in the media, while moderates remain
silent for fear of being necklaced. Among some whites there are signs of a vio-
lent backlash.

100



JPRS*SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

PARTY OFFICIAL URGES EMERGENCY CONGRESS ON LEADERSHIP CODE
MB051931 Dakar PANA in English 1430 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] Harare, 5 June (ZIANA/PANA)--Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU (PF) party
should convene an emergency congress to decide on the implementation of the
leadership code, the party's secretary for administration and member of the
Politburo, Mr Maurice Nyagumbo, said in Harare yesterday.

In an interview with THE HERALD he said: We are meeting difficulties in
implementing the leadership code because leaders have acquired property and
do not seem prepared to part with it.

His personal opinion, which he said was probably not shared by many, is we
should call an emergency congress and tell the people that we are unable to
fulfil one of our important resolutions of the second National Congress of
ZANU (PF) (1984) mainly that of scientific socialism, because the leaders

have acquired property.

Mr Nyagumbo, who is minister of state (political affairs and coordination of
co-operatives), said such an emergency party congress would decide whether.
or not it would do away with us as we now appear to have adopted capitalism,
become property owners and appear to be deceiving our people.

The people had to be given the chance to decide whether they should continue
regarding us as leaders or disown us and elect a new Central Committee and
Politburo which will be able to carry out the principles of scientific
socialism, he said.

His view was an independent one, he emphasised, but he was convinced that the
only solution was that such a congress be called at which we must surrender
ourselves and confess that we are unable to fulfil the resolution on scien-

tific socialism.

Mr Nyagumbo said that the resolution had been overwhelmingly voted for at the
second national congress and leaders had been allowed to have at most 50 acres

of land, but not to own businesses and farms.
He said the policy of socialism had been adopted as far back as 1963 when

ZANU was formed and in 1977 it was decided at Chimoio in Mozambique that
socialism would be scientific based on the principles of Marxism-Leninism.

36



JPRS*SSA~86-069
7 July 1986

Mr Louis Stofberg (HNP Sasolberg) said he had only heard of the change
when Mr Heunis moved his motion and that this placed him in a "very
difficult position."

He had indicated. he would support both measures, and National Party members
had impressed upon him their urgency.

Mi Daan van der Merwe (CP Rissik) said he was under the impression the
government was more intent on appeasing the Indian and colored houses
than ensuring the safety and protection of the people of South Africa
with the two bills.

Two-and-a-half days debate had been spent on the Public Safety Amendment
Bill and the government now appeared to be yielding to opposition
to measures. :

There was a chance Mr le Grange would accept more amendments in the
other two houses. This would make "a toothless dog" of the legislation.

Mr Frank le Roux (CP Brakpan) asked if the NP's "autocratic and
dictatorial" change of the order paper was a demonstration of how
democracy worked in South Africa.

Replying to the debate, Mr Heunis said he accepted the earnestness with
which the CP and the HNP wanted the measures approved.

He gave the government's assurance that the legislation would be
handled "in the shortest possible time" to enable Mr le Grange to deal
with unrest.

If the HNP and CP seriously wanted the measures on the statute books
as soon as possible, they would cooperate instead of raising "minor
objections."

The motion was approved after a division.
PFP MP Says Bill Shows 'Ungovernability'
MB041658 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1533 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Jun 4, SAPA--The introduction of the Public
Safety Amendment Bill, providing for the declaration of "disguised

states of emergency" was an admission by the government of "“ingovernability"
and the collapse of democratic standards, Mr Graham Mcintosh (PFP
[Progressive Federal Party] Pietermaritzburg South) said today.

Speaking in second reading debate on the pill, he said the bureau for
information had been consulted in its formulation because it was a
“marketing act" aimed at discussing martial law in a permanent state
of emergency.

61



JPRS*SSA*86~069
7 July 1986

TANZANIA

BRIEFS

INCOME IN ZANZIBAR FALLS--The income per inhabitant of Zanzibar fell by
50 percent between 1976 and 1983, according to a report by the autonomous
Tanzanian island's planning commission. During the same period the cost
of living went up by 24 percent. The gross domestic product rose consider-
ably, from 978.8 million shillings (81.5 million dollars) in 1976 to

3.3 billion shillings (275 million dollars) in 1983. This last increase
is essentially due to the substantial rise in the cost of consumer goods
and not to better results from the island agriculture: the production of
cloves continually fell during the period under review, the report said.
It also noted poor utilisation of Zanzibar's industry. [Text] [Paris

THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 24 May 86 p 6] /9317

ECONOMIC RECOVERY PLAN--Dar es Salaam--The government has drafted a three year
economic recovery program to raise living standards and expand the provision
of essential social services. The program is to be implemented in the next
fiscal year. According to a statement issued by the Ministry of Finance,
planning and economic affairs, a delegation headed by Minister Cleopa Msuya is
in Paris France, for a two day meeting with Tanzania's donors to consider ways
of financing the program. The meeting opens tomorrow. According to the
statement, the major purpose of the program is to complete the projects that
are currently underway as well as facilitate the acquisition of industrial
requirements to assure the availability of consumer goods. [Text] [Dar es
Salaam Domestic Service in Swahili 1700 GMT 9 Jun 86 EA] /12913

cso: 3400/1958

32



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

The bill also considerably watered down the already limited safeguard
of parliamentary scrutiny of regulations.

The existing act said regulations would cease to be off effect if
they were not approved by parliament.

The new provision required a different procedure--that the regulations
could be annulled by was of a resolution passed by all three houses
in the same session.

This was a "much more difficult procedure".

The bill gave a wider discretion to the minister to declare an area
an unrest area than the act gave to the state president to declare
a state of emergency.

The minister did not even have to believe there was a "serious threat."

The limit of three months on the declaration of an area as an unrest
area was as meaningless as the limits in the old 90-day detention law.

Under that law a person had been released after 90 days only to be
re-~arrested.

Indeed the bill specifically provided for the unlimited extension
of the period.

It was "total sophistry for the minister to say the government had
in the past demonstrated its reluctance to use emergency powers."

What he forgot to remind the house about was the "long dreary succession"
of restrictive measures it had introduced since the passing of the
Public Safety Act in 1953.

These had been used “over and over again."
"And what I should also remind the minister of is the total failure
of all these draconian measures to achieve the objective of restoring

law and order to South Africa, for the simple reason that if order is
to be maintained, the law must be just."

Anti-Apartheid Groups Condemn Bills
MBO41501 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1440 GMT 4 Jun 86
{Text] Johannesburg, Jun 4, SAPA--Numerous anti-apartheid organizations

today condemned the proposed Public Safety Amendment Bill and the Internal
Security Amendment Bill currently before parliament.

64



These and other developments naturally influence perceptions in business as
much as they do anywhere else. The point is that there has been an overreac-
tion. The level of business confidence measured by surveys has plunged far
below what might realistically be expected.

It simply does not reflect the fact that South Africa is a fundamentally well-
ordered society, however hectic the disruptions that may take place within that
order. Nor does it reflect the economic fundamentals: the country's perfor-
mance in earning more than it spends as shown by the balance of trade, the
developed economic and financial infrastructure, mineral resources, the level
of managerial expertise, and the steady growth in the pool of skilled manpower.

Ultimately a nation builds its own future. There is no more important a deter-
minant of the national destiny than the people's own response to their
problems--their perception of themselves, of their ability through their own
actions to shape their future, and their will to do so. In short, defeatism
leads to defeat, while the first requirement for success is a determination to
succeed.

If that is true for society as a whole, it is certainly true for the business
sector, whose views and actions have far-reaching effects in every sphere of
national life.

The future of this country will not be decided by its problems. It will be
decided’ by ‘how they are tackled. In economic affairs the shape of the South
Africa to come will be determined not least by the business community's own
realism in assessing the nature and extent of the problems and reacting appro-
priately. Excessive pessimism is as disastrous for a business as is the other
extreme of euphoria. Both deny the facts of a situation.

It is on thé present decisions and actions of all South Africans that the out-
look in’ the long term will depend. The role of business in that process cannot

be overemphasized.

/12766
CSO: 3400/1907

101.



JPRS*SSA+86+069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

MILITIAS REPORTEDLY FAIL TO ACT 'SOLDIERLY'
MBO020607 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1001 GMT 1 Jun 86

{Text] Harare, June 1, SAPA--The people's militia were the "worst culprits"
among the nation's various defence bodies for failing to observe soldierly
behaviour, the commander of 4 Brigade, Col Agrippa Mutambara, said yesterday.

ZIANA reports that Col Mutambara was reviewing a passing out parade of the
fourth intake of 348 members at the Runde Shashi training camp about 120 kms
south of Masvingo.

In Zimbabwe the people's militia is recruited from among able-bodied persons
within the various provinces. Their training includes political orienta-
tion.

Col Mutambara told the new militia they had to act as "vehicles of develop-
ment" in their respective areas and he warned that their role demanded high
discipline.

"The people's militia have so far become the worst culprits among the vari-
ous defence bodies in failing to observe the ethics of good, soldierly
behaviour," he added.

He said Zimbabwe would continue to train paramilitary forces to boost its
defences against both internal and external enemies.

The colonel said the recent attacks against Zimbabwe by South Africa, the
on-going campaign against dissidents and spiralling criminal acts provided
the logic and urgency for building a powerful militia.

/6091
cso: 3400/1924

42



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

"We do not prescribe to our member companies whether they should follow
any or all of the proposals put forward and are merely providing an
informational service to our members. ;

"Ty would like to reiterate that the board of AMCHAM has never endorsed
civil disobedience as a policy nor have they even discussed the matter.

"We do, however, fully support the change process and take all opportunities
to participate in a constructive manner."

Commentary Says AMCHAM Memo Harmful
MB060601 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 6 Jun 86
[Station Commentary: "THE AMCHAM MEMORANDUM" ]

[Text] Just what the American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM) had in mind
with its memorandum to members on civil disobedience is not clear.

The document was prepared for the American Chamber of Commerce Social
Justice Committee by a body called the Get Ahead Foundation, headed by

Dr Nthato Motlana. AMCHAM chairman Frank Lubke says the statement does

not carry any specific endorsement from the chamber while Senior Vice-
President Ian Leach says it does. Meanwhile there has already been reaction
from business deploring civil disobedience IBM gave a statement to

BUSINESS DAY to the effect that IBM is a law-abiding company and as such

we obey the law in every country in which we operate.

If the difference of opinion about what was intended with the document

is disregarded it still raises two points about business involvement

in political affairs. The first is the obvious one on which IBM took

a stand. Any company and certainly a company operating in a foreign
country is obliged--morally and as a practical matter of self-interest--to
abide by the laws of the land. Few institutions are such a typical product
of the modern legal order as it has developed in the West in the last couple
of centuries. The limited liability company simply could not have existed
in earlier times. It required a political environment characterized by
centralization of power, strong government able to enforce laws through
which capital could be accumulated and trade and industry freely practiced
over a wide area and, not least, a high degree of social stability.

A business that flirts with the notion of encouraging civil disobedience is
eroding the very foundations on which its existence depends.

This is not to say that business should not become involved in politics.

On the contrary, it is its duty to draw to the attention of government

and the public the problems of political origin with which it is faced

and the kind of solutions that might be appropriate. It also has a role

to play--and many American companies have been in the forefront of this--in a
national process of upliftment of socially and economically disadvantaged
people. In recent years enlightened South African and foreign employers
have made an immeasurable contribution in this sphere, and the country as

a whole is in their debt.

84



JPRS“SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

GHANA

BILATERAL TALKS WITH MALI END, MINISTERS DEPART
AB050950 Accra Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] Ghana and Mali have agreed to expand and boost trade and economic
cooperation between them in an effort to enhance South-South cooperation
within the West African subregion. This was disclosed in Accra by the
Malian minister of trade and finance, Mr Dianka Kaba Diakite, shortly before
he flew back home after 2 days of talks with the secretary for finance and
economic planning, Dr Kwesi Botchway.

The minister, who led a 3-man delegation, said during the talks the two

sides agreed to remove tariff barriers and other bottlenecks that had
hampered trade between the two countries. On the exchange of goods between
the two countries, the minister said Malian meat, cattle, and cotton would be
imported by Ghana in return for varieties of Ghanaian goods, primary and
industrial products. Mr Diakite said the two sides also agreed to reschedule
Mali's debts to Ghana incurred more than 25 years ago. He said Ghana and Mali
have the same economic problems and have therefore agreed to make joint efforts
in their economic recovery program, as well as in their dealings with inter-
national financial institutions. According to him, his visit was a follow-up
to the talks held last year in Accra by the heads of state of Mali and Ghana,
which paved the way for the eighth session of Ghana-Mali joint commission for
cooperation scheduled for Bamako next month.

The other members of the delegation were Mr Huseini Dikko, technical counselor,
and Mr Braimah Diallo, director of price stabilization department, both of the
Mali Ministry of Finance and Trade.

/8309
CSO: © 3400/1937



Party Official Urges Emergency Congress on Leadership Code
(PANA, 5 Jun 86)...

Pee TeeTee ere eee reer reer

Government Announces General Salary Increase .
(Harare Domestic Service, 4 Jun 86) ssccseeccoececcerceres

Minister Comments on Police Action During RSA Raid
(SAPA, 8 Jun 86)... dence ee eeseceeeseeeencecceseeeneene

University Awards Law Doctorate to Mandela
(Harare. Domestic Service, 7 Jun 86). scccesecerecccvccceces

Government Declares RSA Journalist ‘Undesirable Alien'
(SAPA, 11 Jun 86) ccccecceccvecescnecevensssonscsscererece

Militias Reportedly Fail-To Act 'Soldierly'
(SAPA, 1 Jun 86) cecvcecccsceccceccscceccessevosccececsese

Two Army Lieutenants Apply for Release
(SAPA, 6 Jun 86) ceccccececcececcecccccnrescessvesoscceses

Briefs .
CAZ MP Joins ZANU-PF
Information Minister on Sanctions Debate
Minister on Warning to Squatters
SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/GOVERNMENT

Elimination of Passbooks, Influx Control Seen as Reckless
(DIE AFRIKANER, 30 Apr 86) .ecccceccccccccccccccrevccseces

Lower Interests, Taxes Recommended To Stimulate Economy
(DIE BURGER, 9 May 86) ..scweusesvccccccrececcccesesesoses

BLACKS

Heunis' National Council Bill Criticized
(Khulu Sibiya; CITY PRESS, 25 May 86) .scccceseceeecscoeee

Correspondent Probes Reason Behind Crossroads Violence
(CITY PRESS, 25 May 86) wececceecsceveee

Briefs a
Black-on-Black Killings Rise

36

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41

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45

46

48

50

51

52



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

MINISTER COMMENTS ON POLICE ACTION DURING RSA RAID
MB090730 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2113 GMT 8 Jun 86

[Text] Harare, June 8, SAPA--The recent South African raid on alleged ANC
targets in Harare revealed certain flaws in the Zimbabwe Republic Police [ZRP]
and moves were under way to rectify them, the minister of home affairs,

Mr Enos Nkala, said tonight, ZIANA News Agency reports.

In an interview on Zimbabwe-IV, Mr Nkala said the police could not have
anticipated the raid nor reacted to it immediately because "we were dealing
with sneakers."

"A sneaker can sneak anywhere," said Mr Nkala, adding that the British prime
minister, Mrs Margaret Thatcher, had nearly been killed in a bomb blast
while United States President Ronald Reagan had been shot amid the most
sophisticated and technically advanced security systems in the world.

He said the South African saboteurs had used Zimbabwean collaborators in
staging the attacks on the ANC office and the Ashdown Park house.

Mr Nkala said while the ZRP could not be entirely faulted, the raid had
proved there were certain weaknesses in the police system.

/6091
cso: 3400/1924

39



JIPRS*SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GROUPS OPPOSE GOVERNMENT BAN ON 16 JUNE COMMEMORATIONS

NUSAS Condemns Ban
MBO050512 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2314 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] Cape Town, Jun 4, SAPA--The National Union of South African
Students [NUSAS] condemned the announcement by the minister of law and
order, Mr Louis le Grange, banning all meetings commemorating June 16,1976,
and the drawing up of the Freedom Charter, on June 26, 1955.

In a statement it said the events of June 16, 1976, in Soweto "are firmly
embedded in the hearts and minds of the majority of South Africa's people"
and had become a symbol of the struggle against gutter education.

"Recent actions by police school children and students show that June 16 is not
just an historical date but is still with us.

"Furthermore, the attempt to ban commemoration meetings of these events
and the new security legislation being railroaded through parliament
at the moment, will not stop ~people remembering 1976.

"It will only serve to frustrate people and make us more determined
to commemorate June 16," NUSAS said.

SACC's Naude Reacts
MBO51014 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0917 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Jun 5, SAPA--The ban on June 16 meetings may
“directly affect" the South African Council of Churches [SACC] call for
prayer on that day to end unjust rule, SACC General Secretary Dr Beyers Naude

said today.

In a statement in Johannesburg, he said in view of the "serious implications"
which the order may have for the SACC, the regional councils of churches

and for member churches, "the matter is being referred to the praesidium of
the SACC as well as to the church leaders meeting taking place on

June 10 and 11."

70



JPRS*SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP MP OPPOSES PUBLICATIONS AMENDMENT BILL
MB051813 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1745 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Jun 5, SAPA--The ANC should be allowed to speak
for itself in the marketplace "like the rest of us" Mr Peter Soal (PFP
[Progressive Federal Party] Johannesburg North) said in the house today.

Debating the second reading of the Publications Amendment Bill--which
proposes tighter controls on the publishing and video industries--he said
people should be exposed to the views of the ANC so that they could judge
the organization on merit.

The PFP would oppose the bill because censorship of political publications
would remain in force. ’ 2

He said it was "very dangerous" to place a prohibition on certain
political publications.

This had been done by the Smith government in "white" Rhodesia before
independence. Because whites were kept in the dark about political
developments and dieas, they were surprised when Mr Robert Mugabe won the
elections. :

"I hope the same will not happen in South Africa," he said.

The booklet "talking to the ANC", published by the Department of
Information, was "one-sided".

He wanted to know why the ANC should not be allowed to "speak for itself"
and operate in the marketplace with other organizations.

Mr Louis Stofberg (HNP [Reformed National Party] Sasolburg) said in
the debate that the Publications Appeal Board should be told by the
minister of Home Affairs, Mr Stoffel Botha, to look at publications
in the light of the current crisis in South Africa.

Mr Botha had said when introducing the bill that the state should not

be the custodian of public morals and the attitudes of the people "as a whole"
should be taken into account.

79



993130
JPRS-SSA-86-069
7 JULY 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DTIC QUALISY siSPEUTED S

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

" REPRODUCED BY

NATIONAL TECHNICAL |
INFORMATION SERVICE |

US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE /
_ SPRINGFIELD, VA." 22161” 1)

Ago



University Students To Pay Additional Fees
(NEW LIBERIAN, 12 May 86) ...cceeecccceseoucebeces

Clashes Reported in Bong Mines Over Land Ownership
(Abdullah Dukuly; SUNTIMES, 12 May’ 86) ...s.Sseee evi eee eee

MOZAMBIQUE

President Machel: Visits Workers at Beira Port a
(Atanasio Dimas; NOTICIAS, 12 May 86) ..ecssessececeeeeeees

Bridge Over Nkomati River To Be Built With UNDP Assistance
(NOTICIAS, 9 May 86) ..ccececsccccccccccccvcsvecevsceseeces

Commentary Urges Help for African Development
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 29 May 86) ....e.eee-

48 Officers Graduate From British Army Training Program
(THE KENYA TIMES, 6 May 86) ..cccccsscccecccccsccceseccvees

Nampula Administrator Stresses Importance of Tax Collection
(NOTICIAS, 9 May 86) ..vssesceececcvcevcecerccesercsserenere

Nova Mambone Saltworks Ships Stored Salt, Awaits More Fuel
(NOTICIAS, 10 May 86) .csveccescovceaeccebscncceeetesecaves

Agricultural Technicians Trained in Beira
(NOTICIAS, 12 May 86) ..scecscecsccceeeee

Briefs
Evo Fernandes on Resistance
Opposition Movements Meet

SOMALIA

Briefs .
New Opposition Movement Formed

TANZANIA
Briefs

Income in Zanzibar Falls
Economic Recovery Plan

ZIMBABWE

Defection of Smith Party Member Reveals Talks :
(Umtata Capital Radio,’5 Jun 86; SAPA, ‘5 Jun 86) .....eeeee

Duke Joins ZANU-PF
Further on Defection

16

17

18

20

22

23

24

26

28

29

29

31

32

33

33



Avelino Chongo expressed concern over future production at the saltworks, the
reason being that the necessary spare parts for salvaging the damaged motor
pump--and the one still operating if it breaks down—-cannot be obtained
anywhere in the country. They are available only in the DPRK, which is where
the pumps were manufactured.

The Nova Mambone saltworks is the first part of a project that calls for
covering an area of 250 hectares with salt beds. The salt beds currently
cover only 50 hectares, and they were constructed with the help of technicians
from the DPRK.

The production unit employs 127 permanent workers. They are currently engaged
in cleaning up the dikes and beds and cutting posts for construction of their
residential area.

11798
CSO: 3442/223

27



JPRS*SSA+86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESSMEN'S PROJECT FREE ENTERPRISE REPORT RELEASED

Research Leader Comments

MB080830 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0631 CMT 8 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, June 9, SAPA--The Project Free Enterprise Report re-
leased today is the most extensive outline of the business sector's:
approach to political reform ever to be produced in South Africa.

This is the opinion of Mr Christo Nel, leader of the research team that con-
ducted workshops, seminars and think tanks with more than 600 managers in
order to produce the report.

"This report is different to earlier programmes produced by businessmen,"
he told SAPA in an interview. "Those programmes were first drawn up and
then businessmen went out and tried to get people to support them. Our re-
port already reflects the creativity and synergy of hundreds of managers who
participated in formulating its proposals."

In order to move away from economic stagnation and political upheaval, the
businessmen involved in the research programme were heavily in favour of
the following package of possible reforms, the report said.

A new constitutional dispensation must immediately be set in motion by the
government. The first step in this process is the recognition of and nego-
tiation with recognised black leaders and the simultaneous production of a
statement of intent by the two parties to define mutually accepted goals
for the future.

A possible next step would be multilateral negotiations to define a new
constitutional dispensation followed by a referendum based on universal
franchise to determine the degree of popular acceptance of the reform pro-
posals.

The end result most favoured by the businessmen is a decentralised democracy
in which the powers of central government are restricted to key areas, the
protection of minorities are entrenched, a universal franchise and common
voters role exists and blacks participate in all levels of government.

86



JPRS-884-86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTAGE ON REACTION TO AMCHAM IDEAS ON RACE LAWS

Series of Suggestions Outlined
MB040650 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2241 GMT 3 Jun 86
[Text] Johannesburg, Jun 3, SAPA--The American Chamber of Commerce in
South Africa (AMCHAM) has outlined to its members a series of suggestions
to be "carefully considered" where racial laws appeared to interfere with
the lives of black employees.
In a covering letter to a two-page document outlining the suggestions,
Mr I.W. Leach, chairman of the social justice committee of AMCHAM,
says that the committee was "not prescribing to companies" and it was
an individual company's decision as to whether or not to enforce the
proposals.

"We are merely bringing the document to their attention and each company
can make up its own mind," the letter said.

Mr. Leach, who is also the senior vice-president of AMCHAM, confirmed
today that the document, dated May 16, had been endorsed by AMCHAM and
that it had been sent to all 300 AMCHAM members.

The full text of the document follows:

The following are suggestions where the racial laws clearly interfere
with the lives of blacks. The suggestions are those which should be
carefully considered by, for example, the chief executives of companies,
who could then act in concert with each other focusing on certain areas
at a time. .

Proposals

The following are certain general proposals which should be supported:
1) Influx control laws

It is suggested that companies:

a) Should not register their staff

81



GOVERNMENT TO PROSECUTE ILLEGAL ‘MONEY CHANGERS'

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 13 May 86 pp 1, 6

[Article by J. N. Elliott]

[Text]

Any money “changer
caught undermining the
economy by illegally
devaluing the Libe-
rian dollar will
hereafter be prosecu-

ted, the Governor of
the National Bank of
Liberia, John Bestman,
warned ‘yesterday.
According to Mr.
Bestman, government
is taking such a
stance now because
money changers opera-
ting outside the bank-
ing system are genera-
ting huge profit by
charging exorbitant
fees to convert Libe-
rian dollar to U.S.

currency.
He told a news con-

ference ‘on Monday that

if government permits
this illegal transac-
tion to continue, it
will ruin the nation's
economy by undermining
confidence in the
parity of the Libe-
rian dollar with the
United States dollar.

He further said the
state is not benefit-

/12828
CsO: 3400/1951

ting from the profit
being acquired by
illegal money chang-
ers.

On the 25 percent
foreign exchange earn-
ings to be deposited
into the National Bank
*f Liberia by export-
ers and concession-
aires, Mr. . Bestman
disclosed that the
modalities’ to im-
plement the exercise
were being finalized.

He said exporters
and concessionaires as
of May 1, ought to
have deposited 100
percent of their earn-
ings with tne various
commercial banks which
in turn will make 25
percent of the amount
available to the Na-
tional Bank in accord-
ance with a recent
Legislative’ enactment.

Governor Bestman as-
sured exporters and
concessionaires that
his bank will make
available to them in
Liberian dollar the
equivalent of the
foreign exchange sur-
rounded.

He said as foreign

JPRS~SS4~8 6.069

7 July 1986

LIBERIA

exchange begins to
flow. into the account
of the National Bank,
it will provide the
local commercial banks
the necessary off-
shore funds to effect
transfers in respect
of payments abroad for
trade-related transac-
tions and for other
essential: purposes.

Governor Bestman
took the opportunity
to dispel, rumours
that government is
minting additional
five dollar coins to
pay salary arrears due
government workers. -.

He said although the
coins helped to alle-
viate some of govern-
ment's local aebt bur-
den, the state does
not anticipate mint-
ing more coins.



CORRESPONDENT PROBES REASON BEHIND CROSSROADS VIOLENCE

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 25 May 86 p 2

[Text ]

THE OFFICIAL death toll in the clashes
between the conservative fathers and com-+
rades in Crossroads stood at 19 on Wednes- ,
day. But informed sources say the figure!

cauld be higher.

What really happened in Cape Town:
this week? City Press’ Cape Town corre-|

spondent reports:

The trouble-can be traced back to at-!
tempts by the Crossroads executive to
drive progressive organisations like the
Cape Youth Congress out of Crossroads
and by moves to close down the Sacla

Clinic ~ the only clinic cum
hospital in the area.

Trouble between’ the;
groups first flared up last;
December, but a tenuous:
speace was negotiated. It
lasted until Sunday ~ when
the worst violence ever seen:
sin the Western Cape flared
up. : A
1 was the first reporter to:
arrive in Nyanga Bush,
where fierce fighting raged:
sbetween the groups on Sun-,
day and Monday.

The scene shocked me.I
had entered a war zone,
:The atmosphere was
charged with tension, an-
ger, hatred and vengeance..

Grim-faced, — unsmuiing!
men, tired after guarding
“their possessions through
ithe night, walked around:
armed with,

a wide as-

sortment of

weapons, 4
including sharp axes, pan-:
gas, knobkierics and-petrol ,
‘bombs. :
‘It was frightening to see
several young boys among
them.

19274

cso: 3400/1930

\dreds of women and '
children, shivering from the ,
‘cold, sat on the pavement
behind this group. Their
faces were a picture of mis-'
ery, helplessnéss and fear. *

Opposite .us, the com-
srades, young activists, were i
engaged in ‘several running
battles with the fathers = a,
group of vigilantes operat- |
ing from Crossroads.

+ “‘Taccompanied a party of
comrades on an expedition
-against the fathers.

Several gunshots warned
us that it would be better tot:
beat a hasty retreat.

Pressed on by duty, 1
wanted to. return to the
shack again. But a. leader of.
ithe comrades warned me}
‘that 1 would be on my own...
My courage deserted mei
and | decided that.no story
was worth dying for. :

Huge clouds of smoke
hung over the camp. The
fathers had struck ‘at dawn +
and torched hundreds of
shacks, leaving ‘thousands
of people homeless.” ~

About” 100m “away we
saw a Casspir. Near it, I
(Saw.a group of fathers.
* Within’ minutes, ‘the
shacks ‘close to'this group,
were burning," *,

Later in the morning 1
saw :thé .badly-mutilated
body of a man who had
been hacked to death dur-
ing a skirmish, He wore @
white rag on one of his
arms, "

i : :
‘ Squatters’ said the rag
identified him as one of the
fathers, 51. Lm

A youth running prs the,
‘body swung a kick-at‘it. © {
_ Heft the campat midday;
‘and returned the next day.

Vigilantes were ‘manning,
roadblocks, and stopping all,
the cars. They also guarded
the Sacla Clinic, following:
me around and listening in:
‘on conversations | had with?
doctors. :

1 was ordered not.to take;
‘any pictures of the vigilan-:
‘les, notlfo ask fot an-inter-*
view and to get out of the\
‘drea. ifs a :

TheVigilantes told the
not use! Lansdowne Road:

51

JPRS-SSA*86"069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

“because the comrades were
stoning éars. 1 chanced my
luck and was not stoned.
Instead | saw hundreds of
people queueing at a Red
, Cross tent for blankets.”

In Khayelitsha | visited
an! emergency tent. town
Swhere several refugees had
j-been housed. Hungry chil-
\dren and their parents were
Hlining up for mugs of soup.

: Squatters have always
F resisted attempts to move
| to Khayelithsa but the vigi-
‘lante action has left them
S with little option and it ap-
| pears a forgone conclusion
‘that many of them will set-
jtle here — much to the de-
{light of the Western Cape
‘Development Board.

Violence continued’. on
* Tuesday night and the area
‘appeared to be calm but
“tense when I returned on
i Wednesday.

} Leaders of the Nyanga
Bush and Portlands Ce-
ment Works squatters Mel-
:ford Yamile and Christo-
‘pher Toise have escaped
unhurt ‘after attacks” on
“their camps.



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

GROUP QUESTIONS POLICE ACTION--Cape Town, May 29, SAPA--The Repression
Monitoring Group said it was "strange" that more than 30 people were killed
in Crossroads fighting without any Witdoeke {white scarves] conservative
township elders) being arrested. The Group's fact sheet claimed Witdoeke
commander, Mr Sam Ndima, in a meeting with the Rev David Russell,

admitted the police could remove all the Witdoeke in 30 minutes. The

fact sheet said: "Leaders of the unrooted squatter communities said the
Widoeke were using flame-throwers and R-l] rifles. "One doesn't buy these
in the shops--who supplied these weapons? "A clear trend has emerged over the
past year in the use of vigilantes to bring about that which the government
is unable to achieve through the vast array of legal repressive measures
at its disposal." Authorities have consistently denied involvement with
any vigilante individuals or groups. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English
1401 GMT 29 May 86 MB] /12624

ISRAELI CONTACTS--The new head of the Israeli foreign ministry's South Africa
and Oceania department, Pinhas Gonen, had a meeting last week in South Africa
with black anti-apartheid activists who were not identified. Meanwhile Moshe
Arens, an Israeli minister without portfolio, will have talks next week with
members of the Pretoria government. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER
in English 24 May 86 p 8] /9274

CsO: 3400/1926

93



"NECKLACING' CALLED RITUAL POLITICAL TOOL

JPRS«SSA~86*069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 28 May 86 p 6

[Article by Chris Erasmus]
[Text ]

AN AVERAGE of a killing a day by necklacing takes
lace in South Africa — and the death rate is climb-

ing.

Although no one is sure of how many people have
been killed in the ritual executions by burning,
police have at least 150 cases on record since last
year — and they acknowledge that there must have
been more.

Sources in the Eastern Cape, where this form of
execution has been used often, claim that at least 207
people have died by the necklace in the region’s
townships.

Of this number, it is claimed that since May last
year 94 people have died in the townships at Port
Elizabeth. .

Recently a group calling itself the United Chris-
tian Action claimed 544 black people had been neck-
laced in 20 months.

Police say the necklace is nothing more than a
brutal and barbaric form of terror — a small number
of township radicals terrorizing entire townships of
tens of thousands of people by picking on anyone
even remotely associated with “apartheid” and deal-

ing out this form of death at public gatherings, such

as funerals for unrest victims.

In this way, say the authorities, the message “Do as
we say, or you too will go the same way” is communt-
cated loud and clear.

‘The necklace has been described by psychologists
as the South African 20th century equivalent to the
guillotine — the vengeance of the people.

In little more than a year since the first reported
cases in the Eastern Cape, its use has become wide-
spread and far more common. Over the last few
weeks the number of necklacings has risen to an
average of about one a day, according a senior police
spokesman.

Part of the terror of the necklace is that it is only
an old tyre, such as is found discarded in backyards

across the land — until the moment it is drenched in|

petrol when it becomes a pyre for its victim.
‘Usually the victim is still alive when necklaced,
though semi-conscious from the severe beating be-
fore the execution.
Death takes from a few seconds to several minutes.

72

‘The victim’s arms are pinned against his body by the
tyre while flames consume the head and neck.
The first recorded case of necklacing was that of a

black policeman in March last year in Cradock. Cra-
dock was the scene of some of the bitterest confron-
tations between police and township activists.

A few days afterwards the mayor of Uitenhage’s
township of Kwanobuhle, Mr Benjamin Kinikini, and
his four sons and a friend were murdered, probably
by those opposed to their “collaboration with the
system”, in a necklace execution. ‘

Many necklace victims have been black people
connected either directly or indirectly with the
structures used to maintain civil order and govern-
ment.

Policemen, local government officials and others

sympathetic to the authorities, have been the most
common necklace victims.
: Two University of Cape Town psychologists (who
cannot be named for professional reasons) said the
necklace had rapidly become such a powerful politi-
cal tool because it offered an element of group
‘identity with formal structures opposed to the
government and because it offered the opportunity
to activists to exercise raw power — something
which has been denied them by the society in which
they live.

“Although brutal and violent, the coming together
and passing of judgment on someone identified with
the enemy does give people a sense of identity with
each other and of power over their own lives — those
are things that many black South Africans have been
stripped of by the system which has dominated their
lives,” said one psychologist.

The necklace has quickly become more than a
means of murdering “traitors”. It has been used to
effectively eliminate political rivals.

In a feud between the United Democratic Front
and the Azanian National Youth Unity in the Port
Elizabeth area, several have died by necklacing.

The boundary between political revenge and sim-
ple grudge killings is indistinct, and it is almost
inevitable that a growing number of necklace vic-
tims have died in the settling of personal scores.

But even more than the guillotine in revolutionary



gpps-88ar86706?
) Joly 19

ZIMBABWE

DEFECTION OF SMITH PARTY MEMBER REVEALS TALKS
Duke Joins ZANU-PF
MBO51324 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] A member of Ian Smith's party has crossed the floor in the Zimbabwe
parliament to join Prime Minister Robert Mugabe and ZANU. Sources within
the rightwing Conservative Alliance have confirmed that Charles Duke, member
of parliament for Highlands, has become the first senior member of the party
to join ZANU-PF since independence 6 years ago.

His defection is said to have revealed that talks on white representation in
a future l-party state are already under way. Former Rhodesian Prime Minister
Ian Smith is said to have given his blessing to the discussions and, according
to sources, might lead to agreement for his withdrawal from the Zimbabwean
political scene in return for limited white representation under a l-party
state.

Further on Defection
MBO51915 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1903 GMI 5 Jun 86

[Text] Harare, June 5, SAPA--Secret contacts between Mr Ian Smith's Conserva-
tive Alliance [CAZ] and Zimbabwean Premier Mr Robert Mugabe's ZANU (PF) party
on white representation under a one-party state have been blown into the open
by the defection to ZANU (PF) today of one of Mr Smith's 15 white MPs.

Sources within the rightwing party, which as the white supremist Rhodesian
Front ruled for 17 years, confirmed that Mr Charles Duke, CAZ MP for Highlands,
was one of a delegation due to meet Mr Mugabe shortly.

News of Mr Duke's defection, to become the first senior member of the CAZ to
join the ruling party since independence, was broken by the Zimbabwe Broad-
casting Corporation at lunchtime.

Mr Smith is understood to have given his blessing to the tentative discus-
sions which have been taking place and, according to sources, might lead to
agreement for his withdrawal from the Zimbabwean political scene in return
for limited white representation under a one-party state.

33



JPRS“SSA=86-069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

CAZ MP JOINS ZANU-PF--A member of parliament from Ian Smith's Conservative
Alliance of Zimbabwe, the CAZ, Mr Charles Duke, who represents the Highlands
Constituency, has joined the ruling party ZANU-PF. Mr Duke and his wife Gill
received their ZANU-PF membership cards at a big ceremony in Harare today.
Welcoming the new member, ZANU-PF's deputy head of the Commissariot Depart-
ment Comrade Nelson Mawema, said Mr Duke and his wife joined the party of
their own accord. He assured other community members with similar intentions
that there are not complications with regard to the retention of their
parliamentary status. Mr Duke will continue holding his seat in parliament.
[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 5 Jun 86 MB] /6091

INFORMATION MINISTER ON SANCTIONS DEBATE--The minister of information, posts,
and telecommunications, Comrade Nathan Shamuyarira, has criticized the current
debate about the possible economic effects economic sanctions on South Africa
would have on the Frontline States. He said the debate is irrelevant because
already countries like Zimbabwe are losing millions of dollars through the
regime's destabilization activities. Comrade Shamuyarira was speaking in

the capital today at the launching of a locally published book entitled
"Destructive Engagement: Southern Africa at War." The book investigates and
analyzes the Pretoria regime's destabilization tactics. [Text] [Harare
Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 5 Jun 86 MB] /6091

MINISTER ON WARNING TO SQUATTERS--Harare, June 5, SAPA--A Zimbabwe Government
minister today warned illegal squatters they would be dealt with "mercilessly."
Squatting was a scourge to Zimbabwe's natural resources and environment, said
the minister of local government, rural and urban development, Mr Enos
Chikowore. He told the Mashonaland East Development Council at its official
launching in Marondera: "Wherever squatters move to settle, shanties spring
up, health is threatened, trees are indiscriminately cut down and unacceptable
methods of cultivation are used...." Seven years after independence there was
no justification for "indiscriminate land-grabbing," he said. "The genuinely
landless must be orderly settled and resettled using the established channels
and with respect for the authorities legally set up to allocate land and
resettle the landless," the minister said. The government could not condone
haphazard settlements which endangered the country's natural resources and
impeded development, he added. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English

2217 GMT 5 Jun 86 MB] /6091

cso: 3400/1924

45



HEUNIS' NATIONAL COUNCIL BILL CRITICIZED

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 25 May 86 p 4

[Commentary by Khulu Sibiya]

[Text ]

THE NATIONAL;
Council Bill, the govern-j
ment’s latest scheme:to‘
provide a political plat-
form for the silent ma-
jority, seems sure to re-
ceive the same reception !
as the rest of the “re-,
form Bills” — total rejec-'
tion by most black Peo

PeThe Bill, announced by)
Constitutional Develop-
ment and Planning Minis-'
ter Chris Heunis yesterday,
falls far short of its intend- |
ed purpose — democratic’
participation of all South
Africans in one parliament:

Heunis is confident that
it will work, though — and|
even warned leaders to stop '
laying down further condi-
tions for participation in the '
council.

Become part of the coun-
cil, said Heunis — and then
we'll talk about conditions. :

He said the council —
which will include home-
land Ieaders — will “fully
enable all leaders commit-
ted to peaceful :
change to bring their '
viewpoints, condi- i

19274

csO: 3400/19300

‘tions and Teservations >

ito the council itself,
where we can discuss |
“them on the highest «
level and reach mutu-
al acceptable agree-, =
ment on them”.

And if no-one wants to”
get involved, President PW.!
Botha will just appoint peo-*
ple anyway, according to
Heunis,

Botha — chairman of the
council — has been given the
power to appoint “represen-
tatives of black people who
are permanent residents in-
the Republic, including the
-homelands”,

If it sounds familiar, it’s
because it is. The same ap-

proach was used with the ©

Black Local Authorities
Act (BLAA, as they say),
where people were warned
that if they didn’t go to the
polls, people. would be
nominated to serve on the
councils. '

The result of this .was
total rejection throughout

the country.
The composition of the
councils demands _ that

Botha appoint the Chief.
Minister of each homeland

/~or a member of his Cabi-

é

net — to the council,
The Bill.also provides for
the participation of leaders
* of all communities — but it’s

: debatable how many will

become involved, particu-
larly with the participation
of the homeland leaders.

Extra parliamentarian
organisations will also find
it-difficult to serve on the
same platform as homeland
leaders.

And the only urban lead
ers likely to agree to co-
option to the council will be

; community councillors —

50

who, up to now, have not
quite rejected government-.
created institutions.

But they have about as
much ofa mandate as the
homeland leaders.

Provision is also being
made for the appointment
of at least 10 “urban black
leaders”, members of the

“SA Cabinet, the
' chairmen of the Min-
isters’ Councils, and
not more than 10 oth-

oF people.

- Heunis. said, the
‘ douncll objectives
are:

JPRS“SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

@ To offer participa-
‘tion in the planning and
;. Preparation of a new consti-
"tution.

@ To grant black SA citi-
zens a say on an interim
basis while such a new dis-
pensation is negotiated.
@To further “sound rela-
tions” and the human digni-
yy. rights and freedoms of
all.

To promote these objec-
tives, says’ Heunis, the
council will:

: @ Consider all matters, in-

cluding existing laws and
proposed legislation. *

@ Make recommendations
to the government.

@ Take any action it deems
necessary to achieve its ob-
jectives.

Heunis said: “There is no
longer a question on the
nged for powersharing
among all SA communities.
The only issue left is the
how.”

He said the National
Council should be viewed
as the starting point for
powersharing and the be-
ginning of “a government
of national unity”.



JPRS~SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ELIMINATION OF PASSBOOKS, INFLUX CONTROL SEEN AS RECKLESS

Pretoria DIE AFRIKANER in Afrikaans 30 Apr 86 p 4

[Text] ‘The announcements that influx control will be lifted and the passbook
system for Blacks eliminated, with an eye to establishing uniform identification
documents for everyone in South Africa is such a mindless and almost reckless
action at this time, that one's worst suspicions about the weakness of the gov-
ernment are confirmed.

Promoting an uncontrolled influx of people into cities at a time of serious eco-
nomic depression inevitably means an increased financial burden on the govern-
ment to provide housing, health services, traffic control and so forth for a
growing number of unemployed. And to the extent that such services are inade-
quate, shantytowns become unavoidable, unhygienic conditions increase and crime
tends to flourish.

Even under normal conditions it is a simple economic fact that the influx of
people into urban areas swiftly reaches a point where the labor surplus is not
only detrimental to the newcomers, but also presents economic and social disad-
vantages for the older established urban population. Thus from a purely econo-
mic point of view there are sound considerations why influx cannot continue un-
regulated, even irrespective of racial differences. If a certain limit is ex-
ceeded, society suffers serious economic and social consequences. What is more,
a displaced population that comes together from various regions has no social
bonds and furnishes a fertile soil for breeding agitators and demagogues who
then suffer still greater economic and social disintegration.

If Blacks remain in the present depression prevalent in rural districts and in
the homelands, they will probably still be better off as far as food and hous-
ing are concerned than if they were to move to metropolitan districts. Recently
President Kaunda of Zambia made an appeal to the people of that country not to
flock to the cities, because this would be much less advantageous for them than
remaining in the country.

The two groups that from the outset have favored the lifting of influx control
are the great financial forces and the leftist revolutionary forces. The big
monopolies want to see an accelerated process of urbanization in order to have
the largest number of consumers within the smallest area. Even if such an ur-
ban population has to live on welfare handouts, for them it is still an increased
number of consumers. In this way urbanization is a means to change certain cus-

46



He proposed further that today's meeting be urged to "respond to the call
by the NECC and Trasco to close on June 17 and 18 or show solidarity
(of private schools with township pupils) in some alternate form."

Opening the meeting, Professor Mohammed said the crisis in education has
begun to affect private schools. This created a dilemma for parents

in townships who had sent their children to private schools or schools in
the homelands to ensure their continuing education.

Boycotts, stayaways and the closure of certain schools are affecting an
estimated 80,000 pupils at more than ‘100 hundred [as received] schools
throughout the country according to a statement by Mr Corke.

Prof Mohammed said those in the townships felt their struggle should
now be shared by those at private schools.

"Those in the townships say they too want a future, an education and
write exams and feel that private school pupils have. opted out.
They must decide where they stand in the struggle and make °

this clear, however, traumatic this may be," he said.

His statements were echoed by both the spokesman for Trasco and Mr Khanyile,
while Mr Mokae stated not only that pupils at St Barnabus identified
themselves with those engaged to the "struggle", but also illustrated

how traumatic pupils at the school experienced the decision on whether

they should return to townships.

Mr Mokae said his school had rejected the idea that a certain ethnic
group (Africans) should leave the school. "If that happens, the whole
school might as well be closed," he said. The school has instituted
people's education one day a week in the meantime.

Mr Khanyile said while some "were fighting a very bitter and caustic
battle and haven't written exams for about two years", those at private
schools have been able to continue their education.

He recounted a recent meeting in Port Elizabeth where it was decided

that all pupils at school outside the townships should return. Within

a week more than 1000 students returned--from as far away as Umtata--and
ereated problems in that they could not be accommodated in existing schools.

A moratorium has been announced on these pupils and the decision will
be reviewed at the end of the year.

ao
At KwaMashu (near Durban), he said, there is virtually no education as
pupils are fighting impis [warrior regiments] of vigilantes, while many
Soweto pupils stay in schools overnight together to protect themselves.
Under these circumstances it is difficult for classes to continue, he said.

75



The second point arising from the AMCHAM document concerns ignorance of

the law. It would be of lesser importance were it not for the fact

that it is a major reason for the widespread existance, in South Africa
and abroad, of distorted perceptions about reform in the country. As an
example of. its suggestions where the racial laws clearly interfere with

the lives of black--as it is put--the document recommends that companies
should not register or pay fees for their staff under the influx control laws.
Since the-abolition of those laws has alreday been announced, the
recommendation is superfluous. But it does have the effect of creating the
false impression abroad that even announced reforms are not implemented, ©
and thereby fueling tensions and hostility.

Such statements from an influential business body, whether they are
endorsed by it or not, can only do harm.

/12624- -
cso: 3400/1905

85



JPRS*SSA*86=069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

UNIVERSITY AWARDS LAW DOCTORATE TO MANDELA
MBO80632 Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 7 Jun 86

[Text] Ceremonies are taking place at the University of Zimbabwe at which
two honorary doctorate of law degrees are being conferred on Tanzania's
first president Comrade Julius Nyerere and the imprisoned leader of the ANC
of South Africa, Comrade Nelson Mandela. Comrade Nyerere is now fulltime
chairman of Tanzania's ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi Party.

The vice chancellor of the University of Zimbabwe, Professor (Walter Kamba),
described Comrade Nyerere as Africa's foremost statesman and humanitarian

and the continent's foremost pan-Africanist. Comrade Nyerere, affectionately
known as Walimu, meaning teacher, has already been awarded 12 honorary degrees
by universities all over the world, and he received four international awards
for his work in promoting peace, helping refugees, and a general advancement
of the African people.

The degree for Comrade Nelson Mandela was received by his daughter, Comrade
Zenani Dlamini. The vice chancellor of the University of Zimbabwe described
Comrade Mandela as a man of intimate [word indistinct]. High legal capabil-
ity and his uncompromising and unstinting pursuits of freedom for his people
has had him jailed for the past 23 years. Receiving the degree on behalf

of her father, Comrade Dlamini assured the gathering that the people of
South Africa will be free and join hands with other brothers and sisters in

the Frontline States.

/6091
CSO: 3400/1924

40



JPRS-SSA-86-069
7 JULY 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS
CHAD
Libya Seen Behind GUNT Training Camp in Benin
(Laurent Zecchini; LE MONDE, 11-12 May 86) ..ccceeceeeceees
GHANA
Bilateral Talks With Mali End, Ministers Depart
(Acera Domestic Service, 5 Jun 86) scscccccccccereccsevcecs
LIBERIA

Commissioner Taye Underscores Role of Paramilitary
(Gus D. Jaeploe; NEW LIBERIAN, 9 May 86) .

Rural Development Project Receives High Priority Funding
(NEW LIBERIAN, 9 May 86) ..

Recruitment of Agriculturalist for 'Nucleus Estates!
(NEW LIBERIAN, 12 May 86) ...

Government To Prosecute Illegal 'Money Changers'
(J. N. Elliott; NEW LIBERIAN, 13 May 86) ..scceeeeeesceeees

Treason Trial Judge Receives New Assignment
(NEW LIBERIAN, 13 May 86) cseccscecseecvcevcccercrsessreres

Riot Police Disperse Employees at Labor Ministry
(Gabriel Williams; SUNTIMES, 13 May 86) ...secccccereereees

Few Monrovia Teachers, Students Show Up for Classes
(Ambrose Gibormie; SUNTIMES, 8 May 86) ....eceeceseeeeecece

Ban on University Student Group Lifted
(Gabriel Williams; SUNTIMES, 12 May 86) ..ccccccecerceeeecs

-a-

10

iL

13

14



JPRS=SSA-86-069
7 July 1986

inception six months ago, all vessels have been over-booked--prospects
remain rosy. On average, two sailings are offered per month to Turkish
ports including Istanbul, Iskenderun, Gemlik and Mersin with other East
Mediterranean ports, notably Greek and Cypriot, on inducement. Sailings
cater for breakbulk and bulk cargoes and shipper-leased containers on
occasion, using modern bulk and tweendecker tonnage. Bookings on the
service point to a certain increase in frequency before the end of the
year. Australasia and Pacific areas opening up are big newsmakers for
SA. Medite's fledgling non-vessel service, Anza Line, moved into opera-
tion in March this year, offering a regular containerised service east and
westbound between main ports in New Zealand, Australia, Pacific Islands
and Africa. Vessels sail on a 10 to 12-day. frequency with transhipment
at Singapore and Hong Kong. Transit times are about six weeks to New
Zealand and five weeks to Australia. The service is initially accepting
only full container loads although a groupage service is to be offered in
the near future. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86
p 20] /9317

AFRIKANER BUSINESSMEN TOLD TO ADAPT-=Equal opportunities for all racial
groups. and the re-distribution of wealth were crucial for the future of
SA, Professor Attie de Vries of the post-graduate management school at
Stellenbosch University told the congress in Johannesburg yesterday.

The lack of adequate growth in the economy had led to poverty and unem-
ployment on.a massive scale, necessitating direct involvement not only
by government, but also by private institutions. De Vries urged young
Afrikaner businessmen to adapt their attitudes to the changing demands
of the country's society and help build a new SA with equal opportunities
for:all its race groups. The executive chairman of Finansbank, Piet
Liebenberg, told the congress that one of the fundamental long-term
solutions to SA's political, economic and social problems was better
management. "We must guard against confusing the symptoms which we
experience in our businesses, housing, economy, politics and society
with the key causes of our problems," Liebenberg said. Most problems
were eventually management problems, he said. Successful management
would ensure development of the country and the creation of job opportu-
nities. . It would make democratic capitalism acceptable to the majority
of the people, Liebenberg told the congress. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 22 May 86 p 3] /9317

NON-BLACK UNEMPLOYMENT RATE DECREASES 'MARGINALLY'--Johannesburg, June 5, SAPA--
The unemployment figure for registered whites, coloreds and Asians was margin-
ally lower at 74,660 in March compared to 77,857 in February. This figure,
however, is still well above the 50,728 unemployment figure in March last year.
It is absolutely essential that the high unemployment level should be dimin-
ished as quickly as possible, says a Trust Bank Group report. "Therefore over
the long term we cannot allow our inflation to remain at current levels. A
high inflation rate not only makes our products internationally uncompetitive
but also increases the production cost locally." The producer price index (a
measurement for inflation) has showed a decline for the second successive
month. Although the monthly rate of increase has slowed significantly since
the beginning of the year, a rand of currently under 0.42 U.S. dollars could
have an adverse effect depending on how long this downward pressure on the rand
prevails. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0911 GMT 5 Jun 86 MB]/12766

103



Congress was going to make it very difficult for these companies to
remain and economic sanctions were "very much on line".

These would include no new investment and a prohibition on the import
of South African goods.

"Bills like this are the very things that are going to force ‘the issue,"
said Mrs Suzman.

Another contributory factor was the "appalling sights" seen on television
last week of police sjambokking [whipping] students on the University

of the Witwatersrand campus" those disgusting sjamboks which should

be removed from the police armory"

"I want to tell the minister that he and his police are major causes
of the unrest. His restrictions on funerals are totally unenforceable
and lead to constant confrontation.

"The prohibitions on all outdoor and indoor meetings give no outlet for
peaceful protest and they too lead to ever-recurring confrontations
between police and the public."

Mrs Suzman said she welcomed the minister's assurances that he

would frame regulations providing for detainees to have access to medical
care and to their relatives and for relatives to be informed of the
whereabouts of detainees.

This was an issue she had raised with the minister during the state
of emergency. He had informed her it was standard practice for
police to tell relatives where detainees were being held.

But this was not adhered to.

There had‘ been no undertaking that the security. forces would not be
indemnified, as happened under the emergency.

"There idemnity clause is the clause that encourages police excesses,"
she said.

"There is no doubt that it encourages the security police when they ‘are
interrogating detainees. They feel we can do anything we want because
the minister is protecting us."

Parliament was, to a great extent, being asked to vote "blind" on the
bill as it was not known what regulations would be framed.

As the Society of Advocates had pointed out, it contained no effective

limitations or even guidelines as to what regulations could or could
not be made under it.

63



book so that he can begin to.spend it. This will in turn encourage the busi-
ness sector to give more jobs to people and to inaugurate new programs of ex-
pansion.

In order that the nation's on-going problems may enjoy the urgent government
attention they require, early measures can be decisive in shaking off the
chains of the recession at long last.

8117
CSO: 3401/150

49



JPRS+SSA~86+069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

WEAK OIL PRICE AFFECTS COAL EXPORT PICTURE
Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY “in English 30 May 86 p 20

[Article by Helga St Blaize-Molony]

[Text]

THE gee of SA coal exports,
already badly - pressurised by
oversupply and sanctions drives,
is being further hammered by
the weak oil price. In addition,
SA’s reputation for providing
cheap coal, so vital to bargaining
power, is in danger of being
eroded.

Since oil fell to $13,50 a barrel
two months ago,. coal producers
have had to face more fierce
bargaining on the international
market. Last year’s FOB price of
steam coal was $30/t to $34/t.
This year the price is said to
have slipped as low as $24/t FOB
and, once landed in Rotterdam,
it is trading for $12 less than a
year ago. .

Worst year

Producers have already
geared up to facing their worst
ear ever in 1986. But up until
last year, when total exports
rose to around 44-million tons
and earned R3bn in foreign ex-
change, SA coal exporters could
hardly put a foot wrong.

Since 1973, export sales have
increased by nearly 2000%,
making SA the world’s leading
exporter of steam coal. This is
largely due to the inception of
the Richards Bay Coal Terminal
(RECT) and the marketing ef-
forts of the major coal in;
houses: Amcoal, Witbank Col-

lieries, Trans Natal, and their .
agent, the Transvaal Coal Own- -

ers’ Association (TCOA).

98

Until recently, producers ex-
pected nothing but fh in
sales. Projections for the next 10
years provided for exports of up
to 71 Mt in 1995, and full gov-
ernment export gillocations in
use by the year .

hese when-SA’s political

roblems began to attract world
attention two years ago, its edge
on the international coal market
took a turn for the worse.

Threat

Political hostility has turned
into a useful bargaining stick for
buyers, says SA shipping
Brokers director Peter Sowerby.
They have been able to use the
recently imposed French and
Danish bans on SA coal to threat-
en SA suppliers and demand
lower prices. In addition, buyers
have argued that SA supplies are
no longer so reliable owing to
increased labour disputes on the

-mines,

‘As there is an oversupply of
coal on the market and a decline
in energy consumption world-
wide, buyers are in an unprece-
dented position of advantage.
‘Thus, competition is fierce par-
ticularly between SA, Australia
and Poland, the leaders of the

trade.

“The decline in the oll price is
an added negative factor for
coal which always follows fuel in
price. But it 1s unlikely oll will
maintain its present low, so it
should not prove a threat to coal



JPRSSSA-86~069
7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

48 OFFICERS GRADUATE FROM BRITISH ARMY TRAINING PROGRAM
Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 6 May 86 p 8

[Text] Inyanga, Zimbabwe, Monday--Forty-eight officers in the Mozambican
army graduated here on Saturday from a 12-week British Army training
programme aimed at improving Mozambique's ability to battle South African-
backed rebels.

The first officer honoured in the programme, Lieutenant Emilio Deus,
stepped forward Saturday to receive his award as the course's top student
from British Brigadier Robert Hodges, who told him he was a fine officer
“by any standards."

"I know you are going back now to serve your country in battle," said
Brig Hodges, adding, "I wish you luck and I hope we will meet again and
have a drink together."

Following the ceremony the Mozambican soldiers returned home to fight
the anti-communist guerrillas of the Mozambique National Resistance
(MNR) in a debilitating eight-year civil war that has shattered Mozam-
bique's economy and left its army demoralized and often ineffective.

The training courses, run by the British Military Assistance Training
Team, were coupled with a shipment of British radios in what diplomats
here said represented a significant symbolic effort to back the Government
of President Samora Machel.--AFP

/9317
cso: 3400/1916

23



Enterprise's cold storage plant. That worker, who said he had been trained at
the Industrial Institute, was running a dirty and untidy section, thus
betraying his poor occupational qualification. Since the warehouse in
question is relatively small, there is no justification for its disorganized

condition.

As he toured the port, the president was greeted by workers on the job, and he
stopped a few times to talk to them.

One thing he discovered during those talks was that a great many of the
workers there this time were new and had not been among those he had talked
with during his previous visit to the port. The president therefore promised
to return to the port of Beira as soon as possible to talk to those workers.

President Samora also noted that almost all the workers were doing their jobs
without appropriate uniforms. Each one shows up in whatever clothes he owns,
and the result is a variety of clothing ranging from casual wear to dress
suits, but none of it appropriate for a worker in a railroad port.

After consulting briefly with the Dutch technicians who work in the port to
find out about prices, President Samora promised the port workers that he
would buy them 15,000 uniforms suitable for their work. Those uniforms may be
acquired in Holland. "It is necessary to modernize our workers," said the
chief of state, who emphasized that development of the port itself must be
accompanied by the necessary development of its workers.

One of the places that the chief of state said he had been particularly
pleased to visit again was the coal terminal, where the FPLM had at one time
participated in the construction work now underway. The president said that
the sabotage of the gasoline dumps a few years before had been made easier by
that terminal's state of neglect.

The chief of state said, however, that the work was not yet done and that more
eucalyptus trees in addition to those already there, which he had ordered
planted during his previous visit, must be planted in the coal terminal.

"Continue to do this. Congratulations. The port is old but clean," said
President Samora before leaving the port.

11798
CSO: 3442/223

19



JPRS*SSA~86*069
7. July. 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

‘CHEAPER TO IMPORT' WARNING--Industry could find it cheaper to close down
and import finished goods if present inflation pressures continued,

warns Norton Abrasives marketing director Keith Turton. He said yesterday
that in West Germany, an article costing R100 in 1980 would have cost
R127,52 by the end of 1985, if one compounded the rate of inflation
annually. "But in South Africa, over the same period, the R100 article
would have jumped in price to R219,15." Turton, whose company is a major
supplier of abrasives to mining and industry, said small volumes needed in
SA led to shorter production runs and high unit costs, pushing prices

to levels where it was difficult to compete with mass-produced imports.
“these factors ensure that SA is a prime target for countries offloading
manufactured goods." [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

30 May 86 p 3] /9317

BUSINESS CONFIDENCE DROPS FURTHER-~Business confidence plunged further in
May and was now lower than it was on average for 1985, according to
Assocom's latest Business Confidence Index (BCI). May's BCI showed that
confidence, as measured by various economic indicators, declined for the
third consecutive month from a high of 85,5% in February to 78,6%. The
index is likely to go down even more next month as the effects of the
dramatic events surrounding AA Mutual and Nedbank filter through the
market. Assocom warns that if the trend continues, it is unlikely that
economic growth this year will exceed 2%. The decline is attributed mainly
to the prolonged fall in the tand's external value and the sharp upward
trend in unemployment. Another negative factor was the outflow of skills
from SA. Positive influences which prevented the index from declining
even more in May included the reduction by 1% to 14,5% in the prime lending
rate of the commercial banks and the upward trend in share prices on the
Johannesburg Stock Exchange on a monthly average. Assocom believes there
is a strong case for another mid-year fiscal "package" to boost confidence
and get the economy moving more rapidly. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS
DAY in English 30 May 86 p 3] /9317

NEW SHIPPING MARKETS OPENING--The last 12 months has seen significant
growth for Medite Shipping Company (MSC) with the addition of two new
lines to its expanding portfolio of principals. Currently showing the
brightest returns is recent newcomer on the SA-Turkey trade, Barbaros
Shipping. With a continued steady growth in exports to Turkey--since its

102



JPRS“SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

SOMALIA

BRIEFS

NEW OPPOSITION MOVEMENT FORMED--A "Somali Islamic Movement" announced its
recent formation in a communique released in Nairobi on May 13. Its aim
was said to be the overthrow of the present regime in Mogadishu, which it
accused of corruption, dictatorship and moral and economic bankruptcy, and
the installation of an Islamic state implementing Moslem law in a
"moderate and not fanatical" way. According to our information the leaders
of the SIM are former. members of the Somali National Movement who are dis-
illusioned with Ethiopia. They are said to have discreet support from
Saudi Arabia, an important source of aid for Mogadishu, which for a long
time has been criticising Somalia's policy on religion, notably with regard
to women. At the present time the SIM has no following in Somalia, even
though there is a certain Islamic revival there. President Mohamed Siad
Barre was recently obliged to warn against political use of Islam in a
speech in one of Mogadishu'’s principal mosques. Meanwhile the SNM and

the Somalia Salvation Democratic Front, the two armed opposition movements,
said in a joint statement on May 15 that President Siad Barre was seeking
only to weaken their struggle through negotiating with Ethiopia. (see ION
No 232) [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 24 May 86
p 6] /9317

cso: 3400/1915

31



JPRS*SSA*86*069

7 July 1986

However, when the new Government of Zimbabwe came to power, it had not
had to draft a single new security law. "They can do-what they
like (using Mr Smith's Laws)." Mr Van der Merwe said.

He also referred to Mr Le Orange's statement in his second reading speech
that there were no "no-go areas" in South Africa.

Mr Van der Merwe said this might be correct when the security forces
moved into a township "with all their might" before a tour by the minister
or the state president, Mr P.W. Botha.

However, when the security forces withdrew, many of these areas became
"no-go" zones.

"It is stupid in the extreme to underestimate the degree to which
matters have gotten out of control in this country," Mr Van der Merwe said.

"It is also stupid in the extreme for reasons of political. vanity to
suggest that the situation can be put right by laws like this and the
violence of the state."

PFP's Gastrow on Revolutionaries, Activists
MB021803 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1737 GMT 2 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Jun 2, SAPA~-The government's equating of
committed revolutionaries with democratic anti-apartheid activists was
leading South Africa closer to an authoritarian post-apartheid society,

Mr Peter Gastrow (PFP [Progressive Federal Party] Durban Central) said today.

Opposing the second reading of the Public Safety Amendment Bill, he said
the more the government relied on a coercive response to violence, the more
black political activists would move "faster and faster into the Marxist
Camp."

The minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, had either not
recognized, or did not seem to care about, the dividing line between the
two types of violence in South Africa~-that conducted by committed
revolutionaries through planned action and, secondly, the uncoordinated
response by mobs to the socio-economic problems of the country.

“The law should be applied as effectively as possible through the courts
to deal with planned, revolutionary violence.

"But we can't just use coercion and put the others in the same basket
as the revolutionaries--this plays directly into the hands of the
revolutionaries by diluting the difference between them and genuine
anti-apartheid campaigners." .

55



19274
cso:

3400/1926

France, the power of the necklace is dealt out, as.
often as not, with precipitous haste to those who fall
foul of the revolutionaries.

In townships across the country the necklace has
been used by a variety of political groups, some in
competition with each other. Usually, it is the cho-
sen death sentence of “people's courts”, comprised
of activists mostly in their teens and 20s calling
themselves “comrades”.

Other incidents are even less formal. As has hap-
pened on a number of highly publicized occasions,
an alleged “informer” or “collaborator” has
singled out at a mass meeting or funeral. Within
seconds, the crowd has turned on the accused, giving -
him or her a brutal beating before the necklace is
produced and its victim dies in flames. ‘

Some activists and organizations have distanced
themselves from the violence, describing it “barbai-

ic”.

Cape Town’s Anglican Archbishop-elect, Bisho;
Desmond Tutu, last year spoke out strongly agains’
such killings, threatening to leave the country with
his family if the killings continued. \

But since then, the rate of necklacings has risen
steadily, taking on the ominous proportions of a
latter-day Reign of Terror.

73



But, Narciso Iounlele warned, "we do not want detractors-—-those who spend
their lives slandering others to get a promotion. They: are bad because
instead of working, they spend their lives slandering their colleagues in
reports to our leaders."

He then urged all the deputies in the assembly to carry out the resolutions
adopted by that organ of state power.

It was decided at the 12th session of the Nampula District Assembly that
25,000 new cashew trees would be planted in preparation for the upcoming
cashew season (1986-1987).

It was also decided that by the start of the said season, 428,571 cashew trees
would be trimmed "to ensure a good level of cashew marketing.”

Concerning cereals, the deputies to the District Assembly promised to do
everything possible to market 10,937 tons of "mapira," rice, sunflower,
peanuts, sesame, manioc, corn, and vegetables.

The goals are distributed evenly among the nine localities making up the
Nampula District. On this subject, Administrator Narciso Iounlele emphasized
that "to ensure achievement of these goals, it is not enough for us to be
peasants and workers: we must be soldiers, even without politicomilitary
training, because at this moment the enemy is establishing his own goals for
making the achievement of our goals impossible."

In addition to studying the communique dated 5 March from the Political Bureau
of the FRELIMO Party Central Committee, the deputies to the District Assembly
approved a resolution banning "the unrestrained roaming of domestic animals
such as kid goats, cattle, and pigs through the administrative centers of the
district and the localities, which endangers the lives of motorists and
damages the inhabitants' crops."

The resolution says that the owners of those animals will be subject to fines
and required to pay for damage done to the inhabitants' crops. Fines will
range from 3,000 to 6,000 meticals, while the amount of damages to be paid
will be determined by the damage done. However, "payment of damages does not
exempt the animal's owner from paying the fine imposed."

The assembly made the police responsible for enforcing compliance with the
measure, which will be preceded by a people's enlightenment campaign to be
carried out by the deputies in their localities.

During the same session, the deputies elected the district election committee
and established the district-wide Election Organization Office to be in charge
of coordinating the preparatory work for the second general elections, which
will be held during the second half of this year.

11798
CSO: 3442/223

25



"It is a unique struggle where a group...of workers separated by thousands
of miles were able to remain united in their struggle against arbitrary
and unilateral retrenchments" the union statement said.

A spokesman for Foschini, Mr J.B. Corlett, confirmed that a settlement
between CCAWUSA and Foschini had been reached.

Mr Corlett said Foschini "could not entertain" CCAWUSA's request to
reinstate 210 retrenched workers because it would have "resulted in the
company having a staff surplus to its organizational requirements."

Other demands made by the union--that included job sharing--could not
be met as it was not possible to operate a retailing business effectively
with such demands, Mr Corlett said.

"Foschini runs its business in the manner in which they, as experienced
retail merchants, deem appropriate in the best interest of its
shareholders, staff and customers and all other organizations who are
associated with them," Mr Corlett said.

Stores affected by the five-week strike included Foschini, Pages, Markhams
and American Swiss Jewellers.

/12624
cso: 3400/1905

91



COMMISSIONER TAYE UNDERSCORES ROLE OF PARAMILITARY

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 9 May 86 p 8

[Article by Gus D. Jaeploe]

[Text]

Immigration Commis
sioner Edwin J. Taye
has called on para-mi-
litary , personnel
throughout the country
to adequately protect
the lives. and proper-
ties of the Liberian
people by preserving
the security of the
state.

Speaking during the
first in-service gra-
.duation- ceremony of 46
police and immigration
officers - held Wednes—
day at the National

Police Academy in
Paynesville, near Mon-
rovia, Commissioner

Taye said para-mili-
tary. personnel should
begin to béar arms in
defense of the state
and not against
constituted authority.
He told the gradua-
tes (comprising 20
police instructors and
26 immigration offi-
cers) that they should
at- all times use
their professional
knowledge in the su-
/12828
CSO: 3400/1950

preme interest of the
state to avoid the re-

currence of another
Novéhber 12, 1985. t
Speaking earlier,

Deputy Justice Minis-

ter for. Administration:

and Public © Safety,
Counsellor William K.
Godfrey,
fhe grajuates not to
luse their profession
against the interest
of the Liberian peo-
ple. ;

Minister Godfrey who
deputized for Justice
Minister Jenkins
Scott, urged the
para-military officers
to be on the alert as
they go about their
respective duties with
the interest of the
staté at heart.

He urged them not to
use the acquired skill
to undermine their su-
periors but to pro-
tect ‘the lives and
properties of the Li-
berian people.

Also speaking during
the occasion, Prince
N. Tomeh, an immigra-
tion officerand presi-
dent. of the first in-

cautioned .

’ Arieh

JPRS“SSA~86-069

7 July 1986

LIBERIA

service class, appeal-
ed to authorities to
provide. opportunities
for para-military per-
sonnel to pursue
‘training abroad.

_He then appealed to
his ‘colleagues to ex-
hibit professionalism
and dedication in the
cause of duty.

Certificating the
graduates, Lt. Col.
Benedek Yochana and
Major Gad Liberman, who.
are both Teraeli. in-
structors, reminded.
the participants to
do the best to main-
tain peace and - tran-
quility in the so-
ciety despite present
conditions facing: the
nation. L

The occasion Was!
attended by an array
of officials including
Israeli Ambassador
Ivtsan, along
with top brass of the
Liberia National poli-
ce and the Bureau of,
Immigration.



SOUTH AFRICA

PRIVATE SCHOOL PARENTS RESOLVE TO IDENTIFY WITH 'STRUGGLE' f
MBO10610 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0500 GMT 1 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, May 31, SAPA--A meeting of parents of children at
private schools today unanimously accepted a resolution resolving to
identify themselves with the present struggle in education and to call for
the closure of private schools on June 16.

The urgent National Education Crisis Committee (NECC) meeting in the
Central Methodist Church in Johannesburg was called in an attempt to involve
parents and students in an attempt to resolve the problem of private

school pupils' and parents' involvement in the present educational crisis.

About 300 parents and pupils, teachers and headmasters--of all race groups-~
from private schools attended the meeting chaired by Professor Ismail
Mohammed.

The meeting was addressed by Mr Vusi Khanyile of the Soweto Parents’
Crisis Committee, the president of students’ representative council of
St Barnabus (a private school in Bosmont). Mr Sebastian Mokae and a
spokesman for the Transvaal Student Congress (TRASCO). :

The meeting, attended by about 300 people, unanimously adopted a resolution
for all private schools to close on June 16--named National Youth Day

by the NECC meeting in Durban at Easter-~and a resolution resolving to
“identify with the aspirations and ideals of the educational struggle."

This resolution also resolved to appoint a steering committee which would
meet bi-monthly and initiate and co-ordinate meetings between parents-
teachers' associations and the NECC.

The NECC call to all people for a national stayaway on June 17 and 18 was
not endorsed after the headmaster of St Barnabus, Mr Michael Corke,
proposed that the initial call for the closure of private schools on
June 16 has a chance to be accepted while-the call for a stayaway on

all three days would be rejected. .

74



"People differ so fundamentally that it is impossible to see them as
a whole," Mr Stofber said.

Holding aloft a copy of the ANC's Freedom Charter, he said the charter
was an “out and out" Communist document and was being circulated
freely around the country.

While he had no objection to Communist writings being available in libraries,
where people could see who their enemies were and what methods they used,
the Freedom Charter was being spread as propaganda.

“terrorists are being allowed to make propaganda in this country," Mr
Stofberg said.

South Africa was in a crisis which could explode at any moment.

"Tt is a crime against South Africa that this document can be circulated."

He said Mr Botha should instruct the appeal poard to take into account
the "content, motives and aims" of publications when evaluating them.

112624
cso: 3400/1905

80



This statement was officially denied by Mahamat Abdel Kerim, representative of
Goukouni Oueddei's opposition movement in Cotonou: “People who say that are
trying to harm the Beninese authorities, who fully support the GUNT." "It is
a transit camp for Chadian refugees,” he explained, “which was opened in 1983
when Nigeria expelled several thousand people.” At the time between 5,000 and
6,000 people passed through Seme. Then most left, returning to Nigeria, or
going to Cameroon, Burkina, or Libya. If somebody wants to go to Libya you
cannot stop him, and many Chadians have relatives there. The lattter have to
telex the Libyan embassy in Cotonou to certify that the refugee who wishes to
go to Tripoli will have a job.

“The Libyans demand a work contract and a Libyan residence permit. Only after
that do they grant a visa. There are as many Chadians.in Libya as in the
countries which border Chad. So the human potential exists in Libya. It just
requires a call from President Oueddei for the chadians to.rally. So we do
not need to bring infighters from outside."

Abdel Kerim denied everything: that the GUNT troops suffered military
setbacks when the fighting resumed in Chad last February; that there is a
“cotonou connection” which, according to Ndjamena, recruits “cannon fodder“
which is sent via Libya to fight in northern Chad; that there were clashes
last year between Libyans and GUNT elements.

Of course, he admitted, there may have been “minor problems," or even
“clashes, as sometimes happens in barracks," but nothing serious happened.
Moreover, "we have friendly cooperation with Libya which can be broken off at
any time if anybody goes too far." For good measure, Abdel Kerim, who enjoys
“diplomatic privileges and advantages without having diplomatic.status" in
Cotonou, said that on 5 March French Jaguar planes bombed GUNT units, causing

the fighters "serious chemical injuries," and that, without this intervention,
they “could have gone all the way to Abeche."

They Are Hungry

Diplomats in Cotonou have a very different idea of Seme Camp and of the role
played by Libya. According to various reports obtained in the Benin capital,
the Chadians arrive at Seme and leave.in successive waves, after stays of
seveal weeks or even two or three months. They apparently leave for Tripoli
either at night on Libyan airlines Ilyushin-76 planes or on the Acroflot
flight which flies the Cotonou-Tripoli-Odessa-Moscow route each week.
According to the same sources, in the first week of April two Libyan planes
apparently provided a shuttle service to bring in a contiongent of “refugees”
in civilian clothing.

According to the norms laid down by the UN High Commission for Refugees [HCR],
the camp comes under the Benin Government's authority. In fact, aside from
the detachment of gendarmes who maintain "law and order,” the administration
and running of the camp seem to be carried out by GUNT representatives in

Cotonou, who have Libyan funds.

When they arrive at Seme, the “refugees” have nothing: "They have no money,
no identity papers, and they are hungry. They do nothing in the camp, they



The memorandum concludes that it is not a premise of the memorandum that
all children abused and maltreated are necessarily innocent of any misdeeds.

The conclusion by national vice president, Mrs Joyce Harris said "the
kind of treatment to which children are subjected by the authorities
is utterly reprehensible, totally unacceptable and indiscriminately
applied irrespective of any possible guilt".

She said in most countries "children are protected and nurtured, for
they are the country's future. Here they are attacked."

The memorandum has been published as part of a focus on children to
coincide with International Childrens Day, which was observed yesterday.

The police statement said:

"Many visits to those in custody by a number of different officials
ensure that the scope for all-treatment is non-existent or, at the
worst, very limited indeed.

"The Black Sash must have realized that the police would not be able
to test the allegations, due to the fact that they were made anonymously
and that other details such as places, dates and times were totally lacking.

"The theme is nothing new. In the past, other organizations have
endeavored to discredit the SAP by making unsubstantiated allegations about
police ill-treatment of children in custody.

"None of these allegations could be proved in a court of law and the public
will no doubt by now recognize these attempts for what they are.

"We reiterate our statements of the past, that if anybody is of the
opinion that there is legal cause for complaint, affidavits can be made
available to the police for proper investigation."

/12624
CSO: 3400/1905

78



JPRS*SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

BLACK BUSINESSMEN URGED TO PLAY ROLE IN REFORM--Durban, June 5, SAPA--Black
businessmen had an important role to play in bringing about reform, the director
of the Free Market Foundation, Mr Leon Louw, said in Durban today. Opening the
annual conference of the Inyanda Chamber of Commerce, Mr Louw said black
traders could influence the government to change the present system--and he did
not believe that change would be brought about by student movements, trade
unionists or the "radical" political parties. He urged businessmen to join the
political throng and to request government to apply the principle of
"equivalence"--meaning that laws applying to black areas should also apply to
white areas. Mr Louw said traders should encourage deregulation and call for
privatization, thus creating opportunities to take part in transportation and
other entrepreneurial activities. He said people in Natal and KwaZulu stood

a better chance for a free democracy and felt that local people should decide
on matters related to housing, schools and transport. They should articulate
and identify what they favored and then bring them to the notice of the govern-
ment. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1133 GMT 5 Jun 86 MB]/12766

cso: 3400/1907 END

104



JPRS*SSA-86~069
7 July 1986

Reactions to Report
MB091221 Johannesburg International Service in English 1100 GMT 9 Jun 86

[Excerpts] Reaction has been received on the call by South Africa's
business leaders on the government to introduce a new constitutional dispen-
sation in which blacks will have direct representation. The call, by about
700 businessmen of all races, is made in the final report of Project Free
Enterprise, which was released today.

The chief executive of the Association of Chambers of Commerce, Mr Raymond
Parsons, says the project is relevant in the current constitutional debate

in South Africa. Mr Parsons said the association was seeking a new constitu-
tion which would, among other things, protect individual property and
(2contractual rights) within a private enterprise economy. The identification
of the principles of a market-orientated economy rather than those ofa
socialist system would enable black South Africans to present their case for
the removal of statutory discrimination.

The director of the Anglo~American Corporation, Mr Zac de Beer, said the
proposals put forward in Project Free Enterprise would enable power sharing
to be accompanied by better living standards for all in South Africa within a
free enterprise system. Mr de Beer said all were aware of how years of
apartheid had caused many black South Africans to reject the economic and
political system. He said the [word indistinct] of the situation has to be
communicated to all.

/9716 _
cso: 3400/1959

89



Whether they were amended or not, approval of the bill, as well as the
proposed internal Security Amendment Bill, would forcibly jettison the
country into a new era of permanent martial law.

The recent state of emergency had shown what the regulations that would
accompany the declaration of an unrest area would be.

"Our white citizenry will be kept ignorant of the violent activities of
the police and will be led to believe that unrest is but a passing phase,"
he said.

"The regulations will grant special powers of search, arrest or detention
and interrogation to the police...there will be more deaths in custody...and
of course they will ensure indemnity to the police in respect of whatever
actions they take."

The minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, interjected this was untrue.

Mr Dalling replied he was saying what he believed the regulations would
consist of and that the government's track record was "appalling".

"This adds up to an official, government-approved, licence to beat up
and kill, a licence to organize vigilante groups; a licence to
terrorize entire communities-~-as in Crossroads, as in Alexandra...it is
a form of state of emergency without having to declare on," he said.

The amendments to the bill which Mr Le Grange announced in his second
reading speech, did not change the PFP's attitude to the measures.

The assurances given by the minister on the detainees rights were not
binding on his successor and should have been included in the legislation.

The deletion of the clause excluding courts of laws jurisdiction was welcome,
"but the right of intervention is still in fact very limited.

"The courts are once again being rendered almost powerless to intervene
on behalf of aggrieved individual citizens."

Mr Dalling rejected arguments the measures were temporary, saying that
since 1950, not one of the "strong-arm" provisions put on the statutes
had been repealed.

The introduction of the bill and the "frenetic, almost obscene attempts
by the state president to push it through with the next few days,"
indicated firstly Mr P.W. Botha had "basically abandoned the concept of a
negotiated solution to the South African constitutional problem."

"In deciding to ignore the real black majority and its leadership, the
African National Congress, the government is forced to take and use powers
which will enable it to rule, not by agreement, nor by consent, but

rather by physical and violent suppression."

57



JPRS“SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REACTIONS TO INTERNAL SECURITY AMENDMENT BILL
PFP MP Criticizes Bill
MB021438 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1410 GMT 2 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assenbly, Jun 2, SAPA--A bill giving police wider powers

to combat unrest showed the government had decided to address conflict

with oppression and violence rather than negotiation, Mr Tiaan van der Merwe
(PFP [Progressive Federal Party] Green Point) said today.

Opposing the second reading of the Public Safety Amendment Bill, he said
it had the potential to aggravate the situation in the townships to the
point of no return.

Mr Van der Merwe moved as an amendment that the bill be read "this day
six months."

He said that, while the bill did not greatly extend the provisions of
existing security legislation, its "greatest disaster" was in its symbolism.

It suggested a "cynical" order of priorities by the government--"that they
are not as much concerned by death and destruction as by political
inconvenience and an unfavorable business climate."

The bill sought to give the police the same powers they had during the
state of emergency without the "political inconvenience" of declaring
one.

"The bill suggests a very forlorn belief by the government that the
international community will be bluffed by this semantic trick and that
business confidence will respond more favorably.

"No one is going to be bluffed," Mr Van der Merwe said.

The bill reflected the "paranoia" of the government in its belief that
every manifestation of unrest was communist-inspired.

This prevented the government from addressing the real problems of the

country and gaining a true perspective of the nature of the conflict
and how it ended in violence.

53



/12828

CSO:

3400/1950

The Business
Caucus is still

“banned.

Student poli-
tics on campus-
es, including
UL. was banned
after the 1980
military coup
d'etat which
brought the de-
funct . People's
Redemption Cou~
ncil to power.

Since the re-
turn .to civi-
lian rule last
January, stu-
dents, particu-
larly those at
the University
of Liberia,

vhave been advo-

cating for the
restoration: of
student poli-
tics.

Some students
have since an-

nounced the
formation of
political

parties to

participate in
elections for
the UL student
leadership.

15



In his affidavit, the minister said it was not his function to tell the
applicants of the tribunal's results.

He said when the tribunal recommended to him their release in April last
year, he did not comply with the recommendation because he believed that,
having had regard to the necessity of preserving public safety and public
order in the country, the men should not be released.

The minister's affidavit said that he did not believe the court was compe—
tent to declare the detention orders signed by him to be of no force or

effect.

/6091
cso: 3400/1924

44



JPRS«SSA~867069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

LOWER INTERESTS, TAXES RECOMMENDED TO STIMULATE ECONOMY
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 9 May 86 p 10

[Text] The most recent lowering of the bank rate and the resultant drops in
bank lending rates and the bond rates of construction companies are aimed at
breathing new life into the struggling South African economy.

They must definitely not be regarded as the only measures to be taken. Much
more will be necessary to stimulate the economy and commerce and to make the

wheels of industry run smoothly again.

One of the greatest single problems remains the lack of trust among business
people. In some regions there is doubt now whether this year the economy will
succeed in growing by the approximately three percent that was contemplated.

Speedy solutions are not possible. Given the nature of things, the political
unrest in the country must first be brought under control. The feeling is in-
deed now beginning to take strong roots that the government can accomplish
more by deliberate economic measures.

Basically little is wrong with the economy. The high rate of inflation indeed
remains a bottleneck, but that need not stand in the way of more rapid growth
either. In this fashion, the partial repayment of the nation's foreign debt
has been solved to everyone's satisfaction.

The time is now ripe for greater growth, and a combination of lower interest
rates and tax rates looks like the best solution. Interest rates are already
dropping, and now it is the turn of lower taxation to steer us through the
troubled waters.

The Margo Commission is looking into this, but in the meantime the treasury
might give serious consideration to the thought that the 1980 loan levy of some
300 million rands has already been repaid, now rather than next year.

Furthermore, consideration may be given to still another lowering of gasoline
prices, while the sales tax can also be lowered.

The most important thing is to get the economy going again as soon as possible.
This can be best accomplished by putting more money in the consumer's pocket-

48



JPRS«SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK SASH REPORT DETAILS POLICE ABUSE OF CHILDREN
MB021811 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1711 GMT 2 Jun 86

[Text] Cape Town, Jun 2, SAPA--A memorandum detailing the suffering of
children at the hand of authorities has been released in Cape Town by the
Black Sash.

The memorandum, based on affidavits from children, contains allegations
of torture by electric shocks, sjambokking, beatings and unprovoked
shooting by the police.

In a statement today, the Police Public Relations Directorate in Pretoria
emphatically denied that children in custody.are assaulted or abused
"in any mannér",.

One 17-year-old describes in an affidavit how he "felt metal clips being
attached to each of his wrists".

"There followed a series of electric shocks which ran up my arms and
caused great pain. This treatment lasted for five minutes."

In another sworn statement a sixteen-year-old describes how whilst in
Diepkloof near Johannesburg he was "hit on the back with a baton, I
was kicked,’ I was sworn at and verbally abused..."

A 15-year-old in a signed statement alleged he was "beaten up with sjamboks
and batons byiabout six policemen, They hit me in my face over my head
and chest. I was thereafter taken to Mamelodi police station (in Soweto)."

A 13-year-old in a signed statement he was sent by his mother to buy mealie
[corn] meal and meat at about 5pm on July 31 last year.

"When I was finished at the butcher...some black policemen came to me,
held me and started beating me saying that I am one of those breaking

up the buses... they threw me into the back of the van and took me to the
police station...while we were in custody we were beaten up continuously
until some of us finally agreed to make a statement admitting have stoned
buses".

77



TREASON TRIAL JUDGE RECEIVES NEW ASSIGNMENT

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 13 May 86 pp 1, 4

[Text]

/12828
cso:

Mr. Eugene Hilton,
who presided over the
controversial treason
trial, has been induc-
ted into office as
resident judge of the
llth Judicial Circuit
for Bomi County by As-
soctate Justice Fre-
iderick Tulay, on be-
half of Chief Justice
James N. Nagbe.

During the ceremony
at the weekerd, Jus-
tice Tulay also com-
missioned Mr. J. Soko
Brown as Debt Court
judge for Bomi County.

Mr. Tulay admonished
the two judicial of-
ficials to dispense

3400/1952

justice at all time
under all circum-
stances.

He pointed out that
it was imperative upon
judges. to practice
justice to the letter.

He called on the ci-
tizens of Bomi County
to work cooperatively
within the framework
of the constitution
so that justice would
prevail in their bid
to bring speedy deve-
lopment to their coun-
ty.

In separate remarks,

Judges Hilton . and
Brown descrihed their
appointments as a

"challenge", and pro~
mised "to do every~
thing in order to jus-
tify the confidence
reposed in them by go-
vernment ."

10

JPRS«SSA+86~069
7 July 1986

LIBERIA



JPRS“S54~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

BLACK-ON~BLACK KILLINGS RISE--Comprehensive figures published in the book
claim that 725 Blacks were killed in politically-based action between August
last year and May this year. Of them, 358 were killed in security force
action, but 417 were Blacks killed by Black radicals. Significantly, the
figures show a growing gulf between the numbers killed in security force
action and in Black radical action in the past few months. For instance in
March, 87 Blacks were killed by Blacks, compared with 57 by security forces
in May, 58 Blacks were killed by Blacks compared with 11 by security force
action. Between May 1 and 18, 35 were killed by Blacks and 12 in security
force actions. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Jun 86 p 12]
19274

cso: 3400/1930

52



SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Reactions to Internal Security Amendment Bill
(SAPA, various dateS) ....csseccsecvccccccccccscerecccsoses

PFP MP Criticizes Bill

PFP's Gastrow on Revolutionaries, Activists
PFP's Dalling Predicts Rule by Police
Hendrickse Says Detainee Safeguards Needed
Opposition Leader Opposes Bill

CP, HNP Criticize Heunis Move

PFP MP Says Bill Show 'Ungovernability'
PFP's Suzman Condemns Bills
Anti-Apartheid Groups Condemn Bills
Repression Monitoring Group Criticism
DPSC Opposes Amendment

Jewish Organization Opposes Amendment

Groups Oppose Government Ban on 16 June Commemorations
(SAPA, 4, 5 Jun 86) .......

NUSAS Condemns Ban
SACC's Naude Reacts

'Necklacing' Called Ritual Political Tool
(Chris Erasmus; CAPE TIMES, 28 May 86) csccccserescccceees

Private School Parents Resolve To Identify With 'Struggle'
(SAPA, 1 Jun 86) .scscecseccesccvscssececccescssceeseenes

Black Sash Report Details Police Abuse of Children
(SAPA, 2 Jun 86) socescsecceecencseeccsecesscereseescesees

PFP MP Opposes Publications Amendment Bill
(SAPA, 5 Jun 86) vesceecscceccecerarceteseeeceeeeretserees

Reportage on Reaction to AMCHAM Ideas on Race Laws
(SAPA, 3, 4 Jun 86; Johannesburg Domestic Service,

6 Jun 86) wesccsccececscncccncecsereceerceccesceeeccceeeee

Series of Suggestions Outlined
AMCHAM Denies Supporting 'Civil Disobedience’
Commentary Says AMCHAM Memo Harmful

Businessmen's Project Free Enterprise Report Released
(SAPA, 8 Jun 86; Johannesburg International Service,

9 Jun 86) cececscccccecscncccvcuceccscecesecnsscesecseeces

Research Leader Comments
Warning on Black Industrial Sabotage
Reactions to Report

-da-

70
70
70
72
74
77
79
81

81

84

86
86

89



It said in a statement. since no court may challenge the minister's decisions
"we fear for the rule of law and the processes of justice." boos

The public would be denied "recourse to justice" should be power of the
police and defence force be abused.

The organization also opposed the amendment to Section 50 of the
Internal Security Act, which will allow detention without trail for a
period of 14 days to 180 days, the statement added.

"Such curtailment of individual freedom flies in the face of all the
teachings about justice which infuse our religion."

The JBJ is holding a public meeting to protest against the proposed
legislation on Sunday June 8 at HOD Hall, Gardens Road, Orchards,
Johannesburg, at 9pm.

Speakers will include Dr Max Coleman of the Detainee Parent Support
Committee.

112624
CSO: 3400/1906

69



JPRS*SSA+86-069
7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

NAMPULA ADMINISTRATOR STRESSES IMPORTANCE OF TAX COLLECTION

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 May 86 p 8

[Text] (AIM)--The administrator of the Nampula District, Narciso Joao
Tounlela, said recently in Rapale, the administrative center of that district,
that "the basic task of an administrator, whether the administrator of a
locality or a district, is to be strict about compliance with government
programs in his area of responsibility."

Narciso Iounlele, who was speaking at the close of the 12th session of the
Nampula District Assembly in Rapale, said that in all of the district's
localities, "taxes must be collected because it is with tax money that the
government will restore roads and build infrastructure in the public

interest."

He criticized the fact that many local administrators do not demand
collection.

The local administrator is a crucial element in the success of political,
economic, and social work at the grassroots level. If the administrator "does
his job correctly, there will be regular tax collection from the inhabitants,"

he said.

"The local administrators must go into all sectors of activity. They must not
send middlemen--they must go in person to verify that the government 's
instructions are being carried out," emphasized the administrator of Nampula,
who added that "this district has an abundance of 'mapira,' rice, peanuts, and
corn, and it has an industrious population, but it lacks correct guidance on
the part of its leaders.”

The district directors were also mentioned in Narciso Joao Iounlela's speech.
He said that they "must be active in fulfilling their obligations."

The administrator said: "The district director of home trade must always visit
the warehouses to look at the invoices covering products received and check on
the distribution of those products to keep them from getting into the black

market."

24



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

In an analysis of the bills, which amounted to "the potential imposition
of a permanent state of emergency", the group said:

"The government is saying that they liked the advantage of the state of
emergency-type laws so much that they want them permanently but that by
cloaking them in a different legal guise they will be able to fool the
international financial markets into believing that nothing is really
happening while they go about their task of crushing all opposition."

Particular attention needed to be focused on two aspects of the Public
Safety Amendment Bill, it said.

Firstly, it specifically placed no limitation "whatsoever" on the ability
of the minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, to make regulations
that appeared "necessary" or "expedient" to deal with any circumstances
which "have arisen or are likely to arise".

Secondly, it allowed Mr le Grange to "apply to any area the present
measures relating to detention "meet their need for a measure to act
effectively against those persons concerned in unrest", the RMG said.

"An estimated 18,980 persons were detained last year, 2,387 of these
under the ISA [Internal Security Act].

"Detention without trial has left in its wake 61 deaths last year.

"An average of 52 people were detained every day and we are now being
told that the present detention measures are inadequate."

It was feared that if ISAB became law, it would be used more extensively
than any of the other ISA detention provisions.

"When P.W. Botha (The state president, Mr P.W. Botha) opened parliament
he said: In a world where freedom is becoming increasingly rare,
our country today is a symbol of the expansion of freedom.

"One would be hard pressed to unearth a statement more devoid
of truth," it said.

DPSC Opposes Amendment
MB040615 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0105 GMT 4 Jun 86
[Text] Johannesburg, Jun 4, SAPA--The detainees Parents Support Committee
[DPSC] has come out strongly against the proposed Public Safety Amendment
Bill and the Internal Security Amendment Bill currently before parliament.
The new Public Safety Bill will give the minister of law and order the power
to declare an "unrest area" on the basis of his opinion that disturbance

is occurring or may be occurring in that area. The declaration can continue
for three months and can be extended thereafter by the state president.

67



JPRS«SSA~867069
7 July 1986

CP, HNP Criticize Heunis Move
MB042013 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1931 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Jun 4, SAPA--It would be a waste of time and
money to proceed with the second reading debate on the Internal Security
Amendment Bill as the debate would have to be repeated if the bill was

referred back to the Joint Standing Committee on Law and Order, .
the chief whip of parliament, Mr Alex van.Breda, said.today. . !

He was responding to opposition from the Conservative [CP] and
Herstigte Nasionale [Reformed National, HNP] Parties to a motion by
the acting leader of the House, Mr Chris Heunis, that the debate,
placed second on. the order paper today, be preceded by discussion
on items lower down’ the list.

Mr Heunis had moved the motion without notice immediately after the.
second reading of the Public Safety Amendment Bill was approved following
a division of the house. > .

Mr Jan Hoon, chief whip of the CP, objected, saying his party had only

been informed of the change at noon. Fellow members were unprepared as
they had made arrangements on the assumption that debate on the Internal
Security Amendment Bill would proceed as scheduled, he said. ; .

The CP wanted both this measure and the Public Safety Amendment Bill to
become law as soon as possible. : .

Mr Hoon asked if the reason for the delay was that the minister of law
and order, Mr Louis le Grange, was going to hold further talks on the bills
with the Houses of Representatives and Delegates.

He asked if a "deal" was being made with the Indian and colored
chambers to allow joint debates if they agreed to pass the two bills.

At this stage, the speaker, Mr Johann Creeff, called Mr Hoon to order.
"You may not say anything about that," Mr Greeff said.

Mr Alf Widman, PFP [Progressive Federal Party] whip, said his party
"sympathized" with the problems of Mr-van Breda in arranging priority
for the two bills and supported Mr Heunis motion.

"This bill is anathema to us, just as the Public Safety Amendment Bill is..:
we are more than happy it is not being discussed now...we hope it is
dropped from the order paper and never discussed."

Mr Brian Page, whip for the NRP [New Republic Party], also supported the
motion, saying that although the change had been made at short notice, the
correct procedure had been followed.

~~

60 |



CLASHES REPORTED IN BONG MINES OVER LAND OWNERSHIP

Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 12 May 86 p 8

[Article by Abdullah Dukuly]

[Text]

The dispute
as to which of
two Head of
State's signa-
ture is valid’
over a land ow-
nership has led
to violent cla-
shes in Bong
Mines, result-
ing in the dea-
th of a 70-year
old man.

The dispute
over the parcel
of land is be-
tween two par-
ties--Varney
Fahnbulleh who
holds a 1962
deed signed by
late President
William v.S.
Tubman and Bla-
ma Sando whose
1983 document
carries the si-
gnature of then
Head of State
and now Presi-
dent, Dr. Sa-

muel Kanyon
Doe.

/12828

csO: 3400/1952

According to
eye-witness ac-—
counts, Mr.
Sando is alleg-
ed to be claim-
ing the parcel
of land measur-
ing eight acres
on which Mr.
Fahnbulleh is
presently occu-
pying. The land
is located at
Varney's Town,
Bong Mines.

And last week
Wednesday, po-
lice raid car-
ried out in the
village at Bong

Mines resulted
in the sudden
death of
70-year old
Varney Kamara

and the evacua~
tion of several

inhabitants.
Mr. Varney
Kamara died the
same day, mo-
ments after the
police
tedly prounced
on him. He was
said to be sit-
ting on his

17

repor-"

praying mat,
saying his pra-
yers when he
was attacked.
The episode
eccurred during
a police opera-

tion in which
several homes
were ransacked

and many inha-
bitants were
rendered home-
less.

One of the
worst victims
was Mr. Mamadee
Kamara, the son

of the late
oldman Varney
Kamara.

Mamadee is

a sub-contrac—
tor for’ the
Bong Mining
Company, and
was said to be
in the process
of paying some
workers when
the dreadful
incident flared
up. .He repor-
tedly lost

-nearly $70,000

in the process.

JPRS“SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

LIBERIA

Meanwhile,
the land has
been turned
over to Mr.
Sando by the
police who re~
portedly acted
"without resort
to court
order".

Meantime, the
security per-
sonnel at Bong
Mines. have re7
mained non-com—
mittal to the
issue.


Many leaders of Mr Smith's party are known tobe unhappy about the total lack
of communication between themselves and the ruling party, believing whites
.must accept the advent of one-party rule as inevitable. Mr Mugabe has
announced firm plans to rescind the 20 seats reserved for whites in ‘the House
of Assembly when 1980 Lancaster House constitutional guarantees lapse next
year.

Zimbabwean-born Mr Duke, 52, received his ruling ‘party membership’ card at a
ceremony at the ZANU (PF) Headquarters today.

A former civil service: geologist,'he has’ been’ an MP since’ last year's general
election in which he narrowly béat a candidate for the White Independent
Grouping, which generally supports Mr Mugabe's government.

Mr Duke said he found the occasion "rather embarrassing" and said he would
not like to go into the reasons for his defection. ‘

The ZANU (PF) deputy secretary for administration, Mr Nelson Mawema, com-
mented: "I am happy Comrade Duke has joined us. He becomes part of the
family."

Mr Mawema stressed that Mr Duke was constitutionally entitled to retain his
House of Assembly seat. To amend the constitution next year Mr Mugabe needs
70 votes. He holds 66 seats with the defection two months ago of a ZAPU
backbencher and there are five white independents.

The independents, who broke with Mr Smith four years ago, have been urging
the country's 40,000 remaining white voters to accept a compromise that will
allow special representation for interests such as farming, mining, industry
and commerce under a one-party constitution.

Mr Mawema said he believed other members of Mr Smith's party and of the
100,000 strong white community would now join ZANU (PF).

The CAZ organising secretary, Senator Terry Oatt, said he hoped Mr Duke “had
the moral courage to fight a by-election."

Asked about Mr Duke's defection, Mr Smith said he had been aware for some
time that there were "one or maybe two chaps who were a little bit worried."
There were great pressures upon members of parliament and Mr Duke was known
to be one of the more "susceptible."

Asked about the approaches between ZANU (PF) and the CAZ, Mr Smith would only
comment: "If we have contacts, if we are talking, I do not think this should

be done in public."

Talks on a merger between ZANU (PF) and Mr Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU stalemated
earlier this year.

Although the assent of whites to a new one-party constitution would not have
the international impact Mr Nkomo's agreement would carry, it would greatly

reduce criticism from the West.

34



JPRS«SSA-86~069
7 July 1986

"The bill symbolizes disaster for the country in the decision of the
government to address the most fundamental conflict with oppression and
violence rather than negotiation.

"The government still believes it-can extricate South Africa from conflict
by sheer means of violence."

Mr Van der Merwe said the past 18 months had seen the most extensive
application of force possible against civilians.

"I don't believe more extreme force could have been used without
wiping out the community."

The state of emergency had failed to stop increased political killings
and destruction.

"This is used by the government not to reconsider the oppressive
measures and consider other, more strategic measures, but merely to
repeat the mistakes of the past and the way that they proved
completely useless."

The state of emergency had not proved effective against the "real culprits"
of violence and political insurrection.

Instead, it had increased the "desperate degree of polarization" in society.

Tens of thousands of township people who had not supported any political
organizations in the past were now behind radical groups because they
felt they were being treated as the enemy by the security forces.

"The bill has the potential to aggravate this situation to the point
of no. return."

Mr Van der Merwe said the country could not continue with the "notion that
when the political conflict gets out of hand, the only solution is to
give more power to the security forces."

The bill would lead to the suspension of the important functions of
the courts and "sideline" parliaments role in making laws.

"This suggests a massive lack of confidence in these institutions.
It suggests they are no good."

The bill gave the police the right to decide what was right and wrong.

"Once this is done, how can we morally claim that parliament is a
relevant institution?"

Mr Van der Merwe said the former prime minister of Rhodesia, Mr Ian Smith,
had put on the statute book "every conceivable power to deal with his
political enemies".

54



JPRS“SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIDGE OVER NKOMATI RIVER TO BE BUILT WITH UNDP ASSISTANCE

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 9 May 86 p 8

[Text] A loan agreement covering construction of the bridge over the Nkomati
River and restoration of the Moamba-Sabie highway was signed in Maputo
yesterday by our country and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
The documents were initialed by Julio Zamith Carrilho, minister of
construction and water, and .Arturo Hein-Caceres, the UN system's
representative in Mozambique. Italian Ambassador Giorgio Testori was also

present.

The loan value totals $2.9 million, and an Italian road and bridge building
firm will be in charge of construction. Construction value is estimated at
$2.7 million, plus another 80,000 contos in national currency. The portion in
foreign exchange is being financed through a gift by the Italian Government
that is being channeled through the United Nations Disaster Relief Office,
whose headquarters are in Geneva.

The bridge to be built will be located near the old highway bridge that was
destroyed by tropical depression "Domoina" in 1983. It will be 275 meters
long and 8.5 meters wide. Its floor will be 2 meters above the maximum flood

level caused by "Domoina."

As far as the Moamba-Sabie highway is concerned, the connection between the
Moamba road and the bridge--a distance of about 6 kilometers--will be
asphalted, and the existing stretch of road beyond the bridge--which was also
damaged by the flooding and is also 6 kilometers long--will be resealed.

This new agreement brings the Italian Government's contribution to development
projects in our country over the past few years to about $5.8 million. Among
the other projects financed by Italy are the repairs to the railroad bridge
over the Umbeluzi River in Boane and the high-voltage line between Ressano-

Garcia and Maputo.

In the field of bridge construction and road rebuilding, this new financing
represents the largest amount devoted to the area south of the Save River
since national independence was won.

20



Mr Nel said that as far as the abolition of influx control was concerned
the government's recent measures had met the proposals put forward in the
report.

However it remained to be seen whether the government's policy of orderly
urbanisation would impose any controls over freedom of movement and property
ownership.

The ultimate objective of businessmen was the scrapping of the Group Areas
Act, unfettered freehold and freedom of movement for all, the report said.

To this end the government should announce a "sunset date" for the removal
of group areas so that the market forces of supply and demand could act as
control measures rather than the current rules and regulations.

Regarding education, the report proposed the government announce a date when
ethnic differentiation in schools would end.

This could be followed by a period in which segregated and mixed schools
co-existed, the government announced the intention to create one Ministry of
Education and encouraged incentives to establish private schools.

This process could then culminate in a single education policy under one
ministry, scholars and, parents having the freedom to choose which schools
to attend and control over schools being exercised by democratically elected
local authorities.

The report also recommended that the private sector get more involved in

the design of school curricula and that syllabuses shift from their
academic bias to include more vocational training. The extension of informal
education for "second chance learners" was encouraged.

A major feature of the report was its proposal for the creation of a class
of black entrepreneurs by the deregulation of small businesses.

It said this could be achieved by the:

--Lowering of health and safety standards.

--Reduction of minimum working hours.

--Reduction of minimum wages. .

--Businessmen deciding on their own hours of business.

--Elimination of licensing provisions.

--Introduction of. free trade areas for street vendors.

--Reduction of taxes which erode the capital base of small businesses.

A major characteristic of all the political proposals was the high degree
of consensus regarding their implementation on the part of businessmen, the
report said. .

"Many of. the proposals received overwhelming endorsements even though this
would have been most unlikely, given the profile of the participants, as

87



JPRS*SSA~86*069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

GOVERNMENT DECLARES RSA JOURNALIST 'UNDESIRABLE ALIEN'
MB111951 Johannesburg SAPA in Engiish 1910 GMT 11 Jun 86

[Text] Harare, June 11, SAPA--A South African journalist, Peter Welman, 45,
left Zimbabwe today after being declared an “undesirable alien" by Mr Robert
Mugabe's government.

Durban-born Welman was news editor of the RAND DAILY MAIL and the SUNDAY
EXPRESS-—both now defunct--before he emigrated to Zimbabwe five years ago
with his Zimbabwean-born wife, Peta Thorneycroft, who was also a well known
Johannesburg journalist.

Welman worked until earlier this year as a sub-editor for the HERALD, which
is controlled by the para-statal Mass Media Trust.

After taking up a post in Harare with the American news agency, the ASSOCIATED
PRESS, Welman was told that his permit to live and work in Zimbabwe was not
being renewed.

Lawyers were unable to convince officials that Welman had acquired the right

of permanent residence. A series of appeals and approaches to ministers
failed to gain a reprieve and he was given 48 hours to leave the country.

He and his wife left Harare by car with the intention of driving to Beit
Bridge.

Welman, who was highly respected by black colleagues both in South Africa
and the Frontline States, had never been involved in any controversy with
the Zimbabwean authorities.

No reason was given for his deportation.

Welman said that before being ordered out, he had his fingerprints taken
"like a common criminal."

/6091
cso: 3400/1924

41



b) Should not pay for those staff who are already registered

c) Pay the legal cost of those people (or companies) charged with offences

a) Monitor the situation to see what legislation is brought forward
as a substitute and to consider what action may be necessary.

2) Employees/migrants
It is recommended that companies:
a) Should give long term contracts to migrant laborers

b) Offer such laborers pension fund and other benefits to ensure their
permanence in the work place .

c) Arrange housing for the employee and family.

3) Housing:

@) In black areas endeavor to provide site and service accommodation or.
such alternative accommodation as may be possible to relieve the
overcrowded situation presently occurring in the hostels, homes and shacks

in the townships; and not necessarily to await administration board approval.

(B) In white areas, encourage the ‘slow movement of blacks into those’ areas.’

(4) Business:

(A) Arrange a front to be organized for blacks who wish to enter the
business world (e.g. shops) and more particularly in industrial areas.

(B) Arrange for funds to be made available for blacks wishing to get into
business--not necessarily for those who have the necessary permits/licences,
etc. .

(C) Encourage the informal sector--in particular develop informal markets
in white areas.

(5) Transport:

(A) For the labor force faced with the daunting task of travelling for
many hours to. and from work, provide alternative, but direct transport.

(B) Should.a person travel on a white bus or train, undertake to pay.
his legal costs.

(6) Health:

Should a person be refused admission to a hospital or ambulance because
of his color, take up the matter with the authorities and pay legal .costs.

82



JPRS*SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

He said the interests of the state had to be considered but safeguards
were essential to protect the rights of the individual which were paramount.

He was dedicated to "vigorous opposition" to communism but believed the
best way to counter it was to maintain a free democracy.

The decision to send the bill back to the standing committee was not
a delaying tactic but an attempt to improve the law. It was also not
an attempt to seek cheap publicity but was the only way to ensure that
the necessary safeguards would be built into the law.

"We cannot support the bill in this [?] form...we understand the present
situation and some of our members have been victims of attacks."

Detention without trial was practiced in the United States, Britain,
France and other Western countries and everyone accepted that something
had to be done about the security situation in South Africa.

He said his own detention for 60 days had left marks and he still
did not why he had been detained. [sentence as received]

"I was opposed to the system and to apartheid but I have never plotted
a revolution."

Opposition Leader Opposes Bill
MB051552 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1336 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] House of Representatives, Jun 5, SAPA--The Internal Security Amendment
Bill in its present form would not sever to stop the spiralling violence

in the country, the leader of the opposition, Mr Dennis de La Cruz, said
today.

Speaking in the second reading debate on the bill he said that the
government needed the enactment of the bill was an admission that they
needed to remove certain people from society to restore peace.

He asked whether peace could be obtained by removing from society people
who by their own convinctions were fighting for their rightful place
in that society.

Detention without trial was a violation of democracy and human dignity
and unacceptable in a Christian society.

"I owe it to the broken families who have lost loved ones because they did
not return from detention to oppose this bill in its present form.

"The ghost of Steve Biko stalks our society and haunts us inside and
outside the country. This is what we have done to people in detention
without trial."

Mr de la Cruz supported the amendment made by the Labor Party that the bill
be referred back to the Standing Committee on Law and Order.

59



JPRS«SSA~86~069
7 July 1986
(7) Education: ,

(A) Withhold support of those private schools who accept government subsidy
with its race quota:

(B) Support those private schools who reject the government subsidy
because of its race quota;

(C) Start more integration of private schools;
(D) Integrate white state schools.
(8) Sport and Recreation:

Press for the opening public swimming pools, public events, beaches,
clubs, parks.

(9) Legal:

In the event of a person being prosecuted or charged for breach of
legislation because of implementations of these suggestions, the legal -
fees should be covered.

Mr Leach said he did not see the proposals as disruptive but as being
"supportive of the change process" which is taking place in South Africa.

The decision to get the foundation to draw up an action document was taken
at a recent social justice committee meeting. It was aimed at "easing
the life of black employees," said Mr Leach.

AMCHAM Denies Supporting 'Civil Disobedience’
MB041426 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1340 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Jun 4, SAPA--The American Chamber of Commerce in
South Africa [AMCHAM] today denied it supported civil disobedience
in the country.

Mr Frank Lubke, president of AMCHAM, issued the following statement concerning
press reports "widely released" in this morning's newspapers: (text)

"AMCHAM does not now, nor has it ever, taken a decision to support a policy
of civil disobedience which should be followed by its member companies.

"Rather than make suggestions from a white perspective, our Social Justice
Committee requested a prominent black organization, the Get Ahead Foundation,
to highlight those areas of legislation that impact on and are matters of deep
concern to them.

"These were then mailed to our membership for their information without
any specific recommendation or endorsement of these proposals.

83



JPRS+SSA*86+069
7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

AGRICULTURAL TECHNICIANS TRAINED IN BEIRA

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 May 86 p 1
[Text] The first 24 agricultural extension technicians for Beira's greenbelts
have just completed their training in that city. The course, which lasted
about 1.5 months, constitutes the first step toward implementation of a rural
extension plan underway in the provincial capital of Sofala.

The purpose of the course was to train the agricultural technicians connected
with the MONAP-1 Project who are active in the city's greenbelts.

A source linked to the project says that their training was aimed especially
at preparing them to be more effective and committed in their. work of
increasing food production and improving the population's living conditions.

The basics of work planning and-organization,.: the-use of audiovisual methods
for communication, and agricultural retraining were included in the course.

With their course completed, the technicians will be motivated in their. work
through planned activities and a methodology permitting greater efficiency and
making it possible to serve more peasants, primarily in the -family. and
cooperative sectors but also private farmers. The hope is that these measures
will make it possible to increase the production of staple foods. :

A source connected with the sector emphasized, however, that to achieve that
objective, it is essential that there be coordinated and joint action with the
neighborhood motivation groups, the Organization of Mozambique.: Women, and
other organizations, whose support is considered basic.

The 24 technicians, 2 of whom belong to the Provincial Directorate of
Education and Culture, will be monitored and advised in their-work in - the
field “by a team of three rural extension:experts under the direction of | the
head of the Rural Extension Sector of the MONAP-1 Project and.the head of the
Technical Department of the city of ‘Beira’ s Greenbelt Office.

11798
CSO: 3442/223

28



Only the first company is operating properly. Aside from this Tripoli has
financed an Arabic language laboratory at the university (but there are almost
no students of Arabic) and is evisaging setting up an “Islamic center.”
Finally it is well-known that in the past Tripoli financed the purchase of
Soviet arms by Benin President Mathieu Kerekou's government and that Col al-
Qadhdhafi is still “giving aid" to the Benin revolution. For this reason the
Cotonou authorities are bound by a “duty to show solidarity" with Tripoli.
Does this mean that they are turning a blind eye to the “Cotonou connection?”

/12913
cso: 3400/1958



JPRS*SSA786~069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

TWO ARMY LIEUTENANTS APPLY FOR RELEASE
MB061810 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1751 GMT 6 Jun 86

{Text] Harare, June 6, SAPA--Two Zimbabwe national army lieutenants who were
detained in 1983 after being acquitted by the high court on treason charges
have applied for an order to be released.

Lieutenants Nicholas Nkomo and Tshaka Moyo were charged in the high court in
connection with arms of war unearthed on the properties of opposition leader
Mr Joshua Nkomo's ZAPU party allegedly cached for the purpose of overthrowing
the government, ZIANA news agency reports.

Their lawyer, Mr Bryant Elliot, yesterday asked Mr Justice Fergus Blackie to
order the release of his clients from detention.

He also asked the court to order that Mr Nkomo and Mr Moyo be present in
court when Mr Justice Blackie delivers his judgment. The judgment was post-
poned indefinitely.

In their affidavit, which called upon the minister of home affairs and the
director of Zimbabwe prisons to release them, the men said their detention
had been reviewed by the detention review tribunal in September 1983, but

were not told of the tribunal's recommendations.

They said their case was again reviewed in September 1984. The tribunal
recommended their release but the recommendations were not effected.

They told the court that although the tribunal had twice recommended that
they be released, they were still being kept in detention.

Mr Garikayi Mandizha, of the attorney-general's office, who appeared for the
minister of home affairs and the director of Zimbabwe prisons, said that the
men had appeared before a reviewing tribunal in September 1983 and September
1984 because there was a shortage of detention review tribunals.

He said although the men had been recommended to be released when they
appeared before the tribunal in 1984, the recommendations had not been car-
ried out because the president, acting in terms of a section under the
regulations, had directed the minister of home affairs not to effect the
recommendations.

43



lie on the ground and talk to each other all day,” according to a Beninese
soldier from Cotonou, who added that the Seme gendarmerie cannot obtain a list
of those it’has the job of guarding. The number of “residents” at Seme is
difficult to assess at present, because they are so widely scattered ina
huge, open area. According to local sources, there are "400," according to
Abdel Kerim there are "700," and according to the HCR well below 1,000.

The most recent census was carried out in May 1985. At that time there were
2,149 “Chadian refugees" in Cotonou city and 1,149 in Seme. Since then many
have left. When they arrived 27 percent of the Seme refugees (who came from
rural districts) were ill, and all explained that, after being expelled from
Nigeria, they had chosen Benin because that country offers greater security
than its neighbors. HCR emergency aid was distributed from November 1985 for
a period of six months: A total of $198,500 based on 3,600 recipients, in
other words $0.30 per person per day according to a theoretical calculation.
These funds are given to the Benin authorities in a lump sum, and they have
the task of distributing the aid through the Beninese Red Cross.

The HCR aid runs out at the end of May. ‘he HCR is worried about the “rumors”
that Seme camp is being used to recruit future GUNT fighters. A UN mission
arrived in Cotonou on 24 April to assess the situation with the authorities.
If this camp is being run by a political-cum-military organization like the
GUNT, the HCR will stop giving aid to the Chadian refugees.

What role is Libya playing? Diplomatic sources in Cotonou agree that Tripoli,
without which the GUNT would not be able to exist, closely controls the
"Cotonou connection.” “The Libyans are more or less at home here,” people
say. Although Beninese-Libyan cooperation is not very strong, the Tripoli
“diplomats use the system of bribes to secure silence about some of their
activities." The Libyan Jamahiriyah's “people's bureau” (embassy) has between
50 and 70 “official diplomats.”

Tripoli's "Businessmen"

It is not these diplomats who worry Western embassies in Cotonou, but rather
the Libyan "bussinessmen” who visit the capital and can be found at the
Sheraton Hotel. There are around 20 of them and the United States is trying to
follow their movements, as it does in other countries. Several of those who
pass through Cotonou have been reported in capitals where terrorist attacks
have been perpetrated before they arrive here.

The Beninese authorities, for their part, were worried about the activities of
Tripoli's diplomats in April and May 1985 during the student demonstrations at
Cotonou University. No official accusations were made against them, but
Colonel al-Qadhdhafi's representatives travel around a great deal and have a
lot of money.

Cooperation between Tripoli and Cotonou is limited to the formation of three
joint companies: Belipeche (fishing and marketing of fish caught by Libyan
trawlers in Beninese waters), Sabli (production and importing of meat), and
Belimines (mining).



At independence, I personally did not know that the party had adopted
scientific socialism as its official ideology and so I bought a farm in
. Headlands, he said.

But when he was reminded by the prime minister, Mr Robert Mugabe, at a
Central Committee meeting of the decision taken at Chimoio when he had been
in prison, I did not hesitate, I sold the farm, not to anyone else but to the
government, to ensure that the farm would not be sold to any of my relatives,
Mr Nyagumbo said.

But since then many leaders had acquired farms and other properties like
hotels, while some had gone into business. It has become very difficult -
because of this to implement the leadership code, the minister said.

Mr Nyagumbo, a veteran freedom fighter who spent almost 20 years in prison
during the liberation struggle, also disclosed that the party Central Com-
mittee would meet on 12 and 13 June and discuss the leadership code among
other issues.

He said a meeting of the Politburo was likely to take place earlier to dis-
cuss matters pertaining to the leadership code.

The prime minister disclosed in a statement to mark the third anniversary of
independence in 1983 that some leaders were acquiring property, thus violating
the principles of socialism. .

Addressing University of Zimbabwe students recently, Mr Mugabe said that
although leaders at all levels of the party, government and society were
people of the flesh, susceptible to the common human frailties of greed and
selfishness, this does not weaken our resolve to cleanse our leadership of
all those who refuse to live according to our: chosen ideology of socialism,
based on Marxist-Leninist teaching.

/6091

cso: 3400/1924

37



UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO PAY ADDITIONAL FEES

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 12 May 86 p 5

[Text]

University of Libe-
ria students whose tui-
tion and fees were not
increased last year
will be required to
make full payment dur-
ing registration for
academic 1986, Univer-
sity of Liberia Pre-
sident Joseph G. Mor-
ris announced here Wed-
nesday.

He said students who
are sponsored by Go-
vernment agencies and
individuals must ob-
tain their tuition from
their sponsors, or they
will be required to
pay at registration
and be ré-imbursed
whenever the. universi-
ty receives .payment
from such sponsors.

Dr. Morris’ announ-
cement was ‘contained
in his academic 1985
report delivered Wed-
nesday to President
Samuel K. Doe, visi-
tor of the university
and members of ‘the
“peard of trustees at

/12828
CSO: 3400/1950

the institution's 19-
85 commencement con-
vocation at the Unity
Conference Center in

Virginia.

He said there was
been "a sharp" de-
terioration in the

financial position of
the university since
the incident of August
22, 1984.

He said the situay
tion was further “ag-
gravated" by the abor-
tive invasion of No-
vember 12 last year
reached “disastrous
proportion" in acade-
mic 1985 with “serivus
consequences for the

university."
Dr. Morris reported
that .the university

was now at a "critical
crossboard," and stres-
*sed that unless “con-
crete steps are taken
to restore financial
support to the univer-
sity," "the quality of
programs would be
“compromised and the
fabric of the insti-
tution jeopardized."

Dr. Morris said the
university had made
“concerted efforts"
to -buttress govern~
ment's contribution

16

4+86°069

s-SS:
ape 1986

7 July

LIBERIA

toward the operational
costs of the institu-
tion.

He recalled in’ his
Yeport that. tuition
had been increased by
100 per cent for stu-
dents in the Louis
Arthur Grimes | School
of .Law and the A.M.
Dogliotti College of
Medicine.

Tuition for foreign
students tn the five
under-graduate cole
leges was also doubled
with no increase in
tuition for Liberian
students in those col-
sleges, the university
President said.

On enrollment at the

university, Dr. Mor-
ris’ said enrollment
has been “slightly
fluctuating over the
past years."

He said enrollinent
in 1981 was 3,h1l,

while it was 3,359 in
1982, but dropped to
2,933. in 1984. In 19-
85, enrollment which
stood at-2,998 at the
beginning of the year
declined by 8.2 per

cent of a net loss of
246.



JPRSagcy.

65,
7 July 1986 069

LIBERIA

RIOT POLICE DISPERSE EMPLOYEES AT LABOR MINISTRY
Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 13 May 86 p 1
[Article by Gabriel Williams]

{Text] Normal operations at one of government's largest entities, the
Public Works Ministry, came to a halt yesterday when armed riot police
entered the ministry's premises and ordered employees out of there.

The police action was prompted by the reported assembly of some employees
before the ministry's complex, complaining about their salary arrears
which have accumulated for the fifth month now.

SUNTIMES has learned that employees at Public Works, one of the nation's
professional ministries responsible for the construction and maintenance
of public facilities like roads and buildings, have not received their
salaries since January.

It was in the wake of their predicament that some of the employees reportedly
left their offices and assembled before the complex to discuss among them-

selves, when the riot squad later came and ordered them to disperse.

Some of the employees told the SUNTIMES that when the police entered the
compound, they ordered everyone to leave the area within 10 minutes.

There was, however, no violence or arrest during the process.
At the time our reporters visited the scene, all of the main gates leading
into the yard were closed, while armed police stood by to ensure that order

was maintained.

Few of the officials of the ministry who stood around at the time, and
the commander of the equad refused to comment.

Public Works Minister Yudu Gray is reported to be out of the country.

Quite recently, operations at a number of government entities have been
disrupted by employees in demand for their salary arrears.

11



CCAWUSA, Foschini Reach Agreement on Industrial Dispute
(SAPA, 4 Jun 86) .ececeeceececcncccccceccevercreserseecses

Reporter Sees Retrenchment as Key to Industrial Relations
(Claire Pickard-Cambridge; BUSINESS DAY, 29 May 86) ......

Briefs
Group Questions. Police Action
Israeli Contacts

ECONOMIC

Finance Minister Pessimistic on Economy
(SAPA, 2 Jun 86) ccceccececcnccccevcncsscesescesersascese

Nation's Private Institutions Accused of Causing Disinvestment
(Beulah Brown; BUSINESS DAY, 22 May 86) ..ssscececececeees

BER Figures Show Growing Unemployment Levels
(Claire Pickard-Cambridge; BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86) .....-

Weak Oil Price Affects Coal Export Picture
(Helga St Blaize-Molony; BUSINESS DAY, 30 May 86) .....+--

Commentary Says Falling Business Confidence Unfounded

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 2 Jun 86) .seeeeeeeseeeees
Briefs

"Cheaper To Import' Warning

Business Confidence Drops Further

New Shipping Markets Opening

Afrikaner Businessmen Told To Adapt

Non-Black Unemployment Rate Decreases 'Marginally'

Black Businessmen Urged To Play Role in Reform

/9987

90

92

93

93

94

96

97

98

100

102
102
102
103
103
104



JPRS*SSA+86~069
7 July 1986

The state of emergency declared last July "is now to be institutionalized
in the statute books as a permanent feature of apartheid rule," the
statement added.

The DPSC saw the main purpose of the introduction of section 50A of the
Internal Security Act was to provide for long term preventative detention
much longer than the 14 days provided for by Section 50.

"The authority to extend the detention beyond 48 hours is now in |
the hands of a police officer, not a magistrate, as in the case
of the current section 50."

The DPSC said that during 1985, 1924 people were detained under Section 50--
or 79 percent of all detentions under the Internal Security Act. .

It estimated that during the first four months of the state of emergency,
1200 people were held under Section 50.

"If Section 50A is used with the same frequency then concentration camps
will be needed to cope with the daily detainee population," the DPSC
said in a statement also issued at the conference.

Other organizations that condemned the proposed pills included CZSATU
(Congress of South African Trade Unions), Black Sash, End Conscription
Campaign, Johannesburg Democratic Action Committee, Transvaal Indian’
Congress, Media Workers Association of South Africa, Southern African
Society of Journalists, National Education Crisis Committee, National
Education Union of South Africa, NUSAS [National Union of South African
Students] and the Transvaal Students Congress.

Repression Monitoring Group Criticism
MC060624 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2045 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] Cape Town, Jun 5, SAPA--The 81 detentions which occurred on
average every day during the state of emergency could "become part,

of our everyday lives" if the Internal Security Amendment Bill [ISAB]
and the Public Safety Amendment Bill were passed into legislation, the
Repression Monitoring Group [RMG] said this week.

In a detailed report on the two bills, released at the national launch
of the ad-hoc committee opposing new repression bills, the RMG warned
that abnormal rule was not capable of producing normality in the country.

The internal’ ‘security amendment bill provided for detention under a .

new clause, séction 50A, of any person believed to be involved in
"unrest" for 180 days without trial.

66



Speaking at the ceremony for signing the agreement, Minister Julio Carrilho

expressed thanks for the gesture by the Italian Government and the specialized
agencies of the United Nations which had made construction possible. He added

that this project complements the cooperation between Mozambique and Italy on
projects that Italy is financing in that zone.

For his part, Arturo Hein-Caceres thanked the Italian Government for its
support of specific projects for our country's development.

11798
CSO: 3442/223

21



JPRS=SSA~86~069
7 July. 1986

LIBERIA

RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT RECEIVES HIGH PRIORITY FUNDING

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 9 May 86 pp l, 6

[Text]

The Nimba County Ru-
ral Development Pro-
ject (NCRDP) has been
given highest priority
by the Government of
Liberia in thedisburse-
ment of funds to agri-
cultural and rural de-
velopment projects in
‘the country.

i This priority is in
‘line with the agree-
ment réached by both
governments — and the
approach used by NCRDP
" The affirmation was
made Monday during ar
intensive National

Coordinating Committee
(NCC) meeting of the
NCRDP held” at Mahara
ja's Restaurant on Cen>
ter Street.

This meeting came
in the wake of an
alarm raised by the
Project. management that
the ‘project, is running
into a seriéus finan-
cial difficulties and
is likely to collapsé
or lay-off some needed
employees since it
cannot operate effec-
tively because of the
financial ‘constraints
facing government.

/12828
CSO: 3400/1949

The committee, in
reaction to the situa-
tion affirmed that the
Government of Liberia
is satisfied with the
project's approach and
would do everythingi
possible to support
NCRDP despite the tem~
porary financial. squee-
ze facing government. |

The Committee also

, disclosed that a gen-

tleman's agreement had
been reached with the
United States Agency
for International De-
velopment (USAID) to
give NCRDP preference’
in the disbursement
of funds from the PL-
480 rice program.
INCRDP' is jointly
financed by the Go-
vernments’ of Liberia
and Germany. Salaries
of Liberian project
staff are paid by GOL,
while all other opera-
tional expenses are
borne by the “German
Government.
Discussing further,
the Committee éxpres-
sed dissatisfaction
over a feasibility
study which had been
rejected at the draft
and final presentation

to Government and yet
did not come up with
recommendations to
satisfy both parties,
especially the Liber-
ian side who are the
beneficiaries.

' In view of this, the
‘Committee has empower-
ed the Ministry of Ag-
xiculture as Chair- |
man of the NCC, to let
the balance fees dué
the consultants be
paid ‘despite the delay
and dissatisfaction
raised, and to request
the continuation in
discussing the study
with the German bank
directly.

The conclusion of
the study as well as
the pending planning
Workshop which is of
no additional finan-
cial burden to govern-
ment, would serve as
the basis for imple-
mentating Financial
Assistance Programmes
during Phase II/2 of
the project which is
expected to commence
July 1 this year.



JPRS*S8A-86~069

7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

NOVA MAMBONE SALTWORKS SHIPS STORED SALT, AWAITS MORE FUEL

Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 10 May 86 p 8

[Text] The Nova Mambone saltworks, which in January of last year was holding
5,000 tons of salt in storage because of transportation difficulties, recently
completed shipment of that product. Seventy percent of the salt was shipped
to Sofala, and the rest went to the districts in Inhambane.

The Nova Mambone saltworks in Govura is currently at a standstill because of
the lack of lubricating oil and fuel, which is also the reason why it has not
operated since the start of this year. The standstill in salt production will
affect the inhabitants of Sofala and Inhambane, who are the traditional
customers of that saltworks.

In an interview with our correspondent, the manager of the saltworks, Avelino
Chongo, said it would still be possible to achieve this year's planned goal of
3,200 tons if a regular supply of fuel and lubricating oil were assured.

The official said that the enterprise is currently faced with high salt
production costs because it receives fuel from Beira in small maritime
shipments. Transportation is what makes the costs high, and the fuel that
is obtained by the saltworks does not satisfy its requirements, which are
estimated at 120 liters daily. "When we do manage to get fuel, it normally
arrives in four or five drums, and that is only enough for 1 or 2 days of
operation, since the same fuel must also supply the vehicles we have," Avelino
Chongo emphasized.

The crying shortage of fuel and oil dates back to 1982, when the saltworks
stopped receiving fuel directly from PETROMOC [Mozambican National Petroleum
Enterprise] in Maputo because of activity by the armed bandits in Inhambane
Province. From then until now, the salt enterprise has been receiving fuel
through Beira.

According to the manager of the Nova Mambone saltworks, his enterprise's fuel
requirements in its startup phase were estimated at 11,000 liters per quarter,
an amount that must be lower now because one of the two motor pumps has_ been
out of commission for a rather long time due to the lack of spare parts. The
pumping station is now operating with only one pump.

26



Mr du Plessis also said the government and in particular the Office of the
Registrar of Financial Institutions were held responsible for recent problems
that had developed at some financial institutions.

However, the government could not be expected to use the taxpayers money in an
"irresponsible manner" to save institutions that were in difficulties because
of weak management or errors of judgment.

Legislation and even the strictest financial requirements and supervision were
no guarantee that every financial institution would always remain safe and
healthy.

The financial world of today wastoo changeable and unpredictable.

“We must however not neglect to extract from every problem case all information
which will prevent a recurrence of the same problem in future.

"The offices concerned and the reserve bank will therefore give the government
a complete réport on what went wrong with each of the present problem cases and
how these problems may be eliminated in future."

/12766
CSO: 3400/1907

95



JPRS«SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

little as five years ago. This suggests a uniquely receptive climate of
opinion at present, which is presumably a response to the urgency of the
situation in South Africa."

Warning on Black Industrial Sabotage

MB080730 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0622 GMT 8 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, June 9, SAPA--Black workers are so antagonistic to the
free enterprise system that industrial sabotage was becoming a major cause
of low economic productivity in South Africa.

This is one of the warnings sounded by top business leaders in a report re~
leased today by Project Free Enterprise.

The report said that interviews with black managers had made it clear that
covert industrial sabotage was taking place on a large scale in many, if not
most, industrial plants in South Africa.

The report mentioned incidents in which metal objects were dropped into moving
machinery, many kilometres of conveyor belt were ripped apart by the
attachment of a sharp object at one end of the system and transport vehicles
were derailed by modern day luddites.

"A potentially life threatening situation occurred when highly inflammable
gas escaped through an outlet which was supposedly sealed by welded plugs.
In another instance scheduled medicines were purposefully mixed up and
incorrectly labelled," the report said.

Go-slows, not reporting mechanical problems and the loss or. destruction of
company property such as gloves, overalls and stationery were also symptoms
of negative attitudes by workers to the private sector.

According to a black manager quoted in the report:

"The (black) workforce know that they can work faster and better. But they
ask themselves why should they contribute to organisational efficiency if
they do not stand to gain from it as well. The social frustration that

we (blacks) are experiencing due to the years of discrimination is now
being vented on the companies.

“The latest reforms have done nothing to alleviate this frustration. These
reforms have merely tinkered with issues affecting black-white social
interaction, while the situation in the townships, the bureaucracy and laws
controlling our lives have not been touched."

The report contains a comprehensive programme of political and economic re-
forms designed to counter the negative perceptions that workers have of the
business sector and to promote an identification with the system of free
enterprise.

88



RECRULTMENT OF AGRICULTURALIST FOR ‘NUCLEUS ESTATES'

Monrovia NEW LIBERIAN in English 12 May 86 p 8

[Text]

The 250 = Agricul-
turists to be recruit-
ed by Agricultural Mi-
nistry here would be
basically assigned at
"nucleus estates" to
be established ‘by the
ministry in various
part of the country,
Minister S. Gblorzuo
Toweh has disclosed. -

The Agriculture Mi-
nistry was mandated
early this year by the
President, Dr.. Samuel
K. Doe to recruit 250
graduates from the
University of Liberia,
the Rural Development
Institute in Suakoko,
‘Bong County and other
agricultural institu-
tions to boost the
“Green — -Revolution"
launched by government
in January.

According to. an
Agriculture Ministry
release issued nere on,
May 10, Minister
Toweh, made the ais—
closure when he
leunched the Green’
‘Revolution in Margibi
County. He said the

/12828
CSO: 3400/1949

recruits would be
paid from funds gene-
rated at their respec-
tive estates of
assignment.

The release said the
nucleus estates will
form part of the im-
plementation of the
Greéfi .Revolution, and
cater to local farmers
through technical as-
sistance including ad-
visory and.marketing
programs.

Minister Toweh also
said that besides the
payment of salaries,
proceeds from the
sale of produce from
the nucleus estates
would go towards the
purchase of farm im-
plements as well.

Minister Toweh then
expressed the need for
primary and secondary
schools in rural areas
to establish small
farms from which funds

“could be generated to

ease the \ financial
burdens of their
schools, the release
said.

JPRS*SSA+86~069
7 July 1986

LIBERIA



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FINANCE MINISTER PESSIMISTIC ON ECONOMY
MBO21908 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1825 GMT 2 Jun 86

[text] Paarl, June 2, SAPA~-Although the South African economy showed clear
signs of revival towards the end of last year, this upswing had lost a good
deal of steam, the minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, said tonight.

Speaking to the Boland Chamber of Commerce, he said the business climate
"remains one of distinct pessimism."

The government was giving serious thought to what more could be done from its
side to support economic activity without jettisoning sound economic and finan-
cial principles.

The extension of South Africa's production capacity, particularly the growth of
industry over the past few years, gave cause for great concern.

“The indications are that in 1986 net investment in the manufacturing sector
will fall for the fifth consecutive year.

“Indeed we have reached the stage where new investment in manufacturing is not
sufficient even to replace the so-called depreciation of existing production
capacity.

"OQur total production capacity is therefore in fact declining.

"The gravity of the situation can scarcely be overemphasized. South Africa
cannot simply go on training people and putting them to work in the public sec-
tor if we do not simultaneously create more work opportunities in the private

sector."

To this end the government had already taken steps to reduce the claims of the
public sector on scarce capital resources to the lowest possible level.

It was disappointing that private sector investment remained so hesitant.

"Perhaps it is desirable then that more be done by the authorities to stimulate
domestic demand so that it may act as an incentive for new investment."

94



19317
CSO: 3400/1920

COAL EXPORTS

EARNINGS.
Rm

3500

TONS EXPORTED

3000
2600
2000
1500

1.000

oO

in the longterm,” Sowerby be-
lieves.

He warns however, that SA’s
ability to handle lower prices
may be eroded if volumes are
not at least maintained and if
tontract negotiations are de-
layed, as they have been for
most of this year.

The bulk of coal exports goes
through the RBCT, a throughput-
orientated terminal, thus the
greater the tonnage exported the
cheaper the rand per ton cost.
Likewise, the railways are also
prepared for 44-million tons and

99

M/tons.

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985

railage rates are set for major
increases this year.

Sowerby expects exports to
show not growth, but a decline

this year of 3-million tons. And,

unless the market place changes

,tadically or goverment intro-

duces meaningful reforms, SA
will have problems maintaining
its market share. For this rea-
son, it is essential to Producers
during negotiations that they
can afford low coal prices.

Reasons TCOA MD Les Weiss:
“Unless political reforms are
implemented, our e: can-
Ri ow. Government must un-

d this.



JPRS«SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

The minister of law and order, Mr Louis le Grange, had said in his second
reading speech that last year's state of emergency declaration had
negatively affected the country's economy and that this was one reason
for the bill.

"It will not change anything in South Africa unless there is political
reform," Mr Mcintosh said.

June 16, a symbolic day commemorating the Soweto shootings in 1976, was
the real issue behind the bill and why Mr le Grange was "bulldozing"
it through parliament.

The bill would give "inhuman tasks" to the police because it was
unreasonable to expect a policeman to exercise its provisions as they
were not politicians.

The government had to show more commitment to real power sharing and
although the bill "might cool things down for a bit, it will bluff
the government into thinking it has control," he said.

PFP's Suzman Condemns Bills

MB041545 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1447 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] House of Assembly, Jun 4, SAPA--The Public Safety Amendment Bill
would totally destroy any good that might have some reform measures such
as the abolition of the pass laws, Mrs Helen Suzman (PFP [Progressive
Federal Party] Houghton) said today.

Speaking in second reading debate on the bill, she also said it was a
"deceitful" piece of legislation because it brought about all the
oppressive features of a declared state of emergency without such a
declaration.

When passed the law would not only be a permanent part of our legislation,
although designed to deal with an emergency situation, but would also
bring the administration of South African justice into disrepute
throughout the civilized world.

"It will undoubtedly facilitate the imposition of punitive sanctions
against South Africa in the United States and in European countries.

"and it will further increase the growing isolation of the republic."
Government members might console themselves with reports that the U.S.
Secretary of State, Mr George Shultz, has recommended U.S. companies

stay in South Africa to act as a force for good.

However, her visit to Washington two weeks ago convinced her that
Mr Shultz was pleading for a lost cause.

62



JPRS«SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

New powers of detention will be included in the regulations and
detainees may be held outside the unrest area.

The DPSC in a special report said the new bill will have a detrimental
effect to all sectors of South African life.

"The black communities will bear the brunt of the return to the intense
repression of the state of emergency. Occupation of the townships

by the army and police, curfews, endless funerals, detentions muffling any
protest will be their daily lot. . .

"the white communities will see their sons in the continuing role
of occupying and policing the townships.

“The business community can expect a further deterioration in the economy,
as the beleaguered communities hit back at the military might of the state
with the only weapons they have-~consumer boycotts and work stoppages; and
as the international business and banking sectors lose further confidence: in
South Africa as a country for investment," the statement said.

The DPSC went on to say the media would "again face the restrictions and
harassment they experienced during the state of emergency and be
prevented from presenting the true situation to the world."

The main purpose of the introduction of Section 50A of the Internal
Security Act, according to the DPSC, is to provide for long-term
preventative detention much longer than the 14 days provided for
by Section 50.

“The authority to extend the detention beyond 48 hours is now in the
hands of a police officer, not a magistrate, as in the case of the
current Section 50," the report said.

The DPSC said that during 1985, 1924 people were detained under Section 50--
or 79 percent of all detentions under the Internal Security Act.

The committee said it estimated that during the first four months of the
state of emergency 1,200 people were held under the Section 50.

"T£ Section 50A is used with the same frequency then concentration camps
will be needed to cope with the daily detainee population," the report said.

Jewish Organization Opposes Amendment
MBO41157 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0757 Gmt 4 Jun 86
[Text] Johannesburg, Jun 4, SAPA--The Jews for Social Justice [JBJ]
strongly opposed the Public Safety Amendment Bill which would give

the minister of law and order unlimited power to declare an unrest area,
the organization said today.

68



JPRS+SSA~867069
7 July 1986

LIBERIA

FEW MONROVIA TEACHERS, STUDENTS SHOW UP FOR CLASSES
Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 8 May 86 p 8
[Article by Ambrose Gibormie]

[Text] Few teachers within the Monrovia Consolidated School System (MCSS),
reported to work yesterday in response to please from authorities.

At some of the schools visited including the Tubman High, only a handful of
teachers and students were seen.

There have been no reports from other counties.

In Monrovia, however, the campus of the Bassa Teen Age Junior High School
was a ghost town as there were no teachers nor students.

The MCSS teachers on Monday, decided to continue their stay home action
if government did not honour their demands.

The teachers Friday agreed to return to classes following the apology from
the President of the National Teachers Union of Liberia, Saa Philip Joe,
Tuesday.

/12828
cso: 3400/1951

13



JPRS*SSA+86*069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NATION'S PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS ACCUSED OF CAUSING DISINVESTMENT

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in
[Article by Beulah Brown]

[Text]

DISINVESTMENT in SA
is caused by the country's
own private institutions
investing domestic sav-
ings in foreign assets and
not by foreign disinvest-
ment, as is increasingly:
reported. :

‘hat was the view ex-
pressed by

English 22 May 86 p 3

Professor Jan Lombard,

vice-president of the SA Reserve Bank,
at the 42nd congress of the Afrikaanse
Handelsinstituut (AHI) held in Johannes-

burg yesterday.

“The stagnation in the industrial sec-
tor is totally of our own making. This
gives the impression that our country’s
people are dismantling the SA economy
on their own accord,” Lombard said.

Lombard said the reason for this was
that hardly any entrepreneurs or big
financial institutions were willing to
look more than six months ahead, caus-
ing the lack of private domestic inves!-

mi

ent
“The truth about the SA economy ts

that its growth lies increasingly in the
opportunities that create the potential
. and needs of its domestic masses.
\ “The question lies in what role the

free market system will

lay in th«

transformation of the mass Third Worlc
potential and needs facing SA to create
rea) growth in income, employment,
consumption and the forming of cap-

ital,” he said.

/9317
cso: 3400/1920

96

“We need a socio-economic develop-
ment strategy that will include the ris
ing Third World of SA.”

Lombard emphasised that the prob-
lem in the economy was not of a cyclic
nature, but the lack of basic growth
potential. ;

“Therefore, the solution does not lie in
stimulating short-term cyclic revival,
but in long-term investment.

“For four respective years, there has
been a decrease in real gross domestic
investment.”

Employment, normally growing at
3% a year, was stagnant, with the eco-
nomic growth rate for the period only
13%.
He said the only sector showing
growth had been the mining sector, but
that it should be borne in mind that SA’s
future lay in the industrial sector, in
which fixed investment dropped by a
shocking 57,5% since 1980.

“In fact, the gross fixed investment in
this sector for 1985 was lower than the
total cost of depreciation. Furthermore,
fixed assets showed an employment rate
of only 84,2%.”

He added that, in a vastly growin
economy, tax rates would be muc!
Jower for the same amount of govern-
ment spending and there would not be
price inflation.

“The scenario | am describing is not
out of our reach.”



JPRS«SSA~86069
7 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

PRESIDENT MACHEL VISITS WORKERS AT BEIRA PORT
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese 12 May 86 p 1

[Article by Atanasio Dimas]

[Text] President Samora Machel has promised to acquire 15,000 uniforms for
the port of Beira's approximately 5,000 workers. The promise was made by the
chief of state on Friday afternoon as he was visiting that port, which is of
strategic value to the development not only of Mozambique but also of the

entire hinterland and beyond.

President Samora Machel was in Beira to preside over the ceremony for
transferring power from the previous leader of Sofala Province to the recently
appointed governor, Francisco Masquil. The ceremony, which was held publicly,
took . place on Saturday as part of a rally that brought over 60,000 people to

Central CFM [Mozambique Railroad] Square.

But the day before--on Friday afternoon--the leader of the Mozambican
Revolution had been in the port of Beira for a visit which was necessarily
brief because the chief of state had to visit the Telecommunications Ground

Station after that.

On his visit to the port, President Samora was accompanied by Marcelino dos
Santos and officials of the transportation and communications sector in Sofala
as well as by officials in charge of the port itself and of the construction
underway there as part of the projects for the Beira Corridor.

The chief of state expressed satisfaction with what he saw in the port of
Beira. In particular, he emphasized the tremendous difference in cleanliness
in comparison with he had observed on his previous visit to that place.

President Samora said that on his previous visit to the port, it had looked
like a trash dump and a den of thieves where one did not sense the presence of
effective management. Today, however, the port of Beira appears cleaner even

though it is old.

The chief of state was nevertheless somewhat severe in his criticism of one
worker who was in charge of a materials warehouse at the Mozambican Fishing

18



toms and practices in order to equalize ethnic differences and introduce at least
a semblance of uniformity that would bridge the gap between racial differences.

Although the objectives of the revolutionaries differ from those of the forces of
finance, they, too, wish to promote urbanization in order to facilitate their or-
ganizational actions and accelerate their revolutionary program. Rural communi-
ties that live in isolation are both difficult and expensive to reach, and they
are not readily accessible to the efforts of rabble-rousers because of the social
ponds and the influence of local authorities.

Mc P.W. Botha is evidently under such pressure from the foreign money-lenders to
whom he and his financial advisers have subjected South Africa, that he does not
dare allow himself to think about the consequences of his actions. And even if
he could think about them, he is so hedged in by the logic of his leftist tenden-
cies that he has no other choice but to pursue the path he has chosen.

With his announcement of an undivided South Africa and a single citizenship, it
was inevitable that he should accept the fact that all citizens of South Africa
must have the freedom to move where they wish.

After the economic pinch and the unrecognizable consequences of accelerated ur-
banization, what is significant now is the fact that this most recent debacle
of the Botha government has taken place under the gaze of our enemies in the
very midst of the worst riot conditions in the history of South Africa.

This means that rioters and saboteurs will enjoy greater mobility to travel
around the country and cause disturbances everywhere because of the passbook
ruling. For this reason the larger concentration of jobless Blacks in metropo-
litan regions will expose the increasing black population. to the intimidation
and terrorist practices of the gangs under communist control and will make the
work of the security forces all the harder.

That the Botha government can still maintain that it has any sort of grasp on
reality, when it makes concessions to the satisfaction of rioters, goes contrary
to all reasonableness.

The forces that have been busy demolishing law and order in South Africa for the
past two years do not want to improve South Africa; they want to annihilate
South Africa. To maintain that we must not go beyond discussion or that wrongs
must be eliminated in due time, is not only unrealistic, but also criminal, ig-
norant and irresponsible. The more concessions the government has made and the
more shackles it has put on the security forces, the more the rioting has in-
creased.

The Botha government is a mass of incompetency that must be put out of power as
soon as possible by the white people.

8117
C80: 3401/150

47



JPRS*SSA~86*069

7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

REPORTER SEES RETRENCHMENT AS KEY TO INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 May 86 p 7

{Article by Claire Pickard-Cambridge]

[Text ]

RETRENCHMENT, with its far-
reaching effects on individuals
and the community, is a volatile
issue that has often triggered in-
dustrial action.

Retrenchment has become a key
industrial relations issue and the
drawn-out strike over retrenchments
at Foschini has highlighted difficul-
ties that can be experienced in reach-
ing agreement on the matter.

it has also reflected the differing
perceptions of management ant
unions to the feasibility of job-sharing
schemes as an alternative.

Industries worst hit by retrench-

ments include the motor, textile, met-:

als and engineering sectors. Most
on export sectors have also been af-
fected.

National Association of Auto-’

mobile Manufacturers (Naamsa) CE:
Nic Vermeulen says the slump in the
motor industry has cost 13627 jobs
since the third quarter of 1984. For
every retrenchment at the motor as-
sembly level, there are likely to be
two more in component and related
sectors, he adds.

‘The Steel and Engineering Indus-
tries Federation of SA (Seifsa) recent-
ly reported the loss of 25 000 jobs in
the past 15 months, with employment
Jevels having dropped from 454 000 at
the end of 1981 to about 350 000 at the
end of the first quarter of 1986.

Exact statistics are unavailable,
but industrial relations consultant

Andrew Levy estimates that about .

2000 people were being retrenched
every week in early 1985. But he be-
lieves retrenchments have slowed.
Norman Daniels of the Textile
Workers’ Industrial Union says more

19274

cso: 3400/1926

than 40 000 jobs — at least one-third
of the jobs in the textile industry —
have been lost since 1983.
Unions believe there should be no
retrenchment without exploring all
ossible alternatives, without notice,
full information, fair retrenchment
rocedures, severance pay, consulta-
ion and negotiation. Their demand
for preferential re-employment if va-
cancies occur is one which manage-
ments often concede.

Motor employers, in turn, have
used almost all alternatives — which
includes restricted recruitment, ear-
\y-retirement of certain employees,
short time and elimination of over-
time to stave off retrenchments.

Institute for Industrial Relations
director Mark Anstey says manage-
ments often argue they create em-

loyment through the pursuit of pro-
fis ‘and that their role should not be
confused with government or social
welfare in providing for the unem-
plo:

are situated in a societal context,
where high unemployment has con-
tributed to unrest. Employers had to
consider, that retrenchments took
place in a situation where inadequate
social security provisions prevailed.
Industrial relations consultant
Steuert Pennington says most em-
ployers acknowledge the serious im-
act of retrenchment, but generally
fail to devote attention to long-term
manpower planning to avoid this.
‘He maintains information-sharing
with unions on matters which include
supplying relevant financial informa-
tion and productivity figures fesults
in closer co-operation after retrench-
ment has occurred.

92

cd.
ut Anstey argues that businesses

‘Trade unions generally support the
criterion of last-in, first-out (LIFO)
for retrenchments, claiming that per-
formance-based retrenchments allow
for victimisation. Managements usu-
ally agree on the LIFO principle, al-
though many also favour perform-
ance-based criteria. ‘

Retrenchment packages vary con-
siderably because they are subject to
collective bargaining: Retrenched
employees tend, on average, to get
between one and two week’s wages
for every year worked.

Industrial Court judgments have
established that failure to discuss re-
trenchment properly or give reason-
able notice are unfair labour prac-
tices. Various court cases, which have
established fairly explicit standards
governing retrenchment, have en-
couraged unions to use legal channels
over issues where their power base
would generally be weak.

In the event of closure of a com-
any and a claim that it cannot afford
0 pay severance packages, many

unions have argued for disclosure of
financial information.

Effective dealing with retrench-
ment is also vital for any company as
remaining employees perceive the
treatment of the retrenched as rele-
vant to their own future. This may
result in increased stress among re-
maining staff and reduced initiative
and productivity.


Fresamo, The conference does not seem to have attained its declared
objective, therefore. Its virtual failure is partly due to the fact that
it did not obtain the material aid it was hoping for from the West German
counter-intelligence agency whose chiefs, notably Dr Luvik Pfals, were
quietly encouraging it. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in
English 24 May 86 p 5] /9317

cso: 3400/1915

30



BAN ON UNIVERSITY STUDENT GROUP LIFTED

Monrovia SUNTIMES in English 12 May 86

[Article by Gabriel Williams]

[Text]

Following mo-
re than five
months of in-
activity since
last November
12 abortive in-
vasion, the ban
imposed on the
Provisional
Student
Leadership Com-
mittee of the
University’ of
Liberia has be-
en lifted.

The President
of Liberia and
Visitor to. the
University, Dr.
Samuel K. Doe,
has endorsed
the decision
to restore the
rights of the
student leader-—

ship committee
to function,
UL President
Dr. Joseph G.
Morris has
said.

Dr. Morris
was speaking

at the 1985 UL

“lely

commencement
convocation on
Wedhesday at
the Unity Con-
ference Center
in Monrovia du-
ring which 383
students rece-
ived degrees
in various dis-
ciplines.

Dr. Morris
hoped academic
1986 would wit-
ness the orga-
nization of a
responsible
student
government whi-
ch would be so-
committed
to seeking , the
welfare of stu-
dents on the
university cam-
pus and serving

as a link hbet~
ween the admi-
nistration and

the students.
He said the
UL administra-
tion was  con-
vinced that a
well-organized
and responsible
student govern-

p 3

14

_mity", he

ment can be an
asset to the
effective admi-
nistration of
the university.

The UL Presi-

dent said he
had no doubt
that the stu-
dent leadership
would operate
strictly within
the framework
of’ the rules

and regulations
of the Univer-
sity and the
laws of the co-
untry.

Dr. Morris
lauded the stu-
dents for the
responsible at-
titude they ex-
hibited during

academic 1985.
"While it is
true that we
did not always
agree on
issues, never
did we- allow

our differences
to engender ho-
stility or en-
ad-
ded.

‘dent,

JPRS*SSA*86*069
7 July 1986

LIBERIA

The UL"Presi-
however,
did ‘not say
whether the ban
on student po-
litics which
allows for stu-
dents to form
political par-
ties on campus
and elect their
own leaders was
lifted.
Following the
abortive inva-
sion of the co-
untry last No-
vember, the of-
ficially appo-
inted Provisi-
onal Student
Leadership Com-
mittee was a-
mong several
organizations
in the country
banned by the
former military
regime. These
included the
Press Union of
Liberia, Natio-
nal Union of
Liberian Tea-
chers and the
Liberian Busi-
ness Caucus.


JPRS*SSA+86«069
7 July 1986

The second point was that government's came and went but laws remained,
as they had in Zimbabwe, where Mr Robert Mugabe was still using several
of the former Rhodesian Government's security laws.

"Tt will yet be ironical when the powers so avidly desired today by
Minister le Grange, are used against him and his supporters when a new and
more popular government takes over the reins of power.

"The NP [National Party] will have taught them their value," Mr Dalling said.

Besides the PFP, the majority parties in the houses of representatives
and delegates were also apparently opposed to the bill, but this was not
certain.

"We shall yet see if the fighter-pointing, brow-beating of the state
president last week has whipped them into line...if he has succeeded,

and either or both of those houses vote for this bill, they will have
forfeited forever any credibility they may claim in their own communities,"
he said.

On the other hand, if the bill was rejected by the colored and Indian
houses, but was forced into law through the built-in Nationalist majority in
the President's Council, "It would mean that majority rejection is
translated into minority acceptance".

Also, if the government used its President's Council majority to enact
the bill, it would display "a supreme contempt for all non-white opinion".

"It will telegraph to the whole world that those who sit in the House
of Representatives and the House of Delegates are no more than tokens
of white paternalism, tolerated only so long as they remain compliant."

Hendrickse Says Detainee Safeguards Needed
MBO51702 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1546 GMT 5 Jun 86

[Text] House of Representatives, Jun 5, SAPA--The Labour Party would only
approve the internal Security Amendment Bill once safeguards for detainees had
been included in the legislation, the chairman of Minister's Council,

Mr Allan Hendrickse said today.

Speaking in the second reading debate on the bill, he said there were _
members in the house who had experienced detention without trial and
were concerned that any future hardship caused by this measure be avoided.

There should be safeguards which would allow the detainee to have his
rights restored at certain stages during his detention. For example
after periods of 48 hours and then 14 days the detainee should appear
before a magistrate and then a judge.

58



JIPRS«ssa 86
"86-069
7 July 1986

CHAD

LIBYA SEEN BEHIND GUNT TRAINING CAMP IN BENIN
PM131608 Paris LE MONDE in French 11-12 May 86 pp 1
[Laurent Zecchini dispatch: “Libyan Connection in Benin")

[Text] Seme--Driving at a moderate speed, the car journey did not take more
than 30 minutes. Once past the Cotonou port installations, you have to take
the Porto-Novo road straight ahead. It was on the left, around 1 km before
the turning for Lagos. From the “tarmac” you could vaguely see a group of
huts in the bush, hidden by palm trees. It is better to wait until the road
is completely clear before crossing: The Cotonou-Porto-Novo road is
dangerous.

After crossing the railroad track, you take a rough path which leads through
the trees. A few hundred meters further on, the “camp” can be seen: a few
dozen men sitting in the dust, women, swarms of children, loose canvas tents,
huts made of planks and branches, a little further on a real permanent house
still under construction: The “training camp for National Unity Transition
Government [GUNT] fighters recruited by Libya” looked wretched. There was a
fire, cooking pots, washing, no activity, and apparently very precarious
living conditions.

A junior officer from the Beninese gendarmerie, assisted by around 15 men, is
in charge of the camp, placed under the overall command of Colonel Kouyami,
commander of the Beninese gendarmeric companies. Indeed, it is primarily the
Chadians from all factions in the camp who make it necessary to maintain “law
and order." Sometimes quarrels break out among them, and sometimes these
people who have nothing steal from the peasants’ fields and it is necessary to
be "on the lookout." It is best not to stay long, and the authorities
strongly advise against any visit.

On 17 February Steven Smith, a correspondent from Radio France International,
who was living in Benin, was expelled from the country, officially for
“activities likely to disturb law and order." According to some sources he
had in fact shown too much interest in the "Seme Camp." Is it a “refugee”
camp, a "transit" camp, or a “training” camp? It depends on whom you talk to.
For a diplomat who knows a great deal about Chadian affiars, “shooting
practice sessions are organized by the Beninese Army" and "physical training"
of the Chadians is carried out by GUNT people.



JPRS*SSA*86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CCAWUSA, FOSCHINI REACH AGREEMENT ON INDUSTRIAL DISPUTE
MB041504 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1451 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] Johannesburg, Jun 4, SAPA-~Agreement between the Commercial,
Catering and Allied Workers Union of South Africa [CCAWUSA] and Foschini
over their industrial dispute has been reached, CCAWUSA said today.

The broad terms of the agreement, according to CCAWUSA, are:

-- All "unemployed retrenchees" to receive R575 immediately "in addition
to all monies already received."

-- All striking workers will return to work on Monday (June 9).

-- All "unemployed retrenchees" to qualify for re-employment "the moment
vacancies arise."

-- Striking workers to receive 75 percent of their salaries "by no
later than June 17."

-- No disciplinary action to be taken against strikers.

~- An undertaking by the union to call off the boycott of all Foschini
stores.

-- Each party to pay its own legal costs, "put Foschini will bear all the
costs of mediation."

The agreement was arrived after three months of negotiations and six weeks
of industrial action.

CCAWSSA's statement said the agreement was "another step forward towards
ensuring that job security will be accepted as a right."

The six weeks of industrial action involved sit-ins, “sleep-ins,"
picketing, demonstrations and a consumer boycott.

The boycott affected over 60 Foschini stores throughout South Africa,
the union said.

90



According to CAZ sources, Mr Duke was to have been a member of a four-member
delegation which had asked to see Mr Mugabe. The other members were the CAZ's
chief constitutional and legal expert, Senator W.R. "Sam" Whaley, Senator Oatt,
and Mr Shaw Dyson, a leading farmer and MP.

ZANU (PF) is understood to have reacted favourably to the CAZ approaches and
Mr Mugabe was expected to meet the white politicians within the next few days.
It is not known whether the meeting will now take place.

CAZ sources said that although there could never be an agreement on ideology
with the "Marxist-Leninist" ruling party, the white electorate needed repre-
sentatives to enjoy a working relationship with the government.

The continued presence in active politics of Mr Smith was seen to be an
obstacle to "rapprochement," said the CAZ member. He said for the past two
years there has been virtually no liaison between Mr Mugabe's government and
the CAZ, which polled 60 per cent of the white votes at last year's general
election.

Mr Mugabe reacted with rage to the CAZ victory, saying it was a "betrayal"
by whites of the reconciliation policy he promulgated an independence in 1980.
[sentence as received]

/6091
cso: 3400/1924

35



JPRS*SSA~86~069
7 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BER FIGURES SHOW GROWING UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 May 86 p 3

[Article by Claire Pickard-Cambridge]

[Text]

/9317

MORE than 200 000 job opportuni-
ties were lost during 1985, accord-
ing to the annual report of the
Director-General of Manpower,
Piet van der Merwe.

The report uses statistics pro-
vided by the Bureau for Economic.
Research (BER) at Stellenbosch
University to illustrate growing un-
employment levels.

pplications for unemployment
benefits increased dramatically last
year. Last year 304 905 applications

“were approved, compared with.

186 125 in 1984.

In some months benefits of more
than R33m/month were paid to the
unemployed, who formerly contrib-
uted to the Unemployment Insur-
ance Fund.

Van der Merwe said the nature
and extent of strikes during 1985
revealed certain deficiencies in the
statutory dispute-settling system.
The National Manpower Commis-
sion (NMC) was investigating cer-
tain crucial matters with a view to
improving the system.

These include:

O Workers’ rights.

O Consequences of sympathy
strikes.

OThat, theoretically, a strike could
continue indefinitely.

OThe question of decriminalising
strikes. In common law terms, it is
still an offence to strike because it
amounts to a breach of contract.

O The fact employers were entitled .

to dismiss illegally striking employ-

cso: 3400/1920

97

ees, while the Industrial Cc.rt was
still empowered to grant temporary
reinstatement orders in terms of
Section 43 of the Labour Relations

Act.
OThat it was ible for employ-
ees, once the dispute settling mach-

inery had been set in motion, to
strike for a while, return to work
and strike again.

Government plans to issue a
White Paper during 1986 to outline
its attitude to various other thorny
issues.

These include levels of collective
bargaining, the registration of trade
unions and employers’ organisa-
tions, the Industrial Court and prin-
ciples of the closed shop provision.

Problems in the Labour Relations
Act will also receive attention and
amending legislation to improve the
Act is likely to be introduced in Par-
liament in 1987. After consultations
with parties, government will also
formulate felines to improve the,
Industrial Council system.

The reports said more employees
were involved in strikes last year in
comparison to 1984, although the
number of strikes decreased in 1985.
Statistics reveal al that 389 strikes and

ppages involving employ:
ees occured in 1985, as oppesed is
469 involving 181 942 in 1984.

The largest number of strikes and
stoppages occurred in the manufac-
turiffg sector, while wages and relat-
ed matters were still the most im-
portant cause of strikes and
stoppages. .



JPRS“SSA*86~069
7 July 1986

ZIMBABWE

GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES GENERAL SALARY INCREASE
MBO50757 Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 4 Jun 86

[Text] The government has announced a general salary increase for all work-
ers with effect from the first of next month. Those earning 500 dollars and
below are entitled to a 10 percent increment. The government also announced
increases ranging from 3 to 10 percent for those earning between 6,000 and
36,000 dollars per annum.

The salary increases were announced by the minister of labor, manpower
planning and social welfare, Comrade Frederick Shava, at a news conference
in Harare today. Comrade Shava explained that all categories of domestic
workers, the general agricultural employees, workers in the agroindustries
receiving 85 dollars per month shall be awarded a 10 dollar increment.
Employees in the agroindustry currently receiving 110 dollars per month

will be entitled to a 10 percent incréase on what they are currently earning.
Those minimum wage earners getting above 100 dollars per month will get a

10 percent increase on what they are currently getting except employees in
the rural commercial sector whose wages will go up by 7 percent.

Comrade Shava said all other workers in receipt of wages above the minimum
but below 6,000 dollars per annum will be granted a 10 percent increment.
Workers earning more than 6,000 dollars but below 36,000 dollars per annum
will get an increase ranging from 9 percent at a lower level and 3 percent
[words indistinct] at the highest level.

Comrade Shava also said existing stipulated allowances for minimum wage
earners will remain unchanged. He pointed out that increases are agreed
upon after due discussions between the government, employers, and employee
representatives, taking into account the (?capability) of the country's
economy. Comrade Shava said exemptions of the [words indistinct] contain
the legal 143 dollars, 75 cents per month will be extended until the next
wage and salary review.

/6091
cso: 3400/1924

38