287029

JPRS 81666

31 August 1982

Worldwide Report

LAW OF THE SEA

No. 207

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U.S. DEPARTMENT Of COMMERCE

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JPRS 81666

31 August 1982

WORLDWIDE REPORT

LAW OF THE SEA

No. 207

CONTENTS

WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

New Zealand Waters Uneconomical for Foreign Fishermen

(THE, NEW ZEALAND HERALD, 14 Jul 82) 1

ASIA

INTER-ASIM AFFAIRS

'VODK' Rejects PRK Territorial Waters Agreement

(Voice of Domestic Kampuchea, 13 Aug 82) 2

AUSTRALIA

Mining Executive Discusses Drawbacks in Law of Sea Treaty

(THE AGE, 21 Jun 82) 4

Northern Territory, Canberra in Row Over Coastal Control

(THE AUSTRALIAN, 25 Jun 82) 5

Australia Said To Lag in Joining Pacts on Safety at Sea

(Vic Sanderson; THE AUSTRALIAN, 1 Jul 82) 7

Briefs

Duntroon Basin Oil Search 9

Oceanic Research Body 9

KAMPUCHEA

Council of State Issues Decree on Territorial Waters

(SPK, 8 Aug 82) 10

-a - [III - WW - 136]
NEW ZEALAND

New Deep-Sea Fishing Ground Discovered Off North Island

(THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD, 17 Jul 82) 13

Briefs

Deep-Sea Fishing Training 14

TAIWAN

'CHINA POST1 on U.S. Opposition to Sea Law Treaty

(Editorial; CHINA POST, 23 Jul 82) 15

LATIN AMERICA

INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

Details of Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela Fishing Agreement

(Ed Wynn Brant; TRINIDAD GUARDIAN, 17 Jul 82) 16

Briefs

Caribbean Marine Manual 18

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

MOZAMBIQUE

Briefs

Fishing Agreement With Portugal 19

WEST EUROPE

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Briefs

Swedish Fishermen Fined by Norway 20

Greenland Raises Norwegians' Fines 20

DENMARK

Fisheries Minister Under Attack for Handling of EC Quotas

(lb Christiansen; BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, various dates) 21

Fishermen: 'Hjortnaes Selling Out'

Minister Defends Negotiating Stand

Minister Rejects Atlantic Fisheries Widening, Cites EC Talks

(BERLINGSKE TIDENDE, 30 Jul 82) 23

ICELAND

Briefs

Whaling Ban Protest 25

- b -
WORLDWIDE AFFAIRS

NEW ZEALAND WATERS UNECONOMICAL FOR FOREIGN FISHERMEN

Auckland THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD in English 14 Jul 82 p 10

[ Text ] Keyt Zealand waters

are proving too rough

and 'uneconomic for

foreign -^fishermen,

many of whom have.

taken less sthari half

their finfish . trawl

allocations. '

'Last season Russian boats!

took just 31 per cent of their!

3 2,50 0-tonne , allocation;!

Japanese boats, 39 per cent

of 76,000-tonnes; and South

Korea, 68 per cent of 2300-

tonnes. "' • ;>--' ' .;v

;

.

'. Even joint ventures failed

to take full advantage of

their, allocations. They took

72 per cent of:the 166,800

.tonnes allocated. ^'^5-

iiinie: deputy director :of the

Ministry of Agriculture and

Fisheries research division,

Dr Adrian Coleman, said the

reasons were basically eco-'

nomic and geographic, .t • j

.• " The^ total licensed'

J

i and!

joint-venture foreign catch

for the season ended March

31 was 115,028 tonnes. This

was 19,858 tonnes below the

previous year's catch, .ife..:

Dr Coleman said the imposition of a quota on orange

roughy by the ministry last

year caused joint-venture

catches to drop from 90,118

tonnes in 1930 to 82,983

tonnes last season.

Joint-venture boats caught

i 21,632 tonnes of orange

!roughy, 16,953 tonnes of oreo

dory, 14,587 tonnes of hoki

and 10,117 tonnes of barracouta.

They were by far the largest ... and imost attractive

catches, Dr Coleman said.

Most foreign licensed boats

were restricted to area "E,"

virtually the 200-mile zone

surrounding the Campbell,

Auckland, Bounty and Anti-:

podes islands.

"The conditions are bad in

that area," Dr Campbell

said. "There are always big

seas and bad weather, and

you need big boats to fish

there." j

Japanese |

Southern blue whiting was

the biggest catch taken from1

the chilly waters. Barracouta'

and some hoki were also

caught. !

Foreign fishermen could

have put more boats in to increase their effort but had

; apparently decided against it

jfor economic reasons, he

jsaid.

Only the Japanese appeared to be keen to develop

those waters. "They have

about six boats here and are

looking at squid, fin fish such

as blue whiting and hoki."

The Japanese were also

likely to be involved in more

research next year. The big

i stern trawler Shinkai, Maru !was due in February,, and

March to;\ fish over;: the

Campbell plateau and , the

Bounty and Chatham rises, j

| System . ' !.. |

I The. ministry's latest catch'

returns are not entirely un-;

expected. Its policy has been j

to reserve, the most-,ättrac-!

tive and economicC fishing'

grounds for the domestic!

fleet and to apportion the

next attractive areas .to., joint

ventures which can* be fully

localised later...,

This policy means that foreign licensed boats get the

least attractive areas and

least attractive species to

catch.

The system is adopted by

most countries with 200-mile

economic management

zones.

CSO: 5200/9101
INTER-ASIAN AFFAIRS

'VODK' REJECTS PRK TERRITORIAL WATERS AGREEMENT

BK140751 (Clandestine) Voice of Democratic Kampuchea in Cambodian to Kampuchea

2330 GMT 13 Aug 82

[Unattributed^article:^ "The Kampuchean People and Democratic Kampuchea Refuse To Recognize,1

and Regard As Null and Void, All Agreements and Prolamations by the Aggressor Vietnamese i

Regime in Phnom Penh Regarding the Limits of Kampuchea's Territorial Waters ]

[Text] It was learned that last July the Vietnamese running-dog puppets in Phnom Penh

signed an agreement with the Hanoi Vietnamese aggressors demarcating sea boundaries between

Kampuchea and Vietnam, and proclaimed the limits of Kampuchea's territorial waters and

exclusive economic zone. _. —

The Vietnamese running-dog Heng Samrin regime in Phnom Penh is a

Vie^ame^e^8 r

penh !

reeime installed at bayonet point by the Vietnamese Le Duan aggressors. These Phnom Penn

IZlts are completely ignorant; all affairs of the country are managed by the Vietnamese.

Moreover? this Vietnamesl running-dog puppet regime has been spat at and rejected by the

Kampuchean people since it was first conceived and established.

Therefore both legally and in practice,' the Vietnamese running-dog regime in Phnom Penh

2 simpS'and merelj an administration of the Vietnamese aggressors and does not represent

the Smpuchean nation and people in the least. It is only a shield to cover up Vietnam's

invaSon and occupation of Kampuchean territory and slaughter of the Kampuchean people xn

its attempt to exterminate the Kampuchea race.

In the international arena, at the United Nations as well as in all international forums

no one recognizes 'this Vietnamese aggressor regime in Phnom Penh as the representative of

Kampuchea.

In other words, both the Kampuchean nation and the international community including the

United Nations and other international organizations, have rejected this Vietnamese

administration in Phnom Penh. This Phnom Penh administration has no right to represent the

Suchean nation and people. For this reason, it does not have any right to sign internSonafagreements or other documents between Kampuchea and other countries Hence,

all agreements that the puppet Heng Samrin gang has signed with Vietnam to limit the

Kampuchea-5ie?nam sea boundaries as well as the other agreements and treaties already signed

bTthepuppet Heng Samrin gang are of no value whatsoever. Its proclamation on the

demarcation of Kampuchea's territorial waters and maritime exclusive economic zone is also ,

of no value.

All of this is a device to allow Vietnam to occupy Kampuchea's territorial waters and plunder

Kampuchea's natural resources in the sea and on the seabed, such as petroleum^ It. is_
also part of the maneuver to force Kampuchea's neighbors, particularly Thailand, to accept

the Vietnamese running-dog puppets and Vietnamese administration in Phnom Penh as a

negotiating partner.

The Kampuchean people and Democratic Kampuchea, which is the sole legal and legitimate

government of Kampuchea representing Kampuchea both at home and in the international

arena, have repeatedly rejected and regarded as null and void all these agreements and

proclamations of the Vietnamese administration in Phnom Penh. They appeal to all countries

and all foreign companies and enterprises to refrain from making any deals with the

Vietnamese running-dog puppets in Phnom Penh, for the Kampuchean people refuse to

recognize them and regard them as null and void now and in the future.

CSO: 5200/2112
AUSTRALIA

MINING EXECUTIVE DISCUSSES DRAWBACKS IN LAW OF SEA TREATY

Melbourne THE AGE in English 21 Jun 82 p 24

[Text] SYDNEY. — The seabed mining provisions of the new international law of the -sea

convention could leave Australian mining companies without protection from foreign

competitors, an executive of

the Western Mining .Corpora*,

tion said at,the weekend. *;

The company's corporate, affairs managt Mr John Reynold8

,

said the competition was most

likely to come .from companies

sponsored, by foreign, Jgoyernm

Th1'iconvention^: w&hlwas sigSbyAÜStral^in.WwYork

lait month, cpuld^ distort .the

world's mineral markets, he said.

The convention, .which; was

agreed upon after»six years of

negotiations ,has not been^signed

bv the United States,' although

130 other countries have agreed

to it.

Mr Reynolds, the mining indus-,

try's adviser to'the Australian

Government during thejnternatiorial negotiations to. draft the

convention, said the; industry welcomed the idea of a treaty to regulate seabed mining, but not one

in the form finalised in New York

„and agreed to by the Australian

!

; Government. \-.

/; Mr.Reynolds said that mining

'of manganese, copper, nickel and

cobalt from seabed nodules was

not, economic at present. It

might be 10 or 20 years before

""it? was:-^, '? V-'-':> ■■'•

. *v'The regulations m the new con- 1 Mention ' governing' transfer of

'technology, and: of surplus earn-;

/ ings to developing countries made

it even more uneconomic,, but

; governments might be encouraged

to' mine where private miners

would not, regardless of economic considerations, partly because

of the convention.

Mr Reynolds said some Governments might press on withseabed

mining to enhance.their, national

prestige, to capture resources

they lacked, to gain access to strategic minerals and so pre-empt

such access by a rival Government, ,or to establish a presence

in certain parts of the.ocean,-

He said both France and Japan

had Voted for the new convention. ....',...... . j,'....' '- '"

- Mr Reynolds said the convention envisaged the United States

bearing a large part of the cost

of the international machinery to

transfer technology and surplus

fund» from seabed mining to developing countries. ,. Yet the development of seabed

mining, especially if it is for noneconomic reasons, would: aqect

the competitive position; of us

mining companies. It was hot surprising that the US dd hot support it, he said.

CSO: 5200/7549
AUSTRALIA

NORTHERN TERRITORY, CANBERRA IN ROW OVER COASTAL CONTROL

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 25 Jun 82 p 23

[Excerpt] THE Territory's fishing industry plans

expansion on three different fronts: by

gaining a bigger share of the catch taken of

its own coast; by using overseas techniques

to catch exotic tropical fish for southern

restaurant tables; and by developing a

game-fishing:industry to take advantage of

bill fish prevalent in northern waters

ONE 'of the most serious

conflicts between the Northern Territory: and the Federal Government will be discussed , at . a , .meeting in

August.

It is the issue of territory

control of its coastal fishing

grounds. Eighty per cent of

the coastline is controlled by

the Northern Fishery Committee (NFC), made up of representatives from Western

Australia, Queensland, the

Territory and the Commonwealth.

The Minister for Primary

Production, Mr Steele, said

Queensland and Western Australia had their own prawning

grounds — and most of the

Territory's as well.

But the Territory was determined to get a bigger share of

the grounds and eventually to

gain control over its own

fishery. .

The August meeting of the

NFC will deal in particular

with the Territory's demand

to establish the Fog Bay

grounds as a limited fishing

area to protect local prawn

fishermen from interstate and

foreign prawning vessels.

ECONOMIC

The Territory also wants

closed seasons in Fog Bay extended to include a nursery

area and; the introduction of

gear restrictions in the entire ;

area.

The • Australian Fisheries.

Council, ..which meets in October, will consider the recommendations of the NFC's August meeting. If the NFC refuses to accept the Territory's

recommendations, Mr Steel

has threatened to take the

issue to a "higher level", particularly in relation to Fog

Bay. • v

"We believe strongly that

Fog Bay should eventually be

declared a limited entry fishery," he said. "We cannot accept Territory fishermen

being disädvantaged in waters

off our coast.

"From the Territory's point

of view, there are very strong

economic reasons to support

the excision of the Fog Bay

area from the declared management «one of the northern

prawn fishery for the purposes

ofseparate management. .

"Obviously Queensland- arid

Western Australia would:see

the issue in a different light.:

They control their own: rich

fishing grounds in other parts.

of their States and are: quite
happy to have rights iriWaters >.;

off the Territory as well. ' ;$' *;

"Territory fishermen have

only a small area to fish and,

have to compete with big in-,

terstate trawlers who come in

and rape our prawning

grounds.

"Our case is clear and we willbe presenting this strongly at:

the August meeting. We will

also ask our competitors to

show why their locust type of

fishing operations should be

allowed to continue in waters

off the Territory.

"Surely the low stocks of

prawns in Fog Bay are ample

evidence that the grounds are

being over-fished at the moment."

Meanwhile, a Northern Territory Government-sponsored

developmental fishing program could put tropical reef

fish on the menu of many of

•Australia's bestrestaurants.

While most seafood lovers

have sampled snapper and

perch common to Australia's

eastern seaboard, very few.

Australians will have had the

opportunity to eat the varie-,

ties of reef fish caught In'the,'.

Timor and Arafura seas. , A Japanese dropline fishing

vessel, operating in waters off

the Territory coast, has made

the reef fish a popular commodity with " Darwin-based.

buyers and their Japanese

counterparts. •«'•'-"

The success of a joint Australian-Japanese dropline fish-"

' ing feasibility study prompted

the Government in Darwin to

allocate $50,000 to developmental fishing projects, including

, dropline fishing.

The adaption of the fishing

technique by local fishermen'

"is being developed by the fisl>

veries division of the Departement of Primary Production

'in conjunction with the owner

v'of'^a Territory-based fishing

Vessel, the 21m Rachel.

• By Japanese standards, the

.'•Rachel is small, butthere have

already been indications that

larger vessels will be converted

to dropline fishing.

The Rachel's crew and fisheries officers have had some

uncomfortable moments in

the rough conditions:north- ! west of Darwin. The dropline

V machine's 80kg main line with

up to 10 branch lines attached

tends to tangle badly in rough

weather and processing

aboard can be very hazardous,

;.; if not nearly impossible.

i If for no other reason, it 1 seems likely that Australian

fishermen will be following the

" example of the Japanese and

freezing the fish whole to ensure maximum fishing time

and a quality product.

While there is still a considerable amount of work to be

done, the impressive Japanese

catches indicate a bright future for local dropline fisher-'

. men, providing that buyers

will accept whole fish. .-': •

CSO: 5200/7549
AUSTRALIA SAID TO LAG IN JOINING PACTS ON SAFETY AT SEA

Canberra THE AUSTRALIAN in English 1 Jul 82 p 15

[Article by Captain Vic Sanderson]

AUSTRALIA

[Text] THE Australian Government is lagging badly in rati-.

fying a long list of international conventions and treaty \

instruments designed to promote new international stan-,

dards of safety atsea. . ;

In fact, it is so far out of step

with other developed nations'."

that it looks like falling into'

bed with the USSR as one of

the few nations whose ships

cannot be legally inspected in

leading world ports.

The operation of ships by

shipping companies and the

actual working of the ships in

port and at sea by the personnel afloat is governed by

national and international

regulations, conventions and

treaty instruments.

International conventions

and treaty instruments have,

since it began operation in

1959. been the prerogative of

IMCO. renamed as from May

22 the International Maritime Organisation.

IMO has been instrumental

in the preparation and adoption of 28 international conventions or other treaty instruments. It has also been

assigned responsibility for

the administration of three

other treaty instruments

under its auspices.

Out of these 31 treaty instruments in respect of

'• which IMO exercises respon-

. sibilities of various kinds, 21

are either in force or have

fulfilled the requirements for

entry into force.

Of the remaining 10, two

are protocols to revise units'

of account provision in the

earlier parent conventions.

Therefore only eight conventions or treaties dealing

with substantive matters

, have not yet received the ratification required for entry

into force.

It is universally accepted

'' . that the only hope of achieving and sustaining the desired level of safety at sea

and pollution prevention is

through the global and effec-,

tive application of international standards. :\ \<k

Thus the conventiöns|arid'

.,: regulations adopted by or

under the auspices of IMO

constitute the indispensable

core of the international

regulatory regime in this

field.

The governing organs and

121 member States of IMO, of

which Australia is one, have

repeatedly declared their

commitment to promoting

the widest and most effective

possible implementation of

these international treaties.

Coming to Australia's role

concerning these important

"international instruments,'.

we encounter, a peculiar

anachronism. Australia is not

among the 70 of the:121 IMO , members; who have ratified

one or more important conventions and instruments

now in force.

Australia has .only .signed

the 'International Convention 'on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969, which is

not yet in force, but is expected to enter into force this

year.' • "..; ...'' '
•In' respect:of pollution of,

the sea by oil, Australia initi- ;

ated and : signed the 1971,

Great Barrier-Reef Amendments arid also signed the

1971 Tanks Amendments.

Neither of these amendments is yetin force.

The result is that Australia

is stilla totally non-convention country. This has already .' presented international anomalies and could

lead to many more complications. ,

For example, to name but

one anomaly, Australia still

not having ratified the first

three conventions and the

protocol dealing with safety

of life at sea, the Department

of Transport and Construction cannotissue safety certificates, safety equipment certificates or safety radio certificates to vessels of the 53

countries which have ratified

.. the conventions and the pro- .

tOCOl.' • Now

a.new interesting- de-<

velopment . has arisen

through the so-called Paris

memorandum, signed in January by ministers of 14 European countries. It takes

effecttoday.

The Paris memorandum

provides for the uniform enforcement of a number of

IMO treaties, together with

International Labor Organisation Convention No 147.

The members_ hope co-ordinated action in European

ports will rid them of substandard ships, since the

Paris memorandum includes a numerical target for ship

inspections that could prove

highly effective if member

States carry out their stated

intentions to the letter.

But the Russians, who are

strong supporters of IMO,

have-already told IMO their

maritime authorities will recommend that masters of

Russian ships protest against

attempts to enforce the new

measures on the ground that

Soviet,ships are subject to

control in foreign ports only

in accordance with the provisions of international conventions to which the USSR

is party, and reserve the right

to calla debate on whether

the Paris memorandum is

compatible with IMO.\ '

This development highlights several tricky questions regarding the rights of . port States to demand compliance with conventions in

cases where the flag States

involved are non-contracting

parties.

If the forthcoming debate

rules in favor of, the Russian

argument, then no Australian ships in Europe could be

inspected by port States, because Australia is a non-contracting party to any IMO

treaties in force.

CSO: 5200/7551
AUSTEALIA

BRIEFS

DUNTROON BASIN OIL SEARCH—A feig US oil exploration company, Getty Oil Development, will lead a consortium spending $40 million over the next six years on

exploration in the Duntroon Basin, west of Kangaroo Island. The Minister for

National Development and Energy, Senator Sir John Carrick, said yesterday that

the consortium planned to drill a minimum of four exploration wells and conduct

4000 kilometres of seismic study over the 23,343 square-kilometre basin. There

are now five exploration permits operating off the South Australian coast.

Getty's partners in the new consortium are: Ampol Exploration, Natomas Petroleum International and Sovereign Oil Australia. [Melbourne THE AGE in English

30 Jun 82 p 22]

OCEANIC RESEARCH BODY—SYDNEY University is to join forces with the Department

of Defence to establish an ocean sciences institute. The institute, to be

set up at the university, will involve members of the department of geology

and geophysics including the department head, Professor Graham Philip, Associate Professor Gordon Packham and Dr David Falvey. Both parties are especially

concerned with research into the continental slope around Australia. The setting up of the institute will enable them to share costs and give the university researchers access to navy research voyages. The research to be carried

out will be of a purely scientific nature For example, evidence will be sought

to support theories that changes in the earth's crusts caused Australia, Antarctica and New Zealand to drift into their present positions. [Canberra THE

AUSTRALIAN in English 7 Jul 82 p 13]

CSO: 5200/7551
KAMPUCHEA

COUNCIL OF STATE ISSUES DECREE ON TERRITORIAL WATERS

BK081211 Phnom Penh SPK in French 0404 GMT 8 Aug 82

"[Text] Phnom Penh, 8 Aug (SPK)— The Council of State of the PRK has just promulgated

a decree on the limits of the PRK's maritime zones and continental shelf.

The full text of the decree, signed on 31 July by Chairman of the Council of State Heng

Samrin, reads:

The chairman of the Council of State, considering that the PRK has full sovereignty and

inviolable rights over its territorial waters and its continental shelf;

Considering that the PRK must watch over its sovereignty, security and national defense

toward the sea and ensure the best exploitation of natural resources in its territorial

waters and continental shelf in order to serve the national defense and reconstruction

efforts and the improvement of the people's living standards;

Considering the Constitution of the PRK;

And the Council of Ministers having been informed;

Has decreed the following:

Article 1

The full and entire sovereignty of the PRK extends beyond its territory and internal

waters to a maritime zone adjacent to its coasts and its internal waters, designated by

the name of the territorial waters of the PRK.

This sovereignty also extends to the airspace above the territorial waters of the PRK

as well as to the seabed and subsoil of these waters.

Article 2 j

The width of the territorial waters of the PRK is 12 nautical miles (1 nautical mile |

equaling 1,852 meters) measured from straight baselines, linking the points of the coast,

and the furtherest points of Kampuchea's furtherest islands; these baselines are traced j

along the low-water mark.

These straight baselines are concretely defined in Annex 1 of this decree. \

The internal waters of the PRK are the waters located between the baseline

of the territorial waters and the coasts of Kampuchea.

Article 3

The outer limit of the territorial waters of the PRK is a line each point of which is

at a distance equal to the width of the territorial waters from the closest point of

the baseline.

10
In the maritime zone between Kach Kut Island and the terminus of the land border between

Kampuchea and Thailand, the limit of the territorial water of the PRK follows the dividing line of the maritime waters determined by the historic border stipulated in the

Franco-Siamese treaty of 23 March 1907.

Article 4

The contiguous zone of the PRK is a maritime zone located beyond and adjacent to its

territorial waters, with a width of 12 nautical miles measured from the outer limit of

the territorial waters of the PRK.

In its contiguous zone, the PRK exercises necessary control in order to oversee its

security and to prevent and check violations of its customs, fiscal, health and emigration and immigration laws.

Article 5 !

The exclusive economic zone of the PRK is a maritime zone located beyond its territorial I.

waters and adjacent to the latter. This zone extends to 200 nautical miles measured from

the baseline used to measure the width of the territorial waters of the PRK.

The PRK has sovereign rights over the exploration and exploitation and the preservation

and management of all organic or inorganic natural resources of the seabed, of its

subsoil and of the waters above it and over other activities leading to the exploration

and exploitation of its exclusive economic zone.

In its exclusive economic zone, the PRK has exclusive jurisdiction regarding the setting

up and use of installations, devices and artificial islands and marine research; and has

jurisdiction over the preservation of the marine environment and the control of pollution. j

i Without prior authorization or agreement by the PRK, foreign ships are forbidden to fish j

or exploit any natural resources in any form, or to undertake scientific research xn the

exclusive economic zone of the PRK. When they have obtained prior authorization or

agreement they must conform with the laws and regulations of the PRK concerning fishxng,

the exploitation of other natural resources and scientific research, and with other

regulations relating to them decreed by the PRK, and must strictly carry out all obligations

provided in the licenses or the contracts.

Article 6

The continental shelf of the PRK comprises the seabed and the subsoil of the submarine areas

that extend beyond the territorial waters throughout the natural prolongation of its land

territory to a distance of 200 nautical miles from the baseline used to measure the width

of the territorial waters of the PRK.

The PRK exercises sovereign rights over its continental shelf for the purposes of exploration,

exploitation, preservation and management of its natural resources comprising mineral_

resources and other inorganic or organic resources belonging to sedentary species living

on the continental shelf.

The PRK has the exclusive right to regulate the setting up and use of installations, devices

and articifical islands or drilling on its continental shelf for the purposes of exploration,

exploitation or any other purpose.

All activities carried out by foreigners on the continental shelf of Kampuchea, for whatever end, must be the object of an authorization or an agreement by the PRK Government

and conform with the laws and regulations of the PRK.

11
Article 7

The PRK will settle, be means of negotiations with interested states, all problems concerning

the maritime zones and continental shelf in a fair and logical manner on the basis of

mutual respect for sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity.

Article 8

The PRK will negotiate and agree with the SRV on the maritime border in the historic

waters zone of the two countries fixed in the agreement on the historic waters of the

tfo counties signed on 7 July 1982 in line with the spirit and letter of the Treaty

of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation between the two states signed on 18 February 1979.

Article 9

All provisions contrary to this decres are purely and simply abrogated.

Article 10

The minister of national defense, the minister of interior and the ministers concerned

are charged, each in his proper field, with the implementation of this decree.

- Annex 1

The Baseline Retained for the Limitation of the Territorial Waters of the PRK

The baseline retained for the limitation of the territorial waters of the PRK is made up

of segments of a line passing successively through the following points, the coordinates

of which are expressed in degrees, minutes and tenths of a minute, the longitude being

counted from the meridian of Greenwich.

Number Geographical Place Latitude (North)

1 Border point on low-water mark 11° 38' 8"

between Thailand and the PRK

according to treaty of 23 March 1907

2 Kack Kusrovie 11° 06' 8"

3 Kack Voar 10° 14' 0"

4 Poulo Wai 09° 55' 5"

5 Point 0 out at sea on the southwest According to the agreement of 7 July 1982

limit of the historic waters of the

PRK —

CSO: 5200/2112

Longitude (East

102° 54' 3"

102° 47' 3"

102° 52' 5"

102° 53' 2"

12
NEW ZEALAND

NEW DEEP-SEA FISHING GROUND DISCOVERED OFF NORTH ISLAND

Auckland THE NEW ZEALAND HERALD in English 17 Jul 82 p 1

[Text] An important now deep-sea fishing ground has been discovered

off the west coast of $he North Island which could give new life to Aucklandffishing companies.

The iarea, over the Challenger-Plateau — which

straddles the limit of New

Zealand's 200-mile fishing

zone, west of Cape Egmont

— i has already given one

company its biggest-ever

daily catch of orange roughy.

Wanganui Trawlers Ltd,

which has had. two boats

working the area for a few

weeks, has been landing up

to 200 tonnes of roughy a

week from each boat.-

iThe orange roughy is believed to spawn in the region

nTTarge numbers from. June

to August, and the research

division of the Ministry of;

Agriculture and 'Fisheries is

taxing great interest because

of the commercial; potential.

Implications

A Russian joint-venture

trawler, the Kalinovo, caught

80 tonnes in one day's fish-!

jing, according to the manI aging director of Sanford

'Ltd, Mr Keil Mills, who said

it was the biggest daily catch

i taken by the company. _ j

THhe JisiTing" ground lives

up to its promise it has important, implications for Sanfords and other Auckland

companies because it may be

the nearest deep-water fishing ground to Auckland. ;

The resource was discovered almost by accident

last year when a Polish joint-!

venture trawler was working'

in the area.

More Work

! The assistant director of

i the research division of the

'ministry, Dr Adrian Coleman, said some roughy was

hauled in by the trawler in

September and it was apparent the fish had just

spawned.

• On the strength of that

discovery it was decided to

send another fisheries scientist, Mr W. Van Denboek, to

the area on board a Wanganui Trawlers boat during

the spawning season this

year.

Mr Van Denboek said the

iresults were certainly encou-

|raging, but that a lot more

work had still to be done to

igauge the full potential of:

; the resource.

; Quota Set j

He said the roughy stocks

lof the Challenger Plateau

were unlikely to match those

of the Chatham Rise, but it

nevertheless promised to be

i a very useful seasonal fishery.

The ministry established a

6000-tonne catch quota over

the plateau because it had

no scientific knowledge of

the extent of the resource.

Local fishing companies

are anxious to determine its

full extent so that the quota'

can be lifted. !

CSO: 5200/9102

13
NEW ZEALAND

BRIEFS

DEEP-SEA FISHING TRAINING—A training scheme designed to give New Zealand

fishermen experience of deep-water fishing has been very successful and will

continue. The 1981 budget set aside a fund of $100,000 to promote deep-sea

training by employing fishermen as observers on foreign fishing vessels. So

far, 11 fishermen have spent three weeks on foreign vessels. They were selected by a panel of Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries representatives

and the Fishing Industry Training Council, who chose people who might one

day skipper a deep-sea fishing vessel. A further $100,000 has been allocated

so the scheme can continue for another year. It may be modified to enable

fisherman to work on board the vessels instead of just observing. [Text]

[Wellington THE EVENING POST in English 12 Jul 82 p 32]

CSO: 5200/9103

Ik
TAIWAN

'CHINA POST' ON U.S. OPPOSITION TO SEA LAW TREATY

OW310124 Taipei CHINA POST in English 23 Jul 82 p 2

[Editorial: "Law of the Sea Treaty"]

TTextl What is easily the longest negotiated treaty in modern times has finally been signed

by SI countries except the United States. The Republic of China has a vested interest xn

the treaty. It covers such things as sovereignty over the waters surrounding Taiwan,

ownership of mineral rights, fishing rights and other items.

T«. ^7^ffi,„i>"'"to comorehend why U.S. President Reagan remains opposed to the treaty.

Se United StateS hafitfown fishing rights to protect and control of the waters off its

So coasts Only three other nations voted against the treaty: Israel, Turkey and ;

vlnezuS?" Another 17 countries, including Great Britain, West Germany and Italy, abstained.

i supported this provision.

It is known that the ocean depths abound with valuable minerals, including iron copper

and manSnese. What may prove to be even more important is the fact the seabeds abound

with new'sources of rood! Scientists believe that in the future the ocean beds will be

able to provide the food for the world's expanding population.

fthe Uni er ta sind othCer^untries seem trivial. The immediate ^nefits 1-luding

water navigation and overflight rights, are more important. The Reagan administration

Insists the current international laws will protect America's rights.

It is easy to understand why nations which do not have any coastline are eager to share

11 tne potential wealth, Tney have no concern with navigation and fishxng rights.

Mr Rpn-at,.a fears' that the treaty will be amended probably are correct. The existing

S^tyfTr example, do"es not defectively with the rights to food from the seabeds.

In our'/udgme"! the important fact is that a start has been made in the ambitious

effort to develop and share the wealth of the seabed.

CSO: 5200/2112

15
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

DETAILS OF TRINIDAD-TOBAGO, VENEZUELA FISHING AGREEMENT

Port-of-Spain TRINIDAD GUARDIAN in English 17 Jul 82 p 1

[Article by Ed Wynn Brant]

[Text] TRINIDAD and Tobago fishermen who operate small boats can fish without

permits in Venezuelan waters, south of Trinidad and north of Patos but not

in the special zones.

Venezuelan fishermen, too, now have the same facility in Trinidad's waters—

to operate small boats off the north and south coasts.

This agreement was the high note struck by the Trinidad-Tobago/Venezuela Fishing Commission which met in Port of Spain over the past three days.

In a joint interview, Mrs Annette Auguste, Trinidad-Tobago Ambassador to Caracas who led this country's talks, and General Ramon Enrique Mendonza Ibarra,

Director General of Frontiers in the Venezuelan Ministry of Foreign Affairs,

said that Article 5, Subsection 3 of the fishing agreement between TrinidadTobago and Venezuela was ratified.

It allows artesanal (pirogues with nets and other fishing gear) vessels to

operate outside the specific zones identified in the treaty in each others

territorial waters without permits.

Non-artesanal vessels—the deep sea trawlers such as those owned by the National Fisheries Company—were still prohibited from fishing because of the

threat posed to marine environment.

Oceanic Surveys

The Mixed Commission, however, said that scientific and technical surveys

were underway to determine the volume of fish in the area and how much could

be harvested.

Venezuelan fishermen, mainly from Guiria and Carupano, have eight applications

before the Ministry of Agriculture, Lands and Food Production for permits

to operate large trawlers off Trinidad's north coast. /

16
Mrs Auguste said that studies would have to be carried out to determine the

feasibility of fishing by trawlers; small boats, however, were free to operate

in the area.

The Mixed Fishing Commission recommended that the two countries cooperate

in managing the resources of the areas under the agreement. Mrs Auguste said

that one of the recommendations was that Venezuela share its reports and technical and scientific data with Trinidad-Tobago.

General Mendoza said the Venezuelan Government had contracted French oceanographer Jacques Costeau to carry out oceanic surveys. In the past private

and public marine surveys have been carried out by the University Orinete,

La Salle Foundation and the Institute of Technology and Petroleum.

He said the surveys are to be broader, taking in more of the region.

Yesterday, the eight-member delegation split in two with General Mendoza holding talks with Mr Kamaladdin Mohammed, Minister of Agriculture, Lands and

Food Production.

Other members visited Cedros and held talks with the fishing Association.

General Mendoza said he was aware of requests made by Trinidad for more permits

for Cedros shrimpers.

A survey would be carried out to determine how many permits would be required,

he said.

The talks were the sixth since the bilateral treaty was signed in Port-ofSpain in December 1977. General Mendoza said ±alks should be held at least

twice a year to re-evaluate the treaty and study problems arising out its

implementation.

The meeting was held at the invitation of the Trinidad-Tobago Government and

the next meeting will be held in Caracas. Three representatives from each

country are appointed commissioners to oversee the treaty.

CSO: 5200/7550

17
INTER-AMERICAN AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

CARIBBEAN MARINE MANUAL—PORT-OF-SPAIN, Trinidad, Friday, (CANA)—The Londonbased Commonwealth Science Council is preparing a marine manual for the Caribbean, with advice on how to survey coastal waters and study the flora, fauna

and fish in an effort to exploit marine resources, according to the Trinidad

Express newspaper. The publication, expected to be ready by August, will

be issued to Commonwealth member nations free of charge. The council's decision to publish the manual came out of the recommendations of a workshop in

aquaculture and marine methodology recently held here and attended by regional

Commonwealth states. The classes were aimed at training scientists in the^

study of fish and animals and plants in local waters, so that their potential

for food production can be assessed. Trinidadian Dr. Doon Ramasaroop, deputy

director of the Trinidad institute is editing the manual, which will also

provide practical guidelines on data analysis, and interpretation, simple

survey methods and problems as well as constraints associated with methods.

The workshop here was the latest in a series of activities mounted by the

CSC as part of its regional natural products programme for the Caribbean

launched in 1979. [Bridgetown ADVOCATE-NEWS in English 17 Jul 82 p 3]

CSO: 5200/7550

18
MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

FISHING AGREEMENT WITH PORTUGAL—Maputo, August 9—Portuguese vessels will be

allowed to fish for prawns in Mozambican waters next year in return for Portuguese training and technical support for the Mozambican fishing fleet. An

agreement signed here at the weekend set the Portuguese prawn quota at 700

tons and kept open the possibility of forming a joint Mozambican-Portuguese

fishing company. The agreement is one of several first discussed during the

visit of Portuguese Prime Minister Pinto Balsemao to Mozambique in June.

Portugal had imported large quantities of Mozambican prawns and other seafood,

but since Mozambican independence in 1975, these goods have had to be bought

through other countries having fishing agreements with the African state,

such as Spain, the Soviet Union and Japan. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA

AFP in English 10'Aug 82 p 19]

CSO: 5200/5674

19
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

BRIEFS

SWEDISH FISHERMEN FINED BY NORWAY—Swedish fishermen are bitter over what they

say is a tyrannical act against the fishing boats "Timor" and "Vingaborg."

The police in Kristiansand have now obtained guarantees that the fines totaling

140,000 kroner will be paid. But the skippers, have refused to acknowledge the

fines, and so preparations are being made for a trial in Kristiansand in November. Björn Lindblad of the Swedish National fishermenfs Association has protested strongly to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs against the action taken.

"We are protesting against the brusqueness of the Norwegian action,V Lindblad

told NTB. "The boats had a right to be in Norwegian fishing waters. For that

tfeason the Coast Guard's conduct is remarkable." He points out that the Coast

Guard fired several warning shots before the Swedish boats stopped. Karl Henrik

Sjursen, desk sergeant at the police office in Kristiansand, says that according

to his information the Swedish vessels had a concession to fish for herring in

the part of the Skagerrak that is open to a limited herring fishing. The Swedes

for their part insist that there were no fish on board when the vessels were

boarded by the Coast Guard. The fines were imposed because the skippers tried

to avoid a check on the catch and the equipment. [Text] [Oslo AFTENPOSTEN

27 Jul 82 p 4] 8815

GREENLAND RAISES NORWEGIANS' FINES—The Norwegian shrimp trawlers "Peder

Aarseth," "Jan Mayen," and "HaBr^yvaering" have been fined from 50,000 to

150,000 kroner by the authorities in Greenland for incorrect reporting of their

catches. The Fishing Boat Owners' Association is reacting to the fines, which

the organization considers too heavy. "It is regrettable, of course, that Norwegian fishing boats have been seized for incorrect reporting, but imposing

fines of between 50,000 and 150,000 kroner is going too far," says Ola Solbj^rg,

secretary general of the Fishing Boat Owners' Association. SolbjfJrg says that

these fines indicate that inspection off Greenland has been intensified, but

rejects the idea that the authorities in Greenland are consciously trying to

make conditions difficult for Norwegian shrimp trawlers. "The intensified inspection is partly occasioned by rumors that'big factory trawlers were catching

cod and representing their catches as rosefish,"Solbi^rg told NTB. „The bio-Jgest fine, 150,000 kroner, was imposed on the trawler "Peder Aarseth" of Älesund, while the "Jan Mayen" of Her^y drew 50,000 kroner and the trawler

"Her^yvaering" of Älesund 80,000 kroner in fines for having reported to small a

catch. There are 20 Norwegian vessels in all engaged in shrimp fishing off

Greenland on a concession basis. The boats have quotas of between 30 and

tO tons, depending on the size of the boats, Secretary General Solbj{5rg explained to AFTENPOSTEN. Most of the shrimp fishing is done off West Greenland,

where the Norwegian trawlers have a quota of only 850 tons of shrimp. On the

east coast of Greenland the Norwegian fishermen have a quota of 1,750 tons in

all, but water and weather conditions have made conditions so difficult that it

has not been possible to fill the quota thus far. [Text] [Oslo AFTENPOSTEN

27 Jul 82 p 4] 8815 20

CSO: 5200/2105
DENMARK

FISHERIES MINISTER UNDER ATTACK FOR HANDLING OF EC QUOTAS

Fishermen: 'Hjortnaes Selling Out'

Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 6 Jul 82 Sect III p 3

[Article by lb Christiansen]

[Text] The Danish Fishing Industry and Export Association is surprised and

shocked that Fishery Minister Karl Hjortnaes has proposed to the other EC

countries fish requirements that are considerably less than the quotas which

the industry regards as absolutely essential to maintain employment and to

avoid reductions in production.

The Danish Fishing Industry and Export Association desires a quota of 40,000

tons of mackerel, but Karl Hjortnaes argued for a quota of only 25,000

before the meeting of the council of ministers at Brussels. And while the

industry regards 40,000 tons of herring as necessary, Hjortnaes has set the

quota for that variety at only 15,000 tons.

Director Poul Torring of the Danish Fishing Industry and Export Association

says that the organization continues to believe in the assurances of the

minister that he will only accept an agreement with which the fishermen and

industry are satisfied. On the other hand, however, there is in the industry

a declining confidence in the competence of the minister when negotiations

are renewed under Danish chairmanship.

Sources in the industry indicated to BERLINGSKE strong dissatisfaction that

the minister's demand was revealed to the public and the other ministers of

fisheries before the negotiations. Karl Hjortnaes said yesterday that he

did not understand the fear of the industry fishing organizations that he

was about to sell out Danish interests.

The EC Commission has now made a compromise proposal with an increase in the

total catch, including, among others, an increase in the mackerel quota from

101,000 tons to 375,000 even: if that figure is far too high, according to

the biologists. Karl Hjortnaes is not of the opinion that the compromise

proposal will make it any easier to reach a satisfactory result.

21
Minister Defends Negotiating Stand

Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 9 Jul 82 Sect II p a

[Article by lb Christensen]

[Text] Fishery Minister Karl Hjortnaes does not believe that the fishermen

on Laeso are right in maintaining that a new EC directive increasing the mesh

size from 53 to 60 millimeters will devastate most of the Kattegat island's

lobster fishing operation and industrial production with an export value of

40 million kroner.

The island's fishermen are refusing to follow the directive. Karl Hjortnaes

granted them dispensation from the new rules a year ago but it has now expired.

The fishery minister rules out to BERLINGSKE any question of a new dispensation

and does not conceal the fact that he regards the fear of the fishermen for

an increase in the wastage percent to be strongly exaggerated.

"I have been on Laeso earlier and discussed the matter but I have never

regarded the fishermen's argument that it will destroy their lobster fishing

particularly convincing. Lobster fishing is carried on in other countries

with this mesh size."

"I granted a dispensation from the rules at that time since Sweden had not

increased the mesh size. I regarded it as not reasonable to carry it out

unilaterally. Sweden has now done so as a result of a treaty with the EC,

and that means that the fishermen who operate in the Swedish zone must abide

by the Swedish regulations regarding the mesh size. As I understand it, a

significant portion of the lobster fishing is actually in the Swedish zone."

"Regardless of what I do, the increase has been put into effect, and the

Danish lobster fishermen are obliged to abide by it," Karl Hjortnaes says.

The Laeso fishermen will hold an emergency meeting on Saturday to consider

the situation. Their chairman, Bent Rulle, from Osterby, says, "Together

with fishermen from Skagen and Frederikshavn, we have shown the minister the

difference between the two mesh sizes, and Karl Hjortnaes appeared to be very

convinced that we are right when he was here."

"To be sure, we can fish with the large mesh, but the percentage of waste

will increase. All previous experience shows that," says Bent Rulle, who

does not understand how the minister can question the fishermen's criticism.

He informs us that many of the Laeso fishermen have obtained the new nets

after being threatened with police action by the fishery inspectors.

6893

CSO: 5200/2092

22
DENMARK

MINISTER REJECTS ATLANTIC FISHERIES WIDENING, CITES EC TALKS

Copenhagen BERLINGSKE TIDENDE in Danish 30 Jul 82 Sec III p 3

[Text] Fisheries Minister Karl Hjortnaes rejected the demand by Danish

fishing organizations that herring and ocean fishing be opened up west of

Scotland in an effort to save the jobs of 150 fishermen and 1,200 people

working in the fishing industry.

These jobs are in jeopardy partly because 6 to 8 big fishing cutters in

Hirtshals cannot follow their usual practice of fishing for capelin in the

North Atlantic during the next 3 months. The EC Commission has entered

into an agreement with Iceland and Norway to ban the hunt after this small

industrial fish, but the agreement--which the Icelanders claim is needed to

protect the threatened fish population—was arrived at without consulting

Danish fishing organizations.

After a meeting yesterday with the Hirtshals fishermen and the Danish

Ocean Fisheries Association, Karl Hjortnaes said that continuing the

capelin fishing would not in itself save the profitability of the fishing

fleet, although such fishing would be a comfort in a very difficult period.

The fishing organizations have proposed that Denmark open up for herring

and mackerel fishing in an area west of Scotland instead. There is some

basis for this, because the EC fishing agreement has not yet been renewed.

But even though the fishing organizations have a strong argument, namely

that such countries as Holland and Great Britain are fishing west of Scotland even though no quotas have been set there, it would be unwise to follow their example, according to Karl Hjortnaes.

He referred to the complicated EC fishing negotiations and said that in

this delicate situation, a provocation would be inappropriate.

And just as we regard the fishing in the area by the Dutch and the British

as illegal, other countries would regard us the same way, the fisheries

minister pointed out.

Thus, no solution is in sight. The cutters can continue to fish for

herring in Skagerak, but when this ends on 21 August they must lie idle in

23
port, at least until the end of September when the EG Commission resumes

the fishing negotiations, which have broken down several times.

"We simply must believe that it will be possible to reach an agreement

this time," said Karl Hjortnaes.

6578

CSO: 5200/2108

2\x
ICELAND

BRIEFS

WHALING BAN-PROTEST—Reykjavik—The Icelandic Government will protest the decision by the International Whaling Commission banning all whaling activities from

1986, well-informed sources in Reykjavik said. Nevertheless the authorities in

Iceland will take plenty of time to assess the situation. According to the

rules of the International Whaling Commission, member nations have 3 months in

which to voice their objections to the commission's decisions. A nation protesting is not obliged to comply with the commission's decisions. Even if Iceland does protest, the country will probably suspend all whaling in 1986. On

Monday, [26 July] the United States announced that sanctions will be introduced

against countries not respecting the ban. In U.S. lawit is possible for the

United States to implement sanctions against countries which do not comply with

international decisions. In 1981 almost 20 percent of total Icelandic exports

went to the United States, iNORSK TELEGRAMBYRA Magnus Gudmundsson dispatch]

[Text] [PM050927 Oslo AFTENPOSTEN in Norwegian 29 Jul 82 p 4]

CSO: 5200/2112 END

25