JPRS~SSA-86-073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NG CHURCH URGED TO ACKNOWLEDGE APARTHEID AS SIN
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 22 May 86 p 13

{Article about article published in DIE KERKBODE by Prof Adrio Koenig of the
University of South Africa: "NGK 'Must Recognize That Sin'"; first paragraph
is DIE BURGER introduction]

[Text] Ever since the NG Mission Church asked in 1982 that the NG Church
confess its guilt in apartheid, this has always been the point of discussion
at meetings between the two churches. When the executive church council of
the NG Church declared that it does not feel accountable for this, talks with
the Mission Church reached a deadlock. When the Stellenbosch NG Convocation
acknowledged its guilt for the division in the church and in society, a new
openness between members, a continuation of talks and possibility of
reconciliation came about. In the following article, taken from DIE KERKBODE,
Prof Adrio Koenig of the University of South Africa writes about the question
of whether the NG Church should confess its guilt and of what.

For various reasons, the time has come for the NG Church to acknowledge its
guilt for apartheid in the church and in society, but there are other things
for which it does not have to confess its guilt, writes Prof Adrio Koenig,
professor of systematic theology at the University of South Africa, in DIE
KERKBODE.

Regardless of how one feels about ecclesiastical and political apartheid, it
is clear from history that the NG Church has supported it is many ways.
Ecclesiastical apartheid was moreover established by the NG Church itself and
has been maintained for more than a century now.

The church did this on its own, without any cooperation from the government,
although certainly in agreement with the general feeling and conviction of

many Whites.

However, to demand that we should confess our guilt of this support means that
apartheid must be a sin. Is this the case?

"Our sin is that through apartheid we have violated the central commandment of

love and disregarded a basic fact of the creation (that all men were created
in God's image). We must confess this to God and to man."

56



JPRS+SSA*867073
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA

KAUNDA PRAISES ROLE OF PARASTATALS IN DEVELOPMENT
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 May 86 p 1

[Excerpt]

PRESIDENT Kaunda
has dismissed criticism
against the parastatal
sector in Zambia.

Opening Lubambe Cen-
tre, a Zambia State In-
surance Corporation shop-
ping and residential com-
plex in Kitwe’s Parklands
area yesterday, Dr Kaunda
said the country’s mixed
economy of. private and
Parastatal enterprise had
worked well.

The resuits and achiewe-
ments of the corporation
whose total revenue has
tisen from K48.2 million in

1976 to K217.5 million in
1985, clearly showed that
Parastatals could succeed
and made a major contribu-
tion to development and
economic growth,

“This success is not
always the result of a mono-
Polistic situation but due to
good management and
trained personnel,” Dr
Kaunda said.

He emphasised that the
growth of the insurance sec-
tor vindicated the decision
by the Party and its Govern-
ment in 1970 to nationalise
insurance business,

If insurance business was
allowed to continue being
run by private and intern:
tional companies the profits
which today were being re-

invested by the corporation
would have been externa-
lised.

The President was happy
over the fact that the corpo-
ration has’ continued to
operate efficiently and
viably in the hands of indi-
genous management.

A serious training pro-
gramme embarked upon by
tke corporation had created
an organisation which was
highly respected both local-
ly and internationally.

The President commend-
ed the corporation for in-
vesting its funds into econo-
mically viable projects and
the creation of appreciating
assets like buildings.

Lubambe Centre, built at
a cost of K21] million, will
offer shopping and enter-
tainment facilities and
house more than 100
jfamilies.

The President appealed

for vigilance’ and unity in
ithe country to safeguard
‘property and infrastructure
against attacks from South
Africa.
: “The vicious activities of
‘the enemy are setting Zam-
bia behind in its quest to
build the cconomy and
spread the benefits of
independence to the
people.”

Ihe net assets of the life
division of the corporation
have grown from K49,2
million to K242.5 million in
the past 10 years, corpora-
tion managing director Mr
Saviour Konie said at the
same ceremony.

Mr Konie attributed the
achievement to continued
develonment of the life sales
force, in relation to
numbers and training. and
the introduction of new
types of cover when market
research indicated their
need.

Later Dr Katia toured
Kitwe Central Hospital and
was touched by the conges-
tion of patients in wards.

/12828

CSO: 3400/025

22



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
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transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



The HNP's repatriation idea is likewise a daydream. It is, after all,
unthinkable that the Indians in South Africa will of their own free will want
to go to the poverty of an overpopulated India or that the Indian government
will want to receive them. To use force will put South Africa in the same
category as Uganda under Idi Amin.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/156

65



as the basic issue of the struggle. By discussing apartheid, as the UDF
does, one acknowledges the government's legality, and is only eriticizing
the government for being partial and repressive, and for following a bad
policy. Azapo does not simply want to question the government's policy,
but also the authority of that government. Throughout history the black
man has been governed by the white man without his consent. That has
always been a case of oppression or conquest and the grabbing of land.

Could you explain the differences of opinion between you and ANC/UDF some-
what further? :

Dan Habedi: In fact it is like this: we, Azapo, say that our struggle

is exactly the same type of struggle as was waged in Zimbabwe, a struggle
for the country, against colonialism: that was not a struggle for civil
rights within a certain system, that was a struggle for the possession of
the country and the destruction of a system. ANC comes up with the notion
that it is apartheid against which we are fighting. But apartheid is a
policy. By attacking a government's policy you do not touch the basic
problem of legal authority: who actually is the lawful owner of the land?
You avoid that problem, if you ask for participation in government, if you
ask to be heard, and if you ask for a say in the management of the country:
at the base of all this lies the fact that you concede that the country

is theirs, that it belongs to the ruling parties. The "Freedom Charter,"
signed by ANC, explicitly says: "The country belongs to all who live in
it, black as well as white." That shows that they don't have a problem
with the fact that whites are in power, they do have a problem with the
way those whites govern the country. We say that it is historical deceit
to say that the country can belong to everyone. Historically the country
belongs to the blacks. That is not to say, that we think that whites can
not remain in the country after liberation. We do not deny that they have
lived here for a very long time, but that fact does not erase our history.
That is, more or less, where our difference of opinion lies.

For that matter, it is that difference of. opinion too,. which in the

past caused the break between ANC and PAC. When in 1955 the "Freedom
Charter" was written, some ANC members weren't that happy with the clause
that says that the country belongs to everyone, which in the end lead to
the splitting off of the PAC. Since that time, there is actually only one
wing which conducts the struggle for liberation, and another wing, the
ANC, which conducts a struggle for civil rights.

Contradiction

ANC says that it stands for the one man, one vote principle, don't they?
Wouldn't that take away the power base of white rule?

Dan Habedi: Don't we know that? It is about “one man, one vote," and
about guarantees for minorities and such things simultaneously. Isn't
that a contradiction! They also keep on talking about the different
cultures, thus creating nations within the one nation... When you start
talking about the rights people have to their own culture and so on, then

76



JPRS-SSA-86+073
11 July 1986

NIGERIA

SECURITY MEASURES INTENSIFIED AT JOS AIRPORT
Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN In English 28 May 86 p 13
[Article by Mike Reis]

[Text] MORE security measures are
being taken at the Jos Airport to
guarantee safety of passengers
travelling by air from the airport.

The ‘Nigerian Airport's
Authority Public Relations Of-
ficer, Mr. Felix Inah, told the
New Nigerian that there was a
need to tighten security at the air-

rt in view of recent armed
robbery raid at some airports in
the country:

He said henceforth passengers
movement would be restricted to
the arrival and departure halls
while those travelling must sub-
mit themselves for security
checks before boarding a plane.

He said private vehicles would
no longer be allowed in prohibited
areas of the airport and warned
people in the habit of driving
their private cars to the VIP
longe to desist from such acts.

Mr. Inah said security men
have been posted to strategic
locations at the airport to keep
vigil and flush out undesirable ~
elements.

He appealed to the airport
users to assist the authority by
reporting promptly any
suspicious move around the air-
port.

/12828
Cso: 3400/0421

12



JPRS*SSA~86+073
1) July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW SECURITY MEASURES, BETTER TREATMENT OF DETAINEES PROPOSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 Jun 86 p 8
[Editorial: "Security Measures" ]

{Text] Comprehensive security legislation, which is regarded by the
government as essential to combat the state of unrest more effectively, is
being debated in Parliament this week.

All three houses will give priority to two measures, the Public Security
Amendment Bill and the Internal Security Amendment BI11. ‘The former empowers
the minister of law and order to declare certain areas o be areas of unrest,
where the police will receive wide powers to combat disturbances; the latter
makes provision in its published form for the police to detain certain people
for up to 180 days.

In discussions with members of the Council of Representatives and the Council
of Delegates the minister adopted a flexible approach. Accordingly certain
amendments proposed inter alia by members of those houses are acceptable to
him and will apparently be incorporated in the legislation. Among other
things the courts are given the power to review the declaration of an area of
unrest. Furthermore, detainees will be able to receive visits from family
members, legal representatives and physicians and will be able to make
representations for their release.

The minister's willingness to compromise with members of the two other houses
not only shows the government's desire to place these regulations in the
statute book with the greatest possible measure of support, but is a further
indication of the value of the committee system in Parliament. Reconciliation
on very prickly matters can be accomplished there.

Although some members of Parliament may certainly have hesitations about such
far-reaching measures, there are those among them who have personally
experienced the revolutionary menance to democracy in the shape of bomb and
handgrenade attacks and other forms of intimidation. The latter can testify
how necessary it is that the forces of radicalism be checked, and that it is
unfortunately not always possible to combat such an attack with velvet gloves.

71



JPRS*SSA=86-073
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA

FINLAND DONATES TRUCKS, SPARE PARTS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 31 May 86 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE Finnish government
has donated 55 more Sisu
trucks to Zambia worth K22
million to district councils
through the Finnish Inter-
national Development
Agency (Finnida) to ease
transport problems.

Finnish ambassador to
Zambia Mr Garth Castren
said yesterday the idea was
to equip each council with
at least four Sisu trucks.

Speaking when he hand-
ed over keys to the initial
batch of 17 trucks to
Minister of Decentralisa-
tion, Mr Rajah Kunda at
Mutende Motors in Lusaka
who are agents of the Sisu
company in’ Finland, Mr
Castren said the gift was
part of a K100 million worth
of financial aid to Zambia
by his government.

During the past two
years Finland delivered 450
trucks to Zambia with
spares and the beneficia-
ries were district councils,

/12828
CSO: 3400/024

provincial cooperative
unions and the Zambia
Industrial, Forests and
Forestry Corporation
(ZAFFICO).

To ensure efficient run-
ning of the vehicles, Fin-
nida was conducting weekly
courses for drivers, mecha-
nics and transport officers
from recipient organisa-
tions in the maintenance of
their Sisu fleets.

Mutende Investments
manager, Mr Bogdan
Patras, said his firm had
started . repairing Sisu
trucks for district councils
following the arrival of
K800,000 worth of spare
parts.

More spares were ex-
pected at intervals at the
total cost of K4 million.
“So there will be no prob-
lem in as far as maintaining
and repairing these trucks
is concerned.””

The ambassador told Mr
Kunda who was accompa-
nied by ‘his Minister of

29

State, Chieftainess | Nko-
meshya and permanent
secretary, Mr Siilumelume
Mubukwanu, that the con-
dition of roads in Zambia
was similar to Finland's.

The Sisu company had
been making these trucks
for more than SO years and
they were designed for
rough roads. “It was
because of the rough roads
in Zambia that we were
compelled to make this
donation.”

Mr Kunda thanked Fin-
land for the assistance
which had: reduced the
financial burden of the
district. councils and. en-
hanced their efficiency.



JPRS«ssange
0
11 July 1986.

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY VIEWS FIGHTING AMONG BLACK GROUPS
MB101233 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 12 Jun 86

[Station Commentary: "Black-on-black Violence"]

[Text] Judging from a remark by the American State Department, which ex-
presses concern over the black-on-black violence in South Africa, and judging
from the comments of an increasing number of Western newspapers which are
telling their readers that the struggle in South Africa is far more complex
than a straightforward battle between white and black, it does appear as if
at last the message, which South Africa has been trying to convey to the out-
side world for many years, is being appreciated.

Foreign news media, which tend to simplify, sensationalize and dramatize,

have always found it expedient to portray events in South Africa as a con-
flict between white and black. However, in recent years as violence escalated
in the black townships they have found it increasingly difficult to maintain
this illusion of a black-white confrontation among their viewers and readers.
This is now being most dramatically illustrated at Crossroads in the Cape
where bitter and bloody fighting is raging between adult vigilants and the pro-
Marxist comrades. The role being played by the security forces of this
country at Crossroads is that of attempting to keep the two warring parties
apart.

Certainly within South Africa itself, prominent leaders have no doubt about
the nature of the conflict. This week KwaZulu Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi
lashed out at those who are trying to transform the 16 June commemoration day
into a period of violence, pointing out that the violence would be between
black and black. The policies of apartheid now rapidly being phased out
number only among the many problems facing this country. Thinking people
must wonder why it is that at a time when reforms are rapidly taking place
in the country violence is also increasing. The answer is that the Marxist
forces are not interested in reform. They want total control.

/8918
cso: 3400/051

100



JPRS«SSA86+073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PRESIDENT REAGAN, CROCKER UNDERSTANDING OF COUNTRY PRAISED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 Apr 86 p 10
[Editorial: "He is Really Not Blind"]

[Text] The leftist elements in the country who are continually reproaching
President P.W. Botha and the government for not yet having’ brought about
substantial change in South Africa should pay a visit the White House in
Washington. Perhaps President Reagan could change their views, or anyway the
views of some.

At a press conference the night before last, he expressed appreciation for
what President Botha has already been able to do, and he also showed
understanding for the fact that changes cannot take place more rapidly.

Nevertheless, President Reagan's views of the obstacles on the path of reform
of the State President were too simplistic. To see only rightist obstacles
and to ignore the radical leftist elements who try to torpedo all the reforms
because they are only interested in a total take-over of power, is simply not
valid.

Still, President Reagan's positive attitude toward South Africa should be
welcomed, as should the standpoints of Dr Chester Crocker, assistant secretary
of state for African Affairs, when earlier that same day in a congressional
committee he orice again strongly objected to increased American sanctions
against South Africa. His understanding of the South African situation was
evident from, amongst other things, the following remark:

"Americans should resist the temptation to see South Africa as a moral one-act
play whose curtain falls after the villain is punished. Our responsibility is
to look at the consequences."

While there is appreciation for the official American standpoint, one should
still guard against excessive optimism. After all, President Reagan succumbed
to pressure already once last year when he initiated sanctions, though
limited, against South Africa.

8700
CSO: 3401/109

36



JPRS“SSA*86*073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

STRUCTURE OF GBS SYSTEM WITHIN NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 27 May 86 p 13

[Article: "GBS Not a Secret Instrument"; passage enclosed in slantlines
printed in boldface]

[Text] /What are the Gesamentlike Bestuursentra [Joint Administrative
Centers], or GBS's, as they are usually called? Are they a “very sinister
political development," as Mr Colin Eglin, leader of the official Opposition
in Parliament, has called them on occasion? Why are only senior Army or
police officers chairmen of the GBS's? In an interview with JACQUES VAN WYK,
Lieutenant General P.W. van der Westhuizen, secretary of the State Security
Council, explains what these nationwhide networks are./

The Gesamentlike Bestuursentra (GBS's) are not part of a secret instrument of
power. There is nothing sinister connected with them. Neither are they part
of a form of government within a government, says Lieutenant General P. W. van
der Westhuizen, secretary of the State Security Council.

There is no politics involved in the system, because civil servants operate
it. That does not mean that the politicians should cold-shoulder it, he
thinks.

They system is administered by the State Security Council, which is a cabinet
committee. All recommendations are first authorized by the cabinet. There is
thus no question of a government within a government, as some people imply.

The GBS is a component of the National Security Administration System (NVBS),
an essential tool for the success of the state's counterrevolutionary efforts.
It is part of a nationwide administrative network that cuts thcough red tape
and enables authorittes to act quickly and effectively. Although it
coordinates departmental action in security matters, it has no executive
authority. ~

There are currently eleven GBS's in the country. Each GBS branches into
sub~GBS's, of which there are sixty. The sub-GBS's branch in turn into
mini-GBS's, which are based on magisterial districts. The mini-GBS may in its
turn branch into Local Administrative Centers (PBS's). There are currently
about 350 mini-GBS's.

61



Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 May 86 p 1

[Text]

UNIVERSITY
of Zambia stu-
dents at Lusaka
campus will be
fined K200 each
on readmission,
it was learnt
yesterday.

The fine is to
cover damage to
Unza property dur-
ing the recent unrest
in which two cars
were burnt.

Reliable sources said

all students who would
be raid would be
told to “not less
than K200"

Acting registrar Mr
Wisdom Bowa could
neither deny nor confirm
the imminent fine which
administration will im-
Pose on students as a
punitive measure when
the university reopens.

“I can neither deny
nor confirm this because
we are still holding meet-
ings with the dean of
students on how to
Tesolve the problems at
the university,’? Mr
Bowa said.

The administration

/12828
cso: 3400/026

J]
TL gy

Returning Students to Be Fined

held a meeting on
Monday and would meet
again today. Its recom-
mendations would be
submitted to the Vice-
chancellor Dr Jacob
Mwanza for considera-
tion.

The campus was pre-
maturely closed on May
18 after a violent demon-
stration in which stu-
dents also looted uriiver-
sity property.

Trouble started when
Unza_ students union

leader Mr Ben Chilufya
was arrested and ques-
tioned in connection
with an abortive meeting
which was scheduled to
take place at the
campus.

The meeting which
was banned by Unza
authorities was supposed
to be attended by repre-
sentatives from all col-
leges and secondary
schools.

After being question-
ed at the campus by

Plain: clothes policemen,
Mr Chilufya was whisk-
ed away to Lusaka Cen-
tral police station. He
has been charged with
assault and the case is
before the courts.

The students roughed
up the principal Pro-
fessor Kasuka Mwau-
luka and went on an
orgy of destruction
smashing his official car,
a Peugeot 504 and sct it
ablaze.

They also burnt a light
green Fiat 131, Mr

Bowa' jal car and
looted the ‘canteen and
the dining hall.

Prof Mwauluka, who

32

was al the centre of con-
troversy later charged
that the federal admi
tration was undermi
his authority because it
wanted to get rid of key
figures from the campus
administration.

On Tuesday Dr Henry
Meebelo, who is acting
Minister of Higher Edu-
cation, said the Govern-
ment was working out
measures to curb student
unrest at Unza.

He said the Govern-
ment, working with the
Unza_ administration,
would thrash out long-
term measures to im-
prove discipline,

ly 4



JPRS*SSA*86-073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

HNP CALLS FOR EXPULSIONS OF INDIAN SOUTH AFRICANS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 30 May 86 p 14

[Editorial: "Back to 1948!"]

[Text] Just how far the extreme right wants to put the clock back came to
light once again the the debate in Parliament on the admission of Indians to
the Free State and northern Natal. The extreme rightists evidently attach no
value to Dr H. F. Verwoerd's decision that the Indians be acknowledged as
permanent citizens of South Africa.

Indeed, Mr Louis Stofberg of the Herstigte Nasionale Party [HNP] confirms that
the implications of the HNP policy is that Indians must be repatriated. That
party has always offered the pronouncements of Dr Verwoerd as all that is
relevant to the South African situation. But now it appears that the country
must be taken back even further, to 1948.

To be sure, the Conservative Party [CP] has not yet gone that far, but the
history of the CP has repeatedly shown that it takes over the HNP's policy. A
CP [parliamentary] frontbencher has already said that the party does not hold
itself bound by the legislation concerning the Indians; the CP will undo it if
it should come to power.

How long will it be before the CP also decides that Indians must be expelled
from the country?

By these attitudes the far right parties not only once again demonstrate their
intolerance of the non-White population, but also their inability to look
political realities in the eye. It seems in fact as though they believe that
certain groups can be wished away. And that rights that have already been
acknowledged can simply be taken back again. The basis of this remains a
hankering for white supremacy.

That more than 800,000 Indians have already had a claim to full citizenship
for more than two decades and have received full voting rights makes scant
impression on the CP and the HNP. The CP wants to pen up the Indians in a
homeland in Natal, but how will it manage that? The Indians reject a
homeland, and Dr A. P. Treurnicht has already admitted that the constitution
cannot be altered without their consent.

64



JPRS«SSA~86+073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COLUMNIST VIEWS GOVERNMENT ATTITUDE TOWARD SANCTIONS

MB161334 Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 15 Jun 86 p 29
["Another Voice" column by Harald Pakendorf]

[Text] It was cold in Cape Town this week. There was wind and occasional
rain. In the House of Assembly it was quite pleasant, the debate droned on,
members came and left, the public gallery was empty.

Just another day in the life of Parliament?

Yes, except that what was being debated was the Abolition of Influx Control
Bill, an historic piece of legislation granting freedom of movement to those
who did not have it.

The pass laws were being scrapped, But nobody was interested any more.

Outside, in the wind, cold and rain, the "witdoeke" [white scarves] were
squaring up to the "comrades." Far away, in London, the Eminent’ Persons were
considering sanctions, while in Washington and Brussels moves were afoot to
isolate and punish South Africa.

June 16 was looming, even tighter security legislation was being stopped in
its tracks by coloured and Indians MP's, proving that the tricameral system
does have teeth. In national party ranks there were rumblings of unease
over the need for more and tougher security measures and over the way these
were being pushed through.

But nobody was listening.

Wild stories were doing rounds. Schoolchildren were going to the killed,
mass invasions of suburbs were being planned, Louis le Grange's ban on
public meetings was going to be ignored and violence would erupt as the
security forces were to try and implement the impossible.

Whites and blacks were nervous, fearful.

The rand was falling--again. But a steady fall this time as if it knew it
had a bit to go still before it hit rock-bottom. The price of gold began

101



JPRSSSA~86-073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER LANGUAGE THREATENED BY SIMULCASTING OF TV PROGRAMS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 15 Apr 86 p 10
[Report: "Simuleasting and Afrikaans"]

[Text] Rightly, well-meaning Afrikaners expressed serious concern yesterday
in reports on the influence which simulcasting of TV programs will have on
Afrikaans.

One of those who spoke out against the plan of the SAUK [South Africa
Broadcasting Corporation] to broadcast original English sound tracks for
dubbed TV programs over the radio is Professor Wynand Mouton, former chairman
of the board of the SAUK. The seriousness of the matter is evident from the
fact that a man who until fairly recently had a close tie with the SAUK, now
says that TV simulcasting is "alarming." -

A strong argument is made that the new plan will make it unnecessary for
numerous South Africans to at least make an attempt to learn to understand
Afrikaans, one of the official languages. In that context we can add that it
should be obvious that a better knowledge of each other's language and culture
is essential in a period in which reconciliation across borders is of utmost
importance in South Africa.

With the establishment earlier this year of the new radio system under which
advertising is allowed in the Afrikaans and English services, the general
manager of the SAUK, Mr Riaan Eksteen, stated several times that the
corporation would not neglect its cultural task. But how does that fit in
with the statement of another spokesman of the corporation, namely that as far
as he knows there is no specific goal to establish a target percentage for
Afrikaans in the new simulcast system?

The new plan is only being tested. Thus there is still time to reconsider. It

looks as if this is an opportunity for Afrikaner language and eultural
organizations to let themselves be heard in no uncertain terms.

8700
CSO: = 3401/139

42



JPRS«SSA~86*073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA
BRIEFS

SECURITY BILLS' WITHDRAWAL URGED--Cape Town, June 12, SAPA--The Alliance of
Black Reformed Christians in Southern Africa (ABRESCA) has appealed to the
government to see reason and withdraw the Public Safety and Internal Security
Amendment Bill. "When those who are meant to be the servants of the state
are themselves placed above the law and are given licence to act without
checks and with total indemnity, then such persons are not servants but
tyrants," Dr J.F. Bill, organising secretary for ABRESCA said in a press
statement today. "We are extremely disturbed at the further restrictive
powers which these bills shall give to the minister of law and order and
those under him. "We appeal to (the government's) conscience to see reason
and help resolve the present crisis, not by the use of force, but by the
willingness to negotiate a new future with the true and recognised leaders
of the black people of this land. "We regret the banning of meetings com-
memorating June 16. It is extremely insensitive and will only serve to
heighten the tension that already exists. We have no option but to call on
our members to obey God rather than man." [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in
English 1924 GMT 12 Jun 86 MB] /8918

BLACKS FAVOR MIXED SUBURBS--Four out of every five Blacks identify with
people who see no harm in different race groups living in the same suburb.
Rejection of Multiracial areas comes mainly from those with no education
(24 percent against), those living in towns and villages and 16 to 24-year-
olds (both 22 percent against). These results come from Market Research
Africa's sociomonitor study which has been measuring social trends amongst
Blacks since 1976. Findings are based on a representative sample of 1 500
Black adults living in cities, towns and villages throughout South Africa.
"Most Blacks are in favour of having access to White areas, as this will
give them freedom from restrictions and the chance to live in a better
area," according to the study. [Text][Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English
13 Jun 86 p 12]/12828

BLACKS ON MANAGEMENT PARTICIPATION--Nine out of every ten urban Blacks
believe that workers should have some say in the running of their section
of the company where they work. Support for participation in management
is found in all sectors of the community, but is particularly strong
amongst males aged 25 to 34, and the income group where household incomes
exceed R700 per month. These results come from Market Research Africa's
Sociomonitor Study which has been measuring social trends amongst Blacks
since 1976. Findings are based on a representative sample of 1 500 adults.
Commenting on the findings, Mrs Cora Tshabalala, one of the researchers
at Market Research Africa who designed the study said, "Blacks believe
that not only do they have a right to have more control over matters that
affect them, but that they can make a good contribution to improving
productivity." [Text][Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 13 Jun 86 p 12]
/12828

cso: 3400/020

84



JPRS=ss4ng
786-073
1 July 1996

MOZAMBIQUE

CHISSANO OPENS SADCC COUNCIL OF MINISTERS MEETING
MB122320 Maputo in English to Southern Africa 1800 GMT 12 Jun 86

[Text] Mozambique's Foreign Minister Joaquim Chissano said today that the
9-member Southern African Development Coordination Conference, SADCC, has
demonstrated since it was formed the possibilities of regional cooperation.
Mr Chissano was speaking in Maputo at the opening of a 2-day meeting of
SADCC's Council of Ministers. Highlighting in general terms the guiding
principles of SADCC, he said the organization was characterised by decen-
tralization, pragmatism, and the objectivity and dynamism of its structures.
He added that without turning SADCC into a supernational body, the region
was creating greater unity around the question of common economi¢ interests.

Mr Chissano called on the SADCC member states--Angola, Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe--to make the
organization even stronger in order to reduce the region's dependence on
South Africa. Mr Chissano said the recent raids against Botswana, Zambia

and Zimbabwe by South African forces and South Africa's boycotts against
Lesotho and Mozambique were maneuvers by Pretoria due to its growing isola~
tion. He said Pretoria's systematic disruption of SADCC's development pro-
jects, roads, and railways was all part of South Africa's policy of aggression
in the region.

The SADCC's council of ministers is being chaired by Botswana's Vice President
and Finance Minister Peter Mmusi. Mr Mmusi told the meeting that SADDC's
international reputation as an efficient instrument for regional economic
transformation is growing. .He reminded participants of the famous statement
by the jailed ANC Nelson Mandela when he said: There is no easy walk to
freedom. Likewise, he said SADCC member-states should look at the problems
today and accept the challenge to find solutions. He said the best people in
each of the states should be seconded to work with SADCC. Today's agenda of
the Council of Ministers includes preparations for this year's summit, the
results of the last annual consulative conference, and preparations for the
next.

/8918
cso: 3400/047



Census as Political Weapon, Solutions Probed

(Yahaya Sanda; NEW NIGERIAN,

Early Rains Augur Well for Farmers

(Dapo Ajibola; BUSINESS TIMES, 26 May 86)....sceccccccseeeee.

Briefs

28 May 86)....eeceeeeeesseeees

World Bank, IFAD Development Loans
Government Approves ECOWAS Protocol

SOMALIA

Key Figures in Succession Race Noted
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 4 Jun 86)..

ZAMBIA

Kaunda Praises Role of Parastatals in Development
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 May 86).....

Kaunda on Agricultural Incentives » Maize Export Ban
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 31 May 86).....

Kaunda Appoints Tariff Inquiry Panel, Terms of Reference
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 3 Jun 86)

Belgium Firms Invest in Agricultural Projects
(Gunston Chola; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 20 May 86) ....ceseecseeneee

Agreement Signed With Netherlands, Sweden Cancels Debt
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 31 May 86)......cccecencececcecenaccuseees

Finland Donates Trucks, Spare Parts
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 31 May 86)..........cecseeecccccncccuceece

Mozambican, Angolan Refugee Numbers Soar

(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 2 Jum 86).....ccccccececnececesenceeeees

University of Zambia Update

(ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL, 30 May 86; TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 May 86)..

Deans Office Restructured

Returning Students To Be Fined

Civil Servants Union Rejects Rent Hikes
(TIMES OF ZAMIBA, 4 Jun 86)

Luanshya Smelter Shut Down for Maintenance
(TIMES OF ZAMBIA, 30 May 86)... ..cssceccesececccveneceeeces

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34



JPRS*SSA~86~073
11 July 1986

SUUTH APKLUA

ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT COUNCILS QUESTIONED; ALTERNATIVES DISCUSSED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 Apr 86 p 9
{Report by Retief Pienaar: "Black Councils Cause Alienation"]

[Text] In a study of black communities lagging behind, certain objections
were expressed to DIE BURGER as to the role of development councils which take
eare of the administration of black residential areas and are responsible for
the development of infrastructural services, amongst other things. The
opinion was expressed that the current situation, in which an area such as
South Cape Province, with its own individual circumstances and problems, is
administrated from Port Elizabeth, is not the desired state of affairs.

The large distance between the head office of the East Cape Development
Council in Port Elizabeth and Oudtshoorn was one of the motivations for an
agreement under which the municipality of that village is now taking care of
the functions of that council in the black area of Oudtshoorn.

On 1 November of last year Oudtshoorn became the first local government in the
country where the administration and development of the black community was
transferred to the municipality and the black community council.

At the time, that measure was called a further phasing out of the tasks of
development councils and a development phase in the gradual establishment of
regional service councils.

Appreciation

In local government circles of other villages in South Cape Province one of
the negative consequences pointed out is that the administration of
inhabitants in a local government area is divided between city councils and
development councils. That fragmented administration reportedly has caused
alienation between whites and blacks.

However, there is also considerable appreciation for the role the development
councils play.

39



JPRS“SSA~86~073
J) July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TUTU'S CAMPAIGN FOR SANCTIONS CRITICIZED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 Jun 86 p 8
[Editorial: "Crusade with a T-Shirt"]

(Text] Any hope that Bishop Desmond Tutu would act with greater
responsibility after his election as leader of the Anglican Church in South
Africa was dashed by his latest crusade in Canada and America.

There he displayed his anti-apartheid T-shirt over his priestly robes while
pleading for economic and diplomatic sanctions. So doing the bishop creates
the impression that he has less regard for his office as church leader than
for his political efforts to provoke feeling against South Africa with
warnings that the third world war may occur because of apartheid.

The bishop is apparently trying to salve his conscience when he says that if
the South African government cannot be overturned by sanctions, the church

will approve violence as a final recourse. But violence is already implicit
in what Biship Tutu is pleading for. .

It has obviously not impinged on him that more violence will be a consequence
of punitive economic measures. Large-scale unemployment, especialy among
black people will, after all, be an unavoidable consequence of sanctions. And
unemployment is a breeding-ground of violence, including violence by blacks

against other blacks.

A regional director of Operation Hunger has just estimated that as many as
400,000 children will die of hunger is the campaign for a withdrawal of
foreign investment should succeed. Bishop Tutu should tell the outside world
once in a while how he proposes to reconcile such suffering with his Christian
conscience.

Are all members of the Anglican Church content with their new leader when he
is seemingly so indifferent to the duty of the Christian Church to bring about
reconciliation? That is, after all, the only acceptable alternative to
violence.

12996/13104
cso: 3401/156

70



How does he reconcile the Charter's roughly socialist position with the PFP's
free enterprise position? When it comes to this sort of conflict, he says,
his sympathies remain with the Charter, and he believes in a socialist
future for South Africa.

“The mines, for instance, should not be privately owned. They should be
for everyone."

His statement sparks a vigorous discussion with other party workers in the
office. They point out the conflict with basic PFP policy.

Fellow organiser Ian Bently points out that present-day South Africa is
not a good reflection of free enterprise, as there is so much state control
of the economy. But Buyana is not deterred.

“What is wrong with the railways being owned by the state?" he asks.

Buyana has no time for the United Democratic Front, and makes'-some extra-
ordinary allegations against the body, which numbers its patrons and leaders
several prominent ex-ANC leaders.

The Front, he says, has been infiltrated to a large extent by former ANC
prisoners who were granted remission of their sentences in return for
working for the government.

"I know how my black people are being used, I don't want to be misused."

This infiltration has substantially affected UDF policy, he says. Asked
for an example, he cites the "necklace" killings practised in many townships.

"The person who first used the necklace was Savimbi:in Angola, who is a
tool of the South African government.

"Then it was pushed by these infiltrators.-.The UDF speaks of peace-loving
people. How can I call myself peace-loving if I'm burning people?"

But Buyana stops short of saying "necklace" killings are official UDF policy,
and blames them on an “uncontrollable element in the organisation".

He also names three prominent local UDF leaders as police informers: "They
hide away from me because they are afraid I will expose them."

How does he know of these things? "My own follow-ups," he says.

His attitude to Azapo is not quite so hostile.

"I have no quarrel with any organisation as long as it is not used by the
government."

Turning to his work for the party, Buyana says it mostly involves recruiting

members. "We hold meetings and talk about PFP polciy. Then we offer PFP
membership."

79



282081

JPRS-SSA-86-073
“11 JULY 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

)

611 1060866)

FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

FBIS
“wmooueney
NATIONAL TECHNICAL
- INFORMATION SERVICE | ye
US. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE . /
i SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 |
HO

Abe



Briefs

Manipulation by 'Destructive Critics’ Warning

SOUTH AFRICA
AFRIKANER/ GOVERNMENT

President Reagan, Crocker Understanding of Country Praised
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 11 APT 86) ccccceeveccvcveccvscecees

No Change in PFP Policy Noted
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 11 Apr 86). .cseeececeeesccceececcens

Role of Development Councils Questioned; Alternatives Discussed
(Retief Pienaar; DIE BURGER, 11 Apr 86)........eseceeeeseees

Afrikaner Language Threatened by Simulcasting of TV Programs
(DIE BURGER, 15 Apr 86).....cceecce sce ecceeceeccneeeesseeees

Le Grange Discusses Unrest in Black Areas
(Louis Le Grange Interview; DIE BURGER, various dates) .....

Heunis on Measures To Improve Crossroads
(DIE BURGER, 23 May BOs erresersecnsene He teseeeesease eeeee .

New National Council Bill Praised
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 23 May 86).....ccsccecsscscccseseees

Police To Gain Greater Authority in Case of Increased Unrest
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 23 May 86)....cecscesesesccenscccees

NG Church Urged To Acknowledge Apartheid as Sin
(Adrio Koenig; DIE BURGER, 22 May 86).....cccsescceececceees

CP Rejects AWP Boer Republic Idea
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 27 May 86)....sseeesesessesceeeeeees

Structure of GBS System Within National Security Council
(DIE BURGER, 27 May 86)..... es errs

HNP Calls for Expulsions of Indian South Africans
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 30 May 86).....eceeeeesesecceeeseees

Fighting Fathers' Training in Western Cape Described
(DIE BURGER, 3 Jun 86). ..ccceecccccecccsccccsccesessteeesee

Terre Blanche's Role at Republic Day Celebrations
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 2 Jun 86).....c.cececee eer eens ceeee

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JPRS~SSA*86*073
1 July 1986

ZAMBLA

BELGIUM FIRMS INVEST IN AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 20 May 86 p 1

[Article by Gunston Chola]

[Excerpt]

BELGIUM's Huyecco
group of companies will
invest $42 million on a
farm and malting factory
in Zambia, manager Mr
Patric Huys announced
in Ndola yesterday.

Already the group has been
allocated the 11,000-
hectare Mwembeshi
State farm. eight km
west of Lusaka by the
Government which would
be developed jointly with
Indeco.

Feasibility studies had
been completed and
papers would be present-
ed to the Huyecco parent
company board in Bel-
gium and to the Indeco
directorate this month.

Mr Huys said it was plan-
ned to start on limited
clearing capacity of,
1,500 hectares a year
spread over five.

“With that estimate we
hope to complete clear-

/128
Os

28
csi 3400/025

ing the entire farm and
bring it to full capacit
in seven years,”’ he said.

The industrial plant to be
built near Zambia Bre-
weries in Lusaka would
be completed in two
years.

Mr Huys whose group has
15 subsidiaries dealing in
malt, cattle feeds, export
of frozen chickens
cially to Arab countries,
transport and enginecr-
ing and several others
said the farm would pro-
duce crops using irriga-
tion.

When in tull production the
farm and factory would
reduce Zambia Brewe-
ries’ import. bill of $5
million spent to buy malt.

Besides malt’ the factory
would grow sorghum tor
National Breweries to
substitute maize being
used in chibuku brewing.

Mr Huys said National
Breweries used 36,000

27

tonnes of maize a year
but the volume would be
reduced by sorghum so
that the bulk of it could
xo to food.

His company started busi-
ness in Zambia in 1974,
mainly supplying malt to
the breweries. An expan-
sion programme — was
initiated two years ago
resulting in the setting
up of Huyeeco Zambia.

He said the present ex-
change rates were aitrac-
ting many investors to
Zambia and several Bel
gian industrialists anc
companies were planning
to come.



In contrast to its opinion of the government's attitude, the EPG describes
Nelson Mandela and the preident of the ANC, Mr Oliver Tambo, as striking
figures.

"Their reasonableness, absence on rancour and readiness to find negotiated
solutions which, while creating genuine democratic structures would still
give the whites a feeling of security and participation, impressed us deeply,"
the report says.

"If the government finds itself unable to talk with men like Mandela and
Tambo, then the future for South Africa is bleak indeed."

The EPG states that after many meetings with ministers "we are left with the
impression of a divided government."

It says even the enlightened ministers seemed to be out of tough with the
mood in the black townships--"and so, of course, are the great generality
of white South Africans, only some 10 per cent of whom, we were told, have
ever seen conditions in a township."

The EPG's gloomy, 70 page report, drafted after 5 months of meetings with
white and black leaders, concludes that blacks have had enough of apartheid
and are no longer prepared to submit to its oppression.

"The strength of black convictions is now matched by a readiness to die for
those convictions. They will, therefore, sustain their struggle, whatever
the cost."

The report concludes that black leadership believes diplomatic persuasion
has not and will not move the South African Government sufficiently.

"If it also comes to believe that the world community will never exercise
sufficient effective pressure through other measures in support of their
cause, they will have only one option remaining: that of ever-increasing
violence.

"Once decisions involving greater violence are made on both sides, they
carry an inevitability of their own and are difficult, if not impossible,
to reverse, except as a result of exhaustion through prolonged conflict."

The EPG's message to 49 Commonwealth leaders, who received the report during
the past 48 hours, is this:

"The question in front of heads of government is in our view clear. It is
not whether such measures will compel change; it is already the case that
their absence and Pretoria's belief that they need not be feared, defers
change.

"Is the Commonwealth to stand by and allow the cycle of violence to spiral?
Or will it take concerted action of an effective kind? Such action may
offer the last opportunity to avert what could be the worst bloodbath since
the Second World War.

86



gxsgar807073

JPR! 1986

i July

SOUTH AFRICA

TRANSKEI MINISTER VIEWS ON TBV-RSA COOPERATION
MB160549 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1609 GMT 15 Jun 86

[Text] Umtata, June 15, SAPA--Multilateral cooperation in southern Africa
agreed upon between the TBVC [Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei]
states and South Africa in 1982 had a comprehensive framework for economic
and regional development in the region, the Transkei minister of foreign
affairs, Mr Mtutuzeli Lujabe, said in a report tabled in the national
assembly this week.

The work programmes for socio-economic development since 1982 have dealt
with agriculture and environment affairs, industries, commerce and tourism,
transport, posts and telecommunications, health and welfare, manpower and
training, urban development and housing, education, judicial matters and
financial relations.

"Multilateral and regional cooperation in southern Africa has become a
reality. Meetings aimed at achieving economic and social development take
place, on the average 15 times per month.

“Regular direct and ongoing contact between ministers, heads of departments
and senior officials has led to a deeper mutual understanding, the adoption
of common goals and harmonised approaches, the development of strategies
and the carrying through of deliberations into practical results.

"At the 1985 summit the five leaders reaffirmed their governments commitment
to peaceful socio-economic development in southern Africa. The improvement
of the quality of life in the subcontinent is an essential condition for
peace and stability in the region," Mr Luhabe said.

/8918
cso: 3400/050

81



On the German side the sorting process has already begun; for as late as three
years ago more than 200 German companies were present in Lagos. With the
suspension of the Hermes-guarantees and the official credit insurance for

the Nigeria trade--the claims for Hermes are said to be as high as 700 million
dollars—-the financial difficulties and the business risk have become too great
for many.

For the remaining ones, who according to Nigerian investment laws are operat-
ing with Nigerian interests of 40 or 60 percent, the lack of import licenses
presents the greatest problem at this time. The assembly plants of VW and
Mercedes, of Fichtel & Sachs and others, for example, have been idle since
January since no import licenses for the necessary parts have been granted
since the fall of last year. VW continues to pay their 2000 workers in the
hope of resuming production soon, At present, Fichtel & Sachs are managing to
stay afloat with rebuilding and overhauling old clutches. In search of
orders which would at least cover the overhead, even retail firms develop a
strictly Nigerian "leg to stand on"; large firms, which otherwise hand over
turnkey facilities, now take on asphalting of roads or the erection and
outfitting of school labs.

Inventiveness Demanded

Entrepreneurial Inventiveness is demanded to the fullest extent since due to
Nigeria's catastrophic foreign exchange shortage it is by no means certain if
and when import licenses will be granted and whether there is sufficient
exchange in the central bank to completely exploit the import licenses. In
view of the fact that without the binding assurance of the central bank no
foreign bank is prepared any longer to confirm the commercial letter of
credit, some firms--as was the case last year--will not be able to import in
spite of import licenses. The fact that since about two years most companies
are operating with a capacity utilization of barely more than 15 to 20 percent
demonstrates the magnitude of the calamity. In addition, since the Babangida
government, which has an internally oriented development strategy, wants to
break with excessive dependency upon imports and utilize their own resource
basis and technical capabilities, import licenses are to be granted selective-
ly only to those industries which are important to the Nigerian development
process.

The foreign automobile manufacturers who maintain seven assembly plants, two
for commercial vehicles and five for passenger cars, are presently feeling
that they are at a particular disadvantage, indeed even penalized. Disap-
pointed by the fact that even though the automotive firms have been present
for many years there still has not been created a national market of subcon-
tractors and the firms continue to import automotive parts from abroad, the
industrial minister has made the automotive industry the scapegoat so to speak
for the industrial development that did not take place. Not only is the
former being accused of inflating prices with overcharged import components,
but also of practicing a model policy equally designed to drive up prices
and profits.



Minister: Yes, definitely. During the past few years especially, the SA
Police has devoted especially great attention to its training methods and the
improvement of equipment. The aim of that is to be able to act more
effectively with less danger of causing injury or loss of life. In that
context we have the cooperation of various authorities in South Africa. In
some respects pioneering work has been done.

One example of a safer method is the use of light whips instead of heavy riot
clubs. It is used primarily in incidents where we deal with children and
other young people.

Secondly, there is our sneezing machine and, thirdly, the use of rubber
bullets. In the use of the latter, a distinction is also made between
children and adults. Previously the rubber bullet was fired with a single
shot from a gun. Now a rubber bullet machine gun has been developed which is
mounted ona Casspir. A belt with rubber bullets inside the Casspir is fed
into the machine gun. The distance and speed of the bullets can be regulated.

In other words, if you're dealing with children, you adjust it at a lower
speed and then the bullet does not hit as hard. But if you're dealing with a
group of hardened adults, it can be set at a higher speed to hit harder. And
it ean also be regulated to fire a whole cluster together at people instead of
single shots.

There is also the utilization of various types of light shot cartridges, fine
pellets and others, and the use of Dennert wire. Those wire rolls can be
rolled out of a vehicle to about 110 meters within 10 seconds. With it one
can throw a "kraal" around people within a very short period of time.

Another example is the utilization of water canons. To act effectively, you
need three water canons, especially in the downtown area. And you also need
supporting vehicles and men,. The water canon is an important aid to us in
acting effectively without loss of life or serious injury. It is also used
with colored spray material in order to identify people.

Further there is the use of our helicopters for observation and for contacting
people on the ground. It is effectively utilized as a type of "eye in the
air."

The vehicles we use in riot situations have been improved--not only to offer
us greater protection, but simultaneously to also be more effective without
hurting or killing the people involved. Everything possible is being done to
utilize or develop equipment with one goal in mind: effectiveness without
loss of life. That is our entire approach in the police. We are not a war
machine. We exist to maintain law and order.

Question: What is the police doing to prevent certain elements from
succeeding in estranging it from the public? And what is it doing to gain
people's sympathy and to improve its image? Minister: In the first place, the
most effective weapon of the police to counter the attack against it is its
own behavior. Its behavior under its slogan to serve and protect. We make

51

A



IJPRS*“SSA~86*073

11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS OF PROJECT FREE ENTERPRISE REVIEWED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 p 9

[Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

Only drastic and immediate
action by the Government
and the business sector can
reverse South —Africa’s
steady slide into violence
and economic. disorder,
Project Free Enterprise has
warned.

The report “Economic parti-
cipation in South Africa —
strategy for survival” was
launched after a survey found
highly negative worker atti-
tudes towards business in South
Africa.

The initial findings identified
worker perceptions such as bu-
sinesses were exploitative and
funded from limitless re-
sources of capital provinded
largely by banks and Govern-
ment. Profits were used for
management bonuses and for
taxes.

There was little understand-
ing of the need for productivity
to boost capital in a company.
Most employees believed rais-
ing prices was the most effec-
tive way of creating revenue
for wages.

Urgent steps

Project participants found in
a subsequent study that urgent
steps should be taken by the
Government to help improve
worker perceptions. The report
recommended:

@ The Government should cre-
ate the opportunity for all indi-
viduals to have equal access to
property ownership within
South Africa.

@The removal of influx con-
trol.

@The scrapping of the Group
Areas Act and the use of mar-
ket forces of supply and de-
mand as control measures in-
stead of interventionist rules.
@The deregulation of small
business to encourage develop-
ment.

@ The introduction of direct po
litical representation and par-

ticipation for thé black com-
munity within central, regional
and local government.
@Complete restructuring of
the education system under a
single ministry to implement a
more economically viable and
world-orientated curriculum.

The project acknowledged
the importance of the business
community adopting a “micro”
strategy to be developed in
conjuction with the Govern-
ment’s “macro” reforms.

The business community was
committed to:

@ Develop managerial systems -

to ensure optimum levels of
worker-participation in deci-
sion-making and problem-solv-
ing.

@ Introducing strategies to
promote: the development of
black managers.

93

Nation's Downward Slide Warning

@The development of reward
system to increase work inputs.

The researchers also identi-
fied the specific steps that the
Government should take to en-
sure reform. The recommenda-
tions, together with the per-
centage of endorsements from

respondents, fell under the
headings:
PROPERTY OWNERSHIP

Measures with 100 percent
endorsement were those call-
ing for genuine freehold for all,
removal of discretionary site
allocation, development of indi-
vidual initiative, racially de-
classify financial institutions,
delegate developmental re-
sponsibility downwards, mod-
ernise tribal, private and
homeland land tenure.

Recommendations which
lacked complete support were
the call for ownership for’ all
races in all areas (71 percent
endorsement), ownership for
each race in own area (59 per-
cent), combination of open and
restricted areas (65 percent),
removal of rent control (88 per-
cent) and withdrawal of the De-
velopment Trust and Land Act
(94 percent).
BLACK PARTICIPATION IN
GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS

All respondents rejected the
formation of a unitary, one-
man, one-vote system while
only 36 percent supported the



It is scarcely thinkable that such considerations mean much to the PFP
[Progressive Federal Party], which is fighting the legislation with the
strongest form of parliamentary opposition. That party's leftist power group
has, however, built up such a reputation on the question of national security
that its complaints will meet with approval only in left-radical circles.

The government dare not allow its attempts to reform to be scuttled by radical
forces that want to make the country ungovernable.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/156

72



CIVIL SERVANTS UNION REJECTS RENT HIKES

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 4 Jun 86 p 7

[Text]

THE Civil Servants Union of Zambia (CSUZ)

has rejected plans to increase Government
house rents by 12 per cent to cover maintenance

CSUZ vice national
chairman Mr John Mbewe
said in Lusaka yesterday
that civil servants were al-
ready over-taxed and it was
unfair to expect them
sacrifice more money when
they earned so little.

Mr Mbewe was feacting
to a statement by Minister
of Works and Supply Mr
Haswell Mwale in Living-
stone on Monday that Gov-
ernment had decided to
increase house rents on two
levels to cover maintenance
costs.

He said the ministry
needed at least K4 million
annually to maintain houses
and repair dilapidated
structures.

He said in increasing the
house rents, the ministry
would take into account the
low salaries of civil ser-
vants.

/12828

CSO:

3400/023

costs.

However Mr Mbewe said
if Government effected the
rent increases the State
would be setting new condi-
tions of service for civil
servants because in a White
Paper produced after the
Lavu Two commission of
inquiry, the Government
had agreed that it would
neither increase nor reduce
house rents.

The White Paper further
stated “that a housing
maintenance fund should
be introduced or alterna-
tively the house rent paid
should be read as propos-;

ed. :

“The Government had:
accepted that the housing:
fund should be introduced.
and that rent should not be’
reduced or increased,’ Mr-
Mbewe said. :

33

JPRS*SSA*86~073
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA



Intimidation
Question: Is the collection of house rent an example?

Minister: It is true that through intimidation they talk people -into not
paying their rent. There are a number of such places in South Africa. And
the amounts involved are considerable. 4

Question: It is claimed that the revolutionaries collect their own "rent" or
levies in black areas. If black shopkeepers benefit by a boycott of white
stores, then it is expected of them to hand over a certain amount to the
radicals. Is that true?

Minister: We have been told that happens in a few places.

Question: Children are very much in the limelight in the riots. * In answering
a question in Parliament, you said that 2,106 children below the age of 16
were detained under the emergency regulations during one phase or another
between 21 July and 31 January this year. There is talk of a reign of terror
by children in some neighborhoods. How do you explain the involvement of so
many children in incidents of violence and unrest?

Minister: That number might include one or two cases of police detaining
great numbers of children for a very short time. I remember a case in Soweto
where about 600 children were detained for a couple of hours one day. Thus
that doesn't mean that all of them were continually detained, but this is part
of the answer I must give. Those numbers are no doubt included in the rest.
Thus the number is not as large as it seems. It must be qualified. It is a
smaller number that was actually detained.

It is a well-known fact that revolutionary elements. in South Africa
concentrate especially on schoolchildren. And not only right now. They have
been doing it since the early seventies already. The result was, first of
all, the riots of 1976 which started in the schools in Soweto. Further we had
the riots in the colored areas in 1979 and part of 1980. In 1982 we had some
riots in the colored areas in Johannesburg. And now we have been having riots
again since September 1984. Especially in the current situation
schoolchildren are involved to a significant extent. That is a. calculated
strategy of the people who are behind the disturbances.

Most Important

Question: Do you mean the ANC?

Minister: Not only the ANC. The UDF is a very, very important factor. I put
the UDF at a higher level as even the ANC with respect to some aspects of the
unstable situation in South Africa.

Question: And the PAC and AZAPO?

Minister: Yes, they all belong to the same family, AZAPO, the UDF and all of
them. But the UDF is the most important single organization.

45



Minister: It. has become fashionable in some circles to use the word vigilante
as a term of, abuse. And I certainly don't want to give the impression that
some vigilante groups have not acted incorrectly.

The vigilante system is in reality nothing but the old, traditional home guard
system of black people. It is a system which they have applied themselves in
their neighborhoods for many years. The home guard groups usually consist of
men in a certain block or a couple of blocks who patrol their street areas for
a few hours per evening and maintain good order and discipline. Usually they
are parents, who through their action also prevent their own children from
roaming the streets unnecessarily. The destruction of any form of home guard
system suits the revolutionaries, for then they have the streets to

themselves.

It is very easy to revile the vigilantes, but their are many honest black
parents who would like to.participate in the home guard system. If we destroy
the system, there is no order, for we don't have the policemen to maintain

order in that area as well.

One of the causes of the undisciplined attitude among black children these
days is that parental authority, as seen from a traditional angle, is
deteriorating so much.

Question: There is also the charge that the vigilante groups sometimes apply
their own law. .

Minister: Other groups do that too. I don't want to gloss over it, I don't
encourage people being allowed to act outside of the law. What I am saying,
however, is that one should also appreciate people who, within the framework
of the law, maintain their own form of discipline in their traditional,

orderly manner.

Question: Does the police take action against such groups if they transgress
the law?

Minister: Yes, on occasion they have transgressed the law and the police then
has taken action against them. When people act wrongly, they are addressed by
the police. But this must not detract from the fact that there are
responsible and orderly members of black communities who try their best to
behave properly by means of this system, in the interest of their children and

the community.

Question: Then would you say that vigilante groups are an important factor in
fighting unrest?

Minister: I see a properly organized home guard system as an important aid in
maintaining law and order in any black living area. But emphasis must be put
on a properly organized system.

Question: Is there a continual search for more effective, but safer methods
of riot control?

50



Question: Do radical youths have any acknowledged leaders?

Minister: Children do not have any acknowledged leaders which can be directly
identified as A, B and C. But they are very actively manipulated. One of the
most important organizations in that context was COSAS [Congress of South
African Students] which is now a forbidden organization.

Question] Are the leaders adults?

Minister: The COSAS men are all 18 or older. They are all young people. They
are not children. It is not a case of children manipulated by children. They

are being manipulated by adults.

--Monday: Minister Le Grange tells about the M-plan, the secret underground
structure designed by Nelson Mandela in 1953. He also mentions the source of
the fire arms which are often used in black neighborhoods these days to shoot

at the police.
[28 Apr 86 p 7: "Nelson Mandela's Secret Plan]

[Text] The M-plan was drawn up over 30 years ago by ANC Leader Nelson
Mandela, even before he had been sentenced to prison. The M stands for
Mandela. SAPA-REUTER reported recently that cells of street committees have
come to life under that plan in some places in East Cape Province, especially
in black neighborhoods such as New Brighton near Port Elizabeth. Edgar Ngoyi,
East Cape Province leader of the United Democratic Front, described it as a
very important structure. ", . .We must understand what is taking place in a
certain street," he said. In this second part in a series on the unrest in
black areas, Mr Louis le Grange, minister of Law and Order, throws more light
on that plan and answers a number of questions put to him by Jacques van Wyk.

Question: It is claimed that street committees are being established in some
black neighborhoods under a plan designed by Nelson Mandela in 1953. Is that
true? And what exactly is that plan?

Minister Le Grange: The creation of secret underground structures is not a
strange phenomenon. According to Mandela's M-plan, ANC members’ should
establish a cell in every street of every neighborhood. The cells of various
streets are represented by a "cell steward." Seven cells form a zone, and the
chief representative or "chief steward" of a zone, together with four other
"chief stewards" constitute a department. The intention of this structure is
not initially to serve as an alternative for any government body.

There is also the G-plan, started primarily by Matthew Goniwe in Lingelible.
There too, black neighborhoods are divided into districts and subdivided in
street committees.

Active \

The M-plan is the cell system, and the G-plan is the street committee system.
There is actually no difference between the two.

46



the settlers who now rule it. Azapo, as a black liberation organization
in the country itself, wants to retrieve the land in order to build a
socialist society.

Historically Azapo dates from the sixties, when the population lived in
fear, following the bloodbaths at Lange and Sharpeville, and didn't dare
react. The ANC and PAC parties were prohibited. It was in the years of
1968-69 that the student organization, Saso, was formed by people like
Steve Biko, and a high school student movement, SASM, "South African
Students Movement," came into being which worked on dispelling the popula-
tion's fears. The basic idea, in fact, was the same as PAC's idea; "A
mentality revolution," and "psychological liberation." It comes down to
the principle that you must destroy the myth of your opponent's superiority,
before you can fight him. PAC had not been in existence long enough to
clear away those myths, when they [the ANC and PAC parties] were prohibited.
That is how the "black consciousness"-movement came into being, which
dispelled the fears and knew how to mobilize the students, the youth and
their parents. A black organization was formed in the country: the "Black
People's Convention," BPC.

At that time, while the prohibited ANC and PAC parties were still very weak
and not able to exercise any influence in the country itself, they never-
theless played a role by engaging in the armed struggle from abroad, The
BPC gradually took over their role in the country. ANC and PAC had to

wait for a new wave of repression and a new flood of exiles to really grow.
In 1977 the government prohibited the "Black Consciousness"-organizations.
Their leaders were imprisoned without due process, etc. Then the discussion
centered on whether or not a new political organization should be formed.
There were people who were opposed to that idea, since forming new political
parties would be a waste of time because they would simply be prohibited.

To Occupy Territory

Dan Habedi: But our argument was that we knew what had happened after ANC
and PAC had been prohibited, and, if we didn't form a new organization, the
territory in South Africa would again be left vacant and subjected to the
manipulations of the enemy. Therefore, we had to have an organization to
continue the work. Azapo became that organization, the "Azanian People's
Organization," which was formed in 1978. Since that date we have campaigned
for cultural boycotts, against sham elections, those kinds of things. But
as Azapo grew and gained in influence, ANC and PAC members outside the
country began to see that the organization remained strictly independent--
also independent from them--and were becoming an obstacle (one of the
original intentions was to unite ANC and PAC into one powerful party).

They also realized that they needed a political power base in the country.
As you know, that is why the UDF was formed to defend a specific political
line. ‘

But our basic difference involves, as I said, the issue of how the country

should be governed. ANC and UDF make apartheid and the people's resistance
against apartheid their main goal, whereas Azapo sees territorial ownership

75



JPRS«SSA*86+073
Ji July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EPG REPORT DESCRIBES FAILURE TO INITIATE DIALOGUE

Group Issues Warning Against 'Bloodbath'
MB121303 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1027 GMT 12 Jun 86

[Text] London, June 12, SAPA--The Commonwealth peace mission to South
Africa has warned that "concerted action of an effective kind may be the
last opportunity to avert “what could be the worst bloodbath since the
Second World War."

In its report officially issued in London today, the seven-member Eminent
Persons Group [EPG] describes its failure to initiate dialogue between the
South African Government and the banned ANC and charges that "in recent weeks
the government would appear to have moved consciously away from any realistic
negotiating process."

It concludes that for all the people of South Africa and the sub-region as
a whole "the certain prospect is of an even sharper decline into violence
and bloodshed. A racial conflagration with frightening implications threatens."

The report does not directly call for sanctions--but that is what it means
by "concerted action."

It lays blame for its failed mission squarely on the South African
Government.

"Its obduracy and intransigence wrecked the Commonwealth's initiative, but
the issues themselves will not go away, nor can they be bombed out of
existence," it says.

The EPG says its mandate was to foster negotiation with a view to establish-
ing a non-racial and representative government. "It is our considered view
that, despite appearances and statements to the contrary, the South African
Government is not yet ready to negotiate such a future--except on its own
terms.

"Those terms, both in regard to objectives and modalities, fall far short

of reasonable black expectations and well accepted democratic norms and
principles."

85



Mr Rudi Barnhard, mayor of Mossel Bay and a member of the East Cape
Development Council, says that the councils do good work within their limited
means. The councils and their predecessors, the administration councils, have
never had enough money and were forced to set priorities in the spending of

it.
Removal

Mr Willem van Heerden, town clerk of Mossel Bay, says that the councils
originated precisely because some municipalities did not meet their
obligations with respect to blacks. In that context the establishment of the
councils was a wise decision. The councils have “performed miracles," and
reportedly there wouldn't be so many infrastructural problems in black areas
now if 10 years ago much more money had been available to the councils.
Whether a larger expenditure would have béen politically attainable 10 years

ago is another question.

Because of lagging behind for a number of years, the development councils are
now being put under great pressure. The situation is worsened by an
impression in certain circles that their demands will be met if they merely
exercise enough pressure.

Mr Van Heerden says that the fact remains that the establishment of the
councils has caused alienation between local governments and black
communities. In some instances a village had a single white village
administrator for the entire black area. Because blacks could not discuss
their complaints and grievances with the white municipality and thus a
communication gap arose, a degree of alienation set in between white and black
communities.

In Mossel Bay there has been no official contact between the city council and
blacks since the resignation of the last two municipal council members.

Finale va

a
The city council of Mossel Bay does not yet contemplate taking over the
functions of the development council’in the manner of Oudtshoorn, because
there is still a certain degree of uncertainty about the regional ‘service
councils which are going to be established. In those councils blacks will get
the opportunity to bring up their problems.

Mr Carel du Plessis, city clerk in George, is not sure that the regional
service councils will offer the final solution. He doubts whether a few
blacks will be able to make themselves heard, as it were, in a large regional
service council. He is in favor of a joint city council for George's whites,
Coloreds and Blacks and believes that George can set an example for the
country, just as it did in the case of Coloreds (report on p 1).

Mr Du Plessis says if the city council of George had also been responsible for

blacks, he is sure that now the position of Blacks could be compared to that
of Coloreds. He thinks there wouldn't have been any stone throwing then.

40



JPRS-SSA-86-073
11 JULY 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

ConTENTS

BOTSWANA

Libya Pledges Aid for Nation in Wake of RSA Attack
(Douglas Tsiako; THE GUARDIAN, 23 May 86).......-eeeeee weeeee 1

Masire Discusses Agricultural Planning
(DAILY NEWS, 26 May 86)... .cceccceccce cesses ree eeenseeneeecs 2

Residents Urged To Plant Trees To Counter Encroaching Desert
(Jowitt Mbongwe; DAILY NEWS, 6 May 86).....seeeeseseesreeees 4

MOZAMBIQUE

Chissano Opens SADCC Council of Ministers Meeting
(Maputo in English to Southern Africa, 12 Jun 86)........-.- 5

Briefs
Moldavian Delegation 6

NIGERIA

Economic Crisis Forces FRG Business To Consider Withdrawal |
(Carola Kaps; FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE, 21 Apr 86)....--++-++. 7

Finance Minister Announces Quarterly Earnings
(THE TRIUMPH, 27 May 86)....ccececcccceeecccresscecessereees IL

Security Measures Intensified at Jos Airport
(Mike Reis; NEW NIGERIAN, 28 May 86).....ecseeeseceseeceeees 12

Former Representative Junaidu Mohammed Arrested
(THE TRIUMPH, 28 May 86)...



Scrap the pass laws, they said. We did, and it made no difference. Give us
a statement of intent, open the way for blacks to enter the political system.
We did, and it made no difference. Scrap discrimination, they said. We did,
almost everywhere, but it made no difference.

Now they say, the EPG being "they" this time: scrap the Group Areas Act. If
we do, it won't take any difference. They also say: scrap the Population
Registration Act. If we do, it won't make any difference.

That must have been the frame of mind in which the government was contemplat-
ing the coming events, and that is what must have made it decide: self—
interest dictates that we now ignore these demands and threats.

So far they have brought us nothing but uncertainty and it is time that that
uncertainty was ended. Let them do their damndest; at least we know where
we stand then, know what we are in for.

Not that the Cabinet as a whole came to that conclusion all at once.

There are quite serious differences between those who wanted to keep the
negotiating process going for as long as possible while you also try to get
the internal debate on the country's constitutional future off the ground,
and those who have now won.

For too long the cry of sanctions had been used to ward off those who were
saying that what the world wanted was our country, and it was better to face
that earlier than later. This time the argument was not working.

We were going to risk sanctions and isolation because we had coldly calculated
that there was no other way.

This week, in Cape Town, the cold, wet wind swept around the corners of parlia-
ment, towards Tuynhuis and back to the Verwoerd Building. Next week the whole
country may be shivering.

/8918
cso: 3400/051 END

103



problem. It weighs departmental reports in relation to security. It also
decides on training requirements, because everyone must know the system and be
able to-use it, especially in urgent tactical cases.

General van der Westhuizen illustrates a GBS's action in an urgent tactical
case as follows:
A large gathering is organized in a town by revolutionary elements. The
danger exists ‘that it may give rise to rioting and violence.

Along with the civilian departments concerned, and depending on the facts, the
security forces will make plans to deal with the problem. Departmental head
offices and the Secretariat of the State Security Council are also informed.
Communication can take place instantly because the GBS has good, secure
connections at every level. .

Ordinary people can make a contribution in the linking forums through the
organization to which they belong. The ordinary man can, for example,
contribute asa member of an agricultural organization. Or he may be a school
principal or a teacher. In this way everyone of all races can get involved.

The involvement of non-Whites is entirely to the good, says General van der
Westhuizen. 2

The GBS must itself develop organizations and procedures so that the full
weight of the machinery of government, with all its departments, can be
brought to bear'on any situation on the regional level. Organizations and
procedures must be employed at the right: time and place.

\
\

Appropriate action and a minimum of violence are the objective. It is chiefly
a matter of moderating the revolutionary climate, the prevention/defusing of
unrest and the combating of terrorism and other revolutionary acts.

The members of the mini-GBS may, for example, consist of the commanding
officer of the commando, the SAP station commander, the local commanders of
the security police, counterinsurgency units and Railway police, the civil
defense chief, regional heads of all government departments, the Provincial
Administration and local administrations or coopted members.

The chairman of the mini-GBS is chosen by the members.

The importance of the mini-GBS making contact with the population, especially
the silent majority, as an organ of the state; ascertaining and interpreting
needs, bottlenecks, aspirations and expectations on the ground level; and
taking steps to promote regional peace and prosperity in the departmental
context cannot be sufficiently stressed, General van der Westhuizen says.

12906/13104
CSO: 3401/155

63



with respect to police action. He also answers questions by Jacques van Wyk
on the action of vigilante groups in black living areas. 7

Question: One of the goals of the revolutionaries is precisely to entice the
police into drastic action. Is enough provision made in the training of
policemen to teach them how to act in situations of atrocious violence and
extreme provocation?

Minister Le Grange: For the past 18 months all new members of the SA Police
have also been trained in riot control. All members in our schools get, as
part of their basic education, training in riot control as well. All officers
are trained as much as possible in riot control by means of a short course.
Furthermore, human relations are an important element of that training. The
maintaining of sound human relations is put first and foremost.

Question: One extreme criticism is that police brutalities are committed, the
other that the police do not act firmly enough. Do the police act
insensitively in disturbances, do they overreact and shoot too easily?

White against Black

Minister: There is no police force in the whole world which is not eriticized
for its action during disturbances. I must admit that due to the nature of
the matter, under the current circumstances, it is possible for errors of
judgment by members of the force to take place, and some have taken place. But
there is immediate strong action against such members. It is absolutely not
police policy to act unnecessarily harsh under any given circumstances. But
what should definitely be remembered in that regard is that riots are not
parlor games. The police often have to deal with perpetrators of violence,
and therefore it is necessary on occasion for them to act tough.

We are also often reproached for not taking strong enough action. I am
convinced that the police generally try to carry out their duty within the
stipulations of the law. If we were to give in to the demands for stronger
action, we would undoubtedly have to act outside of the limits of existing
legislation.

Question: What troubles many people is that in those riots one gets an
impression of white policemen acting against blacks.

Minister: Yes, that is true. There are not enough trained black policemen
yet. But in the SA Police no distinction is made between the various
racial groups. As far as I am concerned, the SA Police consists of almost
48,000 members, regardless of their color. Whether black members are used in
the white area, or white members in the black area, makes no difference to me.

Question: Another accusation is that there are "apartheid vigilante squads"

which attack blacks in areas where the black local authorities encounter
problems.

49



‘Commitment To Advancement Needed‘
Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 p 9
{Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text] ‘The issue of black advancement in business has *
received only superficial attention and it was
time companies committed themselves to ad-
vancement programmes, said the Project Free +
Enterprise report. .

Black members who had taken part in the
Project Free Enterprise “think-tanks” expressed
frustration with lack of genuine opportunities at,
high tevels, the report said.- . .

In most instances businesses had increased *,
their black labour force in’ mainly. the unskilled °
and semi-skilled levels out of necessity. _

One of the biggest obstacles for the project
had been the near impossiblity of involving or-~
ganised labour, said the report.

It was unfortunate that the levels of mistrust
were at such a level that organised labour often '
viewed itself in competition with management’; ©

* while management viewed unions as obstructive. -

‘The report said business had not always been
the first career choice for blacks. Legislation,
white resistance, exclusion from management,

, discriminatory pay structures and underdevelop-
~ ment of black employees had led to the develop-
ment of the medical, ministerial and teaching
* yocations as highly prized careers. 34

“Blacks entering the business world have been -
regarded as opting for second best, or worse, as t
being second-rate themselves.” ° . .° .

In the first stage of Project Free Enterprise |
research had showed alarming levels of black ©
mistrust and frustration. ~ a

The report said it. was essential that blacks
start seeing that management was sincere in its *
commitment to offer them the same opportuni-
ties and challenges as whites. a Pe

/12828
cso: 3400/027

98

ip8S"85A~86.
July 1986

073


JPRS*SSA*86*073
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA

KAUNDA ON AGRICULTURAL INCENTIVES, MALZE EXPORT BAN

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 31 May 86 p 1

[Text]

Opening theCop-
perbelt Agricultural
and Commercial Show
in Kitwe yesterday, Dr
Kaunda said it was
pleasing that in spite
of problems facing the
farmers, this year’s
maize sales for the
whole nation were esti-
mated at 8.5 million
bags compared with
last season’s 7.1
million bags.

“I wish to make it clear
that no institution in this
country, whether parastatal
or private, should be allow-
ed to export maize outside
the country until the nation
is self-sufficient in its maize
requirements,” he said.

The increase of 1.4
million bags should not
make the country compla-
cent because a total of 11.5
million bags of marketed
production were needed to
be self-sufficient in terms of
demand for human con-
sumption, industrial use as
well as maintaining a 2.5
million strategic reserve.

Stressing the importance
of the agrarian revolution,
Dr Kaunda said the Show
society should explore ways
and means of guiding and
encouraging district shows
as a nucleus for agricultural
and industrial development.

The Party and its
Government had the in-
terests of the farming com-
munity at heart and was
prepared to do everything
possible to make the life of
the farmer as manageable as
prevailing circumstances
would permit,

He praised the work
being carried out by coope-
ratives and large companies
and organisations like the
Mpongwe Rural Develop-
ment. Company, Zambia
Consolidated Copper
Mines, Zambia Congress of
Trade Unions, Mpongwe
Mission, Wijnberg, the
Zambia State Insurance
Corporation and others.

“These developments,
coupled with the ever in-
creasing small-scale farmers
throughout the province’
and the farming activities of
the district councils, give me
a lot of hope that in the not
too distant future, this pro-
vince will be able to feed
itself and even export the
surplus.”

The Party and its
Government was trying
everything possible to en-
sure that agriculture became
the mainstay of the eco-
nomy.

A number of policies,
programmes and incentives
had been adopted in. the
agricultural sector to ensure
its accelerated growth.

Programmes such as part
payment in foreign ex-
change for exportable

23

crops, attractive producer
prices, the removal of
ceilings for producer prices
apart from maize and the
decontrol of marketing
operations for most of the
agricultural commodities
were all intended to create a
business like environment
conducive for accelerated
growth.

The President called on
farmers to take full advan-
tage of the funds specially
reserved for the agricultural
sector in the auction system,

“*So far utilisation of the
funds by the farmers has
been disappointing. I hope,
therefore, that farmers aid
potential farmers will take
this challenge and make
Zambia not only  self-
sufficient in agricultural
Production but a net ex-
porter of agricultural com-
modities.’*

He asked the people in
the province to work hand
in hand with the security
forces to prevent smuggling
of essential goods,  in-
cluding maize, into neigh-
bouring states.

“Whatever maize is pro-
duced and bought in this
province must be consumed
here. Unless this is adhered
to, our nation will always
face artificial food supplies
and shortages.’” .

Dr Kaunda said the Party
and its Government would
like to develop and streng-
then the cooperative move-
ment in Zambia.

Together with primary
societies cooperatives were
at the core of efforts to
develop agriculture, create



KEY FIGURES IN SUCCESSION RACE NOTED

London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 4 Jun 86 ppl, 2

[Text]

President Siad Barre is unlikely to remain president
following a serious car crash on 23 May. Defence
minister and first vice-president Lt-Gen. Ali Samatar
has already effectively taken over government. There
have been intense negotiations among the Somali
clans, particularly Barre’s Marehan clan, about a
post-Barre balance of power. But at this stage it
seems that Lt-Gen. Samatar is firmly in control.

The car crash happened in heavy rain 13 kilometres
from Mogadishu on the road to Afgoi when the
president’s car, driven by the mayor of Mogadishu,
Hassan Abshir Farah, ran into the back of a bus.
A car-load of bodyguards immediately rammed them
from behind. Five security staff were reportedly
killed. Barre’s injuries included three broken ribs, a
severe blow to the head (apparently causing a blood
clot on the brain), heavy abdominal bruising and
possible damage to the kidneys, and severe nervous
shock. Aged well over 70, his condition now appears
to be stable, though he remains in intensive care at
a hospital in Riyadh. He was unconscious for several
hours. Yesterday he was still unable to speak coher-
ently. His brother, foreign minister Jama Barre,
continues to keep visitors away from the hospital.

Barre was originally rushed to the Medina police
hospital in Mogadishu. Almost immediately it was
decided to call in outside help. Lt-Gen. Samatar
personally telephoned the governments of Kenya,
Saudi Arabia and Italy. All offered immediate assist-
ance. A Kenyan plane flew into Mogadishu early
on Saturday morning with an emergency team of
doctors. However, they said that they did not have
the necessary equipment for further operations, so
he was then taken off that afternoon to the military
hospital in Riyadh by an airforce hospital plane sent
by Saudi Arabia. (The Italian offer of medical help
in Mogadishu was refused as it was thought that it
might arrive too late. A couple of Italian doctors
later arrived in Riyadh).

19

JPRS*SSA~86+073
11 July 1986

SOMALIA



moving upwards, as did that of minerals, indicating that the world was jittery
about our immediate future, jittery about the next weeks.

Those who understand how markets work were apprehensive.

It was a week of waiting, of uncertainty, of almost knowing that what we
had half-known for years might actually be about to happen--sanctions engulf-
ed.us while violence internally flared and flared again.

We were moving into the home stretch. All those dreadful fears we had
whispered to one another late at night over all these years were finally
becoming reality.

What could we do at this late hour to stop what was about to happen, we ‘the
little people who live ordinary lives? Very little, except to look at our
government and hope that it was acting in a rational, cool, calm and collected
manner as the crisis descended on us.

We have to assume that that was the manner in which it was acting, that it
knew all along what the consequences of its actions were going to be, that
they had been calculated and that it had been decided to press on anyway.

Not assuming that would mean that the level of irrationality is too ghastly
to contemplate.

Another set of assumptions then have to be made. The first is that the
government decided that it could never satisfy the demands made on it, that
whatever it did would always be not enough and lead to yet another round of
demands, and this was consistently eroding its own position inside the country.

Secondly, that the threat of sanctions was worse than the actuality. Thus,
as we cannot satisfy the demands made on us, we might as well look to our-
selves first and the foreign reaction second. If we do get sanctions in
some manner, or, more correctly, slide a little deeper into the sanctions
mud than we already have, then so let it be.

That is a cold, cool and rational calculation if there ever was one.

It would explain why we bombed Lusaka's outskirts hours after the EPG
{Eminent Persons Group] left the Zambian Capital, while we are again helping
Jonas Savimbi in Angola, while we push through harsh security measures at the
very moment the EPG, the USA and the EEC are considering what steps to take

against us.

Paul Kruger, shortly before the South African War stormed out of a meeting
with Lord Milner, saying: "It is not the vote you want for the Uitlanders
[foreigners] it is my country you want.

More than 80 years later, we were told: scrap the Immorality Act and we
will accept that you are serious about reform. We did and it made no differ-

ence.

102



UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA UPDATE

Deans Office Restructured

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 30 May 86 p 1

[Text]

THE OFFICE of the Dean
of students at.the Lusaka
Campus of the University of
Zambia. (UNZA) is being
restructured and the incu-
mbentMr Robert Kapopo
has been given other duties
at the Registrar’s office.

The administration has
appointed senior assistant
Dean of Students Mr Mi-
nerva Tembo to be in char-
ge of the Dean’s office for
administrative convenie-
nee,

The decision to restruc-
ture the office was in line
with the recommendations
of the UNZA commission of
inquiry which was chaired
by former member of the
Central Committee, Mr
Wesley Nyirenda.

The University Council
has sanctioned the restru-
cturing of the office of the
dean in view of the fluid
situation at the campus.

On Tuesday, UNZA vice-
chancellor, Dr Jacob Mwa-
nza told a senior staff meet-
ing at the campus that the

idea of restructuring the
office of the Dean of Stu-
dents was being looked
into.

To ensure effective coor-
dination, and to strengthen
the office, Dr Mwanza said
there was need to restru-
cture the office so that it be-
comes academic and not
administrative.

Meanwhile, the Lusaka
campus administration was
still assessing the damage
caused to property during
student unrest which led to
the closure of the institu-
tion nearly two weeks ago.

Sources at the campus
indicated ‘that _ students
were likely to be fined
amounts exceeding K100
depending on the extent of
the damage.

Already, the United Bus
Company of Zambia (UBZ)
was demanding payment of
over K300,000 for trans-
porting the students to
their respective areas wher
the campus closed. .

31

JPRS“SSA~86-073
UL July 1986

ZAMBIA



JPRS*SSA-86~073
LU July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

POLICE TO GAIN GREATER AUTHORITY IN CASE OF INCREASED UNREST
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 May 86 p 12
[Editorial: "More Muscle for the Police]

[Text] The proposed modifications in the Internal Security Act, which provide
for greater power for the Police, will certainly elicit outcry from those
circles that view the existing security legislation as "draconic" already. It
is indeed too bad that it is necessary to introduce intensified measures, but
extraordinary circumstances demand special powers.

More rigorous legislation alone will°not make South Africa a safer country.
However, under the prevailing circumstances, conferring greater authority to
the Police is preferable to declaring a state of emergency, which always has
an oppressive impact. Current statutes apparently have deficiencies that make
it difficult forthe Police to take effective action in situations of unrest.

Leftist-radical groups will certainly attack the new legislation to toss
around charges of a police state. These people are the first in line to
suspect’ the Police, but whenever violence breaks out as in Crossroads right
now, they are quick to ask why the Police does not put an end to it.

Nevertheless, it is striking that the bill contains a number ‘of control
mechanisms intended to protect the interests of the individual. In addition,
it is emphasized that the change in the law is a temporary measure that can be
put into effect in cases of intensified unrest. Every proclamation
authorizing it will at the same time have to be introduced in Parliament.

The greater amount of muscle for the Police is clearly not intended to make
South ‘Africa a country in which people can simply disappear. This could only
happen if the Police were to misuse its power. As with other legislation,
this will have to be guarded against.

12271 ;
cso: 3401/154 ‘

55



JPRS*SSA~86+073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

WEST COAST OIL EXPLORATION--The search for oil and gas will possibly be
expanded to certain areas of the west coast that justify further exploration,
the minister of mineral and energy affairs, Mr Danie Steyn, said yesterday in
Cape Town. This step could lead to better prospects for growth on the west
coast, he said. There are also other coastal areas that should be further
explored for oil and gas. Mr Steyn spoke during a ceremony in Table Bay
Harbor at which the tugboat Pentwo Skua was officially christened. The actual
"christening" was done by Mr Steyn's wife, Mrs Hermana Steyn. The Pentow
Skua, the largest vessel in South Africa intended for service to oil rigs, has
been rented by SOEKOR for 3 years and will serve in the Mossel Bay oil fields.
Pentow Marine bought the tugboat for six million rands. [Text] [Cape Town DIE
BURGER in Afrikaans 21 May 86 p 1] 12271

cso: 3401/154

73



JPRS~SSA-86 4
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA

KAUNDA APPOINTS TARIFF INQUIRY PANEL, TERMS OF REFERENCE
Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 3 Jun 86 p 1

[Text] PRESIDENT Kaunda has appointed the long-awaited tariff commission

of inquiry which will make recommendations to stem imports of luxur:
goods which are threatening the survival of some local industries. ,

The 1¥-man_ commission
headed by Dr Kaunda's
former political adviser
Mr Mark Chona, com-
prises many eminent
persons from the .Gov-
ernment, the parastatal
sector, the business com-
munity, the labour
movement and the
University of Zambia.

A Government Gazette sup-
plement dated May 30,
said, the commission
would investigate and
feport on matters related
to the tariff structure in
Zambia and make appro-
priate recommendations.

The terms of reference
require the commission
to cover the following
aspects:

¢ Divide the entire eco-
nomy into sectors;

° Break down these eco-
nomic sectors into special
sectors;

¢ Identify which companies
need protection or pre--
ference;

© Identify which products
are essential or non-
essential and which need
protection or prefer-
ence;

© Study the existing entire
tarift structure in Zam-

ia;

* Make recommendations
as to Rabe sectors. re-
quire ference or pro-
tection without any need

to SI
tariffs; and

© Examine other issues.
relevant to its task,
taking into account the
Investment Act of 1986
and the Preferential
Trade Area (PTA) treaty.

The full composition is
as follows: Mr Chona
now a businessman,
(chairman), Mr Mumba
Kapumpa, treasurer-
counsel with the Mini-

stry of Finance and
Planning (secretary),
Kitwe Hig! Court
judge Mr Justice
Anthony Lawrence,
Indeco executive director
Mrs Namukolo Silangwa,
Zambia __ Consolidated
Copper Mines director
Dr Edwin Koloko, con-
troller of customs and
excise Mr Japhter Nku-
nika, managing director
of National Import
and Export tion.
Mr Clement Mambwe,
chairman of Zambia
Industrial and Commer-
wcial Association, Mr
‘Andrew Kashita and Mr
Martin Sakala.

Others are permanent
secretary for Agriculture
and Water Development
Mr Neg’andu Magande,

25

his counterpart for
Commerce and Industry
Mr Fred Kazunga, com-
missioner of taxes Mr
Lazarous Bwalya,
Commercial Farmers
Bureau executive of-
ficer Mr John Hudson,
Mr Aubrey Landless, a
farmer, Zambia Con-
gress of Trade Unions
chairman Mr Frederick
Chiluba, ZCTU general
secretary Mr _ News-
tead Zimba, Mr John
fie sat Sie

le (Zam jr Situ.
mbeko Musolotwane of
the economics depart-
ment_at the University
of Zambia and Mr
Patrick White.

The commissioners will
be sworn in today at
the High Court by the
acting Chief Justice. Mr
Justice Frederick Cho-
mba. The chairman,
sitting with eight other
commissioners shall
constitute a quorum.

The President has directed
that the recommenda-
tions should be sub-
mitted to him as soon
as possible after the com-
missioners have complet-
ed their findings.

The appointment of the
commission comes in
the wake of widespread
concern by both.Govern-
ment and the public



“one industry, one union’’. Most UDF unions, on
the other hand, are general unions, which organise
themselves across different industries. The few UDF
unions which do try to stick to one industry are less
rigorous in doing so, and are less well organised,
than their Fosatu counterparts. -

To outsiders the philosophical differences between
industrial unionism (with strong shop-floor bases)
and general unionism often seem inconsequential.
Yet conflict over this ethic at least once led to the
breakdown of the talks which eventually spawned
Cosatu. The general unions, it will be recalled, were
excluded from the talks for a long time. One of the
trade-offs for bringing the UDF unions back into
the talks was that industrial unionism would be a
non-negotiable condition.

Thus the cracks between Cosatu’s members were
papered over in the interest of achieving greater
clout. Certainly all the unions under the Cosatu
umbrella are virulently anti-apartheid; they see them-
selves as part of a joint struggle for a non-racial,
democratic country; and they have all concentrated,
inevitably, on recruiting African, Indian and
coloured workers.

Before Cosas inauguration it was widely
expected that Fosatu unionists would dominate the
new federation. As it turned out, however, it was
the UDF unionists (and Fosatu ones with strong UDF
sympathies) who got elected to most of Cosatu’s
executive posts. Hence Cosatu’s identification with
the broad, populist anti-apartheid movement, and
its frequent support for UDF campaigns. Yet Cosatu
does remain independent from the UDF, and the
creation of national industrial unions remains one
of its tenets.

Aside from quasi-political differences about the
desirability of industrial unionism, the logistical dif-
ficulties of achieving it are considerable. Disbanding
the general unions and ‘“‘redistributing’’ their mem-
bers to a new amalgamation of industrial unions is
a complicated administrative task. The process is
aggravated by suspicions harboured by some unions
about the validity of membership claims made by
other unions, particularly by UDF ones.

In February Cosatu instructed the dominant
unions in each of the 10 industrial sectors to oversee
the mergers, and the general unions to identify the
various sectors to which their members should be
reallocated. Two of the largest general unions ~
the SA Allied Workers’ Union (SAAWU) and the
General & Allied Workers’ Union (GAWU) - more
or less accomplished this.

91



JPRSSSA-86~073
1 July 1986

MOZAMBIQUE

BRIEFS

MOLDAVIAN DELEGATION--Maputo, 7 Jun--A delegation of CPSU party workers
headed by P.P. Petrik, secretary of the Moldavian Communist Party Central
Committee, has arrived in the Mozambican capital under the plan for party
ties between the CPSU and the Mozambique Liberation Front party. . [TASS
report: "Delegation's Arrival"] [Text] [Moscow PRAVDA in Russian 8 Jun. 86

First Edition p 4 PM] /8918

CSO: 3400/047



JPRS“SSA-86~073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

AZAPO MEMBER ON STRATEGIES AGAINST APARTHEID

Brussels KNACK in Dutch 16 Apr 86 pp 101, 103

[Interview with Dan Habedi; by 'S.V.E.': "The Struggle is Over Azanialand";
date and place not specified; first paragraph is introduction]

[Text] Interview with a black Azapo militant about the majority's strategy,
and the position of the races in the struggle against racism and colonial-

ism in South Africa.

The South African political spectrum has become fragmented to a high degree,
due to the division in the black movements, which has intensified even

more in past months. The ANC/UDF parties (the prohibited African National
Congress and its domestic-oriented partner), which are well-known here, has
for a long time viewed the PAC (Pan African Congress of Azania) as an
opponent--the more so, since ANC/UDF are Marxist and non-racially inspired
movements and PAC is a more racial than class struggle-oriented movement.
The difference between these two parties, in the first instance, is one of
approach: the ANC, which recognizes both white South Africans and
Afrikanders as legitimate South Africans, wants to cooperate with them to
overthrow the apartheid regime and to replace it with a "democratic,
pluralistic society right away. The PAC on the other hand, looks upon the
whites much more as settlers who will be allowed to remain after a black
victory, but until then there can be no cooperation between them. To these
two schools of thinking a third can be added, the one of the age-old
ethnic battles among the African tribes, which in the end benefit the white

minority regime.

It is against that background that strategic discussions in the anti-apart—
heid camp in South Africa traditionally take place and against which, at
present, the large concentration of South African workers in united trade
unions like COSATU (Congress of South African Trade Unions) must be seen.

In these discussions one sees the difference between the groupings, the one
being even more radical and/or politically oriented than the other. One

of the more radical organizations is the Azapo, the "Azanian People's
Organization." Azapo member Dan Habedi, a trade union member from Transvaal,
was in Belgium to talk about a couple of issues.

Dan Habedi: Azapo in fact is fighting for the return of the country.
Historically Azanialand belongs to the blacks, but fell into the hands of

7



There is often resistance because people say it is an all-white party.
“But I tell them it will only become nonracial if they join." Buyana's
efforts have already led to the establishment of a full-scale branch at
Tuba village in Kwelera, a black spot outside East London. There are also
members in Duncan Village, Mdantsane, Mgwali and other rural and urban
areas in the border.

His work in these areas has not been uncontroversial. ‘There have been
accusations from community groups that PFP recruitment in areas with
existing residents’ associations has caused divisions which have, in some
cases, led to physical clashes. Buyana denies the charges.

"There was no intention to take over from any organisations, but rather to
rescue the people from police and army intimidation."

PFP general secretary Robin Carlisle said that although Buyana was the first
African organiser employed by the party, there were full-time workers of
other groups employed elsewhere. The PFP was hiring people according to
their suitability, not on the basis of race.

Although race might sometimes play a role, in Buyana's case it had been
primarily language. Besides, Buyana was a "bloody good organiser, a man
with fire in his belly".

Carlisle said there was no PFP "push into the townships". The emphasis
there was less on recruitment than on monitoring.

The party was able to mediate in some conflict situations, and at the same
time indicate to black communities "who we are, what we stand for",

Black organisers would be particularly useful in this work, he added, but
would also be used in general political work. In Johannesburg, Carlisle
said, there had been a good response to the canvassing done for the party by
a coloured worker.

/12828
CSO: 3400/020

80



JPRS*SSA~86+073
11 July 1986

BOTSWANA

MASIRE DISCUSSES AGRICULTURAL PLANNING

Gaborone DAILY NEWS in’ English 26 May 86 pp 1, 2

[Text]

MABULE: The President Dr
Quett Masire has said that
Botswana is a semi-arid
country which is in pursuit of
agricultural produce for
Subsistance marketing.

Addressing a kgotla
meeting here last Wednesday,
Dr Masire said the current
drought has further exposed
how vulnerable our economic
system is.

The Government, he said
has adopted a national food
strategy and has also looked
into land planning and usage.

Agricultural developent
must therefore take place in
the context of planning
because of pressure on land
resources.

Dr Masire said government
can only assist the people to
work the land to ensure that
it sustains future
developments.

He warned that it was
evident that the desert was
mushrooming in areas in the
east as a result of the drought,
over-stocking and over-
grazing.

Dr Masire said surrounding
villages are also under
extreme pressure from
animals looking for fodder
and the people felling trees
for fuel.

“It is not worthy, however,
that in the past couple of
years, Botswana has taken
heed of the advice against
causing veld fires,” said the
President.

The President further
warned that when de-
sertification occurs Botswana
will have no hope of persuing
future agricultural
development. He said it was
not too late to start fighting it
by resolving to conserve our
land resources to trees and
range lands.

Dr Masire added that it Is
the people inhabiting any area
who must do the work, and
plan future land utilisation,
and safeguard resources for
their benefit and future
generation.

He called all people to
strengthen their
organisational skills and
support bodies like VDC and
use them as vehicles of

“consultation. !

He cautioned that
Batswana must know all the
guidelines, these bodies have
provided, so that they do not
unwittingly continue to
plunder resources.

Dr Masire summed up his
message by appealing for



IJPRS*SSA~86~073
Jl July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FIRST BLACK PFP ORGANIZER DISCUSSES BACKGROUND
Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 6-12 Jun 86 p 16

[Article by Franz Kruger]

[Text] Zola Buyana, the first African to be employed by the PFP as an
organiser, is at pains to highlight close historical links with the ANC.

The 40-year-old former prison warder speaks of his father who was
treasurer of the east London branch of the ANC when it was still legal. He
hints at sympathies for the organisation--even after its banning.

When it is pointed out to him that some of the activities he claims to have
been involved in may amount to crimes, he says: "Well, if they are crimes
to the government, they are not crimes to the people." Nevertheless, he
requests careful treatment of these "sensitive matters" as he could "end up
in a corner".

What brings a former ANC supporter into the PFP?--"I find the constitutional
proposals of the PFP similar to the Freedom Charter."

He claims to have decided, in consultation with a group of ex-Robben Island
prisoners, to enter the party for strategic reasons.

"We came into the PFP office to discuss common ground, and it was agreed to
link with the PFP," he says. Confidence in the party grew when it went to
Lusaka to meet ANC leaders.

He believes strongly in the PFP's capacity to effect change.

“We must work hard to change the government's constitution. Things could
be better if the PFP was given the chance to lead the country," he says,
"The party stands a good chance of winning a general election because of the
divisions in Afrikaner ranks."

Buyana concedes there are differences between the PFP-proposed Bill of Rights

and the Freedom Charter, particularly when it comes to property rights,
but points out that the Charter itself is ambiguous on the point.

78



[Obasanjo] Well, if they have lost everything for the past what, since the
ANC came into existence, since 1912, and they have no political rights, no
economic rights to talk of, they can be moved around and be oppressed and
exploited, they can be killed--the way they are being killed--obviously, if
they then see an opportunity other than shooting their way out, because these
are human being. Don't forget. They enjoy life just as the whites enjoy life,
they love their family just as the whites in South Africa and elsewhere love
their family, they want to live with their family, they want to enjoy the good
things of life and so why shouldn't they? [sentence as heard] So if they
agree to give in temporarily on violence and negotiate, it's understandable
and if those who enjoy everything now and deprive others, the majority, from
enjoying anything, feel that it will continue to be that for the rest of their
lives, then they do not understand history and history is bound to prove them
wrong. :

{Marshall] You yourself personally had an opportunity to meet Nelson Mandela
three times when you were in South Africa. How did you find him?

[Obasanjo] I found him an impressive man. I found him airly well informed
in spite of his incarceration in prison. He said to me and to the whole group
just as we have to try to satisfy to some extent the aspirations of the black
communities of our society, we have to allay the fears of the white community
and when he was further asked, look, what do you see? How do you see this
progress? What do you see emerging at the end of the day? He said well, I
know that the first government that will come out of the negotiations will
have to be what we call a negotiated government which will include black and
white because we still need to have time to build up confidence. [end
recording]

/8918
cso: 3400/051

89



First of all, we have not loved the colored peoples of this country as
ourselves, and we have not done unto them as we would have them do unto us.

Despite the good intentions, it was soon obvious that apartheid is a selfish
ideology that has unilaterally promoted the interests of Whites at the expense
of the interests of coloreds.

The NG Church demanded certain laws--and the government eventually created
even more laws--that were biased in favor of Whites and against Blacks.

Apartheid in the ecclesiastical and political domain has hurt colored people.

"It is part of the NG Church's sin that we have not listened to this and
fundamentally -reconsidered apartheid. There is no doubt that we would be
dissatisfied if we were to be treated in this way.

"This makes the NG Church's support of apartheid a sin."
Status

In general terms, apartheid has totally isolated the NG Church. Initially, it
was the NG Church itself that broke off ties with wider church bodies. Later,
these bodies took the initiative in this.

It is remarkable that the NG Church has held apartheid in such esteem that it
has been willing to risk its entire position in Christianity for it. This
means that, in a certain sense, the church's support of apartheid has assumed
the status of a confession of faith.

“While our church leaders at first tried to console us with the opinion that
it is the influence of liberalism and communism in the other churches that
causes animosity towards us, it gradually became clear that it is the totality
of Christianity that/ condemns us--regardless of whether it is liberal or
conservative groups."

Thus, we must also confess that we have considered a thing that has nothing to
do with the gospel to be so important, and that our church unity and community
has been sacrificed for the sake of a political ideology.

We must also confess that we have been insensitive to Christianity’s united
abhorrence of apartheid and that we have thus been prideful and have misjudged
the gift that God has given us in the communion of saints.

People who want the NG Church to confess its guilt of apartheid are sometimes

. accused of doubting the good intentions of the NG Church. There is no doubt
that the NG Church has done and continues to do providential work among
coloreds, and that the Lord has blessed this.

However, this blessing can no longer be offhandedly tied to apartheid. There

are other churches that have done good works and are providentially blessed,
and that have always been against apartheid.

57



JPRS*SSA+86°073
JA July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA
&

HEUNIS ON MEASURES TO IMPROVE CROSSROADS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 May 86 p 1

[Text] The government is going to take active steps to speed up the
improvement of Crossroads, Mr Chris Heunis, minister of constitutional
development, told DIE BURGER yesterday.

Mr Heunis said that Mr Timo Bezuidenhoud, regional director of his department,
in the Western Cape, is being freed from his other obligations and ‘put in
charge of the priority assignment of improving the area.

Mr. Heunis said that the area that was burned down in the disturbances of the
last few days has been evacuated. Orders have been given that it be sealed
off so that people's belongings that were not destroyed can be protected and
to prevent squatting from taking place in this area again. People who still
have belongings and housing structures there will receive the opportunity to
remove them under protection.

For the improvement of Crossroads that is enjoying high priority, the density
of Crossroads will at any rate have to be reduced. —

A start will now be made with providing the damaged area with proper services.
As soon as it is finalized, Blacks from other parts of Crossroads will be
moved there so that attention can be given to improving the rest of
Crossroads. : : :

Mr Bezuidenhoud said in an interview yesterday that he will approach his job
as head coordinator of "Operation Crossroads," as it is known, with eagerness
and dedication.

He views the improvement of Crossroads as his first priority. In addition, he
will attempt to get some form or another of accommodations for the poor of
Crossroads as soon as possible.

Mr Bezuidenhout said that his starting point is that better living conditions
must be offered to everyone. He will-do everything possible to improve the
social conditions of the people and to work towards a normalization of family
life. The first requisite for this is that a family have some form or another
of accommodations.

Mr Bezuidenhoud gained his experience during the negotiations on resettling
people from Crossroads to Khayelitsha. He has been involved with Crossroads
continuously since 1979, and was designated Housing Man of the Year in 1985.

12271 53

CSO: 3401/154



based partly on population
and number of States. Many
welfare aspects also called
population into consideration
if we therefore rule out the
political aspects of census
because there was no politics,
we cannot rule out the em-
phasis on the welfare aspects
of it.

DISSATISFACTION

In order to remove the 1973
census from the list of conten-
tious national issue, the
Federal and State Govern-
‘ments appointed  non-
controversial figures to head
the Federal and State census
machineries.

But a loak at the line up of
the official who’s who of the
National Census Board reveal-
ed that the Board was
dominated by the officials
from the Western State.

It should be observed that
Western State, a former
Western Region, was not
much affected by the creation
of 12 states. Only a small por-
tion of land of this former
region was merged with the
Lagos Capital Territory to
form Lagos State. It was by
far the most outstanding State
in the Federation.

Elaborating on the composi-
tion of the Board, the New
Nigerian of December 12, 1974
said “apart from several
demography experts and
other lesser officials of
Western State origin, there
were three Western Yoruba
census bosses and experts
consecutively following one
after the other in a seniority-
row, such as the Chairman of
the ‘National Census Board,
Chief Adetokunbo Ademola,
the Chief Census Officer, Mr.
A. Adewole, and the Deputy
Chief Census Officer, Mr.
Fred Falokun.””

This is not all. Many States
were not represented in the
headquarters of the National
Census Board &nd in the
technical division of the cen-
sus board.

As expected, suspicion
arose!

Answering questions from
Malam Sidi Ali Sirajo during

the weekly RKTV programme
at Kaduna on September 6,

973, the Benue Plateau

ilitary Governor, Mr. J.D.
Gomwalk called for represen-
tation of all States in the
Federation on the staff of the
headquarters of the National
Census Board and “not only on
the policy making body”. He
pointed out that if such sug-
gestion was not accepted
“with all the goodwill in the
World, with all the honesty,
there will be some people who
would not believe that the
figures have not been
tampered with.”

Defending the staffing and
representation of the National.
Census Board, Chief
Adetokunbo Ademola said
that apart from the Ad-
ministrative section, it had not
been easy to recruit personne!
into the technical branch from

the States of the Federation
because of “the inability of
some States to produce man-
power required.” (see New
Nigerian of 2ist September,
1973, page 1).

Will this explanation erase
fear and suspicion of some
Federating Units? Will they
not even be pleased to have
even figure heads represen-
ting their interests than none
at all? Do we understand the
practical characteristics of
Federalism?

Many well-meaning
Nigerians called on the Na-
tional Census Board to let
every State have full
representation in both
technical and administrative
branches, But to no avail.

With all said and done, Na-
tional population census was
conducted and completed by
the Census Board in conjunc-
tion with the State Govern-
ments, There was a census
board in each State and it was
more or less under the in-
fluence or control of that State
Government.

In April 1974, Gowon an-
nounced the provisional
figures of the census to be
79.76 million. In his broadcast
to the Nation, he said, among

15

other things, “the figures are
very provisional but I can say
that the 1973 head count was

probably he most thorough-
head-count of human ‘beings
by human beings any where in
the world.”

But in some sections of the
country there was discontent
and dissatisfaction with these
figures.

We have to note that result
of the 1973 census which, ac-
cording to provisional figures
indicates a decrease of over
‘4% a million in the population
of Western State. This is quite
peculiar in terms of 10 yearly
head-counts in the absence of
natural disasters: such as
earth-quakes, floods,
epidemics and the like.

Even the states
-Midwestern, Rivers, Eastern-
Central - ‘With exception of
South-Eastern “which were
seriously affected by the Civil
war, have population increase
in the 1873 census. .

at ld have happened?
Did the Western State inflate
the 1963 census figures which
was now exposed in the 1973
census exercise? Or did the
‘suspicion and fear created by
the composition of the -Na-
tional Census Board, - make
some Northern States inflate
their census figures: as a
remedial measure? I cannot
‘answer but serve as a guide.

REACTIONS

Because of lack of con
fidence in the composition of
the National Census Board,
the Northern States seemingly
participated in the census ex-
ercise in district of their
southern _ counterparts
especially the Western State.

But after the head-count, the
Northern States were satisfied
with the provisional tigure
because, comparatively, their
States had a higher percen-
tage of population increase;
while the South, especially
Western State had no reason
to be satisfied. Lo

These satisfaction and



and others. Thus there are many factors which one should take into account
which cannot be directly or indirectly attributed to any government standpoint
or action.

Although there is a noticeable leveling off in the broad scope of unrest which
originates from the revolutionary climate, one must accept that the radicals
apparently are succeeding in creating a momentary situation of unrest in place
after place where previously there was clearly peace and quiet.

Question: Would you say that East. Cape Province is the most difficult spot
with respect to unrest?

Minister: I would not say it is the most difficult spot. It is traditionally
a difficult spot. It has been a turbulent region for over 200 years for
various reasons and under various governments. East Cape Province is a
difficult area.

Question: Is it more difficult than Witwatersrand?

Minister: No, Witwatersrand with its large concentration of people is a very
sensitive area. We are very conscious of that and therefore give a lot of
attention to it.

Question: Would you say those are the two most difficult regions?

Minister: “Yes. East Cape ‘Province and Witwatersrand are two regions which we
consider . as very sensitive and to which we give considerable attention in all
areas.

Question: You denied in Parliament that the radicals succeeded in controlling
black neighborhoods and in some cases making them inaccessible to the
authorities. But isn't it true that the radicals have acquired a degree of
control in certain respects?

Minister: That is correct. The opposition says there are areas which are so
dominated by radicals that the government is unable to exercise control there
and furthermore that they are inaccessible to government forces, those so-
called "no-go areas." I said there is no "no-go area" for the SA Police in
South Africa, and I am not willing to accommodate any area of that nature.
This is a point which I want to state very clearly. Ido not accept that
under any circumstances, and neither the SA Police nor the Security Forces as
a whole will permit any "no-go areas" to arise for our security forces. After
all, we certainly have enough strength for that. That is a point one should
clearly understand. The public is being misled by the debate which is going
on, and that distinction is not being made.

But it is nevertheless a fact that there are black areas where the UDF and
other organizations exercise control by means of intimidation, which hampers
the state administration.

44



depends on their support. What kind of support do you receive from that
group, and what can be done to protect them better? .

Minister: The majority of blacks are lawful and peace-loving people, who want
nothing to do with radical elements. But unfortunately that larger majority
is intimidated by a small minority in certain areas.

This is a difficult problem to deal with, but the SA Police, with the help of
the Defense Force and other security forces, does everything possible to
identify intimidators, take action against them and bring them before the
courts. Further the state is utilizing all available means to train as soon
as possible as many municipal police as possible so that there will be a more
visible presence of police in all those various areas.

Control

Question: In Parliament pleas were made in favor of blacks being allowed to
protect themselves.

Minister: What they really had in mind was that more black municipal
policemen should be trained. They are policemen who function in their own
areas under their own administrative structure, their own city-, village-or
community councils, so that they can better control and discipline their own
people, according to their own style.

Question: Last year the SA Police had only 18,000 black members. Surely that
is altogether too few.

Enough?

Minister: Yes, that is too few, but therefore I announced that the Force will
be expanded with 40,000 men.

Question: But will 40,000 be enough if one takes into account that large
black population of millions?

Minister: It won't be satisfactory yet, but according to our calculations we
will, on that basis, be able to act much more effectively than now.

--Tomorrow: Minister Le Grange answers more questions. Do the police
sometimes act too harshly. Do they fire too easily? What is being done to
make police action in riots more effective and safe? What role do vigilantes

or home guards play?

[29 Apr 86 p 13: "Home Guards Don't Suit Revolutionaries"]

[Text] The police, as first line of defense, is the most important target of
revolutionaries. A particularly severe propaganda campaign is being pursued
against it. In this part on unrest in black areas, the third in our series,
Mr Louis le Grange, Minister of Law and Order, reacts to criticism expressed

48



it becomes again a matter of numbers of tribes within a liberated Azania.
Then you are talking about Zulus who live according to their own culture,
the Sothos, who have their own culture, and we will be divided among our-
selves. He will have a tribal problem, and again the problem that there
will be one dominant culture....

Does that mean that Azapo is more radical than the ANC and PAC movements?

Dan Habedi: That's it, we are more radical. But at the same time, if you
look at what PAC really says, you notice that we will talk about Azanians,
and they will talk about Africans. We don't say that Africans must rule.
Nor are we going to say that the government must be predominantly African.
If it should come to that point, then one should not see the government in
terms of Africans, but of Azanians, because we are against racism. The
matter of races must not be ignored, and that's it: we must actively work
to eradicate all expressions of racism. For that reason, even if you could
say that there is not that much difference between PAC and us, there is
always that shadow that seems to hang more over PAC than over us, because
of their stress on rule by Africans. Because that means that the African
culture must be the culture.

After some time has gone by, it could happen again that Africans oppress and
dictate to other groups. That is the reason why Azapo cannot join PAC,
despite the fact that we have a lot in common. There is also this small
difference: when Azapo talks about "blacks," PAC talks about "Africans."
But when you are talking about "Africans," you are talking about people
like me. But then what about the so-called "Indians," who also came into
the country as forced labor? Who also don't have a say in this country
with regard to what kind of society they would like to have? Who are,
perhaps, less oppressed than the Africans, but who don't have any say over
the degree to which they are being oppressed? And the same goes for the
so-called coloreds. Therefore, when we Azapo members are talking about
"blacks," we bring together all oppressed groups according to their
experiences of oppression, according to the way in which they experienced
the oppression, and not according to the degree of oppression which they
endure, because that is not in their hands.

But you don't work with whites?

Dan Habedi: We don't work with whites. Because when the conversation is
about the ownership of the country, you can not work in cooperation with
the sons and daughters of colonialists to get back your own country. At
the same time we do think that we can live together, after the liberation.
But as long as the struggle lasts, as long as one group stands above the
other, you will always have people who feel inferior, and people who feel
superior, and they should not all be put into the same organizations.

13092/9190
csO: 3614/104



Contradictory Signals

Whoever strives for industrial development, must also allow industry to charge
prices that cover their cost and establish a framework of regulatory policies
which supports, for example, the development of a subcontractor industry or
the utilization of domestic resources, says the automative industry, and
rightly so. Conflicting signals, import restrictions on the one hand and
price controls on the other, are only creating a lot of unrest detrimental to
industrial development, however. To be sure, those in government, who make
decisions on price control, have little interest in a decontrol of prices.

For they receive from the state cheap car credits in amounts approximately
corresponding to the car price stipulated by the state. Since those in charge
buy passenger cars and not commercial vehicles, the truck industry fares much
better. They are at liberty to fully pass onto the final price the different
surcharges, the effects of the exchange rate devaluation or, more recently,
also the import duty of 30 percent. Mercedes is therefore operating with good
profits in Nigeria, whereas VW--under the two-fold burden of inadequate
capacity utilization and controlled prices-~has little to cheer about.

Not only among German investors, but also among the other foreign ones there
are several today who, if they had to make the decision again, would not
invest in Nigeria for a second time. But for most of them the argument that
Nigeria is simply too large to stand still justified their continued com-
mitment; even today in spite of a financial crisis much money is being
invested, large projects are underway and new ones are being started. And
indeed, no other Black African nation has so much ongoing construction as is
the case in Nigeria today, it appears more active and busier than all the
other West African neighbors. Nevertheless, most German firms believe that
without active government support, in other words, without Hermes guarantees
and sponsorships, they soon will not be able to manage any longer. Other
alternatives to overcome the financial bottleneck dare practically non-existent,
because even the oil exchange business, under consideration by many firms as a
way out, has its strict limitations. There are already--according to German
industrial circles--first indications that the united front presented by
official credit insurance institutions toward Nigeria is starting to waver.
There is whispered talk about French firms who, backed by the state credit
insurance Cofas, are supposed to have made new business deals.

PHOTO CAPTION
In August 1985, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida became national president of

Nigeria following an uprising organized by him. It was but one month later
that the 44-year-old former army chief declared a state of economic emergency.

13011/9435
CSO: 3420/35

10



i
efforts to act accordingly at all times. It is our first and most important
weapon against the attack which is being waged against us.

Second, . the police should show at all times that it is acting from a position
of strength and self-confidence.

Image of SA Police

Third, we try to propagate a positive message and to continually identify our
enemies for what they are. Further we give considerable attention to the
general image of the police with respect to its training, behavior, appearance
and everything which is part of the whole picture.

Moreover we have a diversity of programs through which we continually promote
good relations between us and the public.

--Tomorrow: . To what extent black community councils and local governments
have been affected by the unrest.

8700
CSO: 3401/146

52



Tutu's Campaign for Sanctions Criticized
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 3 Jun 86) cece eee e eee ce cee ceeeecees

New Security Measures, Better Treatment of Detainees Proposed
(Editorial; DIE BURGER, 3 Jun 86) eee cence ee eee ececececes

Briefs
West Coast Oil Exploration

BLACKS

Azapo Member on Strategies Against Apartheid
(Dan Habedi Interview; KNACK, 16 Apr 86)....eccecececcecece

First Black PFP Organizer Discusses Background
(Franz Kruger; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 6-12 Jun 86)......eseeceees

Transkei Minister Views on TBV-RSA Cooperation
(SAPA, 15 JUN 86). ....ceceeceeecee cen cceeeeecsecsenccuncees

Tambo Comments on Sanctions, Durban Blast
(PANA, 16 Jun 86).....ccceeceeceseceeceececeeecsescansenes

Briefs
Security Bills’ Withdrawal Urged

Blacks Favor Mixed Suburbs
Blacks on Management Participation

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

EPG Report Describes Failure To Initiate Dialogue
(SAPA, 12 Jun 86; BBC World Service, 12 Jun 86)..........08-

Group Issues Warning. Against 'Bloodbath'
EPG Cochairman Interviewed

Failure of Cosatu's Merger Attempts Described
(AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL, 4 Jun 86) ........ceceeceeeeececnceeees

Findings, Recommendations of Project Free Enterprise Reviewed
(COL1één Ryan; “THE STAR, 9 Jun 86)....cccceeececeececneeeces

Nation's Downward Slide Warning

"Negotiate With Black Leaders'

Inadequate Reform Worsens Crisis

Education Ministry Call

Economic Prosperity Essential

Business Attitude Toward Blacks Criticized
Report Advocates Involving Workers
"Commitment to Advancement Needed'

70

71

73

74

78

81

82

84
84
84

85

85
88

90

93

93
94
95
96
96
97
97
98


will be leased to the Jews and the Blacks respectively for fifty years on the
Hong Kong model! And thereafter? Will the rest also be rented out?

Professor Boshoff, at whose request the amphitheater was made available for
Saturday's gathering, gave assurance that {t would not be a political rally,
but the smell of political gunpowder was unmistakeable. A time of serious
reflection lies ahead for him too.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/155

69



/12828
CSO:

employment opportunities
and improve the living stan-
dards of the people especial-
ly the rural people.

The President commend-
ed the idea of loans for ox-
drawn ploughs and oxen to
cooperative societies saying
the system should be en-
couraged and spread
throughout the nation,

President Kaunda direct-
ed that cooperative con-
sumer shops be established
to serve members with
essential goods at
reasonable prices.

Zana/AFP report: Hail-
ed as the world’s biggest
and most modern tobacco
auction facility, Zim-
babwe’s tobacco sales floor,
@ computer-controlled ope-
ration covering more than
8,135 square metres, was
officially opened in Harare
with unexpected praise
from Prime Minister Robert
Mugabe.

3400/023

24

: tant to us.”

The abstemious Mr Mu-
gabe does not smoke or
drink and usually en-,
courages such sober habits
amongst others. Opening
the spacious new auction
floors, Mr Mugabe said: “1
think all our mothers told
us not to smoke, but they
never told us not to sell.
And if we sell tobacco, we
must grow it, too. It is our
industry and we must sup-
port it.”

Mr Mugabe’s remarks
received hearty applause
from the assembly of Zim-
babwe’s tobacco farmers
and diplomats.

Mr Mugabe said he was
opposed to smoking on
principles of health, ‘‘but
we also have economic prin-
ciples to uphold and the
tobacco industry is impor-



According to Commandant Pierre de Villiers, commander of the Worcester
Commando, the men are exceptionally positively disposed toward their training.

"Other men who were not called up this year approached me before the camp to
ask whether they could come too. Some of those now undergoing training have
real problems, but they came to the camp with a positive spirit. A spirit of
comradeship took hold among them almost immediately, and they play tricks on
each other in their spare time. For instance, one had his shirtsleeve sewn
closed, and a pumpkin and a dry frog turned up in someone else's trunk," he
said. .

Solider P. A. Joubert, a civilian life principal of the Hex Valley High School
at De Doorns, immaculately clad in his new uniform, rifle on his shoulder,
said yesterday that the training is especially important for local defense.

Close

“A pleasant cameraderie has sprung up among our branch, and we quickly made
friends with our fellow soldiers. The organization of the camp is
first-rate," he said.

According to Soldier F. T. van Tondee, a businessman from Touwsrivier, he is

100 percent in favor of the training, even though he had to close his business
for the duration.

12906/13104
CsO: 3401/156

67



about how they are going to deal with the legitimate political aspirations of
non-Whites who are not interested in homelands. Must they be forcibly
suppressed?

The reforms that have aleady taken place in South Africa or have been
announced are rejected by the radical groups that want to bring about a
totalitarian socialist state. What hope can the far rightists have that even
stricter separation will lead to peace and order?

That is nonetheless the sort of escapist politics they offer the voters. In
the process they are doing the country great harm.

12906/13104
cso: 3401/155

60



|

EARLY RAINS AUGUR WELL FOR FARMERS

JPRS“S8A~86~073

LL July 1986

Lagos BUSINESS TIMES in English 26 May 86 pp 1, 32

{Article by Dapo Ajibola]

{Text]

Te early rainfalls in
the first quarter of
this year, were ideal for
early and high crop
yields. This is because
the rains seemed to
mark the peak of an
excellent weather
which started after the
1983 drought.

From climatic points of
view agricultural
production this farming
season is expected to be
better than that of 1983,
by about 70 per cent as
drought is expected to’
affect less than 20 per
cent of the total area of

Nigeria.

In 1983, only about 80 per
cent of the total area of
the country was affected
by drought. But, this
situation improved in 1984
to about 30 per cent and
further improved in 1985 to
20 per cent.

According to a Principal
Meteorologist in the
Agromet Section of
Meteorological
Department, Mr. L.E.
Akeh, the peak of
excellent weather
conditions and crop-yield

/12828
CsO: 3400/041

is expected in 1986 and
1987 cropping seasons.

This is because weather
conditions would have
climbed up to normal in more
than 90 per cent of the
country from the worst
Conditions of 1983 and the
devastating effects of the
drought would have been
wiped out or reduced to a
minimum this season.

One of the pointers to this
expectation is the early arrival
of rains in the country in
1986.

Agro-climatic and agro-
weather data for the first
quarter, that is, January-
April, showed that the rains
came in time and their spatial
or aerial distribution was
good.

Records show that in April
Of 1984 and 1985 rains were
got up to latitude 11°N, but
in 1986 rains were recorded
to have reached above 12°N.

The early and widespread,
in time and space, rains of
the first quarter of this year,
plus the remarkable run of
near normal weather
conditions of sunshine and

17

temperature requirements are
ideal for early and ‘high-crop
yields, if other agronomic!
practices are normal.

The rapid progression of
the rains into the'Hinterlands or
northern region is an
excellent indication of
expecting a marked double’
maxima rainfall in May and
September in the
south/western region (Oyo,
Ogun, Ondo, Bendel and
parts of Kwara).

This particular condition is
ideal for two cropping
seasons, especially cereals
and vegetables which are
good for double cropping
calendar.

Rains recorded in the
months of March and April
showed that in many centres
rainfalls figures exceedet
normal, for example, in
March, Kaduna recorded
17mm in one rainfall, this was
4mm, better than the 13mm
normal mark, Makurdi in the
same fnonth recorded 32mm
as against the 28mm normal.

Also Jos recorded 41mm
as against 23mm normal,
Oshogbo recorded 126mm
against 76mm, Calabar
284mm against 168mm,
Benin 111mm against 107mm
and Ondo 191mm against
108mm.

NIGERIA



JPRS“SSA*86+073
il July 1986

ZAMBIA

LUANSHYA SMELTER SHUT DOWN FOR MAINTENANCE

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 30 May 86 p 1

[Text]

THE smelter at the Luan-
shya Division of Zambia
Consolidated Copper Mines
(ZCCM) willl be ‘closed
down for six months and
the workers transferred to
Nkana and others seconded
to Mufulira divisions.

The smelter will be shut
tomorrow for a major over-
hauling exercise to boost
production in line with the
five-year pilot investment
programme announced :by
ZCCM chairman Mr
Francis Kaunda last
January.

The plan entails laying
off 3,000 miners and
closing down seven operat:

/12828
CSO: 3400/024

ing units. Already more
than 213 miners from
Chambishi and
mine of Nchanga Di
have been re-deployed to
other divisions.

A ZCCM spokesman said
yesterday that few emplo-
yees would be retained for
the rehabilitation of the
smelter. .

Those to be seconded
include metallurgists mi
ly from the anode casting
section while workers to be
taken to Mufulira smelter
would be recalled once
renovations were comple-
ted in December.

He said even by Decem-
ber only one furnace would
be operational at Luanshya

34.

as the second one would not
be ready until April next

year.

**When both furnaces are
fully operational, the Mufu-
lira smelter will shut down
for four to six months to
allow. over-hauling of the
electric furnace.” the
spokesman said.

During -the time the
Mutulira smelter would be
shut © employees
would be seconded to Luan-
shya division until renova
tions were completed.

The spokesman said

+ families of the miners to be

seconded to Mufulira would
remain in their Luanshya
homes “to avoid disruption
of family life,”


JPRS*SSA*86~073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NEW NATIONAL COUNCIL BILL PRAISED

Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 23 May 86 p 12
[Editorial: "National Council"]

[Text] The National Council Bill, which is being published today for general
information and comment, is a particularly important reform initiative that
ean decisively help to lead South Africa out of the present situation of
unrest towards a more peaceful future in which the country's full Potential
can be realized.

The minister of constitutional development regards the proposed council as a
starting point for power sharing, which can result in a government of greater
national unity.

About 30 members will serve on the Council: cabinet members, representatives
of the self-governing states and 20 nominees. Ten of the twenty will be
nominated by any organization, institution or interest group representative of
Black people who live permanently in South Africa, and the other 10 will be
nominated by the state president, who will be the chairman of the council.

The Council will receive wide powers, among which the right to consider all
matters, including existing laws and proposed laws, as well as all steps taken
or proposed by the Executive Authority, as long as the Council deems it to be
in the national interest.

Apparently the Council, if it achieves consensus, will be able to make
recommendations to the government concerning matters of national imporatnce.
Such consensus decisions will have to be implemented, and through this the
Council's prestige and status will increase. Therefore, it can early on
become a powerful instrument to ensure the equal inclusion of Black South
Africans in a new constitutional dispensation.

The government's good faith in the reform process that it has initiated can
hardly be more evident than in the establishment of such a prestigious body.

Hopefully there will be a positive reaction from colored ranks. Their leaders
will now be able to participate actively and visibly in the creation of a new
South Africa, in which everyone will be able to come into his own.

The alternative is revolutionary violence which, as elsewhere, will end ina
revolution that will destroy its own children and eventually be much worse
than anything else that preceded it.

12271 54
CSO: 3401/154



Most observers were surprised by Lt-Gen. Sama-
tar’s quick response to the crisis. In the past he has
been accused of indecision on a number of occasions.
Both the Soviets and the Americans at different
times wanted him to take over from Barre. This

time, however, there was no sign of indecision.
Apart from overseeing foreign medical assistance for
Barre and making sure, for example, that the acci-
dent was announced on the radio, he declared a
first degree alert for the armed forces, effectively
confining them to barracks. This was a crucial move,
for it stopped moves by Marehan troops in Mogadi-
shu to distribute arms and take over the city. The
alert also discouraged the commando battalion (com-
manded by one of Barre’s sons, Lt-Col. Ali Moham-
med Siad) at the Bali Doogle airbase northwest of
Mogadishu from moving into the city.

For a few hours on Sunday morning it seemed
there might be trouble, especially after the radio
station went off the air. But Lt-Gen. Samatar man-
aged to call a meeting of senior officers at the
Officers Club, where he got an almost unanimous
endorsement for his taking over as interim president.
This vote of confidence almost certainly covers him
if he were formally to take over as president.

Naturally the Marehan clan is extremely worried
about its future. A top-level meeting of about 60
Marehans was held in Riyadh last weekend. (One
report ‘said they included Maj-Gen. Mohammed
Hashi Gani, the notorious former commander of the
northern military sector who was sent on a training
course in Texas two months ago. We understand he
did telephone Lt-Gen. Samatar to ask permission to .
go to Riyadh, but had his request refused. He never
left the United States). The Marehan meeting was
most concerned at what would happen if Barre died.
His formidable wife, Khadija, suggested her son,
Col. Masleh, the wealthy head of the army construc-
tion department, should be declared acting president.
The interior minister, Ahmed Suleiman (one of Bar-
re’s sons-in-law), apparently supported this idea.
Though it seemed foolhardy, Khadija has her own
intelligence network and has good political contacts.
She knew what she was doing.

Another group suggested Jama Barre be put for-
ward as acting president. (In the past this group
argued that Siad Barre favoured the Marehan too
much, and that it would be better if other clans were
coopted into the centres of real power - an old

20



"We hope this report will assist the Commonwealth--and the wider international
community--in helping all the people of South Africa save themselves from

that awesome tragedy."

The EPG, led jointly by former Australian Prime Minister Mr Malcolm Fraser
and former Nigerian head of state General Olusegun Obasanjo, repeatedly urges
the government to release Mandela.

A chapter of its report deals with their meetings with him, and heaps praise
on the jailed ANC leader.

He is described as a symbol for blacks, a man with physical authority and
commanding presence. "He exuded authority, and received the respect of all
around him," the report says.

It accepts that releasing him presents the government with a dilemma. "The
government expressed the fear that his release might result in an uncontrol-
lable explosion of violence. We do not hold this view. Provided the negotiat-
ing process was agreed, Mr Mandela's own voice would appeal for calm. We
believe his authority would secure it."

The report describes. Mandela as a "fervent nationalist" but says it found no
trace of his "supposed communism, either now or in the past."

"In that respect we clearly differ from the government, which has resorted
to the most dubious of methods to denigrate his reputation," the EPG says.

Leaders from seven Commonwealth governments are due to meet in London on
August 2 to discuss the report and make recommendations on what action to
take.

With its clear call for sanctions, there is certain to be strong pressure
at that meeting for economic measures to be taken. British Prime Minister
Mrs Margaret Thatcher is alone in the Commonwealth in her opposition to
sanctions, and the talks in August will determine whether she maintains her
policy.

In a foreward to the report, the Commonwealth secretary-general, Sir Shridath
Ramphal, accuses the South African Government of a "calculated assault on the
peace process itself." .

The secretary-general a long-time supporter of sanctions, says the report's
message is a call for action.

"The means left open to the world community are few, but they are real," he
says. "Whether we call them sanctions or, as the group has done, economic
measures, they come to the same thing.

"Effective economic pressure, applied particularly by those major economic
powers who are South Africa's principal trading partners, and to whom it looks
for major financial flows, pressure which demands change while there is still
time to bring it about by peaceful means."

87



Distinctive

The city council has offered to do the infrastructural development in the new
black neighborhood of Sandkraal for the development council, and it will even
build the houses. It is difficult for the development council to do that from

Port Elizabeth.

Mrs Elsabet Alheit, chief social worker of the Department of Constitutional
Development and Planning in South Cape Province, says that blacks in South
Cape Province have distinctive problems which are different from those in East
and West Cape Province. One difference is that the compensation level for
blacks in the South Cape Province region is lower than in other regions,
resulting in problems which have to be approached in a certain manner. More
departments ought to have regional offices in the region, he thinks.

The adjunct minister of Constitutional Development and Planning, Mr Piet
Badenhorst, says it creates certain logistical problems for the East Cape
Development Council to have to work as far away as West Beaufort. Work teams
of local governments can do such work less expensively. .

Development councils unfortunately have also acquired a political image,
partly because they have to apply undesired measures such as influx control.

Mr Badenhorst says the development councils will be phased out, after which
the development function in black areas will possibly be handed over to black
representatives in executive committees which will come into being under the
new system of provincial government. :

8700
CSO: 3401/139

41



JPRS«SSA~86*073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TAMBO COMMENTS ON SANCTIONS, DURBAN BLAST
MB161125 Dakar PANA in French 0949 GMT 16 Jun 86

[Text] Paris, 16 Jun [PANA]--Oliver Tambo, the ANC president, said in
Paris on Sunday that economic sanctions against South Africa will not kill
the black victims of apartheid.

The sanctions will not kill us, it is apartheid that kills us, he said
among other things during a live interview in the 1300 newscast of French

Til.

Mr Tambo, who is in Paris to attend a UN conference from 16-20 June on
economic sanctions against South Africa, has categorically rejected state-
ments that black South Africans and the neighboring states will suffer most
from sanctions. He said those who defended these ideas know nothing about
South Africa and the genocide occurring there.

He said we who are suffering from the repression of the racist regime
demand from the international community the implementation of mandatory
world-wide economic sanctions against Pretoria.

On the issue of the Durban car bomb explosion which killed two white
females, Mr Tambo said that at this time he did not know if his movement
was responsible for the attack. He added that he was going to get confir—
mation and that he had not the means to [word indistinct].

Questioned about what will happen on Monday, on the occasion of the 10th
anniversary of the Soweto massacares which caused more than 700 deaths, the
ANC leader answered: I don't know what will happed tomorrow. We can live
with massacres. And he added: we will go from massacre to massacre. He
emphasized that it is about time to stop the massacres through abolishing by
all means the odious system of apartheid.

Moreover, he rejected the recent statements by Mr Pik Botha, South African
foreign affairs minister, that the ANC plans to nationalize all businesses,
to install a 1-party system, and to destroy all liberties in South Africa~-
the country of all South Africans, whites, blacks, Indians--and to destroy
apartheid, an inhuman system.

82



JPRS~SSA~86-073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CP REJECTS AWP BOER REPUBLIC IDEA
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 27 May 86 p 12
[Editorial: "Whither the Far Right?]

[Text] The events of the past week strongly indicate that the extreme right,
in tow behind the militant AWB [Afrikaans Resistance Movement], is busy
uniting in its resistance to the politics of reform. Primordial instincts are
being shaken off in order to preserve the dream of a white man's country, but
nonetheless the far right opposition overall seems rather confused
ideologically.

On the one hand the AWB wants to forcibly revive the old Boer republics, where
only the "Boers" can rule, as though there were a single province in the
country where the Whites are in the majority. Heaven knows what is to become
of the black majority in the Transvaal and the Free State.

The leader of the Conservative Party [CP], Dr A.P. Treurnicht, is in fact in
favor of “separate freedoms" and he regards the PWV [not further indentified]
region as the white heartland. At the same time he rejects the AWB's Boer
people's state concept as "more sentimental than realistic,” however, although
he does not in principle object to action that seeks to bring about “practical
occupation of their own country” by the Whites.

As opposed to this, the “cultural” leader of the far right, Professor Carel
Boshoff, sees partition as the salvation of South Africa. This implies that
beside homelands for Coloreds and Indians, one should also be established for
the Whites.

The HNP [Herstigte Nasionale Party] is favorably disposed to homelands for
non-whites, but its rejection of a Boer state has led to the charge "HNP
leadership vents spleen against Boer freedom struggle” in a far right
periodical.

One point on which the different approaches agree is that the Whites must in

one way or another be enabled to rule themselves on their own. Numerous
voters are informed that this is possible, but the far rightists are silent

59



The ANC, he emphasized, is struggling and will always struggle to implement
a democratic and multiracial society, and he added that nothing will deviate
them from this basic objective.

He said further that as the European peoples fought Nazism, the South Africans
had their own Nazism (apartheid) in South Africa, that they will fight it and
will win. The ANC president, in conclusion, said that Mr Botha is telling lies
but that earnest people are not listening to them.

/8918
cso: 3400/050

83



AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH NETHERLANDS, SWEDEN CANCELS DEBT

Lusaka TIMES OF ZAMBIA in English 31 May 86 p 5

{Text]

/12828

ZAMBIA and The
Netherlands yes-
terday signed a
bilateral agree-
ment covering
the utilisation of
K320 million
which The Hague
will make avail-
able during 1986.
Under secretary in
the Ministry of
Finance and Deye-
lopment Planning Mr
Fred Siame signed
for Zambia while Mr
Fred Roos signed for
his government.
Speaking at the signing

ceremony in Lusaka, Mr
Roos, who is the head of

Southern African section,
development cooperation
in ministry of forcign
affairs, said his country
was happy to help Zam-
bia.

The two countrics had a
long standing _coopera-
tion. “On behalf of my
government, f would like
fo assure you of our
continued support — in
your economic develop-*
ment efforts."”

cso: 3400/024

Mr Siame said Zambia
was grateful to what’ the.
people and the govern-
ment of The  Nether-
lands were doing to help
Zambia. ~

It was heartening that
of ithe total amount only
about K60 million was a
foan while the rest: was
in grants.

The K60 million loan
and the other K40 million

rant was secured after
President Kaunda’s tour

of that country recently.

Part of the money
would be used to support
balance. of — payment
servicing, purchase - of
wheat, © tsetse experi-
mental survey in Western
Province, agricultural
Projects and many others.
Mcanwhile, — Sweden
has formally signed an
agreement -to write off
KS6 million worth of
loans to Zambia.

Last “month Swedish

ambassador to Zambia Mr
Jan Olander announced
that his country had
written off the loan to
case Zambia's debt
service burden,

Alter a state visit to
Sweden fast year by
President Kaunda, a
further K12 million’ was
written — off.

Permanent secretary in
the istty of Finance
Mr Essau Nebwe signed
for 7 bia.

28

ypRS-SSA~867073
ji July 1986

ZAMBIA


JPRS-SSA~867073
11 July 1986

BOTSWANA

RESIDENTS URGED TO PLANT TREES TO COUNTER ENCROACHING DESERT
Gaborone DAILY NEWS in English 6 May 86 p 1

[Article by Jowitt Mbongwe]

[Text]
TSHIDILAMOLOMO: embarked on a vigorous tree
Residents of Tshidilamolomo planting campaign and
have been called upon to recelved better rains as a
plant trees to counter the result. He said Batswana
encroaching desert caused should also do the same.
by drought, overstocking and He pointed out that he was
over-grazing. aware of the proeern of water
reticulation within the whole
The call was made by the village. He said water works
President Dr Quett Masire will be expanded in 1988.
when he addressed a kgotla The Pi vid t led to
meeting here last week. @ President appoe
farmers to form agriculture
forestry department to visit Fer eer could water thelr
the area to share ideas on the livestock atone of the four
planting of trees to fight soil boreholes provided for this
nas well as ensure i
purpose in the district.
gevelooment sustains future tek Masire disclosed that a
. clinic and a primary school
ae Masire warned thane will be built in the village
Se et ea emtone it should beforethe end of this financial *
year.
be prevented by lessening Dr Masire said it was
the vulnerability of the government policy to build
coossyetem. hi 4 schools near neighbourhoods
is audience and said a secondary school
wat mostot its People depend bate built near the village
griculture and In the future.
livestock farming. He said the issues of a
President Masire told the border post required us to
Ceetng aiane Presidentof talk with South Africa as It
, who visited was a joint venture.
Botswana earlier this year, Dr Wasi further urged the
had told him that his country residents to build a dam.
19317

cso: 3400/013



SOUTH AFRICA

JPRS«SSA~86-073
41. July 1986

LE GRANGE DISCUSSES UNREST IN BLACK AREAS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 26, 28, 29 Apr 86

[Interview with Minister of Law and Order Louis Le Grange by Jacques Van Wyk;
"UDF Plays Greater Role in Unrest than ANC"; date and place not specified.]

[Text] Is it true that many black people are no longer paying house rent due
to intimidation and that in some cases radicals themselves collect "rent"?
This is one of the questions answered by Mr Louis le Grange, minister of Law
and Order, in this interview with Jacques van Wyk. He also answers the
question asked by many people these days: Is unrest increasing or is it
leveling off? This is the first part in a series on the unrest in black
living areas. ‘

Question: Is there any sign of the unrest in black living areas leveling off?
According to figures supplied by the South African Institute for Race
Relations, 171 people were killed in political violence during March of this
year. According to the institute that is the highest monthly number since the
current wave of violence started in September 1984. Is that true?

Minister Le Grange: Although that institute is credible and I don't doubt the
numbers, I don't know exactly what all is included in those and how they are
calculated. I don't know whether they include incidents in the national
states, such as tribal fights and murders which have nothing to do with the
political unrest. Thus I cannot use that as a barometer.

It is a fact that nationwide there was an increase in ‘incidents, especially
violence by blacks against blacks. Great numbers of people are being murdered
in the most atrocious manner in black areas, and the State President has
already referred to that.

In the Cape Peninsula we have had cases which evidently were revenge
operations between various factions which surely had nothing to do with
political matters. They were about who controls what area in Khayelitsha or
Crossroads or in other black living areas. These are all factors which one
should take into account when one studies the situation of unrest nationwide.

In the Port Elizabeth region there were various murders of blacks by blacks

which evidently originated from mutual disputes between organizations such as
the UDF [United Democratic Front] and AZAPO [Azanian People's Organization]

43



/9317
cso: 3400/013

good common sense to
prevail against exploting the
Jand for short term gain
without thinking about the
failure in pursuing
agricultural development.

“We must make sure that
we utilise the land resources
in such a way that It will
sustain production now and
in the foreseable future,” he
advised.

Dr Masire commended the
people of Mabule for
constructing a dam which he
said was attractively filled up
with water. He also thanked
them for other development
projects in the village.

He pointed out that
government decided to take
development to the rural
areas as far back as 1972
when it introduced
accelerated rural
development.

Development, he said, was
nota favour buta right which
government had to provide
to all districts without
discrimination.

Dr Masire said rural roads
should be improved to
enhance easy accessibility

and facilitate other
developments.

The President briefed the
audience about the attack on
Mogoditshane last Monday
by the South African army.

Responding to questions,
Dr Masire said funds were
available from NDB for the
purchasing of tractors.

He said government was in
the process of building
secondary schools
throughout the country and
that one will be built at
Mabule. .

Dr Masire said one reason
for delaying the issuing of
passport was that. some
people supply false
information in their
application forms.

Earlier the community
developmet officer for the
village Mrs Nurse Oaitse
commended the government
for continuing to provide
development in the village.

The President is
accompanied by the first lady
Mrs Gladys Masire and the
MP for the area Assistant
Minister of Local Government
and Lands, Mr Tshipinare.



JPRS*SSA~86«073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

NO CHANGE IN PFP POLICY NOTED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 11 Apr 86 p 10
(Editorial: "Simplistic Progressive Rhetoric"]

{Text] If there ever was any hope that the Progressive Federal Party under Mr
Colin Eglin's leadership. would make itself less guilty of simplistic rhetoric,
he smothered it himself yesterday. In his first policy speech since becoming
the new leader of the PFP [Progressive Federal Party], Mr Eglin merely
embroidered on the same theme as his predecessor: Eliminate all apartheid and
a new dawn will break for South Africa.

To eliminate apartheid, a large-scale (and expensive) program of socioeconomic
reconstruction and power sharing at all levels is all that is necessary to
recover peace and order in the country, according to the PFP. But no advice
was given as to how that power sharing should be brought about to the
satisfaction of all those groups! Meanwhile the idea of a national convention
apparently has been put on the back burner for a while.

This oversimplistic view of South Africa's problems once again brings up the
question of whether the PFP and others understand the nature of the
revolutionary attack against the country. Therefore it was necessary for
Minister Chris Heunis to warn against some goals behind it, namely the
destruction of the democracy and of the existing economic system.

How does the PFP reconcile its pleading in Parliament for the expansion of the
democracy to all population groups while prominent Progressive members are
involved in undermining. the role -of Parliament as an instrument. for
constitutional reform? : 7 .

Extra-parliamentary action now is indeed the preference of the previous PFP
leader, dr Van Zyl Slabbert, and the former chairman of the Federal Council of
that party, dr Alex Boraine. The former addressed a meeting of the UDF
[United Democratic Front] the night before last, and dr Boraine has already
sung the praises of the UDF-several times.

Therefore they are indeed=-in Minister Heunis' words--involved in. making

democracy suspect as a process. Naturally that can only have a negative
effect on those who must be involved in the expansion of the democracy.

“37



dissatisfaction were evident in
the editorial comments of
Southern and Northern
newspapers and views of some
eminent Nigerians.

The reaction of the New

Nigerian, a Northern paper on
May 10;°1974 was one of
satisfaction when it said
among. other _ things;
“members of the census
board, the staff, state govern-
ments and traditional rulers
should be complimented for
their untiring efforts in ensur-
ing the success of the exercise.
The arrangement by the Board
with the co-operation of the ar-
my, the police and the public
ensure that people were
counted only on sight”.
But there was an instant reply
to this editorial from one
southern paper, Daily Express
of May 1, 1974 under the
heading ‘SHUT UP’ which
warned that: “‘If it is not the
intention of some organs to
wang at some jaded strings of
the harp, they should do to this
nation one simple favour:
SHUT UP.”

Another southern paper:
Nigerian Tribune editorial of
June 4, 1974 also condemnéd
this census exercise saying:
“A census exercise whose out-
come does not enjoy public
confidence is wasted effort......
these unchecked figures have
caused a great deal of depres-
‘sion, anger and fear among
several sections of the
Nigerian community.”

Speaking on the same issue
at the convocation of the
University of Ife, Chief
Obafemi Awolowo, former
Premier of Western Region
and former Federal Leader of
opposition, expressed his ob-
jection to the provisional
figures. He declared, “I have
examined this result from
several stand-points which
time does not permit me to
elaborate upon here, and as a
result, I have been irresistibly
impelled t othe conclusion that
the so-called provisional
figures are absolutely
unreliable and should be total-
ly rejected by the supreme
Military Council”.

{12828
CSO: 3400/052

Also speaking on the post
enumeration exercise being
carried on to correct the
anomaly in the provisional
figure, Chief Awolowo
declared, among other things
that....” It is idle, in the ex-
treme, to rely on the same in-
efficient machinery by means
of which the National Census
Board had produced these ap-
pallingly indefensible provi-
sional figures to mend itself in
the short time at our disposal
and produce acceptable final
figures.”

In spite of some opinion of
the press, public and
destabilising campaigns
against the provisional
figures, Brigadier Musa
Usman, North-Eastern State
Governor and member of the
Supreme Military Council,
told the press (see Africa. No.
4 Jan., 1975) that “The Supreme
Military Council does not in-
tend to subject the census

figures to a plebiscite” and
that “the question of accep-
tance or rejection by the
public of whatever figure the
Supreme Military Council ac-
cepts does not arise.”
Brigadier Usman of course
was a governor of a State
which according to the provi-
sional figures had a population
growth of 97.3 per cent within
ten years.
In cancelling the volatile 1973
census figures the new Head
of State, General Murtala
Mohammed said: ‘With
regard to the 1973 population
census, it is now clear that
whatever results are announc-
ed will not command general
acceptance throughout the
country. It has therefore been
decided to cancel fhe 1973
population count”.

SOLUTIONS

The command structure of the
armed forces should be
strengthened and maintained to
accomplish national task like
census and elections.

The meetings of 10 Northern
Governors, 5 Western Gover-
nors, 4 Eastern Governors
have potential danger of
weakening national solidarity
and patriotism. These

16

meetings should be reviewed
in the interest of the nation.
They still remind us of the
three (3) old regions.

Compulsory registration of
births and death, school enrol-
ment, correct assessment of
tax payers and issuance of
1.D. cards to Nigerian
citizens will serve as post-
enumeration exercise.

In composing the National
Census Board, the Military
Government should take into
consideration the
characteristic of Federalism
which occasionally allow the
sacrifice of competence for
the sake of general accep-
tance.

Severe punishment should
await- whoever influences,
manipulates and distorts cen-
sus figures.

The idea of going to
hometowns to be counted
usually follows the determina-
tion to ensure victory or an
edge over the others. This
should be discouraged
because it breeds corruption
and encourages efforts to in-
fluence, manipulate and
distort census figures.

The deployment of soldiers
or policemen should be to
areas other than their
linguistic jurisdiction for any
singular national assignments
like census or general elec-
tion. This will reduce dysfunc--
tional patriotism of some
members of armed forces and
the police.


FINANCE MINISTER ANNOUNCES QUARTERLY EARNINGS

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 27 May 86 pp l, 2

[Text]

THE federal govern-
ment realised a total
revenue of N3.291
billion as at the first quar-
ter of this year.

The Minister of
Finance, Dr. Chu S.P.
Okongwu, revealed this
while briefing newsmen
in Lagos yesterday on
the activities and
achievements of his
ministry.

According ‘to the
minister, government
had expended 42.611
billiony from. the
revenue whereas it was
projected to -spend

N2.770 billion. for the
first quarter of this year

He said ‘that the
surplus of 4680 million
recorded in the first
quarter was higher than
the overall surplus of
N27.9 million recorded
for the corresponding
period last year.

The minister,
however, said the
surplus recorded did
not signify a healthy

/12828
CSO: 3400/041

economic ‘situation
because the govern-
ment had incurred a
debt of N1.030 million
through ‘‘ways and
means”’.

Dr. Okongwu,
however, assured the
nation that government
still gave preference in
the allocation of

revenue to areas of ‘its
priority such as
agriculture, rural
development, health,
education and some on-
going industrial pro-
jects.

For the development
of mineral producing
areas and amelioration
of ecological problems,
the minister said N2.83
billion was disbursed
from the federation ac-
count between January
and March this year to
three tiers of the
government.

11

JPRS-SSA+86+073
41 July 1986

NIGERIA



/6539

PFP MP Comments on ANC Flags at Funerals .
(SAPA, 12 Jun 86). cccecccerececscccccccesicsesscsccvesneves

Commentary Views Fighting Among Black Groups
(Johannesburg International Service, 12 Jun 86)...........-

Columnist Views Government Attitude Toward Sanctions
(Harald Pakendorf; SUNDAY TIMES, 15 Jun 86)...eseeeeseceees

99

100

101



JPRS*SSA+86-073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FIGHTING FATHERS' TRAINING IN WESTERN CAPE DESCRIBED
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 3 Jun 86 p 1
[Article "By Our Army Reporter": "Western Cap Oldsters Take a Firm Grip"]

{Text] The Western Cape's first "fighting fathers"--the so-called Dad's
Army--took the bit firmly between their teeth at Worcester yesterday and began
to pull together on the first day of their military training.

The enthusiasm for their new role in the Army is running so high that most of
them were already up at 4 a.m.--a full hour before the official rising
time--to polish their boots: and get ready. :

This is the first time in the Western Cape that the “oldsters” who have never
undergone military traning will have among other things to learn to march,
handle weapons and protect important public buildings.

Status

On Sunday afternoon about 350 male residents of Worcester, Ceres and other
towns in the vicinity reported at Worcester for their week-long training.
First they were subjected to a thorough medical examination, after which a few
were found unfit for military training. Many of those who then had to return
home were extremely disappointed and asked if exceptions could be made in
their cases.

Early yesterday morning the draftees were first taught to make a bed properly,
complete with hospital fold. For some it was the first time.

No distinctions of social status or community standing are made here.
Everyone is addressed as "soldier." Everyone sleeps on beds in near rows ia
large halls, each one with the trunk containing his belongings at the foot.

Shirtsleeve
In the coming week they must stand in line for food (dished up in the
so-called pig trough), get up at the crack of dawn, attend lectures and jump

when the instructors speak. Between 5 and 6 p.m. bar facilities are
available. After that it is more lectures.

66



/12828
CSO:

3400/045

argument that led to the exile in Paris of the former
ambassador there, Mohammed Siyad Samatar, and
the arrest of Gen. Omar Haji). A third group sug-
gested that Gen. Haji be released from jail and put
up as an alternative to Lt-Gen. Samatar. The meeting
ended in a compromise: Jama Barre was elected
head of a Marehan committee which will coordinate
activity with Lt-Gen. Samatar.

Various groups in Mogadishu are now organising
themselves on the assumption that deals can be
struck with Lt-Gen. Samatar and that Barre will not
return as president. There is wide recognition that
“any attempt to push out Lt-Gen. Samatar could lead
to a lot of strife. It is also acknowledged that
he has considerable support in the army. Marehan
officers and politicians alike realise this, and are
thus prepared to fall into line - if the terms are
right. They want Jama Barre to stay on as foreign
minister (even though he has not acquitted himself
well in this portfolio) and other Marehans to take
over such key posts as minister of defence and chief
of staff. Gen. Gani and Col. Masleh have been
mentioned in this context.

Second. vice-president Maj-Gen. Kulmiya, a
Hawiye, and interior minister Ahmed Suleiman, a

Dolbahante, have also been placing their bids. They
want, respectively, the first vice-presidency and the
defence ministry. In return, presumably, they would
ensure Hawiye and Dolbahante support for Lt-Gen.
Samatar. There are a number of senior Dolbahante
officers, including a few divisional commanders. So
Suleiman could be an important man for Lt-Gen.
Samatar. There are other groups in the army and
elsewhere which the new head of state will have to
deal with. The Ogadeni and the Issaq could be
troublesome. (We will examine this in more detail
in a forthcoming issue).

The recent wide-ranging military reshuffle (AC
Vol 27 No 11) will have worked to Lt-Gen. Samatar’s
advantage. The new northern sector military com-
mander, Brig-Gen. Mohammed Said Hirsee, flew to
Mogadishu when he heard of Barre’s accident, and
asked to go to Riyadh. Lt-Gen. Samatar ordered
him to go back to Hargeisa. He did, immediately.

Obviously the next month will be crucial for Lt-
Gen. Samatar. The Soviets like him, and have always
thought of him as pro-Soviet (which he is not actu-
ally, but nor is he pro-American), and the Americans
like him, believing him to be pro-American. In fact
he is merely pragmatic.

a1



JPRS~SSA~86-9
11 July 1986.

NIGERIA

ECONOMIC CRISIS FORCES FRG BUSINESS TO CONSIDER WITHDRAWAL
Frankfurt/Main FRANKFURTER ALLGEMEINE in German 21 Apr 86 p 14

[Article by Carola Kaps: "Nigeria: Dry Stretch for German Firms.
Catastrophic of Foreign Currency/A Lot of Construction Continues as Before"]
Shortage

[Text] Lagos, in April--During the ten fat oil years from 1973 to 1983,
Nigeria was a paradise of money-making for business people all over the
world. Everything seemed doable, there were no limitations that could not
be overcome by money. Rapid industrialization of the country, for the
realization of which gigantic projects were being undertaken, appeared to be
within easy reach.

The rapid decline of oil prices has put an end to all that. The oil revenues
of 100 billion dollars have dwindled away, trickled into the channels of
corruption in part, without the "Giant of Black Africa" having much to show
for except a well-developed transportation network and operative ports.
Instead, a foreign debt of 20 billion dollars weighs heavily upon the nation.
Agriculture, flourishing at one time, recovers but arduously from the
inexcusable neglect suffered during the past ten years, which not only caused
the end of food self-sufficiency but also the dramatic reduction of agricul-
tural exports.

Industry on Weak Footing

From an industrial aspect as well Nigeria, with a contribution by the industry
of only 5 percent to the gross national product, continues to stand on
extremely weak footing. The development of a national steel industry, which
Nigeria wanted to make the basis for industrialization, is still in its
infancy despite huge investment sums, as is the development of a petrochemical
industry. High-flying plans for a gas liquefaction facility have been
shelved; fertilizer production, which was supposed to meet domestic demand no
later than the early 1980's, is not likely to operate fully before the end of
1987. Refinery capacities are still inadequate; negotiations are ongoing with
French and German companies on the construction of the necessary fourth
refinery. The telecommunications network leaves much to be desired. The
consumer goods industry is almost completely dependent upon imported raw or
semifinished products and therefore especially susceptible to the lack of
foreign currency which since two years mandates strict import restrictions.



/12828
cso:

3400/023

on the imports of luxury
goods which have flood-
ed shops since the
foreign exchange auctio-
ning system was intro-
duced last October.

Dr Kaunda has repeatedly
condemned indiscri-
minate importation of
luxury items such as
tinned fruits, biscuits,
tooth picks and offi¢ts
at the expense of vital,
inputs to help revive
the ailing economy.

Voicing grave concern
on the same matter,
Bank of Zambia govern-
or Dr Leonard Chivuno.
itold the Bankers Asso-
ciation of Zambia, that
the ‘‘no funds involved’’
or ‘‘no questions asked’’
system of imports had
been abused by some
people.

26



@ Immediate negotiation with
recognised black Jeaders.
@A statement of intent which
should suggest a guide plan for
What South Africa would be
like in two to five years. Such a
statement should be issued by
next January,
@ Formulating and implement-
ing a new constitution. Such
constitution should be a me-
dium- to long-term process.
@ Business sector involvement,
The report said the Govern-
ment had lost credibiity to the
Left and the Right.

The report said there were
several options open to the

Government for creating a fu-
ture South Africa: it could take
unilateral decisions; “consult
with other population groups;
engage in direct negotiation.
The only effective way of
bringing about change was for
the Government. to decide
whether it wanted to negotiate
with elected, non-radical-leders

.— or at a later date with only

pro-violence/radical leaders.

The researchers developed a
“barometer”, which begins at
where South Africa is at the
moment, and goals for the fu-
ture. .

Inadequate Reform Worsens Crisis

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 p 9

[Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

South African is in a political crisis and the situ
ation is being worsened by inadequate reform,
the Project Free Enterprise report found. —

The report said there was no longer time to
think or talk about change. “In this instance,
time has passed us by, and will no longer wait
for South Africa.”

The researchers said the country had pro-:

. gressed through three phases and had entered a

fourth:

@ Phase one (1902-1948) was characterised by
disequilbirium and the need for clarity of goals.
@ Phase two (1948 — 1961) was a period when
there was equilibrium between challenge and re-
sponse, dynamism and flexibility.

@ Phase three —:(1961'— 1979) was characterised

by disequilibirum between challenge and re-
sponse, stagnation due to loss of flexibility,
waste, unwillingness to introduce change and
Joss of creativity.

@ Phase four — (the present stage) is character-
ised by stagnation and hardening of resistance to
change, escalation of crisis and crisis manage-
ment.

The hardening of attitudes of vested interest
groups was the single most important stumbling
block to change, said the report.

Ad-hoc change was not good enough = “The
only option is fundamental change which is seen
to be implemented and not merely talked about.’

An example of inadequate change which did
not alter strategy was the “Rubicon” speech.

95

JPRS*SSA-86~073
11 July 1986

The report warns that South
Africa’s sensitivity and vulner-
ability to political, economic
and social issues, both internal
and external, would increase.

The report said the best posi-
tion for implementing change
had been at the start of the
third phase.

Survival and growth re-
quired the development of an
entirely new socio-political and
socio-economic dispensation.

The report warned: “Current
political structures are incapa-
ble of coping with the problems
of a growing Clash of interests.
The socio-political infrastruc-
ture is historically too inclined
to appease rightist vested in-
terest groups. °

“This prevents development
or achievement of change
which would-be acceptable to
the moderate majority.”

The report said business
should accept its position as a

‘politically non-aligned’ party
which could play a central role
in negotiating change. :



JPRSagcq

LD surly 7007073

1986

EPG Cochairman Interviewed
MB130804 London BBC World Service in English 1515 GMT 12 Jun 86
[From the "Focus on Africa" program]

[Text] Well, the declaration of a new state of emergency coincides with the
publication of a report by the Eminent Persons Grow [EPG] set up at Common-
wealth conference in Nassau last year. They spent several months in South
Africa trying to bring the different sides together in negotiations. In the
event, they failed.

The report says the South Africa Government has no intention of dismantling
apartheid, establish political freedom, lift the ban on the ANC and other
parties, or release political prisoners such as Nelson Mandela.

The group comes out in favor of economic pressure, a policy resisted particu-
larly by Mrs Thatcher's government here in Britain. Julian Marshall asked
the cochairman of the EPG, former Nigerian President Olusegun Obasanjo, if he
thought the Commonwealth would take notice of their recommendations.

[Begin recording] [Obasanjo] Well, if the Commonwealth leaders set up a
group and there are a group of ladies and gentlemen, and they expect the
group to come up with a report, and that group unanimously comes up with a
report, I believe as ladies and gentlemen they will have to look at that
report and unless they have any reason to pick holes in that report, I
believe also that they will have to accept that report.

[Marshall] So you would expect the British Government, for instance, to
come up with some kind of measures that would satisfy the EPG that the
British Government was interested in applying economic pressure against
South Africa?

[Obasanjo] I will expect that the British Government will take it seriously.

[Marshall] Have you completely closed the door on any possible future media-
tion role for your group?

[Obasanjo] Well, it is not up to us to close the door, It is up to the
South African Government to open the door and for the Commonwealth leaders

to decide whether the door that has been opened is wide enough to make a role
possible for our group. The present mandate that set up limits us both
in scope of work and in time and with this report submitted at the time we
have submitted it we have met the two aspects of our mandate: the scope of
the work and the time limit.

[Marshall] At some point in the report you talk about being. impressed by the
ANC's willingness to negotiate. Now, surely, they are in a position to be
able to say that. They have nothing to lose in expressing a desire to negot-
iate. They have everything to win and nothing to lose.

88



The oil wealth has neither resulted in a diversification of the economy nor
in an improved income situation and income distribution, is the sober assess-
ment in a World Bank statement. On the contrary, the majority of the popula-~
tion is worse off today than in 1976 because per-capita income has dropped
to 750 dollars a year and is only slightly above the absolute poverty level
of 696 dollars which the World Bank computed in 1982 for urban population.
Among adolescents-~according to a foreign expert--hopelessness, uncertainty
about the future is great. One is increasingly incapable of identifying with
one's own country ahd her problems. Chances are slim of finding a job, since
year after year between 1.2 and 1.8 million young adults throng into a labor
market that during the past three years has already lost over a million
industrial jobs.

It is true that agriculture holds a great potential, but it will take years to
fully develop this, to restore export capability and thus to sever the

nearly complete dependency upon oil, The hunger and thirst period, through
which Nigeria must suffer because of the oil price collapse, will therefore
extend over a long time in the opinion of the experts, and place a great
strain on the social network of the country.

For foreign companies represented in large numbers in Nigeria the question
presents itself in light of this background whether their continued interests
will still be worthwhile or whether uncertainty and the financial calamity
might make a retreat from Nigeria more advisable.

After Great Britain, the FRG is in second placé with her direct investments.
Of the more than 150 German firms represented in Nigeria, the majority is in
favor of persevering, of weathering the dry stretch and to keep their foot

in the door leading into the large, thoroughly interesting Nigerian market
with its more than 100 million people. For some of them-~such as VW and
Mercedes~-the investments are much too large to just pack up and leave the
country. "One shall continue to reduce the risk," avoid major projects and
try to "pass the winter on the back burner" is the general consensus; but the
afgument that the West should have a long-term political and economic interest
in Nigeria and also acknowledge that Nigeria on her own initiative had made
a considerable effort to correct structural imbalances, keeps emerging in
discussions with German businessmen. Likewise the observation that in good
times Nigeria had definitely demonstrated a high payment morale and even
today were honoring the good will of those who, like for example the construc—
tion firm Bilfinger-Berger, like Dornier and BBC, had proven to be reliable
partners in good as well as bad times. Regardless of the confidence in a
long-range development potential of the Nigerian market--expressed with "a
stiff upper lip"--most of the German companies are confronted by genuine
difficulties at this time. A few medium-sized businesses, which lack a
capital hedge, are even fighting for survival due to high outstanding debts.
Nigeria's short-term business debts, which in the meantime amount to 7 to 8
billion dollars and which cannot be paid because of a lack of foreign cur-
rency, are a heavy burden not only for Nigeria herself but also for many
creditors. In view of the financial distress--says one German company
representative--the chaff will be winnowed from the grain among the foreign
firms éstablished in Nigeria.



principle of geographic group-
ing according to race.

Other recommendations with --
endorsements ranging from“71
to 93 percent were the princi-
ples of limited-central govern-

ment,.a of rights, megade-

~~Volution, limited central gov-

ernment powers,

With regard to bring about
change, all respondents fa-
voured low profile negotiaion
but only 17 percent were satis-
fied with the present process of
change. .

The role of the private sector
in bringing about black partici-
pation should be to influence
government, all respondents
agreed. Only 50percent fa-
voured prescribing to govern-
ment while 93 percent believed
in educating workers.
EDUCATION

The recommendations adopt-
ed by the majority of respon-
dents, in their order of impor-
tance, were for the introduc- _

tion of a single ministry of edu-
cation, private sector involve-
ment in education, real world
curricla, improvement of
teacher training and restruc-
turing curricula.
GROUP AREAS ACT

All respondents supported
the removal of the Group
Areas Act, but only 5 percent
favoured forced integration.
The majority favoured total
and effective opening of CBDs
and delegation to local authori-
ties.
All participants favoured
scrapping influx control.
SMALL BUSINESS
DEVELOPMENT

The majority of- recommen-
dations were “accepted over-
whelmingly and include a call
for lower building standards,

_- ~~ free choice of business hours,

removal of licences for start-
ing small businesses, relaxa-
tion of many restrictive mea-
sures and re-evaluation of zon-
ing in black areas.

‘Negotiate With Black Leaders’

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 p 9

[Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

The Government must begin
immediate neogtiations with
recognised black leaders to
avoid further polarisation and
violence in South Africa, says
the Project Free Enterprise re-
port.
Lack of clarity about reform
was eroding support for mod-
erates and increasing the
power of left-wing and right-
wing extremists, it added.

‘The researchers also'warned
against the continued detention
of black leaders.

“The erosion of the moder-
ate/rational leadership is being
accelerated by every detention
of any black leader. .

“This is making the possib-
lity of constructive negotiation
increasingly remote. Many po-
tential, or even previously
modcrate/rational leaders, are

94

being driven into the ‘frustrat-
ed’ and left-wing extremist
camps.”

The researchers said the cur-
rent political spectrum consist-
ed of left-wing extremists,
frustrated blacks, the moder-
ate, the insecure whites, and
right-wing extremists. Surveys
had found that most people
were willing to miove towards
a moderate/rational position.

“This is entirely dependent
upon the degree of clarity and
meaningfulness of future re-
form. The current situation is
unfortunately characterised by
an unacceptably high degree of
vagueness.”

: VITAL ACTIONS

‘The breaking down of ex-

tremism and the creation of an.

effective coalition of moderate
elements required four vital
actions:

JPRS*SSA=86 407
Li July 1986.


JPRS«SSA86*073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

PFP MP COMMENTS ON ANC FLAGS AT FUNERALS
MB122309 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2010 GMT 12 Jun’ 86

[Text] House of Assembly, June 12, SAPA--The PFP [Progressive Federal Party]
MP for green point, Mr Tiaan van der Merwe, said today that if he believed
he could help defuse conflict, he would attend funerals of unrest victims no
matter what flag was displayed.

He was responding during debate on the second reading of the Public Safety
Amendment. Bill to NP [National Party] charges that he had attended a funeral
at Pearl at which the ANC flag was displayed.

Mr Van der Merwe said he had been approached by the organizers of the funeral
to try to have some of the restrictions on it lifted.

ANC and communist flags as well as those bearing Nelson Mandela's portrait
had been displayed at the funeral but he had attended because he believed
he could help stop conflict with the police.

"I have too often experienced that stupid actions have held to a vicious
circle of more deaths and violence. :

"If I know I can make a contribution to preventing conflict, you can put up
any flag you like, I don't care a damn (geen nie n duiwel om nie)--I will
attend."

Mr W.N. Breytenbach (NP Kroonstad) should do the same, Mr van der Merwe said,
or he did not deserve to be an MP.

Mr van der Merwe added that people such as Mr Breytenbach would "rather see
10 more people shot dead" than help defuse conflict in such a situation.

The PFP would continue to attend unrest funerals to help prevent conflict,
while Mr Breytenbach could "plod on in his stupid ignorance and political
immaturity."

Mr van der Merwe was ordered by the chairman to withdraw the word "stupid."

He did so and said Mr Breytenbach displayed "a low intellectual level.

/8918
CSO: 3400/051

99



The creation of a network such as the GBS's is nothing new. Similar systems
exist in other countries. They are as old as the world's systems of
government, he says.

The chairmen of the GBS's are all elected by the members of the GBS concerned.
Such a GBS may consist of about forty members. The fact that the present
chairmen are all Army or police chiefs in the regions involved is because the
members of the GBS's find this to their advantage. Such high officers have
connections, an infrastructure and an organization at their command.

Currently every Army member who is chairman of a GBS is the commanding officer
in the region. In the case of the SAP, he is a district commissioner. But a
representative of another department can also be chosen. The chairman need
not be a policeman or belong to the Army, General van der Westhuizen says.

All the members of a GBS are civil servants or officials of another
administrative body, such as the Provincial Administration or the town clerk
of a municipality. They represent the administrative institutions in the
region concerned.

The principle is that one cannot administer the state from Cape Town or
Pretoria. One must delegate down to the lowest leel, where the people know
local requirements and circumstances.

Cape Town is, for example, one of the seven sub-GBS's of the WP [Western
Province] GBS. The other. sub-GBS's are Worcester, Vredendal, Paarl,
Springbok, Stellenbosch, and Saldanha.

These sub-GBS's are then further subdivided into mini-GBS's and PBS's.

The PBS's or mini-GBS's can furthermore create linking forums by means of
which unofficial Linkage can be maintained, such as with women's
organizations, Rotarians, Rapportryers, an agricultural organization, adult
education associations and taxpayers' associations.

The aim is thereby to defuse explosive situations, solve problems and conduct
a dialogue with the population.

If necessary, a Joint Operations Center (GOS) can be created. It is not
necessarily always activated. At the Joint Operations Center operations to
handle, prevent or resolve conflict are planned.

A GBS meets to analyze input from the State Security Council, government
departments or regional administrations, or to determine a course of action
and to decide who should carry it out.

It furthermore coordinates the drawing up of the security master plan on the
regional level and reports on the appropriate level. It sends situation
teports to higher authority as to how things are going and what information
there is. It also reports on the progress being made with the resolution of a

62



JPRS«SSA*86*073
11 duly 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TERRE BLANCHE'S ROLE AT REPUBLIC DAY CELEBRATIONS
Cape Town DIE BURGER in Afrikaans 2 Jun 86 p 10
(Editorial: "Caught in the Web"]

[Text] If there was anyone who was still unsure as to who cracks the whip in
far right politics in South Africa, all such doubts were surely removed on
Saturday. The occasion was the “people's festival" on Republic Day in the
amphitheater of the Voortrekker Monument in Pretoria.

Although the gathering was jointly organized by the Conservative Party [CP],
the Herstigte Nasionale Party [HNP], the Afrikaner Resistance Movement [AWB]
and the Afrikaner Volkswag [AV], it was to all practical intents and purposes
purely an AWB rally, with that organization's leader, Mr Eugene Terre’
Blanche, as the main attraction.

The virtually contemptuous manner in which Mr Terre' Blanche chose to arrive,
not simultaneously with the three other main speakers, but in his own fashion,
preceded by uniformed guards and waving banners bearing the three-legged
crooked cross, must have been sobering for Dr Andries Treurnicht of the CP, Mr
Jaap Marais of the HNP and Professor Carel Boshoff of the AV. Likewise the
somewhat subdued reaction to their speeches in contrast to the jubilation with
which the AWB leader was hailed.

That there are still many sleepless nights in store for Dr Treurnicht and Mr
Marais is certain. Whereas they have always seen themselves as the “saviors”
of the white Afrikaner people, they now find themselves virtually helpless in
the web of Mr Terre’ Blanche and his militant followers.

Whether they are going to make serious attempts to get free of that web is
open to doubt. So far is has suited them to hunt with the pack--after all,
don't they have one “enemy” in common, the National government of President
P.W. Botha?

Until they do in fact perhaps try to free themselves, they will remain
shackled to the worst excesses of which the AWB is guilty. As well as to all
the idiotic pronouncements at AWB gatherings, like last week's statement that
when the Boer state has finally won its “freedom,” Johannesburg and Soweto

68



FORMER REPRESENTATIVE JUNAIDU MOHAMMED ARRESTED

Kano THE TRIUMPH in English 28 May 86 p 12

[Text]

A FORMER member
of the defunct Federal
House of Represen-
tatives, Dr. Junaidu
Mohammed, has been
arrested.

The former lawmaker
was taken away from his
house located at Lamido
Crescent in Kand last
Monday night by

plainclothes ‘security
men.

When our reporters
called at the house of Dr.
Junaidu yesterday, the
security agents had
brought him back to the

house to pick some of his’

personal effects,
Family sources told
The Triumph that Dr.

Junaidu was being.

driven to Lagos when the’
vehicle in which’ they
were travelling
developed some pro-
blems in Zaria and had
to come back to Kano.

/12828
CSO: 3400/052

The outspoken politi-
cian was later driven off
in a Nissan Patrol car
number KN 6853 KP
yesterday for Lagos in
the presence of our
reporter.

It is not yet clear what
prompted the arrest of
Dr. Junaid but it will be
recalled that he had
published a virulent at-
tack of the present
military government
barely fifty days after its
coming to power.

Political observers
also believe that his re-
cent interview on a BBC
programme, ‘‘Network
Africa’? may have an-
noyed the government.

13

IPRS«SSA+86-073
JJ July 1986

NIGERLA



Education Ministry Call

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 p 9

{Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

Project Free Enterprise has called for the establishment of a sin-
gle ministry of education in South Africa, saying:

“Only a unified adminstrative system will be acceptable to the
black community and will reduce black alienation.”

Education was a fundamental function of the State. The cost of
disparities in the provision of education was manifold and serious.

At a national level, decisions and expenditure could be most
effectively handled by a single ministry with an overview of the
needs, priorities, adequacies and inadequacies within the system.

Researchers said there should be leeway for decentralisation
on a regional and community basis. Other priorities were:

REAL WORLD CURRICULUM

@ Introducing private sector involvement.
@ Designing a “real world” curriculum. Pupils left school before
they had obtained suitable vocational qualifications, skills or ap-
propriate value systems. There should be a balance between gener-
al formatitive preparatory education and career education relating
better to the country’s manpower needs.
@Improvments to teacher training in both formal and non-formal
sectors. Private sector personnel and facilities should be used in
teacher training and teachers of any race be used at all schools.
Other priorities included developing career guidance in schools,
improving the accessibility of non-formal education and racial in-

tegration in schools.

Economic Prosperity Essential

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 p 9

[Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

The implications of ignoring
the recommendations made by
Project Free Enterprise were
extremely serious for both the
economic and political sphere.

Economically, worker com-
mitment to economic growth
and the free market system
would continue to be eroded,
leading to reduced productivity
and lower economic growth.

The report warned that po-
litical stability and reform
would not be possible without
economic prosperity.

The political consequences
were that black attitudes, cur-
rently open to possible negotia-
tion, would harden, leading to
more radical reactions.

POSITIVE

Incremental and ad hoc
change would cause, rather
than prevent, crisis.

Positive implications of
adopting the recommendations
would include greater mobility
of labour and the development
of a viable black middle class.

Only fundamental and ur-
gent implimentation of reform
would ensure a prosperous free
market economy.

The only political cost to the
Government would be to intro-
duce meaningful black partici-
pation and scrap the Group
Areas Act. Political losses
could be avoided by imple-
menting a strategy to satisfy
specific interest groups.

“This report, more than any
other in the history of South
Africa, integrates the role of

96

JPRS~SSA~86+073
1) July 1986

government and business in en-
suring that South Africa may
ultimately regain its potential
stability and harmony.”



JPRS«SSA-86~073
11 July 1986

NIGERIA

BRIEFS

WORLD BANK, IFAD DEVELOPMENT LOANS--The Federal Government is to finance
projects in the agricultural and transport sectors with a loan of 275,890
million naire from the World Bank and the International Fund for Agricul-
tural Development [IFAD]. More than three-quarters of the amount will be
used on livestock and food crops production, while the remaining will be
expended on strengthening the operations of Nigeria Ports Authority and the
railway corporation. The loan is repayable in 20 years. [Text] [Lagos
Domestic Service in English 0600 GMT 19 Jun 86 AB] /6662

GOVERNMENT APPROVES ECOWAS PROTOCOL--The second phase of the ECOWAS protocol
has been approved by the Federal Government. It is expected to be signed
after the ECOWAS summit to be held in Abuja soon. The ratification of the
protocol implies that Nigeria would cooperate with member-states of the
organization by providing jobs for their citizens who are capable of procur-
ing employment. In a message to a 1-day meeting of commissioners for home
affairs and information in Abuja today, the minister of internal affairs,
Colonel John Shagaya, said applicants from such countries would be subjected
to more rigorous scrutiny. He said steps have been taken to reinforce the
immigration and customs departments to enable them to cope with the antici-
pated influx of aliens. Col Shagaya asked state and local governments to help
provide residential accommodation for personnel of the departments to boost
their performance. [Text] [Kaduna Domestic Service in English 1700 GMT

18 Jun 86 AB] /6662

cso: 3400/036

18



Question: What progress have they made?

Minister: Although the committees are not common in South Africa, . there are
areas where they are very active. They are isolated cases. In East Cape
Province and in some Rand regions they are undoubtedly active.

Question: Mr Edgar Ngoyi, East Cape Province leader of the UDF, said recently
according to a SAPA-REUTER report that he hopes the street committee cells
will enable inhabitants of black neighborhoods to understand the policy of the
UDF, which pursues the same ideals as the ANC. "Even in the future, when we
achieve our freedom, we doubt whether we can discard the structure of area-
and street committees." How important do you think those committees are in
the attack on the government?

Minister: It would be naive to deny the existence of the committees, and the
government continually pays attention to their activities.

Question: In the budget debate you said the police are often fired at in
black areas. Are the revolutionary elements acquiring more and more firearms?
How do they get them? Can we expect a more serious attack as a result?

Minister: Yes, the ANC has been ordering black people for several years
already to steal as many weapons as possible in order to ultimately use then
against the system. That is no secret.

Question: Then are most of the weapons they have available stolen weapons?

Minister: Yes, most of those that are available in South Africa. But we must
make a distinction between weapons used here in riot situations and those used
in terrorist activities of the ANC. I make a distinction between people who
are involved in the common unrest and terrorists, people who were trained in
terrorism, who occasionally are found here too. One pattern sometimes flows
into the other. In general, terrorists use hand grenades and AK-47's, while
the others use pistols, revolvers, shotguns and other fire arms. Those are
mainly weapons stolen in South Africa and used against us.

Question: What role do criminal elements play in that unrest?

Minister: At the moment they play an important role. It is one» of. the
characteristics of a situation of unrest that shortly after it originates the
criminal element comes forward with robbery, theft, assaults, murders, etc.

It is a very important element, and the police are continually involved with
it during the unstable situation. Therefore it is so important for us to try
to make a distinction between crime committed purely from a criminal
standpoint and crimes which originate from a revolutionary-motivated unstable
situation.

Question: A very important factor is the struggle for the middle group. The
success or failure of permanently recovering law and order in = black areas

47



/12828
cso:

3400/046

But, as a measure of the above difficulties, only
the transport and food unions managed to go the
whole way and merge within the May deadline. The
resulting two new unions are certainly imposing: the
food union - the Food & Allied Workers’ Union -
has a membership of over 60,000, made up from
the former Food & Canning Workers’ Union (one
of the independent unions), Fosatu’s Sweet, Food &
Allied Workers’ Union, and a small Cape Town-
based union, the Retail & Allied Workers’ Union.
A number of workers have joined from SAAWU an
GAWU. The new union is headed by former Food &
Canning Workers’ secretary-general Jan Theron.
The new 26,000-strong transport union - the Trans-
port & General Workers’ Union (TGWU) - is com-
posed of Fosatu’s union of the same name (whose

secretary-general Jane Barret heads the new union)
and the General Workers’ Union (GWU).

One possibly academic point which should not at
this stage be overlooked (bearing in mind the endless
merger negotiations of other unions) is that TGWU’s
members are not exclusively in the transport sector.
Some time ago GWU - a general union as its name
suggests - decided to concentrate on three sectors:
transport, engineering and building materials. It
came to be regarded as one of the most effective
independent unions. Partly because of its excellent
organisation, GWU’s members in the engineering
and building trades have been retained in the new
TGWU. Similarly, office cleaners, who formed a
rather odd component of the old TGWU, are in the
new TGWU. Presumably at some stage these non-
transport members will have to be transferred to
another industrial union.

The eight industrial sectors still trying to merge
are: textiles, clothing and leather; paper, wood and
printing; mining and electrical energy; metal, motor
assembly and motor components; chemical and pet-
roleum; commercial and catering; local government
and public administration; and domestic workers. In
addition to these, Cosatu aims to establish four
new unions for construction, railways, harbours and
airways, and posts and communications and agricul-
ture. Naidoo, who says he is satisfied by progress
made by Cosatu so far, predicts that the new unions
will soon be set up and that the eight remaining
mergers will have taken place by the end of the year.
One limiting factor for such optimism is Cosatu’s
limited finances.

92



JPRS*SSA*86~073
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA

MOZAMBICAN, ANGOLAN REFUGEE NUMBERS SOAR

Lusaka ZAMBIA DAILY MAIL in English 2 Jun 86 pl
[Text] RENEWED heavy fighting between insurgents and
government troops in both Mozambique and Angola

has driven another 10,000 refugees into Zambia
during the past few weeks bringing the total to

30,000.

Commissioner for Refu-
gees, Musyani Simumba
confirmed at the weekend
that 9,000 of the latest arri-
vals were from Angola
where fighting between
UNITA rebels and govern-
ment troops had escalated.

The other 1,000 are Mo-

zambican refugees who |

have also fled from their
country because of heavy
fighting between MNR
rebels and government
troops.

The number of refugees
in Eastern Province was
confirmed by area Member
of the Central Committee,
Betty Chilunga, who said
the total number had in-
creased to 13,000.

Angolan refugees, who
were at present sheltered
in the North-Western Pro-
vince, numbered 18,000.

Mr Simumba conceded
that the growing number of
refugees was causing con-
cern, but paid tribute to

/12828
CSO: 3400/023

non-governmental organi-
sations for their assistance
in looking after the welfare~
of the refugees.

Mrs Chilunga said how-
ever that in spite of the in-
flux, the United Nations
High Commission for Re-
fugees (UNHR), the Zam-
bia Red Cross and other
agencies were working
round the clock to make
them comfortable.

The refugees have been
given enough food, medical
supplies and clothing ‘‘and
the situation was under
control.’

Mrs Chilunga has mean-
while called on the Chipata
District Council to meet its
counterparts in Malawi on
stepping up educational ca-
mpaign to villagers along
the border.

She said a number of vill-
agers in the area do not
know exactly on which side *

30

they belong because “the
demarcation lines made by
colonialists cut through
their farmlands.

“We have two villages
which still need political
education on’ which side
they legally belong. The
council should look into
this,” she said adding that
in the past relevant authori-
ties have met ta resolve
similar issues.



CENSUS AS

POLITICAL WEAPON, SOLUTIONS PROBED

Kaduna NEW NIGERIAN in English 28 May 86 p 7

[Article by Yahaya Sanda]

[Text]

CENSUS in Nigeria is one of.
the contentious national issu +s
since the adoption of a Federal:
system of government, there
has never been a generally ac-
ceptable census ‘figure
because there is undue em-

‘phasis on the political aspects
of the census.

CENSUS AS A POLITICAL

WEAPON

After the amalgamation of
1914, the North which was
educationally backward
feared South's domination in
the private and public service
sectors of the country, it
therefore sought political
power at the centre as a
leverage.

Hence at the Ibadan Con-
stitutional Conference in 1949,
the then Northern Region
demanded for a north-south
parity of representation in
:Nigeria’s Central Legislature.
‘This means that the Northern
Region would have a degree of
representation in the House of
Representatives equal to that
of the other two regions,
(Western and Eastern) put
together.

The Northern Region
threatened to secede if its de-
mand was not met. The same
demand was made in the 1951
constitutional conference. The
1953 census results sustained

the pressure for parity
because they gave a
demographic base for the com-
promise political drrange-

ment of 1951. As far as the’

political leaders in the North
were concerned, this was the
best political arrangement
while their counterparts in the
South criticised this arrang-
ment as unfair.

The Northern Region, by
virtue of her population and
size, had become a dominant
partner, This is _con-
trary to the principle of
Federalism and had therefore:
constituted a threat to the
security and stability of the
Country.

1962-63 CENSUS

Nigeria had attained her in-
dependence in 1960. The af-
fairs of the country were now
run by the three Regions.
Every Region had its own
dominant political party
which struggled with other
two Regional parties to con-
trol the political power at the
centre,

The census figures would
therefore determine the
number of Parliamentary
seats each region would have
in the Federal House of
Representatives. Majority
parliamentary seats would
generate guarantee effective
and exclusive control of
Federal power.

uu

JPRS=SSA~86-073
11 July 1986

NIGERIA

According to AFRICA No. 5
page 40:
“The outcome of the 1962-63
census proved.a disaster. It*
split the country.and caused
an upheaval. ress (I (Daily
Express}disclosures put the
population of the North far
below that of the South: 11
million as against 18 million.
The attempt by the new
Minister of Economic
Development tq correct the
impression created by these
disclosures succeeded only
in re-establishing ‘the rela-
tive North-South parity
concept of 1952-53,”
The controversy over-the 1963
census helped to demonstrate
further that the census exer-
cise is not simply a demo-
graphic or statistical matter
ut a political issue.

THE 1973 CENSUS

Natienal population census
was one of Gowon's nine-

point programme to be ac-
complished before a return to
civil rule. Political situation
had changed. No more those
powerful regions. 12 states
had been created in their
‘place - six in the north and six
in the South. It must be noted
and taken into consideration
Jater that all the new states de-
pend to a large extent on the
Federal Government. for
financial assistance. Distribu- |
tion Pool Accounts sharing is



A distinction must also be drawn between motivations for mission work and
motivations for apartheid. The motivation for mission work was undoubtedly
pure and noble, and there were also honorable motivations for apartheid, but
other motivations that cannot be reconciled with the gospel have also played a

decisive role.

No one can object to the motivation that everyone should hear the gospel in
his own language, that culture also plays an important role in the church, and
that coloreds should also have the opportunity to take a leadership role.

What is interesting, however, is that numerous other churches inside and
outside South Africa have tried to implement these motivations, but that they
have never done so through a church apartheid structure.

"Furthermore, there is the separate church for Coloreds, who have the same
language and culture as we do. The mere fact of the NG Mission Church's
existence counters the argument that it was merely the noble motivation of
separate language and culture that led the NG Church to set up eccesiastical
apartheid."

Finally, we must confess that we do not know exactly how to continue, and that
we need the spiritual community and help of other Christians in order to think
out with them the road ahead.

Prof Koenig says that what the NG Church does not need to confess is that
Afrikaners are worse and more evil than other people. "There have been
greater sins in history than apartheid and greater sinners than the
Afrikaners."

We do not need to confess that apartheid is a well-thought out demonic plan
for destroying coloreds. Nor do we need to confess that everything that has

been said about the NG Church is the truth.

"Even if we should confess our own attitudes, we do not have to imply that the
attitudes of all other groups has always been good and right.

"Moreover, I am convinced that a heart-felt confession on our part will
unleash a series of confessions in our country that, like a cleansing stream,
will wash away the debris of injustice, alienation and hate and create room
for a new beginning," Prof Koenig writes.

12271
CSO: 3401/154

58



LIBYA PLEDGES ALD FOR NATION IN WAKE OF RSA ATTACK

Gaborone THE GUARDIAN in English 23 May 86 p 2

[Article by Douglas Tsiako]

[Text]

IN THE aftermath of”
the air and ground attack
by South African troops
on Mogoditshane, Bo-
tswana has recieved a
pledge of “any type of
support in its struggle
against South African
terrorism”, a leader of a
special delegation from
Libyan leader Colone!
Muamar Gaddafi told
journalists at a press
‘conference Tuesday.

“Our mission here is
related to the last June 14
raid, But you could say it
is also related to yester-
day's raid because we left
Libya after hearing
about it. We also brought
a special message from
Colonel Gaddafi about
the situation in the
aftermath of the Ameri-
can air raid on Tripoli
and Benghasi", said Mr
Mohained Rajai

Mr Rajap said they
told the Vice-President
Mr Peter Mmusi they

19317
cso: 3400/013

viewed the United States,
South Africa and Israel
as enemies of small

countries like Libya and
Botswana,

“Our enemy is one.
Our enemy is the United
States which supports the
Zionist occupation of
Palestine, the racist
South African regime
and its illegal occu-
pation of Namibia and as
well as traitor of Angola
Jonas Savimbi. This is all
evidence of American
enmity”.

He said despite loss of
life and damage to
property caused by the
American air raid Libya
was still a fortress of
freedom and liberation.
Thirty-seven people were
killed and. 100 injured in
the three-day attack-
from April 15 to 16. Mr
Rajap described these
casualties as “a small
price for freedom”.

Colonel Gaddafi's
residence, his private

tent and a centre for dis-
abled people were also
bombed in the raid.
Describing American
President Ronald Rea-
gan as a crazy killer, the

Libyan emissary said no
amount of force from a
superpower would stop
his country from suppor-
ting genuine liberation
movements the world
over.

Mr Rajap was apt to
explain that in the
American context libera-
tion and terrorism were
synonymous. That is
why, he said,’ President
Reagan considered
Colonel Gaddafi an
arch-enemy.

He said recent reports
in the international press
had absolved Libya of
charges that it was
responsible for terrorist
attacks in Western
capitals.

Asked about the
controversial “Line of

JPRS*SSA~86~073
ll July 1986

BOTSWANA

Death” which is at the
centre of the dispute
between Libya and the
United States, Mr Rajap
said his country had felt
threatened when the US
amassed a fleet of war-
ships and aircraft carriers
near the Libyan shore.

The line runs from
Tripoli in the west to
Benghasi in the east. It is
about 200 nautical miles
from the shore at the
longest. Libya considers
the area its territorial
waters.

Mr Rajap would not
say whether the pledge to
Botswana included mili-
tary assistance. But he
emphasised: Any type of
support, economic and
otherwise. Botswana
only needs to ask”.

The press conference
was held at the Libyan
embassy soon after the
four-man delegation had
met the Vice-President.
They described the talks
as cordial and pleasant.

Y,



JPRS*SSA*86~073
11 July 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

FAILURE OF COSATU'S MERGER ATTEMPTS DESCRIBED
London AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL in English 4 Jun 86 pp 3, 4

[Text] The country’s largest trade union federation, the
Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu),
has failed to meet its end-of-May deadline for merg-
ing its 30 or so affiliates into 10 industry-based
unions. Though Cosatu remains a powerful organisa-
tion, prolonged internal bargaining by its members
will detract from its overall political muscle. So far
affiliates in only two sectors - food and transport -
have actually merged.

Most observers believed the May deadline was
always optimistic. After all, it took four years of
sometimes heated negotiation to establish Cosatu.
Since the latter’s launch last November (AC Vol 26
No 24), Cosatu officials have progressively toned
down their expectations of rapid mergers between
affiliates. In April, for example, Cosatu secretary-
general Jay Naidoo said the merger resolution could
be ‘interpreted to mean that there must be substan-
tial progress’’ by 31 May.

The fundamental problem lies in Cosatu’s make-
up: a combination of unions from the Federation of
South African Trade Unions (Fosatu), a number of
independent unions, and unions affilitated to the
United Democratic Front (UDF). Though the Fosatu

] and independent unions come from broadly the same
tradition as their UDF counterparts, they have very
different ideas about how to organise themselves.
Fosatu and the independents emphasise shop-floor
organisation within specific industries, gaining a
reputation as the most professional unions to have
emerged since the early 1970s, while the UDF unions
emphasise opposition to apartheid, thus somewhat
neglecting shop-floor organisation.

The other key difference is that Fosatu and the
independents are unequivocally committed to indus-
trial unionism - as epitomised by Fosatu’s slogan

90



JPRS“SSA*86~073
11 July 1986

ZAMBIA

BRIEFS

MANIPULATION BY 'DESTRUCTIVE CRITICS' WARNING--President Kaunda today warned
leaders not to fall easy prey to destructive critics who might be used by
the country's enemies to manipulate the poor economic situation to achieve
their evil intentions. The president, who was speaking when he officially
opened the seventh southern African [as heard] party conference in Living-
stone, told the delegates that some people were sending circulars denouncing
the party and its government on the poor state of economy, alleging that

the government was doing nothing to improve the situation. Dr Kaunda said
some unscrupulous critics cared more for their individual gains than for

the public interest. Dr Kaunda said he knew these people should be forgiven
because they did not know what they were doing. The president said it is
the leader's responsibility at all levels to jealously consolidate and guard
the country's hard-won independence day and night. Dr Kaunda said that rein-
troduction of boarding fees in secondary schools did not mean that the party
hated the people but it was only that. the government had no money to feed th
people. [Text] [Lusaka Domestic Service in English 1800 GMT 11 Jun 86 MB]
16662

cso: 3400/040

35



Business Attitude Toward Blacks Criticized

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 po

[Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

The business sector, like the
Government, is guilty of paying
lip-service to the subject of
black advancement and often
takes action “too little, too
late", says the Project Free
Enterprise report.

The business community had
a major responsibility to en-
sure that blacks benefited
directly from the system, said
the report.

The researchers were criti-
cal of the progress made so far
to “sell” the free enterprise
system, referring to the alarm-
ing decline in productivity.

“Management pays lip-ser-
vice to important issues, such
as black advancement and in-
centives. Top management
views are not properly com-
municated down the line or are
disbelieved,” it said.

“The exclusion of workers
from meaningful participation
undermines the very essence of

organisational survival,” said
the report.

The major problem was the
discrepancy in the views of
management, and workers.

“At this early stage of the re-
search it becomes apparent
that management's perception
of what they are doing differs
substantially from the worker’s
perception of their actions.

INSENSITIVITY

“The business sector is mak-
ing itself guilty of exactly the
same transgressions for which
central government is often
blamed — lip-service, far too
little action too late and insen-
sitivity to the environment and
needs of the recipients of the
Proposed strategy.”

The report said it was “clear
that the workforce would not
commit itself to enhancing
quality and productivity whilst
the current negative percep-

86+
JPRS+SSA*8
41 July 1986

tions prevail”.

To achieve higher productiv-
ity and improved quality the
project focused on four main
priorities:

@ Developing participating sys-
tems.

@ Encouraging black advance-
ment.

@ Establishing worker percep-
tions,

@ Developing incentive reward
systems.

The report said that the busi-
ness “micro” strategy and the
Government's “macro” strate-
gy should be developed togeth-
er.

“It is the Government's re-
sponsiblity to create the type of
socio-economic and socio-polit-
ical environment in which bpsi-
ness can survive and prosper
and it is the responsibility of
business to utilise this environ-
ment to the optimum benfit of
all the participants.”

Report Advocates Involving Workers

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 9 Jun 86 po

{Article by Colleen Ryan]

[Text]

The most effective way
of gaining commitment
to the free enterprise sys-
tem is to encourage
worker participation, the
Free Enterprise Report
has recommended.

Researchers investi-
gated top companies
which had committed
themselves to improving
worker-manager rela-
tions and found the best
successes were in partici-
pative management
systems.

They concluded em-
ployers were generally
still guilty of totalitarian
and autocratic styles of
management that ruled
out meaningful participa-
tion by workers in basic
processes such as perfor-
mance improvement and
decision-making.

The report found a
need for top management
commitment in ensuring
that participation suc-
ceeded and said there
was a need for funda-
mental change in mana-
gerial attitudes.

97

PROGRESS

It also found that or-
ganisations which had
made some progress in
developing participative
systems had needed to
personalise the system.
For example, quality
groups formed by a com-
Pany would be given spe
cial names,

With all successes, a
Process of starting small
and then growing was
followed. Also participa-
tion in group systems had
to be voluntary,

To succeed, workers
had to be given authority
to implement solutions
and investigate problems.

An important feature
of developing participa-
tion systems was through
education programmes.
Much of the success of
participative systems de-
pended upon an em-
Ployee's understanding of
why a company needed to
make profits.

073


After his election as leader, Mr Eglin stated that the PFP will gladly
participate in Parliament. He will also have to state whether he will allow
members of his own party to continue freely with actions which can bring the

relevance of Parliament into question.

8700
CSO: 3401/139

38