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JPRS-SSA-85-129

31 DECEMBER 1985

Sub-Saharcm Africa Report

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JPRS-SSA-85-129

31 December 1985

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

Neighboring Nations' Dependence on RSA Rail System Noted

(Kevin Mayhew; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) ...

Development of Rice Growing Projects Reported

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Nov 85) . . ....'..

CHAD

Refugees Return From Central African Republic

(INFO TCHAD, 29 Oct 85) 10

ICFTU Aid to Villages Reported

(INFO TCHAD, 5 Nov 85) •

n

CAR Information Minister's Visit Reported

(INFO TCHAD, 7 Nov 85) 12

Bahr Azoum Dam Repaired

(Carmel Rodjibaye; INFO TCHAD, 25 Oct 85) -14

DJIBOUTI

Presidential Election, Succession Examined

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 3 Nov 85) 16

KENYA

Briefs

Amoco Oil Prospects 18

FRG Planes Bought 18

Aid From Abu Dhabi 18

MADAGASCAR

Amnesty Bill Split Assembly

(THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER, 16 Nov 85) 19

- a -
MOZAMBIQUE

Residents in Zimbabwe Form Organization To Help Homeland

(THE HERALD, 22 Nov 85) 20

Briefs

Encouraging Oil Signs 21

NAMIBIA

NIGER

Hiemstra Provisionally Accepts Council Chairmanship

(THE STAR, 27 Nov 85) 22

Race Discrimination Said To Thrive in Nation

(Brendan Seery; THE STAR, 28 Nov 85) 23

Ex-De Beers Employee Tells of Plan To Strip Nation of Diamonds

(THE STAR, 26 Nov 85) 25

Recent Cabinet Reshuffle Analyzed

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Nov 85) 26

SOMALIA

Ethiopian-Backed Opposition in Disarray

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 13 Nov 85) 28

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC Would Claim Political Victory if Mandela Released

(THE STAR, 25 Nov 85) 30

Stellenbosch University Students Seek New Talks With ANC

(David Breir; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) 32

Political Scientist Analyzes ANC's New Phase in 'People's War'

(Paul Bell; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Nov 85) 33

Protesters Stage March for Right To Return Home

(Jon Qwelane; THE STAR, 26 Nov 85) 35

Rate of White Exodus Increasing

(THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 23 Nov 85) 36

New Republic Party MP Gives Views on Political Scene

(WEEKEND POST, 23 Nov 85) 37

Anglicans Facing Dilemma Over Search for New Leader

(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) 39

Labor Party Split Over Group Areas Act

(David Breier; THE STAR, 24 Nov 85) 40

- b -
Conservation Party Says No to Blacks on President's Council

(THE CITIZEN, 2 Dec 85) ..... • • 41

Railways Police Role in Unrest Praised

(THE STAR, 23 Nov 85) 42

Government's Multiracial Feeding Plan May Not Be Renewed

(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 28 Nov 85) A3

Bophuthatswana Government Admits Heavy Debt

(Phil Mtimkulu; THE STAR, 28 Nov 85) ......... 44

Opposition tio Break Up of Medical Services Along Racial Lines

(David Breier, John Maclennan; THE STAR, 24 Nov 85) 45

Lack of White Insight Puts Brake on Blacks

(THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) 46

Inkatha Warns ANC's Tambo on Violence

(THE CITIZEN, 2 Dec 85) 47

Support for Conservative Party Up 10 Percent in Free State

(THE CITIZEN, 2 Dec 85) 49

Poll Says Whites Believe Sports Segregated

(THE CITIZEN, 3 Dec 85) 50

Blacks Boycott of White Pretoria Shops Failed

(THE CITIZEN, 5 Dec 85) • • •

51

Sensitive Question of Consumer Boycott Raised

(Joe Burg; SOWETAN, 29 Nov 85) 52

DPSC Says Thousands Still in Detention

(SOWETAN, 28 Nov 85) 54

Publication Reports Transkei's Detainees

(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 26 Nov 85) 56

Black Churches Snub Peace Indaba

(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 29 Nov-5 Dec 85) 57

Vryburg Vigilantes Accused of Violence

(Ruth Becker; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 29 Nov-5 Dec 85) 58

Draft Dodgers Reportedly on Increase

(Ian Hobbs; BUSINESS DAY, 19 Nov 85) 59

Inkatha's Dhlomo Criticizes Survey's Findings

(Kanthan Pillay; POST NATAL, 20-23 Nov 85) 60

- c
Commentator Says Free Press Must Also Be Responsible

(Ken Owen; BUSINESS DAY, 21 Nov 85) 62

SANOC Plan for Jobless

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 23 Nov 85)

Government Has 'No Strategy To Deal With COSATU*

(Tony Stirling; THE CITIZEN, 3 Dec 85) ...

Inkatha May Embrace All Races

(David Breier; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) ..

Thousands of Whites Seek Help From Charities

(Joao Santa Rita; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85)

64

66

Poverty Among White Families Reportedly Reaching Critical Point

(Joao Santa Rita; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) 67

68

69

Job Prospects Look Bleak for Indian Graduates

(POST NATAL, 20-23 Nov 85) 70

Rent Boycott Cripples Vaal Councils

(Michael Tissong; THE STAR, 21 Nov 85) 71

New President of Institute of Race Relations Speaks

(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 20 Nov 85) 72

Government Rejects Plea on Land Transfer

(Jo-Anne Collinge; THE STAR, 19 Nov 85) 74

Black Group Calls for SADF Pullout

(THE CITIZEN, 26 Nov 85) 76

Treason Trial Witness Interprets ANC Songs

(THE CITIZEN, 27 Nov 85) 77

Credibility of System of Black Local Authorities Again Questioned

(Kin Bentley; WEEKEND POST, 9 Nov 85) 78

Reflections on Education Crisis

(Dale Lautenbach; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 23 Nov 85) 80

Number of Black Pupils Rise as Figures for Whites Dwindle

(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 15 Nov 85) 82

Call for National Teacher Training Plan

(Susan Pleming; THE STAR, 19 Nov 85) 84

SAIRR Director Says One Education System Needed Now

(SOWETAN, 29 Nov 85) 86

Technical Education Expanded

(THE STAR, 28 Nov 85) 87

- d -
Professor Says White Teachers Should Teach in Black Schools

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 2 Dec 85) 88

Materials Sector Seen as Major Money-Maker ,

(Malcolm Fothergill; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov .85) 89

Various Factors Continue To Depress Rand

(Roger Gidlow; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) , 91

RSA Ranks Among World's Cheapest Clothing Producers

(Malcolm Fothergill; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) 93

'Looking Money' Costs Nation Millions

(SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Nov 85) 94

Leyland's Stake in RSA Endangered

(Don Robertson; SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Nov 85) 95

Decline in House Prices Reported

(Kerry Clarke; SUNDAY TIMES, 24 Nov 85) 96

Mossel Bay Project Hampered by Lack of Skills

(Lawrence Bedford; BUSINESS DAY, 26 Nov 85) 97

Court Bars Generic Drug Substitution

(Cherilyn Ireton; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Nov 85) 98

Two-Tier Rand Speculators Curbed

(Alan Sendzul; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Nov 85) 10"

Synthetic Fuel Deliveries Forecast for 1991

(BUSINESS DAY, 25 Nov 85) •

101

Mossel Bay Oil Project Buoys Port Elizabeth

(THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 16 Nov 85) 101

Healthy Trade Balance Reported

(BUSINESS DAY, 25 Nov 85) iUJ

Scientists Fear International Rejection

(Fred Stiglingh; BUSINESS DAY, 25 Nov 85) 104

Imports Slump Threatens Shipping Line

(Stephen Robinson; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 23 Nov 85) 105

Nation Suffers From Shrinking Capital Formation

(BUSINESS DAY, 28 Nov 85) • •

1Qb

Construction Tenders Won at Loss

(BUSINESS DAY, 27 Nov 85) •••

iU/

Shell Diversifies Into Timber

(Alan Prat; BUSINESS DAY, 28 Nov 85) l

UÖ

- e -
Cost of Medicines Likely To Increase

(David Furlonger; BUSINESS DAY, 28 Nov 85) 109

Ban on 'Cheap* Petrol Brings Outcry

(BUSINESS DAY, 27 Nov 85) 110

Ministry Announcement, by Peter Wallington 110

BUSINESS DAY Comment 112

BMW, GM Talk Rationalisation

(BUSINESS DAY, 29 Nov 85) 113

Samcor Retrenchments Under Fire

(BUSINESS DAY, 29 Nov 85) 114

Renault Accused of Not Informing Dealers

(Chris Cairncross; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Nov 85) 115

COI Official on Awarding Mossel Bay Contracts

(Andre Van Zyl; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Nov 85) 116

Anglo-Alpha's Cement Plant Commissioned

(Alan Robertson; THE STAR, 27 Nov 85) 117

Details on Boksburg Hi-Tech Complex Given

(Jaap Boekkooi; THE STAR, 26 Nov 85) 118

Computer Journalists Awarded Prizes

(BUSINESS DAY, 28 Nov 85) 120

Rand Mines' Plan To Recruit Urban Blacks for Gold Mines Discussed

(Sheryl Raine; THE STAR, 28 Nov 85) 122

Accuracy of AMPS Figures Questioned

(Cherilyn Ireton; BUSINESS DAY, 29 Nov 85) 124

UK Hails Pretoria's Response to Mission

(John Battersby; BUSINESS DAY, 28 Nov 85) 125

Ciskei's Venture Into Free Enterprise Examined

(Ken Owen; BUSINESS DAY, 28 Nov 85) 126

Minister Behind Multi-Million Property Drive

(Wilmar Utting; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 29 Nov-5 Dec 85) 128

Durban Base for Eastern Navy Command

(THE CITIZEN, 6 Dec 85) 130

Briefs

Technikon Structure Completed 131

Cape Town's Foreign Loans 131

New SBDC Scheme 131

Eastern Cape Inflation 131

- f -
Plan To Counter Boycott 132

New Job Opportunities 132

Weekly Job Losses 132

Costs of Unrest 133

Cape Townsblp Plan 133

Export Ban Feared 133

Improvair-Japanese Deal 133

Ciskei Law Passed 134

Coloreds in Housing Dilemma 134

Wits University Applications Increase 134

TANZANIA

Briefs

Military Delegation to GDR 135

Locomotives Provided by EEC 135

Entry of Somalis Prohibited 135

ZAMBIA

Kaunda Faces Ordeal Over Mandrax Trafficking Case

(Gerald L'Ange; THE STAR, 27 Nov 85) 136

Finland Approves Funds for Power Project

(HUFVUDSTADSBLADET, 17 Oct 85) 138

ZIMBABWE

Britain To Overtake South Africa as Nation's Trade Partner

(THE CITIZEN, 6 Dec 85) 139

Papers Praise Report on Corruption

(SOWETAN, 27 Nov 85) 140

Censorship Rules Written Into Law

(Robin Drew; THE SUNDAY STAR, 24 Nov 85) 142
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

NEIGHBORING NATIONS' DEPENDENCE ON RSA RAIL SYSTEM NOTED

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 19

[Article by Kevin Mayhew: "On the Slow Train to Lubumbashi"]

[Text] Insight: The Talk and the Realities of Sanctions

It was President Paul Kruger who, in trying to reduce British influence in

the Zuid Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR), ordered construction of a railway line

from the Transvaal to Delagoa Bay in Mozambique and thus laid the foundation

for South Africa's most important weapon against the sanctions call—its

railway links.

Today cross-border links have been forged and lines laid to create a complex

network of Southern African interdependence.

If pressured to retaliate against sanctions the Government, could halt the

movement of traffic to and from its neighbours on the extensive lines now

serving Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Zaire, Swaziland, Malawi,

Lesotho and even Tanzania, where SAR rolling stock has been spotted in Dar es

Salaam. Such a move has prompted grim predictions, both in Southern Africa

and abroad, of an economic collapse in the region.

Sunday Star reporter Kevin Mayhew followed the northern route through countries

hostile to South Africa at home and in the forums of the world to see the

transport system north of the Limpopo River in action.

Here he tells of a 16-day trip on a South African passport to Lubumbashi

and back following a South African railway truck destined for Sakania in

Zaire. It is a story of delays, near-arrest, bribery, visa problems, deception, smuggling—and fear.

A 3,000 km Trip that Proves the Power of SA's Rail System

The two steel lines 1,065 millimeters apart snake like arteries from a dry

Krugersdorp to plug into Lubumbashi, nestling in verdant jungle in the heart

of Africa.

The 3,000 km trip begins outside Johannesburg with its pulsating, modern industrial beat, pierces the night of the Botswana desert and continues through the

volatile south of Zimbabwe.
Then it's on to the north, into depressed Zambia with its failed Copperbelt

and collapsing economy, and finally to Lubumbashi in Zaire with its perfected

system of corruption.

I took the long journey to the former Elizabethville in the former Congo to

find out just how powerful the transport weapon in South Africa's hands is—

and what the effect would be if it pulled the plug on its neighbours.

There are a legion of warnings that the collapse of the stable South African

railway network, or its wilful use as a weapon to counter sanctions, would

result in a collapse of the entire region, with nobody in a position to put

it together again.

Surprisingly I found this dependence on South African acknowledged by commercial bosses, even in countries politically hostile.

The existence of these rail links and the extent of co-operation in the transport field is in direct contrast to the frosty political relations between

South Africa and some of the neighbours the line feeds.

The northern line links the predominantly heavy mining economies of Zaire,

Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana with the ports of East London, Port Elizabeth

and Durban and opens the way for them to earn foreign currency.

In the financial year March 1984 to March this year South African harbours

handled 661,486 tons of imports to, and 1,277,594 tons of exports from,

Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana, Swaziland and Lesotho.

South Africa's rail network is one of the most complex in the Western world

and, for a country of its size, disproportionately extensive.

SATS, in addition, provided an estimated R12 million to 1120 million worth of

services to its neighbours (including homelands) in various forms such as repairs to locomotives, supplies of railway material and technical training.

These neighbours prefer to use South Africa as an outlet because of its reliability and/or convenience.

South Africa's roads are also being used to transport imports and exports for

these countries.

My trip began on a 34-truck train, including 12 fully loaded trucks that were

uncoupled along the route in Botswana, Zimbabwe and Zambia.

One truck loaded with explosives for the mines of Zaire was a bogey (fouraxle) destined for Sakania on the Zairean border with Zambia.

From Sakania this truck headed into the uncertain jungle world of the former

Belgian colony.

With its 900-ton load, train No 3014, drawn by three diesel units, was hauled

towards the Botswana border.
MAYHEW'S JOURNEY ... the route from the Rand, through BoUwana, Zimbabwe and

Zambia, with Zaire the final destination.

Jak de Beer was the guard on the train. He is a man who sees firsthand the

magnitude of South Africa's involvement with the movement of goods to and

from black Africa.

"It is about time somebody told how much we are doing. There is always

criticism but here we handle so much stuff for them," says this father of

two, who has done the route from his home town to Krugersdorp to Zeerust and

back for 17 years.

The train passed through the 00m Schalk Lourens territory of the Groot Marico,

past giant grain silos to Zeerust where the foreign trucks were uncoupled

for further hauling to Mafikeng. From there Mr De Beer headed back home.
I then had to travel as a "tourist" on a normal passenger train.

The Zimbabwean authorities felt their government would not like their

reliance on South Africa highlighted.

Zimbabwe National Railways (ZNR) has the contract to haul for Botswana as

they do not yet have their own railway.

I decided to go to Bulawayo on the daily passenger train.

The single line through Botswana is in bad shape, with the Zimbabweans not

concerned with expansive upkeep as the Botswanans want to take over in 1987.

There was a series of unscheduled stops and we arrived nearly three hours

late in Bulawayo.

Crossing into Zimbabwe we saw the first sign of a military presence.

Guards in camouflage fatigues and armed with AK-47 rifles slung sloppily

over their shoulders boarded the train at the border town of Plumtree to

escort it through the volatile south of the country.

The number of SAR trucks lying at sidings we passed through was staggering.

"I remember this line during the bush war. We had to guard it as best we

could but it kept getting hit by saboteurs," said former Rhodesian Railways

employee, Hugie Edwards, a Yorkshireman, who was in the compartment next to

mine.

I arrived in Zimbabwe on the day Pretoria hanged AKC member Benjamin Moloise.

The "racist Pretoria regime" dominated the news and the Commonwealth Conference in the Bahamas was expected to produce fireworks and widespread condemnation of South Africa as well as insistence on mandatory sanctions.

Like anywhere else there are two worlds involved in Africa—the political

world and the economic one.

I was hearing the political one, but experiencing the business reality.

In the Zimbabwean daily, The Herald, I read total condemnation of the hanging

of "Comrade Moloise". Kr Mugabe gave a guarded statement calling for sanctions

in six months.

But tucked away at the bottom of Page Three was a report headlined "Sanctions

will bring Zimbabwe to a halt".

John Mkushi, president of the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries, pointed

out that 20 percent of Zimbabwe's trade was with South Africa and 85 percent

of its trade went through South Africa.
In Bulawayo I spoke to Frans Liebenberg, who has coordinated the SATS'

presence in its neighbouring countries for two years. He liaises with

representatives of the different railways four times.a year.;

"We bend over backwards for them sometimes. There are thousands of trucks

which have not been returned. They are rented out at a nominal rate. At

the moment South Africa does not need them so being paid for them daily makes

some sense.

"However if we suddenly needed them then we would demand they be returned,"

explained Mr Liebenberg.

Another problem when dealing with these countries is their eagerness to cry

"destabilisation" if SATS makes any changes to the existing operation or

prices.

From Bulawayo it was on to scenic Victoria Falls, where I had visa problems.

This trip took nearly four months to set up and my multiple-entry visa into

Zimbabwe had only three days to go before it expired.

At Victoria Falls it was extended and I was free to move. : I managed to get through the border into Zambia without too much ado—despite

it being October 24, Zambia's annual 24 hours of euphoria, Independence Day.

There were banners draped over buildings and people dancing in the streets

in small towns. Massive posters carried the face of President Kenneth Kaunda.

The local airwaves were dominated by coverage of speeches from politicians

and dignitaries at-the Independence Stadium in Lusaka.

However Zambia, at this important stage of its development, cannot boast

economic independence from detested South Africa, which carries fifty percent

of its imports and exports.

Their railway service is short of 11 locomotives, even after hiring nine

locomotives from SATS, according to an article in the house journal of the

Zambia Railways, Railnews.

The latest figures from SATS for rolling stock in Zambia are for September,

when 2,080 trucks were in the country. Another 2,000 were recorded for its

northern neighbour Zaire and no trucks from these countries were on South

African lines.

There I found out that the Zaire bogey arrived in Vic Falls two days after me.

The train then goes through Lusaka and on to Ndola, now a depressed mining

town with a high crime rate and rapidly deteriorating buildings.

I was warned against a crossing at Sakania because the border guards are both

mean and avaricious.
It is said that Zaire is the perfectly corrupt economy. If you have money

you can buy anything. And so it seemed to be.

I took a bus from Kitwe to the border.

It is a long hot trip, with people packed in with their chickens (dead and

alive) and it was chaotic as the customs men stopped the bus for a routine

documentation check.

Such cnecks, seemingly at random and more an opportunity for the customs men

and soldiers to get their hands on a bit pf produce than anything else, were

to become a prominent feature of the trip from here to Lubumbashi.

I crossed the border into Zaire at Chilalimbombwe, where a week earlier a

civilian had been killed in a clash between border guards of the two countries.

It is a tense area where the authorities on both sides arrest residents of the

other country on a tit-for-tat basis.

On the Zairean side, at Kusumbalesa, I was told by a uniformed customs man

that my visa (written in French) expired 48 hours earlier. It was a battle

to dxscuss the problem—he spoke no English and I no French.

However we had one common language: money.

Twenty Kwacha (R15) later I was on my way with a Belgian expatriate

Mischka Du Pont, in his four-wheel drive vehicle. '

It was 90 km from the border to Lubumbashi. There were four roadblocks

Each one required a little money to change hands and the road was cleared.

Zaire is a country with regal women and handsome men.

They all have different headgear, rifles and fatigues. I was not certain if

they were loyal to the same army and was not inclined to ask too many questons, given the weapons at their disposal.

However the women are always ready to take a stranger to their bosom for a

sum. In the bars they approached without introduction and poured Simba beer

with a smile.

I stayed in the Hotel du Globe. With no running water, but plenty of beer

and local pop music (one of Zaire's major industries in the making of

records), it made for a memorable night.

At the station the state of Zaire railways was immediately noticeable. I saw

none of the 2,000 SATS trucks or nine locomotives which are drifting around

that part of Africa, but I did see rows of battered wrecks.

I did not get much time to marvel at the wreckage before my interpreter and

myself were in an office being accused of taking photographs of the station

interior.
It was a close shave and after it had been sorted out (strangely enough

without any money changing hands) I scuttled out of the place with its scowling guards, took my picture and decided to hitch-hike out as fast as I can.

My first lift was on the back of a bakkie where the true spirit of the informal sector of business in Zaire was evident.

Money changed hands at various points and we passed through the four roadblocks again.

Back at the border with Zambia I met a businessman headed for Kitwe. Jean

Mwansa is an importer and exporter. He is to visit South Africa in January

for the first time. His goods come in through Johannesburg and he exports

through South Africa's ports so he wants to see how the markets operate in

this country.

"South Africa offers the best deal for me as a businessman," he said.

At Kitwe Harry Chinkumbi, a buyer with the giant National Tobacco Company

(NATCO), gave me a lift.

He is currently waiting to buy vehicles from South Africa when his company

gets the foreign currency clearance.

Does he think Zambia can survive without South African rail routes?

"We did it when we shut off Rhodesia, I think we could, but it would be very

difficult and we would need a lot of aid from outside," he says.

I pointed out that both Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan had told the

frontline states not to crawl to them if South Africa was forced to use its

transport weapon.

"That would be a problem, he concedes.

Back in Lusaka I begin preparations for my return trip—by road through Botswana with the truckers.

/9274

CSO: 3A00/599
INTER-AFRICAN AFFAIRS

DEVELOPMENT OF RICE GROWING PROJECTS REPORTED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Nov 35 p 8

[Text] Rice: A Question of Growing It. Throughout West Africa rice has

become a staple food, especially in towns. About 5 m tonnes is eaten annually in the region. Of that, 3m tonnes at most is locally-produced. The

rest comes mostly from the Far East and the United States, whose PL430 food

aid during the past decade has included huge quantities of rice. In the

1960s rice imports to the region increased annually by 5%; in the 1970s

they grew annually by 12%. In countries like Liberia, Sierra Leone and

Gambia, which quickly developed a taste for rice, per capita consumption in

1960 was about 26kg annually. Today it is 100 kg. With few exceptions, West

African- countries do not now have the foreign exchange to import enough rice

to satisfy demand. Either people will have to eat traditional foods (the

drought-resistant cereals like sorghum and millet, and cassava and maize)

or local rice production will have to soar.

Nigerian head of state Maj.-Gen. Ibrahim Babangida announced recently a ban

on further rice imports. Within hours there was a massive run on remaining

rice stocks in the country. Traders doubled, then trebeled their prices

The National Supply Company in Lagos was beseiged by anxious buyers. The

hysteria is hardly surprising: in the early 1980s, under the aegis of the

famed Umaru Dikko, Nigeria was importing about lm tonnes of rice a year

Sierra Leone's incoming president, Maj-Gen. Joseph Momoh, also has treatened

to ban imports once he officially assumed power later this month.

Certainly there is now a huge opportunity for potential local rice-growers.

Only k5l of consumption is locally produced, partly because of drought, but

largely because of low government-controlled prices, corrupt, inefficient

marketing boards and lack of resources for fertiliser. The latter is essential for high-yielding rice strains.

The West African Rice Development Association, set up by 11 West African

countries in 1970 with the aim of making the region self-sufficient, has come

to almost nothing. The member governments (now 16) usually pay their financial

contribution late, if at all, and anyhow the association's advice is habitually

ignored by governments whose senior ministers are sometimes more interested in

taking a percentage from rice imports.
Though large-scale irrigation projects cost a lot to build and maintain, thus

making irrigated rice extremely expensive, a few large projects are on the

drawing board. In Sierra Leone, for example, the Chinese state company

Agricon, says it could establish an 8,000-acre scheme fed by two dams. It

would employ 16,000 locals and produce hopefully 50,000 tonnes of rice.

(Jamil Said Mohammed, the local tycoon, is involved in the scheme).

The best, if only, example of a large-scale irrigated rice project is in Gambia

at Jahaly Paachaar, an area of traditional rice-growing. The 1,500-hectare

scheme produced its first crop in May 1984. To the astonishment of even the

expert Dutch advisory team from Euroconsult, the yield averaged seven tonnes

per hectare—more than almost anywhere else in the world. Various plans are

now afoot to establish a number of other rice projects, so that ultimately

30,000 hectares would be under irrigation. The first step, a barrage across

the river Gambia at Balinghor, would both prevent salinity creeping up the

river during droughts and enable much better use of the fresh water coming

down stream.

However, the Gambian project at Jahaly-Pachaar has two vital ingredients which

might not always be available elsewhere in the region: foreign exchange to

buy fertiliser (the IR34-450/1 rice from the Philippines and the BG90-2

from Sri Lanka must have a lot of it), and expertise (partly expatriate) to

run the project.

/9274

CSO: 3400/599
CHAD

REFUGEES RETURN FROM CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 29 Oct 85 p 6

[Article: "Massive Return of Refugees from Central African Republic"]

[Text] Over 10,000 of our compatriots who had taken refuge in the Central

African Republic, fleeing the famine and instability fostered by the Tripoli

regime in the southern part of our country, have returned to Chad in the past

few weeks, the AFP [FRENCH PRESS AGENCY] correspondent in Bangui reported,

quoting sources at the UN High Commissioner's Office for Refugees (HCR).

About 25,000 Chadians from these areas settled along the Chad-Central African

border where they received help from the HCR.

The return of these populations is due to the progressive normalization taking

place in the region. National reconciliation, a recurring theme in the

President of the Republic's domestic policy, is now bearing fruit. Witness

the agreement recently signed at Sarh by the government and Sargent Tokinon's

Central Defense Counci1/Mobile Intervention Forces, the largest armed group of

rebels in the South. The government has also undertaken large food

distributions in the area that was affected last year by an unprecedented

drought. For the time being, those who return are Chadians who had settled

in the middle regions of the Sido River but "nearly all refugees want to go

back home," an HCR official assured.

Indeed, various sources underline the precariousness of life in refugee camps.

Children malnutrition is a real problem; some 100 children are assisted every

day in nutritional centers, and 28 died of malnutrition last September.

According to Mr Calle Norena, HCR official in Bangui, we can look forward to

the future with optimism: "1 believe," he told the AFP, "that many of these

people will go back home. By the end of the year, 75 percent of the refugees

could be repatriated, and that proportion would reach 100 percent in the

border area." <CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY).

9294

CSO: 3419/101

10
CHAD

ICFTU AID TO VILLAGES REPORTED

Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 5 Nov 85 p 4

[Article: "ICFTU Gifts to Village Organizations"]

[Text] At a ceremony that took place last weekend at the Labor Exchange, aid

from the International Confederation of Free Trade-Unions (ICFTU) was

presented to the truck-farming groups of Amnaback, Gargar, Madba and Klessem.

The gifts were presented by Mr Bertrand Begiu, the ICFTU representative, in

the presence of representatives of the Chadian Labor-Union Confederation CCST]

and several Chadian personalities, including the Chari-Baguirmi assistant

prefect and the Ndjamena rural subprefect. This aid was given in answer to a

CST call to remedy the problems caused by the drought and help the victims of

these natural disasters. It is with this in mind that the ICFTU answered

positively the call of its Chadian sister confederation.

The first gesture was made in favor of truck-farming groups in 4 villages,

which received 3 motor-pumps and 8 barrels of fuel and oil worth 5.5 million

CFA francs. Note that this is not the first aid received from the ICFTU,

which has already helped the CST and the needy on several occasions. Thus,

already in 1983, it gave five trucks to the CST to bring food to areas

affected by the drought. Faced with a situation of such extent, labor unions

are far from being done with their work, and other projects will be completed

in several stages during months to come: delivery of eight more motor-pumps to

the four truck-farming groups, agricultural equipment, seeds and food for a

six-month period; construction of water-storage basins and irrigation

channels. In the same order of ideas, four clinics will be built and will

receive the required equipment and medicines, and schools will be created in

villages that still lack them. The total cost of the project is estimated at

$400,000. Completion of these projects is subject to two conditions: first,

they must be approved by the competent authorities, and the second condition

has to do with the responsible manner in which the various organizations will

have to manage the aid already received. «CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY).

9294

CSO: 3419/101

11
CHAD

CAR INFORMATION MINISTER'S VISIT REPORTED

Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 7 Nov 85 pp 2-3

[Article: "The Visit to Chad of the Central African Minister of Information

Ended Yesterday"]

[Text] Mr Joachim Da Silva Nzingue, Central African minister of information,

arts, culture and mass organizations, left Ndjamena yesterday morning after

five days of fruitful conversations with Chadian authorities. The Central

African envoy, who brought a message from the Central African chief of state,

Gen Andre Kolingba, to his brother, President El Hadj Hissein Habre, had an

audience with the chief of state on Monday. Cooperation between the two

countries was a major item on their agenda. The Central African minister of

information, accompanied by Mr Assileck Halata, minister of post and

telecommunications, acting for the minister delegate to the Presidency of the

Republic in charge of information, took part in a working session with

officials from the Ministry of Information.

During the last but one day of his visit, the Central African minister of

information visited the headquarters of the CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY and the

Chadian National Radio-Broadcasting Company. Yesterday morning, Joachim Da

Silva Nzingue went to the headquarters of the UNIR [National Union for

Independence and Revolution], where he attended a working meeting with members

of the UNIR Central Committee. According to Assileck Halata, the Central

African minister had the structures and operation of our great movement, the

UNIR, explained to him. He became fully familiar with the activities of this

mass movement and was given a comprehensive documentation on our uniting

movement by political officials. The participants at the working session

were the UNIR assistant executive secretary, Messrs Sidi Sougoumi, Kassire

Koumakoye, finance commissioner, Adoum Moussa Seif, assistant commissioner to

foreign relations, and Assileck Halata, minister of post and

telecommunications, acting for the minister delegate to the Presidency of the

Republic in charge of information.

Before leaving Ndjamena, the Central African minister, who was accompanied by

the acting minister of information, Assileck Halata, and by Adoum Moussa

Seif, minister of economy and commerce, confided his impressions to the

CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY.

12
"They are very good," the Central African envoy said. "I came to a brother

country and the welcome I was given by Chadian officials undeniably proves it.

I have lived in Chad for five days and I realize that the Chadians, led by His

Excellency El Had,j Hissein Habre, are united from north to south, from east to

west, and the officials I met have shown to me that they are patriots, they

have a sense of what the State is about, and follow a policy of national

reconciliation."

"On both sides," Joachim Da Silva went on, "we have bases for cooperation;

we have prepared the ground as far as my department is concerned, and we are

going to implement it immediately." Asked about the concrete results of

contacts made with Chadian authorities, Joachim Da Silva indicated "that it

was agreed with high officials of the Ministry of Information that it would be

possible to obtain from Chad parts for a 100-kW transmitter; it was also

agreed that we would exchange news bulletins fairly rapidly and regularly;

and, finally, with the telex system we agreed to exchange information from

reliable sources, friendly sources, information that will be genuinely Central

African and Chadian." The possibility of an exchange of programs by the

radio-broadcasting companies of the two countries was also considered, as well

as the organization of symposiums, technical seminars with media officials,

and "making study tours within our countries rather than abroad as we usually

do." "We are doomed to live together, to understand each other at subregion

level," the Central African minister of information pointed out.

To the last question on south-south cooperation, the special envoy of

President Andre Kolingba answered that one example of better subregional

cooperation is the one currently taking place within the Customs and Economic

Union of Central Africa CUDEAC]. The UDEAC is evolving, and this reflects our

leaders' determination to cooperate. The UDEAC is over 20 years old and has

had successes and failures; it is truly operational. To this should be added

the Community of Central African States (CEAC) which gathers brothers in the

subregions with a broader zone: French, Portuguese and English speaking.

(CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY).

9S94

CSQ: 3419/103

13
CHAD

BAHR AZOUM DAM REPAIRED

Ndjamena INFO TCHAD in French 85 Oct 85 pp 6-7

[Article from correspondent in Am-Timan, Carmel Rodjibaye: "Salamat: Dam on

the Bahr Azoum River"]

[Text] Repair of the Bahr Azoum dam started on 21 October. The project is

managed by local representatives of the International Action Against Hunger

(AICF) and the German Action for Agriculture (AAA).

The importance of the dam is recognized beyond any doubt, and Salamat

administrative and political authorities decided to show their interest by

coming to the site. The dam construction is part of the so-called "Bar Azoum

Operation."

When completed, the dam will retain a large amount of water over a distance of

about 50 km, from Am-Timan to Alk-Kouk. Ten thousand bags filled with earth

will be used to make a pyramid-shaped gravity dam 6.5 m at the base, 3.5 m at

the top, 2 m high and 60 m long. The bags are piled up, and reinforced by

wooden stakes on each side as work progresses. A spillway will be provided at

one end to prevent the dam from being destroyed should the water level rise

too suddenly.

The work is done by teams of 30 supervised by site foremen, and according to

the formula "Food for Work." The dam, which is built along the Am-TimanHaraze-Mangueigne road, will make it possible to use the road, which is now

closed until the water level falls.

But the main objective of the dam, when the rains stop suddenly and the crops

are endangered, will be to enable the population to grow food crops along the

reservoir. It will provide water for the cattle, so that cohabitation between

sedentary and nomad populations of the region, who often quarrel around the

rare wells during the dry season, will be less difficult; and it may even

encourage the nomads, who are always looking for water, to settle down. The

population will also have to fish longer, and reforestation along Bahr Azoum

is also a possibility. As far as the environment is concerned, construction

of the water-retaining dam, experts say, will increase the volume of

underground water.

14
In short, people in Am-Timan do not feel that the Salamat will be out of the

rut before the dam is built, but that will no doubt be one more factor in the

effective climate-control campaign that will be led along the Bahr Azoum River

to make life more pleasant for the 167,000 people of the prefecture. And it

is with much eagerness that the dam is being built. (CHADIAN PRESS AGENCY).

9894

CSQ: 3419/101

15
DJIBOUTI

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, SUCCESSION EXAMINED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 3 Nov 85 pp 7-8

[Text] It is increasingly likely that 74-year-old President Hassan Gouled

Aptidon will step down before May 1987, when his six-year term of office

office officially ends. His health is shaky—in July he went to France for

treatment—and he now spends much of his time at Arta, outside the capital.

The sole political party, Le Rassemblement Popularie pour le Progres (RPP),

is badly in need of more internal democracy, and the government bureaucracy

barely functions. The president, who has a monopoly of executive power,

takes even the smallest of decisions. And only he can intervene when there

is disagreement between ministers. This extreme centralisation of power,

which leaves the prime minister, Barkad Gourad Hamadou, in an almost nominal

position, is the root cause of the bureaucracy's inertia.

There are three notable presidential candidates:

—Moumin Fahdon, minister of foreign affairs and secretary-general of the

RPP. He is well-known internationally and has the backing of a number of

influential Arab and French financiers.

—Mrs Ismael Guedi, the president's cabinet director. She is privy to all

decisions, and is thus very powerful.

—Aden Robleh Awaleh, the former minister of commerce, transport and tourism.

A charismatic figure, his leading role in the war of independence makes him

extremely popular. At present he is third vice-president of the RPP Politbüro. In the mould of the French socialist politician M. Rocard, he is regarded as a critic of the party. He defends in particular the idea of developing Djibouti into a mini Switzerland to serve the region.

Significantly Guedi and Robleh, under the aegis of minister of interior

Youssouf Ali Chirdon, appear to have joined forces, leaving the foreign minister by himself. There are one or two less noteworthy presidential candidates, such as Ismael Omar Gelle, the president's chef du cabinet—a title

not to be confused with cabinet director (Guedi). The succession is still

very much in the primary stage. (Various external influences are also at

work, not least because of the financial influence of Saudi Arabia and Libya,

and of course France, which remains by far the most important foreign connection in practically all fields).

16
So far all the potential presidential candidates are of Isa ethnicity, like

Hassan Gouled himself. The Afars, whose most senior representative is the

prime minister, want to ensure they keep at least this post, and accordingly

they will support the presidential candidate who promises most convincingly

to increase the prime minister's powers. Aden Robleh is certainly not hostile

to the idea of an influential prime minister.

Economically Djibouti has not lived up to expectations—despite its liberal

investment code, a lot of international assistance and a monetary system

which fixes the exchange rate to the dollar. The presidential succession

issue has further damaged confidence. Unemployment among the 18 to 30-yearr

olds appears to be as high as 80%, and every year the secondary schools turn

out another 1,000 students who stand almost no chance of finding work.

Student unrest last April prompted a demonstration outside parliament.

A major cause for the above crisis is the impractical educational syllabus.

It neither produces technicians, specialised workers nor linguists. Because

of its geographical position, Djiboutiens need French, English and Arabic.

At one stage a number of American and Swiss banks were looking at the possibility of establishing regional offices in Djibouti. But they were put off

by the bureaucracy's slowness and the absence of a clear economic plan.

Financial support by OPEC, which last year contributed only $lm to Djibouti,

has waned in parallel to OPEC's declining oil revenues. Some important

projects have even been put on ice as a result of donors reducing their

financial pledges. The geothermal energy project in Hanle and Gaggade regions in the south, for example, which has $16.5m of international and earmarked for it, is at least two years behind schedule.

/9274

CSO: 3400/599

17
KENYA

BRIEFS

AMOCO OIL PROSPECTS—The president of the United States AMOCO oil company,

Henry Boswell, had a meeting on October 5 with Kenyan president Daniel

Arap Moi to discuss current oil prospecting operations in the country.

AMOCO is reported to be very optimistic over the chances of discovering

oil reserves in Kanya after analysis of the initial survey results. The

company is committed to spending almost 700 million Kenyan shillings

(some 43 million dollars) on looking for oil in the three blocks allocated

to it since November 1984. Block 10, covering 84,503 square kilometres

in the north of the country, is highly promising as its geological structure

is identical to that of fields already discovered in southern Sudan by

the Chevron company. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in

English 12 Oct 85 p 8] /9317

FRG PLANES BOUGHT—Kenya Airways has ordered two Airbus airliners of the

A310-300 series, to become the first African airline to use the latest

version of this European-manufactured transport, the West German partner

in the Airbus consortium announced in Frankfurt on October 8. The first

aircraft will be delivered next May and the second the following September.

[Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 12 Oct 85 p 8] /9317

AID FROM ABU DHABI—Kenya signed an agreement on September 28 with the Abu

Dhabi fund for Arab economic development for financing to the tune of

59 million dollars, the building of a road from Kabarnet to Tambach in

Rift Valley province. The construction of this route will enable the region

to be opened up for tourism. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER

in English 5 Oct 85 p 6] /9317

CSO: 3400/508

18
MADAGASCAR

AMNESTY BILL SPLIT ASSEMBLY

Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 16 Nov 85 p 5

[Text]

Madagascar's national assembly approved after a long and noisy debate

on November 6 a bill granting an amnesty for "minor delinquents". The

measure does not apply to serious infractions like insulting the head of

state, prejudicing national security, embezzling funds while in public

office, etc. Those concerned will have to submit a request for pardon to

the president, who will make his decision known by decree.

The debate sparked off by this amnesty bill split the members of the

assembly into two distinct camps: on one side were the unconditional

supporters of President Didier RATSIRAKA, who were in favour of the

measure, and on the other were those afflicted by doubts in the face of a

persistent worsening of the public security situation. A considerable

number of deputies strongly opposed the bill on the grounds that it would

release numerous offenders back into society at a time when cases of

mugging, cattle-rustling and murder are increasing throughout the

country. The bill was only finally passed by a small majority.

I.O.N.- The assembly had already revealed its internal conflicts

during the vote on the investment code (see I.O.N. N°185) and on the

budget (in particular that for'agriculture). Furthermore, the speaker

of the assembly, Lucien X.M. ANDRIANAHARAJINKA, number two in the

regime, has twice in the last few weeks shown his annoyance with the

executive: the first time was at Fianarantsoa, when in President

RATSIRAKA's presence he implied that the latter was trying to remove

the Betsileo ethnic group from positions of power; the second was at

the opening of the current parliamentary session, when he demanded

that the' government explain itself better with regard to the problems

confronting the country. It is true that the president has been trying

for some time to replace Mr ANDRANAHARAJINKA, himself a Betsileo, at

the head of the assembly by the Reverend ZAKARIAS. a former ambassador

to Moscow, who comes from the same Tamatave region as Mr. RATSIRAKA.

/8309

CSO: 3400/584

19
MOZAMBIQUE

RESIDENTS IN ZIMBABWE FORM ORGANIZATION TO HELP HOMELAND

Harare THE HERALD in English 22 Nov 85 p 9

[Text] MOZAMBICANS resident in Zimbabwe have formed an organiaalion

to help improve the living standard*» and health of their kith and kin

fat their homeland.

Tlie Mozambique Development Society alma to

start farming co-operatives near the border with

Zimbabwe on the Mozamblcan side to provide jobs

and a source of Income

for destitute Mozamblcans said the; chairman

of the society, Cde Phineos Phlll.

He said that the successful operation of these

co-operatives would help

stem the tide of Mozamblcans flooding1

into Zimbabwe lookKg for work,

mostly in agriculture.

"We decided to start

the society to give security to destitute Mozamblcaris who wander about

aimlessly not knowing

whore they will even

sleep day after day,"

said Cde Phlll.

Although the Mozambique Development

Society was started

barely a month ago, It

already has a membership

of nearly 2 000 and Is

growing dally.

"We went to farms

around Zimbabwe recruiting members and we

found that the response

was tremendous. Mozamblcans in Zimbabwe arc

really serious about Improving the plight of the

peoplo In their country,"

he said.

"Our perception Is that

peoplo of Mozambique

should try to help themselves by developing their

country economically nnd

working In jobs that

creat« wealth," said Cde

Phlll.

! He said that the society

strongly condemned the

, destabilising tactics of

the MNR which disrupted

the Mozambioan people

from putting maximum

input into their work pnd

the development of their

country.

"The society Is grateful

: to the Zimbabwean Government for harbouring

Mozamblcan displaced

people and In Ita attempts

to crush the MNP."

/8309

CSO: 3400/584

20
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

ENCOURAGING OIL SIGNS—Maputo—Mozambique is searching for oil to boost its economy.

Seismic testing for oil conducted ny an Exxon/Shell joint venture in northern Mozambique

has been completed and the first exploratory well,is to be drilled early next year.

The director of ENH, the State oil company, Mr Mario Marques, said the two

companies had found two possible drilling locations in their 2,000 square

kilometre search area in the Rovuma River basin, onshore in Cabo Delgado Province

in the extreme north of the country. Mozambique is believed to possess

commercially exploitable qualities of crude oil, although Mr Marques cautioned

that no discovery had yet been made and that production could not be expected

to begin before the early 1990s. It was hoped the country could become a modest

exporter of crude to boost flagging receipts from traditional exports like

cashew nuts and service income from its ports and railways. Amoco Corporation,

which has just completed a detailed seismic survey of two offshore blocks in

the Zambezi delta area of central Mozambique, is also expected to drill its first

well next year. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR (Business) in English 15 Nov 85

p 19] /8309

CSO: 3400/584

21
NAMIBIA

HIEMSTRA PROVISIONALLY ACCEPTS COUNCIL CHAIRMANSHIP

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2J Nov 85 p 1

/Article: "Hiemstra for Namibia?_y

/Text7" WINDHOEK - A former South African

judge, Mr Victor Hiemstra, has provisionally accepted nomination as chairman of Namibia's Constitutional Coundl. v .■■■■■■

' Mr Hiemstra, who was Chief Justice

of Bophuthatswana before retiring last

year, set down a number of conditions in

his letter of acceptance to the government in Windhoek. ,'

The Cabinet of the Multi-Party Conference (MPC) administration is to consider these conditions today before confirming the appointment. ' < >

Mr tllemstra was nominated for the

post because the previous incumbent, Mr

Pieter van der Byl, resigned after an acrimonious battle developed in the Cabinet over his appointment. ;

The tussle, Which at times threatened

to shatter the fragile unity of the fivemonth-old government, cost Namiblan

taxpayers more than R500 000 in legal

fees, and Ina "golden handshake" payout

ot R180 000 to Mr van der Byl.

The fight also delayed the sitting of

the Constitutional Council, which is due

to sit down and thrash out a constitution

for the territory within the next two

years.

A285I

CSO: 3^00/586

22
NAMIBIA

RACE DISCRIMINATION SAID TO THRIVE IN NATION

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Nov 85 p 12

/Article by Brendan Seery; Star's Africa News Service:

Still Thrives in Namibia^/

"Race Discrimination

/Text/ It is ten years since Namibia started taking down the

outward and visible signs of apartheid such as these seen in

the montage /Photo not included/. But in practice what effect

has it really had on race discrimination in the country? To

judge by the attitude of some hardliners the answer would seem

to be, very little.

rr^In"reality^ having a dark skin

Ümeans abuse at the worst or secondIclass treatment at best for the majority of Namibia's citizens. Even

«those holding high office in the new

j Multi-Party Conference (MPC) government are not immune.

'/ Deputy ministers McHarry Booy-

*sen and Dr Lukas de Vries recently

! found out that white racial attitudes

die hard in some rural areas of the

country. Visiting Ökahanja — about

>,70 km north of Windhoek — on offif

(cial business, the two men walked

!into a restaurant for a meal and

were taken to a table well away

from the other, white, patrons. They

left in disgust and went to a second

restaurant, where they were told to

sit outside.

When they asked the owner why

. they could not sit inside, they were

sharply told: "You eat outside." >ij

The new administration's Minister of Transport, Mr Dawid Bezuidenhout, often recalls the time he

was threatened with a firearm when

he refused to be served, like the

others of his race, from a side win*,

dow of a restaurant.'

Coloured and black members of

the Government have found, when

they are travelling on official business, that hotels in rural "dorps" are

often "booked up" when they ask

about accommodation. White colA decade ago, workmen in Wind*

hoek were busy removing the "Net

blankes" and "Net nie-blankes'',

signs from public buildings. S;

I Owambos, Hereros and coloured

people were permitted to drink in

the same bars as Afrikaners and,

Scotsmen. In dimly-lit, noisy discos,;

black and brown girls shuffled tos

the beat in the arms of white men. j

i South Africans watched the new;

developments in "South West" from

afar, wondering if they were a por-j

, tent of the future in their own coun-'

|try. Depending on your point of

'view, the new situation was either]

(the beginning of the end of the white'

man, or the opening of doors to a;

new era of freedom and racial co-'

operation.

: Ten years down Namibia's rocky,

i twisted political path, however,

very little further has changed and

J discrimination on the grounds of

race remains the dominant feature

in this South African-administered

v territory.

t.. Laws enacted in the late 1970s

(now make it possible for all races to

buy propoerty in the former whites-'

only suburbs of Windhoek and other

fcentres.lt is also now an offence,

! punishable by a stiff fine, to discriminate against anyone on the

?grounds of skin colour. '': ; ''

23
leagues who inquire at the saume

time, however, are told there is

plenty of room. ___ i__ _.. .;

Justice Minister, Mr Fanuel Kozonguizi was heard to complain

loudly recently that he had been

stopped and exhaustively ques*

tioned by a white policeman at a

roadblock while a white motorist

was allowed to pass unhindered.

Earlier this year, in the National

Assembly in Windhoek, a Labour

Party member, Pastor Dan Strydom, said the treatment meted out

to non-whites at« camps and tourist

facilities run by the Department of

Nature Conservation was sometimes "inhuman, scandalous and

barbaric". ' '•• • •' ;

; Pastor Strydom added: "The

whites must be told they were hurting us when we are handled like

this."

The five-month-old MPC Government, which is anxious to shed its

image of being a South African "set

up" has promised to enforce vigorously the laws on racial discrimination. Shopkeepers and restaurateurs who practice discrimination

have also been warned that they,

iace losing their licences.

" However, so far there have been

no prosecutions under the act, and

non-whites seem disinclined to put

the new Government's willpower to

the test.

>' Many whites remain the racists

they were ten years ago. Despite all

,the high-minded talk in the national

assembly by the politicians of reconciliation and improving "human

relationships", derogatory forms of

address such as "klonkie " and "kaf-^

fir" are still commonplace when

whites speak to their countrymen.

• It has been reported that white

Government officials have referred

scathingly on occasions to "daai

kaffer ministers" of the new administration. The Windhoek Observer

newspaper also reported the incident where a judge of the Supreme

Court allegedly referred to an accused as a "jong klonkie".

And the country's solid foundations of apartheid remain unshaken.

South African Government proclaj

mation AG8, which divides up the

land among various "ethnic authorities", has ensured that the whites

keep their schools, their clubs, their

health facilities.

And it appears that it will be a,

long time before AG8 is seriously

challenged or shaken.

r Slowly, though, the MPC Government is moving to tackle the problem.

Earlier this month they managed,

after some heated debate, to chip

another piece from the aparthied

.monolith when all public libraries

iwere thrown open to all races.

/12851

CSO: 3^00/586

24
EX-DE BEERS EMPLOYEE TELLS OF PLAN TO STRIP NATION OF DIAMONDS

NAMIBIA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Nov 85 p 13

/Article: "Plan to Strip Namibia of Diamonds Alleged^/

ßextf WINDHOEK - A former employee of the De Beers Namibian subsidiary, Consolidated;

Diamond Mines (CDM), is

threatening to expose what he

calls a deliberate "scorchedearth" policy which would

leave an independent Namibia

stripped of much of its daimond wealth. |

Mr Gordon Brown — for-i

merly technical assistant to the

general manager at CDM's

Oranjemund mine — claims

the diamond-mining company,

is extracting as many dia-;

monds as it can before the ter-i

ritory becomes independent;

under a black government. \

Mr Brown (38) told The;

Star's Africa News Service

from his home in the Cape yesterday that he had proof to

back his allegations.

He said he had decided to

make public the fact purely,

from a moral standpoint. He

said he believed that the rate

of exploitation at the Oranjemund mine was so great that

the workings might be exhausted or reduced to a sub-economic level within an extremely

short time.

'LAYERS OF SECRECY'

In an advertisement placed

in a Windhoek newspaper, Mr

Brown said the report would

lift "the layers of secrecy that

have hidden the activities of

the diamond-mining companies

from public scrutiny for so

long".

/ The public relations manager for CDM, Mt Clive Cowjey,,

said the company had no com-'

ment to make about Mr

Brown's allegations. He said,

however, that Mr Brown could

not be considered to be a mining expert.

* Mr Brown gave evidence to,

the Thirion Commission of Inquiry, which was appointed to

probe alleged government corruption and maladministration,

and which investigated the dia*

mond-industry in particular.

CDM refused to give evidence to the commission, arguing that Mr Justice PW

Thirion was exceeding his

terms of reference in probing

CDM's operations.

The company also said that

it was concerned that the publication of senstive information

concerning marketing and production might.damage both it

and the entire Namibian mining industry.

Experts testified to he commission that Namibia may

have lost revenue on gems

worth Rl 000 million exported

from the territory during the

late 70s and early 80s.

Mr Brown said that he had,

during his 15 years with CDM,

, become aware of the exploitation, but that his comments

about it were ignored by management. When he began to

help publicise the state of affairs, he was transferred to

Kimberley, and later left the

company, he claimed.

; He said he had been warned

that CDM would take legal action against him if he did not

/'keep my mouth shut".

/1285I , . CSO: 3^00/586 25
NIGER

RECENT CABINET RESHUFFLE ANALYZED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Nov 85 p 8

[Text] In Adversity

The cabinet reshuffle at the end of September reflected President Seyni

Kountche's worries about the deteriorating economy, the continued threat of

Libyan-backed insurgency in the north of the country, and growing domestic

pressure for a return to civilian rule. The Conseil National de Developpement (CND), the body which is supposed to spawn the "authentic" African

institutions needed to provide a framework for eventual civilian government

(AC Vol 24 No 8), has been reinforced, and the army has been brought more

into decisionmaking.

Lt-Col. Toumba Boubacar, leader of the army's technocrats (and a Djerma

like the president), is the new minister of the civil service and labour—

a very sensitive portfolio because of the need to trim the bureaucracy, not

least to satisfy the IMF. Previously he acquired a non-nonsense reputation

when he oversaw the rationalising of parastatals. A former deputy army commander was appointed minister of youth and sports—a post no less delicate

because of the large number of unemployed youth and the pressure they exert

to speed up the return to civilian rule. He helped put down the 1983 coup

attempt by the president's marabout, Lt. Amadou Oumarou, who now lives in

exile in Belgium.

Another important aspect of the reshuffle was the inclusion in government of

more Touregs, the largely nomadic people who account for about 10% of Niger's

6m population. For years they have been In the cold politically. Accordingly many of them were greatly influenced by Col. Moammar Gadaffi's call for

rebellion against Kountche's government. In May a Libyan-trained Toureg

commando unit attacked the north oasis town of Tchin-Tabaraden (AC Vol 26

No 15).

The Toureg prime minister, Hamid Algabid, had thus kept his post. And Allele

Habidou's agriculture portfolio was raised to the rank of full ministry. But

the most spectacular move was the appointment of Khamed Abdoulaye, a Toureg

from Tchin-Tabaraden, as minister of the interior. Special attention is

also being given to the financial needs of Toureg businessmen; and scholarships for Toureg students wanting higher education are now less rare.

26
A notable new face In the cabinet is the 35-year-old minister of foreign

affairs and co-operation, Mahamane Sani Bako, who impressed Kountche while

he was his chef du cabinet—a post now filled by another young lion, Haraa

Hamadou. (Bako's predecessor, Ide Oumarou, is now OAU secretary-general).

Other new-boys of the same technocratic generation include Maina Moussa

Boukar, minister of parastatals, and Amadou Madougou, state secretary for

education. The 40-55-year-old technocrats have also gained influence,

particularly the minister of finance, Boukary Adji, who is in good stead

with the IMF. Almoustapha Soumalla, minister of planning, is-similarly

favoured. Moumouni Yacouba, minister of public works, and Amadou Nouhou,

minister of commerce and industry, are also considered to be on the political rise.

Kountche has retained a loyal core of the old guard: Daouda Diallo, minister

of information, Sani Koutabi (a former member of the left-wing Sawaba movement) , minister of mines, and Amadou Fiti Maiga, minister-delegate of the interior. A small circle of eminences grises is still relied on to perform

the more delicate domestic and international tasks. The president's brother,

Ahmadou Kountche, who is head of the Union Regionale des Cooperatives, pulls

strings with local chiefs—a role also performed by the first lady, Madame

Mintou. Personal presidential business in Africa is often conducted by Dr.

Ibrahim Alfa, a Peuhl. On the security side, Col. Ali Saibou, the army commander looks after army affairs, Commander Salif Tenko (Hausa), head of the

Gendarmerie National and a presidential confidant, does the same in the

police, and Koutche himself heads the secret service, La Coordination Generale.

The most important military matter is the defence of the morth against

fufcther Libyan-supported attacks. The French are helping to reinforce the

northern defences. American satellite monitoring of Libya presumably provides useful inteligence at times. Algeria also now keeps a closer eye on

the 50,000-strong Toureg population in southern Algeria. Col. Saibou has

taken personal charge of military affairs in the north.

This year's almost normal rains saved the rural economy from catastrophe.

But the government's exchequer fares badly so long as uranium prices are low.

There is no alternative to IMF conditions, which directly and indirectly

entail the liquidating of four parastatals, the privatising of 10 others,

the cutting of subsidies on basic foodstuffs and services, the lifting of

price controls and liberalisation of the cereals market. Unrest among

students (half the population is aged under 21) and the poor quarters of

Niamey is a foregone conclusion.

/9274

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27
SOMALIA

ETHIOPIAN-BACKED OPPOSITION IN DISARRAY

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 13 Nov 85 p 7

[Text] Opposition Bust-up.

The Ethiopian government has finally lost patience with the divisions in the

Democratic Front for the Salvation of Somalia (DFSS). On 1 October the

founder and chairman of the DFSS, Col. Abdullah! Yusuf, was detained by

Ethiopian security a few hours after four of his closest supporters, including two of his bodyguards, were shot and killed by Ethiopian security at the

Karamarda Hotel in Dire Dawa. Col. Abdullah! is now being held in Addis

Ababa. Half a dozen other leading DFSS members were also detained, including Col. Abdullahi's personal adviser, Abdullahi Mohammed Hassan; the DFSS

military commander, Mohammed Warsami 'Höre'; the operations officer, Col.

Abdulkarim Sheikh Doon; and the commander and deputy commander of DFSS forces

at Balambale, the enclave inside Somalia captured for the DFSS by Ethiopian

forces in July 1982.

The latest trouble follows months of attempts (AC Vol 26 No 14) to oust Col.

Abdullahi. It resulted in the deaths of two central committee members in

October last year; the breakaway of others to form a new group in Aden, the

Somali Popular Liberation Front; and the return of hundreds of others to

Somalia under an amnesty. Under heavy pressure at a central committee meeting last August, Col. Abdullahi agreed, most unwillingly, to allow investigations of DFSS finances and strategy, and to have them made public at the

next congress, due in a month or so. However, we understand he also planned

to pre-empt any criticism that might have surfaced by arresting his opponents

first, before the congress met. But with Ethiopia finally convinced that

Col. Abdullahi was not prepared to join with the other main opposition movement, the Somali National Movement (SNM), his opponents were able to get

Ethiopian permission to strike first.

As soon as Col. Abdullahi was detained, about seven members of the DFSS

central committee met to choose an acting chairman until a congress can be

held, probably in December, though there are already moves to postpone it

for another year. At least two candidates who attended the meeting turned

down the job before it was offered to Mohammed Abshir, a DFSS member from

Nairobi who was not on the central committee. We understand a Libyan representative was present at this meeting, even though earlier this year Libya

28
stopped its financial support for the DFSS, despite a visit to Tripoli by

Col. Abdullah!. Mohammed Abshir accepted the offer and flew to Ethiopia,

to be confirmed at another central committee meeting, this time of 20 members in Dire Dawa on 21 October and in the presence, it appears, of the

permanent secretary of the Ethiopian ministry of public and state security,

Moges Habte Mariam, and the Ethiopian security liaison officer with the

DFSS, Col. Miskine.

The appointment of Mohammed Abshir will not end the DFSS' problems. Several

members of the central committee, including the vice chairman, Omar Sterline,

in Nairobi, have made it clear they will not return to Addis Ababa for the

time being. Others, in Ethiopia, have indicated their anger at Ethiopian

interference in DFSS affairs (though they had no love for Col. Abdullah!).

The new acting chairman also has yet to win backing from the 1,000 or so DFSS

guerrillas still in the military camps near the border, or from the influential

traditional Majerteen Sultan, Sheikh Islan Abdillahi Farah. (Both Abshir

and the Sheikh come from the Rer Mahad, the same section of the Omar Mohamoud

sub clan of the Majerteen who make up the bulk of the DFSS. Many of the

actual guerrilla fighters come from another section of the Omar Mohammoud,

the Rer Khalaf.) Most important perhaps, Abshir has yet to prove to the

Ethiopians that he will be more malleable or any more prepared for unity with

the SNM, one of the main Ethiopian requirements for supporting any future DFSS

chairman.

/9274

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29
SOUTH AFRICA

ANC WOULD CLAIM POLITICAL VICTORY IF MANDELA RELEASED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 25 Nov 85 p 19

[Text]

LUSAKA — If Nelson Mandela is ever released, the

African National Congress will claim a considerable

political victory.

A decade of domestic and international campaigning by

the ANC, its international support groups and many others,

in which Mandela has been accorded a status achieved by no

other contemporary revolutionary, will have borne fruit.

ANC sources say the fruit will be sweet, not bitter.

They rule out completely the suggestion that Mandela's release

would upset the leadership or political equilibrium o£-the.outlawed

movement. ; v' ^ ' ■■ ' ' *'

Whatever complexion the

South African Government

tries to put on his release —

, perhaps that it is a humanitarian act or one of reform rather

; than a concession to massive

domestic and international

pressure which is now supported by the country's foreign

.creditors - ANC sources argue

that their "victory" will not be

i undermined.

<* "Willy-nilly, the Government

will have been forced to release its number one enemy —

, the commander-in- chief of

. Umkhonto we Sizwe," said a

„Frontline State ANC source.

; It will spur the ANC on, say

the sources, to demand the unconditional release of all other

' political prisoners and detainees. Mandela has been only the

j central and pre-eminent focus i

.;>.of this broader campaign. .:." -i

And, if Mandela is not re-

, leased unconditionally — perhaps to internal banishment or

restriction, or into exile — the

campaign will merely undergo

a marginal shift. , ,, „

At the time of the banning of

: the ANC in 1960, his 18 months'

underground and his being sent

to jail, Mandela was, with

. Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisu-

, lu, one of an operational trium-

• virate of deputies to then ANC

"president Albert Luthuli, according to ANC sources.

This triumvirate was created to deal with the emergency

then confronting the ANC. - Mandela was also commander-:

.in-chief of Umkhonto. <

TOP LEVEL LEADER

j ANC sources say that, on his

unconditional release, Mandela

would, in all likelihood, be immediately and publicly appointed to the uppermost levels

;' of the political leadership on

the ANC national executive ,

committee. The executive has

the power to co-opt up to five

members. Mandela would also

. still be head of Umkhonto.

, The sources rule out comple-,

, tely any likelihood of personality clashes or rivalries around

; such a move. They point out

that leadership of the ANC is

becoming an increasingly col-

. lective enterprise. They add

that Tambo and Mandela have

30
/9274

CSO: 3400/592

been friends since youth — in

i the ANC Youth League, as

1

legal partners and as political

intimates.

'. In the view of many exiles,

' Tambo is a man generally

badly underestimated by out-;

siders. For his part, Tambo has

actively promoted Mandela's

. stature and the demands for his;

release. His reputation is that i;

> of a man above squabbles.

Several of the younger mem- Ej

bers of the ANC executive,

'■■ were, in their student days,

proteges of Mandela, Govan '

s Mbeki, Sisulu and other Rivonia lifers. The ANC sources also'

rule out the possibility of any"5

!

ideological clashes — perhaps,.

along "nationalist" versus

"communist" lines — within')

. the ANC should Mandela be released. ;

;

They point out that Mandela,'

like Tambo, started out as an

anti-communist Africanist in

the ANC Youth League, And '

they believe that Mandela re-i,

mains, primarily, a nationalist.

But, over the years of joint

.activity with communists such ;

as Moses Kotane, JB Marks,

Govan Mbeki and Bram

Fischer in the 1950s and 1960s,

Mandela's earlier anti-commünism gave way to the view that

the South African Communist'

Party was a worthy part of 1

what is termed the "national

liberation movement".

31
SOUTH AFRICA

STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS SEEK NEW TALKS WITH ANC

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 6

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

STELLENBOSCH University students have ]

;' completed their examinations and are look-

' ing forward to vacation activities — like*»

resuming their attempts to talk to the';

; banned African National Congress. I.

; Unrepentant after their confrontation ' with President P W Botha and the Govern-1

: ment, the eight Matie students who had *

their passports withdrawn are now deter- 'i

mined to hold talks internally. If they can't <

,; talk directly with the ANC, then they intend'

to talk to other non-parliamentary groups.

Mr Phillip Verster, chairman of the Stel-

' lenbosch Students' Representative Council

and member of the abortive mission to Lusaka, said this week the matter had been on

; ice because of examinations. <?

';• But now that exams were over, further '

activities were planned, he said.

A visit to Lusaka seems remote as only '

one of the students has had his passport re- I

turned — for an unrelated overseas visit. i

:i

But contacts with other groups internally

. were now on the cards, Mr Verster indicat-

; ed. For obvious reasons, he declined to give

details. -''.'"'ilv1',

He rejected a rumour that the 'students".!

had decided to visit the ANC Youth League

n Lusaka after security policemen, including Major Craig Williamson, had turned >

down an invitation to address them on the ;

l Mr Verster said the planned visit had'

/nothing to do with Major Williamson turning down an invitation. The planned visit

had been motivated purely by » wish to end

the chaos in South Africa by cheating ä better understanding. ■■,;•' • .. :.':!, ..•:

«Major Williamson, the former• "superb •'''

spy", is reported to be planning to leave the '

Police. One of the reasons is said to be'

his opposition to the Government's heavy-!;

ihanded approach to the ANC. -

!

/9274

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32
SOUTH AFRICA

POLITICAL SCIENTIST ANALYZES ANC'S NEW PHASE IN 'PEOPLE'S WAR'

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p 2

[Article by Paul Bell]

[Text]

THERE is evidence that the ANC's

armed struggle — since the adoption

in June of a ^people's war" strategy

involving large numbers of people

and modest technology — is becoming increasingly internally-based

and able to be sustained independently of external resources.

But this week's spate of mine attacks

on the north-western edge of the Transvaal and yesterday's attempted rocket

attack on Sasol indicate the implementation of another decision — to expand the

armed struggle in rural areasto complement the "people's war".

According to Tom Lodge, the "people's war" is already in motion and is

evidenced by:

DThe spate of grenade attacks in the

Western Cape;

The greater activity this year of the

ANC's military wing, Umkhonto we

Sizwe (UwS), in the form of attacks on

those defined by the ANC as collaborators or Security Police agents;

More attacks on people this year than

on installations; and

D Increasing reports of thefts of wea- • pons from security forces — "disarming

of the enemy" — providing a local supply independent of external sources.

Addressing the SA Institute of Foreign

! Affairs this week on the subject of black

R.oliti5££in.

ce the emergency, Lodge said i

the ANC had decided in June, at its

second consultative conference in

Kabwe, Zambia, to embrace the concept

of people's war.

Two other Kabwe decisions had been-'

The inclusion of soft targets in broadening the scope of violence.

Heavy township casualties and cross-1

border raids had helped persuade the

ANC Old Guard that, while attacks

should not necessarily be aimed at causing large numbers of casualties, these '

should not deter them.

i D The rejection of negotiations with the

; SA government unless it demonstrated '

i its willingness to dismantle apartheid,

< and free political prisoners.

The adoption of "people's war" re- '

quired the integration of the armed

struggle in the lives of the people, particularly youth. It also required the s

democratisation" of the technology of this

warfare - developing the use of simple

technology for use in guerrilla actions

involving large numbers.

' This was aimed at achieving maximum political impact on the target

i group, and on making the "war" more

t visible to whites without necessarily killing them in larger numbers.

Lodge described this weeks' landmine ,

attacks as "significant, a new tactic, one

not used before and a pointer to the '

future, and which might make the lives

of people in rural areas increasingly uni

! comfortable". B

'

I The ANC distinguished between talks

[ and negotiations. Negotiations with gov-!

ernment would, in their view, be premature because it would still be dealing

from a position of weakness.

, But Lodge believed there might have

been some level of contact through intermediaries on the question of Nelson

Mandea's release, because both sides

would have something to gain.

The ANC was willing, however, to talk '

to others as an educational process to

make its own position clear. There was

also a new climate of openness in the '

ii » V

was evidenced by the naming of

all ANC executive members for the first time.

33
/9274

CSO: 3400/593

"They seem to be less" defensive, less

sensitive to outside inquiry, partly because they are concerned to build

bridges, to attract people in areas in

which they were hitherto not interested

or hopeful of winning support."

Lodge saw September's talks with the

SA business delegation as an attempt to

show business the ANC was not as devilish an alternative as it might seem. More

important, the discussions had involved

issues the ANC itself had yet to resolve

on the management of a post-apartheid

economy.

Regarding the impact of the emergency on the ANC, Lodge said it had not

affected areas in which there were high

levels of UwS activity. Durban, for example, had traditionally been an important area of activity, but was exempt.

The ANC's influence abroad had been

enhanced by the emergency, which was

perceived externally as an admission by

government of a state of crisis.

Internally, among whites, the emergency's effect on the economy had increased the perception that some form

of settlement with the ANC might be an

unpleasant but necessary solution to cutrent economic instability and recession.

Regarding the UDF, Lodge said the

emergency had been aimed at immobil

Using the organisation through the de-j

tention of its local-level activists.

It had helped to paralyse the UDF's

formal structures, to limit the role local

leadership could play in community politics, and to remove any possibility the

UDF could provide a disciplining or controlling function over communities in

which it exercised moral leadership.

34
SOUTH AFRICA

PROTESTERS STAGE MARCH FOR RIGHT TO RETURN HOME

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Nov 85 p 13

[Article by Jon Qwelane]

[Text]

Motorists travelling between Lichtenburg and Mafi-;

keng at the weekend passed an unusual sight for the'

area — a protest march of several hundred people.

The marchers, from the Rooigrond resettlement

camp, were en route to the offices of the Barolongi

Tribal Authority in Mafikeng, where they intended

lodging complaints with tribal leaders about being?

incorporated into Bophuthatswana. '• ' «

I The marchers were led by Chief Simon Makodi.'

They were removed by the Government from their,1

ancestral land in Machavistad, Potchesftroom, hV

1971 and resettled in Rooigrond about IS km from

.Mafikeng. Ü

i Since their removal, the Machavistad people have;

refused to be part of Bophuthatswana, insisting they*

had nothing to do with the homeland. They have said)

they are part of South Africa, and want to be sent)

[back to their land. 'I

F In 1982 the Bophuthatswana authorities decidedjChief Makodi and his followers must move to Bodibe,!

westtrf Lichtenburg, but they refused. ,.y :'■■'.;' v '> ■■ -%

TRIBAL AUTHORITY !

' ' In June this year the chief received an ultimatum!

from the Barolong Tribal Authority, which operates!

under the Bophuthatswana Government, to accept its]

! jurisdiction. He refused, arguing his people's case was -

a matter for the South African authorities.

On Saturday morning the community assembled.

near the chief's residence and decided to march to:

Mafikeng to protest to the tribal authority. . ■■?

A field worker for the South African Council of i

Churches, Mr John Lamola, arrived in Rooigrond asi

the march began and followed the crowd as they took':

to the main road between Johannesburg and Mafikeng. He said a crew from Bop-TV filmed the march.

The protesters carried placards proclaiming the>

community's determination to fight to the last for'

their return to Machavistad, Mr Lamola said;

1 "It was a very touching sight. The elderly and the

very young walked hand in hand, singing hymns and

praying. Every 2 km the group would stop to allow,,

the weak and old a brief rest," he said. ''

By midday, however, the task proved too much for

the children and the elderly and the people retraced,

their steps to their tin shelters. : ' ' - -if*.

/9274

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35
RATE OF WHITE EXODUS INCREASING

SOUTH AFRICA

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 23 Nov 85 p 5

[Text; Weekend Argus Correspondent

JOHANNESBURG. - South Africans are leaving the country at the

rate of 3 000 a month. .

J

Mr Margin J R Westcott, managing director of personnel consultants, P-E

Corporate'Services SA (Pty) Ltd, said the supply of black matriculants was

only matching this outflow. ,' •

Aggravating the "brain drain" was'

' the fact that foreign "headhunters"!

from countries such as Australia, Can-;;

ada and parts of Europe were using

the situation to pick richly from South ,'

African management talent, Mr West-l

cott said. ' '

> A survey showed that 18 percent of '

;;. South Africa's English-speaking popu-j

lation is set to leave the country in the i

next five years. , ' \

While only three percent of the Afrikaans-speaking section of the population has indicated that they intend to

leave the country, the recently con-'

i ducted survey shows that one in 10;

white South Africans would have;

moved to other countries by 1990. .j

Skilled labour M

'< ' These findings, from a poll conduct- i

ed among 88 percent of the country's i

white adult population by Market Re-1

search Africa, show that an enormous\

, brain drain faces South Africa, r

,

\\

, "Unless both economic and socio-po-

, litical conditions are made more at- ,

tractive, the country is likely to lose \

some of its most highly-skilled people..!

:' "This will place even more pressure ;

; on the limited supply of skilled la-'

bour," said Ms Sue Scott, manager of •

I MRA's Omni division. ,

i Seven percent of South Africans >

planning to leave said they would settle overseas, while one percent said

jthey would live elsewhere in Africa.

; Eighteen percent of those with *

\, monthly incomes exceeding R3 000

said they wanted to leave South Afri-1

ca, compared with seven percent of

• those with an income of below R700 a

1

month.

t

State of emergency

t In another survey, also conducted by '

<MRA, it was found that 69 percent of:

f urban whites strongly agree with the

j State President's decision to declare a

i partial state of emergency in South Af*';

rica. ' !

;'; Support for his decision is strongest !

i among Afrikaans-speakers, 82 percent i

of whom strongly agree with the deci- ,

, sion, compared with 54 percent of En-

; glish-spealcers.

: "The urgent need to establish law ^

and order and to restore normal living ]

and working conditions has support <

I throughout the country," said Ms Scott.

!' "That the majority of all sections of

•the community are in favour of the

; State President's action indicates that

this is not just a political matter, but;

reflects an almost universal desire for1

-the restoration of peace and harmony;!

in South Africa," she said.

/8309

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SOUTH AFRICA

NEW REPUBLIC PARTY MP GIVES VIEWS ON POLITICAL SCENE

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 23 Nov 85 p 12

[Text] I Attention has been focused on the

tiny New Republic Party's future by a;

'series of setbacks it has experienced

I—the latest being a disastrous performance by it in the Rort Natal, byelection last month.

And it is set to lose its most import

jtant power base, the Natal Provincial ]

Council, next year when this body is

scrapped with the other councils,

; The party's only non-Natal MP (and

one of its only five remaining MPs),

[PAT ROGERS, MP for King William's

fTown, (left) gives his view on the con-

[ temporary „South African political

p;Scene..':'':v:i?; - :^;-^-' '

;

'''

r;

-

v;V ' v

pi DO not believe thejj

I National Party is capable 1

of leading South Africa ,

into a new era and least '

of all while being led by P M

W Botha, whom I regard A

as being limited in Vision, '.&

statesmanship, style and 4?

charisma. '-;-•- ^ l:-. -'^V ;)h '

if He is a tough, souped- ^j \

,iup party organiser type %

[politician in the old |

imould who's role in the j

| reform process is clearly $

i played out. , .-;;|

?' South Africa^ made a ^

[near fatal-decision in'|

11948 by voting the NatsI

1 into power— pray God itl

j does not compound that "j

* error by being suckered j

' Into supporting the Nats J

against the CPr%P^A

G

there is very little to1!

choose between them :

jphllisophically.

I

; Afrikaner Nationalism ;,

| must be replaced by

South Africanism — that

great force of such vast ,

untapped power for good ;

I which lies smouldering in '■■

'the breast of South Africans of all cultures,

straining to be united in a

common cause.

.'■■' It is only this force

(which can save us from

{the Marxist threat at our

gateway. •' ;'!

To divide our strength f

in the'?, interest of sectional nationalism and >

party political differ- 1

I

37
ences will be suicidal and

unforgiveable. !

The Nats can make rip,

claim to Souiif ' Africanism without theh*

rejection of Afrikaner , Nationalism. W \ The two are totally incompatible and^

^irreconcilable counter

I forces which cannot com-' I bine into one great dyna- l mism but expend vital energy, emotion andi

(thought against,one an-' | other. ' ' '? j Only upon such rejec-j \ tion together with (a) the ] | total abandonment tiff ; separate development,!

|and (b) the acknowledge-? , ment that It is the struc-j

»tural violence of apartheid that has led to

.counter violence, will it

be possible for the Na*

tionalist Government to : even start governing the

country instead of governing only the National t Party. J' ; •.. i , ' Since I do not believe

they are capable of,

putting South Africa bV'.'f

fore their party— the op- '

portunity was there after;

the referendum—I bei

lieve the leaders of alii

non-Nationalist political '\

parties should meet ur-J

gently to devisea stratj

egy for the opposition.

\ They must deal with''' I the crisis in the land and, ' most importantly, give~9

the citizens hope that ,'

great leaders are still i

present and capable of '•.

i putting aside selfish pettyj ' jealousies and personal- j ! ity quirks in the face of j

cataclysmic danger. , j

Never in South Africa's!f

[history has the nation's [ citizenry been so devoid

i

of belief in itself and Its , t rulers or so beset by ; * doubts and fears concern- /

ing the future.j

Ata time when weI

need leadership characi

terlsed by integrity, cour-

]

age and truth we find ourself at a point where even.,!

denials byHour Government of reports by Western media concerning . military involvement In

neighbouring states are

'Tjfalse. 1 Our economic credibility lies in ruins internationally — Nationalism

aided by voter support

has dragged South Afri- ; ca's once proud name into

the mud. " The policy which has

beena lie from its inception — compromising

even language, church

and culture of the Afrikaans-speaking South

African, now has to

rediscover the wheel and

be feda diet of credibility

by institutions such as the

HSRC and the President's

Council ina nauseating

;excercise designed to

keep Afrikaner Nationalism in power.

Voters who would flock

to Nationalist support ' must consider black perception very carefully.

iSuch an act would represent an absolute insult to i those who have suffered :

,.at the hands of the architects and masters of ;

apartheid. • The truth is that Nationalist mismanagement

has rocked our security

foundations by

decrediting our once fine

police force and instilling

doubts into the minds of

our young soldiers.

Very few of whom are

- prepared to die for Group I Areas and influx control. ; Twenty years ago the

SADF doctrine to counter

insurgency Warfare was

,' made up of 20% military

action and 80% civil action.

This Goverment has

failed even the SADF by

their inept bungling approach — the 80% , civil/political action has

not materialised.>

And If that is notj I enough the cruellest cut J

of all has been their failj

ore Id presenta co-ordin1

ated reform package <,

which would have made iUi>

possible for the moderate .

black leaders to win the •

fight for the hearts and,

minds of South Africa's ;

black population.

These moderate lead- '

crs have been sacrificed

on the altar of National :

Party political expediency.

Without the removal of

apartheid and resulting

oppression it Is impossible to Identify and sepai

rate the revolutionaries\

and criminals from thej

protestors, making the

SAP task Impossible.

It is often said that voters get the type of gov

v

ernment they deserve but

if there is no strong

enough alternative for

whom to vote It has been

proved repeatedly that in a crisis the electorate

will go for stregth which

Is in this case erroneously

synonomous with security.

It is entirely possible to

my mind for the verligtc

opposition forces in South

Africa to unite to face

dangers against which

their inter-party

differneccs pale into pitiful insignficance.

South Africa and her

people deserve better

than the choice between

ho hope fragmentation of

liberal; opposition forces

and the ad hoccery of nopolicy discredited Nationalist tribalism.

In fact, we needa new

face if we are to repair

the ravages of 37 years of

Nationalist rule and regain our international

status.

The management system required for our

heavily committed

resources in the future

will not allow for election

by tribal affiliation. The

white voters must be

given an alternative.

/8309

CSO: 3400/583 38
SOUTH AFRICA

ANGLICANS FACING DILEMMA OVER SEARCH FOR NEW LEADER

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR In English 24 Nov 85 p 6

[Article by David Breier]'

[Text]

i ANGLICANS are facing a soul-searching dilemma

over the choice of their new leader.

In the wake of the retirement next year of the

Most Rev Philip Russell, the church must decide

whether Bishop Desmond Tutu or a more moderate man becomes Archbishop of Cape Town and

head of the church.

There are two strong candidates to assume the

mantle of the Archbishop.

They are the Right Rev Desmond Tutu, Bishop of

Johannesburg and Nobel Peace Prize-winner, who

has a radical political image, and the Right Rev

Michael Nuttall, Bishop of Natal, who is also an outspoken critic of apartheid but has a less strident

political image.

When the last election for Archbishop took place

in 1981, the same two men competed. But the Elective Assembly deadlocked after Bishop Nuttall had

been believed to be within a vote of obtaining the

necessary two-thirds majority. ;

The matter was referred to the Synod of Bishops,

which elected Bishop Russell, the most senior bishop, [

,as a compromise candidate. >-

This time the election takes place against a background of intense radicalisation, especially of the:

black membership of the church, as South Africa

enters an era of transition.

This may strengthen the position of Bishop Tutu

although Bishop Nuttall, as the more senior bishop,

will retain much support. '

An alternative choice will be the Right Rev

George Swartz, bishop of Kimberley and

Kuruman, who is better known in Cap'e

; Town as he was formerly bishop suffragan ,

' of the diocese.

Although he is classified coloured, Bishop

.. Swartz is also known to be relatively mod-"

erate and will not be a popular choice with

, the politically militant church members.

A possible compromise candidate, in the.

mould of Archbishop Russell, is the bishop',

of Port Elizabeth, the Right Rev Bruce

Evans.

'' Bishop Evans has projected a more "political" image than some other'bishops, and

attended the funeral in Cradock of Mr

Matthew Goniwe and three other United

Democratic Front members who were :

murdered this year.

As bishop in the Eastern Cape, Bishop

Evans has been in the "hot seat" and this'

could help make him more acceptible to ,

radical church members. '',

His election could also serve to prevent a \

possible split in the church. If Bishop Tutu :"

is elected, more conservative members

might leave as they did when he became

Bishop of Johannesburg. The election of ' !

either Bishop Nuttall or Bishop Swartz '

could in turn antagonise radicals.

The new Archbishop will be elected in

April by a house of clergy and a house of :

.'.laiety representing the diocese of. CapetJ

Town, which covers the Western Cape. This

diocese historically elects the Archbishop,

who is effectively head of the church in <

[South Africa.

The winner needs a two-thirds majority \

Un both houses, which will meet until they j

! come to a decision. They may not leave 1

j,until they have done so. 1

ji If they deadlock, as in 1981, the matter is )

preferred to the Synod of Bishops.

/9274

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39
SOUTH AFRICA

LABOR PARTY SPLIT OVER GROUP AREAS ACT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 6

[Article by David Breier]

[Text]

'jTHE Labour Party in

{the President's Council

| is split down the middle

fin its approach to the

..Group Areas Act which

[the party is officially

committed to destroy.

This has raised questions about the coloured

; party's commitment to

) fight all apartheid,;

It emerged in" the

council this week that

< two Labour Party

members of the ecov nomic affairs committee demanded the immediate abolition of the

Act which entrenches

residential and business

apartheid. But two

other Labour Party

.committee members'

■■ took a softer line, delaying the issue.

The hard-liners are

Mr Craven Collis and

Mr Clive Pierce who

•signed a submission to

• the committee recom-

, mending that the Group

Areas Act be abolished.

;!'■■ Other signatories

-were Mr James Rennie

of the PFP, Mr Perry

Chetty of the National

People's Party and Mr

, Ebrahim Ismail of the

Democratic Workers'

Party.

The committee recommended the scrapping of red tape and

other restrictions for

, small business this

' week but stopped short

^ of recommending that

the Act be abolished.

-•■■'• Two Labour Party

committee members

declined to sign the submission. They are Mr

Frank Swartz and Mr

Pieter Klink.

Both (men said they

, agreed with their

party's view that the

Group Areas Act should

be abolished. But they

disagreed with their

colleagues' submission

because another committee of • the Presi-

• dent's Council — the

constitutional affairs

committee —''.was examining the Acti and that

was the proper forum. *

/9274

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40
SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATION PARTY SAYS NO TO BLACKS ON PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 85 p 12

[Text] THE Conservative Party

has rejected the offer by

the State President, Mr P

jW Botha, to accept

j Blacks in the President's

Council and called on him

to implement the partition of territories and sovereign political power in

the country.

i A statement from the

SCP's national executive

(said CP leader, Dr,A P

jTreurnicht would api proach Mr Botha — who

;had called on political

| parties to make suggesi tions to him about the "final constitutional solution

for South Africa" — to

! put before the President a

| "complete memorandum

in this respect''..jr .,<

i The national executive,

i reinforced the CP viewpoint that it rejected any • I form of power-sharing be- -

j tween any of the different

population groups within«

jthe established structure

of the Republic, the state-,

mentsaid. ' •'

"We repeat our request;

to (Mr Botha) to go about *

the policy of the partition

.of territories and sover-,

\ eign political power —the'

only proven workable and,

feasible policy that hasled our country for more,

than a century to prosperity."

The national executive

also rejected Mr Botha's

intentions, as announced

in Port Elizabeth on

November 14, that he

' himself or by means of

the President's Council,

would accept Blacks in

the President's Council.

"The national executive is dissatisfied that

the Government wants to

give full citizenship with

universal voting rights to

all Blacks and. also to the

. independent national

states," the statement,

said. —-Sapa.

/927A

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41
RAILWAYS POLICE ROLE IN UNREST PRAISED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Nov 85 p 7

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

Minister of Transport Af-:

fairs Mr Hendrik Schoeman yesterday paid tribute to the role played by

the Railways Police and

the security forces in unrest-stricken areas.

"Although there have

been instances when our'

peace-keeping forces

have been taken to task

for the way in which they

allegedly performed their

duties, and even for their'

presence in the unrest-'

stricken areas, we are

most thankful and proud,

of the noble conduct they'

displayed and their excellent' performance

under difficult circum- -

stances," he- said at a

medal and 'passing-out

parade at Esselen Park,

Johannesburg. '

' The devotion, loyalty,

training and co-operation

among the forces had

made it possible for the >

state of emergency to be

lifted in six districts, and .

he hoped the position r

would soon be reached

where it could be lifted

altogether.

Mr Schoeman said it

could not be gainsaid that

intimidation, which still

occurred over a large

area of South Africa, was

instigated and nurtured

"by the communists

through their satellites".

He warned that as stability returned, renewed

and intensified attempts

to intimidate peaceful

and law-abiding citizens

would be made.

The Railways Police's

new flag was officially

inaugurated at the

parade '— ' at which 162

police men and women

were presented.

Mr Schoeman said he

hoped the "enemies of

peace" would, at the sight

of the flag, realise that

the Railways Police was

• a formidable force, and

would ,not hesitate to

ward joff any ' threat

against South Africa and

the South African Transport Services.

/9274

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42
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT'S MULTIRACIAL FEEDING PLAN MAY NOT BE RENEWED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Susan Pleming]

[Text]

yesterday. --..--—,, . . ...

;The Government's multiracial feeding scheme, V About R12million was allocated to the scheme;'

which provides food to about 20,000 people couri- , and, by March next year, this amount would bef

trywide, may not be renewed in th^next financial'.: exhausted.

year, according to the chairman iof the central : "After March; I am not sure what will happen.;

,£o-ordinating committee of the scheme, Dr, Colin I" the interim, we can just hope that the drought

Cameron. - "'•»;. 'will break and that more people will find employThe scheme was introduced as an emergency^ ment," he said,

measure to alleviate hunger problem and it would\> Dr Cameron stressed the thousands of hungry i

not be continued indefinitely, Dr Cameron said Hpupils and their families who had received food at:

. school this year would be ca-i

• tered for in the Christmas hölidays. Meals would be available

; at various health clinics and ',

.welfareorganisations. - '•"1"»*

I It has been estimated that at

'least 10 000 white children; inj

1 Johannesburg and surrounding'

areas alone have been receiving j

jimeals at school. Church, welfajrei

tand community groups have;

(provided a great deal of this,

^food. The-Star Christmas Harfi-:;

per Fund will also contribute. V ]

|f One school principal, Mr'

Felix Goüws, of Joubert Park;

Primary,. said, "Meals on;

jWheels" was partyofthe relief'

jptfogramme..' :< .';> !( .• '-"''• '■■:■■.-y

/9274

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43
SOUTH AFRICA

BOPHUTHATSWANA GOVERNMENT ADMITS HEAVY DEBT

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Phil Mtimkulu]

[Text]

MMABATHO - The Bophuthatswana Government

has admitted having an overdraft of more than R300 million and .that it will have to

go slow'on'some develop-'

ment projects.

This was admitted by senior

Cabinet Ministers at a Press

conference yesterday. It follows

disclosures in a Sunday newspaper that the country is |n debt. '.'

The paper said the shortfall

ranged between R575 million

and R875 million, and'was

caused by the four-year drought,

overspending, decline of the

tourist industry and the poor •

dollar-rand exchange rate. ' "?

; • The conference was held after ;

,r the media was shown progress

being made to get the National

Independence Stadium at Mma-

" bathd' ready for the indepeh-

•. dence celebrations in December.

The Ministers said the financial sjtuation was not too seri-.

-ous because Bophuthatswana

, had investments in South Africa

exceeding the deficit.

Airport

* i

South Africa had no reason to

,..be unhappy about Bophuthatswana's finances because it

contributed a negligible 3 percent to the country's budget. 'I

"South African taxpayers do

nothaye to.pay our debts," said

Minister of Foreign Affairs Mr'

TMMolatlhwa.

Minister of Manpower and,'

Co-ordination Mr S L L Rathebe*

said there was no question of the'

government having embarked

on unnecessary projects — all?

were for the benefit of the coun:|

try. Some had benefited the,

country financially. " ':

The officials said the international airport was not healthy financially because Bophutha-

,; tswana was not recognised in-

.'. ternationally. Major airlines

still used Jan Smuts Airport.

On the decline of tourism at

i Sun City, they said there was a

general downturn in the'hotel

industry, but Sun City had, on

average, a far better bed occupancy'than hotels in South

I Africa.

On disinvestment, Mr Rathebe said Boputhatswana was op-

, posed to sanctions as they would

not benefit the black people, and

| it was a violent method of pressurising South Africa to change

its policies. „

Concerning the question of

dual citizenship, the Officials

said this would be decided' by

their country and not the South

African Government. Bophuthaitwana had long had the attitude that Tswanas in the urban

, areas could decide what citizenship they wanted.

/9274

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44
SOUTH AFRICA

OPPOSITION TO BREAK UP OF MEDICAL SERVICES ALONG RACIAL LINES

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p. 14

[Article by David Breier and John Maclennan]

[Text]

'MOVES to break up

South Africa's medical

services along racial

lines are meeting strong

opposition from the medical profession. •" •• • ,

A call has gone out to the

profession to push for a single, nonracial health service

instead of the apartheid hospital system which will be

further entrenched by the

Government next year.

The call was made in the SA

' Medical Journal this weekend

by Dr Stuart Saunders, Vicechancellor of the University of

Cape Town, Professor George

. Dali, dean of the medical faculty at UCT, and Professor J P

van Niekerk, the deputy dean.

They point out that hospitals,

.including some teaching hospitals, and other health matters

at present controlled by the

provinces are to be allocated

to the coloured, Indian and

white chambers of Parliament

for administrative purposes.

This will follow the dissolving

of provincial councils next,

year.

"This decision has been

taken despite repeated repre-

: sentations for a unitary system

and we wish to express our

grave disquiet," they said.

<> Their stand is made on three

grounds: ethical, economic and.

logical.

On ethical grounds, the

World Medical Association

code states cieafly {hat doctors

may not permit considerations

of religion, nationality, race,

politics or social standing to intervene. Doctors have already

felt compromised by racial divisions.

On economic grounds, fragmented health services will be

costly and inefficient.

"By dividing hospitals, uneconomic use of beds is made.

'White' beds are not fully uti-,

lised while too few are assigned to other races.";

South Africa spends only 5,7

percent of its gross national

product on health services.

"If we cannot increase this

meagre figure we must at least

ensure we are using our resources appropriately;

On logical grounds, they say,

South Africa has complicated J

its administration by creating'

numerous controlling bodies,-;

leading to delays, varying in-j

terpretations, poor decision-;

making and competition be- >

tween groups. j

"It is wrong to allocate patients to beds or clinics on the,

basis of colour. Furthermore,';

all hospitals are staffed by a

varying mix of races and many

hospitals treat all races.

"A unified health system is

not an ideal but a necessity." ;

It is envisaged that new hospitals will have to be built to

provide the coloured and Indian Ministers with a visible

service they can govern. This,

will also lead to a tripling in

some cases of medical staff

and a burgeoning bureaucracy^'^

I The announcement — which ;

'. will come when many hospitals !;

will be strapped for cash with \

low bed-occupancy rates while ;

• others will be overcrowded — ;

is expected before the end of'.;

the year, according to the PFP '

spokesman on health, Dr !

Marius Barnard.

A delegation of medical?

deans recently expressed their ;

concern to Health Minister Dr

> Willie van Niekerk. He ex- ,

plained that the matter was out'

' of his hands in terms of the tri- ,?

cameral Parliament. -f

At present the country's^

. health.service consists of a mix ]

1 of clinics and hospitals cbn-i

: trolled at various levels in cof operation with university med-

; ical schools, which have been

'<' asked to involve themselves in

the new system.

i Some of these are run by i

mixed staff, some hospitals accept patients of other races on

a ward apartheid system and'

some are strictly segregated. ;

Dr Barnard pointed out that \

if one included the homelands:

and independent states, then

South Africa now had 14 Ministers of Health. In Parliament«

r itself there is a "chief" Minis-'

, ter of Health, plus three own- >

affairs Ministers for whites,

coloureds and Indians.

He said the present system

was bad enough but it would be

i infinitely worse with extra hos-,

: pitals and duplication of equipment, administration, officialdom and staff. .... r

/9274

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45
SOUTH AFRICA

LACK OF WHITE INSIGHT PUTS BRAKE ON BLACKS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 24 Nov 85 p 6

1

[Text]

WHITE middle management

; and supervisors perceive

black employees as lacking in

initiative, responsibility, loyalty and team spirit.1

'

This is the finding of a survey conducted by Johannesburg-based industrial relations consultants Interman.

According to the survey,

other white-perceived shortfalls among black .employees

include:

• Lack of fundamental comprehension of the work ethic.

•Ignorance of the organisational structure and its function.

•Ignorance of the function of

the employee and the contri-',' >

bution expected of him. " c

•Inappropriate or "clumsy" '

behaviour at the client inter- |

'face. '

;

• ' ' ■■' ' .1

•Inept or inefficient communication style, skills and per- I

formance.

• Poor time management.

• Non-adherence to company t

Jrules and procedures. $

• Problems in comprehension >>

of business English.

.„..The survey,found that be- '

'cause oF these attitudes, the *

following negative spinoffs *

are rife: '.;. '• • >*

• Whites have low expecta- «•

tions of black behaviour.' "

•Ignorance of blacks' actual

values, standards and needs. <'

• Resultant failures to lead •-,

or motivate blacks. '"

• Differences in interactive '

1 styles. ' •'

| • Non-formation of the relationships of respect, credibili- •

ty or productivity.

• Communication barrriers,

both cultural and linguistic. :'

• Time wastage, apathy, .

lowered productivity, costly ,

mistakes and friction. »

p; The -• survey concludes: .

/'Owing to blacks' differing so-,:,

1 cialisation (upbringing), they'

have rarely experienced an •

educated, exposure to busi-

-ness. - ,»

1 "Because of this lack of,

' what the business world -y

refers to as 'essential attrib- y

; utes' the advancement path

for blacks may be blocked. '.

" "Without specific grooming !

to equip themto perform et- |

fectively, they will remain ex" !

pensively below the required

standard. Advancement on • merit or for 'having poteni tial' will continue to be the :"

j delightful exception. *

i "Due to the whites' tried-'

and-true methods and dealing

with blacks, business, commerce and industry are continuing to remain locked in

i low-productivity patterns.

Communication barriers and

negative expectations are

constantly reinforced.

1 "Without insight into the

values, norms and driving

forces of the black, in terms

of his being a member of a

group, white management

will remain behind a barrier

while trying to cajole or

threaten what seems to them

an unintelligent group of slow

learners or low achievers." '

Interman is running a series of courses for whites and

blacks aimed at overcoming

the problems highlighted in

the survey.

/9274

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46
SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA WARNS ANC'S TAMBO ON VIOLENCE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 85 p 12

[Text]

, ULUNDI. — Chief

Mangosuthu Buthelezi

.-' yesterday warned

ANC external mission

leader Oliver Tambo

that he would never

win anything in South

Africa without the involvement of Inkatha

, and the Zulu nation.

The KwaZulü Chief

^Minister, in his presidential address to Inka-

. tha's central committee at

the weekend, listed acts

i of violence aimed specifically at Inkatha members

by the exiled ANC and

said he could not stand by

when ordinary people

: were violated.

Inkatha would never

, carry out political vendet-

, tas through violence, he

said. But history itself was

'now forcing Inkatha to

l accept the inevitability of

, an eye-for-an-eye and a

tooth-for-a-tooth philosophy.

It would not be diverted from the main purpose of its struggle into

.internecine Black strife,

. but it would defend ordinary people, as well as it-

:;self, with the last drop of;

its blood. • .- '

;

.

Proud

Chief Buthelezi said he > was intensely proud ofthe

noble struggle for liber- "I

ation by Blacks and of the

fact that they had never

been broken by the worst

apartheid could do to

i them.

They had not been subdued by the worst police

brutality, dehumanised

,"by apartheid with its hideous, draconian laws or

r demoralised by suffering. !

He could not therefore

understand how the ANC ;

... mission in exile thought it

: could demoralise Blacks;

by doing even uglier

; things to them than the;

»police.

s There had been victims;

of terrible police brutality, but the brutality now

> emerging from the ANC

mission in exile quarters

was planned and presented with a pseudo mor-

! ality which was warping

.people's minds.

fy> Policemen did not hang

! tyres round people's

necks and set them alight.

. "Having prevailed against

apartheid for generations,

. do we now stand aside

I with folded arms and

j watch the ANC mission in

! exile brutalise our chil-

| dren, kill our brothers

.{ and sisters?

I' '.« "" f Do we stand aside

i and say that we have

i struggled to oppose aparti heid democratically all

i our lives but have to sucI cumb to the ANC mission

i in exile opposition to it?

i

"Every Black organisation worth the name in

this country should seek

47
j Black support through

•. persuasion and through

j demoaatic, non-violent i

; tactics and strategies.

: Even those in the armed >

; struggle have the moral

• duty to persuade Blacks

to support them through -.

i non-violent means." \

Chief Buthelezi said he

! would have been pre- '

' pared to talk with Mr ' 1 Tambo and others for as '

long as necessary if it had

any intention of dis-,.

' cussing difficulties.

But Mr Tambo had in- '

; suited him by calling him

• a tribal leader, ordered ';

; his assassination and

called on children to kill

'. those who disagreed with

the exiled ANC's tactics,

approved the explosion in '

Umlazi's executive hotel, '

i which could have de-'

: strayed children, and had '

organised hit squads :

against Inkatha leaders.

i Because of this he had ;

; to tell Mr Tambo publicly

; that he would fail to do

what successive govern-'

i ments had failed to do

and that he would never'

win anything without Ink- ••

; atha or the Zulu nation

being involved — "no

i doubt he will regard the '

; latter as a tribalistic state- <:

iment".

! Earlier Chief Buthelezi

; told a delegation from the';

Urban Councils Associa-<

i don of South Africa there

could be no progress to5 wards significant power-

;. sharing while the Govern1 ment legislated for racial

< distinctions.

j

; Without the Populai tion Registration Act,

- which legalised distinctions between people of

various skin colours,,

'' there could be no pass

laws, no Group Areas

r Act, no influx control

I regulations of the present

" kind and no legally enforceable racism.

".'.. "While the South African Government legis-

. lates for racial distinctions

,.' there can only be escala-

>' tion of violence. Ultima-

,. tely, it is the race classifi-

; cation law which is the

\ root cause of conflict in

"t South Africa," he said.

Meeting

.; This was why he could

not bring himself to at-

'. tend this week's meeting

{ of the State President, Mr

. P W Botha and Chief

i Ministers of the five other

"national states", Chief

1 Buthelezi said.

He could not partici-

' pate in the special Cabii net Committee's deliber-;

ations, in the non-statutory negotiating forum or

' in any development which

V accepted "the White

,

( man's choice of the White

tricameral parliamentary

system". — Sapa. *

/9274

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48
SOUTH AFRICA

SUPPORT FOR CONSERVATIVE PARTY UP 10 PERCENT IN FREE STATE

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 85 p 10

iText]

SUPPORT for the Conservative Party has increased by more than 10

percent in the Free State

since June this year,

according to the results of

an opinion poll which

were published at the

weekend.

Rapport disclosed yesterday that a survey commissioned Mark- en-Meningsopnames (Edms)

Bpk to conduct in October showed that the CP

had increased its support

in the Free State to 30,3

percent. In June a similar

survey established that

the CP had a suport of 18

percent in the province.

About 2 000 White

adults took part in the

nationwide survey, reacting to the question: "How

would you vote if a general election is held tomorrow and all the parties

had candidates in your

constituency?"

According to the Rap-Tj

port poll, the Hertstige-]

Nasionale Party increased

its Free State support

from two percent to six

percent during these four ; months, while that of the

National Party dropped

from 59,6 percent to 49,2

percent.

In the Transvaal, regarded as the CP's strong-.

hold, the conservatives' •

support dropped from 21

percent to 17 percent,

while the Nats maintained

a support of 46 percent. ,

The Progressive Federal i

Party, on the other hand, !

increased its support from

13 percent to 17 percent.

The survey further

showed that the NP enjoyed its strongest support (53 percent) in the

Cape where the State

President, Mr P W Botha,

is the provincial leader of

the party. The NP also increased its support in Natal from 39,8 percent to

43,7 percent.

The overall South African picture for the period

June to October this year

shows that the PFP is the

only party to have progressed with a support increase of one percent

(from 18,4 percent to 19,4

: percent).

The NP remained almost consistent, dropping

, slightly from 48,3 percent

to 48 percent. This is below the party's best performance of 55,8 percent'.

,in July last year.

' The CP's support'

F dropped from 15,2 per-i

;,cent to 14,3 percent,;

' while the other two parties' nationwide averages

1 were (June percentages in

'brackets): New Republic

Party 2,8 percent (2,9);

HNP — 2 percent (2,2).

Other results ofthe sur-

. vey were that the NP had

I lost English support this

^year, from 37 percent in

f February to 27 percent in

October, while it re-,,

gained Afrikaans support, from 55,9 percent in '

April this year to 57,2

percent in June and 59,5

percent in October.

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49
SOUTH AFRICA

POLL SAYS WHITES BELIEVE SPORTS SEGREGATED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Dec 85 p 12

[Text]

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A MAJORITY of urban White South Africans believe sport in the country is still racially segregated

and that sporting contacts will "never be normal"

while Whites rule.

According to a Gallup Poll which tested public

opinion among 1 000 English and Afrikaans-speaking adults in the major metropolitan areas, 56 percent did not believe South Africa had integrated

sport.

Of those 60 percent were English-speaking and 52

percent Afrikaans-speaking, while of the 53 percent

who believed sporting relations would never be normal under a White government, 57 percent were

English. A majority of 51 percent of Afrikaners

were hopeful of normality in sport under a White

government.

The poll, conducted by Markinor, found the

under 25s held more strongly that apartheid ruled

sport (63 percent) than did the over 50s (49 percent). The young were also most pessimistic about

normal relations under White rule (58 percent).

Residents of Pretoria and Cape Town were most

convinced that sport was not integrated (62 percent), against 53 percent in Johannesburg and the

Reef. — Sapa.

50
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS BOYCOTT OF WHITE PRETORIA SHOPS FAILED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 5 Dec 85 p 4

[Text] THE Black boycott of

i White businesses has

flopped — although there

is confusion about

whether the organisers,

the Pretoria Consumers

Boycott Committee, have

called it off.

The boycott was scheduled to start on Sunday

and Pretoria businesses

organisations drew up a

special programme to

deal with it, with the

backing and advice of the

, city's Afrikaanse Sakekamer and Chamber of

Commerce.'

However, from township sources it appears that

the boycott was doomed

from the start — many

Blacks saying that they

were now being "pushed

too far" and that they

were determined to do |

their Christmas shopping.

Representatives of the

boycott committee had

discussions on Friday with

Mr Dan Rolt, regional

manager of Putco.

Mr Rolt said in an interview that he had point- ]

ed out to them that the

proposed boycott would,,

be counterproductive and

result in increased unemployment. ; ' .' '.;'

It is understood that

the committee — shelving *

the earlier calls for the,

boycott — has now decid- ';

ed to call for one early in

the New Year instead.

Mr Alec de Beer, general manager of the Pretoria Chamber of Commerce said the chamber

was grateful that the boycott had failed or been

called off.

"It could have had a serious effect on the Christmas trade — a trade

which is already suffering

because of the recession

conditions." .

Thousands of people

from Pretoria's Mamelodi

Township returned to

work yesterday after staging a one-day stayaway to

attend the mass funeral of

12 victims of police action

in the township.

Putco buses and taxis

returned to their usual daily business after the

transport service in the

township was suspended,

on Monday for the funeral. Only about 20 percent of workers in the

township reported for

work yesterday.

Monday's stayaway resulted in management

staff in many major stores

working the tills and!

packing shopping bags,

themselves. Retailers

called in casual workers,

staff from other branches

and in several instances,

even friends, to help

cope.

The situation was reported to have returned

to norrnal yesterday.

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51
SOUTH AFRICA

SENSITIVE QUESTION OF CONSUMER BOYCOTT RAISED

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Nov 85 p 11

[Joe's Burg Column]

[Text]

sr ^tia<FaT

tele*i

phone callj

this week

from someone who

described himself as

a non-voter, but

who, through no

fault of his, happens

to have a much

lighter skin colour ;

t h a n s ö m e o f u s

ebony-skinned citK

zens of this 'burg.

Nothing unusual in'

that, I suppose. But

the point is that this

gentleman, who tells

me he is a supporter of

the United Democratic

Front, says that he is

concerned about the

whole question of consumer boycotts.

. You see, he is apparently a businessman.

An Indian businessman, to use the designations foisted on us

by those in power.

He wanted to know

whether the boycotts

were aimed at "white

business", or at any

business outside of

black townships. >

' He points out that

he suffers the same as

an other person who is

'voteless in this country.

Okay, he may be

slightly better off, but ;

.most of the demands

for a democratic country affect him just as

much as they could any

other person who is .

not white. So why ,

should his business,

also be boycotted, he ,

asked.

I haven't got the

answer to this particular query. I do not

even know whether <

the issue has been ad- ,

dressed by the various

consumer boycott

committees. I can only y

assume that the matter

will be looked into, j

and clear guidelines is- <

sued on such a sensi- i

] tive matter.

Not only that, it '

seems to me that uni less direction is given

Ho any protest action, it .-

almost always hits '

, back at the oppressed.

i It does not matter

'. «whether it is a bus boy-,'

: cott, or a product boy-'_

! cott, or a stay-away

from work, invariably,

: you have more casualties in our community

than would justify the

effect on those whom)

the organisations setting up these actions

intended to hurt.

,"" Threats

In several instances

in the past, such well

intentioncd acts have

been hijacked by the

thug element in our so-!

ciety. Such acts have

been condemned, and(

t he re we re even

threats to go out and

root out those elements because their

actions were counterproductive.

. But back to the story,

of my Indian friend.

We know that some

Indians have had to

use white fronts to be

able to set up business

'• in white areas. It is the

laws of this country

that have forced them

. into doing this.

We also know that

some blacks have been .

used by white fronts to '

set up businesses in the

black townships. And

there lies the problem. \

The whole mess-up >

is simply because wc ;

are such a sick society ;

in this country. Sick !

because we have as- ?

sumed that our skin \

colours will determine

our place in life. ;

Sick, because we do J

not believe that our j

brains are in our }

52
: skulls, but under our ;

skins. Sick, because }

our greed and selfish-' ,

!

ness has blinded us to'

V the realities of life.

f And we do not even *

| attempt to seek a remf edy. '.' ;•;

ü Now I'm not about'?;

t to try to offer solutions

? to this complex prob- i

l lern. How can I, when ;

I I can see the intransi- ;

| gence of white society /

jl on our television

| screens? How can I '

| hope to provide '

f answers when people

I just stahd around,

'| guns dangling from

j; their hips, almost say- ,

£ ing that they would be -

I ready to ', shoot any-, ',.

v body they-suspect ot'i

;'. being a "terrorist"?

How could, I offer

answers when a court

, finds that nobody was

to blame for the death

of little Mita Ngobeni,

who was shot by a policeman? ■■■,.- '/',

Danger '•.-;''

• Really, how could

'anybody accept that

- the policeman's life

was in danger, and had

to shoot his way out

if when evidence'led'!

ij- clearly said no stones ^

i struck either the van or ','

' any ofthe policemen.

|i; Strange, too; that f

|they returned tö ther

# scene of the shooting, -"i

and suddenly their

/9274

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• lives were no longer in

I danger.

| Nobody cancon-

;• vince me that we are

?v on the right track to a

better country with all

these kind of events

taking place.

Now could I offer

answers when in one

; day of violence, 13

Mamelodi residents

end up dead following

a\narch? How could I,

when.thousands of

..children are not at

school, and their grievances aresimply

fobbed off as political

agitation? i-.

P-^'Wheri 'we are* busy!

^creating a whole gene-;

ration of illiterates,

thereby making the-i

$ifinding of solutions in,

-the future even more

difficult than it already;

■■is?\ .;"

It is easy enough to

sit high on a pedestal

"and dismiss threats of

boycotts — if you are ;

white and particularly;

Afrikaner.

If whites believe that

they will be seen to

- have bowed to pressure if they give in to

demands by black po-

.; litical bodies, then I'm

i afraid they will have to'

deal with more and

'• more radical people as

the years drag on^

• leaving a trail of blood

on the drought-;

stricken soil of our.

country.

53
DPSC SAYS THOUSANDS STILL IN DETENTION

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 28 Nov 85 p 15

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

THE Detainees* Par-,

ents Support Commit- <

tee said in a document

released this week'

that 5 857 people had

been detained in the !

first 15 weeks of the ,

state of emergency. , V,

Of these, 2 296 (39

percent) were still being

held on October 31.

Analysed by region, '

2 597 detentions occurred in Transvaal and

2 929 in the Eastern

Cape.

The DPSC said that

while the Transvaal fig- i

ure represents 44 percent of the total num- , ber, of those remaining j

in detention 33 percent i

are in the Transvaal. \

The Eastern Cape ac- *

counted for 50 percent l

of all detainees, and 53 I

percent of those still •

held.

In the Boland and

Western Cape, where a

state of emergency was

declared on October 26,

325 people were detained in the five days to

the erid of the month.

Children

The DPSC said the

figures show a rate of

detention of 390 people

per week, which is almost 56 detentions a

day.

In the Transvaal, detentions were concentrated mainly in Johannesburg where the total

was dramatically

boosted when about 740

schoolchildren, some as

young as eight years old,

were detained for 24

hours.

The DPSC says that '

at the beginning of the

emergency period the

emphasis was more on ;.

the East Rand. In«

Johannesburg, 23 percent of detainees remain

in detention. _/-.';

By contrast, in the

East Rand area of Benoni and Springs, 48-,

percent and 42 percent v. of detainees are still ;

held. In the Vaal Trian- «

gle, detentions were

relatively light, although "

a high proportion of

those detained in July

and August have not;

been released, • .' ;! *

The committee said .]

that many lengthy de- (

tentions had also been >

noted in Johannesburg 'i

where 135 people re- |

main from the first six *

weeks of the "state of

' emergency,

Worst

The DPSC says in the

Eastern Cape, Port Elizabeth remained the

area most affected with

a total of 1 837 dctcntions of whom 706

people (38 percent) are

still in detention. The

rate of detentions has"

also been high in Uitcn- '

hage and, says the

DPSC, "this is particularly poignant, as the

•ntire group of volunteer workers who assisted the Kannemeycr

Commission have now

been detained, despite

Justice Kannemeyer's

assurance that those

who assisted his enquiry

would be protected."

In the Boland and

Western Cape, a total of

325 people were detained. Worcester was

the worst affected, with

103 detentions and detentions were also high

in Wynberg, Athlone

and Bellville.

The DPSC notes, that

> a high number of those

detained in the first 10

days after the declaration of the state of emer54
gency were still in detention on October 31.

List

"It is apparent that in

the initial stages of the

emergency, the police

were operating from a

list of activists whom

they wanted and these

are the ones still being

held. Twenty-two percent of those detained in

August were still held at;

the end of October."

The DPSC said secu-

• rity forces in the Western Cape also rounded

up a number of leaders

and activists under Section 50 of the Internal

Security Act on October

'25. ' • '

:

' • '

"The next day the

emergency was extended to the area and

the detainees were

switched to Public

. Safety Act detention.

k "The largest identifiable group of detainees

were United Demo-j

cratic Front affiliates, •

accounting for over 50

:.'. percent of the total.

?::- "This follows the patv!;> tern of repression in the

Jf rest of the country,,;

'where the UDF hasj

1 borne the brunt." j

Strikes s

«'.•b -The DPSC said there ;|

r

had been" a number of

hunger strikes and confrontations with prison

authorities. On October

5 there had been a confrontation betweeh detainees and warders at

Modderbee Prison near

Benoni. At least 41 de^

tainees were injured in

the clash, some seriously.

The DPSC says that

according to Press reports, a 'released detainee claimed that,

medical care was inadequate.

A number of hunger

strikes have also been

reported. One was >

launched in Protea Police Station cells on July

27, another in new;

Johannesburg Prison at

Diepkloof and a third at

Modderbee this month.

The DPSC says the

strikes appear to be in

protest against detention conditions, especially poor food.

Thirty-two detainees

in the Western Cape began an indefinite hunger

strike on Nov 7 and

another seven awaitingtrial prisoners at

Oudtshoorn also went

on a hunger strike the!

same day.

Family members and

colleagues in the Cape

and the Transvaal have

also mounted sympathy

strikes with detainees,

says the DPSC —Sapa.

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55
SOUTH AFRICA

PUBLICATION REPORTS TRANSKEI'S DETAINEES

Johannesburg THE STAR In English 26 Nov 85 p 5

[Article by Jo-Anne Collinge]

[Text]

Transkei authorities have detained

or arrested at least 1840 people in

the last six months, according to a

publication entitled "Detention

without Trial in the Transkei -

Bulletin No 2".

The document, the authors of

which are not known, says many of

these detentions from May to October took place during student protest and in the aftermath of the

murder of health worker Mr Bathändwa Ndondo, allegedly killed by

Transkei police.

"Due to media emphasis on the

state of emergency and resistance

elsewhere in South Africa, the extent of repression in the homelands

! and in the Transkei in particular

has largely gone unnoticed," the report says.

Transkei's state of emergency

long pre-dates that in South Africa.

The report says: "In the month of

September alone, some 880 individuals were detained without trial in

the Transkei.

"In October, in a massive clampdown before and during the funeral

of murdered Health Care Trust

worker Bathandwa Ndondo, more

than 100 students, civil servants and

family associates were detained

without trial. Banishments and deportation have followed the release

of some of these detainees."

Mass arrests accounted for just

less than 1700 of those held, according to a detailed scheduled of detentions which forms the body of the

report. Those held appear to have

been released in most instances several days after detention. In some

instances they have been formally

charged in court with offences such

as public violence or breaking

emergency laws.

A further. 150 people appear to

have been more selectively de-!

tained, not forming part of a large <

group. In general these detainees '!

were held longer and were often in- i

terrogated, the release dates and i

fomments in the schedule indicate.

Few have been charged, according to the report. Numerous professional people fall into the second

group — doctors, a dentist, a magis- -

träte, lawyers, educationists and

civil servants.

The compilers of the report stress

that it is an incomplete record of

detention in the homeland.

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56
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK CHURCHES SNUB PEACE INDÄBA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 29 Nov-5 Dec 85 p 4

[Text]

. BLACK church leaders walked out of

a consultation called in Durban last

«weekend to discuss a new national

; church network.

< Their actions could have farreaching consequences, threatening to

divide the church further, and

possibly do long-term damage to

relations within the church.

The abortive consultation was called

by Christians for Justice and Peace

• (CJP) — a new national organisation

which grew out of a call by

Archbishop Denis Hurley in 1983*

:• During the SA Council of Churches

conference that year, in a paper

entitled "The things that make for

peace", he urged that a-national;

I Christian conference be held in 1986,

in response to the continuing crisis in

South Africa.

He thought it should be along the

lines of major Christian conferences

in Latin America.— like those at

Medellin and Puebla — which led to a

blossoming of Christian action for

justice, based on the church's option

for and identification with the poor.

After the Archbishop's call a special

committee was set up to begin

, planning for this conference.

During these preparatory meetings

the name "Christians for Justice and

Peace" was adopted. The original jdea

' of one large conference was replaced

' by the establishment of a network of

small groups working for justice,

meeting with each other at local and

/9274

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regional levels and eventually it a"

: national level.

i J Last weekend, elected delegates

;• from these regional meetings met for

I what was intended to be a three-day

conference at Mariannhill outside

•.• * Durban, to discuss a number of issues

; raised at the regional meetings.

But the meeting never got off the

ground.

•' ' • Within hours of the start, a !

statement was presented which had

: been drafted at a meeting of black

:: " church leaders — called the Black

• i

! Ecumenical Church Leaders Consul-

'! tation — held earlier in the week.

' Their statement called for black

'1 : Christians to boycott CJP, slammed it

as "intolerable oppression" and asked

i for any money left after its dissolution

' to be "returned ... to the black

people".

j "It became clear that the CJP

j- programme was imposed from the

! 'top'... On the basis of the above we

I cannot but conclude that this is

I .. intolerable oppression coming at a

j time when the townships are up in

i flames and people are being arrested,

i tortured and killed and the entire

; black community is experiencing

- * untold suffering. The consultation,

therefore, is convinced that this

i programme ... can never be a

ii liberative one," they said in their

| statement.

i "The words such as 'Christians',

!i

. 'justice', 'peace' and 'transformation'

which describe this programme are

those of people suffocating from •

; affluence totally unaffected by town- ,'

■■ ship life.

i "The meeting found it anomalous.;

'.' that blacks should always be invited to ,

events (across the colour line) that >

^ dealt with their liberation, instead of

> them making such invitations. .,

| "We the Black Ecumenical Church

j Leaders Consultation resolve that the ;

CJP is not dealing with our agenda at:'.'.

all and as such we feel morally bound .

to dissociate ourselves from this •

programme forthwith and call on all »,

black Christians, here and elsewhere, t

j to support us in this stand," they said.

I The hard-hitting document was ,

'backed by the black caucus of the

Mariannhill Consultation, who then ;

staged a walk-out

j' It emerged that one of the

underlying grievances of the black.

:; caucus was the feeling that Methodist

I past president Khoza Mgojo had called

for a national convention of Christian

leaders before Archbishop Hurley had,

but his call had allegedly been,

; ignored. They saw this as a typical;

anti-black action.

Interestingly, several of the

members of the black caucus and the

Black Ecumenical Church Leaders

Consultation were also prominent in (

CJP from its early days.

It is also ironic that prominent . members of the black caucus are ,

involved in the much more moderate J

(than CJP), white-dominated National^

Initiative For Reconciliation.

57
SOUTH AFRICA

VRYBURG VIGILANTES ACCUSED OF VIOLENCE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 29 Nov-5 Dec 85 p 2

[Article by Ruth Becker]

[Text] THE Huhudi Civic Association is

considering legal action against ,

vigilantes, following violence in the

Vryburg township which has left

three dead and four in hospital.

The Transvaal Rural Action

Committee (Trac) has collected

eyewitness accounts of attacks on

Huhudi residents by vigilantes who,'

according to residents, include in their

ranks two community councillors and'

their families.

Late Monday afternoon a group of

vigilantes chased a youth known as

Skipper. A friend, Sylvester Gasebue,

17, who went to his aid, was followed

by vigilantes when he fled to a nearby

house.

According to an eyewitness, he was

pulled out of the house, severely

assaulted and then shot in the head and

chest at point-blank range.

By late Wednesday afternoon i

Gasebue's mother had not been

officially notified of her son's death;

she saw his body only late on Tuesday

afternoon when she went with Trac

members and legal representatives to

the mortuary. '

On Tuesday afternoon she gave

police the name of the person seen

pulling the trigger and the name of a

witness. But a Trac representative said

that by Wednesday afternoon no'

arrests had been made, nor had

statements been taken.

Another youth, Rhode Jood, is in

hospital after being shot in the head

; shortly after the attack on Gasebue.

According to Jood's sister he was

dragged from his bicycle by a group

,-of men with knobkieries. One of the

•'attackers, she says, was the man who

shot Gasebue. He carried a gun.

On Tuesday evening the home of the

head of the civic association, Hofsman

Galeng, was burnt down.

Galeng's younger brother, Eliah,

was under police guard in the

Vryburg Hospital after helping fight

off a vigilante attack on Sunday night.

About 15 vigilantes attacked

Hofsman's house with pangas,

knobkieries and stones. According to

an eyewitness, Eliah was assaulted

with a pick.

A Trac representative said the

group was prevented from seeing

Eliah Galeng in hospital by police who

"pointed guns at us". On Wednesday :

afternoon they enquired at the

Vryburg police station and found no

charges had been laid against him.

In a similar incident on Sunday,

Isaac Peloeng was assaulted by

vigilantes when he tried to help his

sister, who was being held in a

community councillor's shop after

vigilantes had clashed with residents

returning from a Huhudi Civic

Meeting. He has been transferred to

.the Kimberley hospital.

According to police reports, two

. other people have died in Huhudi in

the last week. A youth was allegedly

, shot when police opened fire during a

petrol bomb attack and one person.

died after petrol was poured over her.

There are about 14 000 people in

Huhudi. The civic association was

very active in resisting a threat of

removal to Pudimoe, an area 55-km

away in Bophuthatswana. i

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58
DRAFT DODGERS REPORTEDLY ON INCREASE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY In English 19 Nov 85 p 7

[Article by Ian Hobbs]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

LONDON - The flow of South African draft dodgers seeking political

asylum abroad is again sharply on

the increase, BBC radio has reported.

After a series of interviews with

officials of the Committee on South

African War Resisters (Coswar),

which has bases in Britain and The

Netherlands, the BBC said the

number of South Africans avoiding

call-ups was "thought to run into

.thousands". :

Coswar was, said the BBC, now

receiving help from a wide circle

with recognition from many church

groups, political parties and community groups.

A distinguished supporter of Cos-

• war is the former head of UCR, Sir

Richard Luyt

Sir Richard told the BBC that the

use of conscripts for suppression of

the present urban unrest raised

even stronger objections than being

used for operations Into neighbouring countries.

The BBC said a growing number

of the more politically headstrong

objectors who were unable to play

for time through study deferments

and the like were leaving South

Africa and joining Coswar.

Roger Field, from Cape Town, a

Coswar senior spokesman, said

about 400 had been granted asylum

in Holland alone in the past 10 years:

and at least 100 more cases were

being processed.

Field and others told the BBC

that almost all applicants were being granted asylum in The Netherlands within six months to a year,

while the British government was

taking up to two years to grant

residence.

Coswatfs Amsterdam organiser,

Ian Kirkhoff, said he received asylum from the sympathetic Dutch

government after only six months.

"Anyone who comes here with a :

fairlygood story actually gets asylum. They have only turned down

two people, one of whom we cam-1

paigned for and they gave him

asylum after that. •

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59
SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA'S DHLOMO CRITICIZES SURVEY'S FINDINGS

Durban POST NATAL in English 20-23 Nov 85 p 12

[Article by Kanthan Pillay]

[Text]

THE findings of a recent survey by the

University of Natal's Built Environment Support into the Inanda unrest

were an unsubstantiated smear of Inkatha and a "transparent" attempt to absolve the United Democratic Front

from any complicity in the Durban unrest, Inkatha said this week. •

Inkatha's Secretary-General, Dr

Oscar Dhlomo, said the best way to analyse the report of Dr Michael Sutcliffe

and Dr Paul Wellings would be to look

•for what their research sought to hide

rather than what it sought to reveal.

"One of the principal 'discoveries' of

the survey appears to be that the recent

Inanda conflict was not a racial conflict

between Indians and Africans," Dr

Dhlomo said.

"This is not a new discovery. Virtual- •

ly all black political groups that have

had anything to do with the unrest have

been emphasizing that this was not at

;all an Indo-African conflict."

He took exception to the claim by Dr

Sutcliffe and Dr Wellings that the unrest resulted from demonstrations over

the murder of Mrs Victoria Mxenge and

that "peaceful demonstrations very

quickly turned into mob violence once

the combined forces of the South African Defence Force, the South African

Police, and outsiders, allegedly Inkatha

groups, attempted to 'restore order'"

"This statement is clearly aimed at

propagating the blatant lie currently

being spread by the UDF and its affiliates, that Inkatha co-operated with the

South African Defence Force and the

Police during the unrest."

. Dr Dhlomo said: "The report brittles

with allegations, rumours, smears, Innuendo, and hear-say evidence all of

which are not substantiated by facts.

"For instance, it is claimed there is

'considerable evidence to suggest a few

well organised impis have caused most'

60
of the bloodshed.'but this 'considerable

evidence' is not presented in the report.

• "Similarly, the allegation that an

'impi' from Umlazi 'appears to be responsible for a number of petrol bombings and deaths within the township' is

hot substantiated." j

Inevitably, Dr Dhlomo said, thej

media too was attacked for "daring" to;

"suggest" that the black-on-black con-,

frontations in these settlements were!

between UDF and Inkatha members.

. "As far as we are aware it is the UDF

itself and not the media that has consistently alleged in this country and overseas that its members are being attacked by Inkatha.

"The two learned doctors must therefore repudiate the UDF for spreading

this myth and not the media for merely

reporting what the UDF says."

A "particularly mean and immoral

smear" in the survey, he said, was the

one that attempted to link Inkatha with

the South African Government's consolidation proposals and the consequent incorporation of Inanda to KwaZulu.

"Even a small child both in this country and abroad would surely know that

for the last 10 years, Inkatha and the

KwaZulu Government have been vehe-,

mently opposed to any consolidation.

"Inkatha's alternative to consolidation is the unification of KwaZulu and.

Natal along the lines suggested by the

Buthulezi Commission. The KwaZulu

Government has consistently refused to

co-operate with any attempts aimed at

consolidating KwaZulu. They even refused to give evidence to the recent

consolidation Commission.

"How then can serious-minded researchers even begin to entertain a rumour that a meeting had been held

'under the auspicies of Inkatha at which

there were discussions around the question of 'how to get the Indians out of

jlnanda' so that the area could become

part of KwaZulu?"

Dr Dhlomo said when reading

through the findings of the Wellings/Sutcliffe survey, "one does not find

anything new..."

; "There is a mere re-statement of

what has been common-knowledge ever

since the unrest started (namely that

this was not a conflict between Indians

and Africans).

"There is the usual and inevitable unsubstantiated smear of Inkatha, and the

so-called impis.

,- "And there is, of course, a spirited,

yet transparent attempt to absolve the

UDF and its affiliates from any complicity in formenting the unrest in the

Greater Durban area."

; Dr Dhlomo said that on behalf of the

KwaZulu Government he once again reassured members of the Indian Community at Inanda that "no self-respecting

African in Natal will ever co-operate in

any scheme that seeks to deprive them

of their land".

/9274

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61
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTATOR SAYS FREE PRESS MUST ALSO BE RESPONSIBLE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 21 Nov 85 p 6

[Commentary by Ken Owen]

[Text]

Freedom of speech, to cite a cliche\

does not extend to the right to yell

"Fire!" in a crowded cinema. As

with speech, so with the Press and

television — there are limits.

The dispute over the government's

banning of television cameras from riot

areas, and the controls which it effectively retains over all working journalists, is essentially a dispute over the

proper limits of a free Press.

The issues are not simple. Even in the

US, where the first amendment to the

constitution actually forbids the legislature to make any law abridging the freedom of speech (which the courts have

found to include freedom of the Press),

the need for limits arises from time to

time.

A famous dispute arose during World

War II concerning publication of the departure times of ships in harbour.

A less obvious case concerned the

• publication of the famous Pentagon Papers, when both the New York Times

• and the Washington Post submitted

without a murmer to a court order, subsequently found to be unlawful, which

, forbade them to publish.

.In Britain, publication by the Sunday

Times of the story of thalidomide -the

tranquilliser that caused children to be

porn without limbs - was suppressed

» J^?£by

the law of contempt. The j. British Official Secrets Act, a law quite

as bad as anything known in South

Africa, forbids in Section 2 the giving or

r

receiving of confidential official information.

The prohibition is rarely used but has

. been found to inhibit publication of information which is not "officially" leaked.

In other words, it serves to protect the

Government and civil servants against

amaging publication while permitting

; them to leak what they like.

The extreme case, of course, was

summed up by Lenin: "Why should any

man be allowed to buy a printing press

and disseminate pernicious opinions calculated to embarrass the government?"

Why, indeed?

There are two reasons. The first is that

in a democracy the general populace has

' a right to information so that it can

make reasonably sound judgments about

its governance; the second is that the

; populace has a right to make its opinions

i known and to learn the opinions of

;, others.

( Both these rights — the right to know

' and the right to be heard — are vested in

! the people, not in the Press itself.

T,he distinction is important because

there are newspaper owners who have

views not dissimilar to those of Lenin,

newspaper managers who think the

rights of the Press are instruments of

monopoly intended to produce a profit,

and journalists who think their own commitment to a cause outweighs the rights

of the public.

There is nothing unusual in

62
the arbitrary

eviction of jour- ;

nalists from

scenes of civil

disturbance. \

In the course

of my career I

have been forbidden to cross

police lines in

Washington (by , police who sub- *

sequently

lobbed tear gas

in astonishing quantities at us), arrested in the Sudan, ejected from Kenya's . Northern Frontier District by the colo- ;

nial police, forbidden entry to Angolan

and Mozambican war zones, ordered out

of riot areas throughout southern Africa,

and chased off by baton-swinging police

in Turkey.

But eviction does not seriously interfere with reporting. It makes the task

less dangerous and more arduous. Re-

[>orters can return to the scene of vioence to question eyewitnesses, to check

police accounts, to interview spokesmen

and key leaders, and to assess damage.

In fact, after-the-event reporting is

likely to be sounder, more accurate and

more insightful - if less vivid - than

on-the-spot work. The theatrical aspects

are muted, which is hard on photographers and TV crews, but judgments are

likely to be less hasty, inaccuracies more

avoidable, and tunnel vision less common.

A legitimate criticism of the overseas

reporting of South African events is that

it has conveyed the impression of imminent revolution although none of the

foreign correspondents to whom I have

spoken thinks the conditions of revolution exist here. To that extent the report*

ing has been false.

An equally legitimate criticism of

local reporting is that it has, with some

creditable exceptions like the Cape

Times and the Eastern Province Herald, been too muted to convey the magni- J

tude of the events. The emphasis has

consequently fallen rather too heavily on

the consequences — such as sanctions

and the overseas reporting -" and rather

too lightly on the causes of black disaffection,

Ihe law has, of course, interfered but

there has been a dearth of sound followup work.

One outstanding example was an in-,

terview conducted by Graham Watts,'

then political reporter for the Sunday.

Express, with Tami Mali, a young black,

man who early on proclaimed the aim of

making the townships ungovernable.

It was a stunning look into the mind of

a radical young black man; but there

have been very few such examples (perhaps because Watts landed in court for

his pains), and the result is that we know

far too little of either the people who

cause the violence or of the issues that'

drive them.

This brings up the second justification

for Press freedom. Black South Africans

are clearly being denied, by circumstance and prejudice as much as by law,

the right to be heard.

T,herefore they are appealing, as powerless people always do, to foreign audiences for help (as the striking staff of

1 Baragwanath Hospital did this week). '

Voiceless people are trying to make

themselves heard, and they have found

the best way to do so is to create mayhem, which is reported abroad, which

stimulates pressures like sanctions,

v which alarms the white business and

• ' political elites, which may lead to redress of black grievances.

The entire problem might be circum-L

vented if, instead of trying to mute thenews from the townships as government,

has appealed to them to do, the South;

African media were to increase and im--

prove their reporting — to give black

; people a voice. ,',

Like Lenin, government asks "Why?'*

The answer is that if the SABC and the;

i Establishment media gave the voiceless*

' masses of our country a fairer hearing,'

they might not need to yell "Fire!" to,

attract attention from abroad.

/9274

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63
SOUTH AFRICA

SANOC PLAN FOR JOBLESS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 23 Nov 85 p 5

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

1 eXtJ |The South African National Olympic" Committee ^

(Sanoc) believes it has found an ingenious way to ere- *

1 ate jobs for the unemployed and at the same time ,

i upgrade sports facilities — particularly for the underpriviledged.

t In its annual report released yesterday, Sanoc pres-

' Ident Mr Rudolph Opperman announced that he had <

[received good news from the Department of Man- [power. . • . ' :.,-. > i. .-if. ■■ • :

r "When the R600 million programme to create addi- j

|

: tional employment opportunites was announced by :

,. the authorities, we approached the Minister of Man- *

, power to plead the case for improved sporting amen- \

ities in less provileged communities," he said.

"Having witnessed to what extent American sport ,

gained by way of the employment programmes in the

j: US during the depression years of the 1930s, it was

c felt that a similar scheme could be Introduced in this

tcountry! " ' v' ' ' '''"". j •

; '"The Human Sciences Research Council's investigation into sport estimated that the b4cklog on sport- j

" ing facilities at schools and in less privileged com- • munities to amount to Rl 400 million. 1 i

!

J

"The Department of Manpower has now informed f

the committee that construction of sporting amenities will qualify as unemployment projects.

f "'Full details of the scheme and the) procedures to ,

(follow have now been sent to all local authorities,

i development boards, directors of education, and na- .

»tional controlling bodies of sport, with the request

. that they use the opportunities created by the pro- \j

i gramme to alleviate unemployment.' ,]

! " "Particularly in the case of black schools, the es- ;.

i tablishment of basic low-cost sportsflelds represent',

ideal opportunities for employment. In addition, .

,'many children whose parents are no longer in a posi- (.

,,tion to keep them at school as a result of unemployi ment, could be assisted in this manner." • The establishment of elementary sporting facilities i

|in the form of levelled surfaces, turfed and possibly

J irrigated, plus a few concrete surfaces for netball,

(paddle tennis and such games, was required. Such

r facilities were relatively inexpensive and labour in- '

{^tensive./, '.''. \ ,."';V v;

:

.-. '.\

64
/9274

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« ; '* , FUNDS SHOULD BE SOUGHT SOON \.

\\.. Mr Opperman has urged that local bodies give

'speedy attention to such projects and apply as soon

• as possible for Government financial assistance. ,

| Funds will be made available oh a project basis for f

' the financing of a specific project. Requests for funds f

f should be sent to the Provincial Administration: *

^Director Local Government. : :' " • ' ''?

j?!'The following conditions will apply to State-aided ,

:

»'projects: ' '■■' ''•" -' '': ''': "'''■■> •<*"'"• ''-', " -1

' »Only additional projects which lead to the employ- "f

' ment of unemployed persons will be financed with *(

»Government funds. Projects already budgeted for do ^

| not qualify. ,< * l '

|•Only unemployed people who are not/entitled to

^unemployment benefits, or whose benefits are al-,

| ready exhausted, may be employed on such projects.;

f Those who qualify to be employed must be registered

I'with the Divisional Inspectors of Manpower, or de-f

I velopment boards or magistrates in remote areas. \

I •Only people who comply with normal work and

i, residential conditions in respect of a specific area

will be included in programmes for that area. This

'includes commuters and contract workers who are

normally employed in that area and who became unemployed. ' , '.'''; .

:

f; • Arrangements must be made for the employment

| of persons on a temporary basis as casuals, and no/

| unemployment insurance contributions will be paid. '

;•The State will pay a maximum of R8 a work-dayi

vi for each unemployed person for projects in towns and,

urban areas At least R4 a day must be paid to the

. unemployed person. The remaining amount will be!

.used for the financing of material, equipment, food,'

I transport, supervision or general adminitrative costs.

1 The corresponding amounts for rural areas are R6

! andRS.;(:••••■■';''< ■■ !• , . '-a . ■■'. •'

^•Projects which may elicit negative publicity/such

| as luxury projects like golf courses, will not receive,

fhigh preference. -V'^ ' ^ ' ""• '(>'''•-'-' '''•:•'•' •- -|

|• Preference will be given to projects involving more;

I than 20 unemployed persons with a duration of more!

f than two months, and which can be completed beforef

j the end of March 1986 or shortly thereafter./ ' *' "

65
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT HAS 'NO STRATEGY TO DEAL WITH COSATU'

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 3 Dec 85 p 4

(Article by Tony Stirling]

[Text]

THE Government has no

formal strategy in terms ,

of which it can deal with

the emergence of a politicised trade union move- ; ment as evidenced in the

creation in Natal at the

weekend of the Congress

of South African Trade

Unions (Cosatu).

According to Government analytical experts

who have been watching ,

the trade union scene for

some time, the formation

of a broadly based trade

union body as the logical }

extension to the current

situation of unrest has

been anticipated for some

time.

' The expert analysis of

' Cosatu is that it is a predominantly socialistic organisation, containing

other elements strongly in

favour of African socialism or communism.

It is a broadly based

body, the constituent affiliations of which go beyond any single organisation within the current

South African political ;

context, although it appears bound to replace< <

the ANC orientated SA

Council of Trade Unions

(Sactu) as the major pol- .'>

itical voice of trade ,

unions in South Africa. ...:

According to the Gov- 1

/9274

CSO: 3400/598

ernment analysts/ Cosatu's support is likely to

grow in the current circumstances and that it can

expect support for its actions from trade union

groupings which are not

affiliated to it.

The sources said that

Government's only

answer appeared to He in

one of two directions —

I either to completely dis-

| mantle apartheid in terms

which would satisfy

, Blacks, or to take repressive action.

Gap taken

"The unions have

taken the gap offered by

the Wiehahn Commission

to form a militant, political grouping," the source,

said. "The Government

now has either to go backwards and act in a repressive manner, or it can

dismantle apartheid," he

said.

"The big danger lies in

permitting revolutionary

forces to take over the

trade unions and acting

against the democratic

forces within the unions,"

the source said.

All sources consulted

yesterday Indicated an'

awareness of the forma- '

tion of a body such an Co- ;

satu to enunciate the political demands of Blacks. '

According to the Gov- '<

66

ernment experts consulted, Cosatu's formation

was a logical step within .

the framework of Black '

i political aspirations and

could be viewed as the

, second phase, after the <,

creation of a situation of

general unrest, of a climate of ungovernability

within South Africa.

Assocom

| Although Assocoin is-

', sued no formal statement,

sources within the organisation yesterday indicated

that they were unhappy,

with the formation of a

politicised trade union

movement, although the

step to form Cosatu was

widely expected.

Dr Johan van Zyl, chief

executive of the Fede-'

rated Chamber of Industries, said the formation

of Cosatu "introduces a

new dimension in labour

relations".

"The FCI notes the

danger that industrial relations issues will be regarded as ultimately political in nature and as a

consequence of the lack

of effective political expression being granted to

Black workers, a predominant factor in the

country's work force," he

said.
POVERTY AMONG WHITE FAMILIES REPORTEDLY REACHING CRITICAL POINT

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 1

SOUTH AFRICA

[Article by Joao Santa Rita]

[Text] < WHITE children are begging

• for food in Johannesburg parks

: after a dramatic increase in

: the number of pupils who go

to school hungry.

i An investigation by The Suni day Star found that in Johannesburg and the surrounding

i areas more than 10 000 white , children are receiving meals '

>. from welfare organisations,

which are struggling to make

•. ends meet.

And thousands of other children around the country are in

, the same plight.

: "It's a sad sight," said Mrs

Margaret Morgan, whose

fchurch provides meals for

; about 1400 children from three

different schools.

, "We know of a few cases

Iwhere schoolchildren were

seen begging food from hobos

; in one of the city's parks."

I Mrs Morgan said poverty

among white families was

reaching a critical point.

Her organisation was able to

provide food for the children

through donations given by a

: supermarket chain and a bakery. ' ■■' -., "• *':. :.;

i "The people who are in- ;

volved in the scheme are all V

retired, some of them over 70

years of age. We get no other,

?help at all," she said, v:

"We would love to be able to

; give those children some milk

but unfortunately the cost is

prohibitive.";:;;

i A welfare' worker said there

^were now oases of serious mal-

^tritioJi Ämöng sömg'Wliite-^

children in Johannesburg. In,

some; schools children,w.ere^

/9274

CSO: 3400/598

asked to bring extra sandwiches so other children could,

have food to take home. j

Mr Hennie Becker, Nation-1

al Party MFC for Jeppe who

has been involved in welfare

work with the schools, said the

problem with hungry children

at school started last year. An

investigation was launched.

The Transvaal Education

Department and the Department of Health and Welfare

had been informed of the situa^

tion and was providing some

help, i

"The TED has estimated the

number of pupils who need

help in the Johannesburg and

surrounding areas to be about

10 000," he said.

Mr Ronny West, chairman of

the Jimmy O'Connor Welfare

Services Club, said his organisation was feeding 900 pupils in

12 schools in the Johannesburg

eastern suburbs.

\"The situation has definitly

worsened. When we started the

scheme in March we adopted

two schools, now we have 12,"

he said:

Mr West said the number of

schoolchildren in the feeding

schemes was much higher if

one took into consideration the

outlying areas of Johannesburg. A further 9 000 children

Were involved.

Mr West said although there

had been a good response from

the public when the problem of

hungry white children was first

highlighted earlier in, tl»e year,

now very few donations were

comingin.;^;Ä-;-

67
SOUTH AFRICA

INKATHA MAY EMBRACE ALL RACES

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 7

[Article by David Breier]

[Text] INKATHA is considering opening its membership

to all races as the ideal of a single nonracial gov-j

ernment for Natal-kwaZulu becomes more of a

possibility. j

A multiracial Inkatha will be in a strong position

to extend its constituency from the Zulu majoritjf

in the region to the white and Indian minorities

should a "Kwa-Natal" region become a reality. 1

Dr Oscar Dhlomo, secretary-general of Inkatha!

disclosed this week that the central committee of

the movement had set up a study group which wad

still examining the possibilities of opening mem]

; bership to all races following the repeal this year

, of the Prohibition of Political Interference Act.

At present Inkatha is open to blacks only.

' Dr Dhlomo said Inkatha had no ideological prob

lems about opening its doors to other groups, but

' there were practical problems. ]

' "There are still laws which militate against th<j

full political participation of non-blacks in the act»

vities of the movement," he said. Among thesr

were the Group Areas Act and the Population Reg

istration Act.

Asked whether the possibility existed of an)

form of coalition between Inkatha and another

I movement such as the Progressive Federal Party

;. Dr Dhlomo said Inkatha already had a joint consul

tative committee with the PFP, but he did not see

any possibility of deeper coalition at this stage.

At present Inkatha is working on a joint adminis

: trative structure for a regional authority with tht!

; Natal Provincial Administration. j

When that is achieved, a "mini-lndaba" will be

called with a view to setting up a single Nata

administration. All political parties and interes

groups will be invited to this conference.

The Government has already indicated it is pre

pared to consider a regional solution for Natal. j

Inkatha is believed to be ready to re-axamind

some of the Buthelezi Commission's recommendal

tions in view of present-day conditions. One of the*

aspects of the commission's report was protection

of minorities, and remains an essential part of th

negotiation process.

/9274

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68
SOUTH AFRICA

THOUSANDS OF WHITES SEEK HELP FROM CHARITIES

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 6

[Article by Joao Santa Rita]

[Text]

WHITES are rushing to the doors of char-!

ity organisations by the thousands in a desper-;

ate bid to make ends meet as the battered]

: South African economy takes its toll. ?

Welfare institutions in Johannesburg, struggling to cope, told The Sunday Star that a?

[growing number of white families were ap-;

proaching them for help. ;

"My place is packed out," says Mr Phil Visa-J

I gie of the Samaritan Inn, "I have families]

I; with children from as far away as South West?

V Africa with nowhere to go, r' ' i

"People even write to us from far away say*

j ing they are hitch-hiking to get here. I havej

; no place for them." ;:4

Jean (35), who does not wish her surname to» 1 be mentioned, said tragedy struck her family?

on a Wednesday last month when "the people

from the courts" arrived at her house in one of

Johannesburg's southern suburbs. ')

"They took our furniture and we were left in

the street," she recalled. "The man from the

';' courts kept asking us where we were going to

go with the three children. I did not know but

I,told him God would take care of us." '

She finally got a place in the Samaritan Inn.

Blonde and slim, in a pair of faded jeans,'

I Jean explained that her family was a victim

': of the recession. j

"My husband was self-employed and there

'are firms who owe us money but they couldn'tI

pay. On paper we have money but the landlord'

cannot take that for payment." v ^ : " *<%

| Mr Jock Murray of Jesse Mission said that'

ij while his organisation had in the past catered!

•'mainly for alcoholics and drug addicts, now'

an increasing number of jobless White men ap-j

proached him for help.

* "In the last couple of months it has worsened tremendously, with men coming for help.',

from as far as Cape Town."

I'Mrs Beryl Bergh of Meals on Wheels said)

although her organisation supplied about 200

meals twice a week to pensioners and indigent?

old people, she had been approached to help \

•unemployed families. ;

i: "Unfortunatly I cannot go out to help those

[people because I have no resources. I will i

'make exceptions when approached by a wel- ••

[fare organisation." ' ' ' \

}': Mr Hennie Becker, MPC for Jeppe, said in •; Lsorne suburbs the economic crisis had taken a '

'tremendous toll:; "Some areas are on their '

|knees:'f,';-::'>;"'%' -.' ;''.•'' 'f

| Government departments and research in-;!

Istitutions have no idea what thö minimum,

fsubsistahce level" (MSL) for a white family,

jjis. Professor Johan Potgieter of the Institute.'

iof Planning Research at the University of Port;

;'Elizabeth keeps figures for other race groups

|but not for whites. ' .'■■'

' "In September the MSL for a coloured fami-1

ly of five in the Johannesburg area was

,'11389,30. For a white family you would probably add another R40, but this is only a guess,*

he said.

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69
SOUTH AFRICA

JOB PROSPECTS LOOK BLEAK FOR INDIAN GRADUATES

Durban POST NATAL In English 20-23 Nov 85 p 13

[Text]

A RECORD 6 757

Indian pupils are

expected to pass

their Standard 10

exams with a matriculation exemption this year, but

job and career prospects for them are

looking bleak.

Professor Abraham

Behr of the University of

Durban-Westville's Centre

for Tertiary Education!

said this week that the job

supply was becoming in-,

creasingly scarce with the

current economic recession.

He warned that matric

students should begin considering career prospects

now, rather than waiting

for the Senior Certificate ,

results before reaching a

decision. '

"Students need to place

a greater emphasis on a,

technical education than

has been done before,"

Professor Behr said.

"For a long time the Indian community have'

/9274

CSO: 3400/533

tended to go in for med-,

icine, and teaching, but*

have failed to make a significant impact on the

technological world yet.

"That will have to!

change as technical educa-:;

tion is becoming increasingly important."

Professor Behr said that'5

outside of teaching, social I

work, music, art, and

drama, a B A degree could

not really assist anyone in

: finding a job.

"Outside of these fields,

BA degrees are not really

career oriented and are

becoming more symbols of

.academic competence than

' means to employment."

Subjects that drew the

most students for BA degrees were English, Afrikaans, psychology, history,

and sociology. . _...

"There is a definite

oversupply of people qualified in these fields. The

majority of people who do

graduate jn these fields are

not going to get jobs."

The best job prospects,

Professor Behr said, were

, in the fields of the sciences

'and engineering, followed

by commerce and administration. It was therefore

important that as many

pupils as possible wrote

matric maths on the higher

grade.

; "Writing maths on the

•standard grade effectively

shuts the door on a science oriented career,"

; Professor Behr said. j

j He said school pupils !

I should begin looking at

job prospects now, examining what is involved

in the various fields,

and getting career

counselling.

"Pupils should not

rely on career counselling alone. They should

do their own research

1

into what's available."

He also said more

pupils should show a

readiness to work outside of Durban.

"Too many qualified

people are not willing

to move out of the city

because of family ties,

yet there are many opportunities available in

outlying areas and the

African (homeland)

states."

70
SOUTH AFRICA

RENT BOYCOTT CRIPPLES VAAL COUNCILS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 21 Nov 85 p 7

[Article by Michael Tissong]

[Text]

/

The "black town councils of the

Vaal Triangle have been crippled by lack of funds as a result

of the decision by residents 15

months ago not to pay rent until

their grievances were redressed. ' The chief director of the Orange-Vaal Development Board,

Mr D C Ganz, said the councils

had "run out of funds to the extent that they can no longer

meet their commitments to the

Rand Water Board and Escom".

"The councils cannot meet

:

their commitments to other

local authorities with regard to

water, electricity, sewerage and

.other such services."

Mr Ganz said development ;

, funds which were supposed to be

; used for housing, township de-

( velopment and provision of serI vices were being used to finance

the running cost of the councils.

"All of this contributes towards a situation where health

hazards for the inhabitants can

develop and the quality of life in

general can be affected.

PROTESTS

"Any person or party who

therefore advises people not to

pay their dues does not have the

development of this community

at heart."

The anti-rent protests in the

Vaal Triangle began in September last year after the councils

announced rent increases. Community organisations complained that the increases were

too high.

. On September 3 the community took its protest to the streets

and many people died in clashes

with police. Several community

leaders have faced trial as a result of the anti-rent protests.

/9274

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71
SOUTH AFRICA

NEW PRESIDENT OF INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS SPEAKS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY In English 20 Nov 85 p 8

[Article by Chris Cairncross]

[Text]

(STUART SAUNDERS, vice-chancellor

and principal of the University of Cape

Town (UCT) and newly-electedpresident

of the SA Institute of Race,Relations,

; confesses he is still uncertain how he will

.publicly represent the institute.

There can be no doubt, however, that

this initial hesitancy will quickly be dispelled, and that this high profile office

will be used vigorously as a platform to

Eress for urgent and meaningful reform

i South Africa.

;" Saunders remains an unequivocal opponent of apartheid.and is bluntly critical of the "lack of vision" displayed by

government, and the obfuscating manner in which President PW Botha has

'Outlined his perspective of reform. !

'People just do not yet know in precise

terms what government has in mind for '

lour future," he observed. "Botha has \

been using words that can be interpreted

, in different ways. What, for example,

idoes he mean by a common citizenship?"

The embryo constitutionalframework ;

as structured so fartfogovernment, tri-'

vmeral in form and, fcrecriptlve by na~i

Ure, is totally unacceptable to Saunders1. :t

— Jil^re must'

be ä c

***r understanding <

- at this constitution *?iUh«"«tochange j

drastically," he says. "It still entrenches

i racialism. But, then, government has

< been warned many times that the exclu-

<• «on of blacks would be fatal. Until that

! is accepted, any changes that occur from

now on are not going to be conducive to

harmonious relations."

; ' Problems

r Saunders said he firmly believes the

[ present constitutional frameworlTls a",

; recipe that has the potential for creating -

I administrative chaos in the country, par-*:

•' ticularly dealing with matters like edu-,

! cation and health. Problems there are

j already and this system of "own" and

"general" affairs were merely going to i,

],exacerbate matters. i.

r Saunders often draws on the findings I

rand conclusions of the Human Sciences t

| Research Council's (HSRC) study on in1

ter-group relations to reinforce his ob-,

] servations. r

The report, he says, demonstrates that

apartheid is patently destructive of in-

•! ter-group relations, and legislation which

entrenches discrimination must be with-,

drawn. "The troubles we're experiencing '

now were predicted by the HSRC."

, Using the recent partial desegregation J

of the trains as an example, Saunders '

, observes that a task only half completed "

leaves a residue more bitter than if the

job was not done at all. "As long as there

are still white coaches there will .continue to be bitterness," he says. "

, Extremely worried at the way in

which conditions within the country have

deteriorated into violence and unrest, -?

Saunders lays the blame squarely at the '

door of racialism and government's ab- '

rogation of the rule of law.

"I am extremely!

dismayed at the violence demonstrated

on both sides, by the .

people and the police. , But it must be difficult to get people

worked up like this

72
/9274

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unless there are deep-.;

seated grievances."'

f. Detentions, particularly on the scale at

'. which they are occurv ring, has to stop, he

,,

!

, asserts. "It is becoming increasingly ap-

; parent that it is a thoroughly bad system

s and needs a remedy where peoples'

5 rights should be protected.

"We need desperately to return to the

'<' rule:of law. All such actions do now is,

radd to the tension and turmoil in SA."

i Saunders expresses harsh criticism at

> the way schools in the Cape were sum-

; marily closed last month — and on how

police have been drawn" onto the

J grounds. It is purely confrontational, and

;

; such an approach merely fuels the conflict, Saunders states.

»' He believes the educational authorities concerned and the police would materially help to defuse the situation if

they determinedly withdrew from using

confrontational tactics.

,. Communities would then try to ensure

' that those concerned with persevering

• with violence would become isolated.

"Communities could then work

. through their perceptions of the role of

i education, and the education of their

v

children to work with the existing sys-

. tern until meaningful changes can be

brought about," Saunders says, "

But he fears the situation may already

have deteriotated beyond that point.

Education in this country has now de-

' scended into crisis in which the black

. and coloured communities particularly

' are now rejecting what they are being

ii presented with. rv

0 And it id this rejection, he warns,

«which should concern all SA for the 1 future of the country.

73
SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT REJECTS PLEA. ON LAND TRANSFER

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Nov 85 p 3

/article "by Jo-Anne Collinge/

/Text/ Simmering discontent about the transfer of 120,000 Pedi people to

KwaNdebele has come to a head as renewed pleas by Lebowa MPs for the Moutse

area to remain part of Lebowa have been rejected.

The refusal of the Government to reconsider Moutse's fate was reported yesterday by the Lebowa delegation after a meeting at the Union Buildings with the

Minister of Constitutional Development and Planning, Mr Chris Heunis, and his

two deputies.

A spokesman for the Department of Constitutional Development said the Government would not be issuing any immediate statement.

Moutse MP Mr Maredi Choueu said he believed Moutse was being offered to kwaNdebele as a reward to that homeland for agreeing to take independent status.

"We feel like John the Baptist's head being served up on a platter (to Salome)/

the grey-haired politician said.

He added that people in Moutse had contributed R^2,000 to a legal defence fund

to fight the transfer.

Conflict

He said until recently there had been virtually no violence in the area but

just this week people who favoured kwaNdebele had been attacked and the elders

feared they might be unable to contain further conflict.

Mr Choueu and other members of the delegation -- fellow MPs Mr T.J. Mathebe

and Mr M.G. Mathebe and local council member Mr S.K. Jiyani -- gave the following reasons for resisting transfer:

--They would be in an independent homeland rather than a self-governing one

and therefore a step further removed from South African status.

74
--It was "unthinkable" in traditional law that the Pedis -- who had originally

occupied the area 200 years ago and had offered hospitality to the Rdebeles

in the 1920s -- should be made subject to the newcomers in the area.

—Pedi chiefs, of whom there are six in Moutse alone, play a central part in

government in Lebowa. In kwaNdebele they would have no say.

—Pedis would lose their language rights and their children would be educated

in a tongue which was not their own.

/12851

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75
SOUTH AFRICA

BLACK GROUP CALLS FOR SADF PULLOUT

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in .English 26 Nov 85 p 6

[Text] ; THE" Soweto Parents

I Creches Committee

i(SPCC) called for the

withdrawal of the South

African Defence Force

from the townships as

"one of the necessary re- "<

quirements for normal \

' schooling". )

In a Press statement released yesterday, the secretary of the SPCC, Miss

Priscinne Masepe, said

that among the other is-.';

sues raised by the committee were the repeal of:

emergency regulations, ;

the deferment of exami-

' nations, the release of de-

• tained students and the

constitution of the SRC to;

! be recognised. ,

In a meeting with the

SPCC at the weekend,'

the Deputy Minister of.

Defence, Law and Order, ;

- Mr Adriaan Vlok, said .

that "the SADF shall only

ibe withdrawn when the

situation returns to nor- j

mal". '«

} In response, the' comimittee said that it had

! "tried its best to present V

the case to the Governjment", and that it would '

'"formally report back toj

'the Soweto community at«

a date to be announced,

later".

/8309

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76
TREASON TRIAL WITNESS INTERPRETS ANC SONGS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Nov 85 p 8

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

PIETERMARITZBURG. — An ANC

song, "We don't want

people from the West,"

sung at a meeting allegedly attended by some of

the accused in the Treason trial in Pietermaritzburg, indicated that the

ANC believed Western

capitalist countries vacillated in their support of

the ANC's liberation

struggle, the Supreme

Court heard yesterday.

A witness, who cannot

be identified and who admitted to being an African, National Congress

and SA Congress of

1 Trade Unions member,

said that the ANC regarded Western countries

as purporting to support

the struggle but often

vacillating.

The ANC, on the other

hand, believed that the

socialist countries had a

firm commitment in

favour of the struggle, the

witness said.

The 16 accused are Mr

Mawalan Ramgobin (52)

Mr Chanderdo Sewpershad (43) Mr Mooroo-

; gin Jayahajapathy Naidoo i

: (53), Dr Essop Essack

• Jassat (52), Mr Dundube-

;

; la Aubrey Mokoena (37),

• Mr Ephraim Curtis Nkon-

; do (56), Mr Archibald Jo-,

; seph Gumede (70), Mr

' Devadas Paul David (40),,

' Mrs Albertina Sisulu '

i (66), the Reverend Frank

i Chikane (34), Mr Cassim

/ Saloojee (49), Professor

'.; Ismail Mohammed (54),

and four members of the

: SA Allied Worker's' .

Union, Mr Sisa Njikalani

: (29), Mr Sam Kikine (36),

, Mr Isaac Ngcobo (36) and

' the national chairman Mr ,

i Thozamile Gqweta.

! The witness told the,

' court that one of the slogans chanted at a meeting ,

| originated from Zipra :

j forces.

"Some of our' ANC

\ forces fought with the lib-

, eration forces of Zimbabwe. They wanted to

pass through Zimbabwe

to liberate South Africa."

The word "voetsek" repeated 14 times in one

song meant that the singers did not want the present South African Government.

Another song was "The

burden is a heavy one,

they will tell the truth

through the rifle".

The witness said: "We

used to sing this song in

the camps (ANC). My interpretation was that

South Africa had to be

taken by force and could

only be taken through the

barrel of a gun.

Proceeding.

/8309

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77
SOUTH AFRICA

CREDIBILITY OF SYSTEM OF BLACK LOCAL AUTHORITIES AGAIN QUESTIONED

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 9 Nov 85 p 13

[Report by Kin Bentley]

[Text]

THE credibility of the system of black local authorities — on which the Government's African policy

i rests and which opponents '

of apartheid argue has ,<

been the cause of much resentment — has again

come into question with

the appointment of an "administrator" in Cradock's

Ilingelihle Township.

This follows the resigna-'?

tion earlier this year of the

entire black Town Council

there.

Another administrator,••;.

Mr Barry Erasmus, was

also recently appointed

after the resignation of ' Uitenhage's Kwanobuhle

Town Council.

In virtually every town

and city in the Eastern

Cape "residents' associations" or "civic organisations" have sprung up over

the past two years in opposition to the town council

system and apartheid in

general. .

They have formed the '

basis of black "resistance" ,

to apartheid structures

and have increasingly

come under Government

pressure. i

Many of their leaders ,

have been detained. Scv- j

eral have died mysteri- i

; vously, including four (

"Cradock UDF leaders, j

, Others are in hiding or i

have disappeared. [

' These organlstions have

repeatedly called for the

integration of municipalities and the scrapping of

the Black Local Authorities Act, which gave rise to

the councils. This the Government has refused to do.

This conflict of interests

between the Government

and anti-apartheid groups

has seen the situation

deteriorate in many parts

of the country, with con- •

sumer boycotts and often

violence resulting.

The Government has

interpreted this resistance

to its apartheid structures

as an attempt to make"

areas "ungovernable". ,

Opposition spokesman,

on the other hand, argue

that "popular leaders"

who reject apartheid i

structures have been re-' '

moved from their communities, leaving the townships leaderlcss.

They say that by not

heeding their calls for the

scrapping of apartheid

structures and instead removing articulate, adult

leaders from the townships, the Government itself has contributed to

making some areas "un-,

governable".

The new administrator

of Ilingelihle, Mr Johnny

Landman, who is also the

Town Clerk of Cradock,

said this week he hoped his

appointment would "help

facilitate better communications between the municipality and the black

community".

But the president of the

Cradock Residents' Association (Cradora), Mr

Monwabifi Maknula, said

little headway could be

made before the lifting of

the state of emergency

and of a bnn on meetings

in the location until

December 31 and until the

release of about 15

Cradock detainees.

Mr Landman said he

had only been active in his

new role for the past two

weeks and had not had sufficient time to gauge the

community's attitude to

his appointment.

He said his appointment, by the Minister of

Constitutional Development, Mr Chris Ileunls,

meant he would carry out

the functions of the disbanded Ilingelihle Town

Council.

One of his objectives

would be to organise the

election of a new local au78
thority "in time to come".

\

Asked if he thoughta new

council would not also be

rejected, he said: "One has

to abide by present regulations and laws."

He said before 1972

Ilingelihle was under the

jurisdiction of the white

local authority. It was ;

then taken over by the

East Cape Development :

Board, until gaining autoni

omy asa "Town Council".

He had no connections ;

with the ECDB and was

only responsible to the

Minister, he said.

The chief director of the

ECDB, Mr Louis Koch,;

said the board's role in the

township ceased with the ;

establishment ofa local

authority there.

They implemented

influx control in the township and had to "deal with

unauthorised people".

This would now be the

task of the administrator

and his staff. 'v'^

He said the board's role

was purely one of running a labour bureau there and

dealing with labour placements. ' '

This contention was

rejected by Mr Makaula,

who said both the council

and the development

board, through the labour

bureau, had been responsible for implementing

influx control and granting housing permits.

He said the murdered

Cradock leader, Mr Matthew Goniwc, had continually been refused permission to get a house, despite

being born and bred in

Cradock. <

He said the community

councils "had no communication with the people"

and were "found to be useless".

Mr Makaula said since

1983, when Cradora waSj

formed, they had cam- :| j paigned for Cradock to be ;

under one municipality ':j

and they still wanted that

for the future. j

However, he said, theirI

initial demand had been ;

neglected and had been;

overtaken by other priorities.

He said in discussions

Cradora had with the

Cradock Employers' Federation, a group of concerned white Cradock;

residents affected by the

trade boycott there, he got

the impression they also

/ felt "distanced" from the ' Ilingelihle community, un- ' ; der the present system. ;

Mr Makaula said theI

community had not been

informed of Mr

Landman's appointment

and had only heard about§

it through the media. The i

same approach of keeping

the community

uninformed had been used

when the community

council was first introduced about seven years

ago. It had been voted in

bya handful of residents

"if there were any at all" > I He said before he could

comment on Mr i Landman's appointment,

he would have to receivea , mandate from the community, which was impossible due to the ban on public meetings. ! The MP for Walmer, Mr

Andrew Savage, said it

Was absolutely essential

that the Government release black leaders nationwide so that "proper negotiations can take place".

Mr Savage said such negotiations should be between recognised black

leaders and the Department of Constitutional De- '•'

velopment ona "new dispensation, new

structures".

"Blacks repudiate the

structures of local government created for them,

without any input from

blacks themselves," he

said.

"Its not just open

beaches, housing, transport — these are merely.

symptoms. Black people

are discriminated against

in the constitution of the

country. They are legislated into powerlessness

by the constitution."

The MP for Algoa, Mr

James Kleynhans, defended the system of local : government established

by the Government and i rejected the idea of single

city councils for all races,

saying this would lead to

"a black majority". , i "One group should not f be dominated by another," ' he said.

Mr Kleynhans added

that the percentage poll in

the last New Brighton

council elections had been

higher than for the recent1

white municipal elections; i inPE.

He said the UDF was an

;

arm of the ANC and rejec- [

ted the Government's rej

form moves because it'

was only interested in tak- '

ing power— "they want it

for themselves— they

want all or nothing". .

The Government had,

"shown its hand" With the;

creation of Regional Ser-;

vices Councils, which were ;

to be "inter-racial bodies". I

He saw this as "a step—

you can't say whats going

to happen in the next 10 to

15 years. You can't do it

overnight. We must do the \

things that suit the

people".\j

The administrator of I

Kwanobuhle, Mr Erasmus, j was reported this week as j

saying most residents of

Uitenhage would be pre-1

pared to share power, pro-'

vided no one group dominated another.

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79
SOUTH AFRICA

REFLECTIONS ON EDUCATION CRISIS

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 23 Nov 85 p 18

[Article by Dale Lautenbach]

[Text]

THE education crisis'

is beyond solution.

Even the most constructive actions now

would be no more than a

salvage operation.

Mr Richard Dudley, past school

principal and president of the non-racial New Unity Movement, said the

schools crisis had reached Ä point of

"no-go". ?'■■■■■

"All the options that lay "before the

community in the Western Cape between

August and November have been exhaust- ,

ed. All the opportunities the authorities

had for taking up negotiations have been

ignored with criminal regularity. The i

i only thing that might salvage the people

who have been through the most extraordinary circumstances is the greatest degree of co-operation between parents,

teachers and pupils to compel the au-

. thorities to agree to examinations lfl

March next year. "<< ! • "

"If not, we're going to have educational,

sociological, employment, domestic and a

host of other problems multiplying at a

rate which makes the mind boggle. And

these Will continue in 1986, '87, '88 and beyond." • • ■■ *r",]%

Mr Dudley sounded this warning

,; against the background of a crisis which

has been raging as a politically motivated

! school boycott. Now though, the actions of

i the past months have culminated in the

'awesome reality of examination writing

£;•_ an anxious time under the best of conrditions. v :''-

:;:> '''"' :

f

-

The focus is no longer primarily political but academic too. The Catch 22 cirt cumstances under which children are be-

) ing forced to write or not to write have

borne a new monster which has been la-

( belled "academic fraud". Even teachers

i who were not politically inspired by the

['. boycott before have found themselves inV volved to the hilt now because their very

i-i academic principles and the morality of

I the role of educator is on the line.

t. '.• Aggressive

behaviour

»

f. ' '

f One teacher, who asked to remain unj-: identified, described the atmosphere at

i her school, where "about 50 percent of the

Std 6 to 9 pupils are writing".

"Tears, tears, tears and more tears,"

she said. "And there's a lot of aggressive

behaviour too. There is mass distress and

i people are stretched to their limits. Two

teachers at our school have thrown fits — 1

literally gone hysterical and I think I'm

\ next. We've been forced to forego all acai demic principles which is tragic and

j more teachers now are mobilised. Even

\ the reactionary teachers are horrified by

the farce. There's just no morality.

[/ "And it all could have been radically al-

\ leviated if the authorities had been preS, pared to negotiate. The teachers would

{sacrifice their December holidays they

I are so concerned about the academic

80
losses -^ and the unemploymenTwhich is

facing all these young people ^pw."

The factors affecting the cjiitä&n most

were police presence* parental'pressure

and guilt, she said, the guilt th#> they had

let their friends down if thejKwrote exams, the guilt if they chose the boycott

option. •

Children

in conflict:

"The children are in a situation of extraordinary conflict and having to make '

decisions with responsiblity far beyond

their years and with no decision being

clearly the right or wrong one," said University of Cape Town psychology lecturer I

Ann Levett. ..• ]^;:,.,;/; ;. ,,. J

Clinically, she said, there was evidence

of all sorts of depression being suffered

„ and displayed in different ways as a result of the levels of anxiety. Chronic

stress produced a range of symptoms and

sleeping and eating disorders were among

those of which she had heard evidence. 1

"Some kids are also acting out, which

7)= means they are more angry and more

fierce in their confrontation with author- ,

ity than before and more likely to contin- •'!

ue with this sort of behaviour. People in '

the helping professions are also deeply

! concerned by the long-term affects of this

i brutahsation of a community. Children

exposed to violence like this grow up tak-

\ ing it for granted as the norm.

• ' "I'm also concerned about the psychological repercussions for the parents."

A clinical psychologist identified what

she termed "survivor guilt" as a devastat- i

, ing factor.. • ■■'.' .- %. V' T "[

. "There are children writing exams but lj

j_torn apart by_guj^t^ecause their friends I

aren't writing or because their friends are 1

in detention and can't write. When a part- »

ner or friend is detained there's the guilt

of'being free'. People ask themselves , Why wasn't I detained? Am I doing enough?'." 6

, It's another Catch 22 and there are no

^survivors it seems.

L' The "protection" of police and army patrols at exam writing venues was another i

source of distress, "she'said/':^l;^|ff^'^|

:.' _ "The levels of confusion, the Inconsis-?

; tencies, produce high anxiety: There is ani

essential inconsistency in accepting 'pro- ]

;,tection from the verypeople WhoIhreat*

i en you* .security." ' H. ■■^f!^i^yj

<vjf& teacher (again the requestiföjr an0- j Wymity is being respected) at ä sch«jbl no I

>less involved in the crisis but wheite there!

i has been a little less pvert^pressiqn }n|

/8309

CSO: 3400/583

v violence and street'öohfrbhtätlöft' 'said:;i

j most of the pupils were writing but felt%

no less committed tö what was going on'

..in the community; ; V h,^-y-[^. $.m

* "We have been involved in a very dem-f

ocratic process of programmes, education *

and discussions in the classrooms, so on)

the surface it might appear quieter than <

elsewhere. But I have only admiration for -

; these children sitting their exams. I thinki

I they are being very courageous because f

they are no less committed than those I

;. who are not writing. And, yes, this does

,? produce stress for them. Call it guilt if

.« you must."

Outright

I"" criticism

'; She could imagine, she said, how teachi; ers not previously politically motivated

and who were now experiencing their

educational principles being so thoroughly offended, would become involved in

outright criticism of the incredible situa-

,, tion created by the state's education offi- cials. .

"I couldn't put my pupils into an exam

j if they were not prepared," she said. '$

r; Mr Dudley said the psychological effect:

;<. in the entire community was catastroph- *

.v"' iC. ' ", -• • • ..-.; ■■:-.,.'

|> "There has been a tremendous increase-"

in the levels of acute tension. Hysteria, :

,,.. nightmares, visible neurotic conditions,*

inability to sleep and lack of concentra- i

tion are all conditions that have become !

-common,now." .;%. r' ' ,}

There were numbers of Std 9 and matric pupils who had decided that they

were not going to return to school — at <

all, he said.

"Some of them are planning to com-i

. plete their schooling through cram col-ll;

leges or correspondence courses. Others

are simply giving up on all education and

are going to look for jobs — in a period of

exceptionally high unemployment." i

And at the root of all the symptoms

emerging in the community now, from

the intimacy of personal distress to the i

broader issues of political struggle and

academic principles thrown into disarray, '

was a common denominator of officialdom best described by Mr Dudley ... ;

'... We're up against a solid wall of ig-i

norance, incompetence and bureaucratic

^skulduggery ... all the elements of an m-<

thoritarian state." ;

81
SOUTH AFRICA

NUMBER OF BLACK PUPILS RISE AS FIGURES FOR WHITES DWINDLE

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 15 Nov 85 p 8

^Article by Susan Pleming_7

/Text/ While the number of black pupils starting school for the first time

has risen by nearly 150,000 over the past 10 years, the number of white children entering Grade One during the same period has dropped by nearly 13,000.

In 1976> 5^-8,021 black children enrolled for Grade One, and by next year this

figure is expected to reach between 695*000 to 700,000.

In contrast, the while school population in Grade One has gradually decreased

from 91*399 in 1978 to the 79*5^7 children who registered this year.

This continual drop in the white school population has meant that fewer

teachers are needed and white teaching colleges will decrease their intake

by hundreds next year because of the shrinking population.

The proposed decrease in student intake at the white colleges comes at a time

when the black schools are suffering from a severe shortage of qualified

teaching staff.

And, although there will be room for several hundred black students at the

white colleges next year, the Minister of Education and Culture in the House

of Assembly, Mr Piet Clase, has said it will not be possible to grant admission to black students to the white colleges. The reason behind barring

entrance to black students is that the teaching colleges are an "own affairs"

concern. Universities, on the other hand, are allowed to accept black students,

At the rate South Africa is producing black teachers — about 8,000 each year -

there will be a shortfall of about 190,000 teachers by the year 2000.

82
WHITE ENROLMENT AT GRADE ONE

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE

Hf—V» . m —-" '

V BLAdK ENROLMENT AT GRADE ONE

•

sOO»ARTMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

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/12851

CSO: 3^00/53^

83
SOUTH AFRICA

CALL FOR NATIONAL TEACHER TRAINING PLAN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Nov 85 p 4

[Article by Susan Pleming]

[Text] The unequal distribution of teachers—a surplus in the white and

Indian schools and a shortage in the black and coloured—will continue as

long as South Africa's education system remains segregated, a leading educationist said.

Dr Ken Hartshorne, who is a member of the De Lange Commission into Education,

said as long as the training of teachers was controlled by the employing body,

the unequal distribution of teachers would continue.

And he also called for a national plan for teacher training.

Dr Hartshorne's comments follow last week's announcement by the Minister of

Education and Culture in the House of Delegates, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, that

only 100 newly qualified teachers—a drop of 60—would be accepted in his

schools next year.

The drop was caused by the dwindling Indian population.

A similar problem exists in white schools and next year white colleges will

decrease their student intake by hundreds because of the decreasing white

population and the drop in teacher resignations.

Planning Needs

The Transvaal Teachers' Association's general secretary, Mr Jack Ballard,

said South Africa should be planning for the needs of all pupils—regardless

of race.

He said the segregated training of teachers was not effective and that his

association had called for one education department several times.

"It seems crazy that we have a surplus of teachers In the Indian and white

schools while the coloured and black schools lack them," Mr Ballard said.

84
Although there would be places for several hundred students at the white

colleges next year, the Minister of Education and Culture in the House of

Assembly, Mr Piet Clase, said it would not be possible to grant admission

to black students.

The black colleges were full and prospective students were being turned

away, but Mr Clase said black people could not be admitted to the "whites

only" colleges because they were an "own affairs" concern and so entrance

was restricted.

A shortfall of 190,000 black teachers is expected by 2000. And that severe

shortage is coupled with the poor qualifications of staff in black schools.

In white schools only four percent of the teachers are underqualified while

in the black schools the figure stands ar 78 percent.

/9274

CSO: 3400/533

85
SOUTH AFRICA

SAIRR DIRECTOR SAYS ONE EDUCATION SYSTEM NEEDED NOW

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 29 Nov 85 p 5

[Text.] South Africa could make an immediate start with decation, the director of the South African Institute of Race

Mr John Kane-Berman, said in Johannesburg.

", Speaking at the Hu- :

man Resources Manage- j

ment Outlook seminar

of the Institute of Per- ,

, sonnel Management, Mr

Kane-Berman said that

a segregated educational ;

system was not suitable ,:

•for the manpower pro-,,

file of the future, and it :;

was also unlikely that {

•blacks would ever ac- >

i cept it. ;

"A 10-year-old white I

child today, who gets his

, or her first job in com-,

merce or industry at the

age of 25—15 years from

now — is going to be

working in a very different economic environment to anyone of us. ••

Racial

"There is a much

greater chance that he

or she will have a black

secretary and a black .

boss than would be the

case today. Discrimina- ',

tion in industry will be a

i thing of the past, and

the work environment

will be almost totally

non-racial, but how is

today's 10-year-old

white child being prepared for this environment?" Mr Kane-Berman said.

"He or she is going

"lout of a white suburb

, and a white school with

his or her head full at

best of racial stereotypes, and at worst of

. notions of racial superiority," Mr Kane-Berman said.

Ghetto

I On the other hand,

Mr Kane-Berman said,

';. the black 10-year-old

: was also growing up in

his residential and ed-

';: ucational ghetto, har-

;,; bouring deep resentments, but also having

to work very closely

with whites in adult life.

Citing estimates that

only 46 per cent of the

210 000 new executives

in South Africa needed

between 1980 and the

year 2 000 would be supplied by the white population, Mr Kane-Berman asked whether the

current generation of

schoolchildren was being adequately prepared

for the South Africa that

lay ahead.

"Will people of different races be able to deal

comfortably and naturally with one another in

the commercial and industrial world? Would

;-i they look back with re-

, gret, even anger, that

I their schooling prepared

.them for a world which

might have existed for

. their fathers, but does

, not exist for them?"

Confident

Mr Kane-Berman said

•segregating eduRelations (SAIRR),

that it was possible' to

start desegregating ed- <

ucation immediately, as

follows:

• All authorities with

school registering power

could be given authority

to register schools on a

non-racial basis.

• The Government

could publicly announce

that church and other

private schools were,

free to desegregate.

• The Government

could actively encourage

the establishment of

non-apartheid schools

by making subsidies

available for them.

. • The Government

could itself establish

non-racial schools.

Mr Kane-Berman said

that he was confident

that as parents looked

ahead to the South Africa of the future, the

demand for desegregated schools would,

grow. '

inn

CSO: 3400/597

86
TECHNICAL EDUCATION EXPANDED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Nov 85 p 29

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text]

A new system of technical education for blacks

will be launched in January through pilot

projects at 75 schools, the

Minister of Education

and Development Aid, Dr

Gerrit Viljoen, said this

.week. ' "'

i He told the annual

meeting of the Alberton

Chamber of Industry the

system was designed to

bring Department of

Education and Training

policy in line with the

White Paper on education.

t The system was directed at technical aspects of

"career education and

aimed to meet the needs

of the community, employers and manpower

requirements, he said.

i, It also aimed to give

• ' pupils the opportunity to

realise their full potential.'

Scientific, mathematical and technical moulding of the pupil would be

promoted as well as the

skills and knowledge demanded by modern society, he said.

Dr Viljoen said accredited training would be

provided for pupils who

chose particular career

directions in the senior,

secondary phase.

It was envisaged that

21 percent of pupils in the

senior secondary phase

would eventually receive

education directed ai a

, technical career. \

Less than one percent

of pupils receive technical education at the secondary level and 5,8 percent receive technical

orientation at the primai ry level.

/9274

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87
SOUTH AFRICA

PROFESSOR SAYS WHITE TEACHERS SHOULD TEACH IN BLACK SCHOOLS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Dec 85 p 14

[Article by Keith Abendroth]

[Text]

'GRADUATING English

speaking teachers were \

told at the weekend that

:;they could expect to be

teaching Black schoolchildren "sooner than you

think".

: Professor Andre le

' Roux, rector of the Edge-"

; Wood College of Educa-

; tion in Natal, said that it . was vitally important in

the interests of the future

of South African educa-

; tipn that sound education

reach as many children of

tall races as possible.

';'• However, the present

.situation was one of an

: acute shortage of quali-

: fied Black teachers which

^was becoming worse all

the time — and an over-

; supply of White teachers. '..•

; He said it would be "a

; good idea" if the Govern- '.

ment started to use White "

i teachers in Black schools,

•without detracting from

; the concept at this stage

jof "own" education.

! Addressing a gradua-

' tion ceremony at the Pretoria College of Education, Prof Le Roux said

:.: that to get the present

teacher pupil ratio in

Black schools down from

one to 48 to an ideal one

to 30 would mean boosting the roster of qualified

Black teachers from

95 000 to 250 000 by the

turn of the century.

At the same time the

White population was declining, and there was

already an oversupply of

White teachers. It was estimated that there would

be about 18 000 fewer

White children at schools

in two years time — and

about two million more

Black children.

The main target in the

South ~ African scenario *

was to achieve as highly

qualified a work force as

quickly as possible, and

one interim step would be

to start using White

teachers in Black schools.

"White teachers are

out of jobs. We are cutting back on White teach-

< er training," he said.

For the future two main

challenges < faced the

young teacher — a practical classroom challenge in

which there would be less

money for the logistics of

education and more

would have to be

achieved; and the problem of ethnicism.

Of the future, Prof Le

Roux called on all South

Africans to avert a feeling

of pessimism.

He said: "We as individuals feel so terribly

hopeless in the face of unrest, economic recession,

violence at the schools

and wars and rumours of

wars.

Birth pangs

"But we should look at

it as being the birth pangs

of a newer and greater"

South Africa — and birth

is always accompanied by

pain.

"We must all work for

a new South Africa for

which we could live triumphantly and die willingly.

"We must see the future like the one of two

men behind bars — the

one who saw stars — and

not the other, who saw

only mud."

He added: "We mu3t

not wait,for the future —

we must' go out and meet;

it head on."

/9274

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88
SOUTH AFRICA

MATERIALS SECTOR SEEN AS MAJOR MONEY-MAKER

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 24 Nov 85 p 4

[Article by Malcolm Fothergill]

[Text]

THE South African materials

sector, until now a largely invisible giant, is about to wake

:.up. : ' " ; -' • -|

In the next few years, say '

experts, it could-turn into one;

of the country's main international money-spinners. '

I Although it accounted in

i 1980 for 7,32 percent of gross

domestic product (GDP) — ;

! agriculture chipped in a com-I

' paratively meagre 4,7 percent!

— the sector has (until now ;

had no institute or federation

looking after its interests.

Indeed, the businessman in ;

the street has generally been,

unaware of its existence. j

Its practitioners have been

; metallurgical, ceramics, plastics and other experts'work-:

ing in relative isolation.;-

Since 1984, however,.those

practitioners have started

getting together, a process'

that led to an international i

symposium on material» engi-.',

neering at Wits during the:

week. .

Plans are now well ad- -

vanced for a federation to be )

formed early next year under ji

; the chairmanship of Dr Brian«

Clark, chief director of the :

National Institute for Materi- ,

; als Research at the CSIR.» ':

; "It's a very inter-disciplin^,

ary business," says Professor

i Geoff Garrett, head of the department of metallurgy at the

University of the Witwaters-i'

rand. ' '': ' ;

!

"Only now are we realising

.we need to move ahead together äs a community." >

; While the economic impact

of materials science and engineering has been well recognised in the West for a decade

;

or more — President Ronald

' Reagan's science adviser, Dr

?GA Keyworth, has described

it as "the most important

field of science in the US

today" — South African edu-<

cation and research in the

; field has lagged.

But Prof Garrett and others

in the field see this late start

; as no real drawback.

"South Africa is up there

with the best; in the world,

when it comes to technical

prowess and we have vast

mineral resources to which

we can add substantial value

in secondary manufacturing.

"Our Work with armaments'

and synthetic diamonds

proves we can deliver high-,

tech goods, and has left us i

with technology going beg- ;>

ging." <- ■■>■■ lj

\ AH these/factors suggest^

South Africa could follow

Japan, the US and Europe

i into making advanced com-

| posites and away from breadand-butter lines such as steel,

where Taiwan and less-deve1

loped nations are moving in.

At the moment, the materi-

| als sector is a net earner of

; '<• foreign exchange, thanks to

; iron, steel and non-ferrous

metals. Ceramics, glass, plas-

. tics, rubber, polymers and

other materials are currently

drains on foreign exchange.

What the experts see when

they gaze into their crystal

ball is a South African indus-

!

try developing high-alloy

• steels, polymers and new-generation ceramics to meet specific international market de

mands.

They also see materials science and engineering improving the profitability of traditional industries such . as

, metals and mining.

Figures quoted by Professor Garrett, Dr Clark and Mr

Louis Heyl in a paper delivered at the international

symposium show how the materials sector compares with

the economy as a whole as a

generator of wealth.

89
While all other sectors

combined employed 7 810 000 '

people in 1980 and contributed

R57 310 million to GDP at a

rate of R7 338 a worker, the

materials sector employed'

340 000 and contributed

R3 730 million at a rate of J

RIO 970 a worker.

Professor Garrett, Dr

Clark, Mr Heyl and their colleagues in the materials community see development opportunities abounding in the

transport, communications,

mining, general engineering, «

farming and defence sectors..

"In ceramics, raw-material availability could underpin

the development of a zircon- j

ia-based structural ceramics J

industry. Similarly, ceramic

powders could be developed '

as feedstocks. '

"In polymers, a local, coalbased polymer industry could

;' offer^unique opportunities." <

One limitation to the development of new materials

could be the smallness of the

South African market But in

many instances the production volume generated in a ;

materials pilot plant in South I

Africa is sufficient to meet i

local market demand. ;i

' "This raises the opportunity J

for pilot plants to become;

profit centres." '.-/.)

340000

MATERIALS

7 BOO OOP

10970

OTHER

NUMBER OF WORKERS

MATERIALS OTHER

R/WORKER GDP CONTRIBUTION

/8309

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90
SOUTH AFRICA

VARIOUS FACTORS CONTINUE TO DEPRESS RAND

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 24 Nov 85 p 4

[Article by Dr Roger Gidlow]

[Text]

THE continuing weakness of

the rand remains a source of

surprise to many commentaitors, but various factors are

! still depressing the currency. <-„

The measures taken at the!

end of August have failed to

strengthen the currency, and

in some respects they have;

proved to be counter-productive. This has not dissuaded the

proponents of more controls

from calling for further action, and one focal point of at»

tention has been the use of the

forward rand/dollar market

;by overseas institutions.

; Multinational companies

iwith overseas subsidiaries

find that exchange-rate movements can have a marked impact on their consolidated bal?:

ance sheets. Foreign-controlled companies operating

in South'Africa classify their

{local investments as rand-de»

jjnominated assets. '/ '•

V The parent company over*

seas, in contrast, treats them

as foreign-currency assets

which are obviously vulnerable to depreciation if the

rand remains weak. Such

"translation exposures" faced

by foreign-controlled companies can be hedged in the

local foreign-exchange market in terms of the exchange-,

control regulations in force.;r

"Faced with a falling rand in i;

the past few years these com-1'*.

panies have been hedging }

their balance-sheet positions !

by buying forward dollars ?

against rands, and rolling i

over these positions. The me- ;

chanics involved can be illus- ,.

trated by a simple example.

We will assume that a for- ';,,

eign-controlled company in -

South Africa has a local investment worth R3 million, -

and decided to hedge this,

asset in the local market by •

selling rands forward for one ,(j

year in return for dollars at a, \

rate of 90 American cents to 'j

the rand.

The forward sale will,

therefore, bring in $2,7 million..;>

at the end of the first year. If $.

the spot rand/dollar rate is 7

only 45 cents at that stage, the

sale of just $1,35 million will

bring in R3 million, and the ,

!

sale of the other $1,35 million

brings in rands which can be ,

added to the reserves of the

foreign-controlled company in

South Africa.

The original R3million ob-!;

tained from the sale of the

forward dollars can now be

sold forward again for an-,.

other year, and if the rand js

weakens again in the meantime another dollar profit w}U,

be reaped.

I,'., Such hedging activities ;

have obviously exerted some ,.

downward pressure on the,^

spot rand for some time, and <

this influence could still be

fj' present in the markets. A sig-

|i nificant part of the short-terra

capital outflows from South

Africa in the past year or two

could stem from these

forward-exchange transactions by foreign-controlled

companies.

If these companies were deprived of this facility and

forced immediately to cancel

• their forward contracts, this

would necessitate them selling dollars forward, and

forward rand/dollar rates

would become even more distorted than is the case at

present.

South African exporters

Would suffer even more from

distorted forward rates in the

form of the possible absence

of any premium on forward

dollars against rands.

At the same time the

forward selling of dollars by

foreign-controlled companies

. would involve banks in selling

spot dollars under the present

I spot-swap system of forward

exchange, and the spot value

of the rand could rise significantly in the short term.

If the regulations were

changed so that the forward

contracts held by foreign-con-

, trolled companies could be

kept until they matured, but

could not be rolled over, the

distorting effects on forward

rand/dollar rates would be >

91
avoided. The spot value of the

rand, however, should still

rise, because the dollars

which are obtained from maturing forward contracts

would be sold in the spot market.

There are, however,

grounds for arguing that any

interference with the freedom

of foreign-controlled com- . panies to hedge their capital

i. bases would be

a retrograde

step. The attractions of South'

.• Africa as an outlet for foreign ' investment would suffer since : the present hedging facilities

are of value in view of the : high rate of inflation which

prevails in the Republic.

To remove these facilities

would in any case amount to

shutting the door after the

horse has bolted in the sense

that the forward covering of

"translation exposures" is already built into the exchange

rates.

It would also be somewhat

incongruous to remove such

facilities while at the same

time continuing to provide

flexibility for importers and

exporters to manage their

currency exposures through

the cancellation and re-instatement of forward contracts.

The removal of such facilities in any case would raise

fears that even more controls :

are in the offing, thus further

undermining the position of

the rand.

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

92
SOUTH AFRICA

RSA RANKS AMONG WORLD'S CHEAPEST CLOTHING PRODUCERS

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR (Finance) in English 24 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Malcolm Fothergill]

[Text]

THE independent states of

Southern Africa are the cheapest clothes-making countries

in the world at the moment,

says a 48Tnation survey by the

National Clothing Federation

and the National Productivity

Institute.

It also says the clothing

manufacturing industry in

South Africa is competitive in

terms of both price and productivity.

The survey probed the

clothing sectors in 16 industrialised countries, 26 developing countries (including South

Africa and the independent

states) and six East European

countries.

Among its findings is that

among industrialised countries the United States has the

highest "cost a minute" - direct labour, production and

administrative overhead costs

for every minute of production — at 20 US cents.

Britain has lie against an

average for the industrial

countries of 16c.

The East European countries average 8c and the developing countries 7c.

/8309

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South Africa, with a cost

of 5c a minute in March 1985,

is as low as or lower than

all developing countries for

which figures are available,

with the exception of Malaysia, South Korea and the independent states of Southern

Africa.

Those independent states,

with a cost of less than lc a

minute, are the cheapest

clothing manufacturing coun

tries in the world.

The survey says the productivity of the South African industry is roughly two-thirds

that of the eight industrial

countries in the survey and is

exceeded only marginally by

four developing countries.

The local industry beats all

the countries of South-east

Asia and Central America and

is bettered only by four of the

Mediterranean countries.

At 6,7 percent, South Africa's absenteeism rate is close

to that of industrial countries

such as Austria (6 percent)

and Switzerland (6,5 percent)

and developing countries such

as Spain (7 percent) and Morocco (6,5 percent).

Hong Kong, with 4,5 percent, and Greece, with 4 per

cent, have the lowest recorded rates of absenteeism. '

South Africa's total of 25

annual and statutory holidays

a year compares with the average for industrial countries

of 30 days and the developing

countries' 28.

Asian countries have considerably fewer days off —

Hong Kong has only 18 and Sri

Lanka 20.

Worst off is the United

States, with only 17 holidays a

year.

South Africa's standard

working week of 42,5 hours is

in line with other developing

countries, where the average

is 43 hours. In industrial countries the average is 40,3 hovrs.

Hong Kong works 48 hoars

a week and Sri Lanka 45,5.

The shortest working week

is in Britain — 39 hours.

93
SOUTH AFRICA

'LOOKING MONEY1COSTS NATION MILLIONS

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 24 Nov 85 p 9

[Text]

LOOKING money, the

!.,cash that would-be

emigrants spend on ini vestigative forays in

i other countries, is costing South Africa millions of rands a month.

Most of It is spent by ex-

|. ecutlves trying to flog their

skills In Europe, America'

; and Australia, but the'

I amount Includes cash laid out

; by some who do not even

bother to look, but move lock,

: stock and barrel to climes

' they know little about.

Looking money includes

replies to advertisements,

phone calls, up-front appllca-,

lion cash, medical examinations and X-rays, exploratory

! trips, air fares, storage, furniture removals ... and a ''

'.host of incidentals.

: Sob stories

It can cost a family of four

as much as R30 000 to move

r from Johannesburg to Aus- -

tralla, for Instance. ;

As the numbers of eml-.

grants Increases, so do the

sob stories and fairy tales

that follow whenwes around

the world.

As the emigration momentum picks up. so does the occurrence of disillusioned

globe-trotters returning to

lls country with tails be-,

tween their legs. ' ■■■<}

Perhaps the major stum-:, Ming block facing those who4

,: wantto leave SA is doubtthat

! they are doing the rightthing. /

,f Some of the salaries being

offered by foreign employers

I' and International head-hunt-

: ers are below the market;'

i rates being paid abroad.

Some South Africans are

going for a song.

. i

Capital base

' Once they have decided to ,'

' leave and made themselves ,

;

r

liquid by selling off assets, it

I Is easy to feel wealthy. ; i

f< David Hutton-Wllson, a director of Renwick Executive , Search who has returned

after a year in Britain, says:

"An Increasing number of

senior executives are embarking on emigration Investigations without sufficient

planning. Their lack of fore- ]

sight results in a waste of J

money and time and a blgi

dose of disappointment."

He says an executive leav- :<

lng this country in search of

an executive position in Lon-j

don would need £40 000 a

1

. year and a capital base of at

least £100 000 to keep htm- :•

self In the style to which he is

accustomed. J

I

Service J

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

Apart from the financial'

burdens involved In search-

, ing for Jobs abroad, there are

sometimes culture shocks for 1

those after greener pastures.:

'•' Career goals, family con-,

'. flict, salary expectations, Inf dustry location, cost of living,'

' tax systems, education and

general living standards

nave to be considered. '

I Renwick has come up with'

„ a service that could save poitentlal whenwes both cash

and embarrassment.

94

. It goes further than merely

' making use of its foreign contacts and is launching its own

forays Into international recruitment markets on behalf

of clients.

Video j

, The Idea is that the pro-

. spectlve emigrant ap-

[ proaches Renwick and discusses the type of job he Is

' looking for and where he Intends going.

' The company draws up a

CV and in some cases puts

; together a 10-minute video on

the person.

Next year, Renwick may

; send Its people to Britain,

Europe, Australia and the

. United States with profiles of

South Africans Interested In

working abroad.

i Bryan Magennls, manag-

: ing director of Renwick

? Executive Search, says: "We

have experience of executives returning from exploratory trips, particularly to,

. Australia and Europe, only to

find that they should have

been in a different place to

r the one they were in.

"Too many people leave

, their investigations to Chance

and think that their high positions here will ensure them

good Jobs elsewhere. They

may be stars in SA, but It

•i could be back to nursery

:" school for them In the more

competitive environments In

' other countries.

"We are trying to take the

heat out of the emotion of

potential emigrants. Their

'< decisions must be practical

' and business-like. If we can

., attract skills to this country,

; however, that will be our blgi gest achievement."
SOUTH AFRICA

LEYLAND'S STAKE IN RSA ENDANGERED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 24 Nov 85 p 1

[Article by Don Robertson]

[Text]

THE departure of Re-i

inault Africa threatens1

; the future of Leyland in

»South Africa. <

Renault is the third motor j

manufacturer to withdraw)

from South Africa in the past,

two months. ,J

,

".,i

Huge losses

Economic pressures, the

rand's collapse and the slump

in the car market in the past

18 months have engulfed Renault. Production of the R9

and Rll models will stop at

the end of the year.

i Renault's decision follows

the collapse of Alfa Romeo in

September and the announcement this week that Peugeot,

which was assembled by ,

Samcor, will also halt production. „

In spite of losses that had

spiralled in the past year,

f Renault's decision to quit

must have been taken in the

past few days. Although speculation about its future had,

; been rife iri recent months, it''

j had been expected that Re- s

nault and Peugeot would announce details of a joint man- <

j ufacturing agreement this

'"month. , :'

;': Two months ago, Renault

unveiled a variant of its Rll

range. It also introduced the

luxury R25 range.

stuck ' ;'•;

',. Since 1981, the Renault

range has been assembled by

/8309

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Leylahd-owned Associated

Vehicle Assemblers at Elsies \

!• River near Cape Town. The

termination oi this agreement will mean that Leyland 1 will be stuck with an unused '■■

!• car assembly plant. ''*"

With obviously reduced

' volumes, its bus and truck

assembly could be adversely ,

affected. r;

Z'- Ralph Clark, managing director of Associated Vehicle;

Assemblers was not available for comment. -i

Nedbank

Renault Africa trades uh- /

der the name, Euromotors

(Pty), which is a wholly

owned subsidiary of Nefic, <

Nedbank's medium-term; fi- >

nancing division.

Nefic managing director'

Mike Holmes says Renault's,

.decision "will hot be a disaster from our point of view". It,'

has been a loss-incurring in-,

.vestment.

.',' Renault's State-owned, 1 parent in France last year

' reported a loss of R2,7-biilion

> and recently threatened a reduction in the labour force of

about 7 000 workers.

Since 1982, Renault's market share has shown steady

; growth in SA- In that year, It ,

held 2,5% of the market and

increased it to 5,1 % last year.

But, like Alfa, Renault's

decision to quit will not affeet existing owners. Parts

). and service facilities will

;" continue to be available

t through the existing dealer)

' network.

It is, however, not yet clear

whether Renault will main-

, tain a presence in SA by importing its products, although

at current exchange rates

this could be ruled out. !.-.i

; One to go

It has long been conceded

i that the South African mar-

, ket has too many manufac-

, turers and the closure of

' three European producers

j will be welcomed by the rest

', of the industry.

In 1984, Peugeot, Alfa and

Renault had 9,3% of the car

market, or 25176 units, and in

the first 10 months of this

year, they increased their

share to 9,7%, or 14 609 units.

They had a small presence in.

the light commercial vehicle

.market.

1 The largest of the three1

: was Renault with 5,1% of the

market, or 7 692 units, in the

10 months to October.

i' There are many who believe that SA can support no

I more than three major producers.

' Spencer Sterling, managoing director of Samcor,

said after Alfa's withdrawal

that three more would disap-

;Pear. i ,;J

i ; There is still one to go. f

95
SOUTH AFRICA

DECLINE IN HOUSE PRICES REPORTED

Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 24 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Kerry Clarke]

«

[Text]

HOUSE prices are bot-'

toming, according to a''.

building society econo- ]

mist, a property econo^

mist, and one of Johannesburg's largest;«

estate agents.

They say prices should stabilise in the last quarter of

, 1985, and there is.even a suggestion that the residential

market could' recover from

the second quarter of 1986.

The United Building Society's economist, Hans Falkena, says house prices declined by 2% on average in

the third quarter of 1985. But

the prospect of increasing inflation, combined with easing

bond rates is likely to halt the

fall in prices, at least in

nominal terms, towards the

.end of this year.

Emergency

' Neville Berkowitz says In

The Property Economist

quarterly investment report

that before the state of emergency, he thought the residential market would botItom in August.

! He foresaw lower mortgage interest rates, improving economic prospects and

increased building society

, lending Initiating an upswing

in demand and an increase in

home prices in the second

quarter of 1986.

i But the state of emergency

must have a negative impact

on confidence, and at worst,

the residential market could

'take more than two years to

recover. At best, a recovery;

could still come in the re-'

fSidential market from thel

(second quarter of 1986, say«;

Mr Berkowitz.

He says 15% year-on-year

.Inflation and the likelihood of

a 3% to 5% fall in bond interest rates from October 1985

to June 1986 point to an upswing in housing prices in

1986.

Stability )

"The extent of this Increase in prices will be deter-1

mined in the main by the

political stability within the,

country, the drop in bond in-:

terest rates and availability t

of building society liquidity.

"We expect to see an in-'

crease of 15% In actual terms >

for homes priced under'

R90 000 by December 1988

compared to December 1985. <

More expensive homes between R90 000 and R150 000

could see an estimated rise of'

7,5% during this period." ■■•,

Mr Berkowitz says houses

in the R150 000 to R500 000

bracket will be most affected

by any increase in emigration, and they will be the bargain purchases of 1986.

Lowest

Alda Geffen, chairman of

the Aida National Franchises

network of estate agencies,,

says the group recorded the

year's lowest average selling '• price of R84 117 in September. Average selling price in

October rose to R88154. '

She says" the group has'

been struggling to match the i

reduction in the average

sales prices with increased

unit turnover in 1985.

She says forecasts of a

higher inflation rate and a

marked slowdown in building

new houses will put pressure,,

on the "second-hand" re-,

sidential property market.

Total sales for the group in

the year to October were

2 683 homes for a total of

R233-milllon — an average of

R87 000 each. The figure is

5,43% down on the average of

R91933 from January to October 1984.

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

96
SOUTH AFRICA

MOSSEL BAY PROJECT HAMPERED BY LACK OF SKILLS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 26 Nov 85 p 2

[Article by Lawrence Bedford]

[Text] PLANS to develop the Mossel Bay

offshore oil scheme could be ham- •

pered by a lack of skills.

A welding industry spokesman said

yesterday SA fabricators lacked key

people needed to make the hardware

necessary for the Mossel Bay scheme.

He added that the period between;

physically quoting for a job and being

given the go-ahead would be too short to

train adequate people, to meet the demands.

SA needed welding engineers, technicians, inspectors, supervisors, non-destructive testing operatives and ordinary skilled welders, the SA Institute of

Welders' executive director Chris Smallbone told Business Day.

And the SA Institute of Chemical Engineers has issued a warning that SA has

a shortage of chemical and other engineers and that the number of engineering

students entering universities was drop-.?

rping rapidly. >$

f

s "Traditionally the engineering skills

needed to meet periods of great economtf ic activity have been obtained through

', immigration, but this route is not ex1 pected to provide such a ready source in

future," it says.

;'? Smallbone said even though SA indus-

! try was in recession, it was having to

A import ordinary welders, mainly of Portuguese ' extraction, to meet present

i. needs. ' v ■■'''

'• "What is more worrying is the absence in SA of welding engineers."

,■■' Smallbone's institute is running a

. three-week welding training course at

R4,5m Johannesburg training centre but

5

this is not expected to make much impression on the skill situation.

I "It means we are going to have-to)

import people." .'.'

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

97
COURT BARS GENERIC DRUG SUBSTITUTION

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 p 5

[Article by Cherilyn Ireton]

[ Text ] GENERIC drug giant, Lennon, took

,' a body blow last week when the door

to generic drug substitution by retail

fiharmacists was shut by a ruling of

he Pretoria Supreme Court.

Three days after Lennon had announced the completion of its 10-year,

R30m expansion plan, the court overruled a Pharmacy Council decision allowing pharmacists to replace prescribed drugs with generic substitutes.

Lennon is the manufacturing arm of

SA Druggists (SAD).

With its growth potential in this sector

of the retail drug market threatened.

: Lennon could shift its focus and market

the copycat drugs through other chan1 nels.

"If we are prevented from selling generics on the local market, we couldeasily pick up our margins through exports

LENNON TURNOVER

201

81/8262/83 83/84>4/8S)BB/8e| 86/87

Bourw Lwinon

' because everywhere else in the world

the generic movement is gaining momentum," Lennon MD Clive Stanton j

said last week. -

Lennon, which already sells over 80

generic products to more than 20 European and African countries, now plans to ,

; take on the Us market. :''

I. Stanton is awaiting the go-ahead from ]

the US Food and Drug Administration

before embarking on the export drive,,

.which he predicts will increase Lennon's ]

R50m turnover by more than half.

The R30m expansion programme at'

; the Port Elizabeth factory gives Lennon

the capacity to double its output overnight. •••' .

} ■■ - "

:

Collapse

Even with the virtual collapse of the .

retail pharmacy market, Stanton is con-'

fident the extra facilities will be utilised.

Lennon ranks as the top drug supplier '

to government health institutions, but

Stanton is confident privatisation of

'" these services will not close another.'

market to the company.

In the event of the private sector taking over health care, Lennon believes

there will be increased pressure for lowr^Miost medicines. With district surgeons

, assuming greater importance, outlets

for generlcs will continue to grow.

Stanton predicts a turnover of R55m

in the current financial year, growing to .

, R66m by the beginning of 1987.

! Lennon is the biggest profit centre ,

; within SAD and any success on world or

local markets will mean increased profits for the group and, ultimately, for

98
k

Federale Volksbeleggings/the holding"1

company. •<" , ;

Its decision to expand was taken in

1975, long before generic substitution became a debating point. f

,

A recent inspection by officials from •

Britain's Department of Health and Social Security ranked the upgraded fac- \

tory as one of the best manufacturing :

facilities in the world.

„ Fortunately for Lennon, its expansion

was completed before the plunge of the

rand so that the costly hi-tech manufac-,

1 turing and laboratory equipment heeded

•: was imported at budgeted prices. In to-

.': day's climate, the expansion would have r

been impossible. =f

At the time Lennon management de- >

:ided to extend the Port Elizabeth facil-'

iity, it decided against relocating the fac-'

(tory on the Reef.

1 There is little doubt among company n

officials that Lennon would have made <

the trek to Johannesburg had it foreseen :i

the industrial collapse in Port Elizabeth, i

Stanton does not regret staying: "In

fact, it is now an advantage to be here."

New transport incentives available to,

manufacturers will help absorb increasing costs and unemployment in the areawhich assures Lennon of a low staff

turnover. The company employs 900

people and invests R250000 a year on' '■■

staff training.

Lennon ranks 10th in the total private

sector market. However, since 1981 it

has more than doubled its turnover from

R24m to R55m.

With its growing dominance of the

manufacturing market, Lennon's posi-1

tlon within the SAD group is becoming

stronger. ' ■■■ -• ■■■■'.■■"

Performance

to.

Its performance far outweighs that ofj

other companies within SAD's pharma*

ceutical division. Observers believe it

Will only be a matter of time before

companies within this division, including

Labethica and Continental Ethicals, fall

under the Lennon umbrella. • ';••"

Lennon believes SA can't afford to!

turn its back on generics and says the'

hiling by the Pretoria Supreme Court

will only bring a temporary halt to substitution by retail pharmacists. ]

When the generic drug substitution

issue emerged a year ago, Lennon mobi-'

Used its communication forces to put

forward a constant and convincing argu- ' ment for generic substitution.

Of the R400m-a-year SA prescribedmedicines market, Stanton estimates

RIOOm is substitutable. Generics is a

1

lucrative market.

The copycat drugs which will continue

to be sold through Institutional outlets

are a branded version of an original

medicine whose patent has expired.

After expiry, other manufacturers are

allowed to reproduce a product, made

up of the same active raw materials.

But because no research and development costs are incurred by generic manufacturers, their overheads are reduced.

This allows them to market their products at prices substantially cheaper,

jthan the originals. -

If

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

99
SOUTH AFRICA

TWO-TIER RAND SPECULATORS CURBED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Alan Sendzul]

[Text ] IMMIGRANTS who arrived in SA before the i

introduction of the two-tier rand are now ]

{prohibited from using the commercial rand«

o remit money abroad, if they chose to bring

money into the country in the form of the

financial rand.

!' As the ruling stands, new immigrants are

allowed to deal freely with their assets for '

the first three years of residency. But the

new condition states that whichever channel j

is used to take money out, be it the CR or FR, .

must again be used if the money is to be re- '

introduced.

The logic is simple. With the gap between

the CR and FR now averaging around 27%, -

the scope for making a fast profit has been

f enormous, with almost no risk at all.

As a banker explains: "Assets remitted

abroad through the FR are done by buying i

'•; and selling equivalent SA shares in New;

York or London, but when the commercial'

rand is used, actual currency flows out." j

^ The move forms part of the concerted

• drive to plug all remaining holes in the

; standstill net through which dollars have I

' been escaping. '

Of equal concern to economists is the

■■' amount of heavy capital machinery which

has been leaving the country. Americans are

[licking up the used machinery for much less

han they would pay on the US market. :

The machinery is being allowed to leave

SA virtually unquestioned, since circum-,

stances are biased toward promoting ex-,

ports. The effects of such shortsightedness

will not be felt for some time. Depressed

economic conditions have created surplus

capacity, with many machines standing idle.

The fear is that when the economy perks

up again and the levels of employment and

production return to earlier levels, the machinery will have to be bought back from

overseas firms. Not only will the price have

risen in the meanwhile, but the deals will

have to be paid for in dollars.

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

100
SOUTH AFRICA

SYNTHETIC FUEL DELIVERIES FORECAST FOR 1991

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 p 3

[Text] MOTORISTS should be tanking up

with the first deliveries of synthetic

fuel from the Mossel Bay gas project by 1991, says Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs Danie Steyn.

He said in Mossel Bay at the weekend

that when the project was fully commissioned in 1992, it would bring a foreign

exchange saving of R800m a year in

present money terms.

He saw the decision to develop the

offshore natural gas reserves as a turning point in the economic situation.

Invitations would be extended within

a week to a limited number of SA-affiliated companies to tender for design,

implementation and project management.

Steyn mooted the possibility of privatisation through a public share issue

when the project was stable and operating-Government's financial involvement

would be through the Central Energy

Fund. But the maximum amount of private sector participation in the project,

which is to begin early next year, would

be sought.

Steyn cited other benefits of the project as:

D Thousands of new job opportunities;

D At least 40% local content;

A new dam and increased electricity

supply in the Mossel Bay area;

D Advantages for Transkei, Bpphuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.

!< Steyn said proven gas reserves indi-

, cated a project life of about 20 years, but

that 25 years was considered essential.

>,:. "Therefore, a further drilling programme is under way aimed at the con-

, firmation of gas reserves already discovered, the reserve size of which has

not yet been determined.

"Excellent results are being achieved

with continued drilling and a project life

' of 30 years is not excluded.

The Mossel Bay project embraces offshore gas production and onshore processing. ' Steyn said no final decision had yet

been taken on a site for the processing

plant and warned against unrealistic

property speculation.

For the processing, various technolo-*-

gies, among them the Sasol-Synthol anc1

the Mobil process, were being considered.

It was thought the project would yieltf

roughly equal volumes of petrol and die-i

sei, although flexibility to meet chang-f

ing demand patterns would be incorporated. ,,

"Maximum technological expertise

transfer to South African organisations

in co-o'peration with overseas partners

is aimed for to enable the local engineering industry to master and establish the

necessary project management, techno- |

logical and other capabilities."

An initial local content of at least 40%

was foreseen. Taking capital cost, main-"

tenance and operational costs into consideration, local content would be in?

r creased as far as possible.

"The decrease in the rand/dollar exchange rate may result in an increased

local content," Steyn said.

A major part of the final construction

of the gas production platform would

: take place in Port Elizabeth. — Sapa.

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

101
MOSSEL BAY OIL PROJECT BUOYS PORT ELIZABETH

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 16 Nov 85 p 13

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] Weekend Argus Bureau

PORT ELIZABETH. - The

announcement that the Govern-

' ment is to proceed with the ex-

' ploitation of the Mossel Bay

v gas fields has been received

enthusiatically in recession-hit

Port Elizabeth whose industries stand to gain from the gi1 ant project.

The mayor of Port Elizabeth,

Mr Ben Olivier, said the city

' had the industrial capability —

standing willing and waiting —

to take advantage of any spinoff contracts.

"We have the infrastructure

and we are more able than

anywhere else in the country to

give a better service and execute contracts. Anything we

get will be very welcome," he

said.

The president of the Port

Elizabeth Chamber of Industries, Mr Bill Oddy, said the

city's heavy industries would

benefit most from the construction of the project and

added that he felt Port Elizabeth was the place best suited

for the assembly of the offshore platform to be used.

Heavy steel

Mr Brian Wilson, an economist with the chamber, said industries that would benefit

most were those engaged in

heavy steel construction, while

the electrical, air conditioning

and pipe making and welding

firms would also have major

spin off benefits.

Mr Ken Akehurst, general

manager of Mangolds Engineering, one of the largest engineering firms in the city, said

that while no actual work on

the project might start for another two years, the decision to

go ahead with the exploitation

of the field would give the depressed Eastern Cape a confidence boost it badly needed.

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

102
SOUTH AFRICA

HEALTHY TRADE BALANCE REPORTED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 p 1

[Text; ' SOUTH AFRICA recorded a favourable ...

trade balance of RIO 486m In the first 10

months of this year, according to gov-

. ernment figures released in Pretoria on

i Friday. '

\ Preliminary statistics released by the

Commissioner for.Customs and Excise

show that by the end of October, exports.

totalled R29 733m and imports

R19 248m.

I The trade balance at the same time

last year stood at R2 674m.

These figures do not include invisi- ,

'bles. These crude figures suggest that>(

the balance of payments currency

account surplus could be over R5bn. '4

The import and export figures have

been adjusted to bring them into line

with requirements for the compilation

of the balance of payments.

A breakdown of world trading zones

showed that Europe remained SA's

largest trading partner. '

Exports totalled R7 527,2m, compared

with R5 517,9m in the same period last

year, while imports stood at R9 037m

(R7 940,7m).

Asia was SA's second largest export

partner with a total of R4 233,4m

(R2747m).

These two were followed by America,

with R2 876,8m (R2 029,1m), Africa with

Rl 307,6m (R727,9m), and Oceania with

R202,lm (R152,4m).

After Europe, American imports rated second, with R3 030m (R3 418,5m).

' Asia was next with a total of R2 809,4

(R3 423,3m), followed by Africa, with

R370,8m (R345m) and Oceania, with

R241,5m (R254,7m).

Other unclassified goods and balance

of payments adjustments totalled

R13 541,3m for exports (R9 443,8m) and

R3 759m for imports (R2 590,4m).

Ships and aircraft stores exported totalled R44,9m (R28m). — Sapa.

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

103
SOUTH AFRICA

SCIENTISTS FEAR INTERNATIONAL REJECTION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 pp 1, 2

[Article by Fred Stiglingh]

[Text; INTERNATIONAL isolation is threaten-"',

Ing technological development as SA scientists see themselves frozen out by hos-..

tile foreign governments.

• Over the the past 18 months there has '

been intensification of a campaign *

against SA scientists, says Council for

Scientific and Industrial Research 1

(CSIR) chief director of information and ">

.research services Pat Butler. ;.

I Relations have deteriorated to such an

extent that the International Council of

Scientific Unions (ICSU) has protested on,.

I; SA's behalf and set up a committee to

persuade countries to grant visas. :

, Butler says Britain, the US, France,

. Scandinavia and West Germany have de- .:.

veloped alarming policies, culminating

I in the harassment of visiting SA seien- ,

/tists. 4

<;' Many countries refuse outright to i

', grant them visas, or resort to an assort- j

;'. ment of "dirty tactics" to hamper their

entry, he says. -

These include pretending to lose pass- '

j* ports or visa applications, withholding ,

J

. passports until after a conference had \

> taken place, or refusal to grant visas

unless other countries grant them.

Other tactics, says Butler, include the

issue of visas only on submission of detailed itineraries of the scientists' move-

' ments, and names, addresses and telephone numbers of their hosts.

Butler says the latest actions could

hamper publication of research results ;

; in international publications and inhibit{

f research and development by restricting **

I the export of essential apparatus to SA.

"Scientific and technical communication is a two-way process, with both host , and guest benefiting, " he says.

"In preventing this, these governments

are doing their own people as much harm '

I as they are doing the South Africans,

especially as our scientists often have

special expertise."

He says research and development in

SA generally benefits all members of the

population and, in many instances, neieh-

, bouring states.

ICSU has protested against what it

sees as an infringement of an unspoken

code - that the world's scientists must

interact and that they will progress only

through the exchange of ideas.

,••■■ The latest victim of the campaign is

; anthropologist Professor Phillip Tobias

,. of Wits University, who has been banned

from the world congress on archaeology

I to be held in Southampton, England, next

September.

i Tobias, an outspoken critic of apart- '

heid, was invited to attend the confer-

| ence. He has now received a letter from

i the organisers saying he is no longer

, welcome.

I- "It was clearly on political grounds "

says Butler.

India and Japan, he says, issue visas to

SA scientists attending ICSU-sponsored '

conferences only if they sign an antiapartheid declaration.

: ICSU Is against this because it binds

scientists to a political forum.

Australia and New Zealand issue visas

i only in special circumstances, France

', and the Benelux countries do so grudg-

> lhgly, while Mexico and other South

i American countries refuse point-blank.

; "Our overseas colleagues are showing

great concern," he says. "We still have

i. excellent relationships on a personal

level.

"The moves against us apparently

stem from anti-apartheid groups pressuring their governments."

/8309

CSO: 3400/585 104
SOUTH AFRICA

IMPORTS SLUMP THREATENS SHIPPING LINE

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 23 Nov 85 p 2

[Article by Stephen Robinson]

[Text] STEPHEN ROBINSON

THE sharp reduction in the

volume of imports coming

to South Africa has forced

one of the three non-conference shipping lines serving

Europe to South Africa out

of business, and could jeopardise the survival of the

other two.

,' A Dutch company, European

and South Africa Container

Lines Ltd (ESA), has collapsed

leaving debts in the region of

. $1,5 million.

About 15 people involved in

the South African end of their

operation have been paid off.

Southbound traffic on the

main Europe to South Africa

route is now 30 to 40 percent

down on the same period last

year, and this has led to ruthless competition in the tariff

rates charged and a severe reduction in margins.

Apart from the dramatic

fall-off in trade, ESA suffered

severely when one of its three

vessels hit a submerged object

off the Canary Islands in

October.

The time it took to repair the

ship seriously disrupted the

company's cash-flow. ; V

Mr Nigel Baughan, who acted as agent for the company

until the collapse, said trading

conditions had become almost

impossible since the sharp decline in the value of the rand.

"I believe that the reduced

flow of imports and the consequent pressure on the freight

rates will make the future viability of the non-conference

lines dubious," he said.

Their ships were considered

by shipping experts to be too

small and inflexible to operate

successfully on the Europe to

South Africa route.

Mr Mike Economou, branch

manager of MSC, one of the

two remaining non-conference

shipping lines, agreed that the

reduction in imports had made

conditions difficult on the

southbound route.

"However, our company is

well established and performing well, and although we expect a further reduction in the

southbound traffic next year

we are doing well enough on

the improvement in northbound traffic to compensate,"

he said.

• South Africa's only scheduled direct sea link with Australia will continue, in spite of

some disruptive action by

1 unions in Australian ports, Safocean managing director Mr |

Joop Weddepohl says.

Since 1970 Safocean — a *

joint venture between Safmarine and Nedlloyd — had provided a service which Mr Weddepohl descibed as "dedicated ,

and unwavering". :j

He said no matter how rough i

the trading waters the South

African-based line had sailed

on.

"Many competitors have entered this trade only to leave 1

for calmer seas when economic ,,

or political storm coulds gathered. Safocean's policy has \

been to take a practical, long

term view.

"The line realises that whatever the current situation,

South Africa and Australia will

remain trading partners, with ,1

shippers in both countries con- ;'

tinuing to require a direct and '

dedicated service.

"Both the Safocean Neder- '

burg and the Safocean Mildura

have been redesigned to meet !

shippers' requirements on the

South Africa-Autsrlia run. The

vessels are equipped to carry

general and reefer cargoes,

with accommodation for 500

boxes, including a facility for

120 refrigerated containers. In

addition both ships have deep:

tanks for bulk liquids." .

/8309

CSO: 3400/585

105
SOUTH AFRICA

NATION SUFFERS FROM SHRINKING CAPITAL FORMATION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p k

article: "SA's R62bn Debt 'Not Put to Good Use'_y

/Text/ SOUTH Africa has not put the R62bn it

owes the world to good use.

Gad Arovlch, writing for brokers

Menell, Jack Hyman, Rosenberg and Co,

says that far from using foreign funds to

develop the country, SA has suffered

from shrinking capital formation in real

terms during the past five years.

This Indicates that its means of production has been eroded as SA has preferred to consume more in the present

and to save less for the future.

The feeling has grown that a large

external foreign debt is detrimental to a

country's economy and that it is a sign of,

financial inadequacy. Arovich argues

that, on the contrary, international borrowing can generate economic growth if

the funds raised are applied to higher

return projects.

If international borrowings are

invested to yield a local return which is

higher than the cost of raising those

funds, it can be considered a prudent

development strategy. Indeed, he says,

several countries in the Far East have

adopted this policy successfully. {

"Unfortunately such a strategy has.

not been applied in SA whose fast grow-!

Ing international borrowing has not been1

accompanied by lncreasedinvestment.">

■■> 1

In terms of relative international in-!

debtedness SA ranks 22nd (just behind

Yugoslavia, but ahead of Australia)

when measuring debt as a ratio of exports. Based on end-December 1984 data1

SA's figure is 1,06. The highest ratio is'

that of Egypt, at a 4,29 debt to exports

ratio. 1

In terms of foreign debt to Gross

Domestic Product SA ranks 20th with a

ratio of 0,25. Top of the list is Chile with

0,84.

/12851

CSO: 31*00/588

106
SOUTH AFRICA

CONSTRUCTION TENDERS WON AT LOSS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 2J Nov 85 p 11

/Article: "Tenders Are Won .at a Loss_^

/Text/

THE open tender system for construction contracts is,

becoming an increasingly dicey route. ' With so little work around some contractors —

particularly the smaller and less established concerns

— are cutting tender prices to levels which ultimately

costs them money. And this can push a. troubled com-,

pany over or close to the edge.

But while in times like these it might be safer to

negotiate contracts or invite tenders, clients generally

prefer to take advantage of the extremely competitive

prices which are coming through the open tender

system.

Major contractors are mostly firmly in favour of

negotiation: it makes for a better client/contractor

relationship, they say, involving the contractor in the,

project at an earlier stage.

They refer to the "iniquitous tender system" which

forces some types of contractors to trim more than

they can afford, sometimes eyen tempting them to cut

corners. " '

Ian Madden, MD of Ovcon (Transvaal), says anybody

who wins more than one contract in succession these

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days ought to be watched — .it should be asked why

! they're as low as they are.

The collapse of TDH and Strachan proved his point*

.he says.

He believes a responsible client would invite tenders

or negotiate. He views negotiation as a way of saving

money — the client does not have to spend considerable amounts on the drawing up of detailed tender

documents.

But it is here that the professionals have a problem.

Quantity surveyors, for example, will argue that they

are there to facilitate tendering by handling documentation.

Another ardent supporter of the tender route is LTA

Construction chairman Peter Jacobsen.

"The lowest, tightest tender is not necessarily' the

best," he says. "In negotiation, the client has professional advisers at hand to ensure that all is in order.

Approaching the issue from the other side are the

many clients who maintain that by eliminating competition by not going to the open market the developer

doesn't know if a better price could have been achieved

elsewhere. >

107
SOUTH AFRICA

SHELL DIVERSIFIES INTO TIMBER

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p h

/Article by Alan Prat: "Shell Moves into Timber^/

/Text/ SHELL (SA) has contin-'

ued its long-term diversification programme by

moving into the timbergrowing industry.

This' follows international involvement by

Shell in coal and metal as

alternatives to Its oil interests.

' The international parent already has two timber-growing projects in

New Zealand and one

each in Chile and Brazil.

However, a spokesman

for the South African

operation said yesterday:

"We have no plans at this

stage to expand downstream into timber processing."

He said the company

had decided to move into

timber following an indepth survey of this country's timber-growing po-;

tential.

1 The final report highlighted South Africa's

ideal forest-growing conditions and the expected

timber shortage by the

turn of the century.

Figures released in October by the SA Timber

Growers' Association

show that the shortage is

Increasing. New afforestation is running at about

8 000 ha a year, significantly below the estimated 29 000 ha needed to

meet the timber Indus*

try's future demands.

"With superior silvicultural techniques in carefully-selected locations

Shell believes there are

attractive business opportunities," said the spokesman.

The company's pilot

project has been launched

In Northern Natal with

the purchase of a 4 000 ha

smallholding at Kwambonambl.

However, the company

could meet opposition

from the regions sugar

cane farmers.

Rex Hudson, assistant

GM of the SA Cane Growers' Association, said although cane farming in

the area was proving only

marginally profitable,

farmers were wary of alternative development.

"Farmers in Northern

Natal are not too keen on

industrial giants joining

the agricultural industry.

Sappi and Mondi are already buying va3t tiacts

of land for timber growing. However, it's rands

and cents that count in the

end."

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SOUTH AFRICA

COST OF MEDICINES LIKELY TO INCREASE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p 3

/Article hy Business Day Reporter David Furlonger/

/Text/ GOVERNMENT'S 10% surcharge

on pharmaceutical raw materials is

unjustified and is likely to increase

further the cost of medicines, according to Niko Stutterheim, chairman of drug and chemicals group

Noristan Holdings.

In the group's annual report he said

the weak rand had already pushed up

prices because of the increased costs of

imports.

"The recently-imposed 10% surcharge on imports, which also affects

pharmaceuticals and chemicals, will

place further pressure on selling prices

and we are of the opinion the surcharge

cannot be justified on an essential item

such as medicine."

Noristan MD Hugo Snyckers said yesterday the surcharge would increase

medicine prices_byj%._;

"The stateTs always expressine concern atthe high cost of medicines. If it so

concerned, it should demonstrate it," he

added.

The annual report shows that Noristan, which also deals in computers,

achieved an after-tax profit in the year,

to JuneofRl,3m, compared with Rl,lm.

This includes provision for R2,4m in

foreign exchange losses on overseas

loans. Total provisions for. forex losses

for the year were R4,7m, of which the

NORISTAN

R/MrSALES

1980 81 82 83 84 86

Scurcs:NOniSTAN

|.^^^^..|

.;v/.v.^w.i.MJA^^^^^^^^^^^^^^!^!'^^^^^^^^^^^^!•^^

balance will be spread over the period of

the loans. ' Describing Noristan's results as

"quite reasonable", Snyckers said yesterday the group was not expanding.

He warned that if the SA economy

showed no signs of an early recovery,

drug and cosmetic prices could rise

sharply in the new year.

Although imported ingredients made

up a huge chunk of products.— 100% in

the case of Noristan's cosmetics —

many manufacturers were continuing to

absorb increased costs because of reduced public buying power and competitive pressures.

"However, you can probably expectto

see further increases in the new year. A

number of manufacturers are awaiting |

the result of the rescheduling talks." .'

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SOUTH AFRICA

BAN ON 'CHEAP' PETROL BRINGS OUTCRY

Ministry Announcement

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Nov 85 pp 1, 2, 6

^/Article by Peter Wallington: "Outcry as Cheap Petrol Is Banned^

£Textf Government has banned self-service petrol discount schemes from

today -- but a defiant Pick h Pay will go on paying self-service customers

k$/l at sites countrywide.

Mineral and Energy Affairs Minister Danie Steyn said yesterday the ban on

petrol discount schemes was an intermediary measure pending an investigation into fuel price regulations early next year.

A notice prohibiting the scheme is published in a special "Government Gazette"

today.

Government's handling of the issue has been slammed by the Progressive Federal Party (PFP) and Pick 'n Pay chairman Raymond Ackerman.

PFP energy spokesman Brian Goodall said yesterday it was unbelievable that

at a time of rampant inflation, legislation was being used to prevent goods

being sold more cheaply.

"This must be one of the few countries where action is taken against those

who charge too little, rather than too much.

"It shows what a charade the whole concept of free markets is in SA. It's

no good government talking about free markets and then refusing to let them

operate."

He said the petrol move and the recent interference in the coal industry

made him wonder whether the Mineral and Energy Affairs Minister had heard

about government's "so-called free market policy."

Ackerman was furious. He said he had just come back from Britain where he

had been "busting a gut for SA. I have been urging major food retailers to

buy SA goods and arguing against disinvestment and sanctions on TV and in

the Press.

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"In honestly trying to do a decent job for the public, I come back to a kick

in the teeth."

Ackerman said he was disappointed Steyn had acted before talking to Pick 'n

Pay, as promised.

Both the M and the Consumer Council have been supporting Pick 'n Pay in its

efforts to sell cheaper petrol.

Pick 'n Pay director Peter Rice said customers would still be paid 4^/l if

they served themselves. "We are not discounting petrol. We are charging the

full price and we don't know who the minister is referring to," he said.

He added that company lawyers would study the gazetted legislation.

It has been claimed that self-service sites could jeopardise the jobs of

^5;000 pump attendants at U,500 petrol stations.

Steyn said if the practice of paying motorists who served themselves was

widely adopted, it might have serious consequences for the service station

industry.

"To keep petrol prices as low as possible, the controlled profit of the

service stations is 5,2^/l --a gross profit margin of approximately 5$ --

while labour cost alone is approximately 2^/l."

If service stations had to compete with chain stores, smaller outlets might

disappear. This was against government policy on promoting small business.

The uncoordinated reduction in the number of service stations would affect

the availability and quality of service, increase congestion at the pumps

and force motorists to travel longer distances to buy petrol.

It could also affect thousands of job opportunities. Unemployment had been

identified as a major factor in the unrest situation, he said.

In the early stage of the scheme, investigations had revealed severe underutilisation of pump attendants in areas where discount petrol was available.

Goodall slammed the employment factor as a red herring. He said when supermarkets came into being, they knocked out a number of smaller operators, but

provided jobs for many more people and improved goods and services.

Steyn said he had taken note of the wide spectrum of conflicting viewpoints

on the Issue.

"it is our intention that a thorough investigation on fuel price regulations

be undertaken early in 1986 in conjunction with the relevant parties -- the

wholesale and retail petroleum industries, the Motor Industries Federation

and the Consumer Council."

Ill
BUSINESS DAY Comment

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Nov 85 p 6

/Editorial: "Unkindest Cut^7

/Text/,G

OVERNMENT'S decision to ban the sale

of cut-price petrol cannot be! condemned more strongly. i

No-one is more conscious than we of the

need to promote employment. But the way

to do this is by encouraging growth in the

economy, not by trying to turn back the

clock. We will not solve any of our problems

by making the economy less efficient than it

already is. '

Government supports its stand by arguments so fatuous that we can only doubt

whether these are the true reasons for the

move. Perhaps government should come

clean. j

If government carried its argument to its

logical conclusion it would ban the motor

car and make the riksha the compulsory

form of transport. Think how many jobs that

would create.

Mineral and Energy Affairs Minister

Danie Steyn defends his action by selective

reference to government policies. He argues, for example, that if the ordinary service stations are forced to compete with

chain stores, the smaller stations could disappear "which is against the government's

policy on promoting small business." He

says nothing, however, about government's

equal commitment to free enterprise, or to

curbing inflation.

And how come this sudden concern with

small business? Over the past 15 years, supermarket chains have already caused irreparable harm to small storekeepers because, with their greater level of efficiency,

they can undercut the small men on price.

Government has not found that a cause for

concern — nor should it. Lower prices are in

the interests of the consumer and of the

economy as a whole.

Steyn also argues that the uncoordinated

reduction of service stations would affect

the availability and quality of service to the

motorist, increase congestion at the pumps,

and require motorists to travel further to

buy petrol.

For someone who allegedly stands for

free enterprise, this is startling comment. If

these terrible predictions do come to pass,

and if motorists cared more about them

than about price, then cut-price self-service

petrol stations simply would not survive.

But the only way to establish whether this is

true is to let the market operate.

It is no consolation that government plans

a "thorough investigation" into fuel price

^regulation next year. Government inquiries;

tend to be merely a way of sweeping prob-j

llems under the carpet. 1

f Reserve Bank Governor Gerhard de Kock'

on Monday urged the private sector not to,

weaken in its support of free market princi-,

pies. Private entrepreneurs, he said, should

;'think twice before supporting proposals for;

'more direct controls. '• '"!

(' What a pity Steyn did not hear him.;V '$

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SOUTH AFRICA

BMW, GM TALK RATIONALISATION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p 3

/Text/ GENERAL MOTORS management met BMW in

tlsando this week in the latest round of top-level

discussions being held by BMW over urgent rationalisation moves to halt the spiralling industry crisis.

Confirmation of the talks — which industry sources

: say could bring major manufacturing projects to the

Eastern Cape from the Transvaal — comes in the

wake of widespread speculation about the future of

Port Elizabeth and Uitenhage plants, which are operating well below capacity.

BMW would not confirm any formal negotiations

between the companies, but a senior spokesman said

BMW was "investigating a number of alternatives".:

' "We cannot divulge more specific details at this

stage due to the tentative and confidential nature off

the discussions which are taking place," said corpor-,

ate planning and communications executive Pierre de

la Key. '

"Something really has to happen. There are expensive plants lying around operating at a third of their

capacity."

It was learnt yesterday that the dismantling of;

passenger and light commercial production lines at

Ford's Neave plant had been halted.

This could not be confirmed by Samcor last night.'

However, industry sources have said General Motors

recently tenderedjor the plant.

The rationalisation talks are understood to centre

on indications that government plans to grant concessions to vehicle and component manufacturers who,

want to utilise surplus production capacity by enter-!

ing export markets. ,

Industry sources believe Eastern Cape manufacturers would provide the perfect coastal facility for

the production of export vehicles.

! De la Rey said BMW was investigating a number of,

.alternatives.

"But I must stress that it really is a number of

alternatives. We are certainly not looking at a merger

or a takeover -=- no-one is going to take us over."

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SOUTH AFRICA

SAMCOR RETRENCHMENTS UNDER FIRE

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p 1

/Text/ ORGANISED labour in the motor manufacturing sector in Port Elizabeth has

lashed out at Samcor's decison to retrench about 1300 Ford workers 12 days

before Christmas.

Les Kettledas, regional secretary for

the National Automobile and Allied

Workers' Union (Naawu), which represents most of the hourly-paid workers in

the motor manufacturing Industry, said

the retrenchments would have a disastrous effect on the community. ' Although 1300 people are to be axed,

more than 5 000 dependents would be

directly effected by the retrenchments,

he said. T

"Samcor will not be able to justify any

repercussions as a result of this decision,

which affects people who have toiled for

years and now find themselves in a new

world of unemployment." , Kettledas said the retrenchments

came at a time of high tensions, frustrations and disillusionment with the political and economic system in South Africa. 1 A Samcor spokesman said yesterday

the retrenchments were in keeping with

previously announced plans to maintain

production at a reduced level.

The company is in the process of informing affected staff aläout the retrenchments. Samcor closes for Christmas on December 13.

At the beginning of the year, when

Ford merged with Pretoria-based Amcar to form Samcor, it was believed that

about 2 000 people would lose their jobs.

During the year a number of Ford

staffers and divisions have been transferred to Pretoria.

The Christmas retrenchments are

seen as the final winding down of the

Ford Neave plant in Port Elizabeth.

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SOUTH AFRICA

RENAULT ACCUSED OF NOT INFORMING DEALERS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p 5

/Article hy Chris Cairncross: "Renault Dealers 'Kept in Dark'^

/Text/ RENAULT dealers/ particularly

those in the Cape, are bitter at the

cavalier way m which, they say,

they are being kept in the dark by

the motor manufacturer. <

A number have complained to

Business Day that they had had no

official notification from the company of its plans to pull out of SA.

"All we have had to rely on is

what we have been able to glean

from newspapers," complained

Diep River dealer Ron Stewart. ' Until last Friday, when Renault

released a statement concerning its

decision to stop the assembly of its

vehicles at Leyland's Elsies River

plant, its dealer network had con-,

tinually been reassured that Renault was to stay.

"It is a message we passed on to:

our customers. The subsequent de-i

cision has effectively made us li-<

ars," Stewart said. f

• Renault's Johan Theron describes these allegations as a bit

unfair. Letters had been sent out by

priority mail to each of the company's 138 franchised dealers last

Friday, advising them of the new

position, he explained.

Theron added that Renault had,

effectively been short-changed by'

Peugeot, with whom they had been

discussing the possibility of a

•shared asseipSly.

"There was a one-sided announcement from Peugeot that

there had been a breakdown in discussions, which we were not partv

to," he said. ,.

F

\

" Renault had no other option but

to react at short notice, after discussions with the company's

national dealer council, Theron

said.

The termination of the assembly

contract with Leyland's assembly

arm, Associated Vehicle Assemblers (AVA), does not necessarily

mean Renault has entirely given in

onSA.

The Rll and R9 models have

proved to be popular with the country's motorists and the company

still hopes they will continue to be

assembled here.

' There is a search for one or two

partners and the possibility is that;

assembly will be transferred to the

Witwatersrand — if the search is!

fruitful. 1

Currently Renault has about!

2 500 of these vehicles in stock,;

which it intends to liquidate. • * The company does not, however,!

Elan to put them on to the market at;

ig discounts — as happened re-i

(Cently with Peugeot. •;

The retail rice would be unaffectied. But dealers will be offered:

various incentives, Theron said. '

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SOUTH AFRICA

COI OFFICIAL ON AWARDING MOSSEL BAY CONTRACTS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p 5

article by Andre Van Zyl: ."Let SA Build the Bay^/

/Text/ KEEP Mossel Bay development

(»rivate from the start and award

ocal contracts, Transvaal Chamber of Industries president Tony

Ewer has urged government.

He said South African contracts

should be used to the greatest possible extent. The best option would be

to form consortiums of local companies and get them to buy any additional skills and technology required.

This would result in massive local

contracts, stimulate local research

and development and ensure that

skills and technology did not leave the

country when the project was completed.

"South Africa is spending R3,5bn on

this project. Let's come out with

something permanent which could be

used for further economic development," Ewer said.

"And while the government is talking about privatisation, let's have this

venture privatised from the start so

we don't have to sell off yet another

'Escom' later."

Ewer said many of the more sophisticated aspects of the project —

such as communications, computer

controls and support — would only be

required during later phases in five or

six years' time. This would leave

'enough time to develop most of the

[required skills locally.

Foreign project developers would

also tend to design according to overseas specifications, which probably'

'require overseas components," he

said.

"That would mean we are not making use of, say, the manufacturer in

Boksburg making nuts, cables or

plugs.

"Also, foreign licensing agreements under which overseas consortiums operate would prohibit exports

of technology or products of that

technology, so again the lasting benefits are reduced."

Ewer said South Africa should not

waste opportunities provided by this

kind of scheme.

"For instance, the three oil rigs ftir

the project have all been made in

Durban.

"South Africa has thus established

the industry to make oil rigs and

should be exploring the possibility of

producing these for export."

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SOUTH AFRICA

ANGLO-ALPHA'S CEMENT PLANT COMMISSIONED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 NOT 85 p 17

/Article by Alan Robertson/ .

[_ Text/ With the recession bitirig'deep'

and other cement manufacture

.ers either mothballing plant or:

cutting back on production»1

Anglo-Alpha's R300 million new,

state-of-the-art cement kiln in'

the northern Cape will operate

on a "need only" basis for the

time beingj !

5 The kiln, capable of producing

1,2 million tons of cement a

year, was officially commissioned by the Minister of Trade

and Industries, Dr Dawie Vil-

^iers earlier this week, ' .

\ The decision to expand at

.Union Lime (Ulco) was taken

more than three years ago but

the crippling effects of the recession in the building industry

has led to depressed cement

sales, hence Anglo Alpha's deci-:

sion to operate* the kiln on a

i"need only" basis.

f The country's largest cement

producer, PPC; recently announced that it was mothballing

'its new plant being built at

Dwaalboom in the northern

(Transvaal, also at a cost of:

around R300 million. r"7""'"""'':'

'• At the time PPC cited the depressed state of the country's

construction industry as the reason for the close-down of building operations. !

\! The fact that Anglo Alpha decided, nevertheless, to go ahead

with the commissioning of Ulco

5 is indicative of the controlled

situation regarding the market-'

;ing of cement in South Africa

whereby the three manufacturers, PPC, Anglo Alpha and Blue

Circle, have tied up the market

between themselves oh a fixed

share basis. ' »

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Speaking at the opening ceremony the chairman of Anglo

Alpha, Mr Peter Byland, said

that the decision to go ahead

with the plant by Swiss company Holderbank, which has interests in cement companies in

26 countries, including AngloAlpha, "is an ample mark of our

confidence in the future". 1

He said the local cement industry is modern and efficient

and has few, if any, equals in

economy of scale. The new kiln;

brings,Anglo-Alpha's, total ca->

pacity to 3,6 million tons, or 36

': percent of the country's total ce-j

.ment production. 'j

t: "The new plant is extensively

[mechanised and automated, and

lin sophistication represents the

tcurrent state of the art in the

fworld's cement industry," he isaid. i

I" The kiln uses 38 computers to

I control the entire plant from a

single office; The central point

of the Ulco plant is a rotary

kiln, measuring 4,6 m in diamejter and 70 m in length, which is

fired by pulverised coal and operates at a temperature of 1450

degC.

; The 3,7MW raw mill is the

largest of its type in the world.

The older design of wet kiln

at Ulco has been mothballed

until such time as increased cement demand justifies the re-:

commissioning of their capacity- •

! The total installed capacity at

;Ulco is now 1,8 million tons a

year and,the company is now in

the position of being able to

:meet demand for many years to

come.

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SOUTH AFRICA

DETAILS ON BOKSBURG HI-TECH COMPLEX GIVEN

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 26 Nov 85 p 25

^Article by Jaap Boekkooi, Science Reporter/

/Text/ The twenty-first century is rushing headlong towards South Africa

via a large industrial complex in Boksburg. Here the new age of electronics

is in full cry, and many a futuristic tomorrow has already begun.

In this country's high-tech circles the Altron empire is a by-word, yet it

is little known, at least to the non-tech public, that in its own quiet

way our solid Boksburg is becoming the Silicon Valley of South Africa.

Some 30,000 busy hands in a cluster of factories there have wrought millions

of micro miracles, such as miniature chips with the most complex integrated

circuits, intricate quartz crystals, capacitators, diodes, transistors, circuit boards and many other products of the electronic era.

For ages it was thought South Africa would never be able to compete in a

field dominated by those tiny hands controlled by the shrewd eyes of Japanese,

Singaporean, Taiwanese and Hong Kong women with their acknowledged finger

virtuosity in any field where microns rather than millimeters count.

But here, 15 km from Johannesburg, they are often surpassed by an East Rand

work force of women from the coloured, Indian and black townships, plus

housewives from white areas, all working together in total harmony.

Fewer Rejects

Rejects rates in transistor manufacture, for instance, at Boksburg are lower

at 3,3 percent than in Japan with its years of experience, and about onethird of that in other world micro-manufacturing centres.

The proudest plant in the Altron factory family is no doubt the Autoclave,

the only one south of the equator, which manufactures high-frequency quartz

crystals, the basic building blocks of all electronic and computer systems.

Without explaining it in detail, pure quartz, mined at Pietersburg, is seeded

in what is really a high-pressure man-made steel "Kimberlite pipe" of the

type in which nature produced diamonds, to make millions of new crystals on

seed-racks in steel baskets inside the pressure vessels.

118
The pressure built up here is similar to that used in man-made-diamond manufacturing, and if the finely skimmed pressure vessel plug could blow off

during maximum power, it would probably fly through the factory roof all

the way to Vereeniging. Something similar happened in Japan once.

The complex has many other proud achievements. One among them is a new digital

telephone exchange on integrated boards. It is so small that an exchange

for the whole of Johannesburg could fit into the average built-in bedroom

cupboard.

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SOUTH AFRICA

COMPUTER JOURNALISTS AWARDED PRIZES

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p 6

/Text/ The IMS South African Computer Journalists of the Year awards have

been won by the editors of two specialist publications. First prize in

the news category went to Simon Cashmore, editor of "Computing SA," a weekly

newspaper serving the data processing profession. Runner-up was Mark Davison,

editor of the rival "Computer Week."

First prize in the features category went to Gail Purvis, editor of "industrial

Management/' a monthly magazine, Runner-up was Jennigay Coerzer, a freelance,

whose writing has appeared in many publications, including "Business Day."

The package of prizes is the richest in SA journalism. The winners each

received a trophy and a cheque for R1,000 from the awards' principle sponsor,

IMS International, plus an overseas trip, which will include a visit to the

Hannover Fair, in which most major computer companies participate, and a

tour of the factories and research centres in Europe and the US of 12 cosponsoring companies: Amdahl, Control Data, GBS, Hewlett-Packard, ICM, ICL,

Nixdorf, Olivetti, Persetel, Psion, Siemens and Sperry. Runners-up each

received a cheque for R250.

The winners were presented with their awards by Professor Gerrit Wiechers,

immediate past president of the Computer Society of South Africa (CSSA),

at a ceremony at a Johannesburg hotel on Tuesday evening.

The ceremony was preceded by a special meeting of the judges to decide the

winner of the features category after the computer analysis of individual

markings produced a dead heat.

The intention of the sponsors is to foster the standard of reporting on computer-related matters and, according to the judges, the standard this year

was extremely high. Tom Bouwer, a past president of the CSSA and a judge

in the competition for two years, said there had been a distinct improvement in the level of entries since last year.

The other judges were Professor Judy Bishop, head of computer science at

Wits, Curt von Keyserlingk, editor of "Finansies en Tegnies," Dr Paul Vorster,

senior lecturer in communications at PAU, and Matthew White, Technology

Editor of "Business Day."

120
The annual competition is organised jointly by IMS International and the SA

Guild of Computer Writers, a body formed two years ago with the purpose of

making it easier for writers to keep abreast of the fast-moving and complex

computer industry.

The guild holds monthly breakfast meetings where leading industry figures,

both South African and overseas, address members on topics which have ranged

from robots and expert systems to the size of the SA electronics industry

and who holds what share of the local computer market.

Membership is open to journalists, public relations officers and individual

members of computer companies. Further information is available from Terry

During, of IMS International. Tel: 802-4275.

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SOUTH AFRICA

RAND MINES' PLAN TO RECRUIT URBAN BLACKS FOR GOLD MINES DISCUSSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Nov 85 p 25

[Article by Sheryl Raine]

[Text] «*jjjjbout 465 000 blacks work ori South African gold mines, and 97 pcrfeettt of them are migrant workers from the homelands and neighbouring states. Only 3 percent of miners are legally allowed to live

jwith their families on the mines and those workers must have sec-

;t)on 10 rights. ' ' ?K'Many mining houses have expressed theif aversion in principle

Std'the migrant labour system.

Vf.'The first mine to take part In the Rand Mines scheme is the

JERPM mine near Boksburg. Others in future could include Dutban

l'JÖfe"p near Roodepoort, Blyvooruitzicht at Carletonville and Harmo-

^ät Virginia in the Free State. At first only a few hundred em-

;pjdyees will be hired, but the number could grow to thousands.

i' Jfiii Is not the first time Rand Mines has Implemented such a

.'boilcyi It has been introduced on some of the group's coal mines.

Wits It'worked?

fc'-Mr'Knobbs: In the Witbank area there are a large number of

'bläfck&.with section 10 rights who work on surface mines in the area.

'jThd policy of employing local blacks has been successful on surface

grol|ieg^but it is not as successful when it comes to underground ,

rniitUnip This is a difficulty we are going to face in enticing urban

jjblacks to work underground.

P

vWe tiave not had too much success on coal mines where mining

operations are not as severe, so i( does not point to a high success

ratio on gold mines. ;'' >' " "/''' ' I J

The difference in the new sehen» Is that we are paying additional

money to men who live out (RllÖ ä rnö"nth in addition to salary). .'

Another incentive for urban blacks to work on gold mines which

Rand Mines Is considering Is a housing scheme. How far has the

company got In investigating the scheme? M* " ?

' We have got some way down the track in investigating this. We

already have some housing assistance in Natal. Assistance is given

to certain people to build homes In.nearby townships. We need to

have a look at that scheme and see if It is as facilitating as we

, thought it would be in the past. R is not an easy area. We would

have to consider the options of a Straight loan, collateral for a

> building society loan or providing site and services.

Is the company planning to replace the migrant worker by Intro-

.; ducing this scheme for urban blacks?

f

; The replacement^ of the migrant worker \i highly uiiiikeiy] We'l

I would be foolish to suspect that we could get a large proportion 6f,j

f our underground labour force from local Urban townships. . ,' '' ' • '*

There is an aversion to working underground by urban blocks: We1;

have many mine* (»lose ,to: urban areas, arid Hot) onlyvon the )Vit^

122
wätersrand. fJöne häv6 been successfulliTriiEFIiiQiig labour'loriail^1

. derground Work. We are attempting now to break through, to] getj

i the job accepted as a means of earning1 a.'living and Ma Start.'< n äj

long-term career path. .•'HVi'*"'^'' V

1

' 't*< v'v'"' ',ii)fl

What jobs will be available for urban blacks at the fjrst mim $m

take part In the new scheme,EttPM hear Boksburg? '•:§ '•' ',tf r.mj

There are a host of jobs in different eätegOrleS,' We Wbiild »fit ftr:

employees to start at the bottom} tbbrirtg,them In iaJb.thfeMWest |

category doing the most meijiäliwprkirid pllbw tHöseYßeo^le \

through their ability and exp^rlenceiM^öAiiJhfems^V^jtp the

promotional ladder. r< ■■mwWmW&WM*** r

That would be ideal, but there is an aversion to working underground in a

difficult environment doing a physically onerous job at the rates of pay

might not be enough to attract those people into the lower job categories

where the largest number of jobs exist. There are not as many positions in

the higher job categories, but these would be open to urban work seekers.

Won't this deprive workers who come in at the bottom of promotion prospects?

The lack of movement from one level to another is a real problem in the industry but it must be based on merit and experience. [Word indistinct] is

going to be a case of the best man for the job. We have a number of

criteria which we use to establish selection for training and promotion and

those criteria would be applied. We would not limit anyone.

Will the current unemployment crisis benefit Rand Mines in launching this

scheme at this time?

It should be to our advantage, but it will be some time before we will be

looking for really large numbers of employees. Initially we will take in

new employees in the course of the usual staff turnover at ERPM. Only when

the Far East Vertical section of the mine is commissioned will between 5 000

and 7 000 new jobs become available. It will be about two-and-a-half years

before that happens and by then the employment situation may be different.

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SOUTH AFRICA

ACCURACY OF AMPS FIGURES QUESTIONED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p 4

[Article by Cherilyn Ireton]

[Text] MARKED changes in readership

trends of the country's major publications have raised questions about

the accuracy of the offical AMPS

(All Media Purpose Survey) figures.

The Argus group is so unhappy with

the latest readers-per-copy figures compiled by the South African Advertising

Research Foundation (Saarf) it is considering withdrawing from AMPS.

According to Argus MD Peter

McLean, preliminary readership figures

of both black and white magazines are

up substantially. With newspapers, however, white readership of certain

established publications is down

dramatically.

McLean says he can see no logical

reason for this, particularly in cases

where the publications have shown increased circulation.

He gave notice of the group's dissatisfaction at a meeting with the Newspaper

Press Union (NPU) last week. But the

group will take no action until after its

second meeting with the NPU next

week.

"We want to talk first," says McLean.

AMPS recently changed the questionnaire from which readership figures are

established. As a result, white readership is down 20%, giving, according to.

the Argus group, a more realistic assessment of the number of readers per copy.

However, McLean says the move

appears to have had the reverse affect

on black readership statistics.

"The figures are somewhat puzzling

with black readers," admitted Saarf MD

Gert Yssel. "We can't explain the

changes and must assume supplementary factors like the political situation

have had an influence.

"We have no doubts about the correctness of the methods used to collect the

information. The changes must be

ascribed to either a change in situation

or a change in reading habits."

Saarf, with the NPU, was continually

looking for improved methods for establishing and adjusting readership figures.

"But at the moment the figures are

reliable," says Yssel. "They reflect what

people have told us, and we have no

reason to believe they are any less reliable than in the past."

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124
SOUTH AFRICA

UK HAILS PRETORIA'S RESPONSE TO MISSION

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p 4

[Article by John Battersby]

[Text] ^LONDON - Britain has welcomed Pretoria's green

licht for the special Commonwealth mission to bA.

i Responding to a statement by Foreign Minister Pik

Botha signalling co-operation with the Comrnon-

} wealth initiativ?, a Foreign Office spokesman said

^yesterday: "The British government welcomes the

i willingness of the SA government to consider ways

f and means of assisting this group in its work. .

i "The co-operation of the SA government will be

; Important to the success of this initiative. ^

f Britain was quick to respond to Botha's concern

i about not conceding the right of foreign Interference

' bv signalling co-operation with the mission. !r4fie Commonwealth accord made it clear that the

terms of any political settlement in SA are for South,

^Africans to decide," the spokesman said. '

; The Commonwealth mission is seen as the d alogue,

{component of the accord, which also imposed limited

economic sanctions on SA, made specific political:

^demands and threatened tougher sanctions within six

i months If adequate progress was not made.

' The accord's demands include the release of Nelson

i Mandela, the lifting of the ban on the ANC and the,

i renouncing of apartheidi >:.-J; •■■• v: ,

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125
SOUTH AFRICA

CISKEI'S VENTURE INTO FREE ENTERPRISE EXAMINED

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p 8

[Article by Ken Owen]

[Text] T

IHE PURPOSE of the law is to

create criminals in order to

keep the courts busy and the

_ jails full, but too much law

creates an oversupply of criminals.

This is Owen's First Law of Social

Dynamics and it is a hard lesson to

drive into bureaucratic heads. But we'

are making progress.

South Africa's best source of criminals has in the past been the laws

forbidding people to come to town. It

is important to note that the laws did

not prevent people from coming, they

merely created criminals — enabling

us to convict and imprison 200 000 or

300 000 every year.

The system served to keep the prison warders and the law clerks off the

streets and, if one recalls Crossroads,

1

it kept policemen busy pulling away

the plastic sheets under which old

ladies sheltered from the rain.

B„Jut in the coming 25 years, as the

Director-General of Constitutions, Dr

A H van Wyk, points out, no fewer

than 16-million black people will

come to town. It's obvious that we

simply can't afford such a huge oversupply of criminals.

The influx control laws will have to

BOThis will bring in train a number of

unfamiliar problems. Criminals don't

need houses, but people who come to

town lawfully are entitled to expect a

place to stay, and Van Wyk has admitted that the State cannot provide

homes for them.

' Of course not. Owen's Second Law

of Social Dynamics holds that the purpose of government monopolies is to

create shortages. Government's

monopoly on housing for blacks has

been a huge success, creating a shortage, according to Van Wyk, of 200 000

urban houses and 25 000 in the Bustustans

With the abolition of influx control,'

government no longer needs these

shortages so it has adopted an enlightened new policy of "trying to create a

climate in which black people will

provide houses for themselves, with

the help of the private sector".

To this end it hopes to establish a

framework of regional and local

government which

will be — and this

is the nub of it —

"politically acceptable to the

communities it

serves".

It plans also to

make more land

available, to permit local authorities to opt for lowcost development

and to let the market make some of the choices, and so

forth. t t.

These good intentions are for the

time being frustrated by a determination to "rationalise planning norms".

Owen's Third Law holds that the purpose of government planning and

rationalisation is to delay sensible action.

Nevertheless, the people who

planned the tricameral constitution

126
ihat doesn't work, and launched the

local government system that doesn t

work, and which is planning the regional council system that wont

work, is gradually coming around to

the idea that if you want things to

work you should start by repealing

legislation and abolishing regulations.

Consider a small but startling item

of news from the nether end of the

country: factory workers are now being transported to factories at Dimbaza, the notorious Ciskei dumping

ground that became the subject of a

searing book by Father Cosmos Des-'

mond titled "Last Grave at Dim-i

baza".

Dimbaza is the last place on earth

to expect a shortage of labour, until

one learns that there are more than

140 factories there, that the place is

swarming with Taiwanese entrepreneurs and that new factories are going

up at the rate of about one a week.

What has brought them there is not

simply government's decentralisation scheme (which applies to other

Bantustans and seems to produce almost as many scandals as factories)

but Ciskei's astonishing experiment in

free enterprise.

J„ ust over a year ago, all Ciskei businesses employing fewer than 20 peo

pie were exempted from restrictive

legislation. Unlike Pretoria, the Cis-i

kei government lacked the bureaucratic resourcefulness to "plan and

co-ordinate" or to "rationalise

norms". So it simply scrapped 200 or

300 laws insofar as they applied to

small businesses.

"We will set our people free, said,

President Lennox Sebe. "Free to develop and increase their own wealth.

Given Ciskei's record on civil liberties, it was not surprising that these

noble comments were scornfully dismissed. But he went ahead. ,

It is really too early to judge the

outcome, but some of the information;

which is now emerging from Ciskei

suggests that, at the least, liberal academics should start to monitor the

results of a unique venture into the

free market.

Taxis, for example, were freed of

the restrictions that compel the police

in the rest of SA to catch and prosecute so-called "pirates". Instead, any

person who could produce a roadworthy certificate, a driver's licence,

a third-party disc and RIO could go

into business as a taxi operator.

In April 1983, Ciskei licensed 30 taxis a month; in the six months to March

this year, it licensed 100 a month. '

Fares have come down as a result

of the competition, and the service

has improved immeasurably. The

people of Ciskei no longer sit in long-

, suffering groups at the roadside waiting for a bu3 to arrive according to a

schedule set by some faraway bureaucrat. The taxi comes to their^

door. , , . '

Just a year ago, Ciskei also reduced

personal income tax to a flat 15% and

exempted all taxpayers earning less

than R8 000 a year.

Companies receiving decentrahsa-

, tion subsidies could apply instead for

tax-free status; companies whose tax

exceeded their subsidies would auto- 1 matically get tax-free status. They

could freely remit profits out of Ciskei, subject only to a 15% withholding

tax

The early indications, I am told, is

that the tax-cuts have stimulated

enough business to offset the loss of

revenue.

u, unemployment seems to have de-

' clined, except in Mdantsane, which is

the dormitory for economically-deEressed East London, and the place

as a bustle which prompted one

over-enthusiastic official to exclaim:,

"It reminds me of the early days of

Taiwan." ...... I doubt that, although it is just possible that Bisho might provide some

lessons for Pretoria as it fumbles towards free markets.

Unhappily, that would run up

against Owen's Fourth Law: nobody

learns from another's experience.

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127
SOUTH AFRICA

MINISTER BEHIND MULTI-MILLION PROPERTY DRIVE

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 29 Nov-5 Dec 85 p 2

[Article by Wilmar Utting] ,

[Text]

DANIE STEYN, Minister of Mineral and

Energy Affairs, has emerged as a central figure

in a major property development drive west

and north of Pretoria, with a target of

residential and industrial investments of more

than R6 000-million.

"Yes, we are talking about a lot of noughts, a

lot of money here," said Mr Steyn, who is also

MP for the area, Wonderboom.

Wonderboom includes the Transvaal's

mushrooming new municipality, Akazia,' now

just one year old, which in turn includes

Rosslyn, the fastest developing industrial

district in South Africa.

Steyn was approached about his personal

involvement in property development in

Akazia through a company formed in

Octoberl983, a year before Akazia was

declared a local authority in October last year. ,

Steyn was a founding director of

Wonderboom Onwikkelings, reg-istered to

buy, develop and sell property. Documents

lodged with the Registrar of Companies name

his co-directors as Frank van der Tas, mayor of

Akazia and chairman of the Rosslyn Industrial

Council; Rudolf Gouws, present chairman of

the Transvaal's Peri Urban Board;

Johannesburg businessman Ian McPherson of

• Johannesburg Consolidated Investments;

Zagrys Smit, a member of the Peri Urban

board; Pretoria businessman Emest Heunis

(brother-in-law of Mr Steyn) and Johann \

Morsner, managing director of Vista Domus,

an estate agency operating widely in Akazia.

Also named, as town planners, were Johannes

Schoeman and Jacobus Buitendag, both of

Boksburg.

Main shareholders were named as Heunis,

with 800 shares and Steyn with 500.

According to Morsner, managing director,

the company originally intended to develop •

residential properties to the west of Akaziä on

the farm Hartbeeshock which was marked for

residential rezoning.

"But that deal fell through and we later

bought two 8,5-ha portions in Witfontein,

adjacent to the industrial area of Klerksoord,

where stands bought for R4 000 are now selling

for more than R300 000."

He had formed the company "with a few

friends", he said, to encourage development.

"But there are always hassles and things move

slowly," he said.

"The directors," he said, "went in and out."

He had invited Ian McPherson of JCI to take up

: a directorship and shares "to bring him into the

. scheme and help coordinate it." All the

directors were personal friends, he said.

'.' The company's returns to the Registrar of

: Companies do not record any resignations.

i • But Rudolf Gouws, Danie Steyn and van der

' Tas said this week they were not dii ectors.

' "I resigned after a couple of months," said

Gouws. "I didn't like it. I wanted nothing to do

-with it, that company or any other property

development company."

The company's register of shareholders at the

offices of its auditors Minnaar, Volschenk en

Vennate of Pieter Neethling Gebou, Sentraal

Street, Pretoria, show that Steyn's shares were

transferred to his brother-in-law Heunis on

March 20, 1984. Van der Tas's shares were

transferred to Morsner on October 26, 1984,

shortly after he was nominated mayor by the

Administrator of the Transvaal.

Van der Tas said, however, he had no

recollection of whether he had been a director

or a shareholder, he was a director of 19

companies, and "sometimes people like to

mention important names in business

conversations. We all do this, it is a common

human failing," he said.

128
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Steyn said he had never been a director of the

company. r

"I was asked to be a director, but I was never

appointed. If I was appointed I know nothing

about it and I would have resigned anyway

when I became Minister of Mineral and Energy

in October 1983.

"If the records say I am a director, they areincorrect and they- must be changed. I

transferred my shares and resigned all my

directorships. I have made my money, is there

any objection to a minister making money?

Even if I had been a director, why shouldn't I

have been?"

He would continue to assist the company as he

did all developers in the area.

"I have succeeded in getting permission from

the Administrator General to allow the

agricultural land right up north as far as

Hammanskraal to be subdivided into smaller

plots for later development. And Akazia is

already about to expand to the west. I see

Akazia as the local authority over all the land to

the west as far as De Wildt and eventually to the

north to Hammanskraal," he said.

Van der Tas confirmed the town would

shortly expand westwards by including 28-sq

km of residential land, increasing Akazia's

extent, in one year, from 48-sq km to 76-sq

km. The eventual area could be 200-sq km, he

said.

129
SOUTH AFRICA

DURBAN BASE FOR EASTERN NAVY COMMAND

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Dec 85 p 18

[Text]

DURBAN. — Durban

will be the headquarters of the Eastern Naval Command, which

will come into being

when the command

structure of the South

African Navy is rationalised early next year,

a naval spokesman said

yesterday.

In terms of the re-organisation, the navy's six

functional and area commands will be reduced to

two, the Eastern Naval

Command and the Western Naval Command with

headquarters in Simonstown.

The seaward dividing

line between the two

I areas will be on a longitude just east of Knysna.

The spokesman said

among the units which

would fall under the Eastern Naval Command

were the Strike Flotilla,

which formerly fell under

Naval Operations Command in Silverminc, SAS

Jalsena, a training command unit formerly based

at Muizenberg — the Naval Dockyard, which formerly fell under the Naval

Logistics Command in

Simonstown — and the

former area command,

Durban.

Rear-Admiral C H

Bennet (48) who will be

O/C Western Command,

is a former Natalian. He

joined the navy in 1956,

and has served as the na- • val attache in London.

The name of the officer

commanding Eastern

Command has not yet

been announced. —Sapa.

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130
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

TECHNIKON STRUCTURE COMPLETED--The structure of the giant R3^j,5m Technikon

Witwatersrand academic building for engineering schools at the new campus

site in Doornfontein has been completed. Main contractor Grinaker Building

used about 3m bricks and more than 35,000m3of concrete in the reinforced frame

and floor slabs. Total floor area of the block is 85,OOOm . Facilities will

cater for 3,000 students in a variety of engineering disciplines, as well

as the schools of chemistry, mining and metallurgy. The building is scheduled

to be handed over by next June. /Text/ /Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English

27 Nov 85 p lg/ /12851

CAPE TOWN'S FOREIGN L0ANS--Cape Town had accumulated foreign loans totaling

R50m for which no cover had been taken out, a city Treasury spokesman confirmed yesterday. These were negotiated with Swiss banking institutions

at a time when the rand rate against the Swiss franc was k,38. It currently

stands at a rate of 8,8l, meaning Cape Town faces a potential foreign exchange

loss of more than R20m should those borrowings be called in now. City administrators admit they are worried about the potential losses. The Treasury

spokesman said, however, that first payments of R5m were only due in 1987.

It was hoped the rand exchange rate would have firmed by then. The capital

was raised to finance the building of economic housing, but had not yet been

used, the spokesman said. The money was earning interest and the picture

was not that gloomy, he added. /Text/ /Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 28 Nov 85 p 3/ /1285I

NEW SBDC SCHEME—The Small Business Development Corporation (SBDC) launched

its Hive of Industries in Port Elizabeth yesterday. "The creativity and drive

of small entrepreneurs has found a channel in the Hive of Industries that

allows them scope for growth, through access to finance, premises and training, while running their own businesses," SBDC MD Ben Vosloo said. Unused

factory space will provide workshop premises for small manufacturers who use

SBDC finance to hire tools and buy raw material to go into business. /Text/

/Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 28 Nov 85 p 3/ /1285I

EASTERN CAPE INFLATION--Inflation in the Eastern Cape is lagging behind the

rest of the country, figures released by the Central Statistical Services

show. The Consumer Price Index for October 1985 shows that SA's smallest

rise in consumer prices since September occurred in Port Elizabeth, which

showed a 0,8$ rise to an index of 191,9- This index also represents the

131
country's smallest rise (12.7$) for the year October 1984 to October 1985.

The country's lowest index of Idh.h is in East London, showing that the

region has experienced the smallest increase in prices since the base year

of 198O. The greatest increase for the past year was a 18.4$ rise to an index

of 200,2 recorded in Maritzburg, while the highest for the month was Bloemfontein, with a 2,4$ increase to 189,1*. The highest index of 203,3 is held

by the OPS Gold Fields. The Consumer Price Index for all income groups shows

an increase of 16,8$ from October last year -- the highest increase since 1920.

/Text/ /Johannesburg BUSINESS MY in English 28 Nov 85 p 5/ /1285I

PLAN TO COUNTER BOYCOTT--The Afrikaanse Sakekamer in Pretoria has suggested

to the retail sector ways to oppose a month-long boycott of white shops in

the city, expected to begin next week. The chairman of the local Sakekamer,

JoT. Mulder, said in the letter that a black consumer boycott was expected

in the Pretoria area from December 1. A boycott of white shops until January

2 next year was called by the United Democratic Front at a Press conference

in the city on Wednesday. "Because a successful action of this nature would

have an exceptionally detrimental effect, especially on retailers, your

Sakekamer is requested to inform your members of this (boycott)," Mulder said.

Mulder said members should give black employees sufficient opportunity to

buy goods before the boycott began, and that purchases should be camouflaged.

"Indicate to your black personnel that a boycott of this nature can lead to

greater unemployment and accompanying disadvantages," Mulder said. He said

employers should tell their black personnel to move around in groups "to

facilitate action against intimidators." He added that employees should also

be encouraged to give information to their employers concerning the boycott.

£Text/ /Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 29 Nov 85 p KJ /12851

NEW JOB OPPORTUNITIES--Applications approved by the Decentralisation Board

in the year to end-March increased by 2,2 percent over the previous year

to reach 1,216. Total investment was Rl,2billion and the promise of 77,1486

opportunities of employment, 7^ percent of which will be for blacks. There

were hk applications from foreign industrialists, with Taiwan heading the

list with lk, followed by Israel with 10. Then came Hong Kong (7), Italy

and West Germany (k), Belgium (2) and France, Australia, Switzerland and the

UK (1). Total investment for the foreign companies was R80,2million and

9,322 employment opportunities. On the basis of expected employment opportunities to be created, Region E (Maritzburg), with 30,908 occupied the top

position. East London in Region D was the most popular industrial development point with loh approved applications, followed by Atlantis (90) in

Region A. About 80 percent of applications showed an expected development

of less than Rl million while the proposed investment per employment opportunity decreased from Rl8,800 in I982/83 to R15,200 in the year under review.

The annual report says this indicates that the smaller labour intensive undertakings are availing themselves of the incentive scheme to an increasing extent.

/Text/ /Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Nov 85 p 19/ /12851

WEEKLY JOB L0SSES--More than 1,000 jobs have been axed every week this year.

And labour experts fear a steady stream of retrenchments will continue, even

increase, next year and the years ahead. Industrial relations consultant Mr

Andrew Levy estimated that during 1984 about 800 jobs were lost on average

132
each week due to retrenchment landslide developed into an avalanche when

between 1,500 and 1,800 jobs were being lost a week. "From the middle of

the year it began to slacken off a little but I suspect there will be more

jobs lost in the first quarter of next year depending on political confidence

and the rate at which the Government will stimulate the economy/' said Mr

Levy. Speaking at an Institute of Personnel Management seminar in Johannesburg yesterday, Professor Attie de Vries, director of the Bureau.for Economic

Research of the University of Stellenbosch, painted a desperate picture of

the current state of the economy, its impact on employment and the harsh

realities of unemployment in the future. He said: "Unemployment will increase

even if there is an upturn next year and in years to come because of the

capital intensive pattern of development in South Africa over the last 20

years. We have painted ourselves into a corner, "it is imperative to find a

strategy to deal with a new economic structure, including vibrant small

business and informal sectors." /Text/ /Johannesburg THE STAR in English

28 Hov 85 p 1/ /12851

COSTS OF UNREST—Widespread civil disruption in 1985 has cost Fräsers a conservative R1.5-million in pre-tax profit, and petro-price increases have added

another Rl-million. Fräsers declared a total dividend of 15c a share for

the year to September 1985. [Text] [Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES {Business)

in English 24 Nov 85 p 6] /8309

CAPE TOWNSHIP PLAN—The Cape Divisional Council is expected to give the goahead tomorrow to plans for a R65m retail and residential complex in the

coloured township of Mitchells Plain. Application for the privately-developed

scheme known as Westgate has been more than 13 months in the pipeline, progress

having been delayed by the Cape Town City Council's failure to approve

proposals. The body objects to the siting of the complex, claiming it will

draw people away from the Mitchell's Plain town centre. However, the Divisional

Council's Works Committee agreed last week with an independent market survey

on the need for a shopping centre on the periphery of the area. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 p 3] /8309

EXPORT BAN FEARED—Government's decision to introduce control measures to

monitor the export of certain capital equipment has raised industry fears

that a total ban might be introduced on this lucrative cash source. The

procedure has been designed by the Department of Trade and Industry to monitor

the export of construction equipment and aircraft by hard-pressed local industry.

This asset drain on SA is reckoned at over R200m. Exchange-rate advantages on^

exports and under-utilisation of equipment have forced many cash-hungry companies

into the export market, and estimates of the value of heavy construction plant

that left the country in the first nine months of this year put it at more

than R130m. Another fear is that the asset drain could cause a delay in the

economic upturn, as industry may not be able to afford replacements for lost

equipment at current exchange rates. Replacement costs could be as high as

six times the present value of equipment, according to some estimates. [Text]

[Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 25 Nov 85 p 1] /8309

IMPROVAIR-JAPANESE DEAL—IMPROVAIR has concluded an agreement with Hochiki of

Japan to design, supply and install its range of fire-detection and security

equipment in South Africa. The Spartan-based Murray & Roberts Company specialises

in fire-detection, air-conditioning and security-access systems. [Text]

[Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES (Business) in English 24 Nov 85 p 3] /8309

133
CISKEI LAW PASSED—The Ciskeian National Assembly has passed a law indemnifying the homeland against claims for damage to property caused during the

prevention of Internal disorder. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 28 Nov 85 p 5] /927A

COLOREDS IN HOUSING DILEMMA-The Government plan to investigate the establishment of a coloured township in Midrand has forced coloured people to weieh a

massive housing backlog against their abhorrence of the Group Leas Act.

We don t like the Group Areas Act, but the practical reality is that

mtr^rS l±ve «meirhere.» said Mr Don Mateman, House of Representatives

MP for Eldorado Park. Describing the coloured housing position as pathetic,

-Y?nnn £

h

f

n

?uSbUr8^

ty C

°

UnCl1 estlmated the backlog at between 4,000

and 6,000. "But the real figure is nearer 12,000 because those out of

work cannot apply. Some people have been on the waiting list since 1976

But I do not believe sub-economic housing is the answer. Living in uniform

pondokkies is demoralising and, if the project goes ahead, they should build

only economic houses--I am talking about the kind of people who can afford

rentals of R100 to R150." Westbury Residents' Action Committee member Mrs

ü?«k» said: We are not anxious to live in white areas where lifestyles

are different, nor do we want to be settled far from our places of work

paying high transport costs on low salaries." [Excerpt] [By Shirley Woodgate] [Johannesburg THE STAR in English 19 Nov 85 p 4] /9274

WITS IMIVERSITY APPLICATIONS TlurRPAQ-tr A -I • a--

i* in 1986 have riSe„T?8 rc1S f£E tlrltt—ll 2? '"

this year. Until now, 9 867 hnnnfni «„i ./ iirst-year applications

at Wits next year. At ffie^LT^tÄS SÄ1 V**

tion in blLk elation! FacStIefw^h,gain ac

+

C?ptance beca^ of disrupapplications are the arts S P I6P ? exceptionally high number of

commerce which has had i 7n8 ^ ' t f°

Ple haVing applied so ^> and

been a secant ScreaIfiTSS^S ^ÄsV^ *?" haS ^

to the faculties of education, law n" scienc^ Se fac^v? ^ ^f81«*

and dentistry closed their hooks for new aSion^ on ,n! °f medicine

of 1,97^ and 197 respectively. The clolinfdaS «+ ?L \l X

th figUr£S

faculties was August 31, althougih some of these fa^ties"^ 1 °^±tB

er late applications /TW+7 n«v,n t vacuities will still considp87 /12851 L

y ^

J

°

hannesbur§BIE STAR in English 15 Nov 85

CS0: 3^00/53)4

134
TANZANIA

BRIEFS

MILITARY DELEGATION TO GDR—A Tanzanian military delegation led by Brigadiergeneral Abdallah Natepe, the political commissar of the Tanzanian People's

Defence Forces and a member of the national executive committee of the

ruling Chama Cha Mapinduzi party, has visited East Germany, where it had

a meeting with deputy defence minister Heinz Kessler on October 2. [Text]

[Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 12 Oct 85 p 8] /9317

LOCOMOTIVES PROVIDED BY EEC—The Tanzanian Railway Corporation (TRC) took

delivery on October 3 of five locomoties provided by the European Economic

Community for use on the central line linking Dar es Salaam, Tabora and

Kigoma. A TRC official said the engines would enable 22,000 extra tonnes

of freight to be transported annually, boosting goods traffic to and from

Zaire, Burundi, Rwanda and Burundi along Tanzania's central corridor. This

year an estimated 400,000 tonnes of freight will be conveyed by means of

this route. [Text] [Paris THE INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 12 Oct 85

p 8] /9317

ENTRY OF SOMALIS PROHIBITED—Tanzania has forbidden entry to holders of

Somali passports, according to a communique published this week by the

opposition Somali National Movement. The SNM said Dar es Salaam took the

decision because the Somali embassy in the Tanzanian capital had reportedly

been spying for the South African government on the activities of the local

bureaux of the African National Congress and the South-West Africa People's

Organisation. The embassy itself closed nearly a year ago, for what

Mogadisu said at the time was an economy measure. [Text] [Paris THE

INDIAN OCEAN NEWSLETTER in English 5 Oct 85 p 3] /9317

CSO: 3400/508

135
KAUNDA FACES ORDEAL OVER MANDRAX TRAFFICKING CASE

ZAMBIA

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 27 Nov 85 p 1]

[Article by Gerald L'Ange]

[Text]

President Kenneth Kaunda will soon

have to make some possibly painful

decisions about several prominent

Zambians, including his own first-born

son.

They are decisions he might not

have had to take were it not for the ;

habit many South Africans now have;

of getting high on Mandrax pills.

The decisions are important ones,

for they could affect Dr Kaunda's own

position at the head of the Zambian ,

government.

Ostensibly he will take the decisions

on the basis of the report of a special

tribunal he appointed to review the

cases of more than 20 Zambians de- !

tained without trial in connection with

allegations of illegal activities mainly

, associated with Mandrax trafficking.

Some of the tribunal's hearings

were held in camera, reportedly on

President Kaunda's instructions, after

witnesses had implicated his son,

Panji, and a leading official of the ruling United National Independence

Party, Reuben Kamanga, in helping

import stolen vehicles and Mandrax

trafficking.

f . Unlike others accused of involvement in the Mandrax scandal, neither",

Panji nor Kamanga were detained..

Nor was Tom Mtine, chairman of j

Lonrho in Zambia, who was also'

: claimed to be involved in the drug

racket.

The president's explanation was

that he could not detain the three on

•' the basis of hearsay evidence.

But lawyers for some of the detainees protested that this was the very

t

'~basis on which their clients had been

! detained.

According to Mtine's accuser, the

Lonrho chairman accompanied President Kaunda to President Indira

Ghandi's funeral last year and

brought back quantities of Mandrax

from India, where the pills, worth

about RIO each in South Africa, can

be bought for a few cents.

Mtine denied even having been to

India for the funeral and no Zambian

newspaper seems to have been able to

check whether he was among the

large official contingent on Kaunda's

plane.

Panji and Kamanga have also denied the allegations against them. Kamanga's wife, Edwina, who fainted in

the witness box when accused of selling a mini-bus stolen in South Africa,

has also protested her innocence.

So also have the detainees, who include such prominent personalities as

Vernon Mwaanga, former foreign

minister, ambassador to the United

Nations, member of the Unip central

committee and editor of a major

Zambian newspaper.

Also among the detainees is another former member of the Unip

central committee, Sikota Wina, one

of Zambia's most prominent politicians.

Wina, known as "the Unip cowboy"

; when he was a leader of the fight for

Independence in Northern Rhodesia,,

came under investigation when he

flew back from India with a false

passport and under the assumed

name of Hussein. It turned out that he

136
/9274

CSO: 3400/587

had had to leave his own passport

with the Indian authorities, who had

seized it after he was detained on suspicion of Mandrax trafficking.

Among the 28 persons detained are

several prominent businessmen and

the assistant controller of customs,

Mulenga Moore, at whpse home the

police allegedly found five suitcases

filled with pills suspected to be Mandrax.

The pills mysteriously disappeared

from the laboratory where they had

been taken for analysis.

President Kaunda was forced to

take drastic action against the Mandrax corruption when the proliferation of luxury Mercedes Benz and

BMW cars in poverty-stricken Zambia became a visible scandal. The

cars, many stolen in South Africa,

u were allegedly exchanged for ManHrav tablets

Hamstrung by Zambia's inadequate

anti-smuggling laws, the president ordered the detentions under an internal

security law intended to prevent

coups.

Some Zambians believe he was motivated initially by fears that his

party's control might be successfully

challenged by individuals who had

amassed wealth through the Mandrax

rscKßt.

But his standing has been damaged

by the allegations that he has failed to

be even-handed in ordering the detentions.

Although he has not been personally implicated in the scandals, and ap-

' pears to have gone to great lengths to

stamp out the traffic, his own reputation will to some extent be on the line

when he decides what to do about the

recommendations of the tribunal,

which ended its hearings last week.

137
ZAMBIA

FINLAND APPROVES FUNDS FOR POWER PROJECT

Helsinki HUFVUDSTADSBLADET in Swedish 17 Oct 85 p 9

[Text] [Suomen Tietotoimisto] The Foreign Ministry on Wednesday [16 October]

granted a little over 5.5 million markkas from cooperative development project'

r^/nL3 P7f

r distribution Project in Zambia. For the same purpose, a sum

of 430,000 markkas is being reserved from next year's appropriations, and in

1987 an additional 500,000 markkas is being earmarked.

Construction of a power distribution network has been selected as one of the

main projects within the program of cooperative development between Finland and

Zambia.

In addition, the Foreign Ministry appropriated 1.2 million markkas for the

Transportation and Data Communications Commission for southern Africa. This

involves the Finnish share of financing the joint Nordic expertise assistance.

A total of 5.6 million markkas has been earmarked for this purpose over the next

2 years. The expertise assistance is included in a project having the goal

of aiding the front-line states, that is, the so-called SADCC states, so that

they can achieve greater independence in relationship to South Africa.

/8309

CSO: 3650/35

138
ZIMBABWE

BRITAIN TO OVERTAKE SOUTH AFRICA AS NATION'S TRADE PARTNER

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 6 Dec 85 p 27

[Text] HARARE. — Britain

seems set to overtake

South Africa as Zimbabwe's lägest single export market by the end of

the year.

The latest provisional

trade figures show that

exports to the UK for the

first six months of the

year totalled ZD101,7-

million while those to

South Africa were ZD92-

: million.

In the import field,

however, the weak rand

predictably resulted in a

jump in imports from

South Africa to ZD125-

million from about

ZD115-million fot the

same period , last year,

while imports from Britain fell by about ZD20-

million to ZD56-million.

Other available statistics show that Zimbabwe's exports to Britain in the 10 months to

October this year totalled

ZD192,7-milIion or 32,5

percent more than in the

same period last year. Imports totalled ZD159-million or 14,5 percent up on

the first 10 months of. last

year.

No similar statistics are

yet available for trade

with South Africa but it is

believed that if the trend

observed so far continues

to the end of the year,

Britain will emerge as

Zimbabwe's major export

market, while providing a

greater share of its imports. — Sapa.

/9274

CSO: 3400/589

139
PAPERS PRAISE REPORT ON CORRUPTION

ZIMBABWE

Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 27 Nov 85 p 6

[Text]

HARARE — Stories of corruption,

fraud and dishonesty among public officials have been legion in the first five

years of Zimbabwe's independence.

But even before then, in the closing, con-t

fusing days of the guerilla war, the proud record which the Rhodesian civil service had

built up as an honest, largely incorruptible

body of men and women was showing signs of

tarnish.

I With the advent of

the new government,

the outflow of thousands of experienced

white employees and

: the rapid promotion of

thousands more civil

servants, new to the

job, and the complexi1 ties of. government finance, scandals became virtually commonplace.

But to Zimbabwe's

credit, whenever these

have surfaced they have

been done in the full

glare of publicity. The

newspapers in particular have played a

prominent part in exposing and condemn- >

ing instances of dishonesty.

Bribes

This month, for example, the latest report of the AuditorGeneral, Mr John

j j Hilligan, with its accuj satiort of an increasing

I incidence of dishonesty in the civil service,

< was splashed across

the front page of the

', 1 main daily, The Her-

\ald.

1

' Plenty of space was

i devoted to the detailed

i allegations contained

> in the report and in its

main editorial the following day, The Heri aid called on the public

. not to hesitate to report malpractices, par-

: ; ticularly when they

I concerned the giving

and taking of bribes.

Its sister paper, The

Sunday Mail, which

like The Herald bei ;. longs to the newspaper

group which is 40 peri cent owned by the government-appointed

Mass Media Trust,

. went out of its way to

praise the auditor-general.

140
/927A

CSO: 3400/589

It said, "The rigour <

of his scrutiny and fre- :

quently the bluntless :|

of his reports on cases j

of corruption and im- .

proper use of public ,|

: funds has become, for

most of our people,

something of an an-

, nual refreshment and

pride in the open« 1

workings of our sys- .•;

tern."

The paper said the ^

good done to the na- :)

tion by the frankness '

of the report far out-

• weighed the odd indi- ;'

vidual mistake.

, !

Tribute ]

; "Together with the '

I Parliamentary Public ;

! Accounts Committee j

the two bodies contri- i.

; bute tremendously inJj

/ fostering and main- 7}

: taining public confi- .:

' dence in our govern- ,,,

j ment and its adminis-.,.

! trative organs."

The auditor-general

himself paid tribute to

the way the government received his re- ;j

ports and said he was ^

encouraged by the re- i

moval from office of j

the worst "offenders. I

He hoped this trend

would continue.

"The public service

which has trebled in'.;

size since.indepen- \

dence is the responsi- ]

bility of the one remaining white member

of.Mr Mugabe's Cabi- j

net, an independent |

politician, Mr Chris >

Andersen.

Mr Andersen said _,

the reference in the re- i

port to increasing cases

of fraud and theft duringthe year ended

June 1984 had come as

-a surprise to him.

He denied that cases

I of dishonesty in the

'":. civil service were ram-,

[' pant and said his imi pression was that they

were in fact decreasing-Mr Andersen said

the exposure of reported cases and the

severe penalties imposed had acted as a

deterrent, but he

promised that the government would remain

vigilant and do its best

to stamp out dishonesty wherever it occurred.

The minister said

the accounting structure of the government

was under investigation.

%

141
ZIMBABWE

CENSORSHIP RULES WRITTEN INTO LAW

Johannesburg THE SUNDAY STAR in English 24 Nov 85 p 3

[Article by Robin Drew]

[Text]

/9274

CSO: 3400/589

HARARE — Far-reaching

powers of censorship contained

in the State of Emergency regulations in Zimbabwe are to be

made part of the ordinary law

of the country.

A Bill went through all its

stages with hardly any debate

in the House of Assembly this

week to consolidate powers already existing under various

laws and regulations which enable the Government to restrict publication of proceedings in the courts and other

bodies affecting people's rights.

Justice Minister Dr Eddison

Zvobgo said no dramatic

changes were being introduced

but he said Ministers were

being given additional powers

to prevent the disclosure of information.

He gave as an example the

need to ensure secrecy about

anti-dissident measures and

about economic plans to reduce

dependence on South Africa.

Evidence about the purchase

of petroleum and how it was

brought to Zimbabwe should

not be freely available, he said.

The maximum penalty provided is five years in jail and a

fine of R8 000.

The Bill has to go through

the Senate before it becomes

law.

END

142