NONETHNIC NAMIBIANS NEED ACCOMMODATION

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 28 May 82 p 1

[Text]

* STATE machinery must be-created to
accommodate non-ethnic Namibians, a
leading member of the ruling DTA said

yesterday.

Speaking in the National
Assembly, DTA Head
Committee member Mr.
Piet Junius called for new
Central Government.
machinery to serve the in-
terests of Namibians who

do not want to be classified.

into ethnic groups.

: “There is no place at
present for those who want
to be only Namibians and
who do not want to be
classified otherwise. I feel it
is our duty to accom-
modate them somewhere,”
Mr Junius said.

“These people should be
looked after by the Central
Government and I appeal
to the Government to fill
this growing vacuum,” he
continued.

Mr Junius argued that
there was a serious flaw in
the existing three-tier con-
stitutional system in the
Territory in that there were
people . whose _ interests
were not looked after, to
their satisfaction.

Referring to the Ter-
ritory’s interim constitution
AG 8, Mr Junius said there
was dissatisfaction with it
since its inception in 1980.

cso: 4700/1346

not necessary to abolish’

AG 8. We must leave the
option to those who want
to be coupled to a par-
ticular ethnic authority.

“For those who do not
want to resort to any
second-tier ‘authority, but
who want only to be Nami-
bians, machinery must be
put in motion.”

Mr Junius emphasised
that he was not pleading
for a 12th population
group to be created or
another
authority to take care of
them. :

“They are by definition
not a 12th group because
they are either dissatisfied
with representative
authorities or they- do. not
identify with any particular.
ethnic authority,” he said.

“make a homeTM for people
rejecting ethnic _classifica-
tion within the interim Sta-
te apparatus because the
growing discontent serves
to strengthen Swapo sup-
port in the Territory.

54

second-tier®

A start had already been
made with non-ethnic in-
stitutions, according to Mr
Junius. *

He named the Ceniral

Government’s’ Academy
for Tertiary Education and:
the new CDM-sponsored
open high school | in
Windhoek at which “any
Namibian wanting to
further his education could:
go. -

“But it is necessary to

serve other needs too”; he”

added.

According to Mr Junius
there were people who had
refused to enter their name
into one of the 11 ethnic:
categories when applying
for identification docu-
ments. They had instead’

described themselves
as “Namibians” on the
forms, and were subse-
quently classified as such.

DTA pressure against
forced ethnic classification
as provided for in AG 8
began mounting after it
became.a public issue last

year.

Several persons had
tried unsuccessfully to
change their ethnic clas-
sification on identity cards
issued to them by the.
Department of ‘Civic Af-
fairs and Manpower.

NAMIBIA

This led to a small public
outcry against the “12th
population group hoax”
after it emerged that AG 8
did not provide for an open
choice to the Territory’s in-
habitants when registering
for identification purposes.

Mr Junius said the of-
ficial recognition of a
residual category of non-_
ethnic Namibians and the
implementation of ad-
ministrative machinery for
all the needs of such people
Si Tine “With” DTA

policy.


The seminar was organised by the Italian Foreign Ministry and the Italian
Association for International Development, a private body of businessmen.

Presént were six African countries--Zaire, Tanzania, Angola, Nigeria, Ghana
and Sudan-~as well as the Secretary-General of the Central Bank of West
African States, Daniel Cabou.

Observers said the African delegates showed lots of interest but hazarded no
commitments. (A.F.P.)

CsO: 4700/1341

118



RECONSTRUCTION OF ELABERET AGRO-INDUSTRIAL UNIT

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 18 May 82 pp 1, 5

[Text]

+ KEREN (ENA) — Measures of
revitalization and reconstruction are
currently being taken to boost the pro-
diction of the Elaberet Agro-Indust-
rial Complex whose activities were

once disrupted owing to the damage
caused by the secessionist bandits.

This was disclosed. by Comrdae
Ekube Tesfa-Giorgis, Acting Manag-
er of the establishment in a statement
he made on the previous and pre
sent condition of the institution and
the plans envisaged to raise produc-
tion in line with the programme of
the Red Star Multi-faceted Revolution-
ary Campaign.

The Elaberet Agro-Industrial Unit,
located 63 kms from Asmara, in Ela
beret district of Keren provirice, is
administered under the Ministry of
State Farms Development and operat-
es on 1,200 hectares of land.

Of its total land area 300 hectares
are used for the cultivation of differ-
ent fruits, provides the sites of the
canned tomato and wine factories,
and serves cattle breeding activities
and the production of milk and milk
products while buildings, canals and
dams are located in another 330 hee-

20

tares, The remaining part of the total
land area of the Agro-Industrial Unit
has not been cultivated.

Water for the development of the
Unit is derived from rains, surface
water and rivers. Water from the
rains is specially collected through
canals and stored in seven artificial
ponds,

The Acting General Manager re-
vealed that in line with the plan to
expand tomato plantation and enable
the canned tomato factory produce at
full capacity, a plan has been work-
ed out to produce 12,500 raw tomato.
es on 50 hectares.

A blueprint to repair the wine. fac-
tory, whose activities has been dis-
continued as a result of the damage
caused by the secessionist bandits, has
been prepared in accordance with the
Red Star Multi-faceted Revolutionary
Campaign, Comrade Ekube stated. He
added that a plan hes also been chart-
ed out to revitalize cattle-breeding and
the milk and milk products process-
ing plan’ attached to it.

Comrade Ekube further pointed
out that similar plans to alleyiate the
problem of water shortage and streng-
then irrigational activities in the Unit

ETHIOPIA


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Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



UGANDA

BUGISU COFFEE MILL TO BE IMPROVED
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 19 Apr 82 pp 1, 12
[Article by Olive Nabukonde]

[Text] A new second line for the Bugisu Cooperative Union (BCU) processing
mill is to be installed soon.

This was disclosed by the Minister of Cooperatives and Marketing, Mr Yona B.
Kanyomozi, when he addressed Bugisu coffee farmers at their Cooperative hall
in Mbale.

The second line--said the Minister, would assist to speed up the processing
of the coffee. The processing capacity now was low compared to the amount
of coffee delivered at the mill.

Mr Kanyomozi said the European Economic Community has accepted to finance
the installation of the second line. :

He also said a British firm will be visiting the mill on April 25 to check
on the position and requirements.

The success of the industry much depends on the Bugisu Cooperative Union, he
noted. He said: "You cannot talk of the cooperative movements and industry
without the BCU."

The Union produces the best quality coffee that bears the standard on the
world market.

Talking about the idea of division of the Union the Minister said during
election campaign we said the Unions would go multi purpose, and all of you
in this district voted UPC.

Mr Kanyomozi explained that it was impossible to be a member of the coopera-
tive movement and still belong to any other party other than the UPC.

He said during the reign of terror the Bugisu Cooperative Union suffered
major losses and there was little to talk about now.

114


NIGER

IDA APPROVES FOREST DEVELOPMENT, INDUSTRIAL CREDITS
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 21 Apr 82 p 4

[Text] On 8 April, the International Development Association (IDA) approved
credits to Niger for forest and industrial development projects.

IDA approved for Niger two 8.8 million special drawing rights (SDR) credits,
or $10.1 million, and 14 million SDR, or $16 million, to finance, respectively,
a second forest project and an industrial development project.

Forestry

The first project, totaling $16.8 million (including the contributions of the
FNI [not further identified] and of other backers), is to provide for
improved supplies of firewood, services, shrub fodder and other secondary
forest products to rural and urban populations.

The project will help the rural population set up small tree nurseries to
supply rural forest plantations at the individual or family level. It also
is to provide for the continued maintenance of 760 hectares of dry forest
plantations created through an earlier project that had benefited from IDA
assistance and for the creation of 750 hectares of rubber tree plantations
for the production of gum arabic, an invaluable source of monetary income.

The project will also provide for the maintenace of 240 hectares of irrigated
forest plantations created through the earlier project. In addition, it
will help the farmers in the irrigated perimeter areas develop 200 hectares
of forest plantations on land where no crops can be grown. Training and
research facilities will also be built as well.

The project will be financed jointly by the Central Fund of Economic
Cooperation ($3.6 million) and the Aid and Cooperation Fund ($1.6 million).

Industrial Development
The $16-million credit will be used primarily to establish a $12-million
credit line to aid the Development Bank of the Republic of Niger; this is

to finance productive investments in the small and medium size business
sectors.

63



NIGERIA

PRESIDENT, POLITICIANS TO CUT SALARY BY ONE-EIGHTH
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2897, 14 May 82 p 14

[Text] Lagos, May 12--President Shehu Shagari and other politicians will
cut their salaries by one eighth as an austerity move to help combat
Nigeria's economic crisis.

The move, announced yesterday in a letter to the Senate, will be effective
April 1.

The President said that he, his Vice-President, Ministers, and special
assistants and advisors, would all be hit by the salary cuts.

He suggested that parliamentarians should consider following suit and that
civil servants' pay cheques might soon be chopped back. .

The April 1 cuts, which would affect salaries and fringe benefits, were
needed in order "to revamp the country's dwindling economy", the President
said, three weeks after presenting a bill to give him additional powers to
deal with Nigeria's ailing economy.

Yesterday, the Senate debated a bill calling for a 10 per cent cut in poli-
ticians' salaries, and recently two state governors ordered a five-per cent
reduction in their own salaries. The President also called for a five per
cent cut in the overseas travel allowances of Ministers, special assistants
and other political office holders. (A.F.P.)

CSO: 4700/1342

74



ANGOLA

BRIEFS
SWISS NURSE KIDNAPPED--The Red Cross International Committee announced on Friday

4 June that one of its Swiss nurses, Miss Marie-Jose Burnier, was kidnapped by

armed individuals on 25 May 1982 during an attack on a Red Cross convoy in the
Katchungo region of Angola. [Text] [Paris LE MONDE in French 6-7 Jun 82 p 3]

cso: 4719/1076

10



ZIMBABWE OFFICIAL LAUNCHES CAMPAIGN TO DETERMINE NUMBER OF NATIONALS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 21 May 82 p 1

(Text]

cso:

THE Zimbabwean high com-
mission in Lusaka has launch-
ed a campaign to determine
the number of its nationals still
in Zambia and the value of.
their property and line of busi-
ness.

Confirming this. yesterday,
high commissioner Mr Ken
Nyati said for:some time now
Zimbabweans living in Zambia
had found it difficult to’ return
home because the money they
were allowed to take with them
under Zambian foreign ex-
change regulations was little.

He said because of this
it was found necessary for the
two governments to work out a
mechanism to encourage’
Zimbabweans to return home.

The high commission sent
out questionnaires in April to
Zimbabweans in Zambia and it
was hoped the exercise would
be completed by the end -of
this month.

Not alf Zimbabweans would
go back home because some of
them would like to stay on, but
the high commission would
still want their particulars.

Response from those who
‘had received the question-
naires was so far enco'
and this was why the pe

4700/1334

123

had been extended, he said.

The questionnaire marked
‘‘confidential” encourages
Zimbabweans to return home
and has been sent by mistake
to some Zambians in Kitwe.

It Is asking for names, the
district in which they live in
Zambia and which district they
originally came from In Zimba-
bwe.

Other information needed is
when the recipients would like
to go back and how much they
would like to remit back home
and what property they would
like to take with them.

Among the properties listed
ate tractors, lorries, private
cars, inini-buses, — ploughs,
harrows, taxis and ordinary
businesses.

The recipients have been
asked to choose what they
would _like-to do from a list of
five alternatives when they go
backhome. -

They must choose either to
work in town, to buy a iarge

farm of over 120 hectares,
to buy a small farm of 40
hectares, to resettle on eight
hectare plots, or to join

relatives in communs! lands.

ZAMBIA



TOP CATHOLIC OFFICIAL SAYS MILINGO REMOVED FOR CHURCH UNITY

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 May 82 p 1

[TExt]

ARCHBISHOP “ Emmanuel’
Milingo was removed from
the Lusaka archdiocese for
the sake of unity in the
Catholic Church.

His recall to Rome was not

mastermined by the ex-:

patriate clergy but came
~ about as result’ of conflict

- between him and: other
bishops who were predomi-
nantly Zambians.

This was disclosed to the
Sunday Times in Lusaka
yesterday by a top church
official who asked not to be
named. .

There was no truth’in allega-

tions thai the controversiai
. archbishop's. recall was a
result of manoeuvres by

expatriate priests opposed

to his heaiing powers.

Archbishop Milingo was re-"

moved. from .the Lusaka
archdiocese last month and
recalled to" Rothe for all-

cso: 4700/1334

129

egédly being mentally un-
well and to pursue theolo-
ical studies. Archbishop
- Elias Mutale has succeeded

qh aftermath of his. recall
sparked demands ‘in the
church that .he should be
brought back and reinstat-
ed. Other Catholics Church
members threatened to boy-
scott mass.

But a top church informant
said there had been a long
standing conflict between
Archbishop Milingo and
other bishops in Zambia.
Out of the many bishops in
the country, only two were
expatriates.

He described Archbishop

Milingo as a man of “‘fine
qualities” but said the
Vatican had no recourse but
to recall him. because of the
deep differences which had
developed between him and
other officials. .



in the near future in Dakar will have the same objective. These two groups
are in similar circumstances, and therefore must be in solidarity for the
struggle. Like Africa, the Arab World is simultaneously striving for libera-
tion and development. The minister of foreign affairs and cooperation
concluded his introductory statement by speaking about a number of areas of
conflict in Africa, conflicts which dangerously threaten the OAU.

The audience then asked a number of questions. Someone asked about Niger's
specific position on the Western Sahara issue. The minister explained that
Niger had walked out of the hall in Addis Ababa because it disapproved of the
manner in which the Saharan Democratic African Republic has been admitted to
the OAU. There may be an article in the charter stating that a territory can
be admitted if it receives more than the majority of 26 out of 50 votes, but,
as Morocco argued, this rule only applies to a free and sovereign state, other-
wise a two-thirds majority is required. Niger thus believed that in accordance
with the Moroccan argument the POLISARIO could not be admitted. Niger
continues to believe that it is up to the Saharan people to express their will
on the issue through a referendum. On the Chad issue, the minister recognized
that there has been a great deal of shilly-shallying and interference which
has inflamed the conflict.

On the Senegalese intervention in Gambia, he pointed out that it was carried
out on the basis of an agreement between the two countries and must be viewed
in the light of the geographic location of Gambia.

In regard to the value of a nonaggression agreement for defense, he replied
that if all countries were committed to an agreement that they must not
commit aggression, a great step would have been taken in the search for
peace.

Discussing, finally, the effectiveness of the OAU, the minister said that
even if the organization has had some failures, the fact remains that it is
the only organization in the world that annually unites around the table some
50 heads of state and, twice a year, the foreign ministers of a whole
continent.

9920
CsO: 4719/838

69



Region were editorialized in an issue
of the Amharic daily Addis Zemen.
The paper outlined what the returnees
came to understand as regards what
they were told by the bandits and the
actual situation they found on their
return home,

In connection with the condition of

the returning compatriots, Zemen’

pointed out that every possible effort
is being exerted to heighten their class
consciousness and thereby enable them
play their due role in the on-going

‘construction process. As regards the

activities’ in the Region to achieve
with the objectives of the Multi-Facet-
ed Revolutionary Red Star Campaign,
the daily underlined the measures be-
ing taken by the Revolutionary Go-
yernment and COPWE. and exposed
the futile efforts of anti-unity and
anti-people elements to impede the
progress of the Campaign.

Finally, Zemen stressed the unwe
vering support of the Ethiopian work-
ing masses for the Red Star Campaign
and said that the masses are ready to
accept the returning compatriots after
realising the anti-people stance of the
bandits. , ,

Cultural Renovation

Another issue of the Amharic daily
in its Cultural Column dealt with the
need for eliminating the lingering
feudo-bourgeois cultural practices like
undue wastefulness during wedding
and mourning occasions. In this
connection, the article criticised the
views of individuals who claim that
“they have the right to do what they
want with what is their own,” mean-
ing, they can spend their money on
whatever they want to:

27

The, article underlined what such
expenditures would entail upon the
concerned individuals in particular
and the society at large. Finally, the
paper noted the efforts being exerted
in the area of culture. since the up-
surge of the on-going revolution and
stressed that mass organizations and
religious institutions have a significant
role to play in the campaign under-

way to do away with retrograde cultu.’

It was the Maulti-Faceted Revolu- ©
tionary Red Star Campaign in Eri-
trea Region that held the attention
of the editorial column of Barisa, the
Orome language weekly.. The paper
underlined the deep concern of the
Revolution to the problem in the re-
gion and the steps taken by the Revo-
Iutionary Government to seek a last-
ing solution to the problem. Barisa
exposed the anti-people -activities of
the messengers of destruction and said
that the launching of the Red Star
Compaign with the view to guaran-
teeing the reigning of peace’ in the
area will enable the masses of the re-
gion to play their role in the on-going
construetion process, _

Decisive Role

In this connection, the Oromo lan-
guage weekly said that more and
more compatriots from the region
are ‘returning after having been for-
ced to abandon their homes due to
the anti-people activities of the separa-
tist bandits. Finally, Barisa stressed
that the results achieved in the region
under the Red Star Campaign are
encouraging to all those who stand
alongside the masses, whereas they


SOUTH AFRICAN ARMS INDUSTRY BUILD-UP JUSTIFIED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 6

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE SOVIET Union has given Mozambi-

que the firm promise of continued mili-
tary support. -

The French are being asked by Mr Mugabe
to sell Zimbabwe armoured cars,
Alouette helicopters and other military
equipment. -

The reasons: “Zimbabwe is building up an
army and air force,” says Mr Mugabe.
“We are examining the possibility of ac-
quiring arms from France and training
our officers and men in various fields.”

Why does Mr Mugabe need to build up his
army and air force? Not against neigh-
bouring Black States, we are sure. Ob-
viously, from his constant threats, he in-

- -tends to get involved in the “liberation”

struggle against the White South and is

- scared he will be attacked if he does.

So if France arms Zimbabwe, it will be
arming that country against South Afri-
ca and no other country.

As for Mozambique and Zimbabwe, there
is a connecting link. 7 ~

Both are anti-South African Black States,
the one'a Marxist dictatorship and the
other heading for a one-party Marxist
State. . Ae na . %

Both have Black rulers who were put in’
power after bloody wars of “liberation.”

Both have as much claim to being demo-
cratic as Russia has.

President Machel does as he likes and Mr
Mugabe is increasingly following the pat-
tern of Black rulers elsewhere in Africa
— grabbing control as they wreck their
economies and reduce standards to the
point where Whites quit.

All of which leads us to discuss the arms
boycott in broader terms than we have
used in the arms-for-Argentina contro-

versy. een ew

98

SOUTH AFRICA



conclusion of a general communique issued the. first day .by Comrade Vasco
Cabral, the Central Committee permanent secretary, on the activities of that
high-level: party- organ.

The party.members gathered together agreed on the need .to reinforce party
activities at all levels... In. their. opinion, the shortcomings in publicizing
the right image of .the PAIGC after 14 November were caused in.part because
party. missions abroad were not regulated. They criticized a.certain pas-
sivity in diplomatic activity.during this event.. Therefore, they recommended
that the Central Committee study.the matter throughly and renew contacts and
close.cooperation with the other progressive parties which are our.allies
and friends.

Peace .Means:’.Presence of Justice

One contentious issue:debated by the permanent secretariat ‘and the regional
political leaders concerned the activities of the rank-and-file people's
courts, about which Fidelis.de Almada, minister of.justice, was: concerned
and convened the principal supervisors and. dynamizing agents of the judicial
circuits of the country.

Good or bad, the "tabanca" [farm] courts work. -Yet the contentious issue
and major concern of justice.officials is the lack .of coordination and, more
specifically that the people's courts and the security.and.public order
forces disagree about areas of authority.. At this-meeting, it was again
publicized that security agents in the countryside seize, judge and even
pass sentences.on.the defendants without : the ‘knowledge of: the.justice-depart-
ment.

Fidelis Cabral de Almanda: expressed his concern that the tradition of our
people's courts, born during the armed struggle, is.losing strength in the
tabancas. Party organizations are concerned that loss.of confidence in the
competence of. these courts could lead to a loss’of conficence in the party
to. the extent that the courts are, .in addition to judicial institutions,
bodies with a political basis among the masses.. An example-was the case of
the Tchugue "bolanhas" [biscuits] (Tombali region) ended: with the officially
recorded sentence passed by.the South Judicial’ Circuit: which was .purely and
simply ignored by the security.services when they decided to hold a new
trial. Comrade Manuel.Nandigna, chairman of the Esdo committee of the
Biombo region, .called: attention to. this fact, stating that."peace does not
mean merely the absence ‘of:.war, it is also the presence of justice."

9479
CSO: 4742/310

34



ETHNIC AUTHORITIES WILL FEEL BUDGET PINCH

NAMIBIA

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 May 82 p 3

[Text]

THE expenditure of
only two Central
Government depart-
ments show a substan-
tial increase in the
1982/3 Budget while the
expenditures of © four

have been cut.
Speaking during his
Budget speech in the

National Assembly yester-
day, Chairman ‘of the
Ministers’ Countil - Mr
Dirk - Mudge said the
Departments of Civie Af-
fairs and Manpower and
National Education “show
a meaningful and real in-
crease” while the amounts
voted for the Departments
of Economic Affairs,
Agriculture and Nature
Conservation, National
Health and Welfare and.
Transport “are actually be-
ing cut.”

According to Mr Mudge
this indicates the scope of
the financial dilemma in
which the © Territory’s
Government finances ap-
pear at present.

cso: 4700/1346

These cuts in absolute
departmental expenditure
lie alongside across _ the
board cuts in most capital
projects, which were have
shelved, expect in the case
of “thase projects with ut-
most priority”, Mr Mudge
added.

Mr Mudge warned that

: the cuts would be strongly

felt by the 10 ethnic
authorities who relied on
Central Government

grants for 75. percent. of
their funds.

In ‘addition “to. the
amount for capital expen-
diture allocated to the
second-tier authorities col-
lectively (R58m), a total of
R153m is voted for current

expenditure amongst the .

second-tier authorities.

Another R2,2m is voted
for the Administration of
the Bushmen which resorts
directly under the Central
Government.

The collective vote to
nine ethnic authorities ex-
cluding’ the Baster and
Bushmen Administrations
this year. totals R211m as

59

against R223m last year.

This drop excludes the
effect of inflation on the
purchasing power of those
funds.

The allocation - of
Central Government
‘grants to ethnic authorities
to supplement their own
resources (based mainly on.
personal income tax) is ef-
fected in a new way this
year, according to a for-
mula contained in a
memorandum tabled with
the Budget.

In terms of this formula,
the Centra}. Government
makes an annual statutory
contribution to the curremit
expenditure accounts of
each ethnic authority.

Central Government aid
to ethnic —_ authorities’
capital expenditure is: al-

located on the merits of

each project applied for by
an ethnic authority.

The financing of capital ;

projects on the second tier
by the Central Govern-
ment is backed by the
retention of full control of
such finances by the

Department of Finance at:
all times.

On the current expen-
diture side, however, the
Central Government
makes statutory contribu-
tions to four votes —
Education, Health, Social
Pensions and Administra-
tion.

The amounts voted to
each authority for each
function is calculated on a
per capita basis — number
of pupils. for. education,
ethnic group population for
health and. administration,
and number of pensioners:
for pensions.

The per capita amounts’
which are the same across
the board for’ all ethnic
groups are this year R225
for education, R36,69 for
health, R600 for pensions,
and R13,90 for administra-
tion.

For a total population
i(excluding the Bushmen
and the: Basters) of 1 009-
900, a collective amount
of R153 266 is therefore
voted as the Central
Government’s. statutory.
grant to the second tier.



ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

TAZARA REDUCES AGRICULTURAL TARIFFS--Tazara has reduced its tariffs on agri-
cultural goods to encourage increased agricultural production in Tanzania and
Zambia, Minister of Power, Transport and Communications Mr Rajah Kunda said.
Mr Kunda said the three-day council of ministers meeting on Tazara last week
agreed to maintain the same old tariffs for copper which was currently not
fetching good prices on the international market. [Text] [Lusaka TIMES OF
ZAMBIA in English 4 May 82 p 1)

cso: 4700/1334 END

143



Tea Development said the seedlings were planted in four of the districts
comprising Gideo. It is to be recalled that the Ministry is making a major
effort towards the quantitative and qualitative enhancement of coffee which
is for the nation's major foreign currency earning. [Excerpt] [Addis Ababa
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 20 May 82 p 6]

METTU-ALGE ROAD OPEN--Mettu (ENA)--The 54-km. road running from this regional
capital of Illubabor to the town of Alge linking four major coffee producing
districts was opened to traffic during the week. The 15,000,000 Birr project
was jointly undertaken by the governments of Ethiopia and Cuba. The Cuban
government supplied 5,000,000 Birr worth of equipment and also provided
expertise. A farewell party was given to the 79 Cuban comrades involved in
the construction of the road. Comrade Simon Galore, COPWE Central Committee
member and COPWE representative for Illubabor region hailed Cuba's contribu-
tion towards the development efforts of the country. Meanwhile, six low-cost
houses were constructed in Dega town of Illubabor region at a cost of 6,000
Birr. .A kindergarten is also under construction in the district of Dega.
[Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 20 May 82 p 1]

EASTERN ZONE DISTRIBUTION ACTIVITIES--Dire Dawa (ENA)--The Eastern zone
branches of the Ethiopian Domestic Distribution Corporation (EDDC) report
having distributed essential commodities worth 38,600,000 Birr during the
last Ethiopian fiscal year. EDDC has distribution branches in Dire Dawa,
Assebe Teferi, Jijiga, Warder, Kelafo, Degahabour and Gode. The Corporation
pays particular attention to the lawlands of the Ogaden which receive
through its distribution stations essential commodities. Corrugated iron
sheetings are in high demand. Some 200,000 pieces were distributed during
the last two months alone. Some of the other commodities distributed in the
Eastern zone are thread and yarn, textile fabrics, foodstuff, canvas shoes,
tyres and miscellaneous stationery. The goods reach the local communities
through their mass organizations or professional unions, which have direct
links with EDDC branches. The Corporation has recently constructed a large
warehouse for construction materials at a cost of 65,000 Birr and smaller
facilities are to be built in Asbe Teferi and Jijiga, according to the area
EDDC office. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 14 May 82

pl]

DEFENSE SQUAD COURSE COMPLETION--Awassa (ENA)--A total of 246 defence squad
members drawn from the 14 kebeles have received certificates last Sunday
on successful completion of a two-month ideological and military training
courses. Comrade Teferra Endalew, Deputy Administrator of Sidamo region,
handed over certificates to the graduating batch in the presence of repre-
sentatives of mass organizations and government agencies at a ceremony held
at the Awassa Junior Agricultural College. Comrade Major Bogale Megen,
Awassa town Police Chief, outlined the contents of the course and Comrade
Teferra Endalew stressed the tasks of revolutionary defence squad members.
Speaking on his part, Comrade Teferra Endalew urged the graduates to serve
the masses with commitment and work for the strengthening of mass organiza-

..tions. He also noted that a defence squad member should arm himself with
Marxism-Leninism. Speaking earlier, Comrade Kucha Dewele, Deputy. Administra-
tor of the town, thanked mass organizations for their co-operation in

30


NAMIBIA

BRIEFS

POPULATION FIGURES--The population of SWA has been revealed officially for
the first time in a Bill introduced in the National Assembly in Windhoek.
The figure of 1,009,900 was determined during the census conducted in the
Territory in May last year. The latest data indicate that, since the
previous census in May 1970, the population has increased by 247,716.
According to the latest census the number of people in each population group
is: Owambos 516,600; Kavangos 98,000; Hereros 77,600; Damaras 76,800;
Whites 75,600; Namas 49,700; Coloureds 43,500; Caprivians 39,500; Basters
25,800 and Tswanas 6,800.--Sapa [Text] [Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER
in English 26 May 82 p 1]

WRAPS OFF 'KOEVOET' UNIT--The South African Police Force had lifted the veil
of secrecy off the activities of a special counter-insurgency task force
which had been operating against Swapo terrorists in Owambo for the past
three years. Last year the unit killed 511 terrorists for the loss of 12
of its own men. So far this year, 120 terrorists have been killed, and the
unit has lost five men. The unit has also captured vast quantities of
Soviet-made weapons. Recently, the unit, in conjunction with the Security
Forces, was responsible for tracking down Swapo terrorists who infiltrated
the Tsumeb area in the Territory. The unit's Commanding Officer, Brigadier
Hans Dreyer, has said that about nine of the approximately 70 terrorists who
moved into the Tsumeb area are still on the loose. The unit has killed 18
of the infiltrators. Members of the unit normally operate only in Owambo.
The Security Forces take over in operations across the border.--Sapa [Text]
{Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 May 82 p 3]

CSO: 4700/1346

62



Angola and Mozambique are armed by
Russia and East Germany and their
forces are trained by the Cubans, East |
Germans and Russians.

Terrorists are.trained in these countries’
against South Africa.

Angola hosts, trains and supplies the Swa-
po forces that attack South West Africa.
Zimbabwe is heading for a confrontation

with the Republic.

In these circumstances, South Africa has
to spend an inordinately high amount of
money on defending South West Africa
and protecting its own borders.

Tt Has no aggressive objectives. It does not
seek to conquer adjoining territory. It
does not try to overthrow neighbours. °

Why, then, the arms boycott? The answer
is to weaken South Africa in its ability to
defend itself, thus making it an easier
target for Marxist aggression.

If, knowing this, we have no truck with the
boycotters, they can hardly complain.
They have forced us to make our own
arms — and we have succeeded in produc-
ing everything from missiles, to aircraft,
to powerful guns, to fast coastal defence
craft. “*~

We have enough arms to be able to sell
some of our weapons to other countries.
Nobody bothered’ a damn whether South
Africa’ was producing — sophisticated
weaponry until Britain, which was the

cso: 4700/1331

99

first to impose an arms boycott, started
to worry whether our missiles and Mi-
rage spares were going to Argentina.

Dear heavens, what a thought! The’ very
country that would rather have seen us
vanquished than provide us with arms is:
now in a tizzy about whether Argentina
might get arms from us to help it in its
war with Britain.

It’s such blatant hypocrisy, like everything

_else when it comes to South Africa.

Arm. the country’s enemies, or potential
enemies, but don’t help South Africa to
arm itself.

Specifically, kick up a helluva row if it
looks like South Africa’ might supply
arms to Britain’s enemy, while con-
veniently forgetting that in the terror
war that South Africa faces, Britain has
never lifted a finger. to help it. :

" Well, in a way we should be grateful, since:

Britain;France and other Western coun-:
tries gave us the incentivé’to build up a
formidable arms industry of our own.

And if Britain fears that our missiles
might be getting to Argentina, then it
has only itself to blame for having given
us a.reason to make missiles of our own
for our own defence and for sale to other
countries.

If, and when, the crunch comes for South
Afritas ‘Ou Arts factories will playa crit"
cial role in achieving victory.



KAUNDA EXPRESSES GRATITUDE FOR AFRICARE'S CONTRIBUTIONS

Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 26 May 82 p 3

[Excerpt]

Ly

WASHINGTON. _
President Kaunda has
expressed gratitude
for the continued good-

will, support and gene-
rous contributions of
Africare, a non-profit
making private organi-
sation dedicated to
improving life in rural:
Africa. -

Dr Kaunda, who is the
current honorary chair-.
man of Africare, expre-
ssed the thanks in a spe-
cial message of greetings
to the board of dire-
ctots and Africare staff
on the occasion of an
award presentation cere-
mony in Washington. .

“The President said the gene .
Fotis contributions from the

public in terms of finance. and
service have enabled 4 ‘Africare

fulfil its objectives of impro-
ae the | cally of life in ‘rural,

cso: 4700/1334

121

Africa  Aaroush fe sevelor-
ment of, , .
increased
“health services.

He. also. commended Afri-
care for identifying with. the
problems caused by the Jibe-
tation struggle against colo-
nialism and apartheid in, sou-
thern Africa by rendeting assi-
stance to national programmes
of rehabilitation, reconstruc-
tion and resettlement,

He said the Southern
African’ Refugee Assistance
Programme was an excellent
example of Africare® -involve-
iment in Zambia, adding that
the organisation had _also.
launched a number of proje
like ; sinking noe water wes
and © construc
ips and Saher. a elt lp

He added,” however, that
much work, remains to be
done because fhe. struggle
must continue ‘and ‘Africare
shall always, be grateful. for
continued “goodwill, . su;
and generous _ contributions
of the public. .

ZAMBIA


links with Maputo and exchanged party
‘officials with ZANU PF. He also
established diplomatic links with Algeria
and appointed a Minister or OAU Affairs.

It was, however, in joining the South-
ern African Development Co-ordinating
Conference (SADCC— that the Ngwazi
took his most symbolic step away from
Pretoria, Malawi will play an active role in
that organisation and it has provided
Banda with a regular route to meeting old
adversaries, Kenneth Kaunda and Julius
Nyerere,

Through this step, the central plank of
Pretoria’s African policy has been shaken.
However; shaken is a long way from dis-
lodged and the Pretoria link is likely to
continue, although at a lower key, for
some time.

For their part, Banda’s new friends
appear to have welcomed his shifting
position. There is a strong case for sup-
posing that their feelings are generated
by recognition that the Ngwazi cannot go
on forever and that it is better to start
dealing now with those who will be his
heirs,

And who are these heirs? It is a
question without a clear answer. Some
say the powerful Kadtamira family will
play the role of power broker. Others
argue the case of Aleke Banda — one-time
crown prince (although no relation) and
now in “preventitive detention”. Some
would argue that only the military could
hold the show together — but they, the
military, may not be loyal to the
Congress Party.

Whichever way the thing turns out,
Pretoria’s reaction to the changes will be
crucial. Meanwhile, the average South
African can still visit Malawi and feel
the excitement of the dual time capsule,
The tale of the student should, however,
be in the forefront of the mind of
anyone who boards a plane for Chilekag

cso: 4700/1340



Frustration

Mr Tony Hickman said that he has problems with both of the models which have
been proposed. Provincial council members and members of parliament will re-
sist the abolition, because the members of parliament will have so much more
work. If the councils are maintained, but are increased to eight, then the
historic symbolism will also be lost. Representation could also create prob-
lems in the future.

He believes that more thought should be given to the matter. A message should
not be sent on to the effect that the provincial councils will be gradually
abolished.

Dr Paul Viljoen said that elected councils which have lost their legislative
authority, will lead to serious frustration. A compromise must be sought and
members should be elected directly.

Challenge to Other Leaders

Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 3
[Article: “Presidential Council Reports, a Challenge to Other Leaders" ]

[Text] Politics has now become the art of the necessary -- and this is where
the challenge lies for the government, said Dr Denis Worrall, chairman of the
Presidential Council's Constitutional Committee, yesterday.

He participated in the debate in the Presidential Council on the recommenda~
tions concerning local and regional government, and said that politics always
remains an art and that thisisits magic. Generally speaking, politics is the
art of the possible, but sometimes, like now, it is the art of the necessary.

The Presidential Council reports are at the same time a challenge to the lea-
ders of other communities. They should carefully study them now, because +):
there have been many opportunities in the constitutional area which have been
allowed to slip between our fingers in recent years. One of these was the
Black Council, which was rejected. If this council had become a reality, then
"we would have negotiated with them."

Dr Worrall noted that the reactions so far have been very encouraging. The
boycotters said at least that it met the minimum demands of coloreds and In-
dians -- and this means that we have gone even further than that minimum.

When it started to become clear what the nature of the study of local and re-
gional government would be, it became rapidly clear from the reactions that
the country is more than ready for a thorough review of the local government
system, The report which has now seen the light, deals with all important as-
pects of local government.

The committee involved found that in South Africa, as in most West European

countries, there is a tendency to decentralization. What is striking about
the report before the Presidential Council is that it is not ideological in

82



Moreover, in Pretoria, Windhoek and Washington, the various Bothas,
Mallans, Bran Fouries and Chester Crockers are studying ways to get
out of this situation before the war of liberation expands throughout
South Africa, as happened in Namibia and Zimbabwe.

Perhaps when the JOHANNESBURG STAR, the South African newspaper, announces
that "the regular army penetrated southern Angola to pursue SWAPO
guerrillas and engaged in combat with the FAPLA...," then for a few days
the Western media will remember that Pretoria's government has been

trying to destabilize the free countries of southern Africa since 1975!

9479
cso: 4742/308



Holiday Goods Shortage Coincidence Questioned
(Abel Faife; NOTICIAS, 1 May 82)...ccceccccccceccceccvscee .

Briefs
Hungarian Relief Donation

NAMIBIA

Democratic Turnhalle Alliance Faces New Competition
(REPUBLIKEIN, 22, 23 Apr 82)....

NDC Leader Pictured As Imposter
Preaching What DTA Practices

Rumor of National Assembly Dissolution Worries Dr Africa
(REPUBLIKEIN, 23 Apr 82)..

Nonethnic Namibians Need Accommodation
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 28 May 82)..

State Finances in Reasonable Shape, Claims Mudge
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 28 May 82)..

Present Order Doomed, Business Leaders Told
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 28 May 82)........6- eee eeeeeeee

Maximum Namibianization of Labor Force Sought
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 27 May 82)..c-ceessseccccccscvccee

Ethnic Authorities Will Feel Budget Pinch
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 27 May 82)..cssceeceseccccccesseee

CDA Spells Out Its Policy
(THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER, 26 May 82).......cseeesecececcees

Briefs
Population Figures
Wraps Off 'Koevoet' Unit
NIGER

IDA Approves Forest Development, Industrial Credits
(LE SAHEL, 21 Apr 82).......eeeeeeeeeee ereere rere eee eee

Kountche Addresses Meeting of Military, Economic Cadres
(LE SAHEL, 23 Apr 82).....ccecececccecececcceeseeecesecenees

Foreign Affairs Minister Discusses Nation's African Policy
(A. Madougous LE SAHEL, 6 Apr 82)......cecececeeeeee rrrery

Arbi Stresses Need for Security of Official Buildings
(LE SAHEL, 6 APT 82)... cc ccccccccccrccccccccsesseseencescees

46

47

48

52

54

55

57

58

59

60

62

62

63

65

68

70



Army Commander in Chief General M. Khanga asserted at Salima: "There is no
chance whatsoever for any rebel to subvert Malawi. The security forces--the
army, the police and the Young Pioneers--and the ordinary people in the
villages work together. There is not an inch of Malawi that is left
unguarded".

Stressing the cooperation between the security forces and the people, Presi-
dent Banda said: "Whatever may be the case in other African countries, the
army, the police and the civil service here’ are the servants of the people
and not their masters... They are not here to keep people down".

Malawi's defence policy, as explained by one officer, is not based on a
threat from any particular country (it is bordered by Zambia, Mozambique and
Tanzania and is notable among black southern African states for having rela-
tively close links with South Africa). Any danger, he said, could come from
"counter-revolutionaries" or "rebels causing trouble on the borders".

Tanzania still shelters opposition movements to President Banda's highly
personal and conservative regime, which have been in exile since 1965. They
include the Congress for the Second Republic of former minister Kanyama
Chiume and the Malawi Freedom Movement (MAFREMO) of Orton Chirwa, another
former minister who was arrested under controversial circumstances last
December near the frontier with Zambia.

Malawi insisted that Mr. Chirwa was inside its territory, but other sources
said he had been kidnapped from over the border. Despite this, and Malawi's
continuing claims on areas of Zambian territory, relations with Lusaka have
shown a recent spectacular improvement, culminating in President Kenneth
Kaunda's visit to Lilongwe, the Malawian capital, last February.

Diplomatic relations were also established last year with Marxist-Leninist
Mozambique, even though South Africa still has diplomatic representation in
Malawi and the opposition Socialist League of Malawi of Attati Mpakati was
based in Maputo at least until recently.

The renewed links between Lilongwe and Maputo confirm Malawi's reacceptance
by the other black states in the region. Though not one of the anti-South
African front-line states it hosted in November last year the ministerial
meeting of the Southern African Development Coordination Conference of
states seeking to reduce their economic dependence on South Africa.

At Salima five Kenyan officer-cadets also passed out, but a foreign presence
in Malawi's defence forces is now minimal. The army of the former British
colony is based on British practice, but British instructors no longer
train it, though its officers still attend the Royal Military Academy at
Sandhurst.

Members of the air force were also trained in France and West Germany
respectively on the use of Puma and Alouette helicopters and Dornier trans-
ports, which are mainly used as ambulance aircraft in northern Malawi.

Although pro-Western in outlook Malawi is not looking for greater military
cooperation with the West, mainly for reasons of cost. (A.F.P.)

csO: 4700/1354 37



NIGER

FOREIGN AFFAIRS MINISTER DISCUSSES NATION'S AFRICAN POLICY
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 6 Apr 82 p 4
{Article by A. Madougou: "Niger's African Policy"]

[Excerpts] Niger's African policy is committed primarily to respect for
good-neighbor relations, strengthening African unity, and membership in all
the economic integration organizations, both regional and subregional.

This is how Daouda Diallo, minister of foreign affairs and cooperation,
summarized our country's African policy during the discussion meeting he led
at the Youth and Culture House in Tachan-Fakarey on Friday.

Daouda Diallo went on to say that in the present world where discussion of a
country's foreign policy often gets round to affirming its allegiance to one
or another bloc, by contrast Niger, as a sovereign state, tries to make its
own interests the focus of its policy. The minister deplored the fact that,
long after independence, some countries' relations with their former colonial
power are still stronger than those with their neighbors. Niger, on the other
hand, believes that good relations with neighbors come first and this is why
there are several joint commissions linking our country to each of its
neighbors.

In addition to good-neighbor relations, all Africans clearly aspire above all
to achievement of African unity, which has been so delayed. Their common
past is one factor which makes unity necessary, but there is also the current
economic situation (the countries share virtually the same problems) which
makes it appear imperative that Africans pool their resources and forge a
chain of solidarity to overcome the problems of underdevelopment.

On the other hand, one cannot deny that colonialism left us with borders, and
even as we fervently call for African unity it cannot be ignored that the
existence of our states is an objective fact and that we each have a profound
national sentiment. Yet it is still true that Africans as a whole remain
committed to the ideal of African unity.

Niger believes that the natural extension of African unity is unity with the

Arab World. The heads of state and government met in 1977 in Cairo to
establish the bases for a fruitful cooperation, and an Arab-African meeting

68



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

PRESS CENSORSHIP SAID NEEDED--Lagos, May 13--Nigeria's National Assembly has
endorsed the need for press censorship during future elections in the coun-
try. The move followed a decision of a joint conference of the National
Assembly on an electoral bill which approved the setting up of a national
advisory council on Federal Government-owned mass media organisations.

A new clause was inserted in an electoral bill by the House of Representa-
tives to the effect that the press would be monitored three months before
elections and one month after. The national advisory council, according to
the joint conference, should allow programmes on political activities to
appear on the radio and television networks to ensure a free and fair elec-—
tion. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2897, 14 May 82 p 15]

LEGISLATORS: RECOGNIZE ISRAEL--About 105 legislators backed a proposal from
opposition member Mr. E. C. Ebo calling on President Shagari "to do all
within his power to persuade all other members of the Organisation of African
Unity (OAU) to recognise Israel, as ‘soon as possible". Debate on the motion
was suspended to allow signatures in support of it to be registered. There
have been several calls for Nigerian recognition of Israel over the last few
weeks, many of them coming from Christians in this largely Moslem country who
wish to make pilgrimages to Israel. [Text] [London WEST AFRICA in English
No 3381, 24’May 82 p 1425]

BULGARIA AIDS BAUCHI STATE--The Vice-president of the National Assembly of
the People's Republic of Bulgaria, Mrs. Drazha Valeheva, has said in Bauchi
that Bulgaria would exploit all possible means to assist Bauchi in its tech-
nological development. Mrs. Valeheva, who was leading a six-man delegation
of Bulgarian parliamentarians on a visit to the Bauchi legislature, said that
her country was happy with the hospitality being accorded Bulgarians resident
in Nigeria. She said that they were in Nigeria to see the progress Nigeria
was making in building the new Federal capital at Abuja, with a view to
assessing how the Bulgarian Government could contribute. Mrs. Valeheva said
that the Bulgarian Government had already trained hundreds of Nigerians in
various technological fields and that about 750 Nigerians, 50 of whom were
from Bauchi State, were currently studying in Bulgaria. [Text] [London WEST
AFRICA in English No 3381, 24 May 82 p 1426]

cso: 4700/1344

77



215248

JPRS 81089
21 June 1982

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

No. 2643

FBIS

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

8
Age?



BRIXTON TOWER CONSPIRATORS SENTENCED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 9

{Article by Chris Steyn]

{Text ]

Two African Nat-,
ional Congress office.
bearers were sen-:
tenced to 10 and five’
years’ imprisonment
in the Rand Supreme
Court. yesterday for
contravening _ the
Terrorism and Inter-
nal Security Acts.
Robert Martin Adam

(26). of Yeoville and
Mandla Themba of So-
weto were found guilty
of conspiring to destroy
the Brixton Tower and
of obtaining support
for and furthering the:

African ~College for?
Higher Education !
started working for the:
‘ANC in.1980. His work

included the. reception
and distribution of ;
ANC . pamphlets and

publications. .

cussios with ANC mem-.
bers. Letters and re-:
ports were conveyed to.
the ANC by means of a
so-called “dead letter”:
‘box. is

‘When Mr Adam met:
an ANC member on two:
occasions in a park ix
Yeoville during July:

‘Hast year, be was fol-

lowed by a& Major
ity Police. *

103

He tape-recorded the
conversations, and fol-
lowed Mr Adam from
the park. A note which
fell from his person was
picked . up Maj
Conwright who later
also. found a report”
written on the Brixton
Tower in a dustbin:

Mr Adam and Mr
Themba visited the
Brixton Tower where
they were shown
around by an SABC of-
ficial. .Mr Adam ob-
tained information and
Mr Themba took photo--

graphs. “e

The photographs,
taken in July, were in-
cluded as evidence with
the report found in the
dustbin. The two men
visited the tower under
the pretence of wanting‘
to write an article and
illustrate it for a maga.
zine. Photocopies of the
photographs were later
found in Mr Themba’s
house.

The report set out
possible targets for an
attack, described secur-
ity measures and in-
cluded a map of the
tower. The photo-
graphs showed the
radio equipment and
installations and identi- -
fied the “easy targets”.
They showed where the
explosives should be
placed and one photo-
graph. showed. the en-;

SOUTH AFRICA


FINANCE MINISTER RAPS IMF FOR STIFF CONDITIONS

Lusaka SUNDAY TIMES in English 23 May 82 p 1

[Text]

THE Government must reduce external
borrowing to avoid mortgaging the coun-
try, Finance Minister Mr Kebby Musokot-
wanie has urged. :

It must-constantly review its borrowing tactics and
strategies and ensure that all borrowed money was used
judiciously to strengthen the economy.

Mr Musokotwane said this on radio Zambia programme
“Bace the Nation” on Friday night during which he criticised the
International Monetary Fund (IMF) for its stiff conditions on loans
to developing countries. . .

Zambia should minimise borrowing where necessary, he said,
“The future of the country should not be determined by how much
we borrow.”” .

Mr Musokotwane said Zambia like other countries could not
do away with borrowing, but the nation should constantly review
its borrowing policies.

He was not scared of borrowing money externally, but when
he did so he was cautious not to ‘‘mortgage’’ the country.

It was difficult to borrow money from one source today
because the traditional money markets had dried up.

Zambia would therefote borrow money from any country “‘as
long as this does not interfere with our policies,” he said.

‘On Zambia's balance of payments position, Mr Musokotwarie
admitted that the country’s economy was beleaguered and warned
the Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) which lost K135.
million last year might this year lose K185 million if operational

-problems were not minimised. 7
““Y can, ‘without shame, — Yorelgn”” éxchange'to~ Focal’
say that our problems (eco- industries like ROP for raw

nomic) are grave, but they materials, the minister said

‘are: not insurmountable.
measures were being worked
out to redress the imbalance.””
. Without giving any figures,
Mr Musokotwane said the
Government was slowly te-
paying some of its loans,
but this was no easy task
because of the plummeting
copper prices on the inter-.
ational market. nos
2, Asked why the Govern-
‘ment, was flooding _ State
front Zimbi

the idea was to let ROP and
others step up production. .

The country had faced
serious shortages of essential
commodities for ‘some time
and although there was need
to strengthen local industries
some of these had. no foreign
exchange cover.

The Government had deli-

berately made arrangements.

for ROP and Colgate-Palmo-
live to boost output while
shops were still flooded with
imported soap so that once

126

ZAMBIA


COPWE Representatives Stress Heavy Responsibilities of Office-
Bearers
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 22 May 82)...eecccccsccccccecvccscece 24

Weekly Wrapup of Non-English Press
(Dereje Balcha; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 23 May 82)....-.---+0- 26

Briefs
Youth Associations in Factories 29
New Eritrean Peasant Associations 29
Coffee Seedlings Planted 29
Mettu-Alge Road Open 30
Eastern Zone Distribution Activities 30
Defense Squad Course Completion 30
Grain Quota Fulfillment 31

GABON

Makaya Writes on Special Small Business Fund
(Makaya; L'UNION, 20-21 Mar 82)..... eee e eee cece en eenee 32

GUINEA-BISSAU ‘

Regional Party Officials Analyze Policy Deficiencies
(NO PINTCHA, 1 May 82)....eseeeeeeeeee ees 33

Briefs
Portuguese Radio Cooperation 35

MALAWL

Country Prides Itself on 'First-Class' Army
(Jean-Michel Stoullig; AFRICA AFP, 20 Apr 82)...........+ 36

Present Government of Cowmtry Analyzed
(Peter Vale; FRONTLINE, May 82)....-cececcccsscscvcuvoeee 38

MAURITIUS

Moslem Group Acts on Differences With Labor Party
(LE MAURICIEN, 21, 22 Apr 82, L'EXPRESS, 26 Apr 82)...... 41

Withdrawal From Alliance

Peeroo Resignation

Decision on Election Participation
MOZAMBIQUE

Spanish Firm To Deliver New Coastal Cargo Ships
(NOTLCIAS, 1 May 82)....ccsecesceccscevcnccecees se eeeeees 44



sO:

trance to the tower.” *

Robert Adam's
father, Mr James
Adam, told the court
his son grew up in the
atmosphere of a stable
marriage and a strong
Christian faith.

He told the court that
although his son was
physically handicapped,
he achieved “quite mag-
nificently”. He obtained
_first class honours in
physics and maths and
had stayed apolitical
throughout school and
university.

He said he never
knew his son has par-

- ticipated in ANC activi-

ties until he was de-
tained in Cape Town
after his return from
London.

“In. our home a con-
cern for justice in the
world was - habitually
expressed. I believe Ro-
bert’s concern and sen-
se of commitment for’
underprivileged. people
led to his commitment
with the ANC,”-he said.

“An unquestioned de-
sire for social justice

drove him to what he “

now faces.”

In sentencing Adam
to 10 years’ and Them-
ba to. five years’ im-

_prisonment . Judge
“president WH Boshoft
«said it was dear'the two.

4700/1331

104

men were members of
the ANC, who's aims
were to overthrow law-
ful authority in the Re-
public by means of viol-
ence.

He said the court
kept in mind that the
conspiracy only miscar-
ried because of police
intervention.

He described their
conspiracy as an “ex-
tremely serious act”,
that would have meant
extreme financial loss
to South Africa.

If the sabotage suc-
ceeded 1,5 million view-
ers woul@=have “been;
without television ‘for’
12 to 18 months, .and
Rémillion damage
would have been done
to TV installations.

Mr Boshoff, however,
said Mr Adam was more
involved in the plans
and played a more im-
portant part in the ac-
tivities of-the ANC in
the Republic than Mr
Themba.

After being ._-sen-
tenced Mr Adam gave a
Black power. salute
while his friends in the
courtroom started sing-
ing “N’kosikele Afri-
ka”. . He shouted
“Amandla” and disap-
peared down the stairs
to the cells...



Supreme Committee disclosed here
yesterday.

Ina statement issued the committee
noted that the stage of development
attained and experience gained by
workers to date attest to their grow-
ing and active participation in the
electoral process.

The committee pointed out in its
statement that the election of office
bearers of regional industrial branch
unions will be followed immediately.
by elections of executive committee
members of regional trade unions.

The statement outlined the benefits
which the working people derive from
the on-going structural and organisa-
tional changes underway throughout
the country.

The statement noted the opportuni:

ties created to strengthen the solida-
rity of workers’ and peasants’ associa
tions with other mass organisations.
It explained that the struggle being
waged by the working people to stren-
gthen their organisation paves the
way for lasting freedom, for the en-
hancement of productivity and for
laying a strong foundation for. socia-
lism.

csO: 4700/1345

25

The process being followed for the
restructuring and reorganisation of
peasants’' associations would ensure
the proper flow of the directives of
the Revolutionary Government and
COPWE, said the statement.’

Equally, the setting up of control
committees alongside the formation of
workers’ organisations increases the
participation of the workers in ‘con-
trol activities, the statement further

The statement enumerates the pro-
cedures to be followed to undertake
the election of trade unions at the
regional level beginning May 23. It
specifies the composition of the meet-
ings to convene to form .the regional
industrial branch unions and of the
regional trade union charged with the
responsibility of electing office-bearers
for the regional trade unions,

The organisation of trade unions
at the regional level would be comple-
ted on June 2, The statement express-
ed confidence that the success of the
election evidenced up to now would
be continued and that the working
people would elect competent and qua-
lified comrades to head their unions
at the regional level.


A modest Dr Worrall stated that the Committee for Economic Affairs had done
all the hard work. He attempted to illustrate his role with the following
story, a story which the Council fully enjoyed.

There once was a tomcat. (He spoke in English.) This male cat was the terror
of the neighborhood and was always running around. After numerous complaints
from neighbors, the owner took the cat to the veterinarian to be "doctored"

so that he could give up his tricks. No sooner said than done.

One day, one of the owner's neighbors wanted to know whether the treatment of
the tomcat had not been a success or what. The cat was still running around.

"Yes," the owner replied, "But this time it is in an advisory capacity!"

His role had primarily been of an advisory nature, said Dr Worrall. He wanted
to congratulate Dr Van der Merwe for the report. This is an important mile-
stone and will henceforth be known as the Van der Merwe Report.

Later on, Dr Willie van Niekerk, chairman of the Committee for Community Rela-
tions, referred to Dr Worrall as a "tomcat of great expertise."

In his concise address, Dr Worrall said, among other things, that politics
always remains an art. Politics is the art of the possible, but now it has
‘become the art of the necessary. Thus he created a new expression of which
we will hear a great deal more.

He could not help also referring with disappointment to opportunities for re-
form which have been allowed to slip through our fingers in recent years. As
an example, he mentioned the Black Council.

The fact that the boycotters of the Presidential Council said that the recom-
mendations met their minimum demands, means that they went much further than
that.

Dr Willie van Niekerk is a man who has rapidly become popular. He does not
mince words and speaks with authority and conviction. With loud "hear-hears,"
he stated that the whites, the coloreds and the Indians have only one father-
land. This is avreality which a person cannot escape. There is no possibility
for vertical separatism.

With this change in patterns of behavior, attitudes will also change. The
coloreds will fight shoulder to shoulder with the whites for our fatherland,
because they will also have a voice.

Finally, a little something about the subtle Mr Thys van Lingen. He recalled
that the report must be sold to the public. "There are whites who see a ghost,
or, as Mr A.A.S. le Fleur would say, a Griqua behind every bush." (Mr Le Fleur
is the only Griqua on the Council.)

Those people who reject the report are, according to him, either far-left indi-

viduals who live in a Buck Rogers fool's paradise, or far-right individuals
who have not yet discovered the wheel.

84



Dr Worrall noted that to say that the idea of a non-parliamentary executive
president is a deviation from South African traditions is not true. The pre-
sidential system and traditions have greatly evolved over the years. This was
the case in the former South African Republic and in the Freestate Republic,
which had a successful and effective presidential government system.

Departure

Furthermore, the role of the prime minister as part of the parliamentary go-
vernment in South Africa has expanded tremendously over the years -- in concert
with the development of the Westminster system elsewhere in the world. The
Westminster system was originally called a parliamentary government, and later
a cabinet government. Today there is a tendency to call it a prime ministerial
government.

Hence, it would be wrong to think that the establishment of an executive pre-
sident represents a drastic departure from the current system.

Dr Worrall said that the reactions to the proposals, which have already been
received,’ are interesting and encouraging. The first report of the Constitu-
tional Committee will be discussed next week in the Presidential Council and
details will be provided which will throw more light on the recommendations.

Possible Dictatorial Powers Checked
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 3
[article: "Dictatorial Powers Will Be Turned Aside" |

[text] Yesterday, near Stellenbosch, Dr Willie van Niekerk, chairman of the
Presidential Council's Committee on Community Relations, said that mechanisms
will be written into the constitution which will exorcise people's fear about
possible dictatorial powers for the proposed president.

During a celebration of Republic Day in the locality of Nooitgedacht, he said
that it must be made very clear that the recommendations from the Presidential
Council do’not include the writing of the constitution. In the writing stage,
certain mechanisms will be built in which will prevent the development of a
dictatorial administration. Dr Van Niekerk noted that during the 21st celebra-
tion of the Republic, one should recall the formidable contributions made by
the Afrikaners to the development of a stable government in South Africa.

"It is my hope, and I am confident that the year 1982 will be recorded in his-
tory as the year in which the Afrikaners took another major historic step by
taking the coloreds and the Indians along with them in the development of a
great future for everyone."

"The realization of this and the ultimate establishment of a confederal distri-

bution with the blacks must become the biggest challenge for South Africa in
the eighties."

. 79.



ANGOLA

LUANDA HARBOR CONGESTION, POOR ECONOMY, CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS
Windhoek REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 22 Apr 82 p 4

[Text] Luanda--Angola has succeeded in eliminating one of its most notorious
bottlenecks in its economy by greatly alleviating the congestion in Luanda
which is its most important harbor.

Less than a year ago people who went to Luanda were amazed at what they saw
in the harbor...usually as many as 90 ships waiting to be unloaded.

This week there were 12 ships in the harbor and 3 were anchored outside of
the harbor.

This week harbor officials said that for the first time in the history of
independent Angola, Luanda is not listed as a harbor where there is congestion.

Angola has achieved little in the economic field worthy of celebration ever
since the Portuguese left the country in 1975, but the change which has
taken place in the past 9 months in the harbor of Luanda is remarkable.

When the conference on European and West African sea routes, held in mid-March
in Rotterdam, announced that the congestion on the West African coast was
something of the past, this received little publicity in Luanda.

One of the reasons was possibly the fact that the harbor of Luanda has always
been a barometer of the economic, political and even military problems of
Angola (the country with many secrets); the presence of few ships in its
harbors was to some extent the result of the government's order to cut down
on imports.

President Dos Santos of Angola ordered that the congestion was to be a thing
of the past by the end of February and in order to attain this the authorities
sent 10 ships to the southern harbor of Lobito and there their cargoes were
unloaded on three coasting vessels which served as floating storage houses.

The fact that the cargoes of ten ships could be unloaded in the three vessels
intensified Angola's suspicion that part of the congestion in the harbor of
Luanda was being caused by greedy shipowners.



Democratic Coalition enjoys majority support on the part of the South-West's
population.

Kerina and his "coalition" have set.a record in this instance, because they
lied as they never lied before in the political history of the South-West.

Internally very few people, if any at all, know of such a Kerina-Kuruaihe
coalition. The name of this organization pops up off and on in the press
(mostly when a press statement is made), but otherwise nobody knows that
this thing exists. However, abroad, the story is apparently known to some
extent, because the argument of the propaganda sounds so good:

"The coalition is a moderate front with two highly competent leaders--Kerina,
who knows international politics on the tip of his fingers, and Johannes
Kuruaihe who is a very well-known internal politician. Moreover, several
black and white leaders picked them out from the Constitutional Assembly

and from the DTA. All of this has now led to its becoming the only other
moderate front which has received majority support from the population.

The NDC is thus in the favorable position of now being the only moderate
front which can beat SWAPO."

Greater nonsense than this cannot.be conceived and those who believe this
are completely uninformed on the political situation in the South-West.

First of all, ever since 1980 the South-West has no longer’ had a constitutional
assembly, but rather the National Assembly which is a full fledged parliament
having legislative and executive authority (with the exception of a few
functions which are still being managed by South Africa).

Secondly: No picking of people from the National Assembly could be of any
benefit to the Kerina coalition. The whites who have withdrawn could not
care less about Kerina and company. These whites are: Werner Neef, who
has joined ranks with Peter Kalangula, and Attorney Sarel Becker whose
supporters would rather give Kerina poison than support. The few blacks,
who are no longer with the DTA, have never wanted to have anything to do
with Kerina,

Thirdly: Nobody would support an organization which is not known, or nobody
is aware that it exists.

Thus Kerina's efforts abroad to create the impression that his coalition has
the majority of Namibians behind him is aimed simply at pulling the wool

over somebody's eyes for the purpose of obtaining support abroad, a support
which he does not have at home. Of course. this all has to do with the
obtainment of funds! So this is the reason for this bit of political fiction.

Preaching What DTA Practices
Windhoek REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 23 Apr 82 p 6

[Text] Recently we have had a few things to. say about the so-called Namibia
Democratic Coalition; however, it has become necessary to further expose this

49



TERRORIST WINS APPEAL, HAS SENTENCE SLICED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 14

[Text]

cso:

4700/1331

BLOEMFONTEIN.
— The Appeal Court
has allowed the ap-
peal. of Mxilikazi
Godfrey Khumalo, of
KwaMasha, against
his conviction and
sentence of five
years’ imprisonment
on a charge of taking
part in terrorist. ac-
tivities.

However, the court
dismissed his appeal

against convictions and :

‘sentences on a further

two counts of partici- ©

pation in terrorist ac-
tivities, one count of

conspiracy to murder ©
and one count of con- =

spiracy to commit mal-
icious damage to prop-
erty in contravention of
the Riotous Assemblies
Act.

Khumalo was- con-
victed. by the Judge
President of Natal, Mr
Justice N James, in the
Natal Supreme Court
on.March 1, 1979, and
sentenced to an effec-
tive 20. years’ im-
prisonment. The effec-
tive period of?
imprisonment will now :
be 17 years.

Mr “Justice Galgut

(Acting Judge of Ap-

peal), with the concur-
rence of Mr Justice Jan-
sen. and Mr Justice’
Diemont, said the trial
court should have had a
doubt as to the guilt of
Khumalo on the first
count. ~

91

On this count he was
found to have incited,
instigated, commanded,
aided or procured Sa-
muel Makhanya during

outside South ‘Africa,
which training could be
useful to a person in-
tending to endanger
the maintenance of law
and order in. South
Africa.

The charges on which.
Khumalo’s appeal was
dismissed were:

@ That Khumalo had.
undergone training, as
referred to in the first
count, in Mozambique
and Zambia between
October 16, 1977, and
January 20, 1978 — six
years imprisonment;

@ That at or near the
Mahamba-Sulphur
Springs Road, Piet Re-
tief district, on Feb-

* ruary 26, 1978, he was in

wrongful and unlawful
possession of explos-

ives, firearms and am-.

munition. — eight
years;

@ That in January/
February 1978 he con-
spired to kill members
of the security branch
of the South African
Police (three years im-
prisonment) and to de-
stroy bridges, railway
lines, police stations
and other government
buildings in South Afri-
ca, (two ‘years concur-
rent with the three
years).

SOUTH AFRICA


NIGER

ARBI STRESSES NEED FOR SECURITY OF OFFICIAL BUILDINGS
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 6 Apr 82 p 3

["Arbi's Views" colum]

[Text] When I hear the radio so often talk at length about vigilance and
national security, sometimes I say to myself: These reporters go to excess.
For the Nigeriens are a peaceful people who have nothing to fear from anyone:
they are sheltered from everything. I tell myself this, and it. reassures me,
although our nonchalance, our easy way of life, and our excessive confidence
do sometimes worry me.

However, ever since last Sunday I have decided that the radio is right:
vigilance is necessary and must be the concern of every citizen. Let me
explain briefly:

On Sunday morning, at about 1130, my boss sent me to one of the major

ministries to pick up a document which a high. ministry official had left for
us with the building guard. I wandered around for more than a quarter of an
hour inside and outside the office building: there was no guard or watchman.

I thus returnéd to inform my boss who was waiting for me at the office
although it was Sunday; and do you know what happened?

I ran into a couple of blond tourists who explained in elementary English that
they were looking for bathrooms.

Do you understand? A couple of foreign "tourists" holding hands in a large
public place at 1100 on a Sunday looking for the "little room"?

I wondered who had given them the idea, and particularly how they had managed
to get into an official office building which is supposed to be guarded night
and day. Explanation: There also, on that day, was neither a guard nor a
watchman. He had probably gone as usual to a neighboring office to gossip
with his colleagues.

Thus, all the guards and watchmen of our official buildings must be told
straight out: Just because our minitries are public services does not mean
that they have to be accessible to the public at large around-the-clock.

If tourists can gain access right into the corridors of our ministries, and
even on Sunday, this means that anyone from anywhere could enter to do anything.

9920 70
CsO: 4719/838



organizing the training course and which he said was the third of its kind.
[Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 13 May 82 p 3]

GRAIN QUOTA FULFILLMENT--Addis Ababa (ENA)--The grain purchasing task force
of the Agricultural Grain Corporation has fulfilled 80 per cent of its task
during the current harvest season: The Corporation announced here yester-
day that targets of 109 per cent, 90 per cent, 83 per cent and 64 per cent
were attained in Arssi, Gondar, Gojjam and Shoa regions respectively during
the period July 1973 E.C. to May 1974 E.C. Quota fulfillments were also
reported in Wollo (84 per. cent), Woilega (60 per cent), Kaffa (32 per cent),
Bale (134 per cent), Sidamo (85 per cent) and Illubabor (10 per cent). The
Corporation announced that 80 per cent of the quota allocation was fulfilled
during the period under review. The Corporation said 33 per cent of the
total purchase was made through peasant service cooperatives. [Text] [Addis
Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 12 May 82 p 1]

CsO: 4700/1345

31



December 1976, in the same district, had received only 3,202 and 2,900
votes, respectively, compared with 5,520 and 5,384 votes for the CAM
candidates, A. Aubdool and Sulliman Bhayat, who finished fourth and fifth.
The CAM is convinced it can win in this district, as it has been able to
recover its traditional electorate, he said.

Razack Peeroo's Letter [published in English]
Dear Prime Minister,

In view of the unreasonable attitude of the Labour Party towards the CAM,
I have no other alternative than to tender my resignation as Minister of
Lbour and Industrial Relations.

I avail myself of this opportunity to thank you for the confidence you
have put in me. I can assure you, I have fulfilled my responsibility to
the best of my ability and in the best interest of our country.

Please, convey my warm regards to my colleagues of the Cabinet.
I remain,
Sir,
Yours faithfully,
(A.R. Peeroo)
Decision on Election Participation
Port Louis L'EXPRESS in French 26 Apr 82 p 7

[Text] The Moslem Action Committee [CAM], during yesterday's meeting of
its executive committee, decided to take part in the upcoming popular
elections. That is what L'EXPRESS was told yesterday by R. Bundhun, one
of CAM's leaders, shortly after the meeting. He added that the party
intends to present a slate of 15 candidates. These candidates probably
will be selected between now and Monday. Bundhun also said that the CAM
proposes to make contact with certain political parties to eventually form
an election alliance with these parties. The parties involved are the
Mauritian Democratic Union, the Mauritian Islamic Party and the Mauritian
Social Democratic Party. Bundhun added that a CAM member had been expelled
for having engaged in certain negotiations with another political party.

8143
csov 4719/911

43



Earlier, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Dr John Luwuliza-Kirunda,
presented a bill seeking to review the Passport Act (1964), to the House.

The Speaker, Mr Francis Butagita, adjourned the House until April 14 this
year.

He wished Members good Easter, adding: "When the House resumes, ministers
will be required to give policy statements concerning their ministries."

cso: 4700/1340

112



NAMIBIA

DEMOGRATIC TURNHALLE ALLIANCE FACES NEW COMPETITION
NDC Leader Pictured As Imposter
Windhoek REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 22 Apr 82 p 4

[Text] The fact that Master Mburumba Kerina is an opportunist is the last
thing we would call a secret here in South-West Africa and the fact that
in addition he is a character whom nobody likes as an ally is no more of
a secret.

If anyone from the ranks of the South-West tries to join up with Kerina that
person must be no more than a politically drowning individual.

He was with SWAPO, but is no“longer welcome there; he was with PROSWA,

but he will certainly not be reinstated; he went to court the DIA [Democratic
Turnhalle Alliance] parties, but one after the other they pushed him aside
and ultimately left him on the proverbial shelf.

His efforts to make the Namibia Patriotic Coalition (NPC) an election front
against the DTA in 1978 failed miserably. Incidentally the biggest history
ever made by the NPC was an act of plagiarism by having a painting of artist
Denis Murphy reproduced on a poster.

Moreover, this man has a bad name in the South-West, because he pretended
to be a professor...something which he has never been anywhere. Using this
false mask, today he is actually posing as that through his book (Namibia--
The Making of a Nation) recently published and advertised as having been
written by him as "Professor Mburumba Kerina."

In a press statement by himself and Mr Johannes Kuruaihe's Namibia Democratic
Coalition (NDC) (Kerina's most recent political home), the book was even
referred to as "the first book on Namibia, written by a Namibian."

By presenting himself as such he testifies that he is either completely
ignorant of any other material or that he is a liar, because that is a sheer
falsehood.

With this as a background it would not surprise anybody in the South-West
to hear that Kerina is going around abroad with stories that the Namibia

48



SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS PROTEST 'POOR DIET, SANITATION'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 May 82 pl

[Excerpt]

MORE” than “500° Chiwala

Secondary School students
yesterday boycotted. classes
and marched to the office of
the Copperbelt chief education
officer Mr Yutulu Sililo to
protest against poor diet and
deteriorating sanitary condi-
tions at their institution.

Boycotting the classes were
Forms One, Two and Three
students but fourth and fifth
formers attended classes.

The students, who walked
from Chiwala to town, a
distance of about 13 km,

chanted slogans demanding a-

change of diet, and end to
overcrowding in the dor-
mitories and classrooms.

Their complaints centred on
insufficient beds and desks
because of over enrolment,
lack of water since the new
term opened three weeks
ago, and eating of beans and
kapenta only.

They feared an outbreak of

CSO: 4700/1334

133

an epidemic if sanitation was
not improved soon because the
lavatories were flooded and
the situation was worsened by
lack of water.

Armed police who confron-
ted the marchers told them
that their protest was illegal
and that they should behave in
an orderly manner, but the
protesters refused to disperse
or to return to school.

Copperbelt police chief Mr
Julius Zulu who arrived later
told the students to sit quietly.
while they walted for Mr Sililo
to address them.

Twenty student representa-
tives met Mr Sililo and other
education officers.

Students had decided to see
Mr Sililo after appeals through
the headmaster and other
offictals who visited the school
tor improvement had fallen
on dei 6

Mr Silllo promised to look
into thelr problems.

ZAMBIA


MOZAMBIQUE

SPANISH FIRM TO DELIVER NEW. COASTAL CARGO SHIPS .
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese.1 May 82 p 12

[Text] .Iwo coastal ships recently purchased by. NABIQUE. from.EURO-MAR, the
Spanish ship building firm, will. be.turned over to representatives of the
Mozambican -Government next week in Madrid, according to a source in the DNIMF
[National Administration for Maritime and. River.Transportation] who spoke
with our editorial staff. Together the two vessels cost $2,575,000
(approximately 5.27 Million meticais).

A delegation from our country headed by Adamo Valy, who is both national
director of maritime and river transportation.and of the NAVIQUE company,
is leaving today for Spain to.represent the Mozambican’ Government at the
ceremony ‘where the two.ships will be turned over.

‘According ‘to the DNIMF source, -the relative delay.in delivering the two
freighters was due to financial. questions which were:.solved by the banks
intervening in the ship.transaction process.

The ships will be handed over to: the representatives of the Mozambican Govern-
ment in.a two-stage process: .first, the purchase and sales documents will

be. signed taking. care of .the business matters and second, ‘the flag of the
People's Republic. of Mozambique will be hoisted on the two ships.

The same source added that’ the two newly acquired cargo: ships will be used
for. shipping along:our coast..and.can call.at any Mozambican port.

The ships will. be turned over at the docks to permit a final inspection and
then ‘they will leave in turn for the People's Republic.of Mozambique.

Average travel time.is.somewhere between 20.and 25 days. Each of the two
ships can. transport approximately 1,200.tons of various:kinds.of cargo.

On their voyage.to Mozambique, the two vessels will.carry. various types of
cargo .currently~held..in Spain... However,.the two ships may: take.on freight
in. Spanish-or Portuguese ports,.all.depending on the location of cargo at
present.

Built in.1977, the two ships have:the following specifications: 71.5 meters

long, 11.4 meters wide; they draw 4 meters and travel at an average speed of
11.5 knots.

44



“~The common front has also deepened rifts within
the NPP. An important group, the self-styled Tac-
tical Committee, led by Senator Nathaniel Anah, is
opposed to any suggestion of an alliance with other
parties to the left. The Tactical Committee has
already called for the expulsion of all NPP leaders, |

including Azikiwe (‘‘Zik’’), who attend) PPA
meetings. There are rumours that the Anah group
will soon cross over to the NPN, and in this respect it
is interesting that it counts among its members
Senator Simon Ojukwu, a relative of the former
Biafran leader. The name of Dr. Michael Okpara,
the former premier of the old Eastern Region, has
also been associated with the Tactical Committee. At
the beginning of May, Senator Uba Ahmed, who is
close to the NPN, said that the federal government
would “respect the wishes of the majority of
Ibos...without Ojukwu, the Ibos are yet to find a ge-
nuine leader.’’ Zik, he claimed, had ‘‘not provided
the kind of leadership the Ibos are looking for”’.
Although an opposition front was clearly on the
cards, its viability seemed so dubious that the ruling
party dismissed the, prospect. For instance, Dr.
Chuba Okadigbo, Shagari’s adviser on political af-
fairs, said that Zik and Obafemi Awolowo (leader of
the Unity Party of Nigeria — UPN) were “‘com-
pulsively incompatible’. The rivalry between the two
men spans the whole of Nigeria’s post-independence
history. Even when the PPA was about to be formed,
NPP leaders such as Governor Mbakwe said they
would stay in such an alliance only if Zik became its
leader. UPN governors, on their part, were equally
outspoken about their desire to see Awolowo as PPA
presidential candidate in 1983. (Awolowo, aged 73, is
four years younger than Zik). But now it seems that
Zik has found a way out of the difficulty of who is to
be boss. He is proposing to amend the constitution
away from the present system with its ‘dictatorial
implications” and revert to a modified parliamentary
system in which power would be shared between
president and prime minister. Awolowo responded
positively, but seems to regard himself as the senior
partner, judging from his vision (in a written reply to
Zik) of ‘‘a partnership in which you will be the na-
tion’s guide, philosopher and friend, and 1 its chief

servant! e

CSO: 4700/1343

73


the South African context. It is not moulded in the ideology of race rela-
tions.

In a strong sense it is cdlor blind and more advanced than the social reali-
ties of the day. The report can be implemented in a new social reality and in
any anticipated situation.

Reform at the local government level should be seen in terms of the whole con-
stitutional system. The recommendations relative to local government could
be made only after a picture of the whole constitutional system had been de-
veloped.

Only One No
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 3
[Article: “Only One Said No"]

[Text] The celebrated and historic first constitutional report of the Presi-
dential Council on local and regional government, was adopted yesterday by the
Presidential Council with only one negative vote, that of Mr Fanie Herman.

A loud "yes" resounded when Mr Alwyn Schlebusch, chairman of the Presidential
Council, asked all those in favor of the report to say"yes," and those against
"no," Mr Herman raised his hand and said "no."

"With this historic debate, the first significant step has been taken on the
road to a better future for everyone in South Africa," stated Dr Schalk van
der Merwe, chairman of the Committee for Economic Affairs and the Constitution-
al Committee in his reply.

Two weeks after having been handed to the state president, this report must be
brought before the House of Assembly, provided that it is still in session.

Overwhelming Positive Response
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 3
{Article by Jacques van Wyk: “Large Yes for Presidential Council Report" |
[text] With a chorus of yesses, the Report on Local and Regional Government
Systems was adopted yesterday in the Presidential Council. There was only
one no -- that of Mr Fanie Herman.
Thus, a first significant step has been taken on the road to a better alloca-
tion for everyone in South Africa, to use the final words of Dr Schalk van der
Merwe.

This report was the joint product of two committees -- the Committee for Eco-
nomic Affairs, with Dr Van der Merwe as chairman, and the Constitutional Com-

mittee under the chairmanship of Dr Denis Worrall.

83



MALAWI

PRESENT GOVERNMENT OF COUNTRY ANALYZED

Braamfontein FRONTLINE in English May 82 pp 16-17

[Article by Dr Peter Vale, director of research of the South African Insti-
tute of International Affairs: "Its Feet and Its Heart Are a Long Way

Apart"]

[Text]

T HE story is told of the South Afri-
can student in a Blantyre bar who

innounced that he found Malawian
Politics more oppressive than South Afri-
ca’s, For this insight, the tale concludes,
he spent two weeks in the Blantyre jail.

For South Africans, to step off the!
plane at Chileka Airport is simultaneously |
a step into the future — Black majority
tule — and into the past — a quaint,
pristine society. And the trauma present-:
ed by living in a dual time capsule, as it
were, engenders a feeling of eeriness
about the land of His Excellency the Life’
President Ngwazi Dr H. Kamuzu Banda, |
and allows one a certain sympathy with
the jailed student, |

Like the biblical description, Malawi
is in the frontline but not of the front-
line. The over-heralded link with South!
Africa puts Malawi’s feet in a place!
distant from its heart which, as the travel
Posters declare, is in the middle of Africa, |
As the Eighties deepen, the challenge
facing Banda (or his heirs) is how to
prevent complete dismemberment as
Southern Africa’s polarity grows, i

Hastings Banda was a moderately

“ successful London general practitioner |

when African nationalism beckoned him,
After tarrying in Ghana for 3 years, he
retumed home some thirty years after
leaving. In those thirty years he had
journeyed to South Africa (legend has it
on foot), the States (for a medical degree)

38

and London. In the interim, he had
almost lost his native tongue. To this day
he makes speeches in English, using an
interpreter.

Banda’s prestige and his distance from
the nascent Nyasa nationalism made him
an ideal compromise candidate for the
factions vying for power in the early
Sixties. Invited to take control as a
temporary stopgap, the Ngwazi had more
permanent plans and made a successful
transplant from medicine to politics,
where he has been for twenty-one years,

Now somewhere between 78 and 85
years old, the Ngwazi sees himself as the

‘Continent’s elder statesman. This is not a

view fully shared by his contemporaries —
some of whom think they deserve that
accolade but most of whom think the
South African connection has condemned
Banda to limbo.

Looking at the Ngwazi’s political style,
the elder statesman shades into a God-
father image, for the power of personal
patronage has secured Banda’s position.
However, like the Godfather legend, pro-
blems begin to mount as does the old
man’s age and continuing absence of a
visible successor.

In the Sixties and Seventies, Malawi
was the darling of all hardnosed econo-
mists. The growth rate averaged 6% per
annum and agricultural output was
sufficient to feed the population and still
have some over for export. By last year,



ZAMBIA

ZCCM CHAIRMAN ANNOUNCES MEASURES TO AVERT MINING INDUSTRY CRISIS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 22 May 82 p 1

[Text]

thereby ~ reducing —~. spipéline,

ZAMBIA Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) chairman Mr
Francis Kaunda has announced far reaching measures to avert
the crisis facing the mining industry as a result of the low copper
prices and effects of the inflationary pressures.

He warmed that’ mat-°
ters had come to ‘a
head’? and remedial ac-
tion could not be delayed
any longer as this could
have sericus consequen-
ces not only for the min-
ing industry, but for the
national economy. 4s
well.

The ZCCM chief announced *

that copper production targets
for the financial year ended
March 31. 1983 had been
increased for all divisions.
Economies would be effec-
ted in the purchase and con-
sumption of stores, there

would be tighter control on ~

the use of transport and fuel
and administrative overheads
would be pruned.

Other measures include:
® Closer liaison with Zambia
Railways, Tazara and Zambia
Tanzania Road — Services

-AZTRS) to ensure.a smooth

flow of metals to ports,

N

éstocks:
» @ Expenditure on equipment”
not immediately required for
production would be deferred.

@ Recruitment of both ex-
patriate and local staff is
restricted with immediate
effect;
@ Manning levels of both
Zambian and _— expatriate
employees would be. reduced

through non-renewal of some
expatriate contracts, natural
wastage and early retirement.

@ Discipline © would be
tightened further;

@ Greater emphasis would be
placed on repairing and
reconditioning uid equipment.
@ in a brief for editors-in-chief
of thé mass media, Mr Kaunda
said there had been a
deterioration in. the general
situation since his meeting
with the editors on March 31,
1982 among whom was Times
of Zambia Editor-in-Chief. Mr
Naphy Nyalugwe. ©

Mr Kaunda summarised
then the most acute problems.
facing the Zambian. copper
mining industry as: Declining
metal production, low metal
prices, shortage of skills in
some areas, scarcity of foreign
exchange and transport con-
straints.

On the international econo-
mic front. inflationary pres-
sures continued unabated and
interest rates remained high.

“It would be unrealistic for
anyone in the industry to
plan on a hope of an
economic recovery within the
current year.”"

He explained that the
measures ZCCM was imple-
menting were aimed at alle-
viating the problems being
faced with the aim of ensuring
the recovery of the copper
mining industry as well as

124

laying a foundation for its
long-term prosperity.

While acknowledging the
existence of these problems,
Mr Kaunda stressed that they
were not peculiar to Zambia.

They wete world-wide re-
percussions of inflation, high
interest rates and very high
oil prices were being felt by
mining industries all over the
world.

He noted’ that everywhere,
base metal companies were
fighting for survival and many
hard-hit companies,  parti-
cularly in North America, had
been forced to close Unécono-
mic mines throwing hundreds
of workers out of employment.

Mr Kaunda said this had not
happened in Zambia before,
but a point had been reached
when it had become impera-
tive to introduce far-reaching
‘measures to put the industry
back on its feet.

“Looking at the year ahead,
Isee very little prospect of any
significant upturn in_ the
price of copper. The solution to
‘our immediate problems must,
therefore, be sought and found
at home.”

He emphasised that the
corrective measures ZCCM
was taking were wide-ranging
and serious. .

“This will entail economies .
in every sector of the industry *
hoth at the operating divisions
and at head office.’”



UGANDA

SSEMOGERERE: GOVERNMENT CLEARLY RESPONSIBLE FOR VIOLENCE
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2897, 14 May 82 p 19

[Text] Kampala, May 12--Ugandan opposition leader Paul Ssemogerere today
made a strong attack on the Government's handling of security problems in
the country and accused the authorities of "genocide".

"T hold the Government responsible for what is happening", Mr. Ssemogerere
told a press conference at the opposition Democratic Party headquarters in
Kampala. "It is my duty to accurately point out what is happening in the
country regardless of the reactions of the Government".

He condemned violence from both the anti-Government guerrillas and the
Ugandan security forces, saying neither would create solutions to the coun-
try's current problems.

But he singled out the security forces for special criticism, saying it
appeared they had "a licence to loot and kill".

Mr. Ssemogerere said the Government had not taken the recommendations of the
opposition on the security problems seriously and he blamed the current prob-
lems around Kampala on what he called "general permissiveness" over the
security forces and "administrative failures".

He said the figure of 511 civilian casualties given last week by opposition
Members of Parliament for three constituencies in the Mpigi district border-
ing Kampala was lower than the actual figure.

The opposition claimed last week that these had been killed during Army
operations to search for guerrillas.

Mr. Ssemogerere said hundreds of people were languishing in jails after
arbitrary detention. Some people died while in Government custody, he
alleged. (A.F.P.)

CSO: 4700/1342

108



ZAIRE

PLAN TO PROVIDE EUROPE WITH ELECTRICITY DESCRIBED

Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2898, 18 May 82 p 9

[Text] Rome, May 15--A giant scheme to feed Europe with electricity from
Central Africa by the turn of the century came under the spotlight here this
week at a seminar of Italian and African experts.

The seminar was told that it would be technically possible within 15 years
to build a 35,000 megawatt hydro-electric power station on the Zaire (Congo)
River at Inga, in Zaire.

Under the scheme, two million-volt high-tension lines stretching about 7,000
kilometres (about 4,400 miles) would carry 250,000 million kilowatt/hours of
power a year from Inga to Europe.

This would, for instance, take care of Italy's annual power consumption, or
make redundant all of Europe's oil-fired thermal power stations.

One of the power lines would pass through the Central African Republic, Chad,
Niger and Saharan Algeria, and the other along the west coast of Africa to
the Straits of Gibraltar.

The study was carried out by the Italian electricity company Enel, which
estimates the project would cost 50,000 million dollars at today's prices.

The large-scale transport of energy already exists—-the 12,000 megawatt
Itaipu barrage that feeds Brazil and Paraguay, for example, or the 2,000
megawatt Cabora Bassa power station in Mozambique that feeds South Africa.

And a world energy conference at Detroit (Michigan) in 1974 estimated that
only a tenth of the world's hydro-electric potential was being used.

Experts claim the Zaire River Basin has the potential to produce 700,000
million kilowatt/hours a year--three times the capacity of the proposed
scheme.

Enel President Francesco Corbellini said the project deserved European finan-

cial support, although he warned that world tensions could delay any deci-
sions for several years.

7



ZAMBIA

GOVERNMENT WORKING OUT MEASURES TO MINIMIZE DROUGHT EFFECTS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 21 May 82 p 1

[Excerpt] The Government is working out urgent measures to minimise effects
of the drought on both people and livestock.

Ministry of Agriculture and Water Development permanent secretary Mr Namukolo
Mukulu said in Lusaka yesterday: "We are presently cooperating with provincial
councils to identify areas where dams and weirs as well as boreholes may be
sunk and existing boreholes deepened."

Once these sites had been identified and costings done, donors would be ap-
proached for funding so that major works were done before the dry season in
September and October, he said.

Measures were being taken to assess an early lifting of the ban on movement of
livestock to allow farmers to move their animals for slaughter before they died
of starvation.

Estimated

Mr Mukulu said this year's maize yield’ was low because of the drought. Out of
an estimated nine million bags the country was expecting to reap about 5.2
million bags of maize.

The effect of the drought was severe in the Southern Province especially in

areas like Kalomo, Livingstone and Gwembe and in the southern parts of Western
Province including Sesheke and Senanga.

cso: 4700/1334

122



JPRS 81089

21 June 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2643

ConTENTS

ANGOLA

Falklands Issue Seen Obliterating South African Aggression
(Editorial, Achille Lollo; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 5 May 82)....... 1

Production Seen Lagging in Benguela Agricultural Site
(David Eduardo; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 29 Apr 82)......cceeeeeeeee 4

Difficulties Listed
Aid to Private Farmers Urged

Luanda Harbor Congestion, Poor Economy, Causes and Solutions
(REPUBLIKEIN, 22 Apr 82)....... eee e eee eene bee e cece crew cceee 7

Briefs
Swiss Nurse Kidnapped 10

ETHIOPIA

Political Committee of Treaty Members Land Asmara Manifesto
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 11 May 82)..... bee eeceseceees seeeeeee AL

Officers Graduate in Professional Course
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 23 May 82) ..cceeeecececcece seeveceeee 15

Weekly Wrapup of Non-English Press
(Dereje Balcha; THE ETHIOPIA HERALD, 16 May 82)......... tee 16

"Serto Ader,’ 'PRAVDA' Yo Strengthen Relations
(THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 16 May 82).......cccccccccccccncnee 19

Reconstruction of Elaberet Agro-Industrial Unit
(JHE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 18 May 82).....cesecccccceccecceces 20

Spotlight on Akaki as Industrial Town
(Arefayne Hagos; THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD, 22 May 82)......... 22

-a- {III - NE & A - 120]



ZAMBIA

MULEMBA SAYS UNIP EXISTING ON HAND-TO-MOUTH BASIS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 May 82 p 1

[Excerpt] UNIP is existing on a hand-to-mouth basis, Party Secretary-General
Mulemba said in Lusaka yesterday.

“The Party's financial position as of today is far from being healthy" Mr
Mulemba told the first meeting of the national and the fund-raising committees
at Freedom House.

As a result, the Party had decided to make use of its constitutional obligation
of raising funds under Article 55C (F) of the UNIP Constitution.

He said the Party needed the funds for constructing its headquarters at the
Freedom Statue in Lusaka and for running its day-to-day affairs.

He blamed UNIP's shaky liquidity position on inadequate grants from the
Government.

Since 1977 the Party had been receiving a static grant of K2 million a year.

"This is in spite of the biting inflation which has engulfed the country, and
yet a static figure diminishes in terms of value over the years."

Other sources of income available to UNIP were equally insignificant and
limited.

This meant that all those who had always been involved in fund-raising for the
Party had to work extraordinarily hard.

There should be more receipts from Party card sales and annual subscriptions
and there should be better accountability for every ngwee collected.

Contributions
The Party hoped to receive more money from statutory contributions because

officials in the Civil Service and the Zimco group of companies had joined
the political leadership in making contributions from their salaries.

140



Parental Home

There are two inhibiting forces, specifically the influence of the parental
home and insufficient initiative on the part of enterprises, which make it
impossible to provide everyone in South Africa with a job in modern sectors.

Concerning the influence of the parental home, Professor Sadie said that it
includes economic well-being, the social values, the circle of friends and
acquaintances, which can be overcome only by taking all children away from
their parents and putting them into government institutions.

The social values of the social environment, the way of life and the achieve-
ment motive, or lack of it, also play a role.

8463
cso: 4701/67

101



government with limited
powers delegated to
provincial administrations,

These provincial govern-
ments would be delimited
on practical administrative
and economic grounds and
not along ethnic lines, Mr
Neef explained.

The CDA considered
this the best way to gain
the Owambo _ people’s
rightful place in the
national polity.

“Until now the Owambo
vote has been used without
the Owambo people getting
their rightful place,” Mr
Kalangula said.

cso: 4700/1346

“" He stressed the Owambo

people did’ not want to
dominate the rest of the
country’s people and for
that reason the CDA was
considering ways to delimit
the ‘proposed provincial
governments in a manner
that would allay the fears
on the non-Owambo peo-
ple of Namibia.

The CDA would par-
ticipate in an election for
the Owambo Adfhinistra-
tion but would not call for.
such an election to
demonstrate . its strength,
Mr Kalangula said.

61



MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

HUNGARIAN RELIEF DONATION--The people of the Hungarian People's Republic gave
drought victims in. the People's Republic.of Mozambique a sizeable quantity
of goods. According to a-note from. that socialist country's embassy in
‘Maputo sent. to our newspaper office,.the Hungarian. Red.Cross.will send the
contribution to.our country. ..Four .first-aid_and.recovery kits, tents,
blankets, medicines and vitamins:will be.provided.: The:donation will arrive
_in Maputo this month. . [Text] .[Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese.1.May 82 p 12]
9479

cso: 4742/310

47



SOUTH AFRICA

STRATEGIC ROLE OF SOUTH AFRICA RELATIVE TO SOUTH ATLANTIC
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 May 82 p 16
[Baitorial: "West Ponders Striking Power at Sea" |

[Text ] General Constand Viljoen, head of the armed forces, said in Pretoria
that the Falkland crisis has not only caused Britain but other Western powers
as well to pay attention to a reevaluation of maritime strategy.

General Viljoen considered the significance of this for the West as a whole
and explained why he believes that maritime strategy has been treated shabbily
lately by the Western great powers. Seen from a military point of view, there
is the feeling that the nuclear submarine has really eliminated conventional
warfare at sea. For economic reasons, the Western fleets were cut. But mean-
while, the Soviet Union has strengthened its fleet in all the big oceans.

For South Africa, which is located on the important sea route around the Cape,
a Western reevaluation is very significant. Since the termination of the
Simonstown agreement with Britain, South Africa alone has been responsible
for the defense of this route -- to the degree that it could do this with a
small fleet. -

South Africa has been pleading for many years that Western countries should
help with this task by providing it with the necessary ships and navy aircraft.
Boycotts and limitations on arms exports have prevented this up to now.

Fortunately there are signs, especially in the United States, that a weakening
of this arms prohibition may be possible. This trend is very closely related
to the reevaluation which General Viljoen talked about and with the expressed
policy of the United States of resisting the Soviet threat in South Africa.
Perhaps this will shortly produce greater seriousness. -

8463
cso: 4701/67

96



.have been prepared and that a plan
to put an additional land of 215 hee-
tares under different fruits in addition
to those to be accomplished within the
framework of the Red Star Multi.
faceted Revolutionary Campaign has
been envisaged.

It was noted that before the revolu-
tion the Agro-Industrial Unit used to
produce ‘fruits, wine, ganned tomato-
es, cheese, table butter and pasturized
milk for home market and for export.
The Unit was carrying out normal
activities following nationalization,
but owing to the problems ‘created
later by the secessionist bandits, thou-
sands of its employees were displaced.
The Unit resumed operation follow-
ing the normalization of life in the
area as a result of the sacrifice paid
by the Second Revolutionary Libera-
‘tion Army. .

Then the administration of the

Elaberet Agro-Idustrial Unit was en-
trusted to the vegetables and fruits
corporation. It began to carry ont its
work through budget provided by: the
Relief and Rehabilitation Commis
sion (RRC) on the basis of the Re-
volutionary Government’s concern for
its reconstruction and revitalization.
_ When the reconstruction program-
me was launched, the Agro-Industrial
Unit began operation with 350 work-
ers, Today it has 373 permanent work.
ers engaged in its agricultural deve-
lopment activities and in the Unit as
a whole. Future expansion program:
me envisages the employment of over
200 seasonal workers.

csO: 4700/1345

21

The Relief and Rehabilitation Com-
mission allotted over two million Birr
as part of the rehabilitation effort for
investment and operation for a four-
teen month period up to March 1972
E.C, In April of the same year, the
Unit was incorporated with the North-
ern Agricultural Development Cor-
poration in accordance with the struc-
ture of the Ministry of State Farm
Development.

Later, the Agro-Industrial Unit took
advantage of bank credit facilities
which helped it to enhance its produc-
tivity. It was pointed out that the
production of the Unit has. increased
by no less than 82 per cent during the
current Ethiopian year compared with
previous years.

Products of the Unit include oran-
ges, mandrins, lemons, grapes, coco-
nuts, mangoes and tomatoes. In the
1972-73 Ethiopian crop year, it was
reported that 13,137 quintals of raw
tomatoes have been produced from 52
hectares.

Comrade Ekube underlined the
contributions which the Unit makes
to peasants in the locality ‘particular
ly in spreading knowledge of techni-
cal and operational methods. Output
of peasants are reported to have in-
creased significantly because of the
influence of the Agro-Industrial Unit.

A number of measures including
the boring of water wells have been
envisaged to step up the work of the
Unit in accordance with the Red
Star Multi-faceted Revolutionary Cam-

paiga.


ongoing restructuring end reorganiza-
tien_of trade unions and the impact
this fas on workers to fulfil their
onstruction. tasks,

Arduous Struggle

The Oromo language weekly,
Barisa editorially commented on the
progress of the on-going nation-wide
Economic and Cultural Development
Campaign. The paper outlined the
objectives of the Campaign end. the
part ts be played by the broad’ work-
img masses to realize its lofty objec
tives, The Oromo language weekly
underlined, the sacrifices so far paid
and the struggle ahead for the attain-

ment of the ultimate objectives of the

revolution.

As regards the arduous struggle
ahead in the building of- socialism,
Barisa pointed out that-the struggle
is mainly related to the economic con-
struction process. In this connection,
the paper outlined the conditions of
the Ethiopian economy, mainly based

on the agricultural sector, and the’

efforts being exerted a¢ present to fare
ther strengthen this sector. Barisa
finally underlined the sacrifices ex-
pected on the part of all revolutiona-
‘ties, genuine and patriotic citizens to
facilitate the expansion and strength-

ening of pesasnts producers’ co-opera-

“The training of over one thousand
health personnel during the current
Ethiopian year was among the front
page news items carried by an issue
of the Amharic daily Addis Zemen.
The report revealed that the trained
health personnel range form nurses

‘down 4o kebele health representatives.

17

‘The report also made note of the im:
portance given to the expansion of
health services for the benefit of the
brosil working masses and the con-
eerted efforts being exerted’ with the
view to increasing the number and
quality of health personnel. .
The same issue of Addis. Zemen_
wrote in its editorial about the multi-
faceted purpose; of the recently laun-
ched seventh round literacy campaign,
with its main focus on the rural
peasant masses., Zemen underlined
that as the youth campaigners libe-
fate their compatriots from the shack-
les of illiteracy they also draw realistic
lessons from the life of the peasant
masses. Besides, along with the lite.
racy lessons, the rural masses are also
offered lessons that prepare them to
take en active part in the building of
ithe new Socialist Ethiopia.
~~» Source of Pride .
men further outlined the condi-
nm. of illiteracy in the country only
four years back and noted that the
victory achieved over the pest six
campaign progammes is not only satis-
factory but also a source of pride and
an indicative of the popular and de-
mocratic nature of the on-going re-
volution. Finally, Addis Zemen under-
lined the concerted efforts exerted by
the Revolutionary Government and
the Ethiopian broad masses to realize
the success of the campaign and also
the need for continuation of the ef-
forts to hasten the eradication of il-
literacy in the shortest possible time.
The decisive revolutionary stand of
the states of the Aden Treaty of Fri-
endship and Co-operation in the face



SOUTH AFRICA

BUSINESS LEADER CALLS FOR OPPORTUNITIES FOR BLACKS

Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 May 82 p 17

[Article: "Allow Blacks an Opportunity Within the System: Parsons" ]

[Text ] Bloemfontein -- The free market system in South Africa will be able
to continue to exist only if we widen its application to include and invdlve
all the national groups.

This is what Mr Raymond Parsons, chief executive officer of the Association
of Chambers of Commerce [assocom], said over the weekend at Bloemfontein, at
the Southern Public Affairs conference of the ASB [African Student Union],

Mr Parsons said that we should not forget that there was a time, many decades
ago, when the Afrikaners went hand in hand with socialism -- because they be-
lieved that they had not gotten their rightful share.

Proud

However, the Afrikaners quickly realized that the free market system, as it
was applied at the time, contained a good many advantages. They grabbed the
opportunities offered by the system. -

Today, they (the Afrikaners) can be proud and self-satisfied about what they
have accomplished in the economic area.

"We must grant the same thing to the blacks."

One of the most important areas in which equal opportunity for all national
groups could be created, is education. Today, 66 percent of expenditures for
education are spent on whites, who constitute 17 percent of the population.

Here is a case of traditional inequality which will have to be drastically
changed, said Mr Parsons.

Professor J.L. Sadie, from the University of Stellenbosch, said that opportu-
nities cannot be made equal for everyone in South Africa.

100



ETHIOPIA

BRIEFS

YOUTH ASSOCIATIONS IN FACTORIES--Asmara (ENA)--Twenty factories and six
higher education institutions here yesterday elected members of their
Executive and Control Committees and formed basic youth associations in
their areas. It is to be recalled that youth associations had been estab-
lished in the 107 kebeles of the nine Highers recently. Yesterday's elec-
tion process included the establishment of basic youth associations in
several factories and institutes of higher learning where there is a high
concentration of youth. The youth nominated and elected candidates for
their Executive and the Control Committees after being briefed by COPWE
representatives and exchanging views on the subject among themselves.
Briefing the participants, the election Executive Committee members dele-
gated by COPWE stressed the need of a youth organization that would help the
younger generation pool their manpower resources for the construction of the
national economy. The COPWE comrades urged the youth to continue their
struggle against the enemies of the revolution by being organized into asso-
ciations in their localities and factories. They called on the youth to
elect genuine candidates and to wage unflinching struggle to enable COPWE
achieve its mission. [Text] [Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English
18 May 82 p 8]

NEW ERITREAN PEASANT ASSOCIATIONS-~Asmara (ENA)--One hundred and eighty
three peasants’ associations have been newly established in seven provinces
of Eritrea Region since May 9, 1982. The Regional Peasants organ and Agri-
cultural Development Department said that in line with the Red Star Multi-
faceted Revolutionary Development Campaign, peasants have been newly
organized in the provinces of Hamassien, Akele-Guzai, Seria, Key Bahr,
Keren, Agordat and Gash Setit. Comrade Kassa Berhe, Deputy Head of the
Department, said kebele peasants' associations have been newly established
in the following order in the provinces of Serai (66), Hamassien (46), Akele
Guzai (30), Agordat (18), Keren (11), Key Bahr (9) and Gash Setit (3)
respectively during the period under review. Comrade Berhe pointed out that
kebele peasants' association office-bearers have meanwhile been elected
through the democratic process as have district representatives. [Text]
[Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 22 May 82 p 1]

COFFEE SEEDLINGS PLANTED--Dilla--Upwards of 139,000 disease-immune coffee

seedlings were planted in Gideo province of Sidamo region during the last
Ethiopian month alone. The provincial office of the Ministry of Coffee and

29



BOGOYA, PEANUTS, MILLET TO GO TO FOREIGN MARKETS

Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 8 Apr 82 p 1

[Article by Rebecca Katumba and Sam Serwanga]

[Text]

A TOTAL of 7m/- in foreign
exchange has been realised
out-of the bogoya, ground.
nuts and miliet exporis which
began two months: ago.
Addressing Parliament yes-
terday, the minister of com-
merce, Mr Aliro Omara, said
through the — efforts of his
ministry, bogoya is selling on
the international market. He
said the two months experi-
ment had revealed that the
commodity could fetch Uga-
hda more foreign exchange.
He also ‘announced ‘hat
the government was to
launch an export promotion
council, a nation: bureau of
standards and announce new
licence regulations, . , :
Mr Omara added that goon
an amendment to the Ex
port. Promotion Council Act
would be tabied to the
House. The existing act was
critically éxamined with the
help of “UNCTAD, aiming at
raising tae volume of exe.
ports. :
He reported that officers
from his ministry wéré cur-

cso: 4700/1340

rently on an external trade
course in Italy, sponsored
‘by that country.’ About the
National Bureau of Stand.
ards, he said an amendment
to the existing act was soo#
coming to Pardament. ‘After
thé act has. - been passed,
then the bureau will be laun-
ched.” =
Turning to the new licesc-
ing system, Mr Omara told
the house that ~ the licence
fee was to be raised soon,
He .announced the revival.
of hawkers’ licence ‘“‘but,
they will be confined within
specific areas of opération,

He slapped a ban on hold
ing two frcences—wholesalg
and retail licences. Mr Oma.
ta cautioned liquor licence
Owners against abusing it,
“otherswise it will be with-
drawn,”

The ‘minister reiterated
that the government was in
the process of bringing a
bill in Pardament conceming
the Asian. abandoned pro-
perty. He said though today
there were some people

110

UGANDA

claiming their ownership, it
was ilegal. “le is wrong to
‘evict tenants or hike rents
because these propenies
are stil] under the Custodian
| Board.” .

He told the House that
since the economic measu-
res, commercial activities
had improved. He said the
government —invoivement in
the distribution of goods had
virtually disappemed “and
is now left in the hands of
traders who have orgacised
themseives into the National
Ghamber of Commerce and
industry.” °

Wher asked about the tuXe
urious goods = jike whisky’
| which is én shops Mr Omara
toid'the House. that such
goods came :n she country
through personal finances.

He explained that some
traders had foreign excha-
nge and ‘they were only
awarded import  ‘icences
without Bank of Uganda
cover. ee

Uganda ‘is’ also known to
Possess cobalt, phosphates, tin’
and glass’: sand. . President
A‘ ’Milton’ —Obote, dur-
ing his recent commumnica-
jtion from: the ‘chair, said
omphasis ‘will -be given to
sectors, concerning the infra-
structure and the objectives



final decision. That’ is

how it has always been

and should continue to
e.

The churches too, espe-
cially the Christian
church, should modify
their public sentiments
over scientific socialism.
It would be very wrong
for them to overplay the
issue through emotional
outbursts as the crude
suggestion that people
should fast over the
issue.

If that were done, as it is
proposed to be done,
then the Christian chur-
ches in Zambia would
stand accused of playing
on. the philosophical
ignorance of their wor-
shippers. and making-
believe the crude asser-
tion'that-‘‘religion is the!
opium of the masses.”

The churches should not

- misuse the nation’s inhi-
bited religious freedom.
to cast unfair aspersions
upon the Party.

Religious fanaticism is
abhorrent. It has
brought untold human
suffering, torture, exe-
cutions and a dastardly
government in Iran. Is
that what the churches
in Zambia “want to
achieve through their
religious rantings against
scientific socialism?
God forbid.

The Party has not changed
its direction. Humanism’
is Zambia’s national ph:
losophy. All Party stra-
tegies are geared towards
that goal. Present Party
policies and actions give
expression totheultimate
desire to entrench Huma-
nism in Zambia.”

Humanism is like the top”

of the hill. It can be rea-
ched from many angles.
To reach it Zambia can

131

use*the slow, tortuous
paths meandering
around it until finally
she reaches the summit.

Or she can opt for direct
ways of getting: there.
Scientific socialism can
be one of those direct
ways. So why the present
chicken-and-egg argu-
ments about scientific
socialism?

Both | the unenlightened
Party cadres, who must
be forgiven for their
ignorance, and the en-
lightened church leaders
who must be condemned
for trying to fan the
winds of religious fana-
ticism over the issue, are
pandering to the ‘‘fear
of the unknown.”

Scientific socialism is a
basic idea which is gene-
rally accepted as being
correct in principle to-
wards Zambia’s final
attainment of Human-
ism,

New ideas towards that
goal are often subjected
both to criticism and
resistance to their imple-
mentation. But this does
not necessarily mean
that the ideas are rejec-.
ted.

It reflects an under-
standable human weak’
ness-to be shy of new.
and unknown things.
The nation is facing a

- manifestation of that
human quirk just now
over scientific socialism.
There is no deep-rooted
clash — there is just a
surface problem.

This is that the churches
do not understand, or
are deliberately trying
to. misconstrue to their
humble and readily-
believing worshippers,
the Party’s true inten-
tions.



He added that, as the ruling party, the DIA requires that there be no internal
meddling in the affairs of the people of Namibia, even if this comes from the
UN, the OAU and South Africa as well.

The meeting at Eenhana which was also addressed by Minister Tara Imbili is
the first of a series which will continue next week in which members of the
Ministerial Council will be addressing the people of Ovambo.

7964
cso: 4701/64

53



the Benoni branch meeting of the PFP, Mr Soal said once the national conven-
tion had reached consensus, the agreed formula could be forwarded to Parlia-
ment for enactment. "This is the peaceful formula for change and reform."
He also endorsed a call for the President's Council to meet the Buthelezi
Commission. [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 14]

cso: 4700/1331

107



FURTHER REPORTAGE ON REALIGNMENT OF PARTIES
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English No 11, 26 May 82 pp 7-8

[Article: "Nigeria: the Realignment Waltz"]

[Text ]

President Shagari’s offer of ‘pardon to Odumegwu
 Ojukwu has overshadowed the withdrawal by Alhaji
Waziri Ibrahim of his Great Nigeria Peoples Party
(GNPP) from the newly formed Progressive Parties
Alliance (PPA) .

If Ojukwu does judge the time right to return to
Nigeria, and we hear that he has sold his business in-
terests in the Ivory Coast and may shortly make a
reconnaissance visit to Lagos and the eastern states,
he could be a major catalyst in opposition politics.
Among the alternatives open to him if he does return
are 1) to join the ruling National Party of Nigeria
(NPN). If he does not want to take a backstage seat,
he would then be bound to compete with vic

* president Alex Ekwueme, whose influence in

Ojukwu’s home ground is overriding. 2) Attempt to
replace Nnamdi Azikiwe (‘‘Zik”’) as leader of the
Nigeria Peoples Party (NPP). Whatever the out-
come, it would likely split the NPP so much that Imo
or Anambra states would fall to the NPN in next
year’s elections. (We will examine Ojukwu’s options
more fully in the next issue).

The galvanising of possible realignments continues
in the wake of Waziri Ibrahim’s ‘‘defection’”’ from
PPA, of which he was a founder member. A
businessman, who in his own words regards politics

a “very serious hobby’’, he must have realised that
the GNPP was too seriously split to allow him to stay
in business as a politician without NPN help. As it is,
the rebellious Mahmud Waziri wing of the GNPP
had already decided to explore the possibility of a
merger with the NPP. The rump of the GNPP, which
Waziri Ibrahim was backing, supported its two state
governors in their desire to associate themselves with

71

NIGERIA



Horse backs and donkeys moving in
the town are familiar scenes. In addi-
tion, Akaki has about 200 Garis
(three people carrying horse carts).
Since the town serves as an entrance
gate to Addis Ababa from five re-
gions, the Town Council of Akaki
has a plan to reduce the traffic by re-
placing the Garis with vehicles, accor-
ding to the Chairman of the Town
Council, Comrade Moges Aklog.
Akaki has two Highers and 11 ke-
beles. All the kebeles have cooperative
shops and there are also seven as
sembly halls in the town. Besides,
there are two high schools, three ju-
nior secondary schools and six elemen-
tary schools. Four pharmacies, one

bank and four kindergartens are also
found in the town. The Akaki Town

Council, which is engaged in impres-
sive construction effort, has been buil-
ding shops, market-places, butcheries,
a garage, public toilets, parks, houses,
Kindergartens and the like. + :

The first factory at Akaki was
erected during the Italian occupation,
The Akaki Food Processing Factory
was then opened to prepare ration
for the eccupation troops, Akaki has
now become an industrial town with
a population of about $0 thousand
people, and ninety per cent of the
residents are workers. The Akaki
Town Council is closely studying the
problem of ale-houses and: will take
the necessary steps to solve them, ex-

CsO: 4700/1345

23

plained the Chairman, I saw tej-hou-
ses open and people drinking tej at
noon. In order to discourage alcoho-
lism, the Akaki Town Council is
constructing two parks. The parks in
the long run will have swimming
pools, showers and snack-bars, As
concerns literacy efforts, Comrade
Moges said there is a plan to wipe
out illiteraey from Akaki by the end
of the present Ethiopian year.

” The efforts being made to control
contrabandists need to be further in-
tensified, for I have witnessed the
free movement of such people in the
streets of th town with brand new
radio-cassets. It is encouraging to nete
that the Town Council is well aware
of the problem.

Akaki, as an industrial town with
@ growing population, should above
all have an effective sewerage system.
Some factories which claim their waste
to be non toxic, let their waste flow
into the Akaki River. The Akaki
Textile Factory, for instance, directs
‘its waste to this river by a channel
where sheep graze and even people cut
grass. The river, moreover, is used
by some villagers for domestic purpo-
ses. I think it is imperative to make
industrial establishments do iil in
their power to prevent the pollution
of the Akaki River.


dignity, purposefulness:and love for the national cause. The award being made
to him is more than a monetary reward. It is a proof of recognition of the
service rendered by Mr De Villiers.

In his word of thanks, Mr De Villiers paid tribute to his family, to the mem-
bers of the district council of the NP in Caledon, in which he himself served
for 36 years, and to DIE BURGER. .

Mr Oubaas van Brakel, chairman of the district council, acted as master of ce-
remonies. Mr Lampie Fick, member of parliament for Caledon, welcomed the prime

minister, while: Mr Japie Wiehahn, member of the provincial council of Caledon,
made the statement of appreciation.

8564
cso: 4701/68

89



ANGOLA

PRODUCTION SEEN LAGGING IN BENGUELA AGRICULTURAL SITE

Difficulties Listed
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Apr 82 p 4
[Article by David Eduardo]

[Excerpts] The first impression that the Cavaco Valley makes on those who
fly over it or reach it by land is that of a green countryside extending
for many square kilometers.

Located near the city of Benguela, the Cavaco Valley over the years has
achieved a prominent place in agriculture which means that greater
attention must be paid to solving the major problems of provisioning basic
food supplies.

Bananas are the major crop.in the fertile fields of that agricultural area.-

Widespread attention is focused on the Cavaco Valley, a complex of fertile
fields where water, the indispensable liquid for irrigating the fields,
springs out of the ground like mushrooms from the soil.

The storage facilities for this precious liquid are a major problem
discussed in the Cavaco Valley. In both the state and the private sector--
the two large groups which administer the valley--the shortage of water
storage facilities is a great obstacle preventing the Cavaco Valley from
being efficiently farmed.

The state sector has 1,428 hectares of arable land divided into five
agricultural production units--Chipiandalo, Angola-uba, Asseque, Cambajela
and Bimbas-—but because of the shortage of water storage facilities, only
598 hectares are farmed.

The private sector, made up primarily of the old "cavagueiros"--the name
given to the farmers of the Cavaco Valley--has 1,790 hectares of land.
This sector also wrestles with major water storage facility problems.



“the other ‘progressive’? opposition governors.
Recently, however, it has become increasingly likely
that the governor of Gongola State, Abubakar
Barde, will be challenged during next year’s elections
by an NPN candidate, probably the former army
chief of staff, Gen. Theophilus Yakubu Danjuma.
This is one state which the NPN might well win in
1983. The GNPP leader may also have been influenc-
ed by his recent meeting with Shagari to discuss the
creation of more states in Nigeria. .

For all practical purposes, therefore, the GNPP
looks like losing its identity. The two governors and
their supporters, including a number of prominent
politicians, might try to form a party of their own or
they might join the Progressive Peoples Party (PPP),
a body which overlaps the PPA, and which sought
registration recently. The interim national chairman
of the PPP is Dr. Basil Nnanna Ukegbu, who resign-

ed from the GNPP because it opposed a merger
between the four members of the PPA before 1983.
Another leading GNPP figure, Ara Noibi, Lagos
State chairman of the party, also resigned and is ex-
pected to join the PPP. But otherwise the PPP has
attracted little support, apart from generalised
statements of goodwill from a number of PPA
leaders. The UPN in particular has disassociated
itself from the new party — which still has to be ap-
proved by Fedeco. UPN politicians point out that the
PPA is only an alliance of separate parties which will
cooperate by putting up the most likely winner in
each constituency in the hope that votes will not be
split.

Some NPP leaders, particularly Governor Sam
Mbakwe of Imo State, have suggested that the PPP
has been formed to provide an electoral platform for
people like the PRP governor of Kano State,
Abubakar Rimi. The Peoples Revolutionary Party
(PRP) is also split, into the radical Imoudu faction,
to which Rimi belongs, and the original Aminu
Kano-led party. Last year Fedeco refused recognition
to the Imoudu faction, despite the fact that it had
more representatives in the various legislatures than
the Aminu Kano party. Mbakwe says somewhat
maliciously that Rimi is welcome to contest next
year’s election on an NPP platform, should the Im-
oudu faction fail to gain recognition. Leading PRP
figures — including the national publicity secretary
of the Imoudu faction — have denied any connection
with the formation of the PPP. Rimi has painted
himself into a cornet with’ his insistence on
ideological principles; as a result he could not con-
template a merger with less commiitted parties for the
sake of convenience, although an electoral alliance is
clearly acceptable.

72



SOUTH AFRICA

REACTIONS TO, COMMENTS ON PRESIDENTIAL COUNCLL'S PROPOSALS
Proposals Not Dictatorial
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 1

[Article: "Presidential Council Proposals Do Not Place SA on the Road to
Dictatorship" |

[Text] Recommendations made by the Presidential Council's Constitutional
Committee relative to a president with executive powers do not place South
Africa [SA] on the road to dictatorship. The necessary curbs and counter-
weights -- the largest of which will be parliament itself -- will be included
in a new constitution if the proposals are accepted by the government.

This was the reaction yesterday of Dr Denis Worrall, chairman of the Constitu-
tional Committee, to criticism from various sources to the effect that the
powers which the committee wants to give the president are too far-reaching.

Certain limitations will certainly be placed on the executive state president,
among which:

- That he will be dependent on parliament, as it is currently made up, but
also as it may possibly be reformed, for approval of laws and of the budget;

- That he will be dependent on parliament for policy approval -- and the com-
mittee anticipates that the policy function of parliament will actually be
widened;

- That the current practices relative to motions of no-confidence and censure
will be written into the constitution, and that it would be possible to force
the prime minister, cabinet or individual ministers to resign; and

- That the president could be placed in a state of accusation (impeachnent).

Basic Aspect

Dr Worrall said that the committee anticipates that parliament will be refomed _
and become much more complicated. A committee system will provide the neces- '
sary balance.

It is nonsense to say that what is being proposed is a dictatorial system.
Arbitrary powers are a basic aspect of a dictatorship -- and the president will
definitely not have these. The principle that the president can be impeached
will be written into the constitution.

78.



Problem of Squatters Has Reached 'AZarming Proportions!
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 25 May 82)....... .

FAO Representative Notes Food Waste in Eastern, Southern
Africa
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 25 May 82)..sceecerccccccccececrssceeeee

ZFE '‘Worried' by Workers' Demands for High Salaries
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 May 82)..seeccceccccccccecceerseseeee

Mulemba Says UNIP Existing on Hand-to-Mouth Basis
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 May 82)...cseseceecceeeceeeccceeccees

CIDA Constructing Maize, Fertilizer Storage Sheds
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 May 82)..+eeeeeeeeeeceees bee ceeee eee

Briefs
Tazara Reduces Agricultural Tariffs

135

136

138

140

142

143



POSTS IN VENDA--THOHOYANDOU (Venda)--Two Venda Deputy Ministers have been
appointed by the State President, Chief Patrick R Mphephu. In a Press state-
ment released in Thohoyandou yesterday, Chief Mphephu said Mr B R Nemulodi
had been appointed Deputy Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and Mr WR
Rabuma Deputy Minister of the Public Service Commission and Information and
Broadcasting. ‘The appointments came into effect from yesterday. [Text] [Jo-
hannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 13]

SECURITY ACT: PASTOR GUILTY--THOHOYANDOU (Venda)--An Evangelical Lutheran
Church minister was yesterday sentenced to two years' imprisonment, condition-
ally suspended, under the Internal Security Act. Another minister was found
not guilty after the two men had appeared in the Venda Supreme Court on char-
ges of murder and attempted murder and. on counts under the Terrorism and In-
ternal Security Acts. Pastor M P Posiwa was sentenced to two years' imprison-
ment, suspended for five years on condition that he did not take part in any
subversive activities designed to promote the aims of communism. He has
pleaded guilty. Pastor N P Phaswana was found not guilty and discharged. The
case arose from a grenade attack on the Sibasa Police Station in October last
year. Posiwa was found guilty of offering accommodation in April, 1981, to
people who later promoted terrorism. [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in Eng-
lish 2 Jun 82 p 9)

MORE DEPUTIES--CAPE TOWN--The Government will soon reintroduce an amendment
bill to the Constitution which provides for nine instead of the present six
Deputy Cabinet Ministers, and for the establishment of Walvisbay as a separ-
ate constituency of Parliament. The new bill is also likely to include pro-
visions that would affect the AMECS of the four provinces--a provision that
was not included in the original Amendment Bill. The adapted amendment will
probably bring the overall amendment more in line with the recommendations
of the President's Council, and especially in respect to the appointment of
MECS to eight regions. When the amendment bill was taken off the Parliamen-
tary Order Paper a week ago, it led to speculation that the Government had
backtracked from the recommendationof the President's Council. [Text] [Johan-
nesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 3]

NEW MAIL SERVICE TO US--A priority mail service to the United States will come
into operation today. It will link main post offices in South Africa and
everywhere in America on a contract or regular basis. Parcels sent on an ir-
regular basis will be able to use the service to only a limited number of Amer-
ican cities. The service, available in South Africa from General Post Offices
in Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, Pretoria, Bloemfontein, East London, Port
Elizabeth and Kimberley, will guarnatee delivery in the USA at approximate
predetermined times. It is intended for sending computer material, contracts,
tender documents, magnetic tapes and microfilm. A similar service already ex-
ists between South Africa and Britain, Hong Kong and Taiwan. [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 14]

NATIONAL CONVENTION--BENONI--The long-term solution for South Africa would be
a national convention where all the recognised leaders could debate the coun-
try's constitutional future, the vice-chairman of the Southern Transvaal region
of the Progressive Federal Party, Mr Peter Soal, said yesterday. Addressing

106



1964, they ignored its existence and avoided
any direct negotiations. They have often
voiced the opinion that Opec should be a
“forum” organisation and an advisory in-
formation agency. Today, they see an oppor-
tunity to break up Opec — the only successful
producers’ association non-western countries
have been able to create and sustain this
century.

The oil majors have thus deliberately
embarked upon a policy of massive de-stock-
ing. They hope that this policy will force the
smaller and weaker oil exporters - Nigeria,
Algeria, Iraq, Iran, Indonesia and Venezuela
- to abandon the Opec price structure and
submit to their pressure. Victory over Nigeria
is thus an important first step in the re-
establishment of imperialist relations of pro-
duction and exchange within the world oil
industry.

There are two levels at which the trans-
nationals’ attack can be contained. First, there
must be a commitment on the part of the Opec
membership to stand by their price structure
and to create an institutional framework —
preferably within the organisation — for the
automatic compensation of members with
severe balance of payments deficits by those
' with large capital account surpluses.

It is most important that a “compensatory”
mechanism of this sort be created within a
functional and non-political organisation such
as Opec and that relatively rigid rules are
applied to identify compensation needs and
the disbursement of funds. Despite the tech-

csO: 4700/1341

76

nical difficulties and economic strains, the
EEC’s common agriculture policy has been
functional since at least 1968. There is no
reason why an automatic compensatory facil-
ity cannot be established within Opec.

Secondly, there is a need to look closely at
the transnationals operating in the oil-export-
ing countries and to identify fully the form and
level of interaction between subsidiaries pro-
ducing different petroleum products and de-
tivatives. There is a need to study the integra-
tion of the world’s petrochemical industry with
industries which use its finished products as
major production inputs.

These investigations should enable us to
understand better the process of transfer
pricing and so obtain a clearer view of the
“international division of labour” which the
petroleum and petrochemical transnationals
want to create. Perhaps then, we will be able to
see why the oil majors have been so reluctant
to help Saudi Arabia and some other oil
producers in establishing an export oriented
petrochemical industry. Such a study could
also provide useful insights into the type of
task expansion which can make Opec an
effective bargainer and price setter in the
markets for a large range of petroleum and
petrochemical products.

Expanding Opec’s role, increasing its orga-
nisational autonomy and strengthening its
ability to implement its policies by exercising
arbitration powers among its membership
must constitute an important element in a
strategy to outflank the oil transnationals.



EGLIN HITS AT EXCLUSION OF BLACKS

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 16

[Text]

cso: 4700/1331

excluding a

the President's
Council made a new

constitution a

source of Instead of

a cure for conflict,
(Mr Colin Eglin, nat-

ional chairman of

the Progressive Fed-
eral Party, sald yes-
terday.

Addressing a Repub-
lic Day seminar of the
PFP Youth Movement,
Mr Eglin said this was a:
major and glaring de-
fect in the council’s pro-
posals.

While the Buthelezi
Commission juded
all groups in the gov-
ernment structure, the
President’s Council in-
cluded only White,-
Coloured and Indian
people.

Mr Eglin said three
vital steps were needed
along the road to a
democratic Republic.

@ Recognition “that
we are all South Afri-
cans entitied to a direct
say in the election of

@ Acceptance of the
urgent need to replace
the present group domi-
nated system of govern-
ment with a shared and
democratic. one . in

102

which all groups would
have an effective say,
but in which no group
would dominate or op-
press another. ’

@ The start of the pro-
cess'of negotiations be-
tween the recogni:
leaders of all groups in.
the country so that the
new constitution would
be the product: of that
negotiation and could
have the support and
respect of the people of
South Africa. as a
whole.

“Mr Eglin said had
Blacks been members
of the ~ President's
Council and had they
been allowed to contrib-
ute to the negotiations,
the council could not
possibly have come to
the conclusions, the
council could not poss-
ibly have come to the
conclusion that’ the as-
pirations of Black
South Africans were in-
compatibie with those

their White,

Coloured and Indian
fellow citizens. .

It was important to
move with speed along
the road to a democrat-
ic Republic, he said.

“This was necessary
because the alternative
was not the retention

of the status quo, but’

increasing conflict and
violence.

SOUTH AFRICA



Because this is a time consuming style, “they should not have any parliamentary
duties. They will have to be able to tise above sectional interests and their
first loyalty will be to the president, to whom they owe their positions.

Legislative Branch (House of Assembly)
Right now, only whites serve in the House of Assembly.

The Presidential Council's Constitutional Committee has not yet made complete
recommendations about the legislative branch. However, it has held out the
prospect of a legislative branch in which coloreds and Indians will also be re-
presented. Hence, it is possible that, in the future, coloreds and Indians
will serve in the legislative branch on the basis of groups. Extensive recom-
mendations concerriing the right to vote procedure for members of the legisla-
tive branch and the size of the representation for each group, are yet to be
worked out by the committee.

Second Level - (Provincial Government)

Currently, the four provincial councils and executive committees are made up
of whites only.

The Presidential Council committees have proposed two alternatives relative

to the councils. If one of them is adopted, then the councils as elected bo-
dies will disappear and be replaced by appointed executive committees -- on
which coloreds will also serve -- with an appointed administrator at the head
of each. These appointed executive committees and administrators will be part
of the central administrative level. ‘In pursuance of the second proposal,

the provincial councils will continue to exist as elected second level admin =
istrations, but coloreds and Indians will also have a seit on them as well as!
on the executive committees. The administrators will always be appointed.

Local Administration (Municipalities)

Only whites have full rights currently in local administrations, with advisory
administrative committees for coloreds and Indians.

Adoption of the Presidential Council proposals could lead to representation
in white administrations for coloreds and Indians who cannot develop their own
viable municipalities. As a temporary measure, chairmen of administrative
committees or their nominees will as soon as possible and with full rights, be
given seats on white councils. If, in the long term, coloreds and Indians
cannot establish their own municipalities, they will be given seats on white
councils directly and on the basis of wards.

87 -



STATE FINANCES IN REASONABLE SHAPE, CLAIMS MUDGE

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 28 May 82 p 4

[Text]

ON BALANCE, the
state of- the public sec-
tor’s finances are not too
bad, according to
Chairman of _ the
Ministers’ Council, Mr
Dirk Mudge.

In his Budget speech itt
the -National Assembly
earlier this. week, . he
pointed out that negative
rates of growth in the
various economic sectors.
bar fishing over the past ‘12
months, with the resulting
increase in the SWA
Government’s dependence
on outside loans, the Ter-
ritory’s debt load was not
as heavy as made out by
some people.
: ereas, Namibia’s
GDP showed a real growth
rate of 1,8 percent last. year
compared with a one per-.
cent decline in 1980, last
year’s positive _perfor-
mance was due mainly to
the major contribution to
the GDP by the public sec-
tor spending, which rose;
by 42,1 percent last year.

If this contribution is ex-'
cluded, Mr Mudge pointed
out, the country’s GDP.
would have registered a
three percent drop. .

The agricultural and
mining sectors registered
teal declines of 11,3 and
12,4 percent last year, with

Mr Harry Oppenheimer
quoted by Mr Mudge as
describing the past year as
the worst he had ex-
perienced since he entered
business 50 years ago.
The fishing — sector
showed a remarkable 52,9

-percent growth in’ 1981 —
“the first in years. However,

in’ absolute terms this is
still far below the peak per-
formances of this sector 10
years ago, before the col-
lapse of the pelagic in-
dustry. ‘

The present growth is
centred mainly in the white
fish branch.

INCREASE

Also surprising in Mr
Mudge’s speech was the
disclosure that —_ after
declines of 6,1 and 1,4 per-
cent in 1979 and 1980, the
manufacturing _industry
showed an increase of 2,5
percent last year.

Construction and com-
mercial ‘activities showed
growths of 15,3 and 10,1
percent: in 1981, while the
transport and communica-
tions sectors stood still.

Mr Mudge went on to
point out that last year’s
inflation rate for Namibia
of 14,8 percent was fol-
lowed by 14,9 for the first
quarter of this year which
included a 27 percent in-
crease in the price of foot-
stuffs. -

55

On the SA fiscal and
foreign exchange connec-:
tion Mr Mudge said: “In
terms of the present tran-
-sitional arrangement with
SA_ regarding customs
and excise and SWA’s de
facto participation in the
arrangements of the Rand
monetary area, the
Government (of SWA) has
very limited fiscal _and
monetary discretion. With
regard to those sources of
revenue where fiscal discre-
tion does exist (personal
and general sales tax) the
close economic ties with
SA and the accom-
panying mobility of factors
of production make it next
to impossible to levy higher
tax rates or levies than SA.
The same applies to
government expenditure
especially the payment of
salaries in the public sec-
tor. It is clear that the
results of achieved by the
budget and other economic
measures are to a large ex-
tent ined
measures initiated in SA.
One also has to take
cognisance of the fact that
measures that need to be
implemented in SA might
not be’ in the best interest
of SWA.”

The need to borrow
R50Om more than originally
estimated was mainly the
result of the sharp drop in

NAMIBIA

diamond revenue to the
State, said Mr. Mudge.
Revenue before loans es-
timated for the 1982/3
year amounts to R660 m,
of which R460 m is the

Territory's _ own, and
balance of R200 m a SA
grant:

Own revenue this year is
R56m (10,5 percent) less’
than last year.

Besides the collapse in
diamond revenue, revenue.

| from companies outside
mining is expected to
decrease by R4 m from
R24 m last year.
year.

SURVEY

Mr Mudge also an-
nounced that following a
request by the SA Govern-
ment, the Territory's
Bureau for Development

“Coordination and Statistics

is to initiate a survey aimed
at collecting more specific
figures on SWA’s imports
so that future calculations
of Namibia’s share from
the customs and excise
pool can be placed on a
more scientific basis.

After announcing , the
five percent company tax,
and 10 percent personal in-
come tax levies imposed as
from June and March
respectively this year as”
part ‘of the measures to
diminish the Budget short-
fall, Mr Mudge provided



It really seems that the NDC will have to stretch its legs in order to keep
up with the developments in the South-West. In the process the NDC keeps

on stumbling. This is clearly attested in its address in Washington in which
its leader said: “Although our adversaries. have all the advantages arid have
a headstart in the race for political power in Namibia, we are certain the
victory is on our side."

A political organization like the DTA did not gain its advantage, and kept it
for the past 5 years, by going abroad to gossip. It gained it by bringing
about changes in the country for the benefit of all the nation.

Well then, how can it be that an organization, which according to Mr Kerina,
is committing repressing racism, has been able to build up this real
advantage over an organization such as the NDC--something which Mr Kerina
himsélf admits? And moreover, how can it be that the “oppressed masses"
overwhelmingly chose the DTA above any other front or party in 1978? It has
been said all too often in the past and it must be said again to people like
Kerina: Peace, freedom and success, such as the DTA has lived up to and
propagated in the South-West during its existence, have a very important
connection with the one thing that forms a permanent bulwark against the
Russian supported forces--namely: mutual trust.. The time when black and
white could not get together has already long been past.

Mr Kerina is so out of touch with these things that he is likely to say that
the so-called bantustans have now been converted to "provinces" in order to
trick the black man. A voice over one's own affairs is exactly a thing

begun by this government which was created for the eleven different national
groups in the South-West. From there a voice at a national level is exercised
by the central government where the entire population once again exercises

a voice through representation.

In the past this voice was the greatest thing desired by the black man in the
South-West. Mr Kerina's criticism,.on the other hand, can only point to one
motive and that is...to work for his own advantage and not for the advantage
of his own people. This can also indicate that he would have less antagonism
if, on the other hand, he were to become a part of our process.

But he is not a part of it and is making no conttibutions so that he could

become a part of it...no, not with those little offices full of followers...
which he does not have here in the South-West!

7964
cso: 4701/64

51



the civilian population in the occupi-
ed Arab territories as an act which is
meant to pave the way for further
annexation of the West Bank and the
Gaza Strip as the condemned annexa-
tion of the Golan Heights.

The Committee considers such Is-
raeli aggression as a manifestation of
the feverish acts of imperialism, zion-
ism ‘and the Camp David parties
which, through the imposition of the
so-called; self-administration sims at
undermining the Palestinian cause,
It further emphasised that the practi-

cal withdrawal of Israel from thé |

Sinai‘ ond its replacement by the oc-
cupation forces of NATO and. the
transformation of the Sinai as a
launching pad for the’ rapid deploy-
ment forces is meant to step up their
aggression upon the peoples and states
of the region. : en
‘The’ Committee also. noted wit
grave concern the sinister reassign
ment of political and military roles
within the framework of the Camp
David agreement and in particular
the linking of Egypt to the wheels of
imperialism and zionism as heing de-
signed to enable it play the role of a
broker for imperialist and zionist am-
bitions of imposing the so-called. self-
administration and appending other
Arab parties to the capitulatory settle-
ment process.

With regard to Africa, the Com-
mittee noted with satisfaction ‘the pro-
tracted struggle being waged by Afri-
can countries for full political and
economic independence and cogniz-
ant of the inextinguishable aspira-
tions of the African masses for libera-
tion from the shackles of colonialism,

neo-colonialism, racism and imperial-

ism. ‘The Committee noted with: deep
concern the sinister plot being hatch.

ed by imperialist quarters to go

against this inexorable course of his-

tory. It further noted that the colla-
poration between the zionist entity
and the racist Pretoria regime, under
the overall co-ordination of interna-
ticntal imperialism, is being streng-
thened. with the. view to perpetuating
its inherent policies of ransacking the
natural resourees of the continent.

In the light of recent developments
in the region the Committee,

— Declaring its support for the ef-
forts exerted by the People’s De-
mocratic’ Republic of Yemen for
the realization of Yemeni unity,
it strongly condemns the recent
criminal conspiracies which werd
aimed at the destruction of eco-
nomic and oil installations and
in the killing of innocent citi-
zens in a barbaric manner.

— Reaffirming its, full solidarity
with the just struggle of the Sc-
cialist People’s Libyan Arab

~—----Jamahiriya’ against zionism and
reactionary forces, it vehemently
condemns the provocative milit-
ary manoeuvres of US imperial-
ism and its reactionary. allies
along it? borders, the imposition
‘of economic blockade and all at-
tempts of interference im its in-
ternal affairs,

— Having noted the blatant inter.
ference by imperialist and re-
‘actionary forces in the region and
in the internal affairs of sover
eign states, the Committee ex-
pressed its full support for So-
cialist Ethiopia’s effort to safe-
guard its independence, -unity
and territorial integrity. It fur-
ther expressed its full support
for the purposes and objectives
of the Asmara Manifesto which



the measures taken by the government against the Libyan embassy. Razack
Peeroo, who protested the action taken at that time, was told by the
deputy leader of the LP, Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, that if he did not like
it he could always walk out.

Peeroo Resignation
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 22 Apr 82 pp 1, 4

{Text] The minister of labor and industrial relations and head of the
Moslem Action Committee (CAM) has decided to resign from the government.
This decision, coming 2 months before tne end of the incumbent government's
term, will be transmitted personally to Prime Minister Sir Seewoogsagur
Ramgoolam today by Peeroo himself. Peeroo's decision was motivated by

the fact that the Labor Party [LP] is allocating only four places on the
slate to the CAM for the 11 June elections instead of the seven requested.
The minister also annoucned that his decision was irrevocable.

In another matter, the CAM executive committee confimred the break with
the LP-GF [Francois Group]-RPL [expansion unknown] alliance (yesterday's
LE MAURICIEN) because of the disagreement on the number of places on the
slate requested by the CAM. However, the CAM is ready to reconsider its
position in the event its demands are met by the LP.

While awaiting possible developments, the CAM will assemble its executive
committee next Sunday to act on the following matters: CAM participation

in the upcoming general elections and the presentation of a CAM slate at

the elections or a slate in alliance with another partys The CAM

executive committee stressed that any election alliance with the parties
making up the anti-MMM [Mauritian Militant Movement]-PSM [Mauritian Socialist
Party] is ruled out.

At the meeting of the CAM executive committee, it was informed of the
results of the negotiations that hdd taken place the day before with the
LP and also of Peeroo's decision to resign from the government. As for
negotiations with the LP, Peeroo said: "We brought out the fact that since
Mauritius is a multiracial country it was necessary to have ethnic
representation in parliament and that all parties should be vigilant to
ensure ethnic balance." He feels that the LP's refusal to give the CAM
seven places on the slate is a violation of the rights of. an’ important
Mauritian community. "We withdrew from the alliance; however, if the LP
wishes to review its positions, " said Peeroo, who was surrounded by the
members of his executive committee, "it is free to do so. As far as we
are concerned, however, we emphasize that under current conditions there is
no question of our remaining in the alliance."

In other comments on the subject of the distribution of places on the
slate, the CAM found "inconceivable" and "unrealistic" the fact that the
Labor Patty had accepted two candidates from the Francois Group, Paul
Chong Leung and Kamil Ramoly, to offer to the electorate of the second
district of Port Louis, although these two candidates for election in

42


MOZAMBIQUE

HOLIDAY GOODS SHORTAGE COINCIDENCE..QUESTIONED
Maputo NOTICIAS in Portuguese-1 May. 82 p 12
{Commentary.by Abel Faife: "Coincidence"]

[Excerpt]. For.some time.now it.has been.an unfortunate tradition that a
shortage of goods occurs during holidays: in our city.. It is almost .unbe-
lievable but .this is the truth. With an irony and satirical spirit which
only the.popular.mind.can. create, some people have already commented: "There
is a shortage of -goods because the holidays are approaching."

The champion, the national record holder in this matter of serious shortages
of products before holidays is Sogere.

For .at.least 4:years “here when 25 June,.the end of the year or any other
holiday. nears, .unusual situations occur with great restrictions on the pro-
visioning of beverages--beer and. cold drinks. Either the machines break
down, there is the annual.closing for maintenance or there is a shortage of
‘water, acid.or something! No policing intention motivates me .but I repeat
that it is. curious that these situations happen.just before holidays.

Today we celebrate 1 May. Yet people have nothing to drinkin the taverns,
bars and restaurants. No beer.or.cold drinks were distributed.

The closing of the former 2M paralyzed things for-a*week. The former
Laurentina has’ a* container shortage’ because breakdowns’ have shut .the.respec-
tive plant for a month.

I believed--at least it was so.in other.years~-when: the holidays passed, the
situation would return’ to normal in a week. Beer and cold: drinks--whose
production increased greatly this year, reaching record levels--would flood
the market.

‘This matter raises questions:. could. it.be that the machinery at.the former
2M just waited for the approach of:1.May to break down?. As for. the container
plant, even taking into consideration our technological.deficiencies as an
underdeveloped nation, our.slipshod. industry, .was it not possible .to repair
the breakdown in 1 month?

Technically, I detect nothing in these matters. Yet overall, it seems to me
that there are too many suspicious coincidences since they. almost always o
occur before holidays.

46
9479
cso: 4742/310



NIGERIA

SHAGARI COULD SUFFER FATE OF MOSSADEQ, ALLENDE

London ARABIA in English No 9, May 82 p 72

[Article by Javed Ansari in the colum "Economics Opinion":

the Oil Majors"]

[Text]
#m Remember Mosadegh? _ Remember
Allende? Nigeria’s_  Al-Haj = Shehu

Shagari may soon share their fate. The oil
Majors have fired the first shots in their battle
against his regime.

The case of Mosadegh is particularly instruc-
tive. The Iranian government’s decision to
nationalise the oil industry in 1951 was coun-
tered by oligopolistic collusion among the oil
majors. These firms dominated the market for
oil and for petroleum products. They saw to it
that Iranian oil would not be purchased. Oil
revenues would plummet. Mosadegh’s refusal
to accept US tutelage in return for a lifting of
the transnationals’ embargo ensured his reg-
ime’s collapse. The Shah returned and the
Iranian government accepted the formation of
a consortium to lift, refine and distribute oil.

Throughout the next 20 years, this consor-
tium effectively dominated the country’s oil
industry. In 1973, the Iranian National Oil
Company took 100 per cent control of the
industry, but its dependence on the majors as a
source of information and technology and as
an outlet for international sales did not dimin-
ish significantly until the overthrow of the

hah.

Today, the oil majors have mounted an
offensive against Nigeria. Its oil exports have
been drastically reduced over the last month.
Output has dropped from 1.2m bpd to around
830,000 barrels. Oil revenues have declined by
as much as 30 per cent during the last six
months. The oil majors have mounted a well
planned and finely orchestrated campaign to
force Nigeria to abandon its commitment to

75

“Outflanking

the Opec price structure agreed at the March |

- meeting in Vienna.

Why Nigeria? Unlike the Iran of the early
1950s, Nigeria has a “moderate” government
basically in tune with the West African
strategies of the USA and the EEC. Some
people argue that these governments can be
persuaded to lay a restraining hand on the
transnationals, which are after all dispensable
instruments in the foreign policy armoury of
the “home” countries. A destablising of West
Africa’s leading moderate regime may have
unsavoury political implications for the west-
ern powers.

However, these powers are unlikely to
restrain their transnationals this time. The
transnationals have chosen Nigeria as their
first victim in the current oil price war, but
clearly they are interested in much bigger
game. The real target is Opec itself.

Even since its formation, Opec has played
an important part in improving the bargaining
position of the producer countries in the world
petroleum markets. Its carefully prepared
studies and negotiations have facilitated a
steady consolidation of the position of the
producer countries within the oil industry. It
has been a zealous guardian of the interests of
these countries and has been instrumental in
achieving ordered structural change in an
industry which had been an imperialist enclave
since the beginning of this century.

The transnationals have been seeking to
destroy Opec ever since its inception. Until



He said increased production, the development of commercialised farming and
higher standards of living sought by everyone necessitated the improvements of
farm structures.

Even the rural people needed to improve their own housing immediate
surroundings.

“Construction of better housing, better farms and better villages will not only
create employment, but will considerably improve the quality of life in the
rural areas.

"For poor farmers this type of development could mean a transition from a mis-
erable existence to a brighter future."

Mr Mumba told the participants drawn from Lesotho, Kenya, Swaziland, Tanzania
and Malawi that there was at the moment little knowledge on rural construction
in the region.

Designs and methods used for industrial and official buildings were unsuitable
and far too expensive.

In planning for rural structures, the construction should involve local mater-
ials which were within easy reach.

In observing that some development work by many multi and bilateral projects
had been undertaken on crop storage, Mr Mumba however said most of these pro-
jects had concentrated on the entomological and chemical aspects.

He said it was against this background that FAO and SIDA jointly agreed to
start a regional project involving the six countries attending the meeting.

Mr Mumba outlined the objectives of the FAO/SIDA joint project as follows:-
--To assist governments in developing farm buildings.
--To develop plans and designs for all types of buildings required on farms.

--To erect demonstration structures at agricultural colleges and settlement
schemes.

This project had been going on in Zambia for a year and that the exercise
would run for two years.

Since not all of the goals set had been realised within the specified period
the Zambian Government would appreciate the extension in time for the realisa-
tion of the project.

cso: 4700/1334

137 ; .


CONTROVERSY OVER INTRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIALISM IN SCHOOLS

Christians Holding Prayers, Fasting

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 May 82 p 1

[Text]

CHRISTIANS all over Zam=
bia will, on Saturday. hold
prayers: to. reflect. on the

proposed introduction of |
socialism in *

scientific
schools, 228 sot >

A’ spokesman: for the :

Catholic Bishops of Zambia
and the Christian Council of

Zambia said in a statement in |

Lusaka yesterday that all
Christians have been called
“to prayer and fasting this
Saturday May 29.’”

“You are asked to pray
that God will give His church
the light on this matter that
the church will remain f
ful to its mission.

“The Zambian Govern-
ment should continue to be

guided by Humanism and
that the introduction of
scientific socialism be
abandoned,’’ the statement
says.

The spokesman said the
prayers should be accom-
panied by fasting as Chris-
tians ask God to hear their
prayers. :

The issue of ‘scientific
socialism examined a Chris-
tians’ mind on ~ values,
because it fought against

Christianity.
In Ndola, an __inter-
denomination _ ecumenical

service will be held in the
Catholic Cathedral of Christ
the King, in Broadway
Avenue.

“No Deep-Rooted Clash"

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 May 82 p 1

[Editorial]

[Text]

THE nation should not
tear itself asunder over
scientific socialism. Con-
versant Party members
in particular should
heed. the advice from
Party Secretary-General
Mulemba and _ refrain
from public acrimonious
debates over it.

But they should certainly

be allowed to debate the

130

issue in their forums as.’

they do with any other
subject, of course, bear-
ing in mind that there
are ‘far more pressing
issues’? which demand

. their attention than
scientific socialism.

By and: by the contentious
issues will be thrashed
out and the-Party~as a
whole will arrive at a

ZAMBIA



To make ships earn laydays costs, which must be paid by the harbors because
of delays, some of the shipowners have engaged in the practice of sending
as many ships as possible, during periods in which there is not a great deal
of demand for the ships, and to put them into port along the long lines of
waiting ships in Luanda.

The cargoes were generally small and could have fit in smaller or fewer boats.

During the years of the port's congestion Angola was forced to pay an average
of 6,315 rand per day per ship in layday money to the ships which were
chartered for a certain period of time.

On top of that the European conference put a levy of 40 percent for congestion.

Last year alone Angola had to pay 105 million rand to foreign shipowners
because their ships had to wait too long in the harbor of Luanda.

The Angolan government could not allow to have its foreign currency be
depleted at that rate, especially after that country's oil exports decreased
enormously last year.

It was then that Angola placed great restrictions in its imports. In
September of last year the value of imported goods on order was 562 million
rand.

The most recent cuts have not affected oil and diamond industries or military
equipment, but there are reports that food shortages are now worse than ever.

One of the big reasons for the congestion in the harbor of Luanda is that
originally it was built for the export trade, but never for the enormous
imports of the past years, and consequently the necessary storage buildings
for loading and unloading the goods are not there.

Before independence Angola was actually self-sufficient as far as food was
concerned,but now the country must import just about everything that the
people eat.

The country's internal transportation system has also collapsed partially
due to the insecurity on the roads and partially because so much money is
being spent on weapons that the country does not have any left to purchase
spare parts needed for repairing thousands of freight trucks which have
broken down.

The result of this is that imports in storage buildings are piling up,
because there is no transportation to take the goods away.

Immediately after independence the harbor of Luanda was placed under the
control of the East Germans and there was much blaring of trumpets over
this, but last year the Angolans were disappointed.



Or the Party does not
understand the churches’
apprehension. But now
would the Christian
churches react if the
Party decided to intro-
duce Islam, Hinduism
or Buddhism as reli-
gious. subjects’ in

© seHools?__

Mulemba:

"Should Be Left to President'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 24 May 82 p 1

[Excerpt]

cso:

4700/1334

ZAMBIANS  should~ leave the subject of scientifi ic,
socialism to the President instead of confusing |
themselves with it at the expense of more pressing

matters, Party Secretary-General Mulemba said.

Speaking .at Kitwe’s Buchni
hall where” he addressed
Party | leaders from ‘all
sections, Mr Mulemba said:
he had deliberately avoided,
the subject at this stage
because he felt those who.

; made an issue out of it were’
idle individuals who wanted"
to confuse the people.

Wher time was suitable.
Zambians would be told
whatever there was to telf
them about the subject.

He urged Party leaders on the:
Copperbelt to devote their
energies to more. urgent
matters ‘than trying to
explain scientific socialism,

The  Secretary-General was
replying to  Copperbelt
member of the Central

Committee Mr Alex Shapi’s
warning earlier on that
there would be’ chaos ‘on
the Copperbelt if certain
sections spreading rumours:

132

i
on the” subject ‘were not?
checked.

Mr Shapi said he was. dis-
sturbed by rumours which
had ‘caused fear among
people on the subject of
scientific — socialism. .and
asked for a clear policy on
the issue.

Mr Shapi said the prevailing
‘peace and unity .in the
province’ were - being.
threatened by ‘uncertainty.

+ created by certain sections’

&. of sosiety. giving disturbingt
interpretations to. certain‘
ideals announced in Lusaka.
including scientific social-
ism. :

J As Member of the Central
Committec for this province,
1 will not allow these’
dangerous rumours to
destroy the peace and unity
on the Copperbelt because
once peace is undermined. ‘
what will remain is.chaos..



organization and its leader "professor" Mburumba Kerina, and the propaganda
talks they carry on abroad, for what they are.

Earlier this month this Mr Kerina delivered a speech before the "New World
Forum" in Washington. It is clear that through this’most recent effort

Kerina is attempting to sell his own faint-hearted Namibia Democratic Coalition
to the world at a price which he himself will set. He is doing this under

the cloak of an analysis of the South-West problem.

A wooing of the West's Contact Group, discrediting the DIA, promoting the
NDC as the "new Messiah" and a large measure of ignorance ran like a golden
thread through the "analysis" of a man who soon found that the atmosphere
was too hot for him in the South-West.

How shortsighted Kerina actually is became clearly apparent from the
statement he made that "the DIA is oppressive and racist in its composition
as well as in its economic program for the country."

He also went on to say that the DTA's suppression is aimed at its perpetuation,
but that it will lead to its fall. The DTA is apparently also propagating

the suppression of the black man, the bantustans and the likes of these on

the one side of the apartheid wall, while on the other side it has made
cosmetic changes to deceive the black man. At the same time he then got
around to the "unique solution" of his organization by saying that the NDC

is pressing for independence, a non-racist democracy, equality, political

and economic powersharing.

Can you imagine?

One could easily make the mistake of assuming that this speech was delivered
at the UN in 1970. Our friend Kerina is clearly uninformed: on the changes
which the DTA has made since then, underestimated the knowledge of his
listeners abroad or, to put it mildly, is willfully shortsighted.

All these wonderful things that he would like to see for the people of the
South-West have been realized through the DTA so long ago that they are
no longer something to be talked about.

He went on to say that his organization wants to bring about freedom of
speech, of the press, of religion and equality before justice.

On whose back is he riding? It is about time he gets to-know the facts if
he does not want to end up in the dame trail abroad as he did here in the past.

So far in its course the DTA has broken the bulwark of apartheid and debasing
legislations and it has eliminated it. It has even established the highest.
measure of freedom, namely, the right of each inhabitant to have a voice in
the country's government. It is the very accomplishment of these things which
the proverbial yardstick of self-justification of armed struggle has plucked
from under the feet of. an organization such as SWAPO. From that point on,
and already for quite a while, the path which has been followed is one of
collaboration and negotiations.

50


NIGERIA

Further Reportage on Realignment of Parties

(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 26 May 82)...cccccecceccccccccccvces

President, Politicians To Cut Salary by One-Eighth

(AFRICA AFP, 14 May 82).....eeeeeeeeees

Shagari Could Suffer Fate of Mossadeq, Allende

(Javed Ansari; ARABIA, May 82)......cccccccceccvccccecccnce

Briefs
Press Censorship Said Needed
Legislators: Recognize Israel
Bulgaria Aids Bauchi State

SOUTH AFRICA

Reactions To, Comments on Presidential Council's Proposals

(DIE BURGER, 15 May 82)........ seeeeees

Proposals Not Dictatorial

Possible Dictatorial Powers Checked
Golden Opportunity for Afrikaners
Provincial Council Plans Studied
Challenge to Other Leaders

Only One No

Overwhelming Positive Response, by Jacques van Wyk

Proposals Not Cabinet Policy
Old and New System
Botha Calls for Calm

Gadd Rapped for Remarks About Coup

(Keith Abendroth; THE CITIZEN, 2 Jum 82)....esececceeeeeeee

Terrorist Wins Appeal, Has Sentence Sliced
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Jun 82).....eeeeeesevee

Commentary on Nomination of University Chancellor

(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 2 Jun 82).....

Buthelezi Commission Findings Praised
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Jun... 82)... eee eee eeeee

HNP Leader Denounces Power-Sharing
(THE CITIZEN, 1 Jun 82)......... tances

Trial of Alleged ANC Terrorists Postponed
(THE CITIZEN, 2 Jun 82)....seeeeeeseeee

Strategic Role of South Africa Relative to South Atlantic

(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 11 May 82).....

-d-

71

74

75

77

77

78

90

91

92

93

94

95

96



Kountche asked Nigerians to redouble their vigilance. He asked foreigners
to continue to keep out of our domestic affairs and to respect our laws.

President Kountche then recalled intrigues on the part of some Nigerians
living outside the country and of some Nigerians living in Niger who are
nostalgic for a bygone past.

To the former, President Kountche said that they are followed regularly.

To the latter, he indicated that the FAN (Niger Armed Forces) will not
hesitate to act to put an end to their intrigues. Niger, he emphasized, will
never be divided, and the territory's defense is the business of the
National Armed Forces.

Regarding the question of the Zinder debate on the Nigerian School, President
Kountche indicated that the final document had been turned over to the state
for study. Decisions will of course be made in the interest of the Nigerian
School and the nation.

Addressing himself.to the merchants, the head of state first indicated

to them that the great market will be rebuilt. He then asked them to stop
certain scandalous practices, put an end to ill feeling and adapt to the
demands of modern trade by avoiding, notably, participation in several
activities simultaneously.

Following this introduction, Minister Annou Mahamane and Secretary of State

for the Interior Amadou Fiti Maiga took their turns at the podium to
translate the head of state's speech into Hausa and Djerma.

9927
csO: 4719/879

67



SPOTLIGHT ON AKAKI AS INDUSTRIAL TOWN

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 22 May 82 p 6

{Article by Arefayne Hagos]

[Text]

Paying thirty cents transportation
fee and travelling for about thirty
minutes by bus one ean easily reach
the town of Akaki, which lies about
twenty five kilometres south-cast of
Addis Ababa,

Akaki or Akaki Bescka, as it is
sometimes called, is actually the clo-
sest town to the nation’s capital. The
town, whose boundary stretches as
close as Awash Tannery around Nefas
Silk, embraees Kaliti township and a
total ara of 4,400 hectares. In the
vieinity ef the town, there exist 66
peasants’ associations. Akaki is one of
the best known industrial centres in
the country. It has 32 textile, fibre,
metal tools, food processing and build.
ing materials producing factories,

The founding of Akaki is traced
back to the construction of the Addis
\Ababa-Djibouti railway. The town
was, and still is, one of the stations
on this railway line. When the Italian
invasion forces éntered Addis Ababa,
the town of Akaki was used as.a
look-out post. Eye witness accounts

22

‘indicate the Italians dug tunnels in-
to the hill which is now located in
the centre of Akaki and on which the
Medhane Alem church was built. The
hill in the town overlooking’ Addis
Ababa provides a complete vista even
to a naked-eye viewer. ,

Scattered in different directions are
also two hills both housing churches.
Far away from the town shines the
reflection. of Akaki Kela, the river
which demarcates the town and Alem-
Gena district. The muddy Akaki
River, nonetheless, flows dividing the
town into two. The third river which
flows around Akaki is a river drying
up seasonaly called Dengora. Having
a temperate weather, the town has
many eucalyptus trees.

Although most of the houses in
Akaki are bailt on the lowland, there
are few which are constructed on
the hills. Houses with thatched roofs
and old falling houses mainly cons-
titute the town. Women riding on

ETHIOPIA



NIGER

KOUNTCHE ADDRESSES MEETING OF MILITARY, ECONOMIC CADRES
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 23 Apr 82 p 2
[Article: "Conference of Cadres Presided Over by Head of State"]

[Excerpts] The head of state, Col Seyni Kountche, presided over a conference
of cadres (executives) at the National Assembly at 10:00 o'clock yesterday
morning.

Present at the conference were members of the CMS (Supreme Military Council),
the government officers of the National Armed Forces, authorities and
executives from the different ministries and representatives of joint
economy corporations and socioprofessional associations.

In his introduction, the head of state developed five principal points: the
pause we will observe in 1983, the economic situation, security, the intrigues
of certain nostalgic persons and merchants' problems.

In reference to the first point, the president of the CMS said that the year
1983 will be the year of the pause, the year to consolidate our assets.

The head of state added that the pause is needed so that we can build new
momentum.

In the area of rural development, the goal we have set ourselves is the
development of 1,000 hectares per year. For the head of state, this is
quite sufficient, because even at the present stage we face problems caused
by the insufficiency in quality and quantity of the training staff at
hydroagricultural developments. The head of state indicated that to improve
the situation, the number of technicians should be increased and their
contribution enhanced.

Continuing along the same lines of thought, Col Seyni Kountche spoke of
the opening up of our country.

Despite the limited means at its disposal, Niger has worked very hard, he
stressed, within :the framework of its domestic and foreign development.
Thus, during the last few years, important projects such as the Uranium Road
have been started, and others are to be completed, notably the Niamey-
Filingue-Tahoua section, Zinder-Coure, Zinder-Agadez, etc.

65



"One area where the Party expects marked improvement is from our own group of
companies which form the Zambia National Holdings Limited." .

On the envisaged new Party headquarters, Mr Mulemba said the site would be
the centre of political leadership and political activities in the nation.

"This is where the new struggle to build a prosperous Zambia will be launched
from."

On the fund-raising campaign, Mr Mulemba said the Party would ensure that the
mechanism of channelling contributions was handled by militant workers who
would safeguard mischannelling contributions.

People had built Zambia from nothing and from nothing the Party headquarters
would be erected to stand up once more as a reflection of the honour and glory

of the people, he said.

He appealed to all Zambians to take up the challenge and contribute generously
to the cause. "Let this headquarters be a symbol of our glory and honour."

cso: 4700/1334

141



MAXIMUM NAMIBIANIZATION OF LABOR FORCE SOUGHT

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 27 May 82 p 1

[Text]

A DTA member of the Ministers’
Council yesterday called for Govern-
ment intervention to ensure the max-
imum Namibianisation of the country’s
labour force throughout the private sec-

tor, | .
Speaking during the
Budget debate in — the’

National Assembly, Mr
Gregor Tibinyane said it
was unacceptable that ex-
patriates were recruited for
work which Namibians
could easily do, given ade-
quate training.

He called for the soonest
implementation of a
national in-service training
scheme on a national scale
which would. prepare.
Namibian employees to.
take over higher. posts in
the companies they worked
for.

“It is time that our
employees were given the
right to train for more skil-
led. work”, Mr Tibinyane
said. 7

He also attacked the
practice. amongst some
employers who imported
unskilled from neighbour-
ing Botswana, Angola and
SA because those recruits

CSO: 4700/1346

offered” ifieir” labour “for.
cheaper wages. These out=
siders were taking over the
job opportunities of Nami-
bians.

“It is time the State
stands up to correct this,”
said Mr Tibinyane. -

_ According to Mr

Tibinyane there were too
many unskilled Namibian
employees.....filling - sx
productive posts. ,
Namibians should be
prepared to take over the
jobs of expatriates now
working in the Territory.

He suggested that an ad-
hoc committee be ap-
pointed urgently to look
into the matter, conduct

thorough research and
devise a co-ordinated
programme. ° _ before

58

implementing a national in-
service training scheme
throughout the private sec-
tor. : .
The aim of such a
scheme, which should run
continuously and on a
national scale, would be to.
use the existing private sec-
tor labour force with the:
greatest” possible efficiency
“for the benefit of all”.
Research had to identify.

- paiprities for.such a project

and be: directed towards
the effective deployment of
local manpower.

Mr Tibinyane said: “The

aim is not to create more:

job opportunities but the
most efficient use of our
available manpower”
«Management in every
company should realise its
responsibility in this
regard, and move ahead
spontaneously with the
realisation of this goal, in
compliance with the in-
terim * Government's
recommendations.

Mr: Tibinyane admitted
that there was at present a

NAMIBIA

strong néed to ii
because of the shortage in
the country.

But the shortage of skil-
led and the abundance of
unskilled labour in the Ter-
ritory made the continued
recruitment of both skilled
and unskilled workers un-
acceptable.



OFFICERS GRADUATE IN PROFESSIONAL COURSE

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 23 May 82 pl

[Text]

ADDIS ABABA (ENA) — Offi,”

cers who have undergone a profes-
sional improvement emulation course
at the Higher Combined Military
Training School for the first time
since the upsurge of the revolution
graduated here yesterday.

Certificates ‘to the graduating offi-
cers were handed out by Comrade
Brig. Gen. Alemayehu Desta, Head
of the Main Department of Military
Education in the Ministry of Nation-
al Defence, at a ceremony held with-
in the school’ compound.

The graduating officers staged on
the occasion a sophisticated tactical
show in which they demonstrated
their ability'to guide a given defen-
sive combat and their skills in tran-
smitting combat directives through
chains of command.

Speaking at the ceremony, Com:
rade Brig. Gen. Alemayehu said that
the renowned and highly reputed
Higher Combined Military Training
School was expanding the scope of

CSO: 4700/1345

its training activities to include mili-
tary science courses for higher eche-
lon military personnel. :

Comrade Brig. Gen. Alemayehu
reminded the graduating officers of
their duty of combining their long ex-
periences with the new skills they
had ,acquired to live up to their re-
sponsibilities. He then thanked the
staff of the Training School and re-
volutionaries from friendly countries
for their contribution to the success
of the course. .

Earlier, Comrade Col. Eshetu
Makonnen, Commandant of the Tra-
ining School, and Comrade Col.
Kel Gashe, co-ordinating officer
of the school’s professional improve-
ment course, spoke in turn emphasi-
sing the advantages of the training
programme, They pointed out that
the officers had acquired adequate
combat skills in both defensive and
offensive operations.

ETHIOPIA



GABON

MAKAYA WRITES ON SPECIAL SMALL BUSINESS FUND
Libreville L'UNION in French 20-21 Mar 82 p 1
[Article by Makaya: "What Is What, as I See It"]

[Text] Four years ago the establishment of a special fund for small buiness
was announced. This was an excellent initiative aimed at encouraging our
nationals to get into business following the departure of the foreigners.

Time has passed, and I, Makaya, do not hear any more about this famous
national fund for business. The problem is that those in charge of this
matter are not very communicative. It is as if they were trying to keep this
fund a secret, so that only a few would benefit from it.

This is not the first time that the government has taken such an initiative.
This is how the Crefoga program for housing came about. In that case the
good approach was used of dividing the reponsibility into two areas: one the
one hand the ministry and on the other the bank. In this way, one knew where
to go to obtainneeded information. The confusion which arises between the
national fund for business and the ministry of administration complicates
matters.

This is why I propose separation of these two organizations.

With the goal of seeing more clearly what is what.

9920
CSO: 4719/838

32



NAMIBIA

RUMOR OF NATIONAL ASSEMBLY DISSOLUTION WORRIES DR AFRICA
Windhoek REPUBLIKEIN in Afrikaans 23 Apr 82 pp 1-2

[Text] Eenhana--If Mr Danie Hough wants to keep his credibility as
administrator general of South-West Africa/Namibia then it behooves him
to deny publicly that he has raised the possibility of dissolving the
National Assembly and the Ministerial Council with certain politicians
outside the DTA [Democratic Turnhalle Alliance].

Dr B. J. Africa, vice chairman of the Ministerial Council and deputy
president of the DTA, at a meeting here in Ovambo, 12 kilometers south of
the Angolan border, was reacting to certain rumors now being circulated
in Windhoek.

According to the rumors Mr Hough made a promise to Kosie Pretorius, Justus
Garoeb and Hans Diergaard that he would dissolve the Ministerial Council
and the National Assembly if they could see to it that the second level
governments get more support.

Thereafter he would reconstitute the National Assembly with predominant
representation in accordance with the second level distribution.

At the meeting, which was attended by 370 people more or less, Dr Africa
said that he does not wish to say that the administrator general has actually
said that, but he is worried about such rumors.

"I do not wish to say that the administrator general said that, but I would
welcome if he would deny this in public."

As for the criticism which is so often flung at the DTA Dr Africa asked that
people realize that the DTA cannot completely rule the country, because

the region is still under the control of South Africa through the
administrator general.

Dr Africa said: "We and the people of Namibia expect the administrator
general to first look after the interests of Namibia before he looks at his
own interests. The fact that South Africa has stated that the people of
the country must choose their own leaders and even resolve their problems
means that there may not be any slighting from the administrator general."

52



of imperialist and reactionary ¢on-
spiracies was editorialized by the Ara-
bie language weekly Al-Alem. The
paper analysed why imperialism. and
‘Torces ‘of ‘reaction have made the Mid-
dle: East and the continent of Africa
their target areas, and stressed on the
determination expected of the peoples
of the area to hit back at enemy plots,

Concerning the bitter struggle in
this part of the world, Al-Alem point.
ed out that the struggle tn the area in-
tensified after the emergence of pro-
gressive and peace-loving forces with
anti-imperialist, anti-colonialist and
anti-reaction stands, The paper made
note of the recently concluded ordi-
nary Session of the joint Political
Committee of Socialist Ethiopia, the
PDRY and. the Socialist People's
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, and the re-
solutions passed in orde to intensify
the struggle to safeguard the revolu-
tions in the three countries. —

Finally, Al-Alem highlighted the
complete and principled. support as-
sured for the Multi-faceted Red Star
Revolutionary Campaign being waged
in Eritrea region. This support as
expressed in the resolutions passed at
the end of the recently concluded Ses-,
sion of ithe joint Political Commit.
tee is a clear indication of the deter-
mination of the three countries to
translate the Tripartite Treaty into
practice, Al-Alem concluded.

CSO: 4700/1345

18



csO: .4700/1334

labour market.

“One would have thought
that in a situation of rising
unemployment and generally j
difficult economic time, wage
demands would be kept to
reasonable limits or almost
Teflect to the cost of living
which according to the
combined ‘consumer price
index, for 1981 over. that for
1980 was 13.4.’”

Wage demands could not be
expected to cushion the effect
of inflation because it was
impossible to do so as com-
anies also suffered from
inflation most of which was
imported. . :

The federation stood for the
best conditions of service and
remuneration for the workers
and for. the wage increases
based on productivity and
employers’ ability to pay.

139


Proposals Not Cabinet Policy
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 11
[Article: "Presidential Council Plan Is Not Policy for Cabinet Decision" |

[Text] The Presidential Council proposals are not yet National Party [NP]
policy, said the Transvaal NP in information documents being circulated now.

Before the proposals can be accepted at all, partly or fully, as the policy
of the NP, the following must take place:

- The cabinet must decide to what extent the recommendations from the Presi-
dential Council are acceptable to the government and what its own proposals in
this respect are;

- Afterwards, the NP caucus must be consulted and be given the opportunity to
express itself about the cabinet decision and to take a position;

- After that, the NP congresses will provide ample opportunity to regular
party members to discuss, accept, change or reject the decisions made by the
cabinet and the caucus. What the congresses decide will then become official
NP policy; and

- If necessary, the voters will then be given the opportunity, through a re-
ferendum, to express themselves about this issue. This will happen if the
congress decisions deviate drastically from the existing NP principles and
policy.

Coexistence

Another pamphlet quotes statements made by Prime Minister P.W. Botha in a
speech delivered on 19 April in Pietersburg. These are used to indicate what
principles the NP is "adamant" about.

There will not be any joint election list for whites and other national groups;
the composition and character of the House of Assembly must be maintained;
distinct and separate schools will be maintained for each national group; on-
ly a white minister will have authority over white education; the rights of
coloreds, Indians and blacks over their own education are recognized; differ-
ent residential areas for the various population communities will be maintaine,
and the NP believes in peaceful coexistence rather than in confrontation poli-
tics.

Constitution

The Transvaal NP is distributing these pamphlets as the third phase in its in-
formation campaign about the separation of members of parliament, who later
founded the Conservative Party. The first phase consisted of a full clarifi-
cation of the situation by way of newspaper advertisements and newsletters to
office bearers.

The next phase dealt with the ratio policy and the constitutional approach of
the NP. The newest phase deals with topical political problems, as well as
with the misrepresentation spread by other parties, with the "apparent inten-
tion of confusing the electorate." The pamphlets are now being printed.

85



however, the growth rate had slipped to
0.6% and it is still falling. In addition,
poor weather conditions and skewed
agricultural marketing systems have intro-
duced the spectre of famine, especially
in the South, Against this, the population
is growing at 3% per annum — almost
Africa’s highest!

Aiseca to these woes, Malawi faces a
faltering balance of payments situation
and a burgeoning external debt. Banda’s
men have responded to this by tightening
up fiscal policy, calling on World Bank
credit facilities and borrowing on the
commercial markets. While the policy
makes some short-term sense, the World
Bank slapped some tough conditions on
their loan and the commercial loans,
given high interest rates, are going to be
tough to repay.

The general hope seems to be that
tobacco will save the deteriorating
situation, but here Banda faces some
risks, Faced with the need to produce
more tobacco, he may have to force
peasant farmers off the land and turn it
over to more productive estate-type

farming. If not for the Ngwazi, then
certainly for his successor, such a strategy |
is not free of deep political implications. |
Peasant farmers are also being squeez- |
ed by the control of prices. Although a |
self-confessed free-market economy, Ma-
lawian agriculture suffers from’ the |
malady of a local variant of South Afri- |
ca’s Agricultural Monetary Boards. The |
Malawian species, called ADMARK (Agri- |
cultural Development and Marketing |
Corporation), sets the prices payable to |
peasant farmers. In recent years, these
have been vigorously controlled despite

an annual inflation rate of 16%. Not
surprisingly, peasant farmers are moving
back to the subsistence level and the
national food supply situation has worse-
ned.

Desite the growing list of economic ;
problems, no serious immediate challenge
faces the Ngwazi. Another well-worn’
Godfather principle accounts for this,
elimination or exile of any rivals.

IL, March, 1981, a former Minister of
Youth and Culture, Gwanda Chakuamba
Phiri, was charged with sedition, The list
of charges ranged from possessing a copy
of the late “To the Point” (banned in

39

Malawi, difficult as that may be to
believe) to possessing a crude pistol.
Behind these petty charges was a far more
ominous one, It seems that Chakuamba
and a friend had organised a secret meet-
ing of a local chapter of the Congress
Party. At this meeting, the friend had
indicated that Malawi's development
would be better directed by men of
Chakuamba’s calibre. Chakuamba,
evidently, failed to slap this seditious
notion down. Both men were sentenced
to 22 years in jail,

From the early post-independent days
Malawian activists have gone into exile
and today three such groups, whose views
Tange across a wide ideological spectrum,
exist. The youngest, most radical and
probably the most active is Lesoma
(Socialist League of Malawi) led by Dr
Atkati Mpakati. It claims extensive
Brassroots support and, a year ago, was

implicated in the spreading of subversive
pamphlets throughout the countryside.
So far, though, Lesoma remains a minor
irritant for Banda.

In the exercise of access and patron
age, Banda shows the true understanding
of Godfather-type politics. In playing
this game, the Ngwazi concentrates on
Malawi's women. ‘Each year, for example,
women who have served the Congress
Party well are given a free western-style
house as a gift from Banda. This largesse
is country-wide so as not to favour one or
other group. When the Ngwazi travels
abroad his entourage is mainly comprised
of women members of the Congress
Party. Last year, he simply appointed an’
additional 13 women to Parliament,
making the total number of women 34.
In a 128 member Parliament, this prob-
ably gives Malawi the highest percentage
of women parliamentarians in the world.

The coming years will be extremely
interesting ones for Malawi-watchers.
There are two intriguing questions: what
js the future of the South African con-
nection? And: what happens after
Banda?

True to his survival instinct, Banda has
operated a pragmatic foreign policy, a
cornerstone of which was the link with
both the White South and Black Africa.
He supported the Portuguese Colonialists
and, successively, Ian Smith and Ndaba-
ningi Sithole whilst keeping his seat at the
OAU warm, . .

Now, in the’ changing regional situat-
jon, Banda’s pragmatism shows through.
Last year he established Ambassadorial



Daring

Dr Van Niekerk said that the establishment of the Presidential Council was an
historic development in itself. The daring shown by Prime Minister P.W. Botha
and by the government in bringing this about should be admired.

There is outspoken admiration about this among politicians from overseas.
Mostly they have been told that the establishment of the council represented
a political risk, which would only be chanced by someone who stands for dyna-
mic change.

Golden Opportunity for Afrikaners
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 3

(article: “Presidential Council Proposals Offer Golden Opportunity to
Afrikaners" |

[Text] The idea of absolute vertical separatism fails when measured against
the reality of only one fatherland for whites, coloreds and Indians, said Dr
Willie van Niekerk, chairman of the Committee for Community Relations, yester-
day before the Presidential Council.

During discussion of the report. on local and regional government, Dr Van
Niekerk stated that small colored communities cannot be forced into a separate
local government for the sake of vertical separatism. It would after all be
unthinkable that, at the second level, there should be 24 provincial councils
and that each council should have authority over its own territory for whites
and coloreds.

The Afrikaners have a proud record of building and fighting, but they have
also always moved dynamically forward. The proposals offer the Afrikaners an
opportunity once again to build dynamically. He knows that the Afrikaners will
accept the challenge. Then a new and dynamic South Africa will come into
being.

Dr Jurgens Weidemann, member of the Committee of Economic Affairs, noted that
if the proposals are accepted, then the coloreds and the Indians will acquire
rights which the blacks have had for years. The 11 million blacks outside the
national states have long had the rights which will be given to the cdloreds
and the Indians as a result of these proposals.

The impression should not be created that the blacks are being excluded and
that a new form of discrimination will be created. He feels ashamed with re-
gard to the coloreds and the Indians when he thinks about the enormous progress
made by the blacks. Dr J.M. van Oswegen noted that whites, and especially
Afrikaners, know how unstoppable nationalism is; therefore they should res-
pect this feeling in other national groups: .

80



PRESENT ORDER DOOMED, BUSINESS LEADERS TOLD

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 28 May 82 p 19

[Text]

BUSINESSMEN.

should accept that the
present order in
Namibia was doomed
and prepare themselves
for the future dispensa-
tion, according to Mr
Moses Katjiuongua,
Swanu President.

Mr_ Katjiuongua’ was
speaking at the congress of
the Namibia Chamber of
Commerce and Industry
this week, when he en-
couraged businessmen to
“accept the inevitability of
political change here and
to prepare yourselves for
the alternatives.” .

He also said changes
should -be made in present
business ‘philosophy and
practice “to accommodate
the expectations of the
future. The present
colonial relationship
between Namibia and SA”.
would have to be changed,
he warned.

“Namibia is not only a
political colonial
dependency of SA, but the

CsO: 4700/1346

economic relationship is
also colonial in that it ex-
hibits - all. the elements of
the world wide known.
centre-periphery
relationship.

“It should always be
borne in mind that the
crucial question for any
nation is to break or limit
to the minimum its political
and economic deperideticy
on any other nation.”, he
said. ~

The path to political and.
economic decolonisation
would have to be tackled
with the resolve to. protect
national resources from
“heartless exploiters”, and

_to keep “all ~ major

economic and __ political
decisions. within _ the
borders of Namibia”, he
added.

The fundamental
problem of the Namibian
political environment, he
said, was the struggle dver
the quality, not the princi-

ple of Namibian in-..

dependence.
“Patriotic | Namibians,
that is, the anti-status quo

forces, will not settle for a

neo-colonial half loaf of:
bread but want the whole
thing.” :
Turning to the role of
small business, he called on
small businessmen to
“raise your level of ambi-
tion.” He said this sector
would have to help fill the
gaps likely to be left by”
people leaving after’ in-.
dependence. They: should
become manufacturers, in-
dustrialists, engineers,
technologists and miners.

7 He warned mining com-
panies ‘could risk “expul-
sion or confiscation” if
they did not spread. the
benefits of their operations
inside the country. Nami-
bians really interested in
change were not only in-
terested in the attitude of
the mining companies to
the present system or
improvements of wages
and employment condi-
tions, “but also extends to
the -role of Namiba. and
Namibians in those es-
tablishments.”

57

NAMIBIA



Provincial Council Plans Studied
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 1982 p 3

[Article: "Presidential Council Plan for Provincial Councils Carefully Scru-
tinized" |

[text] Yesterday, the possible elimination or reform of provincial councils
was back’ in the spotlight in the Presidential~Couneil.

Since Wednesday, when the debate concerning local and regional government be-
gan, various speakers have voiced strong views on the subject.

The Committee for Economic Affairs and the Constitutional Committee have re-
commended that in the new constitutional scheme, the four provinces be divided
into eight new regions, and in this respect two alternative plans for the fu-
ture of provincial councils have been introduced. One of the plans provides
for the elimination of those councils and the appointment of members of an
executive committee, while the other plan advocates mixed, elected provincial
councils.

Keeping }

Dr Willie van Niekerk, chairman of the Committee for Community Relations, said
that the elected councils would have regulatory powers over matters which have
been depoliticized. People will never be satisfied if there is not someone to
whom they can complain about their weak fathers. The election of coloreds on
separate election lists cannot be unacceptable to most whites.

Mr Willem Dempsey also pleaded for keeping the provincial system. He believes
in a maximum devolution of power, coupled with effective decision making au-
thority at lower levels. There will have to be a serious examination of the
authority exercised by the central administration. The central government
should not try to do more than what is absolutely necessary.

Provincial governments have been in existence for so long that it is not easy
to destroy them. In addition, the Presidential Council should not try to do
too much at one time. "We should not meddle with it now." ‘

Local administrations very much need the provincial authority, and their abo-
lition will create a void at the local level.

Mr Thys-van Lingen noted that, when in 1971 the provincial councils lost their
taxation authority, they became legislative bodies which are merely rubber
stamps.

The disadvantages of the plan for mixed, elected councils are greater than in
the case of the other plan. He has no objections to representation for color-
eds and Indians, but one should be on one's guard against creating expectations
which could ultimately not be met. People could expect that the line must be
extended from the third to the first government level. The other plan is
better.



UGANDA

BRIEFS

"MUNNANSI' APPEARS AGAIN--Kampala, May 12--The opposition Democratic Party
weekly news bulletin MUNNANSI appeared on Kampala streets yesterday after an
absence of six weeks following the arrest of the paper's editor, Anthony
Sekweyama, and three other employees on March 22. The four, who were
charged with sedition, were released after three weeks in custody. They
each paid 25 dollars in bail. Yesterday's edition of the paper attacked the
Government order demanding that all unemployed people in Kampala leave the
city. The paper also criticised recent operations mounted by Government
security forces in the capital. The Government has been conducting wide-
spread arrests in a bid to stem violent opposition. The paper said that
police had confiscated office machines and other material when the four were
arrested. (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2897, 14 May 82
p 19]

SEVEN MURDERS--Kampala, May 13--Unidentified gunmen have killed a party
chairman of the ruling Uganda Peoples Congress (UPC) in the Mpigi North-West
constituency, along with three other people, the Kampala daily MUNNO reported
today. The killing of Paskari Katende brought to seven the number of local
government or ruling party officials murdered in Mpigi district on the
northern outskirts of the capital since the beginning of this week. (A.F.P.)
[Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2897, 14 May 82 p 20]

CsO:. 4700/1339

116



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

PUBLIC EXPENDITURE CUTS--Kinshasa, May 15--The Zairean Cabinet decided
yesterday to take major steps to cut down on public expenditure, Informa-
tion Minister Kande Dzambulate said here last night. The moves follow a
decision by President Mobutu Sese Seko to renounce United States aid on the
grounds that American officials had insulted Zaire. Mr. Kande said expenses
concerned with the annual Franco-African summit and elections would be kept
to the "strict minimum". The Government would also step up the control of
the numbers of Government employees, notably in education, where some
40,000 staff would have to lose their jobs at the beginning of the next
school term. (Meanwhile, it was announced in Seoul that President Mobutu
would pay a state visit to South Korea from June 7 to 10 at the invitation
of President Chun Doo-Hwan.) (A.F.P.) [Text] [Paris AFRICA AFP in English
No 2898, 18 May 82 p 20]

sO: 4700/1339

lg



WEEKLY WRAPUP OF NON-ENGLISH PRESS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 23 May 82 p 3

[Article by Dereje Balcha in colum "Views, Comments, Opinions"]

{Text ]

‘The front page of this week’s issue
of Serto Ader, organ of the Central
Committee of COPWE, contained ar-
ticles and reportages pertaining to va-
rious topical issues. Besides the edito-
rial column that dwelt upon the need
for the further intensification ‘of the
struggle towards directing trade activi-
ties along socialist lines, the paper
highlighted the current election . of
AETU and AEPA office bearers at.all
levels in accordance with the recently
issued Proclamation to Reorganize and
Restructure Workers’ and Peasants’

Serto Ader pointed out that the as-
sessment being undertaken by the
High-level Election Central Committee
is aimed at locating weaknesses and
strong points of the election process,
to draw lessons from the experiences
and thereby facilitate the attainment
of the ultimate objectives of the Pro-
clamation. In this connection, the
organ of the CC of COPWE under-
lined the significance of the various

26

directives issued by the Election Cen-
tral Committee and the efforts being
exerted to realize their implementation,

The paper outlined the decisive role
the current election of workers’ and
peasants’ association leaders would
play in the on-going construction pro-
cess along socialist lines and to do
away with individual enrichment.
With this in view, Serto Ader carried
the views of three candidates for
AEPA district offices in Wolmera Dis-
trict, Menagesha Province of Shoa Re-
gion. Accordingly, the paper reported
the candidates’ readiness to genuinely
serve the peasant masses without using
their offices to satisfy their own indi-
vidual interests. ‘

Unwavering Support

The efforts being exerted to accom-
modate and improve the life of compa-
‘riots returning from the bushes and
neighbouring refugee camps after be-
ing scattered by the anti-people acti-
vities of: separatist bandits in Eritrea

ETHIOPIA



Because of this technique, the European reader concludes that "except
for some border clashes between Angola and South Africa, this region

of Africa is almost an oasis of peace" since according to the space

in the newspapers he reads "the war exists only in the Malvinas Islands."

Some Western news specialists voluntarily forget the communiques from the
RPA's [People's Republic of Angola] Ministry of Defense, thus favoring
Pretoria's government which can continue its aggression against the RPA
without witnesses.

For example, in September 1981, after the first 25 days of the South
African invasion of Cunene Province, the well-known British newspaper
THE TIMES announced the FAPLA [People's Armed Forces for the Liberation
of Angola] counteroffensive in a brief item on page 9.

It was not an accident or even a dealy with the news agencies’ telex.

On the contrary, that newspaper, like the others, had no more interest in
mentioning a conflict in which the aggressor, the regime of Pretoria, is
one of the best partners of the multinationals. To inform objectively
and speak the truth often goes against certain economic and political
interests whith, notwithstanding the perfunctory criticism, are unchanged
and will remain so for a long time.

Then the natural question arises: "Why so much space given to the Malvinas,
while the 18,000 soldiers (mercenaries and the regular army) which the
racist regime uses against SWAPO and the RPA are ignored?"

Indeed, no official of the above-mentioned Western news media answered.
Certainly, reporting on the Malvinas conflict is much easier since it
is a war decided on only by the rulers who, on each side, use it to
reinforce and strengthen their own vaulting power. On the contrary,

the war of aggression by racist South Africa against the RPA and SWAPO,
the inhumane policy of apartheid confuses them, forces them to take
positions and, above all, explain to their readers that in South Africa,
the war is not between rulers ‘but between the Angolan people and the
leadership of the minority, racist regime of Pretoria. ‘

This unjust law point of view must be condemned and cannot be ignored.
Pretoria's government alone would not have the strength and ability to
wage this war without the direct aid of imperialism and the massive
recruitment of mercenaries using sophisticated weapons.

All this does not interest a certain press which does not want to know
and pass on that the Angolan people, notwithstanding the 9 months of
the war of aggression, has duly decided to resist the aggression.


ZFE BULLETIN NOTES DECLINE IN ECONOMY LAST YEAR

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 26 May 82p 1

[Text]

cso:

4700/1334

ZAMBIA"s” balance” of: pay:
fents continued to deteriorate,
last vear with a K270 million:
deficit. recorded, and the
situation would have been
worse had it not been for. the:
International Monetary Fund
(IMF) help.

According to. the Zambia
Federation of Employers ‘re-
view of the country’s economy:
for last year, Zambia's Gross
National Product (GNP) de-
clined.

The review is contained in
the ZFE latest bulletin just
released in Lusaka. However,
there was a slight recovery in
rea} GNP in 1980 which
amounted to. K1,370 million
compared: with K1,329 million
for 1979 — an increase of
about three percent. _

But during the year under
review. GNP amounted to

K1.345 ‘million, a° decline’ of |

about 1.8 per cent over the
previous year, lafgely due to

poor performance of the

mining industry.

‘The review notes that the
growth rate in agriculture,
mining .and, . manufacturing
remained unimpressive since
1979.

- The agricultural sector:
made a riotable recovery when
it registered a growth rate of
9.8 per cent over 1980
record. This was due to a
bumper maize harvest of the
1980-81 season.

But copper production

tumbled 11.8 per cént over its

134

levet for 1980: .

Other sectors which.-.per-
formed badly during the
period under review were’ the
construction. transport, com-
munications and storage which
fell slightly by 0.8 per cent
over the previous year.

The construction industry
has remained depressed since
1975 and has been declining
yearly due to cuts in Govern-
ment’s capital expenditure
and the fall in capital for-
mation resulting from the fall
in total level of investment in
the economy.

But electricity, hotels and
restaurants, financial institu-
tions. real estate business and
social services performed well,
it said.

There was a fall in real
resources available to the
economy. during the year
under review of 1.8 per cent
as opposed to 1980.

The balance of payments
had been under - constant
strain -since 1976. But there
was an improvement in 1979
when a surplus of K168 million
was realised because of an
increase in the price’ of.
copper on the world market.

A negative balance of pay-
ments meant that the country.
was unable to pay for its
imports and services in good
time.

The cost of living has con-
tinued to rise above records of
the past decade. ‘

ZAMBIA


CIDA CONSTRUCTING MAIZE, FERTILIZER STORAGE SHEDS

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 May 82 p 2

[Text]

CSO:

4700/1334

ABOUT KS million has been budgeted for the con-
construction of maize and fertiliser storage sheds.

Second secretary at the
Canadian high commission,
Mr Francois Brassard said the
construction of sheds, being
carried out by the Canadian
International. Development
Agency (CIDA) ‘had been
estimated at K5,000,112 for:
the first phase, which started
at the beginning _ of. ; this:
month.

Mr Brassard said
three experts arrived
in the country two
weeks ago to help in
‘the construction of the sheds.

The experts will be super-:
vising the construction work at!
the three sites in Lusaka,
Choma and Katete. - i

‘The first phase Is expected
to be completed in March
next year, .

Mr Brassard said accord-

142

ing to a progress report he

received recently, work on the ~

Lusaka site had reached an.
iadvanced. stage with the

clearing ‘of ‘grounds’ com-"

pleted.

Work in the second area in
Choma was supposed to have
started last week like in
Katete.

‘The first phase of the con-
struction of storage facilities
in the country will include
work on sheds in locations
like Chipata, with four sheds,
Choma (13), Katete (three),
Lundazi (two) and . Lusaka
(ten). .

The others to be.covered in
the first stage are Mumbwa
and Petauke with two sheds

each,

A total of &, all-weather
‘steel storage sheds are expec:
ted to be comstracted in 16
different areas.

ZAMBIA


MAURITIUS

MOSLEM GROUP ACTS ON DIFFERENCES WITH LABOR PARTY
Withdrawal From Alliance
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 21 Apr 82 p 1

[Text] The Moslem Action Committee (CAM) definitely will not be in the
alliance with the Labor Party [LP]. That is what LE MAURICIEN was told
this morning by Razack Peeroo, minister of labor and one of the principal
leaders of the party. The executive committee of the party will meet this
afternoon at 1500 hours to rafity this decision, and the CAM leaders will
meet the press afterward at 1545 hours to comment on the political
situation.

It is probably that the CAM will put up candidates in certain urban and
rural districts, particularly in Port Lous, Riviere des Anguilles, La
Caverne Phoenix and Savantie-Riviere Noite, where there is a large number
of Moslems.

This is the first time since 1959 that the CAM will put up separate
candidates in the elections without the benefit of Labor Party support,
thus putting an end to a quarter of a century of collaboration that was
begun in 1959 by Sir Abdool Razack Mohamed and Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam.
Several CAM parliamentarians were elected during that period with Laborite
votes in the rural regions, notably Messrs Ramjan; Yousouf Mohamed, in
Moka military district; Peeroo, in La Caverne Phoenix; Raoulf Bundhun,

in Riviere des Aguilles-Souillac; etc. In the past few years, however,
the LP, convinced that the Moslem electorate shifting en masse to the MMM
[Mauritian Militant Movement], seemed less disposed to grant places on
the slate to the CAM.

This year, Sir Seewoosagur offered the CAM only four places on the slate in
the Port Louis region (including three in Port Louis east), suggesting that
the CAM candidates, vis-a-vis the MMM (which received 58 percent of the votes
in No 3 district in 1976 compared with the CAM's 28 percent) are trying to
make a good showing in order to obtain best-loser seats.

For its part, the CAM was asking for at least seven seats and described

Sir Seewoosagur's offer as humiliating to the Moslem community. Relations
between the CAM and the LP were also strained after the Libyan affair and

aL



ANGOLA

‘
FALKLANDS ISSUE SEEN OBLITERATING SOUTH AFRICAN AGGRESSION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 5 May 82 p 1

[Editorial by Achille Lollo: "The Silence, Sensationalism of the Western
Press"]

[Text] The Western press or, better yet, the influential press which molds
opinions, tells the whole world what is good and bad, who is the aggressor
and the victim, in these last 2 weeks has filled its editorial rooms with
military experts, political strategists and war correspondents, in sum,
all kinds of experts who enable it to devote their pages exclusively to
the Anglo-Argentine conflict, as if it were the prelude to the Third World
War.

Such Western media specialists, whom we respect from a strictly professional
viewpoint, did their work very well. They have concentrated the attention
of almost all inhabitants of the planet on the conflict in the Malvinas,
casting into almost complete oblivion a number of international conflicts
which at least deserve half the space given to the statements of Galtieri
and Mrs Thatcher.

All this has not passed unnoticed and when a columnist of THE TIMES of
London was asked about the sensationalist concentration on the conflict
(when armed conflict had not yet begun), he replied that it was to relive
the analogous history of the "invincible armada and the 1956 Suez War."

Clearly, such answers are not convincing since they border on political
fiction.

Despite these représentations, the influential Western press refers to a
political logic within which the news is created, political logic which
found its Trojan horse in the Malvinas for imparting disinformation as

well as sensationalism. Individuals put the domestic situation in Indonesia,
Sudan, the SDAR [Saharan Democratic Arab Republic], El Salvador, Chad,
Colombia, Namibia, South Africa, Northern Ireland and Lebanon on the last
page and even relegate the Iranian-Iraqi war: to the background.


GUINEA-BISSAU

BRIEFS

PORTUGUESE RADIO COOPERATION—A technical team of two Portuguese Radio Broad-
casting employees has been.in our country since last Friday to contact
Guinean authorities in the Ministry of Information and Culture about repair-
ing the Nhacra central.transmitter. During their stay.in our country, the
two experts will also discuss the prospects for continuing Portuguese tech-
nical assistance-to the RDN. [National Broadcasting] of the Republic of
Guinea-Bissau. The team headed.by Mr Americo de Carvalho, a specialist from
the.Center for Training Portuguese Broadcasting Personnel, held.a working
session with. Comrade Agnelo.Regalla, director general of.the Ministry of
Information .and. Culture, .and the RDN director. and.visited our broadcasting
facilities. [Text]. [Bissau NO.PINTCHA.in Portuguese 5 May 82 p.2] 9479

csoO:. 4742/310..

35



"I do not see the reason why you should split the little that you have now",
he told them.

As for the future plans, the Minister said, "Unite Bugisu Cooperative Union
and Masaba Cooperative Union to reduce administrative costs".

The Minister also said a new management committee for the Bugisu Cooperative
Union should be elected. .

He stressed that the management must comprise of men with integrity. "When
voting put in mind one man one vote. Consider age and education," he told
them.

The Minister commended the new secretary manager, Mr Nagimesi, for the good
work done. He said what he has done was great for the area and country.

CsO:. 4700/1340

115



aims at ensuring the unity and
wellbeing ‘of the people with the
view to enabling it to become
the assured beneficiary of the
fruits of the Popular. Revolution.
Calls. upon the Arab and Afri-

“ ean peoples as well as all democ-

ratic and peace loving forces in
the world to continue to support
the legitimate. struggle of the
Arab people of Palestine under
the leadership of the PLO. It
also condemns the abuse by the
US administration of its .veto
against the rights of the Pales-
tinian people.

Reaffirms its support for the
Syrian people in its struggle
gression and reactionary conspir-
acies. .

Reaffirming ‘their determination
to counter the machinations and
intrigues of the Camp David
accord, it emphasised the need.to
remain. vigilant against attempts
to restablish diplomatic relations
with Israel and to reverse the re-
levant resolutions of the OAU i in
this. respect.

Reiterates its support for the just
struggle of the people of Nami-

4700/1345

14

bia under the leadership of

‘SWAPO, its sole and’ legitimate.

representative, and calls for ‘the
immediate implementation of
Securjty Council resolution 435
regarding the accession of Nami-
bia to independence. It further
reiterates its full support to’ the
just struggle of the peoplo of
South “Africa against the racist
apartheid regime of Pretoria. It
also expresses its full support for
and Solidarity with African
Frontline States and vehemently
condemns aggression of the

“racist regime’ in “South Africa

against the Front-line States in
General, Angola and Mozambi-,
que in particular. 7

Declares its support for and soli.
darity with the peoples of Cuba,
Nicaragua and the national re-
volutionary thovements in Central
Anterica, i
Underlines its commitments to
the policy of good neighbour-
liness, peace and cooperation and
calls upon other parties to en-
deavour towards preservation of
peace, stability and security of

the region.”



The first changes were made in July of last year when Febritas, a Portuguese
company which is partially controlled and owned by the state railroads,
obtained a contract for repairing cranes, freight trucks and other equipment.

The next step was taken in September when a dynamic supermarket manager was
appointed as harbor chief (the seventh man to fill this post during the 7
years of independence).

Very soon he had 800 of the 2,000 harbor workers land in court on charges of
theft. In the course of a newspaper interview the new harbor chief complained
about an organized network of thieves operating in the harbor area. He said
that freight trucks full of sugar, soap, milk, clothing and shoes were leaving
the harbor area under the very noses of the security guards. These are goods
which the average Angolan practically never gets to purchase.

7964
cso: 4701/63



UGANDA

ANC Lifers Moved Without Explanation
(THE CLILZEN, 1 Jun 82)..... seen tence nce e cancer cee ceneeetee

South African Arms Industry Build-up Justified
(Editorial; THE CITIZEN, 1 Jun 82).......eeesseeeeee eeesscee

Business Leader Calls for Opportunities for Blacks
(DIE BURGER, 11 May 82).....sececceeeccccccercccceceseseeeee

Eglin Hits at Exclusion of Blacks
CTHE CITIZEN, 1 Jum 82). .cccrecccscccvcrcrcccccecccessscece .

Brixton Tower Conspirators Sentenced
(Chris Steyn; THE CITIZEN, 2 Jun 82).......eeeeeeceecceeceee

Briefs
cP Strength
Manpower Shortage
German Stake Increases
Posts in Venda
Security Act: Pastor Guilty
More Deputies
New Mail Service To Us
National Convention

Ssemogerere: Government Clearly Responsible for Violence
(AFRICA AFP, 14 May 82)..ccceeeccsecceecceeccceneeseeeeeees

Three Opposition Members of Parliament Lose Seats
(AFRICA AFP, 14 May 82)..cseeeccvccsccccccccceseenes

Bogoya, Peanuts, Millet To Go To Foreign Markets
(Rebecca Katumba, Sam Serwanga; UGANDA TIMES, 8 Apr 82)..

Salt Factory Gets New Machinery
(R. Katumba, S. Sexwanga; UGANDA TIMES, 9 Apr 82)....

Mineral Wealth To Be Exploited
(M. Mbaziira; UGANDA TIMES, 10 Apr 82)........

Bugisu Coffee Mill To Be Improved
(Olive Nabukonde; UGANDA TIMES, 19 Apr 82)..

Briefs
"MUNNANSI' Appears Again
Seven Murders

100

102

103

105
105
105
106
106
106
106
106

108

109

110

111

3

114

116
116



cso

4700/1334

imports were reduced” there=
‘would be enough local commo-
dities.

Asked by: a listener Mr
James Nyambanza of Ndola
on why there weré many trips
abroad by ministerial dele-
gations considering the recent
order by secretary to the

“Cabinet Mr Evans Willima to

cut down on these, Mr Muso-
kotwane replied:
: Trips

“As Mr Willima _ said,
trips abroad will surely be
cut down. Even if it takes
some time, we will see to it
that these trips are undertaken
only where there is need.”

On the IMF, Mr Musoko-
twane said the world body
was not always helpful to
Third World countries. But.
he declined to comment on
whether the United States
was influencing the IMF to
squeeze Zambia and other
poor nations.

Reviewing the recent IMF
and World Bank meeting in
Helsinki, Finland, Mr Muso-
kotwane said the interim com-
mittee agreed that the outlook
of the world economy was
gloomy. ‘‘But we did not agree
on how to solve the economic
problems.”” ‘

He urged the developed
countries t9 loosen their rigid
protectionist policies and high
interest rates, saying they (the
developed countries) stood to
gain ‘‘even selfishly” if they
compromised with the Third
World — the raw materials
producers.

He urged Third World
countries to strengthen their
economic cooperation, saying
that the “disunity and dis-
trust”? among themselves was
being used by the rich nations
to exploit resources from the
poor.

127



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

CP STRENGTH--A rebel Nationalist MPC, now a member of the Conservative Party,
claimed in the Provincial Council that the CP was going from strength to
strength. Mr F J Niemand (CP Pietersburg) said yesterday an indication of

the growing’ popularity of the party was to be seen in the size of audiences
attending party meetings. Halls had been packed out, while meetings addressed
by the Prime Minister, Mr P W Botha, and 10 members of Parliament in the Trans-
vaal had seen nearly empty halls. Mr Niemand said he strongly deplored the
tactics of the SA Broadcasting Corporation in "conditioning listeners to ac-
cepting the Presidents Council's constitutional proposals". [Text] [Johannes-
burg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 3]

MANPOWER SHORTAGE--South Africa could not rely on immigrants to provde the
engineers ‘and technologists it needed during times of crisis, Dr Louw Alberts;
president of the Council for Mineral Technology, said yesterday. Speaking at
the Randburg Republic Day celebrations, Dr Alberts said many of the people
said to be emigrating from the country were not South Africans, but immigrants.
Referring to the Republic's shortage of skilled manpower, Dr Alberts said
South Africa's future lay in the hands of engineers and scientists--"especial-
ly those from South Africa. While we are very thankful for skilled immigrants,
we cannot rely on them in times of crisis." Father Norman Luyt of the St
Michael's Anglican Church opened the proceedings. "Republic Day should be a
day of celebration for all South Africans right across the board," he said.

"We must remember that we are a multiracial country and Republic Day should

be shared in by all its peoples." [Excerpt] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in Eng-
lish 1 Jun 82 p 16]

GERMAN STAKE INCREASES--The total amount of direct German investment in South
Africa last year was 87,6 percent higher than in 1980. Last year's increase
in direct investment amounted to DM56,1-million or R27,7-million, according to
figures released by the SA-German Chamber of Trade and Industry, giving a total
of DM734-million or R284,5-million when converted at the average rate of ex-
change prevailing during 1981. [Word illegible] direct investment reached
DM538,2-million in 1975 and increased by DM195,5-million, until the end of
1981. Consequently 1981 accounted for over one quarter of Germany's invest-
ment over a period of seven years. The SA-German chamber attributes this in-
crease to the still favourable investment climate in South Africa compared to
most Western economies. It is expected that this trend will continue in 1982.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 21]

105



The remainder of the credit will provide for the contribution of technical
assistance to the BDRN (Development Bank of the Republic of Niger) and to
two other agencies responsible for the financing, promotion and training of
Nigerian entrepreneurs.

Through this credit, the BDRN will be able to finance investments outside of
the agricultural and mining sectors. The Office for the Promotion of
Nigerian Enterprises (OPEN) will be encouraged to help Nigerian entreprenuers.
Crafts people will also be able to perfect their technique with the support
of CMAN (Arts Professions Center of Niger).

One portion of the credit is to be used for the contribution of financial
aid to OPEN.

The total cost of the project, including participation of the BDRN, Nigerian

businesses and the Nigerian Government, is estimated at $19.5 million.
It will be carried out by the BDRN, OPEN and CMAN.

9927
csO: 4719/879

64



"SERTO ADER,' 'PRAVDA' TO STRENGTHEN RELATIONS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 16 May 82 p 1

[Text]

ADDIS ABABA (ENA) ~—vn Ac
tion Programme has been charted out
to strengthen the existing relations be-
tween “Serto Ader”, Organ of thé
Central Committee of COPWE, and
“Pravda”, Organ of the Communist
Party of the USSR. .

This was disclosed by Comrade Tef-
ferra Shawl, Second Deputy Editor-in-
Chief of “Serto Ader” and member of
the paper's Editorial Board upon his
return here earlier this week after at-
tending the seventieth anniversary ce
Iebration of “Pravda” which was
marked in Moscow the previous week.

Based on the relations existing be-
tween the two political organizations,
the two organs have extensively dis-
cussed on how to further enhance
their cooperation, Comrade Teferra de-
clared.

Comrade Teferra went on to gay
that the two sides had reached agree-
ments that would enable them imple-

ment a programme of action regarding

CsO: 4700/1345

19

“ Comrade Teferza also pointed out
that extensive discussions were con-
ducted and views exchanged among re-
Presentatives of the ‘political organs of
progressive countries who attended the
four day “Pravda” festival on the role
newspapers should play in peoples’
revolutionary activities,

Comrade Teferra revealed that dur-
ing the festival he had delivered the
message sent by the Editorial Board
of the Organ of the Central Commit.
tee of COPWE to the Editorial Board
of “Pravda”. ,

ETHIOPIA



2FE 'WORRIED'

BY WORKERS' DEMANDS FOR HIGH SALARIES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 27 May 82 p 5

[Text]

“THE Zambia Federation of Employers is worried
by high .salaries workers are demanding from
employérs, says a ZFE information bulletin just

released in Lusaka. —

Some of the demands
are as high as 45 per-cent
and they took no account

of the probable conse- ‘

quences on the com-

panies’ profits. and’

employment oppor-
tunities.
’ ‘There was a higher per-
centage of youths in Zambia
and with the high birth rate
and good. medical care, the
unemployment level was likely
to continue rising. . - *

It was difficult for the

youths to find jobs because of.

their large numbers.

“Their movement onto the

job market is too fast for the
economy to accommodate.
Besides, for them to get a job

they need experience and yet to:

get experience they need a job.
“These trappings coupled
with the crisis of expectations
puts them in dramatic predica-
ment and. traumatic experi-.
ence.” .
~ On the demands for increas-
ed wages, the bulletin cites
facts released in a ministerial
statement from the Ministry of
Labour and’ Social Services
that more than 4,151 workers
were declared redundant last
year by 142 companies.
Earlier. 39.000 workers lost
jobs between F975 and 1980
and nothing had happened to
create jobs because of econo-
4nic crisis companies wer
facing.

138

“The economic ‘crisis?
Zambia has been going*
through has hindered the pos-:
sibility of abating the un-
employment situation.”

The worst hit in 1981 was the
construction industry which
accounted for almost 50 per.
centiof the teddadancies, sees
; It, cites another. ministegial,
statement from the Ministry. of;
Youth and Sport. that more;
than two million youths were!
unemployed out of a popula-
tion of $.7 million. -

The Bank of Zambia report

“had earlier indicated that only”

20 per cent of people were in’
paid employment out of the
total labour force.

In addition there were thou-
sands of pupils and students
who left school prematurelly
every year’ at Grade Seven,
Forms III and V levels which
gave remote prospects of
growth in the rate of un-
employment and ‘‘sociological
time bomb.””

Employers were just as con-
cerned about the problem
and besides it was not
a problem for the Govern-
ment alone but that of the
nation and which called for
concerted efforts by all con-
cerned to find a solution.

Demands

Some recent wage demands
were so big that they actually
threatened -and_militated
against the perfection of. the.

ZAMBIA



Not much has been done over the years to solve this problem and therfore
the fertile Cavaco Valley's production decreased. We stress here that,
because of our country's current conditions, the Cavaco Valley, once a
large banana growing area for domestic consumption and export, is now
growing other crops on an intensive basis, mainly cabbage, carrots, greens,
onions and tomatoes.

The former management of the Cavaco Agro-Stock Raising Complex which for

4 years was in charge in the valley, did not succeed in transmitting the
dynamism needed to use its agricultural potential efficiently. Unfortunately,
technical-agricultural mistakes accumulated which demobilized the peasants
and underutilized the arable land.

It is not at all surprising that now the Cavaco Valley, considered the
basis for our economic development, does not satisfactorily fulfill its
important role in the nation's agriculture.

A principal difficulty for the Cavaco Valley concerns seeds. Despite all’
planning, seeds can ruin all production plans since they generally arrive
after the scheduled planting time and often are in poor condition.

When we arrived in Cavaco, all attention was turned to planting potatoes.

It must be stressed here that the potato crop will not live up to
expe¢tations. The major enemy of the Cavaco Valley is the unemployed.

There are great expectations about the potato crop yield. A few days after
this crop reached Benguela, 120 fifty-kilogram sacks, 6 tons, disappeared
from the railroad cars. Obviously, the situation cannot continue.

This situation leads to the expectation that the seed, once sowed, will be
dug up at night. Unfortunately, such situations have occurred in the
Cavaco Valley. Bunches and bunches of bananas are stolen every day for sale
in marginal markets. Something similar is happening elsewhere to the onion
crop where many fields are being dug up.

To improve this situation which seriously threatens production, the Cavaco
Valley is gradually being turned into a guarded area, not a very pleasing
prospect. The thieves who have been caught have not been punished and
this fact, as expected, has serious consequences. Round-the-clock guards
must be posted for the approximately 4-nonth growing period to harvest 6
hectares of onions. Even so, there are still thefts.

How Can Production Be Increased in the Cavaco Valley?

The current. problems must be solved to revive production in the Cavaco
Valley. The irrigation problem must be resolved to extend farming in all
areas. Much equipment is paralyzed for lack of spare parts. Its maintenance
almost always exceeds the family budget by hundreds of contos. Ways must
be found to maintain machinery vital for irrigation of the fields.



ZAMBIA

FAO REPRESENTATIVE NOTES FOOD WASTE IN EASTERN, SOUTHERN AFRICA

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 25 May 82 p 1

[Text] About 15 per cent of the food produced in Eastern and Southern Africa
is wasted because of poor storage and handling, Food and Agriculture Organisa-
tion (FAO) representative in Zambia Mr Hackman Owusu-Agyemang said in Lusaka
yesterday.

If this wastage was stopped, marketing of food crops would increase between
ten to 15 per cent every year. There is an urgent need to reduce such wastage.

Mr Agyemang was addressing the second technical review meeting of the FAO and
the Swedish International Development Agency which was officially opened by
director of agriculture in the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Development
Mr Nicholas Mumba at a Lusaka hotel.

He said the need to reduce the wastage was a paramount issue because of the
vagaries of the weather in the savannah region.

The week-long meeting is to review cooperative programmes in rural areas re~
lated to agricultural production.

Mr Mumba deplored the current trend in the country where more emphasis was
laid on increasing crop production without much care for its storage and hand-
ling after harvest.

The maximum yield was greately reduced because of such lack of proper storage
facilities.

"Up to now, most attention and inputs have been given to increased crop pro-
duction through soil surveys, use of fertilisers and improved seed varieties.
Little emphasis has been given to storage and handling after harvest.

"Better breeds of animals and better feeds have been given a great deal of at-
tention while less attention has been given to improved animal houses."

Higher yielding crops required more and better storage and other facilities to
curb wastage.

136



COPWE REPRESENTATIVES STRESS HEAVY RESPONSIBILITIES OF OFFICE-BEARERS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 22 May 82 pp 1, 5

{Text}

ADDIS ABABA (ENA) — The
‘Addis Ababa ketena (zone) COPWE
representatives yesterday reminded
newly elected office-bearers of trade
unions of their responsibilities to live
up to expectation and of leading wor-
kers on the proper and accurate path.

The ketena (zone) COPWE repre-
sentatives reminded the office-bearers
of their responsibilities while closing
the ketena trade union meetings here.

Comrade Gessit Techane, COPWE
representative of ketena three, out-
lined the victories scored through the
revolutionary process and the challen-
ge ahead of workers so that the ulti-
mate objective of the revolution would
be achieved. He noted that trade
unions play an important role at this
transitional moment when the coun-
try is striving towards the construc
tion of socialism,

Comrade Gessit stressed in particu-
lar the part that workers have to play
in stepping up economic construction
for which members of trade unions

have to array themselves for the exer-

eise of their rights and for the attain-

ment of socialiam.
Pointing out that the election from
the plant to the ketena trade union

24

level |has been accomplished success-
fully in ketena three, Comrade Gessit
emphasised the high concentration of
workers within the ketena and: conse-
quently the heavy responsibi ities en-
trusted on the office-bearers.

Comrade Gessit assured the office.
bearers of the trade unions of the
support of COPWE's office in keteng
three by giving ideological, political
and organisational guidance.

Also speaking at the closing cere-
mony of the ketena four trade union
meeting, Comrade Aklilu Zerihun,
COPWE representative of ketena four,
said that the election withia the kete-
na had been carried out democratically
and that the effective participation of
workers demonstrates their determina.
tion to strengthen and further consoli-
date the revolution. :

Messages of support were voiced at
the meetings by representatives of
Urban Dwellers’ Associations and the
Revolutionary: Ethiopia Youth and
‘Women's Associations

Meanwhile, the task of reorganiz-
ing trade, unions at the regional level
will be carried out beginning May 23
the AETU/AEPA Election Execution

ETHIOPIA



BUTHELEZI COMMISSION FINDINGS PRAISED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 3

[Text]

THE findings of the’
multi-racial Buthelezi
Commission © should
serve as a consitutional
model not only for Na-
tal, but for the whole of
South Africa, Mr Peter
Soal, senior. vice-chair-
man of.- the. Southern
Transvaal region of the
Progressive Federal
Party said yesterday.”

He told a meeting of.
the Benoni branch of”
the PFP the Buthelezi+
commission had gone
out of its way to ensure
that all groups in South ©
Africa were represen-*
ted in its deliberations.

“The President's °
‘Council, however, speci-
fically excluded any
Black person from sit-
ting on it.

“In excluding Blacks
in its report, the Presi-
dent’s Council has not
contributed in arly way
to solving the conflict
situation that is devel-
oping in South Africa,”
Mr Soal said. +

The PFP had thus
given. its support to the
Buthelezi commission
and had reserved judg-
ment on the President's
Council proposals.
> We all owe Chief

Gatsha Buthelezi,
(Chief Minister of Kwa-'

cso: 4700/1331

93

Zulu) a tremendous
debt of gratitude for
having brought the Bu-
thelezi commission into
being,” Mr Soal said.

Instead of “playing to
the Black gallery’ by
demanding one-man
orie-vote, Chief Buthe-
lezi had “offered the
hand of reconciliation
in a genuine search for
peace by appointing a
multiracial commission
consisting of the widest
possible cross-section
of interest groups so
that all points of view
could be canvassed in
searching for a consti-
tutional solution to our’
problems.”

He criticised the Nat-
ional Party for having
not only refused to
serve on the commis-
sion ‘but to their eter-
nal shame, for summar-
ily . rejecting the
findings out of hand.”

Mr Soal said that by
excluding Blacks from
their proposals, the
President’s Council was
attempting to impose a
constitutional system
on Blacks that the
“vast majority” has re-,
jected:

“This can only lead to
further polarization,”
he said.

SOUTH AFRICA


PROBLEM OF SQUATTERS HAS REACHED. 'ALARMING PROPORTIONS'

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 25 May 82 pl

[Text]

CHIEF squatter resettle-
ment controller Mr Aram
Mulenga has aj pealed to
district councils to help
reduce the number of:
squatter townships by

lanning effective. hous-
ing programmes.

Mr Mulenga,: who has just
returned trom a two-week tour
of the North-Western Pro-
vince, said in Ndola yesterday
the problem of squatters in
Zambia had reached alarming
proportions and could get out
of hand if it was not checked. ;

“District councils have a
duty to look into this problem.”
of planning for the people. I
know there is a shortage of
money in the country but they
have to do something other-
wise the situation will get out
of hand.”*

Since the President gave the
directive to control the move-
ment of people from rural to
the urban areas seven years ago
very little had been done and °
squatter compounds had
sprung up throughout the
country, he said. .

Mr Mulenga said there was~
little his section could do about
it because of staff problems.
He called for collective efforts :

to solve the problem. .
‘He’ said illegal immigranté”

CSO: 4700/1334

135

sought refuge among squatters
making the job of immigra-
tion and police officers dif-
ficult,

Mr Mulenga appealed to
Party leaders to assist by seeing
that aliens did not settle in
their sections and branches.

_In the North-Western Pro-
wince big squatter townships
were established near the
bomas. Some of them had
resulted from some employer's.
failure to provide accommo-
dation for their workers.

He cited an example of Zam-
bia township in Solwezi which
is within the town and near the
town’s airport, and the site for_
the planned Za
Technology college which is a
squatter area.

“Most of the chiefs are now’

remaining without people to
rule because of the rural to
urban drift-""

jt was difficult to remove'the
people from these areas be-
cause it would’ cause another
problem. What was required
was for the district councils to
effectively plan the housing of
the people.

Squatter areas had no’
schools or water and they were

‘a health hazard" and a danger

to the security of the residents.
If nothing was done about
them, they would be turned
into ‘‘states’’ of their own.

ZAMBIA


Old and New System
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p it
[article: "Thus thé*Old and the New Systems Differ" ]

[Text] The government structure of South Africa will look drastically differ-
ent if the proposals made by two Presidential Council committees relative to

a new constitutional distribution are accepted by the government. The existing
system and how it may look in the future are explained below.

State President

He is currently designated by an electoral college consisting of (white) mem-
bers of the House of Assembly. He appoints members of the cabinet and deputy
ministers on recommendation of the prime minister. In his executive role, the
state president also acts upon recommendation of the cabinet.

In the future, the president could be invested with wide executive powers,
Because participation by coloreds and Indians in the government is considered
desirable, the president will have to rise above sectional interests and he
will be elected indirectly by white, colored and Indian members of the legis-
lative branch. He will appoint the prime minister and, after consultation
with him, the members of the cabinet. The president will have the power to
dissolve the House of Assembly (the legislative branch).

Prime Minister

Today, the leader of the party which wins a majority in an election is appointed
prime minister by the state president. He recommends the appointment of indi-
viduals from the legislative branch as members of the cabinet to the state
president.

If the Presidential Council proposals are adopted, the prime minister will,

in the future, be appointed by the president. He will in all probability still
be a member of the majority party, but he cannot be a member of the legislative
branch. He will be in charge of administering the country and ofccoordinating
the work of the ministers.

Cabinet

Members of the cabinet are currently appointed by the state president, upon
recommendation of the prime minister, and are members of the House of Assembly.

If the Presidential Council proposals are adopted, the members of the cabinet
will be appointed by the president, after consultation with the prime minister.
Some cabinet members ‘could also be colored. They cannot be members of the 1
House of Assembly. The prime ministers and ministers will always have to steer
their legislation through parliament, but will not have the right to vote
there. Because they will work within the legislative branch, which will also
include coloreds and Indians, they will have to follow a consensus seeking po-

litical style and will have to try to enlist support for their legislation.

86°

et



The "Cavaqueiros" stress that only the electrification of the Cavaco Valley
will solve the problems of combustion and oil-powered equipment. The

seed problem also merits an adequate response from appropriate organizations.
The Cavaco Valley production is ever dependent on the seeds supplied by
ENCOPIDA [National Company for the Purchase and Distribution of Agricultural
Products]. This system is not working very satisfactorily.

In the near future, if the problems of seeds, irrigation, transportation
and agricultural equipment are partially solved, the Cavaco Valley will
contribute significantly to supplying the people with basic foodstuffs.

Aid to Private Farmers Urged
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 29 Apr 82 p 4
[Article by David Eduardo]

[Excerpts] During our stay in Benguela, we went to the property of a
private-sector farmer to hear his concerns since they come from long
experience working the fields and can in no way be ignored.

.We went to the farm of Albertino de Oliveira, a Portuguese "Cavaqueiro,"
known for producing one of the best onion crops in Cavaco.

Albertino de Oliveira has a 55-hectare farm which employs 80 peasants.
Each year, he turns over to the state, via ENCODIPA, 5 million kwanzas.
Let us mention that private-sector farmers are obliged to sell 50 percent
of their crop to ENCODIPA and the remainder as they wish.

Like other farmers we contacted, Albertino de Oliveira disagreed with
the prices paid by ENCODIPA. Onions are purchased from the farmer at
the price of 14 kwanzas per kg. The consumer buys them at the official
market for three times as much or more.

The money that ENCODIPA pays for x number of tons of onions will not pay
the daily wage of those harvesting them. Thus, the private-sector farmer
makes his living on the other 50 percent which he sells to whomever comes.

Some of the greatest difficulties for this farmer are the shortage of
transportation facilities to market the crops, the tractor shortage and
the maintenance of water storage machinery.

The situation is gloomy this year. The harvest will not be the amount
desired because of constant thefts.

We left Albertino de Oliveira's farm. The workers were engaged in their
daily tasks, watering onions, putting in banana plants and weeding.
Production continues in its many aspects. More assistance must be given to
the private sector in the Cavaco Valley since it will help solve to a
great extent the food supply problems which have a daily impact.

9479
CSO: 4742/308 6



SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY ON NOMINATION OF UNIVERSITY CHANCELLOR

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 6

[Editorial: "Chancellor"]

[Text] The Students' Representative Council of the University of the Witwaters-
rand has endorsed the campaign to have the African National Congress leader,
Nelson Mandela, elected as the university's chancellor.

That's par for the course.

Wits' student leaders have always been involved in actions that run counter to
public feelings, and if the university itself loses support, it is because it
is unfairly tarnished as radical by its SRC.

Nelson Mandela, nominated by four graduates of the university now studying at
York University, in Britain, is not the kind of man to be chancellor--he is

serving a life sentence.

The other two candidates--both excellent--are Mrs Helen Suzman, the PFP Member
of Parliament for Houghton, and Mr Mike Rosholt, chairman of Barlow Rand.

We do not always agree with Mrs Suzman, but we respect her doughty campaign
over the years for human rights and the rule of law.

It would fittingly cap her distinguished career if she were chosen as
chancellor.

COS: 4700/1331

92



ANC LIFERS MOVED

Johannesburg THE

[Text]

CSO:

4700/1331

WITHOUT EXPLANATION

CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 13

FORMER African

Mandela, were mov-
ed to Pollsmoor Pris-
on from Robben Is.
land recently, a
member of the fam-
ily said yesterday. i
Three family

members were al- |
lowed a 30-minute
non-contact meeting
with Mr Sisulu (70) |
‘at Pollsmoor Prison |
yesterday.

Released

Mr Zwelakhe Sisu- »
lu, who was recently
‘released after
ing 251 days in de-
tention, his wife,
a, and their
two-year-old son
Moyllewa-Zwelethu
were given special
permission to fly to
Cape Town for two

‘meetings over

long weekend. +

It was the first
time that they had
visited Mr Sisulu to-
gether. Mrs Sisulu
said that none of the
life prisoners who

97

were moved to Pol-
Ismoor Prison two
months ago after
spending 20 years on
Robben Island knew
they had been
transferred. |<
She said that

‘ family learnt for the

first’ time at the
weekend her
father-in-law had
undergone an opera-
tion earlier this
year,

. Restrict

Mr Sisulu_ dis-
-dosed to his family
that a cyst from one
of his kidneys had
been removed and he
was due for another
operation because or
@ prostate problem.

Mrs Sisulu, a Bar-'
agwanath radiogra-
pher, said that she
and her husband had
been told to restrict
their conversation

SOUTH AFRICA



MINERAL WEALTH TO BE EXPLOITED

Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 10 Apr 82 p 33

[Article by M. Mbaziira]

[Text]

A MAJOR post liberation plan
by the Ministry of Lands,’
Minerals and Water tesources
is to develop Uganda's mineral
industry into the third foreign
exchange earner. The Ministry
alsovaims at rehabilitating the
water system. |
Kilembe_ mines ‘has great.
potential. Before the coup in’
1971 Uganda’s copper was a’
third foreign .exchango earner,
But during the economic
mismanagement of Amin's re-'
gime, the industry, faced a
decline; because the ‘govern-
ment did not allocate funds to
buy spares and the qualified
Feople fled the country. .
“ To rehabilitate the mines a
feasibility study sponsored by
the European Investment Bank
(EIB) is rinderway to devise
means of rehabilitating it. In
this line qualified persqnnel
and necessary equipment are
all in the pigeline for the mines.
_ While presently, the govern-
ment has been meeting the’
costs of ninning the minos,'
the long-term objectives are for
the mines to be self-reliant. it
is further envisaged that exp-
loitation of the underground
mineral will be fully realised,

CsO: 4700/1340

re designed tp mect urgont
Qomanitarian and socket needs.
The projects will include ré-
habilltation f water supphes
‘and sewe! system.

" A number of boreholes have
been constructed in some parts
jwith the’ assistance of the
| country sore foreign organisa-

: ‘tions like the European Eco,

‘nomic. Community (EEC),
| UNICEF, and ‘UNDP. ‘-
|_,T@. rehabilitate the Gaba
| Water. ‘Works which supplies
the city with water, the govern-
jment has already requested
|foreign firms to do so and
ithe work is almost complete.
_, Because of the urgency: of
‘improved water supply for the
Crown Agents who provide
‘consultancy and tho tochnical
expertise were simply flown in.
They carried out the repairs
and provided new machinery.
The EEC has been footing the

113

UGANDA

bill. The water level-for Ka-
mpala had fallen to only one
million gallons a day from the.
installed capacity of about 14
gallons, :

The EEC has spent about 2
‘million US dollars over the
past years on new machinery
‘and on servicing and repairing
some of tke old pumps in
West Germany.

Gcnerally, if the programmes
go on as planned, literation
will mean more to a common
man, not only because rehabili- |
‘tated industry will meot the!
‘growing nceds for more jobs’
but it will also improve the
gencral standard of living by!
providing the needed services.'



CDA SPELLS OUT ITS POLICY

Windhoek THE WINDHOEK ADVERTISER in English 26 May 82 p 4

{Text ]
THE newly-formed
Christian Democratic’

Action for Social Justice
(CDA) led by Owambo
Executive Chairman Mr
Peter Kalangula is
preparing for a possible
early election in
Namibia.

Addressing a news con-
ference in Windhoek this
week, Mr Kalangula said
his party would participate
in any national election
whether it achieved only
limited outside recognition
oF not.

“We will not be excluded
from any election even
with limited recognition,
but it remains our desire to
negotiate ‘for a full and
final settlement”, he said.

Explaining ‘his party’s
standpoint Mr Kalangula
said-the CDA would take
part in any election
“because it might lead to
something to be used.”

He added that the DTA
had exploited the Owambo
vote in the 1978 elections
in which the Alliance swept
to power in the National
Assembly promulgated
with legislative powers
shortly afterwards.

“The DTA no longer”

represents the people of
Owambo. The DTA no
longer .has .the right to

speak ‘iri the name of the:
people of Owambo. Con-
sidering that the Owambo
people are half the popula-
tion of Namibia the DTA.
can no ‘longer. speak,
negotiate, agree or disagree
‘on behalf of at least half of
the people of Namibia”,
Mr Kalangula said.

Although only an elec-
tion in Owambo. would
prove which party had the
strongest support, Mr
Kalangula said it should
now be taken into account
that 51 of the 58 members
of the Owambo Legislative
Assembly no longer sup-
ported the DTA.

These. leaders - had
played a “tremendous”
réle during the’ 1978 elec-
tion, in winning the
Owambo vote for the Al-
jiance, according to Mr
Kalangula.

He continued: “We do
not believe that an in-
formed person who really
knows the conditions in
Owambo and has followed
the latest events closely, is
still prepared to argue the
point whether the DTA has
the majority support.

“On account of the at-
tendences of _ recent
meetings in Owambo I can

. Safely say that the vast ma-

jority of the people of
Owambo, whether they are
CDA or belong to any

60

other party, are once and
for all through with: this
ethnic division of the DTA.
“I hope that the finan-
cial, business agricultural
sectors of our community
and all those who concern
themselves with _—the
Namibia question should
take note”, he added.

JUSTICE

The CDA was going to
do “full justice” to the dif-
ferent cultural = and
language groups “when we
are the government, by es-
tablishing a ministry of
cultural co-operation andTM
understanding. The CDA
stood for English as the of-
ficial language in Namibia,
Mr Kalangula said.

Asked on the progress in
the CDA’s negotiations
with Mr Justus Garoéb’s
ruling Damara Council on
the second tier, Mr Werner
Neef, a leading party of-

hesitancy of becoming one
party” was encountered by
the CDA.

Mr Neef went on to say
that a stage had been
reached in the negotiations
_where “we are close to the
limits of our patience
because things can happen
very quickly in this
country and we must get
ready.”

NAMIBIA

- He was referring to the
prospects for an election at
short notice.

Mr Neef continued by
saying that the CDA
would present its constitu-
tion which was almost
finalised, to the’ people
throughout the country,
rather than devote all its ef-
forts at negotiating
mergers with other leaders.

Mr Kalangula explained
his retention of the Chair-
manship of the Owambo
ethnic Administration
alongside his rejection of
ethnic government, for
“practical and necessary
reasons”

BASE

“This is a base from
which to operate”, he said.
He said the. retention of
the Owambo Administra-
.tion was necessary to keep
ithe gains the OWambo peo-

“ple“had achieved so far.
Mr Neef added the CDA
would not support a
political step backwards by
joining other parties such
as Aktur in calling for the
disbandment of all ethnic
authorities and placing full
powers back with the AG.
The CDA stood for a
strong central Namibian



In the face of all these achievements, the president of the CMS stressed the
importance of concentrating on maintenance. For it does no good to build
roads if they cannot be properly maintained.

In the telecommunications field, President Kountche noted the automation
of our domestic and foreign telephone network and our television coverage.

All these works have been excessively costly for our country, and this is
why Col Seyni Kountche was anxious to squarely confront the executives with
their responsibilities for maintaining this jewel which has been placed

at their disposal.

So that this important work of consolidating our assets will proceed
successfully, the head of state called the attention of the participants

in the conference of cadres to the need to restructure our various services,
to bring in new blood in certain areas of leadership and to provide greater
vitality to certain services by placing them under the charge of young
people with a sense of responsibility and patriotism. The CMS's concern,
he recalled, has always been to instill a sense of responsibility in the
young.

Then calling to mind the national and international economic situation,
the head of state said that the construction sector has undergone some
slowdown in our country. This will certainly make problems for small and
medium-sized businesses. A study will be made of the situation of these
businesses so that they can continue their activities and avoid massive
worker layoffs. Nonetheless, we have to show realism and wisdom.

As for large businesses, the problem does not exist because they have
projects to complete, such as the SONARA, BDRN and CNSS apartment buildings,
etc. At any rate, the head of state concluded, the pause does not mean a
complete halt.

Still speaking of the economic situation, the president of the CMS dwelt
on the situation of the departments of Zinder, Marddi, Diffa and Tahoua,
which are experiencing a difficult period with the measures taken by the
Nigerian authorities to deal with the economic difficulties this country
is going through. President Kountche expressed the desire to see the
merchants in these departments organize to deal with this situation.

Speaking about working the land and the measure he announced on 14 April-~
that is, freeing Saturday morning for civil servants to engage in rural
work, President Kountche noted the great importance we give to food
self-sufficiency. We must produce and help our farmer parents to produce
more, he emphasized.

Taking up the security question, the head of state, Col Seyni Kountche,
stressed the fact that since 1979 our country's security has ceased to be
a topic for discussion because of the fear of displeasing certain people.
Once again, he added, we can be sure that we are not making a mistake by
insisting on security. The facts are there. In this light, President

66



POLITICAL COMMITTEE OF TREATY MEMBERS LAUD ASMARA MANIFESTO

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 11 May 82 pp 1-2, 8

[Text]

“ADDIS ABABA (ENA) — The.

Political Committee of the Tripartite
Treaty of Friendship and Coopera-
tion between Democratic Yemen, So-
cialist Ethiopia and the Libyan Arab
Jamahiriya has declared “full support

for Socialist Ethiopia's efforts to

safeguard its independence, unity and
territorial integrity.” _

In ‘a communique simultaneously
issued here, in Aden and Tripoli Sun-
day the first ordinary session of the
Forcign. Ministers of the three coun-
ties; expressed _ unreserved support to
the” "piirpoas' ‘and “objective of _the:
Asmara Manifesto, ~

It is to be recalled that an Ethio-
pian delegation led by Comrade Fele-
ke Gedle-Giorgis, Minister of Foreign
Affairs and COPWE Central Com-
mittee member, was in Aden May 6-8
to attend’ the First Ordinary Session
which assessed the implementations
of the Tripartite Treaty to date.

The three-day session covered wide-
ranging subjects pertinent to rela-
tions of the three countries and issues
affecting the sovereignty, revolution
and stability of the three countries
noting as it did’ with satisfaction the
accomplishments so far. The Com-

mittee atthe same time was unani-
mously agreed on. the need for the
adoption-of measures ensuring fur-
ther consolidation and coordination of
joint activities,

In a review of the situation in this
region, the Political Committee noted
the intensification of conspiracies and
provocative moves by imperialism and
its zionist and reactionary Jackeys
threatening progressive states and for-
ces in this part of the world’in parti-
cular. The committee condemned
the various designs of imperialism.

The Committee has also reviewed
perticularly East Africa and Latin
America,
4_Following is the full text of the
communique:

“The Political Committee of the
Treaty of Friendship and Coopera-
tion between the People’s Democratic
Republic ‘of Yemen, Socialist , Ethio-
pia and the Socialist People’s Libyan
Arab Jamahiriya held its first ordin-
ary session in Aden from 6-8 May
1982.

The respective delegations were
led by:-

— Comrade Salem Saleh Mohan
med, Member of the Central

ETHIOPIA



4700/1331

HNP LEADER DENOUNCES POWER-SHARING

A FORMER Bhodesian

army officer was given a

standing ovation by a

crowd of more than 1 000.
extreme right wingers in -
Pretoria yesterday when

he called for closer ties.-
between conservative *
English speakers and

Afrikaans speaking

South Africans.

~ Mr Owen Parvis, of

Durban, charged the

South African Govern-

ment:: with’ moving

against Biblical ‘history
— which decreed that

there would be separate

nations to the end of*
time — with its moves:

towards multiracialism.

“The same pattern of
moves that Ied to the
downfall of Rhodesia,”
he said. ~

The leader of the Her-'
stigte. Nasionale Party,
Mr Jaap Marais, told the.
meeting — held in the
shade of the old voor
trekker’ “ wonderboom
tree outside Pretoria —
that the President's
Council proposals were
only the “thin end of the
wedge leading to one
man one vote and Black
domination”.

He said it was sad and
tragic that a South Afri-
can Government which
had worked constitu-
tionally over. the. years,

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 1 Jun 82 p 3

for the establishment of
a White Government
should now be reversing
the trend.

The South African
Government was now
embarked on the same
‘pattern that had led to
the downfall democrati-
cally of every other state.
in Africa playing into’
the hands of communi-
sm. :

" “Multiracialism, pure-°
iy and simply, is at the
heart of the proposals
relating to Indians and
Coloureds — and once
they are on the path how’
can you deny the’
Black?”, he asked...

‘The HNP, which had’
organised the Republic .
Day rally, would “fight
to the bitter end to main-
‘tain the present consti
tution”.

But, he said, what was
now going on was mu
more than just a fight
for the constitution — it
was a fight “for our free-
dom and right to be in
this country”. wot

South Africa was now _
in a double fight — mili-
tarily on the borders and
constitutionally against
steps which would lead
to a takeover by the
Black masses and the
end of democratic gov-
ernment. _ .

SOUTH AFRICA


WEEKLY WRAPUP OF NON-ENGLISH PRESS

Addis Ababa THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD in English 16 May 82 p 3

[Article by Dereje Balcha in colum "Views, Comments, Opinions")

[Text]

The need - for the closely-knit acti-
vities of trade unions and their man-
‘agement was given a prominent place
in an article featured by Serto Ader,
organ of the Central Committee of
COPWE. The article-started with an
emphasis on the role trade unions
play in realizing and safeguarding
the political, social and economic: in-
terests of workers. Accordingly, the arti-
cle outlined the nature’ of the activi-
ties of trade unions under the various
social systems, ‘and subsequently un-
der the socialist system.

‘In this connection, the article poin-
ted out the role played by trade unions
in the efforts towards the maximiza-
tion of production and building socia-
list production relations. The article
-noted, the activities of trade unions
in close collaboration with the man-
agement in every field of endeavour,
imcluding the forwarding of proposals
in economic and social development
planning. Similarly, the article under-

16

‘ined the role jointly played by trade
unions and the management in realiz-
img the implementation of develop-
ment plans by way of exercising
socialist emulation ‘among workers.
The article made note of the rela-
tions between trade unions and the
management in pre-revolution feudo-
bourgeois Ethiopia, and the weakness-
es in those relations. As regards the
situation since the upsurge of the

popular revolution and the nationali--

zation of the major means of produc-
tion and distribution in particular, the
article pointed out that conducive
conditions have been created for the
realization of concerted efforts of trade
unions and the management.

The article further noted that it is
too early to say that all impediments
have been cleared, and that there is

much to be done on the part of the”

concerned bodies to solve all problems
whenever and wherever they arise.
Finally, the article pointed ont the

ETHIOPIA



The two ships will be named "N'Guri" and "Rio Lugenda" respectively. The
name."N'Guri".is linked to:the lake of the same. name where a.rice growing
developmental. projectis being implemented. . It.is located in‘ the Macomia
district, Cabo: Delgado: Province.

The captain and another Mozambican:officer: have been.in.Spain for’several

days. .Additional:Mozambican sailors .will-leave Maputo next week to join
. them.

9479
cso: 4742/310 .

45



SOUTH AFRICA

GADD RAPPED FOR REMARKS ABOUT COUP
Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 3
[Reports by Keith Abendroth]

[Text] him into an animal”.

A Progressive Feder-
al Party Opposition
provincial councillor:
~was yesterday
rapped. after he
claimed in the Prov-
incial Council that
the Government
would stage a coup
or “call out the
army” if there were;
ever any danger of
the ~<Conservative

councillor for Yeoville,
was obliged to with-
draw the remark —
which occasiuned con-
siderable heckling and
shouts of scorn — after
the chairman, Mr BD T
Boshoff had ruled it to
be unparliamentary.
Mr Gadd spoke under.
a constant barrage of-
heckling which reached”
a peak when he made
is statement, claiming.
that although the Con-
servative Party would
grow from ‘strength to
strength it would never
have any chance of get-
ting control of the Gov-
ernment through the

polls.

He told National Par-*
ty members that they
had a bad record of ma-
ligning former Nat-
ionalists once they had

4700/1331

left the Nationalist

A good example was’

the leader of the CP, Dr
Andries Treurnicht,
whom he (Mr Gadd)
had always regarded as
“an honourable man
and a true Afrikaner”.

He said: “I have al-
ways believed that and
have never changed my
mind — although some
of you in the Govern-
ment Benches clearly
have.”

Another man who
had been lauded one
day and broken down
the next — largely’
through the machi-
nations of Foreign Af-
fairs Minister Pik Bo-
tha — was Dr Connie
Mulder.

Difter
Malice “marked ' at
tacks ‘by one-time col-
leagues on defectors
from the-party and he
would certainly never
lower himself to the le-
vel to which some-Nat~
ionalist- MPCs had gone
to inthe debate.
Speaking in the Bud-
get debate, Mr Gadd
said that a man had the
right to differ “and. be~
cause he changes his
mind this doesn’t turn

90

Only last August the
Nationalist provincial
councillors had passed
a motion of full confi-
dence in the Transvaal
Nationalist party and.

its then leader “none
other than Dr No” (Dr

_Treurnicht), he said.

Warned

Yet the “governing
benchers had been war-
ned already then that :
there were differences
‘between the Prime Min-
ister and -Dr. Treur- }
nicht, and that there
was real friction be-
tween them.

At that stage Nat-*
ionalist MPCs had in.
terjected “no friction”
when the warning was
sounded in the house.

Mr Gadd said he was

amused to see a former. ,
Nationalist in the
House — now a Conser-
vative Party MPC —
screaming about the SA
Broadcasting Corpora-
tion conditioning the
populace to the State
President’s Council pro-
posals.
“This is the sort of
‘thing we have been
complaining about for
years,” he said.



are frustrating “to the ‘treacherous
bandits. For the objectives of the Red
Star Campaign to bear fruits, the
masses of the region should be on the
alert, heighten their awareness and
safeguard the gains of the Revolution,
Barisa concluded.

Highlighting the prospect of the
growth and development of Amharic
into a tool for the spread of science
and technology was a front page news
report carried by the Amharic weekly
Yezareitu Ethiopia, The report un-
derlined the decisive role national
languages play im the spread of
science and technology among the
masses, particularly in developing
countries like Ethiopia where a large
percentage of the population cannot
afford to go to schools to acquire for-
mal education, ;

- The report continued to outline the
steps taken by the National Academy
of Languages with the view to coin-
ing scientifie and technological terms
in Ambaric. The report which cited-
its source as a bulletin published by
the National Academy of Languages
underlined the activities of the Aca
demy in laying the foundation to
spread science and technology among

cso: 4700/1345

28


ZAMBIA

WORLD BANK ISSUES RELEASE ON NATION'S ENERGY DEVELOPMENT LOAN
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 26 May 82 p 7

[Text] If the search for hydrocarbons in Zambia is successful, the project
will contribute to meeting the country's petroleum needs form domestic sources.

This is contained in a World Bank Press release on the recently secured loan
by Zambia which will be spent on developing the energy sector.

With the help of consultants to be provided with bank assistance, the Geolog-
ical Survey Department of the Ministry of Mines will conduct geophysical sur-
veys and interpret the geological data.

The project will also provide technical assistance for exploration consultants
to help establish a petroleum unit in the Geological Survey Department. It
will also provide legal consultants to draft petroleum legislation, prepare
model exploration production agreements, and assist the government in negoti-
ating with oil companies.

It will provide for the training of Zambian staff in petroleum geology and in-
terpretation of geophysical surveys and equipment including vehicles, lab and
office equipment.

On the refinery modification engineering project, the statement says that the
Indeni Refinery, which will benefit from the loan, came on stream in April,
1973 and has a capacity of 25,000 barrels per stream day or about 1.1 million
tonnes a year.

It is designed to process Arabian light crude oil with the flexibility of
spiking (mixing) the crude feed with Naphtha, Kerosene and diesel oil to 25
per cent of the feed.

The spiking of expensive refined products is now approaching technically un-
acceptable levels, raising the economic cost of petroleum products to the
country.

The refinery modification will thus provide engineering services to determine
the most appropriate process for ensuring the refinery's ability to meet the
demands of the market.

The project will also take into account Zambia's potential for using excess
capacity in the refinery to meet the requirements of neighbours.

128
csO: 4700/1334


Committce of the Yemeni So
cialist Party and Minister of
Foreign Affairs of the People’s
Democratic Republic of Yemen.
— Comrade Dr. Feleke Gedle Gior-
gis, Minister of Foreign Affairs
.of Socialist Ethiopia and COPWE
_ Central Committee member.
—_ Brother Abdulahi Al-Obeidi, See-
~“yelary of the People’s Committee
of the People’s Foreign Liaison
Bureau of the Socialist People’s
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

In the course of the session, the
three delegations were received in
audience by Comrade Ali Nasser Mo-
hammed, Secretary General of the
“Yemeni Socialist Party, Chairman of
the Presidium, of the Supreme Peo.
ple’s Council, Prime Minister. of the.
People’s Democratic . Republic . of
Yemen and briefed’him on the pro-
gress made so far. Comrade Ali Nas-
ser gave guidance to ensure the suc-
cess of the work of the Committee.

The Political Committee made a
comprehensive assessment of its-work
and that of the other committees
established by the Treaty.

The Committee noted with . pro-
found satisfaction the progress made
ofa number of. practical measures
to ensure the consolidation and de-'
Yelopment of. coordination and. joint

rent international situation whh par-
the Light of developmenti that follow.
ed its first.extraordinary session held
in Addis Abeba last November, . It

dioniem ind ieattionary regimes in’
the region, has intensified its attack
and conspiracies against’ progressivg
states and forces through ‘economic
pressures, muscle flexing manoeuvres,
subversion and sabotage, aimed at
undermining security and stability of
the region. The aim of this imperialist
machination {s to strengthen and per-
petuate its military end political do-
mination over, the states and peoples
of the region, mS r

Tlie Committee underscored. that
the practical response to the vicious
imperielist, racist and zionist designs
lies in the implementation of mea-
sures in favour of the broad masses
at the national Jevel and the: foster-
ing of further coopération and co-
ordination “améng theniselves and
closer rélations with other progressive
forces, national liberation movements
iin the region and the socialist com-
munity.

‘The Committee noted that imperi-
alfsni, spearheaded by the present US
administration, continues to strive for
the creation of axis and hot-beds of
tension-iu all corners of, the globe,
step up the arms race and set up in-
terventionist forces, build and expand
military bases and pursue a policy of
provocation and aggression thereby
threatening international peace and
security. The sole purpose of all these
is to regain its lost domination and
perpetuation of its plunder of the na-
tural resources of the peoples of the-
world.

The Committee also reviewed spe-
cifie developments in the Middle East,
‘Africa and other regions of the world.

With regard to the Middle Fast,
the Committee expressed grave con-
cern at the escalation of Israeli ag-
gression against the Palestinian re-
sistance, the Lebanese National Move-
ment and the barbaric attacks agains;

12


the . consolation ‘that the
current maximum effective
marginal rates of tax in SA
are 46,2 and 52,5 percent
for companies and in-
dividuals, compared with
the significantly lower 42
and 42,9 percent in SWA
after the new surcharges.

Total shortfall before
loans according to the new
Budget is R209 m or 15,8.
percent of the GDP, Mr
Mudge pointed out.

That of course is taking
the shortfall. after SA’s

R200m grant has been ad- -

ded to revenue.

DOUBLES

Without that grant the
shortfall before loans dou-
bles to R410 m.

This raised the percen-
tage to 33,4. .

“There needn’t be any
fear at present that SWA
public debt getting out. of
hand”, Mr Mudge assured,
however.

He compared the Ter
ritory’s: accumulated debt
on March 31 this year of
19,7 percent of GDP with
SA’s corresponding 33 per-
cent. :

Mr Mudge then
described Namibia’s grow-
ing public debt since 1979
in terms. of public. expen-
diture from borrowed
funds.

These had increased
from R35 m in.1979/80 to
‘R170 m the next year and
then to R180 m for the
current year as estimated
in the latest Budget. _

The table alongside
shows the worsening state
of Namibia’s public financ-
ing arrangements. It es-
timates that Namibia is in-
creasing its national debt
as a proportion of GDP”
twice as fast as the growth
iin the GDP. itself.

cso: 4700/1346

NAMIBIA’S WORSENING FINANCIAL DIL-

LEMMA — FROM 1981/2 TO 1982/3.
(Figures for the previous budget year in brackets)

Budget total (Rm)
Own Revenue (%)
Shortfall (Rm)
SA Grants (%)

” Loans Expended (Rm)

Loans (%)

GDP Previous Year (Rb)
Loans % of GDP

Shortfall % GDP.

% Growth GDP

% Growth National Debt —
as % of GDP

870
54,7
410
238
180
214
135
133
30,4
148
3,75

(888)
(57,8)
(374)
(28,6)
(170)
(19,1)
(1,33)
(12,8)
(28,2)

56



CSO:

4700/1334

These measures would  af-
fect every employee. :‘‘When
it comes to making sacrifices
or contributions there will be
no excepticns. Everybody in.
the~ company: will carry his
share of the burden.””.

Mr Kaunda said the success
of some of these measures
would depend on the co-
operation the mining industry
received from other sectors of
the ‘economy such as the
railway and road , transport
systems.

He warned: ‘‘Unless they
operate smoothly, we cannot
get our metals to customers in
time or in quantities to earn
us maximum returns.

“In a way, what we are
embarking upon must be view-
ed not just as a solitary at-
tempt by ZCCM. The other
sectors of the economy,
including suppliers to the
mining industry, must play
their part."”

The ZCCM chief said in
line with the company’s
standard practice, it was
keeping the mine Workers
Unton of Zambia (MUZ) fully
informed of the new measures.

MUZ was a_vital and in-
tegral part of the’ industry
and had an important role to
play in the implementation of
these measures.

‘He expressed the hope that
these measures would enable
ZCCM to pull through the
difficult times ahead and face
the future with more con-

fidence.
The exercise would be under
constant. review. . ‘‘Should

there be any deterioration, I
shall not hesitate to take
further remedial actions,"’ he.
said, ewe

125



UGANDA

THREE OPPOSITION MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT LOSE SEATS
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2897, 14 May 82 p 20

[Text] Kampala, May 14--Three opposition Members of Parliament have lost
their seats under a resolution passed in the House demanding regular
attendance.

The new law ousts all MPs who do not take an oath of allegiance within the
first 30 sittings of a new Parliament or who fail to attend 30 consecutive
sittings of the House without the Speaker's permission.

The resolution was passed on Wednesday against stiff objections from the
Democratic Party, the main opposition party. The law was made retroactive
to the last general elections held in December 1980.

Unseated was the sole MP from the Uganda Patriotic Front, Charles Kiyonga,
who has never beeen sworn and is believed to have gone into exile a few days
after the elections.

Also unseated were Bernard Buzabo and Pancreas Kaboha, both of the Demo-
cratic Party. They were sworn in soon after the elections but have been
absent for a period longer than the new law allows for.

Another Democratic Party MP, Abu Mayanja, was expected to lose his seat
under the law if he does not attend today's session.

This would leave the opposition with 39 seats in the 140-seat Parliament.
The Uganda People's Congress, the governing party of President Milton Obote,

would therefore have the two-thirds parliamentary majority that would allow
it to change the constitution if it wished. (A.F.P.)

cso: 4700/1342

109



UGANDA

SALT FACTORY GETS NEW MACHINERY
Kampala UGANDA TIMES in English 9 Apr 82 pp 1, 12
[Article by R. Katumba and S. Serwanga]

[Text] Lake Katwe Salt Project will start producing salt by the end of this
year.

The salt factory which opened in 1980 broke down after salt gases had cor-
roded tubes. The product that used to be produced was contained with tube
particles. .

The Minister of Industry, Dr Adonia Tiberondwa, told Parliament during the
current debate on President A. Milton Obote's Communication from the Chair.

He explained that machinery had been dismantled and that proper equipment
which would not be corroded were being fitted.

The Minister said there had been real growth in a number of other industries
after rehabilitation had been effected. "Some industries registered between
10 and 20 per cent growth rate as compared to pre-1981 development," he
added.

Replying to charges by Opposition MPs that the Breweries’ production was not
commensurate with the capacity of the newly-installed bottling line, he said:
"We are planning to increase the capacity of the brewing house to match that
of newly-installed bottling line."

He explained to the House that the establishment of the party branches in
industries did not, in any way, slacken production. "UPC aims at availing
the people with democratic process and it will be done even at the lowest
levels", he added.

On charges which an Opposition MP withdrew after failing to substantiate,
Dr Tiberondwa said: "Not a single shop has been closed in Bushenyi Town
because it belonged to DP supporters. All shopkeepers are still operating
normally."

111



ZAMBIA

Plan To Provide Europe With Electricity Described
(AFRICA AFP, 18 May 82)..... Dee c crew wre nese eesrserveee

Briefs
Public Expenditure Cuts

Directory of Locally Produced Goods Published
(DALLY MATL, 26 May 82). ..ccccccecccccccccccccecescucees

Kaunda Expresses Gratitude for Africare's Contributions
(DAILY MATL, 26 May 82)....cceccccccccccceccecscsesscees

Government Working Out Measures To Minimize Drought
Effects
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 21 May 82).

Zimbabwe Official Laumches Campaign To Determine Number of
Nationals
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 21 May 82)..ccseccccccccccccccccesceees

ZCCM Chairman Announces Measures To Avert Mining Industry
Crisis
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 22 May 82)..cccecceccccceccccccccscseee

Finance Minister Raps IMF for Stiff Conditions
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 May 82).....-ceeceeccceecccecceeeeeeees

World Bank Issues Release on Nation's Energy Development
Loan
(DAILY MAIL, 26 May 82)...ccscceccececcecceccecencencesces

Top Catholic Official Says Milingo Removed for Church Unity
(SUNDAY TIMES, 23 May 82)....... eee e ene eee eee cece eeceene

Controversy Over Introduction of Scientific Socialism
in Schools
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27, 24 May 82)..

Christians Holding Prayers, Fasting
“No Deep-Rooted Clash', Editorial
Mulemba: 'Should Be Left to President’

Secondary School Students Protest 'Poor Diet, Sanitation'
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 27 May 82)...eccceeeccccccccscecnccseene

ZPE Bulletin Notes Decline in Economy Last Year
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 26 May 82).,-...ee06

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Botha Calls for Calm
Capetown DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 May 82 p 11

[artigte: "Constitutional Problem -- Prime Minister Calls for Calm, Unselfish-
ness"

[text | Caledon -- On the evening of the day before yesterday, Prime Minister
P.W. Botha said here that it will be possible to solve the constitutional
problem, which is currently being wrestled with, successfully provided that
everyone remains calm, firm and unselfish, and has faith.

Mr Botha made a short speech when he handed the D.F. Malan medal for merito-
rious service to the National Party of Kaapland to his old friend and collea-
gue, Mc Japie de Villiers, former member of parliament for Caledon.

Mr Botha noted that there should never be a standstill in the national life of
a country. "We can learn the lesson from our past that we are bearers of ci-
vilization and of civilized standards. Thid is not only ours, but we have to
transfer it to those who live next to and around us."

The national convention met in 1908 and struggled with a constitution for 2
years. Next, the struggle was waged until the thirties, when the country be-
came fully self-governing with sovereign independence. Former prime ministers,
such as Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, came on the South African scene and pointed out

a freedom path for the blacks.

A new era with new opportunities and challenges has now dawned.

When people despair about South Africa's future, they should not fall into de-
featism. "I know that sometimes we deny what is happening around us. Look
back and take courage from what we have achieved, and let others share in the
freedom and prosperity which our country has achieved."

The prime minister said that the Creator did not surround us with black people
and coloreds because he wants to destroy us. He has put us here to bring ci-
vilization and a message which is stronger than communism.

"This is not the end of South Africa now. I believe that in the fight we are
waging, conflicts will be unavoidable. However, a new dawn will also come. I
have said in public that I want to devote my life to the improvement of rela-
tions among peoples and to chiseling out a constitutional path for each nation-
al group, which will bring prosperity instead of bloodshed.

Comrade

"This is not the time to quarrel and to put stumbling blocks in the way. Now
is the time to rise up and to live and to know why you are alive," he said
amidst applause.

Mr Botha paid tribute to Mr De Villiers as an excellent friend and comrade, who
remained loyal over the years. Mr De Villiers will always remain an example of

88



GUINEA-BISSAU

REGIONAL PARTY OFFICIALS ANALYZE POLICY DEFICIENCIES
Bissau NO PINTCHA in Portuguese 1 May 82 p 5

[Excerpts] .At the end of a 3-day meeting .with.the committee chairmen and
secretaries for the regional party organization,:Comrade Tiago Aleluia Lopes,
member of .the Politburo and the PAIGC permanent secretariat, noted progress
in dynamizing party activities throughout the country and urged.the leaders
present there to remain united and.work in coordination to achieve greater
efficiency in carrying out tasks. Vasco Cabral of the Politburo and Central
Committee permanent secretary opened the meeting and, while he was out of
the country for the last 2 days, Tiago Aleluia Lopes chaired the proceedings.

The regional political officials.of the party met.in Bissau for 3 days and
decided to draw up a list of. recommendations for the high-level leadership
of the PAIGC to make the political activities of the popular masses more
vital. The meeting was convened by.the Permament Secretariat of the PAIGC
Central Committee, the organization which regional officials complimented
because of its efforts to.restructure party life:in the countryside; at the
same time, they reiterated their.unswerving loyalty to the path and thought
of Amilcar Cabral.

These officials recommended that the high ranking organizations pay more
attention to the regional party structures and that there be constant contact
between them.and the secretary of the central committee. They mentioned the
following needs: .provide the countryside with means of transportation to
allow for the effective growth of party activities, create infrastructures

to give greater party representativity and make the operations of the
secretary of administration and finances professional to guarantee function-
ing of the party administrative apparatus.

Leaders Criticized PAIGC Offensive Abroad

The leaders also mentioned the offensive abroad. They felt that even though
the PAIGC lost much prestige with other friendly parties and foreign organ-
izations, it should not lessen activity in this area. The unfavorable re-
actions about the legality of the 14 November realignment adds to a certain
apprehension some countries have about Amilcar Cabral's PAIGC.

A discussion followed a brief explanation by Comrade Mario Cabral, member of
the Central Committee for Information Matters and Party Propaganda, about the

33



ZAMBIA

DIRECTORY OF LOCALLY PRODUCED GOODS PUBLISHED
Lusaka DAILY MAIL in English 26 May 82 pl

[Excerpt] The long-awaited directory of locally produced goods is finally out,
director of Foreign Trade, Mr Akusensis Daka has said.

Mr Daka said in Lusaka that he hoped the directory would go a long way in pro-
moting Zambian exports on foreign markets.

He said the directory, compiled with the assistance of the European Economic
Community (EEC), would be released for distribution to the public next week.

Before the directory is released, Mr Daka said the Minister of Commerce and
Industry, Mr Remmy Chisupa will first have to look at it.

"We are thinking of arranging an official launching of the directory if possi-
ble", Mr Daka said.

In the past, importers from other countries had found it difficult to identify
what goods they could buy from Zambia because of lack of such information in
the absence of a directory.

Other countries such as Kenya and Zimbabwe have such directories, which are re-
vised from time to time when new products are introduced.

Importers from other countries hoping to buy. goods from here have gone to Zam-
bian missions asking about directories on what Zambia can export only to be
told Zambia did not have any.

It is in view of such a situation that the directory will go a long way in
boosting the country's export promotion drive.

CSO: 4700/1334

120



TRIAL OF ALLEGED ANC TERRORISTS POSTPONED

Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 2 Jun 82 p 9

[Text]

CSO:

4700/1331

THREE alleged African
National Congress ter-
rorists appeared briefly
in the Supreme Court,
Pretoria, yesterday on
charges of high trea-
son. .

The men — Mr Thelle
Simon Mogoerane (23),
Mr Jerry Semano Moso-
loli (25) and Mr Marcus
Thabo Motoung (27) —
are charged with carry-

ing out attacks last.

year on the Orlando,
Moroka and Wonder-
boompoort police sta-
tions as well as with
other acts of sabotage.
These include the at-
tack. on the Capital
Park power station in
Pretoria, where a trans-
former was destroyed,
and the sabotage of the

New Canada railway”

line in Soweto.

Mr’ Mogoerane and
Mr Mosololi pleaded
not guilty to the
charges in the Pretoria
magistrate’s court in
April.

There are also five

95

“alternative _ charges

under Section 2 of the
Terrorism Act, four of
murder, 10 of at-
tempted murder and
one of robbery with ag-

. eravating circum-

stances.

The State also alleges
the three are members
of the banned ANC and
received military train-
ing in Angola, Tanzania
and East Germany be-
tween 1976 and 1979.

Mr Mogoerane then
allegedly returned to
South Africa with other
ANC members and es-
tablished a hiding place
for sympathisers near
Meadowlands.

He and Mr Mosololi
have also been accused
of possessing a large
quantity of arms and
ammunition, including
AK47 assault rifles and
explosives.

The case was post-
poned until August 2 to
allow Mr Motoung to

_ prepare his defence.

SOUTH AFRICA



MALAWI

COUNTRY PRIDES ITSELF ON 'FIRST-CLASS' ARMY
Paris AFRICA AFP in English No 2890, 20 Apr 82 pp 1-2
{Article by Jean-Michel Stoullig]

[Text] Salima, April 18--Despite the tiny size of its army and police force
the southern African state of Malawi appears to have few internal security
problems, mainly due to tight government control of its mass organisations.

At the recent passing-out of 35 officers at Salima, in the centre of the
country, President Kamuzu Banda, obviously proud of the impeccable march-
past he had just witnessed, declared "Our army may be small in relation to
our population but it is a first class army".

It is a fact that this small landlocked country of six million inhabitants
has an army estimated at only just over 3,000 men equipped with a few dozen
light armoured vehicles, a tiny air force of less than 200 men and a "navy"
of four launches on Lake Malawi.

To combat any subversion organised inside or outside the country Mr. Banda's
Government has a police force about the same size as the army, but it relies
equally upon the ruling Malawian Congress Party (MCP) and its related
organisations the Young Pioneers, Women's League and the militia, which are
well established in every community.

Diplomatic circles reckon that these organisations allow the country's
rulers to have effective knowledge of everything that goes on in the towns
and villages, to know the problems and aspirations of the people and to make
known the wishes of the government.

The Young Pioneers, all volunteers, are deemed capable of helping out the
police and party in case of emergency and to act as stewards at demonstra-
tions. But the aim of the organisation is primarily to give practical
training to young people, who then return to their villages with a basic
knowledge of agronomic science to pass on.

The militia has several hundred members who have benefitted from a short
para-military training. They are unarmed.

36