the Middle East. Conceding that it is unrealistic for one to expect such a
wand to cure any ill, the NEW NIGERIAN reminds Mr Bush of the statement of
Senator Jallo Waziri that the United States was using delaying tactics over
the Namibian independence question. In its view, Washington is better placed
to work out permanent solutions to the problems in these areas since it main-
tains very close ties with South Africa and Israel. It is against this back-
ground that the NEW NIGERIAN describes as nothing to Mr Bush and his government
the joint communique signed by him and Dr Ekwueme, particularly the aspect
where they both agreed on independence for Namibia based on UN Resolution 435.
[Excerpt] [AB181032 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 18 Nov 82]

CRITICISM OF FRANCE'S ATTITUDE--The DAILY TIMES examines the foreign policy of
France, and regrets that the Mitterrand government seems to be playing on the
intelligence of African countries. According to the paper, reports have it
that France is now planning to sell a second French nuclear powerplant to

the apartheid regime in South Africa. What bothers the paper is how a govern-
ment whose leading members spoke out most unequivocally against South Africa
in Paris should eat its words. The TIMES makes it clear to President Mitter-
rand to realize that!his plan will amount to an wupardonable distortion of
the ideological principles which his party profusely professes. [Excerpt]
[AB181115 Lagos International Service in English 0830 GMT 18 Nov 82]

SYSTEM OF MINORITY PROTECTION--The Nigerian Law Reform Commission says it will
evolve a system that will protect interest of various social cultural and
religious groups in the country. The chairman of the commission, Mr Justice
Daly Alexander, gave the assurance while briefing newsmen on the functions

of the commission in the Bornu State capital Makurdi yesterday. Mr Justice
Alexander says a reformation of the Nigeria law system had become necessary
because some of the laws which were initiated. by the British colonial mas-
ters were not in line with the present social setup in the country. [Text]
JAB220755 Lagos Domestic Service in English 0700 GMT 22 Nov 82]

KADUNA GOVERNOR ON RIOTS--Kaduna, 23 Nov (NAN)--The governor of Kaduna State,
Alhaji Abba Musa Rimi, yesterday in Kaduna said that unless the underlying
causes of the last religious disturbances in some parts of the country were
found, there would not be a lasting solution to the problem. He told a dele-
gation of the Kano State House of Assembly in his office that the counry's
security organs must find out the real people and reasons behind the disturban-
ces. He pointed out that if the organs had been doing their work properly,
they should have had a foreknowledge of the latest disturbances since such
riots were not breaking out for the first time. The 10-man delegation, led
by the deputy speaker, Alhaji Idris Adahama, was in the government house to
sympathize with the government and peophe of the state over the recent reli-
gious disturbances in Kaduna. [Text] [AB231128 Lagos NAN in English 1123 GMT
23 Nov 82]

CsO: 3400/281

56



who now would like to see the Polisario as a liberation movement, We do not
want to fire the debates, as we are seeking an honorable solution; this will
not take long. I am convinced that the OAU will be back on track before the
end of the year and that Africa will have an OAU then respected by everyone
through the provisions of its charter.

Lacote: Mr President, I am going to ask you one last question about your
country, Guinea's official gazette recently announced the sentencing of
Mr Kabassan Keita for the misappropriation of public funds, Do you foresee
specific measures in your country to put an end to the embezzlement and
fraudulent practices which you yourself have sometimes denounced in various
speeches and which can paralyze your country's economic development?

President Sekou Toure: Guinea has proclaimed its revolutionary vocation;
consequently, it has been provided with all the institutional, organizational
and operational structures to enable its people to control its political,
economic, social and cultural life, and therefore the operation of the state,

Guinea is the only country in the world, the only people to have proclaimed
a historic phase which is not even envisaged by others, that of the Party-
State, eliminating any dichotomy between the state and the people,

Besides, just recently you witnessed a meeting assembling around 1,800
representatives elected at all levels; districts, arrondissements, communes,
regions; plus all the national representatives: national leaders of the unions,
the women's groups, the youth groups--they all participate in the conception,
the discussion and the decision on everything involving the nation's develop=
ment. Minister Kabassan has made mistakes, and it was at the same Palace of
the People that these mistakes were revealed, The courts were informed, he
has recognized his errors before the court and before the people, You will
understand that if he recognizes that he has made serious mistakes, he also
recognizes that he deseryes the punishment inflicted. The people are watching.
Kabassan is not the only one, There are dishonest people at all levels, And
dishonesty is one of the causes of the African continent's economic back<
wardness, We are not saying that Africa has a monopoly on dishonesty, Dis-
honest people are found on every continent, in every nation, even in every
province or region of a country, and in most families, But, we cannot compare
ourselves to the Americans, the French, the English or the Germans in this
area, We must take our country's considerable backwardness into consideration
in order to respect public funds which are the only resources capable of pro=
moting an economy to satisfy the tremendous needs of our people. You, you

can be tolerant of a minister who has misappropriated millions, But, as for
us, we are strict; and as for the repressive measures against theft and against
social dissipation, drug use and alcoholism for example, these measures have
been enacted by the people, and one of the characteristics of the Guinea
People's Democracy is that all the codes in force in the jurisdictions have
been discussed in every village and every district, The Guinea Parliament

is not authorized to pass legislation that the people have not adopted,

Statue 043, currently in force and dealing with the repression of theft, was
discussed by the people at all levels, And Mr Kabassan had participated in

22



tar nanies. rendered. phoneti ily or: trans!
‘losed in parentheses: = "Words or. names preceded “by! |



PRESIDENT NYERERE PAYS

‘GLOWING TRIBUTE' TO PLO

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 26 Oct 82 p 1

[Excerpt]

cso:

3400/184

CCM Chairman Mwalimu
Nyerere yesterday paid
glowing tribute to the
Palestine Liberation
Organisation (PLO) for
having heroically resisted in-
vading Israeli troops in
Beirut.

Speaking at the Diamond
Jubilee Hall in Dar es Salaam
after the PLO representative
to the Second Ordinary Party
National Conference, Ndugu
Sami Musallam, had presen-
ted his Party's message to the
Conference, Mwalimu
reiterated Tanzania’s con-
tinued support for the people
of Palestine in the struggle to
regain their motherlan

He explained that the
Palestinian struggle was dif-
ferent from the struggle say in
other parts of Africa because
the Palestinians had been
deprived of both their
motherland and freedom.

Mwalimu noted, for exam-
ple, that when the people of
Mozambique fought against
Portuguese colonialism, they
‘waged their struggle for the
liberation of their own coun-
try. :

Similarly, the people of
Namibia are struggling to
remove the South African

65

racists from their country.
Even Tanzanians struggled
against colonialism from their
own country, he explained.

The Palestinians had their
country taken from them and
very few were living in their
motherland. oa

“An entire nation has been
driven out, and has no land”,
Mwalimu told the attentive
delegates.

He observed that despite
being made refugees, the
Palestinians had been sub-
jected to countless brutalities
‘by their enemies who ‘have
been pursuing ‘them, wherever
they went, just as they in-
vaded Lebanon last June.

Mwalimu saluted the PLO
for having been able to send a
representative to the Party
National Conference ‘despite
the problems the people of
Palestine were facing.

He-said Tanzania would
continue drawing the
awareness of the in-
ternational community to the
nature of the Palestinian
struggle.

Mwalimu asked the Con-
ference delegates to rise and
demonstrate to the people of
Palestine that Tanzanians
were behind their cause.

TANZANIA


FIRST STATE-OWNED SUPERMARKET TO OPEN NEXT MONTH

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Charles Kizigha]

[Excerpt]

THE first state-owned
supermarket -will be opened in
Dar es Salaam at the beginning
of .next.month, the Director
General of the Board of Internal
Trade: (BIT). .Ndugu M. A.
Urio, said in Dares Salaam
yesterday. : .

He said the -supermarket
would be -housed in the former
Temeke Community Centre: in
Temeke district which has so far
been renovated. The second and
third: supermarkets would be
opened in Dar es Salaam. and
Dodoma early next year.

Ndugu Urio, however, stated
that the opening of the two other
supermarkets would depend on
the performance of the first.

le said. that the supermarkets
would operate under the
umbrella of Biashara Consumer
Services ‘ Company . Limited
established last year by BIT with
seven million shillings capital.

CsO: 3400/184

76

Ndugu Urio said manpower to
man the supermarket has already
‘been identified and there was
accumulated stocks of day to day
household requirements, textiles
and hardwaré materials."

He said the supermarkets will
later be turned into
departmental stores which

would spread from the city to the

fegions. :

* Ndugu Urio pointed that share:
holders of. Biashara Consumer
Services Company Limited
include .National Trading

-Companies (NTCs) such as the

Agricultural Industrial Supplies
Company, (AISCO), General
Foo iompany ~(GEFCO),
Domestic Appliance and Bi cle
Company (DABCO), Building,
Hardware Electrical Supplies
Company (BHESCO) and the
National
Company (NAPCO). __

Pharmaceutical

TANZANIA



Very generally, this is the way the marketing campaign has been going. We
have added some more experience to our previous experience, and in the next
marketing campaign we hope to correct all these mistakes and meet the approved
quotas.

Question: Comrade commissioner, what can you tell us about the recent massacre
in the Bunjei commune?

Answer: The Bunjei massacre--not only in Bunjei but also in Chinhama--took
place 3 days before the comrade president visited our province. These two
massacres are a demonstration of what our people are made of. I mean to say
that our people, despite all the sacrifice, all the situations we are going
through, trust in the party. When the enemy comes to "mobilize" the people and
the people repel them, this is the "result:" the indiscriminate massacre of old
people, women and children. But it is a clear demonstration of the nature of
the enemy. In fact, despite everything, our people trust in the MPLA, they
have confidence in the party and in its leaders, and they reject, now more
than ever, reactionary politics, tribalist, in the end...So when the people
reject them, they have:no other solution but to kill old people, women and
children.

Question: How do you view the future?

Answer: Well, I feel that, despite everything, the balance is positive; posi-
tive because the party is there, with its structures in place. The people
trust in the party. The province has the supreme governing body, the provin-
cial people's assembly, which has its executive organ. This is the most
positive thing. A great deal needs to be done to really insure the imple-
mentation of the party directives, compared with what we have done in these

3 years ("a drop in the bucket"). But the most important thing is this. The
party and the people are there. Now we need to utilize these forces--the
party and the people--rationally so that we can really solve the people's
problems. And the central agencies must give more support to Huambo Province
because it is a strategic province from every standpoint, even for the
progress of our revolution itself, If we all understand this and provide
more support, Huambo Province could make better strides in solving the people's
problems. For my part, I will continue to give my support, since I am People's
Assembly deputy for the province. I will participate and try to make the
comrades in the central agencies aware that we must pay special attention to
Huambo Province, to overcome or minimize some of the problems it is having.

We have a vigorous force there, which is the party; there are good party
members there, who are active, who understand the existing problems and can
pass on this understanding to the masses, so they will face the problems more
seriously and with total and unconditional engagement.

6362
CSO: 3442/29

12



2. The Conference strongly con-
demns the South African racist
regime for .its~ provocative acts
against, and invasions of Angola,
Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Zambia

_and_other Frontline States. The
7
states for their courageous stand
to “stem the provocations and
assures them of Tanzania's un-
flinching moral and material sup-
port in contending with the
_enemy. |

3. The Conference supports the
liberation struggle in southern
Africa being waged by the African.
National Congress (ANC) and the
Pan. Africanist Congress of Azania
(PAC) against the racist regime of
South Africa.

4, The Conference supports the
liberation struggle waged by the
people of Western Sahara. under
the leadership of their Party,
Polisario. The Conference sup-
ports the steps taken by some
African states to recognise the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic
Republic. 1

5. The Conference urges all
members of the Organisation for
African Unity: (OAU) not to be
swayed by our enemies and to en-
sure that every effort is made to
strengthen African Unity which is
the only effective weapon against
divisive plots.

6. The Conference strongly con-
demns Israel’s invasion of
Lebanon and the massacre “of
Palestinians ‘and anese.

7. The Conference calls on the
Israel Government to stop its in-
vasion and withdraw un-
conditionally from Lebanon.

8. The Conference supports the
right of Palestinians, under the
leadership of the Palestine
Liberation Organisation (PLO), to
a free nation.

9. The Conference further calls
on the international community to
find a lasting solution to the Mid-
dle East conflict.

10. The Conference stresses that
global peace and security will
depend mainly on the-absence of
potential areas of conflict and un-
Necessary recourse to force. This
entails permanent. resolution “of
policy of Ujamaa and self-reliance
was the cause of our economic
problems. For if this were the
case, then developing countries
pursuing capitalist. economic
policies would not have been
facing similar economic problems.
However, we are all aware of the
causes of the present economic
problems. :

Therefore the Conference .calls
on Party and Government leaders
as well as CCM members to
thoroughly educate themselves on
the causes of our present economic

plight as correctly. explained by _

the Party Chairman, Mwalimu
Julius Kambarage Nverere, lest
we are swayed by our enemies.

The Conference points out that
our ability to solve problems
which are beyond our control is
limited, but emphasises that those
either induced by our mistakes or
within our means to solve must be
overcome through a combination
of dedication and hard work. The
Conference therefore directs the
Party, Government and its in-
stitutions to take immediate steps
to solve the problems within the
framework of socialism and sélf-
reliance.

The Conference has also
discussed in detail the Party

airman’s report on the various
steps the Party and Government
are taking to revive our eocnom(,
including the National Economic
Survival Programmes. Since the
1971 Party Guidelines notes that
“the basis of Tanzania's Develop-
ment and Tanzanians themselves
particularly every patriot and
every socialist”, the Conference
therefore stresses that the solution
of-our economic problems would
lie mainly in hard work. While we
cmay need foreign aid now and
then, that-would only serve as a
catalyst toour own effarts and not
the basis of our development. The
Conference directs that;

1. Self-reliance should be im-
plemented fully, for that is the
most reliable path not only of our
development but also one that en-
sures the security of our freedom.
Therefore the ability of our Party
and. Government leaders would
from now onwards be measured
through their efforts to- mobi
‘the people in the villages, districts,
regions and’ other areas, in self-
reliance activities. *

2. ff agficulturé in to play its
historical role in the country by |
providing fopd for the people in
the country, raw materials for our
industries, foreign exchange from
sales of cash crops and provide
employment for our people, then
every effort must be made to give
it (agriculture) its due weight in
the national development _
programme

3. Present investment in
agricultural development is very
low relative to the importance of
the sector in national develop-
ment. For example, the third five
year development plan
(1976/1977- 1980/8!) was allocated
12.8 per cent only with real -ex-
penditure constituting 7.3 per
cent the fourth five year develop-
ment (1981/82-1985/86) has been
allocated 21 per cent for the
agricultural sector. Although the
sector this time appears to have
_been: favoured, the amount.

71

allocated is however, inadequate.
Therefore, our fourth five year
development plan must be
reviewed to give the agricultura!
sector the importance it deserves.

4. Every village will have to im-
plement the National Executive
Committee's (NEC) directive that
every village must have a’com-
munal farm of a minimum of 100
hectares, for evidence shows that
villages with ‘big communal
register major successes in
agricultural development.
Districts and regions must ensure
that the “preparation
Programme” on agriculture issued
by NEC in September 1981 is fully
implemented.

5. Timely delivery of agri-
cultural inputs, prompt purcha-
sing of food ‘and cash. crops
from the peasants coup-
led with timely paymen: of
their ‘dues are fundamental in
boosting morale. The governnient
must therefore take immediate
steps to rectify the present
weaknesses in: those areas. The
government should coordinate
and supervise_agriculture-relared
institutions; These should be
streamlined to assist peasants ef-
fectively. .

6. In implementing laws related
to the new set up of cooperative
societies, the thrust of the govern-
ment should be on consolidating
-ujamaa and improving services for
peasants. .

7. From now - onwards, em-
phasis: should be ‘placed -on
irrigation which is a-more certain
way of realising agricultural suc-

as it is not antagonised by
hostile weather. In the light of the
present economic problems, -the
relevant’ ministries, districts and
regions should lay emphasis on
irrigation farming. People should
be encouraged to embark on small
cale irrigation’Xchemes which do
mot need high technology. For a
start,.efforts could be made to en-
courage the people’ to use
traditional methods of irrigation
farming.

8.-Development .plans should be
carefully. mapped... and_
scrupulously implemented. In ad-
dition a scheme should be devised
under which those discharging
their duties properly would be
distinguished “from the defiants
who should be booked.

9. Time has come for the im-
plementation of the Party policy
compelling every abled-bodied
Person to engage in productive
work. All ministries and regions
should. prepare, by June 1983,
programmes to ensure that
everyone in the villages and urban
centres fitting that description was
productive. Offices, industries,



framework of its general commitment with all social elements or individuals
toward the goal of our common vision, which we also share, of creating a
consensus... In the short term, it is doing so with the purpose of rallying
as many people as possible around the government in order to produce a con-
sensus and thereby bring about the necessary changes, Thus, this contacting
of various categories of people or social groups is not done with the pur-
pose of strengthening our own political position, Nevertheless, the PSM
does as a party have the right to strengthen and better ogranize itself with
the objective of preserving the party's identity.

[Question] Do you have any special statement to make?

[Answer] First, as a government partner, we will call on the people in
general to give us a helping hand in our work, particularly since we are
living through a difficult period, The government has to face up to some
hard realities. We have undeniably done our best during the past 3 months,
but 3 months is nothing in relation to the huge task we have ahead of us,
The press must also join in this task by making positive criticism,

There are a number of rumors in circulation about the PSM, but I believe
they are all without foundation, The PSM has conviction and is sincere in
what it undertakes, Our objective coincides with that of the national
interest, and is not parochial, as some are trying to make people believe,
We work in the interest of the whole island of Mauritius.

9920
cso: 3419/70

29



EMPLOYEES’ TOP

COMPANIES
Position

1 Art ‘

2 Dunlop

3 Hunyani

4 Delta

5 TA.

South African com-
panies will have nothing
to do with this (in their
opinion) dangerously lib-
eral style of reporting.
For example read what
top company South Afri-
can Breweries, related
closely to our Delta Cor-
poration, wrote  con-
cerning ‘its view on the
UN and that body's ef-
forts to improve corporate
reporting: ‘‘'Pro-
nouncements of any Un-
ited Nations organisation
are regarded with scant
respect if any at all, and
certainly what they have
to say regarding multi-
national companies has
been completely ignored.”

‘The UK position is dif-
ferent from that in the
US and South Africa.
There, because of a more
socialistic society, com-
panies are becoming more
aware of the need to con-
sider not just shareholders
if they are to be truly
tops in the eyes of the na-
tion. Today, organised in-
dustrial institutes, — pro-
fessional accountancy
bodies and the media offer
prized awards to those
companies producing the
best reports for all types
of user ‘groups or
stakeholders and a num-
ber of the competition
categories are for the
excellence of employee
reports.

In Zimbabwe there are

relatively few investors in _

~yelation to its population,
and even fewer local in-
vestors; our work. force
although a small _ per-
centage of the national
population is nevertheless
a most vital iticome pro-
vider for the masses. In
addition the Government
is keenly interested in the
affairs of the private
business: sector, for both
economic and ideological
reasons.

Therefore although it is
very necessary to consider
the value of a company to
its shareholders (for with-
out satisfying them there_

will be no new private in-
vestment growth in Zim-
babwe), entrepreneurs
must also place great em-
phasis on the value of the
company to employees,
government and = Zim-
babwean society as a
whole if it is to remain
viable. Thus, four ser
groups must be considered
when selecting top com-
_panies.

Nevertheless size is still
a factor to be taken into
account. In addition there
are recognised measures
of interest to different
user groups: Shareholders
are concerned with the-
returns on’ their in-
vestment and the risk in-
volved; employees are
interested in returns and
risks of a different kind,
namely the amount of the
take-home pay and related
benefits and the security
of the company; lenders
worry about-the safety of
their money and the bor-
rowers’ prospects; while
the government may be
interested in all these fac-
tors because they affect
the economic and social
good of the nation.

In fact we now see that
all these sectors focus
their attention on earn-
ings and risk in various
forms. But when these are
met, it is the biggest com-
‘pany which satisfies these
criteria which is the top
company.

And so today there are
displayed tables listing
the names of those quoted
companies in Zimbabwe
(other than mines and
banks) who are the big-
gest in sales, assets, pro-
fits, market capitalisation,
income tax paid, employee _
numbers, value added, and
new investment.

Of the big companies
who appear on the top ten
in earnings backed by the
apparent stability of large
asset and sales figures,
shareholder —_ preference
could be expected to place
them in the following
order.

In the top band would
come Dunlop, TSL and
Plate Glass. All’ give a
return of about 25 percent_
‘on shareholders’ funds em-
ployed; all had an excel-
lent growth in earnings:
TSL_achieviny

100

trend of 37 percent, Dun-
lop 36- percent, and Plate
Glass 26 percent, all well
above the inflationary
rates indicated by the con-
sumer price index. Vul-
nerability may be claimed
to exist in respect of Dun-
lops and TSL because of
their relatively high “sales
margin” ratios, for a fall
_off in turnover will have a
greater adverse effect on
their profitability than
those " companies —ex-
periencing the same fall
off in demand but struc-
tured on a lower ratio
base, e.g. National Foods.

Shareholders’ .choice:

However Dunlop, Plate
Glass and TSL are nudged
out of the first place
_grouping by three com-
panies who do not figure
in the big size league
tables. They are Central
African Cables, CAPS, and
Hdgars. All three pro-
duced excellent returns on
equity employed; | Cafca

THE TOP TEN IN
‘COME TAX PAID

sntitons
1 TA. 55
2 Plate Glass, 48
3 Dunlop 3,7
4 Central African
Cables ~ 25
5 TSU wu 23
6 Rothmans 2,2
7 19
8 16
9 15
10 David
_ Whitehead 15

ing eps trends and Edgars
gave good growth coupled
with splendid operating,
working capital and
security indicators.

Art, David Whitehead
and National Foods are
placed in the third place
band just ahead of Delta,
TA and Hunyani who had
less pleasing results for
shareholders. These latter
three holding companies
had returns on equity
funds of 14/16 percent,
TA had a negative eps
trend of 27 percent, Delta
did not cover the in-
flationary rate by record-
ing an eps growth of only
7 percent and. started
warning lights blinking



have a homogeneous and stable government that will have the lucidity, courage
and determination that the country's welfare requires of the government. It
is necessary that mentally and in our work and practice as well, we leave the
political crisis behind us and that we ‘concentrate on the essential."

The minister of finance continued: "For me, the essential thing as minister
of finance and economy is to continue a policy of austerity and economic re-
construction so that within.the shortest possible time, the country may
regain its economic independence with an improved balance of payments and
reduced unemployment."

Unemployment

Berenger then went on to speak about specific immediate proposals of his min-
istry: "The 'White Book’ on the sales tax will be circulated on Friday. :The
one of rice and flour will be circulated on Tuesday and the details on the
Solidarity Fund to help unemployed heads of family without any income will
be ready and circulated in two weeks.

“If I said that for me, as minister of finance and economy, the essential
thing is our economic policy, as a Mauritian, the essential thing is also
that after the recent political crisis, our country get back on the path of
progress it took on 11 June, in order to go beyond communalism and consolidate
the unity of the Mauritian.nation."

In conclusion, Berengéer thanked the trade unions for "their good word" and
for the appeals they addressed to him during the political crisis. "I am
mainly speaking to the trade unions, but also to all Mauritians in general who
wish to make a success of our economic recovery effort."

Questions From Newsmen
Berenger then answered questions from the press.

[Question] You have emphasized that the country will have a stable and homo-
geneous government. You therefore assume that the government crisis will be
solved very rapidly, moving toward a reorganization of the coalition?

[Answer] I did not say what you said. I did not say more or less. What I
said is that I am satisfied that whatever happens, Mauritius will have a
stable and homogeneous government.

[Question] Are you satisfied that the atmosphere in the country since the
budget has helped the recovery? Are you satisfied that your budget has helped
the recovery?

[Answer] I said what L.said, but not only with respect to the budget. The
budget is also a method of work for the government, a whole policy of continu-
ing dialogue. Not all this comes just from me, naturally, but from the entire
government team. I say and I repeat: We have succeeded in creating the
necessary psychological climate and getting the recovery going. I add: The
recovery is still possible. It depends on the will of the Mauritian people.

36



taking place in the church, especially the NGK [Dutch Reformed Church], in
South Africa. One of the resolutions passed has included a statement of
support for the South African’ Council of Churches. All Christian churches
have been urged.to support attempts to persuade the department of cooperation
and development to free them from the group areas act. And a resolution has
been passed which says a national convention representing all groups in

South Africa offers the only real possibility for peaceful solution to the
country's problems. [Text] [MB181446 Umtata Capital Radio in English 1300 GMT
18 Nov 82]

CSO: 3400/309

61



[inswer/ Yes, it is a knockout, both for the labor party as well
as for the so-called social democratic Mauritian party. We were
elected by the masses of wage earners and unemployed, by the little
people... But, at the same time, we have managed to attract to our
side the private sector, the heads of enterprises. We have filled
the vacuum on the Right and the Left. I do not see how the opposi-
tion on the Right is going to reappear.

On our Left, there is a party, Lalit de Klas (the class struggle in
Creole), with radical positions, thoughtful people, dissidents from
the MMM, with whom we can have proper relations among the leftist
parties...

{Question/ Nevertheless, the hand extended to the big sugar indus-
try has indicated to some that the MMM's revolutionary period is
over.

[Rnswer/] Young students, we founded the MMM in 1969. I came from
May-68, others from Frantz Fanon or Daniel Guerin. We made of it

a libertarian Marxism in the light of the history of our country.

We wanted a direct, ideal democracy and we spoke of the "electoral
farce.” And then history taught us the facts of life: a year later,
we won a special parliamentary election with 78 percent of the votes
in the prime minister's district. With the anti-election attitude
that we had, we won an election hands down: That makes one think!

It is then that the coalition of Doctor Ramgoolam and Sir Gaetan
Duval cancelled the elections which were to take place in 1972.

That was a period of confrontations, repression and prison. At the
end of 1971, it was the real Far West! I was shot at regularly, my
house was set afire, my friend was killed in my car, trying to
reach me. With the party, trade unions and newspapers banned, we
spent all of 1972 in prison.

Once we got out, we witnessed a relative return to normal until the
1976 elections. It was an extraordinary situation for a party which
launched. candidates throughout the country for the first time: The
MMM managed to get two seats in the government!

And then after a parliamentary existance, you know the results of
last 11 June: 60 to zero!

Consequently, there has been an evolution: but the MMM has not
wanted anything else at any time but a democracy, the fullest pos-
sible. We were incredible idealists. I do not regret it, and
fortunately today when we are now in power in Mauritius and minis-
ters, there are young idealists to criticize us in their turn.

{Question/ One reported last year a CIA assassination attempt

against you and more recently the activities of the American agency
during the June elections.

32



JUMBE MEETS WITH MPLA CENTRAL COMMITTEE MEMBER, GDR DELEGATION

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 24 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Mike Sikawa]

[Excerpt]

cso:

3400/184

THE. Vice-President Ndugu
Aboud Jumbe said yesterday
that Tanzania would continue
to “support the people of
Angola until the political and
economic problems facing
their country were eliminated.
The Vice-President
reitetated the pledge at a
meeting with a member of the
Central Committee of ‘the
Popular Movement. for the
Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
Ndugu ‘Alfonso Van Dunem,
held’ at: Ndugu Jumbe’s
Laibon home in Dar es
Salaam: ,
“The problems at. Angéla
re the ‘problems of Africa
and Tanzania as well because
no ‘country in’ Africa. * chn
stand alone to solve its
problems”, Ndugu, Jumbe
said. . oy
Ndugu“Jumbe who is Gls
Chairman of the Zanzibar
Revolutionary Council,’ and
CCM. Vice-Chairman, : con-
demned South Afriva’s con-
tinued aggression, against in-
dependent Frontline states —

Angola, Zimbabwe - and
Mozambique. _ her
Ndugu Van Dunem is here

leading his country’s two-man
delegation to the on-going
‘Second Ordinary, National
Party Conference “in Dar, es
Salaam. ot

The Vice-President said the
political and ‘economic
problem facing the people of
Angola were identical to'those
of Tanzania and that !thete
‘was a need for the people of
the two states to meet
frequently to exchange ideas

64

and views.

“We are all sailing in the
same boat, and it is our duty
to make sure that it does not
sink”, he said?

He praised the people of

Angola for their
achievements despite the
political. and econemic

problems they were facing.

Earlier, Ndugu Van Dunem
briefed Ndugu Jumbe on the
developments in Angola, par-
ticularly after the war of
liberation. He said MPLA
had decided to call an extra-
ordinary ‘congress to discuss
the problems now facing their
country. .

He paid tribute to Tanzania
under Mwalimu_Nyerete’s_
leadership, particularly with
the support Tanzania was
giving to’ Angola.

The CCM Vice-Chairman,
Ndugu Aboud Jumbe also
held talks with the German
Democratic Republic (GDR)
delegation to the current
Second Ordinary Party
National Conference.

The GDR delegation, led by
Ndugu Eberhard Heinrich of
the Socialist Unity Party of
GDR and included the GDR
Ambassador to Tanzania,
Ndugu’ Werner Schedliech.
The delegation had’ paid a
courtesy cal] on Ndugu Jumbe
at his Laibon home in Dar es

aam.

Ndugu Jumbe said CCM
leadership was greatly
satisfied with the par-
ticipation to the conference.
“It is a sign of our friend-
ship”, he said.

TANZANIA


with its imereasing “debt
ratio and tightening cur-
rent and quick ratios.

The Government’s choice:

In the Government's
eyes Delta could be said to
be the most important
company.

Although it is not
among the 10 biggest in-
come tax payers, paying
only $1,1 million in 1982,
it made a massive con-
tribution to the national
current account by col-
lecting over $71 million in
excise duties. It was also

_the employer of the lar-

gest number of workers,
$286, and by using $8,1
million of its own funds
was second in the ratings
for new investment.

TA can be argued to
take second place, It
heads the income tax and
new investment lists and
together with its as
sociated companies gives
work to 7778 people.
Hippo enters the list be-
cause of its importance as
an employer and its in-
vestment total for the
year. National Foods are
near the top for similar
reasons (new net in-
vestment in plant © and
working capital was $7.4
million). Afdis is given a
mid-position because of its
contribution of about $19
million, mainly — excise
duty, to the exchequer.

GOVERNMENT'S TOP
COMPANIES

Postion

Delta

T.A.

Hippo
National Foods
Afdis

Plate Glass
“TSL

Dunlop

Hunyani
10 David Whitehead

CHOIAAR OME

Although ‘the _share-
holders’ favourites do not
make the Government’s
Top Ten they still make a
worthwhile " contribution:
Cafea and Edgars lie 4th
and 8th respectively in the
ten biggest tax payers.
Caps is a fair contributor
paying §1,2 million tax,
new investment $1,4 mil-
lion and employing 878
people.

, 1 Delta

10 Dunlop .

THE TOP TEN IN SALES

1 qd)
2TA . (2)
3 National Foods (3)
4 Plate Glass .. (6)
5 Hippo Valley (4)
6 Zimbabwe Alloys (5)
7 David Whitehead (D
8 ZSR (8)
9 Hunyani Holdings (10)
10 Dunlop ... = (9)

1982
$ 000s
231 040
160 323
136 135
55 306
54.543
54 000
40319
37520
36 618
36 255

(1981 position in brackets)

But over $71 million of Delta’s sales was excise
duty collected for the Government, representing a 100
percent increase in the amount paid over in 1980. If
Delta’s figures are shown excluding excise then sales
for the 1982 year become $160 million, growth drops to

THE TOP TEN IN EMPLOYEES

2 TA,
3 Hippo
4 Zimbabwe AlOYS mmm
5 National Foods
6 Border Timbers
7 Plate Glass .
8 Hunyani Holdings
9 TSL

Note: The “growth” of 3557 does

MARKET RATINGS AT MID-SEPTEMBER

1 Edgars Sa
2 Central African Cables
3 CAPS
4 TSL *
5 Dunlop
6 Plate Glass
7 Hunyani Holdings
8 BAT -
9 National Foods
10 art...

Note Delta rates ..

101

4982
3286
1178
7 665
4400
4240
4348
3018
2343
2228
1432

Percent

change
from
1980.

+36
+31
+32
+34
-10
+20
+14
+23
+48
+29

19 percent and first place goes to T.A. Holdings,

1981
TT00

7048
sos.
3580.
3806
4152
3358
2056
1076
1316

45738 42181
=> =
not represent new
jobs created, some of the increase is due to

___‘subsidiaries acquired during the period,

Market/equity
ratio

1982

PIE
ratio

5,55:1
4,22:1
3,11:1
3,46:1
2,94:1
2,86:1
4,111
4,05:1
2,62:1
2,68:1

2,58:1_



could protect us in time of trouble failed us but the vigilantes, who were
mostly young boys, saved us," he said.

Many people I talked to felt that the pardon of those fanatics already in pri-
son by the federal government contributed to the present disturbances. That
there was no evidence those released went back home and remained there with-
out [words indistinct] the fanatics usual abode is the outskirt or slum areas
of the (?towm). Being tactical in their actions and operations, they wait
till other people have gone on their day's assignments before they start doing
any suspicious things they have planned. They sometimes used the cemetery

as a meeting place because they would be mistakenly thought of as mourners,
and they used youngsters as spies.

The case of Kano in which some churches were burned could be said to be by the
"traditional fanatics." It was this fanatism by students and their outside
supporters that was known during the military regimes and before Maitatsine.
For instance, there was that riot by some members of the Muslim Student

Society (MSS) of Zaria in 1978, that incident when "Muslim only" was being
written everywhere by some fanatics in Kaduna in 1980 and the Sokoto post prim-
ary schools MSS demonstrations in 1981.

The Kano riot, which alsospread to other towns in the state, is a very dan-
gerous development because it was not only inter-religious, unlike the
Maitatsine's type which is intra-religious, but it was the first time the
"traditional fanatics" carried out their attacks right to churches. This
could spell doom for this country.

If there will be any civil war again in Nigeria it is not going to be north
vesus south or another "Biafara," it is most likely to be a religious war.
Speaking on this in 1979 at the "Command and Staff College," the then Chief
of Army Staff Lt Gen Theophilus Danjuma said, "I am not aware of any country
that has survived one religious or sectarian strife. I am afraid that our
country, Nigeria, may be living between wars. I hope I am wrong, but all the
(?indications) and the signs to the contrary are there for any perceptive
analyst to see.

"I regret to tell you that the biggest threat posed to our corporate existence
as a country is not by any foreign powers but by us Nigerians. This is not
to say that we lack foreign detractors, but they can only exploit our weak-
nesses and thrive on our divisions."

Here the general has told the plain truth, those who have ears let them lis-
ten. If drastic measures are not taken against all fanatics and their organ-

izers they will soon strike in other towns again and we shall slowly be en-
gulfed in total confusion.

cso: 3400/281

42



CAMPAIGN TO PUBLICIZE LOCALLY AVAILABLE SPARE PARTS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Halima Shariff]

[Excerpt]

A CAMPAIGN to enlighten
industries, companies — and
individuals on the types of light
engineering spare parts locally
available is being conducted by
the National _ Engineering
Company (NECO) and the
Coast Textiles (Cotex) Metals
and Machinery Limited.

The campaign aims at
diverting the attention of various
institutions from importing
spares which are available in the
country.

NECO General Manager K.
Peinemann said in Dar es Salaam
that the company is trying to
convince customers who include
textiles . industries, cement
factories, transport, steel and
soap firms to prepare their
requirements of spares for at
least a year in advance.

The’ system would enable
NECO to have time to work on
them instead of waiting until the
need arises and then rush for
them, he explained.

Items which could be
produced by NECO include

ears, ploughs and wheels.

pairs of motorblocks and
driving shafts for pumps can also
be undertaken.

NECO, which was established
in 1979, also has machines for
shaping, turning, milling, boring
grinding and welding. The
company also undertakes special
welding for cast iron. casting

_ferro_and_non-ferro_and_heat_

CSO: 3400/184

treatments.

Ndugu Peinemann said that
last year NECO_ generated
4million/-, half of which was
profit.

The machine and_ grindin;
shop which solely deals wit!
repairs and replacements of
spare farts: made a turnover of
2.9 million/- last year. Until last
July, the turnover stood at
1.8million/-. -

The General Manager said
that plans were underway to
establish an emergency unit that
would mainly deal with making
and replacing spares for
customers at short notices.

The Cotex Metals and
Machinery Limited of Dar es
Salaam has approached various
industries to explain facilities
available at the Cotex unit along
Bagamoyo road in the outskirts
of the city.

The Cotex Acting Managing
Director. Ndugu E, Y. Ramathal.
said that his firm was trying to inform
the public and convince them to
make use of the available resources.
rather than waiting for imported,
spares.

He said that the metals and
Machinery unit provide technical
services, such as repairs of spares
and machines. electroplating
complete range’ of _ fabrication.
welding. meta! joining and
development of process improving
machinisations.

The unit also has stocks of raw
materials required for several
engineering spares. Ndugu
_Ramathal said. =

TANZANIA


The Portuguese secretary of state also said that "cooperation is already
underway" between Angola and Portugal.

Excellent Cooperation Stressed
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Oct 82 pp 1-2

[Excerpts] "Relations between the Angolan and Portuguese peoples have always
been optimal, for the MPLA knew how to distinguish between the people and the
colonial-fascist government of Portugal," Adriano Junior, minister of home
trade in our country, said yesterday in Luanda.

The same government official, speaking at the opening session of official
meetings on tourism and hotelkeeping between a delegation he is heading and
another headed by Nandim de Carvalho, Portugal's secretary of state for tourism,
also said that the visit of President Ramalho Eanes to Angola in April had
opened a new era in relations between the two countries. "The agreements
signed on that occasion," he continued, "are proof that conditions were created
for our two countries to carry on work of mutual interest now and in the
future."

After mentioning that during the meetings a report will be made of what has
been accomplished until now and what we can expect to accomplish in the future,
Sebastiao Junior expressed pleasure at the excellent results achieved by the
Angolan scholarship recipients trained in the hotel industry in the Portuguese
Republic.

In his reply, Nandim de Carvalho began by expressing satisfaction at having
verified, from'the Portuguese viewpoint, that "things are improving with regard
to the Angolan Government which has proved to be highly receptive since 1980."

He then went on to say, "My trip to Angola is neither formal nor abstract; it
is in keeping with our exchange of experiences, our desire to cooperate."

In conclusion, Nandim de Carvalho said that, as a matter of mutual interest,
"it would be good for everything to transpire in such a manner that we would
show the world what it means to cooperate."
Cooperation Protocol. Signed
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Oct 82 pp 1-2
[Article by MC]
[Excerpt] At the conclusion of a visit made by Nandim de Carvalho, Portuguese
secretary of state for tourism, at the invitation of Home Trade Minister Adriano

dos Santos, the two governments signed a protocol of cooperation yesterday in
the tourist and hotel industry sector.



Briefs
Ekwueme on Iran-Iraq War
September Oil Production
Papers' Suggestions on Riots
Riots Said ‘Politically Motivated’
Government Denial on Riots
Discussion of Religious Strife
Paper on U.S. Role
Criticism of France's Attitude
System of Minority Protection
Kaduna Governor on Riots

SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

Details Provided on Reported Coup Attempt by NRF
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 26 Oct 82)..........2085 see eeee

SOUTH AFRICA

Trade Position Improves Despite Sanctions
(Johannesburg International Service, 18 Nov 82)........06-

Briefs
South-Africa-Lesotho Meeting
Job Reduction Criticized
Anglican Synod

TANZANIA

President Nyerere Reviews Production Sector
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 21 Oct 82)............ eee eens

Jumbe Meets With MPLA Central Committee Member, GDR
Delegation
(Mike Sikawa; SUNDAY NEWS, 24 Oct 82).........eeeeee

President Nyerere Pays ‘Glowing Tribute’ tp PLO
(DAILY NEWS, 26 Oct 82) ...c.cccees eee eecceeenee eee eee eee

National Assembly Passes Bill Amending Republic Constituion
(DAILY NEWS, 16 Oct 82)......eeeeeeeeee bee see e cece eee

Minister Presents TPDC Annual Report to National Assembly
(Mike Sikawa; DAILY NEWS, 18 Oct 82)....scceeescecccsecees

CCM Conference Adopts Foreign Policy Economic Resolutions
(DAILY NEWS, 28 Oct 82) ..cccecececcccecceecceeeceecseeeees

Minister Wants Broadened Insurance Coverage Base
(DAILY NEWS, 29 Oct 82). ...ccccccccccer sec ceecescereeanees

Diesel Fuel Shortage Affects Crop Transport
(DAILY NEWS, 25 Oct 82)........000 Pere eee rere reer rere

57

59

60
60

62

64

65

66

68

70

73

74


MAURITIUS

BRIEFS

MALAGASY SUGAR PURCHASES--The Malagasy Republic has expressed its intention of
buying Mauritian sugar. A request made to Intracorp, whose chairman of the
board, Vishnu Lutchmeenaraidoo, has made two business trips to Madagascar, has
been passed on to the proper Mauritian authorities. Madagascar is reportedly
interested in buying a load of 20,000 tons of Mauritian sugar. This new mar-
ket could turn out to be beneficial within the framework of regional coopera—
tion and with an intensification of bilateral trade between the two countries.
Government officials emphasize that we need an intelligent marketing policy
in order not to disrupt our guaranteed markets. Our exports are now made in
bulk form and it is thought that exporting in semi-bulk form or bags might
entail additional costs. Discussions will therefore have to take place con-
cerning prices. The same officials note that no sugar transaction will be
carried out to the detriment of our traditional markets, particularly the EEC
and the United States. Furthermore, Mauritian authorities would like to be
assured that the new markets are not merely temporary with severe economic
repercussions on the country after a few years. It will also be remembered
that Algeria has made a request to Mauritian authorities, a request still under
study. [Text] [Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 26 Oct 82 pi) 11,464

"HORIZONS NOUVEAUX' TO CEASE--HORIZONS NOUVEAUX is in danger of ceasing
publication. In fact, Continuous Printing, which puts out the newspaper and
one of whose executives is a former Labor minister, has asked us to provide
a bank guarantee of 300,000 rupees. The reason given: . security for the
trials the newspaper is now facing. Otherwise, the certified letter sent to
us states, the company will be forced to cease publishing the paper effective
"Saturday, 23 October." Discussions resulted in a postponement for this
issue. Considering the exorbitant guarantee requested, which amounts to
cessation of publication, it is to be feared that the newspaper might not be
able to continue if the latest negotiations should fail. It is a sad coinci-
dence that after over more than a year and a half of publication by Continuous
Printing, this ultimatum should come in the midst of the events of which we
are all aware. Since we are speaking about the press, it should be noted in
passing that the PSM [Malagasy Socialist Party] daily is now to be put out by
Continuous Printing. [Text] [Port Louis HORIZONS NOUVEAUX in French 24-31
Oct 82 p 1] 11,464

CsO: 3419/139

39



CCM CONFERENCE ADOPTS FOREIGN POLICY ECONOMIC RESOLUTIONS

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 Oct 82 pp 1, 3

[Text]

THE resolution adopted by
the Second Ordinary Party
‘National Conference in: Dar es
Salaam on Monday restates
the country’s foreign policy,
emphasises that Socialism
and Self-Reliance is the only
way for -Tanzania’s develop-
ment and prosperity and. un-
derlines the’ need for. ‘ac-
countability at all levels.

The following is a. Daily
News translation of the full
text ofthe resolution.

THE: Second. Ordinary National
Party Conference which began at
the Diamond Jubilee Hall in Dar
es Salaam on October 20, and: due
to end on Qctober 31, 1982
received and held detailed
discussions. on Party Chairman
Mwalimu. Julius’ Kambarage
‘Nyerere’s report to the Conference.
The Conference: congratulates the
Party Chairman for his thorough
analysis’ of the local and in-
ternational situation. ©

The. conference has -also
received greetings from * various
friendly parties which accepted
our Invitations to join us in this
‘augtst assembly. The Conference
was honoured to receive special
greetings from Polisario relayed
‘by the Party’s Secretary-General
and the President of the Sahrawi
‘Arab Democratic Republic, Ndugu
Mohammed Abdelaziz.

‘The Second Ordinary National
Party Conference is being held at
a time of a difficult and worrying
aglobal economic situation. World
imperialism continues its cam-
paign to fuel and condone in-
justice, oppression, invasions and
expansionist designs perpetrated
by fascist and racist regimes in
South Africa, the Middle East,
Latin America and other. parts of

_the world. .

70

Tied to that, the deterioration
of capitalist: economies has spelt
grave repercussions for the world

cconomy generally, but the

developing countries are the most
adversely affected. For im-
lism © manipulates _ this
ion to ‘both intensify. ex-
ploitation and suppress
progressive countries like Tan-
zania.

-Given this situation, the Con-
ference again stresses the need for
developing countries, particularly
those’ guided by principles of
equality, freedom and community
development, to. forge stronger
links in all sectors as a basis for
countering imperialist
machinations. - .

The. Conference has thus been
deeply ii
28 foreign friendly delegations
from Africa, Asia, Latin America
and Europe. We thank the foreign
delegates for their views volun-
teered to the Conference, and hope
the cooperation and solidarity bet-
ween the parties and CCM will be
consistently consolidated.

On. the liberation struggle in
Africa and the world at Marge, the
conference concurs with Chairman
Mwalimu Nyerere’s analysis con-
tained: in his report to the Con-
ference. The Conference therefore:

1. Strongly condemns the racist
South African regime i
illegal occupation of Nam:
the delaying tactics against the
territory's independence through
the collusion between Pretoria
and imperialist forces to link the
independence question and the
justified: presence of Cuban troops
in. Angola. The conference takes
this opportunity to assure the
South West African People’s
Organisation (SWAPO) and the
Namibian people that CCM and
the people of Tanzania will relen-
tlessly support their just struggle,

_morally and materially.

pired by the presence of -

TANZANIA


BANK GOVERNOR WARNS HIGHER PRODUCER PRICES MAY NOT RAISE FARM OUTPUT

Dar es Salaam SUNDAY NEWS in English 17 Oct 82 p 3

[Excerpt]

TANZANIANS . have _ been
warned against the simplistic
notion ~ advanced -by some
quarters that the stagnation of its
agriculture, ‘especially: in export
crops is: due to inadequate
incentives to its farmers.

Instead they are being asked:
eens assess .. whether
ugher.. lucer. prices have
eal beh od" aximise!
agricultural output... 2 K
The warning was sounded by
the Governor of the Bank of
Tanzania, Ndugu Charles
Nyirabu, when opening a
meeting of: the  Standin;
Advisory Council on - Rural
Finance inArusha on Thursday.

He observed that for the last
five years, the government policy
thrust had been to raise producer
prices, with the current prices to
the sector being higher. in real
terms than they were in 1976.

He observed that according to
the exponents of the theory, such.
a step would encourage farmers
to increase production especially
of export crops and ensure an
accelerated growth in foreign
exchange earnings, vital for
economic recovery.

However, - experience had
shown that increased prices have

CSO: 3400/184

79

not induced farmers to produce
more __by switching _ from
traditional to. modern
agriculture. :

Instead they have’ created
immense problems for the crop
authorities, _ whose - revenues

Brand salpsefapradice shave not.

i ed = “ operating. ~ casts
iticliiding those created by the
higher Prices to farmers.

ith the resulting losses, the
authorities. have resorted to
borrowing. from the National
Bank of Cominerce to cover
their deficits, running up a debt
of over 3 billion/-, he said. '

He. cautioned“ that - the
question of higher producer
prices cannot be separated from
that ‘of prices to'the consumer,
where some crops are. locally
consumed. .

He said to fix producer prices
above economic levels, can only
lead: to increased goyernment
subsidy or to devaluation —
both were not real solutions to
the problem, he argued.

While increased prices could.
trigger farmer enthusiasm, of
reater importance was
increased productivity in
agriculture which can only occur
when farmers en: masse adopt
modern farming techniques. _

TANZANIA




during the past two years
has been interesting in
that it was regarded as
being anti-cyclical, with
prices rising in bad times
but falling in good. This
has not been the pattern
in this recession and gold
prices too have been dis-
appointing in the past 18
months.

The effect of the con-
tinuing, and in some in-
stances. worsening, world
economic situation on
Zimbabwe's mining in-
dustry has been serious.
The production and export
values quoted earlier re-
fiect this but in themselves
do not properly indicate
the magnitude of the
problem. During the past
24 years, costs on the
mines have been escalat-
ing for many reasons
including higher wages
and salaries, higher costs
of imports and local stores
items and 50 on.

Lower efficiency has

contributed to the prob-
Jem, Each mine's experi-
ence has differed, but it ts
doubtful whether there are
any mines operating today
whose costs per unit of
saleable commodity have
not increased by at least
20 percent in each of: the
past two years.

RISING COSTS

The failure to get better
prices, coupled with in-
creasing costs, has now
eliminated profits in most
of the industry. At the
game time the difficulties
in the markets have meant
increased _stockholdings
which in turn means _in-
creased borrowings. The
pattern of interest ‘rates
was raised twice in 1981
and the cost of servicing
debt has become a major
item for many companies,

The very serious cash-
flow problems which now
exist have meant that
companies have slashed
capital expenditure, re-
duced prospecting activity

and deferred underground

development. None of
these actions can be in the
long-term interest of the
industry ‘or the country
because the time must
come when worn-out equip-
ment is replaced (at even
higher cost), underground
development extended and
new mines will need to be
opened up. But these new
mines will not be there
because geological efforts
will not have delineated
them.

In some minerals the
position is such that seri-
ous thought is having to
be given to closure of at
least part of the opera-
tions.

‘This too is most undestr-
able as it means a loss of
foreign currency, but more
important .a loss of jobs.
Furthermore .these “cut-
backs will substantially
delay a recovery in the
mining sector once mar-
kets do improve.

The Government is well
aware of the problema
facing industry and is most
concerned about the situa-
tion, This concern has been
refiected in tangible ways
in that proposals have
been put together by the
Ministry of Mines to help
the gold-mining industry,
particularly the small
worker, and to provide
loan funds to some of the
major: companies to en-
able them to keep operat-
ing and maintain employ-
ment,

PRESSURE.

‘The present rise in gold
prices has lifted the pres-
sure slightly off gold pro-
ducers for the time being.
However, the _ financial
packages for the larger
companies are being
actively discussed. A bal-
ance will have to be struck
between keeping people
employed and maintaining
borrowing at reasonable
levels, The companies con-
cerned are already very

_heavily borrowed and can-

105

not project themselves as
profitable in any foresee-
able circumstances and are
thus reluctant to incur
any further commitments,

Elsewhere in the world
the problems of the indus-
try are being met in one of
three ways, namely:

a) closure on at least a
temporary basis with the
consequential adverse ef-
fect on employment;

b) subsidies from govern-
ments which need the
foreign-exchange earnings
and cannot accept unem-
ployment because they
have no built-in social
security systems, or,

¢) currency realignments
which are politically often
unacceptable and can have
undesirable effects on
other sectors of the eco-

nomy which are undesir-
able.

None of these resolutions
is remotely attractive in
Zimbabwe but the tndus-
‘try is tn acute difficulties
already in late 1982, with
no assured prospects of
improvement through 1983.

‘The practical demonstra-
tion of concern by the Gov-
ernment is much apprecia-
ted by all In the industry.
It is an industry which has
experienced hardship and
difficulties before and
which remains confident
that the present realities
will be faced by all con-
cerned so that viability
tan be restored and fur-
ther growth achieved when
world economic circum-
stances are better. .

In the meantime, we will
continue in faith and to
the best of our ability to
keep costs down, efficiency
high and sales as competi-
tively priced ay possible.

Let us hope that con-
ditions improve sooner
than we expect and that
the mining industry can
again take its place as a
major foreign “currency
earner and an industry
where skill and hard work
can be properly rewarded,



CAMEROON

Briefs
Public, Private Salaries Increase 18
Many Prison Sentences Commuted 18
Damages in Border Incident 19
GUINEA
Sekou Toure Discusses Nation's Foreign Policy, OAU Crisis
(Ahmed Sekou Toure Interview; HOROYA, 12-18 Sep 82)....... 20
MAURITIUS

PSM President Interviewed on Party's Role in Government
(Parsooramen Interview; HORIZONS NOUVEAUX,
3+10 Oct 82)...........000. bee eee cece eee e nee eceeeeeeeecece 24

Interview With Berenger
(Paul Berenger Interview; LE MATIN, 21 Oct 82)............ 30

Berenger Urges Confidence in Prime Minister, Hope for
Economic Recovery

(LE MAURICIEN, 27 Oct 82).....-.eeeeeees See e eee n nen enee 34
Briefs
Malagasy Sugar Purchases
"HORIZONS NOUVEAUX' To Cease 39
NIGERIA

New Form of Religious Strife Called More Dangerous
(Daniya Mawure; NAN, 12 Nov 82)...... eee e eee cee eeeeee wee 40

Coal Industry Problems Analyzed, Production Called Low
(Anthony Okafor; NAN, 11 Nov 82)........ cece ceceeeeeeeees 43

Relations With United States Analyzed -
(Therese Nweke; NAN, 13 Nov 82).........00- eee e cence cence 46

Deportation Recommended for 133 Because of Riots
(George Chuks Akpotuzor; NAN, 19 Nov 82)...... pe eeeeeeeeeeee 50

Central Bank Reports June 1982 Money Supply
(Lagos Domestic Service, 23 Nov 82)....secesecceeeeeeee weeee 52

Concern Over Trade Union Ultimatums
(NAN, 13 Nov 82)..

ee ee cece eee e renee nen enc anes seeeseseee 53



ZIMBABWE is not
alone amongst Third
World countries in ex-
periencing severe bal-
ance of payments pro-
blems at the present
time.

In fact Zimbabwe ts far
better placed to overcome
its difficulties in the

longer term because of its
more greatly diversified
economic base.

While the economic
downturn is due in large
measure to the . world
recession the: ire @ num-
ber of factors within Zim-
babwe which have wor-
sened t..¢ position.

The all-items average
rate of price inflation for
higher’ income urban
families rose to an aver-
age of 19,5 percent for the
period July 1981 to July
1982 which was some 5,1
percent higher than the
corresponding period the
previous year.

RISING COSTS

In the first half of 1982
prices for higher income
urban families rose by
10,7 percent. Further in-
creases in the price of
commodities can be anti-
cipated as Government
moves away from sub-
sidising foodstuffs and as
a result of increases in
sales tax and import
duties.

Ever-rising costs have
necessitated a number of
applications for price in-
creases which are cur-
rently in the pipeline pen-
ding” Government Lene
Pproval. As the viability of
@ number of business en-
terprises depends upon
these being approved
these will, in turn, have
their impact on the cost
of living.

The clothing sub-sector
has been hard hit as de-
mand for local clothing

has declined, By removing _

clothing from Open Gen-
eral Import Licence from
Botswana it is anticipated
that this trend, to some
extent, will be corrected,

___In addition to clothing

Zimbabwe Better Placed To Weather The Recession

factories a number of
other manufacturers have
had to cut back ” pro-
duction and are operating
on short time, One of the
most serious problems
facing such industries is
where they have been
directed to continue pay-
ing their labour on the
basis of a full week’s
work rather than on short
time,

Unless this policy is
reviewed or dispensation
is granted the future
viability of a number of
companies is bound to be
seriously eroded. As a
result of falling demand in
world markets, metal and
metal products have been
adversely affected, result-
ing in a 24 percent drop in
production in the first six
months of 1982, compared.
with the same period last
year.

Zimbabwe is not alone
amongst developing coun-
tries in having faired

rly on international
markets. Our pattern of
domestic demand has al-
tered as a result of in-
creased wages which has
given more spending
power to lower income
groups. This in turn has
_had some effect on the

quantity of goods avail-
able for export.

Statistics indicate de-
teriorating levels of ex-
ports and increasing levels
of imports to support an
economy which is heavily
dependent on imported
raw materials for its in-
dustrial base.

Since 1981 our trade
balance has deteriorated
further from a_ visible
trade deficit of 10,2 mil-
lion to $136,4 million in
the périods January to
May between 1981” and
1982,

The value of total ex-
ports including gold sales
and re-exports (excluding
NCI transactions) de-
clined by some 12,7 per-
cent to May 1982 com-
pared to the same period
jast year.

Conversely the value of
imports over the same
period increased by 21,8
percent, thereby ex-
acerbating an already
strained foreign exchange

_Situation, To counteract _

106

the extremely __ serious
foreign exchange situation
it will be necessary for
Government to rely heav-
iy upon external
resources to finance de-
velopment plans in 1982/
83 fiscal year,

Government has already
announced that __ the
foreign currency alloca-_
tion cuts for the last
quota period of 1982 will
be substantial although
details have yet to be re-
leased, These further cuts
come on top of reductions
which amount to some 30
percent in the last twelve
months.

It can be safely as-
sumed that the areas of
least reduction will be
those of highest priority
imports. Therefore one
can anticipate extremely
heavy cuts on less essen-
tial items, if not in some
cases, the actual elimina~
tion of an allocation. For
those businesses dealing
in such imports the effect
will be profoundly ad-
verse.

Athough the medicine
is unpalatable every effort
must be made to conserve
currency. At the same
time Government must
maintain strong measures
to ensure that what is
available is spent to best
advantage and fully ac-
counted for.

There have been too
many accusations in the
past of allocations being
misused and of Govern-
ment itself not keeping
sufficient rein on its own
spending. Stringent house-
keeping is paramount.

‘A frequent misconcep-
tion is that a large pro-
portion of the currency
distributed to the com-
mercial sector goes on
non-essential items. Noth-
ing coul? be further from
the truth,

Against the continuing
international recession
and the factors mentioned
above it appears that 1983
will be a period of auster-
ity for the country as a
whole.

Costs of production can
be expected to increase as
a@ result of higher import
costs and labour costs,
International commodity
markets seem unlikely to
improve in the short term



to say the least, surprising. For example, there was a kind of regret at the
labor loss...

[Answer] That statement was made in the context of an analysis on the Labor
Party defeat, It had nothing to do with the accomplishments within the
government, The PSM acts in accordance with the Government Program.

[Question] Don't you think, however, that some statements here and there,

and the membership of some former labor people in the PSM, tend to link the
PSM to the Labor Party, which is not remembered happily by many Mauritians,
and that therefore,.,

[Answer] The contacts are not with former labor people who had so many
privileges under the former regime. The contacts are with the working class,
who now feel much more at home in the PSM. Those who had been privileged
under the former regime and who had taken over the Labor Party for their
personal interests have no place in the PSM, Anyway, there has been no
recruitment, we simply have people who favor us,

[Question] Nevertheless, it is symptomatic that the state bourgeoisie is
trying to offer its hand to the PSM after the demise of the Labor Party...

[Answer] If people express approval of the PSM, that is a matter of affini-
ties, Clearly, however, they will never be able to use this relationship to
benefit in any way, If the state bourgeoisie think they can obtain favors
from the PSM to maintain their privileges, they are mistaken, The PSM does
not view policy from a communal viewpoint but a national one, and the state
bourgeoisie is composed of members of only one community. Every new govern-
ment, in any country, runs into this problem, This state bourgeoisie came
out strongly for the MMM-PSM after they came to power, even more than any
sincere party member, It is a real danger, and we certainly pay attention
to it,

[Question] And how does the new government plan to solve this problem?

[Answer] The new government has clearly explained its position. There is
a program to implement, and the new government will work within that frame-
work, The officials also have to work within the framework established by
the current goverhment, The civil service has to implement the government's
projects, Anyone who does not respect the established framework will take
the consequences,

[Question] Have any differences which might be regarded as important emerged
between the government and the PSM since the assumption of office?

[Answer] There have not been any different stands, The PSM expresses its
opinion in the joint committee when necessary, I don't believe I should
reveal instances where there are divergencies. It is a collective responsi-
bility. The PSM always maintains its identity within the alliance and
contributes to the work,

27



TANZANIA

BRIEFS

SIDO TO MANUFACTURE PLOWS--THE Small Industries Development Organisation
(SIDO) will manufacture ox-ploughs by using locally available materials. SIDO
Director-General E. B. Toroka has said in Dar es Salaam that the ploughs to
use wooden material, would first be produced at a small scale and be distrib-
uted to Iringa. Mbeya and Rukwa regions, before starting big scale production.
This type of plough has been invented by a SIDO technical advisor, Mr Tord
Liljevik. Its middle part, the rod, is wooden instead of steel, therefore
saving 75/- in foreign exchange per plough. The other parts of the plough
are made of steel and cast iron. Elaborating, Mr Liljevik said the plough,
weighing 28 kilogrammes, was cheaper, firm and easier to be pulled by oxen.
Tests at the Uyole Agricultural Centre in Mbeya Region have proved that the
wooden ox-ploughs were durable, cheap to produce and very light to handle.
SIDO has been organising collection of scrap metal from UFI, garages and leaf
springs for distribution to the blacksmiths who will be taught how to manufac-
ture the "wooden" ploughs. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English

25 Oct 82 p 3]

HOUSING BANK OFFICIALS NAMED --PRESIDENT Nyerere has appointed Ndugu E. J.
Mashasi, the new Chairman of the Board of Directors for the Tanzania Housing
Bank (THB). According to a statement issued by the Ministry of Finance in
Dar es Salaam yesterday, Ndugu Mashasi who is also deputy secretary of the
Tanzania Workers Organisation (JUWATA) replaces the Deputy Minister for Fi-
nance, Ndugu Venance Ngula. Meanwhile, the Minister for Finance, Ndugu Amir
Jamal, has appointed new members to the THB Board following the expiry of
the term of office of the previous board. The new members whose three-year
term of office began on September 1 this year are: Ndugu Kate S. M. Kamba,
MP for Masasi, Dr. M. A. 0. Kipuyo, National MP for Arusha, Ndugu H. B. Mkali,
MP for Rufiji, Ndugu T. L. Ndunguru, MP for Mbinga and Ndugu J. E. Byeitima,
MP for Karagwe. Others on the board are Ndugu 0. Kapinga, an official at the
Chama Cha Mapinduzi head office, Ndugu F. K. Temu, Secretary General of the
Union of Cooperative Societies (WASHIRIKA) Ndugu J. D. Minja, Principal Sec-
retary in the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development, Ndugu 0. Max,
Deputy Principal Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister, Professor
Mascarrenhas, of BRALUP, University of Dar es Salaam, Ndugu G. Mlingwa, Sec-
retary of the National Construction Council and Ndugu W. J. M. Mdundo, Acting
Assistant Treasury Registrar, Ministry of Finance. [Text] [Dar es Salaam
DAILY NEWS in English 26 Oct 82 p 3]

86



SAP IMPLEMENTATION TAKES OFF 'TO GOOD START'

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Oct 82 p 1

[Article by Rose Kalemera]

[Excerpt]

CSO:

IMPLEMENTATION of the
Structural *_-« Adjustment:
Programme (SAP)‘has taken off
to.a good start and a number of
ministries’. have ~- submit-
ted © progress reports .on
their;. specific . areas . of.

-implementation.. to the,

programinie’s secretariat. . :

Director in ir sof the.
SAP in the Ministry of Planning
and Economic ‘Afiars, -‘Nduge
Peter Ngumbulu, has said in an
interview in Dar es Salaam that
all ministries .—. ~ having
September as their deadline to
submit .their reports — had
forwarded them to. the SAP
Secretariat.

The reports, from the"
* Ministries of

Industries,
Agriculture, Planning and
Economic Affairs, Finance, and
Communications and Transport,
were currently being analysed by
the secretarigt; he said.

The secretariat would later
discuss the reports with the

‘ive’ institutions . and
recommend appropriate follow-
up action, Ndugu Ngumbulu
explained. .

Action already taken or bein;
taken to implement the SA
included a preliminary exercise
undertaken by the Planning and
Economic Affairs Ministry to
identify possible areas for further
cut in the development budget,
he said. :

According to a provisional
progress report on _ the
implementation of the SAP for
September this year, the
following areas are included.
These are:-

ePreliminary proposals on

export promotion are. being '

worked out for discussion with
the respective institutions;

3400/184

81

eGuidelines are —_ being
completed on the information
system on the allocation of goods
to the public. These would then
be issued to. distributing
agencies;

eThe Ministry of Agriculture
has studied the various reports
on crop authorities and has made
recommendations in line with
the — whole rationalisation

-exercise before drawing up

implementation plans;

eA report on tightening
expenditure to reduce Tanzania
Rural - Development . Back
(TRDB). losses , and other
improvement measures has been:
submitted to the Ministry of
Finance forstudy;

6 rt a. cial
pttatan Sie
appointed to look into training in

accountancy has been
completed. " Its
recommendations are being

studied by the Ministry~.of
Finance for implementation at
the soonest; and

eParastatals have been
required to maintain their
overhead costs within the 1981/
82 levels and report to the
Treasury on weekly basis.
e@The agricultural sector ex-
Ported crops worth 2,988.54
million/- last year, ‘which is
about 57 per cent to the
National Economic. Survival
Programme (NESP), the
Minister of State for Planning

and’ Economic Affairs, Prof.
Kighoma Malima, said in
Parliament on Saturday.

He said the sector also ear-
ned the country: 1,557.94
million/- between January
and August this year, which is
63.9 per cent of the entire
national exports. _

TANZANIA


party provincial committee, party members were very active in the conferences

to create this provincial body. There was intensive discussion of the problems
in the province, not only political problems but military, economic and social
problems. In other words, it was indicative of how aware the party members have
become in the analysis of our problems. I think these were our greatest
achievements.

Economically, we installed some factories, but regarding the basic needs of our
people, we manage to do almost nothing. The SODETE soap factory has assured

a supply of soap for the people in the province. Another factory which we
inaugurated during this 3-year period was CODUME, a nuts and bolts factory.

It is strategically important; we can even say with a certain amount of pride
that there are very few factories of this type on our continent. It is producing
enough to export, but unfortunately, because of technical and bureaucratic
problems, we are still importing what this factory can produce for the market

and even for export.

We had high hopes of being able to take all the steps needed to complete the
Premeiro Congresso agricultural and livestock complex in Caala Municipio, the
largest complex, the only complex of its kind in the country, to serve as a
model. But unfortunately, we did not complete the project because of problems
in acquiring building materials. Moreover, the incubator and other equipment
needed to make the complex really operative were never imported.

These, then, are what I consider the most important achievements. I don't
think the others are very important. The most significant ones are really the
creation of the provincial people's assembly, the election of a new party pro-
vincial committee, the new dynamism in party activity in the province and the
installation of these factories.

Question: What goals involved the most party action and which ones were
fully achieved?

Answer: Party work is closely linked to the solution of the people's problems,
because it is not an easy task to educate, mobilize and politicize people who
lack salt, who lack dried fish. Many times, the party, which should have a
certain amount of independent power to be able to implement higher directives,
could not carry out these directives because of these problems facing the people.
For instance, as I said earlier, the military or paramilitary forces liberate

a zone where the counterrevolutionary influence was dominant; then it is up to
the party to make these people, who have been contaminated by the
counterrevolution, understand the true picture of our society. And this must
be accompanied by something else: [solutions] to the most pressing problems

of the people themselves, problems of health and nutrition, lack of clothing.
The province is undergoing a serious situation. Often the party, if not forced
to retreat, is forced to maintain a passive position, a position of passivity
(not an active passivity, but passivity, because the situation is truly touchy).

Question: Could it be said that the national reconstruction activity was
affected by the armed counterrevolution, which aimed primarily at impeding the
solution of the people's problems?



The remaining 20 persons, also Nigerian, were then arraigned in the court on
a three-count charge of unlawful assembly, rioting and public disturbance.

The accused persons, including eight juveniles and an 85-year-old man, were
said to have assembled at Rigasa village on October 29 and started a riot in
which several people including an assistant commissioner of police and a
sergeant were killed.

Their case was adjourned to Wednesday to enable the prosecution to produce
its 29 witnesses in court.

[Words indistinct] also ordered the juveniles into police custody while the
rest were to be detained in prison custory.

Dozens of armed mobile policemen kept watch in the premises of the court
throughout the duration of the proceedings.

cso: 3400/281

51



ZAIRE

BRIEFS

LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL OFFICIALS ELECTED--Citizen Nzondomyo Adokpe Lingo was
reelected today as president of the Bureau of the National Legislative Council
at the proposal of Citizen Mobutu Sese Seko, the founding chairman of the MPR
and president of the republic and by a unanimous show of hands of all the
People's Commissioners. People's Commissioner (Kasongo Mukunji) was elected
first vice president and Citizen Kalome Muane (Kamanbue) the second vice presi-
dent of the National Legislative Council. [AB152100 Kinshasa Domestic Ser-
vice in French 1800 GMT 15 Nov 82]

cso: 3419/220

93



cso:

Parastatal organisations em-
ployers and the Union of Tan-
zania Workers :(JUWATA ) should
work out a system to ensure that
working procedures and
regulations are implemented.

10, The government should em-
phasise to our industries the need
to utilize as much: as possible local
raw materials. Apart from. en-
couraging the manufacturing of
spare parts locally and thereby
conserving foreign exchange, local
technicians should be encouraged
to become innovative. Local in-
dustries should strive to both meet
local demand. and export their
products:

I. Since parastatal
organisations will for a long time
to come continue to playa vital
role in the country’s economy, the
government must (ake steps to
Strengthen” them, and solve
whatever problems they faced.

SECTION FOUR

STRENGTHENING IM-
PLEMENTATION .

The National Party Conference
has observed that implementation
of various projects in the country
in the past has been very poor and
therefore directs the National
Executive Committee (NEC) to
take necessary measures to im-
plement the following;

1. Implemeniation of the 198t
Party Guidelines, Party Chairman
Mwalimu Nyerere’s report to the
Second Ordinary National Party
Conference and all important
Party directives issued in the past.
Special programmes should be
worked out to ensure effective im-
plementation.

2. Steps should be taken to en-
sure that the Party leadership
from the village level upwards is
strengthened through Party-
_administered courses as directed
by the 1981 Party Guidelines.
Secondly to ensure that collective
leadership and Party leadership
from village to national level is
strengthened,

3. Deliberate efforts must be
made to ensure that good plans,
‘liseipline and specific targets in-
“fluence the implementation of
mass programmes.

4. The question of ac-
countability must be given its due
weight. The National Executive
Committee should ensure that the
government and its institutions

3400/184

“are accountable for the im-

72

plementation of Party policies.
The National Party Conference
points out that one of the at-
tributes of Party supremacy was
thet the Party would carefully
monitor its activities and the ac-
tions and behaviour of leaders as
well as its members on how they
discharge their duties. This exer-
cise is extended to the government
and its institutions, taking great
exception against agencies and of-
ficials who do not discharge their
obligations or are somewhat. in-
different to Party policies.

The Conference directs the
union Government and the Zan-
zibar Revolutionary Government
to enact laws to help inspire suc-
cess of the Party directive that
everyone must work hard.

The ‘Conferente notes further
that a weak Party induces a weak
Government. Therefore the Con-
ference directs the National
Executive Committee to stop the
present habit of exercising
leniency towards irresponsible
leaders who. through negligence
and lack of commitment failed to
implement Party and Government
directives on various development
projects.

Secondiy, NEC should ensure
that negligent leaders, saboteurs
and those bent on frustrating the
country’s policy of socialism and
self-reliance are not defended but
are severely booked instead. The
Conference believes that the
presen. Party set up, especially
with regard to the 1982 Party Con-
stitution gives the Party the
requisite power to implement
those resolutions.

The Conference’ reminds Tan-
zanians that the country is presen-
tly undergoing a very difficult
economic phase which has been
brought about by the 1978/79 war
against Dictator Idi Amin, and
compels them to work hard to
revite the country's economy. We
have the ability,the reasons and
the will to overcome the problems.
Every Tanzamian — should
discharge his or her obligations.

The Party . Conference
congratulates the Party’ Chair-
man, Mwalimu Nyerere and Vie

guiding Tanzanians in
tigently during the last phase
Finally. the Conference
congratulates CCM members for
remaining steadfast during our
last difficult economic phase and

for_their national contribution.


LAnswer/ We say that our information indicates that the matter had
been attributed to the CIA.... As for its efforts before the elec-
tions, we had intelligence from a foreign source which we had veri-
fied as well as we could, which showed a certain CIA involvement
with us. We have protested to the American ambassador that this
stop, and as for us, that is that. But we are rational and vigilant.
At this stage, we do not observe any sign of destabilization by any
power whatever, not even South Africa...

8490
CSO: 3419/142

33



There are other problems which the minister of mines and power has identified
as "marketing, production and management." Yet, a number of factors generally
point toward improved prospects for the coal corporation. Among these is the
recent appointment of a general manager, for the first time since 1978. Another
is the restructuring program spearheaded by President Shehu Shagari which,

it is hoped, will prepare the corporation for its new role in the country's
energy policy.

However, some experts feel that because of its coke deficiency, Nigerian
coal is unlikely to become a useful export commodity in the near future. But
interestingly others argue that with its good thermal qualities and rich
chemical content it can meet escalating energy needs, and still others say
that Nigerian coal can support a budding domestic chemical industry.

cso: 3400/281

45



cso:

playground of a few rich
individuals and therefore
of little importance,

‘The equity proportion
of an institutional port-
folio varies from house to
house but an average
might normally have been
25 percent with another 25
percent or so In property
and the- remainder in
Government Stock and
other prescribed assets.
Unfortunately, most  in-
stitutions are’ now s‘tting
on the sidelines, only oc-
casionally entering the
market, Ywnilst the pro-
portion’ of thelr funds in-
vested in equities has
probably fallen to around

0 percent.

Similarly, the stock
market should provide a
means for public com-
panies quoted or seeking a
quotation, to raise funds
from the ‘public to finance
their expansion, With vir-
tually all quoted com-
panies now standing at
well below their asset
values this is clearly im-
possible and in present
circumstances I see very
little prospect of the
private sector making
anything like the con-
tribution expected of it
under the three-year de-
velopment plan.

UNCERTAINTY
What hag brought about
this alt situation? My views
in this regard have been

confidence in the economic
outlook caused by un-
certainty as to the
Government's future

economic policy and it is

3400/189

114

also for the same reason

-that fresh foreign in-

vestment hag been 80 slow
in coming forward to date.
However, recent de-
velopments have been a
little more encouraging
and it is to be hoped that
the new investment
guidelines will lay the
basis for cb-operation be-
tween the public and
private sectors. But tt will
also need to be made
clear, among other things,
that ‘the principle of fair
reward or return on in-
vestment is accepted and
consequently rigid price
control cannot be main-
tained indefinitely.
The process of decision
making on the part of the
Government departments
will need to be speeded up,
and schemes. for im-
proving the productivity
of labour devi!
for the rule of law aust

* velopment of Zimbabwe.

I also believe that such
a co-operation between
the private and public sec-

etors will rovide the

surest and quickest means
of achieving for
thig country. With correct
policies this could be ac-
complished, and then by
the end v next year,

metal
prices ery proving, we
should truly able to

look back on 1982 and say
“that was the year “of
_transition”.



NIGERIA

DEPORTATION RECOMMENDED FOR 133 BECAUSE OF RIOTS
AB191712 Lagos NAN in English 1630 GMT 19 Nov 82
[By George Chuks Akpotuzor]

[Text] Kaduna, 19 Noy (NAN)--One hundred and thirty three of the 178 persons
charged with causing the recent "religious" riot in the Kaduna metropolis were
today recommended for deportation by a Kaduna chief magistrate's court.

The magistrate, Mr Saifullahi Coomassie, also urged the federal government to
ensure that the persons who claimed to be nationals of Chad, Niger, Mali and
Togo were repatriated to their countrdés within the next seven days.

Their immediate return to their home countries would save the federal govern-
ment the cost of feeding them while in custody and would also prevent the
over-congestion in the Kaduna prison, the magistrate ruled.

Mr Coommassie then ordered them to be remanded in police custody pending the
outcome of his recommendation.

He gave the order following the admission by all the aliens, two of whom were
nursing mothers, that they were illegal immigrants and that they had been
residing in the country without valid passport and residence permits.

Earlier, a police prosecutor, Inspector Lazarus Koomen, had told the court
that the aliens had to be charged with the immigration offence when investi-
gations revealed that they were unconnected with the October 29 riot.

He stated that they were arrested soon after the riot at different check-points
in Kaduna and were later found not to possess any travelling document.

It would be recalled that 40 other convicted immigrants from some of the West
African countries were recommended for deportation by two other Kaduna magi-
strate's courts in the past two weeks and are still remanded in custody await-
ing the outcome of the recommendations.

Meanwhile, 20 other persons out of the 178 have been discharged by the chief
magistrate's court on "substituted charges" of idleness [words indistinct]
bound over to be of good [words indistinct]. Investigations showed that the
accused persons were not involved in the riot.

50



NIGERIA

RELATIONS WITH UNITED STATES ANALYZED
AB131250 Lagos NAN in English 1115 GMT 13 Noy 82

[NAN feature item: "Nigerian-American Relations; How Viable?" by Therese
Nweke, NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA]

[Text] The visit of U.S. Vice President, Mr George Bush, to Nigeria raises

a number of issues. One is the strengths and weaknesses underlying the re-
lationship between the United States and Nigeria. Another is the extent to
which America can reinforce its day-to-day relations with its African friends,
notably Nigeria, in order to achieve a clearer prespective of local power
realities and act accordingly.

Carter's was the first American administration to attempt a coherent African
policy. Mr Bush's visit can thus be regarded as one of the direct results

of cooperation efforts begun under the Obasango-Carter administrations.

And there have been some achievement since then, notably in educatdion, health,
and to some extent, agriculture.

Under the two 1981 agreements signed by Vice President Ekwueme and Bush, the
United States has provided places in its technical and higher institutions
of learning to over 720 technical education administrators. This was esti-
mated to cost Nigeria 2.1 million naira in 1981 and 4.6 million naira in
1982. However, in view of the new national education: policy begun last Sep-
tember, whichemphasises technical education. This number is still abysmally
low.

Under the health agreement, the United States was to assist Nigeria in train-
ing medical personnel, and cooperate in public health education, health in-
formation, environmental health and communicable diseases. According to
government officials, some progress has been made.

However, not much has been achieved at the governmental level in the way of
trade. In fact, there is no formal trade and investment agreement between
the two countries. Whatever cooperation exists is informal.

As the United States' second largest supplier of crude oil, Nigeria obviously
values the stability of the American market. It also recognizes the need to

46



HOUSING OFFICIAL SAYS DAR ES SALAAM 'BADLY PLANNED'

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Brown Lenga]

[Excerpt] DAR ESSALAAM is one of the

badly planned cities in the world’ -

and its growth has outpaced
lanners. an official of the
inistry of Lands: Housing and
Urban Development, has told a
seminar in Dar es Salaam.
Ndugu I. S.. Sareva. a
representative of the Ministry
the on-going five-day seminar on
rotection an conservation of
fistorical buildings observed
that because of bad planning
from its initial days in the. early
18th century, post independence
efforts. to: correct. the’ situation
had. failéd «tov:-bring about

‘modification to'match with the’

‘expanding population. 4
e city’s complex problems
were being compounded by both
private and: public institutions’
desire to build and concentrate
houses within the city centre.

Because of this. there was
alw. trong pressure from
individuals. arastatal ~= and
private institutions on the City
Council to allocate plots within
the city. resulting into the pulling
down ‘of some of the historical

CSO: 3400/184

75

buildings in favour of new
houses, Ndugu Sareva-observed.

“Important ‘buildings of
historical interest to,the public
have been pulled down to make
room for new high rise hotels and
block of offices because most
companies . including  state-
owned corporations do not want
to erect such structures outside
the city centre,” another
delegate to the seminar, Dr. J. F.
Mbwiliza from the History
Department of the University of
Dar es Salaam observed.

Dr. Mbwiliza thought that
there was no need, for example,
to build a tourist hotel! near the
Old Boma along the Kivukoni
Front. 5

Because of concentration of
most essential services within the
city centre, a variety of problems
had saddled’ the City Council.
They ~ included transport
problems as most city dwellers

ad to go to the same place for
shopping. entertainment and
otticial business, a_ participant
from the Ministry of Information
_and Culture added.


NATIONAL PRICE COMMISSION INCREASES BABY FOOD, BATTERY PRICES

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 23 Oct 82

[Text]

cso:

THE. National Price Com-
mission has raised prices of
baby-foods and dry cells ef-
fective Jast Wednesday.

A statement issued by the
Commission in Dar es Salaam
yesterday said the new prices
stemmed from an increase in
the suppliers” price and
customs’ duty in the case of
babyfoods’, and the rise in raw
material prices and processing
costs in the case of cells.

‘The statement said the sup-
pliers’ prices of totolac, Lac-
togen, and cerelac had gone
up by 15 per'cent, 13 per cent,
and 21 per cent ‘respectively,
while the customs’ duty had
risen from 15 per cent to 20
per cent. °

In the case of cells, the
price of raw materials had
gone up by 47 per cent and
the processing costs by 15 per
cent, the statement said, ad-
ding that last March’s
devaluation of the nationa}
shilling had

3400/184

so affected the
prices. 2} -_____
_Price:

85

New prices for baby food
(old prices in brackets) are: i
tin of Lactogen — 22/
(17/75); a tin of totolac - ya
(21/60); a tin of SMA 33/65
(24/50); a tin of S-26 — 36/25
(28/25) and a tin of active
dried cerelac — 18/15 (14/90).

The statement, said, DC
yeast. prices, had_ either fate
or remained the same because

import ....costs#. had. ~.gane.

down. As a result, the retail
price DCL yeast (spray in-
stant) is now 40/20 instead of
the previous 43/20, and that
of DCL yeast remain at 24/-.
| Prices of cells are: normal
size — 4/30 instead of 3/-;
agi Sized — 3/- instead of
2/45; and the pen-light t: _
2/60 instead of 2/45. vee
Maximum pan territorial]
wholesale prices of cells,
medium sized and pen ight
cells are ‘1,109/-; 1,073/80 and
2,809/- respectively, and
maximum __sub-wholesale
prices are 1,173/60; 1,136/60

_and 2958/60 respectively.

TANZANIA



NIGERIA

NEW FORM OF RELIGIOUS STRIFE CALLED MORE DANGEROUS
AB121143 Lagos NAN in English 1045 GMT 12 Nov 82
{NAN feature: "Religious Fanaticism--Nigeria's New Baby" by Daniya Mawure]

[Text] The second round of religious riots which occurred in some parts of
the country a few weeks ago came as a shock, as the episode in Kano about

two years ago is still fresh in our minds, especially because of the high num-
ber of those who were killed and the property involved.

After the Kano disturbances of December 1980 led by Alhaji Muhammadu Morwa
Maitatsine, who brought fanaticism to its zenith, in which more than 4,000
fanatics were killed and the subsequent probe that followed, people thought
that put an end to religious fanaticism of such magnitude. However, the re-
cent display of religious violence in some parts of the northern states now
confirms that such fanaticism has come to stay in Nigeria.

The incidents in Maiduguri and Kaduna started just about the same way. Ac-
cording to the police, they received reports of a group of people amassing
dangerous weapons in readiness for something sinister, as they went to inves-
tigate what sparked off the violence. In Maiduguri about 350 fanatics and
15 policemen were reported killed, and 250 vehicles and many houses burned or
damaged. And in Kaduna 44 fanatics were killed after they murdered three
people including an assistant commission of police.

The delay in crushing the uprising of the fanatics usually gave them time
to prepare and go around houses in their enclave killing innocent people who
did not belong to their sect. The Maiduguri violence, for instance, started
on Tuesday, 26 October, but was not crushed until four days later.

Who are these fanatics? And what is their aim?

Islam, like Christianity, has two main divisions. These are the "Sunni"
Islam, which comprises the main body of Muslims, and the "Shia" Islam, whose
population in the Islam world is put at 10 percent.

The branch of Islam as propagated by Morwa Maitatsine and his followers is

that of "a new emerging sect," different from all others. This sect believes
in-using violence to convert other Muslims (?into) their fold. In its doctrine

40



Sopa
30

l

‘

!

‘
'
U

A
‘i H per cent annual growth in export receipts

?
Expor*/ Receipts & Real GDP

-_—_—

~

eed ei teeienten

Brighter Prospects

for the Manufacturing Industry

THE years- 1980° and
1981 were years of
phenomenal growth and
expansion “for Zimba-
bwe’s . . manufacturing
sector. In those two
years the index.of the
volume of production
increased by 25 percent
and employment rose
by 30 000 to 173 000.

__‘This impressive perform-

110

ance was due to the com-
bination of favourable in-
fluences — the ending of
the ‘war and the release
of pent-up demand in the
economy, an additional
boost to consumer demand
brought about by an over-
all. expansion of employ-
ment opportunities and in-
creased wages, an 85 per-
cent increase in foreign
exchange channelled to in-
dustry between mid-1979

“and mid-1981 providing
essential raw materials
_and replacement machin-_



JPRS 82354

30 November 1982

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT

No. 2729
CoNTENTS
ANGOLA
Responsibility for Delayed Peace Talks Rejected
(Editorial; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 17 Oct 82)......... tease eeee 1
Portuguese People Express Solidarity With Donation
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 13 Oct 82) .....cceeeeece cece ceeeeeenes 3
Satisfactory Prospects for Portuguese Tourism Cooperation
(JORNAL DE ANGOLA, various dateS)......ee eee e cece cece eens 4
Portuguese Official's Visit
Private Consortium's Interest
Excellent Cooperation Stressed
Cooperation Protocol Signed
Departing Huambo Commissioner Admits Poor Results
(Santa Andre Pitra; JORNAL DE ANGOLA, 14 Oct 82)......... 7
Briefs
Acute Meat Shortage in Benguela 13
Residency Documents 13
INTERPOL Membership 14
Oil Discovery 14
Portuguese Technical Cooperation 14
Authority Awarded 14
"ANGOP'-'TASS' Cooperation 14
Energy Delegation to Cuba 15
Cabinda Bridge Repairs Delayed 15
Oil Minister Questions Gulf 15
Cabinda Party Cells Situation 15
Bie Deficient Energy Situation 16
BOTSWANA
Briefs
French Assistance 17

-ae- (III - NE & A - 120)



"
PF Somiaanwwn

THE TOP TEN IN MARKET CAPITALISATION

(at mid-September 1982 in millions of dollars)
Parcent change trom

1982
Delt cnmnerennnmennnn $31,3.
National Foods —..- 21,4
Hunyani Holdings 21,0
. David Whitehead .. 156
Dunlop ... 15.8
Plate G1a88  eenenene 15,5
14,3
14,2
11,7
11,6

1981

1980

market price
25% 749
- 6% —66%
+ 1% 4854)
+16% 2 58%)
412% N/A
—31% —45%
— 3% N/A
~36% 0 N/A
6% 28%
29% 53%

items marked N/ATM Dunlop was listed only from
November 1980; TSL and T.A, had significant

ahare issues in 1980/1981,

THE TOP TEN IN EARNINGS

Percent
change
Position Year ended $ 00Gs from
1 March '8Z2 Delta 42) 12117 +7
2 March '82 = National
Foods .. (4) 8018 +40
3 = =March *82 “Hippo
Valley. (1). 7937-64
® | Sept. 81 D. Whites
head -—~ (8) 1572 +50
& May ‘82 TAs we (83) 6248 -13
6 March '82 Plate Glass (6) 8420 +29
T Dee. 81 Dunlop — (7) 8298 +36
8 Sep. 81 Hunyant
Holdings (9) 8108 +62
e Deo. ‘81 Art
Printers (10) 4232 +52
10 Oct. 81 TSL WW (-) 4073 +539
(1981 position tn brackets)
THE TOPS IN VALUE ADDED
‘ Percentage Share
Value Distributed to
Position Company added Employees Share Gov. Cove
«Mittion) holders
2 Delta — $126 28%! 5%, «BBX! BY
2 TA WW 47 STK 9% 12% 9%
8 National
Foods .. 26 62% 12% 2% 19%
“4 African .
Distillers 23 8% .4%4 884. 5%)
5 Plate
Glass .. 20 46% 114 24 13%
6 BAT (15
months) 2 «616% By 44
7 Rothmans 19 15% 4%) 16% 5x)
8 David ‘
Whitehead 18 43%) 20%) 11g 23%
9 Hunyani
Holdings 17 55% 13. 1% 17
10 Dunlop 17 40% «= es) 6X 11
dl Art HW 2 BKM = SH!
12 TRL w 12 39%. 16% AOL

103

newspaper statements, in
which employee matters
are well covered. All three
companies are involved in
worker education and
training.

The employee top coms
pany list has been kept

short at five because
apart from providing
value added statements
‘THE TOP TEN IN NEW

INVESTMENTS

eniltions

1 TA ow. we 81
2 National Foods 7,4
8 12
4 63
5 56
6

Whitehead nme 5,0
7 Hunyant

Holdings em 4,8.
8 Dunlop .... 46
9 SPC... row 3,8
10 Plate Glass .. 3,4
10 34

the remaining companies
give very little specific in
formation on social ben-
fits so itis not possible
to award.them places in
the listings.

Edgars fairs well when
It__comeg to. employee

reporting, The employee
report shows that value
added totalled $10 million,
employees got 52 percent
of this or. $6017 on aver-
age each. There were 868
employees and $89000
was spent on their train-
ing during the year; im
addition $750000 is being
spent on the purchase of a
new training institute.
There is still much that
even the leaders can do to
improve the standard of
their reporting. For ex-
ample, terms within the
value added statement
should be defined, (ig it
not cheating to include
top executive directors
remuneration in “em-
ployees” pay and bene~
fits?), and not only the
good achieved by the com-
pany should be disclosed
but also where it fell
down.
‘7 Finally there are two
giaring omissions from

most reports; these are



cso:

3400/184

_last year, he added.

mainly locally obtained raw
materials.

Statistics also showed * that
productivity per worker was higher
in smail than big industrial units.
Mwalimu said in 1976/77, for
example, each worker in small scale
units produced goods worth 16,110/-
while that in big factory produced
14, 172/- worth of goods.

He said there were 3,978 small
industrial units in 1977/78, 1,483 of
them in purely rural areas employin;
52.284 workers with an annual
output of 845.3 million/-. The
number of units increased to 4,893

63



But while Reagan regards South Africa as a friendly nation, there are many,
and this includes articulate groups in the West, who question the economic,
and in the long run, political value of the relationship.

Nigeria's permanent envoy to the United Nations, Alhaji Yusuf Maitamasule,
has also argued that people should realize that while they have investment
and economic interests in South Africa, there are similar interests in the
rest of Africa.

He contends that trade between the West and the rest of Africa is ten times
as much as that with South Africa and the West. And he bolsters his arguments
with the fact that outside of the EEC, Nigeria is Britain's largest trading
partner.

Nigeria's stand on Namibia is clear, as reiterated by President Shehu Shagari
at a recent state banquet in honour of Zimbabwe's prime minister, Robert
Mugabe. He said that Namibia's independence should be unconditional, and
emphasized that he saw no link between the withdrawal of Cuban troops from
Angola and independence for Namibia.

It is necessary threfore for the West, and in particular the United States,
to analyze carefully the long term gains to be had in fostering relationships
on the continent.

cso: 3400/281

49



of all people, who laid the foundation to social responsibility in business
when he wrote: "He errs least and will be most favoured by fortune who suits
his proceedings to the times."

In all probability suiting one's proceedings to the times in Zimbabwe in the

1980s will not be an easy task.

Not just because of the inherent tension that

exists between private and public sector--though there has been a discernible
improvement in this relationship during 1982--but because, after two years of
abnormal and above-average growth, the Zimbabwe economy is increasingly feel-
ing the impact of the world recession.

Corporate profits grew more slowly in 1981/2 than in the two preceeding years
and interim results for 1982/3 show a double-digit decline. Unfortunately,
this squeeze on corporate profits has coincided with an expanded investment
In terms of the 1982/5 Transitional Develop-
ment Plan, the private sector is targetted to invest some 40 percent of the
$6 billion (at 1981 prices) investment programme--equivalent.to some $800
million a year which is more than total investment of just over $700 million

target for the private sector.

by both the private and public sectors during 1981.

Social performance
extends well beyond the
narrow confines of profit
levels and investment in-
tentions. The public no
longer accepts economic
-efficlency — on its own —
as the sole justification
for corporate existence.
Expectations run higher
than that, which is hardly
surprising since business
leaders cast themselves —
or are cast — as opinion-
formers and trendsetters.

But, if Ameritan
evidence is any guide,
business, especially big
business, has a poor
image. A British news-
paper reported in 1979
that Henry Ford 1 had
equipped his office with a
US $250 000 sauna,
private gym and full-time
masseur as well as a
private dining room with
six full-time employees,
including a Swiss chef.

Such ‘a lifestyle was
hardly calculated to gen-
erate public admiration,
let alone sympathy, for
big business. Indeed, J K
Galbraith has drawn at-
tention to the paradoxical
situation whereby the lar-
gely transnational cor-
porations which have
access to the most modera
technology and highest-
level skills, fail dismally in
the field of image-making.

Their public relations

are frequently either non-
existent or appalling.
‘They -appear to believe
that bigness, high levels
of profitability and im-
pressive growth rates are
evidence of professional
superiority . and
business success alone,
measured in terms of
earnings per share or
asset-growth, justifies the
corporation's existence.

CYNICISM.

Public cynicism has a
variety of origins and can-
not be countered merely
by public relations cam-
paigns of employee
reports, The interface be-
tween private enterprise
and the socialist state is
far too complex for this,
In the 1980s in Zimbabwe,
the “top company” needs
a public affairs manager
(or department) scanning
the environment, keeping
his colleagues and seniors
in touch with changing
socio-political as well as
economic conditions.

Labour relations, and
above all, labour | com-
munications, are far more
important in the new Zira-
babwe than ever before.
In a stagnant world
economy, productivity
‘standards are absolutely
critical and industrial
relations, worker partic-

ipation schemes and an

98

lary health and training
programmes are fun-
damental to improved pro-
ductivity. Information dis-
closure is vital, too.

PROFITS

Companies should
voluntarily disclose far
more information not just
to shareholders, about
business performance but
also about ‘the perceived
impact of the business in
areas of social, moral or
political concern,

In the specific realm of
rofits, it is thme for
business to come clean, In
Zimbabwe, for Instance,
probably fewer than 100
org: 'tlots = PUET*
fit figures. Some of the
jargest businesses report
information to their head
offices abroad which the
Zimbabwean _ Ddlic has
every right to know,

One has to read an
overseas newspaper, for
instance, to see whether
the head office in London
or elsewhere in com.
Menting at all mean-
ingfully on the  sub-
aidiary’s operations in
Zimbal lere, the com-
pany is silent.

It ts hardly surprising
that this unhealthy preoc-
cupation . with corporate
secrecy on the part of the
multinationals should have
given rise to all sorts of



discussions of this legislation as a representative and member of the Central
Committee, If he violated it, he should be sentenced, and he has been,

We are firm in the preservation of the people's resources, The African middle
class is not comparable to the European middle class which sides with the
plants, industry and various manufacturing activities in order to initiate
accumulation of wealth, to reach a certain level of ease and then to want to
seize political power. In Africa, it is high level officials responsible for
managing public resources who misappropriate these funds purely and simply,
and who would like at the same time to influence the people, It is just as
if the colonial powers are being replaced and the policy of exploitation and
oppression is continuing, and the people must still remain the object and

not become the subject of their history. This is why we are strict and we
will remain strict, We can be blamed for any fault, but not for indifference
to the poverty of our people in complicity with those who want to delay our
people,

So, the struggle that we have initiated is a sacred struggle, whether you call
it a class struggle or a political struggle, before it is an economic
struggle, We have a given concept for the development of our society, We
want it to be harmonious and to be based exclusively on man's merit and free-
dom, and not on theft and exploitation. And this is why we are coming down
hard on theft and sentencing the thief no matter at what level he is found,
And our legislation is more severe for Party-State leaders than for lower
level activists.

Lacote: I thank you Mr President,

9693
cso: 3419/16

23



DAMAGES IN BORDER INCIDENT--Nigeria and Cameroon have each honored engagements
undertaken to pay indemities to families of victims following the frontier
incident between the two countries last year in May. A release from the
presidency of the republic says damages caused to the Cameroon Embassy in
Nigeria have been paid for and Cameroon too has paid compensation to the
families of the five Nigerian victims during the border incident. The release
adds that the gesture was to maintain the (?existing) good-neighborly relations
between the two countries. [Text] [AB151834 Yaounde Domestic Service in
English 1800 GMT 15 Nov 82]

cso: 3400/307

19



‘THE TOP TEN IN TOTAL ASSETS
(In thousands of dollars)

1982 1981
1 Delta .. (1) 145682. 115 481
2 Zimbabwe Alloys (3) 128620 105 850
BTA. cn (4) 117331 100 978
4 Hippo Valley (2) 113240113 427
5 National Foods (5) 67736. 57328
6 David Whitehead (6) 51651 = 40.723
7 SPC (2) 49742 32.174
8 Hunyani Holdings (8) 48 643 31.986
9 Art Printers (8) 45570 30 652

10 Plate Glass

Social Responsibility:

Many of our quoted
companies are concerning
themselves with societal
reporting. Zimbabwe bet-
ters Britain with a
higher percentage of
quoted companies publish-
ing value added state-
ments. In- addition many
of our companies now _
publish reports for em-
ployees on the year’s trad-
ing, and it is a growing
trend. Among the” com-
panies dealt with in the

©)

‘(1981 position in brackets)

36765 ° 25873

and Plate Glass.

Sadly the last time
Delta published an em-
ployee report was three
years ago. Perhaps they
and: others cover the in-
formation in “in-house
journals; .but this is
thought not to be the
same by overseas
researchers; apparently
workers and trade unions
treat this type of informal
published matter with
suspicion, ‘Furthermore
doubt ‘is raised in the

“minds of workers it they

top. company. lists only
Art and TA published em-
ployee reports last year,
happily’ they are ‘now
joined by 6 new entrants
viz,  Afdis,- Rethmans,
\ Edgars, Hippo, Hunyant, _

with special in«
iStmation Buch aa a value
added statement which is
not given to shareholders
jn the annual report, —

Employee Chol

One has no hesitation in placing Art at the top of the list in employee reports
and in being concerned with their welfare. The annual pay and benefits average
out at $5,3 thousand for each employee. The employees' trust, which is the
most progressive and pioneering in Zimbabwe, received $324 000 from company
profits for the year. Art.is the one major company that has complied with the
President's desire for private enterprise to follow the Government's lead in
Zimbabweanising top management; its executive chairman is black and so too are
four of the other nine directors.

Dunlop comes second in this section with high earnings and benefits per employ-
ee; a social report within the annual report, a long record of providing wel-
fare benefits such as a clinic, canteen, sports club, training school and uni-
versity bursaries.

Hunyani, Delta and TA are among the leaders in the employee responsibility

section. Hunyani and TA provide detailed and well presented employee reports.
Delta.as already stated misses out in this regard but makes up the lost ground
by presenting an excellently styled stakeholder type annual report and interim

102



the Third World. Then a socialism which aims to preserve, then
deepen democracy's achievements in Mauritius; that is a process which
has already started. And finally, a modern socialism which seeks to
increase wealth to distribute it better, a socialism of management,
which learns fully the lessons of the failure of a certain type of
nationalization elsewhere.

LQuestion/ Since your victory in June, what economic policies have
you initiated?

[Koswer] We have inherited an extremely difficult situation. In
the immediate future, we are attempting to regain economic indepen-
dence vis-a-vis the International Monetary Fund, while starting re-
forms in depth. Likewise, we must become independent by stages vis-
a-vis South Africa and seek other markets, especially as regards
general imports and tourism. We expect regional cooperation both on
the economic as well as political level, and on the creation of an
Indian Ocean Commission, which would include Mauritius, Madagascar,
the Seychelles and then, later, the Comoros and Reunion.

[Question/ Do you seriously think you will be able to demilitarize
the Indian Ocean and recover the island of Diego Garcia, which has
been transformed into an-American strategic base?

[Rnswer/] First, we are patriots and we want to recover our country's
territorial unity and regain our sovereignty over the Chagos Islands
as well as Tromelin which France holds. Grossly economic motives
impel us next: The Island of Mauritius, with an economic zone which
ineludes Mauritius, Rodrigues, Saint-Brandon and the Chagos Islands
and Tromelin is a great country of the Indian Ocean. A strategic
problem finally: we advocate an Indian Ocean "zone of peace." We
intend to proceed in two stages: first reestablish our sovereignty
over the Chagos Islands. At the time of her visit, Indira Gandhi
assured us of India's support and we enjoy the support of other coun-
tries in the region. A parliamentary committee is instructed to
investigate thoroughly the conditions under which the Chagos were
separated from Mauritius in 1965, in order to bring the matter before
the International Court of Justice.

Once sovereignty is reestablished with respect to the English, who
have kept the archipelago, we are considering later negotiations,
aiming at the dismantling of the American base at Diego Garcia.

Since we are absolutely nonaligned, we would not have any objection
+o regionalizing the problem. ‘And in that case, involving the Soviet
Union in the question,does not pose any problem for us. We are
ready to do it.

[Question/ How do you explain the crushing victory of your coali-

tion MMM/PSM and the disappearance of the labor party of Doctor
Ramgoolam, in power since independence?

31



The Industrial Index actually peaked in December
of that year (476,77) while the Mining Index peaked
quite a bit earlier in February (267,22), Both indices
‘with minor fluctuations have been on a declining trend
ever since, :

‘The decline of industrial share prices developed
momentum after July 1981 following the introduction
of the 20 percent withholding tax on dividends in that
year’s budget and the genera) rise in interest rates
which occurred throughout the year, with the yield on
25-year Government stocks rising from 8,75 percent in
September 1980 to 13,0 percent in September 1981.

Mining shares suffered from the same influences
which were accentuated by the sharp fall in the price
of base metals which started early in 1981 and has
continued to date. .

VALUE

“internal ° - External Total
Oct. 1578-Sept, 1979 25096975 26832504 51 929,479
Oct. 1979-Sept, 1980 55961334 33559182 89520516
Oct, 1980-Sept, 1981 42374688 52939764 95314452
Oct. 1981-Sept. 1982 10003133 39360742 49 363 875

VOLUME °

Internat Externat ‘Totat
Oct, 1978-Sept. 1979 18922245 6452230 25374475
Oct, 1979-Sept. 1980 36496979 7524229 44021208
Oct, 1980-Sept, 1981 31175509 13327827 44503 336
Oct. 1981-Sept, 1982 15462085 5886536 21348621
Government and Municipal Stocks and E.S.O.
October 1978-September 1979 $7 275 492
October 1979-September 1980 muvommnens $10 257 642
October 1980-September 1981 emsnunmnam $15 037 407

October 1981-September 1982 suum $7 993 999
: INDICES
Dividend
% % Yield
Industrial Decline Mining ‘Decline on
—
a
Sept. 393,27 268,65 53%
Sept. 454,92 15,5 247,56 18 55%
Sept. 212,04 533 74,78 70,0 12,7%
Sept. 166,04 21,6 37,33 50,0. 18.6%

‘A comparison of the 10 most active stocks for the
last two, years is also interesting as it will be noticed
that six stocks figure in both years, but in each case
turnover in number of shares is greatly reduced,
October 1980-September 1982
National Foods Holdings ..... 3 806 948
Hippo Valley Estates
Clotex Holdings

'T.A.. Holdings
Shangani .....
MTD. bea iies
ortlang Hol cvnecrcsnmatmmae 892
October 1981-September 1982 892.380
Hippo Valley Estates mene 1421381
TA, Holdings awe
‘Wankie Colliery

Portland Holdings __... 839 087
Mashonaland Holdings ....... 598 260
M.T.D, Mangula 574 552

National Foods Holdings

Rio Tinto Mining (Zimbabwe) 560 227

Bindura “Nickel Mining... 525 255
er

One. factor not always appreciated here is the
depth of the present world recession with nearly all
major countries now in a state of nil or negative
growth rates in G.N.P, and unemployment at high
levels of between 10%-14% of the work force,

As a result of the world recession the price of
most _base metals has fallen to its lowest level in real

112



national identification program as the country holds a record for its laxity
in security matters and believes that "I.D." program will go a long way to
check matters like the Maitatsine episode. Concluding, the CONCDRD considers
the incident to be too dangerous to be dismissed as mere arguments and also
calls for a serious investigation into the disturbances. [Excerpts] [AB051831
Lagos International Service in English 1630 GMT 5 Nov 82]

RIOTS SAID 'POLITICALLY MOTIVATED'--Kaduna, 5 Nov (NAN)--The Kaduna police
commissioner, Alhaji Hamza Katsina, told the NEWS AGENCY OF NIGERIA (NAN)
today that his command was "of the strong opinion that the recent religious
disturbances in the state are politically motivated." He said that the com-
mand received reports that some of the "fanatics" had been conveyed to the
scene of clashes in vehicles belonging to a political party which he would
not identify. Alhaji Hamza then disclosed that he had set up a "high powered"
investigation committee to look into the role of political parties in the
disturbances. [ByxSylvéster Eseagwu] [Text] [AB051336 Lagos NAN in English
1302 GMT 5 Nov 82]

GOVERNMENT DENIAL ON RIOTS--The federal government has expressed concern over
false allegations being made in certain quarters that the recent religious
disturbances in Maiduguri, Kaduna and Kano wer triggered off by the
Maitatsine followers released from prison custody last August. In a statement
in Lagos today, the government said the true picture was that the Council of
State in consideration of measures for the decongestion of prisons all over
the country had recommended that persons who have long awaited trial should
be released firom custody. It was in pursuance of that recommendation, con-
tinues the statement, that the federal government freed such persons through-
out the country. It added that among them were about 923 suspected followers
of Maitatsine detained in Kano prisons. A total of 223 of them who were non-
Nigerians were quickly deported. The government stressed that it is therefore
wrong to say the prerogative of mercy was exercised on them since they have
not been tried, charged and convicted. It contended that this humanitarian
gesture was (?mainly conceived) for political reasons. In the meantime, the
federal administration has enjoined patriotic Nigerians to cooperate with the
law enforcement agencies in identifying these religious fanatics who, it says,
have taken refuge elsewhere and might threaten law and order again. [Text]
J[AB102201 Lagos Domestic Service in English 2100 GMT 10 Nov 82]

DISCUSSION OF RELIGIOUS STRIFE--An emergency meeting of Nigeria's National
Council of State is being convened to further deliberate on the recent reli-
gious disturbances in some parts of the country. Its objective is to seek
the cooperation of all concerned in finding a lasting solution to the problem.
This was noted in the communique issued at the end of the meeting of the
National Security Council held in Lagos. [Excerpt] [AB110949 Lagos Interna-
tional Service in English 0830 GMT 11 Nov 82]

PAPER ON U.S. ROLE--The NEW NIGERIAN examines the significance of the discus-
sions between Nigerian leaders and the U.S. vice president, George Bush,
during his recent visit to Nigeria. According to the paper, Mr Bush told
federal legislators in Lagos thati:the United States has no magic wand to
bring solutions to the issue of apartheid in South Africa and the tension in

55



A further drop in exports receipts produced a 7,5 percent slide in real growth
in 1977.

It took two years of rapid expansion in export revenues for real GDP to become
positive again.

The economy, boosted by favourable internal business developments, aid flows
and the re-establishment of trade links with the rest of the world, performed
well in 1980 and 1981.

Unfortunately, as in 1974, the exceptional growth achieved during these two
years was to be shortlived.

The untimely second oil-price hike in 1979 signalled the beginning of a period
of world-wide economic stagnation. The graph depicts an alarming slide in ex-
ports revenues in 1981/1982.

However, a 5,5. percent exports receipts growth helped to generate a remarkable
real GDP improvement of 12,2 percent in 1981.

Regrettably, this performance is unlikely to be repeated in the face of a pro-
jected decline of more than 20 percent in exports earnings in 1982.

In fact, had exports receipts been the sole source of foreign exchange, the
very satisfactory 1981 result, despite higher agricultural exports, would prob-
ably not have materialised.

The exceptional growth seems to have been achieved primarily as a result of
higher consumer buying power, coupled with benefits from aid programmes and a
favourable agricultural season.

The outlook for next year, based on the economy's dependence upon exports re-

ceipts, is not bright. Current export volumes are at their lowest point since
1970.

The international recession shows no signs of abating.

It is likely that further downward adjustments to foreign exchange allocations
may become necessary in the new year unless the world economic situation be-
gins to improve--contrary to largely pessimistic current forecasts.

The authorities could try to soften the blow at the price of escalating in-
flation, by following a reflationary policy.

The effects of reflation, recently instituted by the French, have been a weak-
ening exchange rate on the one hand and rapidly rising prices leading to a
loss of competitiveness on the other.

This suggests that there will be no easy solutions to the country's exports
problems and that Zimbabwe will simply have to weather the prolonged world
economic "winter".

The authorities can help through export incentive schemes and the optional use
of domestic resources as well as aid inflows.

109



MINISTER WANTS BROADENED INSURANCE COVERAGE BASE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 29 Oct 82 p 1

[Text]

CSO:

THE insurance system in
Tanzania should comrsider
peasants and workers who
cannot afford the minimum
requirements of the. insurance
policies currently in
operation, the Minister of
State for Planning and
Economic Affairs,. Professor
Kighoma Malima, has said in
Dar es salaam.  -

Opening a seminar on “In-
surance and inflation” at the
Institute of ’ Finance
Management (IFM), on Wed-
nesday, Ndugu Malima said
that while the majority of the
peasants and workers could
have little or no property to
insure, they had life for which
they would like some
assurance. -

“Thus, the Insurance
system in our. country has to
consider this group in their
_present_as well as future

3400/184

73

programmes of activities,” the
minister said.

The minister also recalled
that proposals had been made
to introduce crop Insurance
schemes to cover “the most
vulnerable groups in our
society” against vicissitudes
which were not of their own
making.

“TE do hope that we can
begin examining this issue
seriously and quickly, in order
to broaden the base of in-
surance coverage in our coun-
try whose socio-political, ob-
jective is socialism, equality
and justice’, Ndugu Malima
said.

He" emphasised’ that social
security for the rural
Population was a crucial pre-
requisite for the tran-
sformation and socialisation

_of agriculture in Tanzania._

TANZANIA


of a third force, Thus, it was a recognition of the popular will. There
was no thought of being part of the MMM, because we wanted to preserve our
identity.

[Question] There was no thought of being part of the MMM perhaps because there
were differences from the outset between the MMM and the founders of the PSM?

[Answer] Certainly there were differences in our way of looking at several
issues, However, there is also the common objective, socialism, In many
cases our views on things are different from those of the MMM, and that is
why we did not consider joining the MMM,

[Question] You talk about socialism as the common objective. What does
socialism mean to the PSM?

[Answer] To us, it is essentially improvement of the situation of the workers
and of the underpriviledged within the framework of the Mauritian mixed
economy, There are certainly some areas where the basic rights of the workers
are not respected, This is because the current capitalist system does not
respect these rights, The goal of our struggle is to restore to these workers
their dignity and what is due them, through changes in the country's economic
structure. Basically, socialism means doing everything possible at the level
of the state structure and government, through amendments to legislation, to
restore dignity to the working class and give it a better living standard.

Our major concerns are the quality of life, human dignity, and changing of
existing structures to put a stop to exploitation.

[Question] That ideal is like that of the MMM, The latter has laid out a
strategy on the basis of a class analysis, What is the PSM's own analysis
(with respect to classes) of current Mauritian society?

[Answer] We see it in the perspective of the struggle between the capitalists
and the workers, However, we do not believe that there has to be a direct
confrontation, open war, or a revolutionary system to correct the situation,
That is not possible in the Mauritian context, There must be decisive changes
in structures and in the capital/labor relationship, but these changes will
come about through new laws and new strengthen relations,

[Question] The MMM ideal is disappearance of capitalism in all its forms,
First, does the PSM share this viewpoint, and second, how will you build this
socialism to which you aspire?

[Answer] To respond to the first part of your question, I do not know over
how long a period that ideal extends, For the immediate future we do not
envisage that situation, Even the MMM has admitted that. In our view, it is
not possible in the real world to have a totally state system. By contrast,
we envisage a mixed economy where the state will have more control over the
economy, but without capitalist exploitation as has been the case in the past.
Frankly, we do not believe in a totalitarian system, in a system where the
state will control everything, No, we do not believe in that. The government

25



ZAIRE

COUNTRY HAS NEW AGRICULTURAL CREDIT BANK
ABO51314 Kinshasa AZAP in French 0908 GMT 5 Nov 82
[AZAP Commentary: "A Stake To Win']

[Text] Kinshasa, 4 Nov (AZAP)--Zaire now has an "agricultural credit bank."
The promulgation of the presidential ordinance [words indistinct] on Tuesday,
the official installation in his functions of a "charge de mission" in the
office of the state commissioner of agriculture, rural development and environ-
ment.

The creation of this important financial institution responds to the desire

of the founding chairman of the MPR to make agriculture the "priority of prior-
ities." It is know that the party Central Committee identified with this
desire by deciding at the end of one of its sessions to redress the national
economy through agricultural development.

The new initiative perfectly fits into the 3-year agricultural development
plan (1982-84) published recently. It will contribute greatly to overcoming
the factors that have led to more and more problems in Zairian agriculture
these last years, especially in food production.

The task of contributing to the economic ‘development of the country through

the financing of projects or extending ones that are in operation is not easier
to accomplish either. Zairian agriculture has alreays been confronted with
numerous structural, human, financial and material problems. These difficul-
ties are today heightened by the world economic crisis.

The financial means which constitutesthe initial capital, entirely controlled
by the Zairian state (5 million zaires) is far from sufficient.

The essential thing, however was to make the decision. From now we have to
let the new experience succeed.

We do not lack the resources. Eighty percent of our people depend on agricul-

ture, fishing and stockbreeding for their living. What the farmers produce is
more than that produced by organized enterprises operating in the same sector/

91



According to the document in question, the two parties agreed to sign a contract
calling for technical assistance in the training of personnel in various areas
of the hotel industry; this is to be done by operating hotel industry schools
in Luanda, Huambo and Lubango and the "former Restinga" internship unit in the
country's capital. The contract also includes study courses and seminars in
hotel management and courses for those responsible for small and medium hotel
facilities.

Finally, the contract also includes sending an annual contingent of 30
scholarship recipients to Portuguese schools for hotel management and tourism,
particularly higher, medium and specialized courses.

In addition, the Portuguese contingent indicated the National Institute for
Tourist Training as the organization responsible for studying, together with
the Angolon contingent, the signing of a contract for technical assistance
aimed at furnishing technical-professional management to the following hotels:
Dom Juan II (in Luanda), Congresso (in Cabinda) and Mombaka (in Benguela)

by sending professionals for this purpose.

The possibility was also foreseen of using these hotels as internships for
students coming out of hotel-management schools.

Both parties considered the possibility of expanding the cooperative arrangement
in the management sector to hotels of broader scope by joining forces with a
consortium of Portuguese businessmen as soon as conditions permit. As a result,
the Angolan contingent agreed to receive representatives from the Portuguese con-
sortium in Angola at a time to be indicated.

It was also ascertained that Angola is receptive to cooperation with

Portugal on enterprises in the collective food sector with the aim of training
skilled personnel and promoting studies for the establishment of new fast-food
factories.

The Angolan contingent also expressed a desire to cooperate with the Portuguese
group--through the Secretariat of State for Tourism--in having technicians
sent to Angola to assist the National Directorate of Tourism and Hotelkeeping
in reorganizing the tourist sector, with particular emphasis on the territory's
tourist aspect, the primary objective being to increase forms of domestic
tourism.

The Angolan contingent welcomed the Portuguese offer of cooperation in the
domain of tourist stimulation, particularly through the construction of amusement
parks.

The two parties acknowledged the desirability of a meeting of the Joint Com-
iiitee stipulated in Article 7 of the Special Cooperative Agreement in the
tourist and hotel sector, to be held in Lisbon toward the end of the first
half of 1983 if, by that time, there has not been a meeting of the Joint Com-
mittee of the General Cooperative Agreement.

8568
CSO: 3442/28



DIESEL FUEL SHORTAGE AFFECTS CROP TRANSPORT

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 25 Oct 82 p 3

{Text]

CSO:

AN acute ‘shortage of diesel
has affected transportation of
crops from villages in Rukwa
and Ruvuma regions.

The National. Milling Cor-
poration (NMC) General
Manager in Rukwa, Ndugu G.
Kabengwe, told Shihata over
the weekend that there were
more than 7,000 ‘tonnes’ of
food crops already purchased
by the NMC, but had not been
transported to the godowns
due to lack of diesel.

Ndugu Kabengwe said o- t
of the total, 4,000 tonnes were
in villages which had very bad
roads, and feared that if they
were not collected now it
would be difficult to do so
when the- rains. come next
month.

He said 27,000 litres of
diesel were needed to ensure
the 4,000 tonnes were collec-
ted within two to three weeks’

time.

3400/184

74

“The NMC has a target of
purchasing 25,600 tonnes of
food crops this season, and so
far 16,000 tonnes have
already been purchased,” he
said.

The Songea District
Development Director, Ndugu
T. Kamwela, explained that
in Ruvuma Region the shor-
tage of diesel threatened
NMC activities in crop collec-
tion, especially now that rains
have started.

He said the Regional
Development Director, Ndugu
L.Rimisho, was presently in
Dar es Salaam looking for
diesel.

Ndugu Kamwela said the
region also faced the problem
of tyres, tubes and vehicles.
He said most roads in the
region were impassable,
something which ‘made
private vehicle owners refuse

.to hire them.

TANZANIA



INDIAN, PRC FARM IMPLEMENTS EXPECTED TO ARRIVE EARLY DECEMBER

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 20 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Betty Marealle]

[Excerpt]

TANZANIA

FARM implements worth about 81 million/- imported from India and China to supplement produc-
tion shortfalls at the Ubungo Farm Implements (UF) factory are expected to arrive early December.
A spokesman of the Ministry of Industries told Shihata in: Dar es Salaam yesterday that

arrangements. for importation of more im
pleted at the end of the month.

He said 868,869 hand hoes, 668,000 pangas, 17,000 ox ploughs, 2:
_fartn_implements shipped from India‘and China. i

cso:

3400/184

(

plements and raw materials worth 29million/- will be com-

000 plough shares are among the

The spokesman said 10,000
hoes, which were piled-up at
the Mbeya Farm Implements
due to lack of hardening
material (quenching oil), will

-soon be transported to UFI.

for distribution. y
The Mbeya plant has ob-
tained five drums of quen-
ching oil adequate to com-
plete the hardening process.
The spokesman said hand
hoe demand in the country for
this agricultural season is 3.1
million, while UFI had by
September this year

, distributed only 600,000 hoes.

By December, the figure is.ex-
pected to rise to 1.5 million
and by June 1983 three
million hoes would. be
distributed. °

Ox-plough demand stands
at 45,000. By December
35,090: would be distributed,
while plough share
requirement is at 200,000.

80



There is no question that Angola and Cuba are not considering such a replace-
ment. Rather, what is being foreseen is a gradual withdrawal of the Cuban
internationalist combatants, once the conditions for the security and defense
of the territory are met, that is, as soon as the South African army of
occupation withdraws from the southern part of Angola and from Namibia as far

as Orange River and there is no further danger of new aggressions, destabilizing
attempts and a nondeclared war imposed on Neto's country by imperialism through
its most loyal agent, the Pretoria regime.

The program for the withdrawal of the Cuban military contingents is contem-
plated published in a joint statement on 4 February 1982 during the visit to
Angola of Isidoro Malmierca, head of Cuban diplomacy. This. sovereign and
freely proclaimed decision, compatible with the interests of both peoples and
governments, reveals the high degree of responsibility of the Angolan and
Cuban leaders and constitutes a solemn engagement in the eyes of international
opinion with respect to sovereignty and independence.

That is why Angola, which is the country under attack, should never be considered
responsible for the delay in the implementation of peace measures in the
southern African area instead of Pretoria. The American administration and
other powers are continuing to cling to a peace which would result from pre-
tensions which are in conflict with principles considered inviolable by all
countries. The readiness of the Angolan nation to cooperate in the elimination
of what caused the instability and aggressiveness in this region should not be
seen as a sign of weakness but rather as evidence of political maturity within
the framework of the "Front Line" and as ‘coming from a free, independent and
sovereign state.

Peace is not achieved through daydreams or speculation. Nor by geostrategic
calculations. And "dictatorial measures" constitute a dangerous path to follow
in any negotiation, for there is a danger of confusing desires with reality and
imposing viewpoints on others, ignoring such things as sovereignty, independence
and mutual respect which normally govern relations between states.

8568
CSO: 3442/28



funds for its lending
operations on national
capital markets inside and
outside the EEC and on
the international market.

SUBSIDIES

‘The EIB can grant or-
dinary loans to_industrial
projects in ACP states,
The loans will attract
interest subsidy of nor-
mally 3 percent, although
it will automatically be
adjusted so that the inter-
est rate actually borne by
the borrower is between 5
percent and 8 percent p.a.

The duration is -de-
termined in the light of
each project’s particular
economic and financial
profile, with a maximum
of 25’ years. In practice,
the terms under the first
Lome Convention have
been fairly uniform with a

Financial assistance
from the ®IB can also be
in the form of risk capital.
It is intended to be used
for:

@ increasing directly or
indirectly the own
resources of public, semi-
public or even private
undertakings;

@ financing specific pro-
ject preparation and de-
velopment studies and for
assisting undertakings
during the start-up phase;
@ globa} loang to finance
smaller business in-
vestments through the
intermediary of de-
velopment banks.

Centre for Industrial
Development:

Another important in-
stitution in the field of in-
dustrial co-operation is
the Centre for Industrial

its economic limits that
can provide a catalytic ef-
fect towards the establish-
ment, expansion and
rehabilitation of an in-
dustrial enterprise in an
ACP state. This may be
through technical,
economic analysis and
marketing assistance to
both individual entre~
Preneurs as well as to
governments.

Most important, how-
ever, may be CID’s role as
@ neutral and knowled-
geable _ partner/mediator
in creating joint ventures
between ACP entre-
preneurs/governments and
EEC industrialists. ACP
Production potential
studies and CID’s_ in-
formation service with a
qualified inventory of

' EEC industries, who have

indicated their ACP inter-

est, make a good basis for
creating contact between
ACP and EEC partners,

Development (CID).
‘The CID was created in
_1977__under__the Lome _ Final Remarks:
Convention. CID under- “Ta bMachad]
takes any action within [as published]

duration from 11 to 15
years and interest rates
between 6 percent ard 6,5
Percent, _

Zimbabwe Set for Negative Growth Rate Next Year

ZIMBABWE'S economy will, in all probability, suffer a slight decline in real
terms, in 1983. Imports continue at record levels, and the deteriorating ex-
ports receipts position could reduce real GDP growth to 2-3 percent this year
and result in negative growth at 3-4 percent next year.

A quick glance at official figures reveals just how susceptible this country's
economy is to the vagaries of international trade.

Total imports and exports in 1981 constituted 60 and 56 percent respectively,
of the real Gross Domestic Product.

The graph illustrates a high degree of visual correlation between exports re-
ceipts and real GDP growth rates over a ten-year period.

In real terms the economy expanded at an annual rate of 11,3 percent in 1974.

However, the first oil-price shock in that year brought expansion in economic

activity in the industrialised world to a standstll. Predictably, the demand

for and prices of export commodities fell drastically, leading to a severe re-
duction in exports receipts.

The monetary authorities were forced to cut import allocations and real GDP
growth declined to a negative 2,3 percent in 1975.

Despite a slight improvement in exports earnings, the economy slowed down by
an additional 1,4 percent in 1976.

108



He discouraged wanton felling of trees and called for intensive tree planting
campaigns, especially in Mwanza, Shinyanga, Mara, Arusha, Singida and Dodoma

He cautioned that if the trend
continued even a shortage of hoes
could develop because new ones
were not available at the moment.

Mwalimu said ploughs and
associated implements should be
available at a district centre
where villagers can easily reach.
“Maintenance is not a problem
because the village carpenter and
blacksmith can easily keep them
working,” he said.

He said to solve the country’s
agricultural problems, the
relevant authorities must listen to
the people and discuss with them
instead of preaching to them. The
recovery would be gradual but it
needed action and not words, he
pointed out.

“It involves moving —in action,
not in words — from the hoe to
the oxen-plough and the harrow
and the seedler, and from the
head to the oxen-cart,” he said.

He encouraged small-scale
irrigation schemes which would
utilise Jakes and rivers abound in
the country. Large scale schemes
were expensive and required
trained engineering management,
he pointed out. _

Mwalimu ‘recommended’ con-
certed soi} conservation measures
throughout the country and in-
troduction of tieridging farming
methods in hilly areas to check
desertification which threatened _
many parts of the country.

regions which, he added, were most threatened.

cso:

3400/184



SHAREHOLDERS’ TOP
OOMPANIES
Position
Catca
CAPS
Edgars

David Whitehead
National Foods
Delta

Hunyant

TAL

on eee
>
¢

details on inflation and
Productivity. These two
matters aré of great im-
portance nowadays and
yet only Art, Dunlop and
SPC of all those ap-

pearing on any of the

course),

tables produced accounts
showing the effects of in-
flation on business. None
produced full statements
of productivity or efficl-
ency but some did give a
few details on these, but
this was scattered at ran-
dom in the reports and

easily missed. _

Delta gave volumes
aold, so did Afdis, SPO
gave tonnage, .Hdgars
gave turnover per square
metre; but more ‘could be
done; one simple measure
of productivity is to cal-
culate the value added per
employee and compare the
trend over the years (ad-
justed for inflation of

Mines are Waiting for Good Times

THE economic prob-
lems of the mining in-
dustry have been ex-
pressed and commented
upon in many forums
in recent months. The
main factors relate to
the world recession,
which, far from having
lifted, seems to have
become worse in recent

months.

‘The industry enjoyed a
good year in 1980 when
the value of minera} pro-
duction rose by 32 percent,
including a massive 79 per-
cent increase in the value.
of gold production. Mineral
exports rose by a similar
percentage,

However, in 1981 the
value of production was
five percent down on the
1980 figures and exports
(excluding gold) fell hy
eight percent.

This trend continued
into 1982 and the publish-
ed figures show a further
slight fal] in the first half
of this year in production,
though exports are slightly
higher than for the same
period last year, though
this trend is unlikely to
continue for the second
Half of the year.

The marketing problems
are no longer just a matter
of falling prices. Prices
have certainly been poor
_but_the value of the Zi-
mbabwean dollar has been
more consistent in relation
to other currencies, parti-
cularly the US dollar, since
mid 1981 and this has af-
fected our at-mine sales
proceeds. Furthermore it
is now virtually impossible
to sell significant quanti-
ties of certain products
at any price which has a
realistic relationship to
cost of production,

There is a volume prob-
Jem as well. This is due to
the fall in real consump-
tion, particularly in the
stee] industry worldwide,
and the desire to reduce
stockholdings to meet low-
er consumption levels and
avoid paying high interest
charges.

JOBLESS

Specifically, for example
the United States steel in-
dustry is said to be work-
ing at less than half cap-
acity. In Pittsburgh, for
example, 25 percent of
steelmen are out of work.

In Europe, some of the
major companies are on
two and three-day weeks,
serious talks about clos-
ures and amalgamations

_are taking place and

104

metals are bought in very
competitive conditions on
an as-required basis.

Even Japan, which was
able to maintain its pro-
duction levels longer than
elsewhere, is now suffer-
ing. .

Comecon countries still
buy intermittently, though
the’ quantities have never
been large, but Russia
particularly is selling

_Inaterial ‘into the Western
world on an increasing
scale in order to obtain -
foreign currency and this
is having a ‘depressing
effect on Western markets.

At the beginning of 1981'
it was hoped that the turn-
around in world economic
conditions would start in
the second or third quarter
of the year stimulated by
a fall in int: -est rates in
America and the need for
the US administration to
stimulate economic ac-
tivity before the November
political elections.

As time has gone by,
this optimism has proved
ill-founded and it is vir-
tually impossible now to
get any commentator to
suggest when markets will
improve, Certainly it is
generally expected that
1983 will be a difficult
year for the mining indus-
try.

The behaviour of gold



phosphate transportation. He said the mine which has a capacity of producing
100,000 tonnes of phosphate annually, would produce just enough for TRC. The
company would need 60,500 tonnes of phosphates next year, 73,700 tonnes in
1984, 86,900 tonnes in 1985 and in 1986 TFC has targetted to use 89,000
tonnes. The Minister stated that studies are being conducted to locate po-
tential markets within and outside the country. [Halima Sharif] [Excerpt]
[Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 28 Oct 82 p 3]

cso: 3400/184

89



SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE

DETAILS PROVIDED ON REPORTED COUP ATTEMPT BY NRF
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 26 Oct 82 p 12

fYext/ Manuel Pinto da Costa, president of the MLSTP /Movement for the
Liberation of Sao Tome and Principé/ and of Sao Tome and Principe’ publicly
denounced Saturday the existence of a neocolonialist plan for armed invasion
against his country, using mercenaries who recruited and paid abroad.

This action, being prepared by a so-called "National Resistance Front of Sao
Tome and Principe," which is headquartered:in Portugal and is financed by
international forces of domination and exploitation, and plans to destroy the
MLSTP—which is the leading political force of the society and the state--
and consequently overthrow the present government.

That so-called "front," which closely collaborates with the former colonists
and is fully supported by them, has practiced on a large scale the policy of
enticement, making use of the great sums of money in its possession to "buy
the minds" of opportunist and ambitious Sao Tomians.

By the nature of the action program of the so-called front; published redently
in the Portuguese rightwing press, one can conclude beyond a shadow of a doubt
that its aim is to install in Sao Tome and Principe a colonial-capitalist
regime, which was categorically rejected by the people.

The program, it may be recalled, calls for the devolution of nationalized
lands to former colonists who occupied them by force and it gives the private
sector the main role in the country's development.

"The people cannot accept the installation in Sao Tome and Principe» of a
capitalist style regime," said President Pinto da Costa in his speech to the
assembly that he chaired during the preparations under way for the soon-to-be
convened Third Extraordinary Assembly of the MLSTP.

The Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe, a small country of close to
1,000 square kilometers, won its independence on 12 July 1975 after 504 years
of resistance against Portuguese fascist colonial occupation.

According to the MLSTP program, the country is now in the revolutionary

national democracy stage and its people have sovereignly chosen the non-
capitalist road to development.

57



NIGERIA

CONCERN OVER TRADE UNION ULTIMATUMS
AB140657 Lagos NAN in English 1642 GMT 13 Nov 82

[Text] Lagos, 13 Noy (NAN)--President Shehu Shagari, today in Calabar,
expressed concern over the issuing of ultimatum by trade unions in the public
sector as a means of settling trade disputes.

Speaking at the third conyocation ceremony of the University of Calabar,
President Shagari said that the procedure was contrary to the provisions of
the law.

He said that workers, especially those in essential services, should make use
of the provisions for the peaceful settlement of trade disputes.

President Shagari said that workers should not allow the pursuit of their
partisan interests to becloud the wider interests of the community.

With the present slow-down in our economy, he said, prudence should be shown
in the pyactice of responsible trade unionism both in the private and public
sectors of the economy.

President Shagari said that what the country needed at its present stage of
economic development was a true spirit of cooperatiionby all.

He said that the noble objective of all worthy citizens should be to consoli-
date the economic foundations of the country for peace, progress and political
stability.

He also appealed to state governments, which had not indicated their repre-
sentatives on the national labour advisory council, to do so without further
delay.

President Shagari said that this was necessary to enable the council to con-
tinue the formulation of labour policies in the:country.

cso: 3400/281

53



of the two countries and training of Angolan technicians in the USSR. The
agreement was signed by Jose Maria Abrantes, general director of ANGOP, and
by Alexandre Baranov, first vice director general of TASS. [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Oce 82 p 2] 6362

ENERGY DELEGATION TO CUBA-~Carlos Alberto dos Santos, vice minister of energy,
will leave today for a working visit to the Republic of Cuba. Dos Santos will
lead a Ministry of Energy delegation in discussions with Cuban officials.
[Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Oct 82 p 2] 6362

CABINDA BRIDGE REPAIRS DELAYED--Cabinda--According to what ANGOP [ANGOLAN
NEWS AGENCY] learned from the Provincial Delegation for Construction, repair
work on the bridge over the Chiloango River (Cacongo), begun in August 1982,
is stopped inasmuch as the only crane in the country is engaged in other
activities. The same source further stated that this is the fourth time that
the bridge has been out of commission because its supports are many years old
and made of iron, a material vulnerable to rust. It is therefore essential
the the present supports be replaced by concrete supports to give the bridge
greater physical resistance. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
23 Oct 82 p 9] 8568

OIL MINISTER QUESTIONS GULF--Angolan Petroleum Minister Pedro Van Dunem (Loy)
made an official visit of a few hours to Cabinda last Friday within the scope
of the activities of his ministry. Shortly after his arrival, the Angolan
leader met with Deputy Provincial Commissioner Jose Sumbo with whom he dis-
cussed questions associated with the activities of Cabinda Gulf. The meeting
was also attended by various groups representing the Angolan administrative
staff of the Cabinda Gulf oil company and by the provincial delegate of the
Ministry of Petroleum. Later, before leaving Cabinda, Pedro Van Dunem visited
the Congresso Hotel, one of the country's best, where he received a briefing
on the hotel's conditions and operation. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in
Portuguese 23 Oct 82 p 9] 8568

CABINDA PARTY CELLS SITUATION--A seminar, whose aim was to qualify cadres for
the organization departments [DORGAN] of the municipal committees of the
Cabinda Province Party, was held Wednesday at corporate headquarters in
Cacongo under the direction of Emilio Homem, DORGAN's provincial coordinator.
The meeting, whose objective was to analyze certain questions relating to the
work of the file clerk and statistician with regard to the party's members,
arose from the need to achieve better operation within the party which was
experiencing inadequacies and weaknesses in the activities of the MPLA-Labor
Party's cells. Questioned by ANGOP, Emilio Homem disclosed that Cacongo now
has 15 party cells comprising 97 members. "This is a rather low number,"

the provincial leader said and added that it is possible that Cacongo will have
more party members in the future inasmuch as a number of promotional campaigns
are to be conducted. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Oct 82
Pp 9] 8568

15



Over the years, studies undertaken by some West European organizations have
indicated that Nigerian sub-bituminous coal and lignite are suitable sources
of high energy because of their relatively high calorific value.

But according to corporation officials, no specimen of coal has yet been found
in Nigeria suitable for producing coke to work metals, although it is proposed
that in operating the Ajaokuta blast furnaces, a blend of Nigerian and im-
ported coal would be used.

However, Dr C.1. Ezekwe and Professor A.0. Odukwe, of the Department of Mechani-
cal Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, say that previous studies

have indicated that only a maximum of 25 to 30 percent of Nigerian coal can be
used in such blends. They also say that exploration is being undertaken to

to search for cokeable coal which some geologists think exists in Nigeria.

Other work is going on elsewhere in the area of coal utilization, notably at
the Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Enugu, where a low temperature
coal cabonization project has been implemented. PRODA officials say that
their work is directed at finding ways of extracting by-products such as
domestic gas, dyes and plastics.

There are about 270 million tons of proven coal reserves in Nigeria and even
larger quantities of unproven reserves. The largest reserves are thought

to exist in Benue State, while the main body of coal is found within the
Anambra River basin. Cola has also been discovered in the Lafia-Obi area of
Plateau State, and near Gombe in Bauchi State. Lignite or brown coal exists
in a belt stretching from the lower Cross River to Onitsha, Ogwashi~uku,
Okitipupa and beyond.

It is estimated that by 1985 the country's coal mines should yield 2,575,000
tons of coal. Most of this will be consumed by large coal-fired power sta-
tions and by the Ajaokuta steel mills. The proposed Benue power station is
also expected to burn 1,600,000 tons of coal every year, while Ajaokuta
should consume a further 400,000 tons. The remainder will be used by the
Nkalagu cement factory and by the Oji power station, which is to be expanded
to a capacity of 120 megawatts from its present 30 megawatts.

As the minister for mines and power recently indicated, Nigeria's lignite
reserves may also be tapped if a thermal power station of 1,200 megawatts
capacity is established at Onitsha. This should utilize a combination of
lignite and gas fuel.

To produce enough coal for all these projects will require not only new in-
vestmentsin mining technology but also large-scale expansion of the Enugu and
Okaba mines. It will also involve development of new open-cast mines at
Orukpa and Ogboyoga in Benue State.

As much as they are concerned about finding enough funds to meet the expected
commitments, mining authorities are also worried about service conditions in
the mines, particularly for miners. There has been a large-scale exodus of
miners, because of what an official described as "very poor service conditions."

44



There is also the question of better political support between the United
States and African countries. Nigeria at present exercises considerable in-
fluence in the OAU and ECOWAS, and is virtually an ex-officio member of the
frontline states. It would therefore seem that for America to realize its aims
in Africa, it requires closer cooperation with Nigeria.

But the Reagan Administration has been preoccupied with Central America, Poland,
the NATO allies and the Middle East. Meanwhile, African concerns, namely,
Namibian independence and the struggle forvmajority rule in South Africa,

have received only spasmodic and fragmented attention.

Two and a half years ago the assistant secretary of state for African Affairs,
Mr Chester Crocker, told the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee that the
Reagan Administration will give high priority to resolving conflicts in
Southern Africa, a region of strategic, political and economic importance to
the United States and the Western world.

He stressed: This administration believes it is important to stand together
with proven friends in Africa to work with our African friends to address the
sources of African instability.

What then has the United States done in resolving the thorny matter of Namibian
independence? And who are its proven friends? These questions arise, be-
cause in an American TV interview later, President Reagan described South
Africa as a friendly nation. He asked: Can we abandon a country that has

stood with us in every war we've ever fought, a country that is strategically
essential to the free world in its production of minerals we all must have?
But South Africa is a belligerent nation that has invaded Angola at least

five times since its independence in 1975, and has a 5,5000-man [sic] army
occupying the Cunene Province in southern Angola. It is also common knowledge
that mercenaries in Zaire have begun attacking northern Angola.

Yet the United States insists, that Namibia's independence is linked with the
withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola, and without an agreement on their
withdrawal, there would be no settlement. There is also another unacceptable
condition, that of Walvis Bay, Namibia's most important port becoming South
Africa's after independence.

It is ¢lear that there is no real relevance between the two, that of troop
withdrawal and Namibian independence. But South Africa does, and the United
States which sees the spectre of communism everywhere, concurs. It is also
obvious that with South Africa's anti-SWAPO stance, if it can destroy supply
lines from Angola and Zambia and weaken the defence capabilities of these
countries, it would discourage assistance for SWAPO. Its goal is to have an
unpopulated strip of no-man's land on both sides of the Namibian border.

Some analysts have argued that South Africa's destabilization measures in
Angola, Zambia, Mozambique and evey Zimbabwe, are aimed at making frontline
states concentrate on defence and security. But this, ironically, necessitates
situations like Angola's which create openings for a Cuban presence.

48



NYERERE SAYS AGRICULTURE CENTRAL TO ECONOMIC PLANNING

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 21 Oct 82 pl

{Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Text]

years, he said.

CCM Chairman Mwalimu
Nyerere has said agriculture
must be central in economic
planning and that use of ‘fer-
tilizers and provision of better
implements are. major pre-
requisites for improved
production in the sector.

Mwalimu told the Second
Ordinary National Party Con-
ference in Dar es Salaam
yesterday that production of
major cash crops had declined
drastically in the past five
years because the agricultural
sector was neglected.

He said although the sector ac-
counted for the economic progress
made, little was done to develop
it. The other sectors continued to
plunder agricultural produce, con-
tributing nothing or marginally to
service agriculture, he said.

He said the 1967 Arusha
Declaration and the subsequent
Party policy booklet — Politics is
Agriculture — underscored the
importance of agriculture to the
national economy but that the
guidelines remained on paper
while lip service was paid to their
implementation.

He told the Conference that ex-
cept for coffee and tea, the produc
tion of al] major cash crops had
gone down. The downward trend
for cotton, sisal, cashewnut and
pyrethrum production wag a con-
tinuation of a decline which star-
ted in the 1960s, he said

He said cotton Jint purchases
declined from 67,100 tonnes in
1976/77 to 45,000 tonnes Jast vear
while sisal production decreased
from 133,000 tonnes to 73,000 ton-
nes, respectively.

Cashew production had fallen
by 55,300 tonnes over the five

77

“These figures cannot be at-
tributed solely to drought and,
although special explanations can
be given for the decline of each
crop, some more general ex-
planation has to be sought...”
Mwalimu pointed out.

He said despite the big fall in
agricultura) production which ac-
counted for more than 80 per cent
of the export revenue, little effort
had been made to revamp the sec-
tor.

“One would expect that
agriculture and the needs of the

agricultural producers would be,

the beginning and central

reference point for all our
economic planning... (But) instead
we have treated agriculture as if it
was something peripheral .:. or on
a par with al] the others (sec-
tors)...” he pointed out.

On farm implements, Mwal imu
said concrete action must be taken
to provide peasants with animal-
drawn ploughs, pointing out that
the poor economic. situation did
not allow the use of tractors.

He said there were 10,000 trac-
tors in the country of which only
3,000 were serviceable. Even if all
of them were operating and had to
be distributed evenly, each village
would get one tractor, he ex-
plained.

The Party Chairman said
agriculture continued to be based
on the hoe and that no effort was
taken to change the situation ex-
cept for debates on whether the
hoe was the: best tool at the
moment or should be replaced by
the tractor.

“We give greater priority to
luxury cars than to getting trac-
tors and we pay no attention to
the provision’ of agricultura) im-
plements which are intermediate
between the hoe and the tractor,”

_he_said.

TANZANIA


Answer: We have to divide this question into two parts, because many of us
occasionally like to exaggerate a little regarding the war situation we are
experiencing, just to camouflage our own mistakes, our own lack of organization
and even our disregard of party directives. This often happens..."

There are, in fact, counterrevolutionary gangs in Huambo Province. In my own
analysis, this is not an important impediment to the economic and social
development of the province. Many of the problems can be resolved. We can in
fact reduce the area of action, the area of contamination by the counter-
revolutionaries. As I said in the beginning, given an area in Mungo Municipio,
for instance, where we are unable to supply the people with salt, or soap, or
dried fish, where in the city itself we cannot open the store more than twice
a week, in that area enemy propaganda is, to a certain point, still believed
They say: "The MPLA is not solving the problem of hunger; you are hungry."
Well, how far can any human being go--party member or not, but a human being--
how long can he continue to say “it is not true, you are lying, you are counter-
revolutionaries and you are lying." And this in fact iswhat stymies us the
Most. The factory does not have raw materials; the peasants do not have
fertilizer or seed to be able to produce. So the counterrevolution comes in
and succeeds in influencing them.

This is the most important factor. If we could have solved some problems,
regardless of the war imposed on us by South Africa, I think that what our
enemies are trying to do (now in Bunjei) would never have been possible.
Actually, because we have this negative situation, it favors the infiltration
of the enemy, who comes in and places bombs--one, two times-~in the city, who
sabotages this or that rail junction. This is blocking the economic and social
development of the province. Unfortunately, some central agencies fail to
support the province in solving the problems, and there are still some mistakes
and some disorganization, and we in the province cannot say we haven't made
these mistakes, that we are not disorganized.

Question: Armed enemy action sometimes causes the exodus of large numbers

of people from their place of origin. How do you assess this problem and what
means have been mobilized to reduce the effects which this can have on the
normal development of the province?

Answer: The question is linked to the previous question. Actually, the
existence of counterrevolutionary gangs dictates a certain fluctuation among
the people. As we all know, most of the people in Huambo are peasants. For
example, when we say that Huambo Province needs 5,000 tons of fertilizer at
the beginning of the agricultural year, not many people can believe it. Well,
instead of 5,000 tons, they give us only 2,000 tons of fertilizer. And when
this small amount of fertilizer is delivered to the people and the enemy shows
up, the people are forced to abandon everything and take refuge in other

areas that are more secure, and this really leads to the situation which we
are experiencing. In every way possible, at the level of all the agencies,
both the defense and security organs and economic and social agencies, we have
tried to alleviate this situation. But it is not so easy without a certain
amount of understanding--it cannot be said too much--by certain central organs
regarding some problems of Huambo Province. We think, perhaps as the result

10



NIGERIA

CENTRAL BANK REPORTS JUNE 1982 MONEY SUPPLY
AB231639 Lagos Domestic Service in English 1500 GMT 23 Nov 82

[Text] The Central Bank says that money supply in the country stood at

8,826.3 million naira during the month of June 1982. This shows an increase

of 221.8 million naira dr 2.6 percent over the level recorded in the correspond-
ing month of 1981. The report, however, showed a decline of 450.9 million
naira or 4.9 percent from the preceding month level. The decline in money
supply was reflected only in private sector demand and deposit components

as currency outside banks rose marginally by 9.4 million naira or 9.3 percent.

According to the Central Bank report, aggregate banking system's credit out-
standing to the domestic economy net rose by 190 million naira or one per-
cent to 18,971.1 million naira over the level a month earlier. And compared
to the figure for the corresponding month a year earlier, it rose by a huge
8,210 million naira or 76.3 percent.

Credits to government sector accounted fon 57.5 percent of the increase in
aggregate credit over the preceding month's level. Treasury bills outstanding
at 5,782 million naira since the end of December 1981 increased to 3,663 mil-
lion naira 178.9 percent over the level recorded in the corresponding month
of 1981. Commercial banks increased their holding of outstanding treasury
pills from 1,152.7 million naira in the preceding month to 1,659.6 million
naira in the reviewing month. Treasury certificates outstanding remained at
1,707.6 million naira as in the preceding month, but declined by 320 million
naira or 15.8 percent compared to the figure recorded for the corresponding
period a year earlier.

The indices of world prices, London quotation of cotton lint, groundnut,
groundnut oil, plam oil, rubber and soya beans were lower in the reviewing

month than their respective levels both in the preceding month and in the
corresponding month of last year.

cso: 3400/281

52



UGANDA

ZAIRE

Housing Official Says Dar es Salaam ‘Badly Planned’
(Brown Lenga; DAILY NEWS, 16 Oct 82)...........eeeeeeeee .

First State-Owned Supermarket To Open Next Month
(Charles Kizigha; DAILY NEWS, 16 Oct 82)........eceeeeeee

Nyerere Says Agriculture Central to Economic Planning
(Mkumbwa Ally; DAILY NEWS, 21 Oct 82)....ceesecceeeeceoes

Bank Governor Warns Higher Producer Prices May Not Raise
Farm Output
(SUNDAY NEWS, 17 Oct 82). .cceceecce cece cecesceeceeeeeeee

Indian, PRC Farm Implements Expected To Arrive Early December
(Betty Marealle; DAILY NEWS, 20 Oct 82).......ceeeeeeeeee

SAP Implementation Takes Off 'To Good Start’
(Rose Kalemera; DAILY NEWS, 18 Oct 82)......... see eeeees

Tanzanian, Japanese Road Fund Raising Talks at 'High Stage'
(Lucas Lukumbo; DAILY NEWS, 19 Oct{i82)..... ccc cee ee eee ee

THA To Acquire New SPM Next February To Replace Previous One
(Emma Faraji; DAILY NEWS, 19 Oct 82)...

Campaign To Publicize Locally Available Spare Parts
(Halima Shariff; DAILY NEWS, 22 Oct 82)..........

National Price Commission Increases Baby Food, Battery
Prices
(DAILY NEWS, 23 Oct 82)....... eee

Briefs
SIDO To Manufacture Plows
Housing Bank Officials Named
General Tire Staff on Unpaid Leave
Arusha Meat Price Increase
Bakwata-Muslim Community Dispute
Iringa Region Self-Sufficiency
Mwatex Closure
EEC Road Construction Aid
Phosphate Mining

New 'Peace' Measures Announced for Luwero District
(Kampala Domestic Service, 12 Nov 82)......... een sceseses

Country Has New Agricultural Credit Bank

(AZAP, 5 Nov 82) ......-e00e scenes dec e cece ee ecceeenes saeeee

75

76

77

79

80

81

82

83

84

90

91



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3400/184

products. Some exports were
also ‘i1ade to neighbouring
countries.

y Due’ to, unfavourable
‘economic situation the cor-
poration had to shelve plans
for the construction of .a
bitumen plant. However some
progress was made in its
plans to construct a “ube”
blending plant and
negotiations were successfully
concluded for the establish-
ment of the Kilwa ammonia
company for the manufacture
of urea.

In his report, the TPDC
General Manager, Ndugu
Sylvester Barongo said
because of the Iran-Iraq con-
flict, supply of petroleum to
Tanzania dwindled seriously,
making TPDC import the
lowest crude oil on record —
467,329 metric tons, when
compared to an average
650,000 tons.

During the year, Tanzania
exported 46,524 metric tons of
various petroleum products to
the neighbouring Rwanda and
Burundi, bringing in some
243.7 million/- compared to
only 12,043 metric tons worth
only 53.4m/- in 1980.

The internal consumption
of fuel oil increased in 1981
leading to a decline in the ex-
portable surplus of residual
fuel oil. The increase in fuel
oil consumption was mainly
due to the initiation in-
dustrial complexes, like the
Musoma textiles mill, and ex-
pansion of Mwatex mill and
cement plants.

Residual fuel oil exportable
surplus in 1981 was 34,104
metric tons, worth 47.6
million/- compared to 92,740
metric tons, valued at 166.2
smillion/- in 1980.

69



Cn
|
|

MAURITIUS

PSM PRESIDENT INTERVIEWED ON PARTY'S ROLE IN GOVERNMENT
Port Louis HORIZONS NOUVEAUX in French 3-10 Oct 82 pp 3, 12
[Interview with PSM President Parsooramen, Date and place not given,.]

[Text] [Question] Mr Parsooramen, the Mauritian Socialist Party (PSM) of
which you are president has been in existence for 3 years, Would you please
tell us about the PSM's progress since its establishment in 1979?

[Answer] The PSM came about after the expulsion of our three comrades, who
found themselves faced with two alternatives: to join an already existing
political party or form another political party, thus responding to the
people's desire at that time for creation of a third force. After careful
consideration, the three expelled comrades, with the counsel of a team of
advisers, decided to establish a third force. Four comrades joined forces

at the outset of this task to form the PSM: Seenyen, Maudarbaccus, Ruhee and
myself, We traveled a difficult road. In view of the disseusion, our three
comrades ran into many difficulties; they saw their strength reduced from 14
to only 3. Despite the difficulties and the pressure, our comrades persisted,
and finally their sincerity enabled them to overcome the obstacles, With the
help of the three dissenters' comrades in action, the PSM was born, We know
that it was not easy to sustain a small party on the political scene, The
comrades' work and the leader's devotion bore fruit, and the party became a
credible national party on the Mauritian political chessboard,

[Question] As you have stated, the dissenters had the choice of joining an
existing political party or forming a new one. Why form another party when the
MMM was already responding to the socialist ideal, which the PSM also claims
to follow, and particularly since the MMM has stated through the voice of its
leaders that it has been, since its founding, the inheritor of the Labor Party
of 1936?

[Answer] The formation of the PSM was a desire of the people at that time,
They wanted a third force, a party which would contribute new ideas and a new
concept of politics, After the publication of the Glover Report, the people
felt a degree of disgust with politics. All this contributed to the formation
of a third force. In June 1979, during a meeting at Rose-Hill on the Glover
Report, the 35,000 people present had voiced their approval of establishment

24



cso:

the Party and government officials
to ‘avoid conflicts when’ the
changes are effected.

Reverend Paulo Misigalo
(Tabora Urban) said the Govern-
ment should thoroughly evaluate
mistakes committed under the
decentralisation. of government
machinery to ensure that these
were not repeated in the new set-
up. o> : -
Ndugu Tobi Mweri (Pangani)
said the provision for regional
commissioners to become ex-
officio MPs should be reviewed.

He said under the amended
Party Constitution, regional Party
secretaries will be picked from
members of the National
Executive Committee (NEC).
“Why then should the RC get a
bye to the National Assembly?”
he wondered,

Winding vp. the debate, Ndugw
Msuya sid regional -com-
missioners appointed under the
amended ‘Republic Constitution
would continue to be ex-officio
Members of Parliament until

‘relevant changes were made onTM

the Constitution.

He told the House that the ef-
ficiency of regional leaders would
largely depend. on co-operation
among the leaders and. between
them.’ and the people. He em-
phasised ~~ that laudable
achievements in development
sould not be. attributed ‘to-“im.

ividual leaders.

3400/184

67

_Ndagu Msuya said-. im+
ptententation ‘of ‘development ‘ac-
tivities had not always -been
smooth but he pointed ‘out that
apart from isolated cases of bad
leadership, the. problem lay in abs
sence of objective tools for
assessing performance.

He told the House that the
Government would appoint
regional leaders on the basis of ing
dividual: skills and management
capability but cautioned that this,
would not always mean academio.
qualifications. yi

Meanwhile, the House last®
night passed’ ‘three other bills»
They are a Bill to amend certain
written laws tabled by Justice;
Minister. Julie Manning, a Bill ta:
establish a national geographical;
names standardization committee,
presented by Lands, Housing and,
Urban Development Minister
Mustafa Nyang’anyi and a Bill to
establish the national institute of
transport tabled by Deputy.
Minister for Communications and
Transport, Ndugu Guntram
Itatiro. .

Members of Parliament will
today elect a national MP ta
replace . Ndugu _ Benjamin

apa, former Minister for
Information and Culture, wha
was appointed Tanzanian High
Commissioner to Canada.

The election will take place

soon after Question Time. _



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SOUTH~AFRICA-LESOTHO MEETING--The South African-Lesotho intergovernmental
committee has held its third meeting in Maseru. Among the topics discussed
were the pattern of traffic along the border between Lesotho and the Province
of Natal, particularly in regard to drug smuggling and cattle rustling, and the
recognition of border posts. The official also reviewed cooperation between
South Africa's farmers; cooperatives and Basotho farmers in the implementation
of the self-sufficiency production program in Lesotho. The visiting South
African delegation was led by Mr Raymond (Kern), the head of the Africa
Division in the Department of Foreign Affairs, and the Lesotho delegation

by the secretary to the Cabinet and senior permanent secretary,

Mr. Joseph (Khotsokoane). [Text] [MB181725 Johannesburg International Service
in English 1500 GMT 18 Nov 82]

JOB REDUCTION CRITICIZED--South African employers are using the economic down-
turn as an excuse for cutting back on their labor force at will. That's the
claim made by representatives of two large trade unions. Carmen Ricard has
details. [Ricard] Representatives of two giant unions have made this accusa-
tion in the wake of last week's announcement of cutbacks by ISCOR [South
African Iron and Steel Corporation]. General secretary of the South African
Boiler Makers Society, (Ak Van Der Watt) reacted sharply to ISCOR's decision.
A report in a Durban morning paper quotes him as saying that employees have
become so afraid of retrenchment that they are prepared to accept any action
by management if this meant they would safeguard their jobs. Director of the
Confederation of Metal and Building Unions (Ben Nicholson) says that many
employers, including ISCOR, he says, are using the present economic conditions
as an excuse behind which to disguise streamlining of their labor force. Both
(Nicolson) and (Van Der Watt) have slammed the Metal Industries Employers
Association [words indistinct] because it did not allow retrenchment control
to be included in their industrial council agreement. Carmen Ricard, CAPITAL
NEWS, Durbin. [Text] [MB230807 Umtata Capital Radio in English 0600 GMT

23 Nov 82]

ANGLICAN SYNOD--The provincial synod of the Anglican church has opened in

Port Elizabeth. The church's executive committee has rejected suggestions that
there should be no dialogue with those attempting to justify apartheid on
theological grounds. Sandra Smith reports: [Smith] This week's synod and
decisions taken are particularly important in view of the self-examination

60



BOTSWANA

BRIEFS

FRENCH ASSISTANCE--The president, Dr Masire, said on Wednesday that he knew
that France was going to participate in the development of our country. The
president was addressing journalists at a news conference which folded up his
4-day state visit to France. Dr Masire discussed both economic and political
issues ranging from Franco-Botswana cooperation and the Namibian independence
stalemate. On the Namibian question, which he discussed with the French
president, Francois Mitterrand, Dr Masire said he was still disappointed that
the five-nation western contact group--Canada, France, Britain, West Germany
and the United States--had not'made any progress toward the implementation

of resolution 435, Another landmark in the development of Franco-Botswana
cooperation was the signing of a cultural, technical and scientific coopera-
tion agreement in Paris. It was signed by the minister of finance and develop-
ment planning, Mr Peter Mmusi, and the French minister for cooperation,

Mr Jean-Pierre Cot. According to Botswana's. chief economist, Mr (Mkubesiela),
the cooperation will include cultural exchanges, training of Botswana students
in France, and technical assistance in the form of French experts coming to
Botswana. The president, Dr Masire, called on her majesty, Queen Elizabeth IT
and the British prime minister, Mrs Margaret Thatcher, yesterday evening. He
is still on a private visit in London, and will spend the next 3 days resting.
He leaves for the OAU summit in Libya on Monday afternoon. The summit starts
on Tuesday 23d to the 26th. [Text] [MB191408 Gaborone Domestic Service

in English 1125 GMT 19 Nov 82]

cso: 3400/309

17



MAURITIUS

BERENGER URGES CONFIDENCE IN PRIME MINISTER, HOPE FOR ECONOMIC RECOVERY
Port Louis LE MAURICIEN in French 27 Oct 82 pp 1, 5, 8

[Report on 26 October press conference of Minister of Finance Paul Berenger;
conducted in his office]

[Text] Mauritius has every chance of an economic recovery, Minister of
Finance Paul Berenger said at a press conference held in his office yesterday.
Berenger made few political statements, but he emphasized "strongly" that

"the people of Mauritius must retain complete confidence in our prime minister,
Aneerood Jugnauth," and that the government will be "homogeneous and stable."

In order to prove that Mauritius’ chances remain intact, he stressed the

fact that the World Bank has confidence in the new Mauritian Government, as
shown by the number of persons now on missions in Mauritius and by the tone of
the letter sent to regional director Gue.

Berenger also spoke of his project to obtain a 1-billion-rupee loan in order
to begin production projects that would increase the country's wealth, not to
be swallowed up in prestige projects "as was the case under the former govern-
ment, which," he said, "wasted the massive loans contracted abroad." However,
Berenger said, the conditions for the 1-billion-rupee loan ‘have not yet been
drawn up, which means that we are not yet sure of obtaining the money. He
summoned the private sector this afternoon to discuss it. Berenger said yes—
terday that he expects the private sector to play its full role within the
framework of the government effort to obtain the loan and use it for the crea-
tion of jobs. However, he warned the country’ against euphoria after the de-
pression of the recent political crisis. "The country will not recovery in
one or two years," he emphasized, although projects can be initiated before
the end of the year and the following-:months in order to begin the economic
recovery.

Berenger stated immediately that he was holding a press conference as minister
of finance and that the prime minister would soon address the nation. He
reminded those present that the budget he had approved three months ago was
above all a budget of economic recovery. "I said and I repeat that the re-
covery of the economy, investments and employment depends first and foremost
on a psychological atmosphere. I am totally satisfied that a climate favorable
to the recovery has been created despite the burdensome economic heritage

34



NIGERIA

BRIEFS

EKWUEME ON IRAN-TRAQ WAR-~The vice president, Dr Alex Ekwueme, has restated
Nigeria's policy of noninterference in the internal affairs of other states as
well as the maintenance of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all na-
tions. Dr Ekwueme, who was speaking yesterday when the new Iranian ambassador
to Nigeria, Mr Menhaj Mohammed, paid him visit, called for an end to the con-
flict between Iran and Iraq. He remarked that in all conflicts in the Third
World countries, it is always the big powers and the industrialized countries
that gain. The vice president, therefore, urged developing countries to re-
sist all attempts by the super powers to divide them. Earlier, the ambassa-
dor had explained that his country was a victim of aggression by Iraq which
has destroyed many lines and properties. He remarked that Iraq has not acted
alone in its war with Iran, but with the help of big powers, pointing out

that the territorial conflict between the two countries was settled at a
peace conference in Algeria in 1975. [text] ][ABO021041 Lagos Domestic Ser-
vice in English 0600 GMT 2 Nov 82]

SEPTEMBER OIL PRODUCTION--Lagos, 5 Nov (AFP)--Nigeria produced about 1.5 mil-
lion barrels of oil daily’in October, well up on the September figures, Oil
Industry sources said here today. Daily production in September averaged

1.17 million barrels, setting the average daily figure for the first nine
months of the year at just over 1.27 million barrels. Nigeria's production
quota is 1.3 million BPD under restrictions set by the Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC). [Excerpt] [AB051625 Paris AFP in English 1523

GMT 5 Nov 82]

PAPERS' SUGGESTIONS ON RIOTS--The NIGERIAN TIDE sees the last week religious
riots in Maiduguri and Kaduna as posing a great danger to the stability of
this nation. In the view of [the] paper, if something drastic is not done
now to control ugly situation the country may one day wake up to find that the
basis for the association that binds the people of this nation together has
been destroyed. Concluding, the TIDE stresses that the time has come when
religion should be confined to the mosques, churches and special parks, other-
wise the country will be openly inviting the army from the barracks to prevent
the destruction of the federation. And still on the Maitatsine surge which
errupted in Borno and Kaduna State last week, the NATIONAL CONCORD is of the
opinion that it was a presidential carelessness by granting discretionary
prerogative of mercy to 1,000 convicts connected with the Maitatsine uprising
in 1980. The paper says that the situation now calls for the much-discussed

54



GUINEA

SEKOU TOURE DISCUSSES NATION'S FOREIGN POLICY, OAU CRISIS
Conakry HOROYA in French No 2935, 12-18 Sep 82 pp 7-13

[Interview with Guinea President Ahmed Sekou Toure by Mr Lacote,
AFP correspondent in Dakar; date and place not specified]

[Excerpts] Lacote: Mr President, in the past you have often criticized
French policy and French political parties, Can you tell us what your
relationship is today with the Socialist Party which has been in power in
France for 1 year?

President Sekou Toure: Our relationship with the Socialist Party is good,
The invitation that the president of the French Republic and leader of the
Socialist Party was kind enough to address to us is proof of this and our
enthusiastic response is also an indication of our sincere desire to have all
the contact necessary for a greater understanding in order to confirm the
sentiments of confidence, friendship and respect, and to strengthen the bases
for cooperation on many levels between France and Guinea.

We will be very pleased to have broader discussions with the leadership of

the French Socialist Party, We have desired this on many occasions as we

are more of a politician than an administrative figure and we value our
functions as leader of the Guinea National Revolution more highly than those
as president of the People's Revolutionary Republic of Guinea. In other words,
we would like to be and to remain a servant and a soldier of the revolution
throughout our life,

Lacote: Mr President, you have recently made several trips abroad, not
just in Africa, but especially to West Germany and to the United States,
How can Guinea's foreign policy be defined at present?

President Sekou Toure; Guinea's foreign policy has always been clearly

defined, Guinea wants to cooperate with all the nations in the world on an
equal basis without any discrimination, In our opinion, considerations of
race, religion, or ideological or political options are not obstacles to

cooperation, And, since independence Guinea has maintained excellent rela-
tions with the Federal Republic of Germany while simultaneously it has had
excellent relations with the Democratic Republic of Germany and maintained

20



GENERAL TIRE STAFF ON UNPAID LEAVE--THE management of the Arusha-based
General Tyre (EA) Limited has ordered its staff in its ten branches in the
country to go on compulsory unpaid leave following the temporary closure of
its plant in Arusha due to lack of raw materials. Sources close to the com-
pany told Shihata in Dodoma yesterday that all the staff in the branches have
been notified of the decision. The compulsory leave is effective from Novem-
ber 1, this year. General Tyre is one of several factories in the country
which have been forced to close due to lack of raw materials. It was reported
about two weeks ago that production of tyres at the plant would be stopped
effective last weekend due to shortage of raw materials. An official of the
company was quoted as saying the factory would be closed until January next
year, but said tyre retreading would continue for about a month. This is the
second time the factory closes down in about a year. On November 7 last year,
the plant had to suspend production due to the same reason. General Tyre has
had to import tyres from Mozambique to supplement the local demand. [Text]
{Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 27 Oct 82 p 3]

ARUSHA MEAT PRICE INCREASE--THE prices of meat in Arusha Municipality has
been raised with effect from October 1, this year. According to a statement
issued by the Arusha Municipal Council Director, Ndugu D.J. Sebarua, the
changes had been prompted by complaints from meat sellers that they bought
cattle at high prices while that of meat remained low. The last review of
meat prices in the municipality was in February last year. Meat will now
sell at 30/- for a kilogramme of steak, fillet and liver, while beef with
bones will sell at 25/- a kilogramme. The old prices were 22/- for steak
fillet and liver, and 20/- for beef and liver, while beef with bones will
sell at 25/- a kilogramme. The old prices were 22/- for steak fillet and
liver, and 20 for beef and bones. a kilogramme of pork steak will sell at
30/- instead of 20/- while beef with bones will be sold at 25/- instead of
20/-. [Excerpt] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 27 Oct 82 p 3]

BAKWATA-MUSLIM COMMUNITY DISPUTE--A six-man team from the Muslim Council of
Tanzania (BAKWATA) leaves Dar es Salaam today for Iringa region to settle a
religions dispute between BAKWATA regional leaders and Muslim community. A
statement issued by BAKWATA said in Dar es Salaam yesterday that the team led
by Ndugu Mohamed Mussa would meet the leaders and see how they could solve
the dispute. The team would also meet the Muslim community. The statement
said that there have been complaints from the community on BAKWATA leadership,
however, it did not give further details. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS
in English 27 Oct 82 p 3]

IRINGA REGION SELF-SUFFICIENCY--CONCERTED efforts in implementing the Politics
is Agriculture (Siasa ni Kilimo) campaign have enabled Iringa Region not only
to become self-sufficient in food, but also to produce a surplus, the Second
Ordinary Party National Conference was told in Dar es Salaam yesterday. Dis-
cussing the address delivered by CCM CHairman Mwalimu Nyerere at the opening
of the Conference at the Diamond Jubilee Hall on Wednesday a delegate from
Iringa said the achievement was a result of frequent seminars and ad hoc cam-
paigns aimed at mobilising the peasants for increased agricultural production.
He said the region could now boast of a surplus in.maize (the main food crop
in the region), beans, potatoes, vegetables and livestock. "There is great

87



it teaches among other things that Prophet Mohammed was a (?false) prophet
but that Maitatsine, their leader killed in Kano, was a prophet, and that
prayers should be said only two times instead of five times each day.

They call themselves "Kala-Kato," a corruption of Arabic and Hausa which means
"the food of the strong men."

Certain practices by this sect are bizarre. It believes in for instance,
removing their victims eyes, ears, tongues, and toes to use for charms and
rituals. [words indistinct] From Maiduguri and Kaduna confirmed that "some
parts of their victims were neatly slashed by the fanatics."

It has been confirmed that some members of the fanatics are nationals of
neighboring countries such as Niger, Cameroon and Chad. They move into Ni-
geria in large numbers without any immigation formalities due to the spirit
of the ECOWAS treaty. "Uneducated" they are, and without any means of live-
lihood. They are easily mesmerized by the dogmas of religious fanatics
through which they get comfort and hope for "a better tomorrow."

There is now a growing feeling that the ECOWAS treaty in respect of free moye-
ment of citizens across member countries should be reexamined. Echoing this
on 1 November 1982 the Kaduna State legislature also called on the federal
government to reexamine this section of the treaty accord to request its
change since it now poses a danger to the peaceful existence of Nigeria.

The manner in which people responded to the attack by the fanatics in Kaduna
was unexpected and praiseworthy. When they realized that the [words indis-
tinct] Many vigilante groups were immediately formed. They took up the task
of chasing and arresting the fanatics, some of who were burned alive. There
were even reports of cases where some policemen pulled off their uniforms

and joined the vigilantes to avoid being detected by the fanatcis and they
helped in directing the graups. Such vigilante groups also searched vehicles
for fleeing fanatics and dangerous weapons.

On the second day of the operations in Kaduna some groups of people decided

to also destroy houses [words indistinct]. This action may be misunderstood
by the casual observers.. Since the [words indistinct] tension and anger
directed at lodges in general whose members are seen as responsible for most
of the reported cases of missing people. When asked why this action on the
lodge houses, one member of a group said, "We have to do this because they

too are dangerous to the society and the police have also failed to check their
activities."

The governor of Kaduna State, Alhaji Abubakar Rimi, was one of the many people
who expressed gratitude to the vigilante groups for their bravery in helping
the police. He congratulated the leader of the vigilantes who was present
when the governor was visiting areas affected by the violence.

Also speaking a day earlier in the House of Assembly, the member represent-

ing Tudun Wada, where the violence started, Alhaji Ali Danhassan, asked the
house to "join me in expressing gratitude to the vigilantes. Those we thought

41



TANZANIAN, JAPANESE ROAD FUND RAISING TALKS AT 'HIGH STAGE’

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Lucas Lukumbo]

[Excerpt]

NEGOTIATIONS *_ between
Tanzania and Japan aimed at
raising funds for the Kibiti-
Lindi road have reached a
“high stages';-according taithe
‘Minister "for: Wetks,' Nduigu
Samuel Slain: aot
~ MEP everythifig goes as pi
ned, we should be well on our
feet within the next two-and-
half. months”, the Minister
said ‘in an interview with
Shihata in Dar es Salaam at
the ‘weekend.

‘The ‘negotiations are cen-
tred on technical and spare
parts back-up, Ndugu Sitta
said. .

The Minister stressed that
the road will be built in
stages, the most important of
which -he said was the
requisite technical assistance
to get the project on foot.

“There is no ‘way we can
construct...-this project
awholesale”, Ndugu Sitta said.

“The road goes through the
most difficult terrain in the
country”, he added.

The second stage, he said,
was the construction of the
Nangurukuru-Kilwa | Masoko
stretch, With a bridge over
Matandu River which, ac-
cording to the Minister, is the
most difficult but crucial junc -
ture of the whole project:

Matandu River, which lies
20 kilometres from
Nangurukuru, has a flood
plain of five kilometres on
either side.

Construction of the 330-
kilometre road was scheduled
to start in July this year, but
due to the economic. strains
facing the country, has had to
be delayed.

The Minister, however, said
the Government was working
hard to get funds for the
project to take off before the
end of the yeat. :

CSO: 3400/184 ~

82

TANZANIA



SOUTH AFRICA

TRADE POSITION IMPROVES DESPITE SANCTIONS
MB181746 Johannesburg International Service in English 1500 GMT 18 Nov 82
[Commentary: "South Africa's Trade With Africa"]

[Text] According to reports from the United Nations, African states are con-
ceding privately that their most concerted campaign ever to isolate South Africa
has failed dismally.

Last year, these countries got the United Nations General Assembly to vote
1982 the international year for the mobilization of sanctions against South
Africa, and a ‘top level world conference to boost the effort was held in Paris.

But now African delegates at the United Nations admit that South Africa's
trading position is very much the same as last year. In fact, it is improving
steadily, and the irony is that the African states themselves are partly
responsible for the situation.

The South African Foreign Trade Organization, SAFTO, has just predicted a 13-per-
cent rise in the value of South Africa's non-gold export this year, while the
value of imports is expected to remain unchanged. Furthermore, SAFTO forecasts
a 19-percent rise in non-gold exports and an improvement in gold earnings for
next year, while imports are expected to drop, which will give the country a
substantial trade surplus of about 4,000 million dollars, compared with this
year's expected small deficit of 270 million dollars. South Africa's exports are
expected to total 22,000 million dollars next year.

During the past 2 years, South Africa's exports to no less than 46 African
states exceeded 1,000 million dollars, or about 6 percent of its total exports.
Imports from African countries last year increased by 30 million dollars to
almost 320 million dollars.

It is small wonder that South Africa's minister of industries, commerce and
tourism, Dr Dawie de Villiers, recently stated that international politics did
not really play a major role in international trade. SAFTO's general manager

Dr Piet (Kiese) points out that South Africa's African trade figures are based
only on direct exports. The indirect figure involving exports to Africa via other
countries could be up by another 500 million dollars. Dr (Kiese) considers there
is a vast, almost limitless market for South African goods in Africa. Exports
cover :a wide range of commodities, with food remaining the prime need. It, there-
fore seems that politics takes a back seat when Africa faces the realities of
market forces. For 46 African states, South Africa is the best market they need.

59
cso: 3400/309



THA TO ACQUIRE NEW SPM NEXT FEBRUARY TO REPLACE PREVIOUS ONE

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 19 Oct 82 p 1

[Article by Emma Faraji]

[Excerpt]

THE Tanzania Harbours

+ Authority (THA) is to acquire

a new Single Point Mooring
(SPM) system next February
to replace the nine-year old
Single Buoy Mooring (SBM)
used in transporting crude oil
from tankers.

According to the THA
Executive Chairman, Ndugu
Peter Macha, the SPM’s
components will begin
arriving this December after
which installation work
would start immediately. The
system is expected to be com-
missioned next February.

The new Buoy is a
Catenary Anchor Leg
Mooring (CALM) system
which will facilitate the
mooring and transferring of
crude oil from very large
tankers.

cso: 3400/184

83

_metres deep.

Ndugu Macha said that the
new SPM system, provided by
the American Marine Ter-
minals Company, IMODCO,
is to be purchased at 40.5
million /- (4.5 million dollars).

“The system is to replace
the old buoy which is now
aged and is to be taken for
overhauling when the SRM
arrives”, Ndugu Macha ex-
plained.

The old SBM will be
overhauled. and would serve
as a spare system for the new
SPM.

The new SPM to be
stationed offshore, is expected

to moor vessels of up to”

100,000 dead weight tons in
24.metres of water. It
measures 12.5 metres in
diameter and about four

TANZANIA



[Question] The latest PSM congress seemed to show that the party is not
well enough established in all four corners of the island, Would you
discuss your organization plans?

[Answer] I don't believe you can say that the PSM is not adequately
established in all parts of the island. Harish Boodhoo's contact with the
people and basic-level work across the island has enabled the PSM to become
established everywhere, Now we want to give the party more rational organiza-
tional structures--branches and district committees which will function
democratically, The party is strengthening its positions in all the districts
to keep the party dynamic and closer to the people,

[Question] How are your relations with the other political parties? Would
you comment on the recent purge within the Labor Party?

[Answer] We are convinced that the Labor Party will not be able to recover
after the rift which took place, The past is too great a burden and the
credibility nonexistent, They are still fighting each other for the leader-
ship even after the election, Officially, the PSM has no relations with the
other political parties, We do have contacts with individuals,

[Question] What is the PSM's official position on the issue of national
languages?

[Answer] We favor promotion of all the existing languages in Mauritius.

All these languages have contributed in one way or other to the enrichment
of the national culture, Our leader has said in this connection that we
must stop thinking in terms of Eastern or other languages, All the languages
have the same rights; the majority speak Creole, but there is also Bhopuri,
which is also widely spoken, The MMM/PSM policy is to give the same support
to both languages,

[Question] A question of a general nature, In the past, a number of scandals
were denounced by the opposition, However, now that it is in power, is the
opposition proving reticent to fully investigate certain scandals, the one
involving Air Mauritius, for example?

[Answer] We could not "devir tu anba lao" [turn everything upside down]
immediately after assuming office, The government has taken some measures and
several investigations are currently underway, However, we “pa kapav rul
peyi" [cannot rule the nation] solely with investigation commissions, The
people are justifiedly impatient, In time, we will assemble the new guard
and take the necessary measures,

[Question] We sometimes get the impression that, while the MMM is working in
the context of government policies, the PSM is working for partisan
interests,.,especially since the PSM is already talking about 1987 elections,

[Answer] I do not believe the PSM is operating with the viewpoint of
strengthening its political position, The PSM is operating within the

28



ANGOLA

SATISFACTORY PROSPECTS FOR PORTUGUESE TOURISM COOPERATION
Portuguese Official's Visit
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12 Oct 82 p 1

[Text] Baiao Horta, Portugal's secretary of state for tourism, will arrive in
Luanda today for a 4-day visit to our country at the invitation of the Angolan
authorities.

According to a communique from the Angolan Ministry of Home Trade, the
Portuguese secretary of state is to visit several of the country's hotel com-
plexes and schools in the provinces of Luanda, Huila, Huambo and Benguela,
and a protocol of cooperation will be signed between the two countries.

Baiao Horta will also attend an official reception given by Adriano Junior,
Angolan minister of home trade, with diplomas awarded to Angolan students who
passed courses in the administration of human resources and the management of
equipment, administered by the Portuguese Institute of Tourist Training.

As part of his visit, Baiao Horta will also hold a press conference with the
news media before leaving our country.

Private Consortium's Interest
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Oct 82 p1

[Excerpt] A group of Portuguese businessmen, comprising a consortium, is
interested in furnishing overall assistance to the Angolan sector of tourism and
hotelkeeping and, for this purpose, presented a proposal of its possibilities
to be studied by the proper authorities.

This information was given yesterday to ANGOP [ANGOLAN NEWS AGENCY] By Nandim
de Carvalho, Portuguese secretary of state for tourism and hotelkeeping, who
is in Luanda on an official visit and brought the proposal with him.

Nandim de Carvalho, heading a committee of four persons, is to represent the
Protuguese contingent in signing a protocol of cooperation in the field of
tourism and hotelkeeping between the two governments, valid for 2 years and
aimed principally at training management personnel for the hotel industry.



NIGERIA

COAL INDUSTRY PROBLEMS ANALYZED, PRODUCTION CALLED LOW
AB110918 Lagos NAN in English 0852 GMT 11 Nov 82
[NAN feature: "Revamping Nigeria's Coal Industry," by Anthony Okafor]

[Text] If the Nigerian Coal Corporation were a stock company, it is doubtful
whether its present poor performance could earn it a listing on the stock ex-
change. Production has fallen so low at its coal mines that at present less
than 3,000 tons of coal are produced each month.

According to corporation officials, there has been a steady decline for sey-
eral years. In 1981 total production per month from the Enugu and Okaba mines
was nearly 9,600 tons, while in 1980 it was 11,700 tons. By contrast, in
1958-59, the year of peak production, when coal was mined only at Enugu,
Nigeria produced 75,450 tons monthly, amounting to a total of 905,397 tons
that year.

That, however, was when coal occupied a leading place in Nigeria as the key
source of power for locomotive engines, power stations and boats. However,
in the early 1960's, when Nigeria introduced new energy policies, with the
large-scale use of diesel and hydroelectric powerplants, coal production
started to decline.

Plans mde by the federal government in the 1970's to salvage the coal in-
dustry began with the signing of a 20 million naira agreement in 1976 with
a Polish mining firm, KOPEX, to mechanize the two mines at Enugu.

This agreement has now been abrogated. According to the minister of mines and
power, Alhaji Ibrahim Hassan, the project is an “abysmal failure" undertaken
“without proper feasibility studies and development work."

Mining officials at Enugu say that the problems which bedevilled the Polish
project included inferior equipment, lack of spare parts, the inadequacy of
supporting services and the lack of training programs for Nigerian engineers.
Says one official, "Practically all the coal-face machines have now broken down,
and without spare parts to repair them, production is grinding to a halt." Ac-
cording to him, the only part of the Polish project that still works well is
the coal preparation plant which can wash 250 tons of coal per hour.

43



ANGOLA

PORTUGUESE PEOPLE EXPRESS SOLIDARITY WITH DONATION
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 13 Oct 82 p2

[Text] The Portugal~Angola Friendship Association [APA] has collected about
8.5 tons of foodstuffs, medical supplies, clothing and shoes, worth 15.29
million escudos, during the solidarity campaign which it has peen conducting
since the beginning of this year on behalf of the Angolan people.

During a press conference last Monday in the association's facilities in Lisbon,
APA president Daniel Matos reported that a petition with 5,000 signatures,
demanding the withdrawal of the South African troops from southern Angola, had
been delivered on that day to the Embassy of South Africa in Portugal.

Joaquim Cabral, secretary general of the Angolan League of Friendship and
Solidarity Among Peoples [LASP], praised the initiative of the APA and the
gesture of the thousands of anonymous contributors to the campaign. He
declared: "This gesture of the Portuguese people, which we have always seen as
that of a firm ally in our struggle against exploitation, and which does not
surprise us now at this difficult moment in our struggle, speaks to the heart
of the Angolan people." Cabral also said he was confident that our two peoples
will remain united in the future as they have been united in the past, working
together for world peace.

Daniel Matos stressed the popular nature of the campaign, declaring that it
was not supported just by the moneyed, but was a militant campaign, welcomed
and cherished by the Portuguese people, beginning with the most humble and dis-
advantaged. He lamented the hostile acts against the Angolan people which had
occurred while the campaign was in progress and called for prosecution of all
anti-Angolan activities in Portugal.

Although the campaign has ended, the APA is still receiving donations and con-
tributions for the Angolan people, and they will continue to be sent regularly
to Angola.

At this time LASP officials are in Portugal to pick up the proceeds of the
campaign and arrange for their shipment by air.

6362
CSO: 3442/29



[Question] The main concern in Mauritius now is employment. Are there pro-
jects already being carried out? Do you hope to create jobs by the end of the
year? Will the projects you want to finance by the 1-billion loan materialize
rapidly? What are your hopes for employment for the next 6 months?

[Answer] After being depressed by the political crisis, we must not go to the
other extreme of euphoria and a lack of realism. In order to correct the
balance of payment problem and solve the problem of unemployment, we need
several years. It cannot happen in 1, 2 or 3 years.. There are projects that
will begin before the end of the year, reconstruction of the Plaisance airport,
for example. Over the weeks and months to come, there are others, mainly
involving road construction. and hotel projects. The-recovery will engender
projects. With the proper.climate, the momentum has already begun. Not a
week has gone by without a new project being conceived. These are not major
projects, but several modest ones. However, taken as a whole, they can accom-
plish a great deal. It is certain that if -- and it is a big "if" -- if we
succeed in obtaining the loan of 1 billion rupees and if the private sector
plays its role fully, as it must, then it is clear that things can move more
quickly. And as for us, we shall do everything possible. Some of the projects
which I mentioned at a recent press conference as to be financed by that loan
could get underway very rapidly. But once again, I do not want to discourage
anyone, but I wish to repeat that we are determined to attack the problems

of the balance of payments and unemployment over the next 2 or 3 years and
beyond. .

[Question] Can you give us more details on the 1-billion-rupee loan? Are
you negotiating it with private banks or with other institutions?

[Answer] We are not putting all our eggs in the same basket. I have already
made contacts in several directions, but in no case does it involve loans
between governments. The possibility is of a loan from a financial institution,
not a bank, but a loan from financial institutions to the Bank of Mauritius.

If things turn out, the money could go through another bank in order to reach
the Bank of Mauritius. But we shall keep the people perfectly informed. We
shall work much harder on transparency so that there can be no accusation of
any commission or trickery. Once again, I must state that we are not yet sure
of obtaining the loan. Now the government of Mauritius will officially take
charge of it.

Past Loans

[Question] You said that the country must seek economic independence, but you
are negotiating loans with the World Bank and the IMF and you are undertaking
discussions for another 1-billion loan. To what extent do you believe that
these loans would help us regain our economic independence?

[Answer] In the past, the government that preceded us put the country heavily

into debt. But what is much more serious is that the money borrowed was
swallowed up in bank ptojects and squandered. The money we are going to borrow

37



BIE DEFICIENT ENERGY SITUATION-~Kuito--"The normal supply of electrical power
to Bie Province is dependent upon the volume of water in Kunge River where we
have the Kamacupa Dam or Kunge-1," Gualbino Rodrigues da Silva, provincial
delegate of energy, told ANGOP. In the dry season brought about by the lack of
rain, the water level drops, resulting in a corresponding decrease in the pro-
duction of electrical power. However, Gualbino da Silva gave another reason
for the decrease--namely, constant interruptions in the power supply due to the
present breakdown in four generators which normally produce a total of 1,480 kW.
Meanwhile, the Kunge-l Dam was designed to furnish 2,000 kW but at present
produces only two-thirds of its installed capacity; due not only to the low
volume of water but also to a breakdown in one of its units. "With the first
rainfall, already reported, this situation will soon be partially overcome,"

he said, "With regard to the breakdowns, the arrival of technicians is expected
at any moment and the spare parts are already in the province." According to
that official, a group of Czechoslovak technicians, part of a study plan to
increase the electrification of the country's central area (Bie, Huambo,
Benguela and Moxico), was recently in Bie where it participated in drawing up
a preliminary plan and analyzing the feasibility of Czechoslovakia's partici-
pation in finishing the Kunge-2 Dam project. The Kunge~1 Dam will furnish
power not only to Bie Province but also to that of Moxico. [Text] [Luanda
JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Oct 82 pp 1-2] 8568

CSO: 3442/28

16



of 3 years of personal experience in the province, that if we manage to com-
pletely eliminate the counterrevolution in Huambo Province, it will be prac-
tically non-existent before very long. Why? Because Huambo was the "cradle"
of the counterrevolution. Of every 10 families in Huambo Province, at least
7 or 8 have a family member or friend in the bush. If we really succeed in
solving this problem, the counterrevolution in our country will not have the
weight it has had up to now, which has given us certain problems.

But, despite our limited means, and with the help of some international agencies,
specifically UNICEF, which is helping us establish some communal villages

where we can settle these people, and some assistance from the International

Red Cross (unfortunately our own Red Cross does not have adequate means to play
its part), we have made efforts to minimize the migratory flow of our population.

Question: Comrade commissioner, can you tell us about the results to date of
the rural marketing campaign?

Answer: Generally, I can say that unfortunately we have not managed to meet
the quotas approved by our superiors. Why? For a simple reason: the incom-
prehension of certain officials, certain agencies, regarding the problem of
rural marketing. The late beloved President Agostinho Neto always said that
you do not cement the worker-peasant alliance by going to the countryside and
saying to the peasant: "Good, you are allied with the workers in the city."
You must provide that peasant, working alone or collectively, with the con-
sumer goods he needs, and, as I was saying, we did not fulfill the plan
approved by our superiors because the central agencies did not send us the
consumer articles that also had higher approval. We got absolutely nothing,
absolutely nothing. For example, of the 600 motor bikes planned for the mar-
keting campaign, we got only 468 (even though we have the bike factory here
in our province); of 2,241 tons of dried fish, we received only 204 tons. We
have the right to 460,000 blankets and we only received 20,000, and the list
goes on.

In other words, we did not get what we really expected from the central
agencies to carry out our marketing campaign, for various reasons. We were
later informed that there was an emergency plan to acquire some articles,
imported from the Middle East, for the countryside, but to date they have not
reached the country, and the marketing campaign is coming to an end. Despite
everything, we made an effort, using the means we had, including some motor
bikes and bicycles that were fixed up for the marketing campaign; we even went
to Kwanza-Sul to pick up some palm oil; we went to Benguela for dried fish, so
that we could in fact minimally insure the marketing campaign.

We had to guarantee 6,000 tons of "batata-rena" for the marketing campaign.

To date we have only managed 18 percent of this amount. We should have 5,000
tons of corn and we have only 7 percent of this. There should be 1,600 tons of
garden vegetables, and we have achieved just 17 percent of that figure. The
only product for which we have achieved even half the quota was in the mar-
keting of beef (827 tons, and we came up with 59 percent), pork (we have
marketed 76 percent of the 240 tons). Regarding goat meat, we have achieved
17 percent of the 70-ton quota.



Briefs
Legislative Council Officials Elected 93

ZIMBABWE

Strength of British Army Training Team To Be Increased
(THE HERALD, 21 Oct 82).... seeneee seeeeeeee 94

Serious Meal Shortage Reported Despite Maize Stockpile

(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 22 Oct 82).. eevee 95

Colin Bickle Forfeits Property to State

(THE HERALD, 16 Oct 82).... 96
Report on Top Companies, Economy Published
(Tony Hawkins; BUSINESS HERALD, 21 Oct 82).. 97

Briefs
Economy Priority Over Defense 115



so little relief can be ex-
pected from that quarter.
‘What is needed in 1983
to cushion the effects of
the economic downturn
‘and to try and restore the
economy to a pattern of
economic growth is a
pragmatic approach to
those internal problems
which we can do some-
thing about, such as"
rationalising the effects of
an increasing number of
new controls virtually all
of which have a direct
bearing, in one form or
another, on the — per-
formanée of the economy. _

Co-Operation is Key to Lome Success

THE first Lome Con-
vention (1975-1980) al-
ready contained provisions
‘on industrial co-operation
between the EEC and the
ACP (African, Caribbean,
Pacific) countries. In the
second Lome Convention
(1980-1985), of which
Zimbabwe became a full
member from April 1
1982, the provisions are
More precise and more
specific than those con-
tained in the first Con-
vention:

‘The central _ position
that industrial co-opera-
tion occupies in the policy
of co-operation between
the EEC and the ACP
states also reflects the
changes that are occurrin}
in international economic
relations, The developing
countries are playing an
increasingly important
part in the industrial pro-
duction and the inter
national trade in manufac-
tured products.

PARTNERSHIP
The ACP states regard
industrial co-operation as
essential if structures are
to be changed and a new
international economic
order created, thereby
establishing the genuine
partnership on which the
Lome Convention is based.
In order to promote in-
dustrial development ‘in
the ACP states, emphasis
in the Convention is

placed on:

1, Priority

sectors.
2. Creating or con-
solidating the bases for

industrial

107

Both private sector and
Government must con-
solidate their efforts in
working even more closely
together, as the future
long term success of Zim-
babwe rests upon all sec-
tors contributing their
ideas and expertise
towards creating an
economic climate which
has the potential of keep-
ing pace with providing
jobs for a growing pop-
ulation and spreading the
benefits resulting ‘from
economic advancement as

independent industrial de-
velopment in the ACP
states.

3. The financing of in-
dustrial development by
private investment.

It is up to the ACP
states to choose which in-
dustrial co-operation
schemes they would like
to see implemented under
the Lome Convention.

Precise guidelines are
set out in the Convention
for schemes aimed’ at de-
veloping or consolidating
the bases of industrial de-
velopment in the ACP
countries. These are, inter
alia:

Industria) training of ACP
uationals

‘Transfer of technology and
the development of ‘small
and medium-sized indus-
tries.

FINANCING

Generally speaking, all
the opportunities offered
under the Lome Con-
vention by way of finan-
cial co-operation can be-
nefit industrial co-opera-
tion programmes, projects
and schemes. However,
EEC financing for the
establishment or extension
of industries in the ACP
states is provided first
and foremost from the
European Investment
Bank.

The European in-
vestment Bank (EIB) was
created by the Treaty of
Rome in 1958. The mem-
bers of the BIB are the
member states of the
EEC who have all sub-
scribed to its capital. The
bank raises the bulk of its_



NATIONAL ASSEMBLY PASSES BILL AMENDING REPUBLIC CONSTITUTION

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Oct 82 p 1

[Excerpt]

THE National Assembly yesterday unanimously passed the Bill seeking

TANZANIA

to amend the United Republic Constitution with regard to the appointment of

district and regional government leaders.

Under the amendments tabled by the Prime Minister, Ndugu Cleopa Msuya, dis-
trict and regional commissioners will no longer be Party secretaries as well.

Introducing the Bill, Ndugu
Msuya said the move .was
based on the Party decision to
separate: the two positions at
the district and regional
levels,, and with a view to
facilitating
plementation of Party and
Government decisions in the
regions. .

He explained that. the
change was only related to the
appointment procedures and
that the roles of -the govern-
ment and Party would remain
intact.

During. the debate, the
Member of Parliament for
Monduli, Ndugu. Edward
Sokoine, said the proposed
change would clearly define
the responsibility of Party and
government leaders and en-
sure accountability of the lat-

ter.

Ndugu Sokoine pointed out
that the country had clearly
defined development policies
but that the major short-
coming had been poor im-
plementation caused by Jack
of clarity on the responsibility
and accountability of the im-
plementors.

The MP, who is a former
Prime: Minister, said under
the new system Parliament
should have more powers over_

smooth im.

66

government: officers and
should help the Party in over-
seeing government functions.

He pointed out, however,
that the vesting of Party and
government powers in one
person at the district and
regional levels was’ necessary
to safeguard Party supremacy
in the past.

The MP urged the Government
to revitalise the Civil Service with
emphasis on discipline and ef-
ficiency. —
Rashid Kawawa said the
decision to separate Party and
government powers in the regions
had the major aim of emphasising
Party supremacy. :

‘He said! . the “proposed -con-
titutional changes’ would distinc-
tly project. the roles of Party and
government ’.institutions. but' that
co-operation between
them was vital for im-
proved performance.

Ndugu Leons Ngalai
(Rombo). said regional’. com-
missioners appointed after the
changes should not preach the
Party policy but that they should
seriously ‘concentrate on im-
plementation of Party directives.

He said the appointments
should be ‘strictly on merit.

The MP for Rufiji, Ndugu
Hemedi: Mkali underscored the
need to clearly define the roles of



them with the same concern, And our most recent visit upon the invitation
of our colleague, the German president, was very satisfactory, We noted the
total availability of German authorities and the willingness of German
enterprises to cooperate with Guinea in various areas, We must say that we
were extremely satisfied with our visit to the Federal Republic of Germany,
as well as with the visits we have just made to Spain and to the United
States of America,

In both countries the results were also excellent and we reported to the
international press the considerable improvement in relations between our
country and the United States of America; although this was not an official
visit, the conditions under which it was conducted were much better than
those of the three state visits that we have made to the country, In other
words, we were struck by the degree of confidence and friendship that the
American authorities displayed toward us,

Lacote; Mr President, next year you are to arrange the OAU summit meetings
of the chiefs of state, But, this organization is currently in the midst

of a rather serious crisis, How do you plan to resolve it and to be able

to assure the normal functioning of the presidency that you are to assume and
of next year's summit? :

President Sekou Toure; We must tell you that the OAU is the work of all the
nations which wanted to form it and also of those who joined it after its
establishment, Its normal operation has therefore been based so far upon

a common desire on the part of the independent nations of Africa, And the

OAU still remains a necessary, if not essential tool for cohesiveness and
cooperation on the continent, For our part, we consider the safeguarding of
the OAU and its regular operation as a personal honor, having traversed the
continent in 1962 and 1963 to ask our colleagues at the time to agree to a joint
meeting, the very one which gave birth to the OAU in Addis Ababa,

The current crisis was foreseeable. It was related to contradictory inter-
pretations of various OAU provisions. Furthermore, we think that after the
failure of the attempts for meetings in Tripoli, all the African governments
have recognized the importance of the OAU; for if it were to disappear, it
would be a shame for every African nation, We are therefore convinced that
the psychological and political conditions exist to bring the Africans around
in order to close the gap which currently divides them and to restore lift to
the OAU.

And, as we have already indicated, as far as we are concerned, the Saharan
Democratic Arab Republic is not yet an independent and sovereign state and
therefore cannot be considered a member of the OAU. Let us not confuse a
political movement, whatever the honesty of its intentions, with a decoloniza-
tion movement, As far as we are concerned, the Western Sahara was de-
colonized by the signing of the treaty in which the reigning colonial power
of the time, Spain, agreed to terminate its administration after having
recognized the legitimacy of Morocco's and Mauritania's claims to the

Western Sahara, This treaty had been adopted by the same African nations

21



ANGOLA

DEPARTING HUAMBO COMMISSIONER ADMITS POOR RESULTS
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 14 Oct 82 p 3

[Text of press conference with Lt Col Santa Andre Pitra, departing commissioner
of Huambo Province, date and place not specified]

[Text] A few days before leaving his post as commissioner
of Huambo Province and coordinator of th party Central
Committee, Lt Col Santa Andre Pitra (Petroff) granted

an interview with the national news media, regarding his

3 years as the highest official of Huambo Province. At

the newsmen's request, he also gave detailed explanations
regarding the political-military situation, with par-
ticular emphasis on the combat against counterrevolutionary
actions and agents.

Petroff called attention to the necessary “dialectical
connection" that should exist between the effort to
eliminate counterrevolutionary pockets and gangs, on
one hand, and the resolution of the social and economic
problems of the people, on the other.

The former commissioner of Huambo Province (currently
Central Committee secretary for the productive sector
and People's Assembly deputy) also gave an accounting
of the most important actions taken in economic and
social areas, and noted the "new dynamism" observed in
party activities.

Following is the full text of his statements to the MDM
[expansion unknown].

Question: What are the problems in Huambo Province now, as you assume other
duties after 3 years as provincial commissioner?

Answer: To some people, 3 years could seem like a long time, but it is very
little time for Huambo Province, considering that the province has the highest
population density and the second largest industrial park in the country, and



will define the national objectives, and the private sector will operate in

that framework, As a result, our joint program (MMM/PSM) proposes socialization
of the means of production, We have defined our policy, especially in regard

to nationalization, control of the economy--the role of the private sector in

a mixed economy, Even the MMM has recognized that a considerable number of

its 1976 goals have been in practice impossible to implement immediately, It

is a matter of stages and preparations for the profound changes to come,

The implementation of the joint program will produce an evolution toward the
system we envisage,

[Question] What is the PSM's assessment of the 3 months of joint government?

[Answer] Certainly, when we grasped the economic and social realities of our
country, our perspective changed, The government has achieved a great number
of things in 3 months, particularly in new legislation to the benefit of the
workers, It is also true that the people expected immediate changes, and more
drastic changes, such as creation of jobs,..etc, After comprehending the
country's economic realities, we found ourselves in a difficult concrete
situation, We sincerely believe that all the ministers, and the government
in general, are performing in an exemplary fashion and that these efforts will
bear fruit in the near future, The current situation is not insolvable,

[Question] It is the perception of a considerable element of the public,
wrongly or rightly, that the PSM, while saying that it wants to play a moderat-
ing role in the government, in fact operates as an obstacle to change,

What is your comment on this?

[Answer] The prime minister made a statement on Wednesday on the subject

of an alleged Libyan loan of 9 billion rupees, and at the same time affirmed
that there was no pressure by any alliance partner, There is a government
in power and there is the collective responsibility. It is not accurate to
say that the PSM is operating as a brake on implementation of measures, I
believe that this is a systematic campaign of denigration of the PSM. We
do not, at this point, know the origin of this campaign. The PSM ministers
have taken very tough decisions--the minister of cooperatives has
dismissed,,.etc,

[Question] To get back to this 'campaign,' The PSM has indicated in its
statements that the campaign is probably produced by pro~Libyan elements, by
the press, implicitly by the MMM, by supporters of South Africa, and even by
the Labor Party, since jealousy has been mentioned, Does this, in effect,
mean objectively that there is a general dislike of the PSM?

[Answer] We believe that this is a well-planned campaign with a clear
objective to benefit one political element. It is a fact that we have to live
with, and we will strive to prove ourselves by sincerity in our work, The
people will judge on the basis of the work accomplished, Rumors and palaver
are one feature of politics,

[Question] Let us turn to a subject other than the campaign. There have
been some attitudes on the part of the PSM leaders themselves which have been,

26



SERIOUS MEAL SHORTAGE REPORTED DESPITE MAIZE STOCKPILE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 22 Oct 82 p 3

[Text]

cso:

_ Year,

DESPITE Zimbabwe's huge stock-
pile of raw maize there is a con-
firmed and serious shortage of
processed roller meal in Matabele-
land which is worrying the Govern-
ment, the Christian Care Relief
organisation and millers generally.

‘The shortage is largely due to the
severe drought last summer which
hit subsistence farmers badly and
to distribution problems for roller
meal, in increasing demand.

‘All mills in the country are
working to capacity — but most
are in Mashonaland. They are
reported now to be sending 400
tonnes of roller meal per week to
Bulawayo to meet the milling
shortfall but the demand | is
outstripping supply.

SUBSIDISED PRICE

Several farmers and millers also
believe the shortage is partly due to.
the cheap, subsidised price of $90
per tonne for roller meal.

But whatever the combination
of reasons, the position in Matabe-
leland is unlikely to improve until
good rains enable a new maize crop
to be grown and harvested in
Matabeleland by February next
when subsistence farmers
could rough-grind their own maize.

‘At present the general milling
capacity to produce roller meal
cannot be increased appreciably,
or at all.

Mr Keith Watt, president of the
Millers Association, said in Harare_

3400/189

this week that all mills: were
running to full capacity.

“We are going flat out to
produce all the maize-meal we can
“to fulfil the growing demand,” he
said: ‘The only answer is to build
more mills but that will take time

and foreign currency.””

He said that a programme to
increase the country’s milling
capacity had been submitted to the
Government some time ago.

TAKEN UNAWARES

“But the drought took everyone
unaware. It could take up to two
years before a new mill could be in
‘operation even if a decision were to
«be taken today.”” .

‘He added that even if raw maize
were to be put through hammer-
mills to produce coarser, straight-
run maize this product would cost
more than the subsidised cheap
roller-meal.

Tt was generally known that,

while farmers could grow maize
and sell it at $120 per tonne to the
Grain Marketing Board, due to the
subsidy system they could buy
processed roller meal at only $90
per tonne.
- The millers bought the maize
from the GMB at $137 per tonne
and with the help of the subsidy
sold it at the price of $90 a tonne.

“So naturally this subsidy
system has created a distortion in
the roller meal market,”’ said Mr

_Watt. “There is no subsidy on_

95

ZIMBABWE

straight-run coarser maize which
» now costs more than the refined
processed maize-meal.”” .
Several farmers said they
* believed that some cattlemen were
‘buying roller-meal at $90 per tonne
to feed their cattle. Others were
stockpiling it-in case the subsidy
should be removed and the price be
increased.

They said that if the existing
subsidy were to be reduced by an
appreciable amount, the resulting
price increase would help to even
out the available supplies of roller-
meal. Its cheapness at present in-
clined some consumers to waste it.

It is known that the Millers.
Association applied to
Government for an increase in the
price of roller-meal about a year
ago. But so ‘Yar, despite recent
rumours when the retail prices of
cooking-oil and bread were
increased following a cut in sub-
sidies, the subsidised price of roller
meal has not been changed.

Spokesmen for the Christian

* Care Relief organisation in Harare
this week confirmed that the short-
age of the staple food in Matabele-
land. is “‘serious and getting
worse.”

“If peoplé could grow maize
now they would grind it them-
selves. But the drought has killed
their crops and they can only buy
the roller meal: which is in very
short supply. The situation is really
serious,” said Mr Bill Chinyuku of
Christian Care this week.



room for improvement", the delegate told the Conference. He said the aver-
age maize production in the region was now between 20 to 30 bags per hectare.
[Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 22 Oct 82 p 1]

MWATEX CLOSURE--THE Mwanza Textile Mills (Mwatex) has been closed down in-
definitely and its 3,905 workers have been sent on an unpaid leave, it was
announced in Dar es Salaam yesterday. The Executive Chairman of the National
Textiles Corporation (TEXCO) Ndugu J. V. Lwabuti, told a press conference
that the decision to close down the mills was prompted by lack of electricity.
Ndugu Lwabuti said for instance that only four million metres of cloth were
produced in the past nine months against a production target of 21 million
metres due to disruption of power supply at the mills. "Because of unreli-
able supply of electricity, we have been forced to close down the mills to
avoid further losses," he said. Production at Mwatex, the largest textile
complex in East and Central Africa, has been affected since early this year.
Last month, Ndugu Lwabuti said, the mills cut down working shifts from three
to two, but still power was insufficient to operate the two shifts. Ndugu
Lwabuti said the mills would not resume production until there was enough
supply of electricity. Mwatex needs some 3.5 megawatts out of the town's
daily demand of 8.5 megawatts. He said the Tanzania Electric Supply Company
(TANESCO) was. aware of the power problem and TEXCO's step to close down the
mills. He gave no further details. TANESCO officials were not available for
comment yesterday. [Text] [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 16 Oct 82 p 3]

EEC ROAD CONSTRUCTION AID--WORK on the 47 kilometre access road to the Mu-
findi Pulp and Paper Mill in Iringa, is expected to resume soon, following

the endorsement of the works contract by the Commission of European Communi-
ties, co-financers in the project. According to a statement issued in Dar es
Salaam yesterday by the EEC delegate Mr. B. Haffner, the European Communities
are financing the foreign component of the 211.76m/- contract for the Idetero-
mill site section of the road. The Tanzanian government will finance the
local component of the 40.5 kilometre Idetero-mill site section and the en-
tire financing for the Idetero-Sawala section. Construction of the road un-
dertaken by a French company Touzet International, is expected to be completed
in 1984 at the same time as the mill. [Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English

20 Oct 82 p 3]

PHOSPHATE MINING--THE mining of phospate at Minjingu in Hanang District,
Arusha Region, is expected to start early next year. The Minister for Miner-
als, Ndugu Jackson Makweta, said in Dar es Salaam yesterday. The Minister
said that basic preparations, including installation of machinery, were ready.
He said equipment and the capacity of the machinery had already been tested.
Ndugu Makweta, however, cited poor condition of the 96 kilometre Minjingu-
Arusha road, incomplete godown in Arusha and the railway siding to connect

the godown and main railway Arusha-Moshi line as constraints hindering smooth
take off of the project. Construction of the godown to store soft phosphate
from the 193.8m/- mine was expected to be completed mid December. The railway
siding work undertaken by the Tanzania Railway Corporation (TRC) would be com-
pleted next month. The Minister also said that TRC had so far modified six
wagons be used in the transportation of the mineral to the Tanzania Fertilizer
Company (TFC) at Tanga. A total of 50 wagons are required to facilitate

88



is, as we all know, the "cradle" of the counterrevolution. When we proclaimed
our independence in Luanda, here in the city of Huambo the counterrevolution
also "proclaimed" its "democratic republic." Hence it is a bit difficult to
answer your question. However, I can give you a general idea of the problems
in Huambo Province.

In the first place, there is the continued presence of some counterrevolutionary
gangs that are desperately trying to retake their old "cradle" and to create
roadblocks tothe normal development of this province. Militarily, the defense
and security forces and the people, particularly the florious FAPLA [People's
Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola], have made every effort, including
the sacrifice of their very lives, to make it clear that the enemy goals are
purely illusory. However, we must make a dialectical connection with this
task of the defense and security agencies, because the situation in Huambo
Province, with the existence of some counterrevolutionary bands, cannot be
solved by military means alone. There must be a sequence. In other words,

we must solve some social and economic problems of the people themselves,
because--for instance--after we liberate an area in which these bands have had
more influence than ours, then we have to give support to these populations to
reintegrate them into our society, Unfortunately, we have not found effective
means to integrate these people, partly because of the economic and financial
crisis we have been experiencing and the war situation imposed on us by racist
South Africa. Moreover, there is a certain lack of interest in some central
agencies, a certain ignorance about some of the provinces in the interior—-not
only Huambo but other interior provinces.

Well, these were the most pressing problems when I left Huambo Province: the
existence of some counterrevolutionary pockets and bands and some problems that
can only be solved with the aid of some central organs, because the province
itself does not have adequate means to solve all the existing problems.

Question: What were the major economic and social achievements, and how is the
situation developing?

Answer: Compared to what we should have accomplished, we could say it was "a
drop in the bucket," because the pressing problems are still there--the distur-
bance in some areas of the province (the people are too uneasy to be productive).
On the other hand, there is the lack of support. Even so, we can say that major
changes were effected,

One of the most important accomplishments, politically, was the convening of
municipal and intercity conferences, culminating in the provincial conference
to elect the new party provincial committee and its executive commission.
This was after the electoral conferences in which we created the provincial
people's assembly, the highest organ of government in the province, which in
turn created its executive organ, the provincial commission.

I feel these accomplishments represent a victory for the party and the people,
because even in the creation of the provincial people's assembly we observed
the active participation of party members and non-members alike, demonstrating
the people's trust in the party directives. Regarding the election of the



ZIMBABWE

STRENGTH OF BRITISH ARMY TRAINING TEAM TO BE INCREASED

Harare THE HERALD in English 21 Oct 82 p1

[Text]

cso:

‘HE British Military Ad-
visory Training Team will
be increased by 34 men,
the Secretary for the
Ministry of Defence, Cde
James Chitauro, | said
yesterday.

In an _ interview in
Harare, Cde  Chitauro‘
said: “Bighteen people are
already in the country and
we are expecting one
major, four other officers
and 11 other soldiers by
the end of the month or
the middle of next month.

“Their task here is not
yet finished and they are
going to help us set up
babwean training _

teatthough the number of
fhe military advisers had

en reduced ‘rom 130 to
73 before, both countries,
Britain and Zimbabwe,
had seen that their work
was still needed.

Zimbabwe had asked for
more assistance from the
British government but
would also contribute to
the maintenance of the’
team. Zimbabwe was_
‘spending about $389000 a
year on the training team,
one-fifth of what Britain
was spending.

“The British team will ‘
advise on the quality of
potential instructors. The

army intends to train as_

3400/189

_Zimbabwe _had |

“the atr for

many people as possible
within the country.

“For courses which are
not available in this coun-
try, we will send some
People to train overseas
but this is an expensive
exercise,” Cde Chitauro
said.

Many people had
received military training
ia countries such as Bri-
tain, Egypt and Nigeria,

The Government would
try to redress the racial
imbalance of officers in
the air force, he said. The
present racial imbalance
was a historical legacy
_inherited_
trom the previous
colonialist governments.

“The Government is
doing all it can to ensure
that there will be more
blacks in the air force in
the shortest —_ possible
time.”

. Commenting on allega-
tions that black Zim-
babweans, who had ai
tained higher ranks out-

side the country, were de-

moted once y joined

ald it~
was not the policy of the

air. force or Government

‘to demote people.

“Our force has a dif-
ferent system of giving
_vanks but it is not the in-_

94

still going on.”

tention of the force or the
Government to place
ople. at lower ranks
an they should be.”
Cde Ghitauro also de-
nied allegations that there
were discriminatory prac-

tices in the air force.

The rate of whites
resigning from the force
uad levelled out and fewer
of them were now leaving.

“Those still in the force
have remained — prob-
ably because they want to
stay and work for ‘the
Government. We will be
training people in dif-
ferent fields essential to
an air force, and in those
fields we cannot fill with
“local people, we will
recruit foreign people,”
said Cde Chitauro.

The exercise of weeding
out soldiers with
questionable loyalty to the
Government was going on
and several had been dis-
missed, Soldiers were dis-
missed if they were un-
disciplined, intemperate,
showed lack of respect to
senior officers and drank
excessively.

“This is a painful ex-
ercise but it is within the
defence regulations. Seve-
rel people, including - of-
ficers, have been  dis-
missed and the exercise is_



Conspiracy theories, dis-
torted impressions of pro-
fitability levels, and suspt-
clon of transfer pricing
Practices, Even where
profit figures are widel
published — as in the U:
— the public perception of
is

rofit rate frequentl,
Shaggerated, ‘a my
DISTORTION

One US report shows
that opinion polls reveal
that the bulk of the
American public believes
profits to average be-
tween 20 percent and 30
percent of sales, whereas,
in fact, the actual figure
is only one-third or one-
quarter of that. Above all,
of course, profit figures
are distorted by the fail-
ure to adjust for inflation
which would give a more
realistic picture.

It ‘is essential for
business to be more forth-

eated claims that profits”
are being squeezed by es-
calating costs and con-
trolled ‘prices. We need a
complete picture of the
situation not just isolated
information from those
companies Usted on the
Stock Exchange. This
surely is a good example
of the situation in which
full disclosure will help
tather than hinder the so-
cial performance of
business,

UNEMPLOYMENT

At a wider level, In the
current economic climate,
not just in Zimbabwe but
internationally, it Is time
for a. lowering of ex-
pectations.'The golden age
of economic growth and
prosperity experienced be-
tween 1948 and 1973 has
been succeeded by a per-
iod of slower growth, ri:
ing prices, falling  in-
vestment, and above all,

marised in Bruce Scott's
recent article in the Har-
vard Business Review,
aptly titled Can Industry
Survive the Welfare
State? Professor Scott
‘contrasts the impressive
performance of the “new
Japan" — Hong Kong,
Taiwan, South Korea and
Singapore — with the
lacklustre achievements of
Western ‘Europe and
North America, He warns
of the disaster that awaits
those who concentrate on
shortrun consumer wel-
fare to the neglect of in-
vestment in productivity
capacity.

In essence, the con-
clusion is simple. Just as
the business sector cannot
afford to ignore its social
responsibilities, so the
government sector cannot
afford to concentrate on
welfare isstles and neglect
the “hard” economic agg:
regates like the balance of

coming about profit levels rising unemployment.
in Zimbabwe, given rep- The challenge facing
_Zimbabwe is neatly sum-

ments, investment, in-
ation and employment.

It All Depends on What You Mean by a ‘Top Company’

A TOP company may mean different things to different people. Generally your
point of view is coloured by whether you are a shareholder, lender, employee,
consumer or politician, and whether you are a capitalist or socialist by
conviction.

Your decision as to what constitutes a top company may also be affected by a
consideration of the socio-economic environment in which the companies being
judged operate: for example, the criteria for selecting top US corporations
are not necessarily those which should apply in the UK and yet others may be
used in under-developed or developing countries such as Zimbabwe.

Top companies in the US are rated usually as those with the biggest earnings
for shareholders. They are also judged by how much more they have grown in
sales, assets, profits and dividends than their competitors.

To the best of my knowledge not a single US quoted corporation publishes a
value added statement. Furthermore few publish employee reports stressing
matters other than profitability as understood in the traditional shareholder
form. But attention is often given to rewards earned by top sales employees

and space is devoted to news of loyal past employees now retired to places in
the sun.

Also favoured is disclosure on action taken to safeguard the environment and
to provide jobs for the minority (meaning black) population group, but less
emphasis has been placed on this latter item since President Carter lost the
election.

99



ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

ECONOMY PRIORITY OVER DEFENSE--Many African nations, including Zimbabwe, face

a constant vicious circle when it comes to the question.of spending money on
national defence or ploughing those all important funds into boosting the economy.
It is an indefatigable question which can be debated effectively, ad infinitum
from both sides--which explains why it is an everlasting problem and will continue
to be so. It is particularly striking here and now when we are faced with two
major conflicts--Africa's most severe recession since World War II and the
inherent threat from South Africa. But which of the problematical pair is the
more vital to guard against? There is no denying that a fully integrated army

is a necessity. It not only provides a defence force to repel would-be invaders
but also unites the nation's tribes into one unit, creating colleagues from former
rivals. But the size, and therefore the cost, of that army is of prime importance.
An effective, detering defence force does not need to be millions-strong or over-
loaded with spanking new--and expensive--equipment when existing machinery will

do the same job. While an army is necessary, a sound, expanding and, above all,
healthy economy complete with concrete and viable industrial infrastructure, is
absolutely vital for survival. Without the day to day economy being given top
priority a country can easily collapse, and cease being fully independent far
quicker than if invaded. The American assistant secretary for African affairs,
Chester Crocker, has said: "Peaceful development is the only way Africa will find
solutions to the critical social and economic challenges it faces." That is a
policy of which this country must be thoroughly aware. Having fought a war for
liberation it is now time to turn to peace and progression, backing ailing
sectors of the vital. economy with funds to build a future that is bigger and
stronger than a defence’ force. [Editorial] [Text] [MB181617 Harare THE FINANCIAL
GAZETTE in English 12 Nov 82 p 4]

CSO: 3400/309 END

115



PRESIDENT NYERERE REVIEWS PRODUCTION SECTOR

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 21 Oct 82 p 3

[Article by Mkumbwa Ally]

[Excerpt]

THE Party Chairman, Mwalimu
Nyerere said yesterday that the
extensive gas fields discovered at
Songo Songo island, near Kilwa
and Kimbiji in Coast Region
were one of the country’s most
important economic advances of
the past five years.

le told the National Party
Conference in Dar es Salaam
that after intensive capital
investment in the next five to 10
years, the deposits would be of
great economic benefit to the
counry.

He explained that an agreement
had been reached for the
manufacture of ammonia and usea
out of the gas at Songo Songo and
that financing arrangements for the
huge investment were in the final
stages of negotiation.

Mwalimu was reporting on the
sectoral pro} ‘and problems
during the five years of CCM
government.

He said the gas fields were located
during the search for oil. The
government had spent 260million/-
more than half of it in  foreier
‘exchange on geophysical and seismic
surveys and drilling test wells, he
explained.

walimu, said
million/- was borrowed for more
detailed exploration work but that
oil had not been located yet. He said
some private _ international
companies had been commissioned
to continue the search.

He said the answer to the
country’s, problem of importing oil
was to find it in Tanzania.
“Government has been very active
in, this search (but) let me stress:
unfortunately, it has not been found

et”
* He said efforts in the mining sector
were checked by high capital

another 690

investment in opening new mines. _

62

Whereas the sector eared
318million/— in foreign exchange last
year, some 2,000 million/~ was
needed to develop the potential
Mchuchuma open cast coal mine in
Ludewa, Iringa region. he pointed

out.

He told the conference that
phosphate from Minjingu mine in
Arusha would soon be feeding the
Tariga fertilizer plant while the
capacity of {lima coal mine in Mbeya
had been increased to 15,000 tonnes
annually to serve the Mbeya cement
factory.

In “industry, Mwalimu _ said,
success was achieved in constructing
new factories but that production
was seriously affected by the poor
economic situation.

He said 43 new industrial projects
had been commissioned on tne
Mainland since 1977 while 28 others
were in advanced stage of building.
Five factories had been built in
Zanzibar and were now on trial runs,
he said.

He added, however, that the
average capacity utilization» the
industrial sector was between 30 and
SO per cent. One factory used less
than 10-per cent of its-capacity last
year. he said.

“_Mwalimu explained that the
output of the industri:
fallen from 1,092 mi:
648 million/- last year. Its
contribution to the Gross National
Product (GNP) declined from 10.4
er cent five years ago to 5.8 per cent
last year, he added.

He said measures to close down
some of the factories were necessary
to ensure adequate production of
essential commodities. The
government was preparing the list of
the industries to be closed, he said,
adding that the rest would operate
nearer to their capacity.

The Party Chairman said small
industries be encouraged because

they produced basic needs using

TANZANIA



MINISTER PRESENTS TPDC ANNUAL REPORT TO NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Dar es Salaam DAILY NEWS in English 18 Oct 82 p 1

[Article by Mike Sikawa]

[Text]

VARIOUS national in-
stitutions have been praised
for the support to the Tan-
zania Petroleum Development
Corporation (TPDC) in its
search for gas and oil in the
country.

The commendation is con-
tained in the TPDC annual
report presented. to. the
National Assembly’ in Dar es
Salaam on Saturday by the
Minister for Water and
Energy, Ndugu Al Noor
Kassum.

Ndugu Kassum, who is also
Chairman of the corporation’s
Board of Directors listed the
institutions as ‘the Central
Bank, the National Bank of
Commerce, the Tanzania
Navy, Tanzania Coastal Ship-
ping Line and the Tanzania
Harbours Authority.

Other institutions praised
in the report for the year en-
ding December 31, 1981, were
the Customs Department,
Notco, the Tanzania Electric
Supply Company as well as
Temeke District authorities.

Ndugu Kassum reported
that last year, the cash flow of
the corporation increased to
739 million/- from 497
million/- the previous year,
“and the financial indicators
showed a small im-
provement”.

The minister noted however
that the return on capital em-
ployed showed a significant
fall, reflecting the heavy in-
vestments made during the

_year on exploration activities.

68

The corporation’s healthy
financial standing is also
shown both by its tax
payment (16 million/-) in
respect to last year’s. profits
and also by the fact that it
was able to substantially
reduce its dependence on
government funding for its ac-
tivities.

Ndugu Kassum also repor-
ted that the TPDC ex-
ploration’ activities reached
time peak and during the
year, it drilled two wells at
Songosongo, thus proving the
existence of large quantities of
gas.

Preparations were also
made during the year for the
drilling of a wildcast well at
Kimbiji in Temeke District
which was spudded in Decem:
ber. Towards the end of the
year, the corporation signed
two new production sharing
agreements, one with Shell
and the other with the In-
ternational Energy Develop-
ment Corporation.

He explained that shortages
of foreign exchange and
foreign supply disruptions
created problems for the cor-
poration during the year in its
importation and marking ac-
tivities.

The corporation, the

_minister added, spent

billion/- in foreign e:
in purchasing crude oil and
-refined products; while the oil
marketing companies spent a
further 0.7 billion/- on im-
ports of deficit ‘refined

TANZANIA


ANGOLA

BRIEFS

ACUTE MEAT SHORTAGE IN BENGUELA--Benguela--Sales of livestock, primarily beef
cattle, in Benguela Province dropped sharply in the first 6 months of 1982 in
relation to prior years, basically because of poor bartering power and because
the price table does not reflect reality, the Angolan news agency ANGOP learned
from the provincial director of DINAPROPE (National Cattle Products Distributing
Company). In effect, implementation of the plan for the first half of this
year was only 11 percent; that is, the marketing quota was 5,200 head, and
only 580 head were sold. During the second quarter only 1,238 hogs and 1,852
goats were marketed. Moreover, the South African army occupation of part of
Cunene Province has interrupted the already poor supply coming into Benguela
Province from that southernmost part of Angolan territory, the country's major
cattle producing area. Benguela Province needs a minimum of 200 tons of meat
per month, Telmo Alexandre reported. Because of the problems described above,
only 100,549 kg of meat was offered for sale in the second 6-month [sic]
period, and was distributed basically to butchers supplying social and hospital
institutions, specifically cooperants, blood donors and officials. It is
noted that the 100,549 kg of meat marketed represents only 8.3 percent of the
initial distribution plan. Nonetheless, Alexandre added that there was a
noticeable improvement in August and September after DINAPROPE received some
products [to barter with], such as motorbikes and sugar, from the Home Trade
Ministry. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 15 Oct 82 p 3] 6362

RESIDENCY DOCUMENTS--Confusion has arisen among various segments of the popu-
lation regarding the mandatory use of a residency card, in accordance with
Decree 90/82, passed by the Council of Ministers on 20 September and published
in the DIARIO DA REPUBLICA. A communique from the Ministry of the Interior
which reached our desk yesterday explains that the decree creating the card
does not immediately make use of said card obligatory. The note adds that,
according to the decree, the Interior Ministry is responsible for establishing,
by dispatch, the dates and the areas in which possession of the residency
cards will become mandatory. This will be gradual and based on priority,
according to the circumstances, the means available and the extent of the need
to monitor the population. Finally, the communique states that the ministry
will duly announce when and where the registration process to issue the cards
will begin. Thereafter the dates when use of the cards becomes obligatory will
be defined. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 20 Oct 82 p 2]

6362

13



COLIN BICKLE FORFEITS PROPERTY TO STATE

Harare THE HERALD in English 16 Oct 82 p 1

[Text]

cso:

3400/189

HARARE.
MR COLIN BICKLE,
the, Bulawayo business-
man who unknowingly
flew a. South African
agent into Zimbabwe
has had his property
declared forfeit to the

State.

An’ order from_ the
Minister of Home Affairs,
Cde Herbert Ushewo-
Kunze, published’ in yes-
terday's Government ‘Ga-
zette, declared Mr Bickle’s
property to be forfeit in
terms of the Emergency
Powers (Forfeiture of
Enemy Property) Regula
tions, 1981.

‘The regulations | lay
down. that anyone who
appears to the minister to
be ah enemy of. the State
and to act as an agent of
any foreign country or to
be involved in any sub-
versive activity, . should
have his property confis-
cated by the State.

Mr Bickle (52), who
was a farmer and chair-
man of the Philpott and
Collins group when he

_fiew the man into Zimba-_

96

bwe, was arrested. on
February 22 this year
and tried in May.

The court heard that he
had illegally fiown a
weapons dealer with his_
weapons to an airstrip in
South Africa and had
been persuaded by a for-
mer Zimbabwean police-
man to fly two Ndehele-
speaking men back to
Zimbabwe.

It was agreed by the
State and the defence that
one of the men had been
trained in Ne
South Afric:

ANC bases in Zimpabwe.

Mr Bickle said ne nad
not known this when ne
agreed to fly the men into
Zimbabwe but had
thought the men were Zi-
mbabwean agents.

Regional magistrate Mr
Tom Smith found that
Mr Bickle had not -us-
pected that the man was
a South African-trained
agent.

Mr Bickle was fined a
total of $3000 for con-
traventions of the Immig-
ration Act and the Cus-
toms and Excise Act and
was given a four-month,
sonditionall: suspend:
sentence

ZIMBABWE


CAMEROON

BRIEFS

PUBLIC, PRIVATE SALARIES INCREASE--The head of state has signed a decree in-
creasing the salaries of workers in the public and private sectors. The in-
crease concerns civil servants attached to the public service, noncivil ser-
yants to the public sectors, assessors of the legal profession, soldiers of
the armed forces, staff of the national security, state agents, staff of the
prison's administration, housemaids and servants, workers of the primary,
seconddry and tertiary I and II sectors and teachers of the private education
sector. For workers of all sectors, family allowances has been increased by
more than 8 percent from 1,200 to 1,300 CFA francs per child per months. In
the public sector, the salareis have been increased by an average of 13 per-
cent. The lowest salaries in Zones I and II have been increased by 16 percent
and those in Zone III by 18 percent. In the private sector, these increases
have reached 14 percent for Zones I and II, and 15 percent for Zone III. For
the lowest incomes in Zones I and II the increase is 15 percent. Meanwhile
Zone III has 14 percent. According to a press release accompanying the pre-
sidential decree, traders have been called upon to show proof of civic matur-
tiy and honesty and to abstain from any inconsiderate and unjustified in-
creases in prices. The minister of economic affairs and planning will take
all the necessary measures to respect this. [Text] [AB172021 Yaounde Domes-
tice Service in English 1800 GMT 17 Nov 82]

MANY PRISON SENTENCES COMMUTED--The head of state, Paul Biya, has issued a
decree commuting prison sentences passed on or before 17 November 1982. Ac-—
cording to the decree, persons condemned to death and who have already had
their sentences commuted to life imprisonment will have the sentences further
commuted to 25 years’ imprisonment with their liberties permanently deprived.
Persons imprisoned for life who have not had their sentences commuted will
now have their sentences reduced to 20 years in jail. Other jailed persons
will benefit from sentence reductions ranging from 6 months to 5 years. The
decree grants total liberty to persons who have a prison sentence of up to

6 months. The decree, however, outlines the categories of imprisoned persons
who do not benefit from the reductions. They include those persons jailed
for theft, fraud, abduction, rape, corruption, embezzlement, customs fraud,
tax evasion and the issue of bounced checks. [as heard] [Text] [AB181437
Yaounde Domestic Service in English 1400 GMT 18 Nov 82]

18



develop a more vigorous and healthy trade relationship with the United States
in view of the fact that 90 percent of its exports to that country is crude
oil, while its imports are in goods it should be more self-reliant in.

It is reliably learned that in 1980, Nigeria exported 6,919.82 million naira
worth of crude oil to the United States. In 1981 it exported 6.1 billion
naira worth to the United States, and recent government trade figures show
that in the first six months of this year it sold almost 4.1 billion naira
worth of oil.

Conversely, it is estimated that Nigeria imported 850 million naira worth of
goods from the United States in 1980. Last year, the import bill was 1 bil-
lion naira, and in the first six months of this year imports were 493 million
naira. These imports consisted mainly of wheat, rice, corn and poultry prod-
ucts. At present, the imposition of the federal government's austerity mea-
sures has put a stop to poultry imports.

Because of the pressingneed for better healthy trade relations, there have
been a series of efforts aimed at facilitating more balanced trade. Some of
these have involved Nigeria issuing multiple entry visas to American business-
men. The United States reciprocated this gesture only this year. Last Sep-
tember, a trade centre was opened in New York, and one it is said, will be
opened shortly in Chicago.

There have been various trips by Nigerian and American businessmen under the
auspices of Nigerian and American chambers of commerce. The most recent was
last September's visit to Washington by a Nigerian group headed by Chief
Adeyemi Lawson, president of the Nigerian Chamber of Commerce. There is also
a Nigeria-U.S. business council in the United States. ‘Two Nigerian banks,
namely the National Bank and the United Bank for Africa now have offices in
New York.

The Joint Agricultural Consultative Committee (JACC) was set up in 1980 to
facilitate cooperation between Nigerian and American businessmen on agricul-
ture. Recent JACC figures show that agricultural projects worth over 400 mil-
lion naira are being implemented. Some involve poultry, rice and vegetable
production, as well as irrigation and bore-hole construction.

At least 70 U.S. companies are involved, and include Beatrice Foods America's
largest food processing company. These companies have provided assistance

to the river basin authorities, other green revolution programmes and some
large-scale farmers. At present American agricultural machinery is imported,
but several companies are investigating the possibility of assembling agricul-
tural machinery.

But while the beginnings of better trade relationship between the two coun-

tries have been made, these are extremely modest. Any long term improvement
must stem from closer government-to-government cooperation and involvement.

If the United States wants to extend its influence in Africa, it has to cre-
ate a larger circle of friends and reinforce old relationships, by pursuing

more aggressive export development policies.

47



The Zairian people haye already made great successes in agricultural develop-
ment and food production. The success obtained by the Agricultural Credit
Bank operation will strengthen the efficiency of the current struggle to
eliminate the deficit which persists in the production of some food crops.

Such is exactly the aim of the 1982-84 recovery plan: self-sufficienty in
food.

CSO: 3419/220

92



MAURITIUS

INTERVIEW WITH BERENGER
Paris LE MATIN in French 21 Oct 82 p 16

{Interview with Paul Berenger, former Mauritian minister of finance:
"The Berenger Impediment”,

[ext] Five months after its election victory of
last 11 June, Mauritian socialism has broken down.
The regime's "strong man," Paul Berenger’ has re-

signed from his post of minister of finance, thus
threatening to create a serious political crisis.

Founder of the MMM /Mauritian Militant Movement/
which holds 60 of the 62 seats in parliament, Paul
Berenger allegedly disagrees with the economic
policy of his coalition associate, Harish Boodhoo,
who heads the PSM /Mauritian Socialist Party/.

Paul Berenger, supporter of economic austerity, is
considered the "Mauritian Rocard. A veteran of May
'68, at 37 years of age, he is the idol of Mauritian
youth, but he clashes with the dogmatism of the
island's traditional Left. If his resignation is
accepted by the prime minister, Anerood Jugnauth,

it could have serious consequences for the coali-
tion in power. The main architect of the election
victory in June, his departure will be a heavy blow
and threatens to cause a split in his movement.

In an interview granted Roger Faligot several days
ago, Paul Berenger had alluded to these "reforms in
depth" which--if his resignation is not a mere
political maneuver to impose austerity--he will
only have been able to begin.

/Question/ How do you define "socialism with a Mauritian face"?
[knswer/ Mainly by three standards: a truly nonaligned socialism

vis-a-vis foreign powers, but involved on the side of the peoples of

30



INTERPOL MEMBERSHIP--Lisbon--The People's Republic of Angola was admitted to
INTERPOL during the international congress of the organization held recently

in Torremolinos, according to an ANGOP dispatch. The most important topics
discussed at the conference, in addition to drug trafficking and its international
effects, were kidnaping and ways to strengthen cooperation among the various
national police forces. [Excerpts] [Luanda JORNOL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23

Oct 82 p 1] 6362

OIL DISCOVERY--Paris--The French company Elf-Aquitane announced Friday in Paris
that it had made the fourth petroleum discovery in Block 3 (offshore) in Soyo,
according to the agency FRANCE PRESSE. In tests, the well, called "Impala No
1," is producing crude oil at a rate of 825 cubic meters per day. The same
source added that feasibility studies are needed to determine the commercial
viability of the discovery. It is noted that the affiliate Elf-Angola, which
operates in Soyo under a joint contract with SONANGOL [National Angolan Fuel
Company], made the first two discoveries in April 1982 and the third in Sep-
tember of this year. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 23 Oct 82
p 1) 6362

PORTUGUESE TECHNICAL COOPERATION--A group of technicians from Quimigal (Quimica
de Portugal, EP) is in Angola to conduct studies of the rehabilitation of the
Angolan firm Electro-Ceramica, which produces civil construction materials.
Following the preliminary studies by the Quimigal technicians, the Portuguese
company will pursue contacts with Angolan authorities to negotiate the needed
technical cooperation agreements. These contacts could be extended to other
areas of cooperation, with the possibility that the Quimigal technicians now
in Angola could meet with officials of the ministries of Industry, Housing and
Planning. Quimigal, a Portuguese state company resulting from the merger of
the nationalized Portuguese firms CUF [United Manufacturers' Company], Nitratos
de Portugal and Amoniaco Portugues, is already operating in Angola through the
firms Induve (oils and soap), Confatex (carpeting) and Confabril (general
import and export business). [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 12
Oct 82 p 1] 6362

AUTHORITY AWARDED--A dispatch from Comrade Jose Eduardo dos Santos, president
of the MPLA-Labor Party and of the People's Republic of Angola, determines
that during his absence from the country on a state and goodwill visit to the
Republic of Zimbabwe, current business at the level of the MPLA-Labor Party
will be handled by Lucio Lara, member of the party Political Bureau and Cen-
tral Committee secretary for organization and support to social and mass
organizations. Another presidential decree names Col Juliao Mateus Paulo
(Dino Matross), member of the party Political Bureau and minister of state
security, to take action on current issues at the government level during the
absence of the chief of state. [Text] [Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese
13 Oct 82 p 1] 6362

‘aNGOP“'Tass' COOPERATION--Moscow--An accord for cooperation and exchange of news
reports in Portuguese was signed Tuesday in Moscow between the Angolan news
agency ANGOP and TASS. Specifiically, the document provides for the joint
organization of a double communications link by satellite between the capitals

14



Meanwhile its strategic position—-two islands in the Gulf of Guinea--does not
escape the bellicose and expansionist ambitions of the forces of domination,
who have been using all means to attain their sinister goals, although the
country inherited a difficult economic situation which still exists, resulting
from the cultivation of a single crop (cacao), the MLSTP, its legitimate
representative, does not give up on its principles of liberty and sovereignty,
admittedly only one that satisfy the interests of the masses of the people.

As a result of its legitimate intransigence the country fell victim to two

coup attempts and had already experienced a landing by mercenaries who were
detected and repulsed at the time by the people.

CSO: 3442/40



ery; the opening up of new
export markets and a 36
percent overall improve-
ment in the terms of trade.

The year 1982 has seen
the erosion of many of
these favourable Influences,
especially as the effects of
the world recession are
now severely affecting our

internationally - exposed_

economy. The slump in
world commodity prices
and the deep recession in
‘the industrialised world
have: not only halted ex-
port growth but in the
first five months of 1982
have led to a -12 percent
fall in export sales over
the same ‘period of 1981.
Yet the demand for im-:
ports has continued to
increase and average im-
port prices have also risen
by over 7 percent since
the middle of last. year.
In spite of an increase
in foreign borrowing and
greater access to com-
modity import. —_pro-
grammes, a widening bal-
ance of payments deficit
has thus necessitated cuts
in foreign exchange.
Allocations of foreign
exchange to the ranufac-
turing sector via industrial
import control fell by an
overall 25 percent between
mid-1981 and mid-1982 and
many individua} industrial-
ists have suffered more
severe cuts. Given that
some 25 percent. of raw

material inputs to the sec-

tor are imported, the im-
<mediate effects of these
euts have been to radic-
ally curtail overall expan-
sion,
But.there has also been
a serious although less
visible effect on the longer
-term. performance of the
sector because of the large
and increasing amounts of
foreign exchange needed
for replacement machinery
and capacity expansion,
At the same time local
ests are continuing to
_rise, the recent increase.

in electricity prices being
just one example of pro-
duction cost  , increases,

And on the demand side

both domestic and export

markets have been de-
pressed.

In the first four months
of 1982, the volume of
retail sales fell by 2 per-
cent in real terms against
the 1981 annual figure
compared with an 11 per-

_eent increase in the year_
previously, while exports
of manufactured goods to
our single major market,
South Africa, have been
hit both by a rise of 23
percent in the value of the
dollar against the rand in
the last 18 months and
South Africa’s imposition
of a 10 percent import
surcharge earlier in the
year.

Given these extremely
adverse conditions, how
-has the manufacturing

sector performed in 19827
The answer must be that,
in the circumstances, re-
markably well. The most
recently published figures
show that in the first six
months of 1982, the vol-
ume index of manufactur-
ing industry fell by a
marginal 0,2 percent. Yet
if one excludes the metals
and metal products sub-
sector — dominated by
export trade and mineral
processing and thus not
representative of produc-
tion for the domestic mar-
ket — then the same
period shows a 4,4 per-
cent increase in the
weighted volume index.

However, one ‘cannot be
complacent’ about the
short-term prospects for
the manufacturing sector,
With the world recession
unlikely to end before
mid-1983 at the earliest,
constraints in the form of
foreign exchange avail-
ability and ‘depressed in-
ternal and. external de-
mand are likely to con-

_tinue for some time. Yet

_ future,

it is important to place
this scenario in the world
context,

- PRIDE

In comparison with the
performance of the manu-
facturing. sector in both
the industrialised world
and on the African ‘con-
tinent, Zimbabwe can be
proud of the fact that it
is weathering perhaps the
most serious|storm to have
hit the world economy
this century — including
the years of the Great
Depression —. with re-
markable ‘strength,

More hopeful signs for
the short-term horizon are
the package of export in-

.centives recently an-

nounced and soon to come
on stream, the pending
US$70 million World Bank
loan to the manufacturing
sector and the very en-
couraging SADCC indus-
trial projects already be-
ing discussed which should
provide an added stimulus
to regional manufacturing
industry and inter-regional
trade. _
+ Looking further ahead,
the prospects for Zim-
babwe’s manufacturing in-
dustry appear much
brighter. Given an up-
turn in the world economy
the sector will be well-
placed to continue the ex-
pansive path that charac-
terised the first two years
of Independnce and to
take up the challenge of
trying to achieve an 11
percent annual growth
rate called for in the tran-
sitional development plan.

And the fact that the
Heinz Corporation, VM>
Stork Amsterdam © and
others are at this time
willing to invest consider-
able sums of money in
Zimbabwe's manufacturing
sector indicates that there
are non-Zimbabweans who
also have faith in our

The Stock Market Has a Big Part to Play in the New Zimbabwe

IN looking back on the performance of the Zimbabwe
Stock Exchange it is interesting to make a comparison
with the previous three years as shown in the tables
below, It will be seen that both turnover and prices

rose strongly to September 30 1980 indicating that con-

fidence was high in that period,

111



terms for 20 years. This has serious consequences
for base metal producers with virtually all the major
base metal companies in America, Canada and Australia
now incurring substantial losses,

"These low metal prices have of course been disas-
trous for our local producers who have also been affected
by a sharp rise in production costs and are now

struggling to survive. The

lower level of earnings from

mineral exports is a major contributory factor in the

reduced foreign exchange

industrial companies are suffering,

‘Until recently the world
recession was accompa-
nied by high interest rates

which has resulted in-

lower stock market prices
in most major centres
with the indices in Aust-
ralia down by 20 percent
— Toronto 18,0 percent —
Hong Kong by 38 percent
and Tokyo by 8,5 percent
in the 12 months t Sep-
tember 1982. London has
been the exception and
somewhat unexpectedly
prices both there and in
New York have risen very
atrongly since the end of
August as interest rates
declined.

‘The foregoing is written

allocations from which all

to illustrate that part of
the malaise now affecting
the stock market and in-
deed the overall economy
of Zimbabwe can be att-
ributed to the world reces-
sion from which few coun-
tries either developed or
undeveloped have been
able to escape, But other
local factors have also
played a substantial part
and can be attributed to
what I regard as an over-
zealous application of
idealistic policies, without
regard to the ‘practical’
consequences.
Prime examples are the
rapid increase in labour
_| costs, unaccompanied by _

productivity increases and the rigid application of price control, which are
now threatening the viability of large sections of industry.

This brings us to the role of the stock market in a developing country and may
also pose the question as to whether there is a role at all for a stock market
in the new Zimbabwe. I firmly believe there is and for the following reasons.

The principle function of any stock market is to provide a means whereby indi-
viduals, pension funds, insurance companies and a whole range of other insti-
tutions can invest their funds in order to obtain a reasonable return on their
investment, and at the same time contribute fresh or additional capital for

the development and expansion of particular companies, which in turn contributes
to the overall growth of the economy of the country.

Inflation

The stock market provides an excellent vehicle for such investments which if
prudently executed will not only provide a reasonable return but also in nor-
mal times enable the capital investment to grow at least in line with infla-
tion. Similarly, it enables workers either directly or through incentive
schemes to acquire shares in their company and participate thereby in its for-
tunes and know from day to day through the market mechanism the exact value of
their investment.

No precise information is available but it is probable that up to two years ago
between 60 percent-70 percent of local stock market activity was on the part of
institutions. I regard this as particularly significant as the institutions
are responsible for the investment of the savings of a very wide spectrum of
the population and thereby refute the suggestion that the stock market is the

113



ANGOLA

RESPONSIBILITY FOR DELAYED PEACE TALKS REJECTED
Luanda JORNAL DE ANGOLA in Portuguese 17 Oct 82 p 1
[Editorial by ANGOLAN NEWS AGENCY: "Political Maturity")

[Text] While intentional impasses are placed for geo-strategic reasons in the
painful process of negotiations relating to Namibia's accession to independence,
imperialism and its agents are resorting to daydreams and speculations to
justify the delay which has occurred in the correct implementation of Reso-
lution 435/78, issued by the UN Security Council.

Thus, newspapers and magazines, which serve them as loudspeakers, are printing
a series of uncontrolled information to excuse Pretoria and the Reagan admin-
istration for its responsibilities in the physical and moral sufferings of the
peoples of the southern African area.

In this regard, for some time now they have been disseminating alleged sugges-
tions, or more precisely, "significant proposals," relating to the withdrawal
of the Cuban internationalist troops from Angola, even considering this an
“essential part" of any agreement on Namibia and ignoring red-hot questions such
as the electoral process, the makeup and importance of the UN forces (UNTAG) ,
cease-fire conditions and others...

Other news media, turning to sensationalism, stressed the idea of a theoretical
replacement of the Cuban military contingents by others of various nationalities,
thus resorting to a "war of nerves" to create an atmosphere of distrust

between Angola and Cuba concerning the agreements freely signed by the two on

the basis of mutual respect, independence and sovereignty.

This war of misinformation, promoted by the nonprogressive forces at the service
of international capital and the Pretoria regime, is aimed at poisoning public
opinion and even trying to convince it that the Cuban military presence is

the only "difficulty" still to be resolved to achieve a final accord, thus making
it possible to take a step forward in the implementation of the UN plan for
Namibia's independence.



UGANDA

NEW 'PEACE' MEASURES ANNOUNCED FOR LUWERO DISTRICT

EA130024 Kampala Domestic Service in English 1900 GMT 12 Nov 82

[Excerpts] The government has announced new measures to reorganize admin-
istration in Luwero District as part of its efforts to achieve total peace in
the district.

Addressing meetings of district team members, councillors and chiefs in Luwero
yesterday, the minister of state in the office of the president, Mr Rwakasisi,
announced the suspension of the district council and the district service
committee until further notice.

He also announced that all chiefs were going to be screened and those who will
not meet the requirements of the government will be axed. Chiefs who will

be reabsorbed will not stay in Luwero town, but go back to their areas to
re-establish administration. Displaced people now occupying Luwero senior
secondary school, whose areas have been cleared of bandits, were also told

to go back to their homes. He said the government will provide them with
hoes so that they can begin cultivating their own foods and rehabilitate
their plantations.

Mr Rwakasisi said that the DC [district council], and the representatives of
the Ministry of Local Government will, from now on, be charged with overseeing
the performance of chiefs. He said from now on the office of the president
will monitor all security and administrative affairs of the district, as

well as the welfare of the people of Luwero.

Later, the minister addressed a public rally in Luwero town. In his speech,
the minister of state in the office of the president, Mr Rwakasisi, challenged
the people of Buganda to go back to their traditional belief in progress and
the maintenance of peace. He noted with concern that the Buganda are replacing
their civilization with lies and rumours being spread by what he called blood-
thirsty defeated politicians.

The minster of information and broadcasting, Dr Anyoti, said the UPC government
will not allow the people of Buganda to be (?targets of bullets) of bandits.

He advised the people of Luwero to follow the good example of the people of
Mpigi in rejecting bandits. He also assured them of their political freedom.

cso: 3400/282

90



bequeathed to us by the former government and despite the ‘considerable impact
of the international crisis. It is true that the political crisis which the
country has just experienced has definitely not helped the country. But having
said that much, I wish, as minister of finance, to emphasize strongly today
that our chances remain intact, vis-a-vis other countries, first of all.

At this very moment, a large delegation. from the World Bank is in Mauritius.
The number of persons making up that delegation shows that are chances are
totally intact. And ‘the letter givento me from the head of the World Bank

for the region, Mr Gue, confirms this."

Vis-a-vis the International Monetary. Fund (IMF) and foreign investors as well,
the island of Mauritius has kept its chances "intact," the minister of finance
said. “Every project, particularly the construction of new hotels, will be
carried out as planned." :

Loan

Berenger then spoke of the 1-billion-rupee loan he is in the process of nego-
tiating for Mauritius. "With the green light from Prime Minister Aneerood
Jugnauth, today I resumed the moves I made aimed at obtaining a loan of 1 bil-
lion rupees with acceptable conditions in order to carry out projects that

are directly productive and commercial, projects that will create jobs. It is
not yet certain whether the loan will be obtained, but I would do everything
possible to obtain it. If we receive that money, it will go through the World
Bank and be channeled into investment in projects carried out either by para-
state agencies or joint public-private enterprises. They will not be prestige
projects or infrastructures; they will be directly productive."

Berenger continued: "We have decided to mobilize the private sector in this
effort and we have arranged a meeting at 1430 hours with its representatives

on Wednesday (today), following a.meeting with the trade unions. I will meet
with the Joint Economic Committee, the Mauritius Employers Federation, the
Chamber of Commerce and Industry,.the Association of Free Zone Employers (MEPZA
(MEPZA), the Chamber of Agriculture, the Mauritius Sugar Planters Association,
the Association of Bankers, the Association of Insurance Agents, and represen-
tatives of the hotel and.restaurant trade. In this effort to obtain the
1-billion-rupee loan, we shall mobilize everyone in order to plan projects

that are directly productive.

"We are moving ahead, our chances are intact and I am appealing to the country,
as minister of finance, not to be discouraged by the crisis which the country
has just gone through," Berenger said. "There must not be discouragement,
either ‘among investors or workers, or among government employees either, for
in recent months they have done their utmost."

Trust in Jugnauth
The minister then stated: "I am anxious to say this now: TI recently found
myself to be in disagreement with the prime minister, Aneerood Jugnauth, but

I wish to emphasize strongly that the people of Mauritius must retain complete
confidence in Prime Minister Jugnauth. Iam fully satisfied that we shall

35



ZIMBABWE

REPORT ON TOP COMPANIES, ECONOMY PUBLISHED
Harare BUSINESS HERALD in English 21 Oct 82 pp 7-12
{Selections from special report on "Top Companies & Economic Review"]

[Article by Professor Tony Hawkins, head of the Department of Business Studies,
University of Zimbabwe: "Government and Big Business Must Work Together"]

[Text] THE social responsibility of business,

according to Professor Milton Friedman,
is to increase profits, so long as the firm
engages in open and free competition,
without deception or fraud, While this may
be the most frequently-quoted assessment
of corporate social responsibility, it is
almost certainly a - 7

minority one.

In the United States,
opinion “polls have for
years concluded that more
than 60 percent of Ameri-
cans are mistrustful of
business. And yet even
socialists, while they
baulk at the concept of
“increasing” profits, ack-
nowledge that an ‘enter-
prise must earn a surplus,
or profit, in order to serv-
ice its capital, to renew
and replace | equipment
and to create new capa-
city and additional jobs.

‘It is generally accepted
that the most important
single determinant of new
investment in capacity
and employment is the ex-
pected rate of return,
which itself tends to be a
function of current pro-
fitability, extrapolated
with modifications, into
the future. .

The investment
guidelines published this
month by the Zimbabwe
_Government explicitly

acknowledge the links be-
tween social performance
on the one hand and pro-
fitability on the other.

It is Government policy
to have a strong and
viable private sector
“understandably inspired
by the economic return to
investment”,, _ operating
alongside the public sec-
tor. “But a private sector
that is also conscious of
and dedicated to the
economic and social ad-
vancement of the State of
Zimbabwe and its people

SIMPLISTIC

The Frieamanite pos!-
tion, simplistic as ever, is
that business leaders are
not only ill-equipped to in-
volve themselves in social
and even moral issues out-
side their field of alleged
expertise, but they have
no right to do so.
Managers are ‘the serv-
ants of their shareholders _

97

_tions. It 4

and, ‘as such, have a
responsibility to increase
earnings and dividends.
Such a viewpoint is too
simplistic because it as-
sumes that business de-
cision-making is a zero-
sum game. In other
words, investment in “so-
cial” performance must, in
Friedman’s. book, reduce
profits and dividends
In the very short run,
this may be so, but in the
longer run ‘such ex-
penditure. — on health,
education, improved rela-
tions with government or
organised labour, In-
formation disclosure, and
60 on — may well have a
favourable impact on
shareholder wealth, __
‘In any event, we kiuow
that business leaders do
not see themselves as an
island remote from the so-
cial, political and
economic environment i
which they conduct opera-
achiavelli,



from the World Bank and the 1-billion-rupee loan will be used in a completely
different way: We are going to use those loans to increase national production
and our exports abroad, to increase the production of products replacing im-
ports so as to increase our national wealth. That is why, far from putting
the country even more into debt, the’ loans will help us to rectify our balance
of payments and emerge from our indebtedness. That is why we definitely need
to pay very close attention to the conditions attached to the loans -- that is,
the interest rates above all and the period of repayment, along with other
conditions.

[Question] Mr Minister, one morning newspaper wrote that the sales tax will
not affect rice and flour. Can you confirm that?

[Answer] Yes, but please be a little patient while awaiting the "White
Paper." I confirm that, but do-not. believe that because I confirm it, the
sales tax will affect all other articles. It is better to wait for the "White
Book on the Sales Tax." There.will be a whole list of products not affected
by the sales tax.

[Question]. Mr Minister, one of the senior ministers, Mr Boodhoo, said at a
press conference that he sees no accomplishment by the private sector in the
past 4 months, even though you called for an economic recovery. According to
Boodhoo, you have nevertheless made many concessions to the private sector.
Inasmuch as you.said that the private sector has a great role to play, what
would you say about Boodhoo's statement?

[Answer] I have not had the opportunity to discuss that with Boodhoo recently.
I could do so on his return. I would then make my comments.

[Question] You promised details in two weeks on the Solidarity Fund for the
unemployed. Can you say how many persons you intend to aid with the 40 mil-
lion that you saved for that fund?

[Answer] You are trying to make me say in advance what I will tell the
country in two weeks. I am therefore asking you to be patient. In two weeks,
we shall give all the details: the number of heads of family, the amount

per family, supervision, administration and all other aspects.

11,464
cso: 3419/139

38