NIGER

CARE PROJECTS TO HELP COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN BOUZA
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 10-12 Oct 86 p 3

[Text] With its western part consisting primarily of a succession of
lateritic plateaus and fertile valleys, the largest of which is Maggia, Bouza
is struggling to become self-sufficient in food and to reforest. The hope of
the district is Maggia, which has received aid from CARE International in the
form of windbreaks.

Ever since it was started in Bouza district in 1975, CARE International's
agricultural and forestry project has been trying to halt desertification. In
Maggia for example, 320 linear km of windbreaks have been completed under the
project. In Yeglalane, 73 hectares of dunes were stabilized between 1978 and
1983, for a total of 22 dunes. The project was terminated in 1983, but work
is continuing to maintain these advances, and plantations are being replanted
by the local people themselves.

In 1984 the CARE International project built 8 village nurseries to encourage
wide-scale forestation. It also set up individual mini-nurseries~-including
99 this year in Yeglalane--and others in Maggia, to encourage the peasants to
plant.

In 1987 CARE International's agricultural and forestry project intends to
diversify its activities by decentralizing.

For this purpose CARE will provide financial aid amounting to 25 million CFA
francs to Bouza district. Starting next year, CARE's activities will affect
other areas of the district, notably the eastern part, an excellent
agricultural zone threatened by wind erosion. To combat this, it will receive
windbreaks.

Under the 1986-87 subregional program, environmental protection activities
will be intensified. The local development councils in Atako and Kourafane
have recommended that 35,000 plants produced as quickset hedge be used to
protect off-season crop sites and kori hillsides.

The CARE International project wants to open up isolated areas as part of its

activities, and is therefore planning to build a roadway linking Tounfafi and
Karaye, for a distance of 40 km.

13



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

AIR FORCE CHIEF ON MACHEL CRASH
MB021919 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1815 GMT 2 Nov 86

[Interview with chief of the air force, General Dennis Earp, by Ruda Landman
on the "Network" program, introduced by Kolie van Koller--live; interview con-
ducted in English]

[Text] [Van Koller] The air crash in which President Samora Machel of Mozam-
bique was killed has led to a series of accusations against South Africa.
Throughout the world, but especially among the southern African states, it is
being claimed that South Africa had a hand in the accident. In the studio, we
have the chief of the air force, General Dennis Earp.

[Landman] Good evening, Gen Earp, and very welcome to the "Network" studio.
[Earp] Good evening, Ruda.

[Landman] In the first place, do you personally really know what happened
at Komatipoort last Sunday night? Were you there?

[Earp] No, I was not there at the impact, but I think I have a fairly good idea
of what happened.

[Landman] You were there afterward?

[Earp] I was there shortly afterward, on Monday morning, and I did walk around
at the scene of the accident, with General Hama Thai, who is my opposite number
from Mozambique.

{Landman] Why do you feel that the air force, specifically, should respond?

[Earp] Well, there have been some accusations made. First they said we shot
it down. I feel that rather puts us in the dock. There have also been alle-
gations that we bent beams or planted false beacons. There have been allega-
tions that the air force was very slow to inform anybody. They have implied
that we were remiss in reporting that a radar blip had disappeared from our
screens.

[Landman] Okay, so let us take that one by one. If we look at the Harare
HERALD, then they were the one, I think, who spoke about what they called a

34



The police have been »
criticised for failure to
allocate more man-
power to the lowly
“beat”, but a familiar
sight in central Harare
is the blue and white
uniform of the new “mu-
nicipal constables” re-
cruited since indepen-
dence in 1980 from the
ranks of former Zanla
guerilla combatants.

The . unarmed con-
stables are reported by
the city council to have
assisted greatly in sup-
pression of petty crime.

In Marondera _ the
regular police. have
come under fire for fail-
ure to respond to emer-
gency calls. Senator Van
Reenen complained
police came‘only the fol-
lowing day to investigate
robberies, one of which
resulted in an elderly
person being taken to
hospital.

Mr‘ Auret told Zacro
he had heard .of thou-
sands of cases in which
police gave the excuse
they lacked the man-
power or vehicles to
react to reports of
crimes.

More efficient - plan-
ning and more careful
use of police vehicles
was needed, he said, re-
ferring to trucks being
put off the road by bad
driving.

Mr Auret also criti-
cised Zimbabwe's
policemen for being
sloppily dressed. While
he was happy to see se-
curity firms providing
jobs as guards for unem-
ployed Zimbabweans, he
objected to their having
to duplicate the work for
which the state paid its
police force.

Legal experts point
out that Zimbabwe, with
policemen who do not
customarily carry guns,
still has a far lower
crime rate than neigh-

/8309
cso: 3400/434

@ouring Zambia, Mozam-
bique or South Africa.

In Matabeleland, the
number of armed robbe-
ries appears to be fall-
ing off, with increasing
assistance being given
the security forces by
the local people in re-
porting renegade ex-
guerillas.

The thousands of ha-
bitual criminals freed
under the immediate
Post-independence am-
nesties are now back be-
hind bars.

A large consignment
of new motorcycles, im-
ported for the Non
Aligned Movement sum-
mit, should help alle-
viate the chronic police
transport headaches.

But the one problem
Zimbabwe has not de-
feated is creating suffi-
cient employment for its
100000 youngsters leav-
ing school each year —
only an average 8 000 get
jobs.

Rising unemployment
and urban poverty may
be harder to remedy
than police inefficiency,
criminologists fear, im-
perilling the long taken-
for-granted atmosphere
of friendliness and sun-

‘shine in Zimbabwean

streets and avenues, —
Sapa

30



SADF STOCKS GIANT AMMUNITION DEPOT IN DE AAR

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 25 Oct 86 p 7

[Text]

/8309
CSO:

3400/433

THE South African Defence Force has finally com-
pleted and stocked a massive ammunition depot in
the small town of De Aar in the North-Eastern Cape.

It took a number of trains running “every day for
months” it fill the depot, believed to be the largest
in South Africa.

The existence of the De Aar depot was disclosed
in evidence to the Parliamentary Select Committee

on Public Accounts by Vice-Admiral M A Bekker,

the SADF’s Chief of Staff Finance.

In his evidence to the committee, whose report
was released in Parliament yesterday, the admiral
gave details of the “massive operation” required to
move ammunition “four times the capacity of Jan
Kempdorp” to the new giant depot.

He told the committee “it was not a simple matter
of stocktaking in a year”.

It was also disclosed that in the 1984/5 financial
year R29 million was deposited in an overseas bank
under the Special Defence Account to support bank
guarantees issued on behalf of Armscor.

The admiral said that through these overseas
accounts “Armscor does the acquisition for Defence
— the money is then an advance to Armscor”.

Mr Harry Schwarz, PFP spokesman on finance,
said that in terms of the executive order issued by
President Ronald Reagan a number of firms, includ-
ing Armscor, had been listed.

“There seems to be a lack of confidentiality in
relation to SA defence matters.”

General Jannie Geldenhuys, head of the SADF,

.said: “We ourselves would like to see more confi-

dentiality.
The admiral maintained that “when it come to
overseas suppliers, their names are kept secret”.
However, Mr Schwarz said the names on Presi-
dent Reagan’s list were local firms.
The admiral replied: “If the firm is engaged in the
manufacturing of weapons, every employee of the
company knows it. How do you keep it secret?”

39

JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA-86-122
11 December 1996

MALAWI

BRIEFS

NORWEGIAN AID--Zomba, Malawi--Norway is to give Malawi a grant of R15 million

to develop the central African nation's re-afforestation programme, mainly

for fuelwood. The aid accord was signed Saturday by the Finance Minister,

Mr Dalton Katopola and Mr Andreas Christiani, Norway's consul to Malawi.
--SAPA-REUTER [Text] [Johannesburg THE CITIZEN in English 27 Oct 86 p 5] /8309

CSO: 3400/435



19274
cso:

3400/432

“field, and they can make in-

puts in policy issues. That is
important, what Schrire is do-

‘but one should also make
other kinds of contribution,
such as my, own interest in
morality and local ideas. I
hope this would be relevant
to the debate.

“You can become a kind of
elite institution; UCT is in
danger of this, (of becoming)
locked into a certain kind of
decision-making for the cor-
porations and the state. Mine
pil be a less elitist contribu-
lon.

“One problem of techno-
cratic decision-making is that
it closes off the moral debate.
You start with certain givens
determined by the Govern-
ment or corporation and you
just provide the detailed info
to be put to use by them.”

Dr Seegers is even more
wary of doing anything which
might be interpreted as “ser-
vicing the state”.

This would provoke an im-
mediate reaction (in the black
community).

She also doubted the ability
of intellectuals to influence
events.

“White liberai opposition is
largly about good manners.
The thrust of change is else-
where. When Frelimo took
over they had one PhD and 50
graduates. Though the ANC is
a bit more like Zanu or Zapu.
They do read.”

WETHER or not you be-
lieve that the depart-
ment can influence the course
of events is deeply rooted in
fundamental ideological dif-
ferences. .
Liberals are inclined to be-
lieve you can and this is a
largly liberal department (for

which it has been criticised).

Marxists believe. that it is
primarily economic forces-
which determine political
events.

Mr Collins says: “My own
belief is that ideas play a
large part in history. If you
take the Marxist view you
will consider the think tank a
pretentious bourgeois luxury,
an ivory tower ...”

There is no doubt that that
is the view of a growing
clique in the university, the
sort of student and lecturer
who disrupted or condoned
the disruption of the lecture
course of the Irish academic,
Dr Conor Cruise O’Brein, be-
cause he had flouted the aca-
demic boycott decreed by the
ANC.

This is a development
which Professor Welsh —
long a champion of academic:
freedom — has found so omi-
nous and disturbing that he
has begun to talk about retir-
ing.

Professor Totemeyer
warns of the danger of aca-
demics going into “inner ex-
ile” as the circumstances be-
came less and less favourable
to debate.

Professor Giliothee identi-
fied the problem very sharply
in his recent inaugural lec-
ture at UCT while discussing '
the search for reasonable so-
lutions to South Africa’s prob-
lems:

“I have been shocked to
hear some academics say
that it is not for academics to
pronounce on such things
since ‘the people’ have decid-

“As a student, I often heard
the phrase die volk het bes-
luit and I cannot say that the
lack of questioning of party
leaders .or the volkswil has
done the chances for democ-
racy in this country any
00d.” see

67



"REVOLUTIONARY EDGE'

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

SAID APPEARING IN BLACK PROTEST MOVEMENT

Harare THE HERALD in English 31 Oct 86 p 8

[Text]

still in controi of its rail-
ways and harbours,. iis
airports ard military in-

stallaiions, Its ‘com- °

mercial cenires may be
emptied py consumer
‘boycotis and threatened
vy limpet mine . atiacks
buc they remain im
business,

The sprawling odlack.
townships are. another
maiier. Governing them
is increasingly ‘jecoming
a logistic impossibility.
They can only be be-
sieged.

‘The point was made in
@ recent parliamentary
debate by Mr Roger Hui
iey, the opposition Pro-
Sressive Federal Party
member for Constantia,
an affluent Cape Towa
suburb,

He said the govern-
ment had aiready “lost
control of a number of
black areas”.

“The control _ they
have,” he said, “hardly
extends further than the
short shooting range of a
patrolling Caspir as it
moves through the town-

shi

BLACK protest.in South Africa ia rapidly acquiring :
a revolutionary edge. In black Pipa lactose
the country

ag never before — capturing
students and workers aad revit the ghettos
with 4 new sense. of power. Not content with render-
ing the townships ungovernable, the new. mood is
creatiny alternative. structures of a people’s govern- -
ment’ challenges the foundations of the status quo. .

THE Pretoria regime is’:

Mamelodi, a large black
township east of
Pretoria, strikingly ilust-
' rates the creation -.of
people's power in de-

the community siruggie
has become apparent, In
Mamelodi it began with
the emergence of street
committees which were

fiance of the establish-
ment and despite the fact
that in the final resort.
the township igs still at
the mercy of the army.

Tt still has its town
council, Pretoria’s
Substitute for genuinei
township government.|
But since August last’
year, the mayor and
three councillors have
resigned and those. that:
remain are totally de-
pendent on tection :
from the army.

‘Typical of many town-
ships the thoroughiy dis.
credited councils - have
been replaced by com-
munity organisations,. in
this case the Mamelodi
Youth Organisation and
the Mamelodi Parents’
Alssociaiion.

‘They have been in the
forefront of _ consumer

|noyeotts and siay-way

campaigns, They have
mobilised the community
sroung local issues und
raised national demands.
In recent months, how-
ever, a new dimension to

49

started by Mayo in June
last year to weed out
criminals who were using
the political protesis as a
foil for their more mer-
cena: activities.
tol”, jovember after the
wh council stopped the
refuse collection services
im response to a wide-
spread rent strike, the
street committees exten-
ded_ their role to the col-
lection of garoage. Then
in the dusty and desolate
township, with rugal
resources, they began to
build parks and rockeries.

It marked the be-
ginring of a community
attempt to provide iis
own judicial process and
municipal uervice, =A
member of Mayo — many
of whom are unemployed
— explains the new in-
wiative which gathered
momentum after police
shot dead 13 people in the
towrship in November
last year.

“After the killings, we
began a house to house
campaign to get people
not to associate with the
police or the admims-



UCCP LEADER RULES OUT MERGER WITH NRP

JIPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 31 Oct-6 Nov 86 p 11

[Article by Sefako Nyaka]

[Text]

THE leader of the United Christian
Conciliation Party (UCCP), Bishop
Isaac Mokoena, has ruled out any"
plans of a merger with the New
Republic Party — although the two
parties meet for “exploratory talks” in.
Johannesburg next Wednesday.
Representatives of both parties
refused to discuss the agenda of.
Wednesday’s meeting. But it has been
reliably learnt that the possibility of a
merger is high on the NRP’s agenda, .
if not on that of the UCCP. t
Many political analysts believe the
NRP's role as a political party has
become redundant. The party might
be involved in talks with the UCCP as
a last attempt to depart from the South
African political scene with “some
grace”. 7

19274

cso: 3400/392

But Mokoena ‘said this week his
party would not consider a merger at
this early stage, as it would upset “the
aspirations of the party.

“We wouldn’t like the party (UCCP) |
to be too white, but we would -

welcome individuals from the NRP
applying to join our party,” he said.

He said there are “vital and crucial”
matters which his party wants to
discuss with the government. And at
the moment his party should assert
itself as an effective force for change
in the country.

UCCP liaison officer Dr E Malam,
said in the past there had been, and
still are, “subversive” parties who
came up claiming to represent the
aspirations of people in the country
and it is time the UCCP pursues the
goals it’has set forth for itself.

47

Among its goals is “to participate as
a political party in its own right and as
a force of moderation and conciliation
in the future of South Africa”.

The UCCP, which has six
community councillors and some
well-known defenders of government
policy on its executive, was launched
early this month in a move seen as part
of the government’s plan to groom
moderate blacks for the National
Statutory-Council.

Soon after the party’s launch, some
of its leaders went overseas to talk to
“conservative” members of the
European parliament.

The party has not yet held a meeting
in the townships, despite claims by its
members that they would be
recruiting actively in the townships.



vyarmers of the area, were left without
land or rights, deprived of our only
source of income,” he said.

“All the improvements that the
small farmers have introduced over
the years were handed over to the
outsiders.”

Bekeur said he was denied access to
the communal grazing area and his
garden plot was taken from him in
April last year. “I lost my right to
grow vegetables and sow seeds and I
never received any compensation.”

University of Stellenbosch student,
Fiona Archer, who has done extensive
research in Namaqualand, said some
members of the community could
afford to rent plots, but they had
refused to and had rejected the
proposed scheme as harmful to the
community.

She referred to the evidence given
to the commission by a witness who
said “As ek die plas vat, wat van my
broer? Dis die gemeenskap se land.”
(“If I take the farm what will happen
to my brother? It’s the community’s
land.”)

Archer warned that the Leliefontein
community was being riven by
conflict over whether or not to apply
for the plots. Families were being
divided and the church, a central
feature of the small community, was
“split in two”.

In her evidence before. the
commission Archer warned that the
community, who were largely
dependent on firewood. for their
energy supply, were suffering from a
shortage of firewood on the land
available to them.

Photographer Bernard Peréz, who |

documents the living conditions of the
rural communities of the
Namaqualand, told Weekly Mail he
knew of families who were recently.
fined for trespassing on land they had
been using for the past 10 or 20 years.

Andries Nero, 53, who has been
farming all his life, recently had 44
sheep confiscated. Perez said the stock
was seized late in the night and taken
to the municipal pound. To reclaim
his sheep Nero was told he would have
to pay RLO a head. “He didn’t have the

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

money and virtually his entire stock
was auctioned off.”

Perez said the community felt
particularly bitter about being forced
off land they felt they had paid for,
through taxes of R30 to R40 a year.

: “One man has even been to jail for not

paying his tax, and now they are being
kicked out.”

The effects of the privatisation
scheme are already being felt, Perez
said. This year for the first time the
Red Cross distributed mielie meal in
Leliefontein. For many families old
age pénsions are now their only
source of income.

There were no opportunities for
employment in the towns at all, he
added. Workseekers “have to go to
the mines further north or to Cape
Town if they want to find a job.”

According to Perez, the community
fears the Leliefontein area will be
treated as-a test case. If the inquiry
endorses the subdivision of the land it
is likely a vast region of the
Namaqualand will in time be
privatised.

Peasants Face Starvation for Lack of Land

Johannesburg CITY PRESS in English 26 Oct 86 p 7

[Text]

PEASANTS in the Nama-
qualand town of Leliefon-
tein are facing starvation
and mass umemployment
because of a House of Re-
presentatives scheme to di-
vide the land they’ve shared
for generations into 47 pri-
vately-owned plots.

‘And City Press was told
that most of the farms al-
ready rented out have been
snatched up by members of
the local management com-
mittee and by the teachers,
artisans and shopkeepers in
the towns.

Angry
The community is angry
that their land is being hand-
ed over to virtual strangers
who are ngw to farming,
sources in Cane Town said.

19274

csO: 3400/392

Photographer Bernard
Perez, who is putting togeth-
er a book of photographs on
the peasants of Namaqua-
land, said wealthy residents
of the village were renting
the farms and fencing off
their properties.

He said the peasants, who
have used the State-owned
land for years, “face mass
starvation”.

He said families were be-
ing fined for trespassing on
land they've been using for
the past 10 or 20 years.

Andries Nero, convicted
of trespassing, had 44 sheep
confiscated. His stock was
seized “late at night and tak-
en to the municipal pound”,
Perez said. He was told he
had to pay RIO a head to
reclaim them.

53

Auctioned

“He didn’t have the mon-
cy and almost his entire
stock was auctioned off.
Nero is 53 years old and has
been a farmer: all his life.
Now he has to find a job.”

This week representatives
of the 700-strong peasant
community appeared before
a commission of inquiry set
up carlier this month to ap-
peal against the move.

‘According to a Local
Government housing and
agriculture spokesman, not
more than 150 people can be
accommodated on the new
farms. Department agricul-
tural officer J Smuts said he
had no “idea what would
happen: to the others”.



IPRS~SSA-86~1
122
11 December 1936

ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR BLACK YOUTHS DESCRIBED

Johannesburg THE STAR in English 1 Nov 86 p 6

[article by Sara Martin]

(Text] ‘The college has expanded its facili-
han: ek ties and teaching staff to accommo-
A SohnnebergCallege hs developed Gates programme, bu epnor fo
a the pupils are badly needed. There are
an attempt to aid the increasing num-
bers of black youths entering the work currently only a few students attending
force and help the continuing crisis in various courses at the college who are
black education. sponsored — there is an endless queue
“We receive many phone calls daily, of people hoping to be admitted.
especially from black women who are If only more companies would
keen to work but cannot find employ- Sponsor one or two black students, the
ment because they have no skills,” said college would: train them and help
Mrs Lesley Carnelley, principal of them find jobs,” said Mrs Carnelley.
Drake College. “The more black youths enter the
“That was when I decided to devise a work force as skilled contributors, the
new course offering English, word pro- greater the contribution to the develop-
cessing, secretarial and office clerical ment of the economy.”
training. The level of each student is The cost of the five-month “South
taken into consideration and a course African First Chance Scholarship Pro-
is recommended for each.” gramme” is R750, plus R25 registration
Classes are scheduled for afternoons fees. The Pitman of London examina-
and evenings to make provision for _ tion fee is an additional R30 per exami-
students already in employment. nation.
19274
cso: 3400/431

57

SOUTH AFRICA



JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CABINET CHANGES VACATE 4 PARLIAMENT POSITIONS
MB060624 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 5 Nov 86

{Text] Yesterday's cabinet reshuffle will result in at least four seats in
parliament becoming vacant shortly. In the case of North Rand by-elections
will be held probably early next year.

Of the six seats affected by the reshuffle there is uncertainty about two.
These are the seats of the outgoing deputy minister of information, Mr Louis
Nel, and the outgoing deputy minister of agriculture and water affairs in the
House of Assembly, Mr Sarel Hayward. Mr Nel has not yet indicated what his
future plans are, but, if he accepts a post outside parliament, his seat,
Pretoria Central, will become vacant. Mr Hayward says he has plans to resign
his seat of Graaf Reinet but cannot be definite about it. The seats that are
definitely going to become vacant are Aliway, the seat of outgoing speaker of
the House Assembly, Mr Johan Greef; Delmas, the seat of the outgoing minister
of transport affairs, Mr Hendrik Schoeman; Durbanville, the seat of outgoing
minister of communications and public works, Dr Lapa Munnik; and Cradock, the
seat of the outgoing minister of health services and welfare in the House of
Assembly, Dr De Villiers Morrison. In the President's Council two further
vacancies besides that of Dr (Frank Quin) will be created shortly. These are
those of Mr Dani Hough, who has been appointed deputy minister of economic
affairs and technology; and Mr (Joop Henning), who has indicated that he will
retire,

/12232
cso: 3400/406

45



SIX-YEAR ECONOMIC TIES RENEWED WITH IRAQ
Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Oct 86 p 4
[Text]

ZIMBABWE and Iraq yesterday verified their six-year old economic,’
trade and co-operation agreement during a signing ceremony in Harare:

after the third session: ‘They emphasised the
of the joint commis- need to strengthen bila-
. teral co-operation since
sion.on the pact. . ‘was. viewed as the basis

19274
cso: 3400/430

17

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE



decoy beacon, and a technique of bending the beam which was apparently used in
World War II. Is there any possibility that the South African Air Force could
actually do such a thing?

[Earp] A decoy beacon is in theory always possible. But if there was a decoy
beacon, then on the instruments of the aircraft, a needle should have been
pointing straight ahead.

[Landman] At this decoy beacon?

[Earp] At the beacon. Now, I was there, on Monday morning, and I could see
the navigator's panel in the remains of the fuselage. I could not see the
pilot's panel, because the pilot and copilot were still in position and it was
a bit messy. But on the navigator's panel the two radio compass needles were
pointing in opposite directions.

[Landman] Directly opposite? One hundred and eighty degrees?

[Earp] Not exactly. But by looking at the frequencies that were set up for
these beacons...

[Landman, interrupting] Those are the existing beacons, in Maputo and Nelspruit?

[Earp] In fact, there is a beacon at Nelspruit, which is over there [points
to map of eastern border area], and there is a beacon at Maputo, which is over
there. And the frequencies set up, although not quite clear, because there
was a lot of mud and sand over the instrument, make it possible that they were
tuned in on those two beacons.

[Landman] And that is why they pointed in that direction and in that direction?

[Earp] Correct. Now, the reason I mention the matter of the beacons is, if.
can refer again to this radar plot in the map...

[Landman, interrupting] Excuse me, if you say a radar plot, is that what the
South African Air Force picked up from their radar screens?

{Earp] That is correct. This here [points at map] represents the air corridor
that goes through Limpopo beacon to Maputo. And this [points at map] is the
corridor which the aircraft should have been following. This is in fact the
route that our radar saw it follow. The times are times in local time--2045,
and 2116 was the last time that the plot was logged. This beacon [points at
Mozambican beacon] has been off the air for about a year.

[Landman] So it could not have been on its way there?
[Earp] No. It is possible, however, that they thought they were following this
route. And it is normal practice for people to tune in on beacons that do work,

such as Phalaborwa, Nelspruit, and Hoedspruit. So it is possible that they tuned
on Nelspruit and on Maputo.

35



of just another lecturer with
an MA, who would take an-
other 10 years to get to his
level”.

Du Toit is the second prize
catch that UCT has landed
from Stellenbosch in the last
few years — the first was
Professor Giliomee himself.

Professor Giliomee says
that UCT is now “one of the
most stimulating academic
places in South Africa, or the
world. There are lots of good
work, good studies and inter-
disciplinary seminars.

Has the department now
become a kind of think-tank
with the “critical mass”, as
Professor Giliomee put it, to

make a real impact on politi-

cal events ?
There is disagreement in

the department about the |

merits or the possibility of
doing this. But clearly,-many
are itching to bring a little
reason into the political
world, and who are not sqea-
mish about getting their
hands dirty in the politics of
the day.

Professor Welsh once stood
for Parliament — for the
PFP — and would go into
politics again if he thought it
would serve a purpose.

The desire to replace
apartheid, he says, is at the
root of all of his writing.

HAT is the intention, but

how much impact can an *

academic — or even some-
thing of an intellectual jug-
gernaut like this — have on
events?

Professor Welsh, himself,
concedes that this job is a bit
like “teaching navigation
while the ship is sinking”.

“There are many people
with great resourcefulness
but no power, and those with
power with no ideas. This is
the frustration, especially of
English universities.”

But Professor Schrire is op-
timistic enough to have
founded the Institute for the
Study of Public Policy (ISPP),
which will produce policy
blueprints as alternatives to
government policy.

“I am not naive enough to
believe that if we came up

with the perfect solution, the
Government would take it.”

He believes, though, that
the ISPP — which will be-
come the closest thing in
South Africa to the classic
American “think tanks”, such
as the famous Brookings In-
stitute — could influence pol-
icy by giving the opposition
forces tools with which to
pressure the Government.

If the Labour Party, for in-
stance, had a detailed alter-
native budget proposal
worked out for them by the
ISPP every year, they might
be in a better position to bar-
gain money from the Govern-
ment, which now tells them
their demands for money are
impractical.

ROFESSOR  Schrire

points out that when, in
the 70s, the Heritage Founda-
tion in America produced a
policy blueprint to be imple-
mented by a hypothetical re-
actionary right-wing. presi-
dent, they were regarded as
nut cases.

But that reactionary right
wing president came to pow-
er, and the Heritage Founda-
tion blueprint became his Bi-
ble, implemented virtually to
the letter.

But perhaps most confident
of all is Mr Collins.

“The single greatest threat
to the survival of South Afri-
ca is not international pres-
sure, but a lack of political ,
imagination, talent and skill.

“J personally think you can
bring enough brainpower to
bear to solve even the central
problem of persuading people
to give up exclusive power.

“T think if the overwhelm-
ing majority of South Afri-
cans, black and white, really
understood where their best
interests lay, they would have
no difficulty in finding a con-
stitutional accommodation to
which they could all belong.”

Professor Du Toit says:
“The term ‘think tank’ presup-
poses a kind of technocratic
politics. The idea is that you
have access to experts in a

66


SOUTH AFRICA

AFRIKANER/ GOVERNMENT

BLACKS

Treurnicht Reacts to Zimbabwe~Mozambique ‘Plot’
(SAPA, 7 Nov 86) ecoceeseesoevceccecs

Air Force Chief on Machel Crash
(Dennis Earp Interview; Johannesburg Television Service,

2 Nov 86) seovcceececceeecveesecsssceesscescsececeessenaey

SADF Stocks Giant Ammunition Depot in De Aar
(CAPE TIMES, 25 Oct 86) cesoosesecsceveesccerccsececoseees

P. W. Botha Hails Success of Business Conference
(Johannesburg Television Service, 7 Nov 86) ssssoerecoeeee

De Beer Says NECC Seeks To Undermine Discipline
(SAPA, 4 Nov 86) coccceeecccecsssscccvevcsceccesoses

Conservatives Claim Buthelezi Sympathizes With ANC
(SAPA, 2 Nov 86) coevceoeeccecccecsscescoeseecccevecssseee

Cabinet Changes Vacate 4 Parliament Positions
(Johannesburg Television Service, 5 Nov 86) sssccsereoeeee

Briefs
East Cape Infantry Force Formed
Black-White Cooperation Encouraged

UCCP Leader Rules Out Merger With NRP
(Sefako Nyaka; THE WEEKLY MAIL, 31 Oct~6 Nov 86) cvcssoece

ANC Reveals Secret Operations on British TV
(CAPE TIMES, 28 Oct 86) ...-

"Revolutionary Edge' Said Appearing in Black Protest Movement
(THE HERALD, 31 Oct 86) soescecevceecesccccessoce

Knysna Gets New Black Township
(WEEKEND POST, 25 Oct 86) socecesceveccecesereroessceoeces

Government Plan To Carve Up Namaqualand Meets Resistance
(THE WEEKLY MAIL, 31 Oct~6 Nov 86; CITY PRESS, 26 Oct 86)

"Economic Farming Units’ Envisaged, by Moira Levy
Peasants Face Starvation for Lack of Land

33

34

39

40

AL

43

45

46

46

47

48

49

51

52

52


JPRS-SSA-86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

NRP SEEKS BLACK REPRESENTATION--Johannesburg, 8 November SAPA--The leader of the
New Republic Party [NRP], Mr Bill Sutton, says the speedy inclusion of blacks
in a fourth chamber in Parliament is the last opportunity to safeguard Parlia-
ment against a majoirty dispensation, SABC radio news reports. Speaking at the
party's Transvaal Congress in Johannesburg today, Mr Sutton said that if blacks
were not involved now, there would be no other choice than to return to the
Westminister system and a majority government. For this reason the NRP was
striving for a type of multi-racial multi-party coalition which would make
provision for the immediate inclusion of blacks in power structures. Referring
to the party's future, Mr Sutton said he could give no guarantee that the NRP
would continue to exist. [Text] [Johannesburg SAPA in English 2330 GMT 8 Nov 86
MB] = /12232

MINISTER ON TECHNICAL TRAINING-~South Africa faced an enormous and unprede-
dented demand for technological manpower, Education and Culture Minister in
the House of Assembly Piet Clase said at the weekend, Speaking at the open-
ing of the engineering complex at the Cape Technikon, he said only 1,4% of
men and 0,4% of women followed technical vocations in SA, The shortage of
technicians was estimated at 10,7% a few years ago, and was probably growing,
"We need well trained technologists, yet we resolve the crisis by training
engineers, 30% of whose work could be done by technologists. ‘This is a strange
way of solving the technological-manpower crisis, "The market is currently
signalling an economic upturn, Are we prepared for this rebirth or will a
lack of technically trained workers catch us unprepared?" With sanctions a
reality, an initial stimulatory period lay ahead, the Minister said. All this
would lead to an enormous and unprecedented demand for technological talent.
Steps had to be taken to discourage the prejudice against vocation-oriented

education, Clase added, [Text] [Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 27 Oct
86 p 11] [By Gerald Reilly] /9274

cso: 3400/432

69



JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

COMMENTARY CONDEMNS MEDIA ROLE IN MAPUTO ATTACKS
MB060816 Johannesburg International Service in English 0630 GMT 6 Nov 86
[Station commentary: "Attacks on South African Offices"]

[Text] It is with justification that South Africa regards in a serious light
the mob attacks on the offices of its representatives in neighboring states.
The incident in Maputo yesterday [as heard] was the second time in 2 weeks that
South African and Malawian offices in southern Africa were damaged by rioters
angered by political and racial conflict in the region and allegations that
South Africa was involved in the plane crash that killed former Mozambican
President Samora Machel. Similar scenes of violence and harassment were seen
in Harare 2 weeks ago.

These incidents would not have happened if rumormongering and false perceptions
had not been spread among the people of southern Africa and further afield.
There is no doubt whatsoever that the media is largely responsible for creating
and propagating the false perceptions of South Africa.

The tragedy which claimed the life of President Machel is a prime example of the
international media's treatment of South Africa. Some African leaders, and
other hostile to South Africa, wasted no time in blaming South Africa for the
crash. This was done without any shred of supportive evidence. In turn the
international media grabbed the opportunity of furthering its anti-South Africa
campaign in reporting, or speaking to, everyone pointing an accusing finger at
South Africa.

In Harare, the state-controlled newspaper, THE HERALD, said the most likely cause
of the crash. remained a direct South African attack on the presidential plane.

It added that President Machel was, quote, a casualty of apartheid as surely

as if his plane had been hit by South African missile shells or bullets, unquote.
With this sort of emotional rabble-rousing, it is hardly surprising that thou-
sands of Zimbabwean youths went on the rampage, fire-bombing the offices of
South African Airways and the country's trade mission. It did not take long

for this violence to be unleashed against whites in the streets of Harare, in

a shocking outburst of racial hatred.

Now the same sort of thing has happened in Maputo, and there too the state radio
and newspapers must bear responsibility. It seems clear that the international
media's anti-South Africa campaign and the false perceptions created by it in the
minds of the public will continue for as long as rumor and rhetoric take prece-
dence over facts.

/12232 68
CSO: 3400/403


JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

Government Food Parcels; High TB Incidence

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 17 Oct 86 p 1

[Article by Chris Erasmus]

[Text]

NEARLY 6 000 food parcels will be distribut-
ed to hungry families on the Cape Flats in the
next six weeks. Four tons of food have al-
ready been given out since June.

It constitutes part of a campaign by the City Coun-
cil and the government to combat malnutrition
caused by widespread unemployment.

The drastic decline in living conditions of the
average black and coloured family has led to an
alarming rise in the incidence of tuberculosis in
these communities.”

“The incidence of TB cases is universally consid-
ered a reliable indicator of the economic conditions
of a community,” said Dr L R Tibbit, Medical Officer
of Health for the Cape Divisional Council.

According to his staff's statistics, new TB cases
among coloured people in the first six months this
year shot'up by almost 50 percent over the same
period last year.

Among black. people it has risen by 40 percent
over the same period.

Dr Reg Coogan, MOH for Cape Town City Council,
said the incidence of new TB cases among black and
coloured communities in their area'remained virtu-
ally constant but it was probably because of the
exodus of people to Khayelitsha.

Both MOUs said the incidence of other infectious
disease associated with poor socio-economic condi-
tions such as measles had been kept under control
by extensive immunization programmes.

However, Dr Coogan confirmed that his staff had
been reporting dramatic increases in people devel-
oping illnesses from chronic depression to malnu-
trition and alcoholism.

“We are very aware of the problem and have
already launched a nutritional drive to assist those
most in need.

“In June we started making donations of meat and
vegetables from stocks which we have managed to
get control of. In the past four months we have given
away four tons of this food from our poly-clinics
around the municipal area.”

71

Programme to combat hunger

Dr Coogan hopes to take delivery today or earl;
next week of5 B09 food parcels each containing 25ky
al foods sufficient i
fora month, to feed a family of five

he food parcels, donated by the Department of

National Health and Population Development, will
uted at a rate of 1 a week te ili

most in need, he said. 0 families

“We can’t feed everyone in the Cape Flats, but we
are at least trying to do something. The government
is fully aware of the extent of the problem through
reports from local health authorities and these food
parcels represent our share of a national pro-
gramme to combat malnutrition and hunger.”

Hilary Venables reports that the president of the
Cape Town Chamber of Commerce, Mr Peter Hugo,
said the Advice Office Forum’s two-week focus on
unemployment had highlighted “one of the major
problems facing us at the moment”.

He said unemployment was one of the Chamber's
main concerns, but that his organization could offer

no easy practical solutions”.

The director of the Cape Town Chamber of Indus-
tries, Mr Colin McCarthy, said he was pessimistic
about the chanens of a significant upswing in the
ecunomy in the foreseeable future.



19274
cso:

nurses, and offices for
various government de-
partments in order to en-
tice them to move to
Mashonaland West,

“I am glad to note that
a start in this direction
is being made especially
now that we recognise
the fact that Government
resources are limited,

“However, it is impe-
rative that personnel und
meaningful decision-
making should be decen-
tralised in order to
achieve speedy and effi-
cient implementation cf
our development pro-
grammes.”

He also urged sndus-
tries to invest and expand
by moving into grow!
Points so ag to curb the
current . influx into the
larger industria centres
like Harare, Bulawayo,
Gweru and Mutare. “This
will mean that there will
‘be no scrambie for accom-
modation, services and so
om in the larger centres
which seem to keep grow-
ing. What is available in
Harare shoulg be avajl-
able at Zvimba, ang this
in its own right increases
employment.”

Cde Chivende said an-
other development pric-
rity was the Omay area,
which needed to be
opened up for develop-
ment.

“We need to build a
tarred road from Karol
to Omay to open up the
area, A good road will
obviously make people
want to visit the area and
it becomes accessible, so
clinics, schools ang other
roads will start mush-
rooming as the develop-
Ment of the area gathers
momentum,”

3400/430

The provision of elec-
tricity and a clean water
supply including accom-
modation for nurses and
teachers would make the
area more attractive to
settle in, therefore speed-
ing up its development.

There is a lot of wild-
life in the Omay area and
the area could easily be-
come a great tourist at-
traction if it is made ac-
cessible,

“We need about $70
million to effectively de-
velop the province and a
greater proportion of that
figure should be channel-
led towards the develop-
Ment of remote areas
like Omay.”

The bulk of the money
would be from the Public
Sector Investment Pro-
gramme, donor agencies,
local authorities, non-
governmental organisa-
tions and the Mashona-
lang West Development
Association; ang the vil-
lage and ward develop-
ment committee were be-
ing urged to encourage
the people through the
party, Zanu (PF) to use
their self-reliance initia-
tlves to spearhead devel-
opment of the province.

He hoped that tourism
and the fishing industry
in the province would be
developed for the benefit
of population go that it
could appreciate its value.

“For example, the peo-
ple of Omay started

28

appreciating the value of
their wildlife after the
Ministry of Natural Re-
sources gave them money
from game skin proceeds.
‘That should happen to the
fishing industry as well,
and, I am sure there will
be less poaching as the
people will know that
game and fish need to be
protected for their bene-
at” f

Cde Chivende said that:
Agritex in hig province
was busy explaining to
to people the need to
diversify from maize in
Tesponse to the recent
Government call to reduce
the _hectarage under
maize in Zimbabwe fol-
lowing this season’s huge
surplus,

“LT am proud to be the
governor of this province
because, it is the bread
basket of Zimbabwe..
‘There is no hunger in this
province. If you visit
Hurungwe today, you will
find 30 trucks struggling
to ferry the huge harvest
to the Grain Marketing
Board.”

Turning to reafforesta-
tion, the governor said
that the problem of de-
forestation was not serious
in the province.

Other programmes in-
clude the development of
more communication ser-
vices such ag the deve-
lopment of road and rait
networks and the estab-
lishment of efficient teie-
commur'cation systems.


The main economic activity of the people living in Bouza district is
agriculture. There is a diversity of crops grown in the western and eastern
parts of the district. The West is propitious for both winter and dry season
crops. As for the East, it is a region of sand dunes where only rain-fed
crops are planted.

Modern commerce is relatively undeveloped, and there are no business firms in
Bouza. In general, producers export farm products such as tobacco and some
cattle to Nigeria, and import manufactures, which are sold at exorbitant
prices on the markets. However, cottage industry is highly developed in
Bouza. The district in fact has the reputation for being the handicrafts
“capital” of the region.

To develop commercial activities, the subregional council's development
program includes plans to build a new market with sheds and stalls adapted to
current needs, at a cost of Fr 6 million.

Even though Bouza district has traditionally been unable to feed itself
because of a shortage of arable land, income crops, such as cotton grown in
Maggia, strengthen the economy of this community. Cotton alone brings in
nearly 26 million CFAF after marketing, and niebe brings in 35 million CFA
francs.

Millet is also sold, and is responsible for financial receipts of 35 million
CFA francs. The food situation is thus not a major concern in the region, as
there are 657 tons of millet in reserve which could largely cover the
district's needs.

Despite the presence of all the traditional administrative services and RN16,
there are no gas stations in Bouza. This poses a serious refueling problem as
this must currently be done in Madaoua or Konni.

On the social side, the subregional development program plans to focus its
efforts on putting an end to certain problems affecting youth. These include
delinquency and the rural exodus. The subregional council intends to set up
youth rehabilitation centers. Young people from 12 to 15 years of age will be
taught practical skills, such as leather-working and carpentry. The center
will have basically the same approach as the Dakoro re-education center.

In the specific area of health, Bouza has a medical complex established in
1973 with a clinic, a hospital block with a 20-bed capacity, a PMI center and
5 rural dispensaries.

These medical facilities are far from sufficient. It is therefore essential
to create 3 additional medical stations to meet urgent needs. In the area of
training first aid workers and midwives, 87 out of the 129 villages in the
district are currently covered. The shortage of pharmaceuticals is also a
serious problem in Bouza.

In education, Bouza has been training primary school teachers since the start
of the 1985 school year in October.

14


JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

PRIVATE BUSINESSMEN WARNED OF CONDITIONS IN MOZAMBIQUE

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 1

[Text]

A CALL has been made for pri-
vate enterprises to establish a
Beira Corridor advisory service,
to inform local businessmen in-
tending to start trade in, or
through Mozambique, about the
infrastructure and economic facil-
ities in that country.

Ina recent letter to the president
of the Zimbabwe National Chamber
of Commerce (ZNCC), the manag-
ing director of a local company,
Radiocommunication Systems, who
has travelled to, and worked in
Mozambique on’ several different
occasions since 1980, warns local
businessmen against a state of ““eu-
phoria’? on various projects after
being taken on conducted tours to
Beira.

Problems at governmental level
include administrative delays. ‘For
example, it took more than a year
for the two postal administrations to
officially allocate radio operating
frequencies for use on our vital oil
pipeline,”” he claimed.

““After three years of procrasti-
nation, the Zimbabwe Ministry of
Trade and Commerce has not yet is-
sued (or really refused) an import
licence for radio communications
systems ordered by the Mozambi-
cans following direct talks between
the respective ministers.

“Also it is understood that the

/8309
csO: 3400/434

creation by Zimbabweans of beach-
side holiday cottages or caravan
parks has been rejected as ‘*Beira
is not yet open to tourists’’.
“The Mozambican Railways
have also declined to have another
radio system installed which was in-
tended to facilitate liaison with the
NRZ and which was engineered by
Zimbabweans and donated to our
two nations by Usaid. For reasons
of diplomatic niceties, NRZ have
not been permitted to interfere with
CFM’s plans for signalling or com-
munications,”* he said.
Acknowledging the vital impor-
tance to Zimbabwe of Beira port, he
said in the letter: ‘Anyone contem-
plating independent travel into
Mozambique, or wanting to station
a permanent business representa-
tive/liaison officer there, should
keep in mind that Chegutu proba-
bly has more resources than the

_whole of Sofala Province.

“‘I mean mechanics, bank clerks,
electricians, forklift drivers, type-
writers, self-tapping screws, paint
brushes, biro refills, aspirins, hire

_ cars, eating houses, spare accom-

modation, chickens and jars of mar-
malade — all things which make life
tolerable for a Zimbabwean.
“The cement, glass, and cable
factories, locomotives, rail wagons,
and buses stand idle not due to ene-

20

my action, but because the Mozam-
bicans apparently cannot manage
their own affairs,’’ he said.

“To avoid our enthusiastic and
resilient commercial and industrial
staff becoming demoralised after
spending a week in Mozambique,
private enterprises would have to at
least set up an advisory/active as-
sistance office, here: and there,
immediately.”*

He said other infrastructure
problems included accommodation,
the shortage of foodstuffs, and
problems with electricity and water,
noting that Beira has een without
power for nearly three months this
year.



[spRS-SSA~86-122
11 December 1986

NIGER

BRIEFS

DAKORO FACES DROUGHT CONSEQUENCES--FAN's chief of staff Colonel Ali Saibou,
responsible for aid to the people, was in Dakoro in Maradi Department
yesterday. He met with tribal chiefs and development advisors to find out the
status of farm crops. It appears from reports by Ministry of Agriculture
‘officials and the village chiefs that the agricultural situation is not as
good as in the previous year. In Dakoro district the rainy season, which has
just ended, did not meet expectations. The growing season was marked by
grasshopper attacks, an invasion of mice, and a sudden end to the rainfall.
This caused a poor crop. Several pockets of drought were identified in Dakoro
district, where 100 out of 313 villages declared 100 percent shortfalls. The
most seriously affected areas are Kornaka, Goula and Soli. The official in
charge of aid to the people informed the tribal chiefs and development
advisors that food aid would be supplied as soon as possible to the people in
the villages with total crop failure. [Text] [Niamey LE SAHEL in French 21-
25-26 Oct 86 p 2] 9805/12913

SPAIN FOOD AID--The kingdom of Spain today presented to our country 1,500 tons
of corn and a check worth 29,185,718 CFA meant to cover the transportation

cost of the corn from Cotonou to Niamey. [Excerpts] [Niamey Domestic Service
in French 1900 GMT 2 Nov 86 AB] /12232

CSO: 3400/425

16



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

ALARMING RISE IN CRIME RATE REPORTED
East London DAILY DISPATCH in English 20 Oct 86 p 8

[Article by Michael Hartnack, Harare]

{Text] A recent spate of robbe-

ries in Harare and in
outlying areas has
aroused criticism here
of both the police and
the courts.

Zimbabwe's tradit-
ional, comparatively low
crime rate is taken for
granted by citizens who
are now outraged by the
occurrence of two hold
ups with guns and two
knife, robberies in the
city centre within five
weeks — an absurdly
low incidence by Johan-
nesburg standards.

In the normally sleepy
provincial town of Mar-
ondera, two daylight at-
tacks on residents at the
Borradaile Trust Old
People’s Home have led
to the calling of a pro-
test meeting by a sena-
tor for Mr Ian Smith’s
Conservative Alliance,
Mrs Shelagh van .Re-
enen.

Police are accused of
failing to respond to
ealls from the public,
and magistrates casti-
gated for freeing appre-
hended suspects on bail.

The chairman of the
Catholic Justice and
Peace Commission, Mr
Michael Auret, has war-
ned that’ Zimbabwe's
crime rate was now in-
creasing alarmingly. Ad-
dressing a meeting of
the Zimbabwe Associa-

tion for Crime Preven-
tion and Rehabilitation
of the Offender (Zacro),
Mr Auret said the Zim-
babwe Republic Police
record in combatting the
upsurge had “not been
impressive”.

Shopkeepers in cen-
tral Harare have ex-
pressed anger about an
incident on September 3
when a knife-wielding
robber snatched a wal-
let containing 2$200
(R270) from a customer
ina shop.

Zimbabweans’ tradit-
ional loyalty to the prin-
ciple of law and order
was displayed when wit-
nesses chased the of-
fender, apprehended
him, and brought’ him
back to the shop —
whereupon five accom-
plices came to the rob-
ber’s aid, throwing him
aknife.

He broke free, but
unintimidated bystand-
ers chased him and he
was tackled by Mr Greg
Payne.

29

Shouting: “We will
kill you all for this,” the
robber stabbed Mr
Payne in the head, arm
and back before he was
overpowered. Mr Payne
was admitted to hospital
but the robber was freed
on bail after appearing
in court.

He and fellow gang
members are alleged to
have attacked a farmer
drawing wages for his
labourers a - fortnight
ago.

_“The courts keep let-
ting them go free and
they keep coming back
here. There is nothing
we can do except warn
our customers. It’s the
gangs who patrol our
streets now, not the
police,” one store man-
ager complained to the
Financial Gazette, an in-
dependent - newspaper
with authoritative
sources in Zimbabwe's
business world.


a ; IPRS~SSA~86-122
11 December 1996

wide tar-surfaced roadway as far as Tanout. It also has the advantage ot
"requiring". only a few bridges. The éxistence:of this road facilitates the
drilling of wells; two have’ already been completed and have freed the residents
of Bakin-Birji and Sabon-Kafi from the grip of thirst. As soon as the work on
the trunk highway is finished, these wells--one source close to the delegation
said--will revert to the villagé communities. ;

The Djajiri-Diffa and‘Zinder-Agadez road projects, and the Tahoua-Arlit road
maintenance division (SERTA),.are facing a problem with respect to the trans-
portation of materials. In Diffa, the only quarry--at Djajiri--is 150 kilo-
meters‘ from the departmental capital. The SERTA quarry used for the mainten-
ance of the Uranium Road ‘is situated 245 kilometers from Arlit and 405 kilo-
meters’ from Tahoua.
This is sometimes the explanation for the noncompliance with the contractual
time limits for delivery of a project; for the difficulties with respect to
intervention} ‘and even.for the extremely high cost of the construction work.

World Bank Loan
Niamey’ LE SAHEL- in French 23 Oct 86 pp 1, 3

[Article by Ali Moussa: Chaweye: "The Road System: The Quality of the Services
Will Be Improved"] °

[Text]. In the course of his recent tour of Diffa, Zinder, and Agadez, the
minister ‘of public works and habitat visited the technical services under the
jurisdiction of his ministry to inquire into their performance and meet with
the cadres..on site for the purpose of hearing their grievances and informing
them of the most recent decisions.

"Maintenance of the roads," Minister Moumouni Yacouba was impelled to say, "is
a duty, ‘an imperative, and a necessity." A panel that falls to the ground, a
neglected pothole, can cause accidents. It was in a desire to improve the

national road system that the state this year released 1.8 billion CFA francs
from the national budget--a 20 percent increase over the figure for last year.

A loan of $50 million: has accordingly been granted to Niger by international
financial institutions, notably the World Bank. This loan--which extends over
4 years--will be used, among other things, for road maintenance; for improving
the quality of services; and for the acquisition of materials and equipment.
It was put into: execution the first of this month.

In addition, the Budget for the Exploitation of Public Works Materials and
Equipment (BEMTP) experienced an increase this year of 40 percent. For the
fiscal year 1987.it is 1.83 billion CFA francs.

The minister of public works and habitat stated that the budget should no

longer be subsidized by the ‘state; it should be justified on the basis of the
location of the materials and equipment and the provision of the services.

11



IPRS.
11 Dee

FOOD CRISIS SWEEPING CAPE FLATS DUE TO UNEMPLOYMENT, POVERTY

Medical Officer Coordinating Relief

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 17 Oct 86 p 1

{Article by John Yeld]

[Text]

A FOOD crisis is sweeping the
Cape Flats as a result of the

“desperate” poverty, mainutri-.

tion and unemployment in city
townships.
Medical officer of health Dr

Reg Coogan said more than 42°

tons of food had been distributed
since. June and more would be
handed out in a continuing pro-
gramme.

In addition, 5800 food parcels
from the Department of National
Health and Population Develop-
ment are due to arrive in the city.
on Monday and these will also be
distributed,
areas.

Dr Coogan said: “It’s true to say
we have been aware from the be-
ginning of this year of increasing
desperation in the city council’s
sub-economic townships because
of unemployment, grinding pover-
ty and all the attendant ills such
as depression, malnutrition, alco-
holism, an increase in the tubercu-
losis rate, child battering, assault
and so on.” ,

Dr Coogan said his department
had received some food supplies
from the Department of Health
which lasted from November to
February.

in the poverty-stricken

70

“Then that aid failed off and the

city health department thought .

the position so desperate. that we
got control of supplies of meat
and vegetables at no cost to the
council.” He said this was supple-
mented by tinned food when it
was available. ~:

Dr Coogan’s department. organ:
ised the collection and storage of
supplies and since June has dis-
tributed more than 42 tons.

“We started in Langa and Gugu-
letu but it was obvious there was

‘ adesperate need throughout the

sub-economic townships on the
Cape Flats,” Dr Coogan said.
“This will be an on-going pro-
gramme, although the amount of
food available varies because of

the seasonal supply .of vegeta- -

bles.” ~ .

The food is distributed through
18 polyclinics on a rotational ba-
sis.

People at the top of the list are
those who have been investigated
by public health nurses and found
to comply with the three mini-
mum requirements for economic
distress laid down by the Depart-
ment of National Health.

“Everybody gets a turn,” Dr
Coogan said.

SA~ 86.7
12
‘Cember 9a6

SOUTH AFRICA


REPORTER MEETS SECRETLY WITH 'COMRADES'

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Oct 86 p 7

[Article by Shipho Ngcobo]

[Text]

THE DENTED steel door opens
and a youth, aged about 19, comes
in. Although it is not cold, he is
wearing a heavy woollen over-
coat. He wears blue denims (shirt
and trousers) and a pair of red-
blue-and-white jogging shoes.

He is clean, but his short hair is
uncombed and his mean-looking face

is pale and dry.
young man quickly glances at
the three other youths sitting with me

in the room as if to say something,
and without talking he takes off his
overcoat. Underneath is a huge sub-
machinegun.

I freeze,

The yous. gunman looks casually
at me, his face expressionless. “Is this
the comrade from the newspapers?”
The three youths I am sitting with
nod,

‘No sadist’

He takes another look at me and,
flashing a strong set of teeth, says:
“This is only to protect ourselves and
the o masses, comrade, I am
no killer. I am no sadist. I am a
liberator. Be free, comrade. You and
ourselves are one. Be free.”

“How do you move around with
such a big gun? Is it not heavy?” I ask.

The four burst into laughter. The
smiling comrade starts. “No com-
rade, this is not heavy,” he says, hold-
ing the gun high up with his three
fingers and a thumb. He hands it over
to me. .

“Feel it. It's a sub-machinegun. It’s
a Czechoslovak sub,” he says.

T feel it. It is very light.

The men, all wearing denims, were
uiet again; there was no laughter.
jot even a smile.

Tm sitting with four comrades,
township political activists, on an as-
signment to interview these aus
men who are said to be tough killers,
people who can take a life without
emotion.

Thad set out to find members of the
“Comrades” and managed to get hold
of some of them, the four that I am
with now. It had been extremely diffi-
cult, involving days of unfulfilled
promises and deliberate disappoint-
ments.

At times I was threatened with the
“necklace” if I was found out to be a
police spy. I was even blindfolded at
times, for long distances.

But I finally made it and found
myself sitting face-to-face with the
comrades at 9.25pm in this room in a
Soweto house which was to serve as a
meeting place.

“Now, about the necklace?” I ask,
knowing well that I am touching on a
sensitive issue.

“Well com, some of us are not for
this method of punishing sell-outs.

55

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

But of course others are for it. And
you know, com, this is a revolutionary
situation where many things happen.
People are angry, you know.

“Burning a sell-out leaves one with
some satisfaction and burning and
killing a sell-out is tantamount to
burning and killing apartheid itself.
Sell-outs are such a problem, and
without them there would not be so
many people in jails,” he says.

“Victory is within sight, comrade,”
says one of the four, looking me
straight in my eyes.

‘Ruthless’

“Umkhonto is fighting. But as sup-
porters we must open another front
within the country. That will frus-
trate the system, you know com,” he
says in a slightly stammering voice.
More silence.

“Well com, you know the system is
well armed. I mean Hippos, helicop-
ters, tanks and jet-fighters. They are
ruthless, because they just shoot at us.
But com, our determination to free
ourselves from oppression, the little
material that we have and, of course,
the numbers that we boast of are



JPRS~SSA~86-122
11 December 1986

ANGOLA

BRIEFS

ROSA COUTINHO PROSECUTES MERCENARIES--On Tuesday in a Lisbon court, there will
come to trial a suit brought by Coteco (the Sosa Coutinho company) against two
Portuguese pilots recruited by it who refused to carry out their mission in
Lobito, instead of Luanda. The two pilots, both former members of the military,
were recruited by Coteco as ‘airplane and helicopter instructors. According to
a report in AFRICA-CONFIDENEIAL, of the 32 Portuguese military men recruited

by Coteco who were in Angola (with an average monthly salary of $2,400), over
20 came into conflict with the Rosa Coutinho company under various circumstances,
ranging from material damage to attempted operational involvement. At present,
there are only 12 members of the Portuguese military hired by Coteco remaining
in Angola. It is noteworthy that the admiral failed to be received in Luanda
with the former courtesies, namely, his lodging in an official residence. [Text]
[Lisbon SEMANARIO in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 p 64] 2909

csO: 3442/22



NYAGUMBO CALLS FOR RURAL CONSUMER CO=OPS

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 26 Oct 86 p 15

[Text]

THE Government gives
strong xt to the
establishment of comsumer
cce-operatives and wishes
ta see them being run
efficiently, the Minister of
Co-operative Development

19274

csO: 3400/430

Cde Maurice Nyagumbo,
said on Friday,

“The rural people ex-
perience a tougher life
than’ those-in the urban
areas, They have low in-

comes and buy consumer *

gocds at higher |prices,
‘This state of affairs is
‘unacceptable to a socialist
government, amd for this

reason we strongly
support consumer co-
operatives,” he -said.

Speaking at the official
opening of a Nyanyadzt
rural consumer co-opera-
tive shop, he said the

Government had set aside .

about $1,5 million to pro-
mote and support a pro-
gramme of rural co-op-
eratives,

Such ‘co-operatives
should ensure that ‘the
best quality products are
handled sré¢ there should
be no. adulteration cf
goods.

“The Government
strongly supports the
establishment of such co-

operatives under its
socialist policies, because
they restrain trading
practises on the part of
private retailers and
‘prevent them from: ex-
Ploiting their customers,
Particularly the working

lass.

“I must not hesitate
to warn you that the
central buying agency or
co-operative wholesale is
big business with its own
problems. ‘Thera is
greater need for putting
into Practice better
modern managerial tech-
niques, among other
things financial control,
research and fevelopment
and staff training.”

He said his ministry
and the Farmers Co-
operative had agreeq to
provide consulting ser-
vices to such co-operay
tives,

He expressed. his hope
that. the Central Associa-
tion of Co-operative
Unions, the Farmers’ Co-

26

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

operative and the Minis-
try of Co-operative De-
velopment woulg estab-
lish a sound buying co-
operative body.

‘The advantages being
to place large orders for
all’ union requirements,
obtain good bargaining
powers with manufactur-
ers and be in a position
to obtain a variety of
best quality goods at
reasonable prices.

“The Government's, na-
tional plan for consumer
co-operatives is not only
going to be confined to
the present warehouse
chain but eventually to
both rural and urban set-
tlements.

“In the village, there
should be a typical gen-
eral store which ensures
for the local population
a regular supply of food-
stuffy such as sugar,
milk, mealie-meal as well
as stock inputs and in-
dustrial products lite
clothes,” he said.


JIPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CONDITIONS FOR MOZAMBICAN REFUGEES IN CAZANKULU DESCRIBED

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 18 Oct 86 p 9

{Article by Deon Lamprecht]

[Text]

PRETORIA. — Since the
tion of hostilities between the Mo-
zambique Government's

troops and Renamo ( ) rebels
in’ 1984, Mozambicay civilians
have been caught if a savage

crossfire between the’ warring fac-
tions, with both sides. being ac-

cused of atrociti

__~Only_at the height of the conflict in
1985 did: world attention focus‘on the
plight of refugees flooding into South
Africa and the national states to es-
cape the bitter fighting.

MNR rebels are hard pressed for
supplies and make constant demands
for food from villagers. Refusal leads
to swift and bloody retribution and
horror stories:are two a cent.

Sipho, 16, gave an confused account
of the day MNR rebels: brought death
to his village.

“Suddenly they were all round the
village. The villagers were frightened
and ran into the bush ... then the
shooting started.

“I heard my 18-year-old sister
scream and saw her fall. I was too
afraid to stop and look. Many other
people were screaming and falling. I
ran into the bush and did not stop
walking until I reached this place (Lu-
Tekani).”

Executed on the spot

He has not seen any members of his
family since.

Government troops do not take
kindly to villagers yielding to rebel
demands and anybody caught supply-
ing food or shelter to rebels, however
involuntarily, is executed on the spot.

62

Unable to terminate MNR_ activi-
ties in Mozambique’s far-flung prov-
inces, the Frelimo Government has
resorted to resettling villagers in
“protected villages” guarded by
troops.

One 66-year-old man bitterly de-
scribed how a Frelimo garrison threw
down their rifles and fled when rebels
attacked the protected village he was
living in.

“1 hid in the bush when they (the re-
bels) started dragging people from
their huts. I heard shooting. I did not
see the bodies but that night I was
told that 16 people had been killed by
the MNR.”

He, like the other refugees, could

.-.give no reason for the killings.

It has also become common prac-
tice among rebels to abduct village
women by force.

In one incident two women were re-
peatedly raped by rebels while lying
on top of their husbands — human
mattresses. Afterwards the women:
were forced to club their husbands to

leath.

Sickened by the atrocities and disil-
lusioned by the Government's appar-
ent inability to protect them, thou-
sands chose to face the hazardous trek
across the border to safety.

Many just packed up and left, living
off whatever they could scavenge on
the way. Others carried meagre sup-
plies of porridge, cooked in advance,
and as much water as possible.

Sleeping by day, they travelled at
night, guided by the moon. They were
in constant danger of running into pa-
trols or detonating landmines.


Lilydale:

TO an outsider the Lily-
dale settlement in rural
Gazankulu is no differ-
ent from any other Afri-
can village. It has the
same timeless aura. The
thatched huts seem to
spring from the soil like
the thorn trees that
dominate the rural land-
scape.

Women cook the eve-
ning meal in fire-black-

The Same Timeless Aura

ened three-legged pots
while the men amiably
discuss the day’s events.
It could be any village,
but, as is so often the
case in Africa, appear-
ances are deceiving.

The Lilydale settle-
ment, situated in the
Mala district less than
100 kilometres from the
Eastern Transvaal town
of White River, mush-

roomed less than three
years ago and has since
become home to some of
the thousands of Mo-
zambican nationals who
have fled their country
to escape the bitter civil
war between Frelimo
and Renamo.

The local population
in the Mala district, who
are Gazankulu nationals,
have opened their hearts
and -homes to. the refu-
gees, covertly housing
and feeding them and
trying to get them jobs
which, without legal im-
migration papers and
job permits, is extreme-
ly difficult.

The Phalulani Relief
Committee was formed
to co-ordinate an inten-
sive relief programme
to aid them. It is headed
by local businessman
and former. journalist
Mr Sam Nzima.

The Lilydale relief
programme is depen-
dent entirely on contri-
butions. Food, clothing
and medical aid are
channeled to refugees by
organisations such as:
Operation Hunger, the
World Council of.

Churches and the Red
Cross.

Health is a mayor
concern. Malaria and
smallpox are common

‘and new arrivals are

subjected to intense
medical checks before
being allowed to regis-
ter and mix freely with
other refugees or Yoeals.

_ The object of the re-
lief programme, says
Mr Nzima, is “to help

the refugees to help
themselves”,

“We are committed to
ease the suffering of
these people as long as
the war in Mozambique
lasts. After all, they are
our own. We believe we
must teach them how
make a better future for
themselves.”

What strikes one most
about the settlement is
its air of permanency.

19274

cso: 3400/432

64


UCT'S HIGH CONCENTRATION OF POLITICAL EXPERTS ANALYZED

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 22 Oct 86 p 27

[Article by Peter Fabricius]

[Text]

HE Political Studies Department at UCT was

once described as the best concentration of politi-
cal brains in the country outside Parliament. Many
others consider them to be the best bunch of political
experts in the country, in or out of Parliament.

Their academic detractors,
possibly envious of their con-
siderable reputations and fre-
quent utterances in the Press,
have been known to dismiss
them as the “gas brigade”.

Whether you believe their
frequent salvos are high-ex-
plosives, or just windy duds,
probably depends on your
own political views.

But, either way, you would
have to concede that, with
four full professors, two asso-
ciate professors, and high cal-
ibre below that, the depart-
ment commands some heavy
political artillery.

ROFESSOR David Welsh,

head of the department,
says: “At this soft end of the
campus (the humanities), it is
almost unheard of to have
four full professors, and many
have voiced the criticism that
we have too many chiefs.

“But only one of these
chairs, Robert Schrire’s, is
substantive. The others have
all been appointed to personal
chairs.”

In other words, most of
these are chairs created only
because of the merits of their
incumbents.

Through their prolific out-

put of writing in popular pub- *

lications, most of their names
have become fairly familiar
outside the academic world.
Apart from Professor
Schrire, an expert on the
power line-up inside Govern-
ment, and on international re-

lations, the full professors -

are: Professor Welsh, whose
field is alternative South Afri-
can systems, Professor Her-
mann Giliomee, who explores
the historic roots of present
olitical problems, and —
irom next year — Professor
Andre du Toit, probably the
country’s finest political phi-
losopher.

The associate professors
are Gerhard Totemeyer, the
renowned Namibia expert
now researching local gov-
ernment, and Andrew Prior,
an ANC specialist.

Below don level are people
like Dr Annette Seegers, ex-
pert on military/civil rela-
tions and on revolutions, po-
litical theorist, Mr Peter
Collins, and Ms Mary Simons,
who studies the frontline
states.

Together they have, at the
last count, eight PhDs, most
of them from foreign univer-

65

JIPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

sities, several overseas re- :
search fellowships, many vis-
iting professorships. They

. have published at least 25

books, scores of major arti-
cles in academic journals, *
and thousands of column cen-
timetres in more popular .
journals and newspapers.

It is the sort of department
where a “mere” associate
professor is likely to be of-
fered a full substantive chair
at another local universi-
ty... and turn it down.

HEIR curricula vitae are

embellished with cum
laudes, and awards for excel-
lence and scholarships.

Why has UCT mobilised
this armada of political ex-
pertise, and what is it goin;
to do with it? 6

Professor Welsh says the
size of the department is
mostly the result of an amal-
gam of three related depart-
ments.

But it has also grown in re-
sponse to the deepening polit-
ical crisis and the urgent
need among students to seek
answers to thorny political
questions which are no longer
just academic.

Professor Giliomee says it
has something to do with
UCT’s policy of creating “cen-
tres of excellence”,

He praises UCT’s “non-bu-
reaucratic pragmatism”
which allowed them to ap-
point Andre du Toit “instead



OPTIMISM GROWS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING, CONSTRUCTION

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

/8309
cso:

‘THE CONSTRUCTION and civil
engineering industries, which
have been in the doldrums for the
past 12 months, are now showing
signs of an upturn, as is shown by
the Value of tenders authorised for
acceptance by the Government
Tender Board since July this year.
~ (A rough calculation gives a figure
of just over $14,5 million.
‘Spokesmen for construction com-
panies in Harare, Bulawayo and
Mutare this week told the Gazerte
that there is a definite improvement
in the industry, although shortages
of basic materials still persist.

ACTIVITY INCREASED

A company spokesman for Wade
‘Adams in Harare said: “It appears
that the activity in the industry has
increased over the past 12 months.
A year ago it was at a very low lev-
el. However, I don’t believe that the ~
industry is’ fully committed yet
although there is more work, espe-
cially with housing programmes."”

The situation for the future, he
said, was not clear, but it was pos
sible that the present trend would be
sustained during the next three to
four months.

‘The chief executive of the Con-
struction Industry Federation of
Zimbabwe, Mr S H Fynes-Clinton,
said: ‘There is a definite upturn in
the building and civil engineering
sectors.”*

A spokesman for Country Build-
ing Contractors in Mutare said that
there has been ‘‘a tremendous’”
progress in the building industry
cover the past few months. ‘‘Judg-
ing from the amount of work this
year." he said, ‘‘I think things have
been going nicely for us. The situ-
ation could be just as good next
year.”

3400/434

He, however, said the shortage of
materials — especially when one has
been awarded a pressing and lucra-
tive contract — is still a problem,
due to, among other factors, inade-
quate foreign currency to import

~ ‘necessary raw materials.

“Tt has got to the stage you have
to contact every single supplier in
the country. As soon as the contract
arrives, you have to work hard to
get materials," he said.

"Projects planned by the govern-
ment during the current year include
a $752 000 electrical installation at
the new multi-million dollar head-
quarters of the Ministry of Con-
struction, and new offices for the
Department of National Parks and
Wild Life Managenient, worth
$694 578.

Others include the construction of
the Munene/Mukwedzi river bridge
valued at $1,17 million, new magis-
trates’ courts at Chitungwiza at
$1,04 million and construction of
new office blocks in Masvingo and
Chinhoyi worth $1,1 million.

23

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE



Effects of Poverty on Cape Flats

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 27 Oct 86 p 9

[Report by Robert Houwing]

{Text]

* /8309
CSO:

THE.staff of a Cape Flats welfare or-
ganisation dreads making house calls
to victims of hunger and unemploy-
ment because it is “such a harrowing
experience”.

A.dark cloud of poverty hangs over
the Cape Flats, bringing with it de-
pression, hunger, idleness and the ap-
palling side-effects of alcoholism,
wife-beating and broken families..

Peculiarly allied to this gloom, ;
however, is a steely resolve to cling to:
existing material wealth — even if it
means sacrificing another: meal; walk-
ing long distances when the bus stop
is temptingly close.

“You don’t mind sacrificing a kilo-
gram or two if it means keeping the
things you’ve sweated for,” said a
young, unemployed father of two, ad-
mitting that the desire to sell posses-
sions for cash was a horribly tempt-
ing one. . :

Long-term unemployment brings
with tt the “what to do” dilemma
when the housework is done and the
children fed.

This is when the real depression
sets in. Idle families in crowded
homes become irritable —: and vio-
lence can’ result. The bottle is that
tempting little devil standing on the
shelf.

Handouts are initially despised, but
as the days pass — with a refurn to
self-sufficiency no more than a pipe-
dream — they become vital. .

The World Vision-sponsored organi-
sation gives food parcels to the
streams of people who visit their pre-
mises daily for assistance.

“As far as possible we try to avoid
the danger of dependence.”

To this end the organisation is try-
ing to arrange a Human Aid concert
in Cape Town at the end of next
month. If the ambitious project gets
off the ground it will provide paid or-
ganising work to many unemployed.

An Argus team spoke to’ several
people who have sought aid from the
centre.

Mrs Vanessa Abrahams, 22, has her
whole life ahead of her — and the fu-
ture is bleak.

3400/439

75

_ She sits in a backyard corrugated
iron shack, a lonely divorcee feeding
bread crusts to her shoeless toddlers.
The crusts are a regular gift from a
friend who is employed in a super-
market.

She left her job at a.ciothing fac-
tory two years ago when she was
pregnant, and has not found another.

Her former husband has been un-

. employed for 10 months, so the main-

tenance — her only source of income
for some time — has dried up.

“T've developed a pain in my side. It
was never there before. My mother
says it’s probably just the worry.”

Mr George Peters, 45, a father of
three, was a victim of staff cuts at a
furniture company six months ago.
His wife lost her job after 10 years
with a toy firm.

Mr Peters has walked as far as
Cape Town in a quest for employ-
ment. “The bus fare has become food
money for the children.”

Firms tell Mr Peters: “We'll call
you back,” but the calls never come.

His son, who is in Standard 8, has
volunteered to give up school to go
job-hunting. “I refused — I want him
to get a matric.”

The family’s electricity has be
cut off because they are R100 in ar-
rears. Water arrears is R41 and rent
arrears R78.

_Mrs Cynthia Vincent, a divorcee,
lives in a small Manenberg house
with two of her four daughters and

their children. Both daughters are out
of work.

“This is our hardest period we've
experienced — the whole community
is in a depressed state. You can feel
the gloom in our street.

“My daughters do the housework to
pass the time, but tempers can get a
it frayed.”

They have been without electricity
for six weeks, and use candles at
night. “They are dangerous for the
children, but there is no alternative.

“T really can’t see any future at the
moment.”



Colored Farmers Return to Land Bought by Government
(Anthony Doman; THE ARGUS 28 Oct 86) ...

seeccecceceeee 80

/9987



"Shocking' Details of Black Poverty in Eastern Cape Revealed
(Barry Streek; CAPE TIMES, 25 Oct 86) iesccccscesccceccces

Reporter Meets Secretly With 'Comrades'
(Shipho Ngcobo; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Oct 86) .ssccccccoreceees

Alternative Education Programs for Black Youths Described
(Sara Martin; THE STAR, 1 Nov 86) secescesccccecscevoscece

Great Soweto Electricity Plan Said To Be World's First
(David Carte; SUNDAY TIMES, 2 Nov 86) .csccccccccccccscoes

Briefs
Scholarship to -U;S.

SOCIOPOLITICAL/OTHER

Conditions for Mozambican Refugees in Cazanpkulu Described
(Deon Lamprecht; THE WEEKEND ARGUS, 18 Oct 86) ....sccesooe

UCT's High Concentration of Political Experts Analyzed
(Peter Fabricius; THE ARGUS, 22 Oct 86) wecssccssscccevoes

Commentary Condemns Media Role in Maputo Attacks
(Johannesburg International Service, 6 Nov 86) csessceeees

Briefs
NRP Seeks Black Representation
Minister on Technical Training

ECONOMIC

Food Crisis Sweeping Cape Flats Due To Unemployment, Poverty
(Various sources, various dates) ...ceccoeecsces

Medical Officer Coordinating Relief, by John Yeld

Government Food Parcels’; High TB Incidence, by
Chirs Erasmus

THE ARGUS. Food Campaign Launched ,

Campaign Continues 4

Editorial Praises Aid

Effects of Poverty on Cape Flats, by Robert Houwing

Nationwide Rainfall Brings Relief for Debt~Ridden Farmers
(Mick Collins, Gerald Reilly; BUSINESS DAY, 30 Oct 86) ...

Leliefontein's Colored Farmers’Fear for Future
(Riaan Smit; CAPE TIMES, 23 Oct 86) coccccccccescceccceece

East London Seen as Most Popular Region for New Industry
(DAILY DISPATCH, 31 Oct 86) cececcedccceccccceccecceccccee

-d-

54

55

57

58

61

62

65

68

69
69

77

79


JIPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

The need for training has been reflected primarily among the auxiliary per-
sonnel. The creation of a training center for Public Works staff will serve
to take care of the problem. The center is already in place; only the methods
of its operation remain to be decided.

Trans~Saharan Highway
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 23 Oct 86 p 3
{Article by Ali Moussa Chaweye: "Linking the Mediterranean to the Atlantic"]

{Text] "Zinder-Agadez" is the first section of the Trans-Saharan Highway that
will link Niger to Algeria.

This project was initiated in 1962 by the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA).
Its objective is to link the Mediterranean and the Atlantic Ocean, and in
particular the countries of Tunisia, Algeria, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria.

Our country will be traversed for a distance of 986 kilometers from the Algerian
border (at Assamaka) to Magaria. Of the total of 986 kilometers, 359 kilometers
have been completed, namely the Agadez-Arlit and Zinder-Magaria sections. Still
to be completed are the 203-kilometer section from Arlit to the Algerian border
(for which financing is still being sought) and the Zinder-Agadez section, which
is being financed by a number of international financial institutions, notably
the IDB, FSD, BADEA, the OPEC Fund, and Niger.

The road from Zinder to Agadez is unpaved, and traffic over this section is
thereby rendered very difficult. Moreover, since completion of the Tahoua-
Agadez road (which is paved with asphalt) the Zinder-Agadez trunk road has
been virtually abandoned by motorists--a circumstance that has still further
isolated a number of important localities including Tanout and Aderbissanat.

Completion of the Zinder~Agadez trunk road is therefore of great importance
for the populations of the three regions of Air, Damergou, and Damagaram, for
it would enable them to enhance their centuries-old mutual trade relations.

This road will give Niger one more highway, within the framework of its natio-
nal policy of opening up the country.

The government is pleased at the reduction in recurrent costs, for in the
entire national road system the Zinder-Agadez trunk road is the one that
induces the highest maintenance costs.

At the international level, the highway will enable the countries of the
Maghreb; Mali; Nigeria; and our country to enhance and consolidate their com-

mercial and cultural relations.

10992
cso: 3419/32

12


In this connection, the ambassador claimed that the aforementioned changes had
been due to “corruption problems," attributing to the magazine, with circulation
limited to subscribers, the intention of damaging the good.relations between
Portugal and Angola, with this report.

Mawete Batista said that, "AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL is banned from entering Angola,
at a recent decision by the MPLA's ‘politburo,'"because it is a publication
“subsidized by Americans and South Africans to protect their interests."

The magazine's editor, Xavier de Figueiredo, who worked. in Angola, told EXPRESSO
that "it repudiates this claim, which is completely groundless and inappropriate."
And he gave assurance that the bulletin that he edits "does not publish even

50 percent of what it knows about the activities of the Angolan Embassy in
Portugal."

2909
CSO: 3442/22


Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 23 Oct 86 p 4

[Article by Riaan Smit]
[Text]

MR PIET KLASE, 37, walked
through the waist-high wheat in
his small field in the coloured
reserve Leliefontein in Namaqua-
land and asked bitterly: “Do you
think it’s right that they want to
give this to one farmer as grazing
for his small stock?”

Many small subsistence farmers and
their wives and children, like Mr
Klase, among Leliefontein’s 5000
people, face an uncertain future in an
area where change has always been as
slow as donkey carts.

And they are divided about what the
future holds,

FONTEIN'S COLORED FARMERS FEAR FOR FUTURE

Leliefon-
tein, one of

ive
“coloured Fort Nolio
rural
areas” in
Namaqua-
land, was
divided &
into 47
“economic
units’ or
farms, and
fenced off
in 1984 in
terms of the
Rural
Coloured
Areas Law,
Law 1 of
1979.

E==<St.Helena Bay

‘Cape: Town
Es.

Leliefontein
Communal. Reserve

Before

the divi-

sion, farm-
ers grazed their small stock commun-
ally and trekked within the 200 000-
hectare reserve to seasonal grazing
spots. Many cultivated wheat at small,
allocated sites.

Thirty of the 47 farms have so far

77

Jl
ir SSA 86-12
©cember 1966

SOUTH AFRita

been rented for five years to a small
number of farmers — at the expense of
other farmers.

A commission of inquiry was ap-
pointed on September 12 by the Minis-
ter of Housing and Agriculture (House
of Representatives), Mr David Curry,
after a number of farmers who could
not — or would not — rent farms ap-
Pointed a laywer.

He asked for a commission of inqui-
ry on the grounds that Article 14, to-
gether with Article 41 of the Rural
Coloured Areas Law, stated that “eco-
nomic units” could be rented only to
bona fide farmers.

Some of the 30 farms had allegedly
been rented to people who are not
primarily dependent on farming for
an income.

The four-man commission has heard
testimony and received representa-
tions since September 26.

On Tuesday, the commission sat at
Klipfontein, a hamlet with about 250
inhabitants and Mr Kilase’s “home
town”.

It was an “important day for Klip-
fontein”, said retired school principal
Mr Daniel Baard. He spoke on Monday
night at his home in Tweeriviere.

The next day about 75: people
crammed into the Klipfontein NG Sen-
dingkerk

where Mr

Klase took

the oath be-

fore com-

mission

chairman

Dr Dirk

Kotze.

After a few

sentences

of his testi-

mony he

abandoned



JPRS~SSA-86+122
11 December 1986

COLORED FARMERS RETURN TO LAND BOUGHT BY GOVERNMENT
Cape Time THE ARGUS in English 28 Oct 86 p 33

[Article by Anthony Doman]

Waaikraal looks like just another Little Karoo
lucerne farm — but this one is special. For this
sprawling 1 305ha on the Olifants River, lying 20km
east of Oudtshoorn, represents an opportunity for
coloured farmers to return to the land their — .
forefathers were granted more than a century ago.

Bought for R3,3-million by the Department of
Agriculture, Housing and Local Government in the
House of Representatives, Waaikraal is an attempt
at job creation — and at returning to the local
people what they say is rightfully theirs.

The intention is to run the farm along the Israeli

[Text]

Moshav system. Each farmer will be given a piece of

ground which he can cultivate for his own pocket,
but everyone uses communal implements.
Eventually upwards of 150 families may be living on
Waaikraal. ANTHONY DOMAN reports:

SOUTH AFRICA

LORRAINE van der
Horst’s clump of dusty
asters, clawing onto life in
the cracked red earth, sums
it up.

Waaikraal used to be just an-
other place to work, albeit with
bitter memories. But as the orig-
inal families return to sink their
roots, it is becoming a place
where a community can form,
where gardens can grow, where
people can live ... a home.

Spurred -on by the memories
of how the land had slipped
away once, the people of Waai-
kraal and neighbouring Dyssels-
dorp are determined not to let
go. Not this time.

When ‘previous owner Hugo
Fourie handed over the keys ear-
lier this year, Waaikraal was do-
ing well enough. The big money-
spinner was lucerne — 80 000
bales of it — with more than
4000 ostriches and 1100 head of
livestock thrown in:

But today the new manage-
ment is throwing itself into reno-
vations.

Even from high up on the hill-
side that marks the southern
boundary, you can see the fresh-
ly-painted houses for farm la-
bourers.

Down below, you bounce along

a rutted track to visit the bus-
tling brickworks, cruise between

80

homes where the bricks are pe-
ing put to use and slither
through the muddy lowlands
past a new concrete irrigation
channel.

HE Labour Party MP for

Dysselsdorp and Oudts-
hoorn, Mr James Swiegelaar,
was one of the driving forces be-
hind the acquisition of Waai-
kraal. And when he says the
farm was a bargain at R3,3-mil-
lion, this former agriculture
teacher knows what he is talking
about.

But it has to be developed.
Jobs have to be created.

Farm manager Jannie Botha
outlined one of the ways this


JPRS-SSA-86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

TECHNICAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT SIGNED WITH FRG
Harare THE HERALD in English 28 Oct 86 p 4

(Text] Zimbabwe and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation yesterday signed a
technical co-operation agreement under which the West German organization
will provide wide-ranging assistance worth about $1 million yearly.

The agreement, signed in Harare by the Minister of Labour, Man-power Planning
and Social Welfare, Dr Frederick Shava, and the foundation's representative
for Zimbabwe, Mr Erich Holtze, provides for assistance in adult and labour
education,

It also provides for assistance in co-operative consultancy and training

of trainers; integration of rural development, including small-scale indus-
tries; housing, mass media; social and economic research; and assistance to
public and private organisations in the implementation of socio-economic pro-
grammes,

At the signing ceremony, Cde Shava said: “This agreement has been made pos-
sible by a shared interest between the Government of Zimbabwe and the
Friedrich Ebert Foundation which is to improve the conditions of life of the
people of Zimbabwe,"

He noted that the foundation had been associated with Zimbabwe before the
country attained independence and that its activities had increased in the
country since 1980.

19274
CSO: 3400/430

18



061074

JPRS-SSA-86-122
11 DECEMBER 1986

Sub-Saharan Africa Report

DISTRIBUTION SEATEMENT A
Aanroves tor. pupne releasay

PR UL

MRED

— ggggnntd 185

FBIS| FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE

| REPRODUCED BY |

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE j
NATIONAL TECHNICAL, |
INFORMATION SERVICE |
SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 | i]

g
AOS



would be done: by planting cot-
ton.

Mr Botha, who farmed on
Waaikraal himself for five years,
admits he knows little of cotton.

“The previous owner planted a
bit of cotton, but I don’t know
how successful he was. If it
catches on it will give many
work for many people.

“You know, in other areas the
harvesting is done by machine
but here we will be doing it by
hand. So it will provide work op-

ortunities for 64 people,” Mr
tha said.

Another labour-intensive pro-
ject is the farm’s brickworks.
This came about for practical
reasons.

“There’s so much develop-_

ment, so much we can do on this
farm. Why not use our own
bricks, made by our own peo-
ple?”

He pointed out that most of
the farmworkers were from
Dysselsdorp. Building houses for

them on the farm would make’

things easier.
“We're struggling a bit be-

“eause we don’t have all the

equipment we need,” Mr Botha
said.

At present, about 70 people
work on the farm. But under full
production at least 200 will be
needed, he says.

On lucerne alone the farm
stands to make a tidy profit.

According to Mr Swiegelaar
the Oudtshoorn area supplies 95
percent of South Africa’s “green
gold” needs.

Fruit farming was also a pos-
sibility, he said, eyeing a nearby
dried fruit factory.

AND-reclamation has meant

the opening up of hitherto
unused ground. One such area.
would produce four crops of lu-
cerne a year, worth about R8 000
a year, said Mr Botha, .

“And that’s just a tiny part of
the farm. There’s more than
500ha of this stuff.”

He agreed that fruit and cot-
ton were good for providing
work but in terms of profit lu-
cerne was best.

“And it still gives lots of peo-»
ple work. Baling takes a lot of

manpower.”

Recreation is not being forgot-
ten, either.

Plans are under way to con-
vert a storage shed to a commu-
nity hall, and Rural Foundation
field workers are busy organis-
ing activities for women on
farms.

“They have had a very good
reaction here,” Mr Botha said.
“The women have been very pos-
itive.” :

Hence Lorraine van der
Horst’s garden.

Mrs van der Horst, who has
been living on Waaikraal with
her farm labourer husband for
the past decade, smiled when
she was asked about her garden
— one of many springing up.

“Yes, planting flowers around
here is something new,” she said.

“It just looked too ugly here so
we made a garden.”

“You can’t work a farm to its
full potential unless you have the
right people,” said Mr Swiege-

ar.

“We believe we’ve got the

right people. And they’re eager
to succeed.”

WAAIKRAAL is the eighth farm bought by the Department of
Local Government, Housing and Agriculture of the House of
Representatives.

The farm, officially handed over earlier this month, is divid-
ed up into “erven” belonging to.coloured farmers.

Waaikraal was originally an area of 2519 morgen which in-
cluded Dysselsdorp, Waikraal and Bloupunt.

In 1877 the Cape authorities gave all established settlers
there — most of them coloured farmers — freehold. Unoccu-
pied ground was designated commonage, and remained State
property, under control of a town council.

Whites got their first foothold in the area in 1892 when fur-
ther irrigable land along the Olifants river was allocated.

After a while whites took up most of the available land and
the original beneficiaries were obliged to move. Many hired
“free erven” on the commonage from the town council. Al-
though this was, strictly speaking, illegal, the arrangement re-
mained in force until after the town council was disbanded and
the Oudtshoorn Divisional Council took over in 1926.

More land was made available but was never allocated. In
1953 it was sold to whites by public auction.

Eventually, after a series of commissions of inquiry a col-
oured group area was proclaimed in 1966. People from the
three areas — Dysselsdorp, Bloupunt and Waaikraal — were
all resettled in Dysselsdorp, which lias been in existence on the
eastern boundary of the farm for about 13 years.

Today, all that remain of the thriving 19th-century farming
community are a few scattered farmers in and around Waaik-
raal.

19274
CSO: 3400/429 END

81



JPRS~SSA~86-122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

DE BEER SAYS NECC SEEKS TO UNDERMINE DISCIPLINE
MBO50508 Johannesburg SAPA in English 2102 GMT 4 Nov 86

[Text] Pretoria, 4 November, SAPA--The National Education Crisis Committee
[NECC] is trying to undermine the discipline of the Department of Education and
Training by consulting teachers on the schools dispute, according to the deputy
minister of education and development aid, Mr Sam De Beer.

"This is completely unacceptable and leads to a misconception amongst students
that can only result in a hostile attitude towards their teachers," Mr De Beer
said in a telex to the chairman of the NECC, Mr Vusi Khanyile.

Mr De Beer released the full text of the telex in Pretoria today "in order to
set the record straight" after what he said were conflicting and speculative
reports in the press over talks between the NECC and his department.

In the telex, sent to Mr Khanyile on 31 October, Mr De Beer also said the NECC
was not a legally recognised representative body and had encouraged examination
boycotts through its statements that it hoped children would write exams but
that there were "adequate reasons" for them not to do so.

Mr De Beer referred to a resolution adopted at a recent Durban conference of the
NECC in which the organisation urged teachers to "stop collaborating with the
authorities."

References by the NECC to consultations with teachers. gave the impression that
teachers were accountable to the NECC, Mr De Beer said.

"This can be construed as a direct attempt to undermine the discipline of the
same department with which you are now seeking discussions."

Mr De Beer said an "intimidatory" statement by the NECC on the participation of
parents. in school committees had caused irreparable harm to the credibility of
the NECC, which claimed to represent parents.

The resignation of parents from school committees because of intimidation had

disrputed communication between teachers and parents and had led to children
demanding the right to negotiate directly with school authorities.

41



SALC SUMMIT DISCUSSES LABOR MIGRATION TO SOUTH AFRICA

Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 29 Oct 86 p 11

[Text]

eect
‘Members of the
Southern | African

Labour Commis- |

sion are discussing
new Strategies of
combating ..migra-
-tory labour follo-
wing South
Africa’s threat .to
expel all migrant
workers from the
country Barry.

Kumanda writes
ed
DELEGATES from member
states of the Southern
African Labour Commission
(SALC) receritly held their
eighth meeting in Blantyre.
Malawi, to discuss the
migratory labour system in
the Southern African
region.

The commission, which
groups Botswana, Lesotho,
Malawi, Mozambique, Swazi-
land, Tanzania, Zambia and
Zimbabwe, was formed in
1980 as a consultative forum
to exchange views in a bid to
harmonise migratory labour
issues related to national
development efforts of the
respective member countries.
The commission is an inter-
governmental organisation.

This year's conference
was intended to. pursue the
commission's basic objective
of facilitating collaborated
action in an effort to increase
employment opportunities
within member states of the
région to reduce their
dependence on the migratory
labour system.

The conference also
discussed conditions of work
for those of their’ people
who may be working in
South Africa. They discussed
in particular the International
Convention cn the Protec-
tion of the Rights of the
Migrant Workers and their
Families, a topic which is
being undertaken by the
open door working group at
the United .Nations in New
York. The origins of this
convention are traceable to
the southern African region.

For many years, migration
of people from one country
to another within the
southern African region
either as an adventure or in
search of wealth has been
the order of the day. Most of
them trek down to South
Africa. with nearly all of
them living their families at
home.

JPRS-SSA-g6.
I December

MALAWL

But this year’s conference
had an added importance in
view of the South African
government threats to expel

the. thousands of migrant

workers from that country
to their respective countries.
South Africa says it will take
this drastic step.if the much-
talked-about international
economic sanctions are
imposed and take effect asa
result of its reluctance to
abolish apartheid laws.

According te a South
African independent source,
the country has about
300,000 foreign workers from
Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi,
Mazambique, Swaziland,
Zambia and Zimbabwe. This
is in contrast to government
Official figures of two million
people.

In some member countries
of SALC, unemployment is
rife and undoubtedly they
will run into trouble if they
are obliged to absorb into
their labour forces those of
their nationals working in
South Africa.

This could easily cause
social, economic and even
political havoc in some
countries bringing about
disastrous effects on the

revéfiues earned by some of |

them through migrant labour,
although such effects would
be double-edged-affecting
South Africa as well.

122
1986



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

KENYA

BRIEFS

YUGOSLAV RELATIONS, PROJECTS PRAISED--The Minister for Information and Broad-
casting, Mr Noah Katana Ngala, has praised the relations existing between the
Kenya News Agency and the Yugoslav News Agency, Tanjug. Mr Ngala said the
relations was started 23 years ago and that Tanjug had been one of the major
supporters in the formation of KNA. The Minister was speaking in his office
yesterday after receiving the Yugoslav Ambassador to Kenya, Mr Bohumil Bernasek,
He agreed with the envoy that there was need to renew an agreement between the
two agencies for increasee exchange of news, He said the forthcoming Yugoslav
film week was one of the ways of boosting cultural exchange between the two
countries, Mr Ngala said the Africa film week will be held in Kenya towards
the end of the year, He said the film festival would bring together experts
from all parts of the continent to review how film production could be improved.
He decried the reliance on foreign films in Africa. The two leaders discussed
the relations between Kenya and Yugoslavia since independence. Mr Bernasek
said the portion of the giant Kiambere Hydro-Electric Project being undertaken
by the Energo Project of Yugoslavia would be ready by March next year, [Text]
[Nairobi DAILY NATION in English 15 Oct 86 p 3] /9274

NEW GOVERNMENT BUS SERVICE--The dream of Kenyans to have another bus service to
ease public transportation problems in the city was realised yesterday when
President Daniel arap Moi launched six new buses to mark the beginning of a
new government commuter service. And immediately after the President launched
the buses, wananchi travelling to different parts of the city were offered
free service for the whole evening, The President announced, however, that
normal fares would be paid starting from today, Launching the buses at the
busy Kencom Bus Stage, President Moi said the new service which will be manned
by the National Youth Service personnel will be run as a free enterprise,
[Excerpt] [Article by Henri Chui] [Nairobi THE KENYA TIMES in English 18 Oct
86 pi) /9274

cso: 3400/422


JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

"SHOCKING' DETAILS OF BLACK POVERTY IN EASTERN CAPE REVEALED

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 25 Oct 86 p 7

[article by Barry Streek]

[Text]

SHOCK details of poverty among
black people in the Eastern Cape —
with 70 percent of black families sur-
viving on less than R150 a month —
have been disclosed by a top govern-
ment official.

Mr Louis Koch, chief director of the
now-defunct Eastern Cape Develop-
ment Board, said in evidence to the
Parliamentary Select Committee on
Public Accounts that the board’s stat-
istics indicated that “roughly 70 per-
cent” of black families in the whole of
the Eastern Cape were “earning be-
low R150 a month”.

He also told the committee, whose
report was released in Parliament
yesterday: “Our calculation is that 40,
percent of the employable people in
the area are unemployed because of
the low economic activity.”

The board’s statistics as well as
those of the Urban Foundation were,
however, lower than the 60 percent
unemployment estimate made by Vis-
ta University for the Port Elizabeth/
Uitenhage area.

“There is a very high degree of un-
employment, but there is also a very
large group of people with a low in-
come,” Mr Koch said.

Mr Koch, whose evidence was given
on May 7 this year, said the non-pay-
ment of rents and service charges was
mainly attributable to the high unem-
ployment level.

He said there had been an “element

19274
cso: 3400/431

54

of indoctrination” recently. “But it is
going to be very difficult to attribute
the amount of what one would call
civil disobedience at this stage.”

He also said that though he was sat-
isfied there was a willingness to pay
rents in the community, about 25 per-
cent of black families in the Eastern
Cape were one month in arrears,
about 50 percent were three to six
months in arrears and the rest were
higher than that.

The Director-General of Co-opera-
tion and Development, Dr Andries van
Wyk, told the committee that many of
the black towns in the interior of the
Eastern Cape had no water-borne sew-
erage, only the bucket system.

He thought the people in these
towns would “probably regard the
bucket system as perfectly normal
within the environment, because the
town as a whole cannot afford any
other system”. But in. Port Elizabeth
the feeling of relative deprivation be-
came much stronger.

‘Mr Harry Schwarz, PFP spokesman
on finance, commented: “We are deal-
ing here with what is probably one of
the most volatile areas in the country,
for a lot of reasons.

“The reasons for this volatility are
clear from the statistics we have been

given.

“ fear that, unless you have massive
subsidization at least to establish
standards which are acceptable, you
will find you are breeding continuous
dissatisfaction and unrest,” Mr
Schwarz said.


[Landman] It was routine because it was lower than the hills and it was on
its way to Maputo?

[Earp] Sure. And in addition, we do not receive flight plans--in other words,
the plan which says where an aircraft is going from andwhereit is going to--we
do not receive flight plans for aircraft in their territory.

[Landman] So what should Maputo airport have done?

{Earp] They should have immediately declared an alert phase the moment the air-
craft was more than 30 minutes overdue. Then, some hours afterwards, when they
were sure it was missing, they should have declared a distress phase, and they
should have let us know if there was a possibility that it could have gone down
in our territory.

[Landman] Do you have any information that they actually did know that the
plane was missing?

[Earp] Yes, we are pretty sure that they know, and we are pretty sure that they
also launched some sort of search. Now the fact is that they knew it was mis—
sing, but they saw fit to accuse us of not letting them know in time.

[Landman] You say pretty sure, What does that mean?

[Earp] Well, there is evidence to that effect, but we can only confirm this
after the accident investigation team has spoken to the witnesses.

[Landman] There has been a lot of talk around the so-called black box--which,
as far as I could gather, is orange, in reality--the flight recorder. Why does
that have to be decoded if it, at least, among other things, contains normal
simple voice recordings?

[Earp] Well, there are several kinds of black boxes. The one is a cockpit
voice recorder. That is, in essence, a tape recorder, and it records all the
conversations on the flight deck, and from points outside into the flight deck,
and from the flight deck, outside.

[Landman] Is that in code, or is it must a normal tape recorder?

[Earp] That is a normal tape recorder. But the other flight data recorders
are normally computer readouts. And what they [do] is, they give all the data
about the flight--its height, its speed, engine power settings, etc. And those
have to be read out by a computer designed by the manufacturer. Now, normally,
that would go straight to the manufacturer, and there would be a readout. But
I think the authorities would like a few safeguards built into this becore the
box goes to the manufacturers in Moscow.

[Landman] Why? Can there be interference in the process of reading it out?

[Earp] In this sad world in which we live, computers can be made to do almost
anything. And without casting any aspersions, I think the importance of this

37



his pre-
pared
speech.

He told
how small
stock that
“‘tress-
passed” on
the rented
farms had

been impounded and “sold to white
farmers for-ridiculous prices”.

He said Mr Curry visited the area on
December 10, 1984, and “chased us
away here at Kharkams like dogs’
when they wanted to speak to him.

“He only spoke to the management
committee,” Mr Klase told the com-
mission.

“If this economic system is the work
of my government, then it is very un-
fair of my big father (the government)
to take the bread from my mouth like
this,” he said. . .

He concluded by saying: “This sys-
tem affects us and our children who
have to: come and stay here after us.

“Mr chairman, we feel-deeply hurt
by this system: It is inhuman,” he said.

‘Mr Samuel Cloete, 55, told the com-
mission the “farm system has divided
the community, even in the church”.

As if to prove this point, the commis-
sion hearing was suspended at one

point for about 10 minutes when
Mr Klase and Mr Piet Gal, who
leases one of the farms, began
arguing about the issue, ignoring
the commissioners.

Later, Mr Dawid Koordon said:
“We that'grew up here know each
other’s needs. That is. why my
brother and I did not even think
of applying for a farm together
because it would have taken
away land from other people.”

In a private discussion the
night before he said “My parents
were born at Klipfontein and
their parents have been buried
here”.

The kernel of Leliefontein “re-
serve” was established in 1816 by
the Wesleyan Church. Most of the
people are directly descended
from the Nama-speaking Khoik-
hoi (so-called “Hottentot”) peo-
ples.

Their chief bought a farm for
them to settle on in'1772 and this
forms the focus of the present
“reserve”.

The boundaries ofLeliefontein
were established in 1854 and
Lord Cathcart gave them a ticket

19274
cso: 3400/429

of occupation and inalienable
rights to the land.

__ The land has become increas-
ingly overgrazed in recent years
and departmental agricultural
officers blame this on the com-
munal system of land tenure. The
reserve has been divided into the
47 “economic units” aimed pri-
marily at improving this situa-
tion.

Said commission member and
regional director for agricultural
information (House of Assembly)
Mr Carel le Grange: “The veld
deteriorates over decades and
suddenly it reaches a’ point
where it simply snaps.”

Kraalbos, which sheep and
goats cannot eat, has already tak-
en over large parts of the over-
grazed areas in Leliefontein.

The division of the reserve
seems to be an adequate solution
for conserving the soil. The land
in fenced-off farms has improv-
ing in comparison with land on
the still-available commonage
around little towns.

But the division of the reserve
did not take into consideration

78

what would become of people
who had made a living off the
land when it was used communal-
ly.

Residents spoken to said they
were prepared to reduce their
stock numbers if it meant they
could stay on in Leliefontein.

There is an estimated 38 000

head of small stock in the re-
serve, while it can carry only
about 23 000, according to Mr Le
Grange.
_ Many residents felt the fences
in Leliefontein could stay — pro-
vided everybody could use the
camps for grazing on a rotational
basis.

Either way, as Mr Dawid Koor-
don explained: “We are fighting
to stay here with freedom. We
just don’t want to be pushed off
the land.”

The commission will hear testi-
mony for the last time at Spoegri-
vier today and will report to Mr
Curry early next year.

Said commission member Mr
Louis Mackenzie: “It’s a tough
task.”



MINING OUTPUT, VALUES REPORTED

Johannesburg THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 21

{Text]

FOLLOWING the value
growth of more than 15% last
year, mining industry expan-
sion slowed to 8,3% in the first
five months of this year. Out-

price. Gains from these three
minerals were offset to some:
extent’ by a 12% fall in the
value of asbestos~ output, a-
46% drop in tin realisations,
and a 16% dectine in the value
of nickel

production.

In May an 11% increase in
the value of mineral produc-
tion this
million. .was.- predicted.
However, the continuing
weakness of metal prices —

19274

cso: 3400/428

to around $700 .

with ‘he important exception
of goid — and transport and
imput-snoply uncertainties sug-
gest tha: growth may well be
rather siower than previously
estimated.

Accordingly, tniaing indus-
try ;,rowth ra.2 for 1986 has
been revised downwards to 8%
implying as: aggregate produc-
tion value in the region of $680
million.

LITTLE CHANGE

While output volumes im-
proved marginally in the ear-
ly part of 1986. they remained
7% vctow 1990 levels which, in
turn, weré some 12% below
‘their 1976 peak. Little change
is expected in the volume of
production this year and the fl-
nai performance of the in-ius-

—and on.
rate movements.

more than marginally
favourable exchange

JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

MINING OUTPUT AND VALUES 1994/5

Micerat

Gold:
Volowe (°000 os
Value

Asbestos.
‘Vohume (°000 tonest
Volve

Nickel:
Volume ("000 tones!
Value

= 48
S263 m

mms
SUS m

99
sB4m

ry
366.80

ms
43.3.0

5265
Be

ay
Ain

165.3
0.8m

103
39.70

3109
SR

2s
sBem

164
91m

Saue
- 10
+17

+50
+46

<8
+29

+02
+6

- 93
+282

+105
+135

25



",.. Your hostile attitude towards them (school committees) makes meaningful
consultation with your organisation infinitely more complex."

Referring to NECC statements that it represented "the majority of your people,"
Mr De Beer said these claims could not be reconciled with the committees declara-~
tion of the million-strong Zulu cultural movement, Inkatha, as "an enemy of the

people."

The NECC had not made public the size of its membership and a judge had remarked
in a court action brought by the committee against the minister of education
that the NECC had not made out a case for its locus standi.

"This means that yours is not a legally recognised body," Mr De Beer said.

He said he was still willing to hold discussions with the NECC "on bona fide
educational matters."

A date for a meeting could be considered as soon as the NECC had submitted a
memorandum requested by the department, Mr. De Beer added.

/12232
CSO: 3400/406

42


CZI SURVEY SHOWS OUTPUT DOWN, COSTS UP

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 5

[Text]

THE LATEST Confederation of
Zimbabwe Industries (CZI) trian-
nual survey of the manufacturing
sector indicates that between
April and July this year, order
levels, stocks, capital expenditure,
employment and prices obtained,
remained basically static, while
output decreased and costs
increased.

The report indicates that growth
in the sector is losing momentum,
the slowdown marking “an initial
setback for achieving the Five Year_
National Plan‘s investment and
growth goals"*. and it calls for po!
cy re-thinks in several areas. if cur-
Fent pessimism in the sector isto be
alleviated.

The survey. conducted among
298 manufacturing members of the
CZI, from whom a 60% response
was received. found that “optimism
about the general business situation
has fallen’ along: with export
Prospects for the next 12 months.

Total order levels between April
and July, 1986, were pnchanged
from those registered either in the
preceding four months or in the cor-
Tesponding period in 1985. In the
next four month:
expected to be slightly les:

Output trends in the period
decreased stightly and are **still not
the report states.
with textiles. foodstuffs. clothing
‘and footwear working at top Gapac-
ity. and transport and equipment at
the other extreme.

The majority of respondents
reported that forcign-exchange
problems remain the major con-.
straint. followed by avi i
ials. Plant and capa
reached a peak of constraint on out-
put in March. is now dropping off
as such, along with sales and labour
problems,

/8309
CSO: 3400/434

total orders are .

raw materials and imported supplies
have more or less remained the
same. The trend over the next four
months is for an expected fall in
stocks".

Capital expenditure on buildings
is expected to remain static over the
next 12 months. but on plant and
machinery, the outlook is encourag-
ing. 39% of the respondents indi-
cated the intention to authorise more
expenditure over the next year.

“The major reason for any capi-
tal expenditure authorisation re-
mains predominantly for replace

sons ... are to increase efficiency
and to expand capacity.

“The factors that are likely to
limit capital expenditure are main-
ly inadequate net return on proposed
investment and uncertainty about
demand. It is interesting to note that
uncertainty in demand has risen
strongly and is now on par with ade-
quate return on investment in limit-
ing capital expenditure. Shortage of
internal finance has dropped in its
effect as a limit”.

In employment. most companie:
indicated unchanged numbers and
except for wood and furniture. all
expected it to remain so for the next
four months. 65% said their aver-
age cost per unit of output had ris-
en in the period. Average costs are
expected to continue rising.

Domestic prices were reported to
be static. although 2% of the
responses indicated a downward
trend.

The sum total of all this. com-
ments the CZ. is an inability. wi-
thin the sector, to sustain the
momentum of growth started in fate

24

JPRS-SSA-86-122

11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

1984. If that is to be reversed along
with the falling optimism in the sce:
tor, and if inflation — forecast at
15% for this year — is to be con-
tained. policy decisions in several

“Policy aimed. at cont
recurrent expenditure, restricting
the money supply. balancing export
competitiveness with import needs
and boosting foreign currency to the
Productive sectors, is essential”

It is hoped that a major factor
limiting i investment in the manufac-
turing sector. that o} equate
Feturn on investment. “will be ad-
dressed in new policy measures to
be contained in Volume II of the
National Development Plan”

Meanwhile. a number of meas-
ures “on the horizon’ to boost
regional trade will be welcomed by
“destabilising developments” in
South Africa. The CZ advocates
-y decisions aimed at strength-
cning allocations for imports froth
the PTA. and underlines the need
for progress in the development of
altern: ive trade routes.

“Uncertainties related to South
Africa and inability to source sutfi-
cient raw materialy to. sustain
growth are the major contributory
factors to the present pessimism of
the general business situation in the
tor.

“A good agricultural season,
fresh initiatives to source and save
on foreign inputs, and stronger
regional trade are looked for to
stimulate growth in the coming
year"", the report concludes.



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

SCHOLARSHIP TO U,S,-~Black South Africans interested in applying for scholar-
ships to the United States must do so soon as closing dates are drawing near,
--Operation Crossroads Africa, offers 30-day programme in community health
systems, regional economic development and project planning and curriculum
design, Deadline: November 15, --Hubert H, Humphrey North-South Fellowship
Programme: Nineemonth, non-degree course for professionals with strong
academic backgrounds and an outstanding record of professional accomplishing
in planning, public administration, agriculture and health, Deadline:
November 22, -+-Black lawyers programme: one-year course to give qualified
black lawyers masters' degrees in advocacy law. Applicants should have LLBs.
Experience not essential, Deadline: November 28, Long-term English
teacher upgrading programme: Nine-month, non-degree course for teachers
with no formal qualifications, Deadline: November 28, For details contact
the American Centre in Cape Town at 21 4280, [Text]. [Cape Town THE ARGUS in
English 31 Oct 86 p 10] /9274

C&Gs = 3400/431

61



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ANGOLA

SECRECY SURROUNDS DEATH OF EMBASSY EMPLOYEE IN LISBON
Lisbon EXPRESSO in Portuguese 4 Oct 86 pp 1, 24

[Text] The judicial police are investigating the circumstances surrounding the
death last August of a security employee at the Embassy.of the. People's Republic
of Angola in Lisbon, Venancio Luis (Gordurosa), as EXPRESSO learned from an
official source.

The Angolan Ambassador to Lisbon assured EXPRESSO that Venancio Luis had died in
a Lisbon hospital, a cancer victim, showing us various documents (medical reports
and a death certificate) attesting to his claim; but, nevertheless, strong rumors
have been circulating about the possibility of the employee's having been a
murder victim.

Information procured from several police sources and others associated with the
Angolan community in Lisbon indicate that Gordurosa.appeared to have died from
strangulation at the bottom of the Tagus River, under the Almeirim bridge.
Yesterday, the judicial police informed us officially that an "investigation"
is under way in that police agency of the death of the Angolan citizen, Venancio
Luis, which took place "at a Lisbon hospital," while the results of the required
autopsy are being awaited.

The fact that this investigation process exists and an autopsy has been request—
ed of the corpse: has raised suspicions about the case, and lent some credibility
to the rumors ofi the criminal origin of the death.

Venancio Luis was a long-standing cadre of Holden Roberto's FNLA, who was later
"recovered" for the MPLA. He was also security chief for the RPA's former
ambassador in Lisbon, Adriano Sebastiao; but he ‘returned to Angola because of
differences with the latter regarding the methods used in his defense. Later,
he reportedly returned to Portugal at the order of the current ‘diplomatic
representative, Mawete Batista.

Meanwhile, the magazine AFRICA CONFIDENCIAL, published in‘Lisbon,. reported
Venancio Luis' death in its latest issue, in a_section on "espionage in Angola"
(see page 10), in which reference was made to various dismissals or transfers
of personnel connected with the Angolan Embassy in Lisbon; ‘linking them with
"activities in the area of espionage."



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

The district has 38 schools totally 124 classrooms with 4,734 students. It
also has a college of general education established in 1977, that now has 12
classrooms with 417 students and 13 professors.

The percentage of children attending school is 20.2. One problem is that the
district still has six straw-hut classrooms.

In the area of water resources, it will benefit on a priority basis from the
activities planned under the 1986-87 subregional development program. While
consolidating gains made so far, the community has set aside nearly 3 million
CFA francs to maintain at least 10 wells a year.

Livestock raising is the second major activity of the people but it is
difficult to put a precise figure on the number of cattle. In fact a good
part of the livestock is recorded in Madaoua.

Despite problems of deterioration of the land, isolated, inaccessible areas
and the rural exodus, the district authorities have in any event decided to
help this administrative entity overcome its many difficulties.

9805/12913
cso: 3419/31

15



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

EAST LONDON SEEN AS MOST POPULAR REGION FOR NEW INDUSTRY

East London DAILY DISPATCH in

[Text] PRETORIA — The most 1243 projects during the port, the Minister’ of
popular regions for in- 1985-86 financial year,a Trade and Industry, Dr
centive-led industrial 2,2 per cent increase on - Dawie de Villiers said
decentralisation last the previous year. Those there were many busi-
year were East London, Projects are expected to ness undertakings
Port Elizabeth, and Isi- create 88 thousand new abroad that still be-
thebe in Natal, acco: jobs. - lieved in and utilised
ing to the Decentralis- Total i ; the ample development
ation Board’s 1986 ,,20tal investment in opportunities in South
annual report. pected to. projects is ex- Africa in spite of the dis-

The report says the fion. , investment campaign. |
board spent R464 mil- Reviewing the board’s
lion on encouraging new The board has bud- annual report, he said it
industry to move away geted. R5 160000 for de- Was of “particular sig-
from existing industrial centralisation ‘incen- Mificance” 92 of the
centres. tives during the 1986-87 otal, record, number of

The report shows that financial year. applications received
appro . ow! a Reviewing th had come from abroad.
Pproval was given to ng the re- this represented an

increase of 19,5 per cent
over the 1984/85 period
and a- doubling com-
pared to 1983/84.

“This indicates
clearly that in spite of
the disinvestment cam-
paign, there are many"
business + undertakings
which believe in and av-
ail themselves of the
ample development op-
portunities. in South
Africa.” .

The number of claims
processed in the review
year totalled 8993,
which was 60 per cent
more than the previous
year. — DDC-Sapa

19274

csO: 3400/429

English 31 Oct 86 p 5

79



JPRS~SSA~86~122

11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

GOVERNMENT PLAN TO CARVE UP NAMAQUALAND MEETS RESISTANCE

‘Economic Farming Units' Envisaged

Johannesburg THE WEEKLY MAIL in English 31 Oct-6 Nov 86 p ll

[article by Moira Levy]

[Text]

NAMAQUALAND peasants, who for
generations have grazed their stock on
state-owned common ground, face
mass unemployment and possible
starvation due to. a House of
Representatives scheme to subdivide
the land into 47 individual farms.
Approximately 700 peasants,

descendants of the Nama-speaking:

Khoi who have used the land
communally for hundreds of years,
are likely to be forced off the land.

According to a Department of Local
Government, Housing and Agricul-
ture representative, not more than 150
people can be accommodated on the
new farms which will be between
1 800 and 6 000 hectares in size.

J Smuts, the department’s
agricultural officer, said he had “no
idea what would happen to the
others”. He is adamant no families
would be forced to move, but it is
unlikely many of the peasants, who
barely subsist on the produce of the
land, could afford the R300 rent for a
plot.

According to evidence before a
commission of inquiry set up last
month to investigate their grievances,
the scheme is in contravention of a
1979 law governing the
administration of coloured agricul-
tural land.

Advocate B Burger, representing
the community, explained that an
investigation is mandatory before

“Government,

common land is sub-divided. “But
they have put the cart before the
horse. The minister should have
ordered that a survey be carried out
first, and then he could divide the
land.

“The community is saying it is
wrong their land should be cut up like
this. The land belongs to them, it was
given to them by the church and
through the ages they have had the
right to sow, graze and erect
dwellings on it.”

The Department of Local
Agriculture and
Housing first proposed sub-dividing.
the area into “economic farming
units” two years ago, arguing the land
was being severely depleted by the
communal semi-nomadic grazing
arrangement. That reasoning has been
rejected by the community.

University of Cape Town
researcher, Lita Webley, in her
evidence before the commission
wamed that because families have
been denied access to their winter
grazing lands the common area left
for them to graze their stock has been
seriously depleted.

“Most families used to move
seasonally with their stock to winter
stockposts. These movements have
almost ceased and this has resulted in
almost total denudation of the
commonage around the village,” she
said.

52

“The conventional wisdom is that
the communal land tenure system was
responsible for the present over-
grazing in the reserves. The historical
information suggests quite the
opposite. Since rainfall is very
sporadic and extensive droughts are
common in Namaqualand, seasonal
movements are a vital aspect of the
effective utilisation of the land.”
_Webley added: “The economic
farming unit has resulted in the
wealthier inhabitants investing -their
capital in livestock and farms, whilst
the majority of the poorer inhabitants
with their small herds have been
deprived of access to their seasonal
pastures.”

The community is particularly
angered by the fact that outsiders are
being granted tenders for the plots.
They claim most newcomers are not
bona fide farmers.

Resident Gert Bekeur alleged in an
affidavit before the commission that
18 of the more than 30 new occupiers
were wage earners.

Bekeur, born. in Leliefontein and a
farmer all his life, said “a number of
the tenders were given to outsiders
who had no established rights to the
land and were not the traditional
inhabitants of the area.

“A lot of the grants were given to
people with cash incomes, for
example teachers, pensioners,
policemen and land owners from
other areas, while we, the small


NATIONWIDE RAINFALL BRINGS RELIEF FOR DEBT-RIDDEN FARMERS

Johannesburg BUSINESS DAY in English 30 Oct 86 p 3

[Article by Mick Collins and Gerald Reilly]

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/429

THE rains of the past two days
have been widespread and most
of SA has had good falls. -

Pretoria and Johannesburg had
their heaviest rain for the past
year with falls of 107,5mm and

m respectively.

The downpour has helped
Transvaal’s rainfall figures, bring-
ing the total for October to 130mm.

‘And SA’s debt-ridden maize far-
mers: are jubilant.

Good rains have fallen over a
vast area to be planted to maize
this year, and the best season in a
decade is possible, said the
National Maize Producers Organi-
sation (Nampo).

Nampo GM Piet Gous said from
Bothaville: “Farmers have waited,
and suffered, for the past five
years for a good growing season
and the omens are favourable that
the 1986-7 agricultural year will be
tremendous.

“Between 50mm and 100mm of
rain has fallen over a wide area of
the western Transvaal and north-
western Free State where 60% of
the crop is grown.”

Meat Board GM Pieter Coetzee
said if good rains continued to fall
in the ranching areas, farmers
could be expected to withhold sup-
plies to rebuild breeding stock
badly depleted by years of

drought.

Sugar farmers in Natal are also
delighted with the rains, although
they have come too late to affect
this year’s crop.

A spokesman for the Cane-
growers’ Association said good
rains now would get the new sea-
son’s crop off to a good start.

The Weather Bureau reports
that the good rains over Trans-
vaal, Free State and Natal were
caused by moist air flowing south-
eastwi into a trough of low
pressure over the central interior.

As this high moves further east-

wards rapid clearance will take
place today.
OTravellers on an SAA flight
from Durban to Johannesburg ex-
pected a flight of less than an hour
on Tuesday, but had to sit tight for
10 hours because of bad weather
and technical hitches.

Irate passengers said their
flight from Durban should have
arrived in Johannesburg at 4pm,
but they arrived about lam — on
the third attempt.

Heavy rain and a low cloud cov-
er at Jan Smuts Airport also af-
fected many other flights.

76

JPRS~SSA-86-122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA


in January with an increase’
of about 14%. It claims it has
to charge more to fund power
stations now that it can no
longer borrow abroad.
Escom says increases
after January will be less
than the inflation rate, but
there is little doubt the next
will cause’ more Soweto
households to switch off.
Everyone knows that tn-
less Third World standards
are adopted, the next town-
ship electrification scheme
will be even more expensive.
Escom is looking at ways
to get electricity to Third
World consumers. An obvious
implication is that cabling in
future will have to go over-.
head. This brings safety and
security problems.
‘Alexandra, already partly
electrified, is the favourite
candidate for the next
scheme,

A World First

THE mammoth project began six years ago. The electrifica-
tion process took 4% years.— the first contractors went on
sitein August 1980 and the project was completed in February
1985.

It was a world first — nowhere else has a city of i,4-million
people been-provided with electricity from scratth.

Planning began in 1978. when David Thebehali, then chair-
man of the Soweto Council, approached the private sector for
assistance to improve the quality of life in the satellite city.

Houses have one one light to a room, two outdoor lights and
one plug outlet a room. Provision is made at the distribution
board for a future geyser and stove.

A two-wire and neutral earth leakage device was developed
for Soweto.

Excavations Would Have Provided: 10,000 Pools

THE statistics involved. in electrifying an
existing city of 1,4-million people are stag-

gering.
Here are some of the figures:
@ The volume of excavations for the pro- ‘
ject totalled 690 000m? — the equivalent of : :
digging sites for 10000 average domestic
swimming pools.
@ A total of 1178km of low-voltage cable
was used — the distance from Johannes-
burg to Durban and back again.

© Altogether 8 140 streei-lighting poles of
all types were installed. There was al-
ready high-mast lighting in.the Soweto = :
council area. Additional high-mast lighting

was designed and installed by the Johan-

nesburg Municipality's Electricity De-

partment. :
@A. total of 4252km of holise service ot
cables was used — a distance equivalent to .

three road trips between. Johannesburg : : :
and Cape Town.

59



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZANU (PF) AID TO MOZAMBIQUE--Zanu (PF) Harare province has so far collected
$7,820,35 from members as assistance to Mozambique following the death of
President Samora Machel, the acting chairman, Cde Smith Marara, said yester-
day, The Hindu Society of Zimbabwe boosted the funds raised by party members
yesterday, when they presented $1,251 at a ceremony attended by Cde Marara
and other provincial officials including the treasurer, Cde Solomon Tawengwa.
Cde Marara said money was still pouring in as when someone died money was
traditionally given as a token of sympathy and towards expense, The money
would be handed over to the party's central committee who would sent it to
Mozambique as a gesture of solidarity, The president of the Hindu Society,
Mr Manuvhai Patel, said the Indian community had cancelled its annual Diwali
celebrations tomorrow and the New Year on Sunday in honour of Cde Machel.
{Text] [Harare THE HERALD in English 31 Oct 86 p 9] /9274

ASBESTOS SALE TO INDIA--The Minerals Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe (MMCZ)
has concluded a $4.2 million supply agreement with the Metals Tradings
Corporation of India, the third such agreement in three years. The deputy
general manager of the MMCZ, Mr Tobias Chizengeni, this week told the GAZETTE
that while the amount paid for Zimbabwe's asbestos remained much the same,
the tonnage supply to India had actually increased. Due to the reduction in
the importation of asbestos by the United States and Europe (and lately
Germany), on health grounds, entry to other asbestos markets has become
stiffer, and it was in that light that the Indian market was particularly
significant. Zimbabwe supplied India with asbestos worth about $4.5 million
in 1984/85, and supplied 8,565 tonnes, also worth $4.5 million, in 1985/86.
This year's firm tonnage order is about 10,000 tonnes for $4.2 million, with
an option for additional tonnage. Mr Chizengeni said there was a possibility
that the additional tonnage option could be exercised again this year, having
been taken last year, All payment deals with India have been on a part
counter-trade, and part cash basis. [Text] [Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE

in English 24 Oct 86 p 3] /8309

CSO: 3400/434

32


JPRS~SSA~

11 December

THE ARGUS Food Campaign Launched

[Text] FUNDS from The Argus Food Cam-

paign will help the city health de-
partment’s shoestring relief opera-
tion on the Cape’ Flats
“tremendously”, says Medical Offi-
cer of Health Dr Reg Coogan.

The campaign was launched on
Friday with a R5000 pledge from
the Mayor’s Relief Fund and R1 000
from The Argus Charity Jackpot
Fund.

Already staff at the Mowbray
branch of a supermarket chain have
pledged R350 intended for their
Christmas party to the campaign.

A delighted Dr Coogan said of the
campaign, run in association with
the Mayor’s Relief Fund: “We’re
greatly heartened by The Argus’s re-
sponse and I think this will help us
tremendously.”

He said his department was run-
ning its own Operation Hunger —
aimed at alleviating some of the
consequences of grinding poverty
and high unemployment on the Cape
Flats — on a shoestring budget.

“Already we're R6000 ahead and
if we can get a little more cash we'll
be 10 times ahead.”

Dr Coogan said he had been asked
why his department had become in-
volved in the project.

“The World Health Organisation’s
definition of health is a state of
physical, social and emotional well-
being and not merely the absence of
disease.

“We have a community disease at
the moment — poverty and unem-
ployment and all that springs from
it. It’s our business and that’s why
we're tackling it.”

Dr Coogan also explained that his
department had the infrastructure
to handle the project because its ser-

vice was based largely on home-vis-
its.

Nurses visited homes as a matter
of routine on such matters as post-
natal and infant check-ups, geriatric
care and follow-ups to psychiatric
out-patients.

“They can assess the family dur-
ing those visits — they know the

72

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 20 Oct 86 p 1

community intimately,” Dr Coogan
said.

Today 5 800 food: parcels from the
Department of National Health and
Population Development are due to
arrive in the.city.

Each parcel contains 25kg of spe-
cially selected food which is enough
to feed a family of five for a month.

The parcels will be stored under
tight security at the City Hospital in
Portswood Road before being dis-
tributed by Dr Coogan’s staff at the
rate of about 1000 a week to the.
most needy families,

The Mayor, Mr. Leon Markovitz,
said yesterday he: was expecting an
enthusiastic public response to the
campaign. a

6-122
. 1986


JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

TREURNICHT REACTS TO ZIMBABWE-MOZAMBIQUE ‘PLOT’
MBO71754 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1749 GMT 7 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 7 November, SAPA--The alleged plot by Mozambique and
Zimbabwe to overthrow Malawi confirmed that no communist government could be
trusted, the leader of the Conservative Party [CP], Dr Andries Treurnicht,
said tonight.

Reacting to the disclosure by the minister of foreign affairs, Mr Pik Botha, of
documents relating to the plot, Dr Treurnicht said in a statement that communist
states only agreed on negotiations and accords when it was to their sole benefit.

"Eulogosing" by the state president, Mr P.W. Both, and cabinet ministers, after
the death of President Samora Machel in a plane crash has caused "grievous
offence" to most whites in South Africa, Dr Treurnicht said.

In particular, he added, offence had been caused to the local Portuguese commu-
nity, many of whom had "suffered and lost everything at the hands of someone
Mr Botha calls a great leader of Africa.

“The National Party's record of ham-handedness in handling our relations with
neighbouring states and in particular their official rejection of RENAMO in
favour of the communist Frelimo is a further example of their inability to act
in the interest of South Africa against communism," Dr Treurnicht said.

"The foreign-inspired Nkomati Accord was nothing more than a plot to persuade
South Africa to prop up a collapsing Frelimo regime and is further evidence of
what has been done over the years by overseas banking interests to keep their
trade with communist states afloat.

"The Conservative Party is not prepared to aid communism in any way nor is it
prepared to put the interests of the U.S. State Department before the interests
of the South African voter," the CP leader said.

/12232
CSO: 3400/406

33



JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

ANC REVEALS SECRET OPERATIONS ON BRITISH TV

Cape Town CAPE TIMES in English 28 Oct 86 p 3

[Text]

Own Correspondent
LONDON — The African National Congress has gone
public — and shown some of its secretive operatives
and operations to the world for the first time.
They have done this in a dramatic television pro-

to be screened here tonight on the indepen- i

gramme
dent TV channel.

‘At the start of the programme a commentator
points out that to some the ANC are guerillas, to
others freedom fighters and to yet others, terrorists.

In this programme, called Spear of the Nation —

after the ANC’s military wing, they are clearly seen

as freedom fighters.

Emerging from top-security possibly for the first
time is Mr Joe Slovo, 58, who is shown in casual,
open-neck attire, with grey hair and glasses, speak-
ing seriously of the organization’s operations. Mr
Slovo is described as Umkonto we Sizwe’s chief-of-
staff and the sole white in the leadership of the ANC.
‘The makers of the film decline to disclose where
the interview was conducted, but say that it was
filmed in the African frontline states and inside
South Africa as well. -
‘Another amazing glimpse is given of the: ANC
clandestine propaganda organization, Radio Free-

dom, showing scenes of broadcasts being beamed -

/8309
cso: 3400/440

from professional studios somewhere in Africa into
South Africa.

Among these who are interviewed in the pro-
gramme are Mr Oliver Tambo, president of the ANC,
and Mr Thabo Mbeki, an ANC. spokesman and Mr
Tambo’s political secretary. The curtain is also lifted
on Mr Chris Hani, 44, deputy commander of Umkonto
we Sizwe.

‘Others who give their views on the programme
include Mrs Winnie Mandela and Archbishop Trevor
Huddlestone, Mr Gavin Relly, head of the Anglo
American Corporation, who led a delegation to Zam-
bia for talks with the ANC earlier this vear. and
British Foreign Secretary Sir Geoffrey Howe.

While a good deal of time is given to spokesmen of
the ANC, President P W Botha is shown delivering a
speech where he talks of having been lenient and
patient, and warns that he should not be pushed too

far.

But the message in the 60 minutes that British
viewers will see is that the ANC is central to any
solution in South Africa. It coincides with a lengthy
interview in the Financial Times with Mr Tambo,
which portrays him not as the archetypical guerilla
leader but as a serious and greying lawyer at the
helm of the organization.

48


JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

MMCZ PLANS TO USE NEW BEIRA SHIPPING SERVICE

Johannesburg THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 19

[Text] ‘THE Minerals Marketing Corpo- _pean trade partners. The office will
ration. of Zimbabwe, which is be headed by Mr E T Chidzonga.
responsible for all marketing of  ‘‘Our long term plans are to open ,

Zimbabwe's seven main metals — offices in North America and the
ferrochrome, nickel, r, tin, Far East", said Mr Rule. The
silver, iron and steel rvill soon MMC sells mainly through telex,
increase export shipments telephone and personal contacts.
through the port of Beira. Officials of the corporation travel
The general manager of the cor- extensively all year round, making
poration, Mr Mark Rule; revealed ~~ new contacts and keeping in touch
in a recent interview that arrange- with existing buyers.
jeems had been made win (“This personal contact is a vital
weinte ile B fork Pet Bel be aspect of our business’’, explained
gin regularly at Beira. Mr Rule. “If you do not keep in
NOVEMBER START regular contact wit buyers they for-
Aa ‘. ‘ et about you. It is also important
“This is specifically in order to keep a anger on the pulseof cus-
carry our asbestos to Japan, one of tomers’ changing requirements and

our major customers, and should to apprise them of developments at
start in November”, said Mr Rule. (yrPhts °P

It is hoped that once it is satisfac- ;
torily established this route will also Another-important feature of the
be used for the shipment of certain MMC’s operation is the provision
metals to Japan, such as nickel. facility tours of suppliers in Zim-
‘One Of Zrababwe's sneie steel i babwe. Hundreds of visitors are
customers is the People’s Republic , Teceived every year and taken on fa-
of China, and while ferrochrome is | “ity tours of mines and factories
mainly sold to Japan, the EEC and | Producing Zimbabwe's minerals.

: S 1 “We like to bring people here to
the US, som nd ng peop &
“Argentina, ¢ is sold to Chile a show them the size, sophistication

‘The MMC is to open ts first for. 24 Tlibilty of our operations and

eign office in Dusseldorf early next {0 8ive them confidence in our abil-
year. Dusseldorf has been chosen ast t© maintain a consistently high
the place most appropriate as 2, (ality and regular supply of the

centre for the corporation’ @ < commodities in which they are in-
rporation’s Euro- terested”, said Mr Rule.

19274
cso: 3400/428

21



KNYSNA GETS NEW BLACK TOWNSHIP

Port Elizabeth WEEKEND POST in English 25 Oct 86 p 8

[Text]

19274
cso:

3400/431

KNYSNA — Knysna’s new
black township, Umso-
bumvu, is getting off the
ground and the provincial
administration has invited
developers to apply for 438
of the 711 sites available.

Umsobumvu (“Flush of
Dawn”), is situated about
one kilometre north of the
Knysna-Plettenberg Bay
Road, five kilometres east
of the town.

A limited number of sites
are provided with house-
hold electricity and the

, infrastructure comprises

water-borne sewerage,
tarred roads with overhead
lighting and stormwater
drains.

It is understood the au-
thorities are seeking the
most ecoriomical and feasi-
ble methods of construction
consistent with the needs of
the community.

It is expected that would-
be developers will conduct
market surveys and arrive
at figures for the ratio of
basic housing to elite
housing units required.

It seems there is no inten-
tion of awarding the devel-
opment of all of the 438 sites
to one large contractor, or
even to several. The small
man will not be excluded
and there is nothing to pre-
vent a would-be resident
from applying for one site
and erecting his own home
on it.

Contractors will be al-
lowed sites for speculation.

51

JPRS- ssa
86-1
11 December toss

SOUTH AFRICA


Appliance Sales Off to Slow Start

WHEN the Soweto electrification
project was announced in 1978, man-
ufacturers and retailers of electric
appliances were delighted, predict-
ing a huge new market.

Consensus now is that this market has
failed to materialise.

‘The reasons are varied. Some say that al-
though overall electrification has happened,
cables stop at the gate — too few blacks have
the money to be hooked up to the system.

Others blame the downswing in the eco-
nomy.

‘According to Richard Ferrer, marketing
director of Tek Corporation, black purchases
of electrical appliances are lower today than
four years ago.

Buying power

Mr Ferrer says: “High unemployment and
the downturn in the economy mean that buy-
ing power has decreased. In some black areas
where there has been electricity for some
time ownership of appliances is high.

“This will happen in Soweto as well if the
economy revives.”

Wietske van der Westhuizen, group mar-
keting manager of Ellerine, says there is a
gradual increase in the purchase of electrical
appliances.

Mr van der Westhuizen says: “There is no
rush to buy. Paradoxically, sales of gas appli-
ances are good.

“Part of the problem is the high cost of
electrical installation. This is a major deter-
rent to black buying of appliances. In areas
where there has been electrification for some
time, there is a high percentage of ownership
of appliances. But it is not happening over-
night.”

Coal fires die

Dion’s chief executive, Norman Cohen,
says there has been much business in small
appliances, like double hot plates, but the sale
of majors has not taken off.

Game director Trevor Faikson is optimis-
tic about sales before the Christmas season.
He believes that recent price increases for
electgrical appliances of between 12% and
20% have been a deterrent to buyers.

According to Gert Coetzee, manager of a
downtown Lewis Stores, however, sales have
been good. He attributes the volume of so-
phisticated appliance sales like hobs to the
Increasing degree of home ownership in So-
weto.

‘Mr Coetzee says: “The sale of coal stoves
has virtually come to a halt. We don’t even
carry them on the floor any more. Electrical
appliances are what are selling now.”

/8309
cso: 3400/440

60



Briefs
Dakoro Faces Drought Consequences
Spain Food Aid

ZIMBABWE

Six-Year Economic Ties Renewed With Iraq
(THE HERALD, 28 Oct 86) scoccececsccocccccvcccccsvovcvsecs

Technical Cooperation Agreement Signed With FRG
(THE HERALD, 28 Oct 86) ..ccccccoccccacccccccccccccccccecs

Favorable Trade Balance With Malawi Reported
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) ccccoeececcecccvcccvece

Private Businessmen Warned of Conditions in Mozambique
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) ceccecccecccccccceccres

MMCZ Plans To Use New Beira Shipping Service
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) ceccceeccccscccceesoscs

ZMDC To Work on Gold Mine at Chegutu
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) woccceesceeevcceeceeseo

Optimism Grows in Civil Engineering, Construction
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) .seccccoececceeeceseces

CZI Survey Shows Output Down, Costs Up
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) .eeceeccececeesceoeevcs

Mining Output, Values Reported
(THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE, 24 Oct 86) .eccccccccecsccccceseee

Nyagumbo Calls for Rural Consumer Co-Ops
(THE SUNDAY MAIL, 26 Oct 86) wecccccccccccsccveccsseevoece

Mashonaland Governor Urges Freedom From Tribalism, Nepotism
(Tendayi Nyakunu; THE SUNDAY MAIL, 26 Oct 86) ceocccceeeee

Alarming Rise in Crime Rate Reported
(Michael Hartnacks DAILY DISPATCH, 20 Oct 86) sesecceseeee

Briefs
Mining Industry Growth Lagging

Mineral, Mining Output
Zanu (PF) Aid to Mozaml
Asbestos Sale to India

Up
ibique


JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

P.W. BOTHA HAILS SUCCESS OF BUSINESS CONFERENCE
MBO72009 Johannesburg Television Service in Afrikaans 1800 GMT 7 Nov 86

[Excerpts] The state president's conference with business leaders in Pretoria
today has led to a general acceptance by the state and top South African busi-
nessmen of the Economic Advisory Council's proposals for a national strategy.
After the conference, business leaders expressed their praise for the frank
discussions and the manner in which South African interests were continuously
presented. The state's reaction to the strategy has just been given at a news
conference,

[Begin State President. P.W. Botha video recording} I am happy that we have
succeeded in the aim of the conference. It was a good conference, a conference
of goodwill and frankness, a conference of civilized people who discussed South
African problems together in a civilized way. I would like to give the assur-
ance that where we had differences, criticism of this mature was tolerated and
this helped us to get closer to a solution to our problems. [Changes to
English] I hope that in future, the Economic Advisory Council to the state
president will apply its mind in finding a way in which we can from time to time
meet with the private sector in this way so as to enable us to find each
other's views in the most proper way. [Changes to Afrikaans] We did not shout
at each other. We did not insult each other. We enriched each other and we
are parting as friends. [Changes to English] I thank you gentlemen for the
way in which you made the conference a success. [End video recording]

/12232
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40


accident and the international political sphere dictates that there should be
safeguards, there should be no doubt as to what caused this accident. It does
not help for us to say that if the pilot had looked at his own instruments, he
would have known where he was, unless we can confirm this beyond all possible
doubt.

[Landman] Do you think that there is a method by which that can happen, in the
course of the investigation?

[Earp] I am quite sure that they will find a way. I am quite sure.
[Landman] Thank you very much for your presence tonight, and all the best.
[Earp] Thank you.

/12232
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38



Getting across the long Mozam-
bique-SA border is not difficult but
the refugees were then faced with
perhaps the biggest hazard of all: be-
ing attacked by wild animals while
trekking through the Kruger National
Park.

A group of refugees watched help-
lessly as two of the fellow travellers
were savaged by lions. An elderly
woman was more fortunate: she es-
caped with the loss of an ear when
her companions drive the lioness
away by banging on pots and pans.

Not recognised

Those who get through to the tem-
porary refuge of the camps still face
an uncertain future. But they all have
one thing in common: a fierce deter-
mination never to return to their war-
torn home country.

The already uncertain future of the
more than 60000 Mozambican refu-
gees in South Africa and the national
states is compounded by the frosty re-
lations between the two countries.

The South African Government
does not recognise them as refugees.
It prefers to label them as illegal
aliens. The Mozambican Government
tries to hide the extent of its internal
troubles from the outside world and
will also not refer to its citizens as
refugees.

The complete breakdown in talks
over the refugee question has resulted
in more cracks in the already shaky
Nkomati Accord.

In-Transit Illegal Migrants Not Encouraged to Stay

PRETORIA. — In stark contrast to
the peaceful, established village at-
mosphere of the Lilydale refugee set-
tlement are the Lulekani “transit
camps” — a scant three kilometres
from Phalaborwa.

Here men and women are housed in
separate camps and a senior liaison
officer of the Gazankulu Government
described Lulekani as “a transit cen-
tre for temporary refugees”.

Government involvement stretches
to registration of refugees by the De-
partment of the Interior and medical
care by the Department of Health.
Food and clothing is supplied by Op-
eration Hunger, the Red Cross and
other organisations.

The chairman of the Lulekani Re-
lief Committee, the Rev T Bala, de-
scribed the status of the refugees as
temporary, and confirmed that they
shuttled between their home country
and Gazankulu. He described them as
illegal migration workers rather than
refugees fleeing the civil war.

Young men, all obviously work-fit,
are dominant.

While the village school accepts
refugee children, they are not encour-
aged to learn much more than the ba-
sic skills of reading and writing.
There are no self-help programmes
for adults.

63



‘JPRS-SSA86~122
11 December 1986

NIGER

MINISTER EXAMINES TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, ROAD PROJECTS
Begins Tour of Zinder Department
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 15 Oct 86 p 3

[Article by Ali Moussa Chaweye: "Minister Moumouni Yacouba at the Zinder
Construction Sites"]

[Text] The minister of public works and habitat is continuing his working tour
in the interior of the country. Following his visit to Diffa, Moumouni Yacouba
is now in Zinder Department.

Yesterday, accompanied by Prefect Moumouni Djermakoye Adamou, he went to the
construction site where work is in progress to repair the 51-kilometer Takeita-
Zinder section of the highway. The project is financed by the European Devel-
opment Fund (EDF) in the amount of more than 1 billion CFA francs.

The construction work--which is being carried out by an Italian company--will
be completed in January 1987. In the afternoon, the minister of public works
and habitat made a scheduled visit to the technical services under the juris-
diction of his ministry before presiding over a meeting of summation with the
departmental staffs.

Concomitantly with these visits, Minister Moumouni Yacouba was accorded the
honor-~as the official responsible for Zinder Department in representation of
the Development Company--of presiding over yesterday morning's official cere-
mony dedicating a Red Cross (local section) facility. The ceremony was
followed by a tree-planting exercise.

The facility includes a classroom with a capacity of 40 seats, a warehouse, an
office, and a public health facility. It was built through the good offices
of the national Tombola and with the participation of volunteers.

The schedule for this morning calls for visits to the Samia-Belbedji and Dakoro-
Belbedji road projects.

The ministerial delegation will leave Zinder tomorrow morning for Agadez.


tration, We wanted to do
everything on our own.

“We trieq to persuade
them not to pay rerc or
lay any charge at the
police station, We would
Sort our own problems
and allow the people to
choose the best “judgment
at the people's courts, We
realised that we were kil-
ling ourselves by paying
rent and fines, because
the goverrment uses this
money to buy Hippos
(armoured cars).”

At the core of the new
township organ‘sation is
the street-committee —
elected to represent
residents of a particular
street and to actively
maintain the level of
politica, awareness.

The committees provide
fer the grassroot demo-
cracy and have been
the major factor be-
hind the success of the
consumer ‘boycotts in the
Hastern Cape.

In conjunction with
these street committees
“Disciplinary committee”
and “peoples ccurts” have
beer: created as alternate
structures of authority
ang control in Mamelodi.

Mayo explains: “We tell
the people that they do
not have to go to the
police stations and that
their problems can be sol-
ved at the people's court.
In each street there is a
sectional delegate as weil
as a person who 1s romi-
nated from the street
committee to watch for
criminals, I¢ there is an
accused a people’s court
is set up, Anyone can be
involved and normally
there are 20 to 30 people.
If an accused warts to

eal a court of appeal
meets every Sunday, The
point is to rehabilitate a
person.” According to
wayo's constitution, the
objective of the dis-
plinary committees is to
mobilise, organise and
educate people politically.

“They are like a wing
of Mayo used to mairtain
order and discipline. We
are setting up branches
in every section of the
township. We want. to
show the people which
line, to follow in their
politics,

/8309
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“During the corsumer
boycott the displinary
committees first issued
pamphlets explaining
why the people should
stop buying from whites

shops, Then when some-

People continueq buying
the committee took away
their food to the old-age
home. .

“We want people to feel
the struggle.”

Mayo is quite clear
about the purpose of the
new structurey it is creat-
ing. “Once you cut the
confidence of the people
in government-created in-
stitutions, they become
confident ard begin to
provide for themselves,

The township youth are
not playing at govern-
ment, Mamelodi's street
committees are merely
part of a national
Phenomenon, They may
not be as experierced as
the ‘street committees of
the Eastern Cape put

. they are deadly serious.

In the - townships of
Port Elizabeth and East
London, the street com-
mittees have succeeded in
turning rage into dis-
ciplined. protest, Faceless
but efficient they have
ensured that community
decisions are treated with
the utmost respect and
the need for solidarity is
clearly understood.

For five months of a
bitter consumer struggie
they provided a backbone
of "resistance, taking
care of the aged, the
the hungry, sanctioning
the mereenary and
educating the weak, pro-
viding the township with

a vital communication.

network.

Th the wake of ther
Success which saw the
white business com-
Mmunity brought to its
knees, street committees
have sprung‘ up in nearly
all the Hastern Cape
townships and are
spreading in the Trans-
veal, the townships
around Cape Town and
even the townships
dominated by the Inkatha
tribal organisation in
Durbar.

50

_Mr Mkhuseli Jack of
the Port Elizabeth Youth
Congress contirms the ef-
ficiency of the commit.
tees when he says: “If
we have people who
doubt the need for unity
in the struggle, we let
educate them. They are
street. committees
educate them. They are
very good at that.”

Against the  ctassic
Panorama of guerilla
warfare the townships
are not in military terms
“liberated zones”. Not
yet,

But the evidence. ig
clear that together with
the establishment of ai-
ternative structures. of
control the township
youth are: beginning to
defend their terrain,

= 5

More ard more 1n-
cidents of the police com-
ing ‘under fire from be-
hind township barricades
are being reported.
Moreover the presence of
thousands: of African
National Congress ir-
Surgents in the township
give these battles a very
real element of war,

AS Mr Zwelakhe ‘Sisulu,
editor of the Johannes.
burg-based newspaper,
the. New Nation, ob-
serves:

“It is physically im-
possible for the security
police to root out a
street-committee on
every street of - every
township, It is a concept
of organisation that is

‘rapidly being developed

8Nq for which the police
have no answer.” —PTSA,


enough. The system will end up los-

ers.
“Of course some of us will die in the
— but not all of us.”

The person 1am talking tois youn;
Like his comrade with gun he
about 19 years of age. Yet at this age
they are ly veterans of many
riots and violent experiences.

By Umkhonto the youth is refer-
ring to the military wing of the ANC,
which he subcribes to ideologically,
and by the “system” he means the
South African government, which he
hates because of what he terms “its
willingness to oppress forever”.

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‘These members of the “Comrades”
are all former pils of a Soweto high
school which left for fear of ar-
rest after the declaration of the state
of emergency in June and the deten-
tion of many activists.

“what has life been like during the
months of hiding?” I ask.

“I say tough but sweet, comrade.
‘We have got our own strategies. Good
strategies. Many hide-outs, enough
food, enough clothing, enough blan-
‘kets. Though we sometimes run out of
money, we have never starved,” he
says.

56

“iho provides you with all this?” 1

as

“all revolutions have sup}
and ours is not an exception. We, too,
have supporters who give us moral
and material support.

“Unfortunately, I am not allowed .
to reveal their names. But they are
here, in the midst of our people and
some of them are well-known n-
alities. Do not worry about their iden-
tities; you will know them after liber-
ation,” he says and smiles.

“How have you been able to avoid
arrests for more than three months?”

“We are just careful and our net-
work of informants is always ‘on the
watch-out for the police. ey Keep us
informed,” say comra

Linquire if they are members of the
ANC? The young man laughs again.

“T support the ANC,” he says.

Clenched_fist

“What about the PAC and Azapo?”

“1 know that the PAC is fighting,
and that is good. We support them in
their fight. They are comrades in
arms,” he says, clenching his fist.

“How do you manage to arm your-
selves? Where do you get the arms
from?” I ask.

‘They look at one another, smiling.

“Well, com, that is our revolution-
ary secret, and as I told you earlier I
am not allowed to reveal some of
these things to you. I think it suffices
to say we have arms, and plenty of
them for that matter.”

Just then the gun-owner turns to his
four comrades. “Hey, comrades.
There is a street committee meetin;
tonight. We must definitely al
Please, please, please. I nearly forgot,
and it’s time up already,” he says.

Going through the same proce-
dures wi me to this meeting, I
was taken back to where we would
Bg far “Comrades” waving a smil-

farewell.
t a world we're living in, I
thought, waved, and marched
straight home.


(EDF) in the amount of more than 1 billion CFA francs exclusive of taxes. The
reconstruction work now under way is scheduled for completion in January 1987.

The 40-kilometer Zinder-Bakin-Birji road is also being financed by the EDF.
The cost of the work is estimated at 1,719,120,000 CFA francs exclusive of
taxes. The scheduled time to completion is 22 months. The construction work
began on 10 September 1985 and will be completed in January 1987.

The second group concerns the 47-kilometer section that runs from Bakin-Birji
to Sabon-Kafi: in other words, from PK 40 (Kilometer 40) to PK 87.

The financing for this section was provided by the African Development Fund
(ADF) and by Niger, in the amount of more than 2 billion CFA francs exclusive
of taxes. The scheduled time to completion of the work was 12 months. Deliv-
ery of this group was completed by 3 April 1986, and the section is already
open to traffic.

The third and final group concerns the Sabon-Kafi section of almost 140 kilo-
meters, which extends to 30 kilometers beyond Takoukou. The work was begun in
June 1986. The contract involves a total amount of 5.5 billion CFA francs
exclusive of taxes. The various lenders were: the Islamic Development Bank
(IDB), the Saudi Development Fund (FSD), the Arab Bank for African Economic
Development (BADEA), the OPEC Fund, and Niger.

En route to Agadez the minister of public works and habitat toured the Tsamia-
Belbedji and Belbedji-Tessaoua sections--two lateritic roads.

The 26-kilometer Tsamia-Belbedji trunk road has been completed and is of excep-
tional quality. Work has begun on the first 5 kilometers of the 102-kilometer
trunk road that will link Belbedji to Tessaoua.

Construction of the aforementioned two sections is part of a comprehensive
program for the construction of the Doutchi-Loga, Dogon-Kirya-Bagaroua, and
Belbedji-Tessaoua roads with financing from the UNDP [UN Development Program]
(the Italian part); ADB [African Development Bank]; and Niger.

The first two sections (respectively 95.5 and 70 kilometers in length) have
already been built, but traffic on the Belbedji-Dakoro trunk road is currently
experiencing difficulties. Two bridges heavily damaged by waters from the deep
valleys--the "koris"--are in fact awaiting repairs.

At Agadez--where Minister Moumouni Yacouba's tour was concluded--the plan is to
construct 30 kilometers of RN 11 [National Route 11], which links Nigeria to
Algeria via the principal localities of Magaria (on the Nigerian border),
Zinder, Tanout, Arlit, Agadez, and Assamaka (on the Algerian border). This
6-meter wide section--costing 1.5 billion CFA francs-~-is being financed by the
African Development Fund, and completion is scheduled: for January 1987. It
connects with the Tahoua-Arlit road at an intersection constructed at the point
where it leaves Agadez.

Work is going forward normally on the Zinder-Agadez road, which has the special
characteristic of having either a 10-meter wide asphalted roadway or a 7-meter

10



ANGOLA

KENYA

MALAWI

NIGER

JPRS-SSA-86-122
11 DECEMBER 1986

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA REPORT
CONTENTS

Secrecy Surrounds Death of Embassy Employee in Lisbon
(EXPRESSO, 4 Oct 86) cccecccccecscessccesccccecccccccceecs

Briefs
Rosa Coutinho Prosecutes Mercenaries

Briefs
Yugoslav Relations, Projects Praised
New Government Bus Service

SALC Summit Discusses Labor Migration to South Africa
(THE KENYA TIMES, 29: Oct 86) soeccccceececesecccesoscosces

Briefs
Norwegian Aid

Minister Examines Transportation Infrastructure, Road Projects
(Ali Moussa Chaweye; LE SAHEL, various dates) ..esceseeoees

Begins Tour of Zinder Department
Visits RUAC

World Bank Loan

Trans-Saharan Highway

CARE Projects To Help Combat Desertification in Bouza
(LE SAHEL, 10-12 Oct 86) ccccccccccccceccccscccscecccccees

1
12

13



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

ZIMBABWE

BRIEFS

MINING INDUSTRY GROWTH LAGGING--The value of mining production in Zimbabwe is
expected to reach $700 million this year despite the recent warning by the
Bindura Nickel Corporation that, unless production and market conditions
change, it is likely to operate at a considerable loss this year following a
$12,8 million profit in 1985, The value of mining production increased 15,2%
to a record $629,6 million last year but this was due entirely to higher prices
in world markets and in Zimbabwe dollars, thereby reflecting currency depre-
ciation, The volume index of output (1980 = 100) slipped very marginally to
96,7 from 97,0 the previous year, but the unit value index, which records
price movements, rose more than 14%, Although the value of mining production
has doubled since 1979, growing at an average annual rate of 122, the volume
index has adveraged 97 over the same period, declining 5% over the period.
Expressed in SDR's, the value of Zimbabwe's mineral production has fallen some
20% since 1980, underscoring the extent to which value growth in the industry
has depended on currency depreciation, With very little new investment being
undertaken in the industry and with stagnating world trade in mining products,
there is unlikely to be any material growth in output volumes this year. But
last year's increase which was 55%, in the coal price, the higher gold price
on world bullion markets and continued Zimbabwe dollar depreciation are likely
to ensure that the value of mining output grows by at least 10% during 1986.
[Text] [Johannesburg THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 20] /9274

MINERAL, MINING OUTPUT UP--Mineral volume production between January and March
1986 increased by 0,2% while manufacturing production increased by 4,5% compared
with the same period last year, according to the latest Quarterly Digest of
Statistics (March 1986). Iron ore production increased by 4.9% and silver
production by 7,6%, Tin metal production increased 28%, and production of
"other" minerals (phosphate, limestone, and lithium), increased by 12,4% com-
pared with 1985 figures. Increases were also recorded for Chrome ore (7,42),
coal (28%), and copper (27,2%), Asbestos output decreased by 14,7% and gold
production decreased by 8,2%. Cobalt production decreased by 20% and nickel
by 0,7%, In the manufacturing sector, production increased by 4,5% overall,
with foodstuffs (including stockfeeds production) increasing by 7,8%; textile
production (including ginning) increased by 27%, and clothing and footwear pro-
duction increased by 10,1%. Wood and furniture production increased by 8,9%;
non-metallic mineral production by 2,27%; metals and metal products volume by
0,3%, Production in the "other" manufacturing groups increased by 60%. Drink
and tobacco production decreased by 17,6%; paper, printing, and publishing out-
put decreased by 4,5%; chemical and petroleum production by 2,7%; and transport
and equipment production by 2.3%, [Text] [Johannesburg THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE
in English 24 Oct 86 p 11] /9274

31



/

JpRS-SSA~
11 Deceb

Campaign Continues

Cape Town THE ARGUS in English 22 Oct 86 p 1

(Text ]

CONTRIBUTIONS to The Argus
Food Campaign passed the
R10 000 mark today.

The latest batch of cheques and
postal orders from Argus readers
totalled R1 978 and boosted the
campaign fund to R10 455 — just
five days after it was launched.

When President 100 Club mem-
bers met for lunch last week they
turned their attention to thought
and sandwiches instead of their
normai slap-up lunch — and the
campaign was richer by R500.

Its president, Mrs Adele Searll,
said: “Three or four times a year
we hold a Thought for Food lunch.

“The idea is to concentrate on
thought and what our speaker has
to say rather than on food, but we
charge the same for sandwiches

as we would for a full meal. That ©

way we save RS or R6 a head,
which we give to a charity.
“Right after our first Thought
for Food lunch last week The Ar-
gus Food Campaign was launched
— so the. campaign will get the
R500 we raised,” said Mrs Searil.

A city antique shop has offered
10 percent of its turnover to The
Argus Food Campaign.

Old World at 235 Long Street,
‘which also sells cottage furniture,
will contribute 10 percent of all
sales to customers who mention
The Argus Food Campaign when

_ buying.

The Heideveld-based Human
Relations Centre intends helping
the campaign to feed hungry vic-
tims of unemployment on the
Cape Flats with a Human Aid
concert — hopefully at the Good
Hope Centre — on November 29.

Medical Officer of Health Dr
Reg Coogan said food gifts were
pouring in.

Two cartons of mixed groceries
were delivered to council collec-
tion depots yesterday and MTL

73

Food Distributors had contributed
a large quantity of assorted tinned
food.

@Cash contributions should be
sent to The Argus Food Campaign,
PO Box 15399, Viaeberg 8018, or
P.O Box 298, Cape Town 8000.
Cheques must be made out to the
Mayor’s Relief Fund.

Offers of food may be made to
Dr Coogan, at S® 210-2100.

96-122
er 1986


FAVORABLE TRADE BALANCE WITH MALAWI REPORTED

Johannesburg THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24

[Text]
.MALAWI had a-trade deficit of

19274
cso:

MK72,9 million (Z$67 million) in,
1985, according to-the Malawi
Annual Economic Report recent-
ly released. This deficit is expect-
ed to increase to MK80 million in
1986.

‘The report says the country’s nine
statutory bodies’ deficit increased
from MK2,9 million in 1984/85, to
MK19.9 million ($18,4 million) in
1985/86.

The Agricultural Development
and Marketing Corporation (Ad-
mark) finances shifted from a profit
of MK4.3 million in 1984, to a loss
of MK26 million in 1985, due toa
sharp drop in tobacco auction floor
prices, accumulating maize stocks,
and lower prices on maize exports.

The Malawi Railways, which had
an operating deficit of MK137 000
in 1985/86, was affected by disrup-
tions on the Nacala line. Internation-

3400/428

al traffic declined from 93 000
tonnes in 1984/85, to virtually zero
in 1985/86, says the report.

The Electricity Supply Commis-
sion (Escom) increased its profita-
bility from MK2.2 million in 1984
to MKS.3 million ($4,9 million) in
1985. Earnings are expected to in-
crease to MK8,1 million in 1986.
Net profits for the Malawi Develop-
ment Corporation declined “by
MK6.6 million from 1984.

Another large -parastatal, Air
Malawi, is facing serious liquidity
problems, and its profitability is ex-
pected to worsen in 1986 from a
loss of MK3,8 million, to MK4,6
million in 1986.

Reasons given for the decline in
earnings include exhorbitant jet fuel
prices. a declining payload on
regional routes, and an ageing air-
craft fleet.

Two other statutory bodies. the

19

JPRS~SSA~86~122

11 December 1986

Oct 86 p7

Blantyre Water’ Board and the

. Malawi Book Service, are expect-
ed to show surpluses of MK331 000
and MK1.,7 million respectively in
1986. The Malawi Housing Corpo-
ration and the Lilongwe Water
Board are also expected to show in-
creases in earnings.

Meanwhile, Malawi exported
goods worth .MK16.6 million
(Z$15,3 million) from Zimbabwe,
while Zimbabwe exported goods
worth MK23.3 million (Z$21.6 mil-
lion) to Malawi in 1984 (latest avail-
able official figures), reflecting a
MK6,7 «million (Z$6.2_ million)
favourable trade balance for
Zimbabwe.

Trade between-the two countries.
is expected to increase following the
signing of a trade pact. which came
into effect on October | this year,
a spokesman for the Malawi High
Commission told the Gazerte this
week.

ZIMBABWE



NOTE

JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign
newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency
transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language
sources are translated; those from English-language sources
are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and
other characteristics retained.

Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets
[] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text ]
or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the
last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was
processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor-
mation was summarized or extracted.

Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are
enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques-
tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the
original but have been supplied as appropriate in context.
Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an
item originate with the source. Times within items are as
given by source.

The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli-
cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.

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JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order-
ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and
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Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports
Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Technical
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20402.

Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement
may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service,
1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.



JPRS~SSA-86~122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

CONSERVATIVES CLAIM BUTHELEZI SYMPATHIZES WITH ANC
MBO21943 Johannesburg SAPA in English 1937 GMT 2 Nov 86

[Text] Johannesburg, 2 November, SAPA--It was clear that the sympathies of the
KwaZulu leader, Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi, lay with the African National Con-
gress, the Conservative Party [CP] said today.

The CP's deputy leader, Dr Ferdie Hartzenberg, said in a statement released in
Johannesburg that Chief Buthelezi's speech to staff and students at the Univer-
sity of Port Elizabeth this week was "confrontational" and showed he was not a
moderate.

In his speech, Chief Buthelezi said whites "should learn to be African or perish
as aliens from abroad."

Dr Hartzenberg said: "It is clear that Chief Buthelezi's sympathies lie with
the ANC. His insistence that (ANC leader Nelson) Mandela be released confirms
that he is not the moderate that the Americans and the government keep telling
us he is."

Dr Hartzenberg said the CP was not “fooled" by the KwaZulu chief minister. Chief
Buthelezi had to understand that the CP "has the support of a very large portion--
perhaps even at this stage the majority-~of the white electorate and we are
frankly tired of his cliches which are designed to frighten whites into capitu-
lation."

"We are tired of his stereotyped African-style threats such as the fact that
black South Africans would abandon attempts to use the parliamentary process,"
the statement said.

"This process was never indigent [as received] to the Zulus anyway, and Chief
Buthelezi should remember who brought the process to South Africa in the first

place."

The chief had, by his own words, confirmed that one of the biggest problems
facing the future of South Africa was disunity among blacks, Dr Hartzenberg said.

“Without the presence of the whites, this disunity would result in strife and
dictatorship, just as it has in other parts of Africa when whites left."

43



IPRS~SSA~86--122
11 December 1996

MASHONALAND GOVERNOR URGES FREEDOM FROM TRIBALISM, NEPOTISM

Harare THE SUNDAY MAIL in English 26 Oct 86 p 15

{Article by Tendayi Nyakunu]

[Text]

TO see a Zimbabwe
free of nepotism, tri-
balism and_regional-
‘ism, is the Governor
of Mashonaland West,
Senator Mudhomeni
Chivende’s most cher-

ished wish.

“Bven within the party
Zanu (PF) nepotism,
tril and

these vices remain,
“When there is peace
and free movement in the
whole country, then and
only then, can I rest
knowing fully well that

the country, which was
algo subject to the effects
for

is essential for develop-
ment and in this regard,
I would like to register
my greatest concern and
regret at the death of
our Mozambican brother,
Cde Samora Machel,
“We mourn this cham-
pion of peace realising
that we need a climate
of peace in order to em-
bark on meaningful de-
velopment. Mashonaland
‘West mourns Cde Machel

‘with the rest of the coup
try and all progreas-
ive forces id the inter

land

Chivende said
province's priority need
was

“We fought for the
“We for

equat distribution of land,
among other things, now
we are

people have been patient-
ly awaiting resettlement
and we would like to ap-
peal to Government to
urgently consider our need
as they are beginning to
get discouraged ‘by squat-
ters from other provinces
who settle indiscrimin-
ately and Mlegaily on
vacant farms in this
province,” he said,

He then took the op-
portunity to issue a stern
warning to the squatters
in the province that they
would be dealt with ruth-
jessty.

27

D ent “Plan, Cde |
evelopm: =a

;
I
|

‘These le shoulg re-
spect laws of their

and
wait to be resettled and

their own laws and if they
don’t then anarchy pre-
vails, making it difficult
to govern the land.”
Cde Chiverde said that
decentralisation in the
province was being ham-
pered by lack of office ang
residential accommoda-
tion, He urged local
authorities and the people
themselveg to use their
own initiative and buila
houses for teachers and

ZIMBABWE



[Landman] So, what you are saying in effect, is that the instruments on the
navigator's panel corresponded exactly with their real position?

[Earp] Yes. In fact, there is an instrument called a distance measuring equip-
ment, a DME. And that read 35 nautical miles, 74.9 km. And that is also on
the navigator's panel.

[Landman] From?

[Earp] From its home beacon, which would have been Maputo. And in fact, if

you look at the instruments, the distance and the plot of the needle from Maputo,
it would place the aircraft there [points to map] and that is exactly where it
was. It was where its instruments said it was.

[Landman] How does the radar work? Why did you not pick it up on the moment of
impact?

[Earp] Ruda, radar is a line~of-sight instrument. It cannot see around a
corner, it cannot see through a hill. In the area, here, are the Lebombo
mountains. And in fact, the aircraft was lower than the hills when it hit.
So naturally the radar could not see over the hill.

[Landman] Does that mean that an enemy airplane could actually cross our
border there, and you would not know about it, if it stayed low enough?

[Earp] If it stayed low enough, that is so. And that is not just our radar.
Everybody's radars have the same problem. They cannot see if the target is
too low or behind an obstruction.

[Landman] Another criticism was that you were remiss in reporting the accident.

[Earp] Well, we are not responsible for any traffic that is not over our coun-
try, in our air space. And this plot, as you can see on the map, was not over
our territory. I can mention that in the area which is monitored by our radar,
there are something like 135 plots per day.

[Landman] So whose responsibility was it, actually, to react to a plane vanish-
ing from radar screens, or can it happen that it can just vanish and no one will
take any notice?

[Earp] Well, first of all, all plots will eventually vanish from the screen when
the target goes low enough. But it was Mozambique's responsibility. And I would
like to mention here that there are about 18 radars in that area, which could
have been...

[Landman, interrupting] On Mozambique's side?

[Earp] Mozambique's side, including some fairly good radars, Russian equipment.
If I may show you on the map again, there is radar at Massingir, at Inhaca Is-
land, at Maputo, at Moamba, which is about there [points at map], and Changalane.
And these radars must have seen this aircraft. Now, the fact that it dissappeared
from our screens at about 2116 did not arouse any alarm or despondence on our
side. It was routine, and we had no further responsibility toward the aircraft.

36



JPRS-SSA-86-122
il December 1996

ZIMBABWE

ZMDC TO WORK ON GOLD MINE AT CHEGUTU

Harare THE FINANCIAL GAZETTE in English 24 Oct 86 p 2

[Text]

19274
cso:

ploratory work at Elvington
Mine, 15km from Chegutu.
tive of the ZMDC Mr._M T Wakata-
ma, told the Gazette this week that
initial exploration work at the mine
— which is a gold prospect — which:
began two years ago, has already in-
dicated that the mine has about one
million tonnes of ore reserves.
He said: “This discovery is just
cone of the claims. More work is go-
ing on.on the other portions and we
are confident of more economic
reserves. We hope to complete the
exploration in March, 1987. The
mine itself should be fully commis-
sioned by mid-1988 -or. soon

3400/430

thereafter.’”

‘The corporation has advertised
for interested firms from all over the
world to submit prequalification

. tenders’on the design, construction

and commissioning of a carbon-in=
pulp plant, with a treating capacity
of at least 150 000 tonnes of ore per

year
“We have received about 12 bids
from companies in Zimbabwe and

_ other parts of the world. From this

list a few will be asked to submit
their bids, and we hope construction
will start in the second half of 1987,
0 that we will be on achesdule with

the commissioning of the mine,”
said Mr Wakatama.

With an extraction rate of
150 000 tonnes of ore per year, the
mine has an economic life of about
seven years. However, Mr Wakati-
ma said: “‘As I have said before, we
have other portions of gold claims
and we are confident of getting
more ore reserves. We have only
gone down about 200 metres,
whereas other mines in the area
have dug up to 300 or 400 metres.””

He said that when fully commis-

22

sioned, Elvington Mine. is expect-
‘edto create new employment for at
least 300 people. Negotiations have
already beguh with the Chegutu
municipal council on the allocation
of housés for the employees.

‘LIMITED RESOURCES

However, in view of the limited
financial resources of the council to
build 300 or more houses, a top-
Jevel delegation that included Mr
‘Wakatama and three other ZMDC
officials, held’a meeting with the
Minister of Local Government,
Rural and Urban Development Cor-
poration, Mr Enos' Chikowore, to
discuss the issue. -

“The minister subsequently visit-

ed Chegutu on October 10.and car-
ried‘ out an-on-site inspection. He
‘has since asked for detailed: infor-
the ZMDC. The council interids to
apply for a loan from the Urban De-.
velopment -Corporation’ or the
Ministry of Housing:

“We are hopeful that the council
will assist the in provid-
ing the houses,"’ -said Mr
Wakatama.



The commission's basic
objective of facilitating
collaboration and_ institute
action to increase
employment _ opportunities
within the member states
sounds plausible. According
to conference sources, one
such action will be to effect
a development process within
their economies aimed at
.generating employment as
well as raising the standards
of-living and promoting the
welfare of their peoples.
The ‘commission. needed. to
formulate such a strategy.

Opening the ministerial,
meeting, Malawi's Minister
for Labour Stanford Demba
advised the other member
states to restructure their
economies in. line with the
principles of the commission
as they looked for solutions
to absorb. into their own
sectoral economies, such as
agriculture, building
construction, public works,

transport, and other services, .

not only. ‘the returning
migrant workers but also the
emerging labour force.
..Conference delegates were
reminded of the need. to
work out these _measures
collectively as this will enable
the member states to attain
self-reliance in employment,
which can also be achieved
through mobilisation of the
-available human and natural
resources.
Some member states of
SALC have so far managed
to restructure their econo-

mies through industrialjsation,,

agriculture and ~ rural
development, among other
means. In Malawi's case the
government is endeavouring
to generate employment for
its people mainly in the rural
sector where the labour
force live and earn their
living.

/8309
cso: 3400/435

Since Malawi is virtually
an agricultural country, it
has adopted a development
strategy based on agriculture
in order to. fully utilise the
land as well as the abundant
labour resources. The
government is planning to
create more employment
opportunities not only in
order to facilitate the phasing
out of migrant labour, but
also to absorb the new
entrants into :the labour
force. .

While laying emphasis on
the development ‘of ‘the
agricultural: sector. the !
Malawi government has also
embarked on a_ national
development programme of
agriculture related - activities
in which most of the workers
are already absorbed. i

Malawi has opted for a
policy of achieving socio-
economic development
through agriculture and its.
related activities, particularly
the smallholder subsector
which comprises the majority
“of the rural’ self-employed

sons.

Most of those who have at
‘one time or another worked
as. migrant workers have
joined this sector and nearly
all of them have sworn never
to leave the country again in
search of employment else-
where, according to their
testimonies either at farmers’
forums on the radio prog-
rammes for the farmers.

However, whatever efforts
may be exerted in this field.
the member states of SALC
believe they _—need
international financial and
technical support if they are
to achieve their objectives
of self-reliance in the field of
generating and providing
employment to their
nationals through the mobi-
lisation of available resour-
ces.

International organisations
attending the SALC con-
ference included the Inter-
national Labour Organisation
(ILO), the Economic Com-
mission for Africa (ECA),
the Danish International De-
velopment Agency
(DANIDA) and the United
Nations Development Prog-
ramme (UNDP), among
others. —APS


GREAT SOWETO ELECTRICITY PLAN SAID TO BE WORLD'S FIRST
Johannesburg SUNDAY TIMES in English 2 Nov 86 p 7

[Article by David Carte]

IPRS~SSA-86-122
11 December 1986

SOUTH AFRICA

[Text] THE privately funded R206-million scheme to provide electricity for 105 000 houses and
businesses was officially handed over to the Soweto, Dobsonville and Diepmeadow councils
this week. The project, financed by a consortium of banks and financial institutions, also
provides street lighting, Guill Marais, chairman of consortium leaders Marais & Partners,
says it was one of the largest electrification schemes to be undertaken in the world.

LTA will consider ten-
dering for other town-
ship electrification
projects even though it
thinks it was  short-
changed to the tune of
more than R25-million
on the Soweto scheme,
says managing direc-
tor Colin Wood.

“You can’t say you won't
ever tender on a certain type
of contract again,” said Mr
Wood, “but in future we shall
be very cautious about the
conditions of this type of con-
tract.”

‘Mr Wood said negotiations
between LTA and other par-
ties were at a delicate stage.
He declined to elaborate on
the arguments involved.

A contractor outside LTA
said the matter was dead-
locked because of the long
chain of command involved
in the contract.

Expensive

Apparently the client was
the Soweto councils, which
were advised by the West
Rand Administration Board,
which no longer exists. The
main contractor was Tesa-
con, a consortium of electri-
cal contractors, whose equip-
ment was to be installed.
LTA was a sub-contractor.

The job turned out more
difficult and expensive than
anyone had foreseen.

“There was fault on every
side,” said a contractor who
was not involved in the argu-
ment. “The engineering was
too rushed. The documents
were not sound. Banks ar-
ranged funding for only a
certain amount. Once that
money was used up, that was
the end of the story.

“In addition, as the job de-

veloped, it became more.

complicated. There was five
times more rock than anyone
expected. The contractors
believed there was a lot of
additional work, the bill for
which amounted to perhaps
five or six times more than
the contract amount.

“Another problem was
that a whole lot of other con-
tracts for roads, drainage
and services were signed.at
the same time. Contractors
were treading on one an-
other’s toes and sometimes
freshly laid cable was dug up
in error.”

Court case

As a result of the compli-
cations, LTA is claiming far
more than the original con-
tract amount. It has a prob-
lem in discovering from
whom to claim — the Soweto
councils, non-existent WRAB.
or Tesacon.

All parties hope to avoid
going to law, but if no com-
promise is reached the mat-
ter will end up in the
Supreme Court.

58

Mr Wood says there is no
question of further losses.

TA has provided in full and
this year it will return mod-
estly to the black in spite of a
heavy interest bill. He hopes
that maturing contracts will
bring in the cash to liquidate
debt and keep LTA in profit
even though the order book is
down and still falling.

Now that Soweto, Diep-
meadow and Dobsonville
have been provided with
electricity, many are asking
which township will be next.
Much depends on the Soweto
experience.

if electrification makes
not only for a better quality
of life but for more peacable
living, it seems likely that it
will spread across the coun-
try and that the economics
wall be a secondary consider-
ation.

High cost

The economies of electrifi-
cation remain problematical.
A. high proportion of black
consumers have found they
cannot afford to use the elec-
tricity delivered so expen-
sively to their doorsteps.

One advantage about elec-
tricity is that it can be turned
off on non-payment.

Escom has raised its prices
by 10% twice this year and is
about to hit consumers again


JPRS-SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

Editorial Praises Aid

Cape Town THE WEEKEND ARGUS in English 25 Oct 86 p 24

[Editorial]

[Text]

AST week we published the grim

and alarming details of the hunger
erisis on the Cape Flats and invited
readers to contribute to The Argus Food
Campaign, launched in association with
the Mayor’s Relief Fund. The initial
response has been splendid.

In only a week readers have donated
more than R16 000 in what has heen a
heartwarming gesture of compassion.
‘And the money is still flowing in. It has
come in large and small amounts from
rich and poor alike, from young and old,
from diverse communities.

It has shown once again that when the
citizens of Cape Town face a crisis they
respond with a unity and concern which
we have come to accept of a caring,
sharing community.

Here’s how some people went about
it; staff at a supermarket decided to
donate their annual Christmas party
cash prize to the campaign; a city
salesman has pledged part of his
commission earnings; a suburban
restaurant is organising a Halloween
party to raise money; members of
prestige women’s club forfeited their
usual slap-up lunch for sandwiches and
sent us the R500 difference.

Almost daily now others are joining
this humanitarian campaign. Money and
contributions in kind — are desperately
needed and will be for a long time to
come.

The Medical Officer of Health, Dr
Reg Coogan, has reported despair born
of hunger has become endemic in many
sub-economic areas in the wake of
steadily rising unemployment.

74

The attendant social evils —'
alcoholism, tuberculosis, crime, assault
and child battering among them —
touch all who live in the city sooner or
later and in one way or another.

The scale of the problem is growing
at an alarming rate. Tons of food are
being distributed in the worst hit areas,
but more — much, much more — is
needed.

As Dr Coogan has pointed out: “We
have a community disease at the
moment — poverty and unemployment
and all that springs from it. It’s our
business, and that is why we're tackling
it!

For many in our midst times are not
only hard but disastrous and it is they
who look to the rest of us for help. Let's
give them whatever we can afford; it
could make the difference between hope
and despair.

Your heart is — in your pocket.
Have a heart, help feed the hungry.



The CP deputy leader said Chief Buthelezi's statements were no different from
what was heard from other black leaders and "ambitious politicians."

The tragedy was that so much prominence was given in the media "in the establish-
ment to Chief Buthelezi's obvious manoeuvres towards establishing himself as the
only solution for South Africa," Dr Hartzenberg said.

/12232
CSO: 3400/406

4h



SOUTH AFRICA

BRIEFS

EAST CAPE INFANTRY FORCE FORMED--Grahamstown~-A South African Infantry
Association (SAIA) with a potential membership of more than 6,000 has been
formed on a regional basis, according to the commanding officer of the

6th South African Infantry, Colonel Paul Stroebel--who will double as

chairman of the association for the Eastern Province area. Membership is open
to permanent force infantrymen, citizen force, national servicemen, ex-
servicemen--and also women who are closely involved in the services. No ex-
servicewomen are eligible because, unlike other branches of the services, the
infantry has no women's auxilliary service. The association was the brainchild
of the retired former Inspector-General of the Army, General Pik van Noorden,
who farms near Rustenberg. [Text] [East London DAILY DISPATCH in English

21 Oct 86 p 3] /8309

BLACK-WHITE COOPERATION ENCOURAGED--The minister of national education and
leader of the National Party in the Transvaal, Mr F.W. De Klerk, says not only
the whites but also the blacks of South Africa stand before a critical choice
on the future of the country. Mr De Klerk told a public meeting at Schweizer-
Reneke in the Western Transvaal that blacks would have to understand that just
as white domination was unacceptable to them so black domination was not
acceptable to whites. He said the incorporation of black communities at all
levels of decisionmaking could not be stopped. Should blacks, however, decide
to seize power, they would be choosing the path of confrontation. Mr De Klerk
said black leaders could not advocate peace and at the same time be on a
friendly footing with the ANC. He said that peace in the long term was only
possible if there was the assurance that one group would not dominate another.
Cooperation was necessary to ensure the security of every group. [Text]
[Johannesburg Domestic Service in English 0500 GMT 7 Nov 86 MB] /12232

CSO: 3400/425

46 /



JPRS~SSA~86~122
11 December 1986

Visits RUAC
Niamey LE SAHEL in French 21 Oct 86 pp 1, 3

{Article by Special Correspondent Ali Moussa Chaweye: "Road Maintenance Is a
Priority"]

{Text] The minister of public works and habitat has completed his working tour
of the interior of the country. Moumouni Yacouba went to the departments of
Diffa, Zinder, and Agadez to visit the road projects and the departmental tech-
nical services of the Ministry of Public Works and to discuss with the staff
personnel at the site the role they should play in the maintenance of the
national highway system: a system whose fiscal 1987 budget is approximately

2 billion CFA francs.

Minister of Public Works and Habitat Moumouni Yacouba began his working tour of
the interior of the country by a visit to the RUAC-~-the "Highway of Unity and
Canadian Friendship." On this highway, reconstruction of the 150-kilometer
Djajiri-Diffa section is being underwritten by the Canadian International Devel-
opment Agency (CIDA), in the amount,of more than 9 billion CFA francs. This
section of Route 1 is a part of the great international trunk highway known as
the "Highway of Unity," which links all of Sahelian Africa from west to east.

Fifty kilometers of roadway have already been asphalted, and the remainder will
be completed in December 1987. The work being done at the construction site
includes widening and reinforcing the pavement to a width of 6 meters and
completely rebuilding the road (including earthworks) in those areas where it
has been completely destroyed and where construction of sanitation works is
necessary.

The old roadway was narrow, with an average transitable width of 5.5 meters and
no shoulders. Moreover, there were no sanitation works: only a few earthen
ditches provided drainage for the road, which crosses extensive areas where the
soil is completely saturated by the rains.

The present condition of the Maine-Soroa-Diffa section is also not of the best.
It displays degrees of deterioration that range all the way to complete disap-
pearance of the roadway in some places. According to the technical experts of
the Ministry of Public Works this difficulty will be removed, in that the
Djajiri-Diffa road is being surfaced with a material that is a mixture of
asphalt, sand, and gravel that can stand up for about 15 years. A total of 387
Nigeriens of all categories are employed on the project.

The Zinder-Agadez Trunk Road: One Link in the "Trans-Saharan" Highway

In Zinder Department, Minister of Public Works and Habitat Moumouni Yacouba
was most interested in the progress of work on the Zinder-Takieta and Zinder-
Agadez sections, and also on the Tsamia-Takieta and Belbedji-Tessaoua roads.

These construction projects are divided into three groups. The first group
consists of the Zinder-Takieta and Zinder-Bakin-Birji sections. The 50-kilo-
meter Zinder-Takieta section is being financed by the European Development Fund