126034

JPRS-SSA-87-020

10 MARCH 1987

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

19980611 180 8

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JPRS-SSA-87-020

10 MARCH 1987

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

CONTENTS

ANGOLA

Sonangol To Sign Contracts With Cabinda Gulf Oil Companies

(Luanda Domestic Service, 16 Feb 87) 1

Armed Forces Report on Lunda Sul, Other Operations

(Luanda Domestic Service, 11 Feb 87) 2

Briefs

Budget Reflects Declining Oil Revenues 3

Rebels Claim 67 FAPLA Killed 3

56 Government, Cuban Troops Killed 3

Minister Criticizes Fishery Department 3

RSA Accused of Planning Attack 4

BOTSWANA

Briefs

Country Unable To Impose Sanctions 5

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Spanish Cooperation, Declining Influence Noted

(EL PAIS, 3 Jan 87) 6

GUINEA-BISSAU

Briefs

Pakistani Food Aid

- a -
MALAWI

Zimbabwe Support for Opposition Group Noted

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 21 Jan 87) 9

MOZAMBIQUE

Dos Santos Receives Support Pledge From Tanzania

(Maputo Domestic Service, 6 Feb 87) . 10

Official Pledges Support to 'Oppressed' in RSA

(Maputo to Southern Africa, 14 Feb 87) 11

Troops Recapture Towns With Aid of Zimbabwean Army

(Harare Domestic Service, 14 Feb 87) 12

Government Announces Salary Hike of 50 Percent

(Maputo to Southern Africa, 30 Jan 87) 13

Government Raises Taxes, Transport Fares

(Maputo Domestic Service, 31 Jan 87) 14

Commentary Examines Prospects for Salary Increases

(Maputo Domestic Service, 31 Jan 87).. 16

Tariff Increase for Transport, Communications

(Maputo Domestic Service, 31 Jan 87) 18

Provisions for Consumer Protection During Price Hikes

(Maputo Domestic Service. 31 Jan 87) .., 20

Law Establishes Tax for Hospital Admission

(Maputo Domestic Service, 31 Jan 87) 22

Commentary Stresses New Economic Strategy

(Maputo Domestic Service, 2 Feb 87) 23

Price Increases for Fuel, Cement Announced

(Maputo Domestic Service, 3 Feb 87) 24

Machungo Discusses Economic Recovery Plan

(Maputo to Southern Africa, 16 Feb 87) 25

FPLM Conducts Successful Operations in Sofala

(Maputo Domestic Service, 13 Feb 87) 26

Briefs

Malawi Delegation Meets Mozambican Officials 27

15 'Bandits' Killed in Nampula 27

Japan Grant for Food Production 27

MNR Claims 300 Dead 28

Talks With UN Delegation 28

Frelimo Officials to Bulgaria 28

Iranian Revolution Anniversary Greeted 28

- b -
NAMIBIA

National Party Leader Calls for Whites Election

(SAPA, 5 Feb 87) 29

Briefs

Casualties in Oshakati Bomb Blast 30

State School Becomes Multiracial 30

Officers Dead in Skirmish 30

SWAZILAND

Briefs

Woman Allegedly Kidnapped Returned Home 31

UGANDA

Musevini Assesses First Year of Government

(Yoweri Museveni Interview; DAILY NATION, 26 Jan 87) 32

NRM To Emphasize Agricultural Development

(Peter Nsubuga; DAILY NATION, 24 Jan 87) 37

ZAMBIA

Prime Minister Criticizes IMF Policy

(PANA, 16 Feb 87) • 39

Briefs

Transport Aid Sought From EEC 41

Western Funds for Railroad Upgrade 41

Mozambique Refugees Flee Into Chadiza 41

ZIMBABWE

Iran Said Ready To Provide Oil Advisers

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Jan 87) 42

Negotiations Underway Between Romania, IDC for Sheet Glass Project

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Jan 87)....... 43

Information Minister Pledges Support for Mozambique

(PANA, 7 Feb 87) 44

Banana Confirms Intention To Impose Sanctions

(Harare Domestic Service, 13 Feb 87)... 46

African Countries Now Second Largest Market for Nation's Tobacco

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 23 Jan 87) 47

- c -
Pros, Cons of Zanu/Zapu Unity, Ethnic Rivalries Analyzed

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 21 Jan 87).. 49

Project in Lowveld Could Lead to Self-Sufficiency in Wheat, Rice

(THE HERALD, 29 Jan 87) .51

Sugar Industry Transforms Lowveld

(THE HERALD, 29 Jan 87) . 53

Briefs

World Bank Rescues Hwange 54

Coke Shortage To Continue 54

Banana Optimistic on Ending Banditry 55

4 Killed in Plane Accident 55

Trade Minister on Beira Export Potential 55

Unfair Barter Trade Tactics Claimed 55

Canadian Donation for Milling Project 56

Increased Aid From SADCC 56

Botswana Cooperation on Dissident Activities 56

Iran Congratulated on Anniversary 56

SOUTH AFRICA

BLACKS

Tutu Spurns Invitation to Parliament Opening

(SAPA, 30 Jan 87) , 57

Buthelezi Criticizes Botha Attack on Chris Ball

(SAPA, 10 Feb 87) 58

RSA Ambassador Criticizes Ciskei Refugees

(SAPA, 10 Feb 87) 61

Bleak Future Seen for UDF in Wake of Increasing Repression

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 21 Jan 87) 63

Attempt Made on UDF Member's Life After Funeral

(SAPA, 1 Feb 87) 67

Columnist Expresses Hope for Peaceful Solution To Internecine

Violence

(Nat Diseko; POST NATAL, 4-7 Feb 87) 69

SOWETAN Conducts Election Poll of Readers

(SOWETAN, 30 Jan 87) 71

- d -
Funds Scandal Rocks Soweto Council

(Derrick Luthayi; CITY PRESS, 1 Feb 87) 73

Soweto Clerk Claims Cith Council is Bankrupt

(Mandla Ndlazi; SOWETAN, 5 Feb 87). 74

500 Blacks Trained in Construction

(THE DAILY NEWS, 21 Jan 86) 76

Faction Violence Leads To Resignation of 2,200 Miners

(SAPA, 2 Feb 87) 77

Plan To Raise Zulu Standard of Living Revealed

(THE DAILY NEWS, 28 Jan 86) 78

Briefs

ANC 'Involved' in Organized Crime 79

Women-Led Black Homes Increasing 79

UDF Condemns Attack of Sisulu's Home 79

Troops Withdraw From New Brighton 80

Farisani Released From Detention 80

Government-ANC Talks Reportedly Sabotaged 80

Bophuthatswana Requiring Visas From Trainmen 80

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Major Factors in Mineworker Violence Discussed

(Mike Siluma; THE STAR, 28 Jan 87) 81

NGK Factions Present Respective Views

(Carina le Grange; THE STAR, 29 Jan 87).. 83

Indaba Director Refutes Claims by Heunis

(SAPA, 6 Feb 87) 85

COSATU Affiliates Discuss OK Strike Support Action

(SAPA, 9 Feb 87) 87

Commentary Views Arguments on Reform Tempo

(Johannesburg Domestic Service, 9 Feb 87) 88

Nation's First Multi-Racial School Opens New Era in Education

(CITY PRESS, 18 Jan 87; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 23-29 Jan 87)... 90

Uthongathi To Be Model, by Sbu Mngadi 90

Headmaster Explains Significance of New School, by

Carmel Rickard 90

- e
Briefs

Confidence Appeals for Botha Program 92

Better Links With U.S. Politicians 92

Management Committees in Cape Town 92

Black's in Colored Township Opposed 93

Call for Detained Professor's Release 93

CWIU To Strike Over Discrimination 93

MAWU Add for General Secretary Release 94

Antiapartheid 'Call' for NP Ouster 94

'Black Sash' Criticism of Botha 94

JODAC Denies Links to ANC, SACP 95

Blacks Urged To Join Bar 95

Pupil Body Lists Demands 95

ECONOMIC

Japanese Official Envisages More Sanctions

(PANA, 6 Feb 87) 97

Schwarz Claims President Harms Business Confidence

(SAPA, 9 Feb 87) 99

PFP's Schwarz Opposes 'Immoral* Budget Proposal

(SAPA, 9 Feb 87) 100

Two Income Families Get Further Tax Break

(SAPA, 9 Feb 87) 102

Briefs

Insolvencies, Liquidations Decline 103

Minerals Income Increased 103

Emigräting Professionals Causes Job Loss 103

Canada' Moore Corporation Pullout 103

Minerals Income Up 4.6 Percent 104

'Business Confidence Decline' Survey 104

/12223

, f -
ANGOLA

SONANGOL TO SIGN CONTRACTS WITH CABINDA GULF OIL COMPANIES

MB161901 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1200 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] On 24 February the National Angolan Fuel Co. [Sonangol] and Cabinda

Gulf Oil Co., a subsidiary of Chevron Corp., will sign three joint venture

contracts on oil research and exploration in Cabinda. In addition to the

establishment of a definite juridicial system, the contracts will make

Sonangol the sole concessionaire and Cabinda Gulf as the operator of three

areas which form the Cabinda oil concession.

The concession was agreed upon at the last negotiations between Sonangol and

Cabinda Gulf Oil Co. Under the terms of the contracts Cabinda Gulf Oil will

be responsible for the total expenditure on research operations and will be

reimbursed by Sonangol only when commercially viable oil has been discovered.

Sonangol also intends to establish a more appropriate taxation system in

accordance with the international oil operations, and juridicial system

designed to improve the previous contracting procedures. In its dealings with

foreign oil companies, Sonangol has been following the principle of shared

production, the most important aspects of which are the stability of the

mutual price clause and common interests between Angola and the foreign

companies. The price scope [preceding two words in English] clause means that

the largest portion of the additional profits, based on the international oil

prices, will revert to Angola. The foreign companies will receive only a

percentage designed to maintain the real value of their profits.

Under the terms of the three accords Sonangol will retain 51 percent of the

interests and Cabinda Gulf Oil 49 percent.

/9599

CSO: 3400/27
ANGOLA

ARMED FORCES REPORT ON LUNDA SUL, OTHER OPERATIONS

MB112039 Luanda Domestic Service in Portuguese 1900 GMT 11 Feb 87

[Text] The Angolan armed forces killed 185 UNITA bandits recently in military

operations carried out in the 3d and 4th military regions, including the

Moxico, Huambo, and Bie Provinces respectively. War materiel was seized in

these operations, several bandits were captured, and 600 huts which served as

shelter to the bandits were destroyed. In Huambo Province, 6 UNITA bandits

surrendered to the Angolan authorities, and 60 civilians were released from

the bandits' yoke.

Meanwhile, in Lunda Sul Province the Angolan armed forces last year destroyed

(72) enemy bases and captured 90 tons of war materiel and assorted equipment.

This was reported by the Lunda Sul provincial commissar, Comrade Rafael

Sapilinha Sambalanga, in an exclusive interview granted to the National Radio

of Angola. He described 1986 as a year where an increased fighting spirit

among our armed forces stationed in that military region was noted. Comrade

Sambalanga said that among the UNITA bases destroyed was a base located in

Alto Chicapa, municipality of Cacolo, which supplied war materiel. This base

allowed the bandits to carry out operations along the Saurimo-Malanje Road.

The Lunda Sul commissar emphasized the fact that the region now receives

through the roads network some commodities goods like bread, [word

indistinct], sugar, and fresh fish. Commissar Sapilinha pointed out that an

improvement in selling agricultural produce and the solution of the lighting

problem affecting Saurimo and other municipalities were some of the highlights

of 1986. The Lunda Sul commissar added that this year the regular water

supply to Saurimo and the implementation of the Saurimo greenbelt are the main

projects to be implemented out in the province.

/9599

CSO: 3400/27
ANGOLA

BRIEFS

BUDGET REFLECTS DECLINING OIL REVENUES—Launda, 13 Feb (ANGOP/PANA)—The

general state budget of the People's Republic of Angola for 1987 expects

revenue to total approximately 2,333,333,333.00 dollars as opposed to about

3,076,666,666.00 dollars last year. This was announced by Angola's deputy

finance minister, Sebastiao da Sousa Santos, in Luanda on Thursday. During

his meeting with managers from central organs and enterprises, Deputy Minister

Santos said that approximately 780 million dollars will be used to cover the

deficit this year, whereas 10 million dollars were used for that purpose in

1986. According to the Angolan deputy finance minister, the payment of taxes

by petroleum enterprises is a major source of revenue for the state general

budget. He described the petroleum sector as vital to the Angolan economy.

He also stated that the budget was based on the price of 12 dollars per barrel

in April. Mr Sebastiao da Sousa Santos also affirmed that the state general

budget for 1987 will concentrate on financing social investments such as

schools, hospitals, roads, and bridges and will generally try to improve the

Angolan people's standard of living. [Text] [Dakar PANA in French 1408 GMT

13 Feb 87] /9599

REBELS CLAIM 67 FAPLA KILLED—Lisbon, 13 Feb (AFP)—Guerrillas of the National

Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) killed a total of 66

government troops and one Cuban soldier in attacks in the north of the country

between 6 and 10 February, UNITA said in a statement released here on Friday.

The statement, which did not mention any rebel casualties, said the attacks

took place in Uige and Kuanza-north provinces and in the small oil-producing

enclave of Cabinda. [Text] [Paris AFP in English 1737 GMT 13 Feb 87] /9599

56 GOVERNMENT, CUBAN TROOPS KILLED—The UNITA movement in Angola says 56

Angolan soldiers and Cubans have been killed in 5 days of fighting in Angola.

UNITA said in a statement released in Lisbon that the fighting took place in

the provinces of Cabinda, Huige, and Kwanza Norte. The movement said 6 UNITA

soldiers were killed and 20 wounded. [Text] [Johannesburg International

Service in English 0630 GMT 14 Feb 87] /9599

MINISTER CRITICIZES FISHERY DEPARTMENT—This morning, Kundi Paihama, state

minister for state inspection and control, visited three departments of the

Ministry of Fisheries. Minister Kundi Paihama first visited the Service

Directorate of the Angolan-Soviet Joint Fishery Expedition. In his surprise

visit, minister noticed, as the first negative factor, the lack of punctuality
by workers. He also noticed the lamentable state in which the offices were

found, things which have contributed to disorganization in the sector. In

talks with the Soviet side, the minister was briefed on the joint activity

being developed since 1979 when a work contract in this field was signed

between the two countries. Minister Kundi Paihama learned that 100,000 metric

tons of fish were caught last year, out of which 15,000 tons were handed to

Angola. In his talks with Comrade Vitor Bastos, general director of the

Angolan-Soviet Joint Expedition, Minister Kundi Paihama blamed him for the

state of disorganization in the sector. [Excerpt] [Luanda Domestic Service

in Portuguese 1900 GMT 16 Feb 87] /9599

RSA ACCUSED OF PLANNING ATTACK—Lusaka, 6 Feb (ZANA/PANA)—Angola has accused

South Africa of planning a massive military attack against it. According to

a statement issued by the Angolan Embassy in Lusaka on Thursday the concentration of the military units stationed in the country's Cunene Province indicated that racist South Africa intended to carry out a large scale invasion

against Angola. Last week, South African troops occupied large parts of

Southern Angola in a bid to head off defeat for the anti-government Angolan

rebels they and the United States arm. The statement denounced South Africa's

continued armed aggression against Angola. For a long time now, Pretoria,

under the pretext of chasing Namibian nationalist forces, has carried out

criminal acts against Angola. The statement also urged the international

community to continue supporting Angola in its fight against the antigovernment rebels. [Text] [Dakar PANA in English 1133 GMT 6 Feb 87 MB] /6662

CSO: 3400/5
BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

COUNTRY UNABLE TO IMPOSE SANCTIONS—The vice president and minister of finance and development planning, Mr Peter Mmusi, has said that the different

socioeconomic systems of the various SADCC countries do not contradict the

theme of this year's SADCC consultative conference, which is investment in

production. Addressing a press conference yesterday, Mr Mmusi, who is the

chairman of the SADCC Council of Ministers, said private investment thrives

within all socioeconomic systems. On the issue of sanctions, Mr Mmusi reiterated Botswana's stand that it had no capacity to impose sanctions against

South Africa but would not stand in the way of countries capable of doing so.

He said that such countries should not use Botswana as an excuse for their

inability to impose sanctions. Mr Mmusi also said that it would take SADCC

sometime to get rid of dependence which he described as a 300-year-old buildup. He added that Botswana will stay in the Customs Union, which groups

South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Botswana, for as long as it served its

interests. [Text] [Gaborone Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 6 Feb 87

MB] /6662

CSO: 3400/5
EQUATORIAL GUINEA

SPANISH COOPERATION, DECLINING INFLUENCE NOTED

Madrid EL PAIS in Spanish 3 Jan 87 p 13

[Text] Madrid—In 1986, Spain gave credits of 1,925,000,000 pesetas to

Equatorial Guinea for its ministries of foreign affairs, health, education,

and labor and for cooperation and installations of Television Espanola. Luis

Yanez, secretary of state for international cooperation, and Alejandro Evuna,

minister of the presidency of Equatorial Guinea, ended the fourth meeting of

the Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation between this African nation and Spain

last 19 November.

A 4-year master plan to regulate and coordinate cooperation between the two

countries was approved in November 1985 at a meeting held by the joint

Spanish-Equatorial Guinean committee in Malabo.

One of the points in the plan was to eventually replace the 275 Spanish

cooperators now in Equatorial Guinea by training Equatorial Guinean personnel

for the different areas of cooperation and reinforcing the scholarship plan

for Equatorial Guinean students.

Spain feels that about 80 percent of the plans and objectives of the first

year of the plan have been fulfilled. Spanish cooperation with the Equatorial

Guinean administration focuses mainly on education, health, and defense.

Less Influence

Spanish influence in Equatorial Guinea has progressively declined since the

independence of this Spanish colony in Africa in October 1968. The lack of

understanding between Madrid and Malabo, despite in-depth changes in both

systems, has practically left the bankrupt African country in the hands of the

colonial power with most experience in the area, France. Since 1979, 17

billion pesetas have been allocated for technical and cultural assistance to

Equatorial Guinea. These billions did not keep Equatorial Guinea from looking

to France for money and Morocco for soldiers.

The dialogue between Madrid and Malabo has been difficult despite the hopes

aroused by Teodoro Obiang's arrival to power in August 1979 after Francisco

Macias was overthrown. The enthusiasm with which the first Spanish
copperatxjrs—who went to help reconstruct the country—were welcomed in 1979

turned quickly into mistrust.

The most delicate moment was probably when Spain turned Sergeant Venancio Mico

over to the Equatorial Guinean Government in May 1983. He had sought shelter

in the Spanish Embassy after having participated in a frustrated coup d'etat

against Obiang. Fernando Moran, minister of foreign affairs at that time, had

to go to Malabo to obtain guarantees that Mico would not be shot.

7717

CSO: 3448/1
GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

PAKISTANI FOOD AID—The Government of Pakistan will supply Guinea-Bissau with

food aid to help it offset its cereal deficit, it was announced in Bissau

today from official sources. The decision to grant this aid was made during a

meeting between Pakistani Head of State Ziaul Haq and General Joao Bernardo

Vieira, during the Islamic conference in Kuwait. [Excerpt] [Paris AFP in

French 1604 GMT 30 Jan 87] /9599

CSO: 3400/29
MALAWI

ZIMBABWE SUPPORT FOR OPPOSITION GROUP NOTED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 21 Jan 87 p 8

[Text] Before the exiled Malawian opposition

group, the Malawi Freedom Movement

(MAFREMO), mounted an armed attack

on a police station in the remote northern

Malawi border town of Kaporo on 10

January, MAFREMO's new chairman

Edward Yapwantha had travelled to

Zimbabwe where he was a guest of

Minister of State for Security Emmerson

Munangagwa.

Yapwantha had also journeyed to

Bulawavo in western Zimbabwe, where

MAFREMO enjoys strong support among

Malawian expatriates. MAFREMO has

recently been reinvigoraied through the

efforts of its regional officials in

Bulawayo, the Rev. Thatcher Phiri, who

studied in Scotland, and William Manda.

Yapwantha, now in his late 40s, studied

law at the University of Zambia and at

Queen's and McGill universities in

Canada. He has been a frequent visitor

to Zimbabwe ever since he assumed

MAFREMO's leadership in 1983

following the abduction from Zambia in

December 1981 of its first chairman,

Orion Edgar Ching'oli Chirwa, now

serving a life jail term in Malawi.

It would seem MAFREMO now enjoys

the backing of Zimbabwe in its aims to

torpedo President Hastings Banda's

regime in Malawi. Furthermore,

immediately after MAFREMO's attack at

Kaporo, Mozambican and Tanzanian

radio stations simultaneously broadcast

the incident. Also, official newspapers in

both Mozambique and Tanzania carried

reports on the attack.

It is generally assumed among

Malawians in Zimbabwe that

MAFREMO's action will spearhead

intensified anti-Banda military activity by

exiled opposition parties. So far,

Mozambique, Tanzania and Zimbabwe

have indicated overt backing for them.

Strategically-located Zambia has yet to

show any interest in the Malawian exiles.

In the past, Zambia's President Kenneth

Kaunda has ordered Malawian antiBanda-ists to desist from their campaigns,

arresting some and expelling others.

/9274

CSO: 3400/16
MOZAMBIQUE

DOS SANTOS RECEIVES SUPPORT PLEDGE FROM TANZANIA

MB061157 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 6 Feb 87

[Text] Marcelino dos Santos, a member of the Frelimo Party Central Committee

Political Bureau and chairman of the People's Assembly, returned to Maputo a

few moments ago from Tanzania. Teresa Lima reports:

[Lima] Marcelino dos Santos said on arrival at Mavalane Airport that he was

impressed by the warm reception accorded him and his delegation and by the

level of organization demonstrated by Tanzanians in the Arusha Declaration

celebrations. Referring to the struggle against armed bandits in Mozambique,

Marcelino dos Santos said that there was full support from Tanzania.

[Begin Dos Santos recording] Accordingly, during the Arusha Declaration celebrations, the Tanzanian people made donations to assist Mozambique in the

struggle against armed bandits and in the struggle for economic recovery. As

you are already aware, a few weeks ago the Chama Cha Mapinduzi [CCM] launched

a mobilization campaign in Tanzania, asking the Tanzanian people to make

contributions. So far, the Tanzanian people have contributed money, corn,

and goats to assist Mozambique. There was a general mobilization of the

entire Tanzanian population, which was also aimed at further enlightening

them on Mozambique's situation and, above all, on the importance to Tanzania of Mozambique's security. Our Tanzanian colleagues told us: We support

you in your struggle against armed bandits because we know that this is a

requirement for our own survival, and for us to continue as a free people

and as a sovereign and independent state. [end recording]

[Lima] That was Marcelino dos Santos speaking on his return to Maputo this

morning from Dodoma, Tanzania. In that fraternal country, Marcelino dos

Santos was received by CCM Chairman Julius Nyerere, and by Ali Hassan Mwinyi,

president of Tanzania.

/6662

CSO: 3400/3

10
MOZAMBIQUE

OFFICIAL PLEDGES SUPPORT TO 'OPPRESSED' IN RSA

MB141932 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 14 Feb 87

[Text] Mozambique has reaffirmed its support for the oppressed people of

South Africa. The statement of support was made today in Maputo by Augusto

Macamo, secretary general of Mozambique's Trade Union Federation and a member

of the Central Committee of the Frelimo Party. Mr Macamo was speaking at a

ceremomy marking the annual day of solidarity between the people of Mozambique

and South Africa.

This is the anniversary of a day in 1981 when the late President Samora Machel

of Mozambique and President Oliver Tambo of the African National Congress

stood together at a rally in Maputo and pledged solidarity. The rally was

held shortly after an attack on South African refugees in Mozambique by

Pretoria's armed forces.

In today's speech, Mr Macamo said the situation in the region had deteriorated

since then, because of continuing aggression by the Pretoria regime against

neighboring states. He called on the international community to support the

ANC in its struggle for equal rights.

At today's ceremony, a visiting ANC official, (Steve Chiwete), said relations

between the Mozambican and South African people had grown stronger since 1981.

He said the South African struggle would end in victory for the oppressed

people.

/9599

CSO: 3400/30

11
MOZAMBIQUE

TROOPS RECAPTURE TOWNS WITH AID OF ZIMBABWEAN ARMY

MB152104 Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 14 Feb 87

[Text] Combined Zimbabwean and Mozambique defense forces have recaptured the

towns of Sena, Mutara, Vila Nova, (Bave), and Vila Caia, which fell in the

hands of the MNR bandits last year. More than 100 bandits have been killed

during the combat. A self-styled general for MNR signals, Antonio, has been

killed and the battalion commander in charge of the base at Vila Caia has been

captured.

The army commander, Lieutenant General Rex Nhongo, who visited the [word

indistinct] in Mozambique this week, said that he was satisfied that the

operations are going on well.

Vila Caia situated along the Zambezi valley, through which passes the railway

line to Beira, was recaptured on Tuesday morning by airborne troops. Some of

the equipment recovered during the operations include AK rifles, B-85 radio

communication set of South African origin, mortars, and several rounds of

ammunition.

Brigadier Mutambara of the Zimbabwe defense forces has told the [word

indistinct] at Vila Nova many bandits fled to Malawi. He said the combined

forces could not make follow-up operations because they would have violated

Malawi's territory.

/9599

CSO: 3400/30

12
MOZAMBIQUE

GOVERNMENT ANNOUNCES SALARY HIKE OF 50 PERCENT

MB301408 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 30 Jan 87

rText] The Mozambican Government has announced a new wages policy to

cover workers in private and state-sectors. The minister of^labor, ■■-

Aguiar Mazula, announced in Maputo this morning that all workers will

now earn 50 percent more than their present salaries. Mr Mazula said the

new policy has been approved by the Council of Ministers in terms of

lalt year's labor law. The new wages policy is also part of the economic

recovery program. The 50 percent increase in wages covers workers xn

different jobs. Mr Mazula said in practice workers could get increases as

high as 100 percent after their employers have introduced a comprehensive

system of bonuses. The government has recommended that management must

carefully elaborate a system of bonuses in order to reward good work,

in addition to workers productivity, length of service is another sector

to be considered in rewarding workers.

After making the announcement, Minister Mazula told the news conference

that the government's recommendations for employers to rationalize their

work force does not mean massive dismissals. He said the idea is to find

Solutions for improving quality. Workers could be moved from one sector to

another workplace where there is shortage of manpower. In addition other

workers could be integrated into the agricultural sector.

Mr Mazula said the government is already preparing to receive some 30,000

Mozambican workers who can no longer be contracted in South African mines.

Last year the South African Government announced it will no longer recruit

Mozambican miners. Mr Mazula said after this decision Pretoria and the

mining companies worked out a new plan under which part of the Mozambican

work force will stay on in South Africa. He said thi%*f .

a

"

anSe

^*

was made internally by South Africa and there was no official involvement

of Mozambique.

/12624

CSO: 3400/956

13
MOZAMBIQUE

GOVERNMENT RAISES TAXES, TRANSPORT FARES

MB3I1831 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 31 Jan 87

[Text] A new fiscal law took effect in Mozambique today. In the

introduction to this law, it is mentioned that the existing fiscal system

is inadequate because the national economy is seriously affected by

aggression against the Mozambican people. The changes now introduced will

lead to a strengthening of indirect taxes, to a more efficient implementation

of taxes, and to a greater tax burden on higher income echelons,

particularly capital incomes.

Within the framework, the Ministry of Finance has issued a diploma which

establishes taxes on national reconstruction to be applied during 1 year

and regulates what to do with the respective incomes from those taxes.

According to the diploma, in the cities of Maputo and Beira as well as in

Maputo, Gaza, and Inhambane province, the tax amounts to 1,500 meticals.

In Manica, Zambezia, Nampula, Niassa, Cabo Delgado, and Sofala provinces,

with the exception of Beira city, the tax of national reconstruction for

this year amounts to 10,000 meticals.

Another diploma establishes taxes for this year to be applied to selfemployed people or to domestic employers. The table of minimum taxes

ranges from 20,000 meticals to 250 contos in Maputo and Beira cities;

it is lower in other cities. The highest taxes apply to the carpenter

or cabinetmaker, seamstress or dressmaker, car mechanic, and appliance

repair technician. The effective taxes will be established by the

provincial governors and should not exceed by more than 100 percent the

minimum values.

A dispatch from the finance Ministry announced that taxes were imposed

on salaries, Section A. The taxes are 6 percent until a salary of

10,000 meticals and 15 percent over amounts exceeding that total. This

tax applies to the salaries in January and over the next few months

replaces the tax on national reconstruction Section A which has been

abolished. Within the framework of the new fiscal laws, the invoicing

of work done for international organizations and institutions must be made

in a convertible currency.

Fares on domestic flights of the Mozambican airlines, LAM, will increase

200 percent from tomorrow. Thus, a fare from Maputo to Lichinga, Pemba,

14
or Nampula will cost 18,000 meticals whereas the existing price was 5,800

meticals. A fare from Maputo to Beira will cost 12,000 while one from

Quelimane to Maputo will cost 13,700 meticals. A note from LAM on the new

prices informs that the prices on international fairs and on domestic

services on freight and mail will be posted by the LAM offices. These

prices will be announced later.

A fixed price of 10 meticals was announced for the urban passenger transport

and takes effect in Maputo from tomorrow. This new price excludes the

Expresso bus. Until now the minimum price was 3.5 meticals. New tarxlls

were introduced in maritime and fluvial transports for passengers and

freight in the urban and interurban services. Thus from tomorrow a fare

from Maputo to Catembe rises from 4 to 17 meticals. The same price will

be applied on the Marracunene-Macaneta and Chinde-Mitahone routes. *ne

price of 30 meticals will be applied on the Maxixe-Inhambane, Quelimane-Ricamba,

Nacala-Nacala-a-Velha, and Macuze-Sopinho routes. In the interurban services

of the maritime and fluvial transports the new tariff is now 19 meticals

per passenger/mile and 51 meticals per ton/mile.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

15
MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY EXAMINES PROSPECTS FOR SALARY INCREASES

MB312002 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 31 Jan 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The labor minister yesterday announced the new Mozambican salary

structure. This is one of the first measures announced within the framework

of the program for economic rehabilitation. The new salary policy adopts

the principle that salary must correspond to production and productivity.

It establishes that the best workers should receive more. Initially,

salary increases will be inferior to increases forecasted for the cost of

living.

The new salary policy establishes that a worker can receive more than double

his present salary. In fact, depending on his level of production and

productivity, a worker might receive awards, bonuses [preceding work in

English], and a share of the profits earned by his enterprise at the end

of the year. He could thus double his salary and increase his standard

of living. For a clerk working for the state, later increases in salary

depends on the reduction of expenses in his work place.

In the last few years, one of the consequences of declining production

has been the loss of the real value of salaries, for example, the decrease

in the worker's buying power. While production declined, the sums

determined to pay the salaries increases. One of the consequences of this

policy was that because of the small quantity of goods produced, a great

slice of workers' salaries was captured by smugglers. This caused an

excessive rise in prices in the parallel market. The unreasonable prices

of the parallel market caused an artificial devaluation of the metical

and a loss in workers' purchasing power.

The new salary policy announced yesterday must be seen in the context

of the program of economic rehabilitation which demands the implementation of

several other measures already announced. One conclusion we can now

reach: the new salary policy places the management of the enterprises

and the workers face to face with a new reality. Salaries will depend more

than ever on production levels, productivity, implementation of an austerity

policy, profits, and revenues. The new salary policy demands a new attitude

16
from managers and workers. It demands the end of attitudes like the one

that dictates that the state must pay salaries. It demands a new dynamism

in the search for solutions, better organization, and greater discipline.

The new salary policy, in addition to other measures being implemented

for the reactivation of agriculture and industry, will contribute to

production increases, a fundamental objective of the program of economic

rehabilitation. When production increases, conditions will be created

for an effective rise in salaries and, subsequently, in workers' living

standards.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

17
MOZAMBIQUE

TARIFF INCREASE FOR TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATIONS

MB010637 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 31 Jan 87

[Text] New tariffs for road, maritime,'river, and air transportation and

for water and electricity,, surface and air mail, and telephone calls will

come into effect tomorrow.

Road transport passengers for the Maputo urban areas will pay a single

tariff of 10 meticals. This tariff is not applicable to express

buses. The present minimal tariff is 3 meticals and 50 cents.

New road transport tariffs for passengers and goods will come

into effect throughout the country tomorrow. In the cities,

passenger tariffs will be 1 metical and 80 cents per kilometer

and 1 metical and 50 cents per kilometer in the suburbs. Good tariffs

are based on tonnage and distance.

New tariffs for maritime and river transport services have been

established for passenger and goods in urban and suburban areas.

Accordingly, a Maputo-catembe ticket is raised from 4 to 17 meticals.

The same tariff of 30 meticals is applicable to the Maxixe-inhambane,

Quelimane-Ricamba, Nacala-nacala-a-velha, and Macuze-sopinho routes.

The new tariff for suburban maritime and river transport services will be

19 meticals per passenger per mile and 51 meticals per ton per mile.

Air fares for Mozambique Airlines [LAM] domestic flights will be increased

by over 200 percent. Accordingly, an air ticket from Maputo to Lichinga

or Pemba and Nampula will cost 18,000 meticals. A Beira-maputo fare will

cost 12,000 meticals, whereas the Quelimane-maputo fare will cost 13,700

meticals. A statement from LAM on the new fares says that new international

tariffs for cargo and postal services will be displayed at LAM's terminals.

These tariffs will be disclosed in due course.

Ministerial orders have introduced new water and electricity tariffs.

Accordingly, the average cost of 1 cubic meter of water will be raised

from 12 meticals and 50 cents to 52 meticals and 50 cents. The minimal

domestic consumption is raised from 75 to 100 meticals, and the other

tariffs will be raised by 100 percent. The general tariff, which is

applicable to industrial, trade, and public consumers, is raised from

625 to 2,200 meticals per each 50 cubic meters per month. The ministerial

order says that rules applicable to residential areas without water meters

remain unchanged.

18
Domestic households served by low power grids now pay 7 mescals and

60 cents, and general consumers, served by the same grid, pay 18 meticals.

The average electricity tariff from high power grids is raised to

8 meticals and 50 cents.

A statement from Mozambique Post Office says surface and air mail rates

will be raised by 300 percent. Inland letters will cost 12 meticals and

50 cents. Letters to neighboring countries will cost 25 meticals,

and 50 meticals to the rest of the world. These rates are per 20 grams.

Previous minimal rates ranged from 4 to 16 meticals.

New telephone tariffs also come into effect tomorrow. Local calls will

cost 7 meticals and 50 cents. Suburban calls per minute range from

30 to 112 meticals and 50 cents, depending on distance and time.

Previously, suburban telephone calls ranged from 18 to 36 metical per minute.

A statement from the Mozambique Telecommunications Enterprxse also

announces new telex rates. Srban services will cost 34 meticals per minute,

and suburban calls will cost 100 meticals.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

19
MOZAMBIQUE

PROVISIONS FOR CONSUMER PROTECTION DURING PRICE HIKES

MB311919 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 31 Jan 87

[Text] The measures just announced within the framework of the program of

economic rehabilitation aim at correcting grave imbalances in the national

economy and at stopping the decline in production over the last 5 years,

bringing a subsequent decline in the people's standard of living, especially

among the peasants. The moment is one of sacrifices and struggle.

Improvement in the living standards must be gradual and depends basically

on an increase in production. However, changes just announced should not

be used as a pretext by some people to enrich themselves through speculation

and black market dealing in goods, creating hardship for our working people.

In these circumstances the National Commission of Prices and Salaries

determines the following:

1. It is prohibited to increase prices of products in addition to the taxes

imposed on products inventoried in the shops before 30 January 1987.

2. The increase in the process of products in the new supply system will

only be allowed when duly authorized by the National Commission of Prices

and Salaries. Price increase for other products will only be allowed when

duly authorized by the Council of Ministers, National Commission of Prices

and Salaries, and trade control bodies.

3. It is prohibited to increase prices of products in addition to the taxes

imposed on the national imports before 30 January 1987, including stocks

in the warehouses of producers or retailers, without authorization from

trade control bodies.

4. Violation of provisions 1 and 3 will be punished under the terms of the

law of the defense of economy as speculation.

5. The exception to the provisions 1 and 3 are those products for which

free pricing has been approved.

6. Any refusal to sell products in the shops is prohibited; any violation

of this will be considered hoarding and will be punished under the

terms of the law of the defense of the economy.

20
7. The exception to the provision number six are those products considered

strategic stocks [preceding word in English], which belong to the new supply

system, or which will be sent to a predetermined consumer.

8. The unjustified closing of commercial enterprizes which sell to the

public will be considered hoarding.

9. To guarantee the implementation of these provisions price control

cabinets will work temporarily in the Ministries of Finance and Trade.

All violations of these provisions must be reported appropriately.

Violations should be reported to the following phone numbers: Ministry

of Finance 28841; Ministry of Trade 25875.

Maputo, 31 January 1987.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

21
MOZAMBIQUE

LAW ESTABLISHES TAX FOR HOSPITAL ADMISSION

MB010526 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 31 Jan 87

[Text] The admission of patients to central and provincial hospitals,

as well as to certain general and rural hospitals, is to be subject

to the payment of a tax to be established by a joint statement from

the ministers of health and finance, according to Law No. 4 of 1987

approved recently by the People's Assembly. The law, which will take

effect on 1 March, establishes that the payment of an admission tax

includes subsequent medical assistance, medicines, surgery, additional

diagnostic exams, and other treatment, with the exception of dental

prosthetics and spectacles. The measure seeks to ease the heavy burden

the health sector represents to the state and allow the population to

contribute their share in such a way that health units are able to become

self-supporting.

Under the same law, businesses would pay for the admission of their workers

and their families. Business owners, shareholders, and the self-employed

will pay the tax themselves. Workers will repay a fixed percentage of the

tax to their employers. State workers and those who have the right

to have free medical assistance will not have to make this repayment.

Law No. 4 of 1987 also establishes the conditions under which this tax

will not be paid. Pregnant women, house servants, veterans of the struggle

for national liberation, blood donors, children younger than 18, and

invalids will not pay this tax. For medical consultations, a tax will

also be established through a joint statement from the ministers of

health and finance.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

22
MOZAMBIQUE

COMMENTARY STRESSES NEW ECONOMIC STRATEGY

MB021956 Maputo Domestic Services in Portuguese 1730 GMT 2 Feb 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] The set of economic measures recently announced should be seen

in a wider context and in relation to the objectives we want to attain.

None of these measures should be analyzed separately, without reference to

the current political, economic and social context and to the problems

that must be solved.

One of the objectives of these measures is to create a new mentality

and a greater dynamism from the economic organs. Each economxc unxt

should be profitable. This means that it should not be a burden,

a source of losses; but it should be a source of wealth, an income-earning

source. An economic unity may have the dimensions of a peasant family

or of a large factory. It may be a family, cooperative, state joint

venture or private unit. It may be an agricultural, livestock, industrial,

commercial, or service enterprise. In any of these instances it is _

necessary that the elements that work in those economic units bear m

mind that its efficiency depends on the production, on the services

being rendered effectively.

It is in this context that the salary policy includes rules that strictly

tie the salary to production. That is, salary level depends on the

wroker's production. In the same way the credit policy to be granted

to the enterprises, the backing for private investments, and the fiscal

policy are closely related to the real capacity of the existing or

potential economic units.

Today the state, through the banking sector, really supports many

enterprises. It is vital that this be reversed; that the enterprises

feed and develop the national economy. This is a key point m the

program of economic rehabilitation.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

23
MOZAMBIQUE

PRICE INCREASES FOR FUEL, CEMENT ANNOUNCED

MB030749 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 3 Feb 87

[Text] New retail prices of gasoline, paraffin, and diesel have been

announced in Maputo and will come into force today. According to a

communique issued by the Ministry of Industry and Power, the new prices

are in accordance with a decision made by the Council of Ministers.

The new prices of premium gasoline ranges from 120 meticals per liter

in Maputo and Beira to 131 meticals and 20 cents in Songo, in Tete Province.

Regular gasoline will cost 100 meticals per liter in Maputo and Beira,

but will be slightly more expensive in other parts of the country.

The price of paraffin ranges from 38 meticals and 50 cents per liter

in Maputo and Beira to 51 meticals and 90 cents in Songo. Diesel will

now cost 67 meticals and 40 cents per liter in Maputo and Beira, but

will be slightly more expensive in other parts of the country.

As of yesterday the factory price of a 59-kg bag of cement will be

472 meticals and 50 cents. According to today's edition of NOTICIAS,

a notice from the Ministry of Construction and Water indicates that

the new price was set by the national salaries and prices commission.

All Mozambique Cement factories will adopt this price. Factory prices

for 1 ton of cement sold in bulk or in bags have also been altered

and will now be 8,242 meticals and 50 cents and 9,450 meticals, respectively.

/12624

CSO: 3400/945

24
MOZAMBIQUE

MACHUNGO DISCUSSES ECONOMIC RECOVERY PLAN

MB161455 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1100 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Mozambique's new economic recovery program demands hard work and a

new attitude of the worker toward the program, so says the prime minister,

Mario Machungo, in an interview published in today's edition of the Maputo

daily newspaper, NOTICIAS. Mr Machungo says the new workers' attitude must be

that of taking work as essential if one is to improve one's life. He says

what will also help implement a correct workers' approach toward production

should be the attitude of civil servants. Mr Machungo says civil servants who

abuse their positions for personal gains at the expense of workers, should be

severely punished.

The prime minister stresses that the new recovery program does not signify

that Mozambique has a new philosophy of economy. He says the economic

recovery program is, in fact, a decision of the Frelimo Party's fourth

congress of 1983. What is happening now, continues Mr Machungo, is merely the

definition of how to carry out sectorial policies from the main political and

economic lines decided in the congress.

/9599

CSO: 3400/30

25
MOZAMBIQUE

FPLM CONDUCTS SUCCESSFUL OPERATIONS IN SOFALA

MB131858 Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1730 GMT 13 Feb 87

[Text] The Pretoria regime is a creator of war in Mozambique. This war is

the main cause of the misery afflicting our people. Our people are engaged in

this war's economic and military fronts. From Beira, Alberto Lavambe reports

on the military situation.

[Lavambe] FPLM killed 55 armed bandits in operation carried out in Sofala

Province's Marromeu District last year. These operations also resulted in the

destruction of three bandit camps in the regions of (Benaze), (Barate), and

Nhamife. An assortment of war materiel was captured from the enemy. Two

armed bandits also were captured during that period. The captured war

materiel includes: 30 AKM weapons, 21 82-mm mortar shells, 10 ammunition

boxes, 41 AKM rifle magazines, and 2 [word indistinct] ammunition belts.

According to a source in Marromeu District, last year our armed forces freed

more than 100 people living under the yoke of the armed bandits in that

district.

Meanwhile, the FPLM forces stationed in Nhamatanda killed 11 armed bandits and

captured 1 during operations carried out last month.

/9599

CS0: 3400/30

26
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MALAWI DELEGATION MEETS MOZAMBICAN OFFICIALS—A 12-man Malawi delegation

returned home yesterday from Maputo where it had gone last Sunday for

talks on transport with the Mozambican officials. The delegation, which

comprised government officials, some members of the Malawi-Mozambique joint

security committee, and officials of the Malawi Railways was led by the

principal secretary in the ministry of external affairs. Speaking to the

MALAWIAN NEWS AGENCY on arrival, the principal secretary said the talks m

Maputo centered on the political agreement by the two countries to get the

Nacala railway line functioning once more for the mutual benefit of the two

countries. He said the meeting also expressed the need for the two countries

to hold monthly discussions with the railway organization for the two

countries to review problems in order to revitalize the Nacala line. [Text]

[Blantyre Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 30 Jan 87 MB] /12624

15 'BANDITS' KILLED IN NAMPULA—Mozambican army units stationed in northern

Nampula Province killed 15 bandits of South Africa's MNR terrorist gang

last Tuesday. Nine terrorists were killed during a clash with the army while

attempting to attack the capital of Murrupula district. The other six

bandits were killed in followup operations by the army. The Nampula

military command earlier announced that during last month a total of 18

terrorists and 26 collaborators were killed during a number of army

operations in five districts of the province. During the same period,

the army destroyed four terrorist camps in Nampula and one camp just across

the border with neighboring Zambezia Province. [Text] [Maputo in English

to southern Africa 1100 1 Feb 87 MB] /12624

JAPAN GRANT FOR FOOD PRODUCTION—Mozambique and Japan today signed an

agreement of about $9.5 million to help Mozambique increase its food

production. The agreement was signed by the Japanese ambassador to

Zimbabwe, Dr Yoshifumi Ito; and the Mozambican ambassador to this country,

Comrade Rancisco Caetano Madeira, in Harare today. Speaking on the occasion,

the Japanese ambassador said his country is deeply concerned about the

economic development of Mozambique. Ambassador Yoshifumi Ito expressed the

hope that the grant will go a long way in increasing cooperation between

the two countries. For his part, the Mozambican ambassador thanked the

government of Japan for the gesture, adding that the grant will be used

for the development of the agricultural infrastructure and for buying food.

[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1745 GMT 2 Feb 87 MB] /12624

27
MNR CLAIMS 300 DEAD—The Renamo movement in Mozambique claims to have killed

about 300 troops, including 150 Zimbabweans and 21 Tanzanians, in heavy

fighting last week. In a statement issued in Lisbon, Renamo said 129

Zimbabwean paratroopers were killed after their unit had been surrounded near

Gorongosa in the central Beira Province. Other battles had taken place in the

neighboring Zambezia District where three towns had been attacked, leaving

about 70 Mozambicans and 21 Tanzanian troops dead. Renamo said it had also

killed 37 government troops in a raid south of Zambezia. [Excerpt]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in Portuguese 0900 GMT 16 Feb 87] /9599

TALKS WITH UN DELEGATION—This morning UN Assistant Secretary General

Abdulrahim Farah was received by President Joaquim Chissano. The Mozambican

head of state was accompanied by Foreign Minister Pascoal Mocumbi. Also this

morning, Abdulrahim Farah was received by Prime Minister Mario Machungo, who

briefed him on the situation of displaced Mozambicans and the issue of the

miners to be repatriate by South Africa. This afternoon, the UN delegation

will meet with the ministers of health and agriculture, Fernando Vaz and Joao

Ferreira, respectively. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese

1030 GMT 16 Feb 87] /9599 .

FRELIMO OFFICIALS TO BULGARIA—Fourteen Frelimo Party officials left Maputo

today for Bulgaria, where they will train in the social sciences and social

management academy of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The group will receive a

special 5-month course in agriculture. They will tour agricultural and

industrial units to gain information that may be applicable to the situation

in Mozambique. This morning Georgi Borgov, the Bulgarian ambassador to

Mozambique, received the group in an informal meeting, during which they were

briefed on the history of the country and on the present level of development.

The 14 Frelimo Party officials come from provincial and district committees.

[Text] [Maputo Domestic Service in Portuguese 1030 GMT 16 Feb 87] /9599

IRANIAN REVOLUTION ANNIVERSARY GREETED—Joaquim Alberto Chissano, president

of the People's Republic of Mozambique, has reiterated the desire to see

Mozambique-Iran friendship and cooperation strengthened. The Mozambican head

of state stressed this view in a message of congratulations to Syyed 'Ali

Khamene'i, his Iranian counterpart, on the occasion of the eighth anniversary

of the Islamic Revolution. In a press conference in Maputo, (Ahmad Nacmeh),

charge d'affaires of the Iranian Embassy in Maputo, disclosed that Mozambique

will receive Iranian petroleum soon. According to that diplomat, who is

quoted by AIM, Iran will supply petroleum to Mozambique on favorable terms.

(Ahmad Nacmeh) reiterated Iran's support for Mozambique in its struggle

against the armed bandits who are supported by South Africa. He added that

his country will continue to cooperate with Mozambican people in various

fields. The Iranian diplomat expressed the view that of the factors hindering greater Tehran support for Mozambique is the war between Iran and Iraq,

which has been going on for over 6 years. [Text] [Maputo Domestic Service

in Portuguese 1730 GMT 11 Feb 87 MB] /6662

CSO: 3400/3

28
NAMIBIA

NATIONAL PARTY LEADER CALLS FOR WHITES ELECTION

MB051648 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1633 GMT 5 Feb 87

[Text] Windhoek, 5 Feb (SAPA)—The leader of the SWA National Party [SWANP],

Mr Kosie Pretorius, has challenged the minister of governmental affairs,

Mr Dirk Mudge, to arrange an election for whites in the territory. In a

statement today, the leader of the majority party among a whites in

SWA/Namibia said Mr Mudge should let the electorate decide whether they still

supported the policies of the SWANP, which controls the ethnic administration

for whites.

Mr Pretorius was responding to an earlier statement by Mr Mudge, who is also

leader of the opposition Republican Party, that the SWANP no longer provided

leadership to its followers, particularly on the desegregation of exclusivelywhite schools in SWA/Namibia.

In the same statement, Mr Pretorius accepted an earlier challenge by Mr Mudge

to participate in a panel discussion on local television with other political

leaders in the Transitional Government on the schools issue. "I accept that

Mr Mudge will now make the necessary arrangements (for the TV discussion),"

Mr Pretorius said.

/9599

CSO: 3400/28

29
NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

CASUALTIES IN OSHAKATI BOMB BLAST—Windhoek, 6 Feb (SAPA)--A child was killed

and two other civilians injured in a bomb blast outside Barclays Bank at

Oshakati in Northern SWA/Namibia this afternoon, a police spokesman said in

Windhoek. Initial details were sketchy but it was reported that damage was

caused to the building and several cars parked outside. The area was cordoned

off and extensive police investigations are under way. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1642 GMT 6 Feb 87] /9599

STATE SCHOOL BECOMES MULTIRACIAL—An English medium primary school in

Swakopmund, Namibia is to open its doors to all races. It will be the

territory's first all white state school to become multiracial. Brian Jones

reports from Windhoek. [Jones] The decision was taken last night by the

National Party controlled executive committee of the administration for whites

which run schooling for white pupils in Namibia. The chairman of the white

executive committee and leader of the National Party of South-West Africa,

Mr Kosie Pretorius, said the school would be able to admit pupils of other

races this year. This would have to be done however, within certain guidelines which included factors such as a child's cultural background. The

administration for whites is under pressure from the Namibian central

government to open all its schools to other races, but the administration has

said it is up to parents of each school to request its opening. [Text]

[Umtata Capital Radio in English 1000 GMT 11 Feb 87] /9599

OFFICERS DEAD IN SKIRMISH—There appears to be a massive upsurge in SWAPO

activities in Namibia. Official figures say 235 SWAPO fighters have been

killed so far this year and, in the latest incident, two Namibian soldiers

were killed in a skirmish at the weekend. Brian Jones has the story. [Jones]

Twenty-six-year-old Sergeant Christiaan Lourens Fourie and 21-year-old

Constable Ryk Rudolf Erasmus, both from Namibia, were members of the

controversial police counterinsurgency unit formally known as Koevoet

[Crowbar]. The police spokesman said he had no information about SWAPO

casualties in the skirmish. He gave no details about where the skirmish took

place, but a Windhoek newspaper reported this morning it had occurred near

Eenhana in Ovamboland, close to the Angolan border. [Text] [Umtata Capital

Radio in English 0900 GMT 16 Feb 87] /9599

CSO: 3400/28

30
SWAZILAND

BRIEFS

WOMAN ALLEGEDLY KIDNAPPED RETURNED HOME—The woman who was kidnapped from

Swaziland allegedly by South African forces last November is back home. Grace

Cele who works for the Unitarian services of Canada returned to her home

last night. No further details of her return are immediately available. Mrs

Cele was snatched from her Mbabane home at the same time that four others,

including two Swiss nationals and an alleged ANC activist, were kidnapped from

Swaziland. [Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT 16 Feb 87]

/9599

CSO: 3400/26

31
UGANDA

MUSEVINI ASSESSES FIRST YEAR OF GOVERNMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 26 Jan 87 pp 4 , 5, & 11

rInterview with Yoweri Museveni b Beu Oraoro in Mbale; no date given 1

fText]

Q: — Are you aware that

the high rate of inflation in

the country is hurting the

common Ugandan? A daily

meal in Kampala consumes the monthly wage of

an average worker. Part of

the problem seems to be the

high government taxes.

,

A:

.

— Yes

- ' know that the cost of

living is very high. I know that.

On the 26th (today) I'll be giving

you the figures why. Because the

decline of the economy has been

going on for the last" 16 years.

Since 1970 the economy has been

going down.

When you look at the foreign

exchange earnings — we earn

now $400 million from coffee —

no other commodity is being sold

outside. From that $400 million

we have to pay an external debt

of $200 million.

We have to earmark $80

million for petroleum and

petroleum products. We spend

$50 million on sugar imports

alone.

So I am not surprised that the

situation is what it is. I know why

and you know why. Therefore, the

more important thing is not so

much to lament the situation. It

was brought about by those who

used to be in charge of our

affairs.

Raging inflation

We inherited it. The only (hing

you can accuse us of is that we

were so audicious as to remove

these creators of this situation

and to inherit it. We are sure we

can reverse this situation. It will

take some time. But we have

taken measures which we feel will

averse the situation in the next

two years.

As far as the cost of living is

concerned, the situation will

improve this year because we are

going to alleviate the shortage of

essential commodities, a shortage

which erodes the earning power of

the worker. When more of the

essential commodities are

available it means the prices will

go down.

We raised rates because all the

rates which were there had been

rendered meaningless by inflation. If you used to charge, let me

say, Shi,000 for a licence, now,

with the inflation raging for the

last 16 years, Sh 1,000 is no longer

meaningful at alii Even the mere,

collecting Shl.OOO will be more

expensive than the money you

end up collecting.

You see, once people damage

their country with bad politics

they must accept the consequences. These are the consequences of the bad politics which

the Ugandas political leaders

and, to some extent, Ugandans

themselves have accepted for tlapast 16 years.

So we had to raise the rates to

cope with inflation. We had also

to raise the rates to cope with the

budget deficit. It is very huge.

Something like Sh400 billion. I

will give you the figures on the

26th.

In other words, what I am

saying is that I know it and I am

not surprised. But if you are

asking whether it can be reversed,

yes it can be reversed. And it is

going to be reversed.

Q: — Soon after the NKM came

to power, there was an international outcry about children

who had been recruited into the

army. Can you tell us how

many ofthese have gone back to

school and where these schools

are?

A: — I don't have the figures, but

they must be in their hundreds.

They are in army schools. Those

are schools ii> the barracks. They

were damaged in part, but tbinare there. These are the ones thev

are using.

And, of course, I don't accept

your works that they have gone

back to school. Some of them

have never been to school. Tinpeople over the world who

always talk about these children

should realise we rescued them

from the villages. There are

millions of other children there

even now with nobody to look

after them.

Fortunately for these children,

we were operating in an area

where they happened to.be and

they joined us. Some had lost

their parents, some had nothing

useful to do at home, so they

joined us. And we have educated

them.

Even their participation in the

struggleis some form of education.

They can now speak Swahili.

They know how to read and write,

and now, if you add to this the

formal education which we are

going to give them, they will be

useful citizens.

But we refused the International Red Crosfs Committee

the permision they wanted to

come to give the children some

education for us. We said we can

educate them ourselves.

32
Q:

—I think these people were

concerned about the children

continuing to live Ina military

environment. Why did you

choose to put them ina military

environment rather than in

ordinarv schools? And what

will be "their future after they

finish their studies?

A: —They are our children. They

are children of the army. So they

will be doing the ordinary

curriculum and also the military

curriculum. They will get.

military training.

In Kngland you have got cadet

schools, don't you? Ours started

at an earlier age because of circumstances. If I had had the time

to plan it more carefullyI would

have set an age limit.

But since they are there (hey

are there. And, by the way, these

children will feel quite deprived if

they were removed or told they

are no longer in the army. They

are quite proud of it.

These people in Europe concerned about these children, do they

mean children in Europe do not

play with guns, do not belong to

the cadets, do not belong to the

Boy Scout movement?

What are all these? Are they

not all para-military? Are they

not? They are disciplined groups.

In any case, if you want to help

Ugandan children we have got

millions. We are not short of

children who don't hove help.

These (in the army) we have

already helped, so leave them

alone. Help those who don't have

anybody to help them. Tfiey are

plenty.I can even raisea million

with no fathers, no education,

helpless children, naked, halfnaked, what-have-you.

Q:— What is happening in the

northern part of Uganda?

A: —The situation in the north is

excellent.I am just coming from

there. We defeated these chaps in

.Innunry, as you all know. They

ran to the Sudan, then somehow

the Sudanese Government

allowed them to come back with

arms in August.

They raided us...it is along

story. Their aim was to capture

towns— Gulu, Kitgum, and

other small trading centres

where we had small units.

The raids went on for some

time. In September, there wasa

mistake by one of our units,

knowns as the 35th Battalion,

which we had originally organised

from UFM (Uganda Freedom

Movement) fellows.

It was ata place called

Namukola, to the east, of Kitgum.

Some of those fellows

collaborated with the enemy and

abandoned their weapons. We

did not react immediately. We

waited till they came to Kitgum

and we destroyed them.

We thought they were stupid so

we allowed them to come and

attack us. There we launched an

offensive to clear th'em out of

places like Namukola, Kitgum,

Matidi and others.

The problem is that the border

with the Sudan is near, about 2,1

miles away, and it. is open so

anyone can wulk in and out.

When we controlled the trading

centres, east of Kitgum, they

wanted to cut. off our forces.

They shifted south-east of

Kitgum. We shifted forces also.

On Christmas Day they attacked

one of our units ata place called

1'achur. They were repulsed with

heavy casualties.

Faced with persistent, defeats

since August, they resorted to

mysticism.A woman by the name

of Alice Lakwen came up and told

them: "You see, you are being

defeated because they were not

performing ceremonies,

witchcraft' and so on".

She said: "If you slaughter

goats and tie your hands this and

that, way, and use this magic,

bullets will not penetrate your

bodies."

This wasa desperate move on

their part to maintain the morale

of their soldiers. It happened in

the Maji Maji rebellion in Tanzania against the Germans and in

the Mlelc rebellion in Zaire.

Even in our own situation,

when we were in Luwero,

primitive doctors would always

come up to tell me the war was

dragging on because we had not

performed ceremonies.I did not

take them seriously.

They could come and slaughter

goats and perform ceremonies,

but1 would tell my soldiers not to

believe these chaps.I combat ted

it. deliberately in our movement.

That is why it. succeeded.

But. these chaps believed it and

Lakwena became the priestess of

.this group. So Last Wednesday

(January 14).

They attacked us ata place

called Corner Kilak, 20 miles

south of Kitgum. They came in,

wild, singing and shouting. Our

people massacred those chaps.

In the hiorning they killed 202

— the dead bodies we counted

-physically. In the afternoon, our

people also relaxed, but partly

because our people are also not

immune to this belief in

witchcraft, though we were combatting it.

When they came back in the

afternoon, our soldiers panicked.

These people penetrated part of

the defence. And that caused confusion. So our forces withdrew

three miles south of the position

and re-established their defence

there. They then reorganised

them. We were more in number

than that particular group, which

had about 3,000 men.

This gave usa very good

chance because they exposed

themselves. So on Sunday we

surrounded them and massacred

them. We massacred them very

badly. We have already counted

350 bodies. We captured 900 guns

and other weapons.

They had gathered together,

saying they wanted to go and

capture Kampala. They are just

empty heads. One of the people

confirmed killed isa chap called

Eric Odwar. He was one of the

biggest so-called commanders,

one of the leaders. The priestess

may also have died. There isa

woman's body we cannot identify.

It wasa big blow for them. This

week alone we have captured over

1,000 rifles and other weapons

from them. Not froma store, but

from the people. Not an easy job.

Q: What do you feel the role

of your army is likely to be this

coming year?

A: Our role is still to wipe out'

our insecurity because we have

now destroyed these groups in

the north, this Lakwena woman

has helped us by bringing them

together. She did usa favour.

I am not saying they are all

finished. There are other groups.

But it would be difficult to

recover from this blow. In any

case, we now havea very big force

there which can hunt down these

small groups.

This Eric Odwar was not the

worst element, in that gang andI

am very sorry myself that he has

died. There are all sorts of opportunists who use these poor

chaps... foreign interests .... it is

sad.

But we are going to stop this

weakness. We are going to wipe

out all sorts of weaknesses in our

country to make it cohesive. If we

have to eliminate these by force,

we will do it. T he s e chaps are

b ei ng

exploited. Like this Eric Odwar

... he was being exploited. He was

in the Sudan. He came back two

weeks ago. He managed to geta

few guns in the Sudan. NowI

don't know whether he got it from

officials or whom.

And he came with them with

the idea that he was going to

capture power. Very stupid ideas.

He is being used. Foreign

interests want to keep brewing

trouble in Uganda.

We've paid up

33
For ns long as t here is trouble in

Uganda we remain weak. Then

we can continue begging this big

man, and that big man. But this

is not going to happen.

Q: When is the government,

going to import enough hoes

and other farm inputs so that

farmers can produce enough?

A: These are being imported.

They are on the way. We have

imported seven million hoes from

China. They are arriving in

batches of HOO.CXX). They were

supposed to come las! year. But

:my Minister for Commerce, Mr

Kvnristo Nanzi, refused to import

the hoes. It is only after he was

removed that the actual papers

were finalised.

We are in the process of

importing tractors. We want

every two gombololas to have one

import trucks by April. Also we

would import trucks, which are

very important. We are going to

import several hundred trucks.

We have already paid for them.

Q: You talked about foreign

interests involved in the

rebellion in the north. Arc these

tribal?

A: There is no tribal aspect.

One of the commanders I

promoted yesterday for heroic

action is an Acholi. Those who

were hoping to use tribalism will

have to look for another card.

Tribalism is not going to work

with NBA.

AM theso traitors we are

arresting or destroying are going

along that line. Africa has been

hurt by all these so-called tribes.

They are being used as weapons

in the hands of those who want to

keep us weak.

And we in National Resistance

Movement have been against it

and have waged a long deliberate

war against it. So much so that

when we went to the bush, these

bankrupt elements tried to use it

to weaken our force. And whoever

tries il is knocked off. Tribalism

is not-going, to work with us.

The.ttuesüon of foreign forces

does- not)ujorry me. If they want

they can intervene and back

whoevgfethay.wänt to back. And

we will.cleatwith him like we have

dealt With ©dutar. So it is not my

business to beg these foreign

forces not to intervene. If they

want they can intervene.

After all, it is not for the foreign

forces to guard Uganda's borders.

It is for us to guard those borders.

I will not waste my time moaning

and beseeching the foreign forces

from intervening. Let them intervene if they want. We are going to

organise against them.

Q: Do you believe that

Ugandans abroad arc organising against your Government?

A: Yes. Definitely. (Mara

UtuiiiHi. Obotc. Peter Otai, chaps

in Nairobi like Wilson Okwenje.

Tito Okello is not involved in

this. Basilio is, but I am told he is

sick, yet he is also trying. There

are other opportunists like

Oinwony Ojwok. Kclward

Uugumayo is also trying to flirt

with them.

Q: You have been in office

now for almost a yenr. What

ard you proud of as your

achievement? What do you

think you would have done a lot

better?

A: The most, important thing

is security in the southern and

eastern areas. There is complete

security. People arc completely

relaxed. They feel secure.

On commodities

We have other things, like

restoring the airline, and

individual projects. But we think

we would have done better, for

instance on commodities.

Although we had a difficult

situation, if our officials had been

dedicated and followed up our

projects of acquiring commodities, the situation would

hrfve improved even more.

They have been trying to

frustrate us on that line. They

have been resisting barter trade.

They did not like the idea when

we brought it up. They have been

resisting. As a result some things

have been delayed. But these are

small points.

Strategically, the situation is

excellent, even for the economy.

We used the year for the analysis

of the economy and projects, and

for discussions with bodies ;ich

as the IMF, the World Bank, and

I think now we are getting closer

to an understai ling with these

bodies. And we have more clarity

in our own minds. So 1986 was

not wasted at all.

Q: In what areas are you

likely to have new policy directives as you move into your

second'year in office?

A; We are working out the

investment plan. It is supposed to

be finalised and that will be the

biggest single policy issue we

shall have resolved. The rest is

consolidation of security and so

on.

Q: What measures do you

plan for strengthening the

Ugandan shilling? Currently,

KShlOO fetches more than

USlitiO.OOO.

A: 1 know. But what determines the strength of a currency

are the commodities available iii

that economy. In order to

strengthen the currency we will

have, first, of all, to provide these

commodities and take other

measures. It will definitely

improve.

Fortunately, the economy of

Uganda is sound because of its

agriculture. And we are very

frugal. We save all our foreign

exchange. That is why we are

able, for instance, to equip our

army with weapons and oilier

things.

The airline has been restored

with our own money. Mtilagu

Hospital has been rehabilitated

in part and with our monev.

There arc factories like Nvlil

Textiles and others. We have

something else to boast about.

We are current in our debt

repayment. We are verv proud of

that.

In addition to debt repayment,

we are able to save a little monev

to do one or two things here anil

there - Uganda blankets - with

our own money. We have not got

any aid as yet. With clarity of

mind and frugality on our side. I

think, we can manage.

And if we improve our foreign

exchange earning capacity by

exporting other crops than just

coffee, which is coine to bannen

this year, things will be okay.

Q: You have been advocating

the barter system. How many

countries have you reached

agreements with?

(V: Many countries. The

only problem now is that we don't

have any commodities to barter.

And some of our own people are

playing games and not clinching

some of the deals.

^ We have concluded a deal with

Cuba for sugar and pharmaceuticals, with Egypt on salt

and pharmaceuticals,' and other

things, with Libva for oil with

Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Yugoslavia.

Now I am talking.with Ceneral

Motors of America, we rirc discussing with Italy. The list is

inexhaustible. Our problem is

cadreship. We don't have fellows

who know what they arc doing.

This is a big problem.

We have people who can fight.

But there are certain things

like the economy where we need

other chaps and those who are

there are not equal to the job.

Many of them are not.

So we are combating that

problem, trying to have cadres

capable of running the economy

But we don't have things to

barter. We need more things

more crops. '

Q: What do you think about the

missionary activities in

Uganda?

A: They are all right. Me, 1 am

not a churchman, and I don't

bother myself with that side

34
Q: Some of them claim to have

very close links with the NRM.

A: That is impossible. We are not

priests. They are priests. They

are talking about.life after here.

For us we are fighting criminals

here. So what is the point of conflict? If they are claiming so then

they are not serious.

Only one occasion in the north

did they have communication

radios. So we said: "No, you can t

use communication radios of your

own. If you want to send

messages you send them through

the army. If you have got genuine

messages about God, there is no

secret, we can send a message for

you."

If they thought that was

ungodly, and felt we were

stopping them from talking about

(Jod then I am amazed because

that is the only time 1 have ever

heard about that kind of thing.

We said we have army radios.

"You write the message in

English then we will send it to

NRA headquarters and they will

give it to whoever you want, even

if it is the Italian embassy."

After all, it is a free service. We

don't interfere with religious

affairs. We don't think religious,

affairs are state matters. But if

religion interferes with state

matters then we must act.

Q: There have been reports of

the NHA carrying out a

scotched-earth policy in the

north, and of drunk soldiers

harassing and even robbing

civilians. What would you say

to that?

A: I don't think we are destroying

people's crops. We may be

destroying rebel stores. About

drinking, yes there have been

some trouble. We have been

trying to stop our soldiers and

officers from drinking in public

places. We have dismissed some.

We have imprisoned others. But

they are still drinking. That is

true.

We killed many

About robberies, it is difficult

to say. The situation is confused..

We have so many guns around.

Some of them would take advantage of like in Gulu, where there

are so many soldiers. A lot of,

them are armed all the time.

There may be a possibility of

indiscipline here and there.

Q: There are reports that some

soldiers are killing civilians.

A: No, I don't think that is true.

We never kill civilians. If civilians

are mixed up with these people,

that may happen. I remember a

case when soldiers were fired on

from the compound of someone

whom 1 know. Our people hred

back and 16 civilians died in that

incident. In that kind ofsituation

it is possible.

But to say the army can go out

deliberately to kill civilians, that

is impossible. When it has happened we have arrested the«

people concerned.

Q: You mentioned a little while

ago some people trying to

tiverthrow your government

and said some of them are

based in Nairobi. Have you

liken up the matter with

Kenyan authorities and what

have been their reaction?

A: 1 have taken it up with them

and they have promised me that

they will throw these chapB out. If

they haven't it is because they

have their own reasons.

* What I want you to note is that

we shall guard our'own borders.

We don't depend on neighbouring

' governments to guard the borders

for us.

But, for the sake of good

neighbourliness, it would be

better if we didn't have to be

angry over this issue of criminals

here going to Nairobi or to some

other place. But we shall guard

our borders.

Q: Will you comment on the

situation in Karamoja?

A: Excellent. We gavethe cattle

rustlers a bloody nose. They have

now scattered. We have a lot of

security in Teso and south

Karamoja now. We have two

groups of cattle raiders running

around. But. we are chasing them.

In Karamoja they are law

abiding people. Elders are tired of

rustlers and are law-abiding. The

women are tired of cattle raiding

because they are losing husbands.

The educated people, including

primary school teachers and

other enlightened people, are

against cattle raiding.

So the only people for cattle

raiding are the armed robbers

who are mainly young people who

want to get rich quickly. By the

end of this year, there will be

little problem of insecurity there.

Q: There have been reports that

your soldiers torture prisoners.

Can you comment on that?

A: 1 don't know about this torture

business. 1 have educated myself

on many things but on that one 1

have not known the boundary

between what is torture and what

isn't torture. 1 know they tie these

people when they catch them.

They tie their hands backwards. I

am now being told that is torture.

It is the traditional method

here. In Europe they tie you with

hand cuffs. They were brought by

Europeans here. We don't have

electric shock equipment here.

We don't have things to remove

nails. All those things we hear of

in Europe we don't have them

here.

Q: In the past regimes the rule

of law more or less collapsed.

How far have you gone into reestablishing the rule of law?

A: I think there is a reasonable

degree of security in these areas,

which have not been disturbed.

Even in the areas which have

been disturbed people are living

cordially with the security forces.

in areiis liVr f-uVi -:I'. :' •:;

living peocettiHv. TV' c

;

s

scrupulous respect of hum;'.n

rights.

Generally speaking — bearing

in mind we have a new structure

in the place of what has been

destroyed and thot we don't have

enough vehicles and the

necessary tools of maintaining

security for everybody -- I think

the situation is excellent.

Q; Beading the papers, there

seem to be a conflict between

the police and the army about

«rh» should have what righti

and whether tho arm;/ ihoulil

wield power over th') court:).

YVhut would you say to that?

A: There is some controversy

about that. The soldiers feel that

the police are not serious with the

criminal elements and that they

are corrupt. That is a healthy

contradiction. I don't think it is

bad that someone insists that

criminals be punished.

Criminals have been getting

away with crimes, for so many

years in Uganda the army was the

one letting off criminals. Now it is

the one insisting that criminals

be punished. It is very good for

Uganda. It is a very good thing.

And if it is an argument

between the army and the police,

one saying that you must be more

vigorous in dealing with

criminals, that is all right. I sec

nothing wrong with that.

<J: Isn't it possible that the

army may be trying to play the

police, the prosecutor and the

judge? •

A: No, no. The army is not the

judge. It is the police, yes,

because the police force was

wiped out by all these problems

We now have only about 3,000. S(

it is undermanned. The army had

to come in. It happened in all

countries, there is a time when

the army assumes the duty of

internal security.

A lot of money

But we are not judges. The

army has never sat as a judge in

any case. But the soldiers insist

that cases, especially of robbers

and murderers, should be

prosecuted — that they should

not be let off.

Q: Do you intend to give back

the.policc its powers?

35
A: Yes. We are now training a

new police force. Once it is adc3ua_te it will assume all the

uties. The army will be happy to

leave all this. But for now a lot of

people will suffer if the army

moved out of maintaining

security.

Q: When is the new currency

going; to be Introduced? And

how effective is it likely to be

compared with the present

currency?

A: You will not need a lot of

money when the new currency

comes into effect. But I will not

five you any details because then

will defeat the purpose of the

exercise. You will see it. You just

wait.

Q: When the war in the north ia

over what will you do with the

army?

A: We will produce and wait for

future wars. The size of our army

will be determined by those who

make war against us.

Q: Are you not worried that the

army will create problems for

you?

A: If they overthrow me I will go

home and do my work. I have got;

my land to till; But we shall use

them for production, to produce

cotton. We have already started.

We haye huge farms in Luwero,

Tororo. arid in the north. We

expect to earn $40 million in hard

currency from the farms.

Q: What are you doing to

rehabilitate former soldiers

who could easily fall prey to

opportunists?

A: We have, rehabilitation

programmes in which we will

assist the former soldiers to

settle, give them help and

agricultural machinery. "You

can't say whoever has been a

soldier should always remain in

the army.

A: Have you had much success

in combating smuggling?

A: Yes. Smuggling has somewhat

declined. It is not as much as it

used to be. I have no figures, but I

know for instance that we have

fulfilled our coffee quota. I think

we were supposed to take 2.6

million bags.

By last. October, when they

enumerated the system, we hnd

already taken out. 2.4 million

bags, and we still hnd more in

stock, though we only came, in in

January. That means smuggling

has declined.

Q: Peasants are having

problems trying to sell their

produce in neighbouring districts. They can't pass through

roadblocks, yet the arganisations supposed to buy the

produce arc not doing so and it

ends up rotting.

A: 1 am very infuriated by that. I

that these people are not buying

the crops of peasants. But there

arc two problems. One is

transport, which we are going to

resolve.

The othe one is crop finnncing.

The banks have not been giving

enough credit to buying agencies.

That one we are also going to

resolve. The other is just that the

officials are not serious. That one

will need a lot of pushing around

and threatening.

/13104

CSO: 3400/31

36
MM TO EMPHASIZE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 24 Jan 87 p 20

[Article by Peter Nsubuga]

UGANDA

[Text]

Uganda has considerable potential for development of its

agricultural resources. The

country is gcnera'ly well endowed

with good land and this, coupled

with favourable attributes -

productive soil, ample rainfall,

water reservoirs in many lakes.,

rivers and swamps, diversified

ecological zone — provide a

suitable basis for the promotion

of different types of agricultural

enterprises.

However, in the last two

decades, all these potential had

been wasted due to continued

atrocities that forced hundreds of

t housands of Uganda us - - most ly

the farmers in the rural areas —

to abandon them due to

insecurity in their areas.

Since the NKM government

came to power a year ago.

Ugandans have returned to (heir

areas to resume their agricultural

activities. It is well known that in

Uganda, agriculture plays a

dominant role in the count ry"-

economy.

In view of this therefore, the

NKM government recently set up

a census to establish the exact

role of agriculture in the country's

development.

It was Established that

agriculture contributes 50 per

cent of GDI*, 90 per cent of the

country's total ex|x>rt earnings

and provides income to as many

as 9M per cent of the total |>npulation.

It is interesting to note (hat

most of the agricultural activities

take place in (he small-holder

sector comprising the 14

'million people while the overall

agricultural exports account for

60 per cent of government tax

revenue. •'

i Given -the above scenario

therefore, the NKM government

is wurking ona two-fold' poiicy

package that will stand nm

•clearly to be adopted to increase

production especially of nontraditional export-crops such as

maize, beans, soya and so on.

The packages include (11)

Productivity policy package -■■

this includes adaptive research.

extension services and input

supply. The second p'acka'ge -

incentive policy package

TT- include pricing, marketing

storage and transport.

The government further

believes that in order to. increase

production ' research is a

must and needs to be funded

properly and on a programme

basis with effective inter-links

between research efforts and

extension system and farm community on the other.

K«)cus on research will be on

crop improvement; plant and

animal health; seed production;

food science, nutrition and

research and economics of farm

mechanisation.

It is also the NKM government's

contention that .improved labour

saving technologies are needed to

provide farmers with higher per

capital income. This however

requires inputs in three areas

namely expanded and more

effective research and extension ol

technological improvements:

increased use of tools, implements and agro-chemicals inputand above all improved distribu-1

lion sv&tem.

Under the wise leadership of

President Yoweri Museveni. I he

government economic and financial oolicies and strategies ore

being designed towards inter alia,

modernising the agricultural

sector so as to increase production

and productivity.

Agriculturalists in Uganda who

are prepared to assist the NKM

'government in all its agricultural

improvements, believe that the

.introduction of improved

technologies including the use of

improved seeds, better farm

implements and agro-chemicals

are so vital in promoting

agricultural production.

The Ministry of Agriculture,

based iif Entebbe, has already

established a credit scheme to

enable farmers to have access to

investible funds for raising

production. Under this scheme

more money will be required for

research on food production and

more investible funds will he

spent in food harvesting and

storage techniques to reduce post

harvest losses.

The Ministry has also set up 11

concrete plan known as "Strategy

of the Investment Plan 1986/87 to

1990" to activate various sectors of

the economy to attain higher

production per capita.

The main thrust of (lie investment plan is to develop the

agricultural sector which constitutes the base of Uganda's

economy by applying methods of

scientific husbandry and

technology appropriate to respective crop, size of operation and

resources.

One can rightly say that one of

the most achievements the NKM.

37
/13104

CSO: 3400/31

government has made in

agricultural sector is the new

ventured known äs the Uganda

Agricultural' Finance Agency

(UAFA). . A financial agricultural agency.

UAFA will;mould itself as a

progressive development finance

institution to facilitate innovation and adoption of scientific

farm practice, education of

farmers to! increase agricultural

production in the country.

Set up with a substantial

capital base, the institution will

have accessto the money market

to facilitate transferor funds from

the banking system to the farm

credit system thereby providing a

viable lending base to the

farmers. " '" :

The NRM government believes

that in order for the rlew institution to have recource to financial

«sources and expertise of the

hanking system as a whole, it

should be a joint venture for all

commercial banks and other

interested organisations. -

Among other objectives, the

UAFA will also aim at the extension of credit facilities to small

farmers ''oh .sound and

businesslike lines. "' ""

Arrangements have already

been made that the bank of

Uganda through its guaranteed

scheme will, guarantee 75 per cent

of the possible default • by the

small farmers under , the loan

system. The' small farmers will

not be 'required to produce

security against loans advanced

to themi |S;>. ,

The planning of integrated

zonal programmes emphasises

development of a farm as a whole

— its land, crops, livestock,-,

water, ;forestry, soil andr- the.

farmer.find His family — in short

improvement'of rural life.

38
ZAMBIA

PRIME MINISTER CRITICIZES IMF POLICY

MB170620 Dakar PANA in English 1841 GMT 16 Feb 87

[Text] Lusaka, 16 Feb (ZANA/PANA)—Zambian Prime Minister Kebby Musokotwane

today called on the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to

re-examine their lending policies and critically appraise their re-adjustment

programmes for developing countries.

He also urged the international community to give serious thought to the

cancellation of some debts of developing countries.

The International Monetary Fund, he said, should seriously consider making its

credit terms more favourable if developing countries are to achieve the

objectives of their re-adjustment programmes.

The premier was speaking when he officially opened as ECA/MULPOC

[Multinational Operational Centre for the Programming and Execution of

Projects] high level seminar on structural adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Mr Musokotwane said although the developing countries accept the need for

policy reform leading to structural [words indistinct] people because of the

critically short time in which they are applied and expected to yield desired

results.

He pointed out that the economic problems of Sub-Saharan Africa countries are

of structural nature and require fundamental long term policy measures which

have due regard for the human element.

He stressed that over-enthusiastic approaches to reform programmes would lead

to dire political and social consequences which might delay or even reverse

the adjustment efforts.

There is need to be mindful of the organic linkages between economics and

politics which are at the core of the restructuring process.

It would be unfortunate for the IMF and World Bank to employ economic policies

as tools which would destroy the ideologies designed to help build developing

countries, Mr Musokotwane added.

39
He called on the IMF and World Bank to monitor the economic policies of

industrial countries more closely and mediate by encouraging and enabling the

flow of financial and other resources in adequate amounts rather than

concentrating on policy measures of developing countries alone.

Mr Musokotwane said there is need for continued support of the international

community in the form of enhanced flows of donor assistance and quick

concessional loans.

The international community, he said, should give serious thought to the

cancellation of some debts of developing countries because it will be

difficult for the re-adjustment process to succeed against the environment of

their larger debt burdens.

He observed the debt re-scheduling on significantly better terms and

cancellation of some of the debts would assist developing countries towards

true and more permanent economic recovery.

Mr Musokotwane described the IMF credit terms as very difficult to fulfill

because many countries have tended to fall into arrears on repayments and the

suspension of drawing rights only aggravates the balance of payments problems.

He called on the fund to take a keen interest in the difficult task of

institutional reform required to make the adjustment process effective where

appropriate loan funds should be available to support such reforms. Mr

Musokotwane said the IMF should also review its lending conditions in view of

the difficulties of the poorest countries in securing access to its resources

and the consequent effects on the distribution of incomes.

/9599

CSO: 3400/26

40
ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

TRANSPORT AID SOUGHT FROM EEC—President Kaunda has asked the European Economic

Community to help the country improve its transport sector. The president

said racist South Africa was set on destroying important infrastructure like

roads and railways in southern.Africa so that the independent countries would

continue to depend on her routes. He told the EEC vice president, Lorenzo

Natali, at State House that southern Africa is going through grave difficulties (?brought about) by underdevelopment and South Africa s policy of

destabilization. Mr Natali has been attending the annual delegation in Botswana of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference [as heard]

[Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 8 Feb 87 MB] /6662

WESTERN FUNDS FOR RAILROAD UPGRADE—Western donors today assured the TanzaniaZambia Railway Authority, TAZARA, of additional funds to rehabilitate the

railway line to serve countries in east, central, and southern Africa. TAZARA

board of directors chairman Comrade Medison Nyoni told reporters at the end of

a 2-day meeting in Dar es Salaam that the donors' response to the TAZARA s

emergency needs has been positive and encouraging. TAZARA needs more than

$129,000 in emergency traffic requirements from the landlocked east, central,

and southern African states. This state has been necessitated by the

diversion of cargo from South African port to the Dar es Salaam port. [TextJ

[Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 14 Feb 87] /9599

MOZAMBIQUE REFUGEES FLEE INTO CHADIZA—The number of Mozambican refugees who

are fleeing from rebel attacks In that country's eastern province has now

scaled up to more than 29,000. Provincial member of the Central Committee,

Comrade Chibesa Kankasa, said today that the fleeing refugees are now camped

In Katete, Chadiza, and (Tovezas), where they are being looked after by a Red

Cross society in conjunction with district authorities. Comrade Kankasa

blamed the racist South Africa for its destabilization policies which had

caused the problems Mozambique and other Frontline states are currently

facing. Last week, it was reported that 4,766 Mozambican refugees, who

included government officials, had arrived in Chidiza running ««fy* »

1

^

harassment of bandits. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT

16 Feb 87] /9599

CSO: 3400/26

41
IRAN SAID READY TO PROVIDE OIL ADVISERS

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Jan 87 p 3

[Text]

ZIMBABWE

/9317

CSO: 3400/946

IRANIAN oil experts could soon

be arriving in Zimbabwe to begin

preliminary studies on the construction of a new oil refinery at

Mutare.

The Iranian ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Farhad Shahabi, last

week told the Gazette: "We have

communicated the views of the

Zimbabwe Government with

regard to the new refinery. When

a response has been obtained from

Teheran, and approval obtained

from the Zimbabwe Government,

the date for their arrival should be

set for the very near future.

"The Ministry of Oil in Teheran

has communicated to us its readiness for the dispatch of a technical delegation to study the situation at the old refinery, and also

plans for the new refinery as set by

the Zimbabwe Government," he

said.

US$400 MILLION

The cost of building a new

refinery to process light and heavy

crude oil has been estimated at

about US$400 million, of which

about 10% has been pledged by

Iran. However, this amount is still

to be approved by the Iranian

Parliament, said Mr Chahabi.

The Minister of Energy, Water

Resources arid Development, Mr

Kumbirai Kangai, last year said

that the government had decided

to build a new multi-purpose oil

refinery at Feruka to process light,

heavy, and any crude oil for Zimbabwe and neighbouring states.

The old refinery, constructed

during the 1960s and opened in

1964, could not be rehabilitated,

said Mr Kangai. The refinery itself

has been mothballed since, but its

storage tanks have been used for

the refined fuels pumped through

the pipeline from Beira, particularly since extensive damage was

suffered by the storage facilities in

Beira inflicted by South Africansponsored dissidents.

42
ZIMBABWE

NEGOTIATIONS UNDERWAY BETWEEN ROMANIA, IDC FOR SHEET GLASS PROJECT

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Jan 87 p 5

[Text]

NEGOTIATIONS between the

Industrial Development Corporation (IDO, and Centrala Masini

Textile (CMT), a parastatal of the

Romanian Ministry of Foreign

Trade, for the implementation of a

$30 million sheet glass project at

Kadoma are now at an advanced

StäCCa

The project will be financed

from equity and IDC commercial

loans. In the initial years of operation, it is estimated the plant will

produce 6 500 tonnes ofsheet glass

per year.

The projects controller of the

IDC, Dr M C Goromonzi, this

week told the Gazette: "We are at

the moment negotiating the contract of implementation with the

Romanians.

BUILT-IN CAPACITY

"The project will be 80% based

on indigenous raw materials, such

as dolomite, limestone, feldspar

and silica sand, which are locally

available. This is a project that will

go a long way to improve the housing arid construction industry in

Zimbabwe. The plant we will build

also has a built-in capacity to take

care of what export markets may

arise," he said.

The project will employ a total

of 177 people, and will represent

foreign exchange savings of $2 million per year. In addition to taking

"some equity" in the project, the

Romanians will also offer technical assistance, said Dr Goromonzi.

Meanwhile, four other projects

investigated by the IDC are well on

course; including the $250 million

Chisumbanje sugar/ethanol

project, which is now awaiting

government approval.

Following the completion of a

feasibility study early last year by

a team of overseas consultants, the

IDC- made its recommendations to

the government on the project, said

Dr Goromonzi.

International tenders have now

been invited for the chemical pulp

and paper project, and these are expected at the end of March. "It is

our hope that immediately after

the tenders come in, we will be able

to appraise the project, and hopefully choose a main contactor for

the implementation stage.

"I must emphasise that this

project is very much on course,

and it is going ahead as was originally planned. There is no intention to abandon the project at all,"

he said. .

On the liquid packaging project.

Dr Goromonzi said: "It is an attempt to produce a unitary packaging system into the country.

However, that project itself depends on the local existence of

chemical pulp. The liquid board,

which is the raw material for this

packaging, must be available

locally.

PRESERVATION

"But basically, the whole idea of

the liquid packaging project is to

have a packaging that can preserve

milk, fruit juices, and other liquids

for a longer period of time without

refrigeration, and thus improve the

distribution of these products in die

rural areas as well as open up possible export markets for various

dairy products."

The upgrading of personnel

skills at the Zimbabwe Glass In

dustries (Zimglass) plant in Gwcru

is continuing, with the training of

Zimglass staff at Gweru and in Bri

tain. This programme is being undertaken with Rockware International of Britain, said Dr

Goromonzi.

/9317

CSO: 3400/945

43
ZIMBABWE

INFORMATION MINISTER PLEDGES SUPPORT FOR MOZAMBIQUE

MB071328 Dakar PANA in English 1215 GMT 7 Feb 87

[Text] Dar es Salaam, 7 Feb (SHIHATA/PANA)—Zimbabwe has reiterated that

it will not allow the self-style National Resistance Movement (MNR) to take

over power in Mozambique.

Zimbabwe's minister for information and telecommunications, Nathan Shamuyarira,

said in Dar es Salaam yesterday that Zimbabwe will never allow the Frelimo

Government to be toppled by the South African-backed MNR bandits. We don't

want to see the Frelimo government fall because in Zimbabwe we will be

threatened, he stressed.

Shamuyarira, who was speaking at the University of Dar es Salaam where he

taught for many years before the independence of Zimbabwe, said the major

priority of Zimbabwe and other frontline countries was to flush out the MNR

in Mozambique. The minister said if the MNR were allowed to assume power in

Mozambique this would pose a threat to all the Frontline States from the

South African regime.

Shamuyarira, who was giving a public talk on the "Struggle in Southern Africa

After the Death of Samora Machel," noted that there was now a growing military confrontation in Southern Africa between South Africa and its henchmen

and the forces of liberation. He blamed the United States and Britain for

their continued support to the racist regime and bandit groupings in the

region.

Referring to the tragic death of Samora Machel, the Zimbabwean minister accused Pretoria of having a hand in the plane accident which killed the late

president last October. He said evidence by the international commission of

enquiry formed to investigate into the circumstances leading to the plane

crash has indicated that racist South Africa was involved. "Although there

is no evidence that the plane was shot at, there is evidence that the plane

was technically sabotaged by South Africa," he said. He said a few minutes

before the plane was to land at Maputo airport, communications between the

pilot and the airport control tower broke down, indicating that there was

jamming of the control tower by South Africa. He added that even the evidence

44
after the incidence arising from the behaviour of the South African officials

at the crash scene indicated Pretoria's involvement.

[Words indistinct] The question of sanctions against South Africa, the

minister, who was here to attend the ruling party (CCM) [Chama Cha Mapinduzi]

celebrations said sanctions would be effective if they were imposed [passage

indistinct] if some countries continued to collaborate with the racists.

Shamuyarira said Zimbabwe was now looking (?for) alternative routes for its

goods in anticipation of South African retaliation against the country after

the imposition of sanctions.

He praised the people of South Africa, particularly the youth, for their high

level of political consciousness which, he said, was an important factor in

the struggle against apartheid.

/6662

CSO: 3400/4

45
ZIMBABWE

BANANA CONFIRMS INTENTION TO IMPOSE SANCTIONS

MB131813 Harare Domestic Service in English 1600 GMT 13 Feb 87

[Text] The president, Comrade Canaan Banana, says Zimbabwe will continue to

coordinate and plan with other nations the implementation of sanctions against

the apartheid regime in South Africa.

Comrade Banana said this when he addressed more than 50 diplomats at a

reception held for them at State House in Harare today. Zimbabwe, he said, is

scrutinizing [word indistinct] agreement on sanctions against South Africa

which will enable South Africa's trading partner to sever links with that

regime.

The president also commended the liberation movements in South Africa and

Namibia, saying they have achieved impressive successes in the armed struggle

and on the diplomatic front during the course of last year.

On the Middle East the president said that the people of Palestine have found

themselves the victims of Zionist aggression and persecution and also violent

attacks from other factional forces within a confused and troubled region. He

said Zimbabwe is committed to the Palestinian cause, adding that the Zimbabwe

government will continue to support the Palestine Liberation Organization in

its struggle against the evil system of Zionism.

President Banana also spoke about the Gulf war saying the conflict remains a

prime concern for Zimbabwe and the Nonaligned Movement and called on the

belligents to stop fighting forthwith.

/9599

CSO: 3400/29

46
ZIMBABWE

AFRICAN COUNTRIES NOW SECOND LARGEST MARKET FOR NATION'S TOBACCO

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE (Farming) in English 23 Jan 87 p 29

[Text]

LAST year's exports of local

tobacco to Africa increased 15%

over 1985, making the continent

Zimbabwe's second largest tobacco market, according to the Zimbabwe Tobacco Association's

latest quarterly bulletin.

The African continent bought

14% of Zimbabwean tobacco exports — 13 660 tonnes — compared with the European Economic Community's 50% share.

Zimbabwe's third largest marketing region, which includes all

non-EEC European countries and

Comecon, last year bought 15%

less local tobacco than during

1985. The region took 13% of

Zimbabwean tobacco exports.

"It is suspected that this decline

relates to a decrease in barter trade

with many of the Comecon countries," says the report, whose calculations are based on figures supplied by the Tobacco Marketing

Board.

Export permits issued for all

types of tobacco last year amounted to 96 957 tonnes, a 2% decrease

compared with 99 220 tonnes in

1985, the report says.

"Actual railings of tobacco leaving Zimbabwe (which differ slightly from export permits) reflected a

moderate 3% increase last year,

reaching a level of 102 354 tonnes.

"While this may be encouraging

it is perhaps below expectation

since Zimbabwe had a 9% increase

in actual crop size during 1986,"

says the bulletin.

The EEC remained the biggest

buyer on Zimbabwean tobacco

markets, taking advantage of this

country's duty-free status in the

EEC.

"Nevertheless the community's

share of the Zimbabwe market has

dropped by 2% mainly as a result

of reduced United Kingdom and

West German purchases. Belgium,

the Netherlands and Denmark increased their purchases during the

same year.

"Portugal returned to buy tobacco on the Zimbabwe market in

1986 (purchasing 1 614 tonnes),

thereby taking advantage of her

new EEC status, but Spain, who

also joined the EEC last year,

failed to take advantage of this

benefit."

Zimbabwean tobacco exports

scored gains in two areas apart

from Africa, namely in Oceania,

where they increased by 74% from

1 626 tonnes to 2 832 tonnes, and

the Far East where they increased

15% from 9 763 tonnes to 11 223

tonnes.

Export levels in 1986 were the

highest since 1982.

"But the transition between

1982 (80 180 tonnes) and last year

has been very slow when Zimbabwe so desperately needs market

penetration," says the report.

"However, the rise in exports

has been consistent with the larger increase in production.

"Export earnings during the

calendar year 1986 are expected to

47
/9317

CSO: 3400/945

be in the region of $430 million,

which if achieved will be an increase of 16% over the previous

year."

Tobacco in bolh manufactured

and unmanufactured form accounted for 24% of Zimbabwean

foreign exchange earnings in 1985.

• In the United States, health considerations, smoking restrictions

and taxation had a "negative impact" on cigarette production levels. Production peaked at 736,5 billion pieces in 1981, dropping to

665,3 billion in 1985. The department of agriculture forecast a slight

upturn in 1986 due to export gains.

Cigarette exports to major customer Belgium/Luxembourg doubled in the first six months of 1986

over the same period in 1985. with

total exports of 35 billion pieces up

18%.

The basic flue cured production

quota for 1987, at 321 million kg,

is down 3% from 1986's level. Undermarketings in 1986, mainly due

to bad weather, will result in an effective 1987 quota of 334,6 million

kg, or 17,3 million kg over 1986's

effective quota.

Early reports on the development of Brazil's 1987 flue-cured

crop are favourable, with produc

tion forecast at some 260 million

kg. Improvement of south Brazil's

crop, to enhance exports and keep

up with home demand, is still an

objective.

Despite last season's drought total tobacco exports in the first half

of 1986 (87 938 tonnes) were up

21% over exports in the same period in 1987.

India's 1986 Andhra Pradesh

crop of 80,7 million kg sold for

about Z$l,57/kg, up 20% on

I985's price, mainly because the

crop was 10 million kg less than in

1985. The Karnataka crop yielded

some 21 million kg. considered one

of the better crops of recent years.

Sales got off to a slow start on

September 11 mainly because

farmers were holding back in an

ticipation of higher prices once the

market settled, following the disruption caused by public holidays.

A cigarette price hike in late

1986 hit sales and production fell,

although a slight upturn is expected this year in the face of competition from suppliers of the

informal-sector cigarettes, bhidls,

smoked by about seven-eighths of

consumers.

South Korea's 1986 flue cured

crop should total 57,2 million kg,

up 16% on 1985. Good growing

weather resulted in good yields of

"possibly the best tobacco

produced in years." Grower prices

went up 5% this year to

Z$6,41/kg.

Drought conditions in South

Africa led to a drop in production,

totalling 20,6 million kg.

48
ZIMBABWE

PROS, CONS OF ZANU/ZAPU UNITY, ETHNIC RIVALRIES ANALYZED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 21 Jan 87

[Text]

Prime Minister Robert Mugabe's policy of reconciliation between blacks and whites, inaugurated at

independence in 1980 after 10 years of bitter war, has

been an impressive success. Reconciliation among

blacks has not. Nevertheless the unification of Mugabe's Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU-PF)

and Joshua. Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's

Union (ZAPU) will soon be achieved. It will end the

period from late 1982 to 1986 during which the

ZANU government and party systematically and

often brutally harassed their former ZAPU allies.

Some time soon Zimbabwe will have a single ruling

party created by consensus. But it will beg the

question of how united the country really is.

The unity deal has been negotiated among top

politicians representing the main black language

groups as much as the two parties. Any doubts

about the ethnic basis of Zimbabwean politics were

removed in July 1985 when ZAPU swept the board

in Matabeleland and ZANU everywhere else. But

whereas Mugabe and his chief negotiator Political

Affairs Minister Maurice Nyagumbo have kepi

ZANU's 100-member centra! committee informed of

progress, ZAPU boss Nkomo has characteristically

kept his cards close to his chest. The main issues are

the name of the new party and the distribution of

top jobs.

The main benefit for ZANU will be the elimination

of the armed dissident problem. All the various

dissident groups in Matabeleland and the Midlands

operate to some extent under ZAPU cover. Its withdrawal will increase the villagers' willingness to

report dissidents, including the South African-sponsored 'Super-ZAPU', whose alleged leader Makalini

Guduza was returned from Botswana in early 1986

and is held incommunicado. Super-ZAPU was created bv South African recruiters at Dukwe refugee

camp in Botswana, working among Ndebele refugees

from the brutality of the Fifth Brigade and the

Presidential Guard in 1983-4. At present SuperZAPU is no more credible a threat than the National

Resistance Movement (RENAMO) was in Mozambique in the late 1970s. But, as with RENAMO.

they are the South African generals' only agents of

influence in Zimbabwe. Security Minister Emmerson

Munangagwa is well aware of the parallel. He is

therefore a strong supporter of the ZANU-ZAPU

unity talks. But even after party unification, dissident activity will continue at a lower level. Embittered young Ndebele nationalists will no doubt

regard Nkomo as having betrayed them to secure

jobs for a few top people. No doubt dissidents

will embarrass former ZAPU Commissar Dumiso

Uabengwa by urging him to lead them.

The disadvantage of unity for ZANU is that some

politicians will have to move down in the party

hierarchy to make way for new recruits from ZAPU.

Nkomo for example will not rank lower than number

three. Open opposition to unity is no longer acceptable behaviour, but those who opposed it in the

past, such as Home Affairs Minister Enos Nkala.

the only Ndebele in the top ZANU hierarchy «ill

probably return to the charge against Nkomo in

future. Nkala is most unpopular in Matabeleland on

account of his political police force PIS1. the Police

Internal Security and Intelligence unit, which is now

dormant in the area but is remembered lor \\-

past brutality. 'Pisi' means 'hyena' in the Ndebele

language. Other ZANU leaders opposed to unity

in the past include Information Minister Nathan

Shamuyarira and Foreign Minister Witness

Mangwende.

For ZAPU, the advantages are even more c\ident.

They will enjoy freedom from harassment by ci\il

49
and military authorities, to the general advantage of

the Ndebele-speaking provinces. The down-side is

largely psychological in the realisation that they will ,

be a permanent minority in a Shona-dominaied |

Zimbabwe. The Ndebele form about 20% of the !

population. This should not be underestimated since ;

there are many angry young Ndebele. But there is

no reason why relations between Shona and Ndebelespeakers, which were stable even when they were

bad, should not improve.

The same cannot be said for the Shona-speaking

groups within ZANU. The party is dominated by an

alliance of Zezuru (from around Harare) and Manica

(from the Eastern Highlands) at the expense of

the Karanga from Masvingo Province, who are the

largest single Shona-speaking group. Naturally, no

one admits to outsiders that tribal politics matter.

But it is universally acknowledged in .privaje.

THE COMMITTEE OK 26

This secret committee is dedicated to the pursuit of

Zezuru solidarity. It includes the following members:

Nathan Shamuyarira Int'ormation Minister

Witness Mangwende Foreign Minister

Enos Chikowore Local Government Minister

David Karimanzira Youth Minister

Chiviya Intelligence Chief

Henry Mukurazhizha Police Commissioner

Chisese Chief of Protocol

Charles Ndhlovu Head of Youth League

Elias Ru5ike Chairman of Mass Media Trust

Davidson Sadza Chairman, Zimbabwe Newspapers

Plus senior civil servants and businessman.

Not that all ZANU politicians are tribalist.

Mugabe, himself a Zezuru, genuinely rises above

ethnic considerations. So too does his fellow Zezuru,

the widely-respected Health Minister Sidney Sekeremayi, a rising star in the party. Most other Zezuru

politicians trade on the solidarity of their group to

fend off Karanga pressure for a bigger share of

power. Since 1985, they have formed a loose-knit

secret group called the Committee of 26 for the

purpose. The membership includes all the ministers

who oppose unity except Nkala. The Zezuru fear

that Nebele easing themselves into an enlarged party

would most likely ally themselves with the Karanga,

and tip the balance of power.

The Karanga have hitherto been led by Justice

Minister Eddison Zvogbo, chairman of ZANU in

Masvingo Province until deposed at a central committee meeting just before Christmas. He was the

victim of a carefully-prepared attack by Parliament

Speaker Didymus Mutasa, a Manica. The ostensible

reason for the sacking — drunkeness at a funeral

— is a cover for the real reason, the belief that he

heads not an administrative region but an ethnic

group. However some senior Karanga remain aloof

from tribalist politics, such as Munangagwa and

the highest-ranking Karanga, Deputy Prime Minister

Simon Muzenda, who uses his influence to avoid

tribalist confrontations. But among other Karanga,

including most members of parliament and central

committee members, feelings often run high.

No one forgets that ethnic tensions played a part

in each of the three armed revolts within ZANU

during the war against Rhodesia. The congress of

the ZANU Women's League in 1984 was the clearest

warning since independence that intra-Shona problems remained potent, when Zvogbo's wife Julia was

voted out of office by a straight Zezuru-Manica

coalition. Mugabe made a series of strong antitribalist speeches before the main party congress two

months later, at which the Karanga secured their

acceptable minimum of four politburo places after

heavy in-fighting. The issue boiled up again in April

1986 when Transport Minister Herbert Ushewokunze

was at the centre of a major Karanga-Zezuru row in

the central committee. Some senior ZANU members

were distressed to see the Zezuru showing less interest

in evidence of corruption and mismanagement in the

railways than in the fact that the person revealing it

was a Karanga member of parliament, Byron Hove.

Most worrying was the participation of the armed

forces commanders on their respective side of the

ethnic divide, Army Commander Rex Nhongo

defending Ushewokunze as fiercely as Chief of Staff

Major-General Sheba Gava and Air Force Commander Josiah Tungamirai attacked him. There were

subsequently some brawls in officers' messes arising

from discussion of the subject, and allegations about

Karanga unit commanders meeting politicians to

discuss their grievances as a group. The army remains

cohesive and efficient, but the point has been made

that relations can quickly become unstable and that

the group with the political grievance at the top, the

Karanga, are strongest in the army.

Although Ushewokunze and Zvogbo declared a

truce at the September central committee meeting,

to avoid both being dismissed, the year ended with

the former still in his ministerial job despite new

allegations of corruption and mismanagement over

the national airline, while the latter was forced out

of his provincial power-base, which constitutes a

new ground for Karanga grievance«

/9274

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50
ZIMBABWE

PROJECT IN LOWVELD COULD LEAD TO SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN WHEAT, RICE

Harare THE HERALD (Business) in English 29 Jan 87 p 5

[Text]

ONE of the most ambitious agricultural projects ever attempted in

Zimbabwe is the proposed

development of 40 000 ha

under both flood and

overhead irrigation at

Chlsumbnnjc in the Lowveld.

In 1981 the Agricultural and Rural Development! Authority

prepared plans to investigate and ascertain

the füll irrigation potential of the area. This exercise resulted In the

Atkins Report which was

submitted in 198» outlining the feasibility of

establishing an Irrigation

scheme comprising about

40 000 ha of irrigated

land and the construction

of a dam at Ohltowe on

the Save River to provide

water at a total cost of

more than ?1 billion.

According to the general manager of ARDA,

Dr Liberty Mhlanga, with

adequate funding for the

scheme, Zimbabwe could

well be self-sufficient In

wheat and rice production by the year 1990.

High temperatures and

very low erratic rainfall

makes .the area unsuitable for normal dryland cropping except on a

subsistence level which

demands the cultivation

of areas far In excess for

individual requirements

on account of the low

yields achieved during

most seasons.

However, initial soil

surveys carried out on

the flat grassland plain

of Chisumbanje covering

most of tlie Ndowoyo

communal lamd during

19G4 and 1973 confirmed

a potential of 40 000 ha

of irrigable soils. Water

for the purpose could be

obtained from the Save

River.

The history of .present

day Chteutrnbanje dates

back to 1953 when what

was then called the Department oif Native

Agriculture opened the

Chiflumb'an je äxr

perimental Station to

study Irrigation and crop

management problems on

the predominantly basalt

soils. This station in now

under the direction of the

Department of Specialist

Services u ndcr the

Ministry of Land».

Agriculture and Rural

Resettlement,

The Initial work carried

out at the Chisumbanje

station was of an exploratory nature, to tent

the wide variety of crops

and cultural practices.

The results, as described

In a report by Sir

Alexander Gitob and Partners, i "were most encouraging". Exceptionally

high yields of cotton,

wheat and sugar-cane

were obtained.

Realising the irrigation

potential of the excellent

soils, the Safol Umpopo

Authority, one of the

forerunners to Aid'a Initiated a i'e.velopnient

programme by establishing 025 hectares of flood

irrigated land in 1905.

The- project compi iscd

a pinnphouoe on the east

bank o!f Save River, a onekilometre long pipeline

delivering water into a

concrete-Uhedl canal and

delivery works to serve

the irrigated area. At the

same time, a 33 »iV

powerllne was brought

from Triangle to supply

electricity to the pump

station and housing area.

and an all-weather gravn

road, incorporating a

high-level bridge over the

Save River was constructed to link the

scheme to the railhead at

Chiredri, a distance, of

75 km. by mad.

In 1908, a fmti'ti

500 ha were developed as

the second stage of the

programme, culminating

~~in tli 13 further addition o«'

IZOOfia of stage III,

bringing the total Irrigated area, to 2 325 ha

in 1973.

The main crops grown

are cotton during summer and wheat In winter.

A nmnbor of other crops

such «8 groundnuts, soyabeans millet and maize

have also been produced

on the estate.

OtT the developed

2 400 ha of the. Scheme,

some 400 ha were .dlocated to n settlor

Bctieme. Individual

51
settlers arc allocated 3,4

or 6 ha depending on

their experience, ability

and whether they have

access to labour to assist

them with their fanning.

There is presently sufficient plots to accommodate 118 Settler-farmers.

The settler farmers

come under the control

and management of the

estate which provides ad~

ministration, land

preparation, marketing

and other services at cost

to the farmer. The

Agricultural Finance

Corporation provides

loans to ore settlers for

the operations and the

estate J.i credited with

expenses incurred by the

farmers.

Ohisumbaiuje Estate

forms only part of

AROA's involvement ill

the Lowveld. The authority is also responsible for

the 10 000 ha Middle

Sabl Estate, as well as

Nandi and Tsovane

Estates which are considerably smaller.

The Middle Sabl east

hank Irrigation scheme

was started in 19G8 by

the Salbl Limpopo

Authority on a fertile

shelf of alluvial soil on

the Save River. Of the

10 000 ha, 8000 were

commanded toy the canal

alignment and irrigation

layout adopted at the

time.

After extensive trials

on a large scale of tooth

overhead and flood irrigation, stage one of the

project comprising 2 311

ha was implemented, in

1970 followed by a

further 3 885 ha of the

second stage bringing

'total irrigated land to

6 190 ha. However, only a

small part of the. Hood irrigated land was retained.

In 1971, some 23 settler,

farmers were allocated

3 723 ha of irrigated land,

and the balance of ?. 473

ha was retained to be.

farmed by the authority.

A further sub-division of

some of .the original 23

settler farms has Riineo

taken place.

In line with the

Government policy on

resettlement, it is envisaged that the settlers

will eventually own the

land and.,building properties on which they have

been settled.'

Parti of the final development of Middle Sabi

Estate involving 405 ha

under overhead sprinkler

irrigation was completed

in 1979/80 and were allocated .to individual farmers in 10 ha units.

Middle iSabi und

Chisumbanje estates produced close to IB 000

tonnes of wheat and

12 000 tonnes of cotton

during the 1985/86

season. Tbc 5 000 ha

under wheat at the two

estates combined with the

production of settlers and

surrounding commercial

farms amounts to enough

wheat to meet Zimbabwe's national requirements for more than a

montAi.

Nandi Estate, one of

ARIDA's smaller estates

is situated ion the east

bank of Oliiredal River,

sonic 10 km: north of

Nandi Riding and 13 km

from Chiredzi Town. The

estate comprises a total

of 600 ha, 300 of which

are under flood irrigation

from: the. Chiredfci River.

Cotton ami corghum :\re

the main crops grown on

the estate.

One of the more recent

success stories amonrj

ARDA projects In the

l./0\vveld is Hie Tsovane

Irrigation Schonte comminrionert by the Minister

' of T/Miö.rt, „A*?r!cy1tii?n *i»v.l

Rural Rcr;ctii(;i:i('i''., Cdc

Movcn MahnHit, in T.ftich

1985.

The rehsme, started a*

a cost of some f3 500 000,

66 percent of which was

provided by a W<•!?(. Germany orgiini na t i o n

(IO-W) with th" remainder coming item 111" 7Mnbab-AT Movcrniivt't, comprises *.(>(» ha, 3

1

!? of

which was put under

flood irrigation at the

frh'Mii"'.': in'ü'plhin

Initially, 75 he „f the

developed land w?.S t'TniaiV.d In bp flV.-':al.cd to

I ii.d 1 v i d u a! fanner;;

selected fiom the l-ical

comin unities with the

remaining petition being

farmed by AUL)A as aii

estate. However, it in

Govinncnt intention

that eventually, thin

scheme ihn handed over to

individual fmmers in

phases extending over a

period of nine yearr.

Speaking at the official

opening of Tsovane Irrigation Scheme, Cdc

Mchachi said the project

was demonstrative of

Government policy to initiate development In

previously neglected

areas, particularly to

extend agricultut.nl development to those regions, typical of natural

regions IV and V of Ziinbabwe, where normal

dry land cropping would

not be viable.

/9317

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52
ZIMBABWE

SUGAR INDUSTRY TRANSFORMS LOWVELD

Harare THE HERALD in English 29 Jan 87 p 7

[Text]

MORE! than any other

area in the country, the

Lowveld of Zimbabwe

owes its livelihood to one

commodity: sugar. In less

than the span of one

man's life sugar has

transformed the Low;-

veld's arid emptiness into

seas of green cane and

provided a living for

100 000 people.

In l^zO, three stick» of

sugar-cane were carefully

nurtured to start an industry that today produces almost half a million of tonnes of sugar

every year and is now a

major foreign currency

earner for the country.

Three vast estates,

fifty private growers and

120 small-scale farmers

produce the cane which 18

crushed at either Hippo

Valley of Triangle nails

before being exported or

distributed to the home

market for local consumption. A unique feature of sugar production

in üimoabwe is "»

remoteness from tue sea

and its total dependence

on artificially applied

water. A total of 26 000

people are directly employed In the sugar Industry, most of whom

work on the Lowveld

estates and live wlwi

their families in company

housing,

After tobacco and coitoni, sugar la Zimbabwe's

third largest agricultural

export earner with sales

reaching almost ?60 million last year. The Industry is completely sensupporting and receives

no form of government

subsidy.

Co-ordinated by the

Zimbabwe Sugar Association which comprises

members from the two

mills, the growers, the

refineries and d 1 strlbutors, the industry

has established an enviable reputation for efficiency and the quality

of its product. Even during the years of depressed world prices

when many overseas

growers were finding it

impossible to carry on,

the Zimbabwe sugar Industry had the economies

and skils to remain

viable. __

The Lowveld Is committed to sugar. It is

committed to P *

1

»"!

employment for 25 «00

people who might not

otherwise be working. It

is committed to providing

sugar to the local

market, to the ethanol

plant and to the overseas

markets which buy

250 ooo tonnes every

yCTo protect the Interests

of the Lowveld and its industry, the Zimbaowe

Sugar Association is constantly monitoring world

prices and those trends

which might affect its

markets.

Recently, for •''-Stance

lt made representations

to Canada, one of Zjn

Ämers to counter^

,obtyIng cf the cornt poducers who were trying

to make a ««*""£ protection of their hign

fructose com syrup mg*ry to ^e detriment

«f imports from this

clmtry!ltl8Con«f««y

expected that Canada w 11

once again order in

excess of 40000 tonnes of

raw sugar ?W<* wlU

own processed lR >

ts own

reTner

sal'e of Zimbabwe's

sugar production is a

success story in itselfUnder the auspices of the

sugar association, Zimbabwe Sugar Sales is the

sole selling agent for the

annual output of the

Lowveld and responsible

for supplying both tic

local and overseas markets. Working on the principle that this year's crop

must be sold before next

year's Is reaped, the ZSb

is free to negotiate the

best prices to ensure that

sugar is not stockpiled

and is distributed to

where it Is needed.

Today, because of

sugar, the Lowveld Is a

thriving, if isolated community with all the

facilities of an integrated

agricultural economy ana

a sound base for development Into the

future.

/9317

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53
ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

WORLD BANK RESCUES HWANGE—Zimbabwe's shortage of foreign currency is so

acute that recently the multimillion dollar Hwange Power Station, vital

for Zimbabwe's national power supply, was threatened with closure for lack

of essential equipment—until the World Bank came to the rescue. The

Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Commission (Zesa) is known to have put in a

request for $5 million worth of foreign currency for the present quota

period. The allocation was needed to import necessary equipment and

components in order to keep the high technology thermal power operations

going. But the allocation Zesa has been granted is only some $400 000,

it is believed. According to reliable sources this huge cut in the

requested currency allocation would have resulted in the temporary closure

of the Hwange Power Station due to lack of essential equipment needed for

safety measures, among other requirements. However, a spokesman for Zesa

said this possibility had now been avoided through the use of World Bank

funds. "Despite foreign exchange difficulties there is no likelihood

of Hwange Power Station shutting down," he said. "Zesa has utilised its

existing facility with the World Bank to purchase spares needed at the

station to the value of $5 million." But he added: "There is still a

need for further foreign exchange to finance an import substitution programme,

Foreign exchange will be needed for such items as raw materials and machine

tools. Funds will also be needed for the purchase of consumables such as

chemicals." [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 23 Jan 87 p 21

/9317

COKE SHORTAGE TO CONTINUE—The shortage of coke throughout Zimbabwe is

likely to last until the refurbishment of Wankie Colliery's coke oven plant

at Hwange is completed in October this year. There are only two coke oven

plants in Zimbabwe, the one at Hwange and the other at Zisco in Redcliff.

This produces coke mainly for its own steel-making processes but it is now

also supplying some coke to the domestic market from its stockpile reserves

in order to try to relieve the present shortage in Zimbabwe. Wankie

Colliery's coke oven plant was stopped and stripped down for complete refurbishment in October last year. The rebuilding and commissioning, estimated

to cost a total of $31,5 million, is due for completion in about 10 months'

time. Meanwhile, it has been necessary for the company to import coke from

outside Zimbabwe in order to continue supplying coke to neighbouring

countries, including Zambia, which have contracts for the supply of coke

from the colliery. According to a report from Zisco published last month,

54
the steel company's coke plant achieved a very high production of coke in

October last year, being 101,1% above target. A spokesman said this

excellent output from the coke ovens was commendable, especially considering

the age of the Zisco plant and the difficult conditions under which it

operated. Zisco plans to refurbish these coke ovens later as part of the

planned multimillion dollar rehabilitation and investment programme

previously announced by the government. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL

GAZETTE in English 8 Jan 87 p 5] /9317

BANANA OPTIMISTIC ON ENDING BANDITRY—Harare, 13 Feb (SAPA) —Zimbabwe is

winning its war against "South African-sponsored bandits" in this country, the

semi-official news agency ZIANA quoted President Canaan Banana as saying

today. He told diplomats at a State House reception in Harare this afternoon

that although the country continued to face banditry, the problem was being

solved. "I am happy to say this is a problem which we are gradually and

successfully overcoming," he said. "In this connection, we are very pleased

with the progress being made towards national unity, and it is our hope that

the other minority parties will eventually join us in realising our goal of a

one party state based on a consensus within a unified, monolithic political

party." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1453 GMT 13 Feb 87] /9599

4 KILLED IN PLANE ACCIDENT—The Ministry of Defense has announced the untimely

death of Flight Lieutenant Chuma and three others who were killed in an

aircraft accident while delivering food supplies to Zimbabwean forces in

Mozambique. According to a press statement released in Harare yesterday, the

accident occurred in an area free from MNR bandits, and it is believed that

the cause of the accident might have been a technical fault on the aircraft.

In the meantime, a full board of inquiry has been convened to investigate the

cause of the accident. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0400 GMT

14 Feb 87] /9599

TRADE MINISTER ON BEIRA EXPORT POTENTIAL—The minister of trade and commerce,

Comrade Oliver Munyaradzi, said the Beira corridor will be able to cope up

[as heard] with the transportation of goods in the event of sanctions being

imposed against South Africa. He said that Beira is the shorter route and so

will save foreign currency. Comrade Munyaradzi said goods are expected to

move faster. Speaking on the ZTV [Zimbabwe Television] program, The Nation,

this evening, Comrade Munyaradzi said about 2 million tons of goods can be

exported annually through the corridor when it is fully operational.

Commenting on the issue that local manufacturers are not willing to use the

port of Beira, he said exporters usually prefer cheap, reliable, and

continuously available ports, but at the moment Beira does not meet the three

criteria. He also disclosed that South Africa is no longer a major trading

partner with Zimbabwe, but Britain, [as heard] [Text] [Harare Domestic

Service in English 2000 GMT 15 Feb 87] /9599

UNFAIR BARTER TRADE TACTICS CLAIMED~The minister of trade and commerce has

charged that Zimbabwe has been a victim of unfair trade tactics in some barter

deals it has entered into. Speaking on the ZBC television program, The

Nation, last night, Comrade Oliver Munyaradzi said his ministry is doing all

it can to make sure that this does not continue. He disclosed that barter

deals now constitute about 25 percent of the total trade and had mostly been

implemented with socialist countries. He said there is now about 25 million

dollars worth of barter deals in the pipeline, adding that these would be with

countries like the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, and India. [Text] [Harare

Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 16 Feb 87] /9599

55
CANADIAN DONATION FOR MILLING PROJECT—Canada has approved plans to

contribute $3,9 million for a small milling project in Zimbabwe. A

statement from the visiting Canadian delegation said yesterday that their

Prime Minister, Mr Brian Mulroney, announced his country's approval to

contribute to a project to improve the processing of small grains in

Zimbabwe. Mr Mulroney is in Zimbabwe on a four-day visit. The statement

said the money would help to introduce small electric or diesel-driven

machines to alleviate hand-pounding of sorghum and millet. As a result,

Zimbabwean farmers would grow more sorghum and millet—crops better suited

to drought-prone areas. The project would improve the standard of rural

women who own about 25 percent of the mills. Agriculture and women as

agents of development were key priorities of the Canadian International

Development Agency which is funding the small grains project. The smallscale milling technology was first developed by a National Research Council

Laboratory in Saskatchewan, with support from Canada's International

Development Research Centre. IDR has extensively tested this technology

over the past decade in 25 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.

[Text] [Harare THE HERALD in-English 29 Jan 87 p 1] /9317

INCREASED AID FROM SADCC—The visting British minister for overseas development, Mr Christopher Patten, has disclosed that Britain has provided Zimbabwe

with about 170 million dollars since independence in 1980. Mr Patten told

newsmen in Harare yesterday that British aid to Zimbabwe under SADCC countries will be increased. He said that Britain (?donated) about 600 million

dollars [words indistinct] in the country during the past 5 years. Meanwhile,

the British minister is expected to hold discussions with the minister of

finance, economic planning and development,.Comrade Benhard Chidzero, in

Harare today. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 9 Feb 87

MB] /6662

BOTSWANA COOPERATION ON DISSIDENT ACTIVITIES—Zimbabwe's high commission to

Botswana, Comrade Alois Chldoda, says close cooperation between Zimbabwe and

neighboring Botswana has eased cross border activities of dissidents. Comrade

Chidoda told ZIANA that some of the refugees at Dukwe Camp north of Francistown are sympathizers of those who seek to subvert the Government of Zimbabwe.

However, the ambassador said not every Zimbabwean who fled into Botswana is a

dissident or a sympathizer of the dissidents. He said his office has been

involved in the cooperation to end the dissident menace, and so far many

dissidents have abandoned their subversive intentions. [Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 1115 GMT 7 Feb 87 MB] /6662

IRAN CONGRATULATED ON ANNIVERSARY—The president, Comrade Canaan Banana, and

the prime minister, Comrade Robert Mugabe, have sent contragulatory messages

to President 'All Khamene'i of Iran on the occasion of his country's eighth

anniversary. Part of Comrade Banana's message reads: On behalf of the

Government and people of Zimbabwe and on my own behalf I wish to convey our

congratulations to your excellency, the government,.and people of Islamic

Republic of Iran on the occasion of the eighth anniversary of the Islamic

revolution. In his message, Comrade Mugabe expressed the desire of Zimbabwe

and the Nonaligned Movement.to see peace restored between Iran and Iraq.

[Text] [Harare Domestic Service in English 2000 GMT 11 Feb 87 MB] /6662

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56
SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU SPURNS INVITATION TO PARLIAMENT OPENING

MB31081 Johannesburg SAPA In English 2058 GMT 30 Jan 87

[Text] Cape Town, 30 Jan (SAPA)—The Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town,

the Most Reverend Desmond Tutu, today publicly spurned his invitation by the

state president to attend the opening of parliament, opting instead to

preach at an interfaith service at the nearby St Georges Cathedral.

At the service, which ended the overnight multi-organization free the

children vigil convened by the Black Sash, Archbishop Tutu told the

congregation: "That I would be among the VIP's to witness the opening of

the parliament in which I have been refused the participation... even

(satirist) Pieter-Dirk Uys could not improve upon that."

Archbishop Tutu called on whites to consider what they would do if their

children were detained, adding: "It may be your child next time."

Other clergymen who addressed the service included the dean of Cape Town,

the Very Reverend Edward King; the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Cape Town,

the Most Reverend Stephen Naidoo; and Dr. Allan Boesak, president of

the World Alliance of Reformed Churches.

Minutes before parliament convened, 10 Progressive Federal Party MP's

joined the vigil, stating they would raise the issue of children in

detention during the parliamentary session.

Veteran PFP politician, Mrs Helen Suzman, said the PFP was "deeply concerned"

about the detention of young people and wanted "to show solidarity with

this particular expression of public outrage."

/12624

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57
SOUTH AFRICA

BUTHELEZI CRITICIZES BOTHA ATTACK ON CHRIS BALL

MB100606 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0223 GMT 10 Feb €7

[Issued by the chief ministers office, Ulundi]

[Text] Johannesburg, Tuesday—-Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi today accused the

state president of attacking Barclays Bank MD [Managing Director] Mr Chris

Ball in order to intimidate giant private sector interests who were beginning

to threaten him.

There was a "vast range of important observers" who saw Mr P.W. Botha's attack

on Mr Ball as an accolade for the bank he headed.

Speaking at the annual Franke! Kruger investment conference, the KwaZulu

chief minister and Inkatha president made a strong plea for the urgent scrapping of the Group Areas Act for the sake of the country's economic future.

He told the influential audience—-which is also being addressed by the minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, and the governor of the Reserve Bank,

Dr Gerhard de Kock—that it was small wonder that every industrialised democracy held Mr Botha in "total political disrepute."

Chief Buthelezi described Mr Botha as "right wing in anybody's language" and

as the product of an institutionalised Afrikanerdom developed to defy integration.

The state president was showing all the signs of being a vexed and frustrated

man.

"One has only to look at the way he set about attempting to smash Mr Chris

Ball's image to perceive the extent to which he is driven by emotions which

are the product of his inner conflict. He has not succeeded."

Whatever the facts of the matter were, he had done no more than attack Mr Ball

to intimidate banking, commercial, industrial and mining giants who were

beginning to threaten him.

58
"Mr Ball is one of the leading younger-generation bright stars of banking

and commerce," he said. "He participates in today's economic realities and

he does so in the company of other leading industrialists who are now putting

pressure on Mr P.W. Botha to break out of his Afrikaner limitations.

"The fact that Mr P.W. Botha is a sincere and honourable man does not absolve

him from being human in his dilemma."

The state president was a man who wanted to create a neo^apartheid society in

which racism continued to be a cornerstone of parliament.

He was not satisfied with even the most viable form of minority group rights

protection but wanted minorities to have total equality in the process of

national decision making.

What made this particularly unpalatable was that he wanted this equality of

minority decision-making rights frozen.

"He wants to do so to give the white minority as much right to make decisions

about so-called white South Africa, which comprises 87 percent of the land,

as he is prepared to concede to black minorities, of his making, I might add,

in one-tenth pieces of 13 percent of the land.

"That is the brutal truth of Mr P.W. Botha's political aims and objectives,"

Chief Buthelezi said. "It is small wonder that every industrialised democracy holds him in total political disrepute."

Mr Botha was in the impossible position of being faced not only with the

far right but the far left. More importantly, he was also faced with near

total opposition from the 75 percent of the South African population who

were black and from a significant and growing number of whites.

Fortunately, a new South Africa would be evolved by massive forces beyond

party-political control.

"Political forces in South Africa will have to be accommodated more than

they can be directed," Chief Buthelezi said. "Developed, yes. Encouraged

and curbed, yes. But manipulated and controlled, no."

Black business as a force for change was all too frequently ignored by theoreticians and party-political thinkers. Black businessmen had emerged because

they were survivors whose acumen carried the "hews and colours of aggressive

opposition to restrictions."

By and large, white businessmen tried to encourage black consumers out of

their sprawling shanty towns in slum areas. They did not penetrate these

areas themselves.

It was black businessmen who would have the role of linking these areas to the

central cash economy. They had a unique grassroots role which had not yet

been properly analysed.

59
Chief Butheiezi said industrialists needed to be far more innovative in developing black business interests and management skills and in creating the circumstances for the necessary phenomenal advancement of black participation

in the economy.

There were now great prospects for black-white business partnerships—but

not "the old exploitive practices where many apparently affluent black businessmen were no more than front men for white and Indian entrepreneurs, particuarly in our townships."

The Group Areas Act was the big handicap. Land was the most tangible form

of investment and as long as black businessmen did not have the same access

to land ownership as whites, they could not achieve their real potential.

/6662

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60
SOUTH AFRICA

RSA AMBASSADOR CRITICIZES CISKEI REFUGEES

MB110639 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2330 GMT 10 Feb 87

[Text] East London, Feb 11 SAPA—The South African ambassador to Ciskei,

Mr Christaan van Aardt, said today "no sympathy whatsoever" for the Postdam

squatters who fled their village in Ciskei for South Africa and who have been

living under plastic makeshift shelters alongside the Fort Jackson-Berlin

road.

Mr van Aardt said the whole thing of the so-called "Potsdam refugees" was

politically motivated.

The squatters, made up of about 1,500 men, women and children, left Ciskei

after claiming that Ciskei police had intimidated them and evicted them from

their dwellings. This allegation was rejected by the Ciskei Government which

said last week that the families had left during normal police crime prevention activities.

A Ciskei Government spokesman added later that the families who had left

Potsdam were "welcome" to return. There has, however, been no response to the

offer and today the families were still at the side of the road.

Approached for comment as to whether South Africa was going to intervene

seeing that the squatters had moved onto South African territory and were,

in fact, illegally in the republic, Mr van Aardt said the South African Government was keeping a low profile on the issue.

He added: "As far as I'm concerned, what they need is a nice damn thunderstorm to wash them back to Ciskei. The whole thing is politically motivated—

you can't just have people deciding to leave their country and going to

another."

Meanwhile, the newly-formed Potsdam Residents Crisis Committee (PRCC) made

up of representatives of several organisations, including the Justice and

Reconciliation Commission, the Black Sash, Mdantsane Ministers Fraternal,

clergy from the Catholic, Anglican and Methodist churches, Sached Advice Office, Potsdam Co-ordinating Committee, a local lawyer, Operation Hunger and

World Vision, appealed to the public to assist the hundreds of "Ciskei refugees

squatting alongside the road.

61
A spokesman for PRCC, Mrs Sue Power, called on the public to donate plastic

sheeting, blankets, clothing and any articles which the people could use to

build shelters. Any articles should be brought to the offices of Operation

Hunger and not taken to the settlement.

A spokesman for residents in the camp said today "There will be no going back

to Ciskei." He said the families would remain where they were until the

South African Government gave land on which to build homes.

/6662

CSO: 3400/1

62
SOUTH AFRICA

BLEAK FUTURE SEEN FOR UDF IN WAKE OF INCREASING REPRESSION

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in EnR.li.sh 21- Jan 87 pp 4-6

IText]

A major theme of South African politics in the last

four years has been the struggle between the state

and the United Democratic Front (UDF), which

was founded shortly before the start of the present

troubles. In the enormous complexities of South

Africa, this struggle is connected with the activities

of the Zulu party Inkatha (AC Vol 28 No 1) and

the black consciousness groups of the National

Forum (AC, next issue), the three movements which

have a mass following among blacks. The African

National Congress (ANC), being illegal, docs not

have an easily measurable presence (AC Vol 27 No

25), although parts of the UDF consciously act as

an ANC surrogate, and the state tends to view the

UDF as a stalking-horse for the exiled ANC. The

appalling violence of the last two years has stemmed

not only from clashes between these three groups,

competing for the allegiance of blacks, but also from

the accompanying efforts of the state to wipe out

black radicalism generally.

The future of the UDF is now bleak. It has borne

the brunt of state repression in the form of vigilantes,

detentions and other harassment. Hence of nearly

24,000 people detained on political grounds in 1986,

just under 80°7o are estimated to be members of the

UDF or of its more than 700 affiliates. By comparison, the black consciousness Azanian People's

Organisation (AZAPO) - the leading black consciousness group - accounted for some 5%, while

Inkatha, which cooperates with the government, has

suffered not at all from the state but only from

black rivals. The UDF has also been the hardest hit

by bannings. One of its most important affiliates,

the Congress of South African Students, is the first

organisation to be banned since 1977.

Treason trials show the same pattern. The small

farming town of Delmas is currently hosting a trial

of 19 black activists, most of them UDF sympathisers. They include two UDF National Executive

members, 'Terror' Lckola, the UDF publicity secretary, and Popo Molcfc, UDF general secretary. In

another treason trial, at Pietermaritzburg, all 16

accused were UDF leaders. They include the two

UDF national presidents, Archie Gumede and Alberlina Sisulu. The latter is the wife of ANC life

prisoner Waller Sisulu and the mother of Max, a

prominent ANC exile. Another son is leading black

editor Zwelakhe Sisulu, currently detained. With

people like Alberfina Sisulu leading the UDF it is

no wonder that the government regards it as a from

for the ANC in exile.

These trials in fact show quite well the government's view of the UDF. The stale prosecutor has

alleged that the UDF is party to a revolutionary

conspiracy to overthrow the state. Its alleged coconspirators are the ANC, the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the South African Congress of Trade Unions (SACTU). the banned pio

Communist union movement. These charges have

been repeated more or less explicitly in speeches by

government representatives. While the UDF denies

treason, it agrees that many of its members subscribe

to the Freedom Charter, the ANC manifesto, and

that it is campaigning for the unbanning of the

ANC. It admits to being in the tradition of the ANC

but denies being a front organisation.

While many UDF leaders are close to the ANC.

or were even ANC members before it was banned,

the UDF is too diffuse and loosely organised to be

considered a conspiracy. Ii is too popular to be

considered no more than the tool of ANC sympathisers among its leaders. It has little in the way of

63
hierarchy - a necessity, since most of its organisers

have been detained. The UDF was deliberately

designed by its founders as a channel for black

protest which was so decentralised as to be able to

survive the arrest of a few top people.

The UDF remains legal, but only just. In addition

to suffering from attacks and detentions, it was

declared an 'affected organisation' in October 1986.

This means that it has been banned from receiving

foreign funds. UDF National Treasurer Aznar Cachalia estimated at the time that over half of UDF

funds came from abroad. They especially come from

Western Europe, Scandinavia and North America.

The UDF was conceived at a conference in Johannesburg on 23 January 1983. On that date Dr Allan

Boesak, the 'coloured' president of the World Alliance ofReformed Churches, suggested the formation

of a broad front to oppose the new tri-cameral

constitution for whites, 'colouredsvand Indians

which was being planned by the government, as well

as to resist moves to persuade blacks to serve in

government-appointed town councils. So the UDF

explicitly aimed to combat the government's strategy

of co-opting 'coloureds', Indians and the black

middle class the better to defend a re-defined white

interest.

By August 1983 the UDF had been launched

nationwide. It is an umbrella for local associations

— religious, civic, ethnic and other — which have

nothing in common other than their opposition to

government reforms. The UDF was largely responsible for the campaign which reduced 'coloured' and

Indian participation in the elections to the new threechamber parliament in 1984 to about a third and a

fifth respectively of registered voters. The preventive

detention of UDF leaders at the time was testimony

to their importance in organising the boycott.

At the time of its launch the UDF had about 500

affiliates. Now it claims over 700 with perhaps two

million members. The more its leaders have been

detained, the more it has relied on street committees

and other grassroots organisations to survive. The

problem with this is that, while the UDF can claim

millions of members of its affiliated organisations,

it has little coherence. There are UDF

members who do not subscribe to the

Freedom Charter. While the UDF includes prominent churchmen and intellectuals, it also includes thugs who

have firebombed the houses of their

black consciousness rivals, AZAPO

leaders attribute the effectiveness of

UDF thugs in part to the money which

enables them to bus their strong-arm

members to AZAPO meetings. In some

places, the most fearsome of the young

comrades operate in the name of UDF.

Elsewhere the most respectable members

of black communities are UDF. Local

conditions are paramount. This diversity is

partly the consequence of the government's determination to forbid black politics and to regard poor

housing and poor education for blacks as technical

problems to be solved by technical means. As a

result housing, education, and everything else have

become politicised.

The UDF has undoubtedly suffered greatly from

the repression of the last two years. It claims to

survive in the street committees which are now a

feature of most townships, and generally to have

adapted itself in forms which can survive the demise

of the UDF as presently constituted. Nevertheless

the UDF itself is in trouble:

• In the once flourishing Northern Transvaal Mronphold of ihr

UDF, where members included traders and others ol the local

middle class, UDF", govcrnmeni and AZAPO rivalr> was

marked by intense struggles in the Lebowa homeland, finishing

with the victory of pro-government vigilantes. 'I he real decline

of the UDF in the area set in with the death in police custody

of Northern Transvaal UDF President I'cler Ncliabcleng in

April 1986. The police and army in the region, acting with the

collaboration of the Lebowa homeland police, no« hold the

initiative.

• The Eastern Cape township of Kwanobuhlc, near Uitcnhagc,

formerly the staunches! UDF stronghold of all, has since 4

January been wracked by fights with an anti-UDF vigilante

force known as the 'Wit doeke' or while scarves. Police

authorities described deaths resulting from vigilante attacks

on the UDF as 'nothing to do with the unrest whatsoever'

This is cynical, since the vigilantes enjoy police complicity.

• UDF acting Publicity Secretary Murphy Morobe has pointed

out the recent upsurge in vigilante activity, at its strongest

when extra-parliamentary groups are on the defensive. Morobe

now lives the life of a fugitive, wearing disguises and cnteting

and leaving newspaper offices unexpectedly to keep UD1

propaganda going.

• The UDF continues to clash with its AZAPO rivals, such as

in Soweto, and with lnkatha in Natal, where lnkatha leaders

claim to have been victims of UDF attacks. The Natal doubles

arc generally reckoned to have begun with the murder of UDF

leader Victoria Mxenge by lnkatha thugs in 1985.

• There is tension within the UDF itself. It focuses on the

sensitive role of Indians within the UDF. The Sowcto-based

secretary of the Release Mandela Committee, UDF stalwart

Aubrey Mokoena. has complained that the 'Indian cabal' is

too strong in the UDF. He speaks for a faction which sees

other UDF leaders such as Morobe and Curnick Ndlovu, UDI

National Executive Chairman, as too vulnerable to Indian

influence. The UDF is officially colourblind and committed

to uniting 'progressive.democrats' of all races in the quest lot

a non-racial, unitary and democratic South Africa. As black

consciousness critics point out, the colour-blindness is not

complete. There is an all-white affiliate of the UDF. the

Johannesburg Democratic Action Committee. The Natal

Indian Congress is also racially exclusive. Each group organises

itself under the UDF umbrella. Onjy in this sense is it multiracial.

There is now talk of reorganisation within the

UDF. Still, the 'Christmas Against the Emergency'

campaign, inciting people to make symbolic protests

against the State of Emergency, coinciding as it did

with the anniversaries of the ANC and its armed

wing, caused government nervousness. The advertisements placed in South African newspapers on 8

January calling for the unbanning of the ANC was

another example of a current UDF tactic. This

provoked a decree forbidding publication of any

64
material defending, justifying or explaining ANC

policy. During a television interview on 17 January

Deputy Information Minister Stoffel van der Merwe

admitted that if the emergency curbs were lifted,

'anti-democratic forces' (that is, the extra-parliamentary opposition) would re-surface. The politicisation

of. the blacks and of every aspect of their lives will

remain a permanent legacy»

[Boxed item, p 5]

We have received the following letter from Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi,

chief minister of KwaZulu and president of Inkatha, with a request that it be

published,

Dear Sir,

The article "South Africa: The ANC" (December 10, 1986) referred to 'setbacks'

suffered by the national liberation movement I lead, Inkatha. Precisely what

are these so-called 'setbacks'? What empirical evidence do you have to substantiate such a statement?

Was the author, perhaps, referring to the ongoing brutal assassination of our

members carried out by supporters of the External Mission of the ANC? Since

January 1 two of our senior members have been murdered in petrol-bomb and

hand grenade attacks and four others have been injured and their homes damaged

in other assaults.

These are the methods encouraged by the ANC to eliminate its political opposition. And this is the organisation you purport to have the 'emotional allegiance' of millions of South Africans and to be 'the alternative government' of

the country. It is a pity that no evidence was presented to back these claims

either.

The 1.3 million members of Inkatha would not support this view and neither

would, I suspect, the Black Consciousness PAC/AZAPO groups—apart from millions of other black South Africans who are totally opposed to the brand of

political violence encouraged by the ANC.

It is worthwhile noting that nationwide research totally contradicts your

analysis. The External Mission of the ANC is a revolutionary organisation

committed to the so-called 'armed struggle' and to 'seizing power' in South

Africa, It will have no truck with democratic non-violent opposition to

apartheid and attempts (by organisations such as Inkatha) to negotiate

radical change and power-sharing.

Meanwhile, a recent Omnichek poll revealed that 74 percent of urban blacks

would prefer to seek an end to apartheid by negotiation rather than violence.

Where does that leave the ANC and the 'township radicals' you present as having

such strength? Surely the 'millions' of supporters with their 'emotional allegiance' to the tactics and strategies of the ANC would have surfaced in the

survey? Other surveys have shown similar results.

65
Moreover, the Omnichek survey also showed that three in every four blacks

preferred the ultimate aim of a multiracial form of government rather than

an all-black government.

Asked whether they would automatically accept (jailed ANC leader) Nelson

Mandela as their leader if he were freed from prison, 32 percent said they

would support him without hesitation—but 34 percent said they would wait

until he had first shown proof of his leadership qualities.

As many as 86 percent of 'the older generation' (who constitute 50 percent

of all blacks) said they favoured negotiation.

The question must then be asked why AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL consistently attempts to present the External Mission of the ANC as the major political (opposition) factor in South Africa today? Why, too, do you consistently attempt

to denigrate Inkatha and insult its vast membership by labelling it a

'tribalist party' when, in fact, it is not?

I do not deny that for many (including myself) Dr Nelson Mandela is a martyr

who has paid the ultimate price in the struggle for our liberation or that the

External Mission of the ANC is without significant consequence. I do, however, seriously question whether one can accurately—and neatly—categorise

black opposition to apartheid into an ANC package.

I believe that there is a vast middle ground in black (and white) politics

in South Africa which is cautiously beginning to emerge and which will soon

surprise a lot of people—including AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL.

Mangosuthu G. Buthelezi

/9274

CSO: 3400/19

66
SOUTH AFRICA

ATTEMPT MADE ON UDF MEMBER'S LIFE AFTER FUNERAL

MB010746 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0738 GMT 1 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 1 Feb (SAPA)—United Democratic Front activist

Mr Victor Ntuli, 18, narrowly escaped another attempt on his life

yesterday — barely an hour before he made a dramatic appearance at the

emotional Chesterville funeral of six Kwamakhutha massacre victims, CITY

PRESS reported today.

Fellow Kwamakhutha Youth League [KYL] member, Mr Dumisani Makhanya,

told CITY PRESS he, Mr Ntuli and other local activists decided to remain

at Kwamakhutha with about 200 mourners who could not find room in

the buses yesterday morning.

Mr Makhanya said they decided to hire a taxi — when a heavily armed gang

of vigilantes attacked them.

"They started firing at us wildly. I can't believe we are still alive,"

said Mr Makhanya.

The two were rescued by a taxi driver who passed while the attackers

chased them.

Mr Ntuli, a KYL member, was heavily protected by his comrades when he arrived

at the cemetery an hour after the attack. The coffins were opened so

he could have a last glimpse at four members of his family.

Journalists crowding around him were not allowed to take pictures or

interview him. He said he was too heartbroke to speak and was ushered

into a waiting car.

Among those buried were his father, Twelve Apostolic Church Reverend

Willie Nkosi, and sisters Phumelele, Jabu and Sithembile. Others buried

were Nomusa and Mr Edward Ndwalane.

Ten-year-old Nomfundo Thusini was buried at a separate funeral in

Lamontville — beside her four sisters and brothers buried last weekend.

UDF President Mr Archie Gumede wept as he told mourners: "If I cannot

be safe at my house, where am I safe in this world?"

67
He said he hoped "we will unite like a rock — so that this does not

happen again."

Speakers included Mr Ntuli's brother, Reverend Joseph Ntuli, of the

Apostolic Faith Mission in Soweto.

Security forces kept a strong presence in the township all day.

Mr Ntuli's shattered widow, Mrs Ethel Khanyisile Ntuli, told CITY PRESS

that after the funeral her family had waited for the four to be buried

before leaving the township.

She said since two days after the massacre of the church members until

yesterday her family had received death threats. As a result, the family

has moved its property to friends and relatives in other Durban townships.

— Mr Victor Ntuli has, according to tradition, become head of his

shattered family. But this appears to be impossible in the light

of the attempts on his life.

/12624

CSO: 3400/954

68
SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST EXPRESSES HOPE FOR. PEACEFUL SOLUTION TO INTERCINE VIOLENCE

Durban POST NATAL in English 4-7 Feb 87 p 7

[Article by Nat Diseko]

[Text 1 THERE are hopes — higher than ever before — that

the bitter feuding between the Azanian People's Organisation and the United Democratic Front may be

finally resolved.

About a week ago, the Congress of South African

Trade Unions - Eastern Province region - held joint

talks with the UDF and Azapo to discuss the »ntergroup violence in Port Elizabeth townships. The violence has left many dead and many injured.

The growing violence has caused concern among

leaders of both the progressive UDF grouping and the

black consciousness-oriented affiliates of Azapo.

These internecine clashes have erupted in various

parts of the country but have been more intense and

frequent in the Eastern Cape and Soweto.

The inter-group violence, which the Bureau for Information and some of the media blandly refer to as

"black-on black" violence, has served to dent the credibility of anti-apartheid organisations in the

townships.

"Black-on-black" violence has become a muchhated term in some quarters because it is felt the

authorities in particular have used it as a blanket

term to explain away some incidents of violence

which may not necessarily be the result of internecine

warring.

Mr Raschin Naidoo, publicity-secretary of the Azanian Student Movement which is an Azapo affiliate, put

his finger on it when he said: "The community ends up

asking itself whether it can be represented by organisations which are.at each other's throats.

"The community gets alienated from, the political

struggle because the organisations are attaggerheads

and deaths occur. How can the community trust these

organisations?" he asked.

Grim higtt

The politically motivated violence, which reached a

grim high last year, has been going on and off; for the

past two years. Press clippings mutely chronicle the

hiPvest of dciath>

Here are some random entries from The Sowetan.

210 86 — Pupils Viyani Edwin Nkomö, 17, Msilana

sSshanga, 16, and Mbulelo Mabena, 15. Six pupilg were

abducted as a result of which three died and threehad

to be hospitalised with bullet wounds. On 7.8.86 six

people including Jefferson Lenganc, 29, a Soweto student leader, appeared in the Soweto Magistrate's

Court charged with murder and attempted murder.

The Bureau for Information said the three teenagers

were killed in a faction fight between gangs. Jefferson

Lengane jumped bail and his father, Mr Thabo l,engane, died in what looked like a revenge killing.

8.8.86 — Sonwabo Ngxale, senior executive member

of Azapo, was kidnapped from a taxi, hacked, and

brutally assaulted.

In October last year, Miss Masabata Loate, one of

Soweto's famous student leaders, and one of few

women to be imprisoned for treason, was hacked to

death by a mob in Orlando West.

6.10.86 — Fuzile Rapulana of Zwide, PE, abducted

three days after Mr Ngxale's kidnapping, and burnt to

death. He was PE branch manager of Azapo.

The list is long and the violence seems to feed on

itself. One view that the leaders of the two main

streams of political thought have in common is that

the violence must stop.

Mr Murphy Morobe, acting publicity-secretary of

the UDF, said: "This kind of violence does not serve

the interests of the struggle in this country. We are

extremely concerned at the continued conflict between supporters of our respective organisations."

Azasm's Mr Naidoo said: "Any organisation that

takes the struggle seriously would adopt the view

that a situation whereby organisations of different political tendencies, who differ in terms of methods of

struggle, should not reach a point where the organisations are at physical opposition to each other."

He said the kind of violence that was taking place

was distasteful because it retarded the progress of the

struggle.

Democratic right

"Organisations should agree that differences exist

and agree and disagree on certain matters. It is the

•democratic right of every organisation to propagate

its views without fear of physical harassment," he

said.

"We will also be approaching the clergy to act as

mediators in such talks because the clergy are recog

69
/13104

CSO: 3400/12

nised by the community as neutral, as peacemakers,"

Mr Naidoo said.

Reacting to claims in some quarters that the UDF

had never come out clearly against the ongoing conflict, Mr Morobe said: "We have tangible evidence at

our disposal that the UDF has been as concerned and

opposed to this conflict as anyone else who is committed to national unity and liberation."

He said that after Cosatu, the UDF, and Azapo had

come together in the Eastern Cape to look into the

problem of inter-group fighting, it had been discovered that people who were behind the violence were

people who have been known to have direct connections with the 'system'.

"One of the main characters in the drama is a former member of Azapo who has been disowned by the

organisation," Mr Morobe said.

He said that in other parts of the country, where

there has been the so-called black-on-black violence, it

had been found that such violence had always been

carried out by ''vigilante" groups and reactionary elements who have found common cause with apartheid

in order to destroy the democratic movement

Mr Morobe said as far as attacks in Soweto which

i were blamed on UDF affiliates were concerned, his

organisation had to rely only on newspaper reports.

"We don't know who are behind these attacks. We

have had internal communications with our units

where we have called upon all activists to exercise

maximum political discipline and not engage in activities that can retard the progress of the struggle for

liberation," he said.

Mr Morobe said the UDF would seek to co-operate

wUh Azapo in solving the present problems.

70
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETAN CONDUCTS ELECTION POLL OF READERS

MB310820 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 30 Jan 87 p 9

[Text] Only three million voters — all white — are eligible to vote or

to be voted for in the election that the state president, Mr P.W. Botha,

will announce today.

More than 26 million other South Africans will be ignored. There are,

of course, the two junior chambers of the three-chamber Parliament, but

it has been demonstrated time and again that power is exclusively in

white hands.

The announcement of the date of the election at the opening of Parliament

today continues the centuries-old tradition of white domination. It is

whites who decide how this country, all our lives, shall be run.

And that is the nub of the problems in this country, the cause of the

bloody conflict that has engulfed the lives of South Africans: Those

who have been denied a voice demand an effective say in the running of

their country, in the decision-making here.

In spite of years of talk of reform, the government is not giving in on

this one.

Is the government reflecting the will of the people of South Africa?

From today we put that to the test.

The SOWETAN is leaping beyond apartheid, beyond all forms of racism

and partition. We ask every South African — black and white; young and old;

male and female; urban and rural — to pick the 10 people they believe

should be governing the country.

We want the voice of every South African to be heard, whether he be from

Bloemfontein or Kgabalatsane, from Naboomspruit of Bisho:, from Pretoria

or Umtata, from Sibasa or Mmabatho.

You may choose any South African you believe is capable of running this

country whatever his political persuations. Each person whose name you

send will get one vote.

71
The top 10 names will be the people that South Africans want to entrust

with the government of this country. The person with the highest votes

will be the one South Africans believe should be heading the government.

Our ballot will be running concurrently with the white elections,

so that we can effectively show what is possible in relation to what

is in fact happening in our country now.

On the day that the results of the white elections are announced, we will

also announce the results of the SOWETAN's Ballot Box.

Besides the chance to cast your vote, you also get the chance of debating

the issues facing this country. We invite readers to write to us

arguing the merits of their choices. We will regularly publish a sample

of the letters we get from readers.

Make sure your vote is heard.

/12624

CSO: 3400/954

72
FUNDS SCANDAL ROCKS SOWETO COUNCIL

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 1 Feh 87 p 1

[Article by Derrick Luthayi]

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] THE Soweto Council has been rocked by a

funds scandal with revelations this week

that Soweto councillors have been paying

themselves much more than they should.

I lie Soweto hinds scandal comes hot on the heels of

alleged misappropriation of funds by the Toko/a Town

Council where about l< 1,3-million has gone missing.

According to confidential documents in the possession

of (YM' Press, couneillois in Soweto have been paying

themselves Rl 200 each month K645 more than their

monthly allowances allow. And this they did without the

approval of the government.

Approved monthly allowances in Soweto arc R554 for

each councillor, but it lias been disclosed that from

October 10, 1985, Soweto councillors had paid themselves Rl 200 each month up to December 31, 1986.

'I he decision to increase the allowances was taken in a

meeting on I ebruary 18, 1986. Councillors agreed to pay

themselves allowances of Rl 200 in restrospect from

October 10, 1985.

I he government is furious about the move - and has

ordered repayments from each councillor.

The director-general of Constitutional Development

and Planning has ordered the councillors to repay the

money. In a confidential letter he said: "In order not to

cause undue inconvenience it is suggested that the total

excess amount of R5 756 be recovered in equal monthly

instalments of R480 and a final instalment of R476."

Another letter from the director-general sent on November 3, stated: "The draft bill on a pension fund for

councillors which was also to contain directives for

councillors allowances has

not been approved and will

probably be revised and resubmitted during the next

parliamentary session.

"In view of the above, it

is now necessary to give

further attention to the ultra vires decision taken by

your council in February

1986.

"The decision of the

council cannot be condoned and only those

allowances approved by

this department in terms of

the Act may be paid. This

entails the original approved R554 a month plus

the 20% increase of the

contingency allowance and

any overpayment made

must be recovered from

the councillors."

The Soweto controversy

follows the funds scandal

in the Tokoza Council,

which this week fired it's

mayor, Gcrarld Mmamabolo, and town clerk Doris

Thinane for alleged misapproriation of R1,3-niillion

from council funds. Doth

are now facing criminal

charges.

Johannesburg police liaison officer Col Malhcrbc

said police were investigating further charges that

part of the RI.3-million

was used to purchase

houses worth R95 000 and

R105 000 in Northcliff

and Montgomery Park.

73
SOUTH AFRICA

SOWETO CLERK CLAIMS CITY COUNCIL IS BANKRUPT

MB051852 Johannesburg SOWETAN in English 5 Feb 87 p 1, 4

[Article by Mandla Ndlazi]

[Text] The Soweto City Council is bankrupt. This was said during a press

conference in the council's committee room at the Jabulani chambers yesterday.

The town clerk, Mr Nico Malan, said the council was owed R29 million by the

residents who had not paid their water and electricity bills since June last

year.

Mr Malan said the council paid Escom [Electricity Supply Commission] and

Rand Water Board from reserver funds. These funds had now gone dry and that

was why the council was appealing to the residents to pay their rent, water

and electricity accounts.

Mr Malan said the reserve funds totalled R35 million. Part of this money

was used for the development of certain areas in Soweto. Such projects had

been stopped.

The council had managed to pay its accounts for bridging loans. He refused to

disclose the sources that gave the council such loans, but added that they

would repay the loans.

Mr. Julius Mdlalose, chairman of the council's housing committee said only a

few residents had paid their rent, water and electricity bills since June

last year.

Mr Mdlalose said the hundreds of residents who streamed to his office daily

told him that they needed council protection to pay their accounts.

"These people are prepared to pay but they have indicated that they were

afraid to do so because of the "siyayinyovas" [group of youths in Soweto

prone to violence and vandalism] said Mr Mdlalose. Mr Malan appealed to residents not to heed the pamphlets that were distributed by former councillor.

Mr Ephraim Tshabalala. He said the pamphlets indicated the amounts of rent

the residents and hostel dwellers were supposed to pay.

74
Mr Malan warned that electricity would be cut in most parts of Soweto in the

coming few weeks if the residents did not pay their bills.

The council was going to deal with the rent issue separately, and there was a

plan to see the State president, Mr P.W. Botha on this he said.

/6662

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75
SOUTH AFRICA

500 BLACKS TRAINED IN CONSTRUCTION

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 21 Jan 86 p 5

[Text] THERE are 28 women — including one aged 55 —

among the 500 blacks being trained in building techniques at a Durban construction firm as part of the

Government scheme to alleviate the chronic black

housing shortage.

When the Government announced the plan to set

aside money for this purpose, the firm Murray and

Roberts applied for an allocation and undertook to

train 1500 people at their training centre in Prospecton, south of Durban, and 1000 at their Richards Bay

training centre.

Five hundred are being trained in a three-week

home-building programme, at the end of which they

should be able to build their own homes — or build

for others.

Mrs Sue Renton, public relations officer for the

firm, said the first group had almost finished their

course — involving laying bricks, fixing roof trusses,

plastering walls and hanging doors.

They were about three-quarters of the way through

the course, after which anyone who showed he or she

had the aptitude would be given the option of choosing another one-week course to specialise in any particular field, such as plastering, plumbing, carpentry

and roofing, painting or glazing.

"It is not a course for the unemployed (although

most of them are out of work): it is just to teach

people skills they can use to help in the housing situation," she said.

"Last year we did it for unemployed people and

one of those we trained has since set up his own

business and is building houses — six-roomed houses,

at that — for other people."

The trainees were visited on site by the mayor of

Umlazi, Mr Rubin Mfeka, and the Umlazi member of

the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly, Mr Wimmington

Sabelo, who inspected the work being done.

Mr Sabelo said: "People have been coming back

and telling us how wonderful this training course is."

Candidates for training are selected in liaison with

local authorities. Since 1985, the firm has taught

21000 people the basic home-building skills.

/13104

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76
SOUTH AFRICA

FACTION VIOLENCE LEADS TO RESIGNATION OF 2,200 MINERS

MB021722 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1710 GMT 2 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg, 2 Feb (SAPA)—Over 2000 President Steyn Gold mine

workers resigned and left the mine near Welkom today — the culmination

of violent faction fighting since Decmeber which has left 39 dead and

177 injured.

"The prospect of renewed violence and consequent loss of life left

President Steyn management with no alternative but to request workers

to either return to their normal duties or to terminate the employment

with the mine," Anglo-American spokesman Mr John Kingley-Jones said in

a statement in Johannesburg tonight.

"This action by management resulted in 2,200 workers leaving the mine

today and was taken only after further outbreaks of violence last week,

which left 10 dead, and after an escalation of tension at the No 1 shaft

hostel over the weekend.

"Differences between Xhosa and Sotho employees emerged in mid-December

last year. Since then 39 of our employees have lost their lives and

177 have been injured. Continued efforts have been made by management

to resolve these differences and included several meetings with

representatives of the governments of Lesotno and Transkei.

"In addition, the local and regional committees of the National Union of

Mineworkers were consulted as to how these differences could best be

resolved. Despite the efforts of all these parties, these tensions persisted.

"The independent investigation into these incidents, commissioned by

President Steyn management in December, has been concluded by Advocate

Zulman and the results are expected shortly."

/12624

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77
PLAN TO RAISE ZULU STANDARD OF LIVING REVEALED

Durban THE DAILY NEWS in English 28 Jan 86 p 3

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] CAPE TOWN: An ambitious plan that will improve the quality of life

and provide an additional 80000 sites for blacks

in the Durban and Pie-:

termaritzburg area has

been recommended by a

joint KwaZulu/central

government council.

The report of the KwaZulu/Natal Planning

Council, which could affect the lives of hundreds

of thousands of Zulus,

was handed simultaneously to the two governments in Cape Town and

Ulundi yesterday.

The report, which is

being kept confidential

at this stage, is to be subject to negotiations between KwaZulu and the

central government.

The Minister of Constitutional Development,

Mr Chris Heunis, indicated at the handing over

ceremony in Cape Town

that the main problem

would be finance.

Although he hinted

that a substantial

amount of the money

could come from the proposed regional services

councils he gave the assurance that the proposals would not be used to

force KwaZulu to accept

the RSCs, which it has

consistently opposed.

Because black residential areas overlapped the

borders of KwaZulu and

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Natal, Mr Heunis said

the implementation of

the proposals could be

subjected to control by

the yet-to-be established

Joint Executive Author-

! ity for Natal and Kwai Zulu.

Dr Gerrit Viljoen, the

Minister of Education

and Development Aid,

revealed that contracts

totalling almost R100

million had been awarded in terms of an interim

report of the council,

which was handed to the

Government last year.

In handing the report

to the Government the

chairman of the council,

Bishop Alpheus Zulu, appealed to it to keep the

council in existence so

that it could help with

the implementation of

the proposals.

He said the council

had credibility among

the people and it was important that this credibility be maintained.

"The report is a sincere effort to bring immediate, short-term

needs of the blacks in the

area into focus and to

propose a programme

that alleviates the most

severe problems."

But Bishop Zulu

warned that the report

was based on "very conservative population

projections".

78
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

ANC 'INVOLVED' IN ORGANIZED CRIME—The Johannesburg-based Victims Against

Terror organization says its investigations have revealed that the African

National Congress is deeply involved in organized crime. Quoting senior South

African intelligence sources and ANC defectors, the organization says the

ANC has set up a vast and effective crime network.in South Africa and several

neighboring states. It says recently uncovered evidence points to the ANC's

large-scale involvement in serious crime, including drug and illicit diamond

dealing, armed robbery, and car theft. The organized crime operation falls

exclusively under the control of high-ranking members of the ANC's terrorist

arm, Umkhonto we Sizwe [Spear of the Nation' ANC military wing]. The Victims

Against Terror organization, which has links with similar organizations in the

United States and Britain, campaigns against terrorism and helps to rehabilitate its victims. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1100

GMT 6 Feb 87 MB] /6662

WOMEN-LED BLACK HOMES INCREASING—Pretoria Feb 12 SAPA—An increasing number

of women were heading black households, a UNISA [University of South Africa]

Bureau of Market Research survey has found. According to a news release in

Pretoria today, about 25 per cent of black households were now headed by

women. The survey also found that Sowetan families were best off in the country with an average income per person of Rl,756. Blacks in Kimberly and the

Cape peninsula earned the least with Rl,030 and Rl,061 respectively per person. The survey also found that black households spent about a third of their

cash income on food. It found that women were spending more on their personal

appearance, such as visits to the hairdresser and that malt beer was the most

popular alcoholic beverage in the townships. The survey detected a drop in

black birth rates in the metropolitan areas. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 1050 GMT 12 Feb 87 MB] /6662

UDF CONDEMNS ATTACK ON SISULU'S HOME—Johannesburg Feb 9 SAPA—The recent attacks on [Transvaal] United Democratic Front president, Mrs Albertina Sisulu's

home was part of an ongoing campaign against the organisation and its affiliates, said Mr Murphy Morobe, acting national publicity secretary for the UDF

in a statement. He added that Mrs Sisulu's stature in the community was such

that no one except political deviants and agents of apartheid would attempt

arson against someone who had done so much for the liberation struggle in

South Africa. "The intentions of those behind these diabolical attacks are

79
obvious. They want to do it in such a way that it would seem like the work

of other blacks," said the statement. Mr Morobe said the community of

Orlando West would be offering Mrs Sisulu the "security she deserves." He

added that those responsible for the attacks should realise that their actions

would not force Mrs Sisulu to shirk her responsibility of leading the UDF and

the democratic movement during thse difficult times. [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1557 GMT 9 Feb 87 MB] /6662

TROOPS WITHDRAW FROM NEW BRIGHTON—Port Elizabeth Feb 8 SAPA—Residents of

New Brighton Township, near Port Elizabeth, were surprised on Friday by the

sudden unexplained withdrawal of all security forces from the township where

they have been since last June 14. A report in the bi-weekly CITY PRESS

said today that for 7-1/2 months New Brighton has been sealed off by a twometre high razor wire fence and all four entrances were sealed off by security force roadblocks. All vehicles entering and leaving the area were stopped

and thoroughly searched. [At 1004 GMT on 8 February SAPA carried the following advisory : The Interdepartmental Press Liaison Centre, in accordance

with Regulation 3(1) of the regulations promulgated by Proclamation R224

of December 11, 1986, said today that our story Troops out from Port Elizabeth falls within the ambit of these regulations and the spokesman for the

SA Police has decided not to authorise publication.] [Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 0845 GMT 8 Feb 87 MB] /6662

FARISANI RELEASED FROM DETENTION—Johannesburg, 31 Jan (SAPA)—Dean

Tshenuweni Farisani, 39, of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of South Africa,

was released from detention in Venda yesterday afternoon, his wife Mrs

Mudzunga Farisani said. He was detained without: access to family or

lawyers by the Venda security police on 22 November on his return from a

meeting with the African National Congress in Lusaka. Mrs Farisani said

he had been on a hunger strike from Jan 1 but this was denied by Venda

authorities. The dean had however, spent time in the hospital while in

detention. This is the fourth time he has been detained but he has

never been charged. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1507 GMT 31 Jan 87

MB] /12624

GOVERNMENT-ANC TALKS REPORTEDLY SABOTAGED—A PFP MP says plans for talks

between the government and the ANC were sabotaged at the last minute.

Tiaan van der Merwe says the talks were set up last year by the Eminent

Persons Group [EPG] and both sides were on the verge of getting together.

The EPG asked the government under what conditions it would meet the outlawed

organization. The conditions were accepted by the ANC, but Mr van der Merwe

says the talks collapsed when the SADF raided Zimbabwe, Zambia, find Botswana.

iText] lUmtata Capital Radio in English 0500 GMT 2 Feb 87 MB] /12624

BOPHUTHATSWANA REQUIRING VISAS FROM TRAINMEN—Johannesburg, 4 Feb (SAPA) —

Rail traffic between South Africa and black Africa could be disrupted next

week because Bophuthatswana is demanding that Zimbabwean railwaymen operating

trains through its territory apply for visas from Monday. Late last year,

Bophuthatswana also refused to allow Botswana trains and crews to enter

its territory without visas. Mr Stephen Mogajane, director of information of

Bophuthatswana's Department of Foreign Affairs, denied the move was a ploy

by Bophuthatswana to force Zimbabwe and Botswana to recognize its

independence. "These coutnries would be violating Organization of African

Unity resolutions if they recognized us," he said. [ Text] [Johannesburg

SAPA in English 1205 GMT 4 Feb 87 MB] /12624

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SOUTH AFRICA

MAJOR FACTORS IN MINEWORKER VIOLENCE DISCUSSED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 28 Jan 87 p 1.1

[Article by Mike Siluma]

[Text] Ti,e past year has seen the

worst outbreak of fighting

among black miners in nearly a

decade, culminating in a war of

words between the main black

miners' union, the National

Union of Mineworkers (NUM),

and South Africa's mining giant,

Anglo American Corporation.

While the immediate and specific causes of fighting may differ from mine to mine, the migrant labour system and the accompanying single-sex hostel

accommodation easily emerge

as important factors in any examination of clashes among

black mineworkers.

According to Dr Kent McNamara, an official attached to the

Chamber of Mines' research organisation, underlying group

fighting on the mines was the

migrant labour system, as well

as living conditions in hostels

where up to 16 men often had to

share a single room.

Indicative of the high level of

tension generated by conditions

in the hostel rooms was the fact

that the rooms were the site

where most assaults had been

found to occur, said Dr McNamara, who, after eight years'

comprehensive research, recently completed a doctoral thesis on conflict on South African

mines.

Hostel fights tended to be

sparked by issues such as theft,

arguments over rations, women

or visitors who were unwelcome

to other room occupants.

Dr McNamara said the migrant labour system accounted

for the conflict between individuals taking an ethnic form and

involving social groups of workers.

"Individual conflict will take

an ethnic form because of the

social groups associated with

the migrant labour system.

Once on the mines, workers recruited from the same home

area would tend to stick together, with friendships forming

along regional lines.

"They have to do this because

the stresses associated with migrant labour, hostel conditions

and difficult underground work.

The only resources enabling a

man in that position to cope are

people — friends," explained Dr

McNamara.

. Emphasising that such friendships usually had as their basis

regional, rather than ethnic,

links, Dr McNamara said: "For

example, migrant workers from

the Ciskei and Transkei speak

the same language — Xhosa —

but would not belong to the

same social group as a result.

Rather, workers from each

area would develop friendships

on the basis of having regionally

common interests. Those from

the Transkei tend to come together to play rugby while those

from the Ciskei would be interested in cricket."

The result was that when a

fight broke out between two

workers from different social

81
groups over a purely personal

difference, the fight would be

joined by group members who

felt obliged to come to the defence of their fellow.

The high labour turnover

characterising black mine labour up to the late 1970s only

aggravated matters as it prevented the establishment of a

relatively stable community on

the mines.

Dr McNamara said tensions

may have been expected to reduce with the comparative stabilisation of the black labour

force in the 1980s.

On the contrary, the result

was the extension of the length

of time a man could hold on to a

job, thus slowing down the upward mobility of new recruits.

This led to an escalation in

the struggle to secure jobs — itself fuelled by the drought and

unemployment in the rural

areas.

Dr McNamara believes that

even enforcing residential integration among migrant workers

would not resolve the basic

problem of regionally based interests and antagonism.

The solution, he said, would

be to have a more stable, and

permanent workforce.

His view has been supported

to varying degrees by both the

NUM and Anglo American —

with both agreeing that clashes

between groups of black miners

were not inherently ethnic.

According to Anglo American

— in whose mines up to 80

workers died in faction fighting

in the past year — tension on

the mines, "much of which

exists by virtue of the single-sex

hostels and migrant labour system", has been heightened recently by, among other things,

the state of emergency and anx

iety over reports of repatriation

of foreign workers.

"Irresponsible action" such as

"trials" and executions (including the killing of four team leaders at one mine), illegal work

stoppages and coercion of workers to join boycotts of liquor

outlets and mine stores, had exacerbated the situation.

Anglo accused some NUM

branches of ignoring conflict

resolution procedures, leading

to violence.

Rejecting this assertion, the

NUM said all blame for the violence and death in mine fighting

had to be laid at the door of

management.

NUM Press officer Mr Marcel Golding said in addition to

the migrant labour system

being basic to mine violence, a

vital ingredient to the conflict

was the battle between a union

bent on abolishing "management structures of control and

domination" and employers trying to maintain a threatened

status quo. Of a union trying to

substitute management-created

structures for democratic worker-established ones.

"Management is attempting

to impose forms of authority,

such as the 'induna' system, designed to ensure maximum division and control of the workers.

But the NUM has come along

and seriously challenged these

very institutions that have made

it possible for mining bosses to

maintain their domination and

make profits.

"The Spamer case is just one

example of how far management would be prepared to go to

maintain its structures of domination. We have a number of

other examples where management has used indunas and

others to foment anti-union sentiments," said Mr Golding.

(In the above case a Rand Supreme Court judge made an urgent order restraining an assistant hostel manager at the

Marievale mine, Mr Johannes

Spamer, and an induna, a Mr

Mpinga, from causing injury or

death to two members of the

NUM. The unopposed order followed evidence that Mr Spamer

and Mr Mpinga had plotted to

assault, maim or burn union

members.)

Pointing to the disruption in

production brought on by mine

violence, Mr Golding said managements would be "willing to

suffer substantial losses to

maintain domination of the

workers".

Warning that there could not

be harmonious industrial relations on the mines until the "archaic structures which give rise

to conflict are removed", Mr

Golding accused Anglo of ignoring NUM proposals to help normalise the situation and prevent

further violence.

These included:

• Anglo should abolish the induna system.

• Management must not house

workers according to language

groups and should remove the

migrant labour system to allowing workers to live with their families.

• Management should dismantle the emergency protection

unit whereby white miners were

used as security personnel

against black colleagues during

strikes.

In response, Anglo, Gold

Fields and Gencor denied involvement in any anti-NUM activity. Spokesmen for both Anglo

and Gencor said the NUM had

failed to produce evidence of

any such management activity.

All three companies said they

were committed to freedom of

industrial association.

An Anglo spokesman said the

company agreed with the NUM

that the migrant labour system

and hostels had to be abolished.

"We are on record as saying

we have to move away from the

migrant labour system and towards a situation where all of

our employees live with their

families near to their place of

employment.

"We are working actively towards this goal. In view of the

number of people involved and

the attendant costs, it will be

some time before our objective

in this area is achieved," said

the spokesman.

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82
SOUTH AFRICA

NGK FACTIONS PRESENT RESPECTIVE VIEWS

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 2.9 Jan 87 p .1.1

[Article by Carina le Grange]

[Text] Reports that the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk is threatened by a major

split and severe financial difficulties has been categorically denied by a senior

executive member of the Church, Professor Flip van der Watt, and the Moderator, Professor Johan Heyns.

The leader of a dissident movement opposed to the decision to open the

church to all races, Professor Willie Lubbe, said yesterday that people were

"streaming" to the movement's Pretoria office and money was pouring into

their coffers instead of going to the NGK.

Judging from discussion sessions in congregations in Pretoria, Marikana, the far

Northern Transvaal, the Orange Free

State and Johannesburg, only the minority

— and in most cases a minimal number —

is dissatisfied.

Dealing with other issues claimed by

the CCDM, the NGK leaders reply that:

• Professor Heyns never "went further

than the synod decision on clause 270" and

that he kept closely to the synod decision

on "apartheid" during the BBC inteview.

He said while some people opposed the

decision, not all will leave the church and

there was no threat of a split.

• Some church councils took decisions opposing clause 270, but Professor van der

Watt says he was not once given the impression that they are withholding their

money. He does not know about a single

congregation where the minister has been

victimised by not receiving his stipend.

• People should not fear and expect to be

engulfed by new black members. Professor van der Watt, who will be conducting

more discussion sessions on clause 270,

said: "Membership is also determined

geographically."

Each congregation visited has been re

minded that while the NGK is open, the

concept of four different churches for

whites, blacks, Indians and coloureds has

not been done away with, and cannot be

done away with since different people

have different needs.

• Professor van der Watt sees no contradiction or ambiguity in Dr Fourie's article

in Die Kerkbode and he supports Dr

Fourie's view.

•Only one person openly indicated that

he was leaving the Church, making a

mockery of the claim that people are

"streaming" to the CCDM. He says the

moderature of the Northern Transvaal

had no knowledge of 15 "rebellious" congregations in Pretoria.

•The NHK has itself warned that it

should deal carefully with the issue of

blacks attending its services. Dissatisfied

NGK members may well find blacks attending NHK services.

• Professor van der Watt has not once

been contradicted with scriptural argument on the decision taken to open the

Church, while he himself has tried to explain the decision "in the light of the Gospel".

• He stresses that even where church

councils had differed from the decision,

discussions had taken place in good spirit

and with open minds, and that he had also

explained it was not tfee way of the

Church to withhold money.

83
• He says he found most people's opposition politically motivated, heightened

emotionally by the forthcoming election.

Up to 15 congregations in Pretoria are openly rebelling against

the decision to open the Church to

all races.

"Thousands of people in the

Church do not want to worship

with blacks. Dissent is growing,

with more and more people joining our movement. Although the

NGK leadership denies this, they

will eventually have to concede

the fact," said Professor Lubbe,

chairman of the Continuation

Committee of Dissatisfied Members (CCDM).

Other claims are that:

•The CCDM demand thelfesignation of Professor Heyns from all

his official posts, in the Church

due to his interpretation of apartheid and the synod decision in a

recent BBC interview. In South

Africa this week, Professor Heyns

said the decision's influence on

the Church was "minimal". Professor Lubbe replied it seemed

the NGK leadership was backtracking on its otherwise liberal

stand.

• Some congregations are unable

to pay their minister's stipend because members of the CCDM pay

their tithes into a contingency

fund set up by the movement late

last year in preparation for a

Church "under Afrikaners". This

will be started should the NGK

not reverse its decision on open

membership.

• "Hundreds" of NGK members

have started attending services at

the whites-only Nederduitsch

Hervormde Kerk, which has a

clause in its constitution expressly forbidding black membership.

• Vcrlig ministers and their

verkramp church councils, mainly in northern Pretoria, have

clashed as the rift over open

membership grows, and in one

case two ministers of the same

congregation are in conflict over

the implications of the synod decision.

•The Marikana congregation has

formally asked Professor Heyns

to resign.

• About eight Orange Free State

congregations, including Hcilbron

and Vierfontein, have suspended

their synodical contributions.

•Thousands of NGK members

have said they will vote for the

right wing in the general election.

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84
SOUTH AFRICA

INDABA DIRECTOR REFUTES CLAIMS BY HEUNIS

MB061115 Johannesburg SAPA in English 0951 GMT 6 Feb 87

[Text] Durban, Feb 6, SAPA—KwaZulu-Natal Indaba Director Prof Dawis van Wyk

has expressed "dismay" at what.he terms Mr Chris Heunis' latest attack "on a

serious constitutional initiative which has captured the imagination both

locally and internationally." The attack, Prof Van Wyk says, was made by

the minister of constitutional development and planning on SABC television

last night.

"The Indaba has no wish to enter the.party political arena, least of all in

the current election campaign. However, at least six points raised by

Mr Heunis were so grossly inaccurate and misleading that I am forced to respond," he said.

Prof Van Wyk said the Natal Agricultural Union did not alter its status as an

Indaba delegation, as Mr Heunis has said.

The Indaba was not drawn into the political arena by other parties, as

claimed by Mr Heunis. They were at pains to prevent this happening, and it

was the minister of home affairs, Mr Stoffel Botha, who had first made the

Indaba a political issue.

Mr Heunis' statement on TV last night that he was "forced" to react prematurely to the Indaba proposals befcre they had been studied and commented

on by the KwaZulu Government and the Natal provincial administration, [sentence as received] Who had forced him? Certainly not any of the groupings

that had signed the Indaba agreement, Prof Van Wyk said.

It was grossly misleading to have suggested, as Mr Heunis had done, that

the Indaba envisaged financial independence for Natal, which would lead to

bankruptcy. There was not a single region in South Africa that could survive

without funding from the central treasury.

Finally, Prof Van Wyk said, it was absolutely untrue to have suggested that

the Indaba proposals were rushed through and that the process of negotiation was not allowed to run its full course.

85
The final weeks of discussion had dragged on interminably, even though it was

abundantly clear that differences between the majority and the dissenting

minority were irreconcilable. The process had had to end somewhere.

"The Indaba chairman, Prof Desmond Clarence, and I are studying a record of

Mr Heunis' interview and intend issuing a detailed analysis at a later stage,"

Prof Van Wyk added.

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86
SOUTH AFRICA

COSATU AFFILIATES DISCUSS OK STRIKE SUPPORT ACTION

MB091915 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1824 GMT 9 Feb 87

[Text] Johannesburg Feb 9 SAPA—More than 200 worker-delegates from 54 Anglo

American companies met in Johannesburg yesterday to discuss support action

for the OK workers strike.

The workers, from 11 Congress of South African Trade Unions affiliates expressed their firm commitment to use "all possible means of pressure to obtain victory" in the strike, according to a statement issued jointly by the

Commercial, Catering and Allied Workers Union of South Africa [CCAWUSA] and

COSATU.

"The meeting expressed unequivocal support for the OK workers struggle for a

living wage and condemned the tactics being used by management against the

workers," said the statement. "The meeting expressed firm commitment to use

all possible means of pressure to obtain victory in the OK workers' strike."

The delegates further condemned the detentions under the emergency regulations

that occurred in Port Elizabeth on Saturday morning, February 7. The statement said that this came shortly after a meeting between Mr Adriaan Vlock,

minister of law and order, and OK bazaars in which the issue of detentions

was discussed.

It was further decided that workers from each company should approach their

management to pressurise OK to reinstate the workers dismissed during the

strike and to continue negotiations in a serious manner.

The action by certain COSATU affiliates who have refused to deliver supplies

to OK bazaars was also noted and endorsed.

CCAWUSA members have been on strike at OK bazaars stores throughout the country since December. They are demanding wage increases of R160-a-month and

minimum wage of R450 a month.

/6662

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87
SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY VIEWS ARGUMENTS ON REFORM TEMPO

MB090550 Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 9 Feb 87

[Station commentary]

[Text] It is ironic that after a year in which South Africa has experienced

the most fundamental reforms in its history as an independent state, one of

the most hotly argued political issues in the country is whether there really

is a commitment to reform. Actually, this description of the issue is

somewhat misleading. It suggests that the argument is concerned solely with

the tempo of reform, and reflects different views on how rapidly the process

should unfold. In fact, however, underlying the debate are more deep-rooted

differences about the direction reform should take—what the end goal for

South Africa should be.

Obviously, where one political group has different goals from another, reforms

proposed by the other will not be regarded as in any way sufficient. Nevertheless, the tempo of reform is one of the big talking points in national politics at present, and since all significant groups in white politics want

changes of one kind or another in the political and social structures, all

are necessarily concerned with questions about a feasible tempo, and hence

the mechanics of reform. It is a truism that in complex human situation,

any significant change generates—through the interaction of the people—

further developments, both beneficial and disruptive. This is all the more

so when an entire society undertakes a process of fundamental restructuring.

And, when it aims to do so along the route of democratic reform with the

support of the electorate and through negotiated [word indistinct] with other

groups, the challenge becomes awesome indeed.

That the pace of reform is largely dependent on the influence of a multitude

of factors in such a situation goes without saying. In South Africa, with

its commitment to expanding democracy, the most intractable aspect of constitutional reform is undoubtedly the striving to achieve consensus on major

changes. Each stage of the chain of evaluating, planning, and finally implementing particular reforms has to meet the test of agreement reached through

negotiation among those who would be affected. On one hand that means identifying black leaders who represent the affected groups, and securing their

cooperation for negotiation.

88
Building mutual trust as a basis for proceeding can be a laborious process

in itself. It is made still more difficult by the campaign of intimidation

of moderate black leaders pursued by violent radicals in recent years.

Simultaneously, a reformist government has, of necessity, to retain the

support of its own constituency in a democratic set-up. An extensive program

of explaining goals to convince voters of the need for change is no small

part of the time-consuming process that finally leads to a negotiated agreement.

As if the situation were not already sufficiently complicated, it is made even

more so by the disruptive effects of foreign intereference in the reform

debate. Apart from the economic repercussions, foreign interference has

hardened attitudes on all sides, causing further polarization and reducing

negotiating possibilities. There are, of course, other factors influencing

the tempo of reform, one of them being the economic resources available to the

state. And the very fact that change has a ripple effect in all areas of

society and is therefore inherently destabilizing, imposes a need for periods

of merely consolidating what has been achieved so far. What is essential,

however, in the debate on how fast reform should take place in South Africa,

is that the limits which are set by the goal to expand democracy may not be

ignored.

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NATION'S FIRST MULTI-RACIAL SCHOOL OPENS NEW ERA IN EDUCATION

Uthongathi To Be Model

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 13 Jan 87 p 1

[Article by Sbu Mngadi]

[Text]

A NEW era in education

dawned this week with the

opening of South Africa's

first non-racial school,

Uthongathi.

On their first day at the

first "normal" school, the

104 boys and girls from

wide-ranging cultural

backgrounds seemed keen

to mix - but still shy.

Uthongathi - built near

Tongaat by the New Era

Schools Trust - is said to

be a model of future education if SA is to be a peaceful society.

The R9-mil!ion school

starts with 104 pupils

while 1 200 applied.

The name Uthongathi is

derived from local history.

The story goes that weary

travellers to Zululand

stopped a group of locals in

Tongaat and asked where

they could drink and water

their cattle.

They were shown a dirty

stream - which the travellers scornfully dismissed.

The angry locals retorted that to the travellers it

might not seem much but

to them it was "Uthongathi" - a thing of significance.

Founder headmaster

Richard Thompson, 38,

said it was appropriate that

SA's first truly non-racial

and "normal" school be

called Uthongathi.

"To us it is not only a

name - but our motto."

SA has many so-called

"multiracial" schools

which are in fact all predominantly white with a

sprinkling of black children, said Thompson, a former deputy headmaster of

such a school - St Martins

in Johannesburg.

Welcoming his pupils,

Thompson said: "The era

we are starting today is the

one in which colour means

nothing to us.

"We are South Africans

first and foremost.

"Our objective is to create a new order."

Believing effective communication between the

races can be achieved best

by children of different

cultural backgrounds attending school together,

the NEST plans more

multi-racial schools in the

eastern and western Cape

and the Transvaal.

Uthongathi will involve

pupils in running aiici

maintaining the school.

Though it opened with a

single Standard 5 class,

two Standard 6 classes and

a Standard 7 class, it aims

at an enrollment of 300 bv

1990.

English, Afrikaans and

Zulu are all treated as official languages which

should be learned by everybody at school.

The principal said nonracial education is "without question the answer in

this country and should be

developed if we are to cope

with the needs of the future.

"We're going to see

many more ot this type ol

school in South Africa."

The fees at Uthongathi

arc R2 200 for day pupils

and R5 500 for borders

Headmaster Explains Significance of New School

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 23-29 Jan 87 p 14

[Article by Carmel Rickard]

[Text] One hundred boys and girls stared solemnly at. the headmaster while lie

told them they were making history just by being at school.

90
"The eyes of all of South Africa are

on us," said Richard Thompson,

"because what we are doing is

completely new."

He is the head of Uthongathi, the

new non-racial school on Natal's

north coast, which opened last week.

Thompson's claim that Uthongathi

is the country's first non-racial school

might surprise those aware of the long

battle w;'<jed by church schools for the

right to open their doors to all, and

their eventual decision to go ahead

anyway, in the face of government

disapproval.

The difference, explains Thompson,

is that these schools are jasically white

institutions which have "opened their

doors" and admitted a sprinkling of

other races.

All Thompson's previous teaching

experience has been at St Martin's in

Johannesburg. When he began there in

1972, it was a school for white boys

only. Since then it has opened its doors

wider — first to girls and then to

pupils of all races.

"You could s.-.y that has made me

aware of tb" problems involved in

becomir. - an open school," he says.

"But really I believe the difficulties

people imagine you would experience

exist in their imagination only.

Child:en cim adapt to anything. We

never hnd ;:ny racial incident at St

Martin's — we just gave children the

opportunity to work, live and play

together."

At Uthongathi, each of the four

official race nroups is represented in

roughly eqe: numbers.

Tin; school is owned by the New Era

Schools Trust (Nest), and is the first

of a number of similar schools

planned for different parts of the

country.

A number of bursaries have been

awarded students who could otherwise

not afford the R5 500 annual fee for

boarders or the R2 000 day-scholar's

fees.

Thompson, who holds an honours

degree in geography from Potchefstroom University, had to leave Natal

Univcrsi.y and return to his parents'

home in Potchefstroom because of his

family's financial difficulties.

"That'1; made me very sensitive to

the needs of children who come from

an economically disadvantaged background," he says. "For example, we

'are koepiiv a elesi watch on the stationery thai parents are asked to buy."

The school board insists no children

are refused admission to the school

because of their parents' financial

position. Extensive fund-raising has

enabled a 'substantial number" of

students to be subsidised.

So far the school has four classes,

and matric should be written at the

school for the first time in 1990.

Thompson told the pupils at their

first assembly on Wednesday that

Uthongathi would differ from other

schools in more than racial mix.

There were no servants at the school,

so everyon<: would have to help with

domestic < hores — "so don't be

surprised if yo'.i see me sweeping the

corridor or up to my elbows washing

dishes."

On moi. general policy, he

acknowledges i

- will be important to

keep the pupils in ?ouch with the

reality of the world <-'.side the school,

;.:id he also recogni »tnat while white

pupils often leave school with no idea

i about South African politics, black

students are p> 1'ticised from an early

age. He plant >■■■ introduce a political

|education class, so that students will

learn what each party or political

: grouping stands for.

And he has similar schemes for

dealing with religion. As pupils come

from many different faiths, he will be

starting comparative riiigion classes

rather than religious education

lessons, and wants to see pupils of the

different faiths taking it in turns to

lead assembly.

Thompson is a voracious reader,

who ias already introduced a halfhour reading period into the school

time-table. His o'her passion is hiking

and rock-climbing, and he will

introduce into Uthonsathi a system

which worked well at St Martin'.-.

Every year he plans to take each class

on a kind of "outward bound

experience", to the Drnl-.tnsbei u

where they will learn appreciation oi

the environment and conservation as

well as some basic rock clirr.bing and

survival techniques.

The school is registered with the

Natal Education Department and will

write their matric exam, and as far as

the government is concerned, he says,

"I believe they regard this as an

important experiment and that they

are watching very closely."

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91
SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CONFIDENCE APPEALS FOR BOTHA PROGRAM—House of Delegates Feb 10 SAPA—Both

the business sector and the Progressive Federal Party were practising racial

discrimination but they had behind the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, to

ensure that the arrows were fired at him, the chairman of the Minister's

Council, Mr Amichand Rajbansi, said today. Speaking in the no confidence

debate, he said he did not want to comment on the "Ball affair" because it

was subjudice. However, he wished to say that certain businesses practised

discrimination when they were not compelled to do so. The PFP also practised

apartheid in the municipalities it controlled "but they all hide behind the

state president and let the arrows go to him." Mr. P.W. Botha had made it

clear that South Africa was "at the beginning of the grand highway of reform",

Mr Rajbansi said. He appealed to all MP's in the delegates to unite and put

their confidence in Mr Botha and in the constitutional future of South Africa.

On the subject of "own affairs", Mr Rajbansi said the concept would die the

day the Group Areas Act was scrapped. While he looked forward to the day when

there was one house of parliament, the fact that the rules of parliament now

provided for joint debates—which could be held later this year or next year—

showed that the government had made progress. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 1648 GMT 10 Feb 87 MB] /6662

BETTER LINKS WITH U.S. POLITICIANS—The Institute of American Studies at the

Rand Afrikaans University says in a memorandum that it is time healthy relationships were built up with the new generation of American politicians. This

demands that as far as foreign policy is concerned preference be given to the

American Congress and important organizations, and groups which have an influence on the American decision-making process. The institute says it is

necessary that the political profiles of the most important Democrats in the

American Senate be made available to all South African diplomats. [Text]

[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 8 Feb 87 MB] /6662

MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES IN CAPE TOWN—Cape Town, Feb 11 SAPA—The chairman of

Cape Town's Executive Committee, Mr Dick Friedlander, says the decision to

establish six new coloured management committees in the Cape Peninsula comes

as no surprise but the council's opposition to them remains. Management committees, each with five nominated members, are to be established in Mitchells

Plain, Woodstock, Retreat, Salt River, Walmer Estate and Schotsche Kloof.

92
SABC radio news reported Mr Friedlander as saying council policy was that all

ratepayers should be directly represented on the council and not simply in an

advisory capacity. He said the aim of the new management committees was to

give its members representation on the proposed regional services council.

[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1138 GMT 11 Feb 87 MB] /6662

BLACK'S IN COLORED TOWNSHIP OPPOSED—Cape Town Feb 11 SAPA—As the deadline

draws closer for the "mixed-race" Noordhoek squatters to move to Kayelitsha,

the chairman of the Ocean View Management Committee has confirmed his committee was opposed to the presence of Africans in the coloured township. The

management committee chairman, Mr Yusuf Chothia "further mentioned his committee was of the opinion that the squatter families living in the white

group areas of Fish Hoeak, Noordhoek and Kommetjie must be classified in terms

of the Group Areas Act and where a coloured woman was living with an African

she would have to be rehoused with her husband in the area where he was supposed to live." Asked for comment, Mr Chothia said yesterday: "I am not

opposed to the Africans, I am not opposed to anybody, but I am bound by the

laws of the land." A spokesman for the divisional council yesterday confirmed

that sites in the Khayelitsha site and service scheme were now available and

the squatters would be consulted soon about their moving. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0728 GMT 11 Feb 87 MB] 76662

CALL FOR DETAINED PROFESSOR'S RELEASE—Cape Town Feb 12 SAPA—A group of 110

South African legal academics, including a number from Afrikaner-speaking

universities, have called for the release from detention of Mr Raymond

Suttner, a senior lecturer in law at the University of Witwatersrand. Mr Sutter, a leading figure in the United Democratic Front, has been in detention

since the emergency was declared on June 12 last year. The academics all

signed a petition which said: "As legal colleagues, we urge the minister

to release Mr Suttner immediately." The organisers of the petition, Professor Dennis David of the University of Cape Town, Dr Hugh Corder of Stellenbosch

University and Miss Catherine Albertyn of Wits, wrote to the minister of law

and order, Mr Adriaan Vlok, in December last year. In their letter, they

attached a copy of the petition and said: "As lawyers teaching at South

African universities, we are particularly concerned at the continued detention

of our colleague, Mr Raymond Suttner. He has now been detained for more than

180 days, which is even longer than the statutory provision under the amendment internal security. As lawyers, we find it difficult to accept the concept of detention without trial and are deeply distressed that a person can

be held as a prisoner for some six months without appearing in court on any

charge," they said. Prof Davis said yesterday that they had not yet received

a reply from Mr Vlok. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0813 GMT 12 Feb

87 MB] 76662

CWIU TO STRIKE OVER DISCRIMINATION—Johannesburg Feb 11 SAPA—Over 700 members

of the Chemical Workers' Industrial Union (CWIU) prepared to down tools at

FEDMIS Phalaborwa this morning after voting "overwhelmingly" in favour of a

strike over alleged racial discrimination, union press officer, Miss Chris

Bonner said. The Union claimed FEDMIS were paying white workers higher wages

93
than black workers. "Although FEDMIS are trying to camouflage this behind a

facade of grading, naked racism is the issue," the CWIU general secretary,

Mr Rod Crompton, said. FEDMIS senior personnel officer, Mr Etienne Louw,

denied the allegations. "I don't know what they mean," he said. This company

believes in equal opportunity for everybody and racial discrimination does not

form any part of the policy. The minimum pay level for whites and blacks is

the same. Some earn more than the minimum because of years of experience and

qualification." He said no meeting to discuss the discrimination issue was

planned. "We have been meeting regularly to negotiate a notice of retrenchment and an official recognition agreement. This issue has been one of the

points on the agenda but it hasn't been discussed yet." CWIU had declared a

dispute on job gradings "but were still waiting for the minister of manpower to

appoint a conciliation board," Mr Louw said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in

English 0928 GMT 11 Feb 87 MB] /6662

MAWU ADD FOR GENERAL SECRETARY RELEASE--The Metal and Allied Workers' Union

[MAWU] is running adds calling for the release of its general secretary. The

adds say Moses Mayekiso has been held for seven months without a charge or

indictment against him. The MAWU advert also condemns the detention of four

other MAWU members and calls on their employers to pay their full wages.

[Text] [Umtata Capital Radio in English 0700 GMT 6 Feb 87 MB] /6662

ANTIAPARTHEID 'CALL' FOR NP OUSTER—-Johannesburg, Feb 5, SAPA—-There would be

no peace and justice in South Africa as long as the National Party remained

in power, an ad hoc group of whites opposed to appartheid said today. Reacting to the state president, Mr T.'W. Botha's criticism of the group in parliament yesterday it said in a statement today: "The trouble with the state

president is that he is not prepared to tolerate an opposition. He should not

be wasting parliament's time when he has so much to answer for. We're astounded

that the state president has to get his information from Lusaka about a small

group of South Africans who are deeply anxious about the future of their country. We're convinced there can be no justice and peace while the National

Party remains in power." The statement was issued after a meeting in Johannesburg last night. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0640 GMT 5 Feb 87 MB]

76662

'BLACK SASH' CRITICISM OF BOTHA—Johannesburg Feb 5 SAPA—The Transvaal branch

of the Black Sash today criticised verbal attacks on individuals and organisations by the state president, Mr P.W. Botha, in parliament yesterday. "The

National Party increasingly appears to be losing its grip on the country and

reality, and is flailing around attacking everything and everyone in sight,"

a statement from the Sash's Transvaal region said. The Sash said Mr Botha

launched "scurrilous attacks against individuals, leading businessmen and

organisations peacefully opposed to apartheid. If the government had successfully stemmed unrest it would lift press curbs because it would have nothing

to fear from the truth. The^Transvaal region of the Black Sash is extremely

disturbed that the government is trying to smear organisations and individuals

who are motivated by a sincere desire for justice, peace and an end to

apartheid. The state president's comments in parliament do not augur well for

the sort of climate the forthcoming election will be conducted in, or for

94
future peace." A cabinet minister alleged that the government-issued unrest

figures were not criticised by organizations such as the Black Sash, which

was untrue, the statement said. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 15A6

GMT 5 Feb 87 MB] /6662

JODAC DENIES LINKS TO ANC, SACP—Johannesburg, Feb 5, SAPA—The Johannesburg

Democratic Action Committee [JODAC] was not manipulated by the ANC nor the

SACP and had no links with these organisations, a JODAC spokesman said in a

statement today. JODAC has rejected the State President Mr P.W. Botha's

"implication" in a speech in parliament yesterday that the organisation was

"open to manipulation" by the African National Congress or the South African

Communist Party. Mr Botha referred to "radical organisations" in his speech.

"JODAC wishes to stress that it has no links with the ANC or the SACP and is

not responsible for what the ANC chooses to write in its intelligence reports,"

the statement said. JODAC was a legal organisation affiliated to the United

Democratic Front, it said.. The statement added the South African Government

had never proved the UDF's connection with the ANC, and that government had

failed—at a treason trial held in Pietermaritzburg—to prove the UDF had

ANC connection. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 1817 GMT 5 Feb 87 MB]

/6662

BLACKS URGED TO JOIN BAR—It was essential that blacks be trained for the

Supreme Court Bench in South Africa, the executive council of the General

Council of the Bar of South Africa decided at a meeting at the weekend.

The secretary of the council, Mr Dan Joubert, said it had appointed Mr

Arthur Chaskalson, vice-chairman of the General Council of the Bar, to

examine steps to encourage more young black people to join the bar. Mr

Chaskalson would consider ways of implementing the Bar's decision to "make

a determined effort to draw more young blacks to it by promoting the

profession and endeavouring to alleviate some of the initial financial

burden it entails. The Bar is aware of the difficulties which exist.

Both the standard of black education and the financial burden which faces

any young beginner at the bar make it difficult for young blacks to enter

the ranks of the profession," a statement released after the meeting said.

But it is essential to the future of the country that blacks be trained for

the Supreme Court Bench," the statement said. The General Council of the

Bar is the governing body of all practising advocates in South Africa.

It promotes the administration of justice, comments on new legislation and

deals with the ethics of legal practice. The meeting discussed "contingency

fees" whereby lawyers were paid only if their client's claim succeeded.

This idea was one "long since accepted by the Bar," the statement said.

However, a distinction should be drawn between the payment of proper legal

fees if the claim succeeded and the American system in which lawyers

negotiated for a percentage of the damages awarddd their client by the

court. This system could lead to "grave abuse and can never be supported

by the Bar," the meeting decided. [Text] [Johannesburg THE STAR in

English 28 Jan 87 p 15] /9317

PUPIL BODY LISTS DEMANDS—The National Students' Co-ordinating Committee

(Nascos)—the umbrella body of pupils' organisations throughout the

country—has welcomed the mass return to school. But Nascoc has rejected

"apartheid education," and listed a series of demands. At a weekend

meeting, delegates from throughout the country called for schoolgoers to

campaign for the release of their detained peers and for pupils to strengthen

their SRCs. Nascoc said the community should support its campaign for the

95
release of detained pupils. The following demands were listed: The withdrawal of the SADF from townships and schools; The admission of all pupils

at schools; The withdrawal of the Department of Education and Training

requirement that a parent or legal guardian accompany Soweto and Alexandra

high school pupils when they register. [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in

English 29 Jan 87 p 3] /9317

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SOUTH AFRICA

JAPANESE OFFICIAL ENVISAGES MORE SANCTIONS

MB061053 Dakar PANA in English 0955 GMT 6 Feb 87

[Text] Harare, 6 Feb (PANA)—Japanese trade with South. Africa will decline

gradually as the situation in South Africa worsens, a Japanese Government

official Mr Kunisada Kume said in Harare on Wednesday.

In an interview with PANA, Mr Kume said although his government has been pursuing a free trade policy with the Boer regime, things were changing due to

South Africa's destabilization activities against Frontline States.

We have been imposing sanctions on South Africa for the last twenty years

despite this free trade policy, and we envisage more sanction measures if the

situation does not improve, he said.

He pointed out that the first sanction measures against South Africa by Japan

were applied in mid 1960's mainly on the ban of investments and the 1970's

sanctions measures against the racist regime included restriction to loans,

cultural, sports, and academic exchanges.

Mr Kume said Japan would strengthen cooperation with Frontline States and

liberation movements in pursuit of peace [word indistinct] development in the

region.

We have been opposed to the system of apartheid since a long time, he said,

urging Pretoria to dismantle apartheid as soon as possible.

Noting that Japan has not lost hope that dialogue between white minorities

in South Africa and African leaders will take place, Mr Kume expressed his

government's continued efforts to bring about such a dialogue for a free

multiracial democratic South Africa.

Mr Kume who is leading a six man study mission to Frontline States expressed

his government's readiness to further strengthen cooperation with the countries in the field of food supply, production and storage in view of the

worsening situation in the region due to South Africa's policies of aggression.

97
On the problem of transportation which face most landlocked countries of the

Frontline States, Mr Kume said that his team would study the kind of assistance it can offer in future.

He said his delegation would also study the Beira corridor situation during

their five day tour in order to find out whether Japan could be of help.

Unfortunately Japan Beira corridor [word indistinct] military assistance to

a foreign country, but we will study the situation and see what concrete

development projects can be of assistance, he said. [sentence as received]

Mr Kume stated further that his government was examining in what way Japan

could contribute to the Africa Fund established recently at the initiative

of the Nonaligned Movement (NAM) to help the Frontline States.

If we come to the conclusion that contribution to the Africa Fund will be the

most effective way to cooperate with Frontline States, then we will consider

the possibility, he added.

The Japanese delegation which arrived in the country on Wednesday has already

visited Tanzania. After Harare the team will go to Zambia before visiting

Mozambique.

Their visits to the four Frontline States is a follow-up to the meeting held

in Tokyo in November last year between Japan's Foreign Minister Tadash Kuranari,

and a delegation of NAM ministers of foreign affairs led by Zimbabwe Foreign

Minister Witness Mangwende.

As a result of the visits Japan expects to strengthen economic cooperation

with states neighbouring South Africa which may suffer economic difficulties

due to developments in South Africa.

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98
SOUTH AFRICA

SCHWARZ CLAIMS PRESIDENT HARMS BUSINESS CONFIDENCE

MB091536 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1431 GMT 9 Feb 87

[Text] House of Assembly Feb 9 SAPA—The state president, Mr P.W. Botha,

should be advised to keep out of economic affairs and debates, the official

opposition spokesman on finance, Mr Harry Schwarz, said today.

Speaking during the second reading debate on the mini-budget, he said that

every time Mr Botha entered economic debates, he destroyed business confidence

and did harm to South Africa.

"The government has destroyed the confidence of business and consumers in the

country and the confidence of people overseas in this country.

"And just when it looked like things might have been coming right, you go

and make a balls story of the possibility of restoring an upswing in confidence among businessmen in this country," Mr Schwarz said.

To restore business confidence, the mini-budget debate should have started

with an apology from Mr Botha for his remarks about the managing director

of Barclays Bank, Mr Chris Ball, and a pro-ANC advertisement, Mr Schwarz said.

The state president should also have apologised over his criticism of newspaper reports quoting economic views of the governor of the reserve bank,

Dr Gerhard de Kock.

Mr Schwarz said Mr Botha's statements had been made to sweep up emotions

for the sake of "a few votes".

"The honourable state president should be advised to keep out of economic

affairs. Every time he does he does harm to South Africa and business confidence," Mr Schwarz added.

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99
SOUTH AFRICA

PFP'S SCHWARZ OPPOSES 'IMMORAL' BUDGET PROPOSAL

MB091529 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1418 GMT 9 Feb 87

[Text] House of Assembly Feb 9 SAPA—The government was using "unethical

methods" in offering voters "sweets" in the mini-budget and saving the

Vmedicine" until after the election, the official opposition spokesman on

finance, Mr Harry Schwarz, said today. Opposing the second reading of the

mini-budget, he said the budget should be presented as a whole, with full

accounts of revenue and expenditure. "You should not come before the election

and dish out a few sweets, and then administer the medicine after the election.

This is an immoral thing that the honourable minister (of finance) has done.

Mr Schwarz was ordered by the chairman, Mr Rex le Roux, to withdraw the word

"immoral," which he did.

He said that, in the mini-bduget before the 1974 election, the then minister

of finance, Dr Nie Diederichs, had said the National Party did not need to

introduce favourable measures to attract voters "but now the National Party

needs to use these unethical methods," Mr Schwarz said.

He moved as an amendment that the House decline to pass the second reading of

the bill because the government had failed to administer the economy effectively and to apply appropriate fiscal and monetary policies and, "by reason

of its blunders, has seriously contributed to high inflation, unemployment,

instability and debasement of the country's currency".

Mr Schwarz said the minister of finance, Mr Barend du Plessis, had implied

in his mini-budget speech that public servants would be granted salary increases "if they are good and vote for the NP. "He says it in so many words.

I have never seen such political impudence in my life. He is keeping the

public servants on a string."

The minister had also underestimated the married women of South Africa in

the additional tax relief he had granted. "The married women of South Africa

can't be bought. He (Mr du Plessis) thinks that with a few rands he can get

the married women to vote for the NP. But they are fed up with this minister

and his government."

100
Mr Schwarz said he was not saying that tax relief and salary increases were

not justified, but he believed this should be done as part of a full budget.

He said that most of Mr Du Plessis's predictions in last year's.budget on

inflation, economic growth and business confidence had been proved wrong.

Under NP rule, Mr Schwarz said, inflation had increased, disposable income

had dropped and "an unholy mess" had been made of exchange control."

In addition, the government fed the country with statistics on unemployed

people that were "unadulterated garbage".

"What worries us is that the government has got us into this mess, has no

way to get us out and yet it is seeking a mandate to get us into an even

bigger mess."

The NP underestimated the voters if it believed they would support such a

situation, Mr Schwarz said.

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SOUTH AFRICA

TWO INCOME FAMILIES GET FURTHER TAX BREAK

MB091354 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1330 GMT 9 Feb 87

[Text] Parliament February 9 SAPA—There was no simple and affordable solution to the income tax problem of the two-breadwinner family, the minister of

finance, Mr Barend du Plessis said today. However, in order to alleviate the

burden on working wives, while at the same time encouraging married women to

continue to make their skills available to the economy, an increase in the

present concession was justified, he said in his mini-budget speech today.

The minister said that in his budget speech last year he had dealt at length

with the problem. "No solution that is both simple and affordable is yet in

sight, and the matter of the sometimes substantial balance of tax that is

payable on assessment has been only partially relieved as a result of the

concession granted last year. That concession took the form of a material

increase in that portion of the wife's income not subject to tax."

Mr Du Plessis said the deduction allowance would be increased to the greater

of R2,250 or 22.5 per cent of the wife's earnings, "if the wife's earnings

amount to R8,000 a year or less, the first R2,250 will be free of tax. Should

her earnings amount to, say, R15,000 a year, the first R3,375 will be tax

free."

The increased deduction would apply in respect of the year of assessment commening March 1, 1987.

Amended tax deduction tables would be issued as soon as possible, but it was

doubtful whether these could come into effect before May 1, 1987.

Computer Bureaux, which now processed the paysheets of more than 90 per cent

of all employees, would however, be authorised to adjust their deduction formulae with effect from March 1, 1987, provided they were able to modify the

computer programmes in time.

This concession would result in a loss of revenue for the 1987-88 financial

year of R95 million.

/6662

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SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

INSOLVENCIES, LIQUIDATIONS DECLINE—-The number of insolvencies and

liquidations in South Africa showed a decline in September, October, and

November last year. Figures released by the Central Statistics Service in

Pretoria show that liquidations declined by 13 percent and insolvencies by

nearly 5 percent during the quarter of 1986. The percentage is indicative

only of the number of companies which are insolvent and not the number of

partners involved in the liquidations. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic

Service in English 0500 GMT 3 Feb 87 MB] /12624

MINERALS INCOME INCREASED—The latest statistics released by the minerals

bureau say that South Africa's income from minerals during the first 11 months

of last year was 4.6 percent higher than for the same period the previous

year. The tonnage of coal exported showed no decrease as a result of

trade boycotts. The income from the export of minerals was 2.9 billion rands

in November, bringing the total for the 11 months to 27 billion rands. The

income from minerals last year is expected to be 15 percent higher than

for 1985. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 5 Feb 87

MB] /12624

EMIGRATING PROFESSIONALS CAUSES JOB) LOSS—Johannesburg, 2 Feb (SAPA)—Every

10 professionals who emigrate leave 44 South Africans unemployed. This was,

Stellenbosch University's Prof Jan Sadie said, because the presence of

professionals was a precondition for the employment of lower-level workers.

Prof Sadie said in an article in the latest edition of SOUTH AFRICA

FOUNDATION NEWS that the effect of skilled manpower leaving South Africa

was not yet felt in the economy, but would be experienced once the economy

moved upward at a reasonable rate of growth. Discussing the reasons for

whites emigrating, Prof Sadie said: "Dissatisfaction with the existing

socio-political system ... cannot be credited with any significant role.

"Rather, it is the fear of a change in the system which acts as a spur."

[Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 0936 GMT 2 Feb 87 MB] /12624

CANADA'S MOORE CORPORATION PULLOUT—Cape Town Feb 6 SAPA—Moore Corporation

announced in Toronto that it had entered into an agreement to sell its operations in South Africa. "This action reflects the unsettled political and

economic conditions and an uncertain future in that geographic area," said the

statement. Commenting on the announcement, Mr Robert Spencer, chief executive of the southern African region, said this evening that negotiations

were in progress which would result in the sale of business from producer

Moore Paragon, Caribonum which manufactures carbon and paper roll products,

Tilon Computer Media which specialises in mail order computer supplies, and

Transcarbon. Mr Spencer said, "Until the negotiations are finalised, we are

not at liberty to make any further disclosure at this stage." [Excerpt]

[Johannesburg SAPA in English 2043 GMT 6 Feb 87 MB] /6662

103
MINERALS INCOME UP 4.6 PERCENT—The latest statistics released by the minerals

bureau say that South Africa's income from minerals during the first 11 months

of last year was A.6 percent higher than for the same period the previous

year. The tonnage of coal exported showed no decrease as a result of trade

boycotts. The income from the export of minerals was 2.9 billion rands in

November, bringing the total for the 11 months to 27 billion rands. The income from minerals last year is expected to be 15 percent higher than for

1985. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 1100 GMT 5 Feb 87

MB] /6662

'BUSINESS CONFIDENCE DECLINE' SURVEY—The Bureau for Economic Research at

Stellenbosch University says business confidence dropped marginally in the

fourth quarter of last year, despite improved sales and more appropriate

(?stock levels). In its latest quarterly analysis of consumer activity and

business trends, trade, and commerce, the bureau says bsuinessmen appear to

be worried about the size and sustainablllty of the economic upturn, which

has not been sufficient to, warrant increased employment. The bureau says

higher employment is the key to the expansion of the market, which is essential if traders want to sell more goods. The bureau says businessmen are also

worried about possible consumer resistance later this year if the present rate

of price increases continues. Most white consumers expect their financial

position to remain unchanged this year, although many in the upper income

group expect some improvement. The bureau's report says black consumers show

the more optimistic outlook, despite the high current rate of unemployment.

It ascribes this to a perceived strengthening in the bargaining power of the

unions. [Text] [Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 9 Feb

87 MB] /6662

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